davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1918-08-24
Shotguns and Conventions.

To the Editor Of The Star.
In. your leading editorial of We'd
nesday. August 81. occurs the state
ment, "It may be true that the Ge-
neva convention .forbids the use Of
shotguns as weapons in war" The
Geneva convention does not touch on
this subject at all, but deals solely
with the distinguishing marks and
protection of medical and hospital
personnel and the care of the sick
and wounded.
II there Is any conventions upon
which the use of shotguns could be
protested it would be the following
provision in article % of The Hague
convention relating to the laws and
customs Of war on land. This pro-
to which all belligerents are sigma
tory. as well as in the revision Of 1907.
Besides the prohibitions provided
by special conventions, it is especial
ly forbidden: (e) To employ arms.
projectiles or material calculated to
cause unnecessary suffering"
This, Of course, makes the use of
shotguns or any other instruments of
war mot specifically prohibited as is
the use OF poison, explosive bullets.
etc.) dependent upon its effectiveness
for attaining the object of war. If
out OF proportion to the military ad-
vantage gained by the belligerent, the
use of shotgunS would be absolutely
within the letter of the convention.
The justification based upon the
right Of reprisal against an enemy
or customs for the mitigation of the
cruelties Of war involves some very
difficult questions, which are indicated
by the following extracts from the
United States Rules of Land War
fare, under which our Army is now
uiattons are concerned, rs copied from
the instructions published in 1868 for
the Union armies.
1878. Reprisals. Reprisals are acts
Of retaliation. resorted to by one bel
ligerent against the enemy individuals
fare committed by the other belliger-
ent. for the purpose of enforcing fu-
ture compliance with the recognized
rules of civilized warfare.
$3.50. Retaliation Indispensable. The
law of war can no more wholly dis
pense with retaliation than can the
law OF nations. of which 1t Is a branch.
Yet civilized nations acknowledge re-
tsliation as the sternest feature of
war. A reckless enemy often leaves
to his, opponent no other means of Sc
curing to himself against the repetition
Of barbarous outrage.
1881. Retaliation will, therefore,
never be resorted to as measure of
mere revenge, but only as a means of
protective retribution. and. moreover.
cautiously and unavoidably: that is to
say, retaliation shall only be resorted
to after careful inquiry into the real
occurrence and the character of the
misdeeds that may demand retribu-
tion. Unjust or inconsiderate retalia-
tion removes the belligerents farther
and farther from the mitigating rules
OF regular war, and by rapid steps
leads them nearer to the internecine
wars Of savages.'
QUINCY WRIGHT.
Evening star., 1918-08-24
COLONIES. FOR WAR.

Six lieutenant colonels OF infantry,
attached to the general stafr and sta
toned in this city. have been Saised
to the rank Of colonel for the war
and will remain at their present duty.
They are Lieut.. Col. Charles w.
Weeks. infantry. General Stan Corps,
Army war Colleges; Lieut.. Col. Rob-
ert Sillman, infantry General Stan
Corps. office Of chief .of stan. War
field, Infantry, General STAR Corps.
ONCE of tho chief OF stan, War De-
partment: Lieut. Col. Constant Cor
dier, General Staff Corps. office Of
chief of stan,. War Department.: Lieut..
star s corps oT psn1us pepartment; e1saal Iisut
Col. James G. Hannah. General Staff
Corps. ONCE of the. chief of star, War
Department.
Evening star., 1918-08-24
Brace Up.

Cheer up, the heat may take
the starch from you. this time
O. year, but there will be no heat
in March, and March will soon
be here Cheer up, though feel
ing halfway dead, exhausted by
the grind; there's always solace
just ahead, and history behind.
Cheer up, if tired Of buying ice,
which thins your meagef roll !;
for soon you will dig up the price
for loads of slate and coal.
Cheer up if war news shows re-
verse for armies of our own !;
the Teuts will strike a whole
lot worse than ever we, have
known. Cheer up if bread is
lacking wheat, and long on bran
and chaff ; the tempting loaf you
do not eat means some Huns
epitaph. Cheer up if all our
wires seem crossed, and govern
ment diseased; believe me,
everything's not lost because
you are not pleased. Cheer up
If Foch is doing things you do
not understand; he's out to get
some Bulgar kings, and see
some kaisers canned. If some
discomforts you should know,
don't spring grouchy wheeze /;
our boys who face the fighting
foe don't bask on beds of ease.
Cheer up! Let every word and
deed be of hopeful style; cheer
up, for other people need the
comfort of your smile.
WALT MASON.
Evening star., 1918-08-24
P. S. WARREN GONE OVERSEAS,
Will Serve as Secretary for the
Knights of Columbus.

Philip Simms Warren of Washing
ton. nephew of Gen. G. <. Warren,
who was chief engineer Of the Union
forces in the civil war. has gone over
seas as Knights of Columbus secre-
tary. Warren's aunt, Mrs. Washing
ton A. Roebling. was the wife Of the
constructor and engineer Of the
Brooklyn bridge.
Mr.. Warren completed the first new
wing at the White House with glass
windows during Roosevelt.s first sd-
ministration. He also holds the dis
tinction of installing the first plate
glass blackboard in school in this
country at Mckinley Manual Training
High School. Before entering Knights
of Columbus service he had been con-
nected with the Washington Steel and
Ordnance Company.
Evening star., 1918-08-24
CAMP PROGRAMS TOMORROW.

Speakers at camps and contonments
in the Washington district tomorrow.
furnished by the Washington Y. M.
C. A.. have been announced as fol-
lows: Bliss Electrical School. Prof.
L. D. Thomas. singing by Mrs. Joanes
and Miss Shaw; Eagle Hut, morning.
Newton w. Preston; College Park.
Leech, 1880 pm, DIR. Charles 6. Cady.
Miss Florence Lampert will lead the
music; Walter Reed Hospital, 1880
pm. n. W. Preston; Camp Humphreys.
DR.. Charles Wood; Fort Myer. DR..
J. A. Boal; Washington barracks. DR..
c. q. Wehler. - ).
Evening star., 1918-08-24
Restored to Regular Rank.

BY direction OF the President, the
following temporary brigadier gem
erals have been restored to their
regular rank in the Army: Brig.
Gen. William H.. Allaire, National
Army, colonel in the infantry,
American expeditionary force. Brig.
Gen. Charles Crawford, colonel in the
infantry. American. expeditionary
force: Brig. Gen. Frank D. Webster,
colonel In the infantry, American ex-
peditionary force.
Evening star., 1918-08-24
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS RACE
Senator Reed So Charges Before
United Service Climb.

Senator Reed of Missouri, in an ad-
dress at the United Service Club of
America last night. attacked the
Hohenzollern family and declared
that history has shown 1t to be a rob-
br race
Il say II America had not gone into
this war when she did. Germany would
have won and chains ultimately would
have been forged for the limbs Of
democracy" said Mr.. Reed. I'VE will
win the fight, but 1t will require a
straining of our muscles, and / say
to you. oh, men of the military, grid
on your swords and prepare to battle
for the Fight"
Evening star., 1918-08-24
The Star by Mail.

-E sure to have The Evening
- In most cases The Star wiz
be 1t the breakfast tahls che
next morning, and always give
aIl Of the latest news from wash.
ington Of the day before. fhs
address may be changed - ire
qusutly a. desired by giving the
old AZ well ~ the new address.
The price OF The Star by nail
daily and Sunday II 20 cents Per
month, In advance.
Evening star., 1918-08-24
SHOT IN CRAPS GAME.
Basil Ford in Hospital, Richard
Roberson Held.

Suffering from a bullet wound in
his abdomen. Basil Ford, colored.
1121 Half street southwest. was taken
to Emergency Hospital from Broad
alley southwest last night.
Richard Robertson, colored. los G
street southwest, was arrested by
Bicycle Policeman ]. t. Jackson of
the fourth precinct and charged with
assault with a deadly weapon in the
case. 1t is charged that the shoot
ing took place during game of
craps. Robertson is being held to
await the result Of Ford's wound.
Evening star., 1918-08-24
ADJUSTMENTS.
Montgomery County Fair,
Rockville
Au9ust 27. 28. 29 and q

The competition In both Harness and Run.
ming 6soes promises to be the keenest In the
nistory Of the Fair. as some sensational young
1rotters and PAGERS have been developed dur
ing the summer at the Fair Grounds. and Run
ness Of real chss will be hero in numbers.
demonstration of what the county is doing in
the conservation and production Of food during
these war times.
The Stock and Poultry Department will show
eVplendid improvement over former Year,.
!. .Attractions will be here in numbers and Of
the very highest class. The music will be the
best to be had.
Take B. Q. trains at Union station. Fare
Will be reduced.
Take electric cars at 32nd and II or 32nd and
= sts.. which will be run on 10-minute schedule
Evening star., 1918-08-24
July Circulation
96,441

District Of Columbia. S.:
FLEMING NEwBoLD, business manager of
THE EVENING and SUNDAY STAR, does SOL
emnly swear that the actual number Of copies
Of the paper named sold and distributed during
the month of July, AID. 1918. was as follows:
Evening star., 1918-08-24
CITY NEWS IN BRIEF.

A lawn fete held ON the lawn Of
Philip Marcy, in North Cherrydale.
Va, this week netted $S9.23 for the
benefit of the Red Cross.
Representative Beavis of Nebraska
Club at s o'clock tonight on his i'm
pressions on his recent visit to
France. Soldiers from Camp Leech
will be the guests. Cafeteria lunch
and supper will be served at the club
and outdoor games will be held all
day. At S:15 o'clock this evening an
orchestra will play. Open-air motion
Margaret Beal, Fairmont Heights,
Md. visiting her aunt at 1905 Talbert
street, Anacostia, was bitten on the
leg by a dog belonging to a neighbor
of her aunt yesterday afternoon. Her
wound was dressed by a physician.
Wfliam Gregory. seven years old.
504 I'd street southeast. was bitten on
the back by dog belonging to a
resident of Hickman street southeast
yesterday morning.
District colored employees today are
Green Willow Park, Anacostia, under
the auspices of the District Colored
Employees BENEFIT Association. Special
features have been arranged and an
attendance Of several hundred persons
is anticipated. The committee in
charge consists of William ]. Smith,
chairman; A. r Lewis. Joseph A.
jackson. L. F. Webster. John Hurd.
James H. Mathews. John W. Cooper.
Edward C. Allen. Abe Wilson and
William A. Coleman.
Evening star., 1918-08-24
CITY ITEMS.

BPaaa Beds sRelacquared, Satin or Bright
John A. Gottsmann & Co.. F. 5431.
Evening star., 1918-08-24

Floral Service for Every Need.
Moderate prices. Shaffer. 900 14th st
-Advt
Evening star., 1918-08-24
Monday.

lexington Presbyterian Church
recreation room-Social entertain
ment and refreshments. Newspapers,
magazines. books, stationery, music,
etc.
Jewish Welfare Board and Y. M. H.
A.. recreation rooms, northeast cor
ner of 11th street and PENNSYLVANIA
avenue northwest-Physical training
class at 8:15, Zionist meeting, colleg-
late and Jewish script class at $50
pm. French class at pm
. W. c. c. S.-Free moving pictures.
band concert, singing and special fea-
lures at the Sylvan Theater. directly
southeast of the Washington Noun
ment, at 1880 to 1880. Special invita-
tion to enlisted men.
Dance at Wilson Normal School, 11th
and Harvard streets, 8 to 10 pm
Dance, music and refreshments at
Christ's Episcopal parish hall, $40 G
street southeast, from until H.
Dance at Thomson community CEN
ter. Thomson School. 18th and L streets
northwest. Open-air platform dancing
from to 1890.
Fifth Baptist Church chapel, 1910
NJ street southwest. near Washing
ton Barracks gates-8 pm, entertain
Iment and refreshments.
Social dancing, New York avenue
playground, New York avenue and 1st
street northwest, frorn 8 until 1890.
Record shower at War Camp Com
munity Club at 8 pm. Will yod do
nate disc record for the soldiers
20
Evening star., 1918-08-24
Tuesday.

Entertainment and dance at Epish-
any chapel. 12th and C streets south
west.
Y. M. H. A., 18th street and Penn
sylvania avenue northwest-Spanish
class at 8 pm.
Dance at Wilson Normal School, 18th
and Harvard streets northwest. ~.
Tennis from s until !, dark, Central
High School. 11th and Clifton streets
northwest. From 1889 until 1880,
swimming, outdoor games and gym
Social dancing, Georgetown play
ground. ssd and Volta place north
west.
Is Wednesday.
w. c. c. s., free moving pictures.
band concert. singing and special
features at the Sylvan Theater, di-
rectly southeast Of the Washington
Monument. 1880 until 1880. weather
permitting.
Swimming. tennis and base ball at
Central High School from $50 until
dark. Dancing. moving pictures and
band concert from 87-until 1880.
Jewish welfare Board and 7. NJ
II. A. recreation rooms. 1tth street
Evening star., 1918-08-24
PLANS FOR BENEFIT.
OF MENINUN|FORM
War Camp Commissions Pre-
sent a Varied Program Of
Entertainment.

Following is list of activities con-
Quoted under the auspices of the Dis
trict of Columbia War Camp Coanmu-
nifty Service of the War and Navy
Departments commissions on train
ing camp activities.
Evening star., 1918-08-24
DANCING.
Wash. Dancing Academy

GLOyER'S, 61c 2cnd--rRIv. LES. ANY TINE.
zSc; correct tenching: class. Tues., Fri. evex.
orchestr<. Ballroom for rent, s.; w. ll2os-
Evening star., 1918-08-24

A lawn fete held ON the lawn Of
Philip Marcy, in North Cherrydale.
Va. this week netted $S9.23 for the
benefit of the Red Cross.
Evening star., 1918-08-24

District Of Columbia. ss.:
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-08-30
DEFENSE LINES
ARE PIERCED
British Crossed .Hindenburg Line
Early This Week and NOW
Somme Defense has Been
Cut Through.

UNITED Press Leased Wire SarV1ce.l
With both Hindenburg and Somme
defense lines pierced, the Germans TO-
day faced gradual dissolution OF the
former and sudden collapse of the lat
ter.
The Germans had planned the
Somme line west of the Hindenburg
for a great part of the older defense's
length. But the British crossed the
Hindenburg line early this week at
point north of the northern extrem-
ity of the Somme line.
The Somme line which was to have
been only temporary, has been turned
at Noyan and crossed in the Peronne
region This is accepted as forecast
of immediate retirement to the re-
mainder of the Hindenburg line on
this portion Of the front, which would
mean an additional maximum retreat
of Is miles.
The British, pushing along the Ar
ras.Cambrai road, east of the linden
burg line, are rapidly acquiring valu-
able portions of Lens.Douay Cambria
coal fields which are highly import
ant to Germany.
Meantime the French are driving
against the southern portion of the
Hindenburg line east of the Ailette
while just south of this operation
French and American troops are car
rying out a push designed to flank
the Germans on the Aisne-Vesle line
and render their Chemin-Des-Dames
positions untenable.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-08-30
Startling Testimony

United Press Leased Wire Service.l
MAQUOKETA, Iowa, Aug 30
Indications this afternoon pointed to
startling testimony tomorrow when
an inquest will be held on the death
of Mrs. Guy MILFORD. who was shot In
her bed Tuesday night.
Her husband was shot in the arm.
He says his wife was killed when a
revolver held by burglar was dis
charged during scuffle. MILFORD
says he was shot Immediately after
the first bullet killed his wife.
A third shot is said to have been
fired. There is great discrepancy
between Wilford's statement and that
of his niece, Velma Taylor, who came
into the room where the Wilfords
slept after the third shot was fired.
They disagree as to the time between
shots. The niece also says she saw
no one in the room or the yard after
her uncle called her and handed her
some money, which he said the burg
lar overlooked.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-08-30
NO ALLIANCE
is FORMING
Senator Lewis Says United States
and England Would do Nothing
Without Peoples
Opinion.

United Press Leased Wire Service. ]
LONDON, Aug. 30.-Rumors of an
impending alliance between England
and America were denied here today
by United States Senator James Ham.
ilton Lewis, Of Illinois, in speech at
the American Luncheon club. He also
expressed his opposition to a state
ment Of allied war aims with the ex-
ception of a statement of general
terms.
'If circumstances ever justify a
change in the existing Anglo-Amerf
can relations" he said, President
Wilson and Premier-Lloyd George will
ask their respective peoples to decide.
There will be no diplomatic juggling
and no secret compacts will be en-
tered into while Wilson is PRESIDENT
and while a democratic government!
exists in England. l feel particularly
that war aims might be left for the
peace table No allied nation would
be embarrassed by premature individ'
ual efforts to mortgage the peace
commissioners to any specific pro
visions before the negotiations.
at would deprive them Of necessary
trading powers as well as equip the
enemy with knowledge Of particular,
detailed claims, against which he
would Immediately prepare counter
measures.
'.All questions of trade and future
economic relations should be left to
final adjustments"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-08-30

BEATS MULE
Balks Back and Forth in Half Block
of Street for Over Half
an Hour Last
Night.

That the Missouri mule is gentle
and dependable nag compared with a
really stubborn automobile was DEM
onstrated to the people who live
around Eighth and Morgan street.
A young woman driving big car
was irritated by it's baking some on
Blondeau street, and turned into
North Eighth street. Within a few
blocks, the automobile baked and
apparently permanently. 1t went for
ward for half block, and then back
wards for half a block, and 1t kept
this backing and filling up for half
an hour and more. When the deni-
zens of the neighborhood went to
bed, it was still vibrating between
Morgan street and the alley, but it
was not there when they got up this
morning, and it is assumed that the
young woman got home some time
during the night.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-08-30
SHOW SWISS
REAL COUNTRY
Delegation to be Brought to America
and Shown How the United
States Does War
Work

United Press Leased Wire Service.
WASHINGTON, Aug. 30.-America
is about to demonstrate to neutral ma
lions her determination and what she
Is doing to beat the Hun.
The first neutral to be Shown" is
our friend, Switzerland. The United
States government is to bring dele
cation of leading Swiss journalists and
statesmen to our shores and let them
see us in action for war.
1t is a part of the broad campaign
being carried on by the committee on
public information to demonstrate to
all neutrals that we are quietly but en-
Enthusiastically going into the war for
a knock out-and have the means and
morale to back up the effort.
The move comes at time when
the leading German papers are warn
ing Of the increasing growth OF Amerl-
can Influence In neutral countries.
This report declares that until re-
Gently people leaving Germany were
!obliged to sign paper swearing that
they would tell nothing unfavorable
about conditions in Germany" NOW,
however, the German authorities give
no passports to any but their own
agents to leave Germany. The report
continued:
1.-The men (Germans) have been at
the front So long that many are no
longer civilized and their wives are
afraid to have them come home on
leave. The women, too. have fallen
into habits of immortality difficult to
believe.
Conditions In Berlin are lawless
People are held up on the street and
stripped of their shoes and coats;
houses cannot be left alone without
danger of being entered and rifled
Complainers at police headquarters
are rebuffed for troubling about such
trifles in times OF war. This is the
condition in Berlin which formerly
was the most orderly of cities"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-08-30
STUDENTS ENTER
COLLEGE SOON
They Go from Keokuk to Many lnstl-
tutions, and Their Summer
Vacation is Almost
Ended

The many Keokuk girls who are in
college, or will be freshmen this fall,
are preparing to leave very soon for
the campus and class room.
Keokuk has always sent many
young people to college each year.
Many institutions are included in the
list of colleges receiving students
from this city, Illinois university.
Knox college and Wisconsin univer
sity being prime favorites.
The young men students-some Of
them go to college, next month, but
many of them are in the army.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-08-30
COLLEGE PLAN
is ATTACKED
Row in Senate Today Threatened to
Hold Up Approval of Confer
ence Report on Man.
power Bill.

United Press Leased Wire Service. ]
WASHINGTON, Aug. 30.-An at
tack on the war department that for
a time threatened to hold UP senate
approval of the conference report on
the manpower bill developed today.
Senators hurled charges of political
propaganda" misleading the peo-
pie" and "deceiving congress" at the
head of Secretary Baker.
!. The wordy squall arose when Sena-
tor Watson, Indiana, inquired what
authority the war department has in
the reported plan to take over 400
American universities and colleges
to educate young men at government
expense. Senator Chamberlain, chair.
man Of the committee, declared he
knew of no such plan. Watson pro-
duced long newspaper article to
prove that such plan is under way.
This is another step in the pater.
nalistic, socialistic scheme of things
being worked out with the approval
of socialist officials high in the gov
eminent" said Watson.
ct is being done without warrant
in law"
Senator Wadsworth declared that
no such plan exists, adding that for
the purposes or pOllClcal propaganda
to smooth over any trouble that
might arise, the impression is being
given to the parents of 1S-year-old
bows who will be called in the draft
that the government will educate
them free.
Its a lie," said Wadsworth. IT'S
all on tours with the deception of
the American people with regard to
the aircraft program and other fea-
lures of our war preparations. It's
Just meant to quiet APPREHENSION and
remove worry. The war department
never planned to do it, and couldn't
do IL ~
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-08-30
Settlement in SIGHT,

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.]
WASHINGTON, Aug. 30.-Officials
have expressed the belief today that
settlement of the long continued
American-Canadian fisheries contro-
versy is in sight.
Secretary Redfield today said he will
meet with delegations from Canada
at Lake Champlain Monday to resume
negotiations. 1t appeared today that
suggestions from this government
would be accepted by the Canadians
and that several concessions to Cana
dian interests will be granted by Red
field.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-08-30
WEST POINT
FAIR NEAR
Begins Next Monday With Good
Program for the Entire Period
and keokuk Will
Attend.

A considerable number of Keokuk
people always attend the West Point
fair which this year begins Its exhi-
bition and pleasures next Tuesday.
There will be no admission charged
on Tuesday which will be devoted to
preparing for the two big days that
follow. Numerous free attractions
have been provided. and the exhibits
Ind other things will keep the visitor
busy
The live stock entries forecast an
unusually large exhibit of special in
terest Cattle will be shown We'd
hesday forenoon.
A ten mile auto race is staged for
Thursday afternoon and that is only
pne of the numerous attractions.
Dances will be held Wednesday and
Thursday evenings. The officers OF
The fair association are:
President-Wm. r. Timpe.
Vice president-John c. Danover.
Secretary-John Wallpaper.
Treasurer-Theo. Vonderhaar.
Directors-F. N. Smith, c. II.
rimpe, o. B. Wallpaper, John Dach-
nan, Martin Scfioene, Gilbert Lee,
J. a. Marmeyer, VIM. Enslow, ]. w.
Stewart, AL Brinck, R. e. Baker,
Gerhard Denning, Sam Hazen.
Marshall. II. Myers.
Executive committee-W. r. Timpe,
J. C. Danover, Theo. Vonderhaar,
John Wallpaper, ]. A. Harmeyer.