davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16

Finally, we are coming to realize
with increasing clearness that educa-
ton has become the affair of the en-
tire nation, and that the illiterate citi-
zens of one state are menace not only
to their own state but to every state
IN the Union. The Federal govern
ment gives large grants of lands and
money to the states to aid education;
but how, one may ask, can children
attend school and work eleven hours
in mill or factory? 1t isn't humanity
o. mathematicalIy possible
II ia rare that the trainers of a new
bill can have foreknowledge OF the
actual working of the principles of
their lsw. But those who draw up the
next Federal child labor bill will know
for fact that Federal control of child
labor aOorks. The means cannot be the
control through interstate commerce..
but that some means be found, and
that speedily, is demanded by the ex-
ceptional condition of to-day and by an
aroused public opinion.
The people Of the United States de-
mand that all the children be protected
from long hours, accident and disease
not only for humanitarian purposes
but also because Americas welfare and
the future of her industry are at stake
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16

toilette, she heard the apartment door
bell ring. Then, little later. there
came cry--full of intense feeling.
piercing, almost hysterical. She rec
ognized Charlotte's voice and ran to
her.
Charlotte. livid, choking, was leaning
against the wall of her room. A postal
card, covered with writing. was in her
clenched hands
Therese, frightened, hurried to her
aid.
"Charlottel"
Charlotte turned toward her with
eyes ablaze.
"He is alive!" she calculated hoarse-
ly. eyes, Andre, my husband! He is
alive! He is prisoner! He has been
i'll for months from his wounds, and
couldn't write. He doesn't explain.
But he is alive! He is a prisoner, but
he is alive! He will come back! /
shall see him again! You understand: +:
he is prisoner, but he is alive! On
this card-that is his handwriting. 1t
is he who wrote this. 1t is he!"
She burst into a convulsive laugh, in
a delirum of happiness so sudden and
SO poignant that it absolutely trans
formed her and seemed to make her
reason totter.
"You see," she cried again, handing
the card to Therese; you see, it is he
who wrote that. 1t is hel He is
alive. He will come back!"
+ But Therese Mayville, at first dumb
with amazement, had suddenly re-
coiled. Her color vanished, her eyes
dlated. Her face convulsed with a
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16
BY Mrs. Bertha Lewis

growl, howl and scratch. His body
must be made strong so he can chase
away his enemies or ours, jump for
his food, bark for joy, growl when
danger is near, and scratch to dig
holes in which to bury his bones. Why
Is his nose so pointed and his eyes
so far back? Where does he live Z
How many legs, ears and eyes has he
The fruit, vegetables and flowers are
all growing and vari-colored. The
fruit and vegetables are good to eat
and help us grow. The flowers are
fragrant and beautiful,
Nature study will help the child to
make simple, truthful observations
upon the things about him, to ap-
preciate the beautiful in them and to
express his thoughts in his various
activities.
The habit Of accurate observation
is very important. Some authority has
said that there are few errors which
arise from wilfulness, compared to
those which arise from want Of care
and exactness in noticing things quite
easily noticeable.
In the study of nature,
1.-Do not try to teach too much in
one lesson.
2.--Notice first the characteristic
features and qualities Of whatever is
under discussion.
3.-Lct the child examine the OBJ
ject IL possible.
4.-Remember that children are more
Interested in what things. do than in
their form. ~
Let the child examine a little plant,
seed and all. Lead him to observe that
It does something: it pushes its roots
down and its stem up; 1t eats and
drinks. breathes. sleeps and wakes.
1t makes things: leaves and flowers,
seed and fruit. Incidentally, notice
the form and color that these activ-
ities give to each individual plant.
Nature study need not be dull or
difficult; 1t provides plenty Of life and
action. 1t IL mostly our own interest
that is dead or our senses that need
Quickening.
Grasp a few fundamental principles
and aature study in the home, in she
kindergarten and in the school will
become the children's delight, the
teachers friend and occupation for the
nursery to help start the youngsters in
! busy work, daily delight when walk
ing out.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16

of Johannesburg-called, by the way,
after town on the Rhine-you will
find that the ownership of these
properties is cosmopolitan-a true
example Of internationalism, includ-
ing not a little of the Teuton.
Australian metals were almost en-
tirely controlled by Germans. Trade
does follow the flag, but not neces-
sarily British trade. Over and over
again London has done the work and
Berlin has taken the money.
# the United States decides to
have an empire governed as it would
I've On lines of fair and square JUS
tice she need not expect to make
any special profit out Of it, She will
help the trade of other nations just
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16
Child Labor Again Prey of Exploiters

signed to protect the American work
man from the effect Of child labor
upon wages; in states where children
worked the competition between adult
and child tended to lower adult wages
in marked degree. 1t was designed to
protect the American consumer who,
in state where child labor is prohibit
ed had no guarantee that he was not
buying child-made goods from another
state
The states were slow in adopting
measures against child labor 1t took
seven years to raise the age limit in
Georgia from twelve to fourteen, and
even now poor children may work at
twelve. At this rate of progress. allow
ing seven years for each provision of
the Federal law, it will take until 1882
for Georgia to attain the standard of
this law And how many children will
be affected meanwhile
Moreover, the laws Of the nation
are more respected than the laws of
the state. 1t was notorious that the
state laws were universally violated
and why? Very largely because convic-
tions could not be obtained from the
courts. Under the Federal law there
was much more likelihood of convic-
tions being obtained.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16
Nations Face Difficult Test i'm Adjustment of Affairs in
Ih1na' Near East and South African Colonies-Agree
on Attitude Toward Backward Peoples

When the entire tale is told I
doubt very much whether the Ameri-
can historian who writes about Brit
lsh rule in India will accuse US of
selfish purposes. The old East India
Company has long since disappeared.
Concession hunters have no chance
whatever of grabbing land. The Of
ficials are strictly forbidden to re-
ceive from any prince or other native,
any gift, however trivial. These men
ire recruited from the highest grad
uate ranks of our universities, and in
serving India they sacrifice all the
usual amenities of family life. And
their only reward when they retire
is a modest pension.
Of Egypt much the same can be
said. And even in the case of Rho
desia, where there is chartered
company, it cannot be alleged that
the investors have made money.
Dividends have been negligible and
patriotism has been, up to the pres
ent, the only profit. I don't like the
chartered company. 1t ought to be
swept away. The late Cecil Rhodes
merely used finance as an instrument
Of craftsmanship, and the states
manship is what has survived,
You will say--but does not trade
follow the flag: Your empire brings
in business. British contractors
build railways, bridges and harbors.
That is true, but with the single ex-
ception of the Canadian preference
to Great Britain-a matter solely
within the direction Of Canadians
themselves-all our territories give
equal opportunities for trade to the
whole world.
In fact, if you take the diamond
mines of Kimberley and the gold reef
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16
Continued from. Page Six

suit is bound to be apparent later.
The boy who works in cotton mill has
only half as good chance to live to
be twenty years old as the boy out
side the cotton MILL
What is going to happen now that
the Federal law no longer protects
these children is evident from two re-
ports that were given circulation the
very morning after the announcement
of the Supreme Courts decision. The
hrst was as follows:
"News that the child labor law had
been declared invalid aroused consid-
cradle interest among drygoods men
representing Southern mills. The oper-
alton of this law has forced substan-
tial curtailment Of production in many
mills, and it was assumed that the
courts action would restore many.oper-
atives to the mills"
The second reads:
ut was announced TAT the New York
Cotton Exchange) that the United
States Supreme Court had declared the
child labor law to be unconstitutional,
a fact which will increase the supply
OF labor at the cotton mill centres Of
the country, where some scarcity
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16

eyes, yes. That's so. heard of it.
And that is what led me to come.
am almost out of my mind. Think of
it! There were many days after / re-
turned when l couldn't resnter our
apartment. No. no; it would have been
too horrible. | would have been too much
afraid. Then, since my parents are
dead, l went to live with our old aunt
Mime. Breuil, you know. I am living
with her now. But she is old, she is
mentally disordered, she is an egotist.
I feel that I bore her; and she freezes
me. 1t was she who reminded me that
I had cousin of my own age-you.
But she said that she never saw YOU"
~ don't see anybody" Charlotte VAL
gan explained gently. "For year and
a half | have lived here alone with my
memories. 1t is here that lived with
my husband, and know that no matter
where else I 60 l shall be more un-
happy. That l am sure Of"
"Oh, no, no! I shall never be able,
murmured Therese with shudder. 81
shall never be able now''-
After silence she added;
with you it is year and a half?"
"Yes," answered Charlotte with trem-
bling lips; Eyes, it is year and half.
And l didn't see my husband at the
last. He fell during a reconnaissance
which he led. His men tried to bring
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16

as much as she will help her own.
AS one instance / will give Lanca-
shire cotton. AS we found out dur
ing your Civil War, we are depend
ent for raw material not upon our
empire chiefly, but upon yourselves;
while in selling the finished product
we have three markets = nrst is
China, the second is India, and the
third is the Near East Of these
markets two ere wholly outside Of
the British Empire. Our trade with
South America is as important to us
as our trade with our own colonies,
and before the war one of our very
best customers was Germany.
Our workingmen are getting be-
hind phrases like empire and nation
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16

nj selfshness to the realities of the
case. They have outlined a pro-
gramme the draft of which is at
tribu+ed to Mr.. Sidney Webb. That
document, as | recall it, recognizes
that weaker races must be assisted
and protected by the organized con-
science of mankind.
In the cases of the Philippines
Americans have realized this and
have accepted administrative respon-
sibility. Few Americans welcomed
that task. Many would even now
like to be relieved Of it, but the
brotherhood of man is a doctrine
which carries with it inevitably the
white mans burden. That ought not
to be a burden laid by the white mar.
on the shoulders of others, but a bur-
den lifted by the white man onto his
own shoulders. We who live in great
lv favored lands should bear our part
in carrying away superstitions,
prejudices, cruelties, miseries Of
others who are still stumbling
through darkness to light.
In this spirit, let US consider GER
tain actual problems which will con-
front the Allies when the war is
ever. There is China, which country
has been a prey for profiteers. DR.
Culick suggests that any properly
constituted league of nations should
contain special commission to deal
with concessions granted in China
often as result Of bribery. Inter
rational assistance is thus what
China needs.
Americans will do we'll to study
Mesopotamia, Palestine and Ar
menia. l was talking the other day
with Professor Dutton, who asked
me whether | did not think that the
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16
Trichinosis

+. HIS there any preventive
against infection with trichina?
Yes; the most radical preventive Is
abstention from pork. For the swine
are often infected from the trichinized
rats eaten by them, and trichinn select
by preference the psoas and iliacas,
the diaphragm, the loins. the tongue
and other parts of the swine most.
priced as food. But if you can
not abstain from eating pork, see at
least to it that the meat in cooking be
subjected to a very high Temperature,
for 90 degrees centigrade Of heat ef-
fectually destroys all trichina. There
is simple test for ascertsining the
temperature in meat from the condi-
ton Of the muscular pigment. If on
squeezing piece OF boiled or roasted
meat there appears over the cut sur
face turbid LIQUID, then the required
temperature Of 56 degrees has rot yet
been reached. 1t has been exec sdcd IL
the liquid is clear. At 10 to 72 degrees
the fluid squeezed out will show e
brownish red, and at 72 degrees light
yellow color.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16
BRITAIN

whole of Turkey should be placed
under benevolent control. In Egypt
certainly law and order have helped
the many Moslems quite as much as
the few Christians. An ideal solu-
ton for the Near East would be an
American protectorate, following on
the lines Of social service and educa-
|tion already pursued by American
missions in Armenia and Constanti-
nople. In any event, the great pow
ers will have tc organize safety for
life and property in these regions.
Africa is another case. It makes
no particle of difference to England
whether or not the German colonies
are handed back to the Kaiser. This,
however, is matter on which South
Africa, and especially the Dutch
population represented by General
Botha and General SHUTS, feels very
keenly. They are afraid that Ger
many would arm the natives and so
rend Africa in twain. They are as
determined to establish the United
States Of Africa as you were deter
mined to establish the United States
of America, and they decline alto
gether to bargain away the destinies
Of Africa in order to obtain peace in
Europe. Natives in Africa have had
hard time Of it. Slave-raiding was
followed by the rubber business, and
the rubber business is accompanied
by rum. All kinds of abuse of power
should be sternly repressed by an in
ternational authority, and no nation
should be permitted to exercise SOW
ereignty over natives which fails to
observe the dictates of humanity.
In saying this / am making no
selfish claim on behalf of Great Brit
ain. On the contrary, I submit that
no country could have shown an ex-
ample of more complete disinter-
estedness in this war than England
We have lost enormously in men
money and mercantile marine. We
have gained nothing except taxes
and sorrow.
come finally to the case of the
Pacific Islands. This again is not ar
English question. 1t is a matter fol
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16
AFTER-TIE-WAR DUTIES or y. S. AND

colonies began their existence under
governors and officials. They now
govern themselves. 1t is possible
that in one or two cases they will try
to govern other people, which will
have nothing to do with England.
This evolution from tutelage to
liberty is proceeding all over the
British Empire, sometimes slowly,
sometimes quickly. The most diff
cult case is that of tropical Africa,
but even there, in Uganda, the mis-
sionaries have assisted the magis-
trates and established a Christian
civilization. Some years ago l spent
a week end with the young King of
Uganda, whose dynasty is, l believe,
nearly thirty generations old. He
and his suite attended an English
church and shared meals with an
English family in the country home
of Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, whose
grandfather led our movement to
free the slaves.
The word empire undoubtedly
means rule. For this reason Cen
eral Smuts said recently that there
is no British Empire in that sense.
There is a system of education, and
nowhere is it working more swiftly
than in India. During the last ten
years the progress of India has been
rs rapid as the progress of Russia,
but with this difference-the govern
ment of India has kept in touch with
the people and moved forward with
the people, SO that the fabric of So
eiety is still intact.
1t is the aim Of England to keen
the peace in India between Buddhists
and Mahometans until that vast
country, with it's two hundred and
fifty millions of people, emerges as
the United States of Southern Asia
each province enjoying it's own
form of government and all acknowl-
edslng one loyalty to the country as
a whole.
Some provinces may retain their
ancient monarchical institutions.
Others already enjoy legislatures
which are as representative as the
British Parliament was in 1776.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16

W. ARE all aware ,ssrs that bat for Sr.n some me
ever increasing demand among
educators for better understanding of
things from the things themselves by
actual experience, instead Of merely
through book knowledge.
Songs and stories about nature, for
Instance, though they are very nec-
essary and very beautiful part of
work with children, are not nature
study, but merely a means of empha-
sizing the things which have been OBJ
served by the child and of aiding him
70 express his thoughts of these things
Ia simple, beautiful language, motion
and rhythm, Each new song or story
ABOUT the object under observation is
'he opening of new door into the world
o. nature and should lead to fresh
observations.
There Is nothing so dead to child
az a preserved specimen. Nature study
aeals with life, and life appeals to the
vitality in the child. Ii specimen is
used, be sure it is live one or good
picture (the preserved specimen should
ns the result of the lesson, not the
basis of III.
We live in world Of living nature.
"ast do We know Of the grass under
VIZ feet. the trees OF forest and plain,
sae insects whose apartment houses fill
ue dead twigs, the birds which nest
y the woods and ill the world with
music, the stars overhead, clouds. rain,
aaii' wind, mist. dew. or the sun which
se'aes over all? The study Of nature
ass TO DO with living things or things
mat are doing something. The stars
@e 'swinkling and making light The
sa0w'iakes are falling, making patterns
sao bringing as messages from fairy
lsnd
'ne birds are hopping, flying, sing
K' building nests, laying. eggs and
ses0lag their young. The worms are
saving and ploughing the ground
sa0 SO helping TO make things grow,
.sssy Is our pet; she is good COM
psay and viii play with US and purr
ash happy. The dog is our friend;
s. guards the house at night and will
~. ''s'ap and do tricks for US. bark,
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16

him back. But the terrain, which was
mined, was blown up. And"--
Tears choked her voice. Therese
threw herself in her arms and they
wept together, each one feeling little
consoled at not weeping alone.
Three days later Therese Mayville
came to see Charlotte Valgan again,
and remained several hours. The day
but one after that she made a third
visit, and from then on came every day.
A grave and tender friendship united
the two young women, and their part
nership in sorrow created bonds be-
tween them which grew in strength
Finally. since Therese continued to
complain bitterly of the old lady.
atrabilious and egotistical, with whom
she had taken refuge and who showed
so little pity for her. Charlotte offered
her half Of the apartment at Passy,
which was very large. and several
rooms of which were unoccupied
Thereafter they lived the same life,
suffering less because suffering to-
gether ard because the circumstances
of each ones bereavement were the
same. Each became profoundly CRATE
ful to the other for the relief which
their association brought.
Thus months passed.
One winter morning, as Therese May
vile was in her chamber finishing her
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16

arrangement between America and
the sister commonwealth of Aus
tralia, which is, in all save name. a
republic with states coordinated Ike
your own You have the Monroe
Doctrine, which has forced you to
deal, with the Caribbean Sea. Aus
tralia is equally concerned with her
Monroe Doctrine. She has, like the
United States, long and exposed
coast. 1t is as unpleasant for her to
have submarine bases among the
neighboring islands as it would be
for North and South America to
have submarine bases in Porto Rico
or Santo Domingo. The situations
are precisely parallel. The same ar
gument applies to the Dutch portion
cf New Guinea. Holland is to-day
overshadowed by German autocratic
power.
Before the war Germany was
openly preparing to develop Dutch
ports in Europe as naval bases
against England. Is it right that
Australia should be asked to sit still
while similar preparations are made
against her integrity? New Zea-
land is also involved, and New Zea-
land is also in all essentials a re-
public. Some proposal must there
fore be made which viii furnish
good government and reasonable
safeguards in the Southern archi-.
pelago.
Americans must get out of their
minds that this is an English prob
lem. 1t is just as much an Irish
problem, for in Australia there is a
large Irish population, to say moth
ing of Scotchmen.
1t is not easy, doubtless, for Brit
ish statesmen to accommodate them
, selves to the international idea.
Hitherto we have had to work out
these problems by ourselves, without
American sympathy or assistance,
but the time has come when we all
recognize that Britain has no spe-
cisl responsibility for securing the
wellbeing of the world. That is as
much an American obligation as it
is ours. 1t is a French obligation,
an Italian obligation, and we must
work together.
Disinterestedness in the case of
Britain as in the case of America,
and / believe in every case, may be
taken for granted. It goes without
saying, and in this virtue no one of
us has any prominence over the
other; we are all alike, and we are
all human The British press and
the British people go with President
Wilson all the way in this direction,
which is indeed the direction laid
down from the first in this war by
Mr.. Lloyd George, Mr.. Asquith and
Lord Grey.
What we have now to decide is
: I hcw to put our disinterestedness in
to actual practice-what is to be
our solution for territories which can
neither be handed back to Germany
nor resigned tn chaos
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16
THE RIFT-By Frederic Boutet
Translated by William L. Mcpherson

Here th Keen pathological is
little study the psychology of grief Grief usually
The character 1t moral sinam erorcsig fhness genyat
ith
They treasure its sting They become sfy absorbed
sufering
Such the Therese Mayuu
skhed chaacterscay detached
figure the emphasis
noble resignation and of qiemd sypat joys
"neU a the losses Others
Assocat
New-York tribune., 1918-06-16

But Charlotte got no further
"I am your COUSIN" the visitor inter
rupted. "Therese Mayville. You don't
remember me? 1t is true that we have
never known each other. Nevertheless,
we saw each other once, believe, when
we were children. come now because
l am very unhappy. My husband
Pierre-he was"-
She could not utter the last word.
She dropped into a chair, convulsed
with sobs, holding her head in her
hands.
Charlotte's delicate face, framed in
chestnut locks, into which some streaks
OF gray had crept, grew very pale.
This grief revived her own grief, her
similar bereavement, her despair, which
the months which passed could not
allay. With a great effort she col
lected herself, succeeded in repressing
her own sobs, and with gesture of
consolation approached her cousin.
The latter lifted her face, wet with
tears.
II cannot, I cannot calm myself" she
muttered. II am too unhappy Think
what it meant to me when I heard the
news. He was carried to hospital after
he was wounded. When l arrived he
was still alive, and he recognized me.
And then"-
She stopped again, weeping harder
than ever. After a moment, in broken
phrases, she went on:
1--WE loved each other so much! We
were so happy! And now l am alone.
1t is frightful. If you knew"-
"I know" said Charlotte softly.