davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Raymer enterprise., 1918-11-07
NOTICE ron PUBLICATION.
tPublisherD
department of the IaterIsr.

WpHrtWfnt OF tht futffTbf.
u. s. Land Office at Sterling. Colorado,
October 80. 1915.
Notice Is hereby given that Walter Taylor.
Of Ayalo. Colorado. who. on December .,
1915. made Homestead Entry Serial No. o2sT64
for Lots !, 2. 3, SEA NWA. MY SELL, SE4
SWA. SwA NEi,. Section -. township 10
North. Range Sc West. 9th Principal Meridian
has filed notice Of intention TO make Final
Three Year Proof. 10 establish claim TO the
land above described. before Register and
Receiver. United States Land Office. at stef-
ling. Colorado. the 10th day OF December
1918.
Claimant names as witnesses:
Silas r. kesler and Harvey Mayfeld. both
OF Sterling. Colorado. Joseph f. White and
Fred Monlus. both Of Ayalo. Colorado.
1881 ii-2s A. II. BROWNS, Register.
October 70, 1918.
The Raymer enterprise., 1918-11-07
Col0RAD0's EPIscoP'AlIAh
BISHOP ENDORSES WAR WORK
NEWLY APPOINTED eiShoP
WRITES LITTER TO PEOPLE
or STATE.

Bishop Irwin P. Johnson. who just
succeeded the lale Bishop Olmstsad
as head Of the Episcopalian Church Of
Colorado, in endorsing the drive Of the
United War Work Campaign says:
in providing our boys with the
comforts and moral surroundings. W.
are doing no more than We ought and
We are contributing something to the
morale and effsssAey Of our ARMY.
The various agencies that hage been
authorized by the govsrnmsut p
carry out this personal touch b
The Raymer enterprise., 1918-11-07
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION
(PUBLISHER)
nanapx~.aUt - tkas Iuk~~i~w

u. 8. Land Office At Sterling. Colorado.
October 5. 1918.
Notice Ia hereby. given that Henry l.. Robin
son. Of New Raymer. Colorado. who, on April
10. 1915. made Homestead Entry. Serial No.
02lss0 for Lot 1. Sec. 6. r. ION. X. 57-W. :;
SwA. NWAsEA. Section /. Township ION.
Range 6s-W., 9Th Principal Meridian, has filed
notice of intention to make Final Three Year
Proof. to establish claim to the land above
described. before Clyde l.. Stanley. United
RADIO. on the 18th day Of November. 1918.
Claimant names rs witnesses
Thomas T. Ewing. and Andrew d. Dendn-
ger. both Of New Raymer Colorado. and Roy
Philip, and John Kneebone. both of kalous.
Colorado 10-i7 fl-2i
AT. BROWNS. Register
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-06-24

was between 5000 AMI 5000 feet
While l was still looking at the in
struments, the Whole blamed works
disappeared. 4 hurst of bullets went
into the instrument hoard and blew
1t to smithereen>, another bullet went
through my upper liz, came out of the
roof of my mouth and lodged in my
throat, and the next thing knew was
when ] came IL In ii German hospital
the following morning at five O'Clock,
German time.
l was prisoner Of war.
ITO be continued tomorroWl
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-06-24
23rd. Judicial District Court
Parish of ST. May
Succesxion of
Vivian Chapman, Deceased
No $3.50

VIVIAN AndpTHdH, deceased
No. 36S9
BY virtue of the authority vested in
me, | will offer for sale at public
auctioon for cash to the highest bid
der at the front dow Of the Court
House, Franklin, Louisiana, St.
Mary Parish on.
SATURDAY JULY 9Th. 1913
the following described property to-
wit:
"That certain tract o. land, lyi, 2
and being situated in the tow Of
Berwick, Louisiana, and being nore
particularly described as io,. One
and Two Il and y Of Squar- Nula-
Der Fifty two (52), accor ling 70
Fields Map of said town So aid lots.
fronting Fifty 500 feet -'ch on
Fourth Street by dept of One
Hundred Twenty Five go feel;
being the same property acquired by
Vivian Chapman from ae Berwick
Lumber Company on Febl nary >.
1898, by act recorded m Conve Ianca
Book H. H., Page IT'S Of st. MarT
Parish"
Terms of this sale cash at rot less
than $3.50.
LIBBY RAYMOND CHAPMAN.
Tutrix
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-06-24

Mr. Avery Landry spent Saturday
and Sunday in St. Martinsville.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-06-24
CLERKS OFFICE,
St. Parish, Louisiana.

T. Wilbur H. Kramer, Clerk OF u,
23rd Judicial District Court, in ana
for the Parish Of St. Mary o'A'e a.,
Louisiana, and ex-Officio ke'o'a -.
thereof, do hereby certify thai va va
above and foregoing is true an ~
correct copy of the original, nv" az. =.
file and Of record in my office rev
orded in Book No. ] act Oh i"S % II
alton at page PSI Entry No. o.
date May 31st, 1918. M
In evidence whereof witness ~ ~
official signature and the 'mpl.'a IL,
t the sea-. Of my office, this sl't '''
of May A. D. 1918. ,.urR
(signed) WILBUR H: Ak na.ord.r.
Clerk and ex-ofdcio Sss'
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-06-24
"OUTWITT|NG
THE HUN"
LIEUTENANT
PAT O'BRIEN
CHAPTER III.
CAPTURED BY the Huns.


shall not O. forget the 18th OF
August. 1917. led two Huns IN
the doubtless. machine In the
morning, another IN the evening. and
then I was captured myself. l may
have spent more eventfU days In my
life, but l can't recall any just now.
That morning. in crossing the line
on early morning patrol. l noticed
two German balloons. I decided that
as soon as my patrol was over 1
would go off on my own hook and see
what a German balloon looked like
Mt close quarters.
These observation balloons are used
by both sides in conjunction with the
artillery. A man sits up in the bal
loon with a wireless apparatus and d.
reefs the firing of the guns. From his
point Of vantage he can follow the
work Of his own artillery with a re-
markable degree Of accuracy and at
the same time he can observe the enc
my's movements and report them.
The Germans are very good at this
work, and they use great number OF
these balloons. It was considered a
very important part Of our work to
keep them out Of the sky.
There are two ways Of going after q
balloon In q machine. One Of them Is
to cross the lines at a low altitude. fly.
ing SO tpear the ground that the man
with the antiaircraft gun cant bother
you. You fly along until you get to the
level Of the balloon and II. In the
meantime. they have not drawn the
balloon down. you open fire on It and
the bullets you use will set It on fire
II they land.
The other way Is to fly over where
you know the balloons to be, put your
machine In q spin so that they can't
hit you, get above them. spin over the
balloon and then open IRE. In going
back over the line you cross at few
hundred feet
This Is one Of the hardest jobs in
the service. There II less danger In
attacking an enemy's aircraft.
Nevertheless, / had made up my
mind to either get those balloons or
make them descend. and only hoped
that they would stay on the Job until
l had q chance at them.
When our two hours duty was up,
therefore. l dropped out Of the fOrma-
ton as we crossed the lines and turned
back again.
was at height Of 1900 feet. con-
siderably higher than the balloons.
Shutting my motor off. I dropped down
through the clouds, thinking to find
the balloons at about five or six miles
behind the German lines.
Just Is l came out of the cloud
banks saw below me. about thou
sand feet, a two-seater hostile ma
ckiaa doing artillery observation an!
Tire citing the German guns. This wa;
at point about four miles behind the
German lines.
Evidently the German artillery saw
me and put out ground signals to at
tract the Hun machines attention. for
saw the observer quit his work and
grab his gun, while their pilot stuck
the nose of his machine straight
down.
But they were too late to escape me.
I was diving toward them at a speed
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-06-24
He Was Overcome and Captured by
the Huns

second looked as if it hit his shoulder,
the third struck him in the neck, and
then let him have the whole works,
and he went down in a spinning nose
dive.
All this time the three other Hun
machines were shooting away at me.
l could hear the bullets striking my
machine one after another. I hadn't
the slightest idea that / could ever
beat off those three Huns, but there
was nothing for me to do but fight, and
my hands were full.
In fighting, your machine is drop
ping, dropping all the time. I glanced
ut my instruments, and my altitude
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-06-24

PERSONALS
Mr.. R. Russell of New Orleans is
visitor here.
Miss Anna Glynn spent the week
end Lockport.
Mrs. Dan Fleury was Sunday Wis
itor to Bonner.
Miss Blanche Jeansonne returned
from Marksville.
Mr.. Hobson Jeansonne spent Sun
day in Bonner.
Mrs. Addie Buniff of Glenwild is a
visitor here today.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Serville spent
Sunday in Houma.
Miss Annie Tellotte Of Amelia is
visitor here today.
Mrs E. Toups spent Sunday with
friends in Bonner.
NJ w RoEr of Qrc+op vu,s a
visitor here Saturday.
Mr.. Eugene Chaisson Of Patterson
was a visitor here Sunday.
Mr. Edward Boudreaux spent Sun
day with friends in Franklin.
Miss Inez Landry of Glenwild at
tended the dance here Friday.
Mr.. Avery Landry spent Saturday
and Sunday in St. Martinsville.
Mr.. H. Roes is spending few days
in Baton Rouge with his family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joe Evans are visit
ing relatives in Crystal Springs, Miss.
Mrs. N. Lacora and Miss Dony
Rosso have returned from New Or
leans.
Misses Adde Bourgeois and VERNE
Lee are guests of Miss Irene Jack
son.
Mrs. Oscar Alpha of Franklin was
the guest Sunday of Mr.. and Mrs. ]. |
Phillips.
Mrs. E. E. Mobrely Of New Orleans
was the weekend guest Of Mrs. M. P. |
Palmer.
John Drackett and son, Jack, have
returned from a visit to the North !!
ern States.
Miss Louise Bigler, accompanied |
by Miss Verna Strauss, spent Sunday |
in Franklin.
[
Mr.. M. E. Norman and daughter,
Miss Leah, were recent visitors to
New Orleans.
Mr.. H. L. Pugh, prominent attor-
ney of Thibodeaux, was in this city |
on business today.
Miss Evangeline Laneaux of New
Orleans is the guest of her mother, !!
Mrs. NJ. E. Laneaux.
Sargent Vernon Smylie of Hous-
ton was the guest for few days of
his mother, Mrs. j. Reisbol.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lazarde King and
family, accompanied by Miss Carrie
Reinauer Of New Iberia, motored
here Sunday and were the guests of
Mr.. L. Loeb.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-06-24

Mr.. and Mrs. Lazarde King and
family, accompanied by Miss Carrie
Reinauer Of New Iberia, motored
here Sunday and were the guests Of
Mr.. L. Loeb.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-06-24

Sargent Vernon Smylie Of Hous-
ton was the guest for few days of
his mother, Mrs. ]. Reisbol.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-06-24

Mr.. H. Roes is spending few days
in Baton Rouge with his family
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-06-24

{To be continued tomorrow
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-06-24

Mr.. and Mrs. Joe Evans are visit
ing relatives in Crystal Springs, Miss.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-06-24

Miss Evangeline Laneaux of New
Orleans is the guest of her mother,
Mrs. M. E. Laneaux.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24
INDIVIDUAL RESPONSE
BILITY.

T HIS war is to be won not
VI by one man or one thou
sand men or one million
men, or one million people. 1t
is to be won by the united eff
forts of the individuls of many
nations.
Every American citizen has
an individual duty to perform,
an individual share of the re-
sponsibility. The more power
full and effective the American
forces are the shorter will be
the war, and the shorter, the
war the fewer lives lost, the
greater the number of Amer
lean soldiers who will return
home victorious.
Every American who eeono-
mizes in consumption of ma
terial, who increases produc-
ton, who saves and lends saw
ings to the government, does
something to help win the war.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24
A CLEAN ARMY ALSO

m HE American army over
VI seas is not only a brave,
efficient army but it is
also a clean army when censid-
cred from the standpoint of
freedom from the one type of
disease the nation has need to
fear.
Measures taken by the Am
erican military authorities
against the spread Of venereal
diseases among the soldiers of
the Expeditionary Forces have
resulted in the lowest annual
rate per 1000 ever recorded
for American troops.
The latest report from over
seas June 13 gives the annual
rate for all overseas troops at
A7.8 per 1000. This means
that at the prestnt ratio less
than / man per 1000 contracts
Venereal diseases every week.
The best figures for the regu-
lar army in the United States
in peace time was in 1916,
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24

when the annual rate per l 900
was 91.23.
During a period of 80 weeks
the overseas forces had the low
est record, with the exception
of 2 weeks, of all American
armies. The record of the Ex-
peditionary Forces has been
well below the rs per /, 900 fig
ure as an annual rate. Even
this is actually less than 2 men
reported per 1000 each week.
Within the United States the
record is still better, the COM
parable figures showing an es-
timated annual rate of less
than 81 per 1000 as against
91.23 per 1000 prior to the
present war.
The condition of the army
with reference to this subject is
infinitely better than the con-
dition of the civilian popula-
tion. The facts as given under
authority should thoroughly
offset any enemy propaganda
spread to alarm those having
loved ones in the service.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24
% YEARS AGO

/ CFrom the East Oregonian, July "a
1S9O)
A stranger created a sensation by
lsauntering down Main street today at
tired in an overcoat, overshoes and
lscari and apparently bound for the
north pole. He was asked if such was
his destination by a reported and re-
piled:
NO. young man; I'm from Una
tilla, and have just prepared myself
against the difference in Temperature
of the two places" and he pulled up
his collar and shivered.
A constable from a country precinct
got on tear in Pendleton yesterday,
playful broke down a door at the
Germenia saloon and was compelled to
pay $50 for his fun.
Seven or eight Indians created a
sensation by chasing down Webb
street today with big drove Of ponies.
Wesley Matlock is back from Hepp-
ner.
The large yard of the Pendleton
LumberCompany is now ready for
business.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24
TAKES
OWN BROTHER AS
ENEMY PRISONER
tFRED FERGUsoN)

WITH THE AMERICANS AFIELD.
July 2s.-The engineers today jump
ed into the fighting at Vieray, south
OF Soissons, taking the town by storm.
All fighting was through wheat
fields, with packs thrown aside and
the men making old style bayonet
charges. An American unit charged
the hill repeatedly without success
Then finally swept over while the
Germans were crying "Kamerad-' A
German-American among the dough-
boys went forward to take charge OF
the prisoners and found one Of them
to be his own brother
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24
Daily Chats With
the Housewife

! 'sprightliness'' to the product, but
I the addition of a small proportion OF
I lemon, or of lemon juice, gives a de-
licious product. In the safe way,
strawberries and pineapple, peaches
and pineapples, rasberries and cur
rants etc, may be combined to ro-
duce excellent jams.
The amount of sugar employed for
jam making is largely a matter of
choice. With such materials as straw
berries, raspberries, ETC., about three
fourths as much sugar as berries is
usually employed. other fruits which
are rich in natural sugars require less
and others which contain less natural
sugar may require as much sugar as
fruit. Where no sugar ~ added. the
cooking win be prolonged in order to
give the required consistency.
Jams may be placed in ielil- glasses
or in pint jars. These containers
should be freshly steriIized and hot
when the hot jam is put into them.
If the Jelly glasses are used, fill to
within 1-2 inch of the top. put on the
cover. and set aside to cool. AS soon
as cool, remove the cover. pour hot
melted 'parafin over the surface of the
1aAAs anu ANRAeAe1 thAI NtfNAF - l7At-''-'
topped Jars are used, seal while hot.
and boil Cprocess) in the hot water
bath for 20 minutes for the pint size
Cool in a place protected from cold
drafts and store in a cool. dry. dark
place.
Berry Jam.
Pick over the berries 20 remove
stems leaves and decayed fruit. Rinse
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24
COMMUNICATIONS
TO Be UNDER D. S.
CONTROL ON JULY 81

WASHINGTON, July 2s.-Presi-
dent Wilson today signed an execu-
tive order placing tho nations com
munication lines under government
cotrol, July 331. Datid ]. Lewis will
be the director under Burleson.
BurIeson said the so-called farmer
telephone lines will not be molested
except to facilitate Connections with
longer lines. He said no general poll
cy will be decided upon until care
full survey is made. He viii consult
with the present heads of companies.
This probably means consolidating
duplicate telephone systems, using the
equipment thus eliminated for extends
ing telegraph lines. No mention of
cable seizure was made,
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24

These are the best forms in which
to utilize broken and crushed berries
and other fruits which have been in
iured in handling, or are too ripe for
jelly making or for preserving. They
are prepared by crushing the fruit.
adding sugar or not as desired. and
cooking until thick. Pastes differ
from jams only in their consistency,
the pastes being cooked longer and
consequently are more concentrated.
Berries of all kinds, peaches. pIums,
apples. in fact, almost any kind of
fruit may be used I'm this way. Jams
should not be confused with marma-
10 des, which can be made from those
fruits only which contain Dectin. Pee
tin IS not necessary for successful jam
making. nor is acid required. Com
binations of different fruits for jam
making are often employed. giving
variety to the products. and supply
ing desirable qualities which the in
dividual fruits do not possess. For
Instance. apple jam made from GER
tain varieties Of apples may not pos
sess sufficient acide 10 give "life'' OF
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24

carefully to remove dust or sand. and
weigh. Place in an enamel-wart
saucepan or preserving kettle and
crush. A smoother product will re.
suit if the berries are passed through
a colander or sieve. For each pound
of fruit add ga pound of sugar. Cook
until the jam is of the desired con.
sistency, stirring frequently to pre-
vent burning.
When sufficiently thick, place in
jars hot, and seal and store as direct
ed above.
Apple Jam.
Apples with tart flavor make the
best jam. Peel, quarter and core the
fruit. Weigh. Place In the preserv-
ing kettle and add sufficient water to
nearly cover the fruit. Cook until
soft, and for each pound of fresh fruit
add "a pound of sugar. The juice
and grated rind of two or three lem
ons or oranges for each 12 peck of
apples may be added If desired. Cook
until thick, stirring frequently to pre-
vent burning. Fill into hot freshly
sterilized jars, seal and store. as di-
rected above.
strawberry and Pineapple jam.
Hull and rinse the strawberries.
Fare the pineapple, cut into small
pieces, place in saucepan with just
enough water to prevent scOrching,
and cook until soft. Pass through a
colander or sieve. Crush the straw
berries. and add to the pineapple, us
ing at least as much of the crushed
Strawberries as pineapple. One-half
as much pineapple as strawberries
makes a good combination. For each
cup of material add 1-2 to 81 cup of
su gar. and cook until thick, stirring
frequently to prevent scorching. When
done. place at once into hot freshly
sterilized jars, seal and store as di-
rected above. Canned pineapple may
be used instead of the fresh.)
Pastcs.
Fruit pastes may be prepared from
The same materials as just given for
ams, using the same proportions.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24
THE AIRCRAFT COMING

TOHN d. RYAN, head of the
aircraft board, says that
the United States has
entered up the era of quantity
production and that before long
the output will be sufficient to
please our people and enough
to cause disnay in the ranks of
the enemy. He says the pride
in the American aircraft wirk
will be second only to our pride
in shipbuiIding.
The Ry forecast will come
true. The hation that makes
most.of the autos of the world
can make aircraft. This has
been a certainty all the time.
There were numerous initial
difficulties to overcome and de-
lays were to be expected. But
no well informed man has ever
doubted that when once we get
the stride we will be able to
outmanufacture the world in
aircraft. We can do this be-
cause we have the essential
supplies, the labor, the money
and the machinery for quanti-
ty production.
1t is also true that our air
craft when once in use in the
numbers required viii play
havoc with the Hun. The Am
erican airplane, plus the Am
erican army and artillery will
some day ride the Rhine at will |
and make the kaiser wish he
had never heard of such a thing
as war.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24

Cook as to thick a consistency as pos
sibie without scorching, and then
spread upon platters or creased paper
and dry In an open oven or fruit and
vegetable dryer until the paste can
be lifted in thin layer. store in
moisture-proof containers.
These pastes are sometimes made
from the fruit pulp left after the clear
juice has been extracted for jelly
making. The pulp should be put
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24

through sieve. combined pound for
pound with powdered sugar and weil
boiled down before drying.
Apples and also tomatoes may be
profitably handled by making them In
to pastes. No sugar need he used and
the paste may be used for making
pies. sauces. soups. etc, by merely
adding water sufficient to give the
original volume.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24

DANIELS ASSISTANT ACROSS.
WASHINGTON, July 22.-Assistant
Secretary OF the Navy Franklin
Roosevelt has arrived in Europe
aboard "A destroyer.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24
YPIsES.

; She was a CITY of patience; of
proud name
: Dimmed by neglecting time;
of beauty and loss;
= OF aeauiescence in the creep
ing moss,
But on a sudden fierce destruc-
= ton came
= Tigerishly ponncing. thuderbolt
and flame
Showered on her streets 10 shat
ter them and toss
? Her ancient towers in ashes.
= Riven across
, She rose, dead, into never dying
fame.
: White against heavens of storm,
a ghost, she is known
: To the worlds ends. The my
riads of the brave
= Sleep round her. Desolately
, slorified.
, She, moonlike. draws her own
, far-moving tide
: OF sorrow and memory; toward .
> her, each alone
Glide the dark dreams that
, seek an English grave.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24
ANOTHER ALLY ANNOUNCED.

WASHINGTON. July 23.-The Ie-
CATION announced today that Hon
duras declared war on Germany July
10.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24
suRscRlpTroN RATES
GIN ADVANCED

(IN ADvANCE)
Daily. one year. by mail .-...----...---s5.OU
Daily. six months by mail .-..------- $50
Daily. three months by mail .-.-.--- 1.2t
Daily, one month by mail ...-.-.-.----- 80
Daily. one year by carrier ...-..--...-- 7.5O
Daily. six months by carrier--...-..- s.75
Daily. three months by carrier. 1875
Daily. one month. by carrier ...---. SIS
Semi-weekly. one year. by mall 100
semi-weelSly. six months, by mail .75
Semi-weekly four months by mail 30
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24

JAMS AND PASTES SAVE
CRUSHED AND BROKEN FRUIT
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24

What she cant can she, dries +
What she can't dry she cans ;
What is left she brines or pickles =
And the rest goes into jams. +
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-07-24

dton to ward off attacks of more serious sickness
Prompt steps should be taken TO check coughing night
only for the sake Of the afflicted but for the comfort
and health of the other members of the family.