davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
Italy More Firmly
United Than Ever

r Tally now seems to have united
y her people more intellectually
in the aims and aspirations which
characterize the allies than at any
time during the war The internal
problems of this nation were much
more complex than those of any of
the western allies and the fall drive
by the Austro- Germans, which re-
suited so disastrously for Cadorna's
forces, did more than anything else
to convince the Italian nation where
its best interests lay.
The quick relief sent by France and
England showed the Italians who were
their real friends and the rehabilita-
ton Of the defeated armies is one of
the striking features of the whole war.
The swift-moving events gave the ma
ton cohesiveness it had not there
tofore possessed, and to those who
have watched this transformation the
recent successful offensive of the new
armies under General Diaz proved no
surprise.
Italy is tremendous factor in the
war with the nation united in purpose.
Her sacrifices have been great, but
when the final victory comes it will be
found that the peninsular kingdom has
bdone much to bring about the result.
= = y
The New Jersey legislature has recent
lily reaffirmed the states local option
policy The prohibition amendists will be
wasting time and money If they try
to have their measure ratified there.
tuition Of the United States three-fourths
Of the states must vote in the affirma-
tive before an amendment proposition
can be ratified. Thirteen negative votes.
therefore, will defeat proposed amend
ment Many conservative observers think
that national prohibition will be killed
with at least three votes to spare.
+ +
One Of our Distinguish Ok res
idents says Germany mus na Fsipped
to her knees before the wogla n i be
safe. And this ex-Presider ret the
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
James RuhIc Visitor

IT had a pleasant visit Thursday
from my good friend, James Ruble, VINO
is now living in Cleveland, o." said Ben
We'll.
Mr. Ruble formerly held an important
position with the Tennessee company at
tie Ensley mills, but is now in charge of
important construction work in Cleve-
land. He has just completed plant for
an airplane building there. 1t was
rush job and the government insisted
that it be finished in 60 days. number
of contractors and engineers said the
work simply couldn't be done in that
time. Mr.. Ruble said he could build II in
60 days. secured the job and actually
completed 1t in So days.
HE is on his way to the Florida coast
for a few days fishing and stopped over
for day or two with old friends"
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
MUST HAVE BEEN THAT WAY

From the Boston Transcript.
THE fortune teller told Bighedde's
wife that she'd have two husband and
that the second would be very fine
man"
Doesn't Bighedde take that as rather
a reflection on him.
'Oh, no. He merely thinks his wife
must have been married before and
never told him.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
Travelling Hard Work

II spent Thursday in Atlanta" said r.
NJ. Burnett" and I put in most of the
time on the business streets and in the
stores, and was surprised to find how
few soldiers were in the city. 1t must
have been an off-day for I do not think
I saw over a dozen during the entire
day.
Il advise those who do not have to
travel to stay at home. l left Atlanta
about p. m. Thursday afternoon and
reached Birmingham at 2 a. M, and this
on local.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
WAKING UP At LAST
From the Baltimore American.

From the Baltimore American.
Germany and Austria are apparently
or the point of realizing Lincoln's HIS
toric words that you can't fool all tn,
people all the time, whether the deceive
be a demagogue or Kaiser. The peorl,
OF those nations have about been fooIes
to the top Of their bent, and the inevit
able reaction is coming
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
Good Highways and
Proper Maintenance

iEVERY good roads convention
Ia marks progress in educating
the public. Great interest has been
developed in all parts of the country
in road building. If the south was
slow in taking hold of the good roads
movement it has made ST. des II re-
cent years.
Alabama has an efficien way
commission and state hie way gi-
neer who ranks as one of the hes in
the United States. Within TIE past
three years there has hecn note
worthy achievement. Eve good
roads meeting has aroused pegpis to
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
WOULDN'T sTART EVEN THAT

From the Boston Transcript
what became of that sign you had in
your bank which read: If you're looking
for trouble, start something
cob, we had to take it down. New
,aN omers read it and were afraid to
81 a bank account
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
Capacity Audiences

1 am beginning to think that the usf-
ers at the First Methodist church have
hard job" said Sam Erckert. 1T am
always glad to do my part, and we well
come visitors. but last Sunday we were
just overrun and couldn't begin to seat
the crowds that flocked out to hear Dr.
Stuart.
1T was so jammed that / gave up my
standing room to stranger and went
home. It's some push when an usher
tails to provide a place for himself"
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02

ESPECIALLY THE EGGS

From the Boston Transcript.
What lucky man you are" said the
city relative. ito raise all you need to
eat"
Yes replied the farmer "but gosh
blame it, the stuff is all worth so much
money it seems rank extravaganza to eat
it,"
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02

BEGINNING THE DAY-AImighty
and AIi-holy; o Thou, who desirest
my goodness and art fully able to
compass it, IL / Will only open my
heart; L would begin this day with
Thee. 1 would continue it in Thy
presence, 1 would close 1T before
Thy face. Amen.-H. Nj. e.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
wEEDs NO HINDRANCL

s'pera the Brooklyn Citizen
lfArold- There's one good thing I'D.
i6ew's weeds.
howard What's that?
A,orold- They rarely interfere VIE ne
Ii with Of orange blossoms.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
HIS CIRCUS

From the Boston Transcript
Willie-Have much fun watchin' the
New Year in?
Tommy-You bet. Cause was watch
in sister and her beau watch the New
Year in
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
SCRAMBLED HISTORY

From the Chicago News
History, too, is being scrambled :
the Russian front. In battle betwcs
Ukranians and bolsheviki the latter Al
pesled to the Austrian military CONNIE.
for help!
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02

From the Boston Transcript.
Doctor-Your daughter, madam, is suf-
fering from constitutional inertia.
The Girl-There, ma, And you've been
saying l was simply lazy.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
HEAT UNDER THE COLLAR

From the Boston Transcript.
PA, what causes heat and cold?"
THE janitor, my son."
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
"LITTLE BREECHEs,

laid upon the American housewife
onnize on fat!
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
BETWEEN NURSES

From the Boston Transcript.
"Oh, Alice, my patient has just pro
posed to me-"
Had another delirious spell. did he?'
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
HOW ABOUT TT.

Nrom the Brooklyn Citizen
I Ne-Darling, you're looking prSstiey
every day.
sEs--Then why do you want to nMFEy
ma 20 soon. Why not wait, if that's The
ease?
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02

Awake remembrance of these valiant
dead,
And with your puissant arm renew
their feats. Henry ".
T. Il y
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02
member of the Associated Press

Member of the Associated Press
The Age-Herald is the only morning
and Sunday newspaper in Birmingham
carrying the Associated Press dis
patches.
The Associated Press is exclusively
entitled to the use for republication
of all news dispatches credited to 1t
or not otherwise credited in this paper
and also the local news published
herein.
All rights of republication of spe-
cial dispatches herein are also re-
served.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02

Washington bureau, 207 Hibbs build
ing.
European bureau, Henrietta street.
Covent Garden. London.
Eastern business office, Rooms AZ 10
80, inclusive, Tribune building, New
York city; western business OFFICE
Tribune building, Chicago. The $. G.
Beckwith Special Agency. agents for
foreign advertising.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02

TELEPHONE
Bell (private exchange connecting
all dcpartments) Main 1900.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-02-02


One of our distinguish oxf res
idents says Germany mus na sF'sipped
to her knees before the wers1 w8ll be
safe. And this ex-Presidaf ret the
one famed for belligereE
The Washington herald., 1918-10-13
FOR SALE-MlSCELLANEOUS.

GROCERY SPECIALITY. DESKS. TRUNKS,
chairs typewriter. printing press, sutoharp, etc.
Store and large room for rent cheap. t6 st-
NV, Monday. ocl3
The Washington herald., 1918-10-13
STlNGY LANDLORDS
TO BE PROSECUTED
Order to Compel Heating Roomins
Houses Issued.

Landlords Of roOming and apart.
ment houses who refuse to turn on
the heat arc subject to prosecution.
An order 20 this effect was issued
Yesterday by the health commIs-
stoners 10 aid in the campaisp
against Influenza. The police viii
search out violators OF this emer-
gency health regulation.
over forty complaints were in the
mail yesterday at police headouar-
ters. These complaints were against
cold rooms, and charges were made
that influenza had resulted.
The scarcity OF grave diFgers fs
becoming serious matter. Health
ohcer Fowler yesterday considered
appealing 70 the military authori-
ties for relief in this direction. SOL
diers may be called into service and
dispatched TO the cemeteries.
High school boys Of Wilmington
are acting as grave diggers. and il
is believed the commissioners would
accept a similar service here.
The Washington herald., 1918-10-13
DIED.

ALExANpER-on Friday, October II;
1918, at Il:2O a. m, at zoos Third
street southeast. ARTHUR L.
ALEXANDER. Body at Hindle's,
Fifth and H streets northwest.
Funeral (private) today at p. m.
ALExANDER-on Saturday. October
70, 1918, at 5:45 a. m, in Baltimore,
Nd, OLIVIA ASHWOOD ALEX
AMBER (nee Johnson: daughter
of Joseph L. and Mary A. Johnson.
Notice of funeral later.
ARNoLD-on Friday, October II. 1918,
at her residence: M X street
JONEs ARNOLD. widow of the
late George NJ. Arnold:
Funeral (private) on Tuesday at
1870 a. m. Baltimore papers
please copy)
AvERY-On Thursday, October 10,
1918, at 7:45 o'clock. of pneumonia,
JAMES NOBLE AVERY, husband
Of James D. and Cora o. Avery.
aged IS years.
Funeral from his parents residence,
Ti5 q street southwest, tomorrow
at 2:SO D. m. Interment private.
BAGBY-Departed this life on We'd
nesday, october Q. 1918. after an
illness or q one one S week ,s,oLds SLdFTOM ON
of Henrietta Chapman (nee Dor
sey), and devoted grandson Of the
late Johanna Dorsey.
Funeral from his late residence, 81
Delaware avenue southwest, to-
day at o'clock. Relatives and
friends respectfully invited.
BATSON--On Saturday. October u.
1918, at his residence, the Wood
Apartment. 21s T street northeast.
CHARLES D.. the beloved bus-
band OF Katherine Batson (nee
FSnsrsi tprivate, from ~ n Greet
The Washington herald., 1918-10-13
WANTED

LABORERS for general
work in GLENWOOD
CEMETERY at good pay.
Men to clean roadways
and cutters, weed and for
scythe moving and sod
ding. etc, also grayedig-
gers at once. Apply to
the Superintendent at the
Cemetery on Lincoln ave.
The Washington herald., 1918-10-13
HERALD WANT ADS Phe'
FOR SALE-HOuSES.

FOR s1LE-SR0OM BUNGALOW ON
acres at Columbia Place. Washingtou's sarsen
suburb; garden. poultry house. garage aud
modern improvements, near car line; is minutes
from city. Also beautiful acre tracts at Sl2D
per month. Liberty bonds accepted - cash.
lumbil Columbia Land Co.. Arlington, Va.
FOR SALEM BR0oKLAND, HOUSE OF
l2 rooms and garage, for 1900. on easy terms
For information. McLachlsn Banking Corpora
tion, 10th and @ SITS. NV. ocls-a
The Washington herald., 1918-10-13
RAINS BLESS TEXAS.

Fort Worth. Tex, Oct l2-Heayy
rains have brought sunshine 10 the
hesyts Of people in 100 drought area
counties and today farmers and their
families are returning to farms they
had abandoned. The rain Is estimated
to be worth s2s.0oo.0oo 10 the agricul-
tural and live stock interests. The
ground has received sufficient moist
ure to insure the planting OF the lars !,
est grain acreage IN the states his-'
tory and pasturase will be excellent
The Washington herald., 1918-10-13

W. T. Shepherd, Pb.D., Principal. sn llth
It NV. Tel. Main 7ess. Day. night, oo-eduea-
tionL Individual instruction. Grades, high
school; also advanced work. languages, mathe-
MATES scienee-diploma. Psychology; courses in
efficiency; shorthand. type~riting. Moderate
rsteS selSSt
The Washington herald., 1918-10-13
BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS.

WINDOW SCREENS AND SHADES.
WINDOW SHADES MADE TO ORDER.
Best Opaque on e. n. Rollers.
]. G. PREINKERT. lD0 Il st. ne.
Phone l. lf tbs
The Washington herald., 1918-10-13
ST. ALBANS

The National Cathedral School for Boy,
Country Day and Boarding School
Reopens Wednesday. September d, 1878
BISHOP OF WASHINGTON,
President Of Board Of Tr1stees
WILLIAM W CHURCH
Head Master.
Telephone Cleveland Eo. sea+gr
The Washington herald., 1918-10-13
REAL ESTATE,

) LARGE LOTS MARTINS FOURTH ADDI.
ton Chevy Chase. Washington. d. O. Corner
Excellent for home or investment. Fine view
excellent neighborhood Reasonable, quick sale.
d. G. TRoTT, Twin Falls. Idaho ocl3-lt
The Washington herald., 1918-10-13
TOBACCO CURE.
PERSONALS.

WoRKINGMEN-lT WILL GO ON RECORD
that a small store with lower rent and over
head expenses, doing fair business, can have
q stock of ine-Eade new Pants and sell them
fast enough to justify earring q big selec-
tion. with lower prices-s2 up-all marked plain.
JUSTH'S OLD STAND, 6l9 d.
The Washington herald., 1918-10-13
WANTED-AGENTS.
HELP WANTED-MALE.

WANTED = Is CARPENTERS;
United States Housing Corpora
ton. 9TH and D Sts. Sc. Apply
RICHARDSON & BURGESS. Inc.
hours J a. m. to 7 p. m. every day
except Sunday. ocI3-2t
MEN FOR SATURDAY NIGHT
and Sunday work; $40 per
night. S4.I8 per day. Apply Time
keeper. AMERICAN RAILWAY
EXPRESS CO.. End and | ne,
$50 p. m. Saturday. $50 a. m.
Sunday. ocl3-lt
WANTED-CAR REPAIR MEN,
car cleaners (white or colored).
hrst-class locomotive machinists.
hrst-class boilermakers. Time and
a half for overtime. Top salaries.
Apply ROOM 3O8, Union Station.
The Washington times., 1918-07-28

to hide quickly portion of the hull, the smoke
stack or some other part of the ship. Then the
fixed apparatus renders great service by permit
ting the instantaneous discharge of clouds of
smoke.
1t sometimes happens that the submarine
rather than submerge and abandon the chase has
recourse itself to the smoke screen to conceal
itself mOmentarily from the sight of ship whose
fire is very accurate.
Special instructions illustrated by pictures
have been printed for the use of captains to
enable them to familiarize themselves with this
new defensive method and to understand what
they must do under certain circumstances of the
present war. These smoke tactics recall those
of the octopuses, which are provided with sacs
filled with black liquid which they discharge
in order to escape from a hungry enemy, such
as a shark, which pursues them. Nature has
foreseen everything.
Camouhage, that word which so quickly took
its place in the American language, with a dozen
shades of meaning is undoubtedly one of the
most valuable methods of protecting ships from
submarine attack.
Everybody who has been in one of our Eastern
harbors knows that ships go out painted in all
the colors of the rainbow, in the most fantastic
manner conceivable. To many persons they
suggest "cubist" painting That is marine
camoufege.
Originally the idea of marine camoufage was
to paint a ship so that she would be confused
with the colors of the sea and sky-gray and
blue Then a more ingenious scientific idea was
suggested of painting them in such cOlors that
The Washington times., 1918-07-28

The first apparatus consists of hollow con-
tainer supported by three feet, between which
are arranged two metallic cylinders similar to
those used for carbonic-acid in commerce. Each
contains gas of different nature under pressure.
The mixture of these two gases produces the
smoke. By opening the valve the gases escape
through tubes fixed in the mouth of the cylin-
ders. The gases come together in the container
where the mixture is effected. The size of the
cylinders permits the emission of smoke for
period of twenty minutes, which can be stopped
when desired by closing the valve.
Then there are the smoke boxes, which are
dropped at intervals and spread fog over the
water, which hides the U-boats prey.
This apparatus includes cylinder containing
a smoke-producing charge in the form of paste
and ring-shaped buoy. In the upper part of
the cylinder are three percussion lighters, which
are worked by pulling on a cord and which set
fire to the charge within period of seven or
eight seconds, so that there is time for the men
to throw the apparatus into the sea without
being burned. The arrangement is similar to
that of our grenades The duration of discharge
of the smoke screen is twenty minutes as in the
other machine. They also make this apparatus
without buoy, in order that it may be used on
ships too heavily loaded on deck to provide a
place for the fixed apparatus on a tripod. The
operation Of producing the smoke is then carried
out in any kind of barrel.
Nearly all ships are now provided with the
fixed and movable types of apparatus and largely
supplied with cylinders and other smoke-produc.
ing charges. The different kinds of smoke pro-
The Washington times., 1918-07-28

that many scenes of unspeakable horror have
occurred again and again in the depths of the
ocean. Men trapped in disabled U-boat find
themselves faced with suffocation in the most
terrible form If the electrical machinery is
disarranged or flooded with water the chemicals
give forth poisonous gases. 1t is impossible to
escape by opening the hatchway when the boat
is at great depth on account of the pressare Of
the water. Germans have been found in wrecked
submarines who had killed one another in dread
The Washington times., 1918-07-28

duced are a yellowish-white or blackish- gray,
according to the material used. They have the
common characteristic of forming cloud with
out an opening in it. which moves in mass with.
out separating The clouds remain nearly at
the height at which they are discharged, but with
a tendency to fall.
Small apparatuses of the second type are made
for small boats such as patrol boats, fishing boats,
pilot boats, etc. The duration of the discharge
of the smoke is the same, but the volume of the
The Washington times., 1918-07-28

skilfully distributed over a
certain area, the chances of
destroying a submarine are
very good.
Aeroplanes are becoming
increasingly effective in de-
tecting and destroying the
U-bosts. The hydroplane is
a form of aeroplane specially
adapted for warfare at sea,
either alone or in combina-
ton with warships. It is able
to ride on the surface Of the
water when necessary.
Warships conveying trans
ports or patroiling the ocean
carry hydroplanes, which fly
out over the ocean hunting
for submarines and return to
the ship, according to a regu-
lar schedule. Other hydro
planes 90 out from the. ports
to look for U-boats in coastal
waters.
Aeroplanes possess an enor-
nous advantage over ships in
detecting submarines, owing
to certain optical laws. An
object under water, at the
angle at which an observer
on the ship would see it, is
seen completely displaced
from It's real position, owing
to the change in the direction
of light passing from air to
water. Moreover, the in
equalities of the surface of
the water destroy its trans
parency when viewed at a
slanting angle.
The nearer an observer
can come to a perpendicular
position above a submerged
submarine the more clearly
can he detect it. Hence the
aviator, when he flies over a
submarine, can see the lat
ter, even though he,is flying
very high and the submarine
is very deep in the water. If
the light is fairly good, the
deeply submerged U-boat ap-
pears as q dark streak some
what like q fish seen far
down.
When the hydroplane has
detected the U-boat it dives
down to the surface, as a
watching seagull dashes at a .
fish, and drops a depth bomb
over the spot.
Some hydroplanes also
carry wireless and send word
to the destroyers. These
come flying to the scene, and,
ound the U-boat on every side
inmate it.
, by lying still in a muddy sea
hey call it. In such cases the
drag the bottom with a steel
the U-boat. Two destroyers
n and two running in another
knot AS soon as the subma-
, It's delicate machinery upset
from naval men which prove
The Washington times., 1918-07-28

smoke Is considerably
less.
The ship protected by
the smoke screen ma
noeuvres so that this
screen, which is driven
by the wind, is always
between itself and the en-
emy. The. latter is then
unable to see the points
where his shells fall and
cannot regulate his fire,
or register" as it is
technically called. Skill
in manoeuvring is an es-
sential condition of sue
cess; it is necessary that
the enemy as far as pos
sible should see nothing,
or almost nothing, Of the
boat, and as the ship, is
obliged to make a zigzag
course it is not an easy
thing to keep it within
the limits Of the moving
smoke screen. At certain
moments it is desirable
The Washington times., 1918-07-28

they would blend into the color
! !. ! ! : ! !. ! ]. !: !. ! ! ! J : ! ! !
of the atmosphere, and thus Gre
ate the illusion that there was
nothing in sight. Strange as
it may seem, this was theoret-
ically possible, but proved in
efectual in practice because Of
the constant changing Of light
and atmosphere -
The newest idea Ia eamoufage Ny
is to paint ship not to make
her invisible, but to make her
shapeless mass in appearance, =
so that she will be very difficult
to aim at with shell or torpedo.
An artist who has been engaged
in designing this kind of cam
outage explained
"The latest conception treats low visibility as
a secondary consideration, seeking primarily to
destroy the form and character Of vessel, and
so make her hard to hit, even though her pres
ence may be evident to the waiting submarine.
This is accomplished by the use Of large masses
of contrasting color, which at a distance give
the impression of shadows where none exist, and
distract the eye from those that do exist.
Sometimes an attempt is made to give a ship
a false bow or stern. Sometimes the aim is to
break her in two. The fundamental idea is to-
destroy all lines and all contour. Vessels so
treated frequently look at a distance as if they
had great holes in their hulls. They have the
aspect Of derelicts, or ships that have been
wrecked by bombardment from enemy guns.
%The object of destroying the lines and con-
tour of ship is twofold:
"Q) 1t makes it hard for the submarine to
gauge the distance between her and the vessel.
''(2) 1t renders it difficult to determine from
the submarine how the steamship is heading
The United States War Risk Bureau allows a
lower rate Of insurance to merchant ships using
any of the forms of camoufage approved by the
United States Shipping Board. This is proof of
the practical value of camouhage.
Many other ingenious devices are now in use
to protect our ships against the submarine pi-
rates. Among these is the microphone detectOr,
u z