davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
New Asparagus Strain.

A new strain of asparagus that Is
larger, more uniform and more produc-
tive than the old varieties and In adj
dition Is highly disease-resistant. has
been developed through ten years of
work by a plant breeder In the bureau
of plant industry. Introduction Of the
new strain is expected eventually to
stamp out the "rust," a destructive dis
ease that swept ove the country q
few years ago.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
Protest Siberian Dictator.

Peking, July 1.-THE British, French
n Japanese ministers to China have
strongly protested to General Horvath,
anti-Bolsheviki military commander.
who has formed a temporary war cabi-
net for Siberia. asking him to with
draw his dictatorship proclamation, on
the ground that 1t is unwise and un
timely. The proclamation, the min
listers say, is calulated to cause a sit
uation which may impede the move
menta at the present time is all impor-
tant. What his answer viii be is hsla
to be uncertain.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
Archer, N tionaI Leagues
Star c atcher, Comes Back
With His 0Id-Time Speed

Jimmy Archer, once the National
leagues star catcher when he played
with the Chicago Cubs, is doing a re-
markable comeback stunt in Pitts
burgh.
Archer was released by the Cubs
last year because n bunch of crippled
fingers prevented him from throwing
to bases with his former speed and
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
1s9 ON U. S. CASUALTY LISTS
81 Americans Killed In Action, II
Wounded, 40 MjeeInu.

Washington, July 1.-THE last ma
rine corps casualty list shows: Killed
In action, AZ; died of wounds, 10;
wounded severely, II; missing, IS;
total, 81.
The army casualty list shows
Killed In action, IA; died OF wounds
s; died Of disease. 8; died of accident
and other causes, /; wounded severe
ly, So; missing. %; prisoners, /; total
102.
Northwest names appear on the list
as follows: Private d. G. Horton
Litchfield, Mimi, killed In action
Private Louis Brandt. Grandy, MINI. /;
Private Elmer p. Lennon. Portage
Wis; Private Albert Novah, La
Crosse, Wis; Private John A. McIn,
mis-. Eau Claire, Wis; Sergt. X. ".
West, Mt. Vernon. Iowa, severely
wounded; Private c. M. Law, Roletts
N. D., missing In action.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
South ST. Paul Live Stock.

South st. Paul, July 17.-Estimatet
receipts at the Union Stock Yards
Cattle, 2,400; calves, 1000; hogs, A.
600; sheep, 200; cars, 1888. Steers
S.50@12; cows, $500; calves, S7.5(
@15.25; hogs, $17.20@17.4O; sheer
and lambs, $11. 50@17.50.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
Warm Bed Helps.

Sir William Gull, the distinguished
English physician, announces that an
electrically heated bed seems to dimin-
lsh the number and percentage Of IA
tai pneumonia victims.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
Name in the News.

Liaison-pronounced .lee-ay-zon"--
the name given to the corps of inter-
prefers for the British, French and Bel
gian armies. The duty of the 'liaison"
officer Is to assist In billeting, conduct
Ing negotiations, tr%anslating messages
OF every description and questioning
persons suspected Of espionage
Springfield Union.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
ArouI, Id the World.

Ohio farr have been plow-
ing by moonlight and tractors.
Spain is discussing a project
to tunnel under Gibraltar strait.
New York. New Jersey and
Minnesota ban German in pub
lie schools.
New York magistrate the 9TH
er day sentenced an auto speed
er to a spanking.
Army chaplains are being
trained I'm a school I'm Camp
Zachary Taylor, Kentucky.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
The Jury Understood.


too strong on thai
talk about II
wasn't money Wa
e suing for
but the principle
of the thing"
"Why so?"
".The jury saw Il
In that light. evi'
IDENTIFY. Gave III
eight cents dam.
ages"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19

Heels We. Heads.
II suppose she's head over heels
In love-"
II think 1t is a case of heels over
head this time. She is engaged to a
tango fiend."
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
TEUT0N LOSSES ARE 100000
Present Drive Extremely Costly To
Enemy Forces.

London, July Is. - Casualties sus.
tanned by the German troops In the Of
fensive up to the present are estimat-
ed to number loo. 1000. according to
news received In London from the
battlefront In France.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
CHICAGO Grain,

Chicago, July 17.-Corn, July, $1.64;
August, s1.65. Oats, July, 76Bc; Au
gust, 1890.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
$4,000 600, 900 CONGRESS

Amount Appropriated by Far Greatest
Ever Known.
Washington, July 17.--Ffgures just
compiled show the appropriations and
authorizations by congress since It
convened last December have totaled
$4,000, OOO, 900. This exceeds by more
than $4,000, 900, 900 the appropriations
and authorizations of the previous ses
sion of congress.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19

Duluth, July 17.-F1axseed, July.
$4.61; October, s4.66.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
NO VACATION FOR WILSON
important Matters Demand His At.
tentIon Every Day.

tentIon Every Day.
Washington. July 1S.-There will be
no vacation this year for President
Wilson. With matters of tremendous
Importance demanding his attention
every day the President has decided he
cannot leave his desk. II was definite
ly announced at the White House thai
he will remain in Washington through
out the summer.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19

that's a fine stenographer you
have.'
3Yes,s replied Mr.. Cumrox. "But
she's too ~deferential. / never pretend
ed to be any great scholar, and some
times she flatters me to the extent Of
trying to initiate my style Of spell
ing"
OF coursel@
Kidd-What caused Gaybird to fy
the coop?
Kidder-Chickens.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
SMILES 0 ALL

Not a Thing.

Not q Thing.
"Tae youngsters think they're smart
with their new Dances"
swell Uncle Josh?"
I'll admit they do give you a good
excuse for hugging a girl, but at that
they amt got nothing on the old-fash
toned kissing games"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
DAILY MARKET REPORT.

Minneapolis Grain.
minneapolis July 17.-Oats, July.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19
EIaN

76c; September, Tic.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-07-19

"Cholly, W ny
don't you let your
mustache grown"
"Why don't /
let 1t? Good heav-
ems, deah boy, !
do; but It won't"
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16

The intelligence which a com
handing officer can obtain of
the enemy's numbers and Of the
disposition of his forces lin
formation which is essential for
the commanders success and
which is the principal business
Of the enemy to conceal) is ar
rived at in various ways :
through spies, through the piec-
ing together, of imprudently
published news and through OBJ
servation, especially from the
air. But one Of the most inn
portant ways through which
this information is obtained is
by raids such as both sides have
undertaken vigorously for the
past month on the Western
front and which are usually
preliminary to actions on much
greater scale.
These trench raids fulfil two
purposes. They discover the
state of the enemy's defenses
and the fighting trim of the men
who are holding them, and they
generally bring back prisoners.
It is the interrogation Of the
prisoners which furnishes the
fullest information. The ques-
tions asked may not seem inn
portant-they are often disguis-
ed and conceal their purpose.
The answers given are often mis-
leading or false, more often
ignorant and sometimes they
have been dictated to the prison
ers long before they were cap
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16
German Activity
Sure to Continue.

Whether the Germans in
tend a big spring offensive
on the Western front or not
no one but themselves can
possibly tell yet. The strict
ly military considerations of
the situation are against
such an offensive; the politi-
cal reasons are strongly in
its favor. But whether the
Germans do or do not make
such an attack they will GER
tainly continue to give all
the preliminary signs of
one, for such operations are
necessary as a prelude if
they do mean to attack and
are useful as a bluff if they
do not. There is no sign
made public yet of any spe-
cial point of concentration
for German troops which
must be made before an at
tack is launched.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16

the American army is a big and
growing and unknown factor in
these German calculations, and
you should be prepared to find
that fully half of the German eff
fort on the Western front in the
immediate future will be con-
cerned with finding out all it can
about this factor-its numbers,
its disposition, its fighting quail
ity, its supplies Of material and
munitions and stage of it's train
ing.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16
Half the Army
Cannot Fight.

To appreciate the large pro-
| portion of men who cannot ac-
tually be used in the fighting is
less urgent for the writer and
talker, but has its Importance.
One of the most frequent land
to those who know their subject
most exasperating) pieces of
press criticism on the army in a
certain phase of this war was the
complaint that SO many men
were drawing rations and yet
were not present in the fighting
zone. 1t took all sorts of forms /;
complaints that the honor Of
fighting had been withheld, or
that the danger of it was being
shirked, or that an administra-
ton which needed so many men
behind the lines must be ineffi-
cient.
All that sort of talk comes
from sheer ignorance. The civil
ian should make up his mind
that, especially in the present
war, he is dealing with lines of
communications and conditions
of transport which will at least
divide in half his total apparent
effective force of hundred men
drawing rations for which the
nation pays. 1t is lucky if fifty
are at any given time actually
using their arms. The proper
ton Of non-combatant to actual
combatant numbers is often
much larger than this.
Another thing the civilian will
do well to remember is that the
whole effort of the able, trained
and patriotic men who have con-
troll of the job and understand
it is to cut down the proportion
Of non-combatant troops as low
as ever they can.
Amateur strategists
Usually Ignorant.
The third rule, although the
most obvious, is the one most
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16

emy's twenty. Even the calibre
of all its weapons above field
guns was not upon the average
half that Of its opponents. The
aircraft, already hopelessly in
sufficient, fell from less to less
until it was insignificant.
Victory or Defeat
Depends on Workshops.
Victory or defeat in 1918
depends now upon the
workshops. Every dispute
should be forgotten until
the event has been decided.
There will be time enough
to settle social questions
after the decision of the
war. That is a hard saying
to men whose whole lives
have been given up to the
settlement of social theories
and the modern economic
struggle, but 1t Is q true one.
A family does not continue
its quarrel when the house
is on fire.
To the man who asks you
whether social justice is not the
same in time of war as in time
of peace there is no answer. We
must admit that it is, but if the
war is lost the opportunities for
obtaining social justice will
never be what they were in the
past. That again is a hard say
ing for the man who sees wildly
wrong conditions at home. But
for him, as for all others, the re-
suit of the fighting abroad will
determine his own economic fu-
ture far more than will the i'm
mediate local result Of economic
4uarrels.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16
Teutons Can Do AS
They Wish in Russia.

Meanwhile in the East we
must clearly grasp two things.
First, that the Austro-Germans
can do what they like; second,
that the forces that they require
there are quite small. The in
ternational gang that has cap
tuFed .Petrograd has destroyed
the Russian army. 1t no longer
exists at all as an army. When
the invaders stop in their police
work (for it is only police work
that they are doing will be en-
tirely their own affair, and the
stop will come of their own free
will.
When they do stop we shall
hear plenty of nonsense from
whatever crowd may happen to
be on top in Northern Russia.
We shall be told that there has
been a counter offensive" or
that the Germans have been
checked. We need pay no atten-
tion whatever to this talk when
it does come. The small but dis
ciplined forces, which, as I
write, are already in possession
of Kieff, the capital of Southern
Russia, and of Pskoff and
Nieusk in the north and center,
can go where they choose and
do what they like. They will
only be halted by their own de-
liberate policy-until (of if)-|
the great battle in the West is
decided.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16
BeIIOc on Visit to q. S.
Soldiers i'm Camps i'm France

Hlare Beloc in tOday's letter. tells The Forum read
that he has been absent from London visit to the
American army Ceners in France and in forthcoming art
cles that will be published by The Forum Mr. Belloc will
present close up view of the u. g. soldiers abroad.
Mr.. BellOCs articles the among The Forums
strongest features and to keep up with the develop
ments, one must know what Belloc says.
The Belloc articles every Saturday features.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16
Rules Affecting
Civilians in War.

During this lull in the fighting
on the Western front and be-
cause of the inability which /
am under to deal with news
which may arise later in the week
Gas l shall still be traveling), I
should like to close this article
with some words on the rules
affecting civilians in this war.
Unfortunately, a long experience
of war conditions has at last
brought them home to me,
though even here in Europe they
are not yet nearly enough ap-
preciated.
There have appeared in the
course of the campaign four
great rules which not only every
civilian writer upon the war,
but also every talker upon it
should have stuck up in large
letters upon the walls of his
rooms, and as you Americans
say, pasted in his hat. " These
four rules are:
4 To appreciate the
necessity for secrecy,
all the time, and on all mill
tary operations and plans.
- Not a grumbIs at the
small number Of effect
i've soldiers at the front, but
to appreciate the very large
proportion of man power in
uniform which cannot take
part in the active operations.
= To avoid amateur
strategy as a plague, to
appreciate the impossibility
Of any man not on the spot
and not in command giving
any strategical suggestion
that is worth having.
To work and TO help
others to work TO ap-
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16
Rule of Secrecy
Hard to Practice.

hulS VI SSCEHCy
Hard to Practice.
The first rule we all know in
theory, but find it very difficult
to practice. Its observance re-
quires a degree of civilian dis
cipline which looks easy in the
! first enthusiasm of the campaign,
but becomes more difficult to
maintain in the long process of
the war. People want to hear
which regiments are engaged in
this or that action; newspapers
want news-the more vivid the
better-and readers will tell you
that it is difficult to maintain
civilian support for the war I'M
less such news is forthcoming.
There are degrees in the sec
recy which must be maintained.
It is perhaps more important in
the beginning of operations than
after they are we'll under way.
The various commanding forces
of the various armies have in
terpreted the rule with varying
emphasis and severity. But,
roughly speaking, the more per-
feet the secrecy is maintained
the better is the chance of sue
cess. The enemys intelligence
department like one S own pieces
together every scrap of informal
ton and the most apparently in
significant detail may furnish a
most important clew.
AS an instance of the
ranging rules, the French
have gone as far as to sup
press all casualty lists; the
Germans began by detailed
casualty lists which were
first falsified and then
abandoned; the British have
continually maintained the
policy of full and accurate
casualty lists up to date.
This is an example Of differ
ence in degree.
Another difference. one of
policy, is that the Allies rarely
mention the names of units |
which have performed some
particular achievement, con-
trasting somewhat strongly
with the German policy of nam
ing them frequently, beth for |
the sake Of emulation inside the |
army and to cultivate enthus-
iasm among the civilians at |
home. But the supreme thing to /
is that the degree of
and the manner of it are /
things that can be judged by the |
military command alone, and |
that to grow weary of it or to
grumble against it is to court
defeat.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16
Duty of CiUiIians at
Home Clearly Set Forth;
Must Maintain Faith
Can Be No Sackenng of Effort Back of the Lines and
Agitation That Detracts From the Nations One
Business War-Must Be Classed AS Treason
by HiLAIRE BELLoc)


military
Copyright
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16

even after four years Of war
the reason is that it is novel. In
no past war has the industrial
activity of the civilian pOpula-
ton at home been the vital and
overwhelming factor which it is
today.
Industrial Output
the Biggest Factor.
The present great campaign
has turned the belligerents Of
nations not only into two war
ring camps, but, as it were, into
two vast competing industrial
firms, and by the output of these
industrial firms the actions in the
fields are being more and more
decided. On this will depend the
victory in the air which will per-
haps be the decisive factor in
191S-the subjugation Of the
submarine depends upon it and
the putting into use of the de-
relict or wasted Iand-famine
conditions in Europe depend up
on it.
Why has the Russian state
gone to pieces2 Because the
Russian lines were broken in
Galicia thirty-four months ago
solely through the immense pre-
ponderance of metal upon the
Austro-German side. For the
whole fighting season that fol-
lowed the Russian armies were
sacrificed in masses to the in
creasing difference in munition-
ment. The Germans and Aus
TRANS captured droves of prison
ers who did not have'even rifles, |
and the Russian artillery could |
not deliver one shell to the en-
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16
americans Outright Germans BeOcS Verdict Face of Reports
Covering Rading Operations Famous Writer Visits T. s. Troops

which I would make upon
actions affecting the Ameri-
can troops which may take
place in the interval.
The last news of such actions
at the moment at which I am
writing this is that a determined
attack was made upon the
trenches held by the Americans
in what is called the "sector of
TouI" "a bit of ground | know
very well, because I served there
twenty-seven years ago as a
driver in the field artillery of
that day. This attack, from the
information at hand, was ap-
parently conducted, as are most
of the recent operations by both
German and Allied troops upon
the Western front, with the OBJ
ject of obtaining information.
The French call such operations
taking soundings."
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16

tured by the prisoners former
superior officers.
But the total result of interro-
eating very large numbers of
prisoners from many sectors of
the line is considerable. All the
answers carefully collected by a
central bureau where they are
indexed and digested and most
of the conclusions arrived at by
the intelligence department
about the arrival of enemy units
at their front, about their
strength, equipment, etc, depend
on this sort of evidence.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16
Fourth Rule
Is the Vital One.

These first three rules are dull
because they are negative and
their effect is not immediate.
But the fourth rule is another
matter. Let me repeat it, "To
work and to help others to work
TO appreciate the vital detcrmin-
ing character of the industrial
activity at home on modern war
fare of this style
If this rule is not acted upon
you may get disaster very
promptly. 1t is the very core of
civilians duty during the strug-
gle. If it is still imperfectly un-
derstood-and actually if it is
imperfectly understood on the
enemy's side as upon our own
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16

preciate the vital determin-
ing character Of the indus
trial activity at home on
modern warfare Of this
style.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16

frequently broken. Napoleon
said wisely that any fool could
see a strategical advantage and
draw up a strategical plan, but
that the test of talent was to see
what in practice was the best
plan and to carry it out on the
spot. Any one could see, for
instance, in this campaign that
the Dardanelles was one Of the
keypOints on the map; any one
could see in the DardanelIes
operations that the neck of the
GallipOli peninsula carried the
communications on which the
principal forts that defended the
Dardanelles were absolutely de-
pendent. Why was not the neck
occupied? Because of hundreds
of practical reasons which your
amateur map strategist does not,
perhaps cannot know.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16
Germans Seeking
News of Americans.

1t is natural that the German
type of mind should attach
great value to such knowledg
as they can obtain of the Am
erican arrivals, their numbe
and the positions they are to oc
cupy, because these are the new
and IT'D the Germans) the un
known factor on which the cam
paign of 1918 depends.
I have been given the
privilege this week of visit
ing certain portions of the
American army now in
France. The journey to see
them Compels me to be away
from London at times in the
week when this article is
usually written, and I am
forced to postpone until
next week any commentary
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16
Americans Have
Edge" On Germans.

The development of vigorous
German trench raids against the
American forces holding first
line positions is not only here in
the neighborhood of Toul, but
also along the Aisne, and in
whatever other sectors are held
by your troops. incidentally
these raids also give an oppor-
tunity for testing on a larger
scale than hitherto the compare
tive fighting value of the two
kinds of infantry engaged in the
encounters.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16

We further heard this week
on some day unnamed, but earl
Ter than the first days-of what
was really the first attack ON
American troops other than
raids. 1t was not apparently on
a very large scale. The Ger
mans, as all soldiers do, but
more than any others, depend
upon exact calculations. Now
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-16

The brief dispatch de-
scribing this encounter near
Toul gives indications
strongly in favor of the new
American contingents which
have just come onto the field
as being superior to the
veteran German troops with
whom they were engaged.