Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-07-14
lMPL|F|ED LESSONS IN
CARE OF AUTOMOBILE
The Magnetic and It's Troubles De.
scribed I'm Interesting Fashion
by Expert.
oME QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ny Large Problems OF Car Own
>rs Seem Simple After Guerrlich
Explains Them in Language Easily
D'omprchendcd by Laymcn.
Lesson No. %.
UPRIGHT. 1918. by Fred. e. Guerrlich.)


nave previously explained the ao-
and design Of the magnetic on the
- Dry of electric wires cutting through
magnetic field, bat as with the in
PRODUCTION of the eight and twelve
cylinder motors. OF the high speed type,
because of the danger OF the revolv-
ing wires breaking loose due to cen
trifugal force, it has been necessary
to have maGnetos in which the wind
ings are stationary. These arc known
as Induction" magnetos. and as the
magnetic with the revolving wires is
also really an induction magnetic. ] am
going TO explain its action on the
theory Of induction magnetic.
The design of very large number
of electrical Instruments: such AZ dyna-
mos, motors, meters, electrical phone
and the magnetic. is based on the we'll
known fact that when a wire is coilcd
about soft iron core, and current
Of the electricity sent through the
wire, the core will become magnet.
and also the fact that the reverse is
true: namely. that II the core be
quickly magnctiZed or demagnetized
there will be a flow OF electricity in the
wire
Thus In Figure J. when current IL
flowing through the wire a the core
VIII be magnet: or II core Il be
- = 10
a current VIII flow through the wire.
while the magnetiZing or dcmasnetiz-
ing takes place.
Again, it is well known that radi-
ating from the ends or poles of a
magnet there are innumcrable and in
visible lines of force az indicated in
Figure .. Now these lines OF force
would rather pass through metal than
the air. and so If piece Of iron were
placed between the two poles OF the
magnet. with but small air space
between. the masnctiS lines would pass
o When the magnetic lines pass
through iron core in this way, the
core also viii be magnet
From above we know that IL we
could dcmagnetizc this core, we would
cause Il current 30 flow in the wire
IL can be dcmagnetizcd. Let us see
how
when the core Is in the position
shown in Figure ,, the magnetic lines
VIII have the comparatively short
course shown. while as the core 10
rcvolvcd to tho position shown In
Figure Z. they will constantly be
heightened and stretch, and so us the
core leaves tho position OF Figure 1, the
lines VIII snap and again form to take
the course shown In Figure ). Here
You will notice that none Of the mag
which the wire Is Coilcd, so that il
has suddfnly been demagnctizcd Thus
there VIII be flow OF current through
the wire.
There viii be an increasing number
OF lines broken from the moment the
core leaves the position % Figure 3.
until Il has reached the position Of
Figure >. whore the maximum number
VIII break. Some will even break after
TINS. Thus there will be a varying
amount OF current flowing In the wire,
II being maximum when the core is
In tho position Of Figure g.
The voltage ~ low. and so In order
TO have "A voltage high enough for the
current 10 jump across the spark plug
points. ansformer coil OF some Kind
must be used with the magnetic.
The prcsent-day practice is to use
the armature coil and core. and TO wrap
a secondary coil OF wiz" about these.
instead OF using an outside coil.
The above is possible. because, while
the core is becoming demaSnetized as
II rcvoives. ana so causes current TO
fow in tho wire the iiow Of the cur
the core. the core thus remaining 4
magnet until the interruptcr points
open, and 50 stop the flow Of the cur
reHt. Al the points open the core will
almost instantly be dcmaEnetized. and
SO "A very high voltage current Will be
X.
points must be so set, however. as to
open when the armature is in about
the position shown in Figure 5. You
VIII note that with this construction
there can be only two sparks for each
revolution OF the magcto arnature
shaft. AS in twelve cylinder engine
there must be six sparks for each revo-
luton OF the crankshaft, such a mag
ncto would have to revolve three times
as fast as the crank shaft This may
result in such a high speed that the
coil would break down because of the
great centrifugal force OF the wires.
1t is for the above reason that the
induction magnetic. in which the wires
are stationery, is coming into consid-
erablc use. in this magnetic. instead
OF the wires revolving. two or more
pieces OF soft irca. called inductors,
the magnetic lines, breaking them as
does the core OF the magnetic cxplained
in the earlier part Of this talk.
Figures and ! show a construction
OF one type OF induction magnetic
Figure being view OF Figure from
the side.
In this. a and G are the poles OF n
horseshoe magnet. while Il and Il are
the revolving inductors. The black
separator is of nonmaGnetic material
50 that the magnetic lines cannot PASS
from u TO +. AS Il is always in con-
''-N' " WI ~ IL III always carry the
magnetic lines from a, while + will
carry those from c.
In Figure the core with its coil
is sho N as d, while { and T. are soft
iron upright pieces between which the
inductors revovc.
The course OF the magnetic lines is
as follows: from the pole y of the mag
net they Will go into the induc,or Il.
and when this is next TO c, they will
then go up through c. across through
the core of the coil D. down through
j.. into f and so into the pole G of
the magnet. Thus a magnetic current
Will be completed
AS the inductors Il and + revolye the
magnetic lines will be stretched, and
when Els vertically over b, they will
snap. and you will see that the action
of the inductors on tho magnetic lines
is just the same as that of the core of
Figures 3, 4 and 5.
AS / am now only explaining the
action Of the magnetic In generating
the current, I have shown but one
winding OF the core. In practice to-
day there Will be a second winding. and
there Will also have to be an inter
rupter. distributor. safety spark gap,
condenser. etc.