davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1918-07-02
Free Coaching for Merchant Marine
Watch Officers.

Old watch officers in the mercNa"'
marine who wish to prepare for spe-
cal examinations TO advance the
grades will be coached free in any nav %
cation school conducted by the untcI
states Shipping Board Recruiting So.
vice, II was announced on sunday ,
rational headquarters Of the service o."
Boston.
The Shipping Board schools are
situated in leading ports OF the A,laut
Gulf, Pacific and Great Lakes App
cants for free training must he Amer
can citizens, They may apply direct
TO the schools, or to headquarters n
He Shipping Board Recruiting Ser ice,
al the Boston Custom House.
Statistics given out this week show
that 1000 experienced seamen are holus
prepared a. present in the Shipp.N.
Board navigation schools FOR wa
officers.
Men between . and 80, incxperlert"'
In seagoing, are being accepted H. r'
Shipping Board on its merchant mar.
training ships at Boston There are
many opportunities for men to become
hremen.
The sun., 1918-07-02
DR.. WekerIe on the Austrian Defeat.

The Hungarian Premier, DR.. ALEX
AMBER WEKERLE, has frankly confessed
in the Hungarian Parliament the fail
ure Of the Austro-Hungarian often.
sive against Italy. He places the
loss to the army in the recent attack
upon the lower Plave at 100000 men
and says that the two previous expe-
ditlons into Italy cost from 10000 to
1000 men.
DIR. WEKERLE's estimate Is not far
from that made by the Allies them
selves and he places the responsibility
for the last failure upon the collapse
Of the bridges over the Piave and u
desire to save the Austrian army
from still heavier losses This revela-
ton. according to the dispatches from
Budapest, caused sensa ton in Par
lament" This, perhaps. was not ex-
uggerated. 1t was to have been ex-
pected. DR.. WEKERLE is one OF the
| most discreet men in Hungarian poll
| tics, a reason for his continuing in
Office practically unassailed during
the present bitter racial strife In the
Kingdom, and this statement Is the
first which he has made during his
term of Office to attract the country's
interest. In disclosing these facts
he has taken a course directly OPP
poslte to that Of Vienna and Berlin,
| which have reported the casualties
to the troops as small and have min
imized the Italian gains.
There were two evident explana-
| tons for this confession. DR.. WEKERLE
| attempted to appease the Hungarinns
for the loss that they had sustained,
and he undertook to prepare Hungary
for the further demands to be made
upon her by the Central Powers. Az
ter he had stated the losses suffered,
the report says, "a great uproar inter.
rupted the Premier and there were
cries of They were all Hungarians.' "
Hungary opposed the offensive be.
cause, with the existing disorganiza-
ton in the Austrian army and the
loyalty of the Czechs and Sluvs IN
question, she knew that she would be
compelled to bear the brunt of the
| movement, This mistrust DR.. WEEK
ERIE clearly expressed in saying that
the rumors were "the Hungarans
The sun., 1918-07-02

were called on In excessively large
numbers and that the losses fell on
them only"
In closing his address he placed par
tlcular stress upon the western front,
which he declared ain the interest Of
the common conduct of the war 10
undoubtedly the objective which 1t Is
our duty to attain" But II Is doubt
full II this appeal, which was evident
ly from Berlin, will have the effect of
securing more troops for the German
line In France. Hungary has not
favored this diversion Of her army,
and she will oppose 1t now more than
before on account Of the German fail
ure to give assistance In the italian
campaign.
With DIR. KtHLMANN talking in
Berlin in opposition to Pan-German-
Ism and Prusslan militarism and DR..
WEKERLE exposing the weaknesses Of
the Hapsburg monarchy the world Is
getting an unusually good official in
sight into the internal conditions of
the Central Powers.
The sun., 1918-07-02
The German Peace Programme.

1t has been complained Of all the
peace proposals that have come from
German statesmen that they were
vague, obscure and lacking in detail.
No fault can be found with the pro-
gramme put forward by Count Room,
member of the Prussian House of
Lords, on any Of these points. He is
painfully specific, precise and full Of
detail. The synopsis of his plan. given
in n Havas despatch from Basic,
Switzerland, is comprehensive, and he
cannot be charged with overlooking
anything. A peace acceptable to Ger
many, he says, must provide:
Annexation of Belgium with admin
istrative autonomy in the interior.
Independence Of Flanders.
Annexation of the entire Flanders
coast. including Calais.
Annexation Of the Briey and Longwy
basins and the Toul. Belfort and verdun
regions eastward.
Restitution to Germany Of all her
colonies. including Kaio-Chau.
Great Britain to cede to Germany
such naval bases and coaling stations as
Germany designates.
to Spain. cede its war fleet to Germany.
restore Egypt to Turkey and the Sues
Canal to Turkey.
Greece must be reestablished under
former King CONSTANTINE with frontiers
as before the war.
Austria and Bulgaria will divide Ser
bia and Montenegro.
Great Britain, France and the United
States must pay all Of Germany's war
costs. the indemnity being a minimum
of s45. 900. 900, ooo."
There Is only one indication OF
weakness in Count RooSs proposals
He does not assume that the arrange
ment he has worked out will be ac-
cepted by the Entente as happy
solution Of the difficulties that now
exist. This Is pity. A true Prus-
sian would look for applause from his
victims as he recited to them such
liberal terms. But the Count even
goes so far as to anticipate non-com-
pllance with the plan he advocates,
and suggests that France and Bel
GUM be occupied by German troops
until the last cent Of indemnity has
been paid.
Count RooN's proposals have one
virtue. The answer to them would
come easily from any statesman of
the Entente.
The sun., 1918-07-02
PACIFIC CLANS.
II the Tranquil Ocean Has None II
should Be Stocked.

To TIE EDITOR or THE SUN-Sir, Some
years arp this perioatet!c, holding an
interview with genial ANTIQUARIAN.
gave rapt attention TO his frle"Gs re-
mark that in these days no clans are
to be found on the Pacific coast,
But the old philosophers suggestion
caused him great surprise, for 1t was
always his graphic thought that the
clam had very pacific look
In truth. sir, through all the colapS-
ing and uncertain and shifting dawns
Of the dimmest history, were not clans
considered the very first pac!fsts'
Without doubt there are yet frag-
ments of humanity, sharing the herI-
tage OF mystic ages. which still hear
the crash OF cons of avalanches and
feel the chill of the changing centuries,
but the noble clam by its constitution
must ever be unconscious, apathetic, inn
movable, and such will be its Unsuitable
exhibit even In the shadows Of monu-
mental memorials to the end OF time.
WILLIAM ARNOLD ROWLAND.
MONTREAL, June 20,
The sun., 1918-07-02

bat they would subject themselves to
the danger OF being executed. Tho prin-
ciple is simply that only soldiers have
the right to engage in warfare"
In the Geneva Convention Of 1906 IT
was provided by Article IN. that per
sons engaged exclusively in collecting,
transporting and treating the wounded
and sick, and the personnel Of medi-
cal units, should be respected and
protected under all circumstances.
The services performed in the field by
members Of the Young Mems Chris
tian Association are so analogous IN
character that they ought to enjoy q
similar immunity, provided they care.
fully abstain from any military nc.
tivlties.
On the other hand, as Is well said
by Mr.. A. p. HIGoINs in his standard
treatise on the Hague Conferences
men and squads Of men not under
strict discipline, not forming part OF
an army or Of n levy en- masse at, the
approach Of the invaders, who com
nit hostile acts with intermitting re.
turns to their homes and vocations
dlvesting themselves Of the appear.
ance or character Of soldiers, have nc
cause for complaint Of an infringe
ment of the laws of war If when they
are caught. they are denied belligereni
rights and put to DEATH"
There have been many occasions
however, when civilians have actively
participated In the military defenct
of besieged towns-to such IN ex
tent indeed that 1t would be deemed
barbarous to subject them to pun
ishment as murderers. In such cases
they have usually been treated with
lenity. A notable instance Is that OF
the heroic Spanish women who as
sisted the gunners in the defence OF
Saragossa. Admiral STOCKTON in hi:
"Outllnes of International Law" also
mentions the defence of Plevna
against the Russians in the Russo
Turkish war as case in which ex
ceptlonal treatment was granted tc
private citizens who took part in the
fighting.
A clear comprehension of their
rights in regard to Fighting on the
part Of American civilians engaged
in service at the front is essential to
prevent melancholy mistakes.
The sun., 1918-07-02

us that although the appropriations
for the State government this year
have been $S1. 100000, the largest
amount in our history, there has not
been single consultation between the
Governor and the chairmen Of the
legislative finance committees, or be-
tween the Governor and himself. The
implication Is that the Governor de-
clined to confer with these gentle
men. Senator Brown thinks that
essential economies and a wise pro-
vision for public needs are not best
secured in this way"
The continued success Of q great
political party can only be secured by
cooperation on the part Of its leaders.
The personal ambition Of one must
not be allowed to crush others; and
compromises must often be adopted
where matters Of principle are not
involved. There Is something wrong
when the conservative policies advo-
Gated by Republican leader Of
acknowledged character and proved
ability, like ELoN II. BBowN, are
loftily ignored and whistled down the
wind as though he were novice in
knowledge and experience. His Is n
type Of leadership that cannot pru-
IDENTIFY be rejected by party which
has to rely to a great extent on the
support Of the common people in the
best sense Of the term.
Senator BRowN is too young and
too able and useful to be placed upon
the retired list vet.
The sun., 1918-07-02
THE NEW YORK CHURCHES.
Are They Doing Their Duty by the
People of the Town?

To THE EDITOR OF TIE Sun Sir i've
had considerable amusement out ot the
somewhat mild controversy concerning
the wiCEedness OF New York. I'm some
what in the position Of A man up a
tree---a sojouruor here for the last Two
years, but rot resident--and, as
fire prevention engineer. more actively
Interested N sound construction, cheni-
cal ex;juguishers and automatic sprink-
lers than in the showers Of blessing for
wh..h the churches are the causatiye
impulse
But are they
While I've been working on the other
end OF fire protection | could not he
blind to the fact that the churchce
l. G, the Protestant churches Che
Catholic churches are always on the
job are laying down" to use n wei
understood phrase of the great Amer
can game, and are letting tho bulk NJ
he stakes thelr communicants) go 10
the kitty; and feeding the kitty" isn't
any more profitable for churches than
is for poker players.
SO think II is a fire thing that the
Rev DIR, Straton has sounded this clca D."
buglc call to duty for the Protestar'
churches and their ministers. II Ger
tainly is well, in my judgment, that our
OF this controversy over the conccr-
trated wlckedness OF the worlds me-
tropolis, enllvened by the sharp but VT
envenomed shafts Of Don MARQUIS a .
s!dclight there has lcaped TO view m"
really vital problem of what to d.
with our churches in summer"
The sun., 1918-07-02
The Retirement OF Senator Brown

All well Informed citizens of New
York who are solicltous for the well
fare of the State will regret the de-
cision of Senator ELoN X. Brown to
retire from the public service. For
many years he has represented the
Thirty-f1fth district in the State Sem
ate, That district comprises the
counties Of Jefferson and Oswego,
bordering on the st. Lawrence River
and Lake Ontario. He has been the
leader of the Republican party in his
branch of the Legislature, and has
occupied very much the same position
as that which was held for so many
years by Senator WILLIAM III. ROBERT.
SON OF Westchester, whose appoint
ment to the Collcctorship of this Port
in 1881 by President GARFIELD led to
the resignation of CoNKLING and
PLATT from the United States Senate.
This means that Senator Brown has
acquired mastery OF the political
conditions throughout the State and
n knowledge Of its government past
and present such as few other public
men possess; and these are qualities
which make him n sagacious leglsla.
tor such ms neither his party nor the
people can afford to lose.
Why Is he about to retire? Be
cause Of 1.-The breakdown of party gov,
eminent Mt Albany and the conse.
Iuent loss of efficiency in the conduct
Of the affairs of the State" He tells
The sun., 1918-07-02
TRADE BRIEFS.

Consul Louis G. Dreyfuss. Jr, reports
from Malaga, Spain. that the l0ls.l9 olive
crop In that district promises to be a
large one. There will be difficulty in mar
keting the supply. however, as almost the
entire 19l7-ls output of olive oil Is still
In Spanish warehouses. Maximum prices
have been fixed by the Government on oil
intended for domestic use.
Concrete lighters and tow boats are be-
Ing bui't in Shanghai, China. one such
vessel. ca feet long and equipped with
Kerosene motors, has been completed, and
others are under course OF construction.
There Is a market In Australia for inya-
lid and rolling chairs OF American make.
Italian merchants are in the market for
brushes OF all kinds, Samples should be
sent.
The sun., 1918-07-02
"Fastldlous Tastes" OF Ameri cans
and "Frr gal Needa" OF Russians.

Field Marshal ARE Won STRAUssEy-
BURG, the Austro.Hungarlan Chief Of
Staff, has assured the civilian popu-
lation Of the Empire and the army
under him that American soldiers can
not be Of much aid to the Italians.
This high military dignltary bases
his comforting opinion on the belief
that 1.-The Americans, with their fas-
tidious tastes and their lack of ex-
perience in the hardships of war, can
not make up for the Entente loss of
the hard trained Russian soldiers,
with their frugal needs"
The "fastidious tastes of the Amer.
lean soldiers render 1t necessary that
each individual among them shall be
properly fed. properly clothed, and
properly equipped with arms. They
are not cent into battles until they
have the weapons with which to fight.
These being provided as they are BE-
Ing provided, the end of the "fastid-
iousness" the Field Marshal detects
In our military establishment has
been reached.
The frugal needs" Of the Russian
soldiers were matters OF notoriety
during the second year Of the war.
1t was frequently revealed that be-
cause Of incompetence or worse in
the army supply departments Rus
sian soldiers were sent into action un.
fed, without arms. without ammuni-
ton. Russian infantry opposed Ger
man and Austrian troops with wooden
clubs, with falls. with their bare
hands Russian artillerlsts stood by
their guns impotent, because the shells
delivered to them would not At the
pieces. or because there was no pow.
der to propel the shells. In such
ways the "frugality" OF the Russian
soldiers was demonstrated.
Field Marshal Won SrRAussENBrRG
Is right rs to the fastldiousness OF
American soldiers In wanting good
weapons and good ammunition. He
Is right, In way he does not mean,
about the "frugallty" OF the Russian
soldier. But the fastidiouSness Of the
American soldier Is founded on knowl.
edge Of the necessities OF war, and de-
termination to use every instrument
that is needed to win; where the fru-
gality of the unfortunate Russian
was the outgrowth of complete help
lessness and utter inability to provide
for the defence Of his country against
the aggressions of Teutonlc military
and diplomatic invaders.
The sun., 1918-07-02
The Right Of Civilians to Fight.

The right of civilians to fight is, as
a general rule, like snakes in ireland,
non-eXistent
The Judge Advocate General of the
Army, In answer to II request for in
formation on the subject from work
ers of the Young Mems Christian AS
ISOLATION, who have been told that
they are liable to be shot If they fall
into the hands of the Germans, in
stead Of being treated as prisoners of
war, has advised them as follows:
TT Is true that captured soldiers In
cur no liability to be executed by reason
of having participated in combatant SER
vice. The same is true OF those cap
tured Y. NJ, G, A. workers who have
pursued exclusively their appropriate
work. II Y. NJ. c. A. workers or other
civilians should engage in actual COM
The sun., 1918-07-02

=. A.. .n,r;. -. ala Nav vorIer
-, 49,. ,v.,....
""o ."u VIM s''"e'ou AZ i''s
on wall street with the surging crowo
OF Brooklynites that footed that thor
ouRhfare morninRs and afternoons to
and from IN. 1-p,or r.rrv comnanv,s
TODAY Il ia doubtful ~ he would rec
ognize the old Custom House. II Ia
doubtful. too. n a modern New yorker
revisitinR after a short absence of a
year the new Custom House that faces
Bowling Green will see all of the ia
miliar features Of its rotunda in its
present condition Of reconstruction. It
L. quite likely, though. that the old
New Workers. may see some improve
ment In the older building, and that
the modern resident OF the city will
bewail what to him may have the
appearance OF a ruthless DETACHMENT
OF the newer structure. The older
building and its departed greatness
are, however. the theme Of this retro
spectlve paper.
1t takes an ancient and retentive
memory to visualize the Wall street
Of the old Custom House: one that can
see Jauncey Court, and the squat
building at the corner OF Wall and
William streets that once housed the
Bank OF America. 1t Is only man
who has rumbled over the cobbles in
a Fifth avenue stage, ornamented on
its panels with the pictorial conceits
of a highly imaginative landscape
painter: one who has handed his fare
to the clamorous driver-as character
istic Of Father Knickerbocker as the
gayly painted omnibus-through the
peep hole behind the drivers seat,
! who would have the courage to revive
its fading memories or rehabilitate the
worthless who once were potent there.
Should the old New Yorker reach
the entrance to the City National
Bank in his reincarnate visit he would
probably lift his feet, like a hayseed
on a city tagging. expecting to md
a flight Of granite steps leading be-
tween massive granite Doric columns
to where he would once again set them
on the marble thing Of its ancient ro-
tunda. Should he go inside OF the
building he would look in vain for the
gilded eagle with spread wings that
| had to him once seemed about to leave
| it's perch on the spherical clock in the
centre Of the chamber to pounce upon
any one who was not imbued with the
spirit of America Let us look, then,
at this old haunt of favored politicians,
clerks, and the flowing tide Of mixed
stream of humanity called TO a COM
| mon centre by the exigencies Of COM
The sun., 1918-07-02

Senator GORE Ia authority for the
statement that the newest dry amend
ment will not prohibit the withdrawal
OF whiskey from bond for American
beverages until July /, 1919. This will
give an added year for "tapering off"
to those unhappy weaklings who have
tried more abrupt process and failed.
Had that prohibition been imme-
diately effective all the whiskey now
In bond would have gone to England,
whose purchases and shipments have
already made bourbon and rye as ia
miliar as Scotch and Irish in London
for the potent base OF whatever the
British call that which once was
known In this country as a highball.
The sun., 1918-07-02
The Cakes and the King.

During the war
Tho nop,,RrI.v OF Kings ba.
somsvha,
Dimipisb,d and m. ,ob a,
KipsIny
/, ma. los, I,-r.
n.a.ur. r, A..
A,trac,iy.ress Pm,
rh. o,h.- d.y ,o,,a
Nv.o,, .pyy,,v E,, c.o
W.,
Rad
T,,, -,
yI.,, - INV AZ
H., in In,do, h. h,, ,,r ~.
rt-.,
tn. T., Ut, ,r.
racl,.d
49,
~, proL,,, c,L
r,.,.' i.
WV .,n,o,
p..,.., a..
~, -, 49,
IT,.
w.,
,
49,
PAPER. and IN. ,ouid
The sun., 1918-07-02
The young Yanks from Yaphanh
are yanking at the Junker.

A little reading between the lines
informed the Senate what are General
CRowDER's opinions on the proposed
extension OF the draft age llmita-
tions. Senator CHAMBERLAIN having
stated to his colleagues that Secretary
BAKER and General MARCH were not
in favor of such extensions. Senator
SMoor interrupted to observe: But
the Senator did not state what are
General CRowpERs opinions" Sen
ator CHAMBERLAIN responded that
when General CRowpER was appealed
to General CRowDER simply said that
1t was his duty to search out and 10
carry out what was agreed upon. !
think we can read between the lines
Of the statements which Genera,
CRowDER has made from time to time
that he entertains the same opinion
that l do, and the same opinion that
other members OF the Senate enter
tain, and that is that eventually these
changes will have to be made"
The sun., 1918-07-02
From the Nsp Haven Echo.

From the Nsw Haven Echo.
While working on the banks OF Knob
Creek lack Heady had hts attention Mt
racted 10 backhird In tina, stream.
Rushing down IN tho water he WAS able
to grab tho bird and pul' IT cut. With the
bird came arge crawash that held the
bird hrmly in Its claws. This bird had
evidently been caught while bathing lack
carried his md up to the ottce to prove
his story The bird was released and both
were put on the moor. Soon the crawhsh
had the bird again and killed It.
The sun., 1918-07-02

Socialists demand for $50, 900 in ad
dition 10 $4,000 already subscribed TO
insure a fair trial" for the !. w w
in Chicago indicates, OF course, their
belief that without fund of 500, 00O
the accused will be unfairly tried
There have been occasional scandals
resulting from alleged use OF large
sums of money to influence criminal
trials, but fairness" was not the OBJ
ject sought.
The sun., 1918-07-02

Ordinarily letters despatched by air
plane are In the hands of the adj
dresses in New York and Washington
at approximately T. NJ, and in Phil
adelphia at 2 80 +. NJ,
The sun., 1918-07-02
AIRPLANE MAIL HOURS.
Postmaster Patterns Schedule for
Those who Use the Swift Carriers.

Airplane mail will be received
daily except Sunday for Philadelphia
and Washington at the postal stations
in New York city up to ten minutes
before the hours of leaving:
The sun., 1918-07-02

IT is not only the readers OF Life
who will miss JOHN AMEs MITCHELL.
but all who have enjoyed the fruits
OF his imagination, He was fine old
American who kept step with artistic
progress without surrender of the
ideals OF youth.
The sun., 1918-07-02

London ONCE. 4O-43 Fleet street.
Paris Office. Rue de la Michodiere. on
Rue du Quatre Septembre.
Washington ONCE, Munsey Building.
Brooklyn office, Room 2O2, Eagle Build
ing, 3O3 Washington street.
The sun., 1918-07-02

~ our friends who favor US with mdnu.
scripts and illustrations TOR publication Dtsh
10 hare rejected articles returned they musf
In all cases send stamps for that purpose.
TELEPHONE. pEEKMAN goo.
The sun., 1918-07-02

THE EVENING SUN. Per Month. $3.50
THE EVENING sun, Per Year. 500
THE EVENING SUN (ForeIgn) Per Mo. 1.SO
All checks. money orders, &C., to be
made payable to THE SUN.
Published daily. including Sunday. by the
Sun Printing and Publishing Association AZ
100 Nassau St. Borough of Manhattan, N. \.
President, Frank A. Munsey, $50 Nassau ST;
ice-Prcsident. Erwin Wardman, Secretary,
r. II. Titherington; Treas, VIM. T. Dewart,
all of $50 Nassau Street.