davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Middletown transcript. [volume] (Middletown, Del.) 1868-current, 1918-01-19

Mr.. William Edwin Brown, a popular
druggist of fredericksburg, Md, and Mrs.
Elizabeth A. Beauchamp, of Chesapeake
City were quietly married in East New
Market Saturday morning, January IL,
by the brides brother, Rev. T. C. Smoot
The newly welded couple left immed-
lately on the south-bound train for a
trip to Florida and Cube, and will be at
home in fredericksburg after March l.
No cards.
Middletown transcript. [volume] (Middletown, Del.) 1868-current, 1918-01-19
Observation-Disclosures Wedding

Mr.. Richard Tarbutton, Of Sassafras,
and Miss Christine Luthringer, of
Philadelphia, daughter of Mr.. William
Luthringer, of Cecilton, Md, were
married at 35O7 Springdale Ave-, For
rest Park, Baltimore, Md. at 4.3O p.
m., Januery 9. by the Rev William
Schouler, former rector of Trinity P.
E. Church. Elkton, but now of Balti-
more, he having been a friend of the
brides mother. The bride wore q suit
Of green broadcloth with black velvet
hst. They will live near Sssssfras,
whers the groom i engaged ip farming,
Middletown transcript. [volume] (Middletown, Del.) 1868-current, 1918-01-19
SALES TO TAKE PLACE

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 18th, 1915
Public sale Of stock and farming imple-
ments, by Lester NJ. Nay1or, residing on
the ''Old DR.. Sites Farm. three miles
west of Middletown. D. P. Hutchinson
auc.
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 22d. 1918-Public
sale OF stock and farming implements
bv James 5. Moore, on Cochran
Grange" farm, 11-2 miles west of Mid
dletown. Eugene Racine, auc.
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10th, 1915
Put lie sale of stock and farming imple-
ments, by Thomas Lattomus, residing
on the 'Warren Farm" on the road
from the Levels school house to the
Maryland line. D. P. Hutchinson, auc.
FRIDAY. FEBRUARY 18th, l918-Pub-
lie sale of stock and farming imple-
ments by William Cox. on the road lead
ing to McCoy's Corner, west towards
the Delaware Canal. D. P. Hutchin-
son, auc.
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 18th, 1918-Pub-
lie sale of stock and farming .imple-
ments by Charles H. Dukes, on the
''Corbit Farm" on the road from
Fieldsboro to Taylors Bridge. D. P.
Hutchinson, auc.
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25th, 1918-Pub.
lie sale of stock and farming imple-
ments by Theodore Ferguson. admins
traitor of the Colen Ferguson estate. at
his late residence IN Blackbird. D. p.
Hutchinson, auc.
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 2lst. 1873
Public Sale of stock and farming imple-
ments, etc. by Louis Fennemore, on the
"Ginn" farm two miles soath of Mid
dletown. D. p. Hutchinson, auc.
THURSDAY, JANUARY 31st, 1918-Pub-
lie sale of stock, farming implements,
household goods, etc., by M. C. Lurty,
on the ed Gam" farm, on the road
from st. Georges to Kirkwood. ! mile
west of St. Georges. D. P. Hutchin-
son, auc.
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 7th, 1915
ublic sale of stock and farming imple-
ment< by Abram Ingram, on the
''Churchman" farm, on the road from
Hale's Corner to Stanton. D. p.
Hutchinson. auc.
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 18th. 1915
Public sale of stock and farming imple-
ments byJ C. Alston, on the road
leading from Middletown to Odessa. D.
P. Hutchinson. auc.
Tuesday. January 10Th 1918-Public
sale of stock and farming implements
by John E. MCLEAN, at his residence on
the road from Van Dykes school to
Van Dykes station. D. P. Hutchinson,
auc.
1. TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26sh, 1915
|: Public sale of stock and farming i'm
plements etc., by Harry c. Webb. on
the "John Bar Vandegrift" farm, on
the road leading from Riddles Corne,
to Port Penn.
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 9th, 1873
Public sale of surplus stock and farm.
ing implements, by E. II. Shallcross
ON the farm of the late James T. Shall
cross, one mile west of McDonough. I.
D. p. HUTCHINSON, Auc.
Middletown transcript. [volume] (Middletown, Del.) 1868-current, 1918-01-19
MRS. NARY SHORT

Mrs. Mary Short, wife of Eugene
Short, of near Jamison's Corner died at
her home last Saturday Of tuberculosis,
aged rs years. The deceased leaves to
mourn her death q husband and ono
small son 8 years old.
Funeral services were held 1T her late
home Tuesday morning, and the re-
mains were taken to Dover, where in.
terment was made,
Middletown transcript. [volume] (Middletown, Del.) 1868-current, 1918-01-19
Parent-T Teacher Meeting

The Parent-Teacher Association will
hold its regular monthly meeting in the
school Assembly room. Friday afternoon
January 25th, at three o'clock. Each
member is urged to be present.
Middletown transcript. [volume] (Middletown, Del.) 1868-current, 1918-01-19
Cibbs-Price Wedding

Mr.. Isaac Gibbs, Jr., o. Massey, Nd. j.
and Miss Ethel M Price, of Chester
town, Nd, were quietly married in
Baltimore, Md. by the Rev Peregrine
Wroth last Saturday at noon.
Middletown transcript. [volume] (Middletown, Del.) 1868-current, 1918-01-19

Appeals, additions and eorrec-
6oas must be made to Tie Beard Of
Aaeeeeme1k
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1918-01-04

6 per cent on commercial loans and 8
per cent for loans not under the first
two classitications.
Perhaps the high rate of interest
mentioned previously was justified
when it is considered that the law
gave every advantage to debtors.
Losses to bankers were frequent and
the high rate charged was more as a
measure of protection. Pompey, Bru-
tus and Cato all lent money at so per
cent.
1t Is often assumed that the rate Of
interest depends upon the abundance
of gold or silver. This is not the
case, as in California and Australia
the rate Of interest was extremely
high during the height of the gold ac-
tlvity. In MOhammedan countries in
terest is forbidden in the Koran. But
this has not succeeded in keeping down
rates, as in these countries interest Is
three or four times greater than in
Europe. In some parts Of the Orient
rates have gone as far as 100 per
cent.
Several centuries before the Chris
tian era bank of deposit existed in
ByZantium. In $50 A. d. a bank Of
deposit was established in China al
though some form of banking existed
In that country many centuries be-
fore. About 1900 A. d. bank of
deposit was established in Damascus ;
! in 1345 one was founded in Geneva ;
In 1401 Barcelona started its first bank
ing depository; the bank of Amster-
dam was founded in 1868; bank of st.
George in 1907 and the bank of Stock
holm in 1868.
One of the earliest banking firms of
which we have any account is said to
| be Egibi & Co. 1t was in ancient
Babylon. Evidences of its existence
were discovered in an earthenware jar,
! In the neighborhood of Hillah, few
miles from Babylon. These documents,
recorded on tablets, are now in the
British museum. Egibi & Co. are be.
lieved to have acted as the national
bank Of Babylon, and the founder prob.
ably lived in the reign of Sennacherib
about 700 B. c. Below is a transla.
ton of one Of the tablets:
Loan of five mana of silver OF
Nabu-zer-iddin, chief Of the dagger.
bearers (rab-nas-patrutu), to Belnas!r
The money to be repaid In installments
Of shekel and half, beginning in
| Nissan.
18th day of Tebet, 34th year OF
Nebuchadnezzar."
Records of this kind were deposited
In the government Office.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1918-01-04

Copyright, 1917. Western Newspaper Union.I
How many people realize that the
familiar mortgage Of today has been
handed down to us from generation to
generation in practically unchanged
form since the time Of ancient Baby
ton2
Yet this Is fact. The mortgage Is
one of those few things which has sur
vived through the long centuries
meeting the needs Of Bel Bullltsu and
Sha Nabu Shu. Babylonian agricul-
turists, and John Jones, the modern
American farmer.
This interesting discovery was made
when the Archaeological expedition of
the University of Pennsylvania dug up,
in the ruins of the ancient city Of Nip
pur, Babylon, mortgage dated 430 b.
O., more than 1890 years ago.
The following Is an accurate trans
lation of the inscription on the brick
made by a noted Assyriologist Of Chi
cago:
Thirty bushels of dates are due to
Bel Nadin Shun, son of Marashu, by
Bel Bullitsu and Sha Nabu Shu, sons
of Kirebti, and their tenants. In the
month Of Tashri (month of harvesD of
the 34th year of King Artaxerxes l,
they shall pay the dates, thirty bushels,
according to the measure Of Bel Nadin
Shun, In the town Of Bit Balatsu.
Their field, cultivated and uncultivated
6ef estate Is held as pledge for the
dates, namely, thirty bushels, by Bel
Nadin Shun. Another creditor shall
not have power over It,"
The mortgage is the most ancient
form Of investment, the first known
mortgage having been used by the
Babyionians about 1000 years B. G.
1t will be noted that the document,
which Is trust deed and note in one, is
first mortgage, as shown by the final
sentence, another creditor shall not
have power over it."
1t will be noticed, also, that specific
place, as well as time, for payment
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1918-01-04
By Francis Elizabeth Lanyon


"You're sham patriot, Jed Farley ~
"Am /? Am II" shouted the richest
man in Edgemoor. II reckon l dis
counted you two to one In subscribing
to the Liberty loan, and say! I'll make
the eyes of all of you open when the
company from the county seat comes
down here to go into camp"
"That's all right" nodded calm and
blunt Judge Warrington, "but hold
no man is patriot who neglects his
kin. especially kin that has contrib
uted its volunteer quota to the war"
Huh! What are you driving att"
snorted old Jed.
"Your nephew, Luke Farley. He's
a married man with two children and
you'd ought to be proud of him, for
he was among the first to answer to
his country's call. A fine citizen you
are, too! never going near the only
close relative you have in the world,
your own brother"
you're meddling with what Is none
Of your business!" roared old Jed.
sect up, Nancew and in high dudgeon
he gave the horse a cut with the whip
and left the judge and group of curl
Gus loiterers about him.
1t was because Jed Farley recog-
nized the justice of this public arraign-
ment on the part of the outspoken
judge that he WINGED His brother
Morton Farley, was a sore spot with
Jed. The latter was hard man in
every sense of the word. He was, how.
ever, rather precise and welded to his
ways than grasping or deliberately
cruel.
He had not spoken to his brother nor
any member of his family for ten
years. The separation had come about
through money matters. He had loaned
Morton a thousand dollars. The money
was to be paid back in two years
When it came due Morton had writ
ten to his brother, stating that he
could not repay the loan, and asking
Jed to come and visit him, as he was
very i'll, and see if some arrangement
could not be made for payment in the
future.
The unfortunate phase Of the mat
ter was that some gossiping trouble
makers had brought the report to JeC
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1918-01-04

that the money had been borrowed to
send Luke Farley to college. Now
Jed's theory had always been that no.
body but snObs wasted money on
higher-up education. The busybodies
limited at the extravaganza Of modern
college students, and Jed felt that he
had been swindled and his money
squandered. He sent back unopened
every letter he received from his
brother after that, and the break in
fraternal affection was complete.
He tried to Danish the memories the
words of Judge Warrington had
aroused. He sought to justify his ac-
ton as the correct procedure in a
strictly business transaction.
"Sham patriot, humph!" he solilo-
quized. "Tll show these meddling COS
sipers and gadders a wrinkle or two
along the patriotism line that will
startle 'em."
Herewith this strange bundle of &C.
centricity and self-assertiveness set at
work on a plan to acquit himself cred
1tably as to his love for his country.
Within few days a newly recruited
infantry company raised in this dis
trict was to march from Newton and
make camp near Ardmore. 1t had been
proposed to give them great ovation
all along the route. Jed set busily
at work to do his bit in the same.
He ordered big flag and strung 1t
across the street in front of his home.
He purchased thousand small flags
and had his man Of all work distribute
them to every house and boy and girl
in the town. He bought yards of
bunting, decorated old Nance, the
faithful horse that had been his most
reliable servant for two full decades,
md covered the wagon with it.
Quite a priced memento Of the one
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1918-01-04
gopyrIght. IgI7. Mestern Newspaper UNION:

Copyright. 1917. Western Newspaper Union.J
The ancient world, too had Its leap
tains of industry and finance" and
the story Of their struggles for success
Is every bit as inspiring as modern
business romances." Then, as now,
= difficulties of humble birth and caste
meant nothing to the determined, able
man.
There was slave In ancient Greece
who rose to be the greatest banker Of
his time. His name, Passion, Is con-
stantly mentioned in documents and
other records. While the extent of
his business was then considered enor-
nous, today we dismiss it as incense
quential. Passion Is said to have held
1884 on deposit from customers, to
have loaned $50, 1886 and to have owned
land worth $24,375. His income was
$1,000 year.
His deposits and loans appear small
In comparison with modern figures, but
the rate of interest customarily
charged does nOt-36 per cent.
Banking in Greece originally con-
sisted of changing money for foreign
ers. Later, the Greeks commenced
allowing interest on deposits. Dem
0sthenes Is said to have kept a bank
ing account.
Greek bankers were also notaries
and witnessed contracts between 9TH
ers. They were familiar with letters
Of credit and invented a form of en-
dorsement. AS an example of this, we
read that one Iceratus drew, In Ath.
ems, a bill on his father In Pontus
which was guaranteed by Passion and
then purchased by Stratocles. In
Greece the banks were located in the
temples and the latter were often used
as national treasures.
They had an instrument correspond.
ing to our check. They started the
practice of "dIscounts"-that,i Is de.
Quoting the interest at the time OF
making the loan.
The Greeks appear to have intro
duced banking In Italy. The Roman
bankers soon became very important
and Roman comedies contain many al
lusions to them. These were not al
ways Of complimentary nature, but
1t is a fact that banking In Rome stood
high as profession. All money trans
actions among Romans were carried
on through bankers and account books
of customers were kept.
In 1862 B. @. the senate appointed
persons to lend portion of public
funds, on security, to the Plebians
The Romans were even more prone
than the Greeks to charge high inter
est rates. They sometimes reached 81
per cent.
Later the rate was fixed by law ant
In Cicero's time the legal amount was
IL per cent. In the law passed under
Emperor Justinian, 52S A. D., the rate
was fixed at per cent for notables
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1918-01-04

of the debt is provided, Just as our
modern mortgages or mortgage bonds
state that principal and interest are
payable at the Tenth Trust Co.," or
some other bank.
The amount of interest is not stated,
but on all documents of this sort a
legal rate of interest was customary,
which ranged in times of peace from
II to 20 per cent and in times of war
to almost any amount.
The note matured in the month Of
harvest, exactly as American farmers,
their notes mature in October and No
vember.
Notice the words "son of Marashu"
in the above document. MaraShu Sons
were great firm of bankers In the
Babylonian city of Nippur. They made
loans of all kinds and often were called
upon to help the King of Babylon with
money.
This mortgage, together with many
other records of the firm Of Marashu
COuDy was NlSIofOkCo III lc0o. Inv
story Of its discovery Is one of great
interest.
The Babylonians were the Ameri-
cans Of antiquity. They were ma
| ton of business men. Their mort
cages, notes, deeds, wills and other
documents were drawn with great care
and along the same principles as the
| similar instruments we use today.
Lawyers did a fourishing business In
Babylon as these people were fond of
going to law and made all transfers
of property a matter of record. Not
only did they invent mortgages, but
| leases also.
One interesting lease demised a field
and fish pond for the term of year.
The lessee made first payment of one
talent of silver and in addition, as
| ground rent, agreed to furnish the
| lessor with q mess of fish for his FAM
| lily table every day.
Another lease transferred piece of
improved property for sixty days, the
ground rent being paid In advance and
the tenant being guaranteed against all
claims of whatever nature.
All these documents were inscribed
on bricks made of clay by means of a
wedge-shaped instrument, the various
combinations of wedges making up the
alphabet. These wedges have given
the name to this particular style OF
| uritip0 which 10 poI1p6 Hann ni form u
from the Latin word "cuneus," q
wedge.
l suppose If the Babylonians had
safety deposit vaults they would not
have considered it necessary to insure
the preservation of their records thus
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1918-01-04
Tho Broader Thrift.

Laying aside a few dollars each
week does not necessarily make one a
thrifty person. Thrift means so much
more than merely saving money-it
means personal efficiency-it means
plans-it means self-cOntrol-it means
foresight-it means prudence-it
means sane and legitimate self-confi-
dence--it means all that makes for
character. 1t Is as much removed
from miserliness on the one hand as
1t is from extravaganza on the other.
AS we build the ideals of thrift, we
build character.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1918-01-04
An Innocent supposition.

Mamma, Is papa's feet soreT
"No. Why, darling?"
81 saw him going upstairs last night
with his shoes in his hand after we
had gone to bed"
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1918-01-04
Not So Fine.

Dustin Stax-I tell you, sir, I'm a
Self-made man.
Collier Downe-Don't brag about
your job.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1918-01-04

One person out of every ten who dies
today In our large cities is buried In a
Potter's field.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1918-01-04

If the American people cannot learn
to be thrifty, they cannot remain a
great nation.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1918-01-04
Exact Copy Of Wrapper.
Nothing New.

"The papers say that women are
to be used as carriers for the mails"
"Well, why shouldn't they carry the
mails? Haven't they long been trans
porting them?"
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1918-01-04

Washington's population is boosted
10000 by war.
Oxford eagle., 1918-10-17
STICK ON The JOB AND WIN
Labor Department Says Thst Shiftless
Labor Gives Comfort 20 the
Kaiser

Why does drifting from sob 10 job
give comfort 10 the Kaser?" asks the
United States Department OF Labor.
The question is asked TO concentrate
labor's attention on the issue Of the
war.
These issues support every angle
going toward maintaining the neces-
sary morale TO win the 1ght-labor.
physical. financial and the determine
ton 10 win. Without that support
there would not be the determination
to defeat autocracy that is apparent
with ii.
Then the department answers its
own question by saying that II is be
cause idle machines reduce produc-
ton and weake. our army" The de
partment. basing its views on fact.
says that all labOrers must stick TO
their jobs because ~the fighters for
freedom must be armed and fed and
clothed. A chain is only as strong
as its weakest links. You are a link
in the chain Of production II you do
not stick on the job You weaken the
chain
Oxford eagle., 1918-10-17
NOTICE.!
Sale of Land.
Oct l724-3O

Pursuant 10 the provisions Of = deed
OF Trust 10 me, executed As Trustee
by J. B. Welch and his wife Mrs. +. +.
Welch, ia favor Of Goodwin, Brown
& Co, TO secure certain indebtedness
there mentioned, whicl is recorded
in Book Z-2, Page l6, in the Chan
Gerry Clerks Office of me County Of
Lafaye.tc and the State Of Missis-
sippi, / viii at the Request OF the
beneficiary in said Deed Of Trust pro
ceed to sell for cash, 10 tie highest
bidd n, within lawful hours, in front
Of the 5, nth door Of he Court House
in Oxford, Miss, on the 3lst day Of
October, 1918, the foil OWING described
properly, lying and being in the Coun-
~ Of Lafayette, and the State OF
Mississippi, t5-wit:
Fraction west 1-2 IF 5. W. Ia
Sect n /, Township 8, R2nge , west,
60 acres more or less; and South East
I II Section ., Township 9, Range ?
west, 100 acres, being 225 acres more
or less in all.
The title to the above property is
believed TO be good. but ] viii convey
only such title as is vested in me as
Trustee.
Witness my signature this the 10th
day of October, 1913.
]. B. ROACH,
oct-IO-I7-24. Substituted Trustee.
Oxford eagle., 1918-10-17
LEGAL NOTICE.

NO. os4o.
Miss Susie Murray. Extrx.
VS..
y. L. hilgore.
By virtue of an execution delivered
TO and executed by me, pursuant to a
judgment rendered in the Circuit
Court Of Lafayette County, Missis-
sippi, in case No. 544s and styled,
kilgore, which said judgment was
rendered at the September term, 1914,
of said County, FOR the sum Of S40l.13
and the accrued interest and cost since
said date. and which said levy was
made by me according to law upon the
lands Cf the said j. L. kilgore located
in said county and state, on the 18th
day Of October, 1918, which said
lands are described as TIE South half
Of the South East quarter Of section
twelve, township seven, range one,
West.
/. ). NJ. Sneed. Sheriff Of said Coun-
~. VIII on Monday, November 18th.
1918. within lawful hours. at the south
door Of the Court House in oxford,
Mississippi, offer for sale end sell for
cash 10 the highest bidder the above
described lands To satisfy the judg-
ment of said Court. interest and cost
aforesaid which said judgment, costs
and interest amounts 70 the sum Of
Five Hundred Seventy Five and eighty
three one-hund-edths dollars, together
with costs Of sale.
Title 10 said Ind is presumed TO be
good but | sell only a Sheriff.
Witness my signature this the 18th
day af October. 1918.
5. VI. SNEED. Sheriff.
Oct 17-24-31.
Oxford eagle., 1918-10-17

ing fine. Am giving Vim Hepatica to
my wife, and advising the boys work
with to take it, for it is certainly q
fine spring tonic, and shall be glad to
let anyone know personally what
think of II if they will come to see me,
call up, or write me"
Just such testimony rs this IS com
ing from every direction regarding
this truly wonderful medicine, which Is
composed of eight Of the finest herbal
rene hes known 10 medical science.
II you are feeling the least bit knocked
cut, come N and get bottle Of il, and
take II ON our recommendation.
Oxford eagle., 1918-10-17
GAYOSO HOTEL WAITER
STRONG FOR vim HEPATCA
Says He Is Feeling Fine. His Wife Also Taking 1t
For Spring Tonic.

Howard Tillery, Gayoso Hotel Wait
er Of 365 South Wellington Street,
Memphis, comes mighty st-cng for
Vim Hepatica because he says il put
him in such fine shape again.
Il had been suffering constantly
with horrible headaches and pains run
ning from the back Of my head all
down my spine. couldn't sleep at
night and would be all tired out and
run down u the beginning G each
days work.
After taking two bottles of Vim
Hepatica my headache aad pains are
entirely gone, and / now gel up feel