davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-10-09

CONTINUED on Faye AaeJ
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-07
Three Day Session viii BE
Opened Tuesday; Only
p One Public Function.
THOUSAND VISITORS COMING
Many Notables Included IN
Guests; Hold Forth at
t- Convention Hall.

c,rrrrly "A week pIssr7 but Tulsa
"a pn, meeting place ut % convention
.,tt,or OF on OF gas w"n or "t nh Ih.
dustrilI or frltrrnal organization.
tn fact "A visitor from the uorthW W'st
once said after spending "a few days
tp tho city. it Wgs' his impression
that there was constantly "A '"h''H-
ton uf some sort iu Tulsa
Lust week tt was "a meeting or inc
Scottish Kite society aud another
meeting of the oklahoma state den
tai association, many members OF
which paid their first but Doubtless
not last visit to the city.
This week It Is tho order OF East
ern star. auxiliary Of the great
Masonic body which will occupy the
center Of the stage ia the annual
meeting Of the grand chapter "i
Oklahoma. and the sessions are cN
pectcd 60 attract several hundred
visitors to Tulst Ih" average at
tendance ia from 1900 20 1900 hul
owing 90 tho war and the faet tha'
this city is spmrwnJ, removed from
the struuEholds Of masonry ana th,
Eastern star iu oklahoma the focal
chapter will not ho surprised or dis.
appointed N there are l,ss than q
thousand delegates and visitors
Met Here In 1907.
It will not be tho first occasion
upon which Tulsa has been host Of %
grand chapter mcctiug that body
having assembled in grand session in
this city in 1907 hut It is th" FIRST
opportunity which local orders have
had for demonstrating tho present
facilities of Tulsa chapter and the
city for entertaining gathering of
the size and character OF oklahoma
grand lodge o. r.. $, -
Uotol Tulsa has hen designated
as headquarters for tho visitors and
the SESSIONS Of tho chapter will be
held at Convention hall.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-07
Grand Chapter Eastern Star
Of Oklahoma Here This Week

while the meeting proper does uu'
.h,rIu until Tuesday evening" Np' p,
o. there viii be q large reception '''"
dance at Convention hail. Delegates
ana visitors will begin to ~rr'Ne as
.rarly As today to- remain over uh"'
after the close Of the meeting lhu's
day night, April II,
Many Distinguished Guests
Mrs Emma Ocobock OF Michigan
mos, worthy grand matron' who had
beeu named as honor guest "t the
rrrcption has sent word that she VIII
bc unable to come ON account OF
serious Illness in her Immediate
family However, there viii bc seN-
cr,I other distinguished visitors IN
the persons OF Mrs Maudc Il. Nonk-
Ihu ~ oklahoma city, past most
WORTHY grand matron, who served as
|hrah Of the organization during her
residence In oregon. Mrs. NJ AIlco
Miller Of III Reno, another past most
worthy grand matron viii he IN at
/ Tendance as win also Mrs. May .
belle Lane, past grand matroh OF
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-07
six PetticOdts.

5000 value, this week Sf.95
$3.50 value, this week $5.S5
$1,000 vafuc, this week S.45
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-07

Kansas, now n resident OF Tulsa,
Mrs ora Eruss OF Lawton. grand
mAtrou Of oklahoma. and Samuel w.
Hogan Of Cnshion, grand patron OF
tho order Mrs. Clara a. Mcbride
OF Aloha. rSES6 E1s pnany years was
known as the mother OF the Eastern
star in oklahoma and who was eS-
pccted to be present, died last week
at her home Mrs. Mary II. Mcclure
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-04-07

Separate SIR Skirts.
$995 value, sale price N.fj
$3.50 value. sale price S9.Sj
$l750 value, price SiI.S5
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
That Woke Her,

The visitor had dropped in "just for
n inmate" but she remained about
three hours after the minute was up.
Little Freddie had formed several
plans, the execution of which must be
postponed till the departure of his
mothers guest, so he sat quietly think
ing things.
Dear little man" !" gushed the visi-
tor. And what is he thinking about
so deeply?"
81 was wondering If it wasn't time
for you to be going" said Freddie.
"Hush :" said his mother. Then,
turning TO her guest: You mustn't be
offended Mrs. Smith. Children will 90
blurting out the truth without think
ing. but they don't mean anything by
it."
Then Mrs. Smith recollected that she
had only three minutes in which to
catch the last car home.
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
AND NOW THEY ARE COOKING
TOBACCO TO MAKE 1T BETTER

For good many years The American
Tobacco Company have been conducting a
series of experiments having as their
object the improvement of smoking
tobaccos.
And it is interesting to know that one
of the greatest of their discoveries was one
of the simplest, and that was, that cooking
or toasting tobacco improved it in every
way, Just as cooking most foods improves
them.
They took real Burley tobacco, grown
in this country; toasted it as you would
toast bread; moistened it to replace the
natural moisture driven off by toastins
made it into cigarettes, called them
LUCKY STRIKE, the toasted cigarette,
and offered them to the public.
Theresult has been the greatest demand
ever created for any tobacco product in a
similar length OF time.
The change produced by toasting is not
only most Wholesome, but the flavor is
greatly improved just as cooking improves
meat, for example.-Adv.
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
WOMEN SUFFERERS MAY
NEED SWAMP-ROOT

Thousands upon thousands of women
have kidney and bladder trouble and
never suspect it.
Women's complaints often prove to be
nothing else but kidney trouble, or the
result of kidney or bladder disease.
If the kidneys are not in a healthy
condition, they may cause the other or
gans to become diseased.
Pain in the back, headache, loss of am
bition, nervousness, are often times symp-
toms Of kidney trouble.
Don't delay starting treatment. DR..
Kilmers' Swamp-Root, a physicians pre-
scription, obtained at any drug store, may
be Just the remedy needed to overcome
such conditions.
Get medium or large size bottle inn
mediately from any drug store.
However, if you wish first to test this
great preparation send ten cents, to DR..
Kilmer & Co., Binghamton, N. Y, for a
sample bottle. When writing be sure and
mention this paper.-Adv.
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
BoscHEE's GERMAN SYRUP

will quiet your cough, soothe the In
fiammation of sore throat and lungs,
stop irritation in the bronchial tubes,
insuring q good nights rest, free from
coughing and with easy expectoration
in the morning. Made and sold in
America for fifty-two years. A won
derful prescription, assisting Nature in
building up your general health and
throwing off the disease. Especially
useful in lung trouble, asthma, Group,
bronchitis, etc. For sale in all civil
lied countries.-Adv.
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22

1t is planned to make careful Sc.
lection of men whose places can be
filled without hardship.
Men working in the yards nre placed
in the deferred class in the draft
1t is urged that mechanics go at
once to the nearest enrolment agent
of the United States public service re-
serve of the labor department.
Through the council of national de.
fense an appeal has been made to gov.
ernors, mayors and other prominent of
ficials to stimulate interest in their
communities
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22

and the organization for enrolment is
complete. The board wants men Will
ing to give n good days work for
good days pay, and does not ask them
to sacrifice present positions until
called upon.
The need is great. The shipping
board has the money; the housing of
men is being arranged for; the yards
are being completed. and the mate
rails are available. All that now is
lacking is the spirit in the nation that
will send the best mechanics to the
yards not to disrupt business.
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
RECIPE FOR GRAY HAIR.

To half pint of water add ] OF. Bay
Rum, small box of Barbo Compound,
and 4 or of glycerine. Any druggist can
put this up or you can mix it at home at
very little cost. Full directions for max
ing and use come in each box of Barbo
Compound. 1t will gradually darken
streaked. faded gray hair, and make it soft
and glossy 1t will not color the scalp, is not
sticky or greasy, and does not rub off. Adv.
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
catarrh Cannot Be Cured

by LOCAL APPLICATIONS, as they
cannot reach the seat of the disease.
Catarrh is a local disease, greatly inhu-
enced by constitutional conditions. HALLS
CATARRH MEDICINE will cure catarrh.
the Blood on the Mucous Surfaces Of the
System. HALLS CATARRH MEDICINE
is composed of some of the best tonics
blood purifiers. The perfect combination
of the ingredients in HALLS CATARRH
MEDICINE is what produces SUCH won
Druggists 75c. Testimonials free.
F. J. Cheney & Co., Props. Toledo. o.
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
PERUNA-The Greatest
Human Vitalizer -.

Mr.. VIM. A. Hartman. 217h South
'econd St, Muskogee. Okla. writes:
During the winters of 1897 and
1898, was so badly afflicted with
catarrh of the head and thought 1
must surely die from It After try
ing many doctors and all other
recommended remedies made. known
to me, ! was induced to use Peruna.
1 was cured entirely by using twelve
bottles of Peruna and one bottle of
Manalin.
Since that time. I have never been
without Peruna. ] use il for colds
and as general tonic during Spring
and Fall months and find 1t the
greatest human vitalizer."
Those who object to liquid medi-
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
DRIVE FOR SHIP WORKERS ON
Chairman Hurley States Vital Need
and Asks but Slight Sacrifices
From Men.

Washington, Feb. 13.-Because ships
are the primary factor in the winning
of this war. and their construction de-
pends upon labor, 250,O0O men are to
be enrolled during the present week In
the United States shipyard volunteers.
"Reglstratlon week" has been set
aside by proclamation in each state.
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
Aid in Emergency.

"Did those speeches you delivered
help anybody?'
yes" said Senator Sorghum. 81
have no doubt some of the copies had
printed We're used for fuel"
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
Becomes a General Nuisance.

"Dc man dat's always bossin'
around" said Uncle Eben, sis liable
to git folks so interested dat dey neg
lects der work to listen to him talk
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
Advice.

"NIy son, 1t is easy enough to be a
promising young man."
"YeS. father"
"But the trick in life is not to prom
ise, but to perform"
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
w. N. u, DENVER, NO. s-1s1s.
Found an Oyster.

Bn-Did you go TO the oyster sup
per at the church?
JILL sure did.
Were there many there"
Il found one"
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
Polly Will Get 'Em.

81 hear that Polly Peach is applying
for position as policewoman"
."Well, Polly would arrest attention
If nothing else"
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
In Britain.

"One could hardly call her good
looking" "Oh, no; but she's so rotten
sweet and devilish amiable."
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22

Red Cross Bag Blue. much better, goes
farther than liquid blue. Get from any
grocer. Adv.
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
Like All Men.

served" Iokus-''So do |, If she is re-
served for me."-Life.
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
Quite Literal.

what did the jockey exclaim wheL
his mount threw him and fell on top
of him."
"He said This is IL horse on me-"
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
Not Good Boon Companion

Not Good Boon Companions.
I'D never accept an invitation to
drink with doctor"
"Why not?"
Because even when they treat a
man they make him pay for it."
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22

Smile on wash day. That's when you use
Red Cross Bag Blue. Clothes winter than
snow. All grocers. Adv.
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
Official Approval.

"He says I'm nice enough to eat"
"Otiicial praise, my dear He's food
Inspector"
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
When Your Eyes Need Care
Try Murine Eve Remedy

10 smartins : JHst nye Comfort 90 cents 2
MURINE EYE REMEDY CO., CHICAGO
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
lmportant to Mothers

Examine carefully every bottle OF
CASTORIA, that famous old remedy
for infants and children, and see that it
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
Practical.

Does he pay his debts?'
No; gave him a Christmas pres
ent once and he only thanked me-"
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
Lesson in Pronunciation.

Harry Lauder told story at a Rob
ert Burns dinner in Chicago.
"A new minister preached his first
sermon in little Scottish village" he
began, "and mt the end of the services
the preceptor came to him and said:
$50 We call 'em Sawms, do ye!
Losh, moo, we never knew what t0
make o. that there = hereabouts. We
always called 'em Spasms.'"
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22

Those who object to liquid medi-
cines can secure Peruna tablets.
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
Modern Blindness.

IIusband-Did she look out of sight
Wife, can't imagine any persoi
with sigkr wearing such n gown
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
Mot Where AGE Is Concerned.

\ merchant can get along withnnt
advertising and so can wagon with
out grcase-but II goes hard.
The Ordway new era., 1918-02-22
Quite Frequently.

divided?.
Pupil-By earthquakes.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-22
MONT. FARMERS
WERE HARD HIT
Northern Montana Needs
$2,275,000 for Seed for
This Years Crop.

Helena, Mont. Jan. 22.-With more
ground plowed and in better shape
for seeding than ever before. northern
Montana counties at present are, con-
fronted with the prospect of being
unable to buy the necessary seed, and
unless immediate help is obtained
thousands and thousands Lc acres Of
plowed ground will of necessity pro-
duce only crops of weeds. >..s
This was the information given
GoverEaA' S. V. Stewart today BY dele
cations Of county officials who are err
route to Missoula to attend the coun-
ty officers convention there.
Attorney General s.! G. Ford, who
has been conducting an independent
investigation into the. situation, has
made a compilation of the figures fur
nished him. They show that % Mon
tana counties require not less than
$2.275,O00 for seed alone, and this
sum does not take account, Of the feed
that must be purchased for work
stock when the crop is put in. There
are 10000 homesteaders in the 20
counties who have. lived from one to
two years on their lands but have
not secured patent.
"I will send this data to the Mon
tana congressional delegation at once,'''
said Mr.. Ford. Tin support Of the
pending bill providing for the imme-
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-22
McCOVERN HEARING !.
is INDEFINITELY
POSTPONED, SAYS LADD

B Farfo, n. D.. Jan. 22.-The hear-
ing on the complaints against j. A.
IMcGovern, chief deputy inspector Of
held before the railroad commission
this morning. is postponed indefinite
ily. according to announcement made
by DR.. E.. F. Laid, late this after
noon. Charges Of unfairness and par
TALLY, were filed against McGovern
by three Of the six elevator men. who
the deputy cited to appear before the
commission some time ago to answer
ITO charges of improper grading and
w " en- asxa THESE IS els than os men attach wpieh
McGovern holds. alleging that it is
not authorized by law.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-22
M'KENZIE COUNTY
FARMERS PUNCTURE
THE BONE DRY LAW


Alexander. N. D., Jan. 22.-Frank
Drake, Chris Peterson and Joe Brad
dock. prominent residents Of the
C~harboneau vicinity, Mckenzie county.
were taken into federal custody by
Pat Bowler, United States marshal.
last Saturday on their farms near
Charboneau. ),
The warrants for their arrest
charged them with violation Of the
act of March 5. commonly known as
the bone dry law The three, it is al
into the state by automobile last fall
from Mondak. Mont.
Arraigned before Robert Norheim.
United States commissioner at Alex
ander, N. D., that afternoon, they
were held to the next term Of federal
court. Bail was fixed at $500 in each
case, which was furnished.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-22
Il North Dakota NeUS J
'WIIILLISTON BOY GETS
\ CARNEGIE MEDAL

WilltstonssN: d.. Jan. 22.-"Greater
love hath no man than this that he
lay down his life for his friend"
This Quotation is engraved on Car
snegie medal which James Ogland has
received and which he Is proudly
showing to his schoolmates in the
fifth grade.
Another engraving reads:
Awarded to j. Norris Ogland, who
attempted to save John l.! Townsend
from drowning. Winston. ~. D, June
g, 1916"
In addition to this medal there il
placed in to the account Of James
Ogland $1,000 which In the time to
come will be drawn upon as he at
tends college.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-22
EQUITY EXCHANGE
BUYING THE HERALD
PA|G1E! rII g! /

Fargo. N. D.. Jan. ga deal
whereby the stockholders Of the Co.
operators Herald will dispose Of their
stock to the Equity Cooperative ex.
change. is pending. according to an.
nouncement made by A. M. Baker.
The Herald was founded five years
ago. by Mr.. Baker and has been the
official organ Of the Equity. Mr..
Baker has been the managing editor
and business manager. :
It is stated that r.. v. Fylles, who
for the last two years has been ASSOC
ciated with Mr. Baker, will become
the manager Of the publication, which
will continue to publish from the
Fargo Offices.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-22
Farmer, Who Would
Rather See Trousers
On Pole Than Flag, Held

Fargo. N. D., Jan .22-Henry Won
Bank. president of a school district
seven miles south of Buffalo, N. D.,
accused Of violating the act of June
ID 1917, when. 1t is alleged, he de-
he would rather see pair Of
old trousers hanging from the school
house flag pole in his district than an
American fiag, waived examination
when arraigned before United States
Commissioner Green. yesterday, He
was bound over to the Fargo term of
federal court :
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-22
FAMILY ANIL !.
HAS TWELVE; AT
FRENCH FRONT
Three Brothers are Dead
and One is a Prisoner in
Germany.

Fargo, N. D., Jan. 22.-This is story
told by a service flag hanging in the
main Office OF the F. o. Kncer cream
cry, Fargo. containing twelve stars.
JNR. Christianson. who is foreman
OF the creamery, states that twelve
members Of the Christian family. have
entered the British army. eight still
being in service, according to the lat
est reports. 81
Three have been killed in action
Twelve are brothers Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Christian. five are his and seven are
her brothers.
The three killed in action are Mrs.
Christians brothers, as is also the
prisoner of war.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-22
Deposed Postmaster
OF Fargo Lays Case
Before Authorities

Fargo, N. D.. Jan. 22.-George W.
Wilkinson. removed as postmaster last
Friday, has left for Washington. d.
c., to place the matter Of his removal
before the postmaster general, and to
ask for a canvass of the situation in
the hope Of being re-instated.
Postal inspectors have completed
checking up the affairs of the office
and found everything in a satisfactory
condition. Charles F. Alfred, former
assistant postmaster. is the acting
postmaster.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-22
D. SEED GROWERS
ELECT OFFICERS

Fargo. N. D.,;Jan. 22-F. ". Keitz-
man Of Lakota, was elected president
OF the North Dakota Seed Growers
meeting held Thursday evening. Pro-
fessor H. L. Bolley OF the State Agri-
cultural college.%'was reelected secre-
tary-treasurer. The, directors are Mrs.
Clark Kelley. Devils Lake, N. D.; D.
D. Simmons Of Fargo: e. NJ. Gran
lund OF Delamere; Joseph Kitchin of
Sentinel Butte, and. WA. Andrews OF
Walhalla. w. r. Porter was elected
auditor.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-22
FLICKER TALES

Fargo-Edgar Potter, Fargo young
man. charged with sending obscene
matter through the United States,
mails waived examination and was
held to the Fargo term of federal
court, when arraigned before William
C. Green, United States commissioner
yesterday. Bail. fixed7at $500. was
furnished.
New Rockford-No clue has been
obtained which will lead to the arrest
Of the yeggs who early Friday morn
ing Of last week, entered the Great
Northern station at Bremen, IL miles
west of here, and escaped with $40
in currency. The men pried open a
rear window to effect their entrance
into the station. 4 f a
williston-The Williston Burns
club is planning to observe his ami
versary on January Is. John A. Simp-
son, the Ray Scotchman who delight
ed his audience last year. will dance
and play. A committee Of five is maxi
ing arrangements for the entertain
ment.
Dickinson-The marriage of Alfred
| White, mayor of Dickinson, and Mrs
Jessie Cartwright by the Rev. j. S.
Brayleld, at Jamestown, has been an
nounced. The couple have gone Ito
Los Angeles to spend the winter.
Mayor White is serving his second
term as chief executive. He has been
80 years and in the early days was a
passenger conductor on the Northern
Pacific. OF late yeras, he has been in
the banking business.
Bowman-The Columbia elevator
at Watauga, s. D., was destroyed by
fire, which is supposed to have been
contained 1000 bushels of grain. A
large amount of coal was also con
sumed.
casselton-Mr. and Mrs. william II
Strehlow of, Casselton, celebrated
their golden. wedding anniversary re
Gently with more than IS guests pres
ent. The couple were married fifty
years g at Watertown, N. D.. and
are among the pioneer residents OF
Cass county. Seven children and six
grand children greeted the aged cou-
pie at the celebration. 49,
Observation-Disclosures Edfast, deputy
|county treasurer for three years and
a resident here for 10 years. has SHE'D
his castor In the ring. and announces
sc y AS oiA1SS VI CouHty
treasurer. >-#
Jamestown-At. a meeting Of the
board Of directors of the Stutsmar
County Fair association, September n
and ~ were set as the tentative date.
for the holding of the annual fair
The fair associations deficit for las
year amounted to $3.50. a%sg
Garrison-Patrons Of the movie.
had left the hall scarcely aEhalf houl
before the building known as Dream.
land caught fire and burned, causins
a loss Of about $4,000. DreamlanG
hall was owned by G. e. Munro OF
Bismarck. It was one of the frs,
buildings to be erected in this village
A defective chimney was the cause o
the fire. n. :
Observation-Disclosures Of the fire..
quent designations of school teacher.
in different parts of Benson county
Peter Anderson, superintendent O,
county schools, has announced tina
action will be started to revoke tn,
certificates Of teachers who canno'
show valid reasons for resigning.-
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-22
Seventy Year Old
Austrian Found Dead

Williston. N. D.. Jan. 22.-John
DeVorak, an Austrian. 70 years old,
was found dead near Trenton, death
being due to exposure to h cold. He
was proving up on a homestead about
three miles from Trenton and vas re-
turning to his home when he became
lost in a snow storm. He was found
face down in a snowbank. In cross
ing the main channel of the Missouri
river the current which is strong
enough to prevent freezing of the
overflow. DeVorak became wet above
his knees and fell exhausted in the
snow.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-22

diate %patenting Of such homestead
lands The gravity Of the situation
seems not to be appreciated in the
state generally. The seed grain will
o permit aid to be extended to set
tiers on unpatented lands and the
state constitution would prohibit the
legislature from making an outright
grant OF money. 4 vi
THE great majority Of the farmers
needing help are those on unpatented
lands and it is to the federal govern
ment we must look for relief"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-22
LARGER SHOPS BEING.
PLANNED FOR MANDAN

Mandan. n. d., jan. 22.-Accord-
ing to the Engineering Record. one Of
the leading publications devoted to
building and engineering. contains in
the January issue a statement that
plans and specifications are being pre-
Mandan for the Northern Pacific rail-
road.
1t is not stated when these shops
will be built and it Is doubtful II any
thing will be done under the present
government control.