davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-02-21
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many. It's results are difficult to trace
for wounded soldier poisoned by
phosphorized bullet or fragment may
depart on leave apparently well only
to suffer later with jaundice, kidney
and liver disorders which cause his
death after much suffering. Many of
the German shells. when exploding
emit peculiar white smoke, which
according to a noted English chemist
is caused by the union of the phos-
phoric and phosphorus acids with the
oxygen of the air. The luminous
shells too contain the same terrible
poison. The surgeons declare that
their work in curing wounds is great
ly hampered by the German deviItry
in treating their explosives with some
thing which poisons the wound and
leaves an acrid smell.
The machines used for projecting
liquid fire are not unlike fire extin-
guishers and are usually worked by
two men. The liquid is set on fire
as it leaves the tube. 1t cannot be
used to any great distance but when
shot into a trench the men have no
escape. A number of German fire
sprays have been captured and some
may be turned against them by the
| Allies.
As the gas kills animals as well as
men many of the soldiers have pro-
vided gas masks Tor their horses. The
effect of man and mis- mount done
UP in the ghostIy affairs present the
! effect of the KIu Klux Khan out for
raid.
And now the men of our own arny
are forced to take up the gas and
flame fighting and a call has been
issued for expert mechanics and
chemical workers to join this section
of the engineer corps. Already a
number of soldiers are in training
learning how to "strafe" sheets of
liquid fire that will burn and blind
the enemy and make way for power
full attacks. They are also studying
how to loosen clouds of poison vapors
and watt them across mo Mans
Land" to the enemies trenches, in
short to fight the Germans as they are
fighting US. The details of the work
are at present kept a secret and no
photographs of the apparatus to be
used are permitted at the present
time. Our chemists and inventors
have not been asleep and our men
will be fully equipped to meet the
Hun on common ground and fight him
with the weapon of his own choosing,
barbarous though it may be.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-02-21

the work of Americanization. The
program will also include war Amer
termination lessons. compulsory school
attendance of illiterate minors.
schedule of standards and methods,
pledge cards for one million. volun-
teers, articles in foreign language
press, factory classes, home teaching,
teacher training, public speakers,
supervisors of immigrant education
and correlation of Federal and State
activities.
In connection with the American
ization of men in camp, the Bureau
of Education has just completed a
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-02-21
How the Germans introduced Poisons Of Various
Kinds In the Present Conflict After Assuring
the Hague That They Would Garry On
War In Humane Manner Only.

again appeared before Constantinople
and were once more defeated by "sea
fire." The Russian Naval forces were
similarity defeated in 941 and 104S.
This "sea fire" was discharged from
siphons and its mode of preparation
was a close secret. Chemists of to-
day, however, claim that it was COM
posed of naptha, quick lime and sui
phur. The Moors made continual use
of incendiary missiles from the years
1910 to 1860. At the siege of Weis-
senburg, in 1850, stone balls covered
with an incendiary composition were
in vogue.
During the middle ages it was the
custom of soldiers to attach burning
substances to swallows and other birds
so that when they few to the house
tops they would set the roofs on fire
They even smeared cats and dogs with
pitch and after setting them on fire
chased the poor tortured animals into
enemy's lines. Cauldrons of melted
lead and boiling oil were poured from
housetops on the besiegers heads.
In the ninth century the lancers
rode into battle with burning pixies
and during the fifteenth century cross
bowmen used incendiary arrows
Naptha flames were used in 1858. II
1860 the Chinese used fire arrows
against the French. During the wal
of 1870 the French at one time decid-
ed to use petrol fire pumps in battle
! with the Germans but later the ides
was abandoned whether on account o.
inferior apparatus or because of The
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-02-21
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ISacNNv2Y EI2SYIoz53I-aeZ0 NlA7a0z5NTWZUz
G1AYZEauz1zzuHc
Methods and Ways Of Producing United People
Behind the Fighting Lines
vZEE IW.cH
Copyright, 1875 The International Syndicate.

language. Aliens to the number of
100000 are debarred by law from
United States citizenship, and there
are 66,643 aliens who are subject to
the draft, many of whom are already
in training camps, and military train
ing must wait until they are taught
English.
Some further facts given out by the
Committee of One Hundred visualize
the situation in pregnant manner.
New York is the fourth German and
the largest Hebrew city in the world,
while it is a larger Italian city than
Rome. Chicago is the second Bohe-
milan, the fourth Polish and the fifth
German city in the world. Pittsburg
holds more Serbs than does the cap.
ital of their own country.
The United States Bureau of Educa.
ton, in conjunction with the National
| Committee of One Hundred, believes
that the present is the time and op
portunity to unite behind a, pro-Amer
lean program to overcome the circum
stances resulting from the condition
which has been found TO exist, largely
it is believed, because of the perver
sion of the truth which is mainly tn,
result Of ignorance of the Englisl
language.
The Plan.
The war Americanization plan Pre-
jected by the United States Burea1
of Education, in cooperation with tn
Committee of One Hundred, propose
to substitute American for anti-Ame1
lean influence among immigrant!
make the English language the lar
guage of the United States and brea
i down sedition." was the slogan orii
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-02-21

Iaborers have become foremen and
superintendent.
Home Teaching.
Another method of meeting the
anti-American propaganda Instituted
by the Bureau of Education is through
its home teaching. This is new
departure in educational methods.
The home teachers carry with them
not only the lessons of the English
language, but at the same time teach
domestic arts and sciences, hygiene
and the care of children. The Bureau
is promoting this plan all over the
country, the cities taking up the idea
with much interest. New York City
has designated certain of its day
school teachers to visit the homes of
their day scholars and stimulate at
| tendance at night schools Of the adult
members of the family.
Many other Federal departments
and bureaus are cooperating with the
| Bureau of Education in it's plan of
Americanization. The States Rela-
lions Office of the Department of Agri-
culture and the Food Administration
are preparing lessons Incorporating
| the production, conservation and
thrift idea into the language lessons.
The Committee of One Hundred is
taking in hand the printing of those
lessons as well as the introduction of
them into the hundreds of night
| schools and the thousands of commu-
mites which are sustaining unofficial
organizations. The keynote of all the
lessons SO distributed is Americas
Part in the War"
Striking Posters.
The majority of the national pa
triotic organizations in the United
States are cooperating with the Blu
reau of Education and the Committee
of One Hundred in their present cam
paign of Americanization, and not the
least potent feature of the lessons
which they have issued is the striking
posters which tell their own story tc
the casual eye, and in their many Ian
guages further elucidate the prin
ciples of Americanization they are de
signed to teach to the foreign dwell
ers in the communities for which they
have been prepared.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-02-21
SHE CELEBRATED ALONE

Reception at Which Only the Bride
lures. Her eyebrows being eloquent
of surprise. Mrs. K. explained. 81
am decorating for my golden wedding
reception" said she.
you are going to have a celebra-
tion?" asked the friend aghast.
"Of course. 1 will have been mar
ried fifty years on the twenty-tifth
of February, why should I not cele-
brate?"
"Rut Mr. K-?" faltered the friend.
"He will not be here. I wouldn't
permit that man to cross my door
step" responded that mans wife
cheerfullv. at is to be an evening
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-02-21

Received the Guests.
reception so do come, dear, and
bring Minnie with you"
And the reception was a great suc-
cess. The antiquated bride received
the guests alone and everyone pre-
tended politely to see nothing odd
in the fact that the bridegroom was
missing.
But this is what our peculiar civil
ization with its divorces and its sepa-
rations has brought us to-wedding
anniversaries with only one of the
married pair celebrating, and the
other one enjoying himself in his
own fashion somewhefe else in the
same town.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-02-21
y Golden Wedding

\ Golden Wedding
~HE problems of our civilization
~ are surely very great. AS an
~ illustration take the case of
Co. Mrs K. Mrs. K. is an old lady
now but not so very many years ago
she was a spirited middle-aged one.
It was during her spirited middle
age that she and her husband agreed
to disagree, and separated.
They separated and have never
seen each other since. though they
live in the same town.
Recently person who called on
Mrs. K. found that ancient lady frisk-
lily atop step-ladder putting gar
lands over the frames of the, pic
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-02-21

- HE OLD SAYING there is moth
AZ ing new under the sum- applies
"a aptly to the majority of the
~ weapons used in the present
war. 1t is especially applicable to the
use of incendiary apparatus for all
these hellish devices for causing the
suffering and torture of ones fellow
man are merely the evolution of the
cauldrons of burning material used in
battles as far back as 200 B. G. From
that time to the present day man has
been trying out new inventions along
these lines until today we have the
incendiary bomb, the liquid fire spray,
the phosphor shrapnel and the various
kinds of poison gas, all of which cause
death, some instant. and others after
long suffering.
Early History.
In the early days the incendiary ap-
paratus was used on ships as we'll as
on land and one historian gives a
graphic description of the effect of
"sea fire" in the year 66S A. D., when
the Arabs, still in the height of their
conquering enthusiasm, began to be-
Lacquer Constantinople by land and
sea, when an architect named Kali
liuikos fed from Heliopolis in Syria
to the Imperial City and impaired the
secret of "sea fire." Its use spread
terror and destruction among the
Moslem fleet and was the principal
cause of the siege being eventually
raised after seven years.
In A D., 716 to us, the Arabs
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-02-21

~HE STATE DEPARTMENT has
III found out since the beginning
of the war that network of
sedition has spread over this
country from coast to coast. Serious
inquiry into this condition finds its
most fruitful source in the ignorance
of the alien population of the Ian
guage and of American principles.
To ameliorate this condition the
United States Bureau of Education
has taken upon itself the task of pro-
jecting a campaign of the American
ization of the alien within our gates.
1t has more than one avenue for the
outlet of this o-American propa-
ganda, but that which is most active
is the National Committee of One
Hundred, which is a cooperating body
of one hundred men and women rep
resentative of every part of the coun-
try, who are prominently identified
with movements working for Ameri-
canization of aliens. The Chairman
~ the Executive Committee of the
Committee of One Hundred is DR.
Harrison H. Wheaton, specialist in
the education of immigrants of the
United States Bureau of Education.
Large Percentage OF Foreigners.
Some of the facts which have lee
to the realizing sense of need for in
tensive education of aliens are con
tanned in statistics supplied by tn
Bureau of Education. There are 80,
600, 900 people of foreign parentag
in the United States today. Thes
represent one hundred races and ma
tionalities. OF these people $4,000
600 are foreign-born, and 100000
OF them do not speak the Englis
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-02-21

y HE OLD SAYING there is moth
ing new under the sum-" applies
aptly to the majority of the
- NNnannnS Used in the nreSent
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-08-30

units who replaced IN went up and
took the village again, they won spe-
cial commentator from the French
In an Official statement.
Berry. lying a few miles south 81
scissors. formed one OF the bastions
of support by which the crown prince
hoped to hold up the allied Offensive
against the Marne salient while he
withdrew his men and supplies from
the great pocket late in July.
Probably no single position In the
SCISSORS region was defended by more
machine guns. Our patrols had al
ready sounded out the formidable ma
ture of the German defenses. Ameri-
can units had been going through ter
rife fighting for seevral days. pushing
on under a hot su nthrough wheat
fields thick with machine nests and
through woods and underbrush until
they were so exhausted 1t seemed they
had reached the limits of human en-
durance.
Finally word came that they would
be relieved on the night of the TWEEN
tieth, The news ran along the front
line where men were hugging shell
holes under heavy bonn bardment
They couldn't restrain their cheers
But two hours before the relief was
scheduled to take place came an order
countermanding the previous an
nouncement. Instead of coming back
to their billets, the Americans were
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-08-30

vices Four weeks ago ne began TO
sink rapidly and went to hospital in
Greensboro, y. G. with the hope OF pro-
longing his life. bat he continued to
sink until the end,
Funeral services were conducted in
the Liberty Baptist church on Sunday
afternoon by his pastor Rev. c. w
McElroy. assisted by Rev Callahan, of
the Methodist church. The spacious
building was crowded with people from
every walk Of life who came to honor
his memory. Beautiful music was
dtred by MIR, and Mrs. Barksdaie and
Mr.. Ford. Of Lynch burg: Mrs. Brown.
ing, OF Richmond. and Mrs. l. T.. Smith.
OF Appomattox Miss Kate Franklin,
Of Famplin, presided at the pipe organ.
'nterfneht was made in Liberty cerne-
terry Mrs Lindsay Craw1ey read
Bryants 'Thanatopsis' and Rev Nc
Eiroy conducted a rose commitai SER
vice
The pallhearers were Drs Il. NJ. Tai.
heterro and j. F. Clark, of I.vnchburg
Dr.. G. F. James, Nessrs. c. +. and G.
a, Hancock, r, Dinwiddie Hon. Rich.
ard Burke. f, r. Abhitt, Moseley
Hunter and other leading citizens
Flowerhearers, Mesdames j. r. At.
wood, Luther Throckmorton Fl u
Flood. Misses Estelle Thornton, FuIa
May Burke and many others
Many business and professional peo-
pie we're present from Roanoke, Lynch.
burg Richmond and Washington
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-08-30
TIRED AMERICANS
MAKE HARD ATTACK

With the American Army in France.
Aug. 2s.--The story of how an Ameri-
can brigade. worn down by sheer ex-
haustion. stormed and captured the
strongly fortified village of Berzy-Le-
Sar south of Scissors. in an exception
ally brilliant attack on July 81, may
now be told. since General Pershing
awarded the distinguished service
cross to Brigadier- General Buck, max
ing first public announcement of the
fact that Americans occupied the
town
Though our storming columns bea.
down the German resistance and
passed through and beyond fine town.
French colonials on their right were
held up by bitter opposition and were
unable to make progress. Consequent
", our men were compelled to fall
back from the perilous salient form ed
by their advance
In accordance wit hthe French poi
'cv Of Withholding the announcement
Of the capture of a town until il is rea-
sonabiy safe against an imm ediate
counter -attack correspondents were
not permitted TO mention that we had
occupied Berry
Several days later. when Scottish
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-08-30

the Eve wet states which have already
done so. Nevada, Illinois and Ohio
are practically sure To ratify. There is
splendid fighting chance in Penn
syivania. New York. New Jersey and
California. and, in fact, there is not
single state in the Union that is
hopeless, Colonel MuhgroSe said:
This war has removed all the
alleged objections to the adoption OF
national prohibition. We have learn
ed that under modern conditions each
state lives. moves and has its being as
member of the Union, and that
states rights are usually invoked for
reactionary or anti-soctal purpose,
or as a oamouffage to have something
respectable with which 10 protect
recognized evil.
The personal liberty appeals sink
into insignificance as the federal gov
eminent for its safety and welfare
controls food, fuel and other comforts
and necessaries of life. There Is not
single defense for liquor that has
not been DESTROYED by legislative pre-
cedent since the war began. We have
learned that the nations welfare and
saf eiy are paramount.
The whole trend of the time lis
against the liquor traffic and nothing
@@Ut dnal vjctory-s
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-08-30
More Airplanes
Needed In Navy
Department Making Use OF Every
Available Agency TO Increase Out
put OF Machines.


Available Agency TO Increase Out
put OF Machines.
Washington. Aug. 2e.--The navy
department In making efforts to in
crease materially its supply OF air
planes for purely naval service
Secretary Daniels said today the
army and navy were working har-
montously and there was no danger
OF overlapping or of competition be-
tween the two departments that would
fnjure the general service.
There are daily conferences between
Rear Admiral Taylor. chief construc-
tor of the navy, and Captain Erwin.
representing the army in aircraft pro-
duction- The present plan Of the navy
is to employ every manufacturer pos
sihle who can produce a part of the
machine and the navy undertakes the
assembling of the parts.
1t is stated the expansion of the
navy has made necessary an expansion
in the number of hydro-aeroplanes
and airplanes and that it is not a
question of types, but of getting the
best and most of any approved type.
The use of the American airplane
abroad wherever the United States
feet is operating has increased greatly
both from the ships and from the
numerous air stations established by
the United States navy on foreign soil.
The navy has undertaken from the
beginning to operate its own air ser
vice as part from the army, and it is
stated that the plan has been emin-
emily successful
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-08-30

to their right wing by thh British
The strategists here are not willing
TO go any farther today than 10 pro-
phesv the effacement OF the linden
burg line Beyond that, they say. there
is a big problem which will depend
on the reinforcement OF the German
decimated divisions,
Military men seem TO have put one
opinion of a yelled threat which is
contained in an interview with the
German lieutenant general. Baron Won
Ardennew. which comes via AmSter~
dam. The threat Is that Germany has
something in reserve which is to turn
the present debacle into new Ger
man offensive. The American mill
tary opinion Is that the threat is
/ Either n bold colossal bluff; or.
2. The assumption that Germany
will be able to force the Russians and
other conquered nations 10 send troops
to the battlefield 10 save the Rhine.
The great majority opinion IL that
the menace OF the German general II
simply hluf and that probably the
German soldiers have been told al
ready that there is vast man power
coming from the east Tt Is stated
by the experts however, that German
efforts to fill her ievies from Lithu-
anian. Esthonian and Livonian sources
are known to- have failed.
The German divisions already in
action have been cut up, the prisoners
il IL specifically pointed out, have
been taken at all points from Switzer-
lands border to the Channel ports,
and none but Germans have been
among the prisoners
And yet Ii is thoroughly we'll known
TO the war department,that the Ger
mans tried recruiting in the so-called
conquered provinces. II is argued
that IL will be immensely more diff
cult now that Germany is losing and
falling back for sef~defense TO points
probably as close to the Rhine as pos
sible without giving the allies for the
present an opportunity to she'll the
Rhine towns. The latter development
seems to he absolutely certain IL the
wings of the German army are rolled
back on the center by the successful
thrusts now in sight by the British
on the north and the ali-American
army on the south.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-08-30

= short but cisAr-cut speech in direc,
superstition 20 tho speech Of his col
league. senator Thomas. Senator Tram
nell. Of Florida. moved TO strike out
June 10. 1919, and insert January l.
1919. This motion was lost on wfw-
voice vote. The substitute was Their
adopted by large majority without
division or rvcsl call
All Of the principal officers of the
Anti-Saloon League OF America were
present In the senate gallery when the
nnai vote was taken. Including Gem
eral Superintendent r. A Baker, Ieris-
iattve superintendent; F. g. Dinwidd!e.
bishop James Cannon, Jr.. chairman
or the national legislative committee:
Hen WAYNE 3. Wheeler. f II. Cher
rinRton, Or A. ! Barton and number
OF state superintsadents Besides these,
Mrs. Anna L. Gordon. president OF the
National w. c. T T.. and her assoc
ciatea, the representatives Of a large
number OF church and fraterna tenn
perance societies. witnessed The nnai
action IN the tremendous drive for
wartime prohibition.
The national legislative committee
Of the Antt-Saloon League of America
gave out the following statement to-
nfeht;
The passage of the war prohibition
bill bears assurance that nation wide
prohibition az both the manufacture
and sale ~ all kinds of intoxicating
liquors w'll be permanent after June
80. 1919 The ratification of the con-
stitutioua1 amendment will Re com
pieted and effective before the period
cf tire war and rehabilitation is over.
The president Is authorized 10 estah-
Ijshdry zones around coal mines mum
lion factories and all war " ork rlants
II is confidently expected that the
house will concur In the senate amend
rnsnts and that the bill Will speedily
become a la w"