davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
Training and the
Proportion of Loss

From these figures it is plain what we
observe and read of the actual work in the
air is only fringe, as it were, Of the
total effort. The useful work done-the
product-arises from very much larger
body of men and material lying behind
vle men and material that are in action.
That is another form of limitation.
The rate of construction is another fac
tor and the rate of training another.
Three months are regarded as the very
minimum for the training of a pilot, and
careful statistics gathered from the en-
emy's recent efforts at speed in this de-
partment prove to us that any attempt
to lower the average time in training in
order to have the advantage of this factor
results in more than corresponding dis
advantage from the rapidly increasing
proportion of loss in men and machines
which follows on it.
The third rule to remember, and per-
haps the most essential of all, is that the
policy, fortunately naugurated by the en-
emy-the bombardment of open towns and
attack on non-combatant areas in order
to affect the civilian opinion-can never be
the main object, or anything like the main
object, of air work. If we were to take
the mileage flown by enemy aircraft on
the Western front since the first German
raid on London last summer, we would
find that the mileage connected with the
bombardment of open towns, which looms
SO large in the press and public magma
ton, was an exceedingly small fraction
of the whole-certanly much less than !
per cent.
The great mass of work is the work OF
observation on the immediate front, be.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
ADivisions In
West Reduced Now

The Germans last autumn had one hun
dred and sixty divisions between the Alps
and the North Sea. A division is, as most
people know by this time, a miniature
army, complete in all details. 1t has in
tantry, cavalry, artillery and auxiliary
services in due proportion. 1t is the unit
OF cell of the whole military organization,
the only important thing not organized
TsHto the divisions being certain indepen-
dent bodies of cavalry and big groups of
neayy artillery which are attached to
army corps, or even groups of army
corps as whole.
The German division, which in the be-
ginning Of the war counted, as does the
french division to-day, four regiments as
us infantry complement (about 60 per
cent Of the whole), now counts only three
regiments Of three reduced battalions each.
Inc policy Of creating smaller divisions
oesan nearly two years ago and by now
mas covered the whole German service. 1t
aaS been accompanied, of course, by an in
crease IN the proportion of guns to in
tantry.
At the end of the heavy fighting last
summer many of these divisions were moth
lg like so strong as the regulations de-
handed, but there have been from four to
I'VE months since the heavy fighting
Stopped during which Germany could fill
The gaps; the class of 1920 {that is, boys
those eighteenth birthday falls in the
Present Year, has been called up to the
number of probably 100000, or perhaps q
little less; men have come out of hos.
pitals during the lull in the fighting, and
I've may well assume that the divisions, fol-
the greater part at least, are up to full
strength.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
Match
Allies on w est
Front in Guns
Nor Excel
Them in Men
Bv fiILAIRE BELLOC
Author Of elements Of the Great War
and Britain's Most Distinguished
Military Critic

n TOTHlNG is more important in judg-
~ ing the coming campaign in the
West than to get the main figures
II men and material on both sides into
ouss head. Good judgment on this cam
nagn requires no great concentration on
desil, but it does require accurate outlines.
Unfortunately. during campaign which
sin progress and in which ones own coun-
Try is concerned, at least half of the ele-
nent Of calculation is lacking, because
one is not allowed to discuss the figures
IS to ones own army or equipment.
But if / say in general terms that the
forces opposed to the German concen,ra-
It-rlon which is expected to break out in an
defensive or series of offensives, on the
Western front are match for the Ger
mans in numbers of men and more than a
match in artillery-and this without al
! lowing for the future increase in Ameri-
can numbers will have said enough to
prevent my analysis of the figures of the
enemy forces from giving false impress
sion Of their relative strength.
Now, let US see what those figures are
We have had published in Europe this
week quite long official account of the
enemy's concentration in the West, and an
analysis and explanation of this account
will, think, be useful. 1t refers only to
the German concentration. That is be-
cause, although there are Austrian troops
at present in Flanders, the Austro-Hun-
|saran Empire cannot spare any very con-
siderable number Of men for the French
front. 1t is true that the Russian front
20 longer exists in any military sense, but
there is heavy police work to be done there
lbs Austro- Hungarian soldiers because
The whole of the frontier populations are
|sjen and hostile. Moreover, most of the
Austro- Hungarian divisions that could be
withdrawn from the east were used in the
attack on Italy. There will thus be some
Austro- Hungarian troops used this year
in France and Flanders, but their number
will not gravely affect the issue. The real
point is the German concentration.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
Limitation of Use
In Different Types

The lesson, then, which the general pub
lie has to learn from this first rule is that
you must not expect the first arm to be
turned at will from one job to another
You must not, for instance, in general
call for reprisals, expect aircraft which
were designed for observation and for bat
tie on the army fronts to undertake long
distance raids, etc. The public must not
think, as it has hitherto too often thought,
of the flying machine as one simple in
strument, capable of any one of many
uses. With each new need the public
must be content to wait until there has
been time to design and build a new type
of machine on large scale.
The second rule to remember is that the
reserves that this particular arm requires
are enormous-especially in material. The
rate of loss is SO high, the coefficient or
repair is SO high and the time required
for training fliers SO considerable, and the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17

cult. There was hardly any anti-aircraft
artillery. There was no fighting in the
air.
There came next the phase when the
observing aircraft were attacked by hos
tile defensive system and fighting in the
air began. I believe it was the English
who first began it.
From that moment high differentia-
ton arose. One machine was more effec-
tive because it climbed more rapidly than
another; second was effective for it's
speed; another for it's wide radius of ac-
ton. You began to get different types, to
which were assigned special duties upon
the field of battle. You also got the main
distinction between work at sea and work
by land, and the work at sea in it's turn
produced differentiated types when the OBJ
servation and chase of the submarines be-
came necessary. Lastly, type was spe-
cialized on land to carry a great weight
Of bombs for the destruction Of enemy air.
dromes, bridges and ammunition dumps,
ETC.; type which specially considered the
carrying of weight appeared, and yet
newer form of this arose when the Ger
man policy Of bombing open towns in order
to affect civilian nerves was inaugurated
on large scale. In this last work what
was wanted was a long radius of action,
rapdity of flight and high weight carry
ing capacity, and the problem for the con-
structors was, as far as possible, to COM
bine these three conflicting things.
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08
THE POOR MAN

The new curate wife was very
sweet natured and kindly little soul
and did great deal OF practical
good in her husbands parish. Dur
ing the festive season she decided
to give a feast to the aged poor of
the district.
All went well, and the old people
were having fine time, when the
curate's wife suddenly noticed that
one old fellow did not seem to be
getting on very Well with his dinner.
What is the matter, Mr.. Smith
Isn't it cut to your liking" she
asked.
Fine, mum. fine, thankee,' mum
bled the old chap. But, we see,
ma'am re a picked onion in me
mouth, and, having noa but one tooth
left in me head. it's bit awkward
like to catch it. I'll be all right
thankee. ma'am. Just lee wait till
git hold on 'un.'
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08

If your front yard is cluttered up
with masses of shrubbery and rose
bushes, thin out some of them so as
to allow open stretches of lawn.
On the other hand. if it is too bare,
plant ornamental shrubbery on the
borders aud few trees for shade.
1t has been noted that very few
home orchards have been pruned up
to this time. Let us begin this work
with the very first sunny day, for
if it is put off until spring other
things will at that time demand our
attention and the orchard is likely
to be neglected.
Instead of depending upon the
town grocer for our supply OF season
ing herbs, such as thyme, sage. law
endar. and spearmint let's produce
them at home. There is no reason
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08

primers and pair of long handled
tree primers. Also, every tool must
be kept sharp, which will not only
give a smooth cut but make prun-
ming work much lighter.
1t was most interesting to observe
a short time ago a tenant farmer
moving into his new home, bringing
The plants had been taken up by the
roots and when buried in the ground
up to the leaves were ''as good as
new" showing how we'll this vege-
table will stand adverse treatment.
Whether or not it is even necessary
to move during winter, we should
have on hand an abundant supply of
Ibis old reliable winter vegetable.
A South Carolina farmer was re
Gently offered SLIGO bushel, whole
sale, for his entire crop OF sweet
potatoes Knowing the number OF
bushels that can be grown on an
acre and the approximate cost OF
production, figure out how much
money can be made from a field OF
ten acres at this price. You will per
haps say that there is risk in stor-
ing sweet potatoes. Not so, If vine
cuttings are used in planting (to pre-
vent rot) and the potatoes are stored
according to standard methods.
In a recent trip through the coun-
try ii was observed that numbers OF
fruit trees set out during the past
fall still had the. wire labels attached
to them Unless these labels are re-
moved before growth begins they
will girdle the trees. The only safe
method of keeping track of the kind
and varieties of fruits is to make
I a plan of ones orchard on paper
showing the name and location OF
each tree.
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08
THEN SHE AGREED

A chauffeur had applied for joD
with new-rich family which aspired
to be considered "topnotch' socially,
and was being interviewed by the
mistress OF the house.
1--WE call all our servants by their
last names she announced. What
is your last name?'
you'd best call me Thoras
maam." replied the applicant.
"No, we insist that you be willing
to be called by your last name
Otherwise you won't do at all
"Oh, I'm willing. ma'am, but
don't think the family would be VIII
ing to use it,"
What is your last name, them
said his prospective employer, some
what coldly.
Darling, ma'am-Thomes Darling
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08

why these old time favorites will
not thrive just as we'll in our own
gardens as they did in the gardens
of our grandmothers. Besides. those
grown at home are much fresher and
sweeter than those put up in tins.
In constructing the fence for your
large, new garden. make gate
large enough for team to enter.
1t is no uncommon thing to see gar
dens that are not provided with
large gate, it being necessary every
time a team and wagon is taken into
it to pull down portion of the fence.
And. as a consequence. they are
plowed and MANFRED about half as
often as they require for best results.
To do good job in pruning the
following tools are necessary: A
good saw. strong pair of hand
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08
URIC ACID N MEAT
CLOGS THE kidneys
Take glass of Salts if Your Back hurts
or Bladder bothers you-Drink
more water.

" YOU must have your meat every day,
eat it, but fush your kidneys with salts
occasionally, says noted authority who
tells US that meat forms uric acid which
almost paralyzes the kidneys in their ef~
forts to expel it from the blood They
become sluggish and weaken, then you
suffer with dull misery in the kidney
region, sharp pains in the back or sick
headache, dizziness, your stomach sours,
tongue is coated and when the weather
is bad you have rheumatic twinges. The
urine gets cloudy, full of sediment, the
channels often get sore and irritated,
obliging you to seek relief two or three
time during the night.
To neutralize these irritating acids, to
cleanse the kidneys and flush of the
body's urinous waste get -four ounces OF
Jad Salts from any pharmacy here;
take tablespoonful in glass OF
water before breakfast for few days
and your kidneys viii then act fine. This
famous salts is made from the acid OF
grapes and lemon juice, combined with
lithia. and has been used for generations
to flush and stimulate sluggish Kidneys
also to neutralixe the acids in urine,
SO it no longer irritates, thus ending
bladder weakness.
Jad Salts is inexpensiye; cannot IN
lure, and makes a delightful edersescens
lithia-water drink.
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08
NEWS ODDITIES

Three hours after cutting out APP
pendix of patient New York doctor
had to have his own removed
Postoffice safe frozen mp four
days at Mount Kisco, NJ ". and
natives had to buy stamps in other
villages.
All German books piled in heap
and burned in Milford. Neb.. school
by person who broke in at night.
wAs
One bath a week started in Lynn,
Mass. 10 reduce consumption OF hot
water and save coal.
Took less than forty five minutes
in Denver federal court TO impanel
jury. present evidence and obtain YER
dict for $50. 515.03S in railroad case.
Congratulations Director General
McAdoo received this telegram from
unnamed humorist in Lonisville:
Train No. arrived on time today
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08
COULDN'T DO IT

A housewife acquired negro maid
lust arrived from the south, ana
showed her about the house, ex-
planning 10 her her various duties.
Arriving at the head OF the back
stairs, the mistress said:
Nov, Jennie, YOU will go down
this way, always
At that moment the mistress trip
ned and fell down the whole stair
way, with many painful bumps and
thumps.
Lawsy. maam'' cried the new
maid. aghast, Use 'fraid wont
suit you-all. Use shnah couldni
20 downstairs dat way ev'y time
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08

struggle for existence as often found in The great cities
The dream Of every man brought up in the country
is 70 eventually return to The soil Hence the cry, Back
TO The land!'
take but the farmers who give up the soil and 60
city in the hope of enjoying life filled with faacy
and misery unrest and discomfort are their proportion.
In several states in the Union The teaching OF farm
ing is compulsory; and indeed in most of the public
schools to be found boxes where seeds arc
planted and the process Of termination and bursting
into life OF the growing plant is shown.
School gardens, where every child has miniature
this under competent supervision---is coming into
vogue more and more The health happiness and good
behold
1t is a somewhat curious commentary on our civil
zaton however that is yet very difficult to find school
teachers who competent to teach the three Rs and
at the same time teach farming.
Our education has mostly been away from the SOIL
in the direction Of musty, dusty tonnes. 3
We have lost ourselves in libraries, forgetting the
simple. obvious fact that man is land animal.
The Of stmulants, the love of ease and luxury.
all follow the stu1fy atmosphere Of Indoor sports
Civilization moves very slowly indeed, but the ien
dency of the world is toward the farm, the garden and
And the home is really home unless there are
children there, and unless these children the same
time have the benefits the advantages and the blessings
of digging in the dirt have the responsibility of caring
for live animals and the Joy of watching the sprouting
seeds and noting the process of Mother Nature.
All wealth comes from labor applied to land and
when love and labor combine and add moisture
to the land in right degree and God sends the glorious
sunshine. then fruits and flowers follow the natural
result Then The waste places made green and The
desert blooms like the and health and happiness
good cheer peace and plenty follow natural result
and sorrow and signing flee away
The world is only as rich as its poorest citizen
Poverty is crime on the part of the people who
have the ability 10 dominate the resources OF the world
When one suffers, all suffer; when enjoys all
enjoy.
T1,on,as Jcrrerson said rbe chosen neonIo If God
the people who till the soil--and do their work we'll"
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08
A Back To the Farm" Sermon

This undoubtedly is true Nevertheless ii does not re-
hevc the situation Men who think and men who know,
realize that happiness and sanity III high degree cannot
DC secured apart from Gods acre.
Digging in the ground is one of the very first amuse-
mens of childhood when the youngster has the oppor-
tunity Then comes the intelligent planting of seeds
and the caring for them Children five and six years
DID, II properly encouraged, find much satisfaction in
growing things
With the land goes the care of live animals
A COW, two pigs. twenty chickens and an acre of
district where the soil is reasonably fertile and pro-
yded OF course that this property ntcgcntly cared
by actual contact what the soil will produce.
.,e Alfred Russell Wallace said that man civilized him,
sell through the dOmestcaiOn of animals. That is,
through the care Of live stock evolves imagination
and realizes that he must produce and lay up food for
ms ANIMALS against the coming Of winter
The nations that have had horses, elephants camels.
sheep, have evolved and grown. The North American
Indians had only pet and that the dog and
the dog is wolf with college education.
And with the North American Indian there is
evolution save that he able. through the competent
leadership of white men to till the soil and care for
animals.
Vegetables, fruits, flowers and little live stock
not only education for the children. but these
things mean health happiness sanity sound sleep, good
digestion, helpful thoughts.
family is little cooperative commonwealth
And where the animals and vegetables, the fruits and
flowers looked after by the owners, the children
naturally brought up to work and be useful Each
has his duties and responsibilities
There is doubt about it thai ninety -nine out of
hundred Of the superior and women of the
world were brought up in towns and villages,
farm, where they lived close TO the soil and learned
many OF the secrets of The child especially be-
longs to the ground, with growing things
No man went to in defense of a boarding
house.
Our hearts not in a hotel.
We are, however, attached by sentiment to the soil
The old home, with its apple trees and cherry bios
the Spring and the lilac bushes and peonies
and the lovely growing things forms memories in the
mind of childhood that incffacabe, and which
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08
SHOWS THE BLAME

sDo YOU know why money Is so
scarce9r the soap box orator de-
manded. and a fair sized section OF
the hack bone Of the nation waited
in leisurely patience for the answer.
A tired looking woman bad paused
for moment on the edge OF the
crowd She spoke shortly.
cts because so many OF you men
spend your time telling each other
why. stead OF hustling to see mat
II amt"
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08
ONE ON MOTHER

"You didn't pay for the little girl,
an east end conductor politely re-
minded the mother 81 six year old
daughter after they had become
seated
~Ohl Didn't she give YOU her mon
eve" in feigned surprise from the
mother. "She pays her own rare
and forgot
mo. ! didn't forget, mama, re
nlied the little one as she handed
over the nickle. did just like you
told me to-"
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08
Man Is a Product of the Earth

Poverty is product Of cities Cities are products
Of ancient and crueiieS. If this Ldr breuks The
barrier that has separated Mankind from the land thai
is his natural home Civilization ruH progress
Man is land animal TO live in the wafer he has
to invent machines which will counterfeit his own ele
men---that is ne has to have roof and walls and
same kind of machines for the air.
He has to invent no machine at all to live on Earth
Our bodies are made up OF the clements found in
the earth Although utilize the products of sea and
air. all we need is the land to feed us We could do
very well without the products of the sea and air but
we could not do without the products of earth.
Man is a product of Mother Earth
Poverty everywhere is found almost entirely in tbe
big cities, where population huddles.
This congestion in the cities could only occur
off the land by the landlord and the landlord was
man who owned vast tracts OF land. He was the lord
of the land.
He secured his title through the destruction of many
people and much property. He was warrior After
peace came, if he was victorious he demanded and
received reward for his valor and prowess.
So he givcn---or took---vast estates duIy put
up signs warning everybody off, and repressed suppress
ed taxed and tyrannzed the people who were I'M
fortunate enough to live the land he took
In the course of time these people found refuge in
the cities, where numbers give protection Thus the
cities grew.
SO it Of old and the habit of the human race
persists. 1t is this species of landlordism and the
tyranny that follows, that has separated mankind
the land that is his natural home
Nature works in sprals.. After time history moves
back to the same place ii has moved from sometimes
centuries, sometimes ages, sometimes only years and
months before But it does not exactly back. It
reaches Same point III WHAT may De called mental
space, but hovers over it, little beneath it. We
have then the conditions but with the environ
mens and reactions changed
War in the past has bred vile landlords. This great
will breed good landlords because it will by de-
stroyng landlordsm it exists make the majority Of
their landlords 1t will send back TO
their Mother Earth. Every will have his farm if
he desires it,
In no other way this earth be rehabilated, and
do believe that this process is already in action.
OF course, it is easy to say that if they
given the land the majority of the very poor people in
the cities would not accept it know how to it,
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08
NEPHEW ADRiAN'S PURPOSE

II don't skurcely see how Nephew
Adrian is going to get along over
there in Europe" said Mrs Horn
beak. "He can't speak enough OF
any foreign language to make him
self understood
Il don't spose he'll need to- re-
turned Farmer Hornbeak AS
understand 1t, he has gone to shoot
Germans. not to debate with en-
The courier-index. (Marianna, Ark.) 1917-current, 1918-02-08
. ORCHARD AND GARDEN WORK {
Progressive Farmer)

Remember to plant garden peas as
soon as weather conditions permit;
also onion sets.
Fresh stable manure will give bet
ter results if applied to the garden
now rather than at the time OF
planting the spring vegetables.
1t is a good time to enlarge the
garden area. Set the fence back 80
feet or even further on one end OF
the garden so as to give 1t rec
tangular shape. This will permit Of
long rows, which are more easily
cultivated