davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
G. F. BAKER, JR., HAS
ENLISTED IN ARMY
Banker VIII Enter Camp
Zachary Taylor Officers
Artillery School.

George f. Baker. Jr., vice-president
Of the First National Bank. has en-
listed as a private IN the army and will
soon leave for Camp Zachary Taylor,
where he will enter the artillery school
and study for a commission.
Mr.. Baker will give a farewell din
ner at the Savoy tonight to friends
and relatives and follow It with a
theatre party at the Conan 4 Harris
Theatre.
With the enlistment of Mr.. Baker
more than half of the officers and en-
ployees of the First National Bank
have entered the military service Of
the United States,
Francis L. Hine, president Of the
bank. has three sons with the colors
The eldest. Lyman N. Hine, Is a Major
In the Ordnance Department and has
been under fire in both of the latest
drives on the western front. Another
son. Lieut. Worthington Hlne, recently
returned to this country after having
been gassed at Verdun a few months
ago. He is now stationed at the artil-
lery school at San Diego, Cal. Ethelbert
|, Low. a stepson Of Mr.. Hine. Is I'm
the artillery school at Camp Zachary
Taylor.
The First National Bank has also
shown unusual patriotism in a financial
way, as II has subscribed to a total OF
s1.a5O.000,000 Of Liberty bonds and
United states Treasury certificates OF
ndebtedness
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
FIXING OF COTTON
PRICES DEFERRED
Federal Committee Makes An
nouncement to Dispel
Rumors.
Special Despatch TO TnB sus.

WASHINGTON, Sept 27.--Fixed prices
by the Government on standard grades
Of cotton will not be recommended to
President Wilson by the Federal cotton
committee for some time, It was an
nounced to-day by Chairman Thomas
w. Page. He asked further that the
public and the cotton interests decline
to give credence to unauthorized re-
ports and rumors concerning tho cot
ton situation, and stated. that all au-
thentic information will be given out
over his signature or that of Charles ].
Brand, chairman of the committee on
cotton distribution.
Mr.. Page's announcement says:
THE committee will not recommend
that price be fixed on raw cotton at
the present time. nor will II SO recon-
mend in any event before sufficient time
has elapsed to test the effect as n stabii-
izing influence Of the work assigned to
the committee on cotton distribution
changes occur in the cotton market of
such violence as to threaten the welfare
OF legitimate interests.
THE committee on cotton distribu-
ton has been organized and has been
directed TO effect as quickly as possible
an equitable distribution OF cotton as
to quantity and also as to grade among
both domestic and foreign manufactur-
ers with a special view TO providing for
the proper utilization OF the surplus Of
GRADES below middlinE.
"Note-4It Is planned to accomplish
this distribution by regulations applying
to foreign and domestic manufacturers
without interference with the usual
trading between farmers and buyers or
merchants.
"Al purchases both for foreign and
for domestic consumption will continue
to be made at market prices through the
marketing and distributing agencies COM
monty used unless and until the cotton
committee shall determine and announce
that a necessity has arisen for making
a change.
"In view Of this announcement the
cotton committee hopes that agencies
engaged in the cotton industry will pro-
coed In the normal transaction OF busi-
ness without uncertainty or hesitation.
"a thorough survey of the cotton sit
uation il being made by the committee
and this work will not be completed
for several days, Action OF any kind
will not be taken until full and complete
Information has been gathered from
every quarter"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28

Boston Gets River Plate Wool.

sIncludes one-third share Irving Trust,
tSee Irving National Bank.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28

Total sales of bonds, ,1il.Ooo par value.
tSells cents a share.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
SHARP ADVANCE.
IN COTTON MARKET
Influenced by Favorable War
and Political News and
Poor Weather.

There was a sharp advance in the cot
ton market yesterday, with the trade In
1uenced by the favorable war and po-
litical news, unfavorable weather. in the
South, and reports of further buying for
the account OF foreign or domestic spin
ners. The highest prices were reached
late In the day. with December selling at
s3.61c,, or more than 81 bale above the
closing price OF Thursday. and sl2 a
bale above the low price of lsst Tuesday
morning.
1t was apparent from the start that
relief from anxiety over the price fixing
threat had left traders freer to study the
crop situation and the war news. First
prices were firm at an advance of 4 to 81
points. and active months sold 4S to DO
points net higher before the end OF the
first hour on the reports that Bulgaria
had asked for an arnistice. the higher
Liverpool cables. and the prospects for
lower temperatures In the Southwest.
There was scattered Southern selling and
realizing, causing reactions
of several points during the day, but the
market firmed UP again on the favorable
late war news and the reports that Bull
garia was seeking peace. October sold
at 34.1sc. and January at 33,l5c., with
active months generally showing net
gains Of 119 to 14s points. The advance
was then checked by realizing and in
creased hedge selling by the South. which
caused the closing reactions.
The Governments crop report will be
published next Wednesday. and the CEN
sus report on ginning to September 25
will appear on the same day. Private
returns indicate a ginning OF 3.970,0oo
bales for the period. Exports yesterday
were 1918 bales. making 53s,s15 so
far this season. against 70s.7s2 last year.
Southern spot markets as officially re-
ported were 25 to rs points higher.
The week end figures OF the New York
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
Liverpool Cotton Market.

LIVERPOOL. Sept. 27.--Cotton-Spot
quiet prices higher; American middling
fair, 25.44: good middling, 24.70; mid
ding. 24l3: low middling. 230s: good
ordinary( 22.56: ordinary. 21.o3. Sales,
1000 bales. including 1900 American.
Receipts. 100 bales. all American. Fu-
lures closed steady.
Weekly cotton statistics: Imports, 49,
900 bales, all American; stock, 49,
600. American, $4,000; forwarded 49,
600. American $4,000; exports none !:
sales 5000: American 1000.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28

BosToN. Sept 27.-The Commercial
Bulletin tomorrow will say:
"A change in the minds of the Ship
ping Board regarding shipments of wool
from the River Plate district Is thought
TO have been effected as result of
the arrival of a big steamship this
week with more than 100000 pounds
of wool. with others expected.
quite little activity is noted this
week In wool and mohair noils brought
about by the rather easy restrictions
as to price. This business has been
with manufacturers for use I'm civilian
clothing"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
BONDS.
PITTsBURG.
TORONTO CLOSING.

{l0O Ind Brewing g.. 81 a "A a
So0o steei s g.. sS. SS2 s64 Sx
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
COFFEE MARKET.

There was considerable liquidation in
the coffee market during yesterdays half
session. owing to reports Of an easier
tone In the cost and freight market.
March contracts sold at 9.38 during the
early trading. but later eased Off to $50,
while July sold down from $50 to 9.52
with the market closing net unchanged
to points lower.
Clearances OF Brazilian coffee for the
United States SO far this month amount
TO 1900 bags. Rio yesterday reporting
clearance OF $4,000 bags and Santos
10000. The amount of Brazilian coffee
afloat for the United States has in
creased to $4,000 bags, with the United
States visible now 1,4s5.622 bags. COM
pared with 2.360,2s6 q year ago.
The local spot market was quiet at
80 for Rio Is and 1915 Cor Santos IS.
Range Of prices: Thurs-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
DIVIDENDS AND INTEREST.
AIR REDUCTION COMPANY, Inc.

NOW York, September rs, 1915.
The Board Of Directors of Air Reduction
Company. Incorporated has declared quar-
terly dividend Of one and three-quarters
por cent OK ~ upon the preferred stock,
and quarterly dividend No. of One DOL
lar tSl.oo) per ehAre in cash. and an extra
dividend equivalent to ffty cents (5oc) per
share In Second Liberty Loan Az % Bonds
at their par value, upon the common stock.
all payable October 18th, lpls. to stock
holders OF record at the close OF business
on September 3oth. 1918. any fractional
amounts less than Fifty Dollars (S50.oo)
resulting from such extra dividend to- be
paid In cash instead OF bonds
NJ w RANDALL, Secretary.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
"Modern Miller's" Outlook.

CHICAGO, Sept. 27.-Modern Miller
says: Additional blowing continues in
many sections OF the winter wheat belt
with favorable weather Further in
creases In area for wheat are reported
from spring and winter belts. Some
delay In seeding is reported from scat
tered sections. In the Northwest thresh-
ing and moving wheat is active with
blowing well advanced. Corn will be
harvested and moved earlier than usual"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28

The local market for spot cotton was quiet
and 80 points higher at $.lbc for middlins
upland: sales nil.
Southern spot markets follow: Galveston
Arm, 80 points higher at 3iZc.; sales $50 bales.
New Orleans steady, % points higher AT
81. 9oc.; sales $40 bales. Mobile steady, IS
nah firm. % points higher AZ 81 CSC: sales
zoo bales. Norfolk steady, so points higher al
O. Sec: sales ll2 bales. Augusta steady. 50
points higher at 3? sc; sales nil, Memphis
steady. so points higher ut SIC: sales 1850
bales ST. Louis steady, unchanged at S3c. :
sales nil. Little Rock quiet, so points higher
at s3soc.: sales $40 bales Houston steady,
Is points higher At @.25c, sales <,sl2 bales.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
New Orlean. Cotton Market.

NEW ORLEANS, Sept. 27.-It was a
session Of wide advances in cotton to-
day. BulliA sentiment was greatly
strengthened by the war news, the
heavy rains and better feeling in spot
markets. The highest price came late
in the day. Closing bid, october.
So zoe. December. 32c.; January,
Jl.96c.; March. 32.05c. May, 32.l0c.
Spot steady. middling 32.50c.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
RATE PARTIES RESTORED.
Hesdjustment Authorised By Nc
Adoo Affects New York District.
Special DssSafoh n ru, arx

M special Dessa'cA TO rHs Sur.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 27.-The Railroad
Administration tonight announced a
number OF rate authorizations by Direc-
tor-General McAdoo restoring rate pari-
ties In and around New York and pro-
vidlng in several instances lower rates
than prevail under the general rate in
crease order.
, General readjustmeft is provided I'm
he New York lighterase district on
meats, packing house products and other
Ioods, leather, lumber and furniture.
putting all railroads serving New York
on practically the same rate basis.
Filing Of tariffs providing for a rate
on condensed milk shipments to New
YORK city from the Potsdam, Canton.
Massena Springs producing district on
.he same basis as those from Norris
town arc authorized. The new rate ls
"a cents instead Of 20 cents hundred
pounds.
In other authorizations rate adjust.
ments are made restoring the old rate
Fabric on East and West differentiais
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
U. of T.. Opens n. War College.

PHILADELPHIA. Sept. 27-The Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania to-day opened It's
17Sth collegiate year. OF the 5000 stu
dents enrolled more than 1000 were In
the Students Army Training Corps. II
is expected that by October !, when the
Government formally takes control of
tn school. there will be ut least 5000
military and naval students enrolled.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
ELECTIONS And MEETINGS.
TO THE STOCKHOLDERS


WARNER-GODFtEf COMPANY.
Notice Is hereby given that the annual
meeting OF the stockholders of Warner
Godfrey Company Will take place at the
office ~ the Company. SIS Worth Street.
Borough OF Manhattan. City of New York,
on tho 18th day OF October. 1878 at J +. NJ.
OF that day. pursuant to Article H., Sec
lions and 3, Of the bylaws OF tho Com
pany, At this Meeting directors and Of
icers OF the Company for the ensuing year
will be elected, the officers Of the Company
will present their annual reports at such
meeting and such other and further bust
ness as may properly como before said
meeting will take place at said time.
Dated. New York, September 20, 1918.
MoNY J. WARNER. President.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
FINANCIAL NOTES.

Chile Copper Company reports a produce
won or $4,000 pounds of copper In August,
compared with 7.S5s.ooo for the previous
Yale a Towns Manufacturing Company
mas declared q special dividend of per
cent, payable October 10. to aid stock
SSiders contemplating the purchase OF Lib
Federal Mining a Smelling Company
Announcement has been made that the
solved. Mr.. Ungsr win continue to do
eu.ineas under the nrm name OF Bertram
III" S erodSe aSans ., tn. Porto Rico Sugar
company for the season now ending was
approximately $4,000 bags. compared with
''S.VSo oass last year.
ns State Bank a Trust Company OF Rich
n,,Gpnd, Ky. The Institution has a capital OF
The capital of the Penn National Bank
100000 70 81, ooo.o 900.
Montreal Trsmways Company total
,eNenue for the nscaf year ended June 80
Boro Company. Inc, OF Albany, has APP
Piled 20 the state Department Tor reduc-
Non OF Its capital from $500. 900 to $50. 900.
itternstionai salt Company reports to-
~ earnings for the quarter ended August
a., eiter deductions OF expenses. OF s4s7.
Air Reduction Company has declared an
Extra dividend OF so cents In edition "a
We regular quarterly dividend of 81 a
liberty II: psr esn Bond. o ss'e oSi
Emerson: Bran t,nghsm Company has de.
fsrsa . dividend Sf ~ per cent; on The
This 10 the FIRST dividend declared by the
gust /. 1914.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
BOND MEMS CLUB ELECTION.
Il. II. barker Chosen President at
Monthly Luncheon.

At the regular monthly luncheon OF
the Bond Mems Club yesterday In the
Bankers Club the following officers
were elected for the ensuing year: 4. II.
Barker, National City Company. presi-
dent; Charles Wesley of Liggett a
Drexel. viee-president; George harris
of Merrill. Lynch 4 Co, treasurer, and
A. II. Abbott Of Hemphill, White q
Chambers. secretary.
Among the speakers were Arthur NJ.
Anderson OF J. L. Morgan & Co.. Lieut..
Morton of the Machine Gun Corps Of
New Zealand. Vice-President Wilson Of
the Equitable Life Assurance Society.
and Charles s. Mitchell. president Ma
tional City Company.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28

Coffee Cables-Rio Us reis lower than last
price received, with IS quoted at 4s75.
Exchange. IL sl-scd. s-3ed. higher. Receipts.
5000 bags, and stock. GIT. 900 bags. In Santos
spots were unchanged at $500 for No. L. and
futures were unchanged to 50/reis lower. Re
ceipts, 4i,ooo bags, and stock. 1884, bags.
last year and G., 900 two years ago. Sac Panio
had AZ, 900. against 5000 and 5000. and
Jundishy. q, 600. against 5000 and 40 900 bags
respectively. Brazilian coffee statistics:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
THE YALE s T0wNrs M,NuFACTURING
EAMRANA

\ special dividend, No 9s. OF i've per
cent, t5ce) has been declared By the Board
of Directors out Of past earnings, payable
October 10th, To Stockholders Of record at
the close OF business October LIST.
j. II. TOMNE. Ssoretary.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
BOSTON CURB CLOSING.
Customs Receipts s4e7, s4s.

Receipts for duties at the Custom
House yesterday were 3467.845.s2. of
which $lo7.s47.lS was for merchandise
withdrawn from bonded warehouses and
s359.s9s.s7 for recent importationa
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
CHARLES H. BALDWIN, cshIw.
September a5th. 1918.
Superior Steel CORPORATION

A. the regular meeting OF the Directors
or the superior Steel Corporation a quar-
torly dividend of lh9e was declared on
the Common stock. Tho dividend il pay
able November LIST, 1918. to stockholders OF
record October 18th, 1918.
c. II. FORSTER,
Secretary
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28

KANSAS CITY, Mo-, Sept. 27.-SIxty
members OF the French Foreign Legion,
|copmanded by Capt. Maurice Chastenet
de Gerry. arrived here to-day In con-
nection with the Fourth Liberty Loan.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
THE FIFTH NATIONAL BANK
AE IHE lllA NE NEW AARk

Now York, stptem0er 20, lylt,
Al meeting of the Board OF Directors
held this day u quarterly dividend OF
Three Per Cant. upon tho Capital stock Of
this Rank was declared, payable on and
after october let, 1918.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
COTTON STATISTICS.

Quotations Unchanged.
Sugar and Old Metals quotations were
unchanged yesterday.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
JONES BROS. TEA CO.. INC.

At meeting OF the Board OF Directors.
held today. dividend OF fifty cents go
eonts) share was declared on the Com
mon stock, payable October 18th, 1915, to
stockholders Of record October /, 1918
ALBERT DOERLE. Secretary.
Sent Pr 1919
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
WEsTERNPOWER CONFORMATION

The Board OF Directors have declared a
quarterly dividend of 60 on the preferred
stock, payable october Is, 1918 TO stock
holders OF record at tho close Of business
September 30, 1913.
II. p. WILSON, Secretary
New York. September &c. 1878.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
PennsyIvanis Crude OH Market.

ON Crrr. Pa. Sept. 27.-credit ball
snees, -; runz ia 0642 barrels: aver
ago. sl.a2s; shipments. +4.S2s; aver
aye, bt,e4a.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
NEW YORK STATE BoNDa.

Form, Rate and Maturity.
S SssRI.ssrs ~ ~ San JAM s''' iss...
fRSe sR i,ss, Sept. isss.
Coupon avs, March, 1855; I:
Registered AVS, March, 1865
coupon AVS, Jan; 1885 80:
Coupon trsh JAM 1915 ian; az
Coupon Is. iseo.s2. Canal. i.
Registered u. lseo-s2, Cana
Coupon 10. 1851. Hway.
Regis. 10. ie6s-62. HwAy..
Coupon ~. jan. 1916. .....
Registered n, jan. 1916. n.
Coupon ~. jan. ball..
Registered d. jan. 49,.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
nice Of Tho United Ga. improvement Co.

N. w. Corner Broad and Arch Streets,
Philadelphia, Sept H. 1915
Tho Directors have this day declared a
quarterly dividend OF two per cent 81 90
per share, payable October. Is, 1915, to
stockholders OF record a. the close of bust
ness Sept ~. 1918 Checks will be mailed
J. w. NORRIS. Treasurar
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
The Public National Bank
Of New York

New York, September 80. 1918.
The Board of Directors of the Public
National Bank of New York has this day
declared q dividend OF three per cent ON
tho capital stock OF this Bank, for the
quarter ending September S0th, 1913. pay.
able September 50, 1918, to stockholders OF
record on September 2sth, 1913.
CHARLES H. BALDWIN, Cxhix.
AMERICAN BEET SUGAR COMPANY.
THIRD NSTALLMEST OF DIVIDEND
ON COMMON STOCK.
Notice Is hereb by given that the third in
stallment, amounting to Two t2.00) Dol
lars per share. of tho dividend OF Eight
1s.0Ol Dollars per share, declared Febru-
airy 9Th. 1915. on the Common Stock of the
American Beet Sugar Company, 10 payable
on October Slst 1918. to Common Stock
holders Of record at the close OF business
on October nth. 1918. Cheques win be
mailed
c. C. DUPRAT, Treasurer
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
THE HANOVER NATIONAL BANK
NJ llaa llIX Of Nm. Aa.l-

New York. September 20, 1919
Tho Board of Directors have this day de-
clared a dividend OF SIX PER CENT, ana
an extra dividend OF TWO PER CENT,
payable on and after October list, 1913.
The transfer books will remain closed until
that date WIN. T., CABLE JR. Cashier.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-09-28
OUT OF TOWN MARKETS
CHICAGO.
BALTIMORE,

5000 Chi ny series u 70. Is 5s Is 5S
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1918-10-10

Mrs. Dave Bairey and little daugh-
ter spent yesterday in Elkton. visiting
friends.
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1918-10-10
BIG LAND DEAL CLOSED

Yesterday at the Bank Of Bookings
occurred the final settlement for the
purchase Of the big Rosedale Colony
farm, recently sold by the Hutterische
Society to local people. This big farm
is composed of 5000 acres of the fin
est farming land in Hanson county
and is one of the choicest TINT was
owned by the Mennonites. Jacob Hof-
er, the manager, and Jos. Kleinsasser,
the secretary. of the colony were here
and the settlement for the land and
all the necessary final matters con.
nected with its transfer were complet-
ed. The local men who bought this
fine farming land is a company COM
posed of G.. ]. and T. I. Flittie. G. F..
Knappen, F. L. Simmons and c. Null.
enburg. Mr.. Muilenburg has been act.
ing as the manager Of the farms since
taking possession of them by the com.
pany and has been spending a great
portion of his time there. A. recent
decision by the Canadian government
concerning the Mennonites who sold
out in South Dakota and moved there
to escape military service. will com.
pei them to do as much for the war
as II they had stayed here in the Unit
ed States. A rumor is that most OF
them will return and comply with the
rulings of the home government.
The Brookings register. [volume] (Brookings, Brookings County, S.D.) 1903-1971, 1918-10-10
OFFICERS ARE NEEDED

The Register Is in receipt of a good
letter from Sergt. B. H. Schaphorst,
now stationed with the Coast Artil-
lery at Fort Banks, Mass. He says
that they have been having cases Of
influenza, but that it appears that the
worst is past and they are now wait
ing for the arrival Of more recruits.
He has had no chance so far to get
SEN across to handle the big guns in
France, for that is the kind Of work
they give the coast artillery men when
they go across, but he is living in
hopes of getting his chance. All the
men now at the fort in Boston harbor
are western men, and he thinks that
they are as fine a body of men as he
eve saw together. He tells us that
there Is a big demand for officers in
the Coast Artillery and as it is such
a fine branch of service, he wonders
why more of the Brookings county
men do not ask for assignment to it.
1t is being widely advertised in the
Boston papers that 1000 officers are
wanted and any n qualified for the
service, even though under the age
of q years, is eligible. There is, how.
ever, a necessary qualification in some
subjects, such as algebra, geometry,
trigonometry>and logarithms and af-
ter passing Mat examination a mar
is SEN to the officers school Men
who have been given deferred CLASH
ication can also apply for these
schools and for them it is a fine OPP
p%ortunity to serve their country in a
materially good way. The ability to
handle trig. is the big thing in hand
ling the big guns and a man qualified
in this science of mathematics i~ ,,yst
right caliber for an officer. IS .ys
that the Register is a We aepN visitor
and that from it he Q ooS" that many
of the young men peS city and U
ty have gone. He sends best wishes
to all his friends and wants them to
remember him occasionally. His ad-
dress is Sergt. B. H. Schaphorst, Fort
Banks, Winthrop, Mass.