davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-02-24
Ocean Divides Surgeon
From His Practice

American army surgeons are at the
present time handicapped by the fact
tEat all the war surgery is on the other
side OF the Atlantic Ocean, To take
advantage of the great body of new
surgical facts discovered by Allied sur
geons, the Army Medical Corps has es-
tabilshcd intensive courses in modern
surgery in all the large cities of the
country. One of these is at the Mayo
cilnlc. at Rochester, Mimi. But the
Medical Corps has not stopped there.
IT. has made confidential classification
OF army surgeons, according to their
ability and usefulness, and by this
classification has been enabled to put
them where they can do their best
work. 1t is also conducting special
courses to educate surgeons where the
differences between civil and army sur
gerry have shown s. need for education.
The mental ills of modern warriors
present many fascinating problems to
the modern psychologist. The army
medical corps has not by any means
neglected this field. 1t has put good
deal OF intensive study upon the men
tai variations of the men in the new
armies, and the disclosures are inter
estlng. The peculiar mind maladies Of
modern fighters are so various that the
army medical corps will no longer
allow the use of the term shell shock"
In the first place it is untruthful, be-
cause many army neuroses have no
direct relation to battle. In the sec
ond place, the term has a disastrous
effect, through the peculiar action OF
crowd psychology, upon army men.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-24
Prayer for Return
Continued Through Ages

In Russia during the latter half of
the nineteenth century Hebrew liter
ature devoted itself largely to the
spread of the new humanism and that
liberal movement which seemed to
promise carly emancipation for the
Jews. A great many of the writer's
who were identified with the Haskalah
or enlightenment movement labored
for diffusion rather than a conccntra-
tion Of Jewish forces, believing that
assimilation, rather than nationalism
Will bring the panacea freedom; but
even within this school of writers there
were novcllsts and poets and essayists
who never ceased to cXtol Zion, to be-
wall its downfall, and to utter fcrvent
prayer for the return.
Professor Nahum Slouschz in his
"Renascence of Hebrew Literature" {"
speaking of some of the poetry pro-
duced at that time said: "The period
produced a large quantity Of popular
poems, which to this day are sung by
me Jews OF Lithuania. The dominant
note no., Is the national plant of the Jew
lsh people, its dreams, and its Mes
slanlc hopes. They are essentially
zionlstic In polished and tender He
prev with lofty expressions and des-
pairing cries worthy of Byron, poet
OF the people mourns the misfort,,nes
OF Mon: Zion, Zion, city of our God,
How awful is thy breach Who viii
nea' ,hee! Every nation, every
country sees its splendor grow from
day to day. Thou alone and thv
peoplc, ye fall from depth to awful
depth. Holy land Zion anc
Jerusalem! How dare the stranger
trample on thy soil with naughty foot
How, 0 Heaven, can the son of the
stranger stand upon the spot whence
Thy command banishes him?' But hope
is not entirely blasted: in the name OF
al thy people, in all their dwelling
places, have we sworn unto thee, {
Zion, with scorching tears, that thou
shalt always rest upon our hearts as 8
seal. Not by night and not by daS
shalt thou be forgotten by u.s."
Kalman Schulman wrote romantic
stories and novels, but the flowery. nv.
perbolic Biblical language employed BY
him aroused vivid memories Of the
jewish homeland. Joseph Lebensohr
published in 1852 "The Songs of q
Daughter of Zion" 1t elected deer
admiration and soon after he issued
"'The Harp of the Daughter Of Zion,'
which, like the former book, gave elo-
quent expression to the love for Zion
Then came Abraham Mapu, who
after brooding over the subject 70,
twenty years of struggles and priva-
tion, thrilled the ghettos of Europe
New-York tribune., 1918-02-24
Bill Davidson
Comes Home
By Lieut.. F. ]. Sleath

q OMEWHERE IN FRANCE, Feb. 10.
- Big Bill Davidson broke away
from the squadron and disap-
peared into the blue over the enemy
lines. Such were his instructions. He
was the best pilot and flew the best
machine in the squadron. But his
comrades mentally said goodby to
him as they watched him go, for he
was bound on mission which the
confidential reports speak of as having
to be performed "at all COSTS"
None Of them knew where he had
gone: that knowledge was shared only
by Bill himself, the C. O., and the
higher authorities. But they had heard
Of such missions before. and from the
fact Of their best pilot being taken
they formed their own opinion as to
the serious nature of this particular
job.
"Poor old Bill" said his flight COM
mander abruptly at tea time. The
talk had been about something entire
ly different. But the fate of their
comrade had been in the thoughts of
all, and this breakaway from the thread
Of the. conversation seemed perfectly
natural
"llell bring that bus of his home
II any man can do it," said his friends
eyes, he won't let the Germans get
his bus if he can help it," said the
flight commander: Bill's regard for his
aeroplane had become provcrbial in
the SQUADRON.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-24
By Ralph Block

C LAYING and saving are the arts of
~ war. 1t is an anomaly which the
laughing gods must enjoy, but
which for human appreciation has to
be deferred.
Much has been said about our prep
arations for Staying. Little has been
said of the vast and farreaching prep
arations being made by the United
States for saving. Of all the disagree
able platitudes about war there is none
so humanity disagreeable as that which
declares even war may have it's fruits.
But platitudes at least tell truth, and
there is no doubt that when human
slaughter becomes sufficiently extensive
a powerful stimulus is given to the art
of saving what life still remains.
Three and half years of killing in
Europe have already communicated that
stimulus to America If the war should
end tomorrow the doctors of America
would turn to the civil population of
the nation with hundred new links to
add to that ever growing chain which
is called medical knowledge, with a
thousand new facts to light up and illu-
inmate the direction of that most CON-
plicated Of machines, the human body.
From the standpoint of medical sci
ence the armies Of the United States
have become an enormous clinic for the
elucidation of new facts. War has
given tremendous impulse to medical
education. The concentration of med
ical men from all parts of the country
in the medical branches of the govern
ment has done a great service in its
exposure of the low average of medical
education in the United States. But it
has also tended to remedy this con-
dition in the establishment Of special
medical courses in the army based
upon the new knowledge of the human
body which war has accumulated
When the civilian doctors of the new
armies return to their patients they
will take with them higher ideal OF
what makes up medical service, higher
standard of their profession and a
strong impulse to continue the process
of lf-education. 1t may even be an
impulse of sufficient strength to climi-
nate the stagnation of the small med
cal college and it's product, the coun-
try doctor.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-24
New Pneumonia
Isn't Same as Old

A few weeks ago Il young American
bacteriologist sailed for France to be-
gin period of laboratory work on the
bacteria Of pneumonia as it appeared in
the trenches. A few weeks before that
a well-known American bacteriologis st
had sailed for France to study the
phenomena of gas gangrene. 1t is this
kind Of activity on the part Of the or
ganization headed by Surgeon General
Gorgas which will draw permanent good
for humanity out of the maladies pro-
duced by war.
The most interesting story told in the
Army Medical Corps is the story of
army pneumonia. The name of the dis
ease still echoes in the minds and
hearts of the American people. But all
the Investigations into cantonment
troubles did not uncover the strange
fact that the pneum MIA which appeared
in the camps is virtually new disease,
differing in its symptoms, it's progress
and even in the bacteria that produce
it from the pneumonia familiar in civil
life.
These are some of the facts de-
veloped about this malady:
1t usually follows the measles.
1t has manifested itself alarmingly
in Southern cantonments.
1t is found especially prevalent
among troops from small Southern
communities, previously not affected
by the measles.
Its effects, as opposed to the con-
solidation in the lobe of one lung of
the usual disease, followed by crisis
and termination, are found in patches
which appear in both lungs.
1t lasts longer than the other kind
Of pneumonia.
1t doesn't terminate in crisis.
The patient is peculiarly liable to
abscesses in the pulmonary cavities
New-York tribune., 1918-02-24
Voicing National
Ideal in Story

y
Other writer's and poets of the period
voiced with equal fervor and beauty of
style the hope of restoration. But it
was Perez Smolenskn, novelist, essay
lst and Journalist, who as one of the
leading figures in. the literature of Rus
sian Jewry was to WELD the largest
influence in the development of the ma
tional idea. After publishing different
tries he issued in Vienna, in 1872, his
Am Olam" ("The Eternal Peoplc'O a
book pleading for Jewish restoration
which, antedating both DR.. Pinskcr and
Dr.. Herzl, aroused the interest of the
Jews IN various countries and led to
the first definite activities aiming at
Jewish national rehabilitation. Even
as his books. so did his newspaper, tho
"Ha-Shacher" ("The Dawn"), play an
important role in the modern revival Of
the Jewish national idea. Around this
paper the most effective national ad-
vocates then grouped themselves.
reputation through the production Of
his novels, it Will be his direct work
TOR national restoration that will give
his name an abiding place in the story
of the long struggle.
To the -Shachar,' young Rus
sian sian. Jewish ,i. student, then Lying in
article headed can Important Ques-
ton" and strongly insisting that only
through the revival of the Hebrew Ian
guage and literature in Palestine could
real redemption Of the Jewish people
be brought about A little later the
same young man sent another article 10
this periodical In this article he said
in part: "Therc is future for this
people in its land. Good hope is in
prospect for it there! : Only in this
land, the cradle of our people, the land
where its character was moulded, where
every footstep, every stone, hill and
valley remind it of its happiness and
misfortune i'll the past-only in this
land viii the Hebrew spirit again re-
veal itself; only in this land, under it's
blue skies and in the splendor Of its
nature. will this talented people dis
tinguish itself in all the avenues of
human endeavor, and in enlarging its
private wealth and happiness it will
also increase the wealth and happiness
nf the human race. There is a future
for this pcODlc,"
New-York tribune., 1918-02-24
Typhoid Has Been
Sent West Finally

The disappearance of typhoid in the
army-the same typhoid which caused
more deaths in the war of 1898 than
all the shot and shell on land and
sea--is ascribed to the energetic use
Of the typhoid serum. No soldier en-
ters an American camp, nor indeed any
of the Allied camps in France, unless
he has been vaccinated with typhoid
serum. 1t is true that certain
amount of disinclination, prejudice
against vaccination, has had to be over
gramme. Nevertheless, the typhoid is
gone. and no better proof Of the effec
tiveness of the vaccine can be found
than this result.
The most interesting explanation Of
the action of vaccine and the most
illuminating to the lay mind is given
by Major Victor C. Vaughan, dean Of
the department of medicine of the
University of Michigan, famous bac
teriol ologist and toxico'ogist and an i'm
portant member of the Medical Re-
serve Corps in Washington.
"If you feed body of dead bacteria
to the cells of the human body the
human cells will be trained and edu-
tevour them. If, by chance, a group
of living and enemy bacteria should
effect an entrance into the body, the
body cells will know at once by their
training how to attack them. There is
nothing in nature that cannot be
trained"
The fourth great foe of the Ameri-
can soldier is tuberculosis. This is a
transmssible disease, and to guaran-
tee the absence of tuberculosis from
the army it was found necessary to
eliminate every man who might trans
nit it. Every man who goes into the
army is examined by a special exam
ming board Special hospitals are now
being prepared for cases Of developed
tuberculosis. Men recovering from the
work Of examination has been under
the direction of Colonel E. G. Bushnell,
another valuable member of the Army
Medical Corps at Washington.
The boards found a good deal of in
teresting date They discovered there
was little difference between city men
and country men, but if there was any
variation it was against men from
rural communities. A high percentage
of tuberculosis found among men from
the Rocky Mountain states was as
cribed to the fact that many of them
were in that region to cure themselves
from the disease at the time the war
broke out. However, out of 200
men examined at one period, less than
l per cent were found to be affected.
Surgeon Learns
His Trade Anew
Surgery has also been affected by
the war, although the effects were
manifest long before America entered
it. In some respects the surgery prac-
tised in the war zone is the surgery of
fifty years ago. In those days the sur
geon sprayed the point of attack with
carbolic acid, tied his shoe strings a
little tighter, and began to carve.
Aseptic surgery, based upon the dis
covery that unless bacteria were al
lowed to enter fresh wound it would
be clean and require no powerful, and
sometimes harmful. antiseptic, was q
later development. Asepsis, in surgi-
cal terms, is merely the prevention oi
infection where infection has not yet
appeared. 1t is the method used every
where now in civil hospitals.
But asepsis has no meaning to the
surgeon who must operate on leo
New-York tribune., 1918-02-24

outsIde the lungs, ana TO 0tner coMpIl-
cations.
The disease is caused by different
and more insidious organism.
Pneumonia Is not Il disease that is
peculiar to cold climates. That fact
was known before the present war. The
Canal Zone was full Of it until Cen
eral Gorgas cleaned out the zone,
forced the zone inhabitants to observe
proper conditions of ventilation and
to allow for the free play Of air IN
their dwellings. Then it subsided.
The mines of Rhodesia had an enor-
nous death rate from pneumonia until
the English government sent for Cen
cral Gorgas, who drove out the
scourge with similar sanitary regula
tions.
1t was at Camp Wheeler that tie
army doctors first realized the enemy
they were facing was a new and un-
familiar foe. The result of this recog-
milton has been to start series OF
Investigations in the army as to the
character of the disease. A special
unit OF experts has been assembled
at Fort Sam Houston to study the
pneumonia Of the army. Army experts
are now studying the manifestations
Of pneumonia among American troops
in France. The Rockefeller Institute is
not only giving its attention to the
development Of a pneumonia serum,
which has been applied already where
it has been applicable, but is con-
ducting courses for army doctors to
instruct them in the newest methods
of treatment. developed by the expert
ence of the last six months.
Making Front Attack
On Meningitis
Another merciless enemy which the
medical corps is fighting is. menin-
gifts. Fortunately, in this instance,
the doctors were not called on to
change their tactics after they had
entered the battle. The investiga-
tions of DR.. Simon Flexner have de-
veloped great body of knowledge of
iIieiiHblto. OHc vi tUc important laCtS
about the bacterium of meningitis
is that it is carried in the nasal pas
sages of good many normal persons
who themselves do not develop the
disease. knowledge of this has made
it possible for the medical corps to
reduce meningitis in the American
army to point where it cannot even
be compared to the number of cases
in the French and English armies.
Wherever meningitis appears in the
American army measures are taken at
once to prevent it's spread. Cultures
are taken from every man in the com
panies affected. Every man who is
found to be carrier of the bacteria,
even though he himself does not de-
velop the disease, is isolated and his
nasal passages sprayed with an anti
septic until free of the germ. Here
again the Rockefeller Institute has
been of great value Every army camp
IN the United States is supplied with
at least one army physician who has
taken the institute courses in the pre-
vention and treatment of pneumonia,
meningitis and typhoid.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-24

with "The Love Of Zion," an historic
romance of ancient Judea of the time
of the prophet Isaiah and written in the
magnificent style of the prophets. This
and another book of Mapu's, "The
Transgression Of Samaria," exercised a
profound effect, especially upon the
Jews of Russia, intensifying the ma
tional consciousness.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-24
He Had No Engine
Power Left

No one answered. A reply seemed un-
necessary.
"IIc must be out of petrol by this
time" the C. O. murmured, as if to
himself.
Hes volplaning home, SIR" said the
senior fight-commander; che would not
be SO low down if he had any engine
power left"
"Why, yes! OF course" replied the
c. o. jerkily, as though suddenly real
izing the presence of those around him.
There was something awesome in the
approach of that silent machine, ever
holding it's position in the heart of the
sun, steadily growing bigger. 1t seemed
to cast spell over all the watchers.
Three men left the group and hur-
ried toward the hangers. Two could be
heard cranking up the engine of the
motor ambulanccs. The sound sent an
uneasy shiver through the silent gath
ering in the inclosure. The third group
rejoined them. lie had gone to fetch
his glasses. I
"It's Davidson, sir" he said, with
the glasses still at his eyes. II can
see him. His machine looks badly dam
aged"
"Let me see, mani" exclaimed the
c. O., impatiently.
He made no remark after his ex-
animation, even when handing the
glasses into the flight commanders
eager grasp. The sharp, involuntary
breath which the latter drew at his
first sight sent thrill of apprehen-
sion through all who heard it,
New-York tribune., 1918-02-24
Jewish Inspiration of Twenty Centuries
Crystallized in Hope of Realized Zion
From Days of Captivity
in Babylon lndepen-
dence Kept Alive by
Ancient Tongue and
Its Message
By Bernard C. Richards

Author of The Discourses Of Kedansky." literary
edi,cr Of The Maccahaan Magazine and
e.ye secretary OF the American Jewish Con-
rrss.
rNDISSOLUBLY linked in sacred
unison with the Holy Land is the
i holy language, the sweet musical
sounds of which first reSchoed on the
hills and in the wales of ancient Ju-
des. In this language Israel has poured
forth its soul, fashioning q monu-
mental literature of moral guidance
and spiritual aspirations; in it the
prophets admonished their people and
foretold mems future heritage; in it
the Psalmist sang of the glories of
Zion, and in this tongue all of the in
tense love and endless longing of a
people for its homeland has found ut
terance.
From the days of the first captivity
into Babylon down to the second exile
into Spain and other countries, the
Jews, praying for the return to Pales-
tine, expressed their strongest desires
in the language of the Bible and the
prophets. And from the days of Ja-
hudah Halevi, the Spanish-Jewish poet
who wrote his stirring odes to Zion
in the sixteenth century, to the time of
Naphtali Herr Imber of our own day,
whose "Hatikvah" or "Hope" has be-
come the Jewish national hymn, the
most fervid and passionate aspirations
for the Jewish return have found ex-
preston in the works of poets and
other writer's employing the Hebrew
language. The language of tho high
est Jewish law, the Torah, the deep
est Jewish learning, Hebrew has nat
urally also become the medium of cx-
preston of that aspiration which is
seeking to restore the law to its right
full place and authority in life, the
learning to its proper position OF pres
tige and influence, and so the Hebrew
literature of later times has become
the chief literature of the revival
movement.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-24
independence Kept
Alive by the Word

through the spread of the Zionist
movement, instruction in the Hebrew
language, the promotion of Hebrew
periodical and general literature, the
New-York tribune., 1918-02-24
The Plane Barely
Cleared the Sheds

The plane came on until it loomcd
big over the hangers. 1t was only thir-
ty feet from the ground. 1t would
barely clear the top of the sheds. They
could see that its propeller had been
stripped of its blades. Davidson had
performed q very fine feat of airman-
ship in volplaning such distance. AS
ground and stopped within a few yards
of them.
Good God!"
1t was the C. o. who uttered the cx-
clamation. He had started forward
with the others, but had drawn himself
up in wonder. Never before had any
of them seen plane come home in
such condition. 1t looked as if a mad
man had gone over it with a pickax
and brad awl. From end to end it
was riddled and slashed The cross
stays Of the centre section piece had
not dozen strands left among
them. The bomb racks were empty.
The mission had been accomplished
The pilot had brought his machine
home. But at price for in
ure of Big Bill Davidson.
He was dead. Dead for some time. u
was the doctors opinion. With his ebb-
ing strength he had headed his aero
plane for the distant aerodrome
jammed the rudder bar with his feet
locked the control lever between his
knees and his close clutched hand, so
that when his soul departed the course
had not been altered. Under his dead
control the aeroplane had come home
And, here is the point: In his Note
Book was the information he had been
sent to obtaln-"at a.! COSTS"
New-York tribune., 1918-02-24

for this people.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-06-07
HITS AT SECRET DIPLOMACY.

Washington, June debate on
the Underwood resolution to limit
debate in the Senate during the war
opened yesterday with a speech by
Senator Borah of Idaho, Republican,
in support of his amendment provid-
ing for the consideration of treaties
at open sessions of the Senate.
Senate Borah said the world war
had it's origin almost exclusively in
secret diplomacy. If the great mass
of the German people had been per-
mitted to know the facts before the
war, he declared, there would have
been no opportunity now for the
Hohenzollerns to be conducting their
propaganda to convince them that
war was forced upon them.
He added that the believed the
United States had suffered because
the causes leading up to Americas
entrance into the war were not gen.
orally known until outlined by Presi-
dent Wilson in his message to Con-
gress just prior at the war declara-
ton.