davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
A war workers. room-used by three
shifts, who keep the beds filled
twenty-four hours day.

for the amusement Of the workers
has been made.
Moral degradation soon results
from lack of privacy, while physical
discomfort induces discomfort and
lowers ambition. -
American wage earners lose on an
average about nine days year
because of sickness alone. On a
basis of 800 working days during
the year, this would be an average
loss of 3 per cent Of the working
time.
According to the Philadelphia
Housing Association, Philadelphia's
death rate increased from 1916 a
thousand in 1916 to III in 1917, as
the workers flocked into the war
plants there. New York's death
rate was only 1878 and that of
Chicago 1878. Philadelphia's infant
mortality rate, 1908 in every 1000
in 1916, was III a thousand last
year, compared with 1913 for New
York and 1873 for Chicago.
In certain labor camps where con-
gestion reigns some 2,877 men are
allowed less than 800 cubic feet of
air space each; only 100 are allowed
500 cubic feet each.
All these conditions unite to pro-
duce big labor "turnovers," the con-
slant shifting of men from one plant
to another, with the consequent
losses due to breaking in the new
men, big employment bureaus, and
SO forth, and thus impedes our prog
ress in winning the war.
The Cost of
Replacing Men
According to records dealing with
labor turnover it costs $40 to re-
place an ordinary laborer, $500 to
replace skilled workman.
NO complete survey of the amount
Of labor turnover in plants through
out the country is as yet to be
had While the Bureau of Labor
Statistics has been investigating this
problem for over two years, the
result of it's Investigations has not
yet been made public.
According to w. A. Grieves, Of
the Jeffery Manufacturing Com
pany, twenty metal plants in the
Middle West were forced to hire a
total of $4,000 men in order to
maintain an average of $4,000
hands during the year. Thus the
labor turnover for these plants was
157 per cent for the year.
The average turnover for the
last year in ffty-seven Detroit
plants was 252 per cent.
While conservative estimate for
several large manufacturing con-
Germs would be 100 per cent, some
firms have increased to 400 per cent.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18

$500 in April, 1917, and 14,5oO in
January, 1918. Probably $4,000
extra men will be needed.
Districts in need Of additional
housing facilities are the north
shore of Staten Island, Newark
Bay-60,000 new workers have been
brought to Newark by war indus
tries-Newburgh, N. Y, and Port
Jefferson, L. I.
On the north shore of Staten
Island there are three large yards
working on Emergency Fleet Cor
poration contracts. Some of the
workmen live in Brooklyn and Man.
haitian, and a few in The Bronx.
This means long trip by trolley,
ferry, subway or elevated train. On
Newark Bay there are three new
and large shipyards, employing up
ward of 1880 men. This number is
constantly increased, with a relative
increase in the demand for suitable
accommodations.
Philadelphia Homes
Taxed for $4,000 Men
In the Philadelphia district alone
provision by individual homes,
apartments and dormitories for the
accommodation of more than $4,000
SKIP and munitions workers must be
provided.
The labor camps throughout the
country have suffered as severely as
the munitions factories and ship
yards from defective housing. Sleep
ing quarters, for example, are great
~ overcrowded, the beds are usually
infested with vermin, and men are
bunked under conditions which do
not permit of proper air space per
capita.
In Ohio, alone, there are 1O8 labor
camps with population of 7,712.
These include II construction camps,
81 railroad camps and "a factory
and mill camps. Here again a high
percentage of labor turnover was
noticed. In 1917 in 80 camps labor
ers remained for only one month
or less, while in 10 camps workers
could not be persuaded to remain
for more than one day.
Even the centre Of the govern
ment at Washington is being most
seriously hampered by lack of hous-
ing in the District Of Columbia. The
following table shows the situation
Government clerks now in Washing
ton. ID. c. 10000
Members Of families. .... 5000
Officers and their families. 5000
Total. Recommendations. 10000
Rooms listed in all room listing agen-
cies January II ........ 1.743
VIII accommodate Observation-Disclosures. 1886
Must be provided for. 26,514
Fifty per cent of all persons Of
Tered appointments by the Civil Ser
vice Commission are now declining
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18

Losses from labor turnover in the
last year in a group of twelve metal
working factories totalled $4,000.
The annual turnover in some in
stances reaches 500 per cent.
In December, 1917. the Fore
River Shipbuilding Company re-
ported that it had hired 5000
men in four months to increase its
force $500.
Munition works at Bridgeport
hired 10000 men to increase the
working force $500, while Bethle-
hem Steel Works engaged $4,000
men to effect an increase of 10000.
During the same year manufact-
uring concern at Bucyrus, Ohio,
brought $50 employees to that city
at great effort and expense. After
few days thirty remained, the
other 1910 having left owing to the
impossibility to find comfortable
homes.
Meanwhile six cement companies
discovered that their labor turnover
for three years had increased 1O3
per cent q year, and one public ser
vice corporation admitted a labor
turnover Of LOO per cent.
In April, 1918, R. E. Lee, of the
Firestone Company, stated that
Goodyear, Goodrich and Firestone
had a floating population of 1000
men week; many hundreds of
workers who reach Akron do not
take their trunks from the station.
Last May the American Interna-
tional Shipbuilding Corporation, at
Hog Island, reported that 10000
men had been hired during the pre-
vious six months in order to get the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
Concentration of
Labor Arou n d
M u milton Fac
tories and Ship
building Y ard 8
Causes Condition
Government Must
Tackle
By Katharine Wright


sistence to the need for de-
cent living conditions for the
workers gathered about our great
factories. The housing question"
long the almost exclusive possession
of social students and economic re-
formers, has suddenly become one
of the great problems of the nation.
For bad housing stands squarely
across the path Of our great war
supplies programme.
The national government, slow in
sensing this danger amid the null
tiple demands that followed our un-
prepared entrance into the conflict,
has moved at last and its action is
beginning to bear fruit. A hundred
million dollars has been apportioned
Ito meet this need and is being spent.
Enough has been done to give light
on how the rest can be done, but not
senough to more than touch the
edges Of the great need. This ar
ticle and others to follow it pre-
sent facts which should be known
to every one interested in our win
ming the war and the means by
which it is to be done.
For years before the storm broke
the country had been learning slow
ly Of the evils that infest the city
slums and the squalid cabins such
as were revealed in the Pittsburgh
survey-of their efficiency as breed
ing places of rebellious discomfort,
sickening waste, disease, immortality
and crime.
War Brings
New Point Of View
The war has added to the prob
lem immeasurably and has brought
it home to industrial captains and
government officials from a new
angle, a point Of view that strikes
home with a power which the hu-
manitarian and social arguments
never had. For our mushroom mu-
milton plants have drawn thousands
of workers into places where decent
living could not be had for any
money. And the great directors Of
labor have learned by little expert
ence that without decent living a
man cannot do good work.
War came with a rush to many
communities. Take, for example,
one drowsy little town on the lower
reaches of the Delaware River. In
1914 it was dreamily pursuing the
routine Of commonplace existence.
It had a population Of about $4,000,
Of which 13 per cent was negro. 1t
had thirty-one policemen and forty
one saloons, a public school system,
two or three parks, public library,
a sewer system and filtered water
supplied by private company.
About $500 dwellings were inhabited
by an average of between four and
five to house.
War came. Four munitions
plants selected neighboring sites for
their activities. immigration had
ceased so the demand for workers
had to be met from native sources.
Negroes came in droves from the
South and there were race riots.
Single family dwellings were con-
verified into rooming houses with a
family in each room. Houses were
used that had no water and no
toilets, with leaking roofs and flood
ed cellars. Accommodations we're
imperative for the thousands of
white laborers that thronged the
shipyards.
Munition Workers
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18

Professor Carleton Parker finds
that the average duration Of a job
in certain kinds of work is as fol-
lows:
Days
Lumber camps .................. 1880
Construction work Observation-Disclosures. 10
harvesting
Mining 60
Canning 80
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
Munition Workers
Sleep in Garage

Ao-Ooy lI41o tOWu IdS d pOpuIdClOU
of $4,000. Only 1900 houses have
been added to those already stand
ing in 1914. Some 14O or more
employees of one shipbuilding COM
pany live in garage and there are
seventy-eight more in an old build
ing where every room is crowded
with double-decker beds. Twenty
men sleep in the old poolroom on
the ground floor and from six to
twelve in each room upstairs. A
yard water closet is the only toilet
for these men, and yard hydrant
and sink the only water supply.
Decreased productive power due to
housing evils is slipping cog in
the great American war machine. A
sickly workman will in a short time
be an inefficient workman, and if the
output of war industries is to be
satisfactory it is of the utmost i'm
portance that the health Of the work.
crS De guarded.
At present the vitality Of workers
is lowered by disturbed sleep that
brings with it little or no refresh
mont. Sometimes the bedding is In
@anitary, vermin infested. Some
times the sleeping quarters are bad
~ overcrowded.
ADDED to the disadvantages Of loss
Of sleep, there is lack Of relaxation
for waking hours in labor camps
and communities where no provision
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-12-18
ANOTHER GREAT
QUESTION TO SETTLE
Who Is the Greatest Dough
nut Flyer in the U. S.
A. Outfit?
LI-SITEn PREss CARIBBEAN


WITH THE AMERICAN ARMY IN
FRANCE, Dec. 17.-Since the great war
is about settled. a new conflict threatens
to break out over the question of what
Y. NJ c. a woman coined the greatest
number Of doughnuts a day for dis
tribution among the American. troops
who swept across France into Germany
strong bid for championship is made
on behalf of Miss Elizabeth Bass a
member of the National Arts club. New
York. nowfa canteen worker for the Red
Triangle. Singlehanded she can mix and
fry 5000 doughnuts a day. and with as
sistants can produce 1000 in that span
Miss Bass ought TO effect maximum
efficiency in the doughnut line with
minimum equipment and minimum In
gradients, because she ran a careterfa
before coming to France. Consequently
her making of the crisp. savery dough-
nuts for which she is famous in her di-
vision. is no hit-or-miss affair. but the
result Of experience in practicing
domestic science and of careful planning
In the French village in which she
was stationed she was able to find and
commander an iron vat OF mammouth
proportions. Then she estimated how
great a quantity Of dough she needed
to keep the vat working at its full ca
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-12-18
INDUSTRIES TO
TAKE SERVICE FLAGS

A number Of the industrial captains
in the plants of East Chicago have
sisnihed their determination to obtain
one OF the one Hundred Percent Win
dow Service Flags in the present Red
Cross drive for Christmas roll call mem
berships.
This nag is a very attractive one ana
is furnished to all corporations. firms
and business houses that enroll 100 per
cent OF their employees as Red Cross
members for 1919.
There is also an Honor Roll Service
Gag for the names Of members of or
CARNATIONS that desire TO make a list
Of their Christmas Roll Call applicants.
city Chairman Ricnards says that no
seals VIII be sold this year. but that
every member who subscribes for 1919
will be given ten of these Red Cross
seals inserted in a folder Messengers
OF Health"
A group of girls under Miss Carrie
Gosch of the GARFIELD school has been
secured to make canvass for members
in the fourth ward.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-12-18
GOVERNOR STARTS
ON HIS MESSAGE
Entire Document Devoted
to the Carrying Out of
Platform Pledges.


INDIANAPOLIS IND Dec 1S.-Gov.
Goodrich started work this week on get
ting the message which he will deliver
2 the opening Of the legislature into
tnal form.
The governor has been busy collecting
data and formulating ideas for the
message for several months. He has
consulted with many leaders OF various
movements regarding ideas TO be carried
out
The entire message will be devoted 10
carrying out the platform pledges OF the
a portion which will be devoted to re-
construction ideas. according TO belief
in the best informed circles here
Consolidation OF public offices
changes in the election laws: change OF
the taxation laws. to allow the governor
to veto any part of the appropriations
bill without vetoing the entire measure
and the placing Of more power In the
hands Of the states chief executive by
making many offices now elective ap-
pointive.
1t Is probable that the governor will
not touch on prohibition although he
will submit the federal prohibition
amendment to the legislature and it
will undoubtedly be passed by large
majority.
The question of a constitutional con-
vention will probably not be touched by
the governor. He is expected to recon-
mend repeal of the law providing for
teaching Of German in grade schools on
petition Of parents of % per cent OF the
children.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-12-18
AFFAIRS IN MEXICO.

by UNITED PRESS
Ell PASO. TEX. Dec 1s-A peaceful
settlement Of Mexico's trouble is not
outside the plan underway TO Gust Pres
ident Carranza. it was learned here to-
day. Coalition Of all factions opposed to
him with enough strength shown to fore
cast successful revolution would make
civil war unnecessary, the plotters hope,
Either formal appeal to the United
states to keep hands off in case of flght-
ing or a manifesto calculated to secure
the help Of the Washington government
and the entente in peaceful solution Of
Mexicos internal affairs is the rebel
program.
General Felipe Angeles advocate Of
peaceful settlement Of Mexican internal
affairs. is said to be comforting with
villa somewhere in the mountains.
BacIers of DR.. Francisco Gasquez Co
mez for president are also mentioned as
leaders OF the anti-Carranza element.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-12-18

FOR BOOSTING
CAMPAIGN

Last night at the regular meeting OF
the East Chicago Odd Fellows lodge a
booster club was started to boost odd
Fellowship in Lake County during the
next year. District Deputy Grand Mas
ter Of Lake county was present
The club will extend throughout the
county. The incoming year, 1919. VIII
be very important for the order of In
dependent order OF odd Fellows. On
April the Goth. 1919. it will be the Tooth
anniversary of the order in the United
States. The earliest record OF the or
der in England dates from the year
1T4s.
on April 26th. isis. ave English odd
Fellows. under the leadership of Thomas
Wildey. started the order in the City
of Baltimore. Md. Since then the order
extended throughout the world And the
standing Of the order at the end of the
year 1917 was as follows:
Sovereign grand lodge. 1; independent
grand lod ges in Australia. Denmark.
Germany, Netherlands. Sweden and
Switzerland. s.; grand lodges in the Uni
ted States and Canada. 6S: subordinate
lodges, 1865; Rebekha lodges. 1853;
lodge members. 1.694.090; Rebekha lodge
members, 1885: total members belong
ing to the order 2.230.2S1. Invested
funds of grand and subordinate bodies.
S73.007653.95: homes TO take care of the
old folks and orphans. 81; subordinate
lodges in Indiana. 741; members. June
30th, 1915. 64,94S; members in Lake
county. 1851. There are . lodges in
Hammond: East Chicago, !: Indiana
Harbor. /; Whiting. /: Gary. /; Hobart.
1; Lowell /; Crown Point. !; Shelby. 1.
Total. 10 lodges in Lake county.
Watch odd Fellowship in Lake coun-
try grow.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-12-18
WHITING RED GROSS
CHAPTER IS ACTIVE
Membership Committee Is
Not to Make an Extensive
Drive at Present.
ESPECIAL To THE TIMES. |


WHITING. IND. Dec. 1S.-The Red
Cross membership drive for Whiting
was made in the su:,,mer and the u'o N
berships in almost every case were
taken for q year and half. or until
1920. so that the membership committee
here will not make an extensive drive
at the present time. The chapter has
received a large supply Of the new 1919
Red Cross buttons and Christmas seals
both of which are for free distribution
to all those having their memberships
paid until 1920. These seals and but
tons will be given to all members who
come to headquarters after I O'Clock in
the afternoon or in the evenings be-
tween $50 and S.
Persons whose memberships have ex-
pired or who have never joined are urg-
ed to come to headquarters and join for
the year 1918, and receive the new but
tons and the attractive seals which are
for free distribution TO members. The
sale OF Christmas seals for tuberculosis
work has been discontinued.
At a we'll attended meeting of the
Whiting directors and heads OF com
mittees Monday evening II was decided
to continue all Red Cross activities as
extensively as ever and carry out our
part OF the program Of the national or
ganizatio Every chapter is urged not
TO give Up working just because the war
is over; the men are still in service and
many IF the people of our allied coun-
tries are in great need. looking to Amer
lea and the American people for help.
Call at headquarters for your new
buttons and seals and join il YOU are not
already a member.
524 119 street.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-12-18
DYER NEWS

Title Moeller and brothers, Jacob and
Theodore, we're shopping at Chicago
Tuesday
Some of our people attended the sale
held north of town al steve hatzen-
berger's place.
The community meeting was well at
tended Tuesday evening. The dairy and
grain farmers had an animated debate
which wss so ably discussed on both
sides. making it difficult to decide the
victors. Boys Working Reserve pins
issued by the government were awarded
TO Waldemar Echterling. Arthur Brewer.
Mich Kuhn, VIM. Teutemacher. VIM
Seehausen and Arnold Piepho. Waldo
mar Echterling was elected president Of
the ensuing year. Phil w. keilman
vice president.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-12-18
INFORM OFFICE
AT EAST CHICAGO

The government is urging that al
employers keep the Employment serv-
ice informed of their needs for help OF
all kinds for there are soldiers to place
back into industry and many govern
ment employees. vino are finishing theii
tasks in Washington, to be either re-
instated sin former jobs or placed in
new ones.
All employers who can take back
former employees are urged to cooper
ate with the L. :. Employment Service
by informing the office at East Chicago
about what they can do.
The womens division has had a large
call for workers in cannery ana bindery
plants and there is a cOnstat demand
for domestic help. The registrants for
jobs are largely for office work. but very
few have had much experience
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-12-18
PIPER REFUSES
TO TALK
IBv UNITED Pars.

fBY UNITED PRrss
MUSHROOM, MICH. Dec 1S-Seek-
ing refuge In silence, Milo II. Piper, in
surence man, today refused to talk
further TO officers grilling him on the
charge of staying Miss Frieda WEIGH
man. alleged by the police TO have been
his wife. The sherin today said nc
trace has been found BY his men Of q
Jack Goldberg named by Piper as one
OF the men who could exonerate him
when the sheriff told Piper that no
trace Of Goldberg could be found the
prisoner became tAciturn and refused
further discussion Of the case.
The prisoner weeps in his wife's arms
every time she pays him a visit. He
eats very little and complains he cannot
sleep.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-12-18
MESSAGE
FROM THE
GOVERNOR
To the People of Indiana


The Hoosier state is in the midst OF
great campaign. part Of a real ma
tonal movement-the Christmas Mem
bership Roll Cali Of the American Red
cross. Indiana people are called upon
to enroll under the banner OF the
worlds greatest mercy organization.
But few days are left for our state
TO respond to the call. There is dan
ger that Indianas glory in past patri-
otto achievements may be dimmed II
an Indifferent ear is turned TO this i'm
portant call. We must answer with
a united voice that will be heard by
ours boys vet across the sea--that we
are stin backing the organization that
was first to minister to them in their
hour Of need.
That slogan Of the campaign All II
axes is a heart and dollar" must
not fall on unheeding ears in Indiana.
No citizen can afford to say to him
self The war Is over. why should I
join" The work OF the Red Cross
must 90 on and on War has LETT be-
hind hideous legacy OF poverty and
want. Of suffering and distress. There
: work to be done that calls for mill
lions OF willing consecrated hands
oHu near - AbuI membership VIII
help the Red Cross to complete the
great task. There is not TO be an
other money getting campaign for the
Red Cross. In responding to this call
We are simply showing our faith and
approval in what the Red Cross has
done. In what il hopes to accomplish.
II is an endorsement or the traditional
principles of the Red Cross Humanity
and Mercy"
When We answer Here" 10 this
Christmas Roll Call we say to our
boys over there. We are stnl backing
YOU to the last dollar" Let US. as
loyal Hoosiers make it a universal
Red Cross membership service flag in
every window. II We fail in this
grest test it will be the first instance
Of failure in our State. We had our
share in the lighting. SO now let as
keep in line with the greater work
that is to follow. In the name of HUI
manity. in the name OF our soldiers
over there. in the name OF the great
state OF Indiana whose record is un-
blemished in patriotic work l ask ev-
cry man and woman OF Indiana to join
the Red Cross.
JAMES p. GOODRICH.
Governor OF Indiana.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-12-18

capity, and proceeded to make IT, For
the FIRST few days she turned out only
two or three thousand doughnuts. Later
she produced single handed 5000. WhSn
she was able 10 procure assistants, she
carefully subdivided the job Of assemb-
ling the -four, milk, shortening. and
sugar. or its substitute. the mixing and
popping into the sizzling fat; and to-
gether they fried 10000 a day.
The doughboys arc keeping careful
records OF the production of this dough
nut factory. They say they're going 70
tack them UP in their kitchens at home
They are wondering II any one OF their
wives can make 5000 doughnuts a day.
When they get home the are going TO
ask them TO anyway.