davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04


The charge was made to-day that,
although publicity is sought to be
avoided, there is also a lack Of CO.
operation between the Department of
Justice and the Intelligence Bureau of
the Navy Department, q case being
cited in which the Intelligence Bureau
cf the navy caused the detention and
internment at Ellis Island of about
200 alien enemies on grounds warrant
ing their intcrnment for the duration
of the war. 1t was stated that the De-
partment of Justice permitted some 100
Of them to be released.
The declaration was also made that,
while the records of 10000 alien enc
mics in the United States have been
examined and vast numbers of them
found to be questionable to the degree
Of warranting their permanent intern
ment, the Department of Justice has
permitted the internment of only 800
since the United States entered the
war, in addition to those taken from
the German merchant vessels and war
ships in American waters when this
country became a belligerent.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04
Bolsheviki Threaten War
Unless Kaiser Recalls Army;
Appeal to Teuton Peoples
ILL.," Berlin Hears
Of Plot to Force Resignation

LONDON "a the Exchange Telegraph Amsterdam
Hling,
Hling
i'll
taking he Of Imperial Chancellor.
with Prince Buelow visiting
Chancellor This
Won Buow believed be with the
the polio Crown s
believed that despite opposition
nmos crit
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04
Russians Have Made
Counter Proposals
To Ieutonic Allies

LONDON. Jan. A dispatch to the
Daily Mail" from Petrograd, dated
Wednesday, says:
The Russians now have made coun-
.er proposals to the Tcutonic allies.
which are under consideration and will
be discussed at the next meeting of
the peace delegations at Brest-Litovsk
Saturday.
The proposals embody the imme-
diate evacuation OF occupied territory
pending referendum, the evacuated
districts to be governed by locally
elected representatives of the people.
who are to be assisted by the local
militia"
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04
Tugs Ram Floes,
But Coal Barges
Are Held by Tide

The prospects of supplying the i'm
mediate fuel needs of New York City
and piling up reserve through the
efforts Of the Federal, state and city
governments were shattered yesterday
by tightening blockade of ice that
locked ferry slips, crept down the Hud-
son and Harlem rivers and captured
whole convoy of coal barges.
Thousands of tons of coal desper-
ately needed in the city in view of a
dropping temperature and the threat
OF snow were held in vise-like grip
on Port Reading and South Amboy,
~. Powerful ice-breaking tugs bat
tied for hours breaking through the
Nil van kult to release the barges
Inc tugs finally rammed a path through
the ice, only to be delayed again for
hours In towing the barges through the
ice fte because Of an adverse tide.
Goal Receipts Small
The net result of the new gains made
Oy the Arctic spell in its battle with the
community was lwofold. The days
Yea! receipts took despairing down
ward plunge. while fuel administrators
ana railroad officials, pooling al, their
marine equipment, calling upon the
on'1ed States government and the new
eNy administration for -ramming
.salt announced they would smash the
I. Nu II they had to use torpedoes and
1'nainlte to do the work.
me government responded with the
Sseei freighter Poughkeepsic, which
ses'efaay afternoon started to ram its
"eS up the frozen Hudson to Yonkers.
mayor Hylan ordered the highpower
Jugs OF the Police and Fire depart
"en's ,;o 20 proceed to any icebound sec
.b vY" OIL tnc port of New York where
w' WY could do most good in clearing the
m"y lor coal tows. The Fire Depart
s;s %en. tug New Yorker was commits
Coms Co"eu 10 plough water route through
a,o u"anus Canal, Brooklyn, along which
,oway many coal yards, and through New
ots "" creek, also lined with coal pock-
iiylan Seeks Advice
CerasaiM "e Mayor also called up Director
VIA Ws"Isal OF Railways w. G. McAdoo, in
assaihgton, asking him how the city
hsi;;.ls'fatlon could best serve in
lem p'ng solve the complex fuel prob
Comn. lie was advised to consult
Seb,ao..y fuel Administrator Reeve
oSo;.y, ana other fuel administration
Sch,"'ii After conferences with Mr..
nonms ney anad his alas. Mayor Hylan an
adm;sse;d adased that ne had offered the fuel
Wit" su1fa'ors uli the services of the
ecms wings for unloading cars that
e n. 'nnrough ng the Pennsylvania tubes
Ci.v| w - euhnyslde yards in Long Island
Clean;as Is understood that the Street
today. '' wiz oe on 'ne JoD there
The Mayor, in cooperation with Mr.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04
Chamberlain to Introduce
Measure Proposing De-
partment To-day
Investigators Seek
To Finish Inquiry
Demand Action Rather
Than Expose of Wars
Shortcomings
By C. w. Gilbert

WASHINGTON, Jan. 3.-Members
of the Military Affairs Committee
think that the present investigation
into the War Department should be
brought to a close promptly. Il bill
will be introduced in the Senate to-
morrow by Senator Chamberlain in
favor of the creation of department
of munitions Of cabinet rank. The
members of the committee do not be-
lievc in time of war an investigation
should be allowed to drag on by going
into details. There is need of action
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04
Lloyd George Warns
OF Food Shortage
Says Britain, by Herself, May
Have to Sustain People,
Army and Navy

LONDON, Jan. 3.-Premier Lloyd
George has issued a strong appeal to
the agricultural laborcrs Of the king
dom to do their utmost to, increase the
production Of foodstutfs. The Premier
declared that the world shortage
means that eve may be compelled to
feed the army and navy as we'll as our
selves on what we are able to grow at
home"
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04
Irotzky Denounces
Teuton Peace Policy
AS "fIypocritical"
IDy TIE Associated pressl

PETROGRAD, Jan. 2.-The Bolshevik
Foreign Minister. Leon Trotzky, de-
clarcd to-day before the Central Com
mittee of the Council of Soldiers and
Workmen's Delegates that the govern
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04
Those Without Dependents
and Unskilled to Fill
u. S. Army
Crowder Asks Law to
Add 100000 Yearly
Wants to Include Annually
All Who Have Reached
FL Years
The Draft Figures

Official figures given out yesterday
by Prouost Marshal General Croav-
der shoac the folloacing results IN
regard to the draft:
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04
More Discord Alleged

the relations between Mr.. McAdoo and
President Wilson.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04
Democracy's Efficiency Shown

"But the great thing they were
called upon to do the- have done. The
vaunted efficiency of absolutism of
which the German Empire stands as
the avatar can offer nothing to COM
pare with it. 1t remains the ultimate
test and proof of the intrinsic polti-
cal idea upon which American insttu
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04
W EATH E R

Fair and continued cold to-day; to-mor-
row cloudy and not so cold, prob
ably snow; north and northwest
winds, diminishing and be-
coming southeast tonight.
Full Report on Page 8
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04
Cold Snap to Continue
a Week, 1t Is Pre-
dicted; 81 Schools
Are Closed
Temperature Record

Unofficial.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18
TO FOSTER PARENTS
OF FRENCH ORPHANS
INSTRUCTIONS RECEIVED BY
MOSCOW PEOPLE WHO HAVE
"ADOPTED" WAITS

The following letter has been re-
ceived by Moscow people who have
adopted" or offered to adopt
French orphans. 1t comes from the
| Spokane Committee Of the Father
less Children of France" and is adj
dressed to people in Moscow who are
caring for or have offered to care for
some of these. The letter follows:
We greatly appreciate your will
ingness to "adopt" a French orphan
for a year, and are forwarding your
name and that of the child to Paris to-
day. Owing to the great distance and
many causes of delay, we are request
ing you to wait at least two months
before writing to your adopted child.
With the first postal money order
sent there is letter which explains
to the child that he is expected to
write personally to his American
benefactor If within q reasonable
time you have not heard from the
child please notify US and we will
make inquiry.
Please make all payments to Mr..
Seth Richards, Spokane & Eastern
Trust company, Spokane, Washington
Sincerely yours,
Gertrude Lea Huntington,
Chairman.
172 Occur d'Alene St.,
Spokane, Wash.
1Oc keeps child day; $500 keeps
a child one month; $3.50 keeps =
child one year; $500 keeps child
two years.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18
So we own all the earth's sod.

So we own all the earths sod.
Now his talk don't agree with me,
And through his ideas, | can't see.
He claims to have communion sweet
With God, who at his feet
Helps him, his problems to solve;
How he can America dissolve.
Now he was planning that thing to do
And to take proud America, too,
And make the earth-every grain of sand
Belong to Germany-the Fatherland,
So he can run the universe
And make our Uncle Sam dispense.
But Uncle Sam had something to say.
He says: Come on boys be gay,
And at the bugle's first note
Well get the Kaiser's, goat
And show him thing or two
About running this world anew"
Are we not going to head his call?
And show our colors one and all?
If not by fighting for Uncle Sam
on sugar, wheat, and ham,
So now let us all begin
And buy Liberty Bonds this war to win
EVERETT H. METCALF-
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18
THE GERMANS ARE NOT
WHIPPED.

Warning comes from London and
Paris and Belgium that the German
army is not defeated. 1t is still intact,
retreating in good order and taking with
it most of the heavy guns and ammuni-
ton. The German army is not destroy
ed 1t is still powerful factor, more
powerful than the army of any two Of
sfe countries that are fighting Germany.
1t would be grave mistake to sup
2ose the war is about to end and Ger
many to surrender Internationally.
Germany is making desperate efforts to
get back on her own soil and prepare
defense that will be hard to break
down. She will rally all of her strength
to oppose the invaders and they will put
up a most desperate fight.
We are warned that the United States
must continue the war for months, at
least. The war department is issuing
calls now for men for next March, April
and May, and will send from $4,000 to
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18
+ I. + + + + + + = ! = = = 2 =
: MARKETS :

: MARKETS :
+ Z + + + + = + = = = 2 = = +
The following market quotations
are the prices paid to the producer
by the dealer and are changed daily,
thus giving the public the accurate
quotations in all classes of grain,
produce and meats.
Hay and Grain.
Wheat, Bluestem No. !, bulk,
net, delivered to warehouses $2.02h
Wheat, Bluestem, No. l, sacked
net, delivered to warehouses 211h
Wheat, Fortyfold, No. 1, bulk,
net, delivered to warehouses 2.021z
Wheat, Fortyfold, No. /, sked,
net, delivered to warehouses 2.11h
Wheat, White Club, No. l bulk,
net, delivered to warehouses 2.00h
Wheat, White Club, No. 1, sked
net, delivered to warehouses 2.093s
Wheat, Red Russian, No. bulk
net, delivered to warehouses 1.97h
Wheat, Red Russian, No. SKID
net, delivered to warehouses 2.06h
No. / Feed Oats sacked, per
hundred $500. BIB
No. Timothy Hay. $4,000
White Beans, per pound. ...... .06h
Produce.
Eggs, per doz.. .............4 Abe
Butter, creamery, per h.. n. :65c
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18

344,0O0 men per month to France for
the next six months.
To send these men and arm and equip
them and feed and clothe them after they
get to France will cost billions and we
are told that a fifth and sixth Liberty
loan will be necessary to complete the
war and bring these men back We cam
not afford to fail to put the fourth loan
lover the top" with an oversubscription.
"a "a "A
If the kaiser's armies do not hasten
the evacuation of Belgian and French
soil, he will not have enough of the
army left to make guard for the palace
at Potsdam.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18

articles must be discontinued as soon
as present supplies Of raw material
are exhausted and at once If its manu-
facture interferes with the fulfillment
of government orders. The board also
called for report of the stocks on
hand of wool felts and jackets used
In the manufacture of paper. Sugges-
tons were made to bring about the
greatest service Of those now in use
and to prevent destruction and waste.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18
Member of the Associated Press

The Associated Press is exclusively
entitled to tho use for publication of all
news dispatches credited to it, or not
otherwise credited, in this paper, and
also to local news published herein. All
rights of republication of special dis
patches herein are also reserved.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18
A WORLD SENSATION.

Our fourth Liberty loan has beer
characterized as nothing less than q
world sensation" 1t is in the German
empire that the progress of this huge
loan will be watched with greatest
wonder. In Germany, too, its success
will effect almost as important defeat
IS will the guns and shells purchased by
its dollars.
The German people have learned how
to raise $3,000,0O0,O0O loans. Eight times,
with great effort, they have met their
governments call for funds. And it will
seem unbelievable to them that any ma
ton can easily raise double the amount
of their standardized loans.
Suppose German newspapers could
truthfully print such headlines as these !:
AMERICAN PEOPLE FAIL TO
SUPPORT GOVERNMENT; or, AM
ERICA CANNOT RAISE ENOUGH
MONEY TO FINANCE THE WAR.
German hope would soar; personal hard
ships, hunger, lack of many of the
necessaries of life, would seem nothing.
They would imagine victory close at
hand and would unite with new thrill
of exultation to strike harder on the
battlefield Our failure in this loan
would prolong the war, cost us more
precious lives and countless more sacri-
fees, simply because it would restore to
the Germans that dwindling essential of
the will to win, the element of hope
On the other hand, the success of our
loan is going to do just the opposite
thing. 1t is going to increase German
doubts in their own ability, it is going
TO create that dark despair that weakens
morale and leads speedily to downfall
Let MS make this world sensation"
Cof ours such a huge success that the
blindest German cannot fail to read its
meaning and quake at the doom is spells.
Dubuque (Iowa) Telegraph Herald.
"a "a "a
THE SPIRIT THAT WINS.
81 am arranging to borrow money and
take $500 more of Liberty bonds" said
Moscow business man to the editor
today. Il have takena$5O0 and felt that
was all / could afford, but l want Mos
COW to raise its quota and | am doubling
up my subscription. We can put the
town and the county over the top if we
only make up our mind that we can and
will"
In another column is a communication
from Chris R. Hagan of the Hagan-
Gushing company He will increase his
subscription 50 per cent. He makes an
appeal that ought to be heard and bring
results He, too, is showing the spirit
that wins"
The communication from Mr. Jane |
son, whose grand young son gave his
life that you and / might enjoy free
dom and peace, is a touching appeal. Do
the people of Moscow care more for
2 "a per cent interest than for the lives
of the young men who have gone forth
to save us? God forbid Mr. Jameson
and his son have shown "the spirit that
wins" Have we not enough of that
spirit in Moscow to put the grand old
town over the top with some to spare?
Where is the spirit that secured and kept
the university for Moscow under the
most trying conditions' 1t is not dead
1t has just been sleeping.
Let us awaken it before 5 o'clock
Saturday evening 1t is the spirit that
wins"
"a "a "a
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18

SELDEN TRUCKS SOLD ON DE-
ferred payment plan. Write Rochester
Motor Co., 1912 Sprague Ave, Spo-
kane, Wash. 235-tf
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18
Chas. E. w alks
AUCTIQNEER

If you are going to sell and desire
my services, secure your dates as
early as possible. as I sell nearly
every day during the Sale Season.
The following are my sales and
dates for the next two weeks:
Friday, Oct. 18-W. NJ Hennen, at
Moscow.
Saturday, Oct. George Stewart, at
Moscow.
Monday, Oct. 21-Ernest Fleiger, at
Juliaetta.
Tuesday, Oct % r. L. Hollenbeck,
at Pullman
Wednesday, Oct 23-Mrs. M. Lowen,
at Genesee.
Thursday, Oct. 24-W. T. Cameron, at
Moscow.
Telephone 27S, Office; or 179 ]. my
Residence, if you desire date.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18

, Butter, ranch, per h.. soc
New Potatoes, per lib. ........ .O2c
Young chickens, per h.. ........ 16c
Hens, per b.. .12 1-2@15c
Old BOOSTERS, per b.. .O8c
Hogs, live W.T., light, per Id. I. /. 18c
Hogs, dressed, It,, per h.. .19@21c
Hogs, dressed, heavy, per lb. .18@19c
Veal, live w.t., per lb. .6@7c
Veal, dressed, per lb. 49,. .10@13c
Spring Limbs, per Id. ;. .10@12 1-2c
Mutton, per Id. 8@9c
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18
To Feed 65. OOO vanks

Chicago.-Charles Weeghman, presi-
dent OF the Cubs, has taken the Job
Of feeding $4,000 soldiers daily for the
government at the largest artillery
camp in the country, located at Smith
town, Ky.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18

Miss Francis Olson, who has been
visiting with her parents of this city,
left for her homestead near Great
Falls, Mont Miss Olson expects to
make an immediate improvement on
her land and make it her future
home.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18
FELT FOR SHOES UNDER BAN
Manufacturer Of Heel Pads and Inner
SoIes Stopped by War Industries
Board.

Observation-Disclosures shoes, felt
heel pads and felt inner soies are
doomed for. the period Of the war. The
war Industries board announced that
the manufacture Of felt used for
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-10-18
11ra 4asIvY

Far across the briny sea,
A tough guy, Kaiser Bill he,
In his own stuck-up way
Says on this earth he is going to stay,
Cause earth belongs to ME- and GOTT !,
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-04-06
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS.

lloyd VI peIApp NW 70 Eua N
Lambert. lbs IL. "a D rs. Highland lth
add. Ottawa. $500.
la Sale National Bank TO j f.
Donnelly. sGSft VIZ II "a b %. La Sale
50 Toe
John Treeouins and wife TO John
NJ. Loskll. pr sWli 10 Sc I. 81.
Marlin J. Alleman aud wife 10 VIM.
K Mariel, az ne cor net 20 I.
$l2t5
Frank Lipich and wife to Dommec
Cerace, II - b -. La Sale. 81
Horace W. Prentice and wife to los.
Clancy It 10 b Clark's add. North
Utica. $t.aoo.
Chtser F. Gatchell ct al to Cora d.
Br,ner l-5 int nl2 set. l7S2 =. s6.Nu1.
Ornheus Bailey and wife ct al o
Leslie II. Nanlanngham pit swi, nv
q, 10 - Sll.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-04-06
laps LAND FORCE.
At WAD|VOSTOK TO.
DEFEND EN- BASSY.
WASHINGTON SAYS ACT HAS No
PARTICULAR POLITICAL SleNl-
FiCRNcE - RUSSIANS TRY TO
ROB NiPPoNEsE ON PACIFIC
COAST.

Washington. April 6-Au armed
naval force Of Japanese vas landed
Friday from cruisers 10 guard the
japanese embassy at Vladivostot
The Intervention followed The kin
ing Of one japanese and the wound
ing of five others by Russians who
entered a japanese Office and demand
ed money
Future action OF the Japanese navy
win be influenced by The attitude Of
the Russians.
II is understood the japanese naval
force is ample 10 cope with any hos
tile move by the unruly element
The landing of the japanese was
reported TO the State Department late
today by the American consul Hip
10 a late hour details we're lacking.
The japanese embassy declined 20
comment. except TO say that the move
was in line with their policy 70 use
armed forces 10 guard the likes of
Japanese.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-04-06
WOMEN'S SOCIETIES
TO BUY BONDS

Springfield. Anril State orsani-
cations Of women thruou, Illinois are
cooperating with the Womer.s Lib
euy Loan Committee 10 the end that
they -han buy bonds ms organizations.
rhat they shall solicit -heir own mam-
hgrship and thar they shall lend such
Influences as is possible t0 The sue
cess of The loan iu tho community
The school, church and clubs arc
being left largely Ia the Women 3
Committee tn The Third Liberty Loan
drive. which opened tolay The vom-
en- viii work thru these three agencies
20 secure The sale Of Liberty Bonds
\ group Of enthusiastic young
women from ne Illinois Equal Sut-
rage association are working in the
drive under the leadership OF Miss
Amy Van Crdeuhroeck, OF Chicago.
These young patriots nave organized
a unit ana Nll work turnout the state
Of Illinois for the sale OF houds. Civ
Inc their special attention 90 suffrage
clubs
The district and county chairmen
of the STATE have kept touch win
church aud religious organizations
with tine result thdt sunday April i.
win be recognized as Liberty Day I'm
The churches. ANA patriotic ~ermon'
viii be preached.
ln some oanday.schoolS contests TOT
Liberty Bonds Viii Dc featured. Al
Beardstown. ILL.,. the churches have
co operated and have organized a LID
etty Loan quartet, under the leadel'
ship OF Francis IIIdt ana Ihe{ VIII
supply the campaign meetings !"
Beardstown win paitio'ic songs Nur'
ing me drive
In the Stllooi "oFA >tdtt-"Iue
plant VIII BE- used OUTSIDE OF LOOK
county Nltlih the metropolitan us
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-04-06

Camp Grant, Rockford, m Camp
Grants new Liberty lheater win be
opened today Saturday The occa-
sion viii be a grand affair Resimen-
tai officers will deliver addresses. cou.
certs by military bands ana musical
talent drawn from both the camp and
Chicago viii be on the 61l for the first
nights performance II will he The
largest building in the cantonmeut
The theater is complete in every de.
tail and viii stage any type OF metro
poiJan production Smilase books
will be sold 70 the select men A cam
paign for their sale has been in prog
ress during the past week and rela-
tives or friends having soldiers at the
cantonment are being urged to pur.
chase the books and gye them as
presents to the men.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-04-06
"It Sure Does the Work !"

Chanaeahlc weather and wet feet
mako March dangerous month FOR
coughs, cold Group and whooping
cough BE prepared to get prompt re,
lief Don't let q cold run into serious
sickness Mrs w II Thornton, 1923
W 10Th St, Little Rock, Ark, writes
My little boy had severe attack OF
Group and honestly believe he would
have died il II had not been for F0ey's
Honey and Tar Two doses relieved
6im ! would not be without il At any
price For sale by W y Duncan
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-04-06

win De the principal speakers ar the
conference tonight He will talk on
Democratic Ideals. lie will De FOL.
lowed by an address from Loris Ham
meriins president Of the American
Association of FOREIGN Languages. ON
LOYAL Press and People
The sessions will close t0Sp0rr0V
with special meetings Tar men and
women.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-04-06
ILLINOIS BRIEFS

Belleyille. While suffering from an
alteration. Charles Moody, big pow.
erinl man, released from an insane
asylum year ago. entered his moth.
ers room and was about 10 strike
her with an iron poker Your time
has not come yet" he said, and walk
cd away. later becoming raring and
taken in custody by POLICE
Dixon. Public schools here are
making gun wipes for the army
More than 10000 were made thru
contests in the various schools. Some
time ago call was received for g.
100000 gun wipes from he Junior Red
Cross Of this district, which comprises
five states.
Decatur Military training of schools
pupils here has been started BY James
Millikcn University mon, The cole
gians teach the students in the fifth,
sixth and seventh grades. the art Of
drills and other army exercises.
Whitehall Son Of Carnot. famous
Pcrcheron stallion. was burned to
death in q barn struck hy liahtnine
near here a half interest in the ami
nal had recently been sold for $30o0o.
\ dozen other blooded animals were
also destroyed
Quincy, Deaths al The soldiers and
sailors home here during the month
OF March totaIed fifteen. Twelve were
Civil war veterans and three soldiers
widows The oldest was IS and the
youngest rs