davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1918-02-22
M GROSS WANTS
100000 CHILDREN
N ITS Membership

Resolutions requesting the govern
RS of the five states in the South
western Division OF the American Red
Cross to make official proclamations,
if they have not already done so, rec
ognizing the Junior Red Cross as an
important element in the work of the
schools Of these states and calling spe
oial attention to the Junior Red Cross
drive from Feb. Il to % were adopted
by the advisory committee Of the Jun
ior Red Cross az a conference in St
Louis recently
The committee also urged the vari
GUS boards of education, state, county
and city, in this division, to recognize
the Junior Red Cross as the one of
fetal organization 'for war relief &C
tivities in schools, and asked the Unit
ed States Bureau of Education,
through its department work for com
munity centers, 70 give all possible
help to work OF the Junior Red Gross.
It was requested that the Depart
ment of Superintendence of the Ma
tional Education Association in its
meeting in Atlanta recognize the work
of the Junior Red Cross.
Slogan Of the Campaign.
Every school a Red Cross auxiliary
and center for national service" is the
slogan of the intensive drive for tbt
enrolment of all public, private and
parochial schools as Red Cross school
a|uxiliaries. George w. Simmons, man.
ager OF the Southwestern Division
who has gone 10 France for Red Cros
information, said since the South
western Division passed all other d.
visions in the country during the
Christmas membership drive the jun
Tors must go over the top" in the
same splendid way. The goal is tor
$4,000, 600 junior members in the Unit
ed States, which, with the present Red
Gross me1 berehip Of 1000, 600, will
make the total $4,000, 900.
Mrs. r r. Kroeger, director Of jun
ior membership in the South western
-nigi-ea, 49, SS= sAt hen
rolled as a unit. all OF its pupils be-
coming junior members Of the Red
Cross. The school unit assuming the
obligation 10 raise a sum equal to %
cents for each member. This fund re-
mains in the school treasury 10 be ad
ministered by the pupils themselves
in the purchase OF raw materials with
which 10 work or otherwise, as they,
with the advice of instructors. may
elect.
What Children Can Do.
There are many definite things
which the junior membership can nc
complish within The range of their
scholastic activities" says Mrs. K?oe-
ger. 1T is not the intention to en-
roach in a"y way upon the pupils
play time, bur TO defect the colrs;s
In manual training, domestic scianc
etc, into some form Of Red Cross pro.
duction."
President Wilson Sept. 10, 1917. IS
sued a proclamation to the school chit
dren OF the United States Offering
them the privilege Of membership "a
the Red Cross. Or, Henry II. Mac
Cracken, president Of the Vassar Col
lege. developed the idea OF junior meu,
bership.
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1918-02-22

We are authorized to announce
B. C. GORDON
as a candidate for County Collector,
subject to the action of the Democrat
ic party at the primary, August 6,
1918.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-16
FRANKLIN HOOD DESIGNS
A SUBJECT OF INTEREST
Anyone Who Follows Automobile
Manufacturing Impressed With
Characteristic STYLES.

The characteristic design OF the
Franklin hood has always been
subject Of interest to almost every
one who follows automobile style.
Many explanations have no doubt
been offered unauthoritatively for
It's sloping front" says Mr.. Emond.
body designer for the Franklin Au-
tomobile company, but few indeed.
unless they are Franklin owners,
ever recognize the element OF safe
ty that such shape OF hood embodies.
THE man who has been accus-
toned to driving a Franklin has
only to take the wheel OF almost
any other car TO appreciate the ad-
vantage the Franklin hood design
gives when driving.
THE slope of the Franklin hood
permits the average man TO SEQ the
road clearly within ten feet Of the
front wheels. Bad spots can be
avoided with greater ease and surety.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-16

enemy, which must be reduced by
superior fire, because OF the resist
ance furnished by strong points
which must be broken. We have to
open the zone over which the ava
lanche will pass, to make the breach
through which the attack will reach
the main obstacle is the object of the
preparation" For this masses OF
artillery are needed
For the mass of attack today as in
the past, firm will is needed to sue
cess. The troops charged with a de-
clsive attack should think as Bu-
geaud advised: when the moment
Is come to move, march on and
conquer your enemy with that energy
and that sangfroid which permit you
to achieve anything"
Then the characters to print on
the brain at the moment OF action
are: Nigor. rapidity, violence, no pro-
longed halt And, to realize the lat
ter. troops must be pushed rapidly
from the rear to support those who
have gone forward. g.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-16

-I.,,I... =, I-g-..-,I - -------T, =.
l'o'ioh or ihI"l hdti"h Az result v'
ehplothtI"h. Bui 'N lhe enemy Ap-
Pioh'hoh' In''NIkch,' ""I "I wa"
sPrt give" pace 10 inc ""rr OF pro,
tet'l"h, hut ~" Pi'ph' ION
mus ieh'c u" IN" H'Fh com 'I'','' ,i ~
"h'II 'ue HH' p"h7'D'' ,""Hi'"' ~
,ty oi "'u"H !" "''''u'' "". "'""
,h' Hlu'' ION "h'i ia L" .' "'h''
Ieh'o 'h' Pi'pa' '''" ana ''" P."
i''N"h NIX l'trlH'' III 'h' h' '''
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-16

holds him under the fear of a more
violent onslaught.
But it is at the end Of its resources.
The greater part of its reserves are
engaged, its units are mired up, have
suffered heavy losses and munitions
are giving out. 1t has before it the
mass of the enemy troops, serious OBJ
Stacles. ground smothered with fire
or solid positions strongly occupied
or In difficult places. A zone that
seems uhcrossable stretches in front,
the rain OF shells beats the ground
with implacable vigor. No success
has yet been gained: Nothing is done
While something remains to do" The
iaurels OF victory float on the points
of the enemy bayonets. 1t is there
that we must seize them, conquer
them, II we want them, in hand-to-
hand fight.
To reinforce the troops OF the
preparation" to obtain this result
would be without effect. the trench
battle, with It's paralysis, would re-
commence.
To withdraw or to break through,
''+io 80 N'''Ai VIC lllNNNdpd ulAtlilllld.
To break through, but to break
through in numbers and in mass,
that way lies success Because num-
ber, II we know how to make 1t
serve u.s. by the superiority of ma
terial means II puts at our disposi-
ton to get the better Of this violent
fire of the enemy
With more cannons we will silence
his, and the same with rifles, and
the same with bayonets. If we know
how to use them.
Number also means moral su-
periority. 1t works TO our profit by
the conviction Of force that IL car.
ries with II. and that we will de-
vclop in the formation. Number, to
the enemy, is surprise; the convic-
ton that he can not hold out is
caused by the brusque apparition Of
danger. by the rapidity and the pro-
portions of an attack which he has
neither the time nor the means to
parry.
In carrying out this decisive at
tack IT is necessary:
/. To complete the preparation
for 1t;
2. To execute Il;
3. To finish 1t and exploit IT,
We have to prepare for II be-
cause OF the fire-power Of the
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-16
pREPAPNTION MUST
DItIMATE ENEMY RANKS

10 fulfil rs double role, the prep
IratlOn' must attack the enemy
wherever no shows himself. inflici
serious losses ON him. deprive him
OF his nranh Uf action, paralyZe
him, menace him, SO AS to prevent
him from divcrting his forces else
where. Its attitude then must be
ciegrly offensive.
But = must at the Same time hofd
him II he hetomes menacing, N
must he able and know how to resist
So whatever II does. IL must prepare
ways and means OF defending itself
with success. 70 conquer and tu
he the formula OF the "prcpara-
ton"
The small number OF troops which
II has over u front generally extend.
ed VIII not pcrmi' me preparation
TO move together on the whole line
The offensive action wiz then tend
to hrea& itself into bits, IT viii
be directed TO capturing bits Of
ground. points Of support or domi-
mating positions, whose possession
win guarantees the easy conquest ana
the ultctior use OF the ground which
separates them,
on modern field OF battle whe.c
the resistance IL generally organized
In depth. behind first line OF OBJ
staclcs will be found second line.
and the troops taking part in the at
tacks, when deployed, engaged, con
founded among themselves, mus'
constantly be taken in hand by the
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-16
PREPARATION MEANS
SEARCH FOR OBJECTIVE.

"The preparation" haH for its
first object 10 furnish the command
with the ~informntion necessary for
the genera 10 direct and execute
In fun knowledge Of what ls going
on. the decisive act Of the battle.
Considered from this point ~ view,
IL comprises the search for tho oh
jectivs to strike, the Investigation
OF the ground, and of the roads
which lead there, as well rs the de
termination OF the situation OF the
enemy. II Is evident that the prep
aration" plays a role, Of shaping
the direction OF the coming attack,
and OF information, that continued
until the moment when the decisive
blow Is executed; but sometime this
extends back many days before the
battle begins. II large units are
acting. armies for example. infOrma-
tion gathered In these preceding
days about the location, and division
Of the enemy forces indicates at
once how We must divide and sta
ton ours, and fixed AZ n rule tho di-
rcctlon and the importance OF tho
decisive attack. which at the last
moment we Cnnnot dream OF pro-
foundly altering.
At the beginning. the "prepnra-
tlon" involves, as we have seen, col
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-16

called a demonstration" II calls for
extreme energy on the part OF the
soldiers For the troops under fire
for the secondary units behind the
first line. there Is only one thing to
do, to fight with the most extreme
vIpor and with all the means at their
disposal, utilizing even tools when
,hey have them. These are the only
principles which the soldier and the
units employed in the preparation"
ought 10 know To talk to them Of
demonstration" OF holding COM
bats" delaying actions" would
make them stop, would invite them
not TO 90 on, would prepare them for
fight, break their morale at the
moment when it is most necessary.
The delaying action" that lasts a
long time. into which the 'prepara-
ton" may resolve itself, is a result
Of application of the principle OF
economy 90 forces by the general-in-
chief which ne alone ought to ap-
preciate and determine. The high
command gives to :he preparation
a minimum of forces, with the object
Of reinforcing as much as possible
the decisive attack, the subordinate
command. charged with the "prepa-
ration" makes up and reinforces its
three lines as determined by the
front confided to 1t and the effects 1t
seeks to produce. The troops under
fire only know that they must fight
to the finish to conquer or to hold
out.
From these considerations 1t fol-
lows that every attack undertaken
must be pushed to the limit, every
defense commenced, must be sus-
tanned with the last energy. The
troops will not stop until at the end
OF their forces, when they are insuf-
ficiently sustained by following
waves Of men which the command
possesses, and whose Intervention. N
greater or less strength will thus con-
trol the progress made in accord
ance with the desire OF the general.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-16
Introduction by John Il. Bal
derston.)

We are officially assured that the
strategic resirve cf the allies IL in
tact At the same time wherever
the Germans have launched their
great attacks up to now. the British
have had to face Overwhelming num-
bers with tried and dcscimated
divisions Valuable ground has
been lost for want OF reserves. Yet
the fighting strength OF the allies
In the west IS not apprcciahly less
than that OF the enemy. What is
reason for this situation. Why do
Our men have to face such odds?
Foch Is no thcoretician who can
not put mis- theories into practice.
I'm the Marne campaign, he com
Dianded the Ninth army Within
the restricted scope of his own com
mand. he observed the principle Of
tie preparation" and the "dccis
i've ATTACK" that he recommends be
low, and Is carrying out today on
the largest scale ever known.
II was the fifth day Of the battle
French were being pushed back
over Iywhere. the army of FoCh IN
particular, in the center OF the line.
wavered and lost ground. On the
rest OF the line, the reserves were
engaged on both sides. Then, for
,his own army. Foch decided that
the preparation" was over. He
would pass to the execution" The
story goes that he wired Joffre. My
right is routed; NY left IN retiring
j attack with my center From that
incident. true or false. comes Foch's
nickname among his colleagues.
~Old J'attacquo"
Into the line foch threw. In II
mad charge, tWOs absolutely fresh
divisions. the only unengnged di-
visions In either French or Germnn
armies, and they went through the
Sayons liko butter. broke apart the
armies OF Won Hauscn and Won Rue
low, threw the Prussian Guards into
the marshes of St Gond, won the
battle. saved France. compelled The
German troops. victorious every b
where else, to retreat all along the
limo The victory was due to toch's
belief In his principle, which made
IL possible for him "a Keep those
divisions out OF action when the
crisis OF the battle had apparently
been reached and his own men were
( razorodge from disaster, ~
HOLDING OUT.
tBy GENERAL FERDINAND
BOCH.
Wv THATEvER the future. all
VA that has been said on the
J" philosophy of brttl" and
w the deduct hons thcrefrom
will remain fundamentlly true, since
the same moral being, man, always
I fights tho battle tho same laws OF
mechanics rule the forces engaged
Consequently. the different acts of
< the battle must remain the same:
I "preparntion.' execution" and 'ex-
ploitation" of the decisive attack.
The task OF the command consists,
Z as in the past, In foreseeing these
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-16

phases from the beginning, and
In adopting a division OF forces
which tend
], 70 protect ourselves from the
enemy, which means 10 oppose him
wherever nc shOws himself, with
forces Capable of holding out all
time that the preparation lasts.
2. 70 organize tho decisive act
which m"anE 10 reserve mass OF
men, ready 10 strike unexpectedly
or TO Intervene Ht the right time
IN the fight, when the mass either
attacks or countrr-attacks.
This division Of available troops
To sati9fy the principle Of forces OF
economy, copsccroias:
TO the preparation, the number
strictly necessary.
To Ihc execution. the greatest
number possible.
TO the exploitation. al forces
that will remain capable Of action.
AhUslute rules, lcCurdinr ~
mathematical proportions cannot De
fiScd for this division u the whole.
and the strength of the reserve
at the supreme hour especially.
must evidently depend upon tho In.
tcilipcncc on, has nt the moment
about the enemy. upon CiI"um
stances. and ON the temper Of the
general who commands.
The preparation cNtcnds 10 nll
dlspogtious taken with the object
Of making ptssiblc. OricntlnE and
protectmg, the execution ~ mat
supreme attack which constitutes
the soul of the battle. II Is the
detclopmcnt Of the iica ~ protOc-
tion takcn here IN ~ largest s"nsc,
and Includes the provision of cover,
and the movement Of troops In SAFE.
Is from tho blows Of the cnt'uy
90 long as wo are not In position to
lnflict blows on him gnd to striNc
him hard
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-16

the others must he held at dis
tance, reserved 10 feed the "propara-
ton" and keep 1t going. Although
this preliminary fighting is often
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-16
DECISIVE ATTACK MUST
STRIKE At RIGHT TIME.

The preparation" by It's continu-
ally offensive action, has finally cap
tured the first lines OF the enemy,
seized his advance posts. immohiliz-
ed him by its series OF efforts and by
the menace Of renewed attacks. 1t
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-16
"HOLDING BATTLE' WRONG
TERM FOR ACTION.


The long struggle Of the combat Of
'prcpa ration" h0s been called i'm
properly a holding battle" in real
ity II puobably becomes a constant
offensive, pursued everywhere, and
moreover under difficult conditions,
and in case of failure 1t transforms
itself into defensive, in ad-
vance and sustained stuhhornly re-
naming. whether offensive or de-
fensive the inverse Of a holding or
delaying battle
To attack the important positions
on the battlefield, TO take them. 10
install themselves there to defend
them if they are attacked, to retakc
them II thcy are lost, TO make out OF
them new bases for further progress
II the enemy does not attack them,
these are the aims with which the
troops NJ the preparation" ought to
he inspired, until the enemy ahan-
dons all hope OF winning and gives
up the position, or until they them
selves are stopped and entirely eN-
hausted. But even In the latter case
they must still install themselves be
fore the enemy to menace him and
throw him back II he tries to ad-
vance,
As has been seen the preparation
is a suulutude Of partial comhats. OF
which each one to end in a success,
10 reach It's own decision Chat is, the
conquest of the given OhJecuvc) must
comprise lts own. decisive act, the
convcrEeUce toward the same point
aj the same instant Of all available
efforts, co-ord,nated. This decisive
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-16

commanders ot the sIfallcr units ca
bcrahle to undertake new combined
efforts against the numerous obJec-
tives which they have to assault sue
cessNcly. and together. FOR to act to-
grthcr ls tho Indispensable condition
Il success.
The troops OF the preparation
while it is going on. will soon appear
tu us as engaged. not in a single &C
tlon. but in many partial comhats,
independent Of each other, which
have for object the conquest OF the
cncmy's strong points.
But tho enemy Will try the same
game as ourselves until he has been
completely immobilIzed, or seek 70
rcconqucr the positions he has lost.
and SO will result series of often
sivc and defensive actions, for the
possession OF particular positions,
which generally will give to the figh.
OF the preparation" Il particular
character OF tenacity, stubbornness
and length, wearing out the troops
and material resources OF the enemy
causing losses and moral and physi-
cal fatigue, all Of which are results
Ia be desired.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-16

Wv THATEvER the future, all
I that has been said on the
wv philosophy OF bIttl" and
w the deduct hons thcrefrom
The Nenana daily news., 1918-10-10
HUN AIR LOSSES

Steady increase of German air plane losses is admitted by Captain Otto Lehman, in an article published in the Berlin Tageblatt, reviewing the progress of aerial warfare dur ing the year 1917-1918. Captain Lehman attributes the growing losses to two causes: Development of the fighting airplane as weapon against enemy infantry, and the enhancement of the number of fight ing machines due to the transfer of those on the Eastern or Russian front, to the West front.
 "It will be noticed that since Janu- ary and February, 1918, our figures for losses show steady increase" Captain Lehman writes. "The reason for that, however, is the increased participation of airplanes resulting from the fact that the German fly CTS who have been operating on the Eastern front migrated to the Vest ern front when fighting ceased in the Russian theater. The increased participation, of course, resulted logically in larger total loss.
 "The Eastern flyer, who had been accustomed to quite different fight ing conditions, in the beginning, un doubtedly had to pay bloody ap- premiership in fighting with French and British The Russian as an aerial opponent is nowise to be com pared with the Frenchman and Eng lishman.
 "It would be fundamentally wrong to draw the conclusion from the rise in German losses at the begin ming of 1918, that our superiority had waned. Still another factor ex- plains our higher losses. As an in fantry plane the aerial weapon is taking part in considerably increas- ed measure in fighting the attackers on land. Entire squadrons of battle planes, so called infantry flyers, ac- company the storming of the never
The Nenana daily news., 1918-10-10
POSTCARDS WANTED

Old picture post cards and photo- graphs of France and Belgium of any of the territory now occupied by the Germans are needed by the war de- partment, according to an open let ter written recently by William Gug- genheim, chairman of the Army and Navy Committee of the American Defense Society to the American people. This letter which is written at the request of Major A. G. Camp bell, of the Military Intelligence Branch of the war department reads :: 'I urge patriotic Americans to for ward any picture post cards, photo- graphs and prints of any of the towns and of the country now occu- pied by the Germans in Belgium and Northern France to the American De- fense Society at A East 23rd Street, New York City, from where they will be sent to the war department. as they will be of value to our off cers, abroad who can familiarize themselves with the appearance of localities toward which they are ad- vancing, which will undoubtedly be a distinct aid ip roi1itarv oporatiops
 q especially urge the people who have travelled abroad and who have collected postal cards to carefully sort these with view to their being used by the war department Writ ten description of the territory all ready mentioned will be of consider able value"
The Nenana daily news., 1918-10-10
WEEKLY FORCE REPORT

There were 629 employees on the Commission pay roll, and PIP sta tlonmen and GA stationmen laborers for the week ending October 5th. This force was distributed as fol- lnIuS.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-10-10
UNDESIRABLE CITIZENS

Knute Berkeland is a Cordova reg istrant who requests exemption from military service because he has taken out first citizenship papers, but not the final papers. He is the second Cordova registrant to take advantage of the Scandinavian treaty rights to escape fighting for the country he. is making his living in. Valdez also has a number of these alien slackers, says the Valdez Miner, and the blush of shame caused by their presence is sufficient to warm the city without using any fuel for the purpose. Their presence in Valdez is as undesirable as an overcoat in Hades.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-10-10

failing infantry and by taking full advantage of their speed, attack the enemy reserves at low attitudes with bombs and machine guns.
 These attacks are made often at the ridiculously low attitudes of 100 metres and even 10 metres. It is therefore, at first glance clear, that these new tasks expose the airplanes to every shot fired from the earth, and must increase our loss account" :"
The Nenana daily news., 1918-10-10
ZONE FARE SYSTEM
 PLAN OF COMPANY

PHILADELPHIA zone sys- tenn of fares upon the street rail- way lines of Philadelphia is pro- posed by the Philadelphia Rapid Transit company in statement to the Public Service Commission. The company controls all the lines in the city.
 Under this system five-cent fares will be in force for rides in a cer- tain portion of the city, and addi- tional fares will be charged for longer rides. For some months the company has been endeavoring to secure from the Service Commission and city councils permission to raise fares to six cents, but this has hung fire. Now the traction officials propose to put the zone system in force January 1.