davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-02-17
By HILAIRE BELLOC,
Author of elements of the Great
War; and BrItain's Most Distin-
EuIshed Military Critic.


Nothing is more important in
judging the coming campaign in
the west than TO get the main
figures Of men and material on
both sides into ones head. Good
judgment on this campaign requires
NJ great concentration on detail,
but it requires accurate outlines.
Unfortunately. during a campaign
which is in progress and in which
ones own country is concerned, at
least half of the elemen. OF calcula-
ton IS lacking, because one is not
allowed to discuss the figures as to
ones own army or equipment.
But II I say in general terms that
the forces opposed to the German con
centration which is expected to break
out in an offensive, or series of Of
fensives, on the western front are
match for the Germans in numbers
Of men and more than a match in
artillery-and this without allowing
for the future increase in American
numbers will have said enough to
prevent my analysis Of the figures OF
the enemy forces from giving a false
impression Of their relative strength
Now. let us see what those figures
are. We have had published in Eu-
rope this week a long official account
OF the enemy'S concentration in the
west and an analysis and explanation
or this account will, I think, be use
full. IT refers only TO the German con
centration. That is because, although
there are Austrian troops at present
in Flanders. the Austro Hungarian
empire cannot spare any very con
siderable number OF men for the
French front. 1t is true that the Rus
sian front no longer exists in any
military sense. but there is heavy pO-
lice work to be done there by Austro-
Hungarian soldiers because the whole
OF the frontier populations are alien
and hostile. Moreover, most of the
Austro-Hungarian divisions that could
be withdrawn from the east were
used in the attack OF Italy. There
will thus be some Austro Hungarian
troops used this year in France and
Flanders, but their number will not
EraveIy affect the issue. The real
point is the German concentration.
All Divisions In
West Reduced Now.
The Germans last autumn had 16O
divisions between the Alps and the
North sea A division Is. as most
people know by this time, a minia-
ture army, complete in all details. 1t
has infantry, cavalry, artillery and
auxiliary services in due proportion.
70 IL the unit or cell OF the whole
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-02-17
PORT DEPOSIT, Md,
THREATENED BY FLOOD

PORT DEPOSIT, Md, Feb. II
Oue-third OF this town. including the
entire north end, was submerged to-
day under three feet OF water. "a the
result Of the flood last night which
swept the water from the river and
great blocks Of ice into the streets.
\ great wall OF L." is holding back
large volumes Of water. Should IL
give way Port Deposit would suffer
the greatest flood Of its history.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-02-17
new POST FOR COCKTAILS,
Is LATEST REPORT

II Is rumered here that Major Gen
eraI Cocktails Is being considered for
new post that may b" created in
the War Department.
He would serve as Secretary Of
War during the ABSENCE Of Secretary
Baker.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-02-17
This Year Will
Decide Victory.

1t Is possible that the two enemies
will remain during 1918 more or less
even in their air powers, as they have
been since those early critical days
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-02-17
PRISON SHIP RELEASED.

NEW YORK. Feb. IA prisoner
for nearly two months in the ice jams
OF the Hudson. the steamship Nindal,
which was used by the British feet
as a prison ship for Turks captured
in the DardaneIles. was released this
afternoon by ice harvesters.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-02-17
1000 Field Guns
In Concentration.

The second element in the situa-
ton is the concentration of guns. The
changes brought about by the war in
the use OF artillery in the field make
us reckon today on two types of
guns as the main strength OF the
light or field artillery. On the Ger
man side these are the 7T-millimetre
gun IA shade over three inches in
caliber) and the 9O-millimetre gun
The former has been increased in ef-
ficiency in the last year, while the
latter is not too heavy to be used
as a field piece. Reckoning as heavy
guns everything over the lOO-milli-
metre Croughly the 4-inch calibre)
we may say that pretty well the
whole German strength in this arm,
excluding only the COAT defense guns
and the artillery OF great fortresses,
will be in the war zone of the west
ern front for 1918. 1t will comprise
somewhat less than 1000 pieces, but
more than 300.
The third factor, which will prob
ably be the decisive one, is the power
OF munitionment and supply. The
famous formula which has been
ascTibed TO General retain as DELL
milton of the modern offensive-'The
gun conquers, the infantry occupies"
shows what the role OF the heavy
gun will be in these last decisive
phases OF the great struggle.
The number of guns is only one.
although it is the best known factor
in the role OF the artillery. The other
unknown factor, conditioning the
whole strength OF the artillery arm.
Is the power Of the industrial civiliza-
ton behind the guns to turn out
munitionment and bring it up 20 the
front. 1t is not only the industrial
power to produce shells with which
we are here concerned, but the COM
parativs Industrial power OF the two
societies to produce every other
weapon of tactfuI offense; the armed
and protected mobile gun platform
which the British call tanks. and
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10

The Journeymen Stonecutters asso-
citation is conducting an agitation
against the use Of the air hammer for
stonecutting purposes.
Medical authorities support these
unionists and show that the constant
use Of the air hammer causes Jumps
on the hands in some cases the size Of
hens eggs and operators hands be-
come white. One physician reports
that ''their hands are so benumbed and
rendered insensible to temperature
changes that they are not conscious
that their hands are cold until they
become white"
Other i'll effects are constant pain
while at work, loss of sleep and high
blood pressure, these disorders all con-
tributing to destroy the nervous sys-
TEN of men who are seemingly in per-
feet physical condition.
"But these men are irreparably dam
aged" reports one medical inyestiga-
tor, "and anyone who observes this
hammer in its rapid, violent vibration
must realize that no man can hold it
firmly in his hands, frequently in a
strained position, for eight hours a
day, FIVE and one-half days In the week,
week after week and year after year
without Ill effects. / believe the use
of 1t should be limited and controlled
by law"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
STOVE MOUNTERS
Return to Work Pending De-
cision by War Board on
Differences

The Stove Mounters at the Estate
Stove CO., who went on strike two
weeks ago returned to work Thurs
day morning There has been no
question of wages or hours involved
in this strike, the only difference be-
ing that of extended jurisdiction
Some of the work being done by the
company is for the government for
war purposes Last week a represen~
tative of the government appeared
and explained that it is absolutely
necessary that these war ranges be
gotten out as the cooking for the boys
"over there" depended on it. He
suggested that the whole matter be
referred to the National War Labor
Board for decision, the men to return
to work in the meantime.
The Mounters, realizing how much
it meant to 'our boys" readily con-
sented to the suggestion and as stat
ed above returned to work Thursday
morning pending the decision of the
War Board.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
MANY VACANCIES
In State Departments Civil
Service Examinations will
be Held in June

Help of all kinds, both male and
female, is needed for various state de-
partments at the present time. The
enlistment of thousands of young men
has taken hundreds Of employees from
the state service, and their places
must be filed at the earliest possible
moment.
During the month Of June, the
State Civil Service Commission will
hold competitive examinations to fill
many Of these places, and the list
includes such positions as penitentiary
guards and penal matrons, clerks,
food inspectors, engineers and engi-
neers' helpers, messengers, fremen,
chemists and many other positions
where a technical knowledge of the
work is required
The official bulletin Of the Commits
sion which gives complete particulars
regarding all of these examinations
together with the qualifications neces-
sary of the competitives, the subjects
presented to the applicants, salaries
and the time and places for each, has
just been published 1t viii be sent
free to any one interested who vii
address the State Civil Service Com.
mission, Columbus, Ohio.
Many Of these positions will bt
filled just as soon as the eligible lis
is prepared, and because Of the many
vacancies existing, it is the desire o.
the commission to get just as large ;
class as possible for each Of the ex
aminations. If at all interested, senC
for a copy Of the Bulletin.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
CARPENTERS

1t is hard to tell now where the
Carpenters Union is going to stop in
their growth. Local 637 held another
large enthusiastic meeting last
Thursday night. Much routine busi-
ness was transacted A large num-
Der of applicants were initiated and
several new applications were receiv-
ed. Business Agent Swain Corson re-
ported that there is a great demand
for more carpenters and that it is
almost impossible to meet this de-
mand as every carpenter in the city
is employed with much work ahead.
Twelve applications for membership
have been signed so far this week.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
WAGES TO MEET
COST OF Living
Large Industrial Concerns Begin
ming to Recognize 0bliga-
tionS to Workers.
VARIOUS SCHEMES IN EFFECT
Bonus Plan, on a FIuctuating Scale,
Adopted by Some-Detrolt Establish
ment Furnishes Groceries at Cost
Other News and Views of Interest
in Industrial World.


In these days Of industrial abnormal
ity and unrest employers are perhaps
most deeply concerned with the prob
lem of how to keep workers In their
employ. Most appropriate is the doc
trlne expressed by writer in the Sur
vey, who pertinently says: IF the
wage Garner is to be kept on the job,
means must be taken to make the job
worth while" He finds that wages
are vastly important in this reckoning.
For example, wages of United States
Steel corporation workers have been
repeatedly increased the last two years
60 per cent, indeed, ia 81 months.
But, checking against that the increas-
ed cost of food at wholesale, one finds
an advance of 123 per cent.
SO certain industrial and commercial
concerns have sought means of advanc-
ing wages automatically to correspond
with increases in the cost of living.
One of these is cited which adopted
a bonus plan whereby each employee
rated at less than $1,000 a year receives
in addition to his regular pay high
cost of living envelope" the contents
of which fuctuate with changes in
prices. Thus in January, 1917, these
envelopes contained an additional is
per cent based on regular wages and
in December last the bonus was 80. rs
per cent. Others have established sim
liar methods.
A large concern in Detroit found in
1916 that it was having difficulty In
keeping its men. Following an inves-
tigation, wages were elevated to meet
the company's estimate Of the mini
mum cost of living for family of
standard size. Thereupon prices In
the stores thereabouts were elevated
to absorb all this increase. That stu
alton was met by the company's start
ing grocery store Of its own and sell
Ing to employees at cost. In this fash
lon it is possible to make a check at
all times on the cost of living. The
minimum living wage was found last
summer to be ZOO per annum.
In Syracuse plant, which has like
wise taken means for determining what
/ 1t cost workers and their families to
live and has adjusted wages to meet
this cost, revision of wages is made
1 every three months.
Means of giving added purchasing
power to the workers dollar are like.
! wise mentioned. Among them is the
somewhat prevalent plan in the middle
/ West of establishing grocery stores in
industrial plants where employees may
obtain food at cost.
The Survey writer deems 1t an en-
couraging sign when corporations real
ize so clearly their obligation ito pay
a living wage that they are unwilling
any longer to leave the determination
of the amount to the blind law of sup
ply and demand" The effect of the
movement thus eagun will outlive the
war, he thinks
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
EDWARD LEHMKUKL
To Attend Musicians Con
vention at Chicago
Next Week

Edward Lehmkuhl of che Lehm-
kuhl Bros, will leav Sunday for
Chicago to attend the convention of
the American Federation of Musicians
which will be held in that city start
ing Monday morning A big feature
of this years convention will be the
dedication of an enormous Service
Flag There are now more than
$4,000 members of the organization
in the service.
Another big feature of the meet
ing will be band composed of 500
musicians in the big parade.
Mr. Lehmkuhl is the delegate and
will represent Local No. 81. at the
convention Mrs. Lehmkuhl will
accompany Mr.. Lehmkuhl on the trip
IA E
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
Machinists Initiate
224

At the largely attended meeting of
the Machinists' Union Wednesday
night that organization initiated
twenty-four members. About that
same number of applications were
received and will be given the obliga-
tion at the next meeting.
BY the vast amount of inquiries
that are being received and represen-
tatives coming into this city from all
over the country, it appears that Ham
ilton machinists are in great demand
everywhere.
The local union expects j. f. An
derson, International Representative
to be in Hamilton in the near future.
There will be some monster gather
ing of machinists when he does come.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
TRADES COUNCIL

The COOPERATIVE Trades and Labor
Council met in regular session Tues
day night. President A. E. Eggleston
presided and thirty-nine delegates
were present.
The credentials of Lou F. Nau to
represent Carpenters and Joiners
Union and to fill the unexpired term
of Henry Eisel were read, received
and the delegate installed.
The minutes of the previous meet
ing were read and approved.
A communication from Thomas j.
Donnelly, secretary of the Ohio State
Federation of Labor in which he states
that Judge Evans in the Franklin
County Common Pleas Court, dissolv-
ed the injunction against the Indus
trial Commission, on the plea of the
Liability Insurance Companies. The
communication was received. The
same was published in the Press
April 26th.
Communication in reply to letter
sent by Council in regard to Postal
zone law, Mr. Morrison, Secretary to
Gov. Cox stated that he would bring
it before the Governor at the first
opportunity.
A. f. of l.. acknowledged telegram
sent by council condemning and pro-
testing against the execution of Tom
Mooney. Received.
Union label trades department OF
Washington, d. C. in communica.
tion appealing to the trades unionists
to purchase union labeled goods. Re.
ceived and ordered complied with.
Delegates of the Local Plumbers
and Steam Filters Union reported
that all their members are still or
strike and the Plumber Bosses refuse
to sign their agreement. They further
report that their union has placed al
the bosses on the unfair list and re
quested council to do likewise. TIL,
council appointed committee to in
vestigate the differences. Committee
Schalk, Lentz and Eichel.
Delegates from the Meat Cutter!
and Butchers reported that their mem
bers are not as active as they nigh
be and requested that a committee b,
appointed to meet with them. Com
mittee: Smith, Carson and Shenkel
Trustee offered their report on tn,
auditing of the books. The repor
was received and approved.
Delegates to the Hamilton CONNER
cial and Industrial Association report
ed the last meeting. The same wa
received.
Beginning with the next meeting
the council will convene promptly a
7:30 o'clock until October 1st
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
check competItIon for L.abor.

Measures to check competition FOR
labor between the war industries and
government agencies have been taken
by the department of labor. This was
announced after a delegation of Vir-
ginia truck growers, headed by Rep
resentative Holland, had called on AS
sistant Secretary Post with protest
that the farmers would lose a million
bushels Of potatoes this year II the
enticement Of farm laborers by indus
trial concerns were permitted to con-
tinue. The delegation was told that
the department already had directed
the cancellation of extravagant adyer-
tisements for men, which are consider
ed detrimental to the governments war
program.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
Labor Unions Waive "overtime." :"

Labor unions of New York changed
their minds about demanding the usual
higher scale for overtime work during
the coalless weeks. Employers offer
ed to operate extra hours daily so
wage earners would lose nothing by
the shutdown. After first holding out
for the letter of the union scale pro
visions 1t now looks as If the employ
ers' offer will be accepted, unless the
fuel administration decides to put a
stop to the practice, which would null
lify to large extent any fuel saving.
The garment workers on piece scale
won the concession from the union
heads.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
Hurley Wants Bio Labor Reserve


Two hundred and fifty thousand Of
the best mechanics In the world for a
labor reserve is the goal toward which
Chairman Edward N. Hurley of the
shipping board is working. "The cams
paign for a labor reserve of quarter
of a million trained men is progressing
splendldly," Mr., Hurley said. IF we
can get these men the shipbuilding
problem Is solved. There is no ques-
ton about the loyalty and zeal of the
American workman. believe there
are many employers who will cooper
ate by extending financial aid to the
families of those men while they join
the government forces"
The department Of labor Is working
In cooperation with the shipping board
and the directors of the state councils
of national defense are aiding In re-
cruiting men for the volunteer ship.
building army.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10

Gompers Says Labor Must Not shirk.
There should not be u Stacker or a
shirker in any labor organization, de-
clared Samuel Gompers, president of
the American Federation of Labor, in
an address at the convention Of the
national labor publicity organization,
which is affiliated with the federation.
He urged labor to support the gov
ernment In every way possible"
Mr.. Gompers likened those who seek
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
WAGES Raised In New York.

The workingman's wage In New
York state for December averaged
$17.71 a week, the highest average on
record, according to information OBJ
tanned by the state Industrial commits
sion. This figure Is against SLIGO for
November, but $12.56 in December,
1914. Last year at the same time the
average was 1851. Greatest increases
in activity were reported from the
leather, metals and machinery, and the
textile groups.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
Niles Employees
Circulating Petition

The employees of the big shop the
Niles Tool Works are circulating a
petition among the men to have the
firm pay them off every week instead
of every two weeks. The Niles con-
cern is about the only shop that pays
their help every two weeks. Whether
they will be successful when they
present their petition will be seen
later.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
DANDELION WINE

Four quarts of Dandeline flowers.
Wash and place in large bowl. Cover
with four quarts of boiling water and
let stand twenty -four hours. Strain
and ad the juice and rind of three
lemons and three oranges, four
pounds granulated sugar, one half
cake yeast dissolved. Let the mix
ture stand week. Strain through a
cloth and store in stone Jug
- - -
Buy Thrift Stamps and help.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10

to bring about industrial chaos in the
labor world to the bolshevih, trying
to secure everything and gaining moth
ing" The bolsheviki, he asserted, had
made the people of Russia crawl on
their bellies and ask for mercy at the
hands Of the German kaiser"'
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
Gompers Too Busy to Retire
EnoIlsh Women n Wartime.

Since the war started 1,421 900 Eng
lish women have entered paid employ
ment, according to a government re-
port. There are 100000 in government
departments, $4,000 in the transport
systems, $4,000 In banking, $4,000 In
industries and 324,000 in commerce.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
Munitlon Workers Get Increase.

Winston Churchill, British munition
minister, announced In the house of
commons that increases in wages
granted to 100000 men engaged in mu-
milton factories and shipyards involved
an ultimate cost Of E14,000,000.
Gompers Too Busy to Retire.
Samuel Gompers, president Of the
American Federation of Labor, cele-
brated his sixty-eighth birthday Jan
uary 20, greeted by more than 100000
workmen, of whom he has been the
head for more than thirty years. Mr..
Gompers proudly exhibited his mem
bership card in the Cigarmakcrs'
union, which he was first to join when
he was fourteen. Asked whether the
labor leader contemplated retirement
to private life, his secretary replied
"Mr. Gompers is too busy to even
think about it."
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1918-05-10
Typographical Union Meets

Hamilton Typographical Union met
in regular session Wednesday night.
President Schirmer who was a dele
gate to the Ohio Printers conference
a few weeks ago read his report of
the meeting. All of the shops report
ed conditions fair.
r. Ew
The Glenwood post., 1918-03-02
AN IMPORTANT DUTY

w sincerely hoped that plan will be brought to light
and the dwelers the towns
understand each other and that the great
overpoerng question: that of producing the greatest possible
coming be careful and thoughtful consdera
The time when the farmer looked in
significant factor the community The people of the towns and
much they indebted the farmer and
how helpless the country would be without him.
Now they realize that the farmer the most important all
the complicated machinery this great
that without him would all be helpless.
Now, the question simply resolves itself into this highly
important that the fields be made yield their greatest possible
The needs Of the country and the needs of the demand
it. this the planting tng and the harvesting all
be done the right time The will wait for
ready We must be the right time It certain
Of work produce certain We that
the required Of labor have made failure Of
farming operations fails goes without saying
that he is by the only sufferer We all suffer- only
his inability produce crop for his failure produce the
biggest crop possible
IF have part in the farmers must besr
ourselves 10 help him succeed We cannot him ha
vest unless he able plant the To this end help
him the necessary help plant till and garner