The Yale expositor., 1918-06-20
| allies, f.ss needs. zYe.ts last fnN In

make IL clearer than ever that this
war is TO be won by fighting alone
military, economic and industriaD,
and that consideration of the German
food situation and other factors than
the military one is short-sighted, dam
gerous, and may lay the basis for pro-
lOngation of the war.
One nation from the first has given
no consideration whatever to German
hunger as war factor. That nation
is France. The clear, scientific French
mind has studied and accurately tabu-
lated real military factors of Ger
many's strength, such as man power;
but German-made propaganda based
on food shortage has gained no circula-
ton or credence in the French press
or among the French people. France
has lived side by side with the BOche,
fought him in the past and borne the
brunt Of his invasion in this war. He
has been able at times to overcome
her by military strength, but he has
never overcome her by propaganda.
'In another way France stands alone
as warning nation" says Doctor Tay-
lor-'the immediateness and complete
ness of her mobilization for war from
the first days of August, 1914"
To make this clear, he divides war
preparations into three zones.
The first zone is that of actual mill
tary mobilization, and operations in
volving the raising of armies, the dis
patch of fleets, and the making of war
paraphernalia.
The second zone is one entered by
nation when it begins to divert its
civilian industries to war industries, a
transformation that is absolutely nee
essary in modern war, and which can
only end when every industry has
been reshaped to military purposes.
The third zone is entered when ma
ton, having seen the necessity for
militarization of industries, and met
ii, recognizes that even this is not suf-
ficient, but that every man. woman and
child outside the fighting force must
put forth from % to 80 per cent more
effort and energy than in peace times.
The mechanic must produce that much
more work, either by intelligent speed
ing up or longer hours; the farmer
must plant that much more, the mer-
chant must eliminate luxury articles
in his stock and serve his customers
with fewer clerks, and all classes Of
the population must save for war pur-
poses, not merely money but mate
rails, food, effort, recreation.
France Knew What to Do.
It took England over a year to en-
ter the second zone and year more
to enter the third. Italy required as
long to enter the second zone. Russia
only succeeded in partially entering
the second Zone-and that shortcom-
ing, together with neglect of food
management, probably did as much as
German propaganda to undermine her
military establishment.
But France, who knew the Boche
and had lived for more than a gener-
alton never losing sight for a day Of
the fact that ultimately she would
| have to resist him again, entered all
three zones of war preparation on the
| day that Germany invaded. Her
armies marched to the front. Her
| factories, railroads, and farms were
| instantly turned over to war pur-
poses. Her women took their mems
places to carry on the work Of pro-
ducing military supplies, food, and
other war necessities. Luxury and
pleasure disappeared, TO be replaced
by industry, and industry itself was
increased by concentrated effort.
| The United States has occupied eff
GENTLY the first zone Of war prepare
| ton, and competent observers from
abroad, who have seen other nations
like our own mobilize, say that we are
making satisfactory progress in en-
terlng the second zone, where indus
tries must be diverted from peace to
war needs. We have not yet entered
the third zone, and from the view
point of a long war, to be won by
straight military decision, involving
the orderly carrying out of program
of vast magnitude, 1t is perhaps well
that we have not yet pressed on into
this third zone of increased industry.
For obviously, until the second zone
has been entered and put in order to
some extent, the increased activity re-
| quired by nation that has entered
the final zone of war preparation
might cause confusion and wasted eff
fort.
Speed Up to Win.
Wars are fought, won, and paid for
out of increased production, coupled
with savings. During the past year
the American people have set a new
record in their subscription to govern
ment loans. AS nation, however, we
are still more or less under the i'm
preston that money saving alone suf-
fees. That is not enough. A man
who in normal times would be justi-
fed in buying three hats each year
will In wartimes probably have to get
along with two. The hat maker will
manufacture the three hats just the
same, but one of them will be sent to