davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Twin City star., 1918-03-23
FOR THE POULTRY
GROWER

Egg production is largely question
Of breeding, according to Harold H.
Amos, superintendent Of the Kansas
State Agricultural college poultry
farm. Eggs from winter layers should
be selected for Matching purposes.
Under natural conditions no eggs
were laid in the winter months. Arti-
fetal methods have been resOrted to
until by proper selection and manage
ment large number Of eggs can be
had during the coolest months of the
year.
Feeding and care have a great deal
to do with winter egg production. OF
greater Importance, however, is selec-
tiOn and breeding. 1t has been deter
mined by careful observation that, gen.
orally speaking. the hens that make
the best records during the fall and
winter months are the best all year
layers.
All hens will lay fairly we'll in
March, April and May. The poor lay
ers seldom, If ever, lay in those months
when prices are the highest. They are
not economical producers and should
not be kept as breeding stock.
Where possible breeding pens should
be maintained during the h1tching
season. All poor layers, undeveloped
pullets, and otherwise imperfect birds
should be discarded prior to the breed,
ing season If satisfactory results are
to be expected.
Early hatched chicks are the most
profitable both for meat and for egg
productiOn. They are the most easily
raised because while they are young
they are not subjected to the cloudy,
rainy weather which comes later in
the spring. They are usually more
vigorous. Later chicks have higher
rate of mortality due to the extremely
hot weather and the presence Of a
greater number of parasites.
General purpose breeds should be
hatched not later than the last Of April
If the pullets are to be developed for
egg production the following fall and
winter. The young cockerels can be
disposed of as brOilers at much better
prices than those Of later matches.
With strictly egg breeds, it is not
advisable to hatch before the middle of
March, as they will often begin to lay
early and 60 into molt about the first
Of January.
The Twin City star., 1918-03-23
"HUMAN WOLF" TO BE FREE
Has Four Murders to His Credit and
Has Served 81 Years In
Prison.

Little Rock, Ark.-Yates Standridge.
known as the "Arkansaw Human
Wolf" who has four murders to his
credit and who was serving term OF
81 years in the state penitentiary, will
be a free man next year. Governor
Brough having reduced the sentence
from 81 to Is years.
Standridge has already served IA
years. Once Standridge escaped from
prison and before he was captured he
killed q man and q woman and shot
another woman's arm off. He also kill
ed prison guard.
In Newton county, the home Of the
"Wolf," news that he Is to be released
has caused fear in the heart Of more
than one man-especially those who
testified against Standridge when he
was tried for murder.
The Twin City star., 1918-03-23
Internal Revenue Collected.

During the fiscal year ending June
80, 1917, the total amount of internal
revenue collected was $449, ,712, Alp.
The smallest amount collected in any
state was $S2,662 in Nevada, and the
largest was SCI 1881 1886 in New York.
OF the states that paid over $4,000, 900
each were: California, $13,75S,375 ;
Delaware, $11,761, ,30S; Illinois, $62,-
1911; Indiana, $33,1OS,519; Ken
tucky, S45,471, ,967; Louisiana, $11,-
81, ,445; Maryland, S10,125,S3S; Mis-
souri,, $15,200,577; New Jersey, $13,-
t10,540; New York. SCI, ,Ss1 .336; North
'arolina. S29,1142SS; Ohio. $50, ,4O2, :
-; PENNSYLVANIA, $41, 1,3O4. .24s: Wis!
asin. S12,315.001.
The Twin City star., 1918-03-23
Vast Amount of CordW0od
Is Burned in Cook Stoves
and Friendly FirepIaces

Whenever q man builds suburban
nome these days-and, happily
enough, the number is relatively vast
"a fairly large proportion of the
plans contain a provision for an open
hearth in which wood may be burned.
These represent, observes writer In
the Cincinnati Enquirer, the pleasant
memories of many of the builders of
their boyhood days when a cracking.
aromatic wood fire lighted and warmed
the living rooms of their homes.
More often, though, it stands for the
fascination Of such fire. Children
Of the city dearly delight in making
and watching bonfires, and when they
are afforded the joys of camping fairly
revel in the blazing twigs and branch
es beneath the kettle. When they
leave the city's heart for its fringes
the thought of an open hearth as
concomitant to the freer life they ex-
pect to lead always presents itself.
Hence the surprisingly large de-
mand for cordwoOd. 1t is Of interest
to state that in the United States last
year, despite the increased production
of coal, there were consumed S1,S75,-
600 cords of wood, the value Of which
exceeded $225, 100000. 1t was the sew
enth crop in monetary value in 1917.
Ahead of it were corn, wheat, oats,
potatoes, hay and cotton. Much Of
this, indeed the greatest part of it,
was burned on farms, the average
consumption on each Ohio rural hold
ing being 13 cords, valued at So a
cord. Texas leads in wood cOnsump-
ton; Michigan is next, then Ohio, and
fourth is New York. In each of these
four leaders the value of the wood is
over $1O,OOO,OOO.
Experts in these matters say that
there is no better way of ventilating
an apartment than through the
means of hearth or crate, so that
there is double blessing conferred
as one sits in his easy chair and
watches the ever-changing pictures
that attend a reverie before a blaZ-
ing log fire.
The Twin City star., 1918-03-23
Declares United States
Can Independently Produce
Own Chemicals After War

That the United States can inde-
pendently produce it's own chemical
necessities after the war is predicted
by Prof. D. d. Jackson of the COlum-
bia university department Of chemical
engineering. He says that at present
the country Is manufacturing dyes
equal in amount to normal cOnsump-
tion, and that the number Of colors
produced is constantly increasing.
"With proper legislation" states
Professor Jackson, 1--WE can manufac-
ture on a competitive basis practical
ly every chemical product which we
now import. Cheap labor is not fac
tor of Importance. The tremendous
advantage which Germany had at the
beginning of the war has taken more
than three years to cOunteract, and the
result has been an awakening in other
countries to the necessity Of further
ing the chemical and metallurgical in
dustries in every possible way. The
Germans have for many years realized
the grave necessity Of furthering the
work of the chemist and the chemi-
cal engineer for warfare as well as
for the necessities Of industry in
times of peace. They knew that by
developing their enormous color estab-
lishments they were producing fac
tories which could readily be changed
over to explosive works in times of
war. They realized that the indus
tries for the fixation of nitrogen used
in fertilizers in time of peace also
could be used for production Of enor-
nous quantities Of picric acid and tri.
nitrotOluol in wartime"
The Twin City star., 1918-03-23
The Presidents Cabinet.

President Wilson's cabinet consists
Of Robert Lansing Of New York, Sec
retary Of state; William G. McAdoo of
New York, secretary Of the treasury ;
Newton D. Baker of Ohio, secretary of
war; Thomas w. Gregory Of Texas,
attorney general; Albert s. Burleson Of
Texas, postmaster general; Josephus
Daniels Of North Carolina, secretary Of
the navy; Franklin X. Lane Of Call
fornia, secretary Of the interior; David
#. Houston of Missouri, secretary Of
agriculture; William G. Redfleld Of
New York, secretary of commerce !;
William B. Wilson Of Pennsylvania.
secretary of labor.
The Twin City star., 1918-03-23
First United States Dollar.

In 1856 the congress Of the Confed-
Grafton chose as the monetary unit Of
the United States the dollar of 1854
grains of pure silver. This unit had
it's origin in the Spanish plaster or
milled dollar, which constituted the
basis of the metallic circulation Of the
English colonies in America. 1t wEs
never coined. for there was no mint
In the United States.
The Twin City star., 1918-03-23
BRANDED CAPTAIN
HAS NAME CLEARED
Army Officer, Once a Convict, Is
Restored to Full Citizen
ship.

Albany, N. "a big, broad-shoul~
dered man, wearing an officers uni
form, with two silver bars on his
shoulders, walked into the executive
chamber Of the capitol here, and step
ped smartly to the governors desk.
Governor, am a captain In the
-th regiment" he said by way of
Introduction.
"Sit down, captain" invited the gov.
ernor. "What can do for you"
"Your excellency. am in distress
great distress. am well beyond the
draft age. When the war broke out I
entered training camp and won a
first lieutenancy. Shortly after was
promoted to captain. am now recon-
mended for the gold leaf of major.
All my life have tried to act on the
square with all the world.
'But fell-that was years ago. I
was sentenced to state prison. Three
years ago you paroled me. When I
left Great Meadow prison I thought
that your act had restored me to citi-
The Twin City star., 1918-03-23
USE SCREEN FOR DETECTIVES
Cleveland Police Chief Believes His
Men Are Becoming Too Well
Known to Crooks.

Ceveland.-Chief of Police Smith
believes his detective force is becoming
entirely too well known in the under
world. They are being spotted, he
thinks, so he has made screen behind
which the sleuths camouflage them
selves every morning while the nights
prisoners pass In review.
The screen is painted on one side
and the sleuths are able to look the
prisoners over In search Of "want0d"
criminals, but the prisoners cannot ses
the detectives.
The Twin City star., 1918-03-23
Girl Is Deputy U. S. Marshal.

Colorado, the banner suffrage state,
which has honored its mothers, wives
and daughters for years past with po-
sitiqns Of trust and responsibility in
addition to giving them the ballot, now
claims the distinction of having the
first woman deputy United States mar
shal. She is Miss Lola Anderson. twen-
ty-five years old, who took the oath Of
Office and entered upon the duties Of
her position q week before Christmas.
The Twin City star., 1918-03-23
"But ! FeIl-That Was Years Ago."

zenship. I learned that 1t didn't a
fortnight ago when men Of my home
town-Brooklyn-t to reveal
to army authorities that ! was an ex-
convict. And then they told me that
I was still carrying the brand Of a
felon; that your parole was nothing.
I couldn't afford to fight them. Iknew
I'd get square deal from you, SO l
came here to"
"You came here" interrupted the
governor, "to be restored to citizen
ship. You shall be-"
And less than five minutes later
Captain - Of the -th regiment held
the governors hand in his right and
in the left the governors pardon re-
storing him to citizenship.
He is now with his regiment on his
way to France.
The Twin City star., 1918-03-23
CONFlSCATED EVIDENCE,
BUT LEO BLUSHED NOT

Chicago.-Leo Wright was
caught after he had made his
way into q sub-post Office wear
ing, it is charged, one pair Of
trousers when he went in and
two when he came out. The Or
der to the police was, "Confis-
cate the evidence" Wright did
not blush.
The Twin City star., 1918-03-23
Statistical Notes.

There. are 9,S93 saloons in
Illinois.
The United States has 350,0O0
Indians.
There are 556 war charities
registered in London.
The United States government
will expend $1,000, 900, 900 during
the coming year in military
buildings.
The Rockefeller Foundation
has contributed 100000 to the
fund for welfare work among
Jewish soldiers.
An ordinary airplane, exclu-
sive Of the engine, has over 200
separate pieces, besides over
1000 nails, 1900 screws, 1000
steel stampings and 800 forg-
ings.
The Twin City star., 1918-03-23

The Famnsde school, Long island alive with the
assist the country effective
Of
at a
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
Deciding an
Injunction Suit

The case came to the Supreme
Court on an appeal from the United
States District Court. At a general
election in Washington in 1914 the
people passed law making il un-
lawful to collect fees from workers
for furnishing them with employ
ment. The agencies fled an in
junction suit, alleging violation of
the Fourteenth Amendment, taking
property without due process of law.
Justice McReynolds reversed the
lower court and declared the Wash
lngton law was unconstitutional
Justice McReynolds agreed that en-
ployment agencies were subject to
police regulation by the states, but
added that unless they charged fees
their business would have 10 be
abandoned. He added his opinion
that the Washington measure was
arbitrary and oppressive
unduly restricts the liberty of ap-
pellants, guaranteed by the Four
teenth Amendment, to engage in a
useful business"
The first dissent from this opin-
ion was from Justice McKenna, who
said "The law in question is valid
exercise of the police power of the
state, directed against a demon
strated evil"
The next dissent was from JUS
tice Brandeis. Here again the OBJ
server Of the Supreme Court not
only strikes the split between radi-
cal and conservative wings of the
court, but also comes across the
method of realism applied inside the
court by member of the court it.
self. This was the reasoning of
Justice Brandeis on the case:
''The court has made it clear
that a statute enacted to promote
health, safety, morals or the public
welfare may be valid, although if
will compel discontinuance of exist
ing business in whole or in part" "
Some Of these prohibitions in bust
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

without due process of law. The
court held that the overtime clause
was merely to deter the employer
from employing overtime by it's bur-
den, and it was up to the employer
whether he should come under its
employment; IN other words, it was
rermissive. Justice McKenna ad-
dressed himself solely to the valid
ity of the contention that the law
was wage law instead of an hours
of service law. He added, "We do
not discuss or consider the broader
contentious of counsel for the state
that would justify the law even as
q regulation Of wages"
So far as the court was concerned,
therefore, much of this huge brief
was wasted. It was significant in
itself. But the Supreme Courts re-
action to such methods is better dis
closed III later case, on which Jus
tice Brandeis cid deliberate.
This time it was another Western
state, Washington, which presented
the problem to the court, arising
directly out of conditions peculiar
to the modern world in which we
live. But social legislation, which
had been sailing along at a fairly
good rate and successfully through
the Supreme Court, did not fare 50
well this time. Indeed, it was with
the case Of Adams VS.. Tanner, At
torney General of the State Of
Washington, and Crandall, prose-
cutting attorney for the City of
Spokane, that the split in the newly
constituted Supreme Court first ap-
peared in its entirety
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

Mark Hanna, had fought for Scent
fares in Cleveland and was accepted
as a friend of "labor." 1t was con-
sidered at the time that Secretary
Baker had some part in bringing his
qualifications to the ear Of the Presi-
dent. He is a gray-haired man with
a formal and judicial bearing, an
other indication: that a jurist's ap-
pearance may not be a true mirror
of his opinions.
But if the present history of the
court is one of change, it is change
not merely in the attitude of the
court, but also in the procedure of
the law in passing on questions of
right. Indeed, what meets the COM
mon opinion-that the court is now
more than ever before made up of
dissimilar elements - tends to hide
from the observer the slow develop
nent of the law toward a new
method in dealing with human prob
lens. IF the law is a science it is
almost the oldest of the sciences. Yet
1t is almost the last of mans proc
esses to adopt the modern method of
science.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

AS regards this brief, parts one
and two of which were prepared by
Mr.. Brandeis, it turned out to be a
huge document. The remainder Of
i. was written by Felix Frankfurt
ter, now chairman Of the War Labor
Policies Board of the Department of
Labor. The issue in the case was
whether the state, by exercise of it's
delegated police power, could pass
a ten-hour labor law to protect the
health of it's citizens, or whether
such law was in conflict with the
Fourteenth Amendment, taking prop
erty without due process of law. The
proof of the argument covered 470
pages, and undertook an exhaustive
inquiry into industrial conditions all
over the world, diseases in industry,
results Of strain, new speed methods,
industrial fatigue, the chemical na-
ture of fatigue toxins in the blood,
the bad effect of long hours on
safety, the growth Of intemperance,
the states need of preserving health
and the effect OF long hours on
morals, health and the community.
1c was later published in book form
as "rThe Case for the Shorter Work
Day"
1t is permissible in this instance.
because Of the light it throws on this
new method, to quote Mr.. Frankfur-
ter, who followed Mr.. Rrandeis as
counsel in the case An article by
Mr.. Frankfurter OH "Hours Of Labor
and Realism in Constitutional Law"
itself significant title in view of
the new course Of the 1aw-~printed
in Vol. 29, No. 4, of "The Har-
ward Law Review" was alluded to
in the brief. In part Mr.. Frankfur-
ter then wrotei
"1t is now clearly enough recog-
nized that each case must
be determined by the facts relevant
to it; that we are dealing, in truth,
not with a question of law, but the
application of an undisputed form
ula to constantly changing and
growing variety of economic and
social facts" Common un-
derstanding has ceased to be the
reliance in matters calling for es-
sentially scientific determination
with the recognition that these
(constitutional) questions raiss sub
stantially disputed questions of fact
must come the invention of some
machinery by which knowledge of
the facts, which are the foundation
OF the legal judgment, may be at
the service Of the courts as regu-
lar form of the judicial process"
Trying Out New
Machinery
1t was this machinery which, fail
ing Its employment by the court it.
self, Mr.. Brandeis and Mr.. Frankfurt
ter were trying to supply. Strangely
enough in this instance, the machin-
cry found very limited EMPLOY
ment, SO far as it's actual effect upon
the mind of the court was concerned.
Justice McKenna delivered the opin-
ion of the court, upholding the ten
hour law in Oregon. There was dis
sent on it from Chief Justice White.
Justice Van Devanter and JUS
tice McReynolds. The other justices
sitting, aside from the new Justice
Brandeis. were Justices Holmes, Day,
Pitney and Clarke.
Bunting, the plaintiff in error in
the case, had contended that three
hour overtime limit clause in the
law really made it a thirteen-hour
wage law, to compel a payment for
labor at more than its market value.
1t was on this ground that he con-
tended that his property was taken
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

|
though back of it is a general theory
Of society or government to be en-
forced.
The Career of
Justice Brandeis
The relationship of this confession
Ct faith to the recent history Of the
Supreme Court would not be clear
without some exposition of the career
Of Justice Brandeis. The relation
ship to the present condition of the
Supreme Court is a direct one in
his case, because before he became
a member of the highest court he
argued several cases before it, in
vclving phases of modern industrial
problems, and presented to the court
IN just such q manner as to bear
out his agreement with the view
Of the functions of the law enunciated
by Justice Holmes. His first of the
cases in this special class, and singu-
larly important because it laid the
groundwork for similar argument
to be made many years later, just
previous to the time Mr.. Brandeis
went on the bench, was defence Of
the Oregon law restricting the labor
of women in factories and laundries
to ten hours day. The law was con-
tested, and the case under the name of
Muller, III error, VS.. Oregon went
to the United States Supreme Court,
where it was argued by Mr.. Bran
deis.
The argument of this case was
more or less astounding in fashions
OF legal argument. 1t upset good
many precedents. The argument it.
self did not cover much space, but
the proof did. What the attorney for
the State of Oregon had done was
to put into practice some of the the
orles then in the air about the law
founding itself on actual forces. and
/ to practically disclose to the Supreme
Court the scientific method as it
would be worked out in the law.
The attorney for the state pre-
sented q brief containing extracts
from ninety different reports from
states and communities In the United
States and Europe, showing that
long hours Of labor were danger
ous to women. 1t was actually a
compendium Of all known informa-
ton on the subject and as a survey
of actual conditions was unparal-
leled.
1t was Justice Brewer who af-
flinled the law. Nine years later,
when Justice Brewer was no longer
on the bench, the United States
supreme Court, with Mr.. Brandeis
now justice of the court, was called
on to find a decision in another Ore
SNN- ~esSS 'ACN'ilS W QO WIN HOuIS
OF labor. And in this case again the
brief was prepared in part by Mr..
Brandeis, and given over by him
when called to the high court. He
cid not, of course, take any part in
the decision on this case.
Previous to this time and follow
ing the first Oregon case Mr.. Bran
dels had served Oregon a second
time as an attorney in the minimum
wage case. He had followed the
same method, with a brief showing o
the relation of wages to health
morals and efficiency. The result
was an unanimous affirmation bv the
court.
The same method was adopted in
the ten-hour law case, known ga
Bunting VS.. Oregon. The law was
affirmed by divided court. the de-
cision being handed down April Q
1917, with Justice Brandeis taking
no part in the proceedings.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

hardt, opinion was given on rr..
8, 1918.
This was the child labor case.
The law as made by Congrss.
prohibited interstate commerce =
the products of child labor. Thu
question was whether Congress =
regulating interstate commerce b.s
the right to pass such a law.
Justice Day in his opinion bs,a
that the act transcribed the On
thority of Congress over CONNER.
and interfered in local matters cor
troll over which is reserved to n.
states. He added: "The farreaeh
ing result Of upholding the act can
not be more plainly indicated than
by pointing out that if CongrsS.
can thus regulate matters intras4ea
to local authority by prohibition ~
the movement of commodities in in
terstate commerce, al freedom n
commerce will be at an end and tba
power Of the states over local mat.
ters may be eliminated, and tbps
our system of government be practi.
cally destroyed"
Justice Holmes dissented Jns-
tees McKenna, Brandeis and Clarks
concurred in the dissent.
The right of Congress to regula+s
interstate commerce, Justice Holmes
said, extended to the right of prO.
hibition, and this right could not bs
cut down or qualified by the fact
that it might interfere with the car.
rying out of the domestic policy Of
the state.
"1f there is any matter UPON
which civilized countries have agreed
far more unanimously than thew
have with regard to intoxicants and
some other matters over which this
country is now emotionally aroused
1t is the evil of premature and
excessive child labor. The
act does not NEEDLE with ANYTHING
belonging to the states. They NAV
regulate their internal affairs and
their domestic commerce as thew
like, but when they seek to send
their products across the state lius
they are no longer within their
/ rlghts. Under the Consti-
tuition such commerce belongs not
to the states but to Congress to regu-
late. 1t may carry out its views of
public policy, whatever indirect ef-
feet they may have upon the activi-
ties of the states. The
public policy of the United States
is shaped with view to the benefit
of the nation as whole.
The national welfare as understood
hy Congress may require different
attitude within its sphere from that
OF some self-seeking state. 1t seems
to me entirely constitutional for
Congress to enforce its understand
ing by all the means at its com
mand."