davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-02-20
Gen. Rawlinson
Chief Aid to Hoi9
In So1nn7e Battle

Major General Sir Henry Seymour
Rawlinson, the new British military
representative in the Supreme War
Council at Versailles. was right-hand
man to General Hag IN the Somme Of
fensive His strategy inclined at chat
time to the policy of constant pound
ing, wearing down the German resist
ance by attrition until at some point
the line should break.
Undoubtedly the German line on the
West front can be broken" General
Rawlnson said shortly after the Somme
battle "The Allies will keep pressing
simultaneously on ali fronts until at
some point the enemy gives way"
Rawlinson's first campaign was in the
Burmah War, when he won the medal
and clasp. serving with the mounted
cavalry. This was shortly after he en-
tered the army in 1884 as an officer of
the Goth Rifles. Following the Burmese
campaign he was aide decamp to Sir
Frederick Roberts, then commander in
chief in India.
Returning to England in 1889. he en-
tered the Staff College. and in 1892 was
transferred to the Coldstream Guards.
son was aide de camp to Kitchener,
fighting at Atbara and Khartoum, and
being decorated for gallantry and twice
mentioned in the dispatches.
In the South African war General
Rawlinson won more laurels. He was
at the siege of Ladysmith. and after a
period of service at the South African
Headquarters commanded the Scle-
brated mobile column.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-20
Threatens Reprisals Unless
Manchurian Border Is
Reopened
British Warned
Food Ban Must End
Bolsheviki Attribute En-
barge to Anglo-Ameri-
can Pressure

LONDON. Feb. 19.-Thc Russian
Council Of Commissares, according to
q dispatch from Petrograd to the Ex-
change Telegraph Company, has in
structed Maxim Litvinoff, the Bolshc-
vik representative in London, to lodge
2 protest with Great Britain against
the closing of the Manchurian border
and the prohibition on the export Of
cargo and foodstuffs into Russia. The
Council, it is said, regards the fore
going restrictions as having been taken
under Anglo-Amercan pressure.
Should Great Britain and America
rt fuse to countermand the above order,
it is added, the Russian Council will
apply repressive measures against the
citizens and subjects of Entente Allied
countries resident in Russia.
The protest is believed here to refer
to the action taken by the Chinese
government following the recent disor-
ders at Harbin.
The Chinese legation at Petrograd,
replying to protest filed with it by
the Bolsheviki, advised the Russian
government on February Ia that China
had not seized Harbin, as had been re-
ported, because Harbin had always
been a Chinese city; that China was
merely carrying out her treaty obliga-
tions by policing the Russian railway
zone. keeping order and protecting the
railway employees, railway property and
passengers Of all nationalities against
injury
The protest made by Allied and neu-
tral diplomatic representatives against
the repudiation Of Russia's national
tebt by the Bolshevik government. For
cign Minister Trotzky intimated to the
Central Executive Committee of the
All-Russian Workmen's and Soldiers
Congress Thursday night, according to
Petrograd dispatch of Friday date,
indicated silent understanding with
German imperialists.
He said:
The protest of all the ambassadors
against the nulltication of loans locks
around us ring of international i'm
peralsts.'
The protest presented to Foreign,
Minister Trotzky by the diplomats
reads:
"In order to avert all misunderstand
ms III we iuCuTe, tne representatives
~ Petrograd of all foreign powers de-
clare that they consider the DEGREES on
the subject of the reputation of the
Russian national debt, the confiscation
OF property of all sorts and other an
alogous measures as without value mas
much as they concern their nationals.
and the said representatives reserve to
themselves the right to claim at any
hour they desire from the Russian
government damages for all losses
which the DEGREES and measures nut
upon their nationals"
The diplomatic corps drafted the
protest at meeting in the American n
embassy. 1t was signed by the ambas
sadors from the United States, japan.
France. Spain. Great Britain and Italv
and the ministers from Belgium. China.
Portugal, Switzerland. Sweden, Nor,
way, Denmark. Holland, Brazil, Argen-
tina' Greece, Serbia and Persia. These
are all the nations represented in
Petrograd
New-York tribune., 1918-02-20

ment is designed to replace the Cos
sack government fostered by General
kaledine and will move to Novo-Tcher
kask when the Bosheviki have taken
it, it is stated.
A telegram received by the Russian
official news agency from Vladikavkaz,
an important military station in Sis
caucasia, says:
"Civil war in Northern Caucasus has
ended. The leaders of the Council Of
Workmen's and Soldiers delegates
have reached complete agreement
with the local population, which has
been promised a large measure of ma
tional autonomy.
"ln the Don region only fifteen of
the hundred mines are working. No
coal is being sent out"
Denial is made in a statement issued
by the official news agency that Polish
troops have captured Mohilcv and
seized Ensign Krylenko, the Bolshevik
commander in chief. This report is
described as masterpiece Of German
invention.
The Bolshevik government has issued
ar order to all householders that they
must Immediately report the names Of
all subjects of the Central Powers liv-
ing on their property. especially all
able-bodied prisoners of war, who will
be concentrated at definite centres
The Bolshevik authorities have or
dered all the members OF the Ukrain-
ian Central Rada and the Ukrainian
delegates to the Brcst-Litovsl< peace
conference, including Chairman .Ho-
Iubowicz, arrested and tried for trea-
son to the people. Some of those
affected by this order have been ar
rested at Kiev, while others fed to
Berdichev.
Official agency dispatches report
Odessa resembling military camp.
Fierce fighting occurred there on three
consecutive days, it is stated The de-
feated Ukrainians are said to have oc-
cupied the railway station and forti-
fed themselves. Renewed fighting Of
desperate character then began, in
which the ships in the harbor joined,
firing shells of large calbre. The vic
TINS, it is declared. numbered 400, in
Guiding the commander of the Eighth
Army Corps
New-York tribune., 1918-02-20

essential that each of the representa-
tves should be in most intimate touch
with h1s own War Office; he must
know about man power, morale, medi
cal equipments, shipping and foreign
office matters
1t was also felt that there were
serious constitutional objections to an
inter Allied body coming to decision
affecting the British army. The council
fully examined and discussed this pro-
posal, and, he added, it must be re-
membered that all the various repre-
sentatives. civil and military, were
there. with the exception Of the italian
commander in chief. On examination
the proposal completely broke down
and was rejected as unworkable.
One of the reasons for the continu-
Gus sessions at Versailles was not
merely because they had to take de-
clslons. but because they should be con
stantly comparing notes and discussing
the situation from day to day.
Council Plan Rejected
"A council Of the chiefs of staff" said
the Premier, "involved the creation of
another body, conflicting with the YER
salles council. The moment we began
an examination, It became clear that
the functions which the executive body
were to exercise could not properly be
performed by the chiefs of staff in
various capitals. If the chiefs of staff
stayed in Paris their governments
would be deprived for long periods Of
the advice Of their principal military
advisers. For that reason the Supreme
War Council rejected the proposal with
complete unanimity
~ think I am right in saying that
the proposal was withdrawn Then it
was suggested by NJ. Clemenceau that
it was desirable for us to separate and
for each delegation to think out plan
OF its own. 1t is very remarkable that
meeting separately and considering the
matter quite independently, we should
have returned the following morning
with exactly the same proposal. And
that proposal is the proposal which
now holds the field"
The Premier then made the remarks
already quoted praising the American
proposals, and continues:
Field Marshal Haig called attention
to two points which we realized wert
weak points, and we undertook to pu
New-York tribune., 1918-02-20

at Brest-Litovsk. The view often has
been expressed that Germany had
peace less in mind than tc secure pos
session of what WAS valuable IN kus-
sia. and that the temporizing attstud"
toward the Rolsheviki would be main
tanned only until the moment she
awaited had arrived.
The manner in which Germany played
OF the Ukraine against the Bolshevik'
IS regarded as characteristic exam
pie of German diplomatic traditions
IL is felt that the Ukrainian call for
German help has been issued ut Ger
niany's instigation to give her a plau-
siblc pretext of taking advantage of
the anarchy there in. order to gain
control of the natural resources of the
Ukraine.
In any case, Germany's action is re-
garded as mere sharp practice. though
it also is regarded as the inevitable
consequence OF the amazing chaos to
which Russia has been reduced Through
the lack of a leader strong enough to
guide the revolutionary outburst.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-20

tive Of any other country. When Gen
eral Robertson came to the conclusion
that under the conditions laid down
he could not accept either position the
government with the deepest regret
found itself bound to go on without
him.
1--WE had to choose between policy
deliberately and unanimously arrived
AT by the representatives OF the Allied
Powers" explained the Premier. and
retiring the services Of distinguished
and valued public servant. When it
came to a policy Of such magnitude
we were bound to stand by the ar
rangemcnt we had come to with our
Allies
"If the policy is right, no person
alites should stand in the way Of It's
execution. however valuable and dis
tnguished. 1t is not the policy Of
this government, but of the great allied
governments in concert. There is abb
solutely no difference between our
policy and the policy of France. Italy
and America in this respect"
Immediately after Mr.. Lloyd George
concluded his speech former Premier
Asquith arose and expressed the wish
that the Premier's address had been
made week ago.
He said there was a certain amount
of disquiet in the public mind through
the enforced withdrawal Of Admiral
Jellicoe and General Robertson and
that the country would hardly feel COM
pcnsated by the fact that the Secretary
Of War, Lord Derby, remained at White
hall and that the conduct Of propaganda
had been intrusted to Lord Beaver
brook.
He added that he would do nothing
to embarrass the government, but he
said he felt that in the best interest
Of the country and the 'cause criticism
in Parliament should not be silenced.
J. Austen Chamberlain denounced re-
cent press attacks as deplorable, cow
ardly and ungentlemanly. The War Of
flee had failed to observe the rule of
secrecy Of the other departments. The
functions Of government and press, he
declared, could not be combined in one
person, and three newspaper owners
were associated with the administra-
ton. No man could conduct a cam
paign in his paper contrary to the gov
ernment policy and remain loyal to the
government.
The Premier and his government, said
Mr.. Chamberlain, had unnecessarily
surrounded themselves by an atmos-
phere of suspicion and distrust.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-20

an ascendancy at Petrograd and the
effect such y situation would have upon
the Far Eastern question.
The Scandinavian countries also would
be profoundly affected by the signing
of peace between Russia and the Cen
tral Powers. it WAS said. The suprem-
acy of Germany in Russia, which would
be one OF the consequences flowing
from such a peace. one diplomat or
wide experience stated, might be fol
lowed by new German policy respect
ing the Scandinavian countries, up
setting the agreements entered into
tween the Allied Powers and America,
on the one hand and Sweden, Norway
and Denmark on the other.
Francis Confirms Report
The State Department has received
confirmation from ambassador Fran
els at Petrogard OF the report that the
Bolshevik government has refused to
recognize the peace signed by the
the Central Powers and their allies.
Ambassador Francis also mentions the
Fact that the Bolshevik element in the
Ukraine is strong.
information received in diplomatic
circles gave rise to a report to-day that
Germany and AUSTRIA Hungary were
endcavoring to convince the Ukraine
Rada that it was to the interest of the
new state to enter into an alliance with
the Berlin and Vienna governments
for defensive purposes. The object Of
the Central Empires in seeking such
an alliance, it was stated, would be
primarily economic, and only sec
ondarily POLITICAL
1t was believed to be the desire Of
Germany and Austria so to organize
Southern Russia, or the Ukraine terri
torres. as to make them contribute to
the economic needs of the entire Teu-
tonic alliance
New-York tribune., 1918-02-20
Rumania Joins Ukraine
In War Against Bolsheviki

PETROGRAD, Feb. II (DelayedO.- -
Rumania has perfected an alliance with
the Ukraine government opposed to
the Bolshevik, and joint army, in
cluding some Russian officers and bat
talions and several Ukrainian regi-
batchef. it is indicated by dispatches
received here.
These troops have occupied Kishinev,
the capital of Bessarabia, but have
been driven out of Tiraapol, on the
Dniester, by Bolshevik forces.
The Rumanian cruiser squadron is
reported to have rebelled and joined
the Russian Bolshevik. A number of
revolving Rumanians were executed at
the order of General Stcherbatchef.
1t is reported that the Bolshcvik
evolutionary tribunal arrested M,
Pantasi, chief of the Rumanian mis-
sion to the Bolshevik lines. and three
Rumanian military agents. The mem
living i'll Odessa attempted fight, but
were detained 1t is proposed by the
revolutionaries to conhscatc Rumanian
property.
General Aexicff. defeated at Rostov
and Voronesh, has fled to Novo-Tchcr-
kask. in the Don Territory.
During the recent bloody events in
kicv the Metropolitan Vladimir and
General lvanoff, former commander on
the Russian southwestern front, were
killed The Metropolitan was slain by
robbers who called at his home de-
manding money. When the Metropol-
ten told them he had no funds the
robbers dragged him from the house
and murdered him.
The Bolsheviki apparently are gain
ing ground rapidly in the Ukraine and
IN the Don region. Dispatches from
many points indicate that soldiers re-
turning from the front are joining the
Bolshevik forces in sufficient numbers,
it is believed here, to make their con
guest of Southern Russia possible.
From the Don Cossacks they have
wrested control Of their best coal field.
A Bolshcvik Don Republic has been
organized at Tcherkask with NJ. Ser
gyef as Prime Minister. This govern
New-York tribune., 1918-02-20
Coordination Was
Keynote of Decision
In War Council

The official summary of the re-
suits of the recent Supreme War
Council session at Versailles, oiuen
ont IN Paris February 3. contained
the follo1Ving:
"The decisions taken by the Supreme
war Council embrace not only
a general military policy to be carried
out by the Allies in all the principal
theatres of the war, but. more particu-
larly, closer and more effective co.
ordination, under the council, of all
the efforts Of the powers engaged in
the struggle against the Central En-
pires.
"The functions of the council itself
were enlarged and the principles of
UNITY of policy and action initiated at
Rapallo in November last received sill
further concrete and practical develop
ment. On all these questions COM
piete agreement was arrived at after
the fullest discussion with regard to
both the policy to be pursued and to
the measures for its execution.
Under the circumstances, the Su-
Pie"ic war COuncll decided that the
only immediate task before them Law
IN the prosecution of the war with the
utmost vigor and the closest and r,ost
effective cooperation of the military
effort of the Allies until such time a :
the pressure of that effort shall have
brought about in the enemy govern
ments and peoples change of temper
which would justify the hope of the
conclusion OF peace on terms which
would not involev the abandonment. in
the face Of an aggressive and uAre
pentent militarism, of all the princi-
Piles of freedom, justice and respect for
the law Of nations which the Allies are
resolved to vindicate"
New-York tribune., 1918-02-20
. aledine a Suicide
AS His Government
Decides to Resign

pETROGRAD, Feb. is. - General
kaledine, hetman of the Don Cossacks,
committed suicide at Novo Tcherkask,
headquarters of the Don Cossacks, dur
ing session of the Novo Tcherkask
government which he attended The
government decided to resign and
transfer its power to the local Work
mems and Soldiers Council. After the
decision General Kaledine went to an
adjoining room and shot himself
General Nazaroff, who succeeded Cen
eral Kaledine as leader of the Don Cos
sacks, ordered the immediate mobiliza-
ton and arming of all Cossacks to fight
the Bolshevik troops advancing towarc
Novo Tcherkask.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-20
Danish Reports Say
Lenine, Ouerthro.Un,
Has Fled Petrograd

LONDON, Feb. 10. Rumors are cur
rent in Nasa that the Bolshevik gov
ernmcnt in Petrograd has been over
thrown by the Social Rcvolutionists,
under the leadership Of NJ. Tchernoff.
according to the correspondent there
of the "Politiken." Of Copenhagen. says
dispatch to the Exchange Telegraph
Company. Nikolai Lenine and Leon
Trotzky arc said to have escaped to
New-York tribune., 1918-02-20
British Premier
Explains Shift in
ArmyLeadership
Continued from page |

supreme military adviser to the gov
efhment. tie was to accompany the
ministers to meetings Of the Supreme
War Council as their adviser. and to
have the right to visit France to con-
suit with any and all military repre-
sentatives. The Premier said that that
meant that the representative at Yer
sailles must have perfect freedom to
discuss and recommend plans. If the
Commander in Chief did pot approve
them, or if there was any difference of
New-York tribune., 1918-02-20
Finnish White Guard
Is Cornered by Reds

PETROGRAD. Feb. 10.-The Finnish
White Guard has been cornered TO the
north of the Gulf Of Bothnia, leaving
in the hands of the Reds the towns of
Tavastchus, Tammerfors and Vilppula,
as we'll as other strategic points. A
general engagement is expected on the
line of Vilppula-k llomiaki.
The Viborg line has fallen into the
hands Of the Reds. Near Vilmanstrand
the White Guard has been defeated and
has retreated eastward.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-20
Plague of Iyphus
Spreads in Petrograd

LONDON. Feb. 10. The Dali
News" has a dispatch from Petrograt.
dated February 13, reporting typhus
spreading in that city, with so per cent
of the cases fatal. The epidemic was
attributed to starvation conditions and
the return of soldiers whose clothing
presumably carried the germs of in
fection.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1918-09-20
Buy Early Dainty Wash Blouses
Priced S9.4J

\ ne" shipment just unrackcd. ana
our buyers advise thai they will b" th"
last to feature at this price. the same
Waist lu--r will cost Won not less 'llhr
$500. Why not BUY EARLY?
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1918-09-20
Buy Early New Silk Petticoats
In COIOrS at %4.15 and Sj.3j

tumn season. You car easily Srlcc, any
color to ,Aatch your ou,er garments from
this inn,'-lSe lot Tie saving is easily
from $ 80 10 500 if You Buy EAltlN.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1918-09-20
CHOICE $4.95.
100 HATS

The advanced buyin. opportunity o:
the season is this feature of ONE III ~
DRIED attractive and authentic pattern
and model Hats that will attract the az
tentiOn oi economical, yet fashionable
women throughout the coming week.
Don't wait until after he lot is picked Ov-
er: BUY EARLY. Tomorrow. or Mex Day
or Next.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1918-09-20
Special Feature in Skirts of Silk
Priced $3.50. $3.50. %14.SJ

ThrOu. hout the week we will feature
three dis inct lots of the seasons newes'
skirts in fancy and solid color silks. a.
prices wEich represent a, le"s, 70 PEI
cent uni.r actual value three lots. ~
$3.50, S3.S1. and xll.~J.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1918-09-20
Footwear Featured This

Black Military \ Shoe Tor solid
ease and comfort Always drrssy.
Special her" for only $500
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1918-09-20

: golden brown !:oOr of glaS" kid,
.l.Xihl" we'll sol" d"cid"dly military
iM n" S!,O" section at Dn-
~ 800
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1918-09-20

Compare these Suits
and Dresses with any on
tOday'S market that are
priced S21.50; then you
will readily appreciate
what il means ~ BUY
EARLY" at the PER-
kI\S STORE. We will
not again offer such
tempting values this
season.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1918-06-14
Claims to Have Been Attacked.

A foreigner giving his name as Mike
Plokstes and his home as Manchester.
n. H., was found beside the Rutland
railroad track at North Clarendon
about four miles south of Rutland bv
section gang. He had long cut on
his forehead, and claims to have been
attacked by some unknown person whe
struck him over the head with a stick
rendering him unconscious. According
to Plokstes he must have lain in semi
comatose state all night as he was
struck down about dusk and it was
nearly daylight when he regained his
senses. His soaked clothing showed that
he had been out through the night s
rain.
He said that he had been working as
a laborer here and had started to walk
a part of the distance to Manchester.
N. H., where he has family, not hav-
ing sufficient money to pay his fare the
whole distance. He was walking the
track when attacked Plokstes was
taken to Rutland. The poor department
will assist him.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1918-06-14
Cited for Bravery.

Mrs. Ray E. Smith of Rutland has re-
-ceived news that her husband, Lieut.
Smith, had been cited for bravery for
the part he played in the battle of
Seicheprey. DIR. Smith cared for driv-
ers of his ambulance train under ter
rife bombardment and later, for several
hours, assisted in a dressing station
which was blown into ruins about the
surgeons and the wounded over whom
they were working, one room only hav-
ing the walls and roof left and those
broken by shells. Before the dressing
station was transferred to a point far
Their to the rear the Germans entered
the basement of the ruins and the medi
cal unit members were obliged to fight
hand to hand with the Germans fol
their lives and those of their wounded
The Huns were finally driven out and
the station was safely transferred, BY
some miracle none of the doctor IS com
/, rades having been seriously injured.