davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19
RHINOW, 5Y OST,t RAHN
ARRIVE IN BEMIDJl
X ~ n w ~ i,fNS r 2 sg7'l7l ~ z
a(Continued. from page u.

CONTINUED, from page, y. d
the Fourth Minnesota infantry: sta.
toned at, Bemidji. ". a: q -.
Two seven passenger cars5sssirpqe
the party to the Markham hotel
where breakfast was served:. fteI
which they were taken faronnd atfie
lake, stopping at Birchmont sfnd
both Of the lumber mills Of *the
Crookston Lumber company.
.tCan,t a fellow come to this town
without the whole city turning
out ?n3 tul,ueried Major Yost5 as he step;
ned or the train. "They. certainly
do things here, and. it doesn't mat
ter whether It is in the middle OF the
night, you'll find them always on the
job, general, was Major Yost' Ere
mark to General RhinOW. &
Both officers were delighte ID witt
the trip around heSlake and asyisit
through the mills. They were sim
ply amazed with the beauties sur
rounding Lake Bemid jill and the ac-
tivity- shown by the citizens. r..
So-taken up with this city was
General Rhinow that he promised
w. T. Robinson, president Of the
Commercial club, to spend a weeks
vacation at Birchmont this summer.
.'I'll1 be here i, the latter part Of
.Junezor the fore part Of July,,"said
the general. %@@45 &&#
Those who accompanied the dis
tingufshed guests on the trip were
c. Listed, Captain Thomas. Swim
son, Captain franklin, H. g. Mitch
ell, Sergeant Clarence Foucault,' E.
H. Denu, Dr.: e. M. Palmer. Mayor
Vandersluis, W. Z.2Robinson and G.
w. Harnwell dined with the party
this noon and escorted them to. the
train They left for Duluth over the
Great Northern road.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

are. hundreds Of ousan,dls Of
men, women > and little children
who cam no longer, raise = their:
hands u defense oftheir country.
. We say We live in free land. But
DIR freedom today stands or falls with
the success or failure Of our boys who
are fighting for .~., =.
That we may halt the Huns in their
mad war Of conquest, our GOVERNMENT
needs Billions Of Dollars IN the Third
Liberty Loan. Every hand5in thesland
must give. Every dollar which is not
being.used for necessities, must ring,the
Liberty Bell. The man or woman Who
does not buy his or her share Of Third
Liberty Loan Bonds hasnoright to the
Liberty he Or she now enjoys. r
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19
STATE is POWERLESS TO r5ggF
S:Ea!S'i STOP BOUT" BURNQUIST
,y-gt -7 - - 9 s 3:N

: ~
st. Paul, April 10. - Governor J. "A.
"A. Burnqnist has indicated that he
does not purpose to interfere with
plans for the Willard Fulton cham
pionship fight In the midway July 4,
provided state laws are complied
with. ig&.
$50 far as the governor iss, in
volved," he said, "the only auth
ority is to see that the provisions
of the law are met. So could not
do anything in this case" IS ~
~ The Subject was suggested to the
governor following reports that wo-
mems. and 1other organizations plan
ned to oppose staging the champion
ship battle; in Minnesota, but he in
dicated that no formal protests had
been received at his office. a.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19
CARD OF THANKS

We. wish to thank our friends and
neighbors who SO kindly assisted us
during the sickness and death Of our
dear boy. We also wish to express
our sincere appreciation for the many
beautifulrsforal offerings. We wish
tozthank the mill boys and John Lar
son; George Dyer, Tom Keene and
Roy Hovey whose never firing pres
ence by the sickbed frightened our
dear boys last. hours. IN .t.-st
- Mr.. and Mrs. James O. Grady
r I and Family,
II john Sealos, s'N q s.z'
. Mrs. Tim McManus, 49, I'd
= . Mrs. H. Schussman. -,
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19
PREUS IS EXPECTED. TO- ...- I:
- ASK FOR RECONCILIATION

st:=Paul, April 19.-state Auditor
J. 40. Preus, having announced
definitely his decision to keep out of
the race for congress in the fifth dis
trict,@is expected to file in a few
days-for denomination as state au-
ditor-on the republican ticket. ~
His statement declining to run for
congress, it is said, may lead to other
filings, in addition. to three who al
readY1-havef entered the republican
race against Ernest Lundeen, Can
didates who have filed are Senator
William A. Campbell, Peter J. Young
oakland Representative =. w. ID.
Washburn. ~. r. W.: 2;
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19
QUICK RELIEF
!. FROM CONSTIPATION
Get Dr.. Edwards Olive Tablets

That is the joyful cry sof thousands
since Dr.. Edwards reduced Olive Tablets
the substitute for calomel. s
d.. Edwards, practicing physician fol
II years and calomel's old.time enemy
discovered the formula for Olive Tablets
while treating patients for chronic con-
stipation and torpid livcrs. .-''t%',s .ss ,s: 3.
S Dr.. Z dWardos Olive Tablets do moi
contain calo1nel, but a healing, soothing
vegetable laxative. - r.: sa%i:.
u, No gripping is the t1eynote" Of these
little sugar-cocted, oNve-cclored tablets
They cause the bowels and liver to- ACT
normally. They never force them t.
unnatural action. ...751 !.
If you have dark brown mouth" now.
and then - bad breath dull, tired
feeling sick headache torpid liver and
are constipated, you'll find quick, sure and
only pleasant: results from one or two lit,
tie DR.. Edwards. Olive Tablets at bedtime
= Thousands take one or two every night
lust to keep right. Try them. 1Oc and
Csc per box. Z, All druggists. :, s:s.,, .1
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19
ALLIANCE QUITS. GIVES q
FUNDS TO RED CROSS

81 Milwaukee,, April 10 The !: Wis
.consin German American alliance has
disbanded and turned over its funds,
amounting to $3.50, to the Red Cross,
The society has been one Of the
states most powerful German-Amer-
lean societies. It's president, Lee
Stern, is assistant superintendent OF
schools In Milwaukee. dissolution OF
the wisconsin branch follows simil.
ar actioHsgaken by the national ex-
ecutive commit tse s0f the alliance.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19
NO MORE ARMY CHAPLAINs

Washington, April ,19.--The war
department has enough chaplains in
the service and on. its eligible list
for all present needs, it is nnounced,
and no more applications will be ac-
copied. More clergymen have ap-
lied for service than the army could
use. ss.sy . . S.3 II .| s:iz M yl.. I.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19
LIGHTS MATCH. TO SEE .
- GASOLINE I'm sTRAGTOR

JAMESTOWN N. D., April 19 Os-
car Moxn ess. farmer living near
here, was badly burned when he at
tempted I'd learn the amount ofEgaso-
line in the tank Of his gas tractor
by lighting Ia match and peering i'm
to the tank. He is recovering at; ii
local hospital.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

~. ~ ANOTHER DAY added s .g
Word was received here today that
the Winnipeg Riddles would also ap-
pear in BemidI Tuesday, matinee
and night. as well as the announced
date Wednesday next.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19
:: GERMANS AGAIN RIOT
lRy limited Press

:. .---71- Vby UHIL6U TISSSJ ~ \ =
Amsterdam, April 19.--It a was
learned sofficially here. that another
mutinys occurred in Germany. at the
military camp Of Beverloo, when the
Germans were ordered, to the front.
Many soldiers were shot. The trou--
BILE continues. -sa$%
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19
MOTORIZED TO BEM1Du

-MO1VhGU IL OAM41u!
George H. Baer of Frazee is here,
for a brief visit with his brother
in-laW, H. Z.gMitchell, editor of the
Sentinel. Mr.. Baer made the trip
by motor. -: ,t'<. r zl,'T'
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

livery hand in the land owes
Il duty; to; the Liberty Bell:
The principles Of Liberty. and
Justice4which our fathers fought
for Ia 1916 have been. attacked.
The, German Kaiser himself
Has written: ~ am dreaming a
dream Of a Germa Il w orld
Empire-and .my@nai2easlfsf stall
5ucGeed.''};l,)#%1 ~. No. Il I
'NAlready his horde of sglf-styled
Huns has spread over the lands
of. five nations. And wherever
it has gone it has left .desolation.
In those nations today there
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19
THRIFT STAMP DAY

May /, 1918, will be observ-
/. ed as Thrift Stamp Day. On
~ that day stores everywhere
will ask their customers to !
Ii take part Of their change In II
Thrift Stamps.
5s1rts,The first of May
- 3 s'Thrift Stamp Day s..4
e. In the U. s. A.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

FOR RENT-One furnished room for
light housekeeping. S18 Irvine
Ave. 2-420
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

FOR RENT-Furnished rooms for
light housekeeping Phone 14S-
w. 3-419
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

WANTED-To rent or buy. five or
six-room house, with city water.
Must not be too far from business
district. Address TX Y z" Pho
gneer. q 323tf
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

Notice today's Want Ads, back page.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

FOR RENT-Home in good loca-
ton. Good we'll. Large shed.
Big garden plot. Phone 361-W.
6-d22
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

LOST AND FOUND
LOST-Automobi top dust hood
Finder return to Pioneer for re-
ward 2-419
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

FOR SALE Neat 5-room cottage;
r. Phone %391-W. - - - TX. GAPS.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

FOR RENT-Three strictly modern
Phone 434W. 3-422
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

81 4 FOR RENT =
FOR RENT-6-room modern house,
hardwood floors, located I'LL Doud
Ave. Wish to rent it for year to
good party, $500 per month, 10
per cent discount if rent paid for
year in advance. \. T.. Carlson
1-419
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

FOR SALE -Hous ehold goods. 1907
Bennidjf Ave-. Phone 76-J: 81 81 US
1850: !, ' H. **sz.$5sssa: M 4.42D
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

FOR RENT--SeVen-room house, mod
ern. 613 3rd st. Tel. 90. G. w.
Warfielu. 328tf
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19
Want A|D.||' !. DEPT
FOR SAVE.

FOR. SALE OR RENT urnlshed:6 g.
room house. large porch Il aIso type
FOR sale.4 1237 Dewey Ave.
Phone1 III ~ X; 49, s H. $$;s &; 425=
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

FOR SALE, TRADE OR RENT ---A a.
& I: Hotel. Will consider land orr
timber, .stumpage~ in exchange.
Emory Jarvis, anymore, Mimi !
II ~. +:'''a7F ~: f'*f'~'2i 6-42O
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

FOR sALECHEAPoRFoR RENT
-Four room cottage, with 5 acres Of
- ground 1Mas't lbsw tars9A phone
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

FOR SALE OR TRADE-Two head
v block carriage dumBerl saw mill
and steam engine complete. Aug
~ ust SNedberg, Randen, MINI :"
-. i,c,n xf.at,ss y no ~ IL Ot,419
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

FOR SAEEr-Motor boat in :. good
& n shape, IS. IT,. long,, and two-stall
- boat house in good condition. A..
81. Collard, '406 MINI. Ave. 413tf
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-04-19

FOR sALE77FFlslXIro i'm HOUSE, Modern
except heat, after June 1, easy
terms. 1908 America Aye..f Tel,
~9S. C. W. Warfield. 328tf
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1918-10-26
SHIELD FOR CHIFFON SLEEVES
Protection Need Not Be oIshsurins or
Conspicuous u Made From
Fine Material.

Have you ever had any difficulty
with your sheer chiffon and georgette
sleeves drawing and wearing into
holes across the upper forearmsl Or
perhaps you have been afraid to risk
the danger Of their doing this very
thing. and for that reason have de-
MED yourself the pleasure and salts
faction of putting transparent sleeves
In your silk and serge frocks. In
either event, you viii be glad to know
Of a simple little device which Is q
sure proof against this particular form
Of annoyance and waste.
The beauty Of q transparent sleeve
Is the lovely soft line It gives the
shoulder Of q blouse, and so its whole
object would be entirely refuted were
any bulky sort OF lining made for It.
But, as In most cases, 1t absolutely
refuses to stand the strain Of wear I'M
aided; something must be done to re-
enforce II. This can be done very
easily. and almost invisibly, by cut
ting q shield-like shape from some soft
and pliable material such as indie
structible chiffon or china silk, and
fastening II into the armhole under
the sleeve and across the upper part
Of the arm. Then the transparent ma
terial Of the sleeve Is tackled lightly to
the lower edges Of this piece, thus re-
moving all strain from the shoulder to
the middle Of the forearm. As this
Is the very area In which the greatest
strain is applied, the use Of this little
device win ensure just about twice
as long period Of wear for the sleeyec
thus safeguarded. And the shield pro-
lection need not be at all disfguring
or conspicuous II 1t Is made from fine
enough material Of Just the right
shade. and set in carefully without
drawing or pulling.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1918-10-26
NO FITTED LINING
Stralghtune, one-Plece Frock
for Fall Wear. 2 r7:.s
Plan a. censtrpetion Of This Dress
Greatly sImpllHes the Work Of
the Home DressmaIeer.

Paris designers have recommended
and introduced the straight-line one
piece frock Of wool fabric, made with
out lining. and American designers
have accepted and approved the gar
ment. Very attractive frocks are
fashioned on these lines for fall. en-
ploying serge or wool Jersey, or II for
very early fall wear, satin or some Of
the heavy corded silks or SILK erepes.
Dresses OF this type have much to
commend them. They may be clipped
on very quickly-in fact, some OF the
Paris designers have christened them
~dress-in-a-hurry" frocks. The efmln-
alton Of q fitted lining sirnpllnes the
work Of the home dressmaker:
The sketch illustrates q very grace
ful smart frock that may be made
without lining. Either navy serge or
satin may be used for the frock Prop
er. with girdle Of self-fabric or Of black
velvet, and vest and collar Of white
satin or heavy white crepe. This col
lar may be worn open, or, as the small
sketch indicates, IL may be buttoned
over so that the throat n covered and
protected.
For the early fall days there Is none
smarter than q dress Of this type. A
handsome fur scarf, q chic little hat
and correct gloves and shoes COM
plete the picture.
The back Of the dress 10 entirely
plain, scant gathers holding II In at
the waistline. The skirt should not
measure more than a yard and q half
or a yard and three-quarters at the
most.
The hat shown In the sketch has its
crown covered with black velvet, and
the brim is fashioned Of overlapping
sections Of heavy navy grosgraln rib
bon. The hats for fall display many
feather "fancies" In trimmings, snd
short, curled ostrich plumes or tips
will be strongly featured on hats Of
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1918-10-26
one-Piece LInInaIess Dress.

medium or large size. The small tai
lored affairs. designed for wear with
suits or with one-pIece tailored dresses,
are rather small
Many millinery dealers made an
earnest effort this year to discourage
the wearing Of velvet hats In August,
and many handsome satin and faille
silk hats were offered as a substitute,
but women appear to have firmly
placed their seal Of approval upon fur
scarfs and velvet hats. and their In
sistent demand for them eompels mill
liners to supply the demand.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1918-10-26
coy, ARTISTIC LIVING ROOM
sunshIny, Floor Covered With Neutral
Gray Filler Carpet, Walls Blue,
Woodwork White.

One Of the most beautiful living
rooms the writer has ever seen, OBJ
serves q correspondent, was a bright,
smshiny one, with floor covered with
q neutral gray filler carpet. The walls
were In plain old blue, the woodwork
white. The dull brick fireplace. with
the white overmantei, and the built-in
book shelves, were quite noticeable
features In the room and decidedly
helped the colonial furniture.
For there was q mahogany gateleg
table In the center Of the room, large
armchair and wan chair with q rush
seat.
A huge wing armchair upholstered
In rose and blue chintz was drawn ND
TO the fireplace. and seemed to dom
mate the room.
The ehintz was repeated In the side
drapes at the windows. And the
beauty Of II Is that q room Ike this Il
within the reach OF almost anyonei
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1918-10-26
TO USE THE SMALL FEATHERS
Ostrich Tips Now Being Worked Up
Autobiography on Stunning New
Fall Millinery.

Almost every woman has put away
In her scrap box OF millinery odds and
ends number Of small ostrich tips.
not handsome enough to be used a.
q hat trimming In the ordinary way,
but almost too good to be thrown
away. One always plans to have such
feathers made over into something
sometime-and this Is just the time.
One Of the stunning new millinery
models Of early autumn Is q big hat
Of black velvet, with large. crushed
velvet crown gathered at one side UNI
dsr.a gold rose which seems to hold
the folds OF velvet In position. The
wide velvet brim Is edged with q black
and-gold cord and under the brim is q
facing a pale bisque georgette over
white satin.
Small black ostrich feathers are an
pliqued to this facing, radiating from
the Inside Cor head size) Of the hat,
20 the outer edge Of the brim. A num-
Der Of small feathers could be dyed
black and used In 3 way with very
good effect.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1918-10-26
NEW KIND OF TAM IN ERMINE
Aids Materially In TriekInu Out an
Old Gown to Do Service Dur.
Ing Early Autumn.

The woman who Is looking for smart
hats to trick out with bravery an old
gown for the early autumn should ask
for a certain kind Of tam In white er-
mine, which Is considered very smart
In certain selected circles. Il II
copied In fine white angora and In
silk plush. and Il worn by Paris wom-
en- with dark gowns that have white
collars. 1t Is guiltless Of trimming and
fits closely around the head, then goes
out into a symmetrical crown, which
Il not crushed. but retains its stifr
lines. It Is worn without q veil.
There are notifications Of this hat
that look somewhat Ike the bearskin
caps Of the Grenadiers. These sinister
looking caps which were created IN
the old Roman days to terrify the en-
envy, have been made essentially friv-
olous and feminine today in their
resurrection for w0man's heads by the
addition Of a curious and intriguing
ven. 1t Il Of black mesh. worn straight
over the stiff, high cap, caught slightly
to the headband with a long basting
thread. and left to fall as II win over
the shoulders. So far, It is quite nor
NAL, but where It departs from
normallty. Is in the brightly embroId-
cred figure Of a sailor wigwagging
with his colored signal nag. The mis-
take made here was In the embroid-
cry Of sailor; the figure should have
been taken from the army and not tia
navy In order to coincide with the
shape Of the cap. It is not unlike those
worn today by our West Point cadets
In full dress uniform.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1918-10-26
USEFUL HINTS TO KEITTEas
Things to Do and Not to Dc, Accord.
Ing 20 Advice BY m Authority
TO Beginners.

Here are q few suggestions offered
BY an authority for beginners knitting
socks:
Keep scissors, tape measure and
wax In knitting bag and q large-eyed
needle pinned on sock. ready to splice
yarn. and wax end Of yarn before pat
ding In needle.
Stitches are more easily taken up
II needle Is put In top Of stitch, but
nrst timG Knitting around knit the low.
er part Of IL, or Il win be one-sIded.
II you drop the loop Of q knit stitch,
place Il on needle back OF stitch, In
cert the needle In stitch, as n TO pun,
and put over loop: II II II q purled
stitch. place loop In front Of stitch
and bring stitch over loop toward
front.
A stitch dropped several rows can
be taken up with crochet needle placed
IN stitch; With hook down, pick IN
nrst loop. fnra needle and t1ie NJ an
other; continue until al are taken
up.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1918-10-26
new SILHOUETTE
MAY BE ADOPTED
Long, Slim Skirt, Draped Up
ward at Back, Promises to
Receive Favor.
HAT QUESTION TIMELY TOPIC
Anzae, Repetition Of MusIeteer, 10
Among the Lats Models Worn With
the Lengtheaed and Sweep
Inu Costumes.

New York.-One approaches the
subject Of a new silhouette these days
with timidity, notes q fashion writer.
One feels the shadow Of the storm
that Is about TO burst when fashion
writer's and designers say to-the pub
lie that the lines Of women's clothes
have changed, which means that wom-
ems wardrobes must change II they
remain in the picture Of the hour.
When we are In the throes Of con-
servation and economy, the idea Of q
new silhouette Is not altogether pleas
inr. 1t is snatched mp with avidity
BY those who sell apparel. for they
know 1t is q lure to the purse. But
II is also snatched up by orators, the
reformers, and thousands who ask
women not to change the style Of their
clothes during the war. These do not
snatch 1t up with avidlty, but jump
upon It and Try 10 crush It by argu-
ment and vituperation.
The French say, however, that to
face q fact and not theorize on q
fancy is a far better way to meet life.
Therefore, II the new silhouette Is
here. and II women win accept 1t by
the thousands, It Is far better to face
It than to ignore It; 1t Is wiser to re-
alIEe that 1t must be managed on q ba-
dis Of economy and conservation.
Argument has never had the slight
est effect on fashions. The persuasive
tones Of the administration, asking
that our material be spared by civil
ians because II Is needed for the fight
ers, has had its result; but this Is only
In keeping with the accomplishing at
titude Of America toward all restric-
tions during the war. The majority
Of women feel. and It seems that that
feeling Is right, that II they do not
encroach upon the fabrics and workers
needed by the government they can
have as many new costumes as they
With. on whatever lines they please.
Long skIrts Replace short ones.
The fundamental fact In the ST.
houette Is that skirts sweep the
ankles and heels To many women
his IL the fundamental fact, but 70
ne designers and the reporters there
Is far more In the change than this.
II women were to continue 20 wear
plated SKIRTS on straight lines,
weeping the ankles. and straight
SKIRTS that reached the toetips. and