davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-05-17

son to spend the weekend with rela-
hives
Mayor H. B. Morse of Emporia, is in
Topeka to attend the meeting of the
grand chapter of the Eastern Star
Miss Morse is a relative of Mrs. P. b.
Morse of Van Buren, street.
Frank E. Fisher, S43 North Quincy
street. enlisted in the national army
yesterday, and will go to Jefferson
Barracks for preliminary training be-
fore going to the tank school at
Gettysburg, Pa.
John Reamy of Elmont enlisted in
the national army yesterday, and was
sent to Fort Benjamin Harrison as an
air-brake instructor.
Mr.. and Mrs. Will Wetherho1t, for
merly of North Topeka but now of
Iowa. are here. called by the death of
Mrs. Wetherholt's mother, Mrs. Wade
of Rossville.
evening at the home of Miss Esther
MUMMY at 500 Park street. Those
present were: Miss Elizabeth
Schenck, Miss Grace Carlson Miss Ag-
mes Carlson, Miss Grace Pyle, Miss
Bernice Emert, Miss Frieda Hirch-
berg. Miss Marie Harold. Mrs. Grace
Hannah and Miss MUMMY. Refresh
ments of ice cream and cake were
served.
S. E. Mcfarland, optician. Over
Graham's Clothing store.-Adv
Mr.. and Mrs. Ben Sherman of Sa-
lima have bought the property at 215
Paramore street and will make it
their home. Mrs. Sherman is in a
hospital at Salina, but on her recov-
cry the family will come to North
Topeka
Mrs. Sarah Saywell has moved from
go South Monroe street to 1925 JEFF
ferson street. Mrs. SayweIl, who is
almost 30 years old, is an expert in
all kinds of crochet work, designing
her own patterns. Her work COM
mands 4 good price, and her orders
include everything from the smaller
laces and medallions to large bed
spreads. A display of her work is
we'll worth seeing.
Mr.. A. Nixon of Hoyt, Mrs.
Charles Small and son Osborn and
daughte- Jennie Bell made up a fam-
/ lily party which motered to Mission
creek Wednesday on a fishing trip
They returned yesterday with a good
catch of channel cat, but lament the
loss of q large catfish weighing about
ten pounds. The fish was hooked but
in his struggles bent the steel rod
almost double, and finally wrapped
the line around a snag. After tryins
for three hours to free the line, it was
found necessary to cut it, and the fish
was lost.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-05-17
BRYAN is BARRED
Connection With Hearst Dispensing to
Michigan Proh1bitionists.

Detroit, Mich, May 17.-William
Jennings Bryan was barred Thursday
from takinT part in the prohibition
fight in Michigan.
The Anti-Saloon League. in a pub
lie explanation of its action, declared
Bryans usefulness to the cause of
prohibition here" had been destroyed
by Ibis recent affiliations with Will
liam Randolph Hearst in New York
politics and by his former pro-Ger-
man leaning"
The league objected because for
party ieasons'' Bryan joined Hearst.
a wet" candidate, against Whitman,
a dry leader" IN the gubernatortal
contest.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-05-17

are the trenches where our boys Hust
live. Reduce the housework to the
minimum and work for the Red Cross
This is not a question of choice, but
it may be your boys life that will be
the forfeit.
North Topeka suffers from lack of
excitement at times, but when any
thing does happen people sit up and
all at one time, yesterday afternoon,
was a record breaker for the North
side. The blaze which aroused the
neiShborhood. started in the frame
one-story dwelling at 1919 Jefferson
street, occupied by Peter F. Kelly. The
promptly on the scene, was unable to
check she flames, owing to the high,
shifting winds, and the poor water
supply. The fire spread to Nos. 1OlI
on the south. and to 1921, l023 and
1925 on the north.
The water main at the Santa Fe
junction burst, and the chemical en-
CINE was1used until the bursting OF
the hose caused the loss of all the
chemicals. The South side chemlcal
engine was called, and with Its help
together with water brought by a san
ia Fe switch engine, the fire was I'M
ally brought under control
The house at 1923 is vacant. and the
loss there was slight Kelly owns
both 1919 and 1921 Jefferson, living
in the former. The loss is estimated
at about $500 on each residence. A
Mexican family named Simonio lives
in the one-story frame at 1O17 Je1fer-
son. but the damage there was small.
Another Mexican family. headed by
Jose Kaberlino, occupies the frame
dwelling at 1925 Jefferson street
where the damage was insignificant
The entire loss will not exceed s2.O0o,
according to the estimate OF the Ilre
chief. -
Notes and Personals.
Royster Mahen of $50 Quincy street
has returned from visit TO Kansas
City.
Mrs. C. o. Henderson of Merlden
was a North side visitor yesterday.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Finch of 1124
Monroe street have gone to Hutchin-
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-05-17

Once Upon a Time, Long Ago, Gray
and Deep Red Were Combined, and
the Dressmakers Have Revived the
Fashion From the Family Album.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-05-17
MOTOR LINE WON'T PAY
Santa Fe Would Take Off Car Between
Holiday and AtchiSOn

The Santa Fe railway company to-
day made application to the state
public utilities commission for per-
mission to remove it's motor car be-
tween Holiday and Atchison and to
abandon the service between Leaven-
worth and Atchison. 1t is the plan OF
the company to substitute mixed train
steam service between Holiday ana
Leavenworth for the present motor
service.
The motor car was placed in service
in 1915. 1t has not earned returns
for the road, Santa F'e officials state,
and they now desire to return to
steam service
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-05-17
MRS, PRESIDENT SAID mo-
THAT SETTLED QUESTION

Washington. May 17.-There are
some arbitrary limitations on even
the war time powers of President
Wilson.
At the flying field here, watching
the departure of the first airplane
mail carrier for New York, the
president posed for motion pic
lures. After having once passed
thru the ordeal, he was asked to
pose once more with Mrs. Wilson.
The president conferred with his
wife and then replied:
Mrs. Wilson says, No. and you
know, boys, my authority stops
there"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-05-17
North Side News

Items for this column may be left
at Petro's drug store, or phone
EleaLo- Kimball after p. m: other
hours phone $3.50.
The attendance at the North side
Red Cross rooms was not up to the
standard today. This work must not
lag. From now on, every effort must
be made to get out all the work pos
siDle. What if the spring sewing isn't
done, do with less, and help with the
Red Cross work. Housecleaning. too,
can be left. Our houses are more liv
able without the spring cleaning, than
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-05-17
RED CROSS MAN BACK
Henry p. Dawson Returns in Time
for Big Home Drive.

Z An Atlantic Port, May 17-Henry
P. Dawson, head of the American Red
Cross, arrived here Thursday from
an European port. He has just COM
pleted an inspection of Red Cross
work in England and France. He will
participate in the big celebration here
tonight that opens the organizations
500. 900. 900 campaign
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-05-17

IT'S WONDERFUL to See "GetS-It' Peel OH
Corns.
finger and there you are-pafn-free
and happy, with the toe as smooth.
and corn-free as your palm ''Gets-It"
is the only safe way in the world to
treat corn or callus. It's the sure
way-the way that never fails. 1t is
tried and true-used by millions every
year. 1t always works '.Gets-It'
makes cutting and digging at a corn
and fussing with bandage, salves or
anything else entirely unnecessary.
'Gets-It," the guaranteed, money
back corn-remover. the only sure way,
costs but a trifle at any drug store
MID by E. Lawrence & Co., Chicago,
Ill.
Sold in Topeka and recommended as
the worlds best corn remedy by
Brunt-Martin Drug Co., A. C Kiinga-
man & Co, Klingaman & Hoover,
udy-McFsrland Drug Co., A. W..
Lacey. Frank Hobart
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-05-17
'sSee 'Gets-H' Peel
OF This Corn"
Leaves the Toe as Smooth as
the Palm of Your Hand.

The corn never grew that Gets
IT, will not get. 1t never irritates the
flesh, never makes your toe sore. Just
two drops of "Gets-It" and presto,
the corn-pain vanishes. Shortly you
can peel the corn right off with your
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-05-17
THE HOUSEHOLD
Edited by ANNE KITTENuOUsE.
Use MIX Literally.

If you have an idea anywhere in the
front or the back of your head that
you ought to curtaI your milk supply
or that you are doing anything patri-
otto OF benevolent or noble in using
less milk than formerly, then you have
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-05-17
FOOD PRICES

FOR TOPEKA AND SHAWNEE COUNTY
as interpreted by the price Interpretation
board of Shawnee county. W. II. DAVIS.
Retailers must sell a
@ J
pound of the following
N7N wheat substitutes with
fM0ENA every pound of wheat
N(FYHILA flour: Coru flour. meal.
AyUUIXB hominy grfts or flake.
W&KZW com starch or bar
ley flour. potato
flour, sweet potato
flour. buckwheat flour.
oca flour. ferita hours and meals.
Retailers must not sell more than 4s lbs
more than "a lbs to city customer.
Consumers should not use more than 112
lbs cIpp per ~, week f,a,I per person .. ,on- ~,
be sold with GO per cent of substitute
cereals Rye flour cannot be used as sub
stitute cereal. nor must feed Of any kind be
used as substitute cereal.
ue ss is Ss Tass OF ss
courtesy Of the Topeka State Journal.
Prices approved by the Topeka board are
as follows:
GRANuLATED SUGAR.
Cost &C Id. sell 9Ac Id.
STANDARD navy, cost. 14-15c lb.; sell
Pinto, cost. 9-1oc Ib.: sell, 11-121sc Ib.
81 Lima; cost ~ ;151sc h.: sell. 161s-1sc lib.
SG sT Tss sell ere ssse cost 4ec h.
sell 1914 -4711c Ib; plain Creamery, cost,
4oas e ID, sell 441a-4ehc lb.
Compound. cost. 2sA .sihsc: sell. 2s-2snsc
POTATOES ,1k-1xc; sell 2-2Hc.
PEACHES-Evaporafed-
choiees cost. 11A-12c h.; sell. 14-15c lib.
Bulk. seeded. cost. eh -1oc; sell. 12hc lib.
No Sell y ,o choice Ote seeded. cost SIC pkg;
No. is fancy seeded. cost 11Hc pkg.
SALMON
Tail cans Red Alaska, cost. 24hc can
Best patent. As lbs. cost 81 20 sell ESQ
Rye cost % l9s s9'n it, .s 81 & sshaa
CORN MEA~
ri ces5 4z zeM Ih; sell, SM-ec lb-
Cost, TIC ID; sell, bloc lb.
Pearl hominy. cost, Csc; sell. s-s14c lb.
RICE-Blue Rose. cost DC h.. sell 1o1sc
TO- to 12e lb;; heSl, cost 10KG1ONc h.. sell
So GO size. cost liz 12c h.: sell, 14-15c lib.
90 20 size; cost, lie ib; sell. lac H.
| Bulk oats. cost, &c h. sell, s1s-9c lb.
sell s1s@9c h.; No. cost S1sG9hc. sell
log 12lsc pkg; No 4. AZ o.. cost zoe; sell
II, No; 5; 50 OF; cost; 2eAc; sell 2sas1c
| Small cans, cost, &c; sell, 7Hc.
No enc is PERMITTED to have sugar OF
flour in excess Of thirty days supply. Par
ties having more will be considered hoard
ers,." for. which the penalty is very severe.
Pinto beans are plentiful. Use them In
place Of the other kinds
Eat potatoes, rice, ard corn products.
| Save wheat flour for our allies Use SUBJ
stitutes and do your bit to help win the war.
/ Save wheat meats, fats. sugar and serve
/ the cause of freedom.
Retailers should conform to the>prices OF
/ appeal to the local board for reimbursement.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-06-11
HAPPENINGS OF INTEREST TWENTY
FIVE YEARS AGO IN MARSHALLTOWN

Ing of for the last eight or ten years
into practice by appointing Theodore
Johnston postmaster"
Wednesday, June IA, 1893.
Little Catherine, daughter of Mr..
dent night before last that was some
father and during the night fell out Of
bed. She cried for n few moments,
but she was soon quieted and Mr..
Ketchum proceeded to resume his
slumbers and so, probably. did the
child. Mr.. ketchum die not light the
gas, as there seemed to be nothing
that called fo- 1t. In the morning he
was surprised to find tho childs and
his own, as well as the bed clothes,
saturated with hlood. A cash had been
cut in the child's chin which, upon ex-
animation, proved so deep as to re-
quire sewing up, which was done
yesterday, she being placed under tho
influence Of chlorofor1n while the OPP
GRAFTON was being performed 1t Is
feared a visible scar will reIilaiIl. She
was almost FRUSTRATED yesterday from
the loss Of blood
George A. Pruden has accept po-
sition on the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern
railroad, under General Manager Ack.
ert. His headquarters will be In Chit
cage, where he Intends moving hts
family and household goods this week.
This will make Mr.. Pruden q splendid
opening and he will continue to prac-
tdce civil engineering as heretofore"
Miss Kate Francis, teacher IN tho
Woodbury. school during the past
year, was given in marriage to DR.. A.
White, Of Clearf1eld The ceremony
was performed by Rev. J. A. Ward at
the home Of Mr.. and Mrs. Nelson
Ames.
An auction sale by Binford & Gilman
Of lots on North Second avenue, plat
ted as Riverside addition, attracted
several buyers. Thirty-one Of the lots.
comprising the south half Of the plat,
were sold at prices ranging from SIS
to s225 The sale tota1ed almost $4,000.
Thursday, June IS, 1898.
At the annual hremen's tournament
at Sioux City Marshalltown placed
second in the amateur hose race and
nth in the 300-yard race. Ole Her
man and Harry vosel won the coup
ling contest in seconds. The local
delegation captured the 1894 meeting
for Marshalltown.
Mrs. Stina Hanson, aged IS, died at
her home, t4s North Second street, Of
heart disease.
"still, after all that has been said, If
the city council does not have tho
money under Its control to clear the
filth OF Main street, one feels that it
must be done Just the same. II the
city treasury can not reach 1t private
enterprise had better tackle It."
Liscomb correspondence: "Yester-
day morning Gid Kersey got up bright
and early, and in company with his
fiancee, Miss Tecora Middleton, pro-
cured q ncense and the twain were
united" (Masrted Juno IL, 1889
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-06-11
the national road b6gWo6h Cumberland,
Maryland and Wheeling. w. Va, was

the national road b0eWe4h Cumberland.
Maryland and Wheeling, w. Va was
ready for service.
In the mind q the far-seeing wash
inston, the highway had reached 10 the
shores q the Nissishppi-perhaps
svsa narthsr into The West But the
government turned to what It ccnad-
cred Affairs Of more pressing impor-
lance. The national road passed into
the hands Of the states directly con-
csrnsd, and n tlape became the Old
National road. The development Of
railroad and steamboat made Cross
country highway route NO longer q
pressing necessity and the old road was
in danger Of sinking to the Level of
dusty country roadway.
Just In time to save the Old Nation
al road from this semi-tragic fate came
the automobilist demanding good roads
with attractive scenery ranged along
side and few spots Of special inter-
est thrown in. To all these demands
the old road responded, and today it Is
in high favor with the goggled ones
who coast recklessly down Its gentle
slopes and speed through Its villages
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-06-11
SAW NEED OF GREAT HIGHWAY
WashingesW Lsne Ur1sd Rsad Aesoss
Country - Aid In osvssssnsnt
q ne West

r. no WaGhfngeua had oouoDoSd
his eaiy career - 4 surveyor and en-
gineer the development Of the United
Statss tight have bsea even marc rap
ID ~ turned sst - b. The nc
turs 10 pioneer hewing his way
through forest growth and underbrush.
fording streams, and working his way
across mountains II one Of our ira.
ditions Of early American history, but
the husky pioneer breaking his way
alone was not Washington's idea OF
what travel should be in these United
States.
Ruins Of Washington's work as an
engineer may stiu be seen along the
banks Of the middle Potomac, but his
greatest engineering plan never mate
rialized during his lifetime, though sew
eral Of his illustl1ous compatriots gave
their enthusiastic approval Of the
scheme.
This plan Of Washington's was q
quicker, surer route toward tho West
to supersede the bla1ed trail and foot
path. The government did not take
any steps toward the construction Of
so expensive bit Of road building I'M
I'll three years after Washington's
death. For fifteen years wotk on tho
road was under way, first On paper,
then with pick and shovel. and finally
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-06-11

with the captain Of the palace guard,
who was one Of the committee Of ten,
the sentries before the crown princes,
door were to be of the revolutionary
party. Mettlich would undoubtedly
be with the king. Remained then to-
lN reckoned with only the princes per-
sonal servants, Miss Braithwuite, and
Milky Larisch.
Two obstacles were left for the
countess to cope with, and this was
her part of the work. She had al
ready plan for Miss Braithwaite. But
Milky Larisch?
Over that problem, during the long
night hours, Olga Loschek worked. II
would be possible to overcome Milky
of course. There would be four men,
with the sentries, against him. But
that would mean struggle and an
alarm. 1t was the plan to achieve the
abduction quietly, so quietly that for
perhaps an hour-they hoped for an
hour-there would be no alarm. Some!
time they must have, enough to make
the long Journey through the under-l
ground passage. Otherwise the open,
ing at the gate would be closed, and
the marty caught like rats in hole.
During the early afternoon the,
chancellor visited the crown princes
Waiting and watching had made I'M
roads on him, but he assumed sort
pf heavy popularity for the boys bene-I
lit.
1--WE must get tie iad cut sonee
where for some air." he observed. 1T,
lis not good to keep him shut up like
this" He turned to the crown prince.i
'''In day or So" he said, 1--WE shall all,
go to the summer palace. You wouIdi
like that, eh?"
"Will my grandfather be able to go!''
The chancellor sighed. eyes," he,
said, "I-he will 60 to the country
also. He has loved it very dearly"
He left, shortly after three O'clock
And, because he was restless and uni
easy, he made Il round of the palace
and Of the guards. Before he returned
ito his vigil outside the kings bed-i
room, he stood for moment by win.j
dow and looked out. Evidently
Irumors of the kings condition had,
Icrept out, in spite Of their caution
The place, kept free Of murmurs BY
the police, was filling slowly with peo-'
pile; people who took up positions on!
benches, under the trees, and even sit;
ting on the curb Of the street. AM
orderly and silent crowd it seemed, of
the better class. Here and there he!
saw the police agents In plain clothes,'
Iimpassive but watchful, on the lookout
Tor the first cry Of treason.
An hour or two, or three-three at!
the most-and the fate Of the palaceI
would lie in the hands Of that crowd
He could but lead the boy to the bal,
'cony, and await the result.
(To be Continued.)
One-half of the gasoline product Is
used for pleasure riding.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-06-11
LONG LIVE The KING
Continued from Page six)

"Well," Milky temporized, they've
made rule. They make a good many
rules, you know. But they said moth
ing about the roof"
1.-THE roof"
"The roof. The thing that covers
us and keeps out the weather. The
roof, highness." Milky alternated be-
tween formality and the other extreme
With the boy.
ut slants, doesn't itT' observed his
highness doubtfully.
part Of 1t is quite fiat. We can
take ball up there, and get sorhe|
exercise while we're about it."
AS a matter of fact, Milky was not
altogether unselfsh. He would visit
the roof again, where for terrible,
wonderful moments he had held He'd,
wig in his arms. On pilgrimage,
indeed, like that Of the crown prince
to Ethel, Milky would visit his shrine.
i So they went to the ROOF. One could
see the streets crowded with people,,
could hear the soft blare Of distant
horns.
1.-THE scenic railway is in that direc-
tion," observed the crown prince, lean
ing on the halnstrade. eff there were
no buildings we could see It,"
"Right here" Milky was saying tol
himself. "At this very spot. She held
put her arms, and L"
ut looks very interesting" said
Prince Ferdinand William Otto. "Ofj
course we can't see the costumes, but
It is better than nothing"
" kissed her." Milky was thinking,I
his heart swelling under his very BEST
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-06-11
Insult 70 tho Bee.

An insult to the bee Ia to use the
name to denote crazy or erratic per-
son. as the bee Is possibly the most
methodical Of all insects. with the
possible exception of the ant. There
fore the expression He has bees in
his bonnet" Is an offensive phrase ex-
cept that II may mean a buzzing In
the head, such as president and other
political aspirants are said to be at.
fiicted with. "She's whites crack
Drained and has bee In her head"
was not worthy of Walter Scott,
though It Is his.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-06-11

the coal seam ablass and they had to
ny for their lives. In very short time
flames were pouring from the cracks
in the ground. lighting up the whole
countryside. The nro was walled In
with mud. It took Ave years to build
this wall, at cost Of $4,000. and then
It was useless. Finally they sealed up
the mine, pumped carbonic acid gas
into 1t and the fire that had taken five
years to fight was put out
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-06-11
rhursday, june 8, 1893.


Orville b. Waters and Miss Edith
Lynn were married at Mt. Vernon and
left for Allison, their new home. The
bride had been teaching school at AL
bion.
Friday, June 9, 1893.
"State Center Enterprise: Bert De-
Mango was offered a good position In
the LeFevre grocery house at Mar
shalltOwn and he, quit the road to ac-
cept It. He commenced work Monday.
Hans Peterson, q blacksmith en-
ployed in the Marshall foundry. and
Miss Christina Jorgenson were married
at the Danish Norwegian church.
Saturday June 10, 1899.
At the republican primary election
Henry Stone was nominated for repre-
sentative, ]. b. Pence for sheriff, 8. A.
Emery, for treasurer, DR.. w. F. David,
for coroner, and William Bremner, for
surveyor. without opposition. The only
two contests were for supervisor and
county superintendent. T. p. Marsh
won over A. T. Birchard by 100 major
ity and c. w. Bacon was nominated
county superintendent by plurality OF
20 over e. P. Foyg
Friends OF Nathan Carter, Of Mariet-
IA, Joined In . surprise upon him, the
occasion being mis- i1vth birthday ami
versary. INF. Carter can SHOW q rec
ord Of domestic stability that probably
no resident of the county can claim
or point with pride to. He came to
Marshall county at tho ago Of year
and has never been outside Of the
to- IN a.
one OF our est-lnown and respected
citizens, and all the people of the coun-
ty viii unite In the hope that he Will
not mar nor break his record by ever
leaving it,
Sunday, June n, fs1A
Members OF the Cosmopolitan Lodge.
No. SO. knights Of Pythtas, held their
annual memorial exercises at Riverside,
where the graves OF four members Of
the lodge were decorated.
While swimming In tho swollen ws4-
ers Of Timber Greek. Frank Hipsch, .
farm hand employed by Bert CouShe-
nour. southeast Of State Center. was
caught IN the current and drowned
before help could reach him. The body
was found few days after the water
had subsidized.
Monday, juno II, 1898.
Mr.. Merritt Greene, arrived yester-
day morning from Pittsburyh to look
after his business interests here for q
day or two. He Ands that the me $40
acre farm he bought at Haynes grove
last summer Is advancing in value like
the rest of Marshall county property,
and he has been offered $4,000 more,
cash In hand, than the place cost him.
It Is Mr.. Greenes intention to return
here to live ut some future date"
Tuesday, June 13, 1888.
TT would be pretty cute In Mr..
Cleveland to put soma Of the reforms
and pure politics STUFF he has been fir-