davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
Wade's Letter

Cotton Farmers NIistake-The farmers of the south have made a mistake by in- creasing theiR cotton acreage more than a million acres as compared with last year. The New York cotton factors have already figured it out and the price of cotton has lost $50 per bale. The aver age cotton planter may say that the cot ton brokers or spectators do not know how much cotton has been planted, and that their figures are exaggerated for speculative purposes. Does any one sup pose that a set of men would bet mil lions of dollars on the rise and fall of prices without knowing how much cotton has been planted and the growing con- dition from day to day? Every dry area, rain, storm or disaster is corrected on a chart every day. They have the best sys- tenn of determining the acreage planted and prospective conditions that can be devised. They have expert travelling agents, and have their reporters in every community The man who contends that the acreage planted to cotton and its growing condition are not known by the spectators from time to time deceives himself You cannot fool those who have the advantage of facilities for finding cut things.
 Flow Up 10 Per Cent.-Farmers should blow up their poor stands and grassy cottol and plant corn on the rich damp areas, and soy beans peanuts, and COW peas on the remainder. With the pres ant price and scarcity of labor, you can not afford to dig a heavy coat of grass out of 9 poor stand of cotton If the farmers of the south would blow up 10 per cent of their cotton and plant the lard to other crops, the price of cotton would immediately advance 15 per cent This is the best business proposition you will have during the entire year and now is the time to take advantage of it. You are overcropped in proportion to your labor. If the next few weeks are wet, grass will overpower you. If the season is favorable generally throughout the south and 14 or 15 million bales are made, the price will be lower in proportion than your increase will make up, and you will have had all the laLor and expense for nothing. You had better act wisely now and blow up and plant to other crops all extra grassy feds and poor stands.
 Boil Weevil Fakes-Do not spend your money for advertised boil weevil reme- dies From long experience and observa- tion the writer is of the opinion, and all best authorities agree, that there is no such a thing as an effective chemical boil Weevil remedy. Thousands of reme- dies have been tested out and proved to be founded on ignorance, superstition. or intent to make money by faking. The only remedy for boil weevils. so lar known, is good advantageous farming and catching the over wintered weevils out of the crop before squares are in Tested with eggs. This can be done by hand picking the weevils, or hot mulch c,,ltivating, and agitating the plants.
 There are few machines on the mar ket which will catch weevils if used when the plants are from six inches to foot high. If you buy machine, get the one with demonstrated merit, that costs the least money, and requires the least expense to operate. J. A. WADE,
 Com. of Agriculture and Ind.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
Flow Points

We notice that the Kaiser keeps his six sons far back of the battle line. Guess he thinks they're safer working war gar denS.
 Cotton at 27 cents will not bring a profit under present conditions, unless you also produce on your own farm the crops that feed yourself and your live stock We're learning now that the one- crop system doesn't pay.
 Are you raising fruit for market this summer? If so, remember that the profit in fruit growing lies in having your prod uct properly graded and packed for mar ket Make your plans now to do this right this year.
 One farmer with team and imple- ments can raise more vegetables than 50 'sback-yard gardeners" in the city. And, MT. Farmer, don't forget that you cut down next winters expenses by putting up your own vegetables and preserves this summer.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
Best of Whitewash

Half bushel of unslacked lime; slake With warm water. covering it during the process to keep the steam; strain the liquid 1-rough a fine sieve or strainer, add a peck of salt previously well dis solved in warm water; three pounds Of ground rice boiled to a thin paste and stirred in boiling hot; half a pound of Spanish whiting and pound of gule that has previously been dissolved over slow fire Add five gallons of hot water to the mixture; stir we'll and let It stand few days. covering it from the dirt. The whitewash should be put on hot.
 Farm readers should keep this white wash receipt, as it is one prepared and given out by the government
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
Fewer Sows Sold

Reports from the large live stock markets indicate that the rumor of general tendency to sell breed sows for slaughter is without foundation. At most of the stock yards the per- centage of sows docked for advanced pregnancy has decreased since the first of the year and is smaller for the first three months of 1918 than for the corresponding thre month of 1917 sAt a few markets larger percentage of sows than normal showed advanced pregnancy, but this appears to have been due to delays in getting cars for shipments Such showing, in normal times or in the absence of special propaganda for increasing the national meat supply, probably would not have been noticed. The United States department of agri- culture, after diligent inquiry, con eludes that not only has there been no increase in the marketing of brood sows but that the number of brood sows retained on farms has increased certainly by about 10 per cent
 The territory tributary to the Mis- souri river markets is the only sec tion in which there appears to be any ground for the fear that an unusually large number of bred sows were mar keted. and the explanation for that section is that owing to inability to get freight cars shippers who would have marketed their hogs in Decem- Der were forced to hold them until late in January. and in some in- stances until we'll in February. It is the general practice of feeders to breed all sows as soon as possible after they are turned into the feeding lot If such sows are marketed promptly, no dockage is incurred, but when there are delays, dockage for advanced pregnancy results. Under such circumstances, considerable increase in dockage does not indicate tendency to sell brood sows for slaughter
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
Household Hints

To keep ivory handles like new, go over them once in a while with wet bak- ing soda and dry quickly with a clean, soft cloth. Never put ivory in water. It will turn it dark yellow.
 By adding a little kerosene to the water. nickel plating will polish brightly
 A tablespoon of turpentine added to the rinsing water will make calicoes and ginghams like new.
 The busy mother will find by washing ginghams, percale and any shrinkable goods before making that it will save the thread her nerves and time, as hems will be put in only once.
 If clothespins are dipped in a salt water solution before pinning on the clothes they will come off without any trouble.
 Never try to wash windows with the sun shining on them, because this will leave them streaked. A little kerosene gives bright luster.
 If your sink drain becomes clogged with grease or dirt, it can be quickly cleaned by putting salt or soda down the drain (dry). Leave a while then pour scalding water into the drain. If the case is obstinate, repeat Many a plumbers bill can be saved in this way
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
Cotton Cultivation

The recent rains throughout most of
 the cotton belt of the southwest will en- able cotton growers to make a good be- ginning It will give moisture to finish planting, which has been retarded in many localities on account of drouth.
 Early cultivation should be accelerated since the rains. This is very important in cotton growing Unless the grower gets an early start on the weeds cotton growing is always expensive. Early and timely cultivation of the adaptable kind saves heeing as well as moisture. Hoeing is one of the expensive operations in To- calities where hands are scarce and ex- pensive. Where one can save expensive hands by cultication he is making real progress in economical cotton growing. Weeds should not be allowed to get a start in the cotton fields if possible. They are much easier to destroy when just germinating than later on, when their roots are well established. To do this the land should be cultivated very early. l The weeder or the harrow might be used soon after a rain, even where the seeds have not germinated the plants are l just coming through the soil. Such cul- l tivations may be across the rows where there is no danger of injuring the stand. Sweeps on the cultivators are gener- ally preferred when they can be used. They cut close up to the plants, leaving a very narrow zone, throw very, little dirt to be pulled away by the cotton chopper and leave the furrows well cov- cred to mulch the surface against rapid evaporation.
 Freuuent cultivation, as we'll as early | cultivation, is desirable for cotton. The grower should have the equipment to cul- | tivate cotton whenever in his judgment it can be benefited enough to justify cul- | tivation. Where one has such a large area in field crop that he cannot get over | the fields in time to be of great benefit much is lost.
 An alarm clock which aw311enS dead q
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
Notice to Dealers in Eggs

The following questions have been asked of the state department of az
 rlculture and industries by several retail merchants over the state The answer thereto by the department is
 given for the information of other dealers or producers who may desire the same information.
 questions; Is it a violation of the law Tor a retail merchant to ship eggs to produce dealers to be candled and the loss in bad eggs to be deducted by them? If this practice is not permis- siole under the law, are retail mer- chants who buy eggs from the farm CTS required to candle them at the time of purchase or at any time prior to sale?
 Answer: First, retail merchants can not buy eggs lease count" and ship them to produce dealers to be candled without violating the law The objects of the law, requiring the sale of only edible eggs, their edibility to be es- tabilshed by candling. are to conserve the supply of this wholesome but ex- ceedingly perishable food by stimulat- ing the producers to market their sur- plus eggs fresh and sound and requir- ing the dealers to rush them on to the consumers in cool, sound condition. An effectuation of these objects will NftS CTS on the basis of sound food and for ever eliminate the doubtful "eight to sound, two to four rotten" basis. The result will be both an increase in the production and consumption of eggs and saving in the cost and space re- quired for the transportation of waste eggs, and, as well. release more of the
 nonperishable foods for the fighting forces in France. If retail dealers or hucksters were allowed to buy eggs from the producers on the old lease count" plan-thus providing a market for unsound eggs-and dump them into the cars and onto another dealer to become responsible for their character, the purposes of the law would be de- feated. Retail merchants, hucksters, commission men, wholesale merchants and others engaged in the sale of eggs are held alike responsible under the law for the sale, offer or exposure for
 sale of any lot of eggs containing more than per cent or IS eggs to a case of 30 dozen, unfit for food.
 Second, all retail merchants are re-
 quired by law to buy only cand1ed eggs, or, if they receive uncandled eggs, to
 candle them and pay for the sound ones only J. M. MOORE Special Food and Drug Clerk.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
Long-Staple in Arizona

More than 125, 900 acres in Arizona are being planted this season to long staple cotton. The demand for this type is tremendousf the government and tire manufacturing companies being lament ably short in supply. Long-staple cot ton is now averaging 70 cents per pound, and it is more than possible the price will reach as high as s1 per pound. At pres ent prices. this variety of cotton will re- turn to the planter upwards of sl5O net per per acre. It should be stated taht the cotton planting this year is not in the nature of an experiment, only so far as labor is concerned, the soil and cli- matic conditions having been proved.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
The Farm Life

By A. Pope. Happy the man, whose wish and care A Few paternal acres bound, Content to breathe his native air In his own ground. Whose herds with milk, whose fields
 with bread,
 Whose flocks supply him with attire; Whose trees in summer yield him shade, In winter, fire. Blest, Who can unconcern dly find Hours days and years slide soft away In health of body, peace of mind. Quiet by Day. Sound sleep by night; study and ease Together mix'd; sweet recreation, Aud innocence, which most does please With meditation. Thus let me live unseen, unknown; Thus lnlamented let me die; Steal from the world and not a stone Tell WEere I lie.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
COLLECTIVE BARGAIN

The association also advocates the en- actment of legislation, both state and national, designed to encourage organi- zation for collective bargaining It in- dorses the principle of collective pur-
 chase of supplies by groups of farmers as sound economic principle, and advo- cates the rigid enforcement of existing laws and the enactment of additional laws designed to safeguard this right of wholesale purchase at wholesale rates by financially responsible groups, and de- signed tc put an end to discriminatory practices which nullify or tend to nullify the exeI else of this right.
 According to Professor Ely, the associ- ation will ask for the passage of state and rational laws favoring collective bar gaining
 | The association has adopted resolutions against the holding of wheat for mar | keting with succeeding crops in order to l take advantage of higher prices, and in favor of the purchase and storage of | food by the government for emergencies and to prevent gluts, of the announce | mcnt Of the government policy regard | ing tfe 1919 wheat crop before June 15, l 1918, and the fiXation of wheat prices at such a point as to allow for the cost of storage of wheat not needed at thresh-
 ing time
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
big saving was made on this spray by buying

cooperative marketing organizations and the more general associations formed
 for educational and social purposes.
 Many communities are not ready for CO., operative marketing activities, and ire quently a social or educational organl- zation in such neighborhood is inval- uable in teaching it's members the value of cooperation and how to cooperate. Just as child creeps before it learns to walk and run, so community has to understand the fundamentals and the
 requirements of cooperation before great results can be obtained from or
 ganization. An educational social association, when properly directed, tur- nisheS a n excellent place for full ana free discussion of organization and mar
 keting problems and in this way lays the foundation for future cooperative marketing activities.
 When the organization of co-opera-
 tive purchasing or marketing asSocla-
 tion comes up for consideration, it is advisable to conduct preliminary sui vey of the local situation in order to ascertain whether not conditions are ripe for cooperative work. Since organ
 izations founded on a well-felt need are more likely to be successful than organi- ZatiOnS which are not, the need for cooperative organization should be as certained in the preliminary survey, as well as the amount of business available, and the attitude of the people in the com
 munity toward cooperative undertake ings. The existing agencies which the proposed organization intends to replace or supplement should be studied to de- termine whether they are rendering sat- isfactory service, and information should be gathered relative to the outlets lor the products to be marketed and the sources Of supplies to be purchased.
 | The department of agriculture is glad | to advise with communities desiring to organize for cooperative undertakings.
 WRITE OWN INSURANCE
 | Farmers cooperative fire insurance companies to the number of about 1U0D are nov in existence. They have about | $500, ,GD9oG0 of insurance in force This means that the farmers companies arc now insuring more than two-fifths of all the insurable farm property in the | United States. The average cost of in- | surance in these companies is about 2u cents per hundred dollars per year.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
THE VALUE OF CORN BREEDING

your field for a test plot, as this year is sure trying one on seed corn. l am
 keeping two testers going all the time, throwing out the dead ones. I am trying
 to give my customers just as good corn as can.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
Work of Pig Clubs

The 45,000 members of the boys and girls pig clubs, says a recent puhlica- tion of the United States department of agriculture, will produce at least 10,000,- GOO pounds of dressed pork this year, # their work is comparable to those whose members made complete reports last year. Iris work is pudged to be ex- eremely important in meeting the war time demand for increased food.
 The pig club work has spread rapidly until practically every state is dolng more or less of it as part, of the gem eral club work. Twenty-one states have pig club agents employed in co-opera- tion with the animal husbandry division and he states relations service of the United States department of agriculture.
 In view of the great success attending the work thus far. and because of the great need of increasing the produc- tion of pork and pork products. the ue- partment is seeking to enroll 100000 boys and girls as junior soldiers of the com missary" for 1918. It is expected tha, every boy who can do so will raise one or more pigs for Uncle Sam and thus furnish the meat supply for soldier.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23

As ornamental trees the Japanese and Chinese persimmons are entitled to high rank. When the trees are in full leaf they are handsome without other adorn- ment. The trees loaded with orange and orange-red fruits are among the most striking objects in the garden. All thrive in California, and not elsewhere ex- cept in some southern states.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23

Every cooperative organization n should result from q widespread de- mend based on a well-fe need.
 A community which specidlizes on ore or a few products offers q more promising field for a cooperative mar keting organization than one which produces amounts of Q large mum Der Of different products. A farmer nat urIlly will devote more attention to an organization which markets his principal products thar one which handles products than one which him as side lines.
 If the services rendered by existing marketing agencies is unsatisfactory cooperative marketing organization is likely to receive hea1 tic" support tts9n if the farmers are satisfied with tGe existing system. An associat .on should be formed only waen it can per- fclm profitably some detini-e service. for an organization without q definite UT ose is not likely to accomplish ye1y much. Prejudice and misconcep- tie make very insecure foundation for Cooperative effort
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23

M. Mauduy, a French naturalist, saw in 1922 q heavy shower of rain, mixed With toads the size of walnut. This occurred more than league from any brook river or marsh. Showers of fish have been reported many times in the united States. It once was recorded that during a severe hailstorm at Bow ing. eight mile seast of Vicksburg. Miss, gopher turtle 6xS inches, entirely cased in ice. fell with the hail
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
WRITE OWN INSURANCE
AGRICULTURAL LEGISLATION

H. w. Hochbaum, county agent leader, extension division, University of Idaho;
 Alexander E. Cance Massachusetts Az riculturdI college
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23
DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTION

A cooperative organization is a dcm- oeratic institution in wh,ch it is cus- tomary for all members to have equal voting power, while in nou-co-oper- ative stock company eacn share usually ha' vote. Thus the oAsis of repre- 5entation in one is men, while in the other it is money. Another principle usually followed by Go operative or Ganizations is to limit ths financial Interests of idividuals as a further safeguard against allowing one men. her [" gain control of the organization 1t Is customary for cooperative assoria- tens to admit as memocrs all who de- sire and are qualified to become mem Eers and agree to abide oy the rules. nile nonco-o operative stock companies distribute their profits in the form of dividends on their capital stock coop etatlve organizations having capital slcck make practise of limiting the dividends to a fair rate of interest on the capital invested and distribute the surplus, if any, on the basis of the btslness done through the association.
 These suggestions by specialists of the United States department of agriculture are given in Yearbook Sepate 73S 1usr issued from Washington
 mere IS close relationship between
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-23

An alarm clock which awakens dead sleepers by jarring their beds has been invented in Germany.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23
Relevant Comment
Willys on Auto Outlook

John N. WHY'S, president of the
WHY'S Overland Company. made the
prediction yesterday that nearly all
the big motor plants of the country
will be back to full normal produc-
tion by next summer and should be
on a 100 per cent basis in making
cars by spring, if materials are avail
able
"Our plants arc to work out of
munition contracts as rapidly as
possible" said Mr.. WHY'S. "and in
crease the output of automobiles as
fast as materials can be secured. AL
though little time will be necessary
in making the transition from war
to peace basis, less disruption will
be caused than when the transition
was made from peace to war
basis"
Mr.. WHY'S stated that the WHY'S
Overland Company considered the
recent purchase of the Moline Plow
Company as especially opportune, ow-
ing to the large demand for farm
tractors. both in the United States
and Europe The Moline plant, he
said, is already 5000 tractors behind
orders. Referring to recent develop
ments in airplane manufacture, in
which he is interested as president of
! the Curtiss Aeropane and Motor Cor
poraton. Mr. WHY'S predicted that
boats will be crossing the Atlantic
and be capable Of carrying mail, mer-
chandise and passengers to European
countries
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23
Buyers Await DEVELOPMENTS Is

Capacity being released by the shift
ing of the country's bus p sss from a
war to peace basis is being turned
readily to civilian needs, says "Brad-
streets" in its review of the week.
1t is pointed out, however that price
uncertainties are delaying civilian
buying for distant periods. Cooler
weather and waning Of the influenza
epidemic are helping retail trade in
the North and West. The removal of
embargoes on exports is expected to
help the cotton situation.
"Dun's Review" says that desnito nm =
certainty and hesitation conspicuous
disturbances are everywhere absent
and adds: "That there is much Of
the spirit of caution manifest. with
operations mainly limited to imnediate
and we'll defined requirements. ia not
an ar indication of lack of confidence in
the future. tut rather of doubts AS 10
me exact nature and scope Of the
new conditions"