davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1918-01-25
70 dee from Paris and died practiealIy

to dee from Paris and died practically
penniless In a foreign city.
At the same time a similar project
was coming to It's end la England. Tha
South Sen company. formed for the pur.
pose ~ trading IN the South Seas, end.
cd With a crash when most OF the d.
rectors sold out when the value Of their
shares bad been stimulated 70 reach
1000.
These early attempts ~ large scale
business organization ushered 10 the
modern type Of corporation. A brief
sketch 81 how our present complex
business organization evolved should
be interesting 20 the readers ~ this
series Tor the greater proportion of
bpnkiDg 6 inseparably linked With
business. Many 81 the Investment
bonds on lhe market today are obli.
CATIONS ~ corporations.
The corporation. Ia liz essential prin.
ciples. has been traced back az far as
ancient Babylon. II grew out OF the
activities ~ families 10 commercial
ventures. a family Of fishermen would
be az one "a the ownership OF boats.
equipment and Ia their operation.
Their trust 10 one another led natural.
" 10 the recognition Of each member
as nn agent u the flIn, whose acts
bound the others, and 20 the unlimited
liability OF each for payment OF obli.
gntions features Of the partnership.
The corporation came into existence
AS an Improvement over the partner.
ship IN handling large projects and In
limiting the liability of members. II
IS asserted by Blackstone thar the cor.
poratlon as we see II today descended
directly from the practice OF Roman
business men. The Roman corpora
tions were known as colleges" They
enabled arlstOcratle Romans to engage
III vulgar trade secretly.
In medieval times the corporation
form ~ organization was used chiefly
with municipalities and ecclesiastical
bodies, Guilds and municipalities were
often chartered by the crown because
they could exercise the power which
the king himself was unable to WELD,
The American trust" In not strictly
American. The Idea OF trusts origi-
mated Ia the middle ages through the
desire OF the church TO get around the
statutes Of ''mortmnin.n These laws
were not favorable to those who had
estates willed 70 them In perpetulty.
The scheme adopted was to have prop.
erty decided TO third party who would
administer II Tor the benefit Of the
church. This is similar 10 the modern
trust organization, where stock of va
rious corporations is held In trust By
a holding company. Probably the pop
nlnr idea that trusts are Illegal origi-
mated in this FIRST evasion OF the law.
The trade union has apparently al.
ways existed The Romans had them.
la medieval times they were called
guilds and crafts. Journeymen often
formed associations for protection. The
purpose they gave was religious wor-
ship. but that was only cover for
what We would now call trade unions.
They conducted strikes and obtained
Increases In wages.
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1918-01-25
SCIENTISTS AIDING IN WAR
Which They Are Materially AS
sisting the Government.

Secretary of the Interior Lane In his
recent annual report, portrays the
transition of a peaceful democracy
into nation organized for war. Pos
session of resources alone, he warns
the country, does not win wars, and
recounting the enormous progress
made on every hand, declares the phys
zeal resources of the United States are
almost completely at the command of
the worlds needs.
"'What can you do to serve meTH
quotes the secretary, replying: 1.-THE
answer of this department is that IL
has put every agency and activity
which it has at the service of those
departments more directly concerned
with war-making.
"Our men of scientific knowledge
metallurglsts, chemists engineers,
typographers-have found new work
at their hands.
"The patent Office has been searched
for new devices that could be brought
into use to kill the submarine or limit
its destructiveness, for the plans of
heretofore unused lethal weapons and
for the formulate of improved or I'M
known sources of power.
"The scientific bureau of the gov
eminent found themselves converted
overnight into adjuncts and auxil-
iaries in the great international con-
test. Men who had regarded them
selves as modestly useful only in the
discovering and revealing of new
sources of material strength found
that their years of experience in the
mountains and on the desert, in lab
oratories and in mines, called them at
once into the thick of the European
struggle"
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1918-01-25
Genrnn Raneroft.

George Bancroft was author OF a
volumlnors and detailed history OF the
United States lie was a public man
rs well as an author aud occupied
many positions Of honor and trust in
the public service OF his country. He
was collector u customs OF the port
az Boston from 1898 10 1871. and sec
rotary Of the navy In the cabinet OF
President Polk. While holding that
important Office he established the
United States Naval Academy at An
napolls. Maryland. at which practically
all the naval officers Of the United
States ARE trained, He served us
United States minister To Great Brit-
ain. Prussia aud other Germanlc states.
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1918-01-25
Realization.

"Some of YOU people don't seem to
realize We are in war"
"0h, yes, we do" replied Farmer
Corntossel. 1--WE don't keep talking
about it, for the reason that we've
done about all conversation can accom-
push, and we're saving our breath and
strength for regular work"
The Meridian times. (Meridian, Idaho) 1909-1938, 1918-01-25
Enulahle.

"Buggins says he'd like to be able to
join the army"
That's no great unselfishness en- his
part" answered Mr.. Growcher.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
EAST SIDE MOURNS
FOR DR.. PAUL MPLAN


NEW YORK Jan Thousands
OF persons attended the funeral on
the Lower East Side today of DR..
Paul Keplan, widely known for his
activity in the movement which re,
suited in the overthrow OF Emperor
Nicholas in Russia. He was seere.
tary in America OF the Russian So.
cialist revolutionists and one of the
principal organizers of the Friends
of Russian Freedom.
DR.. Kaplan. who was 70 years
old. was known as the Good Sama.
ritan doctor of the East Side. "
He died Saturday of pneumonia con.
tracted while administering to poor
family who we're without heat during
the recent zero weather. Scores of
East Side stores closed during the
funeral services today.
DIR. Kaplan was born In Russia and
his first home in the United States
was In Oregon. where he established
the first Jewish communistle colony,
known as New Odessa Later he
went to German, where he studied
medicine.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
CHICAGO
IN GRIP
Of GALE
6o-MtLE BLIZZARD, WORST IN
HISTORY, DEMoRALlZES
TRAFFIC.
,.,y associated Preas.1

CHICAGO, Jan 7--Chicago is
wrestling with snow drifts today
piled high by 60-mile gale during
the worst blizzard in history II is
predicted days will elapse before the
streets are in normal condition
South Water street is one OF the
most congested thoroughfares and is
practically deserted Delay In haul
ing fuel to factories is only one of
the serious aspects of the situation.
Two deaths have been reported,
Many were injured in collisions.
A meeting of pacifists to discuss
terms of peace was abandoned be-
cause only one delegate braved the
storm
No milk trains arrived today. The
railroads promised deliveries as soon
as possible.
Paths were made by street cars.
ewing to the snow drifts.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07


LONDON, Jan. THE Bolshevikl
are definitely strengthening the
front, according to the Petrograd
correspondent of the London Daily
News.
He says that NJ Radek, one of the
Russian peace delegates. announced
that the Bolsheviki intended to send
home all who didn't wish to fight,
so that they will have an army
willing to fight for an ideal.
Radek said the Russian strength
lies in its weakness. If we ac-
cepted help from the allies he de-
clared, the significance of our posi-.
tion would be destroyed. The Ger.
mans can drive Us back, but what
good will 1t do them? The country
behind the front is stripped 80 bare
there is not enough to feed single
horse. The Germans win not wish
to have millions of starving people on
their hands.
we stand for a democratic peace
and so do the German workers. II
Germany attacks US 1t will display
itself to its own people in its true
light"
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
SOLDIERS SMASH PRESS
0FRAD|CAL NEWSPAPER
tBy Associated Press,

tBy Associated Press1
SEATTLE, Wash, Jan. THE II,
c. Piggott Printing company, job
printers, offered reward today of
$500 for the apprehension OF the two
civilians and twenty bluejackets who
Saturday night raided and wrecked
its shop, doing damage estimated at
$4,000.
Several linotype machines and two
presses we're badly smashed and
much type and office furniture de-
stroyed.
The printing company has been do.
Ing the mechanical work for the
Daily Call. a radical Socialist news.
paper. and the Industrial Worker. an
!. w. W. publication. 1t was thought
the raid was made in the belief that
the papers owned the machinery de
stroyed.
II has been learned that the only
revolver displayed by the raiders was
held by enc Of the two civilians. who
apparently led and directed the squad
Of blueiaekets Seven or eight EN-
ployes Of the printing company were
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
Sc rious Food
Shortages IN
France, Italy
ENGLAND FACES WORST coNoI
TioN SINCE START OF
THE WAR.


WASHINGTON, Jan. 1.-THE fooc
situation in the allied countries oi
Europe is grayer than it has been
at any time since the beginning oi
the war and is giving American gov
ernment officials deep concern OF
ficial reports picture extreme food
shortages in England, France and
Italy.
The fact that conditions in Ger
many and Austria are far worse offers
the only grounds for optimism in
viewing the situation.
In England and France the situa.
tion is described as critical In a
cablegram to the food administra.
ton from Lord Rhondda, the British
food controller, which concludes with
these words
Z view the situation with grave
anxiety
cablegram from the French gov
ernment says that the wheat crop has
been requisitioned and that the bread
ration will be cut to allow only
seven ounces of bread daily to all
persons except the very poor and
those doing hard manual labor In
Italy conditions are not as good.
perhaps as either in England or
France.
Immediately with meats. the first
to be put under control,
other commodities will be named.
Distribution of butter and margarine
will be taken in hand next and 9TH
ar foods will be added as they be-
come searcer. All of the principal
win be rationed by April.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07

A|SNE LINE
PIERCED
BY HUNS
BERLIN CLAIMS CAPTURE OF
PRISONERS AND SOME
ARTILLERY.

BERLIN, Jan. 7.-(via London) =,
German troops Saturday penetrated
the French lines near Juvincourt, on
the Aisine front, and northeast Of
Avoeourt and west of Hezenvaux. on
the Verdun front, and captured mum
erous prisoners and some machine
guns, the German war office has
announced. In ALLY wood, in the St
Mihiel salient. the Freach made two
attempts to penetrate the German
trenches without success In the
Champagne French attacks were re.
pulsed after hand-to-hand fighting.
Fifteen entente airplanes and four
captive balloons were shot down on
Friday and Saturday by the Germans
as the result of aerial fighting and
antl-aircraft fire.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
ACT IS
CONSTITUTIONAL
THE SUPREME COURT DECIDES
UNANIMOUSLY THAT GOVERN.
MENT. HAS POWER.
~ Associated Press.I

WASHINGTON. Jan THE su
preme court today held the draft act
to be constitutional The decision
was unanimous and sustained the
governments contention that the
power given congress to declare wal
included the power to compel citi
cents to render military service at
home and abroad.
The decision was based on the
appeal of thirteen who attacked the
eonstitutionality OF the law.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
R. R. HEADS
ARE ASKED
FOR DATA
SENATOR SMITH OF SOUTH CARO-.
LIMA SUCCEEDS NEWLANps IN
RAIL LEGISLATION.

WASHINGTON, Jan Interstate
Commerce Commissioner Daniels to-
day requested that all railroad pres
idents telegraph Immediately the
amount of capital required for this
year az the first step toward the
government assisting railroads
financially,
Senator Smith OF South Carolina
was placed in charge of the admin
istration of railroad Legislation in
the senate when he was named to
succeed the late Senator Newlands
chairman Of the interstate commerce
commission Committees of both
houses began the consideration of
legislation today
The railroad administration decided
that the municipal bridge between
ST. Louis and East st. Louis can be
taken over By the government. be.
cause It has railway tracks. Com.
pensation win be decided later
Daniels asked the presidents TO
detail the precise purposes for which
funds will be needed to meet matur-
Ing securities moi already provided
for or to pay for improvements bet
terments and construction work al
ready contracted for or partially fin
ished. He requested them to show
what improvements can be stopped
without detriment.
McAdoo designated next week as
freight clearance week" in cam
paign over the entire country to in
duce shippers and consignees to un-
load freight quickly to relieve rail.
road congestion. Governors and rail.
road commissions Of all states are
urged to assist.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
z u. S. A|RMEN
KILLED IN FALL
tHy Associated Press.D
WASHINGTON, Jan 7.-General
Pershing today reported the deaths
of two Americans In an airplane ac.
cident.

tTiy Associated Pressl
WITH THE AMERICAN ARMY IN
FRANCE, Jan 7.--Officials picked
out site Saturday and established
another corps of the aviation school,
which will be placed in charge of a
major who has gained experience
In turning out fllers at other schools.
A recently graduated flying class
will be sent toward the front this
week for actual front line expert.
ence, using their own machines, but
accompanying experienced Britain
and French aviators. The Amer.
leans are looking forward to the
event with the greatest eagerness.
Many wagers are being made as to
who will be the first to cross the
German lines. who will bring down
the first enemy airplane and who will
get the first photograph OF a Ger.
man battery.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
TROLLEY WIRE STOLEN
BYsAGILE M|sCREANT
my Associated Preaa.,


OMAHA, Neb., Jan Fort Crook
was cut off from communication
with Omaha forshalf day yesterday
while repair men of the street rail-
way replaced half mile of trolley
wire which thieves stole some time
during the night.
The wire was twenty feet above
the ground and the thieves we're
forced to climb many poles to get to
it.
The electric line between Omaha
and the fort closes at midnight and
the electric current is cut off from
that portion of the street railway
system. Between the time the cur
rent was cut off for the night and
daylight the thieves stole the heavy
copper trolley wire No cars could
be operated to the post until the
line was repaired The stolen wire
is valued at several hundred dol ars.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
FARE FOR MERCHANT SAILORS
tBy Associated Pre.sD

BOSTON, Jan. THE demand for
officers in the new merchant marine
has prompted the United States ship
ping board to announce that gradu-
ates OF the government free naviga-
tion or marine engineering schools
viii receive transportation and al
lowance for sustenance when or
dered to transfer Tor duty. Naviga-
tion schools have been opened by the
government at twenty points and
hereafter graduate of the San
Francisco school accepting a berth
on a steamer in New York will travel
at the governments expense.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
RUSSIANS STRENGTHEN L|NE
PERSHING ISSUES LIST
OF SOLDIERS DEATHS
Thy Associated Press,

tBy Associated PressI
WASHINGTON, Jan. General
Pershing has reported the following
deaths:
Corporal Fred M. CRUDE, ambulance
corps; pneumonia; Minneapolis,
Mimi.
Private Walter HaIfhilI, infantry;
Alton, Ohio; no cause given.
Private Howard Finch, motor truck
company meningitis; Terrington,
Wyo.
Private Michael Mcnamara, am.
bulance corps; meningitis; 11O2 N.
Florence street, I'll Paso, Tex.
Private Albert Harvey, stevedore;
result of explosion; Helena, Ark.
Private Herman A. Rose; pneu-
monia Odebolt, Iowa.
Private Michael ]. cadigan. field
artillery; meningitis; Beverly Falls,
Mass.
Everett R. Kenny, field artillery:
meningitis; Lawrence, Mass.
Private Fred Boyle, infantry; pneu.
monia; Circleville, Ohio.
Private Henry Chapman, infantry;
undetermined; Dorchester, Mass.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
OIL LEASE BILL UP
BEFORE THE SENATE


tBy Associated Pressl
WASHINGTON, Jan 1.-THE SEN
ate today considered a number of
amendment to the coal and oil land
leasing bill under an agreement for
a vote before night Key Pittman
OF Nevada said the real independents
favored the bill, and the Royal Dutch
Oil company, foreign monopoly, is
the principal opponent
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
Will
Send Home Men
WhOWOuldQ Quit
Peace Negotiations With Germans
Are Definitely Broken Off
tuy Associated Press.p J

tuy Associated pEesm.l
AMSTERDAM, Jan. There was
more calm feeling in German par
liamentary circles Sunday, according
TO the Tageblatt. The reichstag ma
jority parties firmly intended to sup
port the government, 1t is said.
On the other hand, the Socialists
held meetings Sunday which the So
cialist daily. Vorwaerts, calls aper.
haps the most momentous" since Au-
gust, 1914 The paper says the So
cialist party will make It's attitude
dependent on whether the govern
ment returns to the declarations
made on Christmas
In the meantime the Tageblatt says
the annexationists are making every
effort to overthrow Foreign Secretary
Won Kuehlmann
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
SOCIETY ASKS
uFOLLETTE Be CANNED

WASHINGTON, Jan. IA pur-
ported stenographic report of sena-
tor La Follette's ST. Paul speech was
filed today by the American Defense
society with the senate committee on
privileges and elections. The So
ciety is urging La Follette's expul-
sion.
The senate subcommittee may con-
slider the report Tuesday when it
resumes the investigation.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
LOOKS FoR GAS LeAk--sAnel

SAN FRANCISCO. Cal, Jan. l.
Peter Cluness. Central hotel pro.
prietor was burned seriously today
and damage estimated at $4,000 re.
suited from an explosion and fire
following his hunt for gas leak
with lighted torch.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
ARMOUR BITTERLY
ATTACKS HENEY
DECLARES ATTORNEY SEEKS TO
STIR UP CLASS HATRED
ANc PREJUDICE.
tBy Associated Preas)


CHICAGO, Jan. III. Ogden
Armour. head of Armour & Co, meat
packers, last night made a statement
in regard to remarks made in Phila-
delphla on Saturday by an official
connected with the federal trade COM
mission, asserting that the federal
government might seize packing in
dustries through reeeivership. Mr..
Armour, after resentlng what he
called "the insidious methods Of Mr..
Heney, counsel for the commission,
of preiudieing and inflaming the
public" said
Through the affairs of a corpora
tion in Philadelphia which has no
connection whatever with the pack.
ing business and whose operations
have not the slightest influence on
the cost Of meat, the press dispatches
scatter all over the country inter-
views with Mr.. Heney which both by
inuendo and anonymity, coupled with
Mr. Heney's innocent destinations to
be personally interviewed, charge
that the United States is planning
to have receivers take over and run
the packing business. Mr.. Heney
is the paid attorney of the federal
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
PRESS Of ENGLAND
PRAISES |. GEORGE
SPEECH WILL PREVENT WEDGE
BETWEEN LABOR AND GOVERN
MENT is ONE OPINION.

tBy Associated Presa.l
LONDON, Jan. 7.--Expressions
In the London press Indicate that
as never before has Lloyd George
won such universal approval as is
given his statement Of Saturday
concerning war aims.
II is recognized that there
will be divergence Of opinion on
details, but In all essentials the
statement is hailed as emlnently
satisfactory interest is focused
on the reception given the state
Continued On Page Four.)
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07

CHARLES Il. BARRETT of Las
Vegas was an arrival this morning
and registered at the Mizpah hotel.
ss~~%~~~Se%~S%
forced 20 lie ON the floor while the
work Of destruction was done. There
have been no arrests.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
PHILADELPHIA GETS COAL
tRy Associated Press)

PHILADELPHIA, Pa, Jan. L.
Conditions resulting from the short.
age of coal were greatly improved
in this city today. More than $4,000
tons of coal had been received and
heavy shipments of bituminous were
reported. Retail dealers kept their
yards open all day Sunday and coal
was delivered TO many householders
who had been without heat for sev.
eral days.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07

LONDON. Jan. 7.-British troops
Saturday night attacked and recap
tured from the Germans a trench sec
tion which the Teutons had occupied
earlier in the day to the east of
Bulleeourt, on the -Cambrain
front the war office announces.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
CONTROL rwlNE MARKET

WASHINGTON, Jan THE food
administration today arranged to
control the supply Of binder twine
this year Reasonable prices, though
not as low as in former years. are
expected
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
HEARINGS ON HUGE
DEFICIENCY MEASURE
,ny Associated Press,

WASHINGTON, Jan. Hearings
were begun today before the house
appropriations committee on the
urgent deficiency bill, whose total of
approximately $1,40O,OOO.O0O breaks
all records for deficiency measures.
Lansing appeared to explain the
necessity of large funds for the state
department to meet its current year
needs in connection with the war.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
special @ the nonapaa.

Special 20 the HOnapza.
LONDON, Jan. Tan offlctgl
statement issued at Berlin and for
warded by the Zurich correspondent
of the Exchange Telegraph company
announces that because of the Rus
sian request to transfer the peace
pour parlors from Brest-LItovsk to
Stockholm the central powers had
temporarily suspended the negotia.
tions with Russia.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
22 HURT IN PANIC.
,Hy Associated Press.l

CAMBRIDGE, Jan twenty-five
passengers were injured today. two
seriously. In wild panic to escape
from a subway train. Boston bound,
when a fuse blew out with a roar
resembling an explosion.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
STEAMER AGROUND.


shy Associated Preaa.l
A CANADIAN ATLANTIC PORT.
Jan. IA 2600ton Canadian steam.
ship went ashore today In fog on
the Cape Breton coast. Vessels were
dispatched to her assistance.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
LIGHT SNOW IN COLORADO.


DENVER. Colo, Jan. There
was light fall OF snow yesterday
in Colorado and portions OF New
Mexico, but not serious enough to
handicap train service. Snow fell
at Denver Leadville aud Grand
Junction. Colo. and at Santa Re.
IN n.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1918-01-07
FINLAND RECOGNIZED
BY TEUT0N GOVERNMENT
iBy Associated Press,

tHy Associated Prehsl
AMSTERDAM, Jan. 7.-Chancellor
Won Hertling received the Finnish
plenipotentiares Sunday and in.
formed them Germany had recognized
the Finnish republic.