davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily morning oasis., 1918-05-25

be such that the ore will be
brought direct to the plant from
the mines by aerial wire cable
tramways.
The doctor could not say how
long it would take before the
plant would be ready for opera
ton, but it will probably be sew
|eral months.
In addition TO the utilization
of the iron pyrites for sulphuric
acid, the removal of the sulphur
from the ore will make it feas-
ible to work it for the iron.
The establishment of this in
dustry will be of untold import
|ance to Patagonia and the entire
county, for it will not only have
Ia large pay roll, but will make
valuable many claims that have
been withou. :..lue here ,rc
Also it NAV be the means of
bringing in additional copper
producers, as the copper pyrites
|often are found beneath the iron
|pyrites, asN;as the case with the
Three r mine.
The daily morning oasis., 1918-05-25

did remarkably effective work.
The last accurate accounts were
that only six were reported dead
Many were injured, however.
Later-An admiralty state
ment says: .Of the American
troops aboard, Sc are so far un-
accounted for. 1t is feared they
were killed by the explosion"
The daily morning oasis., 1918-05-25

If you see Il good, strong,
steady, bright, white electric
light, it is ours. ARIZONA GAS
& ELECTRIC COMPANY. adv
The daily morning oasis., 1918-05-25

ficial, the money having been
turned in to the bank Friday by
Mrs. Clyde Mcpherson.
Patagonia District, $1,000
This is reported officially by
Chairman Francis, but the
money has not been banked as
yet, but it will be today.
Tubac, $55. Unofficial, but
the money anticipated today.
The daily morning oasis., 1918-05-25

traffic be- by the communicating of
California ports and ports larger vessels by the
on the west coast of Mexico has ment.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
I eutons Take to Skis
In Italian Sector
Allied Aviators Wing Three
Planes and Bomb Enemy
Magazines

LONDON, Jan. 13.--In the snow-cov-
cred mountain regions OF Italy the
Austro- German troops have taken to
skis in order to facilitate their recon
NOTHING operations. This is revealed
ly the Rome official communicate to-
day, which states that "our artillery
shellcd enemy forces on skis east of
Tonalo." This is not the first instance
of an army working on skis, the Italian
bersaglieri having made use of them
since the carly days Of the war.
While ground conditions limited
fighting yesterday TO patrol work and
artillery duc]s, in which British and
French batteries played an effective
part, The aerial forces of both sides
took up the burden of the infantry and
combats above the lines were FREQUENT.
Two enemy machines were shot to
earth by Italian tliers and a third was
accounted for by British aviator.
Diaz's airmen dropped one and half
tons Of high explosives on enemy mag
azlnes and encampments during the
day, the Rome statement saws.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
6 Allied Fliers Downed
In West, Berlin Claims
Aerial Encounters Mark Day
on Front-Only One In
fantry Action

LONDON, Jan. 13. -- Aside from
aerial engagements, there was practi-
cally no activity on the West front
yesterday and to-day Berlin reports
to-day that in numerous encounters in
the air six Allied airplanes and three
balloons were brought to earth by
German hers. The Paris commu-
nique announces the bringing down of
twelve hostile machines behind the
German lines between January ! and
10, in addition to the fifteen machines
previously reported IS having been
destroyed.
The only infantry action recorded in
the official statements was patrol
encounter during last night southeast
ot Armentieres. On the heights. .of the
Meuse, in the Vosges and north of the
Asne the duel of the big guns contin-
ued with violence. The severity of the
weather conditions along the whole
battle front has slowed up fighting per-
ceptibly. and until conditions imnIove
1t Is doubtful if either side undertakes
any extensive infantry operations
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
Missing American
Wins War Cross
Aviator Brought Down Be.
hind German Lines Deco
rated by the French
By Tho Associated Press

iHy Tho Associated Press
on THE FRENCH FRONT, Friday,
Jan. 11.-Among the military dccora-
tions awarded to-day to airmen of a
famous French 'groupc de combat" was
a war cross for Corporal Benjamin
Stuart Walcott. of Washington, who has
been missing since December 10. The
medal was received on his behalf by
members of his squadron and will be
sent to his father. The citation ac-
companying the medal reads:
corporal Walcott, an American. who
volunteered for the duration OF the
war. and (; young pilot of admirable
spirit and courage, on December 10,
1917, attacked an enemy airplane He
pursued it for four kilometres behind
the German lines, where be brought it
down. He was in turn attacked by
three other monoplanes, and was driven
down."
Corporal Walcott had been Mt the
front only a few weeks when the fight
took place. He was regarded as an ex-
cellent pilot. No news Of his fate has
been received
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
Must Not Cuss Mules.
Is New Pershing Order
And Swearing Is All They Un-
derstand, Driver Walls
rBy Tho AssooIa4ol pr,,.,

t''v Tho Associated Press
WITH THE AMERICAN ARMY IN
FRANCE, Jan. 13.-Pity the poor mule
skinner. He is now prevented bv a
general order just issued from swearing
at those Missouri products which the
soldier knows as ebay burners" and if
IS hard, according to the drivers. verv
hard w.
The order does not provide Severe
punishment for muleteers breaking it
ana 1T does not make it absolutely nee
cssary 1or them to coax a mule with
soft careses instead of harsh language
such as army drivers say the animals
understand. 1t merely suggests. in cf.
feet, that mules, like horses, will re-
sspond better to kindness than to
"cusses.'
81 am not treating this mule like he
was BROTHER said red faced "skin-
ner' to-day. "But know it's no good
believe in living up to orders and
suggestions TO the letter but I'm from
Missouri. I've been around mules ali
my life and never saw ore that djdn I
like to be cussed at. Old Arjst;des
there has been cooking his ears at me
for three days because the worst | have
SAID to hlm has been d.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
TStaf Co7resD0ndence1


WASHINGTON, Jan. IA state
ment on the condition of the Belgian
army, made public today by the Bel
gian Legation, says:
"To-day, with it's large units and
with its many special services all COM
plcte. the Belgian army has an effec-
tive of perhaps three times the strength
Of that which came out of the battle
of the User. Some figures will show
the work accomplished during three
years of hard effort by these troops,
who. since April. 1915, have taken a
glorious part in the bloody battles of
the Stecnstratc-Lizer front, and who
have never ceased to improve their po-
sition by engagements which were
often hot and bloody.
"The front held by the Belgian army
has been greatly extended. From
twenty kilometres after the battle Of
the User, it was extended to twenty
six kilometres (sixteen miles) by the
end OF January, 1915; to twenty-eight
kilometres seventeen and a half
miles) by the beginning OF March,
1915; to thirty-one kilometres (twcnty
miles)-from the Furnes Canal at
Nicuport down to nghe--inJune.
1916. The Belgian army consolidated
this front and held it alone until about
the middle of 1917, when the Belgian
front was reduced on account of prepa-
rations for the Allied offensive in Flan-
ders. The army was then able to hold
Il strong force in reserve.
Fortress Built Mt Night
I'm order to transform it's sector into
an impregnablc fortress, the Belgian
army had to perform a gigantic task
in the most difficult country that can
be imagined, in the midst Of an inun-
dation which, first of all, it had to
control. AS the ground is hardly above
the level of the sea, and as water
appears as soon as one digs up the
earth, everything has to be built en-
trely on top Of the ground and with
material brought with great difficulty
from the rear--trenches, communica-
tiops, shelters and redoubts of con-
crete, batteries, advance posts and foot
bridges over the inundations. etc All
VI lHeSe 'UlHSS nave 10 DC Dullt dur
ing the night, and often rebuilt five
or six times, for the water undermines
at the base anything that the bonn
bardment has spared. In order to make
the front invinciblc it was necessary
to construct number of successive
positions, each one comprising several
lines of trenches. In this region, which
is poor and without resources, every
thing had to be brought up for the
construction cf roads, railways, quar-
tiers. hospitals, etc.
"The Belgian troops have constructed
on the User more than 400 kilometres
Of trenches and communications; they
have constructed, enlarged or rebuilt
400 kilometres of roads, which required
100000 tons of material; they have
built $50 kilometres of railway of the
usual type and several hundred kilo-
metres of Decauvillc railway; they have
shut out the flood by dikes and dams
one Of which alone measures 25,00O
cubic metres (33.000 cubic yards) and
required 100000 sacks of sand; they
have built several dozen kilometres OF
foot bridges; have constructed bridges
and culverts by thousands, have placed
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
13 Air Raids Made on
Germany in December

AMSTERDAM, Jan 13.-The Official
German news agency says that Entente
aviators made thirteen air raids on
Germany in December, six on indus
trial districts of Lorraine and LuXem-
burg and seven on freiburg. Baden,
Mannheim, Saarbruchen and Zwel-
brucken. Except for the interruption
of operations at an iron works, caused
by the dropping of bomb on a gas
tank, the results are said to have been
insignificant. Seven persons were
killed and thirty-one injured. including
several French prisoners of war. One
cf the raiders was brought down.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
The Great VVar-1262d Day
Allied Staff Officers Chosen
After Study in Practical School
Candidates Must Pass Exactng Tests in Theory of Big
Operations and in Artillery Cavalry, Infantry,
Engineers and Aviation Tactics

FRENCH FRONT, Dec. 20.--A few
precise details as to the organization
of an army staff-"the brains of the
army"-show that great care and min
ute control are necessary in the selec-
tion Of officers who have in their hands
the direction of operations of the thou
sands Of men engaged in modern bat
ties. The correspondent OF The Asso-
ciated Press has during more than
three years OF war watched closely the
Allied armies, and has thus obtained
his information at first hand under
actual war conditions.
In the French army. when an aug
mentation of the number OF staff Of
ticers was found necessary, a selection
was made among the officers Of the re-
serve and those of the regular regi-
mental officers without staff experience.
he first category was found to COM
PRISE many officers who, although full
OF energy and martial spirit lacked in
q smaller or larger degree the expert
ence OF handling troops while the sec
Ond category was unaccuStOmcO to the
methodical study OF documents. 1t was
therefore decided to form a staff school
through which all these candidates for
staff work had to pass
The aspirants first make a study os
the various branches Of the army
artillery, cavalry. infantry. engineers
and aviation-and with the aid and
guidance Of experienced officers learn
to foresee and provide for the needs Of
the different units. The next step is a
course in the organization of the COM
mand Of a staff and the working Of the
various services connected with it..
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
Padua Street Throngs
Cheer Defenders Battling
Miles Overhead
Captive Craft Burned
Aviation Activity Increases
on Piave and in Mountains,
Despite Winter
LEY ;I1ic Associated rrcssl !

ITALIAN ARMY HEADQUARTERS
IN NORTHERN ITALY, Jan. IL (dc-
layed) Aerial warfare on an exten-
s;ve scale is developing now that opera
.ions along the Piave River and on tho
mountain front have become inactive,
owins to the wintry conditions. Be-
ginning with 2 series of night raids
during the moonlight over Padua and
ether undefended Italian cities, the
enemy now is becoming bolder and
daily appears in broad daylight above
;hc sroa,l cities near the front.
Three raiders approached yesterday,
and crowds in the streets saw a spec
aSacuar battle in tho sky. The Ger
mans flow at an attitude Of 10000 feet
where The temperature was about SO
degrees below zero. From the ground
-he ailplanes looked like tiny white
spccks in the bright sunlight. Shrapnel
from the city's air defences burst all
around them
A great cheer went up from the
crowds as q feet OF Italian Capronis
made straight for the raiders The
Germans accepted the ruSe or dropping
and sightseers became tumultuous in
their shouts because they thought the
enemy machines were being driven
down by the Italian airmen.
Two Brought Down
But the raiders reg3ncd stability anC
succeeded in planning away until two OF
them we're brought down by the Ital-
ian airmen. Both OF the raiders We're
captured and proved to be Germans, as
had been expected.
AS they alighted the enemy aviators
sprang from their machines and set
them afre before their captors could
interfere. A third raider was taken at
about the same time by a British
chaser on the Upper Piave River.
No one was killed by the raiders, but
q fragment of falling shrapnel wounded
a boy who had been standing in the
street
These daylight raids, after the recent
series of destructive and deadly night
raids over Padua, Castelfranco, Vicenza
Mcstre and Monte Belluna, lead to the
impression that the enemy has en-
balAed on an extensive air raid policy
somewhat similar to the submarine
campaign. The air attacks are directed
chiefly against civilians, instead of the
military, apparently with the purpose
of terrorizing the civilian population.
The enemy's avoidance of fighting in
the open with the Italians and theil
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
Third of Allied
Prisoners Die in
German Camps
Delegate of Swiss-Ameri-
can Commission Tells How
Captives Are Treated

More than one-third Of Allied SOL
camps in Germany and Austria, while
only 10 per cent Of those sent from the
Central Empires into Switzerland for
intcrnment succumb, although they in
tlude men in the last stages Of illness.
These comparative figures were given
yesterday by Nine. Slavko Grouitch,
special delegate Of the american
Commission at Bcrnc, in a lecture at
Carnegie Hall to raise funds for carry
ing on the work of the commission.
Nine. Grouitch contrasted the treat
ment accorded Germans taken prisoners
by the Allies and those captured "thc
other side OF the trcnchcs.' The latter
she said, are often put on a strctcher
With two or three other men, where
they are easily ioltcd off, to be dumped
somewhere, and frequently left lying
for several days without food or having
wounds treated. Every step of the way
to camp or hospital they are ieered at,
often spat upon, she said.
DR.. Henry van Dyke, former United
States Minister to Holland, who pre-
sided at the meeting, said that the
greatest freedom was allowed to SOL
dicrs interncd in Holland. Schools and
workshops, he said, had been opened
Tor the men and houses given nearby
Tor the lodging Of their wives and chill
dren. Fairs are held, at which the
work Of the interned men are sold. and
there has even been organized a British
vaudeville troupe whikh travels all over
Holland giving entertainments for
Dutch charitable causes.
DR.. van Dyke said he saw gangs Of
three or four hundred apiece on the
roads we'll back of Verdun. They looked
robust and we'll fed
"Who are these men ?" he asked.
German prisoners" answered the
French captain escorting him.
where are their guards ?" Dr.. van
Dyke asked in astonishment, to which
his guide replied:
mo need Of guards You couldn't
drive those fellows back to the German
lines with bayonets. They are too we'll
off hcrc.'
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
War Revelations
I'm Tribune Win
Senator's Praise
Caspar Whitney's Article
Strikes Keynote, Says
w. S. Kenyon
Saw Fighting Front
He Declares Inefficiency Must
Go If America Is to Win
the Great Conflict
Saw Fighting Front

Senator William s. Kenyon, of Iowa
one of the unofficial Congressional
committee which recently visited the
French battle front, declared yester
day that Caspar Whitney in his article
in The Tribune Of yesterday had hit
the nail on the head.
"The American people must grapplc
with the actualities of the war" said
the Senator; "bungling and ineffciency
must 60" In the evening the Senator
used Mr.. Whitncy's article as the text
of addresses in Grace Methodist Epis
copal Church, in West 104th Street, and
in st. James's Methodist Episcopal
Church, in Madison Avenue.
"Mr Whitney's is one Of the most
wonderful articles yet written on the
war;" said the Senator. at is clarion
call to our people. We are at the test;
can democracy organize and carry on
a great war against strong central
lied power?
Bungling Must Go
"Bungline must go; incompetency
and red tape must go. Feelings of mill
tary gentlemen must not be considered.
ct is no time for deadwood in re-
sponsible positions. ] do not desire to
comment on the question of shortage
over there in ammunition, clothes, etc
Let that part of the story pass. urge
every man to read Mr.. Whitney's ap-
peal to the American people-'truth
that aches France and England have
had to cut rcd tape, and so will we, and
the sooner we commence the better. a
man may have been an efficient offlcer
forty years ago-that doesn't make hum
one now. Younger blood is needed. /
man in the right place. Let's not Grip
ple him with incompetency in other de-
partmcnts.
Inefficiency Must 60
"Mr Whitney is right. The Ameri-
can people must know what IS gong on.
Secrecy is not compatible with democ-
racy. 1t is the popular war The people
are competent to act wisely, and they
will demand the elimination of ineffi-
cheney in Congress, in the army or any
where else. That is the need right
now. There is too much pompOus Dig
nifty and patriotic posing.
"Mr Whitney strikes the keynote. We
cannot put the responsibility on others.
1t is up to US Individually. What sac
rifces are we making? We must get on
a war basis individually. If we are
thinking Of our own comfort, of the
success of our particular political party,
if we are not ready to give up and
sacrifice something for our country, we
are not on a war basis 1t isn't enough
to sit around and pray to say. we
can't fail. Let US realize that this is
not 1898. We are not fighting Spain. 1t
is far different proposition:
'I looked out of my window to-day
in the eighteenth story of a hotel and
thought of last October, when looked
out of window of a london hotel to
watch Zeppelin raid II Zeppelins
raided New York we would really real
ize our job and wish we had paid less
attention to red tape, seniority and
custom. They may come"
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14

This is followed by study Of the pre-
paratory work of II military operation
and the mechanism of issuing orders,
as we'll as the employment Of troops
and the work Of staff during a battle.
About ten weeks is usually sufficient
to give thorough foundation to tho
aspirants. who arc then divided into
two groups, the first intended to be-
come divisional staff officers and the
second to go to brigade statfs.
Those chosen for divisional work
proceed to a course Of practical train
ing. the opening stage Of which is q
period Of eight days passed in some
other branch Of service from that out
of which they have been selected. The
second stage is a period of flying last
ing eight days. The next step is n
period of three weeks in the staff Office
Of an army comprising several army
corps, after which they go in.o the
staff office of an army corps for a term
lasting a week.
On the completion of this practical
work the officers return to the staff
school for q month to have the final
touch given to their instruction before
they are appoint d to n divisional staff
in the lield, the entire training having
lasted five months.
The work of staff dealing with
operations is divided into five heads. as
follows: The study and preparation OF
the clements necessary to reach a de-
cision concerning an operations the
decision itself; the notification of this
decision TO the units which arc to carry
it out; the execution of the plan; the
control OF the execution. The decision
is the task of the commander in chief
Of the troops engaged. while its execu-
ton lies in the hands Of tho troops
themselves, thus leaving the three
other heads to be worked out by the
officers Of the staff.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
American Decorated Three
Times Loses Arm in Drive

PARIS, Jan. 13.-In the attack
carried out last week by the Foreign
Legion in the neighborhood of Fircy,
in which the German positions were
penetrated to q depth of half It mile
along a section Of a mile, Grenadier
Ivan Mock, one of the few Americans
remaining IN the legion, was woundel /
severely in the right arm. Amputaton
oil the arm probably Will be neccssar :.
Hollander who is a fellow member
of the legion writes: Needless to say
Mock fought like a hero. All the Amer
leans ! have known in the legion are
extraordinary fighters"
Grenadier Mock is young engineer
from Baltimore. He was wounded sew
eral times previously, winning the War
Cross and two citations. After being
wounded the time before the last he
attempted unsuccessfully to enter the
American army in France.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
Italian Airr7en Bomb
Enemy's Railzuay Terminus
rRy l'hn Associated prnc.

tBy The Associated Press1
7 l. A n HEADQUARTERS IN
NORTHERN ITALY, Jan. 13.-Italian
aviators have carried cut a successful
bombing expedition against Primolano.
an important railway terminus consti-
tutng the enemys lines of communica-
tions for troop supplies to the fighting
front. Two tons Of bombs were dropped
on extensive storehouses and encamp-
ments around the terminus and caused
serious damage, further interrupting
ing the enemy's lines of communica-
tions already seriously affected by the
mountain SHOWS
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14

allies makes it evidcn. that the in
vaders are less interested in obtaining
mastery Of the air OH the military front
than in spreading fear among the in
habitants of the towns and the peas
antry far behind the front
Among the many recent raids only
one has been made against a military
objective. This was against an aerial
camp of the Italians and the British
near Treviso, and was so heavily re-
pulsed-cleven enemy machines being
destroyed-that all later raids have
been made against undefended COM
munities
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
Swiss Impatient at Delay
In Shipments of u. s. Crair

BERNIE, Jan. 13.-According to re-
cent messages received here. the first
consignment of American grain for
Switzerland has been forwarded, and it
is awaited here with impatience.
Already some disappointment has
been expressed, Swiss newspapers stat
ing that Germany and Austria offered
five thousand wagonloads of grain to
break the shortage, but that the Swiss
government declined the offer because
Of the American shipment
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
Italian Front
ITALIAN

NOME, Jan. l3.-Thcre We're patrol en-
counters and active artillery fighting at
various places. Italian artillery shelled on.
en'y forces on skis east OF Tona!e. British
batteries made direct hits on enemy emplace-
nents on the east bank of the Piave. rrencb
artillery was active along the middle Piavc.
Italian airplanes dropped one and one-b,lf
tons OF explosives on enemy magazines and
encampments. and brought down two encr,,
machines. British arncn broupht down
enemy airplane.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-14
Yale's War Death Toll
President Hadley Announces
Names at Chapel Service

NEW HAVEN, Jan. l3.-Prcsident
Hadley of Yale made the following an
nouncement at the university chapel
service to-day:
'ln the closing months of 1917 the
following Yale men have given their
lives in the service Of their country:
"Theodorc Caldwell Jancwuy, of the
class Of 1891
"Alcxander Pope Humphrey, of the
class of 1905
Leonard Bacon Parks. of the class
Of 1909.
Kenneth Brown Hay, of the class
Of 1917
Irving Tyler Moore, of the class of
1918
"Aldcn Dawson. of tba class Of 1872