davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28
Smashing Traditions To
Aid the Liberty Loan
New York Stock Exchange Abandons Precedens by Taking
An Active Part in Sale of War Bonds-Urges
Holders Not to Sell

borrowers among brokerage hou...
should be on hand to meet calls ".
it has closed on days the Presidan.
designated as Liberty Days, and y
closed on all but one of the "coa,,.. -
Mondays, lately imposed to save f,.,
in order to speed ships abroad. Ind.sa
it will long be remembered-bv .o,.s
businesses with chagrin-that in ~.
midst of the furor caused by the c,s
field order for heatless days the .,
change kept its head and, to popul,.
surprise, registered in its ouotat;on.
an optimistic jump in prices.
BY and large the exchange has r.,.,
tered for itself and its clientele M ,a..
Of willingness to sacrifice custo.,
prejudice or the days business for II.
larger event. The men involved .r.
used to looking ahead for results "d;,
counting the future" Their yesterday,
"are embalmed with the Pharaohsn~
and thoughts are less upon what h.,
happened than upon what will honno,
1t is due to Liberty loans and a.
desire to list as many subscriptions a.
possible, regardless of size. that ~.
exchange has taken new concor, =
800 denominations. For such denom,
nations of bonds there had been On n.
exchange free market, but freuuentlv
no fair bid. Individual firm. .ran.
the membership engaged to tata ra
all these fractions of the $1,000 TN
erty bonds. Individual firm. s,,o -.
dertook to accept payment in ,nst,,
ments. The bookkeeping complextv in
such accounts had been the bother "a
obviate that, the subcommittee IN
partial payment plan approved th. IA.
vice OF the central committee Of com.
mercial banks and trust companies
the coupon books. These books enta,,sa
no work upon firms selling them hs-
yond delivering them to purchaser.
and forwarding the coupons containin.
purchasers names and addresses IN ths
Stock Exchange clearing house. One
year ago, according to the tabulation
of one exchange firm, there were but
100000 bondholders in the United
States. Now there are 12,OOo,OoO bond.
holders, owing to the popularity o.,
"baby" bonds of the first two Liberty
loans.
Public comment on current quota.
tions for the past Liberty bonds has
seemed to stress too lightly the point
that if buyers had not sold there would
have been no under-par quotations, and
that the governments promise is to
redeem them at par on O. fixed date
This week the Stock Exchanges Sub.
committee on publicity, E. T. Tefft
chairman, took notice of the comment
and set aside precedent by crculariz-
ing exchange houses to the following
effect:
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28
Bonds Should
Stay Sold

There has appeared in some quar-.
ters the general misapprehension that
by subscribing to the loan one dis.
charges his patriotic obligation and
IS free to sell the bonds subscribed for
any time thereafter. We urge your co.
operation in combating such impres.
sion by pointing out the essential un.
soundness of any such belief. Just as
the government requires men for the
duration of the war; it is important
that every subscriber should make his
Liberty Loan 'for the duration of the
war; Subscribers should take all the
bonds they can pay for in cash and
with the savings in the near future.
IT this does not come up to their share
they should borrow from their bank in
order to take more, but whatever
amount they borrow it should be with
the positive intention to pay off out Of
additional savings and increased earn
lngs. Subscribers then will be actually
enlisting their funds for the period Of
the war in the manner most helpful
to the government"
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28
With Business Leaders
On a War Time Junket
Attitude of Manufacturers Merchants and Financers
Toward Problems of the Day and the Future, as
Exhibited at Chicago and Cincinnati
By George Clarke Cox

Member of the Chamber Of Commerce Of tho
the United States and Of the Foreign Trdde
Council
4 MERICA is waking up fast to the
~ gigantic nature of its task in
the war and after the war; and
in the person Of its business repre-
sentatives, is solidly behind the gov
ernment to bring this war to an end
in the destruction of German autocracy
this is the impression made upon an
observer who attended the recent
meetings of the Chamber of Commerce
Of the United States at Chicago, and
the National Foreign Trade Council at
Cincinnati.
These are not political bodies. They
include men of every shade of politi-
cal opinion and they give no political
advice; but the evidence was unmis
taxable that these representatives Of
commercial, financial, maritime and in
surance bodies are in the fight to a
finish and that no negotiated peace
would have the slightest chance of
their approval or support. Thomas l..
Chadbourne spoke for the government
in no uncertain terms at Cincinnati,
and his words were received with tum-
ultuous and long continued applause.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28
Market Hard
Hit in 1906


fee plantations was, finally, over-pro-
duction Of coffee, eliminating in the
coffee crisis Of 1906 and the more or
less unsatisfactory conditions prevail
ing since then. The first harbinger of
the coming depression of prices was in
1901-1902, when big crop of $4,000 900
bags drove the price level down from
rs to 30 francs per bag. Smaller crops
the succeeding four years helped things
somewhat, but in 1906 there were
stored in the worlds warehouses about
100000 bags of coffee, or about
three-fourths of years supply. In
addition, the crop of 19O6-19O7 was
huge beyond expectations, being over
2o,ooO,00O bags. With such a condi-
ton of affairs the coffee industry of
Brazil was confronted with ruin.
AS far back as 1901 there was some
discussion of plans to aid the coffee
industry. In 1902 there was enacted
in Sac Paulo legislation prohibiting the
establishment of new coffee plantations
Various other proposals were made
One was that the government of the
states should levy tax on all coffee
exported at price less than a certain
fixed figure, the tax to be the difference
between the actual and the fixed price.
so that there would be no incentive To
export coffee at less than a certain
price. The government was also to
make advances on coffee stored in
warehouses. This proposal was never
put into effect.
About the end of 1906 preliminary
steps toward a valorization scheme
were taken. 1t was proposed that tho
state governments buy up large
amounts of coffee and sell them eradu-
ally over a period of years. An agree.
ment was reached at Taubate at the
beginning of 1906 that the three state
governments, with federal aid, should
undertake to raise loan of s15,00O 900
with which to carry the valorization
scheme into effect. This loan was +o
be secured by supertax of francs
on each bag of coffee exported. The
states were to maintain laws which
prohibit the increase of areas planted
with coffee. Incorporated into tho
general scheme was currency measure
the Gaia de Conversao scheme. de-
signed to prevent the further appre-
c'ation OF the currency. The whole
scheme was bitterly opposed both bv
certain anti-protectionist Brazilians
and also by Lord Rothschild and Euro
pean hrms Interested in Brazil. FINALLY
a hitch in the plan occurred; federo;
aid was Withdrawn and Sac Paulo found
'tself under the necessity of proceedinc
alone.
The State officials of Sac Paulo acted
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28

| AA0ASS, WHICH speaks only through ltS
referendums. The Federal charter of
the railroads is mandatory. But there
are two kinds Of propaganda being
carried on relating to the return of
the war. One is loud and persistent;
the other academic. A solution will
lie between the two. When he said
that we must have courage to face the
problem honestly, even to the over
throw of positions previously held, he
seemed to be contemplating the posi-.
bility that the railroads would remain
under government control. He also
said that courage would be needed if
private ownership were to return. We
must look forward to time when the
war will be over. Mr.. Wheeler is a
man of such high capacity and char
acter, so open-minded and so trusted
by the Chamber of Commerce, that his
election at this time is a sign of
promise.
1t is an indication of the attitude of
the Chamber of Commerce that one of
the resolutions unanimously adopted
respectfully urged upon the govern
ment that measures or proposals
which have for their object the con-
troll Of industries be subjected to close
scrutiny and examination, and that
such proposals be adopted only where
there is sufficient evidence indicating
that the state of war makes such COLI
troll more effective for the proper con-
duct Of the war"
Every One Is
Enlightened
Shipping and shipping problems were
naturally very much to the fore at
both meetings. I have so far said
nothing of the educational value of
these gatherings, but it is only fair to
say that seldom if ever have so many
men been gathered together who were
capable of enlightening one another
and the general public concerning the
great problems which face our nation.
There were men expert in all
branches, representatives of business
and of the government. They met in
entire friendliness and there was a
notable absence of captious criticism.
The progress being made in shipbuild-
ing, the various types Of ships advo-
Gated, the methods used to care for
workers and to secure these workers
as we'll as the bearing upon our for
eign trade and general development Of
an adequate merchant marine all had
someone to speak for them. There
was even one lone voice, that of the
writer, raised to demand that our mer-
chant marine problem be studied from
the point of view of national policy
and that we do not simply take for
granted that building a lot of ships
will produce merchant marine and
keep it 'on the seas. Several wer.
found to advocate revising or abolish
ing the seaman's act, the doughty Cap
tain Robert Dollar declaring that it
was ut present a dead letter. But
the most practical and valuable pro-
posal in this connection was made in
report read by William d. Wheel
wright, of Portland, Ore, Indicating
practical method by which our mer-
chant marine may be retained without
interfering with the seaman's act.
which is entrenched in the affections
of labor.
The large fleet of which the United
States will be possessed after the war
will be built at enormous cost but as
war measure. Who is to own and
operate this fleet? Here comes again
the question of government ownership
and control. How can this flaet best be
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28
Brazil Rich With Coffee
b That Cannot Be Marketed
War Bans Sale of Large Part of the Southern Republic
Exportable Surplus So Inelastic That
Low Prices Have Little Effect

dustry does not have the spectre Of
foreign competition to confront that
the rubber industry has.
Sac Paulo, Minas Geraes and Rio de
Janelro are the only Brazilian states
that cultivate coffee to any very great
extent. These states, which are con-
tlguous and next to the coast, are in
the southern part of Brazil, there being
only the one State of Rio Grande do
Sui to the south of them. The State
OF Sac Paulo produces about four-fifths
OF the entire Brazilian coffee output.
Ihe great boom in coffee planting
began in Brazil about 1885. For th;r+v
years before this the growth of the
Sac Paulo coffee industry had made
steady progress; but nothing could have
led one to foresee the extraordinary
expansion which continued for nearly
fifteen years. 1t began to be realized,
however, how wonderfully we'll suited
to the production of coffee the soil and
climate OF Sac Paulo were, and under
the lure of immense profits great
strides were made in the extension of
coffee plantations. Colonists poured in
from abroad as we'll as from other
parts OF Brazil, and universal move
ment of speculation in land occurred.
Other crops dwindled-cane, cotton,
cereals-and the energies of nearly the
whole population were bent upon the
production of coffee. "Fazendas" sprane
up in all directions and mushroom
towns appeared almost overnight. The
colonists that poured in were motlev
crowd-Germans, Italians, Arabs, Syri-
ans and Orientals of all races, but
especially Japanese.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28
Spirit of the
Chambers Convention


The note Of patriotism was hamboy-
ant at times, as is our American habit;
and the Hon. Charles s. Hamlin was
perhaps the worst offender in this
respect. But, on the whole the note
was serious and the unanimity of ac-
ton was remarkable and encouraging.
The Chamber of Commerce members,
who represent tho entire business of
the United States, put themselves
solidly back of the government, ap-
proving the Overman bill to give full
centralized control, and declared them
selves willing to make any sacrifices
of personal business necessary to the
successful prosecution Of the war.
The eagerness of the members of
the Foreign Trade Council to grasp
the "prize Of foreign trade" spoke
we'll for their keenness as business
men, but badly for their appreciation
of world conditions. This was, how
ever, offset largely by the fine ad-
dresses of frwell S. Cutler, Chief of
the Bureau Of Foreign and Domestic
Commerce, and President James A.
Farrell, at the banquet. 1t is pity
that this address could not have opened
the council instead of closing it. He
said "There is no evidence now of any
intention to take undue advantage of
our economic and productive strength
and we shall in the future be as lit
tie disposed to turn to personal profit
the necessities of war-worn world.
or the exceptional influence of our po-
sition as exporters and importers. The
scsrifices that are being cheerfully
endured to-day by men engaged in
foreign commerce in the necessary
curtailment of their business through
the conservation of shipping, are an
earnest Of thL elevation OF method and
of purpose which will control the con-
duct of our external trade in the near
future" and it is to be hoped that
this is true. Mr.. Farrell and Mr.. E..
A. s. Clarke (at Chicago) both warned
their hearers that Germany's foreign
trade organization was intact and
must be reckoned with hereafter.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28


the other efforts to do n hit If wit f.-
the raising of the means to victory
nero isn't chance that stirring nd
vert'slng will be countcnanced bv the
exchange in ordinary times for ord;-
nary securities,
War service, for the first time bas
oeen accorded the privilege of i" mem.
per substitution" That is, if a Nom.
per OF the exchange enters the Mill
tary service of the United States be
may nominate another partner in his
urn 10 ms seat for the term of his ab-
sehce. But the nominee must, quite as
II he were new candidate, have n
seconder, and satisfy the admissions
committee as to his character. health
reputation, previous business experi-
ence' and the sponsors must answer the
''me-honored test question in this as
Well rs the London Stock. EXCHANGE.
would you accept this mans check
lor s2o,oooas" If the answers are all
unequivocal the real member goes 10
war knowing he has not sacrificed Tho
value of the privileges of his seat to
MS ilrm's detriment, and that he m,v
resume them on his return.
Compared with foreign exchanooo
the New York Stock Exchange has sow
Mondays. 1t is unfriendly to holiday.
not set apart by law, because whenay.r
the banks are doing business tba l.s..
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-10-20
FLEEING
IN EVERY DIRECTION

London. Oct. 1s-British troops
have entered Denain. German base
Of great strategic importance only six
miles from valenciennes the British
war once announced tonight.
Marchiennes. another important
French city east OF Douai has been
captured The western hank Of the
Sambre-Oise canal has been reach
ed.
At the British Front October H.
Many German prisoners taken In the
last few days n&httng declare Ger
many h engaged IN evacuating the
whole OF Belgium and northern
France. They aseert. 4 y believed In
Germany peace. win come after ths
within the CnrmAn frontiera
Tr0Opo ~ America. Belgfum,
France am4 0reA1 Hrilaln reGain14
1l4x gn0FN 111exS n1ile9 ~ Ifaneh
H. s.e nd. s s.s lsg MI 81 III
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-10-20

The fnai day OF the drive was a
memorable one for Richmond. for
while there has been nothing but
optimism ri loan headquarters, Elev-
enth and Bank streets. since the city's
quota was raised Thursday morning,
this <was~ heightened Sysssevdays the,
contagious fever being contracted
Liberty bond talk on the streets OF
the city. and many people even called
NJ headquarters and entered their
subscriptions
Under the plan to obtain a. many
subscriptions as possible. the COM
mittee designated the closing day az
One Extra Bond Day. and the pco-
pie Of Richmond were asked 70 talk
|, nothing but Liberty bonds. That the
movement was success is attested
ny the large subscription despite the
fact that yesterday wa< a short bust
ness day, Some of the banks remain
ed open until late IN the afternoon.
but the great bulk OF the business
was completed by noon.
CAMP LEE BOOSTERS
IN SHAPE OF A RAND
In many respects yesterday was the
greatest day of the drive and many
demonstrations were staged The day
| opened with the Individual canvass
and shortly after this began the third
section depot brigade band tom Camp
Lee. in charge OF Major neCamr, ar
rived and began series of concerts.
It's first stop was In front Of the Fed
eral Reserve Rank on Main street,
where several hundred people gath
er~d for the patriotic airs
This hand is regarded a. the best
Mt Camp Lee and has won an envi-
able reputation throurhout the state,
having made frequent pilgrimaRes
over Virginia. From the reserve bank
the hand moved to loan headquarters
where a short concert was given and
then marched to Broad street and
gave a parade. For some time con.
certs were given and at noon
the men were isaded on TIVE
huge army trucks and hauled
to Seven Pines TO participate
tions staged during the afternoon
Special shows were given at the
Foundation company's plant and the
United States Housing corporations
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-10-20
800 Square Miles
aiken From Hun

Washington. Oct le.--Eight
hundred square miles has been
recovered from the German army
IN France within the, siNsff pfriod
of four months by tho Americans
fighting shoulder to shoulder with
the French. according to state
nlent made today by General
March. chief of stan.
! This is the most extensive area yet
announced as the prize of the policy
OF General Foch. General March re-
peated again today that the French
commander in chief Is continuing his
pressure upon the enemy at all points.
giving him no rest whatever.
Announcement was also made that
the retirement of the Germans from
the Disc near La Fere leaves the en-
tire Hindenhurg tine in our hands.
and General March<recorded report
that British troops have reached the
frontier of Holland. opposite Bruges
In a general review of the military
General March pointed out
on the military maps that while on
Saturday last the Germans were re-
treating on a sixty mile front they
are now geing back on front of ESQ
miles, making desperate resistance APP
parently only in small salient OF
fifteen miles.
Describing in details the operations
on the various fronts. General March
said. While our American army in
fighting its way across the Kriem-
hide line on the wooded hills between
the Argonne and the Meuse, despite
a strong concentration of enemy d.
visions, the enemy has retreated rap
Idly from the st. Gohain heights and
the Chemin des- Danes and the Cham
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-10-20
Far-Flung Allied Lines Move Along
With Marvellous Precision and Fore !,
WE HAVE LOST"
SAYS COUNT TISZA

Washington, Oct. 10
1--WE have lost the war -
This is the utterance of
Count Tisza, made in the
course Of a discussion
which followed the decla-
ration of Hungary's indie
pendence, according to an
official dispatch today from
Basic. He added:
1--WE must openly admit
that we have lost the war.
I do not mean that we can
not hold out and compel
the adversary to pay very
dearly for a complete vic
tory, but that the balance
of forces have moved
against us and that we
have no hope of success,
SO that we are obliged to
seek for peace under con-
ditions acceptable under
these circumstances. I
cannot, then, but approve
the government action in
making a proposal of peace
on the basis of President
Wilson's principles. -
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-10-20
CITY, STATE AND NATION OVER-SUBSCRIBE LOAN QUOTAS
BELGIANS SWEEP TOWARD CLIENT, TRAPPING 5000 HUNS
PERSHlNGS MEN PUSH AHEAD IN FACE OF ASSAULTS
PARIS CELEBRATES
ALLIED VICTORIES

Paris, Oct. 19.-Paris to-
day was a riot of color and
jubilation in celebration of
the unbroken series of allied
victories. Allied flags futter
everywhere, the Star Span
gled Banner being conspicu-
ously represented in the dec
orative scheme. More than
1000 captured guns are lined
up in the Place de Concorde
and throngs are viewing
them. An inflated German
balloon is the object of great
curiosity in the Tuilleries
gardens and near by is the
wreck Of a Zeppelin. p
Paris is planning a mon
ster celebration for tomor-
row.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-10-20
Epidemic Continues 4Unabated;;
252 New Cases and e Deaths
Despite Roseae Predictions Influenza Continues Take It's
Toll Of Death-Tota Number Of Cases Close to 5000
Death List Reaches 351.

afternoon at o'clock. carrying the
total since the beginning OF the cpl
demic to 1894.
h Twenty eight additional deaths
were recorded yesterday, carrying the
total Of fatalities from influenza and
pneumonia to 351.
The cheering aspect Of the entire
situation is furnished by develop
ments At the John Marshall emer-
gency hospital, which. ever since the
wave began. has been regarded as a
barometer for the entire city.
Here more patients were discharg-
ed up to o'clock r. NJ. yesterday
than had been admitted. Seventeen
new cases were received, while forty
four had been discharged as either
cured or sufficiently convalescent TO
permit Of their leave taking.
To date. EST have BEEN taken in.
while 154 have been dismissed. lcav-
ing 42S still In the institution.
In order to handle emergency calls
incident to the influenza epidemic,
tho city health department win again
observe weekday hours today from
10 A. N. to r. Al.
With the number Of patients being
discharged steadily sxcesding the
ID tltHH
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-10-20
h Waning Hours of
Drive Citizens Grow
Enthusiastic and
Bury Bonds.
initial Notes Stir | .atent
Emotion In Breasts of
Patriots and Money
Flows Swiftly to Help
Brave Boys m France.

Hammermg away IN the
greatest days work in the
history Of any liberty loan
campaign, Richmond yes
tsriay rolled up q sub
sziption Of 1886, 100 in
IAN hours time to the
'@fghting fourth loan,
and closed the drive with
total bond sales of ST.
COS. 600-an oversubscrip-
ton Of more than $1,000
900. This overyubscription
more than offsets the sub
scriptions Of banks. Fol-
lowing closely in the steps
Of this city, the state of
Virginia and the fifth fed
eFal reserve district like
wiss exceeded their quotas
iust before the close Of the
0R1npa10n.
Richm0nd's wonderful
showing In tho ssle Of "vic-
tory" bonds brought forth
great praise last night
from bankers. whose most
rosy expectations had been
exceeded by the great re-
sponse of the city's loyal
people. The passage Of the
ctty's quota at 10 o'clock
On Thursday morning add
Cd 70 the great drive which
opened on September %
and continued without a
momsut's let-up until mid
night hast night. Banks re-
manned open late yester-
day, while bond statesmen
worked late into the night
On tho streets OF the city,
these sales remaining nm
fabulated last night.
Wonderful Work Of
Women.
Wonderful work in the
drive WIS done by the wo-
man m Richmond, who
made sales aggregating
@,706, 100, it was an
n0unced last night by Mrs.
w. u. Habliston. These
AgmeA however, were in
complete and did not IN
dude certain sales that
were made yesterday and
last night. Sales among
members Of the Women's
Munition reserve aggre-
gated SIS, 800, according
70 q report from Mrs.