davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
WHY HUNS ATTACK
AMERICAN SECTOR
Aim Is to Hold Back Rein
forcements From British,
Officers Here Say.
PROSPECT OF NEW DRIVE

The heavy German attack upon Amer
lean positions indicated to officers here
that the enemy is anxious that the allieC
defending forces south of Nerdun be
not drawn upon too heavily in order tt
reinforce French and British positions
in the north.
Though no engagement of great impor-
lance is looked for at present IN the region
about st. Mihiel. it is likely that there
will be local forays there from time to
time, in which American troops will have
a much desired chance for action. The
onslaught in the sector held by Americans
IS taken as proof that the enemy is anx-
ious to keep many of the fresh Ameri-
can troops on quiet parts of the line as
it can.
This show of German activity in quiet
sectors would be good strategy. it is held
whether the enemy anticipates a counter
offensive by Gen. Foch or whether they
are planning another big drive of their
own.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
MARCONI is TO PRESS
FOR MUNITIONS INQUIRY

ROME. April 21.-Italian munition
purchases in the United States will
come up for discussion during the pres
ent session of the italian parliament
and may lead to fuller investi1 ion.
Senator Guglielmo Marconi today said
to the Associated Press:
'It is my intention to see this mat
ter to the end. 1t will be found that
I have sufficient evidence and also the
courage to present the facts"
Senator Marconi. in a speech at Rome
March ., urged the italian government
to adopt energetic measures concern
ing reported irregularities in purchases
made In the United States by the
Italian war mission. Two days later
the senator said he had not decided
whether he would accept the leadership
of the Italian mission to the United
States, which had been offered to him,
declaring that he was not willing to
shoulder certain financial scandals that
had arisen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
PRESIDENT OPPOSES
CHAMBERLAIN BILL
Writes MIR. 0verman Trial OF
Seditious by Army Is
Unconstitutional.
BRINGS US TO FOES LEVEL

President Wilson today came out in
opposition to the Chamberlin bill, which
would try violations of the sedition
laws by court martial. In letter to
Senator Overman of North Carolina the
President declared his belief that the
measure is unconstitutional
The President added that he thought
it. if enacted, would put US nearly upon
the level of the very people we are
fighting and affecting to despise.'
In his letter to Senator Overman the
President also indicated that he would
not compromise with opponents advo-
eating amendment of the Overman bill.
which proposes a broad general grant
of power to reorganize government de-
partments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
RUSH FOOD TO BELGIUM
U. S. Orders Ten-Day Suspension Of
Shipments to Civilians of
Other Allied Countries.

Food shipments to the civilian popu-
lations of the allied countries will be
suspended for ten days to move 3.0O0.-
600 bushels of grain to the Belgians,
who are declared to be in desperate
straits.
"A part of the wheat will go to the
population in the German occupied ter
ritory of northern France. The de-
cision to concentrate on the shipment
of this grain was made following the
receipt of urgent cablegrams from the
Belgian relief commissions representa-
tive in Brussels.
One of the cables said:
provided all shipments now en- route
arrive and proposing an equal distribu-
tion between all parts of the country,
Belgium and northern France will be
without bread from exotic grains for
twenty days"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
ORDERS REARGUMENT OF
WEST VIRGINIA DEBT CASE

The Supreme Court of the United
States today ordered a reargument of
proceedings instituted by the state of
Virginia to compel West Virginia to
pay a judgement Of s1o.3930 900 resulting
from suit to collect Virginia's civil
war debt.
The question of the courts power to
enforce the judgment will be especially
considered in the argument, which will
be heard next February.
In announcing the opinion Chief Jus
tice White declared that under the Con-
stitution there was no reason why West
Virginia should not pay the Judgment,
and if no effort is made to meet the OBJ
legation the court reserved the right to
appoint master to investigate the
financial situation in West Virginia and
it's taxable resources. with view to
enforcing the judgment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
R|CHTHOFEN, FAMED
HUN AVIATOR, KILLED
Brought Down Back of British
Lines-CIaimed Eighty
Victories.
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
WITH THE BRITISH ARMY IN
FRANCE, April 22-Baron Richthofen,
the famous German aviator. was shot
down and killed last night back of the
British lines along the Somme front.
Details of the death of the airman are
lacking. but as showing the temper of
British officers it may be said the cor
respondent heard the ardent hope ex-
pressed that Richthofen died fighting
in an air battle with a worthy op-
ponent rather than by being shot down
by anti-aircraft guns.
The German flying circus" leader
will be buried with military honors
today near the spot where he crashed
and an impressive ceremony Is being
planned by the British officials.
I LONDON. April 22.-An official state
ment reporting aerial operations issued
yesterday at Berlin said:
Baron Richthofen at the head Of his
trusty chasing squadron Con Saturday,
gained his seventy ninth and eightieth
victories"
Since Capt. Boelke was shot down in
October, 1915, Capt. Won Richthofen has
been the most prominent and success
full German aviator. On April the
German war office announced that he
had achieved his seventy-eighth aerial
victory. although in this as in previous
citations he was not credited explicitly
with having brought down an allied
airplane
Capt Won Richthofen first came into
prominence as leader of the flying cir
Gus. squadron of German aviators
which fought in peculiar circular
formation. following one another
aro"nd SO that In case one was at
tackled the next f1ier could sweep the
antagonist from the rear. Recently
Emperor William conferred upon him
the Order of the Red Eagle.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
Presidents Letter.
The Presidents letter follows:
MY Dear Senator:

The Presidents letter follows:
MY Dear Senator:
Thank you for your letter OF yes
terday, 1 am heartily obliged to you
for sonculting me about the court
martial bill. as perhaps l may call it
for short. ] am wholly and unalter-
ably opposed to such legislation, and
very much value the opportunity you
give me to say so. l think it is not
only unconstitutional. but that in
character. it would put us nearly upon
the level of the very people we are
fighting and effecting to despise IT
would be altogether inconsistent with
the spirit and practice of America. and
in view of the recent legislation-the
espionage bill. the sabotage bill and
the woman spy bill think it is un-
necessary and uncalled for
II take the liberty. my dear senator.
of expressing myself in this emphatic
way because my feeling is very deep
about the matter, as l gather your own
Is.
ut is admirable the way you have
been handling these important billS,
and I thank you with all my heart for
standing by the bill which bears your
name without any compromise of any
kind.
ut gives me the greatest satisfaction
to tell how much I have appreciated
what you have been doing.
CORDIALLY and sincerely yours.
WOODROW WILSON"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
BARON FRANKENTHURN
DIES AT HOME IN VIENNA
Had Served Three Times as Premier
of Austria, Last Term End
ing in 1911.

AMSTERDAM, April % - Baron
Gautsch Won Franlienthurn, former
Austrian premier. is dead at his home
in Vienna, says a dispatch today from
the Austrian capital
Baron Gautsch Won Frankenthurn had
been three times Austrian premier. his
last term in that office. a brief one.
coming to close late in 1911, nearly
three years before the outbreak of the
European war. His name had not
figured frequently since in Austrian
political chronicles, He was sixty-seveu
years of age. His father was a govern
ment employe and his title of baron
was an acquired one. conferred In 1889.
The baron's early essays in politics
were along educational lines, and he
was accounted a reformer of note dur
ing the years he was head of educa-
tional affairs in Austria. He met with
less success. however. in trying to COM
pose racial differences in the monarchy
during his partnerships. although he
bore Il considerable reputation as an
adept at compromise.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
NEW AIRCRAFT CHIEF
President Decides on Reorganiza-
tion of Production Program-Mr.
Baker Preparing Details.

A readjustment of the aircraft pro-
gram has been decided on definitely by
President Wilson, and Secretary Baker
has been directed to carry it out. 1t
was indicated today that man not
heretofore mentioned will be given full
charge of production.
Secretary Baker is working on the
reorganization plans. and an announce
ment proba bly, will be made within two
or three days. 1t was not indicated to-
day what changes in personnel might
be made or whether the aircraft board
itself would be reorganized. 1t was
intimated, however, that production
would be put in the hands of one man.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
L1CHNoWsKY UNDER GUARD
Former German Ambassador to Lon.
don Virtually Held in Chateau

GENEVA, Switzerland, April I'll
Prince Lichnowsky, the German ambas-
sador at London up to the outbreak of
the war. and the publication of whose
secret memorandum. which strongly
criticised the German foreign policy. is
soon to bring him before the German
courts. is virtually a prisoner at his cha
teau in Silesia.
He now is under police surveillance be-
cause, according to the Dussel;a,o fer Tag
blatt, a plan by which the prince intended
to escape to Switzerland before coming 10
li;.l has been discovered.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
PLEASED AT SHIP PROGRESS
Secretary Daniels Returns From
Three-Day Tour in New England

Returning to his desk today after a
three-day speaking tour in New Eng
land, Secretary Daniels expressed him
self as highly pleased. with the evil
dence of progress made in the ship
|, building plants which he visited. The
enthusiasm at the Seuantum plant was
''inspiring," he said.
''The men there are all on their toes
said Mr.. Daniels land it was an in
spiration to me to see the remarkable
development II su short time
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
HONORS FOR RAILROAD MEN.
Get French Decorations for Work in
Transporting Troops.

PARIS, April e1.-Premier Clemen-
ceau has signed an order of the day
praising the railroad workers for the
endurance and energy they have
shown in moving troops to the present
battle front Two high railroad Off
cials have been made commanders OF
the Legion Of Honor. two others have
been made officers of the order and
seventeen have been made chevaliers.
Twenty railroad men have been
awarded military medals.
The suggestion has been made that
trains be supplied with machine guns
as defense against airp1anes which
swoop down on them. especially when
tie t.ss.. i--i co.Gc 10 4. s.alds.ill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
DETROIT CAR MEN WARLIKE.
Present Ultimatum for Wage Raises
or Arbitration.

DETROIT. Mich, April 22.-An ulti-
matum requiring compliance by Tuesday
night with demands for wage increases
or arbitration of the entire matter in
dispute was presented today to the De-
troit United Railway Company by COM
mittee representing its conductors and
motormen here. The men demand in
creases of 13. IA and IL cents an hour
based OH length of service.
The company has taken the position
that wages cannot be increased unless
fares are raised. About $500 employees
are concerned III the dispute.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
BOMB MENACES LIFE OFFICE.
Official Calls It One of Most Danger
GUS He Ever Examined.

NEW YORK. April GA bomb con-
tanning f1ve pounds of dynamite and
declared by owen Eagan, inspector of
the bureau of combustibles, to be one
of the most dangerous he has ever ex-
amined, was found today in the door,
way of four-story building owned
and occupied in part by Life Publishing
Company, publishers of Life, in West
3lst street. The contrivance weighed
twelve pounds and was a foot long and
half a foot wide. 1t was wrapped in a
Philadelphia newspaper of date of
April 81.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
CONTEMPT CASE AGAINST
MINERS CHIEFS DROPPED

Upon the motion of attorneys for the
Hinchman Coal and Coke Company of
Wheeling. w. Va, contempt proceed
inss instituted by the company against
Frank j. Hayes, president, and nine
other officials and members of the
United Mine Workers of America were
withdrawn in the Supreme Court Of the
United States today.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
HOUSING BILL NEXT IN LINE.
Senator Swanson Hopes to Get 40
ton on Measure Today.

When the Senate met today Senator
Swanson, chairman of the public build :
inss and grounds committee, planned to
call up the $50 900 housing bill, of
which s10,000.000 is to be used in the
District of Columbia. and have it passed.
A speech by Senator Poindexter of
Washington dealing with labor condi-
tions on the Pacific coast prevented
Senator Swanson from getting his bill
up during the first two hours of the
session. If possible, however, he will
get action on the bill later today.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
RUSSIAN AMBASSADOR
LEAVES FOR GERMANY

BY the Associated Press.
MOSCOW. Tuesday, April l6.-Odolph
Joffe has been named Russian ambas s.
sador to Germany and is leaving Mos
COW tonight with his staff. On his way
to Berlin he will meet Count Won Mir
bach, German ambassador to Russia.
NJ. Joffe was chairman of the first
Russian peace delegation at Brest-
Litovsk. He is only thirty-four years
old and is a bolshevik socialist He
spent a long term in exile in Siberia.
and at one time lived in Germany
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
Aimed at Foe Propaganda.

Enactment of the Chamberlain bill
has been urged before the Senate mil
itary committee as necessary to stamp
out German propaganda. Vigorous OPP
position to it's passage has been devel-
oping and Senator Borah has sought
support of Senate leaders in his ef-
forts to defeat it.
The bill has not had the support OF
the Department of Justice. and Charles
Warren, assistant attorney general. re-
signed last week after. it was said.
his advocacy of the measure failed to
receive the support of the Attorney
General
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
Coffee Ship Ashore Off Barnegat.

BARNEGAT CITY. N. j., April 22.-
The Norwegian steamship Vindal. from
a South American port for an Atlantic
port with $4,000 bags of coffee, came
ashore on Barnegat shoal during heavy
fog early today. The stranded ship lies
almost on top of the United States trans
port Sumner. which was wrecked in De-
tember. 1915. The coast guard brought
ashore the Vlndals crew Of fifteen men.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
Gov, Manning's 9TH Son to Enlist.

GREENVILLE. S. c., April 22-
Vivian NJ Manning, the seventh son of
Gov Richard I. Manning. to offer his
services to the United States. will
shortly sell his business here and enter
the Army as private, he announced
today.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
AS to Third German Drive.

Which of those alternatives will de-
velop is the chief topic Of speculation
here If the Germans have the troops
officers say, their normal course would
be to make a third drive. One para
graph of the weekly war review states:
There are indications that should the
offensive here Gin Flanders) also fail
to lead to some definite results, the en-
emy may undertake a further and even
more powerful thrust
Officers believe that if. the enemy
should make this thrust the allied
forces will be in better position to
cessfully held the Huns from entering
Amiens or Hazebrouck. But some Of
ficers here are inclined to doubt wheth-
er Germany will find it wise to carry
out this program.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
British in Two Local
Operations Improve
Positions
FOE WORSTED IN ALL
EFFORTS TO ADVANCE
No Indications Yet Where Germans
Will Launch Next Great
Offensive.

While awaiting the next German blow,
now momentarily expected, Field Mar
shal Haig is taking advantage of the
comparative lull to strengthen his lines
in various spots.
Both north and south Of the Somme
and on the Lys battle front the brltish
defensive positions were improved in local
operations last night. Similarly. the Ger
mans made an attempt to push forward
their lines In the Mesnil region, north OF
Albert, in which sector they apparently
are preparing for some more important
movement. The British offered sharp
defense, however, and foiled the enemy
effort
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
Vary as to German Casualties.

Reports vary widely about the extent
Of German losses, but they all agree
that the casualties have been heavy.
Other points besides the aggregate loss
of men are to be considered. Divisions
have been disorganized so badly, that it
dence that the Germans were conserv-
ing man power to some extent is borne
out by reports of their throwing de-
pleted remnants of units back into the
fighting in Flanders before they nor
mally would do SO had they fresh REIN
forcements available.
While it Is estimated that there are
on the western front about forty Ger
man divisions not used in either drive.
this number of troops is needed to
hold southern parts of the line. and al
ready this portion Of the lines has been
thinned out as much as possible in
view of the strength of tho French de-
fenSiye force +--
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
Huns Troops Needed on West Front

indication that the Germans need
more troops on the western front for
another major operation also is seen in
the news that they have gathered up
still more units from the Russian front,
the east to aid the Turks, Bulgars or
Austrians. as had been anticipated.
1t Is believed here that if the Ger
mans show signs of making another
thrust Gen. Foch Is likely to let them
spend more force against the strong
defenses he is believed now to have
arranged. II they do not do so then
the Foch counter attack on major
scale Is looked for.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
Ruler of Anhalt Duchy Dead.

AMSTERDAM. April 22.-Duke Fred
erick IL. ruler of the German Duchy
of Arhait. is. dead at the Ballenstedt
castle. Lie was siAty vne years old.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
MOVES IN BELGIAN PLAN.
Be-lin Issues Decree Separating FL
nances of Flanders and Walloon.

AMSTERDAM. April 22.-The Nolks-
zeitung of Cologne says the German au-
thorities in Belgium have issued decree
directing that the finances of the Flemish
and Walloon districts shall be administer
ed separately. This. the newspaper as
serts, brings the independence Of Flanders
much nearer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
Fire All Along Line.

Heavy artillery fire Is in progress on
90 many parts of the front that little in
dication is afforded by this as to the point
selected by the Germans for their renewed
thrust Naturally they may be expected
to make further efforts to extricate them
selves from the pocket into WI ch they
have forced themselves along the Lys,
southwest of Ypres Thus, last night the
enemy was reported shelling the British
positions in Nieppe wood, whence lies the
route to Hazebrouck. the railway center
from which it is wellnigh vital for the
British to hold him.
There has been no new development
in the region north of Ypres, where
the Belgians stopped turning move
ment last week, preventing the British
from being flanked out OF the fpres
positions. The nature of the ground
and the disposition of the opposing
forces make it seem proba BILE that a
repetition of the attempt is to be
looked for.
Somme Region Closely Watched.
The situation in the Somme region
is being for the moment even more ore
Franco Belgian border. TO the north
Field Marshal Haig reports heavy shell
ing of the British lines on both sides
OF the Somme and the Ancre. and the
correspondents are sending word or
German preparations for a movement
Of some nature between Arras and
Aniens, within which the region under
bombardment Is located.
The enemy is known to have brought
up some of the heaviest guns to the
soinme battlefield. where Amiens Is his
objective but the entente artillery is
matching these and hampering the Ger
mans severely in their preparations for
attack Last night the French repulsed
a German raid along the Avre in this
region.
Today the German offensive begins
its second month without having sep
arated the British and French. and with
the British army still intact.
Evidence of German Losses.
Evidences of the losses the Germans
have sustained in the new offensive
daily are becoming more apparent. In
addition to the reports OF the numerous
dead which strew the battlefelds, ad
vices coming through Holland are to
the effect that hospitals, monasteries.
converts and schools in Belgium are
filed to overhowing with wounded and
that even private homes are being
tie cars in which hay is the only bed
ding, are being used to transport
MANNED men from the battle front.
That a great sea battle is In pros
Following up their recent foray into
the CattSgat. where they destroyed
German trawlers, British naval forces
have penetrated into Helgoland blight
and offered battle to the German war
ships, which retired behind the mine
fields. The British opened hre on the
Germans at long range and one Of the
enemy destroyers was hit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-04-22
u. S. Troops Recapture
Positions Taken From
Them Saturday.
FIRMNESS UNDER FIRE
FOILS ENEMY PURPOSE
Terrific Artillery Action Declared
to Have Equaled That
at Verdun.

Having withstood a violent German
infantry attack in force. the American
troops on the American sector northwest
of Toul have driven the enemy from the
positions he gained Saturday and have
restored the position completely. The
main positions held out against the
enemy, but he occupied advance ele-
ments from which he was elected Sun
day by the Americans in a counter at
tack. To the east the French lines also
have been re-established.
Purpose Of Attack.
Indica tions are that the Germans In
tended to make the attack the start of
an effort to separate the American and
French troops and. perhaps, wipe out
the American sector. Gen. Pershing's
men, however, fought desperately and
only retired from Seicheprey before
overpowering numbers. The enemy
was not able to hold the village and
soon evacuated it.
After the Americans had driven the
posts the enemy did not attack again,
and Sunday was comparatively quiet
east of ST. Mihiel.
Artillery Fire Terrific.
The German offensive. which persisted
throughout the day and into the night,
was preceded by most violent artillery
fire. but the Americans were undis-
mayed and stuck to their guns and
trenches to meet the enemy storming
troops. Two German airplanes were
brought down by American machine
gunnerS.
Berlin. in its official statement, de-
scribes Saturdays action lengthily. Ad-
mission is made that the Fighting was
severe and it is claimed that 1873 Amer
leans, including five officers. and TWEEN
fy-hve machine guns were captured
Heavy losses. it is said. were inflicted
by the Germans. That the effort failed
OF its purpose is indicated by the an
nouncement that the attackers re-
turned to their own positions under
cover of night. Berlin makes no mem
ton of French troops having been en-
gagged in this region