The circle banner. [volume] (Circle, Mont.) 1914-1939, 1918-11-29

than two months cut the enemy's lines
Of communication from Metz and
threatened the capture OF all his
forces left In France.
when Russia's vast man-power
gets into action Germany will be
crushed as under steam roller" said
| everyone In 1914, and for time this
| prediction babe fair to be realized.
| The Russians invaded East Prussia
and were making fine progress there
| and in Poland, which was kept up,
| with some reverses, until early in
1915, when Won Hindenburg admins
tered to them q succession of terrific
defeats. These were not due so much
to the military supremacy of the Ger
mans as to the shameful betrayal of
the Russian armies by corrupt officials
who left them almost destitute of
arms and supplies From that time
on Russia's main successes were won
against the Austrians and were tenn
porary. Decentralization steadily
spread through the cars dominion,
lostClCQ ny OcIiudA dkcnlS, anu liiC
outcome was the deposition of Mich
olas and his dynasty and the estab-
lishment of a confused semblance of
government by the soviets of the SOL
diers. workers and peasants--a condi-
tion that remains to be cleared up,
though the power of the bolsheviki is
rapidly waning.
Italy, Once Defeated, Triumphs.
Italy, declaring that the terms of
the Triple Alliance had been violated
by Austria, entered the war on the
side of the allies on May %, 1915.
Turkey had gone in with Germany be-
fore the war was three months old,
and Bulgaria cast her lot with the
Teutons In October, 1915. The for
tunes of the Italians were spectacular.
They won over the Austrians for a
long time and invaded the regions of |
Italia 1rridenta along the Adriatic, |
threatening Trieste. Then subtle |
Teuton propaganda, coupled with de- |
featist work at home, brought disaster |
on them. Helped by German divisions, |
the Austrians made a tremendous |
drive and forced the Italians back to |
the Piave river line. There the con- |
test stood for many months, until the /
middle of June, 1918, when under Cen
eral Diaz, the Italians not only stop |
ped another offensive, but turned 1T
into a great defeat and rout which
eliminated in the surrender of Aus
tria. This was FASTENED by the fall
ing to pieces of the Austro-Hungarian
empire, the states of which were es-
tablishing their independence, follow
ing the lead of the Czecho-Slovaks.
Turkey, with the aid of Germans,
to Great Britain two set
backs that were rather humiliating.
The first was at the Dardanelles,
which the British tried to force, first |
with navy alone, then with land and
sea forces. Both attempts were disas-
trous failures. The other defeat by
the Turks was in Mesopotamia, where
General Townshend and his army
we're captured &C Kut-el-Anara. Both
these reverses were more than COM
oensated for by the later conquest OF
Mesopotamia and the Holy Land and
he consequent surrender of Turkey.
AS for Bulgaria, she was beaten
argely by the regenerated Serbian
army, which had great assistance from
he French, Greeks and British. Ser
,ia had been wholly overrun in the /,
irst few months of the war, but her
;pirit never died out and in the late
summer of 1918 she not only regained
Ter own, but forced Bulgaria to her
,nees.
Roumania kept out Of the conflict :
or some time and then Joined the al
les, though they would have prefer
ed that she remain neutral. She In
AIDED Transylvania and at first :
threatened to give Austria a great
eal Of trouble, but Germany came to
is ally's aid, Russia collapsed and !
loumania was forced to give up.
Warfare in the Air. B
The most picturesque side Of the n
reat conflict has been the war in the G
ir. 1t was quickly seen that the air le
lane would play a big part in the 81
yar, and every belligerent nation soon tt
ad powerful air fleets. The machines al
,ere enlarged and improved beyond pl
IL imagining, and from mere obssr-
alton planes became fighting and til
ombing machines Of vast Importance. ia
kept for observation purposes, the tn
ghter than air craft were utilized fl
My by Germany. She pinned her
nth to the great dirigible Zeppelins,
ut these on the whole proved q dis
al failure. True to hep savage pol pc
y, Germany waged unrestricted war tn
ON the air as on land and sea. Her ag
eppelins and planes repeatedly at it
cked London, Paris and innumerable in
her unfortified cities and towns, and la
n airmen made a practice OF bomb sill
z Red Cross hospitals.
Long before the war closed the ST.
lies had established their supremacy fri
the air, and equal to the best OF oh
cir flyers were the gallant Ameri- I'M
MS who entered that branch Of the les
rvice. ste
Another novelty of the war was the
MI. ThiA machine, based on an thu