davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18
How Germans Destroyed
the Forests and Orchards
in Belgium and France

Apart from their cruelty to human
beings, one of the worst offenses per-
petrated by the Germans in Belgium
and that part of France which they
have overfun is the destruction of
trees, notes the Indianapolis Star.
Wantonly to destroy orchards and for
est trees as they have done for the
purpose of making a desert of the land
that had been like a garden is a crime
against civilization. In Belgium they
cut the forests, not as they cut their
own, where only a certain number of
trees are allowed TO be felled each
year. but sweepingly, leaving the land
denuded hundred years will be
needed to restore these forests. and
trees are needed for the welfare of
every land.
In this country we have been too
careless with our forests; they have
not been protected as they should be
since the pioneers first cleared enough
of them away to make the farms. Now
we are beginning to realize their value
not only as a direct source of revenue.
but as an aid in conserving moisture
for cultivated lands and also as a
source of beauty. And If one wishes
to look at the matter commercially,
beauty of landscape is in these days
recognized as a distinct and valuable
asset There is needed more trees
and a wider and better understanding
among the people as to what may and
should be done in the way of planting
trees and improving forests.
1t is among young people that this
interest in trees must be cultivated (;
they must learn the Importance of or
chards and forests and if love for
trees can be inculcated it will prove
itself in years to come by many a tree
that is a glory to the land.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18
AUSTRIAN FORCES
. FIGHT LIKE CRATES
SANGUINARY STRUGGLE is BE-
ING WAoED FOR POSSESSION
or PLATEAU REGION.
PAVE CROSSED BY INVADERS
Counter Attacks by British Restore
Positions in Mountains-Quiet on
French Front-Vienna Claims
Many Prisoners Of War.

The Italian and allied armies are
bravely sustaining the weight of the
Austrian forces which are attack
ing along the front of the Italian the
alter from the northwest of the Asiago
plateau eastward to the Piave river,
and thence along that stream to
where it joins the head waters of
the Adriatic sea, front of nearly
100 miles.
Austrians Reckless of Men.
The Austrians, having made ex-
tensive preparations for the drive by
bringing up strong requirements in
men and guns, many of them coming
from the former battle line in Ruma-
mia and Galicia as a result of the
debacle in the east, are using them
without stint in the effort to de-
bouch from the mountain passes and
cross the Piave river and gain the
Venetian plains.
Everywhere the fighting is of an ex-
tremely sanguinary character, espe-
cially east of the Asiago plateau, in
the Brenta valley and on Monte
Grappa. In the initial struggle the en-
envy succeeded in capturing several
front line positions in the mountain
regions from the British and also in
crossing the Piave. Counter-attacks.
however, have restored all the posi-
lions in the mountains, including ter
ritory to a depth of 1000 yards along
a 2500-yard front captured from the
British At last accounts the allied
troops everywhere were strongly hold
ing the enemy and King Victor EN-
manuels men were calamity striving
to throw back the invaders across the
Piave. The Italians have taken more
than 5000 Austrian prisoners, among
them SO officers.
AS yet the Vienna war office has
given only brief mention to the bat
tie, saying that the Austrian armies
had invaded the Settle Comuni pla-
teau, lying at an altitude of 2400 feet
northwets of Asiago, and that up to
noon Sunday more than 10000 Italian,
English and French soldiers and a
considerable number of guns had been
captured.
With the commencement of the
long-expected Austrian offensive the
fighting in France has simmered
down almost to subnormal, except
southwest of scissors, where the
French have delivered several violent
attacks against the Germans holding
territory captured last week. Where
the enemy week ago was throwing
thousands upon thousands of meI
against the allied lines between Mont
didier and Noyon, Sunday saw hin
worn out with his useless efforts ant
his forces sadly depleted through neI
killed and wounded, unwilling or TN
able further to give battle.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18
INDUSTRY AND IMPROVEMENT

Scobey, Mont, is to have a water
works and sewer system at cost of
100000.
A S250,000 high school is to be
erected at Lewistown, Mont, to re-
place the building recently burned.
A county election will be held on
June "a to vote on the issue of $4S-
600 worth of bonds to build and equip
a county high school at Eureka, Mont.
Armour G Co. Monday announced
that it would change from a closed
corporation to a stockholders company
by issuing $60,OOO,0O0 in debenture
bonds, exchangeable for per cent
cumulative preferred stock, as a part
of its 1914 ,174,135 of assets, in order
to procure additional capital for the
expansion of its business to take care
of war orders. The bonds which are
to be issued at per cent have been
underwritten by Chicago banks and
the transaction constitutes the largest
single piece of financing ever cared
for exclusively by Chicago financiers.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18

Henbane is one of those important
drug supplies which have been short
since the war, because we have been
depending upon foreign production.
1t is pointed out by officials of the
Bureau of Plant Industry that not only
is valuable domestic supply of hen
bane being cultivated, but that the
plant grows wild in Montana.
Shortly after the war prices of hen
bane skyrocketted. Before the war
it had sold from to 20 cents pound.
When war cut off the supply from
Russia, Germany and Austria, the
price climbed quickly to 81 per pound.
Lately, domestic production has bro
ken the market, so that henbane is
now sold at So. 1t has also been as
certained by federal chemists that
henbane is growing wild and luxur-
liant in Montana. There is grows even
above the head of a tall man and
grows very thickly and is of high
quality. The situation, however, will
not be cleared up until the henbane
growing wild has been brought under
cultivation as an important drug sup
ply and new industry that war has
forced the United States to develop.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18
WaStefulness Is Sinful; II
Is a Crime When the Nation
Calls for Thrift-Pointers.

The lover Of thrift is often confront
ed by directions for household econ
omy emanating, as trial shows, from
abstract. rather than practical, domes-
tic science. Try these suggestions
from an old-fashioned New England
housewife:
/. Eggs are not needed for a rice
pudding.
2. MIX is not needed in cake made
with baking powder.
8. MIX is not needed for any kind
of whole wheat bread. Even when
milk abounds and is cheap, water is
preferable.
4. Half. or even quarter, of a yeast
cake will raise good amount of bread
for baking.
8. "War Cake" which calls for n
package OF raisins and much shorten
ing is not economical.
9. Do not allow a servant to throw
out remnants of shredded wheat left
In the bottom of the box. More than
a cupful is often so lost.
Z. An unstrained soup made from
remnants of yesterdays meat makes a
good meal. No meat course is re
quired Herewith.
8. Are you careful TO make as
many pies as possible from one
squash?
8. Are you careful to allow every
bit of the white to drain, or to scrapt
IL, from an egg which you break?
TO- Neither broken crackers mol
the crumbs in the bottom of the boz
should be thrown away. Use then
for fish. oysters, etc.
IL. Memoranda of all sorts, as wei
as rough drafts of Mss, may be KEEP
on pieces of wrapping paper. This Il
the kind of economy which good house
wives practiced during the Civil war.
10. Remember that the old New
Englander considered wastefulness
even among the rich. sinful. 1t is 1
crime when the nation calls for thrift
Florence Mary Bennett of The Vigil
antes.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18

Other Vegetables-Ca Cabbage, green
carrots, green turnips, radishes, Gu
cumbers and asparagus are more
plentiful and have declined. Other
vegetables seasonable and UNCHANGED
transformations are without ma
terial change at S190 for hard white
and red winter and $1.Ss and S1.S6,
respectively, for soft white and club.
The grain corporation has given or
ders for the shipping east of prac-
tically all wheat remaining in the
Pacific Northwest. The administra-
ton is making earnest effort to bring
out every bushel that remains. There
is considerable difference of opinion
as to how much wheat remains or
whether there is any left. There have
been seizures east of the Rockies but
none here yet. Crop reports gener-
ally are very fiattering. There were
hot winds in the Inland Empire sec
ton early in the week, but no mate
rial damage appears to have been done.
Flour-Patents are of course I'M
changed at $9.40. Trade is quiet as
offerings are light under restricted
method of consumption. Mills have
mostly ground their quota and are
shut down or running short time
Flour substitutes, except rice -four
have been lowered, at the instance OF
the food administration, dealers there
by standing loss. Barley -four is
down to $1O45 for SPAS, oat to Sc
for 10-10s, and white and yellow corr
flour to $40 and $5.O5 per cwt., re
spectively. Corn meal, and rolled oats
also declined.
Feed-The situation and prices are
unchanged. Bran and shorts are no
to be had, but western markets ar,
fairly well supplied now with barley
oats and corn, which are easier, an,
oat and barley middlings, mixed, ar
being put out at S35 as a substitute
for bran and shorts.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18

pie of India ate a honey which they
obtained from the bamboo The trans
lators make Pliny use an equivalent
for the word sugar, wherein he says
that the sugar of India is more re-
nowned than that of Arabia. Sugar
in the earliest days was not used to
sweeten food, nor was it looked on as
a food itself. 1t was used for the pur-
pose of making certain medicines pal
atable and was itself considered a
medicine to which many virtues were
ascribed.
The Greeks and the Romans es-
teemed honey as a sweetmeat and gave
very little heed to sugar. But as the
centuries rolled by the taste for sugar
grew among the people of the far east
and in Arabia and Mesopotamia. At
the time of the crusades, and, of
course, before the first crusade. there
were crude sugarmills in operation in
Mesopotamia, and the crusaders ac-
quired taste for sugar and carried
the sweet stuff back to Europe. It's
fame spread fast, and a trade in sugar
sprang up between the countries of
Europe and the warm lands of the orr
ent. Venice became the port of sugar
distribution for Europe. The Vene-
tian ships brought in the sugar, and
then in the rude, numbering caravans
of that time it started on it's journey
for many parts of the European con-
tinent. The planting of sugar cane
was extended to Sicily, Madeira the
! Canaries, and then on a large scale
sugar plantations were set out by
Portugal in its colony of Brazil. The
Jesuits introduced cane growing into
Santo Domingo. and it is to priests OF
this order that the introduction of SUI
gar growing in Louisiana late in the
18th century is ascribed.
Sugar is contained in most plants
and in some in very large proportion
The American Indians. before the
coming of the whites. were familiar
with the sugar sap of the maple The
extraction of sugar from beets and the
making of excellent syrups from the
starch of corn are industries that have
of late years been developed to great
proportions. 1t is said that in the corr
syrup industry 50,000.OOO bushels Of
, American corn are used each year, anC
!, from this corn 100000 tons of corr
syrup are obtained, which is used by
confectioners, Gamers and preservers
{ and which also finds extensive anC
growing use on the table.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18
Seek Uniform Food Prices.

Fargo, n. D.-"Uniformity of regu-
lations governing the use and sale of
food products" in Montana, Minneso-
ia, North and South Dakota and the
working out of details for the publ
cation of fair price list" to be
published in every county in these
four states will be the first purpose
of a conference that will be held in
Fargo Saturday, June %, by the fed
eral food administrators of the states
named.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18
Weekly War News Digest
STORIES OF ACTIVITIES AND CONDITIONS THROUGHOUT
THE UNITED STATES BATTLE FRONTS
FROM WASHINGTON, o.
Soldiers Are Transferred.


Nearly 100000 transfers of men
from one unit to another have been
made in army camps as a result of
occupational qualifications deter
mined by Investigations by the war
department committee on classified
ton of personnel. Recently about
10000 transfers have taken place each
week.
Notifying Relatives of Casualties.
Relatives of soldiers named in cas-
ualty lists forwarded from France or
dianrily are notified within "a hours
otter receipt of the lists.
A copy of the roster of each con-
tingent sailing to join the expedition
airy forces is filed in card index
fashion, each card bearing the name
of one soldier, his organization, and
the name and address of parent or
othe, relative or friend designated
by him to be notified in emergency.
Delays are sometimes due to cleri-
cal errors caused by the fact that
names must pass through so many
hands in France and America, in
correct emergency addresses turned
in by soldiers, removal of families
to addresses other than those listed
and the occasional necessity for ca.
bling back to General Pershing to yer.
ify a name or to obtain an address,
All Artillery Motorized.
Motorization of field artillery will
be carried to a greater extent in the
American army than in any other
army engaged in the war Not only
will a far greater amount of motor
equipment be provided in proportion
to the strength of the army but il
will be used for work where armies
now in the field depend solely upor
horse power and man power
The possible output of tractors fol
the transport of field artillery in tn,
United States is practically unlimited
whereas the supply of horses is a
present limited and is becoming NOR,
so each month.
Radio and Buzzer Operators.
The demand for specialists in tn,
army is increasing daily. Mechanics
and technicians of all kinds, includ
ing radio and buzzer operators, ar,
needed by the signal corps.
Electrical engineers and men witt
good fundamental training in engine
eering or physics are particularly il
demand for signal corps work Mel
of satisfactory qualifications are civ
en- three months training in specia
schools, and have every oportunit
to take examinations leading to pre-
motion.
Men who have had experience a
electrical repair men, wiremen an
mechanics, are also desired for as
signment to special schools and late
, to field organizations.
Nearly $4,000 negro soldiers ar
now in the national army. OF thes
1000 are lien officers holdign commi.
sions of captain and first and secon
lieutenants. There are about 25
colored officers in the menical an
| dental reserve corps.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18
NOTES..

Incomplete returns from 25 states
show that nearly 100000 women
have registered for war work under
the woman's committee of the coun-
Gil of National Defense.
The 12-cylinder Liberty motor &C
cording to a statement by the war
department. weighs 1926 pounds and
develops $50 horsepower, or a weight
of Is pounds per horsepower. The
gasoline consumption is approximate
ly 0.46 pound per horsepower hour.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18
MARKET REPORT
Chicago.

OhNaSSs
Oats--No white, 7S1a a 7sc; stand
ard. 7Slb@79Ac.
Timothy-$5GS.
BarIey-$1@150
Pork-Nominal.
Lard-$24.50.
Hogs-Early sales, &C to loo lower.
General market fully loo lower. Bulk
of sales, $16.20@16.50: butchers, $3.50
G16.50; packing, s15S0@1625; light.
$16.45G1665: rough, S15.40@15.75;
pigs. sl6.25@16.6O.
Cattle-Beef cattle steady to strong.
Butcher stock steady to lower; calves
steady; beef cattle good, choice and
prime, s16.60@1790; common and me-
dunn, s1275@16.60 butcher stock,
cows and heifers, $S25@15.50; Gamers
and cutters, $7@S.25; stockers and
feeders, good, choice and fancy select
ed. s11.50@13.5O; inferior. common and
meium, $S.50@11.50; veal calves, good
and choice. s15.25@16.25.
Sheep-Firm and becoming stronger.
Most good spring lambs selling. $20.50.
Shorn lambs. choice and prime, $3.50
ais; medium and good, s16@17.50;
culls, s12@13.50; spring lambs. good
and choice, s20@20.75; ewes, choice
and prime, s1425@1450; medium and
good, $12@14; culls, 5000.
Portland.
Grain, June delivery: Oats. No. .
white. $50 bid; barley, standard feed
$42.50; 80 days oats. No 2, $50; East
ern oats and corn in bulk: Oats, No
3 white, $685. 3S-pound clipped, s54
Corn, No. yellow, SEQ; No. mixed
sos; oats, No. 3, $53; clipped, $54
corn, yellow. $50; mixed, s5S.
Butter. prints extras, 44@45c; clubes
extras, 115c; prime firsts, 40l5c; dairy
32c. Butterfat, Portland delivery, No
sour cream, 43c.
Cattle-Good stuff firm; poor weak
ening. Prime steers, $14@15; good to
choice steers, $125O@1350; medium
to good steers, s11@12; fair to me
dunn steers, $10.50@11.50; common tC
fair steers, 5000; choice cows anC
heifers, 81 OBJ; medium to good COWS
and heifers, $4,000; fair to medium
COWS and heifers, SCOT; Gamers, s4@
6; bulls, s6.50@10; calves, $S.50@
11.5O; stockers and feeders, $50.
Hogs-Slow; prime mixed, $l650@
1915; medium mixed, $16.35@16.5O
rough heavies, $15.5O@16.65; pigs
$16.25@16.50; bulk of sales. $3.50.
Sheep dull; east of mountain lambs
S16@16.50; valley lambs, $15.50@16
yearlings, $9.5O@1O.5O; wethers, 500
10; ewes, $5.50@9.
San Francisco.
Fresh eggs, 42c; firsts, 39hc.
Cheese, new firsts, 23c.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18
children's Bureau Finds Many Babies.

Reports are reaching the children's
bureau OF the department of labor
from the hundreds and thousands of
women who during the last 60 days
have been weighing 100000 children
of America, and the way in which
permanent poverty menaces the
healthy growth of the children of the
nation is being revealed as a result
of the weighing and measuring cam
paign.
Firms Penalized.
Scores of firms throughout the Uni
ted States have been penalized for
violations of rules of the food admin
istration. In some cases licenses
to operate have been suspended; in
others, contributions to the Y. NJ c.
A.. Red Cross and other organizations
have been accepted in lieu of suspen-
! sion of license.
Repair Of Army Clothing.
Through the operation of repair
shops for clothing and other articles,
a considerable saving in reissue of
new equipment has been made at
army camps One camp quartermas-
ing has decreased one-third, and OF
shoes 40 per cent.
Railway Engineers to Go to France
When the new regiments and 10
battalions of railway engineers now
being organized are put on duty there
will be $4,000 Americans engaged in
railroad constructio nand operation in
France.
After the United States entered the
war one of the first requests trans
mitted to this government by the
French mission was for assistance in
strengthening the French railways
Nine regiments of railway engineers
whose organization was started before
General Pershing sailed, were il
France by August, 1917 Six of then
have been engaged in construction
work, building and rebuilding rail
way, building docks, and rearrangini
terminal facilities. The other tire,
regiments have been engaged in op
GRAFTON, and some of the railwa,
troops have been on the fighting line
The additional troops will be uset
partly for construction and mainten
ance and partly for operation.
A total of s16O,OOO,OOO has beef
spent ION railway materials alone. In
cluded in the purchases are 1927 lc
comotives, 22,69O freight cars, an
$4,000 tons of steel rails
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18
Much in Little.

Nearly all of the principal cit
les of England have policewom-
en-.
The French horizon blue" is
said to be the best color for a
military uniform.
Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas,
California and South Carolina
are the leading states in rice
production.
The Dominican republic con-
tains a greater amount of vir-
gin land than any other island
in the West Indies.
Little children of Montenegro
attend small fiocks of sheep
while the older folks are busy
with war work.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18
NEXT LIBERTY LOAN
ONLY 6 BILLIONS
WILL PROBABLY COME IN OCTO-
Der, 1918-BANkS WILL
GIVE AID.
PLAN TO DRAW IN ADVANCE
Certificates of Indebtedness Every
Two Weeks, Beginning June IS,
Blocks of $75o,0oO, 0o0-WilI
Also Issue Certificates.

Washington.-The governments fin
ancial program for the newt four
months was disclosed this week by
Secretary McAdoo's announcement
that in preparation for the fourth
Liberty loan, to be folated probably
in October, about 100000 GER
tificates of Indebtedness will be is
sued.
They will be offered in blocks of
s75O,OOO,0O0 each every two weeks
beginning June Is.
Every national bank and trust COM
pany is asked to assist the govern
ment by subscribing per cent of its
gross resources monthly. The certif-
icates viii bear AZ per cent interest
like those preceding the third Liberty
loan, and will have varying maturity
periods, none exceeding four months.
Issue Tax Certificates.
In addition, an undetermined guam
tity-perhaps 100000, OO0-of war
tax certificates will be issued during
the summer for use in paying taxes
a year from now.
The announcement of this program
indicated that the fourth Liberty loan
will be for at least $6,000,000, 900, the
exact amount depending on govern
ment expenditures in the next few
months. The treasury already has
estimated these roughly at about $12,
OO0,0O0,OO0 between July l and next
January 1.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18

At any rate, the clergymen who go
to France won't have to depend on
the collections.
Having apologized for congress,
George Creel does a neat comeback
and apologies to congress.
The penny famine is over, having
been automatically alleviated. Things
that were a penny now cost a nickel.
June 2S is to be war savings day
when we can lick the kaiser by lick
ing thrift stamps.
Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-06-18
BIG Steamer Burns Off Port.

Key West, Fla.-The American
steamer F. A. Bilburn was destroyed
by fire recently off this port. Captain
Waillard of San Francisco and all the
crew, numbering 81, were saved. The
vessel was of 997 gross tons, and San
Francisco was her home port