davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
IN TEN MONTHS WAR BILLS

In ten months the United states has expended a lit
ue over seven billion dollars for war purposes. Hail
of that immense sum has been paid out in loans 10 our
associates in the war. This will be repaid. with interest.
hence 1t cannot properly be charged up as = war ex-
pense. The other half represents actual war outlay.
There will be- some salvage out of this. because not
all tho outlay is for %perishable goods. The government
has invested some quite large sums of material Of one
kind and another, portions of which will doubtless be
on hand after the war, and while we will undoubtedly
maintain a military establishment, it will not be of such
size as to require all the material which we collect for
purely war purposes. Government plants Of various
kinds arc being built, and some Of these will be avail
able after the war for the ordinary industries Of the
country under either government or private manages
ment. Hence. while the expenditure has been enormous,
measured by the standards with which we are familiar.
we have not yet prepared for the scrap heap the vast
iquantity of property which would be indicated by the
quoted figures taken alone. f4&tt
We mayaexpect our expenditure to increase for some
time rather than to diminish. When most Of the crit
icism of our management is sifted down It resolves It..
self into the charge that We have not spent enough
money. That Is, we need goods for war purposes more
than we need money. We have not provided all the
arms and munitions and equipment that we need, and
1T it had been possible to buy more. that is. to snend
the money for more, and get the goods, we should have
done 30. s ~ e> .4e-.t $50
We will continue to use the dollar term for the pur-
pose Of measuring our activity. 1t is a convenient term.
but not. entirely an accurate one. Under the conditions
existing in the United states today money ID the easiest
Of Al things for the government to raise. When there
- = possibility OF obtaining that which ID needed for
she prosecution Of the war. whether the cost be miricns
Or billions. the money win be provided. II. lie not 50
10y to got fuel. and oil. and food and metals and var
i h things to the places whore they are needed and to
DO 20 promptly.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06

hannsn n.y. pnish - ~ pw..is
.r.s 1a4ta.n snSnn ISL ~ G,s.t
tn-h. Eiilah 49, osn !. - : :
IL ~. 'a,, X ~ g.
Eciaii.t - - -tth tha s-vr.n.inr -
+ sahIn ~, ~ ~ e.ns n ..n,.n .haUt
the prsr IN tax aii. car was
,.nstsX- ~ IA - -enaa,,e. ~" VS.
After thrae 49,. ~ Esr ho~,o,,ar
: Kit da',aien.S :. h.'sa,i;. 80
70 1p-'s - y = . '" oe'atts t .
Th. -. ior,.,, -. s,ht.a
-nrtin,,nS ~ s,,rnert * Gsi.snss -
rrnm as he - s.pPos =, a a11 s kaascr sn pro,
as tho minority, however. deyeloped
lopposition to III nroeram ~ indenni.
Ties ana III srhass +n,o
rrnnns have nnr, ,,uited ~ Ear,n em ~
ana arc dan, n1inr no % 80 go ns1n
Thev hrc,,rh+H aSos,t ~. .+,,,,
IN ths emnire sfsecttrp evsr ~r1itin
lniants, - q :, M
~S.
mere maybe no olrect ~nec
Detwecn the conservative SOCIALIST
PaTly.o o. Ing q rAdlcal In
dustr1al Workers oI rs Worio qI Rus
sly, 0uI Is IeIInan
az uo.ll Oh lIsp!ratson a
seeing Wnat ~ zen zone IN Russia.
Wlhn tIe h aLtlL4oe OF tne
Austt1an 1VeInEnnent toMArd peace,
nut q cn1rar "a into the snrisIist ~
Earmanv hcrstnfnra rndresmn ~
nnr1nr thee wars III =, ne
schieaer,ann soc3s 1i.t. rave rsver tirs
lea of.doing evil deeds for their kaiscr
Committod To the kaiaerss Man ~
world conquest themselyns. they new
ertheless nraached itsr,
and peace "a the sociaiists AZ other
nations. They urged union Il nome
and dissersion abroad. Their attitude
was Is plaSnHas II thew had aid in
~ MANY vords To the -sociaiist Of nth-
r. lands. ~ T.s
we Will keep on lighting for the
kaiser. hut q kenn out az the war
! Crinnle vour -rovernmenf Make vn,,r
country helpiess before GERMANY,
Helm the German aMtncracv "a Win
the fteht aeainst' emocracv'. -
And the saddest mage "a ~ h,xtorv
NJ American Sncis liam heara >the rec,
ord Of how some Of theIeadars az /.
marty in this country nain,ittnd thenos
selves 70 he ,,sed ~ fmrther the erds
al Ia iser;S aocis lia4. 80 NS -
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
PETROLEUM SHORTAGE COM.
PLANTS. d

The Munchener Post (oct. 13)
states that letters pointing out the
of petroleum are increasing, and
in publishing the following extract ex-
horts those. responsible to do their
duty:
IA workman's wife describes the
state Of affairs as follows: Things are
wretched with us. We have no gas
and no other kind of light. I have
been able to obtain 2 liters OF petro-
burn a light only in the Kitchen, the
oil was used up October 4. Now4we
have no more light, and life is UNI
bearable. Ny husband comes home at
1880 p. M, my daughter from bust
ness at 8, and there is no light! It is
the same with all the inhabitants Of
U house. Something must be done.
We can not continue to exist like this"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
fBy victor Aforsan.)

Editor OF Inc CIeVeIaD0
Copyright, 1913. BY the Newspaper
Enterprise ASsoctation.1
II Bo1shevikism should come into
control in Germany 3s
1t would find no vast dfSoryanizA-
! ton aS in Russia; industry At 6xes
and sevcrs; commerce and transport
ttation in q tangle.
It. would find. ready to. hand the
most nearly perfect organization and
centralization of production and dis
tribution ever seen In this world
more perfect perhaps, than even Karl
Marx dreamed of as posstbls.
Every fine Of production in n1snl-
facture ana In agriculture Is either
operated directly by The government
mean the same thing. The same is
true of transportation and all other
elements in distribution.
In short, tho Germans = today.
through their government, are manu-
featuring and farming and distribute
ing the products thereof as a nation.
and not as individuals.
conception and its development in
evil-in the lust for power and world
conquest. Every urn of its wheels is
for hate. bloodshed and aggression.
1t is. however, exactly the machine
that the Bolshevik and his American
tMw an,x me. noustrla Morke . the
"r thst zen .eliins us - Inet ono
make brotherly love a world practice.
III. I nsslsvsk ~ Una
~. ~ 1919 14Justmcn sn.s
n ~" upe,stsu an q anLeIes1s oI =
nvorE ~ - ~ ne%I .n; : con1o % 1nsoe 70
rs-.s ing sol!srs.
~ halnnty rs macn'ne be N
ING nanos OF the most methodical ana
orader peopae. IN Inc Wor.o;.As g new
~ "a ~ ~ sos.ssy, o.nsy.Ais Woulo
nnnst tverehin ~ unosearr the
"iJ - paxTraphe y conaitions A
.ha nols.1evikasm !. snoula oYertnrow
~ - ..ssSI .Sssnt Willy .sGanu OUT
~ ~ ntr;h,, niot tsyMssaa pe1iect instance
,s't.DutlNe Jusu -a -. 4. s
For the .Gern1an autocracy is large
~ responsible for. the rise ofatho Boil
sheyiki to power in Russia. German
agents preached the doctrine zunceas-
insly IN al b large centeEs of Rus
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
"LEST We FORGETo
Irving Bachcner in the out.ook:

Irving Bachelor in the Outlook:
The shouting and the tumult dies
The captains and the kings depart
Still stands Thine ancient sacrifice,
An humble and a contrite heart.
Lord God, Of hosts. be with US yet,
Lest we forget-lest, We forget.
Lest we forget the innumerablc
dead who have nobly died. and the
host of the living who with q just and
common sense and love OF honor have
sent them forth to die. Lest we for
get that we and our allies have not
been above reproach; that there were
signs Of decadence among us-in the
growing love OF a 3 and idlenem, in
the tango dance of literature and lust,
definite degeneration of our moral
fiber.
Lest We forget that our spirit Is be-
Ing purified in the furnace Of war and
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
INCREASED PETROLEUM RATION
IMPOSSIBLE.

The vossische Zeitung (Oct -
states that hopes of a more generous
supply Of petroleum this winter will
not be fulfilled.
The requirements of the army and
navy in lubricating and fuel oils is
greater than yer before. The con
siderably augmented import Of petro-
leum, resulting from the working Of
the Run1anian oil wells, will not,
therefore, allow Of its use as lighting
oil. aG
The price Of lighting oil for the
next few months is still under consid-
Grafton. A modern increase in conse-
quence of the decreased manufacture
is possible. "
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
PAPER PIPING AS SUBSTITUTES
FOR LEADEN AND COPPER
PIPES

The Centraalblad der Bouwhbedri1.
ven (Oct. 1S) reports that
aYnari,nents have been made recently
in Germany with piping manufactur-
ed chiefly Of paper. It has been prov
ed that paper pipes have three or four
times as much power Of resistance
against interior pressure as leaeen
piping. and weigh only about one.
ninth as much. They have only about
one-sixth Of the solidarity Of copper
pipes. and one-seventh Of their weight.
Paper piping equal in weight to cop
per pipes would be equal to them IN
solidarity also. If the paper pipes are
well glued they should nave sufficient
power Of resistance to be used as a
pipes.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
SHORTAGE OF AGRICULTURAL
MACHINERY.

It is becoming more and more diff
cult, says. the Deutsche Tageszeitung
tOct. 18), for the war economy offices,
whose task 1t is to promote agricul-
tural production, to supply sufficient
machinery and implements. An Off
cial announcement attributes this to
the lack Of sufficient skilled worknen
n blames the subordinate offices for
not complying with the rules for the
release of such skilled workmen from
the army.
The Machinery Protection Union
replies to this announcement that the
authorities are, making the mistake Of
supposing that amalgamation and
capitalization Of the manufacture Of
machinery can cur a. sufficient sup
ply OF machinery for the farmers. All
company interference with the regu-
lation ofstrade in these machines
mould be avoided. The requirements
IN Inherent districts vary so greatly
out Of the question. Expert knowledge
is needed, and acquaintance with local
agricultural conditions.
"a requisition and distribution Of
the machines in existence would be
impraeticable.pO neameasure, shpWever,
is necessary. lie, to set. outtreliable
satisfies for; The prpduHtlsSnasaf asrr1i-
would. afford alssufficiently thS&F. notfS6Tni
g toethe kinds Of machinery which
production has advanced Tor declined.
W~hat#kinds at the present tine are
no urgently needed and most diff
Lcult 7 . be had are known, and the
manufacture 'of these must take the
first place. But such anetmportant task
can not b e carried out by any office
as g. kind OF secondary work."
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
pELIVERY oE FIAx.

The Deutsche Taeeszeitung (sept.
full use GU Of the fibers, which in
war-economic interests is SO neces-
sary. fax straw must not be threshed,
and that the prescribed prices a not
be paid for threshed flax. The use Of
ripping combs is strongly recom-
mended. For flax straw, rippled and
packed according to regulations, 50
according to quality, viii be paid.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06

l..HesE Pr Er..Hf fL.1 E' 81 ELA HL.. -#-L F
the shadow OF death. Do you remem
Der the protest Of those poilus when
some unclean plays were sent to the
battle front for their entertainment?
I'VE are not pies''-that was the
message they sent back.
Lest we forget that the spirit Of
man has been lifted up out OF the
mud and dust Of the battle lines. out
Of the body tortured with pain and
WEAKNESS and vermin, out OF the close
companionship Of the dead into high
association on the bloody altar Of lib
erty n sacrifice.
Lest we forget that the spirit OF our
own boys shall be thus lifted up, and
our duty to put our house in order
and make it a fit place. for them to
live in when they shall have returned
to it from battlefields swept, as a sol
dier has written, by the cleansing
winds of God.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
CLIPPINGS FRoM GERMAN PAPERS.
, .. vos,tsche Zeitung toct.

,mand, the Vosstsche AeAluA
~ adds the saucepan. ,as nre-
-. nn SIa h have been. strongly rec
sommended. II does not mater matte a 80
much that the boxes themse i've d aT
hard to procure. as they are .oeu ea t.
Tor most housewives, who prefer no 70
make them Themselves. Iney ca - A.
into them. which must be thiekly
,enameled and without side handles.
nun saucepans. and the demand tor
substitutes for these is 50 sreat ina ~
they are unobtainable. one 'a1 1sctorv
refused saucepans at n lactoly
where she had originally. purchased
her cooking box and. aluminium sauce,
pans on the, ground that they could
not be sold without the box. This ne-
havior on the part Of q leading hrdn
to an old customer deserves 4 p''lc
|.n. --MTEN N~..l-sHzE -tE-I.A
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
APPROPRIATION OF PEWTER
APPARATUS IN AUSTRIA.

The Vienna Neue Freie Presse (oct.
- reports that, according to an order
Of the ministry Of national defense,
all pewter tubes. connections, mount
ings, and similar parts of beer press
ing and beer drawing apparatus in the
possession of manufacturers and deal
ers. and also Of industrial concerns,
are appropriated for war purposes,
whether they are in use or not.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
LEAYEs As
APPROPRIATION AND DECLARA-
TON OF NETTLES.

The Volksfreund (Oct 81 says that.
as the question OF the use Of singing
regarded IS solved, the. cultivation Of
nettles has been placed on q foot
ing. .a
""Ah order. published on october 2
expropriates collected nettle stems,
nettle fibers and spun yarns, as well
as waste Of these articles. An excep-
ton is made for supplies for contracts
for the army or navy. The order also
provides for the declaration Of stocks
OF these articles"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
DIFFICULTY IN OBTAINING
SAUCEPANS.

TO the list Of articles recommended
for 5 during the war, but Of which
the stocks are unable to meet the de-
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06

We hear q good bit about those
little groups Of sincere thinkers in
New York. How about the little
groups Of sincere drinkers?
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
THE AMERICAN FRONT

ohaoial publicity 10 now given to the fact that the
American forces in France occupy a section Of lire near
the Lorraine border. Heretofore all mention Of tho DO.
sdtion of our troops has been omitted in order that i'm
pcrtant military information might not be given to the
snemy. The war department Is convinced that by this
time the Germans know where the American troops are
Therefore no harm can BE- done BY publishing that in.
Formation in the United States.
Occasionally when a highway robbery il committed,
or = safe blown. or . train held up, the Newspaper. near
ne scene OF the crime are urged by some local sleuth
10 say nothing about the matter for fear that the Grim.
4tnals will discover that somebody IL after them ana thus
~ put on their guard.
The suppression OF oncial Information ana "a the
@lscation OF the American troops appear. 70 be based ON
similar reasoning. when ws were Arut informed th.t
american troops had been given preliminary trrenoh
RAINING on "a quiet sector. there W. no question IN the
minds q any who had been following the coui11. 81
sn snsn1 - = . where that sector wa. CornpStents milf
sasy critics pointed out that for various reasonS vh,ch
swsfsSskneSn III over mo world thas lit 81 nn,snu., 81
800 60 = whore The AnaericAAas 10 novsssaaaS vs. 81,
- 4eH1 6spssaistions convsysd no inse,nation " fhs3 sa-
sy.Sheceaats the enemy knsw ~ wsll ass4id oarr ID.
MetttAs w1tAt wsrs ~ ssnssaa c~onlidonss 81 various
SSNAakaae# q ~ In. - Snsmy has captursdsA nsricarnns
H. AS 49, one trsAcA TIN. 80 Il ~ h1d npsodass -
SS1Sttcn a would Az s zNAir IAfsRssacs ffhasStAsse 1sre
Ans ssss - 81 ahsss 800 e -.
sage.sNs sz s.Sg .a.tssIsyN
q,
sssl s.s .g.g q. \
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
PROHIBITION OF CENTRAL
HEATING IN DRESDEN.

,15) says that the. Conservative sdepu-
:mitted ths. isiloatns sasssa ssaaeipn su q
the coal question:: r. :
lis the state government aware
that the Dresden municipal council,
by an order on October IL, has pro-
hibited the use OF. central heating in.
stallations in households Until further
notice? What does the government I'M
tend to do to counterfeit this. measure,
which threatens to injure the health
of many Of the Dresden people?"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06

e ere.A5a day = not snsush. nsp.aas ~ wha. j,
thsss II - at
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
What if Bolshevikkiism Should
Overthrow kaiserism Today?

1t Would Find The Mort Perfected .aGoycmnaental Machine Ever De
y1sed For Running 9 Nation. Gays Victor lGorgan-And#ThR
M Would BE . Triumph OF netnbaGve Jnaace..IS
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
COAL DISTRIBUTION N BEnrImn

The vossische Zeitunr (sept. se,
reports that the Greater Berlin con
association hopes that the distrfhfi-
tion OF. coal in Berlin, further con-
pons for which become VIVA from
october I, will be followed about Jsn-
uary by a new coal card guaranteeinr
equitable distribution Of Tho eupnlies
men available for the rest of the ~
ter. Meanwhile, strict economy being
necessary. an order has iboen iaEusd
promoting the use Of coAlSin Greater
tober Is. - No. 20 S
Thereafter the tsmpsta.ure of !.
com may not be heated q excaed
y Celsius, For central heeAn9 In
allato coal may be used only from
81 :: m. on Fridays until midday 81
These conditions do not a.
Ply to industrial kitchsns. pubiic
o..ns. schools, factories. shefhss hoe-
p,tals and convalebcsnt hormenL
Inurcnes will receive, onoefourth *
inc amount consumed 81 them BE-
i~een March 81. 1915, NJ Aprtl i.
ao!t. reeortD maV5receiyo No
coaI 4 al without 'spscia seorrniaIon
s.om the Greater Beflin cnoi of6cG
49, nR.uA CARDS may b imanoa#i caees
wnere sxemption from ~ q : an
pears advisable 70 the tss.ocisr
ssSAs 7f W@t3 EfS sS+daEs@ 5E&ENGfasS sgts94 6 &
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
10000 HAMBURG FAMILIES UN.
SUPPLIED. /

The Hamburger Fremdenblatt
lOct. .16) contains an article entitled
Traffic conveniences or unhsated
rooms? 2" to the following effect
The stoppage Of the Alster steam
shipping has created dissatisfaction
on many sides. We will not discuss
the reason why the Alster STEAMSHIPS
Co. has not procured coke, If. as is
stated on other sides, there is plenty
or coke to be had. We also do not ifafi
to recognize the difficulties ensuing in
a town like Hamburg through the
loss of transport facilities such az the
Alster Co. offered, and the CONSEQUENT
pressure on the already overburdened,
tramway system in peace time. s
The supplying Of households with
coal seems to US o important than
the providing Of transport facilities
Everyone would rather walk to bust
S than ride ana put up with
arme rooms in consequence.s.e ].
a present there are in Hamburg
10000 households ~unprovided vith.
coal. among them households with
central heating, requiring Kitchen
coal. A reserve for the use Of synsii
is absolutely necessary, eY-
en- II the tramway and the oyerhead
railway lave to suffer. It is to be hon
ca that these concerns will not mead
be restricted, but should 1t hannen
eacn n must tell himself that IL II
easier to dispense with trafic con-
even with traffic necassd-
eles, tnan to find oneself for vSaks
Win m unWArmed dwelling" 4
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06
SUBSTITUTES.

The Jeipziger volkszeitung (Oct
sh HERBS. 1s, whienE.re e ,s "a eo o'st -. g tos nne
co, states that. besides hops the lat.
est addition to the list, rose. lime, nun.
flower; artichoke, sour, sweet. and
mahaieb cherry Leaf are m~uch-sought-
sfters articles for the substitute tobac-
co manufacture
FAIdIEN LEAVES AS FODDER.
Tho Vienna Zeit (Oct. 17) draws
attenttOns3to = recommendation thai
fallen leaves should be used as q sub.
stitute for chan In feeding horses and
cattle, to help out the great shortage
of straw and other folders.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-06

& aayoas - SrsasoeeA ~ Ar.sassasAa il ii
49, ~ aSrr1Aaaes ~ 1919 Az III IT, = 1SrraIAsaihsl,l
s~ur.savss - 49, = Jaye nsseAL 8 xeuA ~. - 60
a1srsA q ~ - @ ianaEe I'll, s>xvrsssa.A 81
New Mexico state record. (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1914-19??, 1918-05-03

ers like other farm animals to protect
him from the cold weather, or from
being sunburnt In the hot sun.
So a warm house Is needed in the
winter, especially for the brood sows,
and shade must be provided for sum-
mer.
Moreover, 1t is recognized that the
best way to keep swine healthy and
guard against the ravages of disease
is to provide sanitary conditions-a
hog house that is we'll lighted and ven-
tilated and with a smooth, impervious
floor that can be easily cleaned.
These considerations, plus that Of
the labor that is saved In feeding and
caring for hogs in a well-planned build
Ing, have made country builders pay a
good deal of attention to this class Of
work, and farmers are more and more
putting up big modern hog houses.
Advantages Are Numerous.
The advantages Of the community
house as compared with the movable
are numerous. The time and labor
required are less because:
~ Facilities for warming, feed.
Ing, watering, dipping, ringing. cas-
trating. marking, breeding, weighing
and administering medicines are more
convenient because they are under one
roof.
CO The Stunning" of the quarters,
New Mexico state record. (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1914-19??, 1918-05-03

widely scattered. Those who use the
community hog house appreciate its
convenience.
Permanently Adds to Value.
The permanent house has its evil
dent advantages. Its years of service
may be increased; 1t permits of ma
sOnry construction, SO substantial and
fireproof; its floor Is practically UNI
solid foundation, absent in the nova
BILE type, all making for a greater
substantially. Heavy winds, soaking
rains, driving hail, deep SHOWS n ex-
IRENE temperatures are more easily
withstOOd in that the structure Is nat.
urally tighter and better built gen.
orally. The havOc-wrecking tornado
is not so likely to tear the masonry.
or even the wooden community perma-
nent house from It's foundation and
supports as In the cast Of the more
movable type of structure.
The direct sunshine is usually more
practically secured in the large house
because Of the better natural advan-
tages Of greater height, wider and
longer dimensions, and bigger roof.
Greater provision can also be made
for indirect lighting, inasmuch as the
type of construction permits Of this
with comparative ease and safety. At
best it Is more difficult, because of the
extra manipulation of doors and win.
dows, to flood the small house with as
much light in proportion to the inte-
rlor as in the more ideal community
type exemplifed In the accompanying
These plans show n community hog
house containing IL pens and a large
feed room. 1t is of the half-mOnitor
Or saw-tooth roof type to face south.
The details of this building itself are
exceptionally well handled. and the
New Mexico state record. (Santa Fe, N.M.) 1914-19??, 1918-05-03
CONDEMN TYPE OF H
Layman Often Errs in Passing Judg
ment On Type When Poor Main
tenance Is to Blame.

The following is taken from a "npel
by b. II. Piepmeier. maintenance en-
gineer, highway department, state o.
Illinois. 1t touches a subject upOr
which every layman who uses the pub
lie roads should inform himself:
MANY different types Of roads
nave been condemned by the publ,
chiefly on account Of the lack of prop
err maintenance. The proper type OF
road may be selected by the engineer
but II he has no means Of controlling
maintenance his choice may be con
demned by the average layman.
"Public sentiment Is nodded largely
by the results that are evident to the
eye, regardless of the money actually
expended. 1t Is not uncommon to