davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-03-25
CAPT. ROOSEVELT PRAISES
WORK OF THE RED CROSS
Wounded Son Of Former President
Resting Comfortably In Hos
I pita1 Near the Front.
BY the Associated Press

sBy the Associated Press.
PARIS. Friday. March e..-Capt
Archibald Roosevelt, who recently was
injured. is reported today as resting
very comfortably in a Red Cross hos
pital near the front He Is popular with
the hospital doctors and nurses and as
sfsts them in every way possible, and
Also daily aids in cheering up other
patients in the institution. In speaking
Of the Red Cross work Capt Roosevelt
is reported as having said:
The Red Cross Is doing everything
possible for u.s. cannot say too much
in appreciation of their efforts, which
make US feel as if we were back home
1t is a great comfort to US fellows in
hospitals, and If our folks could see
the way we are being taken care OF
they would stop worrying"
The Red Cross chaplain in this par
ticular hospital happens to be DR.
Billings of Groton. Mass, who taught
Capt. Roosevelt at the Groton School
The Red Cross shopping service in the
hospital has been commissioned BY
Capt Roosevelt to obtain a new uni.
FORM for him. to replace the one which
wounded by fragments Of a German
shell
F. l. Mason Of Long Beach. Cal, who
has been engaged In Young Mems
Christian Association work in France
and collecting data for use in a speak
loan campaign. viii leave soon for the
United States. He viii take back with
him . piece Of the shrapnel shell which
wounded Capt Roosevelt This will be
presented to Capt Roosevelt's father
Col Theodore Roosevelt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-03-25
POLITICAL EXIGENCY FORCED
DRIVE, WAR DEPARTMENT VIEW
German Militarists Unable to Hold People
in Line by Strategy, Turn to Desperate
Battle Test for Supremacy.

for long period had been held by the
French
simultaneous with the German Of
fensive operations in the west, we note
further hostile activity in Italy. which
may be the prelude TO an offensive in
this theater. An Austrian detachment
launched a heavy assault in the Fren-
zela valley and was able to penetrate
into the advance outposts. but was
there Ipon checked.s
Peace between Russia and the CEN
trail powers has been ratified at Mos
cow However. the enemy is continu
ing to advance into Russia. Petrograd
has been evacuated. The Russian gen.
eral staff has moved from Smolensk to
Moscow. While the Germans have made
no serious attempt to advance in Es-
thonia and Livonia beyond the line held
previously, it is reported that they are
now again on the march"
The review outlines briefly the prin-
cipal events Of the week on other
fronts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-03-25
SHRAPNEL
Sidelights on the War
OLIVER OWEN KUHN.

To get his officer a satisfactory billet.
a change Of linen or hot bath the
'batman," or servant assigned to all
British officers, will violate the ten
commandments, according to stories
told by officers at the front.
Ships plying from Australia to Egypt
constantly are on the alert, inasmuch
as stokers in the pay of Germany ire
quntly have disabled machinery with
bombs
German spies are to be found in the
ranks of the allied armies. A story Is
ern front The British had gained
position and were in the act of con-
solidating it. Soon an order came to
retire to the first line. The command
ORDER" This question was flashed up
and down the line, the leader in the
meantime dispatching sergeant to
discover the traitor in the ranks. The
subaltern walked up to one man who
had light hair. blue eyes and head
tending to squareness. Without word
he bayoneted him. The sergeant's ac-
ton was justified when complete set
of working plans for signals to the
Germans was discovered on the body
of the dead man. Several instances
have been cited where spies in the
ranks have spread orders to the fight
ing men. thereby placing them at the
mercy of the Germans.
Young Russians-and there are thou
sands of them in London-are causing
the government some worry because of
their radical preachments. The Rus
slams seek out soldiers of the allies and
try to advance bolshevik doctrines.
To get the best work out of soldiers
it is generally accepted fact that they
should be adequately fed and housed.
For this raason each ofdcer is i'm
pressed with the absolute necessity Of
seeing that his mon ore cared for,
whether he 10 or not SUCH sacrifices
by the officers bring respect and love
from the private, which are vital fac
tors in unfolding the morale of an
army of whatever nation.
After a mine has been dragged from
its fastenings by sweepers the crews
generally spend the next hour or so
taking shots at it with high-powered
rifles. Steel-nosed bullets are used.
Sometimes bullets hit the detonator;
then the mine goes up. When, how
ever. bullets only penetrate the mine
chambers the mine fills with water and
sinks to the bottom OF the ocean.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-03-25
Drop Fourteen Tons Of Bombs.

More than fourteen tons of bombs
were dropped on enemy biilets. on his
high velocity guns and on railroad sta
tons in the battle area.
During the night ten heavy bombs
were dropped on an important railway
bridge and works at Konz. just south
of Treves, in Germany. Eight Of these
bombs were clearly seen to be bursting
among the railway works.
Our bombing airpianes were attacked
by thirty-two hostile machines and a
fierce fight ensued. One of the enemy's
airplanes was brought down in flames
and another was downed and fell in
the center Of Mannheim. Five others
were driven down out OF control.
Despite this severe combat and the
enemy's heavy anti-aircraft gunfire, all
our machines returned except two"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-03-25
Prof. Observation-Disclosures
wORLD-RESoWNED PSYCHIC.
Special Reading. Soc and 81 90.
904 18th st NV. tabove Eyel,
Washington's Favorite Adviser,
PROF. MARCUS LA MAR

Most remarkable psychic and palmist Of the
present age. No fee unless you are satisfied
special readings this week, so cents and 81 co.
Located in his private home.
zO6 18th St. NV. doors from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-03-25

One hnndred years ago today oc.
Cured sthe death Of Light Horse
Harry Lee. one Of the most pictur.
esquo commanders Of the revolution
and f2ther OF GEN Robert E Lee, com
.1aAnder Of the armies Of the Cpnfed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-03-25
PALMISTRY.

RIZPAH ELDoN, WHOSE WONDERFUL
knowledge of the science Of paIn1istry is at
tracing the attention Of the entire public
Hundreds are visiting her, and each and every
one accords her the highest praise. Fee 81
Hours, 10 Am. to 10 pm. 519 G st. NV. 81
AkS. n LLssI, SCIENTIFIC fAi.MISIA :
Impfessionai Life Readings. Fee 81 and 81
Positively ladies only. Open until $50; closed
SUNDAYS. 1913 tlth' ct NV
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-03-25
BRITISH BRING down
81 GERMAN FL|ERS
Official Report on Aerial 0per.
atoms Shows Increased
Activity in Air.

LONDON. March 24.-An Official re-
four enemy airplanes have been brought
down.
The text Of the statement reads:
THE enemy's Iow-hying airplanes
were most persistent IN their attacks
On our infantry in the forward areas.
Many OF these machines were attacked
and brought down by our pilots A
total OF twenty-nine hostile machines
were brought down and twenty-five
others were driven down out OF con-
troll. Two enemy balloons also were
destroyed Nine Of our machines are
missing.
"Our machines on Saturday carried
out another most successful raid on
factories in Mannheim. Nearly one and
a half tons of bombs were dropped
and bursts were seen on a soda fac
tory, the railway and docks.
Start Huge Fire.
Several fires were started, one of
which was of great size, with flames
reaching to a height of zoo feet and
smoke to 5000 feet The confagra-
ton was visible for a distance of
thirty-five miles.
THE weather Saturday again favored
operations and our airplanes were con-
stantly employed in accommodating po-
sitions of troops, in photography and
bombing and in reporting suitable tar
of rounds were fired by our pilots from
low attitudes on hostile troops massed
in villages and in the open continuously
throughout the day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-03-25

Young Russians-and there are thou
sands of them in London-are causing
the government some worry because of
their radical preachments. The Rus
slams seek out soldiers of the allies and
try to advance bolshevik doctrines.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-03-25

Ships plying from Australia to Egypt
constantly are on the alert, inasmuch
as stokers in the pay of Germany ire
bombs
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-03-25
The Riggs National Bank
OF WASHINGTON, D. c.

EXCEPTIONAL FACILITIES AND PERSONAL SERVICE
Newcomers Washington, who giving their services
to during these and those here
private business invited with this
,eishty-two-year-old bank.
Our facilities and which is unique in manv
available alike to ALL and women in good stand
ing in the community.
Our officers will be pleased personally meet you
Modest accepted initial deposits. "a
Capital and Surplus. .S3O00Ano
Resources O0er .$22 100000
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-03-25

Gen. Pershing's casualty list, which
reached the War Department late last
night. is as follows:
DIED OF ACCIDENT.
RoMANOSK, Anthony, private.
DIED OF DISEASE.
HAUSTON, julie, sergeant
COOPER, Franklin, private.
COVERT. Joseph F., private
STAFFORD. Ernest L, private.
WOUNDED SEVERELY.
BRoSz. Jacob, private.
WOUNDED SLIGHTLY.
THARP, Royal, lieutenant
CARGO. Arnold, corporal
D1LLINGHAM. Carter A., private.
DUNSMUIR, William, private.
FULLER, Charles l., private.
GROSS, Albion o., private.
McDANIELSON, James, private.
RESNICK, Mark A, private.
SANDERS. Dan, private.
SHELTON, Major NJ, private
SHEPHERD. Harry private,
THORBCRN, Burton l., private.
PREVIOUSLY REPORTED MISSING.
NOW REPORTED A PRISONER.
SORENSON, Christian A, private.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-02-02
Preserving Flowers in Wax.

It is not generally known that pre-
serving flowers in wax is one of the
easiest of tasks. Ordinary candles
may be used. To prepare the wax. it
is only necessary to cut the candles
into chunks, being careful to remove
the wicks. The wax is then melted
in a saucepan over a flame, after
which it is ready TO receive the flow
ers. Each flower should be dry on the
surface when treated; there should be
no rain or dewdrops On the petals.
Take the blossoms separately and dip
them for moment or so into the Iiu-
uid wax, constantly moving them
about. Immense the blossoms COM
pletefy and also an inch or so of the
STEM, Then take them out and hold
until dry. Do not lay them on a table
or fiat surface until they are dry as
this will crush them
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-02-02

Here is the story of ''wampum,'' the
first money to be used in the United
States.
It consisted of clam shells, little
tubes made out of clay. beads and the
like. All these the Indians called by
the general name of wampum, and
when the white man set foot upon
these shores he found the wampum
convenient for his use, not only in
trading with the Indians but with
other whites. The Indian name was
Sewan, but the European immigrants
gave this legal tender the name Of
wampum, by which it has been known
ever since.
Wampum was not entirely devoid OF
intrinsic value. Most of the shells
from which it was made were rare.
These were made largely into beads,
highly polished and strung on strings.
Chiefs, Sachems, and medicine men
wore great strings of these beads on
ceremoniOus occasions. Every treaty
was cOrroborated by laying down belts
Of beads. Friendships were cemented
and alliances and marriages were al
ways solemnized with an exchange of
wampum.
Wampum was chiefly of two kinds,
white and dark purple. The white
was made from the edge of the clam
shells and the purple made from the
shells heart, and was worth double
the white. Considerable labor cost
went into the manufacture of wam-
pun, for writer in the year 1714 tells
US: "All wampum is made of shells
which are found on the coast of Caro-
lima, which are very large and hard,
so they are very difficult to cut" He
adds that "some English smiths have
tried to drill this sort of shell money
and thereby thought to get advantage.
but 1t proved so hard that nothing
could be gained
When an Indian was buried. strings
of wampum were always placed in the
grave with him for convenience in
purchasing the necessary supplies in
the next world, and for use as tips
to various minor Indian dieties, who
the Indians believed were as greedy
as modern head walters
In 1911 the use of wampum was ie-
| galized by the common council OF New
Amsterdam, now New York This was
next followed by an epidemic of cOun-
| terfeiting, which caused q great deal
OF difficulty and led to the rapid de
1 probation OF wampum as a medium
| of exchange. Old Peter StuyveSani
| pegged around on his wooden leg and
did his best TO solve the problem by
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-02-02

One hundred and ten years ago there
were no savings BANKS. The savings
bank is an Institution which was
founded in the year 1910 by Rev.
Henry Duncan in the little Scottish
village Of RuthweII. Before that time,
poverty seemed to be the normal con-
dition Of half the population of the
British Isles. Pauperism was so COM
mon as to cause no comment. Hun
dreds OF thousands in Scotland alone
nVed on Charity ahd 1t was generally
accepted as hopeless fact that the
poor We have always with u.s."
Doctor Duncan was of sturdy Scotch
covenantor blood. He was a man of
unusual strength of character, origin
atty and resource and extraordinary
talent for making friends. The dis
reSS OF his parishioners preyed heav-
lily on Doctor Duncan's mind and he
felt if there was some way of teach
ing them TO be thrifty he would have
an effective remedy for the poverty he
saw all around him.
The chief trouble was that the small
est sum the public banks would ac-
cept was f1O and comparatively few of
the Scottish villagers had so large a
sum, about $48.75 in American coin.
So, Doctor Duncan conceived the idea
Of poor mans bank, as he called it,
which would receive deposits of any
amount, however small. After study
Ing the subject long and carefully, he
published pamphlet TO call attention
to his project, so, as he said, as to
render this measure suitable not for
one locality only but for Scotland and
the world"
The only banks the poor had In
those days were a stocking. a chink in
the wall, or loose board In the floor.
They were often robbed and the temp
tatiOn to use a portion of this precious
nest egg was often too strong. Doc
tor Duncan argued shrewdly that If
their funds were transferred TO a bank,
they not only would be safe from theft
but the owners would hesitate to break
into them except in cases of urgent
need In his pamphlet he says:
IF any method then could be de-
yiSed for giving to the artisan q place
of security. free of expense, for that
part of his gains which the immediate
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-02-02

wants Of his family do not require
with the power to reclaim all. or paft
Of it, at pleasure. it would be a most
desirable thing. even If no interest
should be received
OF course there were pessimists and
suspicion and prejudice to overcome
but at last in 1S10The bank was opened
In a little shingIed cottage. There
were 10 vaults. but large iron strong
box, too heavy to move by hand, an
swered the purpose. In view of the
suspicion which he says was enter
tanned by many, Doctor Duncan pro-
vided three locks for the strong box.
He held one key and two elders of
his church each held the others. OF
course the box could not be opened
without all three keys, In the presence
Of all three trustees.
In the first year the deposits
amounted to f151. In the second year
f176 was deposited. This grew TO
f241 in the third, and 1922, or more
than $4,000, in the fourth. For a
poverty-stricken village these deposits,
aggregating more than $1,000, were re-
garded as remarkable, since it must
be remembered that all deposits were
in small sums.
The effect OF the opening Of the
savings bank on the village was all
that Doctor Duncan hoped for. With
In year there was a remarkable de-
crease in the number Of those who
sought charity. Thrift and happiness
replaced poverty and discomfort. With
in few years there was scarcely a
pauper in the village, as Doctor Dun
can records.
In the meanwhile the fame of this
remarkable little institution began to
spread and Doctor Duncan soon found
that his labOrS as a minister were
swallowed up by those of a banker.
His correspondence increased day by
day; letters poured in from all over
England and the continent Of Europe
and from America asking for informa-
ton.
In 1914 he published a book on saw
ings banks, which was widely circu-
lated, and savings banks began to
spread throughout the British Isles. It
seems strange at this time to read that
savings banks could have aroused Cd
position This, however, was a fact.
There was bitter fight in parliament
before the first savings bank act was
passed in 1917. Goblet, the best
known editor Of his day, used his
powerful influence against the plan,
but Doctor Duncan was a fighter as
well as a phiIanthrOpist- He went
before the. committee Of parliament
himself and so impressed both lords
and commons with his sincerity, the
force of his personality and the JUS
tice of his cause that the bill was
passed This was in 1917. Savings
banks spread rapidly over Great Brit
ain and then over all the rest Of the
world.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-02-02
A New Pig Came Along.

ice president (he's next TO mel, one
the treasurer and secretary, and one
the judge
They all looked at Porky Pig with
their shouts hanging down quite sadly.
Each had hoped he would be presi-
dent.
Just then a new pig came along.
He'd been in the pen only a few days.
"GoOd afternoon. brothers and
friends" he said, bowling politely, and
twisting his tail as he laughed pleas
antIy. Hope you're all feeling well
this nice spring day"
'We're having a great deal OF trou-
bic" said Grandfather Porky. 'NOw
I'm the oldest and wisest pig in the
pen and 1 would like to be the presi-
dent, but it seems that every pig
wants to be president. Every single
pig has the same idea-to be the lead
er-and all because 1 suggested it"
Before we gather any more pigs
around u.s." said the new pig whose
name was Sammy Sausage. Tets de
eide on something. Now the farmer
bought me because he knew 1 had
sense. I have. Look at mel I'm
Sammy Sausage, the great pig. And
if you were really wise you'd all
choose me for president"
Dear me-" sQuealed Grandfather
Porky. "and still another pig wants to
take the lead"
Listen" said Sammy Sausage. 1--WE
don't want any of the other pigs to
hear or they'll all want to be presi-
dent. But we will all now decide to
each try to be president. Wen get
the pigs to vote and the one who gets
the most votes will be president, the
one who comes in second with votes
will be vice president and so on down
throdgh the list"
Glow will we get the pigs to vote
for us?' asked Grandfather Porky.
''Oh, that's simple" said Sammy
Sausage, "aII we do is to go around
and make speeches on stumps or mud
piles. We must say that every other
pig up for the job OF being the leader
is absolutely no good at all, we must
say that if the pigs don't want the
pen to go to absolute destruction then
they must vote for US; that is each
zig for himself %
~Fine, fine" the pigs squealed. And
oft they went telling Of their new
scheme and asking the pigs to vote
for them on the day soon coming up
on which all pigs would be expected
to make their choice.
But the poor pigs got mixed up, for
each pig called the other q dreadful
creature and said the most awful
things about each other, until all the
pigs were fighting and quarreling. 1t
was just then that Mrs. Pinky Pig
stepped in and said one day when all
the pigs were gathered around, LETS
all be the same, equal pigs and don't
let's fight about who is to lead" So
they gave up voting and were once
more friendly and happy.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-02-02

declaring unStrung wampum no longer
10 be legal tender This was going 10
the opposite extreme, and the little
Dutch colony came near a financial
panic. Six months later loose and i'm
perfect wampum had TO be declared Ie-
gal tender.
In Massachusetts wampum became
legal tender in 1910, but twenty-one
years later the coming OF silver was
authorized, and this more stable me
dunn soon drove wampum beads out
OF circulation.
After the Revolutionary war money
was so scarce that wampum came
into use again. 1t persisted here and
there as money until the nineteenth
century, and, indeed, wampum in va
rious forms, including pipes and
moons, were considerably used in the
United States until as late as 1880.
The financial requirements of the
Revolutionary war resulted in the es-
tabliShing of Americas first banks.
The initial undertaking was the Bank
of Pennsylvania, which was started in
July, 1850. It was described by the
well-knOwn financier Morris as moth
ing more than a patriotic subscription
of continental money for the purpose
Of purchasing provisions for a starv-
ing army" In the decade 17S0-179O,
three other financial institutions were
launched; the Bank Of New York,
Massachusetts, Bank and the Bank of
North America. This latter is general
ly considered TO be the first bank in the
United States and was capitalized at
S1O.OOO.OOO. Actual subscriptions, how
ever, were very hard to secure and
only $4,000 was obtained. The gov
eminent contributed 100000 in specie.
The New York Stock Exchange has
been traced back to a meeting of TWEEN
ty-four brokers under a tree opposite
so Wall street, May II; 1892. The
purpose of the meeting was TO agree
on uniform commissions Thereafter
the brokers met at 'Tontine Coffee
House. Wall and Water streets. The
final organization of the Stock Ex-
change was completed in 1917. The
Philadelphia Stock Exchange also
started in a coffee house.
The malodorous 'bucketshop" re-
ceived its name from England. On
the east side of London loafers had
a custom OF going from street to street
and draining every keg of beer they
could find. The liquor was placed in a
bucket After it was filed these hard
characters retired to some out of the
way corner and carOused, passing the
bucket from one to another. The term
''bucketshop," at first meaning assem-
blages Of this kind, came to be applied
to any establishment of doubtful repu-
tation-
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-02-02
NDDyEWNINC
AN TALL H1
81 MARY GRAHAEfBONlIER
SAMMY sAusAeEs IDEA.

81 think there should be a presi.
tent Of the pig pen" said Perky Pig.
And 1 agree with you" said Broth
er Bacon
$50 do !" grunted Pinky Pig.
81 think the same" squealed Master
Pink Pig.
"As we all think alike" said Porky
Pig, there need be no further discus
siOn.- I am now President Porky Pig
OF the pig pen
oh they all squeaIed in horror.
HOh,' they grunted and snorted.
whats the trouble9'' asked Porky
Pig.
Il thought I'd be president" Broth
er Bacon said.
And I thought the. same" said
Pinky Pig.
81 thoughts said Miss Ham, hurry
ing TO the center of the pen, that you
would have a lady president and that
I'd be chOsen-F
'-WeII, of all the things" said Porky
Pig. 'Here I unselishIy suggest that
1 should be PRESIDENT
'UnselfshIy 70 they all squealed-
SYes," said Grandfather Porky, sits
unselfish OF me TO think OF the welfare
and good Of the pigs and not OF my
self. But If you're nice pigs and
choose me as your president 1 viii
give you all honorable positions. I
viii make one the chairman. one the