El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-03-30
~
Frank G. Carpenter
Copyright. 1s1S, by Frank
G. Carpenfer.)

2 glide down into Il when the ship has e
I Be launched The stern OF the ship goeu
first into the water and the ship e built
I with Its prov toward the land The lzsei
runs from one end Of the ships bottom Il
I the other Il is a great plate Of stee
which IS built Up Ike an enormous back
! bone. and TO which the steel ribs which
form the framework Of the hull are fast
ensd- These ribs 80 Up IN great curvei
[ on each side OF the vessel and Il iB q
I them that the plates which form the Skin
l Of steel that keeps out the water are at
tached. In fact the ribs and keel might
Z Be called the skeleton Of the ship. tbs
steel plates the skin OF flesh and thu
boilers and engines the lungs and heart.
Ribs Beut at White Heat.
Tho ribs are bent at hite heat, into
Z the exact lines OF the drawings shown By
the SERVE board They are punched with
many holes for the rlvets. and are marked
50 that the builders know 5ust where the
bands. HtriuEers and deck beams are %
fit in when the skeleton Is completed
you can see through It from one END 70
The other It has been described as Ike
a great wicker basket. the willows repre-
senting the network Of steel
In the fabricating yards now being
made by the government, the plates viii
come marked and each VIII be bent and
curved so that It viii fit exactly into ttz
own place in the side OF the ship. This
viii be done IN the fabricsting factories
over the country. In a bis steamship yard
o. the old style. the plates are bezt IN its
own shops as have described They are
then carried out TO the ways upon which
the skeleton OF the ship stands and lifted
up by great cranes SO that they rest
against the sides OF the ship. They are
rireted by tools which work BY COM
pressed air. fitting the steel so tightly
that the water caunot get in.
Some Of these plates are Of enormous
size and they vary in thickness and
weight according to their place IN the
vessel. Some Of the plates on the Lusi-
tania measured As feet IN length and
WEIGHED n1n
They were fastened together and TO the
skeleton by rivets which were more than
an inch thick, and by the time the yes
sci was completed more than 100000
rivets had TO be driven and clinched into
place. The ships we are now making ara
Of course very much smaller. but some
Of the plates are Of enormous weight, and
tens OF thousands OF rlFerH VIII n3 re-
Quired for every big cargo steamship The
plates are usually lifted on one by one in
bands from stem 20 stern. and from the
edges are forced IN or calked with pneu-
matte hammers. and the shell - then
ready for painting Much OF the interior
work IS done after the ship e launched,
and a. usual thing the hoilerE and
other machinery are not put in uutf Il
IS in the water
The New Governments ships.
All the machinery Of the new govern
ment ships viii be made IN fahricatlnE
factories scattered here and there over
the country. Every ship will need many
different machines. II viii have 20 have
boilers, turbines gearing, Ehafting. stern
tubes. condensers. pumps and propeller
II viii have 70 have draft fans, rentliEtorl
and evaporation II will need feed water
tanks and feed water heaters. steam and
exhaust piping. and suction and 6ischnrge
piping. II q is fitted for on fuel & VIII
be equipped with oil burners aud oil heat
era as veil. and air registers. valves ard
special pumps To propel the new ships
$500 Horsepower viii Be needed They are
20 be single screw ships. and each viii
have propeller attached 20 the shaft
which runs through the vessel
The motive power is 20 be the steam
turbine. and Il viii send the propeller
around at a rate OF 90 revolutions Per
minute. This necessitates that the tur-
bins ravolvs $500 revolutions per minute,
o. so times every second
The turbines are among the most inter
estiug parts Of the new ships They con-
sist Of q revolving shaft on which =
keyed a drum carrying projecting hlades
which are turned by steam There is q
which goes flying around a. this rate The
ships are not intended to be greyhounds {
OF the Atlantic. and the turbines viii be I
nothing Ike the fastest now made. There
are some turbines in which the blades 90 !
around at 700 feet per second CT nearly 4
eight miles a minute
The boilers 70 be used IN the fabricated ]
ships are tubular and they VIII burn Oh 7
as fuel, although they can be converted I
10 coal burning boilers. II Necessary Tns
oil fuel tank win be located IL the double I
bottom OF the vessel. and the oil vii Be /
pumped up and discharged through OIL i
heaters from which q WI go % the OF /
burners being mixed with air and sprayed
and creates the steam which is super
heated II then runs into the turbines
which move the propeller and force the \
lteamer along through the water