davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1918-07-05

To all whom " may concerns:
Take notice, that pursuant to a resolution
certified under my hand and the seal of the
CITY of Owosso, the Commission OF the said
June. A.O 1918, at 7:s0 o'cl ,ck In the afternoon
OF said Gay as the time when this Commission
will meet at the office OF the Com mission and
hear objections 10 the vacating, discontinuing
Milwaukee street in said City ofOwosso named
in annexed resoiut on. Objections may be fled
In my office 10 writing by any person inter-
ested up and until the day and hour above
mentioned. The annexed resolution was passed
by the Commission Of said City on the Gath
cav OF June, A. ID. 1918 and In pursuance OF
said resolution this notice is given.
Resolution No. z.
Resolved, by the Commission OF the City of
Owosso, that 1t Is hereby deemed advisable to
vacate discontinue and Abolish the following
parts and portions OF Milwaukee street In said
City of Owosso, to wit: Commencing at the
point where the east line OF Michigan avenue
extended south would intersect said milwaukee e
street
BE 1t further resolved that this Commission
appoint Monday, the 18th day OF July, A. d..
1918, at T:30 oclocs In the afternoon of said
day, as the time when this Commission will
meet at the office of theCommission of said City
and hear objections to the vaca ing, discontinu-
ing and abolishing of said streets and parts of
streets.
The City Clerk is hereby directed to give
notice according to the terms of said Charter OF
copy of this resolution and shall be published
for not less than two weeks before the time
appointed for such meeting in one of the news
papers in the City of Owosso.
II. HAwCRoFT,
City Clerk.
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1918-07-05

statesmen WANTED to solicit or.
ders for lubricating oils, greases and
paints. Salary or Commission. Address
THE HARVEY OIL Co., Cleveland, Ohio
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1918-07-05
La Won ]. Fatal, Oph. D.
Eyesisht Specialist and
OptOmeterist
Second FIoor-ll2 S. Washington ST.
Notice for Appearance.

STATE OF MICHIG AN-Thirty fifth Judicial
Circuit.
Suit pending In the Circuit Court for Shia.
wassee County, In the City of Corunna, said
County. on the 18th day OF May, A. ID. 1918
Alkaline Channon,
Gordon Miller.
plaintiffs,
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1918-07-05
HUMPHREYS

The fun list OF DR.. Humphreys Remedies for
internal and external use. meets the needs OF
families for nearly every ailment from Iriancy
TO old age-described in DR.. Humphreys Manual
mailed free.
The Owosso times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1897-1926, 1918-07-05
Notice of Proposed Closing Of Stree

Business address, Owosso. Mich.
The evening herald., 1918-01-04

Washington Jan President today laid before cor
pc, session, hi, recommendations for carrying
ont government operation railroads Bills the
already had been prepared undo" the supervision OF
The dcnnr,ncnt of Justice and were Immediately with
plans prompt consideration IN both house and senate
The president spoke aN follows
Gentlemen Of Congress asked the privilege of a
dressing order to report that on the 2N ct December last
during the recess OF congress- acting through 'h secretary o Wa"
and under the authority conferred upon me by III" act m congress
approved % 1871 took possession and assumed control Of
the railway lines oi IN" country ahd h' systems q" wafer aor"
control This seemed be mp'rHtivcy norr
sar interest of the public welfare the presence OF the great
takS of with Mhrh W" are now deahg AS our experience
develops difficulties and makes clear what they are have deemed
my duty those difficulties wherever hav" the legal
do To assume control OF the vast railway systems
country realize heavy responsibility but to fail to do
existing would have been much
assumed the less responsibility rather than the w'ighf am sure
speaking the mind of all thoughtful Americans when
duty the Representatives of the nation to o every
that 90 10 secure the complete mobilization
whole of America 10y rapid and effective means
Transportation supplies all the arteries of m"bila
Unless be under single and unified direction the Who'll"
process of the nation action Is embarrassed
Ii was in the true spirit of America, right,
should effect the micaon under the youn
critics and we did try IT. The directors "i the rrodN r'Np" 10
need promptly and generously The group OF railway executives
performed their task with patriotic zeal and marked ability
have been expected and d believe veryihng tW
possible them 20 do the circumstances II have taken 'ho
task ont of their hands has not been h'aNc q" amy dnr' @"
part but only because there things which
value most highly tn" advice ana assistance o these gen
cucl mdin am sure we shall find them Withholding
1t had become Enthusiastically PLAIN that only under government
administration can the rhr equipment o h' S'N'r" NN'''N I"
transportation hc fully and mrcScrvcdy thrown into common SER
only under government administration can a" absolutely "hf>r
cd and uncmbaracd be made of all tracks terminals
terminal facilities and equipment oi every KIND Only under 'hh
authority new terminals be constructed ana developed without
regard requirements limitations particular roads M
under government administration all these things VIII be possible
not instantly hu as last aS practical dn'r''' "heh can " n'
merely courcd away! give way before the management
The administration will b" carried ont with as little
disturbance Of the operating organizations and personnel of
the railways ~ foNNl'
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
MANY PROMOTIONS OF
ARMY OFFICERS MADE
BY PRESIDENT WILSON



Washington Jan HrIgadicr
General raytou g. March major gem
cr1l iu the national army. was today
nominated hy rrcifeut Wilson nH
major general In the regular army
Hurajirr General Edwin H Rabbit
ordnance department was nominated
tp DO" hrirndicr general ~ the regu.
lar army rh" following we're nonI-
ult"d tp bee maiot generals IN the
national Jru,
iirIEadl'r Generals william g.
Laurfitr John D. Mcmahon and Wi
liam g. lilHu
Tho iofluWiur ruluuels were noni-
mated 90 Dee hr,ralicr generals in the
national ARMY
John - Mcdonald Edward A M.
icr. pcroscS g. Cah,l Thoud, 70
E-ese George W gat,hoil f. q.
Lochridgo samuel y Mcclure Peter
a. Harrs Muurpc Mcfarland Wi
liam u samplr Ell 3 IcmIck John
S Wun Robert D.. iioW-c Clement
4 F EHglrr Charles -. shudct
William ~ Harr, charles Crowfuri.
william s. Graves Frank % Webster.
Joseph - Lcttch. ituI. - Alexander
William a.. Davis. Francis g. MAJ.
shall E'Eur J1dwiu Jumc. N Gyau.
Fryd ~ -lad.u. Harr ~ Haudhults.
Peter MURRAY Paul A Wolf Tie
mann N Horn. Palmer y. Pierce ud
william Chamberlain
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
VOLUNTEERING NT-TITtDE
Is ASSUMED ~ GERM Any

pctrograd Jan. i.--ptsclosur" Ot
detail- Of the Brcst- litovsk peace ne
rotiatiuns makes it cleFr that Ger
many assumed d0mincorug atti-
tudc. while Austria, bulgaria and
Turkey were very conciliatory and
disagreed with the German position
There are many difference also
among the German dclogntcs during
the general meetings Foreign Min
ister Won kuchluaun and General
Hoffman clashcd openly Germany
posed constantly ns cunIueror, while
her three allios showed cagorncss for
peace and e disposition to compro-
mise
\ statement issued hy the bolsh"'
Wiki emphasizes the fact that the en-
emy delegations now in Pc'rogrnd
hove uu diplomatic standing ana are
here merely to arrnng" "details grow
nr out uf the armistic" such HH IN"
exchange Of prisoners and the re-
sumption Of postal service.
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
KERENSKY WILL PUT
RUSSIA IN ORDER, is
OPINION OF RELATIVE


san Francisco Jan. g. Vladimir
Batanoytky. vho aid he was related
hy marriage to former Premier Allen
andcr Kerersky 81 Russia, arrived
here Yesterday with hi wife nom
Russia. Accompanying them was
Rear Admiral r Bosse of the Russian
navy. who took prominent part boo
the Buss,-Japtr"-e War and has
"a eted ln au advisory capacity tu inc
Hussiau naval forces n this war
NJ RhranoN SKY i- the son ~
muultion- manufacturer known as tho
"Kupp uf Rus-iu tie n mere i'
study American railroads and 90 intro
ducc methods in the rcha nilitaIon 90
the Russian siberian lines Wis sister
h. the wife OF kercn-kN. he said.
The BuluhrNiki in Russia cannot
last long in the opipion ~ the WIS.,
itors Who said kerensky was in hid
ing awaiting AN opportunity % az
sert himself and gain the upper hand.
"kerensky .- a strong man and
very SIX one said Mrs. naronoNslSN.
"Hc IL the strongest llNsslan. l was
the last to see him before he fled 20
Finland to escape the RolsheNiki tie
stood d as long a. he could and did
his hest to guide the Russian ship "t
state even standing out ayaini inc
sacrifice uf his life At the psNcho'"-
rival moment he win re-appeur ana
/, put Russia in order
The evening herald., 1918-01-04

large financial operations every Nou'
necessary I'M connection with the
maintenance operation ana develop
mont of the roads should during the
period OF the war hc wisely related
10 the financial operations ut the gov
crnmcnt our first du,y is Of course.
to conserve the common 'tercsts and
the common safety and tu make GER
tain that nothing stands iu the way
of the successful prosecution OF the
great war for lhortN and Justice hpt
II g. an obligation nf puhio conscience
and ~ public honor 'hHt the private
Interests We disturb eNuuld he kept
safe from unjust injury and II is OF
the utmost consequence Z" IA" gov
orpmeut itself that Jl great financial
operations ~hoult - stabilized and
coordiuatod with the financial opor-
Jtions of the government No hor-
rowing should ran Hthwart the hor-
rowings uf the federal treasury and
me- fundamental values should any
where he unnecessarily impaired In
the hands ut small investors iu the
country us well .,e 200 national banks,
iu insurance companies, in savings
hnnks. In trust companies, I'm tnaucia!
agencies uG ovcry Nuu, railway see
curities. the sum total uf which runs
M To some ten ur cVrl"u thousand
millions. constitute vital part ot the
structure of credit and the unqucs-
toned soldity of that structure must
he maintained The secretary ot war
and easily agreed that, la view of
the MANY compirN interests which
must hr stfrguard,d and harmonized
~ well us because ~ his exceptional
rNporioncc and ability ln this new
field ~ governmental action, the Hon
william q. McAdoo was the right
man to assume direct administrative
rontroI nf this new executive task
Al our request. he consented to as
sume the authority and duties of Or
ganizer and drector-general "f the
now railway administration. l;c has
assumed those duties ana his work u
an active progress. II is probably too
n,uch To eNpect ;hGt even untor th'
unified railway administration whici
will NOW he possible sufficient econ
nmi.y can he affected In the opera
tinn of the railways to make u pos
siblc tn add 80 their equipment and
extend their operative facilities a'
much ns the present extraordinary de
mands upou their use VIII render de
sIrnhia without rcsurtinr tn the ma
tional treasury for the FUNDS. n o.
mot hossihlo. IL VIII of course he nee
cssar, 10 resort to congress for grant
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
Clinchfiield Navigation Company
Squeezed Fortune Out of the
Government in a Deal Involving
Ship Building Contracts
U s. FLEET CORPORATION
HEAD BAREs HUGE STEAL
-Four Ships Under Construction
at Seattle Sold at Profit of
$420,0O0, Later Contracts Net.
ted Them Balance of the Sum.

W NNH''''H'fN NNFsr
Washington. % e.. Jan 4 .prnftt,s
amounting to more than million
dollar were made rs the CInrhfi.Id
NavtratIpu company 900 u deal iuvnly-
ing government ship building con
tracts according to testimony today
hctor" the senate commerce commit
To-" iuv"Stigating the ship building
program
This was disclosed o., Theodore r.
F"rris chief constructors Tor the emer-
gcncy fleet corporation, and hy the
report hy a district sofncer Of the
shipping board az todays hearing
The 'linchfield corporation. Il was
declared, sold To the government four
rhips under construction Tor the com
panN iu the yards nf the sloane shin
Yard corporation of Seattle. making
70 profit of si2o.o01 aud later oh
tained Tor the Dloane corporation con
tracts Tor twelve more ships on which
u made five per cent profit
Seunturs Questioned MIR Ferris
CLOSELY regarding reasons Tor letting
contracts for the tW"lyc ships to the
'lInchf"ld corporation. an owner. not
q hull'rr of ships. ana expressed dis.
satisfaction over % deal hv which the
corporation sold a. the government
the four ships at price so much
higher than % wpt paving tor their
construction
M Ferris declared he knew moth.
INK 't the financial arrangements but
admitted recommending the Clinch-
field corporation 10 General Goethaiq
ln a letter The committee asked that
tho letter Doe produced tomorrow
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
Won HERTL|NG, SICK
AND INF IRM. MAY Be
PUT INTO DISCARD
Berlin Hears That Present Chan.
oellor Will be ousted Won Beu
low Slated for His Place Peace
Farley Is to be Resumed

By Arsoratrd rrrs.
lulrss there .s CHAINS, boa utlgulI
plans th" cmle,urios ct Rusgp lud
the central powers Will meet today 'u
continue their DISCUSSION of peace
terms which lhr RoishcyIki have dc
clnrcd are unacceptable Russia +.
delegates have proposed th.a the Cou-
florence meet in stockholm which 10
agreed Co hN the Germnus viii make
Tor delay.
\ news dispatch received in Lon.
don SAYS the Russians have mtdr
counter proposals to the Germans u
is added hat they will ba discusso
90 the next meeting az Eret-l.Itu, sk
ON saturday Hhieh would WdIoui'
the Russuns have not persisted in
their demand that future mc"luEs be-
held ON neutral soil Tho new Russian
proposals cali for complete evacuation
of u'cupicd territory pending refer
cIdum ON solf-dcuuitiou.
Reports that the German and Aus
trian emperors and their miliiar, and
political advisers are much pertuned
over the Russian attitude are followed
hy one that Couu; Won Hortling ~"
German Imperial chancellor. BE- ill.
Berlin political circles have q rumur
that Won Herthng. who d. - Years old
b. to be- nustcd In favor OF Prince Won
BuoluW, the former chancellor. who
rs very close Co the Germuu CROW "a
prince
Forecasts that llussin's refractory
attitude regarding the German peace
terms. coupled with home objections
% them would lead the German gov
eminent To- put the situation hefor"
the rcichstag n some form were made
good hy today's news ~ the appear
ance of Chancellor Won Hertling be
fore the reichstag's main committee.
The chanccllor's statement concern
ing the clauses In the German terms
which the Russians have rejected was
~ an indefinite nature, merely dccldr-
ing that the outcome of the incidch
might be- awaited cheerfuily In rell-
ancc upon Gcrmany's strong and cor
rect position and her loyal intcu-
tions" He announced that the Rus
sian proposal FOR the transier"uce OF
the negotiations 60 stockholm hua
been rejected
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
To CONDUCT
INTERN NTiONNI kIIAIitS

Amsterdam. Jan. g. According u"
q Telegram from Br"st-I.it"vak' P"a'"
delegates from Ikruinr have arrived
there aud reported thlt IA" Ikrainihn
government is' preparing tn conduct
us own international affairs every
whore
\ telegram from warsaw SAYS a
special trim carrying th" peace deli
gates OF the central powers mas
passed through there on the way 20
Brcst- -Iitnvsk ON the invitation "i
the German foreign minister Dr. won
kuchImanu. Professor Emil uplik. on
artist. viii go To- Rrcst Litovsk, q"
sketch the assembled peace a"l"Ehi"s
The evening herald., 1918-01-04

Soothing viii hc altered or dis
turhcd which II is not necessary &"
disturb. We are serving the public
interest and safeguarding the public
safety. but We are also rcrarclul nt
the interest uf those hN whom these
great properties are owned aud glad
10 avail ourselves ~ the experience
and trained ability of those who have
hccn managing them u b. necessary
that the transportation of troops and
at war matcrinl Of food and uf fuel,
aud uf everything that rs necessary FOR
She FUN mobilization ot the oU'"gics
and resources uf tho country should
hr nrst considered. hut ~ is clearly
In thc public interest also tha' tine
ordinary activities and the normal
individual ana commercial nc" ot the
country should hc iuterfcrcd with and
dislocntod as little as possible and the
public may rest assured that the in-
tcrcst ana convenience ~ the private
simmer viii De as carefully served
and safoguardcd as h. rs possible 10
serve and safeguard t iu tn" pres
ont extraordinary circumstance.
while the present authority e the
executive suffices for all purposes of
administration. and while. of course.
am private Interests must tor the
present Civ" way Ia the public me-
ccssity. ~ is I am sure YOU viii agree
with me. right and necessary mat tho
owners and creditors ot the railway.
ho holders of their stacks and bonds.
should receive from the government
am UNQUALIFIED guarantee that their
properties viii ho maintained
throughout the period of federal con
trul IN as good repair aud as com
pIoio equipment ~ az present and
that the several roads will receive
under federal management such com
ponsation aH rs equitable and iust
alike to their owners and to the gen
oral public would suggest the aN
arlrc net railway operating income
of tho three years ending June go.
rai- earnestly recommend that
these guarantees he given hy appro-
urintc legislation and given as
promptlv as circumstance permit
~ need not point nut IN" essential
Justice ~ such guarantees and their
great influence and significance az
clements In the pl cseut financial and
industrial situation of the country
Indeed ono 90 tho strong arguments
for assuming control Of the rilroad'
nt ihi. time h. the financial arru-
ncut n D. necessary that the values
of railway securities shouts 10" iustl'
and fairly protected aud That th'
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
FIRST LAP OF WAR
SAVINGS CAMPAIGN
VERY GRATIFYING
Reports Received at Headquar
ters, Although Incomplete, In
dicate That Sales Are Growing
Rapidly; Outlook Is Bright

~ Associated ptuss
Washington IAN Although
complete figures are unavailable. rec
ports received at headquarters of the
national war savings committee here
at the end of the first month of the
war savings uampaigu show that sales
are growing rapidly and that the cam
pJign Is meeting with mn enthusiastic
tnd patriotic response
Sales for future months ~ said.
viii show material increase over tho
first months returns said am an
uouuccmcut from the treasury depart
ment Much of the time since the
opening ~ the campaign December
Bird has h"ou spent in pcrfcetiug or-
SANITATION. This work now is pr1c
tically completed
The constantly increasing number
of agencies and the splendid spirit uf
cooperation which o. being shown hs
both business and social organizations
is highly encouraging praCtiClIlF
every railroad. express and steam
ship company, bank ana trust COM
uany has Joined lu the campaign. sup
plcmcnting the sales of stamps in eN-
cry pnstufficc. bank and trulu COM
puuN In the country and ny 3un,ohu
postmen working under the direction
of Postmaster General Burlesou
a comprehensive plan Tor "stah-
lishing Over the counter sales ~
stamps wherever possible is now heins
worked out ana plans for obtaining
cooperation of school children. The
Boy Scouts, fiytternal ana religious on.
gauznt,ons labor unions, chain stores
farmers unions. theatrrs aud the mo-
tion picture houses aud fnur-uliuut"
speakers are being rapidly put int" ci
foot ''
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
VOTED REGULARLY FOR
YEARS, BUT NOW CLAIM
TO BE ENEMY ALIENS
Nv Associated Press

omaha, Nob. Jan a. serious
menace has developed I'm answers 90
the questionnairc filed with the Ne
hraska exemption boards which show
thousands Of Germans who have taken
out their first papers and, under IN"
Nebraska laws have been voting Tor
ltars. have cnimcd exemption from
army .arvico on the ground that they
are enemy aliens From Scutis Bluif
county alone 536 such answers have
locu received from men Nhu have
been voting regularly Frank a. N'n-
uedy, chairman ~ the trst district
exemption board. BE- authority for ih'
statement thai literally thousands of
first papers voters are tlaiminE lu
he enemy aliens and exempt FROM
military service,
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
SEVENTH WAR LOAN OF
HUNGARY is FAR SHORT
OF MAXIMUM FIGURE SET

London Jan subscriptions 20
Hungary. seventh var loan ioialieu
600 600 600 kronen whereas the gov
efnmcnt expected 5000 .o0o,ooo kro-
pon telrsraphs the correspondent 'i
Amsterdam nf the Exchange Te-
crraph company Most ~ "a" SUD
scfiptions we're forced nn the leadins
hanks. the message adds.
5S to go to worE tnter the proNi-
slons ~ tn bul nll men would he
required to register and the Cover
me-. could assign them 90 work either
Cor the state or for private employ
crs recurring help Mrs Emo -nid the
bul would he introduced hN Nsf'W-
hIymau Decker of queens county.
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
SWEEPING CHANGES IN
MEMS CLOTHING ARE
PREDICTED BY EXPERT

Ncw york Jan t-'pcr ton.
trousers. pinch back" coats French
ncinEs. mu.y flaps and patch pockets
are IN, latest mNurics tu Dee offered
as a sacrific. 20 economy I'm uu adj
dress here ON cloth economy before
delegates from virtually every cloth
ing center ion the United states NJ.
cutter. % member oi the commercial
economy board cited some Of th"
limitations iu mems clothing that had
been decided upon as 90 conservation
mcu sure.
Al ,okes and p,cats AIr Co Doe cln-
mated. Mr.. cutter said, as we'll a.
outside penny pockets, double breasted
sack coats and vests and cloth h"ltS
On coats.
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
Albuquerque, New Mexico, Friday, January 4, 1918.

of money for that purpose The sec
rctar, Of the treasury viii advise with
your committees with regard to this
very practical aspect of the matter
For the present, suggest only the
guarantees / have Indicated ana such
appropriations M are necessary ~ the
outset OF this task take the liberty
OF expressing the hope that the con-
grcss may grant these promptly and
urgrudEinEly We are dealing win
great matters aud viii I um suro
deal with them - eatly
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
CLOSE SALOONS TO SAVE
FUEL, BUT LET SCHOOLS
RUN, DEMAND OF ANTS

New York Jan. l--'' harging that
IL is ID monstrous thing FOR schools u"
be closed tor lack of coal while VA
looms are running William ". An
der.on. state superintendent ~ the
..nti-saloon league of New York to-
dnv sent lrticr to Mayor Hylan
calling ON him to request Cove. non
whitman tp CLOSE the saloons n,''
for the duration of IN" Nal. ne
letter cities similar action taken ~
Sew Rochelle u- indicating the pow
cr- at the governor in the matter
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
CALLED SOLDIERS BUNS;
COMRADES PAINTED HIM
YELLOW; LOST HIS JOB

Waterloo. Ia. Jan 3 Frank Rru-
nor. 10 machiuIst at tho Illinois CEN
tral railroad shops here expressed au
opinion that "cighty-n,c per cent OF
the American soldiers are buns Nrs
tcrday afternoon The shupwcr paint
ed him yellow from head to feet ana
the company approved fh' JOB las as
charging him. Bruncr Is q German
llussiau - years iu the United states
and fprty wears old. lu the back ui
his watchcase ne carried picture
~ the kaiser
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
CHAIRMAN HURLEY OF
SHIPPING BOARD ASKS
FOR BIG APPROPRIATION

Washington Jan. chairman
Hurley of the shipping board today
asked congress for tN2,ooo.ooo for nc-
puisition or establishment Of ship
building plants in addition 10 th'
si65. 600 600 heretofore asked toT thr
next fiscal wear he alsu asked Tor
increase of authority Tor coustrnc-
,iuu 90 ships from Ste3i. 600" 4"
xi.Sgs.nOO 00O
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
sUFF LEADER WOULD
COMPEL EVERY MAN IN
STATE TO co TO WORK

Inmaicn y N. I.n a. Mrs. Al
fred Emo. suffrage l.tlcr Of Queen ~
county. announced a' o meeting here
last nirht that -hc I'D dras'ed Tor
iutroductiou m thr .'islature hill
which would comu. every uan ~
the state between th, ages of rs and
The evening herald., 1918-01-04
CONGRESS PROMPT ON PRESIDENTS
PLEA ADEQUATE LEGISLATION TO COPE
WITH RAILROAD SITUATION IN THE NATION

Following Mr. Wilson Address Joint Session
of the Lawmakers Bill Is Introduced Embodyng His Recon-
mndaons During Federal Control the Traffic Lines Are Guar
antee Equal the Average for Three Years Ending
June 80 1917 All Revenue the Standard Return Is
to be the Property of the United States