davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
SveÌŒt = World. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1911-1939, 1918-09-19

ktera Sc Fla konati v nedeli
%. zari, b1la odlozena ma po-
sledni ned1i, 20. zafi We 2 no.
din odpoledne slni osady P.
Marie Lourdske. Do teto scha
re 'necht laskave Sc dostavf ne
jen vsechny clenkyne, ale i "a
stupkyne vsech clevelandskych
odboGek.
M. ZEMAN, pfedsedkyns.
JOSEFA KUPEC, tajemnice.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
PHILADELPHIA QUIET AGAIN.
Tbree Killed and Scores Injured In
Clash Between Whites and Negroes

Philadelphia, July 29.-Wlth the
saloons in the affected area closed oy
order of the police and nearly 40o pa
trollmen on duty, comparative quiet
prevailed tonight in South Phliaoei-
phia where three persons have oeen
killed and scores injured since early
SUNDAY i'm race riots. The police were
augmented by four companies OF
home reserves.
The only disturbance tonlgnt oc-
CURED when negro shot white "o-
man in the arm, inflicting a sl1snt
wound. Immediately large crowo
of whites gathered and threatened
the negro with violence, but the po-
lice managed to get him safely to the
police station.
Sporadic outbreaks. in which one
negro was shot to death and others
badly beaten. occurred during the
day. a large number Of arrests were
made. The majority of the 4S pris-
oners arrested yesterday were held
in jail on charges of inciting to riot.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
lal ..||
SOLE t5BJEer OF RHEIsIS-S0Is;
S0NSs sKAHsEIiI no KEEL AS -
AfAN aSsPOSSIBEE.


hlEgton; q uly 81 1he sole OBJ
sIeck of the hes ana sserIna ans in the
sal lfisztssnaW to kill
z:anan men as POS March
of ;sed1ay At the semi.
:Seeklv e0nfsre newspa-s
Der sorrespond spalnfed out:
sxifa the been fiatsi
sttenaed hss1s yirtuaals dissipat any
s1Xppess the lilies may ha5e had OF
6aggsn naaosrs eneny5 NY
EIe said that The an German
{ ssrs srsf le 81 $ fourteen
rs annoaneed that the Rainbow
Divisioa paztielpateH ii the ghting
east of Fers en-Tardenois fhe
ragu1aI diyiisson was also nae
hon Seggy and esefges He an ~.
.sn0n1eed 9ornaation N the United
af SIX more disiiisiosls also the
scsonversion of dsteen National army
casvaaar reg;iinisents. into field artillery.
Cen March said he had hing to
4 sreyeaT the extent of The casual
ties iisainea by Americans IN the
scent HghEng He ssiid however
aershinz had peen ordered
fo esabse as soon as receiv---.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
UNCLE sam, TELEGRAPHER.
GOVERNMENT HAS TAKEN
CHARGE OF WIRES.
Postmaster General Burleson, Who
Will Supervise Systems, Issues
Statement.

Washington, July 31.-Control Of
telephone and telegraph lines was
taken over at midnight tonight by
the postofice department and their
operations placed under the general
supervision of a special committee
created for the purpose by Postmas-
ter General Burleson. Mr.. Burleson
announced that until further notice
the companies will continue opera
ton in the ordinary course through
the regular channels and that all Of
ficers and employees will continue in
the performance of their present du-
ties on the same terms OF employ
ment. The plan is, however, to CO.
ordinate the facilities Of the various
companies to the best interest OF the
public and the stockholders.
Investigations into wire conditions
being conducted by the special COM
mittee composed Of First Assistant
Postmaster General Kerns. David y:
Lewis, former member of the tariff
commission and William H. Lamar,
solicitor of the postoffice department,
will be continued so that all possible
information can be secured before
any changes are undertaken.
Pursuant to the proclamation OF
the president of the United States,
said Mr.. Burleson's statement. Il have
assumed possession, control and su-
pervision of the telegraph and tele-
phone systems of the United States
.ITntil further notice the telegraph
and telephone companies will continue
operation in the ordinary course OF
business through regular channels
Regular dividends heretofore declar-
ed and maturing interest on bonds
debentures and other obligations may
be paid in due course and the compa-
MES may renew or extend their ma
turing obligations unless otherwise or
dered by the postmaster general.
"All officers, operators and en-
ployees of the telegraph and telephone
companies will continue in the per-
Torrance of their present duties, re-
porting to the same officers as hereto.
I fore and in the same terms OF en-
ployment. Should any officer, oper'
ator or employee desire to leave the
service he should give notice as here
tofore to the proper officer.
'T earnestly request the loyal coop
Grafton OF all officers, operators ane
mployees and the public in order thai
i the service rendered shall be not onl,
maintained at a. high standard. bu
improved ahereTet posst
purpose to coordinate and unity tbes'
services so that they may be operated
as a national system with due regard
! to the interests Of the public and thu
owners of the properties.
mo changes will be made until at
| ter the most careful consideration O
al the facts When deemed advis
able to make changes announcement
will be made"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
LAND.sAILORs TO SEA.
Several Thousand Reservists Called
From Clerical Work to Active Ser
vice at Sea.

Washington, July 31.-In accord
ance with the prearranged plan for
the navy to take over control of all
shipping engaged in transporting
troops and war supplies. orders have
been issued by the navy department
calling several thousand reservists
into active duty. The number called,
it was stated officially today was linn
tied only by the available facilities for
handling them at the naval training
stations
After a few weeks intensive train
ing the men will be organized into
crews to replace the civilian sailors
now manning the troop and supply
ships, and for the vessels which are
constantly being turned over to the
navy under its own construction pro-
gram.
TO hasten the process heads of the
various departmental bureaus have
inaugurated a strict canvass of the
men on shore duty in their organiza-
tons to determine how many can be
spared for service with ships or
troops.
At marine corps headquarters or
ders have been issued to detach every
man whose place can be filled by a
woman. The men will be sent to one
of the corps stations for duty with d
unit
Similarly Rear Admiral MCGOWAN,
paymaster general Of the navy. has
started a campaign for reduction IN
the number Of petty officers, yeomen
and enlisted men who are filing cleri-
cal positions in the bureau office OF
supplies and accounts. The bureau OF
navigation under Rear Admiral Palm
er was the first to take this step as
result of which several hundred
men will be added to the force avail
able for service at sea.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
GERMAN GENERAL KILLED.
COMMANDER IN UKRAINE ASS
SASSINATED AT KIEVE.
Young Man Sent from Moscow by
Communist Committee for The Pnr-
pose Made Quick Work Of German
Tyrant. "a q ES0

Amsterdam, July s1.-Field Mar
shall Won Bichhorn, the German COM
mander in the Ukraine anG his ad-
jutant, Captain Won Dresster, oleo
last night from injuries received when
a bomb was thrown at their carriage
at Kieve Tuesday, says an Official an
nouncement from the Ukrainian cap
ital. The bomb was thrown from a
cab which drove close to their car
riage. The assassin and the cab drlv-
er were arrested. The telegram says
it has been established that the crime
originated with the Social revolutlon-
lists in Moscow.
The assassin was a lad only twenty
three years old. He declared at the
inquiry after the crime, adylces say,
that he came from the Province OF
Ryaban, adjacent to Moscow, on Or
ders from the communist commit
tee, to kill field marshall. He reachT
ed Kiev yesterday.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
Huns Fan into Trap and Are Wiped
Out. in Fierce Fight. !,

= q
With the American Army on the
Aisne- -Marne Front, July 81, 8 P. ".
(By the Associated Press).-Generaf
Degoutte, commanding the army on
this front, expressed to the; cores
pondents today his satisfaction at the
progress already made and the hope
that the advance would continue until
the Germans were forced beyond
their new positions.
It has been a keen satisfaction to
him, he said. to have American CO
operation in the battle and he was
frank in his praise Of the manner in
which the Americans were carrying
out their part Some of the officers
now in the line, he said, he met at
the time of the, Boxer uprising IN
China when he was captain.
The American forces now occupy
the hills beyond Seringes and SergE.
One of the fiercest encounters in the
present. offensive was brought about
by the Americans who occupied Ser
inges. During the night the Ameri-
cans pretended to withdraw from the
but others remained in the houses and
other points of vantage. The Germans
began pouring into the place, and the
Americans opened fire. Two enemy
companies were virtually annihilated.
The Americans used machine guns.
rifles and pistols and employed both
the bayonet and the rife butt with
great effectiveness. The fighting in
the streets was savage, but of COM
paratively brief duration. The Amer
leans awaited the coming of other
Germans, but they came not. So
French and American together NOV
ed beyond the village.
When the Germans learned that the
Americans in Seringes were winning
they used their artillery and there is
unquestionable evidence that numer-
Gus Germans were killed by German
shells.
Some prisoners itaken declared the
orders were that the Germans must
hold on at all costs Among the 'pris-
oners are men attached to the Fifth
foot Guards from Lorraine and others
who had been on leave in Germany,
who said that the German people
were thoroughly tired of the war and
did not care who governed. SO long
as the war came to an end.
The Germans now are using h1gn
explosive shells simultaneously with
gas shells. The high explosives are
designed to drown the pop" Of the
gas projectiles which the allies have
learned to distinguish from the 9TH
ers. The percentage of gas casualties
is small as a result of discovery Of
the German trick. because the allies
anticipate attacks with gas.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
DRIVING The huns.
aMERIeANs AND FRENCH START
NEW MOVEMENT AGAINST
GERMANS. -
AZ the Operation Succeeds Germans
VIII be Forced TO Retreat on Wide1
FroEt.

Paris Aug. American and
French troops have begr2 turning
rnoyeInent, which il successful, Will
compel German retirement overa
vide area east of Fere-en- -Tardenols:
they have attacked over q front off !;
miles on each side of the villa of
;NesIes. The greatest advance was
made toward the east where; AI11srS
leans pushed on some distance from
the town of sergy and approaehed
:shamsry. Is
The enemysis still holding strong
positions at Soncheres and ST GenaHe,
where his line is still less arrive sts
mites from the Marne, and the con;1I
stinaed advance Of the Allies between b wa
Nesles and Sierges will force him TO
;faH back to escape being cutsoffS from "a
the rear. j. -.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03


man public, profoundly deceived, ac-
cept the total failure of the ambitious
program which was destined to de-
velop into the investment Of Paris
and the ultimate crushing of the
military forces of the entente.
"Hindenburg,s defense renews the
promise of "a decisive blow against
the Anglo-French front. but the
pIlysiognomy which the struggle pre-
sents on the front between scissors
and Rheims and in the Champagne
in consequence of the German at
tacks and the Franco-British coun-
terattacks Gone must note here with
what care the American Intervention
is omitted) has led to the necessity
of postponfng for some time the de-
cisive blow.
with this end in view new bases
for subsequent operations, proceed
ings for deplacements and strategi-
cal regroupings have to be created
Whilst awaiting until preparations
for future operations can be com
pleted they have been forced to re-
tire in the northern direction Of the
Marne front
"'How far will this retirement be
carried out?' retreat of about a
dozen kilometres will perhaps be
sufficient It is not thought 'neces-
sary today that Hindenburg should
find himself under the obligation OF
withdrawing the front as far back as
the Vesle'
''The German interior front is i'm
plored not to renounce it's confidence
in our Hindenburg on account
that
"The tone Of this official note is
significant. The impression caused
in Germany by the defeat must must
have been very profound; their con-
fdence has been seriously shaken for
the high command to solicit, and
with a sort of humility that is scarce
ly habitual to it. fresh favors
The Badisch Landes Zeitung is
trying to persuade it's readers that
the German retreat was a part Of
Hindenburg's plan and that he is still
continuing to impose his will on
Germany's enemies. In the Frank
furter Zeitung Deputy Conrad Hauss-
mann states Won Kuehlmann is more
popular now than before his fall"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
AMERICAN CASUALTY LIST.
One Hundred and Twenty for Army
Nand Five for Marines.

Washington. Aug. Army casual
ties numbered one hundred and twen-
ty. Killed in action. p; died OF
wounds. 23: died of disease, II; died
Of accidents. 7; wounded severely, GIL:
wounded, 2; missing. 5; prisoners, i.
Lieut.. VIM. L. Leconte, Of Atlanta.
died Of wounds: Private Lee Bird, OF
NIattern, Ga. died Of disease. Lieut..
Frank 3. Sanders. Chesterfield. 5. e..
died of accident and other causes;
Lieut.. Albert G. Kennedy, Of Jones'
vile. S. =, Sergt John NJ. Theus. OF
REYNOLDS. Ga, wounded severely;
Lieut.. Edward O. Merritt. Of North
Augusta S. G. wounded.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
SHORT COTTON | | ! : ga9P. (!
ESTIsIATEs NEAK
~ ~ TWo MILLION LESS
THAN LAST MONTH. EVA
I,routh iii Texas and Boil yEeeyfl s
Southeast Responsible for TreneH
Z Ious slump In Prospective Crops.

Washington. Aus. r. a Gotten creg
OF thirteen mi ion SIX hundred t;ana
nineteen thousand: bales>was forgsasa
BY theSaspartynentS Sof agricult H
dag, basiHg ITS estimate on the conaaS5
tsons ssygps ons 3 uly 25tk Whassa
Was fssS gpaE cent Of normal
81 ThsaHsIrssa skewS:a loss Of oIaesIra5aas
Is Shlndred and six thousaAss
bales die q principally to drouthy egn;
ssditions ia stthhe western part 1of ls ssass
bel S - ssss
4 The acpnditton in South carola1s ll
yras IS S0 Georgia, "a Florida, 5
A Adecrease in the older Sea IsIaasii
sections OF Georgia and lcErts'
where the bol weeyi, is active, issass s|
noted. 5sss;sssssss ssss;
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
COTTON CROP CONDITION.
Droutil Injuries Crop in Texas But
Cotton Stood up Well In Rest OF
Belt - Deterioration 6.S Per Cent
During Month.

(Memphis\ Commercial-Appeal.)
The cotton crop deteriorated 6.S
during the condition period ended
July 25,, and that date stood at l9.o
per cent, as compared with normai.
according to figures compiled from
information sent in by Commercial"
Appeal correspondents.
This compares with a condition OF
s5.S, given by the government as OF
June %. 1t indicates a, yield, accord
ing to the government method OF COM
putation of 1870 pounds OF lint per
acre, against an indication OF approx
inately 200 pounds on June Is.
The average deterioration during
the July period for 10 years has been
2.S, the greatest deterioration 8.S, In
1916.
The lowest end-July condition re-
ported officially during the past 10
years was 70.3, in 1917, and the high,
est 89.1 in 1911. The 10-year aver!
age for July is ITO per cent.
Texas, according to Commercial Ap-s
peal figures, shows a loss of "A points;
in condition. Elsewhere the crop has
held up fairlyw well The 1e5yearsJ
S
She 1owessss 20
cent, which. was recorded last
Deterioration everywhere It hassocS
Cured in the west is attributable Ell
tirely to drouth and high tempera-
lures and to dry weather and cool
nights in the eastern belt
Bool weevil seems less numeroua
than a month ago, and has not bef
active.
Picking has become general in Tex3
as coast counties, and well into Cen-y
trail Texas Louisiana has g1nneoi
some new cotton.
Except where farmers are continu-
ing cultivation to preserve moisture
and to combat the boil weevil the crop
has been finished and has been laid
by with fields clear and well worked.
Labor with some difficulty has been
sufficient to meet the demand, but the
greatest need will not occur until
picking becomes general throughout
the belt.
Condition by States with govern
ment figures for last month, for com"
parison, was as follows:
"a
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
BANKS SUPPORT GOVERNMENT.
Last Offering of Certificates Over Sub
Scribed.

Washington. Aug. IA five hun
dred million block Of certificates Of
Indebtedness. subscriptions to which
closed ten days ago. was oversubscrib-
ed eighty-four million, seven hundred
and fifty thousand. making the total
certificates now outstanding, in antic-
ipation Of the Fourth Liberty Loan.
nearly two billion, two hundred mil
lion dollars.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
CHARLESTON WATER WORKS.
War Department Authorizes ExpendI-
turc of $3.50. 900 for Additions

Washington. Aug. 1.-The expendi-
ture of a quarter of million dollars
as its share for additions to the Char
lesion. S. c.. water works to meet the
increased army and navy demands
vas authorized by the war depart
nent today. The navy will author
iZe a similar amount.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
JUMPED FROM A1RPLANE.
French Aviator Makes Successful
Descent With Parachute.
.1-i.h American Army

With American Army in France,
Tuesday. July 30.-Captain Sarret,
French aviator. carried out the first
cxperiment on record Of falling from
. moving airplane with a parachute.
I!c dropped eight hundred yards with
an umbrella twelve yards in diameter,
and landed safely.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
AMERICAN CASUALTY LIST.
Thirty-six Killed in Battle and Forty
Died OF Wounds.

Washington, July 31.-Army cas-
ualties number one hundred and
ninety-four. Killed in action, SO;
died OF wounds. 40; died of disease, 6;
died Of accident, 6;,wounded severely,
81; wounded degree undetermined.
Is; missing in action, "a.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
GERMANS EXAGGERATE LOSS.
Wolff Bureau Sends Out Reports OF
Heavy American Casualties.

Amsterdam. Aug 1.-The semi-of-
fetal Wolff Bureau of Berlin con-
tinues to send out reports Of heavy
losses to the American forces in the
Marne fighting.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03

The office of the Supervisors OF
Registration for Sumter county VII
remain open until August 31st and
those who wish to qualify to vote in
the general election should apply for
a, certificate at the earliest possible
date.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03

Success Of Counter Revolution Causes
Panic Among Trotzky-Lenine Party

Amsterdam. Aug. 1.-The town of
kekaterinburg. in the province Of
Perm, near the Siberian border, has
been taken by the Czecho-Sl Slovaks
according to the Moscow newspaper
Izvestia. The Bolsheviki press is
raising cry of alarm. declaring that
the counter revolutionary movement
is spreading.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
INVESTIGATION AT SPARTAN
BURG.
Profiteering at Expense OF Soldiers
Results in Inquiry.

Spartanburg, July 31.-Army Off
GERS from Camp Wadsworth have
been directed to make investigation Of
the charge that soldiers have been
Disseminated against in the matter
Of prices in Spartanburg.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
Marines Lose Eighteen.

Washington, July 31.-The marine
corps casualties number eighteen.
Killed in action, 4; died Of wounds,
2; wounded severely, II. Private
Walter v. Norton, of Lake City, Fla,
was killed in action; Gunner Waiter
Cornell, of Eustis, Fla, died Of
wounds; Private James ]. Brown, Of
Jefferson, Ca. wounded severely.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
AMERICANS HOLD POSITIONS.
Allies Stem Violent Attacks in Marn
Salient

Paris, July 31.-The Americans
maintained their positions in the re-
gion of Seringes-e -Nesles, which they
carried after violent fighting. it is Off
ciaLy announced. The French held
their line intact against four German
attacks east of Oulchy lie Chateau.
There IS no change in the general sit
uation.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
h1ME;RICANs Push Ahead.

.Straighfen lime on NIarIae Front and md
Advance Beyond Sergys - =
with American Forces on the
sAisne-Marne Front, Aug sa3ss m. sIra.s
The Franco- mericans forces cnsta1e:
main battle front continued yestsrs
day the process of straig ightening their
line. They also advanced. the AneriS
q cans pushing beyond Sergy to With;
ins twn k5ionaefres Of Chamery. whgTg
aHentin Roosevelt reesnt
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
BILrl NOT SCARED.
Kaiser Resorts to Proclamation tG
Bolster up Army.

Amsterdam Aug. 1.-The coming
of the American armies to France and
the numerical superiority Of the al
lies; does not frighten Germany. de-
clared Emperor William in procla-
nation to tho German army and
navy.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
HOOVER VISITS FRANCE.

London. Aug. Herbert G. Hoov-
or. American food administration who
has Been in London for n fortnight.
left today for Paris.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
HUNS MAKE STAND.
Retreat Believed to Have Reached
f1ee, TGrnif.

the Limit.
5 Paris. July S9.-Thel ferceness of
the fighting on Monday is believed
here as a sign that the German re-
treat has reached its limit and that
the enemy will make stand with the,
right wing on the plateau south OF
crise river and the left on the hills
south of Ardre.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
Marines Lose Five.

Washington. Aug MARINE corps
casualties. ). Killed in action s.
wounded severe iy.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
FIGHTING ON FLANDERS FRONT.
German Artillery Was Active Last
Night Near MerriA

London. July 31.-The German ar
tillery was active last night in the re-
gion of Merris. on the Flanders front.
which was taken yesterday by the
Australians and in the KENNEL sec
tor, it was officially announced.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
FIGHIING ES IsIANDERs.
41sfrai ssId German Trenches
ana Eaptgre Prisoners

London German posi-
:tiions tie SIS region Of 1an-
uers front we're entered last night by
the took; 40 prison
srs, ii IS anno oanced The
sifernenys was active today
sinsoorthwest AIbgEt and betWeenIa-
sbasse Canal and pres:
AILIE: ADNAS uNeHEcKlED
Addttionaas s;Esssi ssainsa on Easter
IS ySlde IrosIt.
IsondoIis ssonae alvanees
have bsen ensccttedd f,s lies in g
the Arare along easteriy
sssie 6 village
FSsnch are hsfs north
onto The crest OF pieateau between
The vesle and Ourcq rivers.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
HONS RENEW AT'rACH

Infinor Action Southeast OF, Rheims
Allies Have Advantage:
Paris, Aug. THE Germans tins g
morning attacked French position. . =
thes region OF Bligny, southwest OF
Rheims. but the attack was rep used
It is officially announced. sSs 4,
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
GERMAN ARTILLERY ACTIVE.
Aaied Lines on Amiens and Flanders
~ Eranta Bombarde 3.

sS Landon, Aug Gernaan guns
sslpere active last night ins the sSomra9sess s
fesior, vicinity OF Villers-B Brettonetix:
and also farther north. near BucqHoy
and IN Flanders. 1t is OFFICIALLY stated
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-08-03
81 's|iAlIIIFs ADVAyGE uNcHEcKED.

onto fhe crest of a pieateau between
The vesle and Ourcq rivers.