davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-07
GiUe Evidence On
Unfair Coal Rate
nv Associated prsaa. !,

Minneapolis, May Goal dealers
from North Dakota. South Dakota
and Minnesota presented evidence at
the opening hearing today on their
application for q reduction of inter-
state coal rates from the head OF
lakes to interior points. Examiner
Charles F. Garry represented the in
terstate commerce commission.
Dealers contend that interstate
rates are discriminatory and should
be reduced to the basis Of Mime
sofa intrastate rates.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-07
ASK INCREASED IN
LIGNITE PRICES
(Rv Associated Press.l }

Washington. May 7.-Declaring the
present price Of $3.50 a ton is too low
and that an increase is necessary to
stimulate production, representatives
OF the North Dakota Ignite coal
mine operators association today
asked the fuel administration to ad-
vance the price. The operators said
it costs from $3.50 to $3.50 ton to
produce Ignite and asked a price
that would give them profit OF 25
cents a ton.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-07
FORRCAsT.

Mflnesota-Geneu fair tonight
and "wednesday; not much change In
temperature.
North Dakota Partly cloudy to-
night and Wednesday,; warmer tonight
in southwest portion. m
South Dakota Generally fair to-
night and wednesday; warmer to-
night In west portion.
Montana ~ Partly cloudy tonight
and wednesday,; warmer tonight in
southeast portion: cooler Wednesday
in west and central Portions
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-07
OOerrnQn Bill rs
Reported tO House

washington, May THE over
man bin, granting broad powers to
the President TO reorRanize and Coz
ordinate government departments,
was ordered favorab1y reported TO
the house today by the judiciary
committee, by a vote OF 16 to j.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-07
ONLY TWO RAIDS
REPORTED ALONG
BRITISH FRONT
DURING NIGH T
(By Associated Press.l

British Headquarters in France,
May Via Ottawa--There was a
terrific bombardment Of two hours
| duration last night in connection
with two raids. One was carried out
by the enemy, and was unsuccess-
| full. The other was by the Cana
dians, pear Neuville- Vitasse, south
west Of Arras. The Canadian raid
ers reported that many Germans
were killed or wounded In hand-to-
hand fighting and great destruction
was wrought in the enemy's defense
| works.
Heavy rains are rendering the
ground very bad for fighting. I'm
doubtedly the enemy is preparing for
another violent blow, but the Brit
ish are ready to meet it.
The French Report.
Paris, May 7.-Active artillery
fighting occurred last night on both
sides Of the Avre on the front south
east of Amiens, the war Office an
nounces,
The statement follows:
"The artillery on both sides was
active north and south of the Avre.
A German raid against a small
French post near Hangard was re-
pulsed. In the same region we car
ried out q local operation and
brought back prisoners.
There is nothing 10 report else
where on the front"
The British Report.
London, May THE British made
a successful raid last night near
1 Ia -
| ras, the war office reports. Three ma
| chine guns were captured.
The statement follows:
I'VE carried out a successful raid
last night in the neighborhood of
| Neuville- -Vitasse Con the front re-
Gently taken over by the Canadians)
and captured a few prisoners and
three machine guns, with slight cas-
| ualties to our troops. A raid at
| tempted by the enemy near Boyelles
was repulsed. There is nothing
further to report"
British Casualties.
London, May 7.-British casualties
reported during the week ending to-
day reached total Of S8,691. OF
this number, 6,555 officers and men
were killed or died Of wounds, and
32,13 were wounded or reported
missing. The casualties were divid-
ed as follows "
Killed or. died of wounds: Officers,
499; men, 6,056.
Wounded or missing: Officers, l.
$50; men 30,27T. --
British casualties reported during
April, starting with low figures in
the first week began to mount rap
idly thereafter, SO that the total for
the month reached 62,475. The re-
CONTINUED on page 81
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-07
coNsoLIpATIoN URGED.

Fingal, N. D., May 7.-Governor
Frazier. speaking here Monday
evening. urged for the consolidation
of schools in this vicinity. The gov
ernor told Of the SUCCESS of consoli-
dation in other parts OF the state.
The matter will be put to q vote in
the June election. The governor de-
clared that he was proud of North
Dakota's record In the third Liberty
Loan campaign.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-07
Auto Output Must
Be Again Reduced
(Rv Associated Press. !

Washington. May 7.-Leading pas
senger automobile manufacturers
met with the war industries board
today to discuss further curtailment
Of their industry to release steel and
other materials needed for war work.
The government is prepared to en-
force restriction IL the manufactur-
ers do not consent to curtailment.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-07
British Casualties.

CONTINUED on page 81
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-07

Continued On page 30
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-22

Sell the broken-mouthed ewes and
any others that have not proved good
producers. and get the Tvs flock in
good condition before breeding begins.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-22
How to Keep Tools.

Tools should be kept dry, for mois-
ture causes rust, which is very injuri-
GUS, especially to sharp-edged tools. In
climates where the atmosphere is
moist keep tools In a wall cabinet or
tool chest. If the atmosphere Is dry
they may be hung on the wall abous
the work bench or arranged on shelves.
II should be the aim to have a place
for every tool, and then cultivate the
practice of returning 1t to Its proper
place Immediately upon the compile
ton of the work In hand. A very good
plan for keeping the tools In their re-
spectlve places Is first to draw an out
line Of each tool in its place upon the
wall and then paint this space black or
some color In contrast with the wall
itself, so that when any tool is not in
its place Its absence will be readily
apparent.
Many persons are In the habit OF
leaving tools where they finish using
them. In the first place, a tool can
not be kept in working condition IL
allowed to remain exposed to the
weather, and In the second place the
time lost In locating the tool when IL
is next required for use will be much
greater than that which would be re-
Quired to return 1t to the proper place.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-22
Clean Barns Cleaner Mllk.

Construction of the dairy barn may
be less important than careful methods
In handling milk when keeping down
the bacterial content of the milk Is
considered. but the barn construction
may be such as TO tighten the labor
necessary TO keep the barn and Its
equipment In a clean condition.
The stable should have a hard floor
which can be readily cleaned for this
reason a dirt floor Is undesirable. A ce-
ment floor is easily cleaned and pre-
vents waste of the liquid manure II
Is likely 10 be- cold. however, and
therefore extra bedding IS required for
the COWS.
The gutter back Of the cows should
he large enough to hold the droppings
-one rs to Is inches wide and Z inches
deep Is usually suficient-and It
should incline so as 10 Drain readily
unless the liquid Is taken up by absorb
ents. The best types Of stalls and
mangers are those which present the
least surface for collecting dust and
dirt and the least obstruction to the
circulation Of air. Stalls Of wool have
May fat surfaces aud cracks which
ard difficult TO keep clean and r not
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-22
Brighten Bank Barns.

Very few farm buildings con-
structed Is or 20 years ago meet the
sanitary requirements of today. Bank
barns are generally dark and damp.
Light is often excluded from one or
more sides. thus making the stable
difficult TO keep clean. Stables which
have Easements open on one side for
the n furnish a breeding place
for flies. Barns which have many ex-
posed beams, braces and lodges on
which dust may lodge are undesirable.
In these old types OF buildings little or
no attention was paid to proper venti-
lation and distribution Of the light.
Many Of them, however, can at small
expense be remodeled to meet all SAN
itary requirements.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-22
ORGANIZE TO FIGHT
Balloons Make War Very Much
as Do Human Beings.
Ample Proof That Intelligent Beasts
Recognize the Value Of co-opera.
tion-Also Capable Of Self-Sac-
rlfee In Aiding the Young.

If we are to credit the testimony on
the subject offered by na~turalists, man
is not the only animal who carries on
his warfare by means Of organized
bands, and calls In the forces of ma.
ture to assist him. There have been
witnessed in Africa fights that were
conducted In as orderly a manner as
If the warriors had been really men,
instead of only somewhat like them
In form, 1. e., balloons.
One naturalist was stoned out of a
pass in a very few minutes by these
creatures, who sprang upon lodges and
stones, looked down for a few mo-
ments on the valley. growing, snarl-
Ing and screaming, and then began to
roll down stones with so much vigor
and adroltness that the intruders took
to flight. The balloons evidently knew
the value Of cooperation, for the nat
uralist saw two of them combine their
efforts in order to set a particularly
heavy stone rolling. One monkey,
bent on making the most Of his mis-
sile, was seen to carry a stone up a
tree, that he might hurl II with great
err force.
Once, while some balloons were
crossing a valley, they were attacked
by dogs, and, as is usual during a
march, the females and young were in
the center, the males heading the col
umn and bringing up in the rear. As
the dogs rushed upon them the males
turned and faced their enemies, growl-
Ing, beating the ground with their
hands, and opening their mouths wide,
so as to show their glitterlng teeth.
They looked so fierce and malignant
that the dogs-Arab greyhounds, ac-
customed to fight successfully with n.y.
enas and other beasts of prey-shrank
back. BY the time they had been en-
couraged to renew the attack, the
whole herd had made their way, cover
ed by the rear guard, to the rocks, n
slx-months-old monkey excepted.
This little monkey sat on a rock sur
rounded by the dogs; but he was not
long left in his perilous position. An
old baboon stepped from a cliff near
by, advanced toward the dogs, keep
ing them in check by threatening ges-
lures and sounds, picked up the baby
monkey, and carried 1t to a place Of
safety on the cliff, while the whole
crowd of balloons watched the act
Of heroism and shouted their battle
cry.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-22
Peanuts Up a Peg.

Until recently the peanut was re-
garded as a casual-one might almost
say sportive-article of %provender. II
has been looked upon as appropriate
to the small boy and the circus. The
peanut gallery" though but a mem
DRY to the present generation, is a not
forgotten term for the cheap seats at
the top of a theater.
But now 1t Is different. The long.
despised peanut is coming into its own.
II has the emphatic Endorsement of
MI. Hoover. Our people are advised
to eat peanuts.
You see, the peanut is not a nut at
all, properly speaking. 1t is a kind of
pea; and, like other legumes, 1t is rich
In tlssue-making stuff. A paper bag
Of peanuts (even nowadays, when
somewhat reduced In size) affords a
fairly square meal.
The peanut, however, may be utll.
lied to advantage In cookery-for soup,
for peanut loaf" and In other ways.
II you want the recipes, you can get
them from the food administration at
Washington.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-22
Her Horrible Suspicion.

We are all to be oversusplcious, Just
now. of everything and everybody. An
instance of this ~regrettable tendency
Is furnished by an edifying food queue
story which is going the rounds here.
A queue had formed up outside a
butchers shop in a London suburb and.
In order to make things easier for all
concerned. the shopman adopted the
plan of letting his customers in In par
ties Of eight or ten, and Of letting them
out from the rear Of his premises.
One old woman. noticing that, though
many went In, none came out, marveleu
greatly. and. when It came heEturn %
.enter,She hesitated about doing 30.
Hurry up, madam" shouted the
butcher. Who didn't want to lose time.
"But what have You done with an
the other peopleY' was the startling
lnquiry.-L0ndOn Times.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-22

calendar was reformed under Julius
Caesar, the year was made to begin on
the first day Of January. After the
adoption Of Christianity in Europe, the
date of the beginning Of the year was
changed to March in most countries, so
that Easter became recognized as a
New Years day. The reform Of the
calendar by Pope Gregory, in 1882,
again changed the day on which the
year began, although in England 1t
continued to begin on the 25th Of
March until the adoption of the new
style" there In 1862.
Christianity found Spring festivals
already In vogue In heather Europe,
and to these oldtlme festivals many Of
the customs and superstltious rites still
connected with Easter are clearly
~traceable. The name Easter, given to
the day by the Teutonic natlons-the
Roman nations have retained the old
Hebrew name, pascha, under modified
forms, as the Jour de Paques, Of the
French-is derived by Bede from Eos
ter or 0stara, the name Of an old
Anglo-Saxon goddess, In whose honor
a Spring festival was celebrated.
Grimm was unable to find any mention
Of a deity Of this name among the an
cient Germans, but from the fact that
the month Of April still bears the name
ostermonat Tin Old High German os-
tarmanoth), he did not doubt that such
a goddess, probably "the divinity Of
the radiant dawn" had been known
among them. The old 0ster festival
was clearly of a solar character, a eel
ebration in honor Of the birth or the
regeneration of the sun Of the new
year. This is made evident, aside from
the known character Of similar festi-
walls in other parts Of the world, BY
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-22

easy to dislnfect thoroughly when such
disinfection is necessary in case of an
epidemic. Stalls made of metal
pipes are, therefore, preferable. A
swing stanchlon is usually preferred,
as It allows the GOV plenty of freedom.
A low, smooth manger without sharp
angles is easy to keep clean. If the
COWS are tied facing the center of the
barn the walkway behind them should
be five feet or more In width, so that
the walls will not be soiled by the spat-
tering from the gutter and the ma
nure carrier.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-22
Thought He Was asettinQ EN- Up."

nou0nt ne was oeHkino EN- Up.
A young Topeka army officer, now In
France, was seized while In Paris with
a desire to send his sister a present,
and finally decided on a waist, says
the Kansas City Star. He entered a
fashionable shop and selected a waist,
but not knowing the size his sister re-
quired, singled out a pretty Partisan
clerk who looked about his sisters
size. and asked her to try the waist on.
When she returned the at was pro-
nounced perfect, and the young officer
nodded approvingly and paid the cash.
Ter. As he turned back to claim the
article, the clerk flew into his arms and
kissed him again and again. exclaim-
ing. "Thank you, thank YOU" All the
other clerks in the store then caught
the idea that the handsome young
American was "settlng them up" gen.
orally to girls who wanted new waists,
and begged him to buy for them also.
The officer finally excused a retreat in
some manner or other. but the sister
in Topeka has not yet received any
present.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-22

many of the ~observances which It be-
queathed to Easter. Thus II was for
merly a custom all through the north
Of Germany, on the night of Easter
Sunday or the third night following, to
klndle bonflres on all the heights, af-
fordlng a magnificent spectacle, when
these fires were to be seen here and
there over miles of country. This Gus
tom had become simply a mode of
merrymaking, but 1t is held with plaus-
Utility that originally the bonfire was
symbolical Of the new fire that was to
warm the earth and quicken 1t into re-
newed life after the cold embrace Of
winter.
Ancient Popular Belief.
Another indication Of the ancient
solar character Of this festival is an
old popular belief, said to survive still
in Brandenburg and Saxony, that the
sun at the moment of rising on the
morning Of Easter gives three joyous
leaps, that he dances with youthful
Joy. This curious belief was not con-
fined to Germany. In the middle dis
trlcts Of Ireland, according to Brand.
it was customary, after spending East
er W. In merrymaklng and carous-
ing-watching the pot boil. the con-
tents OF which were to break the long
Lenten fast, yet must not be touched
before the growing of the cock-for
the whole company Of jewellers to go
out just at daybreak to see the rising
sun take his three Easter leaps. Sir
Thomas Browne, writing Of popular
errors, mentions thus quantity the ex-
istence of this belief In England: ave
shall not, / hope, d~isparage the resur-
rectlon Of our Redeemer, II we say that
the sun doth not dance on Easter day;
and though I would willingly assent
unto any sympathetic exultation, yet
we cannot conceive therein more than
a tropical (igurative) expression"
Perhaps there is no more striking Illus
tratlon than this Of the power of an
inherited belief to live on in spite Of
the testimony Of all experience against
1t. In some places, apparently as an
alternative for giving up the belief
wholly, 1t was held that In order TO
witness these three leaps one must
look, not at the sun itself, but at the
reflection of 1t In a pool Of clear water.
As a last resort, to save the belief, the
sun might be made to dance. Brand
could recall that when he was a boy
he had seen "a vessel full of water set
In the open air, In which the reflected
sun seemed to dance, from the tremu-
lous motion Of the water" II the
mountain win not come to Mahomet,
then Mahomet must go to the noun
tain.
Among the customs handed down
through long ages and accepted by the
Church were those of Easter eggs and
the Easter tale which the preacher told
from the pulpit, in lieu Of a sermon.
connecting II with Christian reminis-
cences. Later still there were in Ger
many dramatic shows, named 0ster-
spiele. executed by twelve performers,
one of whom. apparently, was the
leader. and represented Summer beat
ing Winter out of 1.-The land. The dances
and sports prevalent at this season in
Germany among the youths and maid
ems appear sometimes 10 have been
marked with something Of the loose
ness characteristic Of the floral games
il Italy.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-22
SHEEP INCREASE
NEEDED BY ARMY
Wool Production Now Only so Per
Cent of Amount Required for
Peace Times.
RAISE MORE FOR SOLDIERS
Department Of Agriculture Urges More
Attention to Industry Especially In
Eastern and Southern Portions
Of Country.

Pointing out the serious shortage Of
wool at a time when this material Is
Of such vital Importance In war opera
lions, the department Of agriculture
in its agricultural program for 1918
urges that an effort be made to in
crease the production of sheep and
wool. Increase In farm flocks is rec
commended wherever conditions are
favorable and the first cost of stocking
is not too high.
Amount Of Wool Produced.
The wool produced in this country
furnishes only about 80 per cent of
the amount used In peace times; the
war demands have emphasized the
seriousness Of this domestic shortage.
To equip two million soldiers and
clothe them for one year would re-
quire the entire quantity of wool
grown annually In this country.
During recent years we have shorn
about 35 million feeces annually, and
the pulled wool taken from sheep and
lambs slaughtered for meat brings the
total clip up TO the equivalent of about
40 million fleeces. II all this wool
were suitable for military use, 1t
would supply only two million men.
The production Of wool In the United
States has remained practically sta
tlonary from 1914 to 1917, while i'm
ports increased 4S per cent, and the
estimated net supply increased only
about 81 per cent.
Mutton and Wool.
That mutton and wool production In
this country can be increased greatly
admits Of no doubt. This can be ac-
complished by developing sheep hus-
bandry on farms, especially in the
Eastern and Southern states. Steps
should be taken in the East and
South to do away with the sheep-kill-
ing dog n by state or local
action. Large results can be secured
by improving methods of breeding and
management on the range; by secur-
ing the restocking Of improved farm
lands with sheep: by the larger use of
forage crops and pastures; by en-
couraging sheep and lamb clubs; by
the elimination Of parasites; by pro-
lection against losses from predatory
animals; and by having lambs ready
for market at from 40 TO so mounds
weight, thereby requiring a minimum
OF grain TO finish them and making
possible the maintenance Of larger
breeding flocks.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-22
Helping the Meat and Milk Supply

Especial Information Service. United States Department of Agricultural
MORE WOOL FOR ARMIES; MORE MUTTON. roo.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-22
EASTER SUNDAY
new YEARS DAY
Originally Marked the Beginning
Of the Twelve NOTWITHSTANDING
Festivals in Vogue Long
Before the Time Of
Christianity.
By REV. ARTHUR HOLT.

~ ASTER Sunday was formerly
- equivalent to New Years day;
though not the first day Of the
year 1t was the day on which
the opening Of the year was celebrated.
Historically the Christian Easter is
simply a continuation Of the Jewish
Passover, which was celebrated on the
14th day Of the first month Of the Jew
ish year-that is, on the day Of the
first full moon next following the day
OF the equinox. II has been questioned
whether any special observance of this
day was practiced or enjolned by the
apostles and the early Church Fa-
theirs; yet the words OF st. Paul Il Cor.
6:7-S) seem to sanction II they do not
recommend an observance Of some sort
and foreshadow the thought which
came finally to underlie 1t: "For even
Christ our passover is sacrificed for
us. Therefore let US keep the feast,
not with old leaven, neither with the
leaven Of malice and wickedness, but
with the unleavened bread Of SINGER
ity and truth" According to the jew
fish tradition, the Passover commemo-
rated the passing Of the Angel Of
Death wei the houses of the Israelites
In Egypt, the doorposts and lintels of
which had been sprinkled with the
blood Of the paschal lamb. The Chris
tians, in adopting the festival, gave It
a new significance. For them the Saw
for became the true Paschal Lamb, and
the new festival commemorated His
resurrection on the third day following
the C~ruci1xion.
The proper day for celebrating East
er was one of the questions which the
Council Of Nice "a. ID. $3.50 was called
upon to decide. By the Eastern Chris
tians 1t was at that time celebrated on
the same day as the Jewish Passover,
without regard to the day of the week
on which 1T might fall. Among the
Western Christians, who held that the
cruclhxlon occurred on a Friday and
the resurrection on a Sunday, there
had arisen n custom OF celebrating
Easter on the first Sunday following
the 18th Of the first month. and to this
custom was given the official sanction
OF the council. Furthermore. the rule
then established for fixing upon the
proper Sunday was designed partly to
prevent the possibility OF Easter ever
falling on the same day as the Pass
over. but the rule has failed IN several
occasions to prevent this coincidence,
and at rare intervals the two festivals
came together
Changes In Calendar.