South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-27
Know Why Equator's Hot?
If not Maybe its Fault
of Your School Teacher

"E1er, student knows that tha
equator IS hot but very few can tell
vhy It is mo, and the only explana-
zion they can give is that the nearer
sou come TO "a hot place The hotter
sou get said Prof r. -. Calkins in
bats lecture before the teachers in
st.tute TUESDAY morning That is
BECAUSE tine subject OF latitude is
often wrongly taught. 3nN Che who
subject is ciouded .n mystery even
in the pupils later life
Tuesday afternoon military note
was injected into the institute pro-
gram when PVT John scott of the
Canadian eTpeditlonary forces re-
lated his experiences during the
ar-r German gas attack.
In discussing the methods OF
teaching geography prof Calbius
said.
Instructors who desire 10 explain
c.usr and effect relation mus.
Iarrate events in the order in which
they have happened. II all OF these
events are not comprehensive TO
thc child mind % will not simplify
matters 10 leave out the hard parts.
when amy effor- to prepare lessons
for the morrow viii Doe merely .c.i-
taJons from memory"
Prof Calkins emphasized the fact
that the sole Importance of tempero-
lure. wind and rainfall had 10 do
with their effect upon plant life and
chat the universe. when divided for
Geographical purposes. consists
merely of woodlands, srass-Iands.
and highlands. or dseerts People
Gre where plants grow. and when
there is scarcity Of human susten-
auce u any one place. the inhabi-
tlut- become wandering and NOM
aGic. The speaker concluded his,ad-
dress Dy applying the general prin-
cipals Of his talk 10 China. and eX-
planned how that country is enabled
Go eNpor, tea and silks because Of
the abundance OF its cheap labor.
Geographical Influences.
some geographical Influences
formed the substance of Prof.
Smith Burnhams lecture His talk
vas lively and interestins brighten
ed by little anecdotes which the in
-tructOr had overheard ON his num-
erous travels lie illustrated the
well known truth that the character
OF country and the nature Of its
SOIL can be ascertained by a trip
across its continent, and he also
showed the influence OF geography
and other natural forces on the
colonial history of our own land.
The gaps made 10y waterways i'm the
Apps iachian mountains formed the
first highways for pioneers i'm their
penetration OF the interior.
Geographical facts also account
for the supremacy OF our leading
cities and 10 is not New Works har-
Dor. So much as the pass in the
Catskills which permits the en-
trance of four railways and Of the
Erie canal which make this place
our greatest metropolis
Industrial life. social organiza-
tiou transportation. even political
principals are outgrowths of geo
graphical Influences The wars Or
1872 and of 1861 have also been
marked indirectly by the physiog-
uomy of the earth" the speaker
said
Talks on Trade struggle.
Ira~much as The Struggle For
Trade" constitutes one of the fuuda-
mental causes of the present world
crisis. DO was hitting subject % be
chosen py prof smith Burnham
Monday afternoon for the first of
his series of lectures intended TO
clarity modern thought concerning
The present world war Mr. Burn
ham i~ especially capable 100 dealing
with historical subjects OF this kind
ty virtue OF ms position bon the de
r.ir-mcnt of history at the state nor
NAL school at West Chester. Penn.