davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
) AS to Diving
| And Emerging

There are also decided limitations
in submarine navigation and opera
tion. The popular idea of a U-boat
emerging and diving again with por-
poise ease is quite erroneous. If she
attempts to go down at an angle of
more than IL degrees her bat
terry tanks overflow, leaving her a
helpless, floating hulk. Abrupt dives
are also very dangerous. A subma-
rine commander told me that his hair
had often stood on end when, on a
quick dive, his vessel went down and
down till he thought he could never
stop her. Doubtless, many U-boat
has gone headlong into the deeps
where the terrific pressure would
crush her iron sides like an eggshell.
No, once on the surface, large
U-boat would require several min
utes to submerge, and if she be
seen by destroyer her fate is al
most surely sealed; for no matter to
what depth she may go, the telltale
wake floats up to the surface. A
depth mine dropped at it's head
closes the incident.
Neither can a U-boat cruise in
definitely under water. Seventy to
one hundred miles is the limit. After
that it must come up to recharge its
batteries while steaming along the
surface. If it be sighted on emerg-
ing with it's batteries exhausted, it's
situation becomes desperate. There
is case on record of three German
submarines so caught that lay
for forty-eight hours on the bottom
listening to the chug-chug of the
patrol screws above. Two that tried
to sneak away in the night were
sunk. The third surrendered.
Surface cruising also has its
limits. At low speed submarines
radius runs up to 5000 or 1000
miles, but good deal of this mile
age is used up in coming and going
between the hunting grounds and
the base, and if much high speed
work is done in long, stern chases
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26

tremendous Office structures that mn.
such heavy impost on the transporta-
tlon lines. With an existing BODY
given such power, or a board espe-
clally appointed for the purpose. the
city can guard itself against growing
dlscomforts and increasing difficulty
IN reaching places of business in the
congested belt.
The clothing industry is at present
centred at Madison Square," said Mr..
Whitney. "Workers are brought from
The Bronx and Harlem along the self
same route that brokers, business men
and clerks must travel. They live IN
those localities because the rent is
cheap in comparison to the scale OBJ
tanning in more convenient neighbor-
hoods. There is at present the nucleus
OF prospering garment manufacture
ing section in Brownsville, to which the
new subway extension penetrates.
Sites Tor homes and apartment houses
abound. A transplantation of that in
oustry to some such spacious section
OF greater New York would relieve the
subway of a quota of passengers that
would make the landlords of a city of
the size of Yonkers double their rents
and would precipitate building boom
besides. AS sixty out of every hun
dred passengers originating north OF
Ninety-sixth Street come from The
Bronx, and these are for the most
part concerned in manufactures, would
it not be wise to defect this maelstrom
by diagonal routes to new factory dis
tricts created where there is room for
them?
On Zoning
By Trades
"One of the best things that has
happened to this city, considering its
one big and ever growing problem. was
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
size, which once more demands
more armor-and so on.

size, which once more demands
more armor-and so on.
Such a vessel, if produced, would
present a deeper target for torpe-
do than any destroyer, and only
one would be required to send her
to the bottom. She would stand
a poor chance in stand-up battle
with the group of destroyers that
are always to be found with a con-
voy. She would also require full
100 feet Of water for safe maneu-
wiring, and would so find it quite
difficult to operate among the shoals
and shadows of British home waters
where her prey would be principally
found. Lastly, she could only give
chase to one vessel at time; so, on
the whole, would be less effective
than the present type of U-boats. AS
two years have passed since the Ger
mans first talked of "undersea
cruisers" we can rest assured that
after balancing the increased cost in
time, labor, money and materials
against possible advantages, the Ger
man naval constructors have pro-
nounced against them. There is no
good reason for us to make night
mare out Of this particular German
dream.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
Compared With
Building Operation

Let me say, in emphasis of this con-
tention, that it requires from three to
five years, in normal times, to con-
struct dual subway system, such as
the one about to be opened to the
public, on which S33O,0O0,O0O is being
spent" Mr.. Whitney told the inter-
viewer, in touching on the causes of
subway congestion. Contrast this with
the building of business structure
OF the proportions of the Equitable
Building, which is ready for occupancy
IN about year and which adds fifteen
thousand people to the crush already
choking the particular subway station
nearest to it. On the basis of ten
car train, as usually constituted during
the rush hours, each of such trains Of
fering five hundred seats and carving
again as many standees, it would re-
quire at least ten trains to take care
of this accession of. passengers alone.
AS thirty-four trains can be run with
safety in an hour, you see that the
occupants of one building of sky-
scraper dimensions for whose location
the subway is in no way responsible
can crowd trains for almost half an
hour.
Multiply such an instance by all
the big downtown as we'll as uptown
Office buildings In mind. and remember
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
Spreading the
Travelling Population

Limitation of the height of build.
ings, according to the basic space they
occupy" resumed Mr.. Whitney, as a
great aid in the equalization of the
city's passenger traffic. 1t will spread
the travelling population over wide,
area. Legislation to bring this abou,
has been successful, although under
taken without cognizance of it's effects
on the subway situation. Further leg.
islation, with this object directly in
view. now must be secured to control
the location Of industry and Of thu
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26

their bombs from the sky; the lit
tie patrol boats, always ready to
engage in one of those desperate
sea duels where no quarter is asked
or given; and, finally, the destroyer,
which, because of it's swiftness and
agility, remains the U-boat's chief
foe. So deadly foe is the latter,
indeed, that the Germans have
talked both loudly and long of un-
dersea cruisers to chase it off the
seas.
What Enlarging
U-Boats Mean
BY certain alarmists among us
this boasting was given credence-
just as the German intended. Most
of it was manufactured, as matter
of fact, for foreign consumption
The Hun naval authorities are quite
aware of certain limitations that
make against such a boat. Add ar
NOR plate to a vessel, and her size
must be increased to provide more
buoyancy. Increased bulk calls for
heavier internal structure, heavier
engines, heavier gun platforms for
larger guns; larger quarters for a
larger crew; larger fuel and water
ballast tanks; all of which calls fo,
Nmore buoyancy-that is, increased
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26

kept thousand of his kind voyag-
ing those dangerous seas, the same
spirit that had brought him and
many another like him off best in
U-boat duels, the same spirit that
animated that fine old skipper of
the North Sea who with both legs
shot off and his vessel sinking or
dered his crew to throw him and
the code books into the sea together.
So let us allow his repentance and
permit the incident, unfortunately
c,e of many, to serve to illustrate at
once the merits and faults of the
convoy system.
The Convoy and
Merits of the System
Its merits, taking them first, have
been abundantly proved by the de-
crease in mercantile sinkings since
the old patrol system was aban-
doned. Under the latter the de-
stroyer and patrol fleets were scat
tered like pawns over vast checker
board that ruled off the British
home waters, across which mer-
chant vessels moved from one check
to another. Though they were
hunted necessarily, the U-boats
managed to pick up in these days
somewhere between thirty and fifty
ships a week. But after Allied ship
ping was grouped in conveys and
sent through the danger zone under
destroyer escorts the weekly average
fell to eighteen large ships or less
and four or five small ones. During
the last eight months of 1917, in
deed, the American and British de-
stroyer fleets conveyed over $50 900
vessels in and out of Allied ports
with loss Of only one-eighth of
per cent.
Perhaps the best proof of the
effectiveness of the convoy system
is furnished by the English Channel
passage. Through the lanes of
destroyers, aeroplanes, "blimps,"
transports and supply ships have
moved for three years with perfect
safety. Now an oceangoing convoy
is merely section of Channel pas
sage far out at sea, and if as we'll
guarded is equally safe.
A certain number of destroyers
to a certain number of merchant
vessels has been required for per-
feet safety; and that conveys of
thirty vessels with half that number
of destroyers are practically safe
was proved, at least to my satisfac-
ton, during a cruise l recently
made when a number of our vessels
escorted a total Of sixty vessels
distance of 1900 miles in ten days
through waters infested with SUBJ
marines. To the right and left.
ahead and astern, U-boats were con-
stantly being reported. Often we
crossed their courses. No doubt
they had us under observation most
of the time. But, mark this! We
sank the only one that had the
nerve to attack us and sent it's crew
of four officers and thirty-six men
back to our base. Another signif-
cant fact-while we passed in safe
ty unescorted vessels were being
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26

bulk of the U-boat weekly bag is
taken from unescorted ships. A
further advantage is to be found in
the fact that no matter how much
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26

sunk all around us. Five were tor
pedoed, indeed, in less than four
hours, three of which went to the
bottom. AS a matter of fact, the
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26

ing buildings downtown onto empty
lots and slums. With the through
trains on the new Seventh Avenue line
about to be put into operation, the
scope of this neglected territory,
which is as convenient to the subway
as the solidly 'built-up block from
the bridge to the Battery, is widened
to an even greater extent
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
On Zoning
| By Trades

"One of the best things that has
happened to this city, considering its
one big and ever growing problem. was
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26

ing 40 or so per cent of German
submarines" The loss of the ves-
sells, it should be remembered, is ag-
gravated by that of the torpedoes
they carry. The smaller boats usu-
ally carry ten; the larger and later
types about twenty.
The High Cost
Of Torpedoes
Now a torpedo is an extremely
complex piece of mechanism that
takes months of time and thousands
of dollars to build. Indeed, the en-.
tire yearly output of the Uniteo
States Naval Torpedo Works befoie
the war was only twelve Accoro,
ingly, if U-boat is sunk outwafe
bound with a full complement o.
twenty torpedoes-which happens
quite often-their loss is more SER
Gus than that of the vessel. II =
highly improbable that any U-pos
goes down without some torpedoe
1t is also comforting to know tnss
an average of four or five torpedos
are shot away for every vessel s''ns:
The twenty vessels sunk per wes.
cost the German government I,
torpedoes alone close on half mn
ion dollars.
Such a mortality in crews, se
, pedoes and submarines could onv
, be justified by great accompns
ment. Germany has acknowlede
to the world her hope of winning t
war through the submarine
paign; so with this knowledge g M
chief factors, let us look at The e,
uation as it exists at the cIoee
1917.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-06-27
FROM SOLDIERS
From Chas. Scho1eld.

Editor Times:
The Hart Courier-Tribune has a let
ter from Chas scoAeld and 7 believe he
has good many friends in Hammond
that would like 70 read 4, as he has
spent all his life in Hammond. except
the last three years Of his life
MRS. O. NJ sCOFIELD.
Hart Mich. Il F D /
The letter follows.
Just a few lines TO let your readers
know how the boys in "kack" are get
ing along down IN this neck OF the
woods
This camp IS training coast artillery
only. il is one OF the oldest forts In
the country heing built BY the French
early in the eighteenth century and
While Il is for the most part a training
camp a. present. u Is also we'll equip
ped for actual warfare. While the fort
was built before the ten, twelve and
fourteen inch guns were thought % il
would be able to stand quite a siege
as its armament did not stop with the
howitzers 81 long ago, but Is OF the
most improved type
While I can not give the number or
size Of the guns. suffice It to say that
no fear was felt for the part we would
IN fact instead Of increasing the
strength here several boats left here
at the hrst alarm for the hunt Of the
ka!sers pets and If any OF the subs
had gotten into Narragansett Bay they
would have gotten a warm reception
The older men in service here are
being sent across and the fresh troops
are put on the guns here to be replaced
later by more rockies and then over
there" for Us
The coast artillery "a not as some
think. coast defense alone. but Is used
in the field on larger than SIX inch guns
and are ding good work in France at
1.-THE present time
L takes longer to train men FOR
this branch ~ the service than any
other branch. except aviation radio
and other special duty men. as We
are given 4 thorough infantry drilling
before we are put on the batteries.
We have = fine place here on Nara
gansett BAY right next door 10 New
ports -Four Hundred
We sometimes take a hike out into
the country and il reminds one % an
English novel passing by all the coun-
Try homes Of the multt-milliona aires
with their fine grounds and each with
2 sd-e-Asspet -vuse al tae entrance.
We are surrounded by water except a
narrow piece OF land to the south
Have plenty 10 eat. good comfortable
sleeping quarters. fine salt water for
bathing and good entertainment a the
Y. NJ c. 4. And by the way. no one
who has spent a week or more IN one
q Uncle Sans training camps viii
ever know what a grand work the Y
II c A s doing for the bows Who have
left home and All that life holds dear.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-06-27
VOICE OF
-.saA THE Mn.-
p E O p L E
Street Car Service.

Ed.tor Times:
have sent the following letter to
MAJOR Dan Brown:
To the Honaroble Daniel Brown.
Mayor Of the City or Hammond,
Dear Sir:
Is there no relief for the working
classes OF Hammond to be packed IN
street cars ike sardines in a box. not
only while going to and from work,
but during all hours % the dar.
Perhaps when your term OF Office
expires. YOU will want the voters Of
Hammond to do YOU a good turn again.
but II YOU cannot keep your pre-elec-
ton promise TO give Us better street
car service. YOU certainly will be put
into the discard Think II over and
70 after the street car corporation
They certainly are making enough
money to put on some extra cars and
give us at least q little comfort. even
= they do put on cars that ought to
go TO the junk pile.
Now Mr.. Mayor get UP and do some
thing for the suffering working classes
and get the good wishes and support
OF your past supporters and their
friends who travel daily between East
Hammond. East Chicago and Indiana
Esrbor.
Yours very truly
One Of the Strap Hangers
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-06-27

are ali I know anything about they
are way off
a slice Ct bread IN the plate means
a week. kitchen service and q second
offense means the guard house
The first instructions We got at Co
lumous. was-~cIean your plates. don't
take any more than YOU want to eat
and don't leave crgmb."
Yours for success.
Private Chas II SchoAeld
esrd Co c. 4 G.. Fort Adams r l.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-06-27

to follow where Old Glory leads.
III take my hat on to them FOR their
part IN this scrap for Worlds Free
dom.
As said before, We get plenty OF
good wholesome food, bur II any one
thinks there IS any waste going on
here or at Columbus barracks. (Which
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-06-27

Buy Thrift Stamp and lick the
Hun.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-06-27

north the Lady Of the Cameilias,"
gave each one OF them camellias
from her wonderful garden al Rich
mond They were fortunate in
battle. The daughter Of that gift
lady gave the boys camellias when
caev marched away to the Spanish
War They were lucky, too. Now
Hephzibah E. Kendrick, grand
daughter Of the Third Lady Of the
Camelhas. is giving the flowers to
boys leaving TO fight the Hun.
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1918-12-07
POSTAL EMPLOYEES
TO GET JOBS BACK
Men Who Enlisted VIII Also Get
Benefits of Salary Increases
and Promotions.

The Postal Bulletin, received at the
local post Office this morning, states
that all postal employees who have
been honorably discharged from the
military or naval service of the United
States shall be reinstated in their po-
sitions within a reasonable time after
such discharge. and that they shall re-
sumo their duties at the salary to
which they would automatically have
been prom oted had they remained in
the postal service.
This also applies to substitutes. and
if a substitute has been promoted to
a regular position while the head sub
stitute is in the service, the one who
has received the prom otion shall be
reduced to the head of the substitute
list and the returned employee receive
the promotion that he would have
gained had he not enlisted or entered
the service.
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1918-12-07
CITY ITEMS

Rev G. NJ. Missirian is residing at
242 Chestnut street.
In a letter received by William r.
Foley, the chiropractor, Lieutenant
William E. Norton, stationed at Camp
Beauregard, La, says that he expects
to be discharged from the army soon.
and he will resume his dental practice
in New Britain.
New Britain lodge of Elks will give
gifts to choulden at Christmas as has
been its custom in the past A COM
mittee has been appointed and mem
bers contribute to a fund to buy
sweaters, stockings, gloves and other
useful gifts.
Tegner lodge, Order Of vasa, sent
a bowling team to New York today
to enter bowling tournament in that
city A delegation Of members accom-
panied the team.
Today is the tag day for the italian
Red Cross. The proceeds Of the cam
paign will be used for the treatment
Of soldiers who have contracted tuber-
culosis while in the service. New
Britain's quota is $4,000, and 1T is
hoped to double that sum.
Privates Daniel Earles and Frank
Bennett have been discharged from
the army at Camp Devens
The driving chain on one Of the
large trucks owned by Miner, Read
& TuIlock collapsed on Church street
this morning and held up traffic for
about half an hour. The 7.55 Chest
nut street and the 7:58 Hartford cars
out of the center were held Up for
about 20 minutes, as 1t was impos-
sible to move the car until repairs
were made.
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1918-12-07
NAME THREE COPS.
Flynn, Sharpe and McAyoy Appointed
Regular PatroIn1en

The board voted to discharge Pa
met last night and appointed three
officers to the regular force. They
are Michael J. Flynn Of 1908 Stanley
street, Peter McAvoy of 231 Wash
ington street and Albert Sharpe OF
81 Rockwell avenue.
Officer Michael Meehan resigned
yesterday after seven years service.
The board voted to discharge Pa
trolman John Anderson for the good
of the service. Chief Rawlings
suspended him a short time ago for
conduct unbecoming an officer. The
resignation of Patrolnan Thomas
Heslin was accepted and will take
effect December Ia. The resignation
of Supernumerary officer Henry
Friedman was also accepted.
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1918-12-07
FRATERNITIES ARE
CAUSING TROUBLE
Rival CIiques at High School--So-
Called Greek Letter FratS-
Making Selves Felt.

What may be a thora in the side of
the n. E. III. s. basketball team, and
have serious effects on the success of
the team has made its appearance in
the form of sort of sympathy
strike" by number of the promis-
ing basketball candidates and a few
of the members of last yehr's team.
The sympathy strike was started
following the first practice held this
week when Billy Burns, one of the
strong arms of last years team, failed
to appear for practice. Some of the
friends of Burns, believing that it
was his intention to leave the team
because of the action of the football
squad in not electing him to the cap
taincy of next years team, announced
their intention of staying away from
practice. Burns has not announced
as yet whether he intends to be a
candidate for bask etball this season
but it is proba BILE that he will be out
for the team.
Considerable comment Is being
heard at the school regarding the
outcome of the vote taken on the cap
taincy of the team for next year and
it is now openly limited that frater-
mites in the school had a great deal
to do in the election of the captain.
Three fraternities are now running
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1918-12-07
IRISH CONVENTION HERE.
Big Meeting Scheduled For Sunday,
Dec. is. to Discuss Question.

Over fifty local men will attend the
big mass meeting to be held In New
Haven Sunday afternoon by the
friends of Irish freedom. Plans have
been made to make this meeting one
Of the biggest In the history Of the
state, and men from all over the east
ern section of the country are ex-
pected to attend. Several prominent
speakers on the Irish subject have
been secured and will unravel the
anti-Irish propaganda and explain the
Irish situation as it really is.
Plans are under way for the hold
ing Of a similar celebration in this
city and if these plans mature the
celebration will be held in this city
one week from Sunday. The affair is
under the auspices of no individual
organization and the united Irish
societies Of the city will arrange for
the meeting. 1t is probable that one
of the theaters will be secured for
the meeting. AS in the case Of the
New Haven meeting prominent
speakers will talk.
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1918-12-07

strong at the school, namely, the A
I. E., the r. S. and the A. D. S. The
rivalry between the three is becom-
ing stronger. The fraternities have
as members practically every athlete
in the school. The systematic cast
ing OF the first and second choice
votes, following the New Haven
game, resulted in the election of
Crane as captain, over Billy Burns,
although Crane has been on the
squad a shorter time than Burns.
With the belief that this systematic
casting Of votes had taken from
Burns the office which he had be-
lieved he had rightfully won, his
friends have begun their so-called
sympathy strike
New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1918-12-07
HIGH SCHOOL DANCE.

The Letter Mems club of the High
school will hold a dance in the gym
nasium Friday, December IS, to close
the football season. Letters and
sweaters will be presented to the first
team men and second team letters to
the others. There will be speeches by
the faculty and coach, and a short en-
tertainment. All who attend must OBJ
tain tickets from letter men in adj
vance, as none will be sold at the
door