davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03
WEALTH IN CLANS.

Claiming along the Cedar has de-
veloped into quite a paying industry
the past few years. 1t was not so
many years ago that the sorted shells
were worth only about SIG ton. but
the price has steadily advanced until
now they are worth $50 a ton. Sev-
eral carloads have been shipped
from Nashua this summer. A recent
issue Of the Charles City Press CON
tanned the following article on the
industry:
a carload of mussel shells shipped
from here yesterday brought the
highest price $3.50 a tom ever re-
cetved for clam shells, although the
Cedar river in this vicinity has for
number of years furnished a large
amount of shells for the button fac
tories Of Iowa and the east.
The shells shipped yesterday were
run OF the river ones, and only two
years ago all shells shipped had TO
be carefully culled as to kinds and
sizes. A very few years ago they
were only SIG ton and were culIed
The lowest they have been was about
eighteen years ago when they went
down to 80 cents a hundred. and
just before this they had reached
their highest point at SIS to $50 a
ton.
Many valuable pearls used to be
found in the mussel shells in the
Cedar river in this vicinity, especial
ly by the 'pearlers" at Nashua. but
in the carload shipped yesterday
from here not one pearl of any value
had been found, although there were
a few good slugs.
The finest pearl found in the Cedar
at Nashua was sold for $1,000 and
weighed thirty-eight grains.
When conditions are favorable the
clam shell workers can clean OUT
= bed OF several hundred clans in a
day and even a ton in three days,
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03
POLITICS IN GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP.

Lord Shaughnessy, the efficient head OF the
Canadian Pacific, discussing possible govern
ment ownership of railways in Canada after
tie war, says if government control implies po-
ltical control it is bad policy. Of course 1t is,
and there is reason to believe that permanent
control Of the railways of the government would
mean what Lord Shaughnessy condemns. All
the evils of political control may not be seen IN
the United States governments management
of transportation in the period, but there
is no doubt that they will appear if the nation
adopted the plan of permanent government
ownership. Lord Shaughnessy is an expert
railroad manager. He pointed out the danger
in the American government s plan of railroad
operation in war time and called attention to
the probability that there would be loss of eff
cheney when railroad control was taken out Of
the hands of railroad owners. 1t is no secret
that results of the governments interesting ex-
pertinent have not been altogether satisfactory,
though now the government and the public en-
JOY the benefit of hearty cooperation the
part of the competent men who were in charge
iof the roads when the government took them
lover. With the present control made perma-
lnent by government ownership, it would be i'm
possible to keep politics out of the business of
running the railroads.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03
Be not hasty in thy spirit to be angry; for
anger resteth in the bosom OF fools.-Eccles-
tastes, VII, 9.
WHERE FocH's STRENGTH LIES.

thought back to the method OF the Ger
mans in their drives of the spring is encourag-
ing to allied hope that the end is coming and in
the right way. At no time was Germany able
Ito continuously keep up her attacks; each drive
twas followed by an interval of preparation.
MOT so with Marshal Foch; he keeps everlast-
!ingIv at it. He has won back the ground the
EGermans took in large slices. His losses are
comparatively small and his power to strike
seems to grow greater. This argues strength
beyond that possessed by Germany at the peak
of her war power last spring. "Wait and see, !"
said Foch We have waited and now see
1t is evident that the German high command
does not know where it is at, for a newspaper
correspondent who is with the American armies
An France reports that in the last week Ger
many has been moving large supply trains and
1nassing troops for an allied attack at points
vhere no thrust was contemplated; that she has
Hastily reloaded these troops and supplies
aboard trains without giving the men time for
any rest and despatched them to another point
where the enemy expected Marshal Foch would
strike, only to find later that the blow had fall
Zen somewhere else in the long line on the west
ern front, and that when it fell the Germans
syere not prepared for it.
| This, it is explained, is all part of Marshal
Foch's scheme to demoralize the enemy, and
he unquastionably is succeeding. 1t is well
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03
TO THE VERY END OF THE END.

War pay days are coming and we are TO 90
the paying Not in war taxes, benevolences,
changes of work, enlstments alone. These
things we have taken for granted since we have
entered the war; But in deprivations, possible
privations which will hit hard people brave,
LOYAL, powerful, eager to be right and clear
visioned about the right, but emlnently COM
mitted to the practice sloganed in the song II
Want What | Want When | Want It. Mr..
Hooyer's admonition that this nation must be-
come lean to match its swiftness; that 1t must
get onto the same war basis of living as are its
allies, means personal sacrifice by all our peo-
pie That is the war basis of our allies, an. I'M
questionably Mr.. Hoover knows the facts which
brings from him this warning. We have got to
send food and supplies for huge armies as well
IS to supply the demand of allied markets.
And we must do this in a hurry so that sings
may get the freighung of these supplies out OF
the way and be free to transport troops. we
cannot wait for our own shipbulldlng to
provide the needs; we must go at the busl-
ness of ending the war now. 1t means tighter
pinch as we do it. But it is just that we meet
it and endure it. We have committed ourselves
to Clemenceau's eve make war to the end
to the very end of the end This sort OF war
making cannot be accomplished without tight
ened belts, curbed appetites scrutiny OF every
cent expended and throwing away OF pet
reservations. ''The very end of the end of
this war is not coming until there is real sacrl-
flee by everybody who is fighting to end it.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03

Congressman Madden. of Illinois.
in the House of Representatives
You can walk through the office OF
the food administration as have done
for an hour and half of one day, and
you would have seen at least a thous-
and people supposed to be employed
as clerks, groups OF stenographers in
three or four different ROOFS, maybe
as many as five, maybe ten, in a group,
with not typewriter at work in any
room, with no person employed, sit
ting around reading newspaper or
gossiping; and that is not the only de-
partment where that is true-I walked
through the engineering division one
day, started in at 9 o'clock, and
walked through from 9 until half past
10, just as matter Of curiosi-
ity, did not speak to any body, went
through the office. l saw at least
thousand people in an hour and a half
and there was not one in the whole
thousand working during the hour and
half.
l saw there groups Of stenocraph-
ers, five groups, not less than fifty in
all, and not one typewriting machine
at work out of the whole fifty, not any
body at desk doing thing. Now,
it they were doing that during that
hour and half, how many other
hours and half might that same
thing be true? You will find that all
through the departments, and yet we
are spending millions 70 dollars here
for housing which is unnecessary
There is no need for spending this
money if the departments will con-
fine them selves 70 the number Of Tsf-
pie that they can fegitimately employ
There are ten people doing one per-
sons work in most places. / know a
case where. for example, a major in
one of the branches of the war depart
ment having charge of the personnel
work, anxious TO employ and get COM
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03
HOW THEY "WoRK'' AT WASHINGTON

missions for two OF three more ma
iors. succeeded in convincing the
head Of the department that the work
of his branch Of the service was so
arduous that he was compelled, as
matter of justice to the department, to
get more officers He got them, ana
not one Of those men has done DIT
of work since commissioned. Not only
that, but the men previously in the Of
fees have not been doing anything,
they say so themselves and they are
ashamed of being there. Why, over in
New York l went through the quar-
termaster's stores, and l was able TO
get the names of 30 commissioned Of
ficers in that office from majors
down. There was one desk in the
place for every three men. They had
no relay, in order to get desk once
in a while, and when they were not
reIaying they acted as messenger
boys or smoked cigarettes. There Is
just room for proper organization in
that office for 20 divisions directors.
1t might be proper that each of those
should be commissioned officer, but
all the other people in the office ought
TO be girls or young men below the
draft age or men above the draft age
who ought not to be in the army, but
those men, with five or six exceptions,
are within the draft age / got the
name and rank and house address and
the telephone number of every one OF
those men, and called the case to the
attention of the quartermaster gener-
al
The work they were doing was done
before the war by ciTilians-men and
women. After the war began II was
done by uniformed officers drawing
high pay. And SO it goes. In this con-
pection l call attention to the bureau
of war risk insurance, with 10000 en-
ployes where half that number should
suffice.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03
WHO ARE THE BULGARS?

velo,ment OF the country In recent
wears. Taking advantage or the
Young Turks revolution In 1908,
Ferdinand proclaimed the complete
independence of Bulgaria and east
ern Rumelia under him as king or
car.
Immediately Ferdinand cast about
him for other worlds to conquer, and
found Greece and Serbia sympa-
thetic toward the organization OF
Balkan league for joint campaign
TO wrest Macedonia and Albania
from the Turks. This league was
organized in 1911 by Bulgaria.
Greece. Serbia and Montenegro, and
ii wasn't long before their armies
were at the doors of Consfantinople
and the sultan was crying for peace,
which was signed at London, May
so, 1918.
Serbia and Bulgaria had agreed TO
divide Macedonia between them, put
the peace conference created an IN
dependent Albania, which altered
matters and shut out Serbia from
the sea- The division of the spoils
was left to the car of Russia for
arbitration, but while he was con-
sidering it Bulgaria, without warn
ing. attacked Serbia, and the second
Balkan war of 1913 was on. Greece
and Rumania Joined with Serbia In
war against their former ally.
Austria is credited with having
deliberately forced the second war
to keep the Balkans in state OF
turmoil and further her own ends.
But the Bulgarians were decisively
beaten and a peace treaty was
signed August 10. 1913.
For a time It was thought the
Balkan war cloud had been perma-
nently dispelled, but Austria's attack
on Serbia in 1914, which broufht on
the world war, is now matter OF
history.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03

Who are the Bulgarians and what
is their history2
The Balkans peninsula is divided
racially into five groups: Slays, Al
banians, Greeks, Turks and Ruman-
fans. The Slavs in the Balkans con-
stitute the southern branch of the
Slavonic race, and are themselves
divided into Jugo-Slays (Serb-Croats
and Slovenes) and Bulgarians, who
are not pure Slay.
The Bulsars are first mentioned
in history as having lived In the
Step2es to the north of the Black
sea in 1872 A D. In the sixth and
seventh centuries they expanded
from eastern Russia and settled
along the Danube Gradually the
Bulgars became fused with the
SIays, and so completely were they
submerged that beyond few per-
sonal names no traces OF the IAN
guage OF the Bulgars have survived
From the ninth century 10 the
fourteenth, except for periods when
il was under Greek rule, Bulgaria
maintained its independence as an
empire In 1898 the Turks con-
quered the country, and Bulgaria
was the last OF the Balkan states to
emancipate itself from the power OF
Constantinople-
In 1870 began the series OF tnsur-
rections, some OF them having re-
nsious basis, which finally led to
the independence OF Bulgaria In
1878 a principality of Bulgaria was
created, comprising the northern
portion OF the present nation, with
Prince Alexander Of Battenberg as
ruler. In 1855 the inhabitants OF
Rumelia, or southern Bulgaria, pro-
claimed their union with Bulgaria.
The present ruler, who was Prince
Ferdinand OF Saxe-Coburg. was elect
ed in 1856. He is largely responsible
for the economic and material de-
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03
TODAYS BIT OF VERSE
THE BURIAL oE SIR John MOORE.

THE BURIAL OF SIR JOHN MOORE.
Not drum heard, not funeral note,
his corpse the rampant We hurried;
And soldier discharged his farewell shot
81 grave where hero buried
We buried him darlzly at dead of night,
The sod with bayonets turning
Nv the struggling moonbean's misty light,
And lantern dimly burning.
NO useless coffin enclosed his breast,
sheet inshroud we wound him;
But he lay like warrior taking his rest,
With his martial cloak around him!
Few short the prayers we said,
And spoke not word OF sorrow
But steadfastly gazed on the face that was DEAD
And bitterly thought OF the morrow
I'VE thought as followed his narrow bed,
] And smoothed down his lonely pillow,
foe and the stranger would tread DER MS head
And we away the billow!
daghty they'll talk of spirit that's
4 And Ger his cold ashes upbraid him.
but little he'll reck if they let him sleep on,
In where Briton has laid him.
d3ut half of our heavy task done,
When the clock struck the hour for retiring;
sAnd we heard the distant random gun
That the sulenly firing
SLOWLY and sadly laid him down,
From the field his fame fresh and CORY;
eyUa carved not line, and raised not a stone
I3rt we left him alone with his glory!
W Charles Wolfe CsOe)
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03
WHEN YOU WAKE
UP DRINK GLASS
OF HOT WATER
Wash the poIsons and toxins from
system before putting more
food into stomach.
Says inside-bathlng makes any
one look and feel clean,
sweet and refreshed.

Wash yourself on the inside befoN
breakfast like you do on the outsius
This is vastly more important because
the skin pores do not absorb impuH
ties into the blood, causing illness
while the bowel pores do.
For every ounce of food and drinA
taken into the stomach, nearly -
ounce of waste material must e
carried out of the body. If this waste
material is not eliminated day by ga!
it quickly ferments and generate.
poisons, gases and toxins which ar
absorbed or sucked into the oiovs
stream, through the lymph duc.
which should suck only nourishulen'
to sustain the body. ;,
A splendid health measure Is
drink. before breakfast each DAY,
glass of real hot water with zee
spoonful of limestone phosphate III ~
which is a harmless way TO vas
these poisons, gases and toxins liois I
the stomach, liver, kidneys ans
bowels; thus cleansing. sWeelenL-rr
and freshening the entire alimeh!a..to
canal before putting more fooo NV
the stomach. -.
A quarter pound of limestone pnUs
phate costs but very little at the u. ..s
store but is sufficient to make aus ~,
an enthusiast on inside-bathlng. "a
and women who are accustomed ~
wake up with dull. aching heau
have furred tongue. bad taste h@ rho
breath. sallow complexion, others n
have bilious attacks, acid stonia'n 30
constipation are assured q arh
nounced Improvement in botn hea
and appearance shortly.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03
lime. The season lasts until late in

time. The season lasts Until late in
the fall.
There are more than 500 species of
fresh water mussels in the United
States and large majority of them
yield pearls of greater or less value.
The finest pearls in the Cedar river
have been found in the mucket
shells. The blue point" shells al
ways have colored pearls.
In 1890 there was not single
fresh water pearl button made in the
United States, and in 1900 1t was the
second most important branch Of the
button industry in the United States
with Iowa leading all the states. and
a total of more than 100000 gross
made In that year throughout the
United States
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03
NOT DEFEATED
BUT POSTPONED
Suffrage Leaders Plan to Carry on
Their Battle Until Women
are Given the Bal
lot

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.l
WASHINGTON, Oct. 3-Not defeat
ed, but postponed. That was the view
woman suffrage leaders today took OF
the senate's rejection of the
woman suffrage amendment by a
vote of So to 81 They set out today
to elect senators in place of those re-
sponsible for its defeat:
When we get more senators here
with commissions from the people
and FEWER with commissions from gov
ernors, suffrage will win" said Sena-
tor Kenyon, leading advocate of the
amendment
Kenyon referred to the fact that
men appointed by governors to fill
vacancies, caused by the deaths of
senators were responsible for the adj
verse vote. Baird, New Jersey; Drew
New Hampshire, and Benet, South
Carolina, all appointees, all voted
no" In as much as the actual vote
was 81 to ex-senator Jones, suffrage
leader changed from AYE" to mo- so
he could move reconsideration-if
two OF these appointees had voted aye
the result would have been Sc to Is
just enough TO carry the resolution.
AT the November election, men are
to be chosen in place of these appoint
ees for the short session, lasting from
December until March. Suffragists
hope by intensive campaign to gain
two votes
Senator Jones Will move recons.d.
Grafton of the vote and that having
been ordered as it will be, suffrage
will go back on the calendar, in ex-
actly the same parliamentary status
as before its defeat.
The southern democrats. who re.
fused to yield to President Wilson's
demand for passage of suffrage as a
war measure today were frankly inter
ested in the presidents view of their
course
Friends Of the president said he re
garded the vote as new alignment
from which he expects great opposi-
ton to certain reconstruction plans
after the war because those plans
involve an amount of ideaIism.
Republican congressional leaders
today seized upon defeat OF woman
suffrage as one of the principal issues
IN the coming campaign for control
not only of the senate, but of the
house.
The defeat is charged to the
democrats, who control the senate NV
a majority of eight votes,'' said Rem
Tesentative Fess, chairman of the
congressional committee.
The vote, taken as soon after the
president declared suffrage neces-
sary war measure, Indicates the atti-
tude OF party support" Tess said.
ana pointed out that twenty-seven re-
pubhcans and twenty-six democrats
were Tor the measure and ten repub-
means and twenty-one democrats
against It.
/, fess said that the vote in the
mouse was still more decisive. show
ing LIZ republicans and 80 delnocra Is
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03
SHELLS AND PITS
GATHERING HERE
The Collection Of Gas Mask Msteris
Goes on in keokuk With
Careful Energy These
Days.

The collection of fruit pits and
nut shells is going on merriiy inl
Keokuk. and both householders and
boys and girls are working at it With
energy and care to get every one ID
town.
More fruit stones than nut shells
are being collected for the same rea.
son that more white wool than black
wool is sheared from sheep.
Keokuk will furnish enough TO Ill
a good many gas masks to protect
her soldiers from the gas bombs Of
the Hun. The Red Cross chapter
will ship 1t to the war department
What is being collected is the
stones and pits Of peaches, pruns'r
apricots. plums, olives. cherries
dates, I'D the shells of hickory nuts,
walnuts, butternuts and brazil nuts
Any grocery delivery boy will take
them from the householder, and the
school children especially delight 70
take them from the homes. The la'.
ter have already collected bushels o.
them.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03

known in high circles that the German hlgh
command is deeply exercised at the sltuatlon,
not so much because of the internal condltlons
in Germany, but because of the actual military
situation everywhere, not the least OF the dam
gers of which to Germany lies In the bulgarian
detection
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03

vtcted OF violation of the espionage
law should be sternly suppressed dur
ing the war. That suppression should
reach from the leaders who appeal TO
the contributor who hastens to re-
spond.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03

Des Moines Register: tItasca coun-
u" says the st. Paul Dispatch,
boasts a large potato crop and the
growers are praying for good prices. =
Wonder where they got the idea that
high prices are fixed in heaven?
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03
CENSORING MUSIC.

California s state board of education has for
hidden the use of songs of German origin in the
schools of the state, and one of the San Fran
cisco newspapers regards this as a foolish pro-
cedure. If the song books used by the pupils
gave evidence in the text that the origin was
German or if the text in any way savors of Ger
man sentiment, the board is doing an under
standable and sensible thing; if it is the music
alone that is German in origin and is taboo on
that account, the board is making unnecessary
trouble. A test in this matter would be to find
out how many people, young or old, know any
thing about the origin Of the music they hear
or stop to give it thought. IF modern Ger
mans are furnishing our music and deriving
profit from it, we want to stop this. Moreover
we want to encourage our own composers to
write in simple forms for school uses. But to
wax indignant at the aid and comfort given the
enemy by using the tunes taken from Beeth-
oven, Mozart, Haydn Schubert and Wagner is
to put emphasis on nationality when nation
ality is not factor in the matter.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-10-03

The legislature Of Arkansas adoptec
as the correct pronunciation Of tn
word, Ar-kan-saw. accent on the frs
syllable.