Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-07-28

Blk months OF bicody lighting the at
tempt was given up. and the British
began ovaCuating Gallipoli Peninsula
on December 10. 1915. completing II the
following month
E"!cHria having entered the war In
the mc3nw bile. the central powers set
out TO c-USh Serbia and Montenegro In
tn" auturln Of 1915. On December ..
1873. the Danube was forced. and after
winter OF lighting the Germans, -hue-
TRANS ana BulgarS had pushed down
INTO Greek Macedonia. overrunning all
OF Serbia ant Montenegro. and nearly
all OF Albania.
british EXTEND LINES
FAR BEYOND BAGDAD
Tho fall OF 1915 was marked also
by two important allied campaigns in
turkey. one of which has continued
under way ever since. The Russians,
having suffered defeat on their west
ern front. turned their attention to
Turkey. and Grand Duke Nicholas was
- mt INT" the Caucasus to direct the
operations Turkish Armenia and
Persia were invaded, while British
forces were landed in MesOpotamia
from the Persian Gulf. The object
was for both OF these armies to join
hands. but the Russian drive collapsed
with the revolution in March, 1916
The British. although beaten at times,
continued their campaign. eventually
ing their lines about 400 miles inland
from the Persian Gulf. This success
has put an end TO the Pan-Germans'
dream or an uninterrupted comm ercial
route from Hamburg to the Persian
Gulf via the orient and Bagdad rail-
ways.
During the carly part OF the winter
or 1916 Germany had been collecting
huge armies and enormous masses OF
artillery north OF Verdun. On Feb
ruary Il. 1916. the great Verdun often
siHe opened with the German Crown
Prince supposedly in command of the
Teutonic forces. After six months of
eventually were thrown back from the
ground they had won astride the Meuse
at frightful cost of blood.
In the meanwhile. Italy had entered
the struggle, declaring war against
Austria on May 23 1915 Genral Ca
dorna's armies had been gaining
steadily al! along the line. and it be-
gan TO look as though they would
break through the whole Austrian
front and take Trieste. 1t was year
before Austria could get any first
class offensive operations under way.
The first drive was made in Trentino.
but il FELL fiat.
Three allied oTcnsives were under
way in the summer Of 1916:
J. by the British In Artois (northern
Francc).
9. By the Russians in Galicia
3. BY the Italians on the Isonzo front
(near Gorizia)
Roumania vas caught in the vortex
OF the war in August, 1916. She be-
gan with triumphant invasion of
TransylVania hungary, but the drive
was short lived. ~ great force Of Ger
mans mans, Austrians, Bulsars and Turks
had been secretly gathered by the Ger
man army command. Led by Won
Fa!k=nhayn Former chief of the Ger
man general staff, Won Mackensen and
an Austrian archduke. they threw back
the EoumananS. and by February. 1917.
had overrun the greater part OF Rou-
mania.
Now came the collapse of the Rus
sian armies and the breaking up OF
the eastern front, following the Rus
sian revolution and the abdication of
eX-Czar Nicholas on March H. 1917.
But while events seemed to be favor
inc Germany in the east the German
high command looking with
alarm at the allied preparations In the
west IT was decided TO forestall an
allied offensive by means of n "stra-
tegic retreat; so, on March IL the
great retirement to the Hindenburg
line began The Germans gave up
l,$oo square miles Of French soil. fall
ing back on l0o-milc front from Arras
10 scissors, devastating the country
behind them.
Since then have been series OF
offensive operations on the various
fronts that, while they could not be
ciassed as minor. failed to attain the
magnitude Of grand scale campaigns.
These lasted. with good results for
the allies. until the autumn OF 1917.
America is entering the NTH year
OF the war with the highest possible
morale among both her civilian popu-
nd
supplies are streaming to Europe in
Il steady fiow; great arsenals are be-
ing constructed and the steel mills are
turning out unprecedented supplies OF
guns. arnor plate and shells. Ship
building has been speeded up TO a de-
gree hitherto thought impossible.
America is in the war to fight until
Germany is decisively beaten, and the
knowledge of this has buoyed UP the
people Of the entente countries Of
Europe with fresh spirit and new forth
,ude. Since this country declared war
on Germany on April 6, 1t has
turned from a peace-loving commercial
land into a nation grimly determined
20 destroy Prussian militarism and Its
attendant barbarities from the earth
forever.
CHRONOLOGY OF WAR.
1914.
July 23-Austro Hungarian note to
July 2S-Austria- Hungary declares
war on Serbia.
July 31-State OF war in Germany.
August Germany declares war on
Russia.
August German ultimatum to Bel
GUM.
August 3-Germany declares war on
France.
August 4-Great Britain declares war
on Germany.
August Torrance declares war on
Austria Hungary.
August l2-Great Britain declares
war on Austria Hungary.
August l5-Fall of Liege.
August 16-EXpeditionary force
landed in France
August 20-Brussels occupied by the
Germans.
August 23-Japan declares war on
Germany.
August 24-Germans take Namur.
August 26-Battle OF Tanncnberg.
August 2S-British naval victory off
Heligoland.
September 3-Russians take Lem