Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-10-20
.s||hPL|F|ED LESSONS IN
6. ] CARE OF AUTOMOBILE.
Expert Frederick c. GuerrIich De.
va scribcs Functions OF "Bcar.
49, ings" or "Bushings."
HOW FRICTION is REDUCED
How to Remedy Play Of Parts When
Bearings Are Worn-Problcms OF
=. Many Automobile Owners Solved
Readily by Man Who Knows.
AUTO LESSON NO. no.

copyright 1918. Ly Fred. c. Guerrlich.)
- There are innumcrablc parts OF the
automobile which rub or revolve on
other parts. such as the crank sha II
on its supports, the crank pins In the
ends of the connecting rods the wheels
ON their aXles. AS these parts rub on
( one another, there will be wear and the
generation OF heat; or, III other words.
,1riction."
,r.Frictlon cannot be eliminated. but 1t
can be greatly reduced by fabrication.
Of materials. whose tendency to wear
and heat is low. or as engineers would
low. Lead and bronze arc such ma
terfals the former being the better.
but because OF its softness, it is mixed
with other metals. such as tin. anti
known as white" or ''Babbitt" metal.
~ To overcome the friction, therefore.
some device, such as a properly shaped
piece OF Rabbit or bronze, or a set or
rollers or rolling balls. is usually placed
Between the rubbing parts. These de-
vices are called bearings" or bush
thgs."
-, Parts can move on one another in
three ways. namely, they can move
IN a straight line. one on the other.
as. for example. the pistons in the
the other. as the crank shaft in it's
supports, or as tho wheels on their
axles. and the end of shaft can
revolve against q support
=. In the automobile where the PARTS
simply slide back and forth. as first
given, the pressures and. therefore.
comparatively small, and SO. as rule.
no special bearing is used.
. BY far the greatest amount OF NOV
Ing parts move as given in the sec
another part. or 4 wheel or similar
part revolves about 4 stationary SHAFT.
and the movement little the bearing
Is generally nothing but sleeve" or
cylinder made OF some antifriction
metal metal as bronze or Rabhitt; and is
wrist-pin bushings and universal-j joint
hushing. Where the shaft is of any
size and where the movement is fast
and the pressure comparatively great.
the bearing is called journal hear
ing" In the engine. the journal bear
ings are almost always made in two
and are made of bronze or. of Babbitt.
W The Babbitt or bronze bearings have
a. very low friction. but by the use
and wear car be still further reduced.
as when they are used there is prac-
tiea aLs no n,,I rubbing as the balls or
surfaces. Either ball or roller bear
,ings are used in practically all places
other than the engine.
- Where the movement is as given In
the third case. namely, when the end
of shaft or n fange fastened to the
shaft revolves or spins on fat sur
face, the bearing is said to be sub
called thrust bearing" Thus the
hearing which Is placed between the
clutch throwout, or shift collar and
It's fork, Is n thrust bearing.
hitt bronze bearing. Note the oil
grooves 4: Il is important that these
be kept clearly cut and unohstruct ed.
as IL this is not done the oil will not
be able TO get TO the entire bearing.
ent vii! iubricate only thin line one
< Of the thickness OF the oil hole.
HOW TO REMEDY PLAY
WHES BEARINGS ARE WORN
When hearings OF this style become
worn. the resulting play can be taken
out by removing or filing on the
Ishins,' which are shown as In
up Of bundle cf very thin leaves Of
brass, or of one heavy piece. When
or the former. the play is taken up by
removing one of the leaves. while, II
the latter little is filed off X, Al
tusting OF the engine bearings should
be done by experienced mocha MICS only
rs the bearing must fit the shaft snug
~, yet not bind. while the nuts OF
the bolts which hold the two halves of
as they can be without breaking.
WheH much play must be taken out
OF the bearings or when new bearings
are put in. they will have 10 he
ing some Prussian blue on the shaft.
and then revolving ii in it's bearings
The Prussian blue will thus mark the
high spots Of the bearings which high
spots must then.-be' scrapcd off and
The process reneated, time and time
again. until practically the entire sur
lace or the bearing touches the shaft
= IN hitting or scraping in bearings,
care must be taken TO have the shafts.
etc, in line. Thus when the main bear