davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21

from the cotton fields to the machines
munication so puzzlng to the foreigner
the use of the telephone and city d.
rectory. the sending of kilograms and
letters and the finding of ones way
in the city streets.
The course is, above everything else,
practical; the teacher specialist in
her line, selected by the Board of Edu-
cation. No tedious puzzling over the
natural phenomena that make it posi-
bic for A to row upstream against
current and heaven knows what other
handicap, and meet floating leisurely
downstream at the precise time and
place c chooses for q swim, clad as
Nature made him. (Not, by the way,
that his costume had any important
bearing on the result of the problem,
but just introduced into the text as an
irrelevant detail for struggling facul
ties to trip over.) But there's none of
this for our young alien.
Instead. he learns to add. subtract,
multiply and divide from the simple
textbook of greenbacks and silver
coins. Because of economic necessity
and the law of barter and exchange,
our alien masters the intricacies of
weights and measures in the terms of
his adopted land. He learns thrift, and
subsequently, orderliness. Gradually he
feels the thrill of power that comea
through knowledge. He hears the fore
man talking to the boss and under
stands what Ia heinD MANNED for hia
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21

as it were, to make way for the nmbler
and more serviceable light railways.
Now, back of the entire Allied battle
line there is zone from four to five
miles wide within which perfect net
work of light railways running over
two-foot tracks perform almost the
whole function OF transport. Grown
up trains bring their freight-food,
equipment, munitions and even men
to the rail heads" just out Of ordi-
nary cannon range. There the toy
trains pick it up and distribute it prac-
tically into the trenches themselves,
jolting along with charming sangfroid
whether Fritz's shells be breaking in
twos and threes or by the whole skyful.
America is not a pioneer in military
light railroading. Our system is Dor
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21

in efficiency. grows and transfers it.
self into heightened effort
He whose tendency, due in great
part to his inability to speak other
than his native language, has been to
segregate himself wholly with those of
his native land, suddenly discovers a
good friend in some fellow worker He
finds himself drawn into friendly dis
cussions with other employees. English
has become passport to social inter
course, and bit by bit he grows out of
Little ltaly"-or whatever his native
colony happens to be-and into the
great mass Of assimilatei citizenry.
And what does all this mean to his
employer? What does he get out of
it, and what does he put into it?
Taking the Sicher factory school as
representative example, here are few
statistics representing what Mr.. Siche-
put into the school: For one years
instruction, i. e., thirty-five weeks, the
total cost was sl,232. OF this amount
the Board of Education paid out. for
teachers salary. books, pencils. paper.
etc, $500. The D. E. Scher firm car
ried the remainder Of the expense. OF
this 1857 went for wages Of workers
paid while learning, at the rate of II
cents an hour; SITS was for floor
space, sos for rent, light and heat and
S35 for janitor service. The cost per
pupil to the firm averages about $3.50;
to the city, $1480-not much, when it
all comes back to the firm in increased
efficiency and service and to the city,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21

Scher course the teacher asked the
pupils to write short essays or letters
stating what advantage the course had
been. One letter said:
THE English language teaches me
how to keep in eood health. so that
90 not spend money tor doctor.
40 not lose money by staying home
My emp oyer does not 4ose money.
because come 20 work every day.
ut teaches me to be true 70 nv
emp oyer; not to waste his tine and
goods can obey my employers
rules because | understand them.
i can read the newspaper d know
every days happenings. can read
advertisements, and if | see sale
on something need, buy it.
III teaches me TO talk nice y"
An essay headed Loyalty" read:
at is now five years that | am
living in the United States. Year
after year | am earning to love it
more. Here hive an opportunity to
educate myself free of any charge.
Now that I speak the English lam
gu7ge | am happier than | was before.
pee use IT helps me to get q good po-
sltion. II also helps me to be a bet
Iei cltlzeh ana better person. Here
we have liberty and freedom if we
are true to the United States would
do anything in return for all the good
1t has done for me-"
Another pioneer school for Amer
canizing the alien was that started b,
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company II
1913 under the direction of Mr.. Co
lelli, young Yale graduate and en-
thusiastic worker in this education O,
the foreigner. Instead of the direc
classroom method used by the Siche,
company. the Pennsylvania Roas
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21
craterSs
Quick Transport
A Great Factor

The worth of the toy railroad may
be gagged from the fact that it is far
too valuable for use anywhere except
right at the front. The technique of
operation is highly finished now. 1t
will be subject to no theatrical devel-
opment, though the tactical use Of
these railways will doubtless be modi-
fed and specialized.
But as the war itself develops trans
port looms ever larger as one Of the
great determining factors for victory
We have always thought of our rail-
road men as the equals of any, and
their brains will scarcely atrophy in
the army Nor is the vast Industrial
plant over here being allowed to crum-
Bile into ruin.
1t is comforting to know that Uncle
Sam hasn't put his toy railroad under
his pillow to dream about. Wherever
there is an American front in France
he has it out and spinning every
minute.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21
Ar;L lery carrying truck

raj Stevenson Rocket model. However.
they have more pull than anything else
in the army.
Indeed these engines pull practically
every type of car. except the Pullman
used on the standard gauge-all built,
Of course, on a timer scale. There are
fat cars and gondolas, box cars and
dumps" and tanks" Still, tank car
with a capacity of $4,000 pounds isn't
such midget at that.
Such tools as these make enthusi-
astic workmen. Perhaps, if you pin
him right down to it, you can't get an
admiring engineer to admit pointblank
that the little engines will jump
through hoops or sit up and beg. But
he's perfectly willing to issue a blanket
Endorsement and affirm fatty that "they
will do anything"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21
The Broad Gauge
System Retreats

The light railroad, as the Allies OPP
crate it in France, falls into the class
Of old ideas which the exigencies of
war have forced to an undreamed- of
intensive development on the battle
field. In 1914, while all military au-
thorities realized that transportation
must be the backbone of any campaign,
it was thought that the standard gauge
roads-the ordinary commercial lines,
supplemented by the usual strategic"
ailways-would fulfil all requirements,
both in the rear and at the front
1t was soon found this wouldn't
work. The front" was far too imper-
manent, both as to location and sur
face, for the cumbersome and perma-
manent works of peace-time railroad
ing. So the standard, or broad gauge,
systems retreated from the trenches,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21
Aliens Taught English,
Thrift and Patriotisna
as Part of Days WorIs
in New York Shops
TT TAKES millions of dollars and


about three years of labor to build
q battleship that lasts only d com
paratively short time. 1t takes abou.
$50 and thirty-five weeks of an hour
day to transform an ilterate worker
foreign born, into literate American
who can give enduring loyalty and
service, according to people who ar
how doing the latter. Both are INDUS
trial products and both are essential to
the safety and efficiency of this democ
racy But in our zeal for the one we
are likely to overlook Il e Importance
Of the other.
1t is no secret that among many OF
the foreigners in our large cities the
Drafting of their sons into the army
created much i'll feeling This feeling
was natural inheritance to those who
knew soldier only as a sacrifice to
mllltarlsm, 8 victim of autocracy. Has
these foreigners been taught the Eng
llsh language and been trained ia
american ideals of democracy, hac
they been able to read for themselve.
the reasons why we. as a nation, Ell
Tered this war, competent authorities
say we should have had ardent Amer
Sans, eager TO offer their sons, instead
't reluctant hyphenated Americans.
The ro5lem of abolishing the hy-
phen is serious one, but the burden
OF the task the privilege of the SER
Vice-iies with industry. 1t has been
SHOWN IN the factories and workshops
that the alien can be most successfully
induced TO give up the old manner Of
lie and adopt instead the language,
methods, customs and standards of
American living.
Language the
First Essential
Reuliztng that a ready understanding
and familiar grasp Of the English Ian.
Susge, the essentials of civics, the OBJ
serVance of law and the fundamentals
VI patriotism are necessary not only to
- 'NiN'l tSditiZtnS OIL the dilSH Sut W
MS greater service and effic;cncr as an
empIoye, several large industries have
already established schools for their
foreign employees One of the best and
most representative of these is main
sained BY the d. f. Sicher Company, of
this city
here for three quarters of an hour
each morning, while the faint whirr of
machinery reminds them that their pay
goes OH during study, all employees who
Wish receive practical instruction in the
speaking and writing of the English
language. the composing of personal
Shd business letters, the fundamentals
Vi arithmetic, history and civic govern
"sht, good citizenship, local ordinances,
hygiene and sanitation, the industrial
''o1ution Of the product they handle
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21
Laying Ten Miles
Of Track a Day

Indeed, you're inclined to agree with
him when you learn that they will pull
a train straight through a trench or
burrow for self-protection fifteen feet
underground in an eight by-eight tun-
mel. The steel-tied track for them can
be laid fast enough to pursue a retreat
ing army. This has actually been
done, both by the British and the Ger
mans. With sufficient forces and under
highly favorable conditions the utmost
claim for track-laying is ten miles a
day. Then, if conditions are reversed
and the enemy doesn't press too vigor-
ously, they can pick up their own
tracks and carry them away to lay else
where
But these are stunts. Obviously,
track laying under shell fire is tick
lish business. Five hundred feet
across certain exposed and bloody
stretch may be a more rreditabe days
work than five miles in quieter zone
Camp Humphreys, the big new engi-
ncers' camp in Virginia, was built by
light railways in the midst Of las.
winters storm havoc. The young rail-
way regiments down there were con-
side, ed to have done We with half q
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21
Loyalty Increases
AS He Learns

The reaction Of the foreigner to such
a course in the fundamentals of Ameri-
can citizenship is swift and provocative
TO an increased loyalty, not only to the
country of his or her adoption. but to
the employer who has made such an op-
poTtunity possible. At the end of the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21
Miniature Trains Dis
tribute Munitions
Through Shell Torn
Area Into Front
Trenches

nile of track day Under ordiusry
be called fair average.
Most of the work of the light rail-
ways is more useful than spectacular.
They never get tired, and they are al
ways busy moving up needed supplies,
carting back the debris from fresh
trenches, and in general making the
fighting front fright"
1t must be understood that there are
two main factors of transport ut the
front-light railways and trucks.
When the ground is so torn up by hur-
ricane fire that the railways can no
longer operate, the big motor trucks
come into their own. And nobly have
they held tleir own. plunging down to
Verdun, sometimes six a minute, and
each with its load of she'll, or ssagger-
ing up to the Aisne simply splitting
Foch's victory bringing reserves.
But truck transport at the firing line
is emergency transport. In wet weather
trucks slip and slide, they clutter up
the line of march, and they tear their
own roadbed to pieces in almost no
time. The light railway does none Of
these things. 1t stays where it is put,
it makes and conserves its own road
bed, and even its gas engines, running
over smooth, twenty five pound rails,
develop greater power than the best
truck in the world trying to climb
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21
Trucks and Gun Car
riages on Two-Foot
Tracks Haul d bv
Electric Power or
Tiny Steam Engines
BY Ralph f. Henaud

wv ASHINGTON, July 20.-Uncle
w Sans most useful plaything
in this war is his toy railroad.
Il ism; too much to say that the defeat
OF Germany hangs upon the skill and
efficiency with which he operates it.
Every moment OF the day and night
midget engines, boldly labelled ~. s.
A." and drawing ministure cars over
tiny tracks, puff their way along our
battle lines in France, piling up bit by
Bit the material by which the American
army lives and fights Jerky little
things. with none of the smooth rhythm,
Of the great locomotives that whirl us
from city to city over here, they never
theless get through an enormous
amount Of work on the same plan of
multiplied effort the ants adopted sew
eral aons ago.
No army to-day could exist without
its light railroads. They are the i'm
mediate and necessary blood vessels
which throb just below the skin of war
and feed the surface of the fighting
front Easily operated and quickly
laid. they follow the flag with the very
pertinacity that George AIDE. in the bad
old days, once sscribed to the cocktail.
And wherever their humpy cadence is
heard the listener may be sure the
foremost trench frontier is just around
the corner. So death curves" are
frequent on this railroad system a.
telegraph poles on the lines at home.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21
Effect on Health
And Accidents

Before long Mr.. Colelli had nearly
1900 pupils. Accidents became less
frequent, the hea tn of the emp owes
improved. as well as the amount and
quality of their work. strikes w.re
averted. and when they were able to
understand just what naturalization
meant the employees eagerly sought the
advantages offered by citizenshtD I'M
III at the present time there are COM
paratlvely few among Mr. Colelli's
pupils who have not taken out either
their FIRST or second papers.
Other large companies and organiza.
tions are rapidly following in the foot.
steps OF these pioneers. Since October
l9If, forty-e ght schools have been es-
taolished; but the factories and busi.
nesses which are contributing in this
great work of Americana the alien
oy the establishment of such classes ara
still in the minority. compared with tho
many who have not yet awakened to
their responsibility in this matter
Shortslghtedness does. unfortunately
sui exist, the pioneers in this move.
ment am. and although many employ-
ers nave installed costly efficiency ex.
perts 10 tell them what is wrong with
their oldtime shop methods these ex-
peits sometimes fail to see right under
tnelr noses an opportunity 20 increase
luu per cent an employers labor eou,n-
ment and at the same time train iovsy
citizens for the nation.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21

welfare and the success Of his business.
For the first time he appreciates the
tact that he Is necessary part Of an
organization, and natural pride mani
tests itself in quicker movements and
an eager a!ertness to get the most out
of his particular job. If a garment
worker he pictures to himself as he
works the history Of the garments
evolution-taught him that morning.
He Demands
To Know More
Sc his mental power increases. He
writes to his friends back home a
glowing letter that conveys the i'm
preston that American Is some" land
His native brother. on farm out West,
saboriously pencils the information
that the round red objects on his post
card are "apples grone on thees farm
Our alien smiles and sits down to
write his first letter in the newly &C
quired English. From then on he Is
an American The first papers are
taken out, and then the second Mean
while. that he may be an intelligent
citizen, he demands to know all about
Washington. Lincoln and the less ia
miliar names of our great statesmen.
He learns the origin and meaning of
legal holidays, Of our plan IF govern
ment He is taught the true meaning
of patriotism, and although he may
never hear of John Wesley, he soon
finds out through this factory school
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21

descend sa
rabbits the dgned hungry
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21

rowed pretty literally from French and
British uses as we fourd them when
we entered the war. Here and there
it is true, we have Incorporated we'll
tested ideas developed in our own rail-
road or engineering experience, and as
time passes we expect to embody other
improvements But we're using the
French 60-centimetre tracks, and in
the main we have INDUCED in no new
tangled notions"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21
Steam Used
Only at Night

Our light engines, though, are dis
tinctly American-American built and
trimming with what one might almost
call American personality They are
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21

(Above) Full trench train
Tie the picket behind
gasolene engine, used only n daytime.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21
City Supplies Teachers
Who Show Loyalty
Increases as Pupils
Learn

started a correspondence course, issu-
ng pamphlets giving at first only short
sentences employing railroad terms
md bringing in the use of the vowel
and later of the consonant An Eng
sh sentence, such as THE engine bell
rings" was given, followed by an Ital-
IN Initiative pronunciation, as "Thi
engin bel rings" and finally by the
Italian equivalent of the sentence, ia
sAmpana del a macchina suona."
In this way the foreigner learned
English through a practical course al
ned with his particular job. As he
progressed and read English more
easily Mr.. Cole.li sent him his lesson
in the form of an essay on "Naturaii-
atlon." on How to Keep Well" and
Safety First" rules. and on "Funda-
.nentals of County. City, State and Ma
tional Government" To better present
the advantages of mastering English
and becoming a naturaized citizen the
Pennsylvania Railroad had a moving
picture made representing the "Ameri-
canizatlon of Tony" in which was de-
pcfed with an interesting plot the life
of Tony from the time he worked in
nc sunny ne.ds of Italy. through the
4ays Of immigration. OF getting work
America, of finding it necessary To
arm English. both for getting a bet
ter job and for protecting himself
against accidents. and finally of estab-
ilshlng little home of his own. tax
ing out his citizenship papers and be-
coming real and actual part of this
great nation
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-21

U7ASHINGTON, July 20.-Uncle
w Sans most useful plaything
in this war is his toy railroad.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-09-02

we'll known and powerful leaders.
Henderson 1. tho only one who
stands for the conference PROPOSE.
ton. He IL an official OF the Mold
crE' union. and lay preacher In the
Methodist church
Not q Paeifist
henderson wants Pruaalanlnm ob.
liberated. There ~ no question about
that. He is not a pacifist. lie Ia no,
a socialist lie has a mistaken idea
on one point. but he II far from tho
type Of our HiliauiS. Bergers and
hearings. There are might few OF
that kind OF men In Britain--mighty
few. They like them not in Bligh,y.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-09-02
5000 PARENTS
GET IN MOVIES

Out at Volunteer park Sunday.
more than 5000 mothers and dads
sisters. brothers and wives OF men
In the military service OF the coun.
try attended the mass meeting OF the
Parents sssocia ton OF Soldiers and
Sailors OF Washington state. After
listening TO the intensive appeals OF
tho speakers. the crowd marched be-
fore the motion picture camera for
the films that are to be shown TO
their sons "oNsr there"
In the address Of ID. y. skinner
the founder OF the association. a bet.
ter understa nding bet~een capital
and labor was urged In order TO avoid
the dangers which win follow after
the war unless this In brought about.
Livingston X. Stedman thrilled the
audience with a tribute TO the boys
N tho scryicc. The keynote of his
address being the need for coopera.
ton OF the people at home with the
boys at the front.
Our boys are yielding their com.
fort. their happiness. their ambition.
their lives. their all. for us: surely
we shall yield them the loyal sup
port they 50 richly deserve" he said.
They demand the unqualified. undi.
vidcd support OF America. and we
have sworn. and do here and now
solcmniy pledge. that they shall
have IT,"
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-09-02

elevators. operating from the sub.
basement capable OF lifting ~ tons.
take trucks and their loads direct
to the floor for which the goods are
consigned. ncceHEitating only one
unloading, Two freight trucks. two
electric dumb walters and an EN-.
ploycs' elevator also operate from
this floor and eight passenger Gle.
vaiora start from the firrt basement.
The store In equipped with every
device known 10 modern efficiency
by which labor can be mlnimized Al.
tho the floor space Of the new home
IL 50 per cent greater than was that
OF the old store. the same staff Of
employees will be able tn handle the
work with efficiency. An .inbornt.
pneumatic tube system and parcel
conveyor system are largely rcspon.
sible for this conservation OF labor.
ON the firth floor the tea room.
rest room and mems grill room are
located. A complete and luxuriouHly
equipped phonograph section IN 10.
Gated next to the women's drawing
room.
WIN Seat 100
The tea room and grill room seat
400. The tea room, furnished In cool
green. In softly lighted from big win
dows chnstely curtained. The mems
grill room. cory with welcoming
Windsor chairs and warm hanginTs.
suggests good fellowship over good
food.
(lu the sivfh ftna~ ~xexx thnuwhf
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-09-02
Far and Near
News by Telegraph
and Telephone
Seattle branch Of bohemian Ma

Seattle branch Of bohemian Ma
tional alliance entertained officers
and sailors from French vessels Sat.
urday night. in Mime, Lcppcr'H hall.
1904 Fourth ave. In honor OF Prcsi.
dent =. II. Mushor. who leaves for
overseas duty soon.
Professor Bailey willis. head Of the
department. of geology and mining
Of the Leland Stanford university. In
at the New Washington.
Bathing season at the municipal
resort at Alki closes Monday night
Officers Of the spruce production
division give formal dinner ut tho
Hotel Washington Monday night.
The regular meeting Of the pub
iicity an advertising bureau Of the
Chamber of Commerce will not b.
held until next Monday.
Butte business men will take n
course In military training at Camp
Lewis. TO give young men OF the city
ideas OF camp life before being called
y. W. G. 4. girls club house just
completed at Greene park. Camp
Lewis. will be dedicated with open
house Wednesday. from To II y. m
Mai Gen. j. y. Morrison, com.
manding Western department OF the
night. for inspection Of Sound army
posts. Monday he left for Forts
Worden. Casey and Flagler.