davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-08-15
Ger,nany's Papers
Do Their Best to ?
Cheer Up People

AMSTERDAM, Aug. 14.-While Tues
days Berlin newspapers regard the
Anglo-French main thrust as parried
and at all events stopped by the ex-
haustion cf the attacking troops, the
journals in the Rhine country discuss
the situation in a much graver tone.
"Foch and Haig probably will con-
tinue attacking On the Somme, bu. they
will never achieve more than spasmodic
victories, which will assist in the at
triton Of their own forces" says Baron
Won der Osten, the military critic of the
Observation-Disclosures Zeitung," Of
Essen.
Elsewhere the newspaper deems it
necessary editorially to brace up the
nerves of the people Of the Rhenish
provinces, which seem to be badly
shaken. The Cologne "Volks-Zeitung''
appears to interpret popular apprehen-
sions when it speaks of "another i'm
pending ruthless Anglo-French attempt
to break through the German north
western 'front.'" and says that Germany
follows the terrible struggle with bated
breath.
In the next column it inveighs
against defeatism which is "rearing its
head in Cologne, Dusseldorf and else
where, even in Essen, where the people
may be heard grumblirg: Another de-
feat for US; we shall lose the war. We
have nothing to eat, no clothes, no
shoes. We shall starve and be utterly
ruined"
AS cure for this state of mind the
"Volks-Zeitung" administers an anti
dote in the shape of an article about
the enemy wanting to murder, rob and
enslave German men, women and chill
tiren."
The "Weser Zeitung," of Bremen,
with ill concealed pessimism, regret
fully admits in Tuesdays issue that the
once derided American army is giving
much more trouble than was antici-
pated, while the "Frankfurtcr Zcitunp"
pathctically pleads with the Official
press bureau 10 tell the whole truth
"as faI as possible"
New-York tribune., 1918-08-15
Attack by Austrians
In Albania Repulsed

PARIS. Aug. IA heavy Austrian
attack in Albania has been beaten off.
1t was officially announced tonight.
The statement says:
Army Of the East-There has been
moderate artillery activity along the
Struma and Vardar rivers. 1t was
more spirited on the Cerna Bend and
north OF Monastir.
"ln Albania the enemy attacked.
after bombardments lasting several
hours. our positions in the region of
Gere-Porocani. He was repulsed COM
pletely by our fire and our frontal
attack"
New-York tribune., 1918-08-15
Clear Skies Enable Filters
To WGfch Moues Of Ener,7,

' BRITISH HEADQUARTERS IN
FRANCE, Aug. 1d.-Glorious weather
continues on the Picard battlefront,
enabling the arplancs easily to OBJ
serve the enemy's movements. The
Allies thus know exactly whence he is
bringing his reinforcements and guns
and where he is concentrating them.
Raids on the northern front are
probably intended to remind the Brit
ish of the possibility of q German
offensive elsewherc
New-York tribune., 1918-08-15
Australian, Gains
Glue British Control
OF River Near BRAY
(8v The Associated Press)

WITH THE BRITISH ARMY IN
FRANCE, Aug. 14.-All hostile posi-
tions between the western outskirts of
Bray and Etinehem have fallen into
the hands of the Australians, thus
placing the river banks southwest Of
Bray under the control Of the British
The Australians also. have cleared the
enemy from Cateaux Wood
New-York tribune., 1918-08-15
Lloyd George Thanks
Gen. Haig for Victory

LONDON, Aug. IL. - Premie,
Darid Lloyd George has, ~, The
name Of the British nation, sent t.
Field Marshal Haig the following
message:
"The imperial War Cabinet wishes
to convey to you and the officers,
commissioned officers and men
of your command warmest congratu-
lations on the triumph achieved by
the Allied armies in the Third Battle
of the Somme. The British Empire
sends heartfelt thanks to you and
your most gallant troops"
New-York tribune., 1918-08-15
British War Hero
Among Four Fliers
Killed in Accidents

CINCINNATI, Ohio, Aug. 14.-What
promised to be gala day for a number
of American aviators from the aviation
field at Dayton, headed by Major Claud
X Rhinehardt, who had flown from
Mineola, N. Y, and British planes led
by Brigadier General Charles F. Lee,
coming from indianapolis, ended in
gloom late this afternoon when Cap
tam James tltzmorris, of the British
Royal Flying Corps was killed lust
west of Cincinnati.
Captain Fitzmorris, with the other
aviators, had landed at the Western
Hills Country Club. and upon rising
to complete the trip to Cincinnati his
engine suddenly stopped dead and the
plane plunged to the ground, killing
Fitzmorris Instantly
Earlier in the day two OF the planes
which started from Dayton were forced
to descend near Mddetown and both
machines TUNED over. lieutenant
Earl Carroll pilot, was slightly hurt,
but continued on 10 Cincinnati in an
other machine
Brigadier General Lee announced
that Captain Fitzmorrs, of his own
knowledge, had a total of twenty nine
German acroplanes to his credit Dur
ing tne three years or service or the
front, Captain Fitzmorris was decor
ated with the Cross of the Belgian
Legion Of Honor and the Military
Cross, with enc bar added in honor of
additional heroic services performed
after receiving the cross.
RANTOUL, Ill.,, Aug. 14.-Lieutenant
). W. Johnson, an instructor in the
Aviation Corps, stationed at Chanute
Aviation Field, was killed to-day, when
his plane fell about 1 900 feet at Gif
ford, six miles east of here Another
aviator in the plane was only slightly
hurt: Lieutenant johnson lived at
Trafford, Ala.
FORT WORTH, Tex, Aug. 14.-Cadet
William r. Turnstall, of Brook6eld.
Mass, was killed to-day, when his air
plane collided with another machine
several thousand feet in the air. The
second machine landed safely and its
cadet occupant escaped unhurt
PENSACOLA, Aug 14.-Joscph J.
Fenton, of Bellows Falls, VI, a student
aviator at the Pensacola station, was
killed late Tuesday night when his sea
plane fell into Pensacola Bay, it was
announced to-day. Fcnton held the
rank of chief quartermastcr.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-15
Germans Conscripting
Russians Into Armv

LONDON, Aug. IA dispatch to
lhe Dally Maii' from Vladvostok
rcacy are conscrpting Russians on a
small scale
"According to stories of prisoners
taken by the Czecho- Slovaks," saws the
dispatch, German flying columns are
impressing males from eighteen TO
forty tivc years Of age, and are bring
ing those VINO disobey the mobiliza-
ton order before Germanizcd revoIu-
ti"nary tribunals, which condemn them
20 death.
"Ihese conscrlDtcd units have Ger
man compahy ard platoon commanders
'nd arc st'ftcncd by twenty Germans
or M"1yars to every sky Russians"
New-York tribune., 1918-08-15

raids on the railroad yards at Con-
fans, Longuyon and Dommary- Baron
court General Pershirg reported in
his communicate for yesterday, which
was made public tonight by the War
Department. The text of the statement
follows:
Section A.Asidc from the inter
mittant artillery activity, there is
nothing to report from sectors occu-
pied by our troops
"On August II and - our avi
ators successfully bombed railroad
yards ut Longuyon, Dommary- Baron
court and Conhans. All our machines
returned"
New-York tribune., 1918-08-15
GERMAN

BERLIN (DAY. There have been
tween the User and the Scarpe.
South of Merris and south of the
Lys enemy thrusts broke down
There has been partial fighting on
both sides OF the Somme and north
Of the Avre. West and southwest of
Lassigny the enemy again attacked
on both sides of Canny. The attacks
broke down under our fire. Further
south we repulsed an attack by
counter attack.
There has been minor infantry
fighting on the Vesle and east of
Rheims.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-15
Italians Capture
Two Peaks and Spur -;
Take 100 Prisoners

KoME, Aug. ia Italian forces have
occupied Monte Mantcllo, punta di
Matteo and the spur southeast Of Gina
Zigolon. north Of ths-Adamello reeion.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-15

Were copiously bombarded. Violent
fires broke out at Ham and Noyon,
which received as their share fifteen
tons of explosives"
New-York tribune., 1918-08-15

according to an official statement issued
by the War Office
They have taken 100 prisoners.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-15
FRENCH

PARIS (NIGHD During the day
our troops, continuing their progress
between the Matz and the Disc, took
Ribecourt.
East of Bclval our infantry ele-
ments, having discovered prepara-
tons for a German counter attack,
succeeded in taking as prisoners seven
officers, Of whom two we're battalion
commanders, and a certain number
of soldiers. In the, region of Roye
and Lassigny the artillery fire has
been very spirited.
PARIS tDAN. Between the Avre
and the Oise there was activity by
our own and the enemy artillery,
notably IN the sectors cf Roye-sur-
Matt and Conchy les Pots.
On the front Of the Vesle German
raids were without results. Prison
crs were taken BY the French during
an incursion into the German lines
in the region of Mesnl-les- Hurlus.
BRITISH
LONDON (NIGHD. Local fight
ing has taken place to-day on the
battlefront in the ncighborhoo6 Of
Parviers. Our troops have made
progress and have taken several
prisoners.
Following upon his recent with
drawals in the Hebuterne sector, the
enemy has evacuated his forward po-
sitions at Beaumont. Hamel, Sierra,
Puisieux-au-Mont and Bucquoy. Our
patrols are pushing forward in touch
with the enemy and have gained
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Quotes Editorial in
Roosevelt Vehicle

Here Senator Weeks interrupted to
ask II that was the magazine of which
Theodore Roosevelt is associate editor.
Secretary Baker replied that Mr.. Roose-
Welt was contributing editor, and con-
tinued:
This magazine came out in August,
1917. and this editorial says:
Since it is our war, we want to put
everything into it so as to finish it in
the shortest possible time, so that the
world may be restored. To our mind,
the whole plan of the War Department
has been ilavorcd with desire to hold
off until the Allies finish tho war for us. ,
You sec, the editor was dealing with
what he supposed to be the intention Of
the War Department at that timc--that
VIC were holding off so far as actual
military operations were concerned and
letting the Allies do the fighting
"What he says VIC should have done
and ask your particular attention to
its this:
crgy to have gotten from 10000 to 10O,-
600 men to France this year.
"That is, the year 1917. I tell no
secret, but it is perfectly we'll known
to everybody in this group that we have
far exceeded what in August, 1917, was
regarded as a programme SO ideal that
the editor Of this magazine refers to it
as thing which VIC ought to have
strained every nerve in a vain, but hope
less, effort to accomplish"
In response to a question by Chair
man Chamberlain the Secretary said
tho United States did not have more
than the minimum number of men in
Franco in August, 1917, He continued; {;
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29

their advance, rcconstructng thei1
broken engines and cars, building new
railroads, both back Of the French and
British lines, and those regiments were
of such quality that at the Cambria
assault, carried on by General Byng,
when the Germans made their counter
attack, our engineer regiment threw
down their picks and spades and car
ricd their rifles into the battle s,nd dis
tinguished themselves by gallant action
III the war itself.
every early in this war, Great Brit
ain. through Balfour and his assistants,
and France through Joffre, said to us,
Send us nurses and doctors.' Why, be-
fore we we're scarcely in the war,
American units organized in advance
and anticipation by the cd Cross,
which was taken over into the service
of the United States through the Sur
geon Generals Office, were on the bat
tleticlda, and there are tens Of thou
sands Of men in England and in France
now who bless the mission of mercy
upon which the first Americans ap-
pcarcd in France.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29

largely occupied, so that our problem
was not going to a shoe factory and
saying. Make shoes for u.s. But it
was going to factory which never
made shoes, because all the shoe fac
tories were busy making shoes for peo-
pie from whom VIC could not take them,
and saying, Learn how to make shoes.
IN order that you may make them for
u.s.
Nov. of course. that is not true Of
shoes, but it is true of machine guns:
1t is true Of other arms, it is true Of
ammunition, it is true Of forging capa-
city, which was the greatest defect in
the country. and all of this time we
had not merely not to disturb the
programme of Allied manufacture in
this country, but we had not to cut
OF the supplies Of raw material to our
allies, and we had not to disturb the
industry Of this country to such an OK
tent that products upon which they
depended for the success OF their mill
tary operations would be intcrfercd
with, both agricultural and commercial
and industrial products.
At the outset the idea was that We
would be financial and industrial
assistance to our allies during the
year 1918. and think can read from
The Metropolitan Magazine for August
a suggestion which will show what the
current expectation of tho country was.
The editor of The Metropolitan Maga-
Zlne' was protesting against what he
believed to be the intention of the
government at that time -
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Had to Men1orizc
And Relay Aduice

They had 20 be hospitablc to sug-
gcstons which came from the other
side; they had to confer with the for
cgn officers who were here and were
constantly being charged. so that men
fresh from tho front could be here to
advise with us, and, in addition to that
every one of them had to be a unvcr.
sty professor, going out into the life
of the community and selecting men
who had mechanical experience and
knowledge and training, but not mill
tary mechanical experience and knowl-
edge and training, and adding to his
original equipment the scientific train
ing. that finishing touch which made
him available for use as military
scientist.
"As a consequences, this little group
which stayed here have built the great
special departments of the army. The
ordnance department., starting, ! think
with 50 or So officers, has now, as
recall the figures, something like 5000
officers. They have had to be trained
they have had to be specialized, and
that has had to 60 on contemporane-
ously with this tremendous response tc
the changing conditions on the other
side.
"In the meantime. when we started
into this war | think it was commonly
cur contribution at the outset might
we'll be financial and industrla1.
"Thc industries Of this country were
largely devoted at that tme--the ap.
propriate industries, and many con
verted industries were largely devoted
to the manufacture Of war materials
for Our ollioc
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
eve Cannot Conceiue
Suffering of France''

"The French people had suffered oh,
suffered in a way that not only our
language is not adapted to describe but
our imagination cannot conceive! The
war is in their country. This wolf has
not only been at their doors, but he
has been gnawing for two years and a
successful offensive in France had gone
on there was a spirit. not OF surrender,
but of fate, about the French people.
"Thc mighty military engine which
they had seen prepared to overcome
them for forty years was at them, and
their attitude was that no matter
whether every Frcnchman died in his
tracks, as they were willing to do. or
not, that it was an irresistible thing,
and SO they said to us: Frankly, it
will cheer us. it will cheer our people,
if YOU send over some of your troops.
awe did send some troops.
cat that place VIC had choice. We
could have sent over, as Great Brit
ain, our regular army, and in very
short preparation put it into action and
suffered exactly what Great Britain
suffered with her 'contcmptiblc little
army, as it was called by their advcr-
sarics. Our army would have given as
good an account of itself as tho Brit
ish army did. but it would have been
+ destroyed. like the British army, and
there would have been no nucleus on
which to build this now army that was
to come over a little later. and it was
dcemcd wiser to send over regular
division. but not to send over our
whole regular army at that time.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Believes Germany
Still Mystifed

"Ycs, Senator, know. If may rely
upon the confidential information
which we get from confidential sources,
the German government is still mysti-
fed as to the number of men we have
in France, or have had there at any
time"
The chairman said he doubted this.
After some discussion as to the policy
of govcr..-.cnts in announcing military
secrets, Mr.. Baker said it was not the
policy of the American or other gov
crnments to do SO, and added:
"I am saying this now because you
have asked me why l have held back
these facts until now. | am saying to
you what you could not get from Great
Britain at this minute. do not know
whether could get them from Great
Britain at this minute. do not know
whether could get the number Of sol
dicrs Great Britain has in France or
at home. 7 could get an approXima-
ton, I could get whatever information
might be deemed helpful to the immc-
diatc military object to be accom-
plished, but I could not get from Grca
Britain or France, either one. the
actual number of troops it has at the
front.
ut may be that that precaution is
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
To Have Over 500, 900
In France in 1918

"And then the editor goes on: And
by next year, 1918, vc could have had
5000 mon to send over, or any part
Of 100000 men which VIC could ship
"Now, instead of having $4,000 or
100000 men in France in 1917, we have
many more men than that in France,
and instead of having 100000 men whom
VIC could ship to France if we could find
any way to do it in 1918, VIC will have
more than 900 men in France car
ly in 1918; and we have available, if the
transportation facilities are available
to US, and the prospect is not unprom
Using, 100000. who, in 1918, can be
shipped to France"
Senator Weeks asked whether the
Secretary knew who wrote tho editorial
and Mr.. Baker said he thought it was
attributed to Mr.. Wiggin, the editor in
chief
"Why." asked Chairman Chamberlain
"havc you not felt it proper to let the
public into your confidence, with refer
cnce to these things that you arc tell
ing now"
"Scnator. confess have hcsitatcd
and still hesitate" replied the Secrc-
tarv. 81 have here statement from
Field Marshal Won lIindcnburg, in
which he is quoted as saying in a Ger
man newspaper. in contemptuous fash
ion of US, that VIC have advertised our
preparations for this war in an un-
worthy manner"
"Do you think, for a moment, Secrc-
tary Baker" said the chairman, "that
there has been any time within the last
year that the German secret service
has not been fully advised as to every
thing We have done c?'
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Doctors and Nurses
First in the Field

"Our surgeons have set up hospitals
imcdiately behind the lines. They have
been made military in every sense Of
the word. They have not been cspcci-
ally fortunate in escaping attack from
the air, and our early losses in this
war were the losses Of Red Cross
nurses and doctors and orderies and
attendants in hospitals and ambulance
drivers who were sent over to assist
our Allies in these necessary services,
thus not only rendering assistance but
acquiring skill and knowledge Of the
circumstances and surroundings. so
That when our own troops came in
large numbers they could render like
services to our own forces.
"But that was not enough. It was
suggested that further groups of nc
chanics might be needed. Nay, VIC be-
gan to sec that VIC were going to be
over there in large force. and the Qucs-
ton that then had to be answered
was, How will VIC maintain an army in
France? Special studies had to be
made of that problem, and this is what
they showed. They showed that the
railroads and tho facilities Of France
had during this war been kept in an
excellent condition, far better than
any other supposed possible under
war conditions; and yet, that those
railroads were used to the maximum
to take care of the needs Of the French
and the British themselves. and that,
when our army became great army,
1T would be necessary for us to build
back of our own line an Independent
line of communication
'In other words, France was a white
sheet Of paper so far as VIC were con-
ccrncd. aud on that VIC had not only
to write an army, but We had TO write
tho means of maintaining that army,
and from tho first time when a care
full and scientific study Of the oppor-
tunitics of France to help US were
made, from that hour until this we
have been building in France facili-
ties, instruments, agencies, just as
many as VIC arc here in the United
States and more, many Of them Of the
SanC character
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
"Our Problem Was
To Get Ouer There''

Now, gentlemen. about the plan of
The war. 1t will be remembered that
his war broke out in August, 1914.
We went into it in April. 1917, so that,
for two and onc-half years, or more
than two and onchalf years. the war
had been going on. 1t was net as
though war had broken out between
the United States and some country.
each OF them prior TO that time having
been at peace with one another and
with everybody else, so that an immc-
date plan should be made in the
United States for conducting war
against its adversary, but We we're
coming into war which had been
going on for two and one half years,
in which the greatest military experts,
all the inventive genius. all of the in
Gustrial capacity Of these creates t
onc.half years been solving the prob
lem Of what Kind OF war it was to be
and where il was to be waged.
ut was not u thing for us TO decide
uherc our theatre OF war should be.
The theatre of war was France. It
was not for us TO decide our line Of
communications. Our line of COM
runcatons was across three thousand
miles OF ocean, ono end Of il infested
with submarines. II was not for us 70
decide whether We would have the
nanruverins of large bodies Of troops
in the open. There lay the antagonists
on opposite sides of No Mans Land in
the trenches at a death grapplc with
enc another. Our antagonist WAS on
the other side of that line, and our
problem was and is TO get over there
and set him.
1T was not the problem of doing it
cur way and letting every ybody else
,ako care Of himself. In the first
place. VIC were going to fight in France.
not on our own soil, and not on our
adycrsary's soil, and therefore. at the
very beginning, it was obvious that the
thing We had TO do was not TO map out
an ideal plan Of campaign, not TO have
.hc War College with its speculative
studies Of Napoleon and everybody
else, map out tho Theoretically best
way 10 set at some other country, but
it was the problem of studying the
then existing situation and bringing
the financial, the industrial and the
military strength of the United States
,nto cooperation with that OF Great
Britain and France in the most inn
mediate and effective way. That prob
lem could not be decided here.