The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1918-03-21

The use of gas In warfare dates back
to about 400 B. G. The Spartans sat-
urated wood with pitch and sulphur
and burned 1t under the walls Of cities
which they were attacking. For sew
eral centuries gus has not been used
in warfare, and The Hague convention
definitely ruled against it. However,,
on April %, 1915, the Germans liber--
ated great clouds Of gas against Cana.
dian troops near Ypres. Terrible de-
structiOn and decentralization resulted
from this first gas attack, and Within
a week England was making plans for
gas warfare against the Germans.
Soon after the first German gas at.
tack English and French women sent
to the front hundreds of thousands Of
homemade gas masks. For the most
part they were merely bandages i'm.
pregnated with chemicals to wrap
around the mouth and nose. These
emergency masks s~Rve1~nany livesr
but afforded only limited protection.
Commenting on the decision to regu-
late the consumption of bread in Paris.
by means of tickets, reference is made
by some Of the Paris newspapers to,
the success of the bread card in Swift
erland, where the bread has been ra-
toned for several months, resulting in.
an economy of As per CEN Of the.
amount consumed previously.
The average amount allotted per
person per day is $50 grams (Which
will soon be reduced to 200 grams).
Each individual card contains a GER
tain number of coupons for 25O, 100, so
and 25 grams of bread, amounting in
all to the total monthly allotment.
These coupons may be used whenever
the holder desires, either at the bak-
er's or at a restaurant; In fact, guests.
in private families are expected to de-
tach from their individual bread cards:
the coupons equivalent to the amount.
of bread consumed.
More than $11, 900 Of war
risk insurance has so far been written,
covering over 100000 persons in the,
military and naval services. The aver
age amount Of insurance applied for is
nearly $4,000. The maximum permit
ted is $4,000, and the minimum ST.
600.
Final figures show the United States
army, both here and abroad, is we'll
over so per cent insured. In many
camps 80 per cent of the personnel is
protected by government insurance.
The insurance now on the books Of the
bureau Is more than three times as
great as the ordinary insurance held
by the largest commercial company in
the world.
All new persons joining the service
may apply for insurance within 100
days OTTER joining the colors. Auto
matte insurance ceased for all men,
regardless Of enlistment date, on Feb
ruary II.
An ordnance base that will cost APP
p%roximately $25.OOO,OOO is under 0
struction in France. 1t will include a
gun-repair plant equipped to refine.
more than 800 guns a month a large
capacity carriage repair plant; a
m~otor-vehicle repair plant capable of
o%verhauling more than 1900 vehicles
a month; a small-arms repair plant to-
handle $1,000 rifles and machine guns
a month; a large shop for the repair
of horse and infantry equipment; a
%reloading plant capable Of reloading'
about 100000 artillery cartridges a
day.
The ordnance base will include 90
large storehouses, IL shop buildings,
100 smaller shops and magazines, and
machine and tool equipment costing
$5,OOO.OOO. Approximately $50 officers
and 10000 men will be required for
maintenance.
According to an announcement by
Secretary Lane additional parks will
be open to tourists this veal on the fol-
lowing dates:
Yosemite, California, May 1 to No.
vember 1; Rocky Mountain National
park. Colorado, May 1 to November
l; SequOia National park, California,
May Is to October 10; General Grant
National park, California, May Is to,
October 10; Mesa Verde National park,
Colorado, June 1 to September 80;
Mount Rainier National park. Washing
ton, June 1 to September 16; Glacier
National park, Montana, June is to
September IS; Crater Lake National
park, Oregon, July 1 to September 80;
Yellowstone National park, Wyoming
June Is to September, Is.
An illustrated catalogue of official
war photographs and ]stereopticon
slides has been issued by the division
of pictures of the committee on pub.
lie information. In 1t are listed about
1000 pictures available to the public,
including photographs taken by the
signal corps, navy, marine corps and
French and Belgian official photo
pranhS.