davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
Treat Seed for Smut

There is a robber in American wheat fields that steals millions of bushels Nf grain annually. But the 1919 wheat crop can be made burglar-proof. as far as this particular robber is concerned. and food for thousands of soldiers will be saved The disease known as smut IS the thief and a simple treatment of the seed is the preventive. There are four kinds of smut which occur on wheat and barley, according to the United States department of agriculture, two of which (bunt or stinking smut, and covered smut are effectively controlled by soak ing or dipping the seed in or spraying it with formaldehyde solution. Loose smut is controlled by treating the seed grain with hot water
 Seed to be treated for smut should be cleaned in a fannning mill. Use formal dehyde (4o tper cent soiution) diluted at the rate of one pint to 40 gallons of wa ter. If the soaking method IS used, al- low wheat to remain in a tub of the dis infestant 10 to 20 minutes, and barley 30 minutes to two hours. To get the best germination results, the grain should be sown as soon as treated. If this cannot be done, it should then be spread out and dried, for improper drying after treatment may injure the seed.
 Solution of the same strength mentioned should be used for dipping and sprin- King methods. In dipping, after thor ough cleaning and grading, the seed grain is placed in gunny sacks, which should be filled not more than half full and tied at the top. After dipping re- peatedly in the solution the sacks of grain are put where they will drain and dry enough so the seed will run freely through the drill. If not used within two hours spread the seed out to dry and air
 Application may be made with an ordi- nary sprinkling can while the seed IS being shoveled over from one pile to an other. One gallon is sufficient to cover a bushel of grain when this method IS used. The grain must be so well stirred that every kernel is thoroughly wet. 1t is then covered with sacks or other cloth wet with formaldehyde solution, and al lowed to stand for a period before being spread out to dry or sacked for use.
 There are three methods of treating seed with hot water. The short method consists of dipping the wheat or barley for from 10 to 15 minutes in water rang ing from 126 to 135 degrees F. and cool ing and drying it immediately. To con- trol loose smut the seed should nrst be soaked four to six hours in cold Wa ter before treating with the hot, or lower temperature than recommended TOT the short method should be used and the soaking prolonged. If the latter method is used keep the water at from Ill to ho degrees F. and soak the seed for three hours.
 Disinfecting seed grain will prevent certain diseases other than smuts (out not rusts), and thus may increase the yield even more than would be lnolcateu by simply replacing the smutted with sound grains More complete informa- ton on cereal smuts and the disinfection of seed grain is contained in farmers bulletin 9ss. a copy of which can be obtained, so long as the supply lasts pV applying to the United States depart ment of agriculture, Washington, D. '.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
Food Waste From Rats

In all parts of the country there is a serious economic drain in the de- struction by rats and mice of mer- chandise held for sale by dealers. Not only foodstuffs and forage, but tex tiles clothing, and leather goods are often ruined This loss is due main ly to the faulty buildings in which Che stores are kept Often it would be a measure of economy to tear down the old structures and replace them by new ones. However, even the old builc- ings may often be repaired so as to make them practically rat-proof: and foodstuffs, as flour, seeds, and meats may always be protected in wire cages at slight expense. The public should be protected from insainitary stores by system of rigid inspection.
 Similar care should be exercised in the home to protect household sup plies from mice and rats Little prog ress in ridding the premises of these animals can be made so long as they have access to supplies of food. Gel lars, kitchens and pantries often fur nsh subsistence not only to rats that inhabit the dwelling. but to many that come from outside. Food supplies may always be kept from rats and
 mice if placed in inexpensive rat-proof containers covered with wire netting. Sometimes all that is needed to pre- vent serious. waste is the application of concrete to holes in the basement wall or the slight repair of a defective part of the building.
 The necessity of cooperation and | organization in the work of rat de- | struction is of the utmost importance. l To destroy all of the animals on the | premises of single farmer in a com
 munity has little permanent value since they are soon replaced from
 nearby farms. If, however. the farm
 CTS of an entire township or county
 unite in efforts to get rid of rats
 much more lasting results may be ob- tajned If continued from year to year
 such organized efforts are very ef- 1 fective.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
Red Spider Damage

The red spider has spread practically all over the state and in some places is doing considerable damage to cotton. pr. F. l.. Thomas of the Alabama ex- tension service has just returned rom the central and northern portion or the state. and reports coming from the southern part of the state show that this pest has covered the entire state.
 It is of the utmost importance that ev- cry cotton grower watch his cotton flelds like "hawk watching chicken. The plants attacked present the appearance of a severe case of cotton rust, but care full examination shows web-iike GOV er;np m the underside of the leaf, With many tiny insects somewhat resembling "red. bugs" At the first sign or ln- lection either pull up the stalks and burn them or spray very thoroughly Witn summer strength lime sulphur solution or kerosene emulsion. The emulsion is made by dissolving one-fourth pound or laundry soap in one-half gallon hot water. pouring 1t into one gallon Of kero' gene. and then vigorously stirring until the whole is thick and creamy. Use one mart of this creamy liquid to six parts of water If water is hard. add a httie caustic potash, soda. or borax.
 This spray material must come Tn actual contact with the spider and this makes it necessary for the solution to he nut on the underside as well as on the top of the leaf. Spraying is prac- ticable only when done on small scale even then pulling up and burning the m fested stalks is preferable, unless tne field attacked consists of unusually gooo cotton. Destroy the plants on place since carrying them through the field may bread the minute insect
 This pest will continue to so damage until a hard rain occurs which WIZ knock of and kill the larger portion ol these pests Therefore, just watch tne fields carefully, destroy the f1rst stalks attacked. and hope for hard. rains te come soon.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
SILAGE MUST BE WELL PACKED

mans labor, the distributor does away with the nuisance of having the loose material lying around on the ground, thus annoying the man in the silo, and also lessens the danger of be- ing struck by some foreign object that may have passed through the blower. ADD WATER AT CUTTING TIME
 Oftentimes the corn fodder is so dry that when it Is cut 1t is necessary to add water to make up for the deficien- cy in moisture and provide for the proper packing of the silo. This water is most easily added to the blower when the corn is being cut, and it is cut material in this way.
 For the top layer of the silo it is good practice to use heavy green stalks from which the ears have been re- moved. This forms heavy layer that packs we'll and at the same time con- tains a smaller amount of food mate rial SO that the minimum loss is sus- taired if it spells. Various methods and materials have been used for cov- ering the top of the silage to prevent it's spelling. None has given complete satisfaction. but the one mentioned above has given as good results as any, especially when the top layer was thoroughly wet down and packed firm ly by tramping. The best practice is to commence feeding as soon as the silo is filled. in which case there will be no loss of silage through decay.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
POULTRY MANURE VALUABLE
WTTH FACES TO THE FRONT

tabernacle There had been several con versions at the morning service and the air was electric with spiritual rapture After the usual plea for the continuing presence of the Holy Spirit the minister prayed for our army and the congrega- tion continued with earnest amens. He asked for victory to our arms and TOT our righteous cause, and he asked that our boys might return whole in body and mind and soul. The amens came In q great volume of heart-swelling emotion as the mothers and fathers thought ol their sons. Then the minister dropped his voice and said with humility, put with adamant resolution: But, oh, Lord if they must fall, let them fall With their faces to the front" There was moment of silence in the congregation, and then there came in a deep chorus, with a sob, Amen
 When mothers and fathers in remote districts, away from the sound Of the fife and drum and the sight of war ships, airplanes and marching parades can say amen to the courageous death of their sons, we need have no fear that the plain people of the United States will fail in the resolution to sustain our cause to the utmost.
 CLARENCE OUSLEY, Assistant Secretary of Agrcuiture.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
Serious Wheat Disease

A serious diease of wheat, long known in Europe, has recently been found in certain parts of the United States. par ticularly Virginia. according to the Unit ed States department of agriculture. In some Virginia fields losses have been as hing as 40 per cent of the crop. The department of agriculture urges growers to be on the lookout for it's appearance and put into practice measures that will prevent it from spreading. Such meas ures are described in circular just issued by the department.
 The disease. caused by small nema- tode or eelworm, usually affects the the wheat heads, although it may occur on all parts of the plant above ground Affected heads stay green and ripen late and are smaller than those not affected. The shaff usually opens at wide angle. hard gals somewhat shorter and thicker than wheat grains. Control measures consist of planting only diseasefree seed, practicing crop rotations and preventing the spread of the nematodes from one field to another by means of infected soil which may cling to the feet of men or animals or to farm implements
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
Dairy Cow Economical

Two facts stand out prominently as reasons for the increased production and use of milk The first is that milk as purchased on the market usually SID plies food material together with fhe growth producing clements more GO nomically than either meat or eggs. The second reason is that the dairy COW IS the most economical producer Of amman food. One great law of food conserve tion is to turn inedible feeds into edlolc foods in the cheapest possible mahn5'' The dairy COW will utilize coarse ma terials, :nedible to humans-such as grass, cornstalks. hay, etc..-and Will turn them into milk. Other farm ani' mals also are converters of coaHse rough age into edible foods, but are not so el- ficient as the dairy COW.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
Hog Campaign Successful

Although definite figures are not yet obtainable, the animal husbandry divis- ion of the bureau of animal industry is assured that the campaign to increase pork production at least Is per cent over last year has been successful. According to reports, practically every state has done its part in obtaining this increase. and some have more than made up their quota Data gathered by the United States department of agriculture shows that on April brood sows on the farms in the United States had increased 9A per cent over the number on the same date the previous year. Weather con- ditions during March and April were very favorable over almost the entire hog pro- drcing country. with the result that there was a larger percentage of pigs raised than has been the case for many years.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
Best Soils for Wheat

The liberty wheat harvest in 1919 will be increased by sowing seed this fall in the proper kind of soil. Increase next years yield by adding bushels to every acre through preparations made now. Big wheat yields are pro- duced on soil which furnished a firm, yet friable seed bed over compact suhsoil. The ground should have suf- ficient natural slope to allow good sur face drainage and should be provid cd With subsoil drainage. The soil should have plenty of vegetable matter and plant food. and should not be acid Loans. silt loans. clay loams and some of the clay soils are best types for wheat. Sandy soils and many heavy clay soils are not so suitable for wheat growing. the former 'beinr too loose in texture to retain moisture and the latter too compact to allow aeration and proper drainage. silt loam over- lying clay is a good combination.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
WAR TIME BREAD MAKING


in place of the rice and barley flour in the recipe.
 None of the loaves using a high per centage of substitutes equal the all- wheat loaf in lightness, wheat having special substance known as gluten, which gives it elastic properties that make it especially valuable for bread making. none of the other Hours, ex- cept rye, contain this substance in any appreciab1e amount SO that when we substitute for the wheat flour large quantities of Hours that do not con- tain gluten, We cannot expect the same elasticity. The 1oaves are more com pact and less porous. Tn the 75 per pent and 100 per cent substitute loaves an egg Is used as binding materials and as an additional leavener
 A 75-per-cent-substitu loaf--1A cups liquid; F cup mashed potatoes; IA cups wheat flour; 4 cake yeast; tablespoon corn syrup; 2 teaspoons salt: 1 egg; 2k cups barley or 2b cups rolled oats and 1A cups rice flour or 1M cups corn flour.
 Make. sponge of the first six in. gradients and a third of the mixture of rice and barley flour. Let stand in a warm place until light, at least two hours. When the sponge is light. work in the rest of the substitute Hours and the egg slightly beaten. Shape the dough at once and place in loaf pan. Brush top of loaf with melted fat. Let rise to double the bulk and bake in hot oven for IA hours.
 PATRIOTIC HOUSEKEEPERS Housekeepers have been serving wheatiess bread for months in the form of quick breads. Many house- wives as we'll as many hotel keepers pledged themselves to serve no wheat until next harvest. The need for a wheatless bread that could be kept on hand and can be used for toast or for sandwiches was felt by all who took the pledge.
 This 100 per cent bread will help meet this need:
 1A cups liquid tablespoon corn syrup; A cake yeast; 2 teaspoons salt; egg: 3ss cups barley or 2& cups ground rolled oats and 2ls cups rice flour or 2k cups corn flour.
 Make a sponge of first four ingredi- ents and one-half of mixture of sub stitutes. Follow the directions for the 75-per-cent loaf.
 These breads are really victory breads. Use them for the cause of liberty,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22

Cut corn for silage when the kernels have passed the silk stage and are beginning to dent, United States de- partment of agriculture specialists ad- vise At this period the greatest amount of food material can be ob- tained and the best quality of silage made.
 The cutter should be adjusted to cut the corn in short lengths, with three fourths of an inch as the maximum length. In general the finer the fodder is cut the more easily and more com pactly it can be packed and in con sequence the better the quality of the silage.
 THOROUGH PACKING
 Too much stress cannot be laid upon the necessity of thoroughly packing the fodder in the silo so as to exclude the air as much as possible. It is upon this one thing that the keeping of silage largely depends. A device consisting of a jointed pipe, or some variation of it. attached to the top of the blower pipe is at present in use for distributing the cut corn fodder in the slo. By the use of this distribu- tor it is possible for one man to scatter corn evenly and at the same time to tramp it. Without the use of this de- vice it is necessary to have at least one extra man in the silo to fork the material over so that it is evenly packed. Besides the saving of one
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
Sunday Farm Work

Judges in Tennessee have refused 10 punish persons accused of work on farms on Sundays. but have commended them for so doing. This was reported to the department of agriculture's recent labor conference in Birmingham. Not long ago the rural churches of Indiana, in con ference at Purdue university, took the po- sition that it is quite right and proper to do farm work on Sunday if that Sun- day work is necessary to produce food crops to help whip Germany.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
Liver Loaf

Gut three-auarters of a pound of beef liver in small pieces and pass througN he meat grinder. Add to one cupful of the liver pulp one-quarter of a cupfu of bread crumbs moistened with water (barley and rice -four will dol. One tea snoon each of melted butter and salt half teaspoon of paprika. two we'll beat en eggs and a saltspoon each of nutmeg and allspice. Mix we'll turn into but tered mold, set In pan of hot water and hake about one hour. This Is de- licious either hot or cold.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
Italian Polento

To one pint of hot mush add one egg, one cup of grated cheese, a tablespoon of butter. When cold slice and arrange in a baking dish with more cheese sprinlzled over it. and brown. Serve with tomato sauce Or slices of plain boiled mush may be laid in baking dish. alternat- ing with layers of cheese and baked.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
Fruits and Popcorn

Stuff dates, figs and raisens with nuts, cardied fruits, or soft sugariess candies. These may be cut in small sections and dipped in chocolate. Make popcorn balls and peanut brittle with corn sirups. Pop corn may also be used to form con siderable portion of fondant. fudge. mo- tasses taffy. and others candeis. made from corn sirup, maple sugar. molasses or honey.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
Vegetable Salad

One-half cupful of cooked peas, E cupful of carrot, x cupful of corn: beets or celery; cooked dressing or French dressing. Combine any leftover bits of cooked vegetables such as peas string beans. carrot, corn or fresh celery. Season and blend with cook sd or French dressing and serve on let- tuce.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22

Southwestern France has deposits or iron ore that were exploited as far back as the time of the Roman occupation and which still yield some of the purest mineralA found in that country.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22
ONE CENT 4 WORD

--~~~-~~-~~~~-~~~~~~ ~~~~-~-~S~-~~~~~~ thoroughbred AngorA'
 goats. one male and two females. Ad-
 dress F. ". B.. care Age-Heralds Bir-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-22

Housekeepers as we'll as professional bakers have been working on the prob lem of how to make satisfactory yeast breads using other cereals than wheat. Not all have solved the problem satis- factorly. The office of home economies of the United States department of agri- culture has successfully worked out ways of combining the various substitutes in making 50 per cent substitution bread, a 75 per cent substitution bread, and an entirely wheatless bread.
 The first loaf pictured above has gone out fstyle in America; it is the all- wheat loaf that we were accustomed to using before the war. The other loaves are the kind that all Americans should
 use now. In the last three loaves
 mixture of barley and rice flour has
 been used in place of wheat flour; the second leaf has only 50 per cent wheat
 while the last boasts of being entirely wheatless. These breads were worked out in the experimental kitchen of the department of agriculture, office of home economics and the United States food
 administration, home conservation sec | tion.
 INCREASE SUBSTITUTES The food administration requires that
 all bread sold must contain % per cent wheat substitutes. But if we can make satisfactory bread using higher per ceiitage of wheat substitutes, so much the better. Here is the recipe for a 50-5n bread that is very good.
 50-50 Bread-1A cups liquid, F cup
 mashed potatoes. 1A cups wheat flour, A cake yeast. tablespoon corn sirup, tea spoons salt, 1A cups barley fle"r. " cups rice flour.
 Make a sponge of all the ingredients except the rice and barley flour. The potatoes should be freshly mashed with no fat or milk added. The water in
 which they cooked can be used for the
 liquid. Let the sponge stand in warm place until very light. If dry yeast is
 used. set the sponge the night before. i Add the rice and barley flour when the l sponge e light. Knead and let rise until
 doubled in bulk knead again, form into | loaves place in a loaf pan, and allow to
 rise until bulk is again doubled. Brush over top of loaf with melted fat before l putting it to rise. Bake for one hour and c quarter in hot oven.
 | Other satisfactory 50-50 breads make
 use of rolled oats q ss cusp), combined with rice flour 1 IS cups), or corn flour (A cups), or tapioca flour IS cups),
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1918-11-08
INCOMPLETE RETURNS INDICATE
THEY WILL HAVE MAJORITY
OF SIXTEEN
CLARK AGAIN ELECTED
WITH THREE STATES IN pouDT.
Full COLUMN, CONTROL OF
SENATE UNDECIDED.
W.s.sr. Newspaper Union New. Service


UniteA states Senators.
eAlsbama-John H. Bankhead. Cd
sArkansas--Joseph 7; Robinson; ODD
Colorado-LAwrencs Phipps. (R)
Dslaware-Lewis H. Ball (R)
Gsorgia-W: J. Harris. Cd
eIdaho-William E. Borah tR.), long
ssrmj. or F. r. Good1ng. tR.j
sIowa-Wtlliam 8. Kenyon. (R.)
!Ksntucky-A o. Stanley CD. or Ben
'Louisiana-J. S. Ransdell CD. E. J.
Gay CD, (short terml.
Ms:sachusetts-Davi R: Walsh: Cd
AtchtEan-Truman Newberry (R.)
sMinnesota-knute Nelson. tR.)
Mississippi-Pat Harrison. CD
nissouri-yoseph w. Folk CD. or Q.
.Montana-Thomas J. Walsh CD. or
o. u. Lanstrum. tR)
H ssss:..fIe E so Sers,s' 81
New Hampshire-HenryK eye. !R3
dong tsrm); George Moses (R). (short
New Jersey-Walter E. Edge (R).
dong tsrm): David Baird tR). oshort
Mort n' csselaa p Fan n or Simmons.
'oregon-charles McNary (R.), Fred
o Ma.key sK} .a9r l. 'e Gwen. Cd,
South caroiina-w. p Potter CD
tshort term), n B. Dial tR). dong
South Dakota-Thomas Sterling (R.)
sTennessee-John X. shiends. CD
.vireinla@Thomas S. Martin.
West Virginia-Davis Elktns. (R.)
'Wyoming-Francis E. Warren. ORD
sIncumbent.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1918-11-08
Call 10, 800 Draftees in November.

Washington.-Provost Marshal Gen
eral Crowder Tuesday called for 1890
draft registrants physically qualifie
for limited service to entrain for
camps between Nov. rs and 81. Vol
dntary enlistments will be accepted
until Nov. 20 A variety Of trades ami
occupations are mentioned in the cal
and forty-six states are asked to fur
nish the necessary number. Total calls
for military service for November
have now passed the 10000 mark and
are far in excess of previous monthly
notifications under the draft
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1918-11-08
eolsheviki Ask Allies for Peace.

London. Nov. 6.-The Bolshevik
government OF Russia. 1t is reporte ;
from Petrograd, has handed the neu-
trail ministers a note for Transmission
to the entente nations asking for the
opening Of peace negotiations In or
der that hostilities between the allies
and the soviet government may be
ended. says an Exchange Telegraph
dispatch from Copenhagen. The note
asks the allies to decide upon the time
and place for the holding Of negotio
lions.