The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-04-19

VI II WHEY OiOOuSt SAfAi
warfare has ragged, lies in the
same latitude as Greenland
and Alaska 1t is not small in size,
for Finland is about as large as the
whole of France. The Finlanders
themselves speak of their land as
of lakes and granite rocks, much of it
desolate and water-logged where
winter reigns supreme for from seven
to nine months in the year At least
One-ninth of the surface is covered
with lakes and the greater part of the
thirty is arabic, but somewhat larger
amount is suited for grazing.
We think of Greenland as frozen
and desolate land, fit only for the
abode of the hardy. Eskimos writes
Nevin 0. Winter in the Christian Her
northern climate, has grown up a
hardy and virile race. Perhaps it was
because only the sturdiest could sur
vive under such conditions, for isola-
ton bred self-reliance and indus
try was necessary to existence. At
the Firms have developed a civil
lization that is unique anG or
interest 1t is not surprising, to
one familiar with the Firms and
their history, to know that republic
has been proclaimed. No people are
lxrs TTYHnls tho
autocratic rule of the czars, Finland
maintained her democratic inStitu-
tons, and it was the only part of Rus
STA where the traveller was free to
move about without having demand
made almost daily for his passport.
The Russian calendar, which is thir-
teen days behind our own, was ig-
nored, and in every way the public and
social customs differed from those of
the Russians.
The Films have always objected to
being classed as Russians. OF Mon
golian descent, they were among the
earliest of the Oriental races to cross
the Trails and descend upon the fertile
plains of Russia They were gradu-
ally driven to the inhospitable North
by successive waves of immigration.
They are first cousins to the Magyars
Of Hungary and distant cousins of the
Turk. Like the Celts of Ireland, the
Firms were never able to establish an
Independent state capable of resisting
the external pressure of TeutOn, Slav
and Turk. In the twelfth century
they were brought under the sway of
the rowing Vikings, who organized a
crusade to convert the heather Firms.
Annexed by Russia.
Since then the country has been buff
feted about between Sweden and Rus
STA. Peter the Great conquered part
of it, but the entire country was not
annexed until one hundred and ten
years ago. Then 1t was really union
and not an unconditional surrender.
The Gar took the title Of Grand Duke
of Finland, and as such he continued to
rule until the abdicatiOn Of Nicholas III.
The fundamental laws of the country
were officially recognized and con-
firned by each succeeding autOcrat,
although in recent years there had
been much encroachment on the rights
of the independent Firms in the at
tempt at classification. For this rea-
son there has been great unrest for
| more than two decades.
Until 1898 Finland had not been re-
uuired to furnish soldiers for the i'm
perial Russian army. In that year the
car informed the Diet (Congress)
that the military service must be made
TO conform to that of the rest of the
| empire. Finnish susceptibilities were
aroused, as this seemed but the open
ing wedge for the destruction of all
their liberties. The people entered up
on campaign of passive resistance.
Every man, woman and child dressed
In mourning on the Sunday succeeding