davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
ANOTHER HUN THRUST
IS NOW LOOKED FOR
War Department Stratcgists rrc
pare Tor Drive II Effort for
Channel Ports Fails.
ENEMY HAS so FAR FAILED
More Powerful Attempt T. Expected
Because ~ nnrrCn Results
and Heavy Losses

NAslUNGTON Aprl "t An
other German thrust NJ thh an. Il
lines more powerful than those that
have gone before is looked for Cy
the war departments strltegists 4
tho present drive at the channel
ports fals The department
weekly review tonight SAYS the en-
cmN's enormous sacrifices have
been barren Of primary results but
adds,
looked at from broad stand.
point of the general military sttuh-
t'on I'm the west u can not. hoW
over. he held that the battle nov
raging in this snlient n the flnaI
ror even the most determined on
slaught of the enemy
There are indications that
should tho offensive here also fhil
tu lead to some definite result, the
enemy may undertake n further ana
even more powerful thrust
The review emphasizes the her'
mony OF action obtained through the
npnointment OF Gen, FQCh Az com
mander In chief OF tho allied armies
on the west II tells OF Increased
rctIvlty along the sectors held by
American troops, and dlscloses that
recently a number OF Americans who
had 6een captured and were belne
conducted through No Mans lana 10
the German lines turned upon Their
captOrs. escaped and made their
way back to their own trenches. No
details OF the Incident are gwen
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
SHOOT HIM." SAYS KANSAS
GOVERNOR or GERMAN SPIES
Disloysi Americans Are Not Wanted
In State, Capper Tells Mig
Patriotic GathcrtsG. q

!. .MARYsYIILE. Kan. Aprii sl.;.-
Governor Capper IN an address IL .
big patriotic rally here toniaht
served notice that diaioyel Afnsrf.
cans and slackers will be invited 10
move from Kansas. Speaking IN a
community with many German
American citizens, the governor asked
that any information OF pro German
ism or stacking the Liberty loan
drives he given TO MIN and prom
lfed that proper action would be
taken,
There ia only one thing TO do 10
the Hun spy who has been givins
aid and comfort TO the enemy" the
governor asserted. Shoot hlmI"
There must be nothing but un-
Yielding devotion to this great ma
tion from every citizen, whether our
Flag be his by birth or adoption.
Mr. Capper continued. we have
been too easy with those who spread d
sedition and disloyalty'
Governor Cappcr said that a
week ago he henrd Of a German In
Kansas supposed to be worth not
less than 500. 900, "all made In
Kansas" who refused TO buy Liberty
bonds ~ sent him word II he
couldn't help his government In a
time like this he had better move
out" the governor said. II got word
Saturday he had subscribed
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
HOPE TO REACH MINIMUM OF
LIBERTY LOAN DURING WEEK
workers Start Out to Make This
Banner Period In Number OF
New subscriptions.

WASHINGTON, April 2I-7Liberty
loan workers throughout the country
were inst<HCted tonight by the treas
ury TO redSGble their efforts TO make
this a banner week, and II possible TO
raise the total OF subscriptions from
ti.97I,OOO. 900 obtained in the first
half OF the period, to near the
$4,000, 900. 900 minimum goal.
Headquarters reports show, the
campaigners were told that only
about four million persons have sub
scribed so far. and this II only one
fifth OF the twenty million subScrib-
crs which n Is hoped TO enroll hp-
parently only one In every Is adults
has bought bonds. Liberty day Fri-
day. will provide one more high light
In the campaign. and hundreds Of
rades OF soldiers and bond subscrib-
communities are planning big pa
ers. or rallies with noted speakers.
TO celebrate the day.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
BAN ON IMPORTS TO
GIVE MORE TONNAGE
Board Enumcrates Many New Ar
tIc,cs That Can Not Re Brought
Across Waters

WASHINGTON April 2l.-Addi-
tions 10 the list OF restricted imports
announced today by the war trade
board are expected to release $4,000
deadweight tonslof shipping for war
Uses, making total Of l,6b7OOo
tons which will be available annua, 81
ly until the war is won Through
l.ssening demands for foreign goods
which the country can do without.
The largest single ttem on the list
OF savings Is quebracho wood. used
In tanning, the restriction or this be
ing estimated to save $4,000 tons.
The wood still can be brought in II
carried as deck load or in vessels un ID.
TT for essential imports, this excep-
ton being made 80 as to upset do
mestic industry as little az possible.
Hearings were held on suggestions
TO restrict many OF the comm oditles
no that business men might say ex-
actly what effect the restrictions
would have on Industries. Inclusion
OF many commodities In the restrict
cd list does not mean that any ap-
preciable shortage will result, AZ the
effort has been to include those OF
which there is an ample supply on
hand. which canN he produced at
home. or obtained overland from ad
Jacent countries a
The new restricd ns, effective
May 10. does not permit thc importa
ton of goods originating In other
countris-. but coming through desig-
mated Countries where the restrin-
lions are not applicable.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22

IOSDON. Arm 2l First Lieut.
Gilbert Clements son Of the
French minister ,, commerce and
iransportuilon. vHo has been at
tarhrd ~ q divialUr. 81 the American
yrmy now ir the tre' cheg paid ID
rIbute Of adu.lrat 20 The Amrri.
AN troops I'm lett,r written 90 Paul
ID Cra.ul of ~ York and re.
GENTLY received her writing of the
conduct nj tho A. ericln troops In
Irtion. he declared
As a nearby spectator, ! can say
vat am ahsU utely Hstnni~hed
These Americans - wonderful sol
Giers. with their determination. their
dash. and their vig,r. n VIII not take
long for them to 4 ONE most nc
aOmplished army Truly these are
brave ueul A. orc mOmrnt In the
action | wanted TO embrace them, so
great was my admiration
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
THOMAS ADMITS HIS VIEWS
NOT GENERALLY ACCEPTED
Issues Statement Saying He Ia Not
Guilty Of Charge ss Generally
Understood.

CHICAGO. April Professor
w. l. Thomas, recently dismissed
from the University OF Chicago. after
being arrested at a hotter where he
had registered with Mrs. n. NJ
Granger, wife of an army officer
now serving in France. today issued
a statement
Professor Thomas said that Mrs
Granger had literary ambitions and
that she came to Chicago in the
had remarkable history. She was
had remarkable history. She was
TO have met the professor with the
girl to discuss the case at the time
OF their arrest, but she had been un-
able to find the girl and had come
alone. The statement adds.
am therefore not guilty of the
charge as II Is understood, but.
am ssilty OF the whole general
charge. In the sense that I hold
views and am capable of practices
not approved by our social tradi-
tons"
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
armed Mexican Troops
Cross Border and Steal
Horses Off White Ranch

Ell PASo. Texas. April Ell
Armed MeSlcans crossed the border
IN the Big Bend district today and
drove off a number of horses and
cows from the White ranch. accord
Ing TO Information received here
from state officers Mt Marfa. Texas
The Mexicans were said 20 belong
10 Colonel Martinez Rulz's federal
command, which has been marching
along the Mexican side of the sor-
ger for the last week. Representa- %
lions Will be made TO the Mexican
government agd notice served that
this practice must cease or retaiia
tory measures will be applied the
message stated. The Mexican troops
are without food and are desperate.
according to reports from Big Bend.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
COmrndcshlp shown.

TORONTO. ont, April al
cannot begin 20 tell you how great II
he sense Of Co..rndeship toward
Americp writes tho Rev. John Me
Neiil Of this city. f'1m the headquar-
t.rs OF the Canadian Young Men's
. nristiun association In France. only
those who are out here can begin 20
measure the tremc~d dous uplifting Of
bgart that their coming has brought
President Wilson has stepped TO the
forefront and n h' holds his course
undoubtedly will stand beAde Lin
.,lln and Washlnrty1 IN his country p
3ffectiCn No ON" has stated our
enuse M more lucid terms There Is
,omcth.ug awe sriring 10 mo In
, fe spectacle of that great people 10
,dverst "a war 10y instinct and tradi
ton. stripping thcL selves for this
conflict With suc' complete conse .
ration and courage
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
UNITED STATES GETS
66 JAPANESE SHIPS
Steamers Aggr's1tng aiI.OOn Tons
To he Turned over for
Jsc In War.
MORRIS MAKES AGREEMENT
American AmbaS Sndor Completes
Arrangements for Transfers
cf To start In April

~ The Associated rrcn
TOXIC. Monday. April o. Nego-
tiatlous which have been In progress
FOR some time between Roland r.
Morris, the American ambassa a or
10 Japan, and the japanese govern
and shipbuildcrs have been COM
pleted SiNty-siN steamers, aggre-
eating 5li0o0 tons deyi~cight, will
be turned over to the United States
for use In the war,
Both the government officials and
the shipbuilders manifested a spirit
OF cooperation thruOut the pour
parlers
Deliveries OF the vessels will begin
in April OF this Yea and will con
tinue until June, 1919 The ships
have hcen placed In three cateEories
as follows
First: Twenty -four ships l5O.-
coo tons will 6e chartered thru the
government to the United Stateo
shipping board for period OF six
month"; Deliveries viii be made
In April and May Tn" difference
between the lnter-allied charter rates
and the rates paid By America ---
about 5000 900 yen-wiIl be paid
By the Japanese governments
Second: Fifteen ships aggregat-
ing l 10000 tons. new or partly built.
for which the United states VIII re-
lease one ton OF steel for one ton OF
shipping. The United States viii
buy tho ships at a price which VIII
vary according Is delivery which has
been fixed at May or December.
Third, Twtnty-seven ships, OF
$4,000 tons, 10 be built In Japan
between January and June OF
ncxt YEAR. The United Stntss Is TO
buy the ships paying tlib a ton and
releasing one ton OF steel for two
tons Of shipping. he new vessels
will average eight thousand tons
apiece
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
ANTI.B0LSHEvlkl GENERAL
ACTIVE NEAR vLADIv0ST0k
., The Associated pre-"

~ The Associated Pres,
MOSCOW, Sunday. April ~. THE
activities In Manchuria OF General
semenoff, the anti Bolsheviki lead.
er. are being linked by the Soviet
press with the japanese landing at
Viadivostok The operations OF the
general are dancunc"d NV the news.
papers as part OF a Japanese plan 10
invade siberia with the heap ut
China and the connivanoe OF the en-
tente allies, who are alleged to be
supporting at Peking and Harbin the
schemes Of Prince Lvoff. n former
Russian premier. and other refugees,
who. Il is alleged, are seeking TO
establish an independent government
and TO upset the Soviet power.
Reports that General Semenoffs
forces are operating In eastern Man.
churia. neE- Nladlvostok as well as
In the western region Of that pro
vince. arc creating the greatest un-
easlness among Soviet officials at
Moscow. who are cooperating with
the Irkutsk Soviet against the raid
era
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
BRITISH RANGE SHOTS SEND
HUN WARSHIPS TO COVER
IlRht Forces ClBsh East of Hclgo-
land at Long Range, English
Admiralty Announces.

LONDON, April al British and
German light forces Clashed Satur-
day In the waters east Of the Jgsrat
German fortress HelKoland The
British admiralty announced today-
After the exchange OF few shots
al long range the German warshlps
took refuge behind their mine fields.
The admiralty announcement says:
British light forces operating IN
HelEoland bright saturday obtained
touch with enemy light forces. who
retired, behind the mine fields 4
few shots were exchanged ~ an
extreme range one enemy des-
troyer vps observed TO be hit Al
our ships returned without oRsu
altieS" y
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
Count Won Hertiing
Welcomes Austrian
Aid on West Front

AMSTERDAM, April 2l Count
Non Hertllng the German imperial
'Chauccllur, has Hcnt "a telegram 10
haron Nurhu. tho new Austro-
Hungarian foreign minister. wei
coming tho participation OF Aus
trlan artillery on the western
front The message says.
Not Tar from the headquarters
Of tho nil highest. gigantic battle
~ being vlctoriously fought which
our enemies wiltuly provoked.
mihjugding our unConquerable
strength and sighting our readi.
ness FOR peace.
with pleasure. welcome par
tuipation OF Austro Hungarian
artillery II Ia a lresh and visible
sign of tho ftrmncss of the alliance
between the two allied and battle
tried empires
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
Using Cattle Cars
To Garry Streams
of Wounded Huns

AMSTERDAM Apru "a Tho
streams of Wuundrd Germans
from France ana Flanders says
the frontier correspondent " the
Iclegraat continue no great that
All the hospitals monasteries
.ohNeniS and schools. not only In
brussels. hut ~ many towns south
OF the Belgian capital. are filled to
oEertlowing The Germans have.
even r"qulTtioned private houses
Tor hospitals
forN ambulance trains entered
lhe North station al Brussels daily
last week Many OF them were
made up Of cattle cars I'm which
there were lutcrs Of straw for the
wounded men
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
German Tbcf,s Increase.

AMSTERDAM, April 2l.--A state
mtnt IN thk-rtussIan diet by the
minister OF railways shows that
thefts from freight trains In Prussia
est year aggregated total Of more
than til00O.O00 In the last pre-
war year the thcfts Of ;he same
character were Ices than "a million
dollars The min'ster declares that
although 1000 r..lwhy employees
10 be no way - stopping this car
we're punished f1r tnef. there seems
nival OK robbery" hich he h com
Iclled to regard AZ q wartime evil.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
KORNlLOFF REVIEWS FIGHT
WITH FORCES OF S0VlETS
Severe Fighting Between Wh''e ana
Red Guards Assumed Also
Prtrograd Says.

PETROGRAD, Tuesday. April 10
UostIiities have been renewed be
tween the troops Of General korhi-
loft and those OF the SoViets hos'
tof-on Don IN In the hands OF me an
archists Al Kherson nftel the Ger
mans left. massacres or oticers anu
bourgeois by soldiers occurred NJ
Germans have since re'occupieu inc
town.
criminals AZ Noyo-TcherkAsk who
hegsn 20 indulge I'm eNCesses we're
dIspersad hy machine guns.
The turkish cruiser Handles and
tyyn torpedo boats are reported to
have arrived ~ Odessa
There vas severe fighting between
the white guards aud red guards
Yesterday north OF NiborG
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
DeatFLs Payment for
Ride of Three Youths

ATHENS, Tenn, April 2l.-Five
youns men are believed 10 have lost
their lives In wreck on the South
Urn railroad a mile south OF Athens
To-Day Three bodies have been re-
covered and two ~others are still in
the wreckage, according TO the state
hent OF one OF the victims before he
eApired. The victims, who were
peauhs their way, had decided to
,eave the train at Athens and as the
high speed prevented them from
the airbrakes tube. A crash i'm
inedlately followed, sections OF the
.raln leaving the track and ten cars
oeing completely dem olished
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
PHlLP0TT IS NO STACKER
Writes The World that He Has Been
In Service for Eight Months.

In the publication by the local
exemption board OF the list OF those
who failed to file their question
nalrss, was the name of Paul V.
hilpott, who now writes The World
Worth. n member OF Company -.
1t2nd infantry He wants the i'm
preston that he IL Stacker cor
fected. and in support OF his claim
that he has not failed his country,
he says he has been In tho service
as volunteer for eight months.
He IL one OF others who. II Is be-
geved, have enlisted and for that
reason have not sent In their ques-
tionnalree
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
German Held on Charge
OF Giving Information

NEW YORK, April 2l.-On In.
structlons from the department OF
Justice in Washington, two Germaps
suspected OF furnishing Germany
Win information relative TO the de
narture Of American troop trans
norts for France. were arrested to-
day by Federal Marshal Powers ot
Brooklyn.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
Anarchism in MoscOw
Overcome by SoUfets

MOSCOW. April - ~ sunday --
soyI.t troops have effectively
stamped out the anarchist organiza b.
ton in Moscow It's members have
dsparted and the city II now quiet
Arntored cars are patrolling some
streets and guards have been sta
TONED about the demolished palaces
and the former quarters Of the an b.
archlsts
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
Bishop of London Is In
FaUOr of COnscripfiOn

LONDON. April 2l--The bishop
OF London today publicly announced
himself "a conscriptionist and said
calling up notifications would be
sent 10 ali the ealerRy In the London
diocese under the new act, the prin-
cipal to he observed being that one
priest should be left for each parish.
He appealed to the church TO rally
TO the national cause without regard
TO the exemption accorded the clergy
and added that he believed other
bishops would adopI.ihe same line.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
Suggests Meafiess Week
EUery Month in France

PARIS. April 81 Victor Boret
the French minister OF provisions
wishes 10 economic on meat by in
stitutinR a meatless week once a
month. For those seven days he
suggests that horse flesh be eaten.
The latest statistics show thai
seventy thousand horses we're killed
for eating purposes In France las,
year. Two thousand donkeys and
mules and threc hundred horseH
averaging five hundred pounds IN
weight. are being killed daily AZ the
present time. This supply Is abund-
ant.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
Made Own Arrest

Minus shoes. socks. shirt and hat
tho proprietor of the Square Deal
restaurant on Main chased q couple
~ boys last night ~ II o'clock into
the pulicrostation The names OF the
bows were not learned. n was
thought the boys were attsTn pring to
break into the restaurant Tho boys
are IN fail
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
Huns Willing to GiUe
Restricted Safe Conduct

BERNE, Switzerland. April III
Germanys says q emi-officlal note
published hste today. now IL dis
posed to grant under certain condl-
tions safe conduct 10 ships carrying
american goods. especially grain for
swtrerland, to harbors outside the
oioeksde zone The negotiations be
tween switzerland and Germany stiIl
are going on.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
Earthquake Shakes Southern
California; Towns Destroyed
The Weather

TULSA. April 81
Maximum So, mini
mum as; souihws'
winds and eieAI
skies
oKLAH o N 4
AND WEST TEXAS
Monday and Tuesday
fair, mOderste TEN
pc:s,urs.
LOUISIANA, AR
KANSAS - MONDAY
fair, warmer Tues.
day fair
EA ST TEXAS
N o ondsy generally
fair, warmer; Tues
dsy generally fair.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
Pope Persuddes Germans
To Take No More Bells

AMSTERDAM April n a dis
patch to the Maasbone from Cologne
says II ~ learned there that as a re
suit or mediation by the pope, Emp
eror william has ordered that no
more Belgian church bells shall be
seized
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
hecortied In Ksns.sNAs

Tho ,r " NENcE. Kan. Aprn II
rsco,S1st t.1st violent earthouak. a.,
Kanss on the seismorranb a.,
fssso.a university. aecordins r. ~
.hours had been going on twa
hat -, ~ 10 O'Clock tonieh, and
Al ,ne IN. still was uncompis,ss
rosr Anta Monica, a seaside -
iir,,siere. crowd was on ~. -,
and a., pier which swayed perIlom.I,,
nsrh.It me rush to escape Fysns
Los a.. retired manufacture y,
snHNinseles' was thrown down .nd
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
Kuehimann's Resignation
Is Confidently Expected

AMSTERDAM. Apru - -- The
Hpcrsru Zritung OF Berlin main
taius that the resignation ~ Or
Richard Kuehlmann, SECRETARY for
foreign affairs. may be expected not q
wIthstdndinE az contradictions n
mentions AZ his probable successor
Dr Kari Helfferich or Admiral Paul
Won Hintzc, German minister 10 Nor
way
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-22
Important Military Matters Win
Come BEFORE Congress: HAD Been
Awaiting Return Of nakcr.
CHANGE IN QUOTAS PENDING
Possible That Number to Bc Drawn
WIN he Determined by Number
In Glass one.
DRASTIC SEOITlON BILL UP
DlSIo,al Acts and tucrnnCCs Ia hc-
ccl,c Attention; Hearings to he
Resumed ON ChRmbcrmin}Bi Biii

WASHINGTON, April - .i,lt-
tary matters come to tho fore this
week In congress. Final action ON
important legislation extending the
adjective dsaft act Is cNpe tell while
new army measures which have
awaited the return Of Secretary iak'
er from Europe. are to be launched
Further expansion OF the army
developments OF war production pro
grams and Appropriation questions
are among subjects upon which MI
Baker IL expected 10 submit recon
mendations to the senate ana mouse
military committees The latter has
arranged To have the secretary ap-
pear Tuesday and the committee
plans TO hear him later In the week
There have been intimstions In some
quarters that President Wilson, In q
special address to congress. migh'
present recommendations for futur'
military legislation.
Change Draft Quotas.
One OF the pending army peas
ures the bill changing drau quoths
from state populations to the NUM-
ber of men In class | will he sent 20
conference tomorrow by the senate,
particularly for consideration and
probable, revision of the house
amendment providing for credits on
state quotas for volunteers ALREADY
In service The house probably VIII
pass tho senate bill extending the
draft law TO youths reaching II
years since June o, 1917.
Legislation to curb spies and dis
loyalists also will receive much at
tention during tho week Senate
end house conferees begin work to-
morrow on the sedltion bill, with It's
drastic penalties for disloyal acts or
Wtterances. while the senate military
committee will resums hearings on
Senator Chamberlain'E bill TO trans
fer Jurisdiction from civil courts TO
military tribunals OF many acts OF
espionage and sedition. The com.
mittee plans to report the bill ia
Vorably very soon. but strong oppo-
sitlon has developed
Appropriation Passed.
The bill sppropriatins sec, 900 ,o0e
to provide hoseinG aocomnod ada lions
for war workers will be called up
tomorrow in the senate for \ vote
and with passage regarded as as
Aured
With the exception OF pressing
miscellaneous matters, including n
final vote on i2.60 wheat, rejected
by the house, the senate will devote
itself 10 the Overman bill. proposing
general powers for the president 20
reoraanize government bureaus.
Senator sherman OF Illinois. Repub-
licsn, viii speak against the measure
tomorrow. Wednesday. in the hope
Of Fastening action, debate will be
limited by agreement
Measures TO furnish money for the
war program are being presented In
both bodies OF congress.