davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19
JOHN MARSHALL To
MEET BENED|CTIAE
John Marshall and Benedictinc to
Play First Game OF Prep
School League Today.

Duke Kleveeahfs fast Benedictine
nine will meet the John Marshall
High school nine at Byrd park this
afternoon at O'Clock. The old rival
ry between the two teams will make
the first game of the city prep school
league hard-fought one through
out. The cadets are determined to
add another defeat to that one given
John Marshall last Monday afternoon
by Petersburg.
Captain Stuart, of John Marsha II,
has been working his team hard every
day this week and rubbing his men
up in the bad points they made last
Monday against Petersburg. The
John Marshall team will lineup as
follows: Todd, c.; HARRISON. D.;
Stuart, IS. Riggs, ID; Kohler, 2b;
Patterson. 3b,: Turner, rf,: Ashbrook,
CT. Carroll. H.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19
ON OWNERSHIP
OF CITY HALL PROPERTY

San Francisco, April 17.--Mrs. Mary
Keenan, Dorian. of Los Angeles, has
filed a claim to strip of land run
ming directly under the very heart of
San E'rancisco's new 100000 city
hall
that her father, a wealthy real es-
tate owner, gave the strip, which is
thirty-ive feet wide. to the city, but
provided in the deed that the prop
erty would revert to his estate should
the city ever use 1t except as q street.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19
RICHMOND COLLEGE
PLAYS HIS. TIGERS

Having secured a good start in the
Eastern Virginia intercollegiate race.
Richmond college viii clash with
Ham Sidney tomorrow afternoon
on Stadium field, at westharnpton.
The Tigers won their opening game
against Randolph-Macon and the
game with the Spiders will decide
who gets the jump on the other
knight will probably be sent in
again in tomorrow's game. as he
twfrfed great bah against the Indians
wednesday afternoon. Skaggs is
the second choice to top the mound
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19
Indians Start at Last.

cleveland. O. April lS---The Indians
PLAYED their first game Of the season
today in a downpour of rain, defeat
ing the Tigers 10 . More than H..
oq0 fans watched the contest, despite
the weather Ths feature was an an
assisted double play made by Speaker
The score
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19
White Sox in Fine Style.

Chicago, April 1S.-The White Sox
displayed true form today, defeating
the Browns. to o. Williams held the
Browns to four hits Eddie Collins
stole his first base Of the season, while
GaEdil and Jackson did the heavy bat
ting OF the came
The zr.v.,
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19
Standing of The Clubs.


st Louis at Chicago
Philadelphia at Washington
New York at Boston 1.-TWO games}.
Detroit at Cleveland
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19
Cubs Take Contest.

ST. Louis, April 1S-The Chica-o
cubs took the second game of their
series with the CARDINALS there TO-DAY
10 4 Jim Vaughn although he hit
Smith and MIDI several wind pitches
was never in danger.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19
Totals .-.ss is IL 81 s
Merchants National.

Summary Three-base hit--Lyle.
Home run--Carter. Sacrifice hit
Conrad. stolen bases-Eibel. Cox,
Knox. Conrad t21, Carter, Wharton
t2), Payne. Hits-Off Eibel, in 5
innings: off Rice. in innings.
Bases on ba1ls-By Ethel. g. by Rice,
2: by Carter, 4. Struck out-By
Eibel. 4; by Rice, O. by Carter. Is.
Time of game hours. Umpire
Miller.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19
Cincy Wins in Ninth.

Cincinnati April TS.--A ninth-inninE
rally. scoring four runs. gave the Reds
victory over the Pirates today. Lee
Magee second baseman bought by
Matbewsop, of st Louis. was the hero
of the day. His single started the rally,
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19
NATIONAL LEAGUE.


Chicago, 6. st. Louis. 4
Cincinnati, I; Pittsburg, s.
Boston Philadelphia train).
New York Brooklyn {wet grounds).
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19

Chicago at ST. Louis.
Boston at Philadelphia.
Brooklyn at New York.
Pittshurg at Cincinnati
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19
CHICAGO WHITE SOx
SHOW OLD-T|ME FORM
ST. Louis Nine, Making
Eleven Hits.
DETROIT LOSES TO CLEVELAND.
Indians Finally Open Season al Home,
Despite Showers-Speaker Gets Two
Hits in Three TrieS-Cobb Still
Out
AMERICAN LEAGUE
Yerterdax,n RESULT.

Chicago, 5; st. Louis. o.
Cleveland. s; Detroit, 2
Boston Philadelphia (rain).
New York-W a h n % n twct
%roundsJ.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19
CUBS BEAT CARDS
OUT IN THIRD GAME
Chicago Drives Doak From the Mound
and st, Louis is Forced to Use
Three pitchers.
VAUGHN HOLDS OUT WELL.

Cincinnati Noses Bezdek's Pirates Out
i'm Close Game BY n Sensational
Ninth-fnning Rally Use Three
Huriers
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19

summary T~ base hits --~ GaHdu.
Felsch stolen bases w eaver. Jack
son ~. C3andil. r.. Collins. Fclsch, Ris-
hsrg Sacrifice hits--Demmltt. VIII
iiams. Double plays-tiedeon 10 Ger
hrr Left on baseS--St Louis, s Chi
cage s Bases op hslls-or Williams,
4 eff Shocker. 3 Hits-Otf Shocker.
10 IN seven innings; of Sothoron. in
one inning. OF Williams, in nine in
rings Struck out-~-By Williams. ;: by
Shocker. , Winning pitcher. Williams !
Losing pitcher. Shocker.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19

Summary; Two-base hits-Boland,
Coveleskie. Three-base hits-Dressen.
Roth. Stolen bases--Milier. Witt. Eli
SON. Sacrihce flies Kavanaugh.
wambsganss. Double plays Bush.
Young and Dressen: O'Neil and wambs-
ganss: Speaker (unassisted). Left on
basee--Detroit. 5: Cleveland. s. First
base on errors--Cleveland. 1. Bases on
baIls--On Erickson. 9: of Coveleskie.
.. Hits--OH Boiand, 8 in six innings
OF Erickson. 5 in two innings Struck
eut--By Coveieskie. 4. Losing pitcher
Erickson.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19

Stolen bases-Carey, StengeI t2), Neale.
Cutshaw. Sacrifice hies--Cutshaw, Nc
Kechnie, Double play--Stengel to Moll-
WITH Left on bases--Pittsburgg s.; Gin
cinnati. . First base on errors--Pitts-
burg, 2: Cincinnati, l. Bases on balls
or Miller, l; off Harmon, /: of Bres-
sler. ). Hits-Off Miller, in eight
innings fnone out in ninth). of Har-
mon. / In one (none ont in ninth): Off
Carlson, (none out in ninth); of Bres-
sler, In eight innings; Off Conley.
in one inning. Struck out--By Miller.
A.. by Bressler. g. Winning pitcher,
Conley; losing pitcher. Harmon.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19
CinciB natl.

xNone out when winning run scored.
zBatted for BressIer in eighth.
Score by innings; n
Pittsburg .,..,,......, 002 002 020--6
Cincinnati ...........,. 100 600 204--7
Summary: Two-base hit Chase
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19

fellows are at their best between nine
teen and twenty five and begin 10 slip
rapidly afterward. At twenty eight
or so. when the heavies are still go
ing great, the little men are about
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-04-19

xBatted for May in seventh.
zBatted for Howard in ninth.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19

The following and list voters registered
Mineral County prior to October IT, 1915 Elec
ton be held on the 9th day of November, A. D.
Every registered for Election should
examine the list carefully and OMISSION displacement or
other rreguary found their registration to 90 to the office
Registrar the County Clerk same corrected
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19

BELLEVILLE PRECINCT
p. o. 'Address-Mina. Nevaa4
Bass, A. A.
Bass, Anna
Gasch, w. H.
Haight, Ira
Rutty, Joseph
Stone, A. L.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19
QUEEN PRECINCT
z. O.. MI. Montgomery Nevada

QUEEN PKEtINl1
,. o., Mt. Montgomery Nevada
Anderson, Ida
Anderson, Sylvester f.
Ford, Nettie Maybelle
Ford, A. A.
Heard, James, Henry
Kenefake. Chas.
Lochrie, Andrew
Moots, VIM.
Morris, Jas. E.
Morrie, Hazel M.
Negrete, Rafael
Page, Edward
Stevens, Albert
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19

Leavenworth. H. J.
Lupton, NJ. F.
Millsaps, d. w.
Renfro, John E.
MeEntee, James
Rogers, Nervel A.
Rogers, John H.
Stewart, John
Spellman, l.. w.
Smith, Edgar, T. P. o. Ad-
dress, Montgomery, New.
Sinnott, H. C.
Sinnott, Hilda A.
Shafer. S. J.
Taylor, A. T.
Wright, w. d.
Wright, Madge
Collar. Daniel j.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19
CAMBRIDGE PRECINCT
). o. Address-Wichman, New.

CAMBRIDGE PRECINCT
p. o. Address-Wichman, New.
Bartholomew, L. H.
Bartholomew, Elnor
Bell, Walter L.
Bell, Imogene
Chapman, F. M.
Charlesbois, Georgia
Charlesbois, Frank
Charlesbois, Orel
Charlesbofs, Abe
Del Re, Andrea. P. O. Ad-
dress, Yerington, Nevada
Knapp, o. l..
Lewis, G. A.
Lewis, Harry
Lewis, Annetta D.
Morgan, H. S.
Matthews, Joe
Morgan, Alice H.
Morgan, W.. H.
Richardson, Geo. w.
Thompson, C. R. P. 0. Ad-
dress, Yerington, Nevada
Tyler, Charles
Wichman, Mabel R.
Wichman, John H.
Wichman, Jas. II.
HAWTHORNE PRECINCT
p. o. Address-Hawthorne New.
Ashby, G. A.
Ashby, Mrs. Ruby
Albright, VIM.
Andrews, Mrs. John
Andrews, John
Bergerson, t.
Ballinger, w. E.
Balzar, Idelle. Sinnamon
Balzar, Mary A.
Berry, J. A.
Banner, Harry,
Box, E. F.
Burr, Merrill J
Burkham, Josephine S.
Box, Chas. A., Jr.
Box, w. G..
Box, Mrs. Minnie
Balzar. F. B.
Burkham, C. B.
Bowen. Mrs. Ben. I.
Burr, Mrs. Helen N.
Baey, Adam
Curran, Andy
Connolly, Marie
Clair, Miles
Clancy, T. l..
Copus, j. N.
Copus, Mrs. Fannie
Crutcher, Mrs. NJ. T.
Chiono, John
Dondero, Mike
Dimoct, Chas. l..
Dondero, Mrs. Kate
Dimock, Mrs. Halle f.
Derig, Joseph
Derig, Freida
Davis, Laura A.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19

p. o. Address, Nina. Nevada
Beck, E. L.
Fasick, Geo. W.
Fasick, Nettie
Noble, Chas.
Noble, Laura A.
Stewart, Robert
Vandersail, Harvey B.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19
SMEETWATER PRECINCT

SWEETWATER PRECINCT
p. o., Sweetwater, Nevada
Atcheson, Made
Atcheson, Mrs. Jas.
Atcheson, X. C.
Atcheson, Jas.
Baglin, Frank
Bennett. VIM.
Beck, Philip
Conway, p. j.
Conway, Mrs. p. j.
Conway, j. A.
Costigan, G. p.
Compston, Ida M.
Compston, James
Compston, Frank
Compston, Mrs. Frank
Dawson. j. G.
Fredericks. J. f.
Gillespie, G. T..
Gillespie, Mrs. G. E.
ileIlfY, u. d.
Harvey, j. A.
Hayes, Earl r.
Hayes, Nettie M.
Jones, Dale C.
Jones. Artie G.
Kelly, C. M.
Kelly, Mrs. C. M.
Lee, Gus A.
Miller, Chas.
Miller. Mrs. Chas.
Munger, Andy
O'Hagen, Patrick
Parr. Edward
Roach. w. H.
Roach, Mrs. Anna M.
Sturgeon, Maude E.
Sturgeon, A. G.
Thatman, R. P.
Wood. R. R.
Willott, Geo.
Werner, Audrey A.
Werner, A. R.
Yparraguirre, F. L.
Yparraguirre, Frank
Yparraguierre, P. M.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19
AURORA PRECINCT

AUkORa GhEOiNCl
O. Address-AurOra, Nevada
Anderson, Emil
Boerlin, Clara A.
Boerlin, Henry Craze, Fred
Cain, D. V.
Cain, Jas. l.
Cain, Blanche L.
Doe, |. B.
Erickson, John A.
Faudre, Mrs. C.
Faudre, C. l..
Glazier, j. H.
Hansen, Abe
Jorger, Chas.
Kelly, j. N.
LaCass, Jerry
LaCass, Florence
Laughlin, W R.
Lesley, Percy
Lopez, Joseph B
Lumsden, Jas. j.
Lynott, Tony
Lalrendeau, P. E.
Laurendeau, Lulu B.
Mingle, M.
McKeough, Edna J.
McKeough, w. j.
Mcmillan, Daniel
McRae, w. A.
Moore, Jean
Moore, w. E.
Mohahan, C. ].
Monahan, Elizabeth M
Morgan, Amelia
Morgan, Perry
Myers, Michael
Murphy, Mrs. Belle
Murphy, Lille B.
Murphy, L. A.
Osborn, Hattie L.
Osborn, l.. w.
Ravenelle, z. B.
Shaw, Art
Shaw, Della
Stromer., A. e.
Sharpe, Clarence C. P. o.
ADMINISTRATORS, New.
Sharpe, Olivia. P. o. Ad-
dress, Fletrher, Nevada.
Sharpe, T. C. P. o. Address
Fletcher. Nevada.
Travis, A. A.
Taylor, Al.
Taylor, Elizabeth
Unfried. T. H.
Wilson, Jas.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19

Ferretti, E.
Ferretti, Laura
Flick. H. j.
Fuller, Mrs. Annie M.
Ferretti, Mrs. Elizabeth
Flick, Mrs. H. j.
Graham, David
Gallaghep, J. W. I
Gerbig, o.
Gerbig Bertha
Gill, John
Grutt, Eugene
Grutt, Louise A
Gilkey, Ada S. P. o. Ad-
dress, Thorne, Nevada.
Gilkey, C. r. P. o. Address,
Thorne, Nevada.
Hamlen, M. G.
House, F. B.
House, Anna M
Hamlen, Grace A.
Hunt, Jas. A.
Halter, Hugo. P. o. Ad-
dress, Thorne, Nevada.
Ingalls,, o. D.
ingalls,, Verna
ingalls,, j. W.
Howell, Fred
Jones, Joe
Junberg, Jan A.
Jensen, Henry
Kee, Mrs. Chung
Kelso, S. 7.
Knopf, Michael
Knapp, j. S.
Laiola, G. B.
Loban, R. H. P. O. Ad-
dress, Thorne, Nevada.
Layton, Jack
Mccarthy, j. A.
Mccarthy, j. A.
Mccarthy, M. R.
Mccarthy, A. j.
Mccarthy, Ada F.
Mcleod, H. S.
Mcleod, Lillian
McInnis, G. A.
McInnis, Mrs. Annie T.
Mack, j. T.
Miller, Alvey
Millar, M. D.
Melrose, John R.
Mallory, Mrs. Annie D.
Mallory, John w.
Montague, Edward L. P. O.
Address, Thorne. Nevada.
Montague. Tom. P. o. Ad-
dress. Thorne, Nevada.
Miller, j. H.
Midgeley. Mrs. Anna
Nicolas, Malvina
Nolkemper, F. J.
Nicolas, Mrs. P.
Nicolas, Pierre
Niblet, VIM.
Ostrander, Jos. N.
Ostrander, Ermina
Ostrander, Hattie M.
Papa, Antoine
Purcell, Wilhelmina
Pitcher, Ed
Pitcher, Anna
Peterson, A.
Qualey, F. D.
Powers, Richard, P. o. Ad-
dress, Thorne, Nevada.
Powers, Edmond E. P. o.
Address, Thorne, Nevada.
Platts, John B.
Pearce, VIM.
Roberts, Mrs. Josephine
Rockwell, Mrs. G. w.
Rockwell. G.. w.
Rodrig, Jas. P. o. Address,
Thorne, Nevada.
Schneider, Oscar
Slagel, Josephine Ruiz
Spafford, A. C.
Stannard, G. B.
Stannard, Mrs. Marie
Summerfeld, Mrs. Lydia
Sturgeon, John II.
Spencer, M. E.
Simmonettik. A.
Spencer, C. l..
Summerfeld, A.
Sampsell, Joseph
Ulrich, L. II.
Vuiacich, Perko
Whipple. Doris
Wah, Bing
Wallace. Fred
Wallace, Mrs. Fred
Young, Richard
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19
RAWHlDE PRECINCT
=. o. Address, Rawhide, Nevada

Bafford, Cora, Mrs.
Brink, Anna k.
Brink, X.
Bafford, C. w.
Coveney, c. w.
Campbell, Alex. f.
Darragh, Pat
Flynn, Thos. j.
Gorgan, Geo.
Haines, j. M.
Knight, Henry
Kelly, VIM.
Kelly, Joseph A.
Livingstone, Daniel
Leonard, w. H.
Leonard, Mrs. w. H.
Matthews. Jas. f.
Proskey, Alex. S.
Rosenberg, A. |.
Ross, j. P.
Robinson, Edwin H.
Red, Jennie
Simons, Catherine
Spencer, Margaret
Spencer, H. L.
Salmon, Patrick
Schaff, Fred
frost, George
Reed, Geo.
Williams, Chas. T.
Wadman, c. J.
Woodruff. VIM. A.
Wedell, M. R.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19
SCHURZ PRECINCT

P. 0. Address, Schurz, Nevada
Brown, Leila
Brown, Jos. f.
Bradford, JAS. G.
Bradford, Mrs. J. G.
Benway, Franklin M.
Burris, Roht. E.
Burris, Mrs. Henrietta F..
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19
WINGFIELD PRECINCT
u A ddrncr urn.n

WINGFIELD PRECINCT
;. o. Address, Aurora, Nevada
Adams, V. L.
Amigo, Louise H.
Amigo, S. H.
Monnemort, R. J.
Cavillo, Jas.
Gushing, Elizabeth L.
Cushing, Jas. G.
Dillon, j. P.
Dickel, Theo. E.
Eastburn, Clifton B.
Fields, Mrs. J. C.
Fields. ]. G.
Filosena, Pete
Hardy, Mrs. Bonnie T.
Houlahan, Katheryn, M.
Hughie, Mrs. Harriet
Hughie, Paul
Henry, P. J.
Hardy, R. A.
Mcneil, Jos. L.
Mcneil, j. L.
McCafferty, Ella
McCafferty, F. A.
McCafferty, F. E.
Marsh, Alice J.
Marsh, Harold E.
Matthews, VIM.
Ohmert. j. B.
Ohmert, Mrs. Maybelle
Powers, Pat T.
Putt. Chas.
Putt, Florence
Riley, Moreno So
Riley, w. H.
Ross, w. P.
Raymond, w. E.
Smith. Robt.
Wheeler, Lee J.
Valid, Mae V.
Valid, w. R.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19

COPPER NTH. PRECINCT
p. o. Address, Rand. Nevada
Ewing, Richard
Ewing, Guy H.
Hopper, Florence
Hopper, Archie
Jollis, Frank
Wood, ST. Clair
Wood, Ethel
Wilkinson, d. R.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19
NEW YORK CANYON PRE-
CINCT-P. o. Address. Lun-

EW YORK CAN lON PIKE
CINCT-P. o. Address. Lun-
ing, Nevada.
Allen, 7. j.
Anderson, John A.
Boyd, Walter e.
Bachman, Alma
Bachman, c. f.
Bowen. j. H.
Bidwell, T. w.
Bidwell, Della
Brown. II. M.
Ben, Joe
Cape, Henry M.
Cobb, Fred
Cook, VIM.
Connolly, John j.
Donahue, Thos. j.
Fisher, j. H.
Frank, Chas.
Green, Arthur p.
Gum, Victor
Harris, Ray W.
lehman, Harry
Holtgreen Gus
Kelley, J. M:
Kinsella, Tom.
Heating, Chas.
Kesler J. F.
Kreuger. Chris.
Jordan. Alice
Jordan Geo. w.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19
NOLAN PRECINCT

NUIAN PKECINUT
p. O. Address, Rand, Nevada
Anderson, John Y.
Beach, Dewitt C.
Brooks, Mrs. r. A.
Frank, John
Hempel, c. NJ.
Lappatt, Edward
Mercer. Lemuel R.
Randall, R. J.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19

OMCO PRECINCT
p. o. Address, OmcO, Nevada
Arneson, Geo. M.
Barnes, Grin
Bonham, Harry H.
Cornell, Pat
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19

CANDELARIA PRECINCT
p. o. Address, Nina, Nevada
Chafey, Il. s.
Chafey, Nellie M.
Brown, Albert
Enright, VIM,
Fogerty, VIM. A.
CRUDE, Blanche A.
CRUDE, Fred G.
King, Peter
Kelly, Mrs. M.
Walker Lake bulletin. (Hawthorne, Nev.) 1883-1926, 1918-10-19

LUCKY BOY PRECINCT
p. o. Address, Lucky Boy, New.
Dellapiazzo, Pedro
Fitting, Martin
George, Mrs. L.
Halter, Silver
George, B. J.
Halter. Edward
Kripner, ]. M.
Mandich, Dan
Wilds, Albert
The Elbert County tribune., 1918-03-29
EASTER SUNDAY
new YEARS DAY
Originally Marked the Beginning
Of the Twelve Months-Spring
Festivals In Vogue Long
Before the Time of
Christianity.
By REV. ARTHUR HOLT.

- ASTER Sunday was formerly
X equivalent to New Years day;
though not the first day Of the
year 1t was the day on which
the opening Of the year was celebrated.
Historically the Christian Easter is
simply a continuation of the Jewish
Passover, which was celebrated on the
14th day Of the first month of the Jew
ish year-that is, on the day Of the
first full moon next following the day.
Of the equinox. 1t has been questioned
whether any special observance Of this
day was practiced or enjoined by the
apostles and the early Church Fa-
Tiers; yet the words Of st. Paul Il Cor.
6:7-8) seem to sanction If they do not
recommend an observance Of some sort
and foreshadow the thought which
came finally to underlie 1t: For even
Christ our passover Is sacrificed for
us. Therefore let us keep the feast,
not with old leaven, neither with the
leaven Of malice and wickedness, but
with the unleavened bread of SINGER
ity and truth" According to the Jew
ish tradition, the Passover commemo-
rated the passing Of the Angel of
Death over the houses Of the Israelites
In Egypt. the doorposts and lintels of
which had been sprinkled with the
blood of the paschal lamb. The Chris
tians, in adopting the festival, gave 1t
a new Significance. For them the Saw
ior became the true Paschal Lamb, and
the new festival commemorated His
resurrection on the third day following
the Crucifxion.
The proper day for celebrating East
er was one of the questions which the
Council of Nice "a. d. 325) was called
upon to decide. By the Eastern Chris
tians it was at that time celebrated on
the same day as the Jewish Passover,
without regard to the day Of the week
on which 1t might fall. Among the
Western Christians, who held that the
crucifixion occurred on a Friday and
the resurrection on Sunday, there
had arisen a custom of celebrating
Easter on the first Sunday following
the 14th of the first month. and to this
custom was given the official sanction
of the council. Furthermore, the rule
then established for fixing upon the
proper Sunday was designed partly to
prevent the possibility Of Easter ever
falling on the same day as the Pass
over, but the rule has failed on several
occasions to prevent this coincidepce,
and at rare intervals the two festivals
came together.
Changes In Calendar.
The old Roman year, like the Jewish
year. began In March. when the sun en-
tered the constellation Aries. When the
The Elbert County tribune., 1918-03-29

many of the observances which 1t be-
queathed to Easter. Thus 1t was for
merly custom all through the north
of Germany, on the night of Easter
Sunday or the third night following, to
kindle bonfires on all the heights, af-
fording magnificent spectacle, when
these fires were to be seen here and
there over miles of country. This GUS
tom had become simply a mode Of
merrymaking, but 1t is held with plaus-
ibility that originally the bonfire was
symbolical of the new fire that was to
warm the earth and quicken 1t into re-
newed life after the cold embrace Of
winter.
Ancient Popular Belief.
Another Indication Of the ancient
solar character Of this festival is an
old popular belief, said to survive still
in Brandenburg and Saxony, that the
sun at the moment of rising on the
morning Of Easter gives three joyous
leaps, that he dances with youthful
joy. This curious belief was not con-
fined to Germany. In the middle dis
tricts of Ireland, according to Brand,
1t was customary, after spending East
er eve in merrymaking and carous-
ing-watching the pot boil, the con-
tents of which were to break the long
Lenten fast, yet must not be touched
before the growing OF the cock-for
the whole company of revelers to go
out just at daybreak to see the rising
sun take his three Easter leaps. Sir
Thomas Browne, writing of popular
errors, mentions thus quantity the ex-
istence of this belief in England: "We
shall not, hope, disparage the resur-
rection of our Redeemer, If we say that
the sun doth not dance on Easter day ;
and though would willingly assent
| unto any sympathetic exultation, yet
we cannot conceive therein more than
a . tropical (figurative) expression"
Perhaps there is no more striking Illus
tration than this of the power of an
Inherited belief to live ON In spite Of
the testimony of all experience agninst
1t. In some places, apparently as an
alternative for giving up the belief
wholly, it was held that In order to
witness these three leaps one must
| look, not at the sun itself, but at the
reflection of 1t in pool of clear water,
AS last resort, to save the belief, the
sun might be made to dance. Brand
could recall that when he was a boy
he had seen "a vessel full of water set
in the open air, in which the reflected
sun seemed to dance. from the tremu-
lous motion of the water::' If the
mountain will not come to Mahomet,
then Mahomet must go to the noun
| tain.
Among the customs handed down
through long ages and accepted by the
Church were those of Easter eggs and
the Easter tale which the preacher told
from the pulpit. in lieu of sermon,
connecting it with Christian reminis-
cences. Later still there were In Ger
many dramatic shows, named Oster-
spiele, executed by twelve performers,
one Of whom, apparently, was the
leader, and represented Summer beat
ing Winter out of the land. The dances
and sports prevalent at this season In
Germany among the youths and maid
ems appear sometimes to have been
marked with something of the loose
ness characteristic Of the floral games
In Italy.
The Elbert County tribune., 1918-03-29

calendar was reformed under julius
Caesar, the year was made to begin on
the first day of January. After the
adoption of Christianity in Europe, the
date of the beginning of the year was
changed to March in most countries, SO
that Easter became recognized as a
New Years day. The reform of the
calendar by Pope Gregory, In 1852,
again changed the day on which the
year began, although in England it
continued to begin on the 25th of
March until the adoption of the new
style" there in 1852.
Christianity found Spring festivals
already In vogue in heather Europe,
and to these oldtime festivals many of
the customs and superstitious rites still
connected with Easter are clearly
traceable. The name Easter, given to
the day by the Teutonic nations-the
Roman nations have retained the old
Hebrew name, pascha, under modified
forms, as the Jour de Paques, Of the
French-is derived by Bede from Eos
ter or Ostara, the name of an old
Anglo-Saxon goddess, in whose honor
Spring festival was celebrated.
Grimm was unable to find any mention
Of deity Of this name among the an
cient Germans, but from the fact that
the month Of April still bears the name
ostermonat Tin Old High German os-
tarmanoth), he did not doubt that such
goddess, probably 'the divinity of
the radiant dawn" had been known
among them. The old Oster festival
was clearly of solar character, eel
ebration in honor of the birth or the
rejuvenation Of the sun Of the new
year. This Is made evident, aside from
walls In other parts Of the world. by