davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-18
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half a million people in one section
fell victims to starvation. There was
a revolution and many people became
brigands and robbed the few who
were able to secure small amount
of food. There was a reign of terror
the land fearing the bands of bandits
who held sway in the country. Cats
and dogs were sold for food, the peo-
pie paying unheard of prices for meat
and even human flesh was eaten. One
historian tells us that people let down
ropes, to which great hooks were at
tached, from their windows and
caught up people who were walking
on the streets. After drawing them
up they killed and cooked them and
then sold the human flesh for food.
Property changed hands rapidly by
deaths and in one instance a single
house passed to thirty different rela-
tives in a single month.
England And France
England too has suffered from fam
ines and during the eighth century
there was dearth OF 1000 which led
the people to practice cannibalism.
Again in the eleventh century about
half the population died of starvation.
In 1869 the lack of food was so great
that people sold themselves into slav-
cry in order to obtain enough food to
live.
While all these things were going
on in England, France was suffering
from famine as we'll. During the
tenth and eleventh centuries some
forty or fifty famines are recorded.
During one of these. when starvation
was at its height, fanatics declared
that the end of the world was at hand.
People deserving their homes and
shops, went on pilgrimages. The sea
sons changed, the summer was cold
! and there was oppressive heat during
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-18

ments. These are: Art, Civics, Civil
Service, Reform, Conservation, Edu-
cation, Home Economics, Industrial
and Social Conditions, Legislation,
Literature and Library Extension,
Music and Public Health.
The coming of the war to the Unit
ed States made no change in the char
acter of these, eleven departments of
work. but in every one the range and
scope have been broadened, the pur-
pose intensified. All are imbued with
the one end. namely, the winning of
the war. "Our object" said Mrs.
Cowles in recent conversation, sis,
first and foremost, to be of utmost
service in time of need; second, and
quite as important, to keep alive IN
every community the sense Oh law ana
order, the security of the personal
elements that must rebuild society
when the tumult of war is past
The record of war service present..
ed at the different state federation
meetings throughout the country is
great in volume and comprehensive IN
extent" said Mrs. Cowles. 1T must
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-18
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did not clamor for the food within but
ed death. The Red Cross has done
excellent work in relieving these peo-
pie and just before the outbreak of
the present war they were engaged in
ance of the Chinese Government,
which was expected to prevent these
foundations and the spelling of the
crops. 1t has not been completed as
yet.
India has been scourged by famines
from the earliest times and plague
runs rampant during these periods of
starvation. The number of people
who die at these times is staggering
for the records show that in the great
famine of 1769-1770 ten million peo-
pie persisted. Failure of the crops
owing to the peculiar climatic condi-
tons of the country is the cause.
Even as late as 1S76-1S7S more than
five million of midas people starved
to death. Caste, the curse of that
land, is one of the great difficulties
in solving the famine problem and
hundreds will starve before they will
touch food cooked by people of an
other caste. Great Britain has tried
in various ways to save the people
from these pestilences but the race
! traditions are preserved with such fl
deity by the native that they would
rather die than give up their fanatical
tideas-the inheritance of ages.
Russia, whose wheat fields spread
over such a large part of the earth's
surface has suffered from famine
many times and as late as 1911 the
sufferers of that land ran into the
hundreds of thousands. People lived
on weeds and roots and bitter bread
made of acorns. America lent her
assistance in this famine. Happily
today, although we are facing crisis
which seems unbelievable in the pres
ent age, we can by patriotic perse-
verance in food conservation, by the
elimination of waste. keep out those
twin sisters of war-famine and
pestilence-thereby shutting off a
repetition of the scenes through which
the European countries have passed
in by-gone times.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-18
Activities Include Recre-
alton for Our Soldier
Boys, Federal Cooper
alton, Red Cross, Lib
ertyLoan, RuralWork,
etc.
Copyright, 1915 by The International
Syndicate.

- HAT THE American boys who
are weary of the camp and the
II trench as they fight their coun-
- try's battles in France may have
a "Blighty' to which they may go for
rest and recreation, and where they
may enjoy some few of the comforts
of home, will be the main thought and
topic of discussion among the repre-
sentatives of the 100000 women
members of the General Federation
of Women's Clubs when they meet at
the fourteenth biennial on April 20
at Hot Springs, Arkansas.
To provide such a recreational CEN
ter for their sons and husbands and
brothers in military service was the
reason for the creation of a War Vic
tory Commission at the board meet
ing of the General Federation, of
Women's Clubs held in Hot Springs,
Virginia, last winter. The fund set
for this provision was $3.50, 900, and
the women of the board laid the foun-
dation of that sum by a contribution
of $1,000. Since that time the amount
has grown proportionately with the
days and their need of patriotism
and it will not be surprising if the
specified quarter of million runs into
a sum far greater and one that is
proportionate to the splendid title Of
the commission set out to raise it.
9his big war effort for war relief i.
the conjoint endeavor of the two mil
ion women from every State in thu
Union represented in the General Fed
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-18
Cooperation OF 5000 Clubs In The
Red Cross And Liberty Loan

f1cO IFOSS ana LlDcrIy LOAN
The General Federation as whole
has raised very large amounts of
money for various war purposes.
Practically every one of the 5000
clubs in the Federation have cooper
rated Loyalty with the Red Cross in
its wonderful mission of mercy, and
the same may be said in connection
with the Liberty Loan, patriotic edu-
cation and home and foreign relief
work.
The Home Economics department of
the General Federation has lined up
closely with the Department of Agri-
culture in it's food production and con-
servation program, covering the sub
ject in more than one of its depart
ments. To quote Mrs. Cowles: Our
food conservation program necessarily
embraces the problem of food produc-
ton, not alone that, of conservation
by proper handling and elimination of
waste, but it's transportation, distribu-
ton, sale and use. Food production,
as we cover it in our department, is
not merely a narrow agricultural ques-
ton, but goes on to matters relating
" SOllJ WdlSI supply pA SoSA NSeAOA ~
forests, irrigation and of drainage.
'Its transportation carries us into
the realm of road-making, not only
the main highways of the country but
the by-ways in every little community
as WELL" said Mrs. Cowles. Reach
ing the point of distribution, it be-
comes a civic concern, and here legis-
lation/ enters, because there is need
of safeguarding against new legisla-
ton that NAV be introduced which
seeks to control prices and to increase
profits at the expense of the consum-.
er. Thus do the various departments
of our work cooperate with every
great movement of today"
Club Chairman In Every Camp
The Public Health Department of
the General Federation has placed a
chairman in every camp and canton
ment throughout the country to CO.
operate with the authorities in their
lines of endeavor, and the department
of Education is actively functioning in
not only carrying on its work along
normal routes. but in performing in
tensive constructive work along voca-
tional and Americanization lines.
The Washington State Federation
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-18
These Disasters Have Been With Us Since the
Earliest Times, Ten Mentioned In the Bible
100000 Peopl Perished In the
Indian Famine of 1869.
Copyright, 1913. The International Syndicate

full understanding of the meaning of
food conservation. II is a well known
fact that today there is not a child
living in Poland under two years of
age, while hundreds of babies are
starving to death in Armenia and
ment in Serbia. America is seeking
to save these little children as we'll
as to allay the pangs of hunger from
which their parents are suffering.
Usually the first cause of famine is
the failure of the crops. This may be
caused by too little rain or too much
rain, or by insect pests, earthquakes
or untimely frosts, or by the devasta-
lions of farm lands through wars and
by the taking of farm laborers for
soldiers. War and famine breed pes
thence, for dead bodies on a battle
field are a pregnant source of plague,
and when the human body is i'll nour-
ished it is an easy prey to disease.
Famincs OF The Bible
Ten famines are recorded in the
Bible, the one in which Joseph played
part being the most noted. Another
is found in the book of Ruth, in the
story of Ruth and Naomi. Again in
the book of Kings it is recorded that
during a famine just before the Chris
tan era cannibalism was practiced,
human beings being boiled and eaten.
| Roman Empire
The early history of the Roman
Empire is filed with accounts of the
catastrophes caused by the trium-
virate, war, pestilence and famine.
During the fifth century there was a
failure of crops and people became
so crazed with the pangs of hunger
that hundreds committed suicide by
throwing themselves in the Tiber. It
was while this famine was at it's worst
that knight of low origin named
Maclius began importing corn and
selling it at low rate. Naturally
this won him the favor of the people
and the upper classes became suspic-
ious of his work, believing that he
meant to win the people and try to
make himself king and they had him
summoned before the dictator OF
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-18

I'm THE GIGANTIC struggle now
engulfing the entire world one
of the weapons employed by each
D combatant is to starve the other
into submission. Whilst trying in ev-
cry conceivable way to cut off supplies
TO the enemy each is eager to obtain
and conserve their own resources so
as to stave off for an indefinite time
the gaunt spectre.
Every war of any consequence has
brought its privations and many of
them have sunk deep into the hearts
of the people the pangs of hunger.
But famine and pestilence, which
usually go together, whilst generally
the inevitable Accomplishments of war
have come from other causes and
some of the greatest calamities to
people have been caused by want and
starvation not chargeable to arms or
to the ambition of some military ruler
or leader. The havoc and destruction
of these famines are narrowing and
heart rending, but a brief account of
them may not at this time be amiss,
when appeals are urgent among US
for economy and care in the use of
the necessities of life.
Americas Work
America must feed her Allies in this
great war and unless we in this coun-
try heed to the words of those in au-
thority in the conservation of food
there may come a time when we will
find among US as unlimited guests
pestilence and famine the sisters Of
war. 1t is estimated that we must
supply our Allies with at least $780,
100000 bushels of wheat during the
coming year in order to feed their
men in the field and keep the health
of their civilian population in condi.
ton for these people to manufacture
ammunition and supplies essential tc
victory over the Germans. With oul
present crop this will be impossible
unless we avoid waste and substitute
certain articles of food to take the
place of wheat and certain kinds OF
meat for this too must be conserved
So much has been written, however
on this subject that it would seen
that the smallest child has come to g
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-18

Grafton of Women's Clubs. Many 9TH
er topics of timely interest will be
discussed during the ten days meet
ing, and a wonderful harvest of war
time effort and activity will be placed
at the disposal of the 5000 federated
clubs which will be represented.
Standardized Dress
Standardized dress is another sub
ject which will come before the Cen
era1 Federation as a whole, at its Hot
Springs convention. The effort to per
suade women to adopt form of dress
which will make for economy, sim
plicity and greater efficiency along all
lines of effort should carry it's special
appeal in wartime, and the subject
will be stressed by those women who
have presented it and demonstra ted
its practicability and beauty for the
past decade. Standardized dress does
not imply uniform or anything ap-
preaching a uniform, but it does imply
a uniform basic pattern upon which
may be built gowns of every fabric
and for every purpose in woman's
realm.
In referring to the subject of stand
ardized dress, Mrs. Josiah Evans
Cowles, President of the General Fed
Grafton of Women's Clubs, said re-
Gently:
HAS the time not come for us to
| definitely proclaim and take our stand
in favor of Standardization of dress
for women? This need not imply a
| uniform That Txro ehol1 oil
exactly alike; rather that certain rules
must be obeyed, certain principles
known and followed, while individual
adaptation is made. It ought to mean
more beauty as well as more freedom
for actual expression of ourselves. In
] the solution of this problem it will be
New-York tribune., 1918-03-08
FINANCIAL MEETINGS
SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY

NOTICE OF MEETINC.
165 broadway. New York. \. y, Jan Q 1918.
The Annual Meeting OF the Stockholders
OF the Southern Pacific Company VIII be
held at the office Of this Company IN An
Wednesday. April 3. 1918. at twelve O'Clock
noon, standard time, FOR the following pur-
poses, viz:
L. To elect fifteen Directors
=. To transact all such other business as
may legally come before the meeting. in
cludlng the approval and ratification OF all
action of the Board of Directors and or
the Executive Committee since the last
annual meeting of the Stockholders OF this
Company.
For the purposes Of the meeting the
books for tho transfer of stock will be
closed at 3 o'clock p. NJ, Tuesday. March
~ l9i ., and viii be recpened at 10 o'clock
BY order of the Board of Directors
HUGH NELL, Secretary
New-York tribune., 1918-03-08

Bureau of Statistics of the Pcnnsyl-
vania Department of Agriculture shows
that 81 per cent of the farmers own
their automobiles, which are now COM
ing into common use for both business
and pleasure purposes on almost every
third farm of the state. One year ago
there were 3O,700 automobiles owned
by the farmers. and the year before
about 10000. This shows the wonder
full inroads which motor mechanism has
made on the farms, and presents the
big field in the purchase of motor
cars. The figures Of the licenses show
that Venango County farmers are cred
tied with owning SOB cars, Clarion
farms use 925, and Mercer farmers
have taken out 1,34S licenses. Craw-
ford heads the counties in the North
west, with 1,423 cars on the farms, al
though Butler is a close second, with
] ,42I Warren is credited with 33S,
and Forest 55.-Oil CitN Derrick.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-08
Fresh Poultry-Dressed

Turkeys,-Dry packed, II to box, West
crn, young toms, dry picked, fancy, 3sc;
young hens, dry picked, fancy, 38c;
young hens and toms, mixed, dry picked,
fancy, $50; fair to good, 33M36c; poor,
25028c; old toms, 34M35c; in barrels,
Western, dry picked, young toms,
fancy, 37@38c; young hens, fancy, 81
(a3Sc; young hens and toms, mixed,
fancy, 37M3sc; Western, dry picked,
poor, 25M28c; Western, dry picked,
old toms, 34M35c; Kentucky and Ten
ncssee, dry picked, choice, young hens,
36c; young toms, 34N35c; poor to fair,
30M32c; Texas, choice, $50 36c; fair
to good, 31@33c; old toms, 33c.
Chickcns-Fresh. boxes, dry packed,
Western, milk fed. heavy weights,
shaggy, 2SM31c; Western, corn fed,
heavy weights, shaggy, 27M30c; in
barrels, Philadelphia and Long Island,
fancy broilers, 3-4 lbs to pair, asa soc;
Philadelphia, fancy roasts, 35M36c;
Pcnrs sylvania, broilers, fair to prime,
32 GD1Oc; Pennsylvania, mixed weights,
27@33c; Western, dry picked, milk
fed, heavy weights, 26@ 29c; corn fed,
heavy weights, shaggy, 25M2Sc; near
by squads, broilers, 2-2R lbs to pair,
75cU$1; capons, Philadelphia, 8 lbs
and over each 12m43c; CT lbs each,
3sn.40c; small and slips, 35M37c;
Western, CT lbs each 36M3Sc; small
and slips. 336t3lc; old cocks, fresh,
dry packed, II to box, dry picked, No.
+, &c; in barrels, dry picked, No. |,
&c; scaldod. No. !, 26 y W27c.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-08
Bonds
/ n d u s trial
Cotton

The feature of the cotton market
yesterday was the announcement that
British marine war risks had been re-
duced to per cent. At present prices
it was figured that this was equivalent
to a reduction Of nearly a cent a pound
In the cost of landing cotton from this
country in the Liverpool market. Nat
urally 1T pointed to narrowing of the
differences between English and Amer
ican markets, and the Immediate effect
was break in Liverpool, followed By
an advance in New York. The bulk of
the buying on this advance was attrib-
uted to Liverpool covering the short
end of hedges, and after the close
abroad demand tapered off, with the
market showing substantial reactions
in the late trading. May sold up from
31.76 to 32.17 and closed at 81 80, with
the general list closing steady at net
advance Of to II points.
The opening was to IL points lower
probably rejecting a continuation of
the selling movement which had been
in progress at the close on Wednesday
but as soon as the cause of the English
break became generally known prices
turned trmer. Active months generally
sold % to 33 points net higher during
the middle of the morning, and there
was covering by recent sellers for a
reaction, as we'll as the straddle buyinc
from Liverpool and a moderate demand
from the trade. Trading later became
much less active, with prices sagging
off under realizing.
There was no change in the general
character Of the news from the South
Increased conservatism on the part of
sellers was considered largely respon-
slble for quieter market in cotton
goods, but diminishing activity in that
quarter encouraged reactionary senti
m.ent IN raw material The reduction
IN marine war risks naturally encour.
aged more optimistic view of ship
ping conditions. but in some quarters i.
was believed that lower risks wou,C
not obviate the scarcity Of tonnage am
that the main effect of lower insurance
should be discounted in the change OF
parties between Liverpool and New
ork; Southern spot markets as Of
hclally. reported were unchanged. OK
c9ept Augusta, which was rs point,
lower, and Little Rock, which was /:
points lower. Exports for the dav wer,
l2.225 bales, making 2,S1o,5 so ia,
TINS season, against 4,143, ,065 last wear
Ycs'6o,,'c pro,,o,, "
New-York tribune., 1918-03-08
Commodities

,6c; thirds, 43k M44Asc; creamery, un-
salted, higher than extras, 49@49hc;
extras. 4SM4S1ac; tirsts, 4G1a M4712c;
seconds, 45046c; creamery, held, as to
quality, 43h M47c; state dairy, tubs,
finest, 47M4715c; good to prime, 451a@
4oH2c; common to fair, 41M45c; renov-
ated, extras, 4412 @45c; tirsts, 43@44c;
lower grades, $50 42c; imitation cream
cry, firsts, 41M41kc; ladies', current
make, frsts, 36k G371ac; seconds. 35M
80 1ac; lower grades, 3315 M341ac; pack
ing stock, current make, No. /, 35c;
NO. ?, 34c; lower grades, 31033c.
Cheese.-Receipts were $50 boxes.
State, whole milk, flats, held, colored
specials, lb, 25M M2s4c; white, spc-
clals, 25A (d925 &c; colored, average run,
- A2c; white, average run, 25c; fresh,
colored, specials, 2412c; white, specials,
"a 12c; cclored, average run, 2lc white
average run, 24c; fair to good, 2iIl
held, colored, specials, 25M25N c; white,
specials, 25c; colored, average rum
24Mc; white, average run, 24a4c; Single
Daisies, 261a M27c; Double Daisies,
26h 027c; Wisconsin, whole milk, fine
to fancy, twins, held colored, II IA "a
25c; white, 241 "a 244c; Single Daisies,
26 II M27c; Double Daisies, 26l4d26Mc;
Young Americas, held, 2SA@2S1sc;
state, skins, twins and flats, held, spe-
cials, 19M19%c; flats, fresh, specials,
1Sc; twins and cheddars, fresh, specials,
1Sc; flats, prime to choice. 16@17c;
twins and cheddars, prime to choice
16@17c; fair to good. 13@15c; lower
grades, SM12c.
Receipts were 22,S6O cases.
Fresh gathered, extras, per dozen, 42c:
extra tirsts 401aM41c; frsts, 39M40c;
seconds, 371sM3S'sc; state, Pennsyl-
vania and nearby Western henncry
whites, fine to fancy, 49050c; ordi-
nary to good, 47M4Sc; gathered whites,
ordinary to fine, 47149c; Pacific Coastt
+ No. 2, 4704Sc; state, Pennsylvania and
nearby hennery browns, 42M43c; gath
cred brown and mixed colors, 39041c.
Orchard and Field
New-York tribune., 1918-03-08
go Active Securities 80
Stocks
tsr Tho Associated Pressl

Dealings on the Stock Exchange
yesterday were almost the lightest
ard least important of any full scs-
sion for many months.
Price changes were in keeping with
tbis exhibition of lassitude. Leaders
for the most part rose or fell within
fractional limits until the last hour,
wben the list was at highest levels on
. demand for rails and active steels.
The few early exceptions to the
earlv lull included General Motors,
which declined 8 points, all of which
and more was later recovered, and
Twin City Rapid Transit, which
dropped points on the reduced divi-
dend.
Rails were at standstill most Of
the day. but that division proved re-
snonsive to q moderate demand later,
Iinjon Pacific and Reading rallying
casilv. United States Steel. to which
traders look for guidance, was un-
usually apathetic, but more than re-
trieved It's fractional setback. The
bethlehem Steel. Lackawanna and as
sociated shares acted similarly.
Some OF the equipments and war
issues were consistently strong, espe-
cialy shippings, American Car and
Railway Steel Springs, the latter gain
ing more than two points on its ex-
cellcnt annual report.
Surface Developments were without
direct bearing as market factors, but
the divergent views of prominent
financial interests respecting foreign
affairs served to restrain public in
terest.
Bonds were mainly lower, interest
centring in Liberty issues, all at con-
siderable recessions from recent levels.
United States bonds (oid issues were
unchanged on call.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-08
CHICAGO AND NORTH WESTERN
RAILWAY COMPANY

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING
The Annual Meeting of the Stockholders
of the Chicago and North Western Railway
Company Will be held at tne Office OF the
company, 22S West Jackson Boulevard in
the City OF Chicago. Illinois, on Tuesday
April 3. 1918, at eleven O'clock 4. NJ for
the election of Directors and the transac-
ton of such other business may como
before said meeting.
Transfer books will be closed on Sstur-
day. March 9. 1913. at the close OF bust
ness that day. and Will be reopened on
Wednesday. April 10, 1918.
Dated. March !. 1918
RICHARD II. ASHTON, President
JOHN D. CALDWELL, Secretary
New-York tribune., 1918-03-08
Wants Salaries Cut
Baldwin Locomotive Stock.
holder Thinks Officers
Get Too Much

PHILADELPHIA, March THE an
nual meeting Of the Baldwin Locomo-
by an unsuccessful attempt of John NJ.
Luntz, of Baltimore, TO have the sala-
ries of all executive officers of the con-
Germ reduced one-half. His vote was
the only onA in favor Of the cut.
The annulk report showed that dur