davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-05-31
BUSY IN LORRAINE

On the eastern section Of the fro~t
the Americans have been busy. rcDuIs
ing German raid upon their lines
before l.uneNille. in which five Ger
mans were killed ana n few American
casualties sustained, and taking part
in the aerial fighting. \ number of
american machines have been render
ing suhstn"tial all to the French in
fautry engaged in the Woevrc section,
north of Poat a Mousson, the Yankee
flyers sweeping over the Cochran trrn
.hr- aud drruchiuG these with machine
yun bullets while thr American bat.
ferries have been pouring shells into the
Grrmun trruch", nlomg this 'front.'
\outh ut Teal tn" Am"ricau nirmCn
are t,in' over tn" Gc"nan lines "a
,rrh battle In one sprrtarulur fight
.u'lr nl.u'r ia" ,arN 90 Nu,"rr"nr
o>'a'"r shot down German advrrs-
AIRY. the fight akin place over ESsov.
r"l "Ith'n - Grruao lines. VI mn
other point. three NmrIiruus engaged
and drove back four GCru"u~. ~" nhh
m"uoplunes and two with hrplnr"s.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-05-31
TH|RTY-E|GHT NAMES
ON CASUALTY LIST

W \SHlNGTON, May 2s -- (Asso
rintrd Press The casualty list of III"
\mrrlrau army in France, as reported
today by General Pershing. contains
the names Of thirty.eight soldiers. OF
tins total fourteen were reported az
drud eighteen severely wounded aud
SIX missing OF the deaths, seven were
kIllrd in notion, one died Of wounds
ON" was drowned and five died of dis
ease
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-05-31
MAKINGOF SWIPES 4
. mo- VIOLATION OF
LAW, HUBER HOLDS
No Way To Prevent Every Man
Being His Own Brewer, Pro-
Vided He Doesn't Sell Product
SITUATION RENDERS
DRY HAWAII" A FARCE
Suggestion That Legislature En-
act Statute Comes Too Late
On Account OF Adjournment

Oahu has a presidential "dry'' order;
the Sheppard prohibition bill passed by
congress has been approved by the Pres
idpnt, and there are numerous federal,
territorial and county laws and rogula.
tions to check the sale. transportation
and use Of alcoholic liquor. but there
is no legal net to stop the manufacture
Of swipes-thP native brew and substi.
tute for all other Intoxicating drinks,
whom circumstances make the securing
Of gin, whiskcv, beer and wine impOssi-
BILE.
So long as swipes is made for horne
consumption Of the family and bona
fide guests. other than members of the
military forcc Of the United States
the native drink will be the last OF
which there win be shortage in Ha-
wall, for despite all the legislation TO
make this Territory "drv" there is
said not to be a single legal restriction
to Its manufacture.
No Law Applies
This became known H. the federal
territorial and county officials when il
, was aSrertained that there was no law
under which n Chinnmau. arrested bv
License inspector W II. Hutton, who
had two barrels Of the native drink
at his home could he prosecuted. There
was no evidence OF sale or transporta,
ton or the liquor, and so an appeal
was made to the internal revenue laws
to see II the manufacture OF the brew
was not illegal
As an investigation revealed, the
Chinaman had gone to the unnecessary
preeantion OF securing o license foI
the sale Of the swipes to protect him
rom what he presumed was the menace
of the internal revenue laws. However
II was learned that sWlprS came under
| the classification or n hrewed liquor
| which It Is not an otfenS" against the
internal revenue laws to make so long
az the brew ia NOT sold This also ap
hhes to the making OF wines. tPrment
ed liquor.
Under the internal revenue regula
lions it is only n violation of the law
to make q distilled liquor. Even the
possession Of q still constitutes an Of
Tense in this ease. bit such is not the
same as regards the making Of n fer
mpDted or hrpwed LIQUOR.
When District ATTORNEY s. G. Huber
was asked Yesterday If there was anv
law to prevent the ,mmanufacture OF
swipes, which is becoming once more O
custom. especially among the Hawai-
iRns. since Oahu went "dry," he re-
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-05-31
A GOOD RULE FOR THE HOME.

Make 1t rule of your home to al
Na's keep on baud II bottle of Cham
rIiuuu D, 'ohc aud DiarrhOea Remedy
n sat guard against bowel com
'Iain's. II always cures promptly aud
- h"u rh"'J il safe without it, For
sale 10y all dealers. Benson, Smith 4
Co., Ltd, agents for Hawaii.-Advt.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-05-31
MOST RAPID ADVANCE SCORED
YET ALONG WESTERN FRONT

in
attacks that mark the resumption OF the grand offensive, the Ger
made great progress yesterday the battlefront, that
r>trnd,ng scissors Rheims the Asnc Here despite
slaughter inflicted upon them, their advance
ncming numbers rapid the most rapid advance recorded
IN, Wver
dispatches while emphasizing the heavy being
icI upon the Germans, admit that the setback the
Miles all the ground desperate fighting along the
lhvn dies DANES last October being now lost again t" the Ger
\ is raging around Fisne which
, rlv NIic, this
TEN TO ONE ADVANTAGE
Nv~rs from Paris that the Crown Prince has
which enables him to throw into the attack for every
French and British have for the Defense with result that
I've Mics forced steadily back throughout yesterday, their
n last night having retired place for distance OF twelve
miles, '..' 81 ''"A' ".' " '' 49,
The Ned line. which had stretched in outward
Iinn, miles northeast of Soissons the north
lra"n" and thence curNinE south to Rheims bent
reverse curve" extending from point north OF 5raye southeast
through rmes and thence north of Rheims Into this front
General och is rushing his who arriving
Increasing numbers and the dispatches OF last night that these
commencing make their felt, the Ger
progress being materially checked
FLANKS HOLDING WELL
While the has been through weight
the dashed against the Allies
and Rheims are holding WE'LL the most desperate efforts to
these important Of being repeatedly
, ncd 4 price that NO arny than the Germans would ever be
IurcI pay by commanders From
OF the satisfaction OF the military
" n"a while the loss in territory is OF recognized import
casualties reported proportion to
u~ losses being dealt the power of the German
armies.
" sid one French military authority yesterday his summary of
Ike situation fairly representing what i, reported detail
NO SUPPLIES ABANDONED
Ihc rrrcmrnt rhc Allies has been orderly and Material
" been abandoned to the enemy Supplies which the speed
German advance made t" leave behind destroyed
vt along the A>nc the Allies any dis
organized but all points steady being
hr ground held until the last minute The battle has
been repetition OF the drive along the Sommc Valley the French
i British killing steadily while conserving their and
" INSTANCES sacrificing part {" their force for the sake of hold
4 particular
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-05-31
.SAMMIES WIN
BATTLE.
ON
A MILE FRONT
Capture Cantigny With Two
Hundred Prisoners and Inflict
Heavy Losses In Killed and
Wounded Upon Enemy
BRITISH PLEASED AT -.
BRISKNESS OF ATTACK
Americans Tore Into Huns To
Get Revenge For Attempted
Destruction of American Hos
pitfalls On Sunday

wv \>IIi\CTCN Nav %
w \.,,.;,.oI p-ossl TAI
inc H., ..r,r.;,o ,c.,or,T,v tbe
1,,.,r. =, ,;...I,. ..a,,Lol ,
hr;Iri,r ,;,tnr,. from, tbc lima.
engaging III their first battle alone
and nl1Lrnv their first offensive in
any force .\long a front of a
mile and 4 quarter they struck,
the scene uj tho ARRAY being near
NUntdidrrr
The american objective, saws
General pcr>hiug in his report,
was the Village ol CantiGny, into
which the >ammics swept, cap
turing the town and taking two
hundred prisoners. While the
fighting was fierce and the Ger
mans suffered heavy casualties,
the American losses were relative
| ~ small.
The americans consolidated
| their cam, and beat back two
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
U-BOAT CREW ADMITS
FAMILIES ARE IN u. S.
Sea Wolf Tint Snnk Schooner Edna
Manned by Men of New jersey
and Brooklyn.

MOBILE. ALA. June l3.-Most mem
bers of the crew of the U-boat which
sank the schooner Edna off the New
Jersey coast on May 25 formerly re-
sided in Jersey City and Brooklyn, and
their families now live in those places.
II was reported to-day by John Mat
thews. OF Jamaica, one of the Edna's
crew, who was Il prisoner on the Ger
man submarine for eight days
The Germans spoke excellent Eng
lish. and they told me OF having lived
in United States cities and OF their
families being there now" said Mat
thcws.
The U-boat crew ate but once a day,
and never removed their clothing. Mat
thcws declared. The submersible was
brought to the surface chiefly at night
lying hidden during the daytime. and
cruise lasted usually eight weeks
Matthews was informed
Bombs tho size OF a pound tomato
can and provided with time fuses were
used to sink vessels he said.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
TIME FOR PAYING EXCESS
TAXES ENDS SATURDAY
Nearly -Four Million Persons POST
pone Payment Until the
Last Day.
MANY MAKE PERSONAL CALLS
Iotai Amount Will Not Be known
for Weeks, and When Results Are
Completed, Plans Will BE Made
for Next Loan.
MANY MAKE PERSONAL CALLS

WASHINGTON, June l3-With two
days remaining in which to pay income
and excess profits taxes. revenue Of
Hcials to-day estimated that hundreds
Of millions of dollars are yet to reach
collectors. Scattered reports from col
lectors Indicated that large propor-
ton OF nearly 100000 persons and
business concerns subject TO the taxes
have postponed payments until the last
day or two. and collectors Offices will
be Hooded with checks and cash pay
ments between now and Saturday night.
Most persons apparently are paying by
check or tax certificates. Thousands.
however, are going to the Offices in per-
son and standing in long lines To make
their payments.
The exact amount of collections prob
ably VIII not be known for two weeks.
AS soon as they arc determined. the
Treasury will prepare for new issues OF
certificates Of indebtedness. put out in
anticipation OF fourth Liberty loans.
expected in October
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
PAN-GERMAN PEACE TERMS
Demands British NAVY he Reduced, and
Guarantees Must BE Given
Against Boycotts.

LONDON. June 13 (by British Wire
less Service).-IIcre are the latest pam
German peace terms as outlined by the
kreuz Seitung, one of the leading
Junkerist organs.
/. British navy must be reduced to
maritime police force.
2. Gibraltar, Singapore, Alden and
Malta must he ceded to an 'interna-
tional council"
3. Guarantees against economic boy
colts against Germany.
4. Guarantees of supply of raw ma
terials to Germany under most favored
nation terms.
3. All German colonies must be re-
stored.
In return for all this Germany would
be perDarcd, according to the KrcuH
IeitunE, TO retire from Belgium-pro-
Vided she may pocket the Congo State
The paper describes this ION the whole
quite modest program"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
GERMANS. FORCED
TO YIELD GROUND.
President Wilson's Letter to National Leader
Upholding Cause of Woman Suffrage

WASHINGTON, June I3.-PrcsI-
dent Wilson to-day took leadership
in n movement for worldwide
woman suffrage.
In striking response to n me-
mortal from the French Union for
Woman Suffrage. Endorsed by tho
suffrage organizations of Grcnt
britnin. 'ciSium, Italy md Portu-
gal, he went on record that equal
franchise rights for women shall
he definitely established among all
nations ms II principal achievement
In the winning OF permanent peace
HIS message. transmitted through
Mrs. Carrie Chapman Cnu, prcSi-
dent OF the International Woman
Suffrage Alliance, follows:
81 have read your message with
tho deepest interest, md ! welcome
the opportunity to sny that agree
without reservation thnt the full
and sincere democratic reconstruc-
tion of the world for which we are
striving, md which VIC are deter
mined 10 bring about mt my cost,
VIII not have been completely or
adequately attained until women arc
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14

admitted to the suffrage. nnd that
only by that action cnn tho nations
of the world rcniine for the benefit
of future generations the full ideal
force Of opinion, or the full humane
forces of action.
'.Thc services Of women during
this supreme crisIs of the worlds
history have been of the most sig
mi uncfulncsn md distinction. The
wnr could not hnve been fought
without them, or It's sacrifices en-
durcd. II is high time that some
pnrt Of our debt of gratitude tn
them should he acknowledged md
pnid, md the only acknowledgment
they nsk Is their admiration to the
suffrage. Cnn wc justly refuse Ht
"As for America, IT In my earnest
hope TINT the Senate of the United
states will give nm unmistnknbIe
answer to this question by pnnainE
tho sufrnEc amendment to our Fed
ernl Constitution before the end OF
this session.
"Cordfnlly and sincerely yours,
"wOoDROw WILSON"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14

Possibility OF Expedition Through
Archangcl Given Serious
Consideration.
SIBERIAN SCHEME DIFFICULT
Declared New Route Would Get Men
to Front in Shorter Time, and
Would Keep Army Near It's Source
of Supply.

WASHINGTON. June 13.-Possibility
through Archangel. on the Arctic
Ocean, was discussed to-day in impor-
tant allied quarters. Representations
of the United States State and War
Department have apparently convinced
the allied leaders who believe the east
ern front must be rc-established. that
the Siberian project involves insuper
able difficulties. Those who discussed
the Archangel plan to-day say it es-
capes all Of the political. geographical
and strategic objections raised against
the Nladivostok plan.
The final answer OF the United States
agains; the possibility of the Siberian
Intervention is reported to have been
the lack of ships. According to the
new plan that has been worked out
ships from the United States could be
diverted 10 the Archa gel route with
out an appreciable loss OF time over
that required for the voyage TO French
ports. According 10 those who favor
the plan. and they are persons OF high
Importance in the allied councils, it's
advantages are these:
/. From Archangel an expedition will
find Itself facing the German enemy
in about one-tenth OF the time 1t would
require TO come TO grips across Siberia.
.. 1t VIII be but one-twentieth as
far from its base OF supplies and from
its own country.
3. A beginning has already been made
by the British marines now along the
Mourmaask Railroad
4. II will not include Japanese troops
The last point is one that does not
arise from the allied consideration OF
the plan.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
FORD ACCEPTS HONOR
VIII tecomc Candidate for Mtch,-np
Senator nj Solicitation of
President.

WASHINGTON. June 13-Henry Ford
decided tonight to accent the Dero.
cratic nomination FOR Senator from
Michigan after being urged to do So
by President Wilson
MI Ford issued this statements:
AT President Wilson'S request 7
have decided to accept the nomination
for Senator from Michigan il rendered
TO me. Realizing that there are excan
uonai opportunities for service 10 on,
people during the present and coming
r"adjuStmert, | am ready and willing
TO do everything I POSSIBLY can to
assist our President. Every man must
expect to make great future sacrifices
and be prepared to serve wherever the
greatest need exists"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
PLAN MONEY FOR CREEL
Committee Considers P1nn to Awnrd 81,
O0S,u00 for Carrying On
Work.
Lhv AssocIatcl prcsa.l

WASHINGTON. June 13.--Editorial
articles written by him at Denver seven
years ago, which members of Congress
have attacked as socialistic and mimi
cal to American institutions, were re-
pudiated to-day by George Creel, chair
man of the committee on public infor-
nation. during the closing hours Of
two-day examination before House
appropriations subcommittee. Mem
bers OF the subcommittee are con-
sidering an estimate of s2.o9s,Oo0 for
the expenses OF the committee on pub
lie information during the coming year.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
SENATE REFUSES TO CURB
DEBATE DURING THE WAR
Senator Undcrwood's Measure Goes
Down to Defeat by Vote
Of II to 81.
HOW THE OFFICIALS VOTED
Several Democrats Considered as
Favoring Act Suddenly Join Oppo-
Sition at Last Moment and Vote
With Republican Majority.
low THE OFFICIALS VOTED
lNy A.sociatcd rress.l


WASHINGTON. June I3.-The Senate
to day refused TO curtail it's debate dur
ing the war. BY vote of Al to "a, n
rule proposed by Senator Underwo ood.
OF Alabama. TO limit Senator'S to one
hour and a half on bill or resolution
and twenty minutes on amendments. ex-
cept by unanimous consent was de-
featcd.
Although the resolutions supporters
had been confident of its adoption dur
ing the spirited debate of the last few
days. when the vote was taken late to-
day a dozen Democratic Senator'S un-
eNpectedly joined the majority of Re-
publicans opposing the rule. The vote
fellows:
Democrats for adoption-A shurst.
Bankhead, Beckham. Culberson. Hitch
cock, Johnson, of South Dakota; Kirby.
Lewis, Martin. Myers. Nugent. Owen.
pomerene. Randcll, Robinson. Sauls-
bury. Shafroth. Sheppard. Shields.
Smith. OF Arizona: Smith. OF Georgia:
Smith. of Mary and; Swanson. Thomas.
Thompson. Underwood, Nardaman and
wIncy-2S.
Republicans for adoption-Cummi ms,
Kenyon. Lenroot. McNary. Nelson and
Norris-6. Total for. 81
Democrats against - Chamberlain
Gerry. Guion. Kcndrick. King. Nickel
lar, Phelan. Reed Simmons. Smith. of
South Carolina; Tillman and Trammell
-12.
Republicans against-Baird. Borah.
Brandesee. Curtis Dillingham;. Fall.
France. Frclinghuysen, Gallinger,
Gronna, Hale. Harding, johnson. of Cal
ifornia: Kellogg, Knox. Lodge. Nc
Cumber, Mclean, New, Page Poin-
dexter, sherman, Smith, of Michigan;
Smoot. Sterling, sutherland Townsend
watson and Wceks-1?. Total against.
Al
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
Gen. ershing Adopts
Two French Orphans

PARIS, June 13.-i5uried nwny In
this weeks Issue OF the Stnrs and
stripes. the orEnn of the American
cxpcdItIonury force, there In n single
line revealing tint In the middle
of the worlds greatest battle. Gen
crni PcrshinE hHs found time to
adopt two French orphans.
Willie no details could be learned
Mt the headquarters of the pnbiica-
tion, II will he remembered TINT tho
American commander chief lost
his two little children, u boy md a
girl. In n frc not long nEo.
II is undcrstOOd General PerShinE
hrs adopted fyc-ycnr-nld girl nnd
her brother OF six, contributing I,UOu
frnncs annually TO their support. The
two little ones Will be brought up
I'm n French family. Their father
wns killed mt Ecrdun.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
SOCIETY WOMEN WORK
Don Rough Gnrn,cntS and Help IInryest
Wheat Crop in Ken
tnCkN.

LEXINGTON. KY. June 13.-Society
women from many sections of the State
and thousands OF city professional men
to-day went into the wheat fields TO
aid in harvesting Kcntucky's greatest
wheat crop. The women, clad in
boomers and regular farmers hats. en-
gagged in various sorts Of work side
by side with their husbands, fathers
and brothers. Hundreds OF others are
expected to join the movement to-
morrow
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
REPRESENTATIVE LEVER
WTHDRAWS FROM RACE
tc'i"h Follows Receipt OF Letter From
President Wilson Asking Him
to Kcmnin in House.
LRv Associatcd rrcssl

WASHINGTON. June l3.-Represen-
tatire Lever, of South Carolina. ba.
Withdrawn from the race for Senator
III south Carolina in response TO ~,
urgent request fom President Wilson
'that he remain in the House as chair
man OF the Committee on Agriculture
Inc President wrote Mr.. Lever that
as 1t seemed apparent that no one
would get the Democratic nomination
Tor the senatorial term who could not
be counted upon to loyalty support
the nation. he thought ii was the Con-
sre3smans duty 10 continue at the
post In which he has rendered valued
service.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
PRESIDENT APPROVES
"WORK-OR-FiGHT" RULE
Urges Other states Adopt Legislation
Similar to Maryland Com
pulsory Act
II:v Assocln.cd Press. ]

WASH INGTON, June l3-Presdcn;
Wilson has approved "a nationwide
compulsory work movement To supple
ment Provost t-Marshal-t;cneral Crow
dcr's work or fight" regulations. In
letter to Governor iiarring ton. of Mary
land. made public here tonight; the
President Endorsed adoption by other
states of the Maryland compulsory
work law, under which the work or
fght" principle is made applicable 10
all men between the ages of eighteen
and fifty.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
lRlSHMEN IN THE WAR
F"rty Thousand Work In Munitions
Plants and Twenty Thousanu
Are with ColOrx.

LONDON June i3.--Forty thousand
men nave left ireland since October.
?io, 10 do munitions work I'm England.
- W. Samucls. attorney general fo-
ireland. stated in the House of Com
mons to-day. Twenty thousand Irish
men have Joined the armed forces of
Great Britain in the same period, he
adlod
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
Won't Pres. Dry Amendments.

IKy Nss0ciated Press.1
WASHINGTON. June 13..--Becausa OF
President Wilson'S opposition. prohibit
tion leaders In the Senate are not to
press prohibition amendments to the
emergency agricultural appropriation
bill, 1t was learned upon reliable au-
thority late to-day.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
Pays Her Own E.,c,sc..

LONDON. June 13.--In answc: to Il
query In the House or Commons to-
day, Foreign Minister Balfour stated
that Mrs. Emelino Pankhurst. the snf-
rage Leader was permitted to travel
from Paris to .Americn 10 help allied
interests. Mrs Pankhurst was paying
her own expenses. tho Foreign Minis.
ter added.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
WASHINGTON NOT ADVISED
OF CAUSE OF ALARM
tEy Ass oc Ia tea Press.

WASHINGTON, June 13.-Nothing Is
known here of the reported transfer
Of war materials by Great Britain to
Chile. but 1t is thought that the re-
Peru has been caused possibly by some
of the activities Of the British war
mission now in Chile.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
Won sEYDLER RESIGNS
amsterdam Reports Declare RcSiEnn-
tion Was Filed With Emperor
0n Wednesday,.
LRy Associatod Prcss.l

LONDON. June IA dispatc. from
Amsterdam reports that DR.. Won Sey-
dler, the Austrian Premier, rendered
his resignation 10 Emperor Charles
on Wednesday. The dispatch adds that
the Emperor has not yet accepted it.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
PERU EXPRESSES ALARM
Country AEitnted by REASON of Alleged
Transaction Between Chile and
Great Britain.
| BY Associated Press. !

LIMA. PERU. June 13.--The Peruvian
House of Representatives has been
cited to remain in continuous session
The Ministers OF Foreign Affairs and
War explain il is because OF presen-
tation to Chile by Great Britain OF
certain materials of war. which has
caused some feeling OF alarm in IL
Peruvian capital and some evidencc
public concern.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
McAdoo nnck ON .Ioh.

WASHINGTON, June I3.-Instead Of
laying at White Sulphur Springs. w.
Va. 10 recuperate from his throat
trouble, Secretary McAdoo may make
trip through the West in the next
few weeks.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-14
BERLIN WAR OFFICE
REPORTS SITUATION UNCHANGED

BERLIN tvla London). Tune 13.--To.
nights War Once statement says: Sls
The position Is unchanged. There