davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Efficiency and the Beehive.

a productive colony Of bees may be
Hkened fguratively to machine which
consumes in friction 90 per cent Of the
energy applied. This is not a high de-
gree of efficiency when measured by
this standard. The colony in a box
hive, then, is Hkened to such q machine
in bad repair and with no attention, In
which all the energy is used simply to
drive the wheels. Such a machine is
totally unproductive. The properly
housed colony which is badly manipu-
lated is then comparable to the ma
chine insgood repair but in the hands
Of a poor mechanic, Such q machine
may do fair worksfOr a time, but the
mechanic fails TO do the necessary
work at the right time and the machine
is only occasionally productive. Final
", the productive colony is like a good
machine In the hands OF a good me
chanic. While energy is consumed
simply to run the machine, the good
mechanic does the right work at the
right time and obtains the greatest pos
sfble reward in the machines output.
Such fguratiTe comparison must not
be carried too far, and is used here
only to point out the lsmentable waste
in much present-day beekeepIng.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
MEAT SUPPLY FROM POULTRY
Imperative That Productive Stock 5e
Rather Largely Increased During
Current Year.

prepared by the United States Depart
melt OF AgTiculturs-)
Meat can be produced from poultry
more quickly than from any other
source. One OF the necessities imposed
upon the United States by its entrance
into the world war is to produce more
meat than it has ever produced be
fore. This is essential not only 10 meet
its own greater needs because OF being
on a war basis, but also TO save the
countries with which 1t cO-Operates in
the war from defeat through lack Of
food
Meat is one OF the most essential Of
food products. OF such meats as can
be cured and kept in compact form.
larger quantities than ever before must
be sent to the armies overseas and the
proportion OF these exports TO the to-
tai production in the United States is
likely to increase steadily and even
rapidly, as larger armed forces from
this country are sent TO the fighting
front in Europe.
In order to leave available for the
forces overseas as large a proportion
as possible OF the output OF cured and
compact meats, IL is desirable that
there be a decided increase In both the
home production and the home con-
sumption Of white meats such as poul-
try. To that end it is imperative that
the productive stock on general farms
and In the back yards OF the nation be
rather largely increased during the
current year. It has always been and
will always be true that the great bulk
Of this country's poultry is produced
not on specialized poultry farms but
in the dooryards and farm lots Of the
diversified farms. Establishments de-
voting their attention exclusively to
the production Of poultry have been
and will continue to be Of rather large
Importance, but they can hardly be
looked to or any very great part OF an
emergency increase in production SUI
fcient to constitute q noticeable factor
in feeding the world at war That de
mand upon the nations potential pro
duction capacity can be met. however.
by the farmers and home makers OF
the country without any sort or strain
and with compensation in poultry
profits more than commensurate with
the outlay OF money and effort.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
HELPING on the Earns.

Farm women, boys, and girls in
Indiana are helping food production by
taking the places of the men who have
been called to the colors and the city
industries. Investigation Of the cost
of milk production, conducted by the
dairy division OF the United States
department of agriculture, In co-opera-
ton with Purdue university, shows
that, in 1856, hired men performed
nearly half Of the work in the diaries
in the Chicago milk district Of northern
Indiana. A year later, after many OF
these men had left to Join the army or
responded 10 the higher wages paid by
the steel mills and munition factories
ar Gary, Ind, and other cities, the
women and young people went out to
the barns and are now performing over
half Of the labor which was formerly
done by the hired men. The men who
are left at home are also spending
more time in the diaries, but, were it
not for the fact that their families are
helping them, they would have consid-
erably less time to devote to the pro-
duction Of much-needed crops.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06

creasing beef production in the settled
farm areas of the North and especially
in the South, and on the ranges:
Beef production can be increased in
the settled farm areas of the nation
and especially in the South. 1t can be
increased everywhere by preventing
the loss of flesh by calves during their
first winter and keeping calves growing
during this period so that beef animals
may be marketed at earlier ages, there
by requiring the maintenance of larger
breeding herds; by using larger pro-
portion of bulls on the range to insure
larger calf crops; by using good bulls
only; by reducing the tickinfested
areas as rapidly as possible; by elm
mating as far as possible the losses
from disease and predatory animals;
by transferring animals from regions
of scarcity of feed to those where
there is an abundance of feed by pro-
viding a more ample supply of winter
feed and better shelter, and by utiliz-
ing all roughage produced, either as
fodder, hay, or silage, and supplement-
ing these feeds with more heterogeneous
concentrates and less grain.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
sxmptoms Of = Dead Doc.

''NO, ma'am, the company does not
allow dogs in the Pullmans," explained
the porter.
But he doesn't bark said the lady
with the little animal in her arms
Never mind If he doesn't; dogs are
not allowed in the cars"
''Nor he doesn't bite"
Cant take him in"
He can't growl''
makes no difference"
''He never snarls or snaps"
"Well, say. madam, what kind OF q
dog have you got there, anyway II
he's-a dead dog you can't take him
on the car, either"
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
POULTRY RAISING IS A DUTY
Farmers and People in Cities Should
Keep Enough Hens TO Supply
Table With Eggs

Prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture)
If poultry is to play the part that 1t
should play in feeding the nation and
winning the war, not only will the de-
fciency created during the past year
have to be made good. but there viii
have to be added something 10 the
average as il stood before the 1917 de-
pletion began The duty and the Op-
portunity falls upon general farmers
and upon families in cities and towns
who have enough backyard space
and that means much less space than
may be ordinarily considered neces-
sary-to keep enough hens to supply
their own tables with eggs
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
dEFARNb
SH>0GlK
INCREASED SUPPLY OF BEEF
Suggestions Made by Department Of
Agriculture to Meet Enlarged De-
mands for Meat

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture)
Washington, D. C.-'HThe exports Of
dressed beef and beef products have in
creased III per cent during the last
three years and the probability or
shortage of beef abroad will be &C
centuated. The task of meeting the
demand for beef and beef products to
a large extent has been put upon the
people of the United States, says the
United States department of agricul-
ture. It therefore recommends in its
supplementary program of production
that the number of beef animals be
maintained and in areas where it is
clearly the best range and farm prac-
tice, it should be increased. The fol-
lowing suggestions are made for in
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
PROPER LOADING
TO AVOID WASTE
Greater Care on Part of Shippers
in Packing PeriShabIe Pro-
duce Is Urged.
HEAVIER LOADS ARE CARRIED
Heavy Demands on Railroads Due to
War Conditions Have Increased
Difficulties in Handling Fruits
and Vegetables.

It is not enough to select, grade, and
pack perishable produce carefully; 1t
must be properly loaded in the cars to
prevent food waste. Many thousands
of pounds of fruits and vegetables that
were not properly loaded in freight
cars arrive at large market centers in
such condition that they must be re-
packed and sold at low prices, while
some cargoes are practically ruined
from shifting and lack of ventilation in
transit.
But the loss is not borne entirely by
the producer and shipper, for today,
with the nation at war, every freight
car must haul more cargo, and i'm
proper loading, which wastes food, also
wastes car space, because cars loaded
carelessly do not serve the nations
needs,
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06

and sprayed with kerosene oil or
crude petroleum. From I 10 2 inches
of sand or dry dirt or a thin layer OF
stray or fine hay should be spread on
the floor OF the coop. Brood cOOps
should be moved weekly to fresh
ground, preferably where there is new
grass. Shade is very essential in
rearing chickens. especially during
warm weather; therefore, the coOps
should be placed in the shade when
ever possible. A corn6eld makes fine
range for young chickens, as they Sc
cure many bugs and worms and have
fresh ground to run on most Of the
tine. due to the cultivation Of the
ground, and have abundant shade at
the same time
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Carry Heavier Loads.

Reports from railroads and shippers
show that under the stress of car short
age freight cars have been carrying
heavier loads than in the past, and in
some cases maximum safe loading has
been worked out for certain crops.
The department Of agriculture and the
railroads are endeavoring to educate
shippers to the necessity for proper
spacing, arrangement, and bracing OF
loads in cars to prevent injury in tran
sit.
Shipments Of carefully graded pro-
duce, such as peaches, put up in good
hampers have been received at market
in such condition that they had to be
repacked before they could be sold,
many hampers being so broken that
the loss Of fruit was great. All this
because the hampers were not prop
erly spaced and braced in the cars.
Even when loads are braced prop
erly and arrive intact, inattention to
requirements of refrigeration and ven
tilation often results in great losses
through mold and decay. Efficient
loading Of perishables prohibits put
ting so much in a car as to result in
such losses. The limit of safety must
be adhered TO even though there is
danger through car shortage Of not be-
ing able to ship the entire crop. If
cars are properly loaded with open
spaces between packages and an ample
air passage beneath floor racks, the
maximum weight OF carloads may be
greatly increased. with less danger
from loss than with light loads put
In the cars indiferently. Very perish
able produce, such as cherries, peaches,
pears, and plums. being shipped under
refrigeration, need special attention in
this regard, since fruit loaded within
two feet of the roof does not receive
proper refrigeration, and unless this
space Is open the remainder Of the
load is IN danger through inadequate
circulation of air to and from the ice.
Standard Ventilation.
Produce that can be shipped safely
under standard ventilation" events
open, without ice) may be loaded near
the roof with less danger than produce
that requires ice. But safe shipment
OF such produce requires air spaces
above. between, and below the pack
ages, so that cool, fresh air entering
the open vents may reach all parts Of
the load, otherwise the latent heat OF
the produce, together with the heat
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
DON'T WASTE CAR SPACE

You know that, at this time,
food is precious and that none
Of it can be allowed to go to
waste.
Do you know that, at this time,
freight car space is equally
precious and that to waste 1t is
to invite disaster?
When shipments Of produce
and other perishable food prod
ucts are not properly packed in
the car, they fare badly and
there is loss Of food.
When produce, vegetables and
the like are not properly packed
In the car, there is loss Of equal
ly valuable car space.
For your own protection from
money loss, and for the prOtec-
ton of the country from food
loss and shipping loss, exercise
scrupulous care to see that ship
ments are packed properly in
the car.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
KEEP BRooDINe COOP CLEAN
Give Chicks Good oVerhauIing Once
a Week-Spray Thoroughly
for Mites.

Rrom the United States Department OF
AETiculture-)
The brood coop should be cleaned
at least once a week and kept free
from mites. If mites are found in the
coop, il should be thoroughly cleaned
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06

generated when closely packed to-
gether, will cause rapid decay and
great losses.
Mixed carlot shipments are some
times received with the produce, such
as potatoes and cucumbers, scattered
through the load because the contain
ers have broken open in transit. 1t
is well in mixed carlot shipments to
see that each type of produce is loaded
by itself, spaced and braced, so that it
viii not shift about while travelling to
market.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
KEROSENE FOR ScALY LEGS
In Short Time After Dipping Scales
VIII Peel Of-Avoid Hettfna
the Feathers.

Here is a simple remedy for scaly
legs in fowls; as a rule, one applica-
ton is sufficient: Take a small. deep
can and ill II with kerosene Dip the
feet and legs In IL up 70 the feathers,
but do not wet the feathers. and hold
them in IL a second or two. but not
longer In short time the scales viii
peel OF and the legs viii be in as good
condition as though they had never
been scaly-
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Value of Common Thinos.

The common things OF life are things
well worth while when we know what
to do with them. 1t was a glimpse of
a bird that he had never seen before.
but which he might have seen a thou
sand times so common was it, that
made foremost nature writer out of
Bradford Torrey.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
DRAWING the Line.

anyhow" said Farmer Corntossel.
eff we do take bOarders this summer
We won't have any more OF them slack
crosses around"
What do you mean by Stacker
essesT"
Girls that swing in hamHlocks an
read novels when they ought 70 be knit
tin for soldiers"
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
sow,s EATING Pios

The reason for sows eating their
pigs is largely a matter OF feeding. To
avoid this trouble give the sows 2
good growing ration without too much
corn or other fattening food Give
them roots or potatoes occasionally
and plenty of exercise.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
TaIkinu for Effect

A good conversationalist is not one
who talks for effect 1t is generally
easy to pick out the man who is talk
ing in order to make an impression,
who says not so much what he thinks.
as what he imagines his listeners viii
consider clever.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
MORE SHEEP ARE DESIRABLE
Excellent Opportunity Afforded for
Feeding on Rough Lands, Weedy
Lots and Corners.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture)
The continued high prices Of mutton
and lamb have made it desirable that
more sheep be kept on the farms OF the
United States In many parts OF the
country there are large areas Of rough
land, weedy lots, and grOwn-up fence
rows which afford an excellent oppor-
tunity for feeding sheep.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Wanted Walnut for ounstocks.

Most of the oldest trees in this coun-
try were originally planted. not for
the sake of the fruit, but because the
wood makes the best gunstocks, be-
ing light, strong and not easily
Warpel
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Lenathens Lie of Chain.

1t has been discovered that a hemp
rope twisted in and out of the links
of an iron chain wiz make the chain
last 40 per cent longer by reducing
friction, and save from one-fifth to
one-third of the price of a new chain.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
InIine for Sheen Profits.

The men who have always kept a
good flock OF sheep are the ones who
are In line now for the profits. Those
who pay the present prices can't look
for immediate great gains.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06

One OF our eminent biologists 20
nounces that one pair of rats, If left
undisturbed, will multiply to 81, 0oO.-
600 in two years, but the reassuring
reflection is that they almost always
seem to be disturbed--Ohic State
Journal.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Insects Destroy Wood.

Investigations made by. the bureau
OF entomology have proved that in
sects cause the destruction of more
timber of size used commercially
than do forest fires.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Roman Warshin.

The man-of-war CT the ancient Ro-
mans had a crew of 225 men, of which
174 were oarsmen, working on three
decks. The speed OF this vessel was
sbout six knots an hour in fair
weather.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06

With the decreasing supply Of live
stock and the increasing demand for
meat foods there is sure to be a good
market for all the poultry meat that
can possibly be xaised.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Eeonorize Hen Heuse spao.-

To economic space in the poultry
house the nests may be placed under
the dropping boards II is best 10
have them darkened, as the hens pre-
fer a secluded place in which TO lay.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Standard Ventilation.
.RM2K0TES

Weeds waste moisture and plant
food And they're not even pretty.
Red clover win likely continue to be
our most important IegUme for the
general farmer. Alfalfa is making
steady gains and It Is a wonderful
foreEunner for many q our vegetables.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Unproiected.

''Russia's climate is very severe
Cant believe it. Those Russian
dancers never could have survived In
q really cold climate"
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Ere for AL

"Our apartment house is very noisy.
suffer in silence"
''You don't have to do that Get q
graphOphOne yourself"
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06

To keep clean and healthy take Dr.
Pierce's Pleasant Pellets. They regu.
late liver, bowels and Stomach-AGEs
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Keen Watch over Thouob+-

What a responsibility we have in be-
ing parents to thoughts; how we
should shun the mongrel thought-ba-
bies and keep them away.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06

The letter sc" is in the beginning OF
everything and in the end OF every.
one.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Avoid Excess of Fat.

The sow should not be allowed to
put on an excess Of fat before farrow-
ing time.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Season OPENS

Knicker-Is Jones an acct
Bocker-He claims TO have swatted
five flies.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06
Not Printable

the kaiser?" mo. Shl Here comes
a lady.'-Browning' Magazine.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-06-06

Farmers who have been using straw,
silage, corn fodder and a small amount
OF alfalfa hay with a little cotton
seed meal or cake or some soft corn
say that this combination makes good
inexpensive beef.
Rabbit raising on a backyard scale
Is not an experiment. Thousands OF
small rabbitries in this country are
producing meat crops regularly for
family tables. These domestic animals
are easily raised and remarkably free
from disease when properly cared foz.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-03-26
COURTENAY AND
LEEDS TO MEET
IN BIG DEBATE
Fate of Home Merchant in North
Dakota to BE Deter
mined April 4

COurtenay, n. d., March 26.--The
only two debating teams which have
not met defeat in the central part OF
the state in the debate as to the mer-
its of the mail order house as COM
pared wit hthe local merchant are
Courtenay and Leeds, which are
matched for a battle royal Thursday
evening, April A. Leeds has been
elected to uphold the Shears, Saw
buck aggregation, while Courtenay
will present the argument for the
home merchants. Leeds is represent
ed by Daniel Feeder Adelia Hagen
and Euphemia Camhan, while Court
enay will present as it's champions
Marvin I4aing, Mammie Lille and
Alice Tucker.
February / Leeds won from
Churchs Ferry by two to one count,
and on the same night Courtenay won
from" Hunter by 3 to 0. March 7
Leeds again won on the other side of
the question from New Rockford by
two to one, and on the eighth Court
enay won it's proposition from Caring
ton by g to- o. The teamsNare evenly
paired, and the debate set for Thurs
day of next week is attracting much
attention.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-03-26
SPANISH SHIP
SUNK BY SUB;
SWISS IS PROTEST
Demand Indemnity From Ger.
many for Destruction Cargo
Destined for Switzerland
ATTACKED in FREE ZONE

Berne, Saturday, March 23--An Of
ficial report has been just received
giving details of the sinking of the
Spanish steamer SardinerO, was re-
ported on February 81. and ten days
ago it was announced from Berne
that the Swiss government had de
manded an indemnity from Germany
for the destruction of the vessel.
The report states that the vessel
was attacked in the free zone; II
miles from Casa blanca. The members
of the crew declare that the com
mander Of the German submarine, at
ter searching the SardiNerO, made a
particular point OF the fact that the
ship was not provided with a letter
Of safe conduct from the German EN-
bassy in Spain The steamer was then
sunk by shell fire after the crew had
left. The Swiss government now is
claiming restitution for the cargo in
the nature Of grain or flour and the
payment Of damages for the unreceiv-
ed freight 1t is emphasize that the
demand for such a conduct was un-4
usual, even unprecedented, and it is
noted that the ermGan commander OBJ
viously had made a mistake or had
acted capriciously.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-03-26
HUI n MENACE
SPURS SENATE
TO CRITICISE
SolOns Take Out Lack of Pre-
paredness in More Long
MINDED Oratory
SITUATION is TERRIBLE

Washington, D. c., March 26.-
Spurred by the menace Of the
great German offensive, the sen
ate spent today's debate almost
entirely on subjects Connected
with the war and heard Senator
Lodge of Massachusetts deiirer
denunciation of the delays ~h;o1
have prevented greater forces
from the United States beiro p'a-
ced beside those Of the allies in
the critical hour.
An impassioned plea for speed
ing up production was nab by
Senator Thomas Of Colorado, who
declared the German forces arc
"thundering at the gates of
Paris,' and that we should be
aroused to the peril that confronts
us.
Senator Lodge characterized the
situation now confronting this
country as terrible" and urged
that the American people be told
the truth.
The fate Of this war is tremb-
ting in the balance" Senator
Lodge declared. "Our gallant al
lies are holding back the Germans
with sacrifice and courage that
goes pass c:oicgy. In this dark
hour it is a crime TO keep from
the public the fac..1 thu Germany
herself" Knows"