davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-01-10
Belgian Girls Put
Under Allied Fire
( staff Correspondence !

WASHINGTON, Jan. O. Belgian
men and women we're forced to labor
behind the German lines in positions
exposed to the fire Of the Allied artil
lery, according to the transcript Of
testimony given by (. German soldier
on the Belgian front Immediately after
his capture last November. This testi
mony was made public at the Belgian
Legation.
This soldier native of Poscn, said
that he saw three motor trucks full Of
men, women and Young girls brought to
the front. In each truck. he testified,
there were about thirty persons, two
thirds of them men
Men and women alike, they were put
to work. "Thcy mended the roads. .
tho transcript of his testimony reads.
"They broke stones for the roads. They
made bitches in the sides of the roads
to drain the water off.
"There were old men in the gangs,
but among the women there were no
old persons. The women and girls were
Exclusively occupied in mending the
roads. Among them I saw only few
men engaged in supervising and direct
ing them. The majority Of the men
were loading and unloading wagons
and lorries in the stations or were en-
ployed in the engineers parks. They
cut down and chopped up trees to make
planks for the trenches and for the
foot bridges; They prepared the cement
for trench Shelters"
New-York tribune., 1918-01-10
ST, 100000 to House
Shipyard Workers

WASHINGTON, Jan. Immediate
expenditure of Sl.2OO,OOO to provide
housing accommodations for shipyard
workers at Newport News was decided
ON to-day by the Shipping Board after
a Senate subcommittee had presented
the urgency of the situation. Housing
facilities will be provided at other
plants engaged on government work as
soon as possible after Congress passes
a bill now pending providing money
for the purpose.
The subcommittee appointed by the
Senate Commerce Committee investi
eating shipbuildng took up with tho
board to-day tho subject of housing
workers at Newport News after Homer
L. Ferguson, president Of the Newport
News Shipbuilding Company, a witr.Sss
al the inquiry yesterday, had declared
his yard could take on no more men
until housing was obtained.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-10
+ ederal Government
To Seize Oil Supply

WASHINGTON, Jan. 9.-The govern
r,ent is preparing to take control of the
oil supply under the fuel administra-
ton. A man has been selected to take
charge, and his name will be made pub
lie with the announcement Of the gov
crnment's decision.
1t is understood that the govern
ment's plans are not fully maturcd. and
will not be until the new appointeo
makes an investigation. Licensing of
the oil industry from the wells to the
wholesaler is contemplated.
A. c. Bedford, chairman of the board
of directors Of the Standard Oil Com
rany of New Jersey and chairman Of
the petroleum committee of the Coun-
Gil of National Defence, said last night
he had heard nothing about the govern
ment taking control of the oil supply.
Until he had been informed officially of
the plan. he said, he would withhold
cOmmcnt
New-York tribune., 1918-01-10

should be regarded government en-
ploycs
Testifyng before the Senate com
nittce. George NJ. Shriver, vicc-prosi
dent of the Baltimore & Ohio, sue
gested that compensation should be
based on property investments as Of
December 81. 1917. rather than June
30. 1917, as proposed in the bill. The
average return on investment of the
thirtyeight principal Eastern systems
for the three-year period suggested by
said. He argued that the Eastern rail
roads had added SllO,0ooOO0 to their
previous investment in the last half
of 1917.
Consequently. if provisions of the
bill are carried out. he said the East
ern roads return on property invest
ment really would be 533 per cert.
General reimbursement of the coun-
try's complicated rate system to fit
the new non-competitive situation will
be one of the early outgrowths of gov
ernment railroad operation, it was
officially indicated to-day.
President Wilson's action in taking
over the railroads WAS indorsed o-day
by julius uttschnitt. of the South
ern Pacific, before the Senate Inter
Stdte NoullNtIc" NonllIitlec. ne rdll
roads. lie said. were going to be good
soldiers" and continue to work Loyalty.
Pooling of delivery facilities by mer-
camille establishments for use in un-
loading freight is being experimental ID
with here TO determine whether con-
mercial trucks and vehicles cannot
solve the terminal congestion probler,
If successful, Director General Nc
Adoo probably will extend the plan
throughout the country.
Retail stores are being restricted to
one delivery a day, their vehicles be-
ing used at other times for hauling
freight.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-10
Germany Plans to Crush France
To Bring Crisis in World War
Now Able Concentrate All Her Strength on West Front
Hopes to Win Decisive Victory This Year. Says -
Authoritative Article in "Frankfurter Zeitung'

the enemies-nay, it would have been
decisivc-if they had been able at any
time to overthrow and vanquish the
armies of the Central Powers.
"Thc spring of 1915 threatened a
crisis in the war by the loss of Con-
stantinople.
"The entry of Bulgaria into the war,
the conquest of Serbia and the rather
meaningless Salonica expedition con-
Quoted with lack of energy by the
Western powers, all contributed to our
being able to rescue Turkey.
"Our victorious march through Gal;cia
and Poland, beginning with the impor-
tant break through the Dunajec, led to
no real crisis. for Russia was sufficient
ly big and strong to survive this heavy
blow.
an the West there was heavy fight
ing during 1915, but the high-water
mark was not reached. as England was
still getting ready.
During 1916 the zenith Of the mil
itary pressure on the Central Powers
was reached and highly critical situa-
A Tremendous Struggle
ut was our most tremendous strug
gle for life and freedoms; real crisis
in the world war--the most concentrate
ed and comprehensive onslaught we had
ever seen. The Entente threw its last
Al IL %1
deal the death blow to the Central
Powers. 1t was n crisis truly worthy
Of world combat.
"We all know the end. A change in
the supreme command brought fresh
ideas, ruthless action, complete revo--
luton This crisis for the Central
Powers was weathered and the critical
time for the enemy began. In 1917
crises arose only for the enemy. Crises
for England and France came when
their attacks broke down. In the East
the strategical crisis caused political
crisis. The italian crisis in the autumn
continued this series Of decisive dis
appointments for the Western powers
In 1917 also the Central Powers direct
ed an attack against England and tn<
submarine crisis arose.
"The new year begins with con
tinuation of strategic Developments as
a result of the decisions of 1917. The
prospects are that the next six months
will be the deciding period. In this
eminently important period the Cen
trail Powers will have with absolute
certainty 4 strategic superiority. Dur
ing this time the hopes of the West
ern powers for American help canno
possibly be fulfilled. The Centra
Powers will be able to concentrate
their whole strength on the west front
Never again, and certainly not within
six months, will the English and Frencf
New-York tribune., 1918-01-10
and Black

and i'll evening shades of Flesh Pink, White,
Silver Grey, or Beige. Sizes 81 to A.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-10
director General Will Name
Investigation Board
To-day
Strikes Are Not
Planned by Men
But Nearly All Glasses of
Workers Seek Increases
in Pay

WASHINGTON, Jan. @. Higher
wages will be asked of the railroad
administration soon by nearly all
clssses of organized railroad labor. 1t
VAS learned to-day that many pending
wage disputes Will be transferred to
,be government from railway execu-
i've boards and in other cases new
demands Will be formulated for pres
entation TO Director General McAdoo.
who probably will deal with them
through Investigating boards.
Strikes are not contemplated by any
organization. II is said and wage ques-
IONS will not be put up to the Director
General as demands.
Switchmen's Chief Sees McAdoo
The only general demand for wage
Increases considered by Director Gen
eral McAdoo arc those presented by
the four railway brotherhoods and the
Svtchmen's Union, whose president,
$. E. Heboriing, conferred with MIR.
}lcAdoo to-day. The brotherhoods'
case will be investigated by board
Of four to be named by the Director r
General tomorrow, and he also may
ask this body to inquire into the
switchmen's demand. which now is be-
ng considered by committee of rail
way executives representing all roads.
Maintenance of way employees, the
largest of the railroad unions, recently
= L-,r
ton and Cancellation to call the atten-
ton of the Director General to their in
terests, but because the law limits the
activities OF the board to mediation in
disputes affecting operating employees
the request was turned over to the De
partment of Labor.
The Order of Railway Telegraphers
has been making demands for increased
wages and improved working conditions
on Individual systems throughout the
country. The Switchmen's Union is the
only union besides the four brother
hoods which ever has presented de-
mand to the transportation systems of
the country as a whole.
Assistants TO Be Named
The Director General announced to-
night that he expected to name rail
the country to assist him in admins
teling government operation, but said
he had not determined how many would
be appointed nor what territory each
director should supervise. 1t is con-
sidered probable, however, that not
nore than six or seven will be named.
Nr. McAdoo said specifically that he
I'd not plan to name state directors
thousands OF applications for positions
as state rsilroad supervisors have been
received within the last few DAYS.
Before the House Interstate Com
merce Committee Interstate Commits
sioner Anderson to-day reiterated tina;
It seemed impracticable to change the
railroad bill to provide for termina-
ton OF government control at a speci
ac time after the war. This woulc
cause chaos in railroad affairs, he said
Representative Moore, of Pcnnsyl
vania. asked the committee to amenC
The bill to provide specifically for gov
ernment control of canal transporta-
ion facilities. Members of the United
States Employees Compensation Com
mission advocated that railroad mer
New-York tribune., 1918-01-10
New Dutch Envoy Sails
For the u. S. Next Week
TStof Correspondence I

WASHINGTON, Jan. Augustus
Phillips, the new Dutch Minister, will
sail for the United States next week.
He will be accompanied by his wife
and five children, including two grown
daughters.
Chevalier w L. +. C. Van Rappard
the retiring minister, Will return to
Holland, where he will be assigned a
post in the Foreign Office at The
Hague, Oh the first steamer sailing
after the arrival Of his successor.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-10

have the exceedingly favorable oppor-
tunities Of 1915. 1916 and 1917 for q
general offensive.
every Entente hope of the success
of new offensive on the west front
cur troops from the East. This is
New-York tribune., 1918-01-10
[Staf Correspondence]

LONDON" Jan. Q. 9.-Germany plans
that her next attack will be on France,
and hopes the collapse Of France may
be the next crisis in the war. This
is the German expectation for the new
year as appears from an authoritative
article.
"The Frankfurter zeitung," pub
llshed on Christmas Day, dealt with
the strategic crisis of the war and
predicted victory for the Central Pow
crs this year. In the first two and a
half years, the writer says, all the
critical moments were on the Teuton
side and fortune favored the Allies
Since the beginning Of 1917 the bal
ance has been turned against the En-
tente.
The intensified submarine warfare.
the detection of Russia and the defeat
OF Italy have enabled Germany to look
forward to 1918 with greater hopes
than ever before The whole strength
of the Central Powers, according to
this article. may now be concentrated
on the Western front, and the Western
powers can never again have the pros
poets they had in 1915 and 1916
portion of this article, which
bears all the carmarks Of semi official
inspiration, is we'll worth quoting,
since 1t IS we'll known what the enemy
is counting on this year, and especially
since there is considerable possibil-
'ty OF the Allies prcferring defensive
warfare in 1918, to further embryonic
lines in the West.
First Crisis in the War
"l'hc first crisis in the world war
the period during which the French
fled to Bordeaux and when for davs
the thunder of the German guns
startled Paris, was doomed to pass
without any fatal result" saws the
writer.
1.-THE reverse in France and the diff
fcult days in South Poland and Galicis
led to the second crisis of the war;
crisis which threatened our very exist.
cnce," he continues. "Joffre rcckonce
to break through on the Aisnc while
the Russian Grand Duke reckoned or
victorious entry into Breslau ant
Cracow. The situation on the various
battleiields was desperate and it would
have been much more favorable fo,
New-York tribune., 1918-01-10

gain of inestimabIe Importance. But in
addition. the high command has de-
clared that a decisive blow against
France is possible.
"The war IS turning against France.
The French crisis may be the next
military crisis and the last of the war"
New-York tribune., 1918-01-10
Dies in Auto Show

Miss Ella Elliott, 90 years old,
of White Plains, who has been stop
ping for some time at the Murray Hill
Hotel, died suddenly of heart failure
last night while attending the automo-
bile show in Grand Central Palace.
Williston graphic., 1918-06-13

Lloyd, trembling and weakened by
his long fast, t0ttered ont. assisted by
soldier on each side Of him.
They took him before the captal1,
but could get nothing out Of him but:
"F0r Gods sake, cir, don't have mo
shot, don't have me shot"
The captain, utterly disguised With
him, sent him under escort to division
headquarters for trial by court.mar-
tial. charged with desertion under 1r@
They shoot dese1ters In France.
During his trial, Lloyd sat ~ one
dazed, and could put nothing forward
In his DEFENSE only an Occasional
"Dohst have me shot!''
His sentence was passed: ITO b
shot at 8 :38 o'clock In the morning Of
May 10, 1916" This meant that hs
had only one more day to live.
He did not realize the awfulness Of
his sentence; his brain seemed para
lyzed. He knew nothing Of his trip.
under guard, in q motor lorry to the
sandbagged guardroom in the village,
where he was dumped on the floor and
left, while q sentry with a fixed haZQ-
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-03-22

($5.00) to ten dollars $4,000 per
bushel In 10 case should the sell
ing price of seed corn exceed ten
dollars $4,000 per bushel, except
for pedigreed stock, which is the re-
suit of years of careful breeding and
selection.
(b) Old corn which tests 900 or
over by composite test may also
be sold for not more than from five
dollars ($5.OO) per bushel to ten
dollars ($1O.O04 bushel.
Co In most cases the seed corn
of 10th the 1916 and 1917 crops
should be sold at or near $500 per
bushel.
(d) A margin not to exceed one
dollar ($1.00) a bushel exclusive of
the cost of transportation, testing
and bags is considered a fair mar
gin for the dealer in seed corn.
No one should purchase seed corn
some definite guarantee of
termination. No seed corn should be
planted which has been grown more
than 100 miles south Of the location
where planted, except where grown
for ensilage purposes. We recommend
that southern seed be planted as far
as possible for ensilage purposes, thus
making available larger amount of
local seed for the dry corn crop.
FRED G. CROXTON,
Federal Food Administrator for Ohio.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-03-22
CrOXtOn Appeals to Producers
and Dealers to Prevent
Decreased Acreage,
MUST FOREGO BIG PROFITS
Suggests Price That May Be
Charged For Tested
Seed Corn.

Columbus, O.-(Special Fired G.
Croxton, Federal Food Administrator
for Ohio, has just issued the following
statement on seed corn directed to all
producers and dealers:
The seed corn situation is so grave
and SO many inquiries are being re-
ceived with reference to prices that
r the following circular is being issued
by the Federal Food Administration
for Ohio, after consultation with va
rious departments interested in the
subject:
l. Corn from the 1917 crop should
not be offered for sale as seed corn
unless ear tested, excepting in un-
usual cases where a composite test
shows 500 or over.
2. For the 1916 crop a composite
test should be sufficient if the corn
tests 500 or over. If less than
900 termination is shown, then an
ear test should be made,
3. (a) A satisfactory composite test
may be made by selecting at least
three samples-One sample from the
upper, one from the lower, and one
from the middle part of the crib or
lot. Each sample should be tested
separately taking from one to three
grains from each of the 100 ears. The
three tests should then be averaged to
arrive at a fair valuation of the total.
3. An excessive price for seed corn
threatens to seriously curtail the
planting of the 1918 crop. To win the
war it is necessary for everyone to
make some sacrifices and we urge all
producers and dealers to forego the
opportunity for larger profits on seed
corn so that the largest possible acre
age of corn may be grown in Ohio this
year. In order that every acre may be
planted for which good seed may be
found, we request that the following
prices and margins be observed in
selling and handling the available sup
ply of seed corn in the state.
(a) All ear tested corn should be
sold for not more than five dollars
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-03-22
THE WAR, THE FARM
AND THE FARMER
By Herbert Quick

The farmer everywhere love 8
peace. The American farmer espe-
cially loves peace Since the dawn of
history, the farmer has been the man
who suffered most from war. All that
he possesses lies out of doors in plain
sight and is spoil of war-his house,
his grain, his livestock. The flames
that light the skies in the rear Of
every invading army are consuming
the things that yesterday represented
his life work, and the life labors of
past generations of farmers.
Everywhere the farmer is warrior
when war is the only thing which will
make and keep him free. He cannot
rally to the colors as quickly as can
the dwellers in the cities, because it
takes longer to send to the farms the
call to arms. 1t takes longer to call
the farmers from the fields than the
city dwellers from the shops. Many
do not hear the first blast of the
trumpet. Others do not at first under
stand it's meaning because they have
not had the time to talk the matter
over with their acquaintances. Instead
of reading half dozen extras a day,
the farmer may read weekly papers
only He must have more time in a
sudden emergency to make up his
mind.
1t is impossible to set the farmers
of the United States on fire by means
of any sudden spark of rHmor. But
when they do ignite, they burn with
a slow, hot fire which nothing can put
out. They are sometimes the last to
heat up; but they stay hot. In long
fight they are always found sturdily
carrying the battle across No-Man's
Land in the last grim struggle. The
American farmer will give all that he
has and all that he is to win this
great war against war.
This war was at first hard to under:
stand. No armed foe had invaded the
United States. The night skies were
not Redeemed by burning ricks and
farm houses. No raiding parties
robbed US of our cattle or horses. No
saber-rattlers insulted our women 1t
seemed to many of us that we were
not at war-the thing was so far off.
We did not realize what a giant war
had become-a monster with a thou
sand arms that could reach across the
seas and take from us three-fourths of
everything we grew. But finally we
saw that it was So
If the Imperial German government
had made and enforced an order that
no American farmer should leave his
This is the first of three articles T
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-03-22
FIN MANUFACTURERS PRICES
on BINDER TWINE

Following an investigation of the
cost of manufacturing binder twine the
United States Food Administration has
announced the maximum advances
over cost of sisal which may be
charged by the manufacturer The
scale is based upon the present price
of 19 cents per pound for sisal fiber.
Standard and sisal binder twine con-
tanning 500 feet to the pound should
be sold in carload lots of 10000 pounds
or more at a maximum advance Of 4
cents per pound above the cost OF sisal
Lots of 10000 pounds or more, but less
than 10000 pounds, are to be sold at
an advance Of not more than AS cents
per pound above the primary price.
All smaller amounts are to carry an
advance of not more than AN cents
per pound.
Twine that contains $50 feet to the
pound should be sold at a maximum
advance of IA cents per pound above
the price for standard twine; 500 feet
to the pound at an increase of 3
cents; $50 feet to the pound, at Az
cents per pound increase. Pure
manila twine containing $50 feet to
the pound should be sold at an ad-
vance of not more than 6 cents per
pound above the price Of standard
twine. All of these prices are f. o. b.
factory. In formulating this scale OF
prices the Food Administration has
considered the increased weight OF
binder twine over it's sisal content. 1t
has made allowances tor the fact that
manufacturers now have on hand
sisal which was purchased at lower
prices than rule today or twine that
was manufactured from the lower
priced sisal
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-03-22

own land, haul grain or drive stock
to town, it would have done only a
little more than it accomplished by
It's 1nterdict against the freedom of the
sea. What was the order against
which we rebelled when we went in
the American farmer in the latter
part of 1914 and the first half Of 1915
and see.
When the war broke out, through
surprise and panic we partially gave
up for a while the use of the sea as
a highway. And the farmers Of
America faced ruin. | know an Iowa
farmer who sold his 1914 crop of 25,-
900 bushels Of wheat for seventy cents
bushel. Farmers in the south sold
their cotton for half the cost of pro-
ducing it. All this time those por-
tions of the world whose ports were
open were ready to pay almost any
price for our products.-W When finally
we set our ships in motion once more,
prosperity returned to the farms. But
it never returned for the farmers of
those nations which remained cut off
from ocean traffic,
Take the case of Australia. There
three crops have remained unsold on
the farms. No ships could be spared
to make the long voyage to Australia.
So in spite of the efforts of the gov
ernment to save the farmers from
ruin, grain has rotted in the open.
Millions of tons have been lost for
lack of a market.
Such conditions spell irretrievable
disaster. Such conditions would have
prevailed in this country from the out
break of the war until now if our
government had not first resisted with
every diplomatic weapon, and finally
drawn the sword
Why did we draw the sword? To
keep up the price of wheat and cot
ton, and to protect trade only? II
someone should order you to remain
on your farm, and not to use the pub
lie highways, would your resistance
be based only on the fear of loss in
profits from failure to market your
crops? By no means! You would fight
to the last gasp! Not to make money,
but to be free!
When a man is enslaved, all he
loses in money is his wages. But the
white man has never been able to ac-
cept slavery. He has never yet been
successfully enslaved. There rises up
in him against servitude a resentment
so terrible that death always 10
preferable.
e second to hs published next week.