Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-20
LEAGUE FAVORED
BY CLEMENCEAU
French Plan IS Submitted by
Z Baron de Constant and
Senator Bourgeois
HEADS PEACE PROGRAM
By ehe &ssoctate6 Press

By che &seod4ta6 RresL
PARIS, December fS.-Baron dEs-
-ournelIes de Constant today gave
the Associated Press the French plan
for bringing about a society of ma
lions which tho baron and Senator
Leon Bourgeois, formerly French pre-
,nier, presented to Premier C1emen-
ceau several days ago. The French
premier gave assurances that the
principle Of a society of nations
would be inscribed at the head of the
French program before the peace
congress-
and NJ. Bourgeois were French dele
gates at both peace conferences at
The Hague. and are the French mem
bers OF the permanent international
court at The Hague. They said they
had presented their plan to Premier
sion, as he had not yet declared him.
self in favor of a league of nations,
having been regarded as typlfylng
The fighting spirit which has gained
him the name of tiger
Essential to Durable Peace
They FIRST handed the premier let
ter which said. in part:
I'VE are convinced that a durable
peace can be assured only In SUD-
stituting for a reign of force that OF
organized right. 1t is the object OF
our association to aid in the conStltu-
ton of a society, first of part, ana
then of all the nations. This society
should, according to the recent oecIa.
ration of President Wilson, be most
essential party in securing the main
tenance of peace.
Premier C1emenceau was an atten-
live list ener to the details Of the plan
for the formation of such plan.
Concerning the principle of such an
organization, he declared, it would be
set down in the program and go be.
fore the peace congress at the head OF
the subjects to be discussed. But he
asked for specific particulars concern
ing the details of the organization OF
this international society, especially
as to whether the French advocates
of the plan are cooperating with
British, American, Italian and other
organiZat ions, to ascertain If the pres
emit project is supported by all ma
lions.
Outline of the Plan.
Explaining the detailed plans pre-
scented to Premier Clemenceau, Count
D'Estournelles de Constant said to the
Associated Press:
The essentials of the plan are:
First. compulsory arbitration with
out limitation or exception. This
leaves out the old exception of ques-
lions involving national honor and
dignity. Second. limitation of arma-
rnents. Third. the establishment of
council of administration of the ma
lions for the formulation of new in
1ernationaI administration and inter-
national law procedure. Fourth. the
application of sanctions for making
effective the decisions of the society
of nations. Sanctions is a diplomatic
expression, meaning the various steps
for enforcing compliance. They are
fourfold:
First, diplomatic sanction. The
society of nations shall break diplo-
matte relations with any recalcitrant
nation and give his passports to the
amba ssador or minister representing
that nation
Second, juridical sanction, whereby
the courts of all countries will be
closed to a recaIcitrant nation. 1t
and placed outside the pale of civ
iIiZed states.
"ThiId. economic sanction. whereby
the economic means of all nations
shall be directed against any recall
citrant state. This economic weapon
of the united nations will be great
power IN isolating any offending ma
tion, cutting off its foodstuffs and
raw materials, when it acts in de-
fiance of the society Of nations.
Fourth. military sanction. This
r. the last sanction by which the
Joint nations would undertake to en-
force observance of the decisions of
the society of nations. This military
sanction is the most difficult and deli
cate of all the questions involved in
creating the society of nations.
Regarding Military Enforcement.
There will be different views con-
corning the military enforcement of
peace. 1t is the purpose of our or
ganigation to reconcile these differ
ences and secure some workable basis
Of agreement. One view is for a
small International military force. or
the nucleus of an international fleet.
Others regard this as unnecessary
and prefer to rely on the moral force
of the united nations. Some may
wish to give up compulsory military
service, but retain the navy.
These divergent views must be