The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-05-26

w ANA y Gil VIC OH CooCo VI VI III
over by the factor of high spec
that proper fabrication is the
ures will be more or less loca
ures may afflict all parts of tn
tention to this detail of main
score of places at once.
The wise men of science tell US t
cured, perpetual motion would be j
ideal condition is beyond the reach OF
that he can hope to do is to get the
with which our engineers have supp
vided he learns to know the lubricat
the attention it needs.
To begin with the ear owner should
study the instruction book furnished by
tne maker of the vehicle he drives. There
ne viii find suggested the proper grade
OF lubricant TO be used in all the yari :
Gus reservoirs and cups about the car.
He should note just how often, that is
requires renewal of its lubricant and
REQUIRES renewal or its lubricant, and
then he should religiously supply the oil
or grease at just those intervals
Two general rules may be said to gov
ern the fabrication of moving parts of
such a mechanism as the modern motor
vehicle. First, the moving parts must
be fabricated according to the load and
tne speed at which they move and sec
ond, according to the temperature at
which they operate. A part which nor
mally runs hot is going to need a lot of
oil and that oil will have to be replaced
at frequent intervals. The faster a mart
moves. the more oil it is. going to call
for and greater must be the care taken
to see that the supply is constantly re-
newed.
No better illustration of this condition
can be found than the engine. The
shafts operate at high speed, with con-
sequent high temperature. The pistols
run at high speed, and they get very hot
in operation. Obviously, then, these parts
are going to need copious and careful
.ssoation. How many owners follow
the correct procedure of draining the
crankcase every 500 miles of running and
after flushing it out with kerosene, refill
Ing 1t with fresh oil? Not many of them
/ venture and yet to use oil in the en-
ginea for a longer period than this is
lowering the lubricating efficiency of the
power plant. 1t is quite true that oil
can be used for thousands of miles, but
correct fabrication is not maintained, be-
cause of contamination of the OIL
TAKE EXPERTS ADVICE
1t must be realized also that the oper-
ating temperatures of various engines
differ widely; some of them get much
hotter than others. Therefore, the oil
requirements of different power plants
Eill vary with this factor of heat. The
car owner should be sure that he is using
the grade of oil recommended by the
maker of his vehicle or by the expert
of the oil refining company in cases
where the makers suggestion is not prov
ing altogether satisfactory.
Heat has decomposing action on oil.
The engine oil comes constantly in con-
tact with pistons that sometimes run at
400 degrees F., with cylinder walls at 800
degrees and bearings at 200 degrees. This
excessive heat acts to decompose more
or less of the oil thereby causing the for
mation of sediment The longer such oil
stays in .'.e reservoir, the greater grows
the proportion of sediment and the lesser
becomes the lubricating qualities of the
oil. Hence the need for frequent re-
newals and flushing out of the reser-
voir to get rid of the sediment
We may note here that in certain cases
an appreciable volume of water finds its
way into the oil reservoir. This is par
ticularly true in cold weather. when wa
ter formed in the combustion chamber as
one of the products of combustion, force
its way down past the piston rings and
mixes with the oil. The oil and water
form an emulsion, which is not at all
a good lubricant When the oil reser-
vor is ernptied at frequent intervals
this condition is remedied before il
reaches serious proportions
The steering system, which is constant
iy in motion needs fabrication to care
for the resulting friction. Cups are al
ways provided to care for the fabrication
of the steering system and they should
be filled and turned down at regular
Intervals.
FRONT END
While we are considering the front end
of the car, let not forget that there
are certain moving parts in the exterior
equipment located here, which need at
,eA.lon. If the car is fitted with gem
r-r tur the armature bearings of this de-
vice should b oiled at frequent inter
Mas. The manufacturer of the genera |
tor is generally particular to give min
ute instructions for the care of this part.
When there is an oil well included,
1t is an admirable plan to refill it at
the same time that the engines oil res
eryoir is replenished. If the car is
equipped with magnetic ignition, the arm
allure bearings of this part need oil and
as a general thing well is provided
for the lubricant. In cases where a bat
terry distributor is fitted. the vertical
shaft. which operates the distributor arm
must have oil at not greater intervals
than 500 miles of running and every 200
miles would be better Then there is
the bearing on which the cooling fan
runs; this operates at high speed and
needs lubricant once week or so
In working our way back along the
chassis the next part needing lubri-
cation we find in the clutch. Unhap-
PLY the clutch commonly receives very
little attention. in spite of the fact that
the part is called upon to do extremely
strenuous service, even in normal serv-
ice. But clutch service seldom is nor
NAL for the average car owner abom-
inahly abuses the unit. mainly through
Ignorance. Most drivers keep a foct
constantly on the clutch pedal and in
evttably, though they may be totally
unaware Of it, this causes the clutch
to slip. which Is bad for any type of
clutch.
OILING THE CLUTCH
Clutches in general use today are of
four kinds. cone. dry disc. disc in oil
and plate. In the cone, dry disc and
dry plate clutches the owner of the
car should see that every moving part