davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Devils Lake world and inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, N.D.) 1915-1920, 1918-09-04

y. !,
How q woman and baby accounted
for a U-boat is told by the correspon-
dent The submarine ordered a sves.
gel 70 surrender and hredsa fewsshells
into Il. The bouts theneleft the ship,
leaving N board woman who ran up
and down the deck with baby In her
arms, 10 II mad.
The U-boatr came .alongside the sves.,
eel and the woman hurled the .sbabys
into, the open hatch: The baby e1-
ploded and blew out the bottom q the
submarine. The woman" was deco
rated with the Wctortascrosk. lg
The; correspondent says that the first
mention Of a=mystery ship was IN tho
case Of the Baralong, which-on August
10. 1915, sank asU-boat aftefstthe to-.
pedoing Of the British liner Arabic.
It. will be remembered, he says, that
tho German government protestedgt that
there was nothing to indicate the Bara-.
longs warlike character. The Bara.
long case was probably not the Arst,
In which'a rus was used, and since
then the Disgusting of a~rmedsvessels as
innocent merchantmen for dealing with
submarines has attained considerable
dimensions. 81
"Howls and moans." adds the naval
correspondent, went up. In Germany
about the treachery Of British seamen,
but the German allegationsscuriously
ceased. at the beginning Of 1915. These
allegations afforded a typical, example
Of German mentality, for the9ignored
the fact that in every Cause.-The U-boat
was an actual Of potential assailant
and any ruse Of war is~cousidered legit-
innate by them except when.smployed
against Germany"
II, should not be forgotten, he con-
tinues, that the Germans designed
mystery ships for commerce destruc-
ton. The British commanders showed
much ingenuity in devising plans for
trapping submarines.
Haystaek 10 Floating Fort
In addition to the "woman and baby
case, the correspondent mentionss the
story Of a retired admiral, serving az
q captain, who placed a haystack on
board an ancientlooking craft. When
the U.boat ordered her to surrender
the Germans were astonished to re-
ceive q broadside from the haystack..
On another occasion a sea-worn
tramp steamer was crossing the North
sea when a submarine ordered the
crew to abandon ship. SO sure was
the German Of hts prey that the bombs
with which he intended to sink the yes.
sci were brought on deck around the
coming tower.
The commander Of the tramp steam.
er by careful maneuvering brought the
submarine within range Of his conceal
ed armament so that it required only
a shell or two to explode the bombs
and blow the U-boat out Of the water.
Capt. Gordon o. L. Campbell, then
q commander, was decorated with the
Victoria cross and the D. 8. o. in 1915,
being the first to receive these orders
without the nature Of his heroic deed
being made public. It was announced
early In 1917 that the reason for his
decorations would be made public at.
ter the war. He was given special pro
motion over the heads Of about 700 otfi-
GERS, and current rumor in London In
July, 1917, ascribed his rapid rise to
work against the submarine. Captain
Campbell gained the military cross for
bravery in handling a tank when that
weapon was first used by the British
In the summer Of 1915.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-03-14
Saving Soft Corn

Sorting all the corn now stored on
the farm and putting ventilators In
the cribs will help save the soft corn
when warm weather comes. says the
United States department Of agricul-
ture. While corn at the top, bottom
or sides of the cribs may be in fair
shape, the corn in the middle OF the
cribs may be heating badly and spoil
ing Examine the corn in the cenler
of the cribs and take out all cob rotten
and spelling ears cautions the depart
ment, for if they are left in the crib.
they will rapidly damage the good ears
around them.
ventilators should be put in before
refilling the cribs, unless they have
already been provided Improvised
ventilators can be made OF planks or
rails held apart with Stats. or they
can be constructed in some other suit
able manner, and should run complete
ly through the cribs from the outside
so that the air can circulate as freely
as possible through the corn. Air
spaces every four feet throughout the
crib are recommended.
The department of agriculture Is
making a survey of soft corn in the
country elevators to assist the rail-
roads in placing cars where they are
needed to move the corn to CONSUMING
and drying points in order to save It.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-03-14
Selecting a Breed

In the farmers bulletin 1893, Mr.. H.
T. Davis gives an interesting discus
sion of the origin and characteristics
of the various dairy breeds. He enumer-
ates the factors which should be con-
sidered in the selection of a breed and
gives special emphasis to the impor-
lance of keeping the breed of cattle
which is most common in the commu-
nifty
We quote from Mr.. Davis as follows:
Very often the benefits of corpora
tive effort are lost through the exer-
else OF an Unborn spirit of Independence
Consequently 1t frequently happens that
in the selection Of breed no consid-
GRAFTON is given to the fact that a breed
already may be established in the To-
cality. The predomnance of certain
breed in community offers many adj
vantages. A market is established which,
because of the availability OF large num-
bers of animals, attracts buyers from
distance, especially those who buy
large consignments Under such circum-
stances all surplus stock may be dis
posed of to better advantage and CO.
operative advertising also may be used
effectively. In addition, bulls may be
bought comparatively or exchanged with
facility, thus very materially reducing
the cost of service in the herd
ANY necessary additions to the herd
can be obtained, without expense for
travel from neighbors herds with whose
history the buyer in thoroughly familiar.
These advantages apply not only to the
breeder of pure-bred cattle, but also to
the owner of grades"
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-03-14
Dogs in the War

Some of these war dogs have been so
trained that in traversing a field after
a battle they wholly ignore dead SOL
der, but bark loudly when they dis
cover one wounded, returning to their
kennels for assistance and leading the
way back to the injured man. Surgeons
and stretcher bearers follow them back.
To mount guard in a trench at listening
posts for long hours at a stretch, ignor-
ing danger, alert every moment-this is
what many dogs are doing for the mr.
mics they serve. Some dogs have saved
whole companies, especially in fogs. re-
vealing by their growing the nearness
of the enemy. Perhaps when the war is
over and those who do not now appre-
ciate the value Of the dog have learned
the part these faithful animals have
played, there will be less demand for
the determination of the dog. Let us
not forget the Red Cross dogs and the
wonderful work they are doing rescuing
the wounded and dying soldiers upon the
battle fields. When the battle is over
the Red Cross dogs scour the field.
bringing back in their mouths a cap. a
musket or any article of the wounded
mans uniform that they can find on MIN
or detach from him. Many thousands of
soldiers owe their lives to these brave
dogs.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-03-14
Legumes Good for Cows

Selective Improvement of dairy cows
has proceeded unevenly, as to the sew
eral functions involved, so these ami
monty draw upon their bones for great
er amounts of the constituent minerals
than they are able to assimilate from
their ration, even though they store pro-
tein and gain in weight Cows in three
experiments conducted at the Ohio sta
ton almost invariably gave off more
calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, in
milk and excreta, than were consumed in
the feed. 1t was impossible by any
means employed to prevent entirely this
loss of minerals.
These facts are considered to be prac-
tically significant in relation to the fire.
quent failure of heavy milking cows to
breed, to shrinkage in milk flow as
lactation advances and to malnutrition
of the bones. Even when the common
farm rations were supplemented with
readily soluble calcium salts and prep
arations, as calcium lactate, calcium
chloride and bone flour, the cows still
gave off more lime than they assim-
Hated from their rations.
Leguminous roughages will aid in sup
plying minerals necessary for maintain
ing the DCdy stores. Inc following are
SUGGESTIONS Grow leguminous roughage
making as liberal use as is profitable
of fertilizers containing calcium and
phosphorus Consider with care your
meadows and pastures. If the soil is
not rich. the mineral nutrients in pas
ture grass may be doubled by fertiliza-
ton Grow cattle on leguminous rough
age or on pastures containing an abund-
ance of legumes; and allow them to
exercise, as much as they incline to
take. Malnutrition of the bones of calves
is often due half to character of feed
and half to confinement Give the COW
a chance to refund mineral overdrafts
by continuing the liberal feeding of le-
guminous roughage during the latter
part of the period Of lactation, and dur
ing the dry period, before the birth of
the next calf.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-03-14

being sent to the market The dimin-
lshed supply and the heavy demand for
breeding sheep may account for the
smaller number of these being sent to
the yards during the past year. The
increase of sheep marketed in December,
1917, over December 1916, may be ac-
counted for by the fact that there was
sufficient feed on the western ranges
last year to feed the sheep profitably
till December, after which time they
were sent to the market, while in 1916
they were held over. In 1916, however,
the sheep men ran short of feed and
so did not run the same risk this win
ter. AS a result much of the stock was
sent to the yards in an unfinished con-
dition from where 1t was taken as stock
ers and feeders to be fattened on range
and farm farther east.
The shipment from stockyards of live
stock known as "stockers and feeders
increased during 1917 over shipments in
1916. This was true of hogs sheep and
cattle and indicates that much of this
stock was sent to the yards in an I'M
finished condition during the past year,
possibly due to the scarcity of feed in
some localities, while people in other
localities found that they could make
a profit from this stock by giving them
a better finish.
In the As cities in which observations
were made on the sale of horses and
mules. there was a decrease OF 81, 40
head from 1916, which may indicate that
the supply of draft animals has also felt
the drain.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-03-14
Testing Finds Best Cows
by j. S. BROOKS

In our cow-testing association for
recent month six herds made an average
of above 500 pounds milk per COW. In
five herds an average OF more than 20
pounds butter fat per COW was made.
Individual records show that is cows
produced over IS pounds fat each, that
"a cows produced between 25 and IS
pounds each, that 161 cows produced be-
tween 10 and rs pounds each, and that
ISL cows produced each less than Is
pounds butter fat
One of the leading features at our last
county fair was an exhibit showing the
work of the test association. Two cows
furnished by Peck Brothers were ex-
hibited. Beside each COW was a stack of
butter cartons representing the produce
ton of the COW for the preceding four
months. One COW had 120 one-pound car
tons to her credit and the other 70.
The cows were very much alike as to
type, size and markings, were about the
same age, had been in milk about the
same length of time and there was moth
ing in their appearance to indicate that
one COW was more valuable than the
other. Each gave about the same guam
tity of milk Before the test began the
owners had been thinking of selling the
high producing SOW and had considered
the low producer the best in the herd.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-03-14
GET A FEW SHEEP AND START

NAV be a. disadvantage. In many sec
tions crops suitable for sheep are pro-
duced. The bulk of such crops goes to
market while the fertilizer bill for the
farm grows larger each year. The con-
dtion of the land frequently precludes
uniform success with corn, and this dis
courages an attempt at dairying even II
the market for dairy products is close at
hand. Root crops can always be grown
at least in a limited way, and are rel
ished by sheep.
To provide for sheep the cash crops
need not necessarily be altered in the
general plan, but slight readjustment
of forage crops may be made to supple
ment the ration of the sheep and yet not
interfere with the rotation of crops.
Waste hillsides may thus be utilized,
coarse roughages profitably consumed,
and valuable manure obtained for fields
that are in gerat need of it. In this
way the labor income should be main
tained or possibly increased with less
actual labor and with an increase in soil
fertility. These statements assume
reasonable allowance of intelligent care
and flock management that will keep 1t
free from disease.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-03-14
The Boiling Farms
By JOHN C. MOSES

Just now when the subject of farming
and farm lands is occupying SO impor-
tant place In the public mind, | was
especially interested a few days ago
when l stopped over on my way back
from Mississippi, to find a place WITHIN
the bounds of our own state that can
lay claim to several unique features IN
regard to plans of development. | found
this at Boiling, where was the guest
of Mr.. and Mrs. S. E. Washburn.
First, the school is the pride OF the
community Built on approved plans
the building is little gem. two-room
school thoroughly equipped with every
modern appliance, really it is perfect in
detail Adequate grounds furnished with
playground apparatus, is it any wonder
that the patrons are proud and the chill
dren happy?
Next 1 was pleasantly surprised by be-
ing whisked around over these farms IN
an automobile. Fine graded roads toi-
lowing section lines intersect the Varl-
Gus units so that we could visit eacn
point of interest with comfort and dis
patch We traversed some Is or IL miles
of this road, which had been built by
Mr. Washburn, and at intervals along
this road we found peach and pecan or
chards in various stages of development.
The plan seems to be pecans Ilrst
peaches as a filler crop to be bringing
in revenue until the pecans come into
bearing, and between the peaches legu-
minous crops are growing to build up the
soil and at the same time to furnish
grazing for a large number of hogs. This
seems to me a great system, one that
will effectual1y beat the Kaiser.
Many cattle and hogs are raised there
and although Butler county has not yet
voted the tick law, Mr.. Washburn has
had a dipping vat of his own (and one
of the best in the state), which he has
been using for three years He is going
In for hogs on an extensive scale. which
calls for hog houses, hog watts, rotation
of pastures etc.
was interested to find that one of
our local commission men has large
strawberry farm at Boiling from which
he has been getting handsome revenue
for several years. also found that sew.
eral of the more prominent agriculturists
in the state had bought farms at Boil
ing and were developing them with
peaches and pecans. And right here let
me say that have never seen anything
more beautiful than these various peach
orchards in bloom, a great sea of vivid
pink blossoms. 1t brought to my mind
Martins poem Of the English apple
Orchard in the Spring" and If anything
this was more beautiful on account of
it's wonderful coloring.
Plans are being perfected for a large
canning plant to take care of the peach
crops, and any other fruit or vegetable
surplus there may be-
Boiling is now one of the most attrac-
tive little towns along the main line of
the Louisville and Nashville railroad,
with beautiful shade trees and spacious
lawns. and with the completion of the
present plans. predict that it will be
one of the most beautiful and progress
sive towns of the state
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-03-14
Hay, Forage, Pastures

Wherever feasible the area devoted to
hay, forage and silage crops should be
increased and these products should be
used to a greater extent in place OF
grains and other concentrates
1t is especially recommended that the
acreage of alfalfa, clover, cowpeas, soy
beans, velvet beans, and other legumin-
GUS forage plants be maintained or in
creased Particular attention is called to
the fact that corn stover cut at the
proper time, properly protected against
the weather, and judiciously fed, is fully
equal to timothy hay in feeding value.
In view of this fact, increased acreages
of corn should be cut for fodder in To-
calities where there is posslplllty OF
utilizing the slower.
With view to increasing their yield
of forage, special attention should be
given to pastures. The weeds should be
kept cut, the pastures should be used
only at the proper time and they should
be seeded in thin places, etc.
Large additions can be made to the
feed available on the farm by sowing In
corn, at the time of the last cultiva-
ton, such forage crops as rape, soy
beans. and, in the south, by planting in
the corn at the proper time, peanuts,
velvet beans, and the like
In localities where straw must pe
shipped to be used advantageously 1t Is
advisable to bale the straw Immediately
after threshing. This prevents waste and
preserves whatever feeding value the
straw may possess
In increasing the area Of grain and
intertilled crops, care should be taken
not to decrease hay and pasture areas
below the amount needed for the live
stock to be kept on the farm.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-03-14
CHOOSING A GOOD BROOD SOW

tiers cannot always be profitable, since
it is impossible that so many as, say,
16 or II, or even more. young pigs can
be well reared and profitably sold.
Apart from pedigree, any sow is to
be depended upon if she exhibits the
following characteristics: Great length
of body with a good depth from the
back to the base of the stomach, great
width of loin and back, and plenty of
room through the body where the
heart and lungs are situated. heart
that is set in a contracted space has
its action hindered to very great ex-
tent, and the natural consequence, in
the case of a SOW that is narrow. and
contracted through the body, where
the heart and lungs are situated, is
that she will not flourish. Most pig
farmers prefer to select young brood
SOW, from the early spring filters, for
by so doing she can be bred very late
in the autumn or the early part of the
winter, so as to farrow his pigs in the
spring. A good SOW must always be
roomy If she is to nourish and farrow
a good litter of pigs, and often some
what ugly but long-bodied animal is
to be preferred in this respect to one
with more chubby and pleasing APP
pearanCe
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-03-14
LIVE STOCK INCREASE IN 1917

The monthly reports of live stock at
stockyards. which are issued by the bu-
reau of markets of the United States
department of agriculture, show some in
teresting things in regard to the live
stock situation.
were made on cattle hogs and sheep,
there was an increase of 4,657,153 head in
the receipts in cattle in 1917 over the
year 1916. Hog receipts, on the other
hand, declined 1879, 435, and sheep showed
a falling off of 1,762,247 head. Comparing
receipts during the months of December
of both years, we find that the receipts
Of cattle and sheep were larger during
December, 1917, but that those of hogs
were much smaller.
These f1gures-when used in conjunc-
tion with our general knowledge of the
meat and feed Observation-Disclosures that
the high cost of feed and the high prices
which live stock is bringing for killing
purposes, may be causing farmers to
dispose of their cattle beyond the point
Of discretion and even to sell off a good
share of their breeding stock. They evil
IDENTIFY prefer not to risk keeping the
stock at loss even though the breed
ing stock may be producers of high
priced animals for sometime in the fu-
ture.
HOGS FALL OFF
The depletion of the hog supply and
abundance of soft corn in the country
this year may offer an explanation for
the falling off of the number of hogs
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-03-14
Market Gardeners Origin

The term market gardener was orig
inally Marsh gardener" according to
John Evelyns English translation,
1898. or De La Quintinynes "Compleat
Gard ner," which was dedicated by the
publishers. Matthew Gillyflower and
James Partridge, to Lord Capell of
Tewksbury.
Having described the first class of
gardeners in the worlds history, those
which produced only what was re-
quired to maintain life, second class
arose as development progressed, and
there were flower gardeners or florists.
The third class, which Is of those
which NEEDLE neither with fruits nor
flowers, but only with kitchin plants
whose original might come from some
of our first gard 'ners. who, being seated
near some very populus cities. thought
good to plant some particular gardens OF
herbs, in hopes they might make con-
siderable gain of them In the publick
markets, and because grounds that were
little flat and moist seemed to them
most proper. as well as for the manag-
ing the culture. as promoting the album
dance, and bigness. and height of every
plant, they chose low places to make
those kinds of gardens in; nay, and per-
haps such places had been formerly
perfect tennis or marshes. which were
afterward drained and laid dry, SO that
in vulgar speech, those sorts Of gard
ners were termed marsh gardeners which
was as much as to say, gardeners Of
dried marshes or fenns. And the vent
of those herbs. proving by the success so
profitable. to those that made it, stirred
up mems industry to multiply that sort
OF gardens. even in very dry and sandy
places, and to supply with their FREE
quent waterings, and Improvements with
plenty Of dung. the defects OF goodness
in the ground New York Sun.
The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950, 1918-03-14

The seed trade has voluntarily agreed
to label all field seeds with the per-
centage of pure seed that will grow, CIV
ing the purchaser exact information as
to quality. The United States depart
ment of agriculture urges all farmers
to buy their seeds only from dealers
who comply with this agreement and not
to run the risk of buying high priced,
unlabeled seed that will not give a stand
in the field
Get your seed early and make a germ
ination test of it before sowing. Count
out 100 seeds; put them between folds of
moist paper or cloth between two dinner
plates and keep at room temperature
for fou rdays; then count the sprouted
seeds. If So seeds sprout the seed is
good, If only small part of them sprout
the seed is either poor or the test was
not properly made. If in doubt as to
the value of the seed send sample to
your state agricultural eexeperiment sta
ton or to the seed laboratory, United
States department of agriculture, Wash
ington. D. c., with the request that it
be- tested for quality, including per-
centage of purity and termination.
Don't take any chances with the quality
of the red clover seed you sow this
spring.
Never before has the price of red Glow
er been so high as it is at the present
time, and never has the quantity of seed
on hand been SO small in proportion to
the acreage to be seeded.
In years when the demand for any
kind of seed exceeds the supply, all
available seed is put on the market and
much OF the seed is of poorer quality
than in normal years Therefore, every
farmer before sowing should know what
proportion of the seed he buys cannot
be expected to grow. If one lot contains
SO per cent of seed that will grow and
another lot contains Ga per cent of seed
that will grow it will take three bushels
of the GA per cent seed to SOW the same
number of acres that two bushels OF the
90 per cent seed will SOW.
This is important from the standpoint
of cost alone when red clover seed Is
selling for $40 or more per bushel 1t is
much more necessary, however, to know