Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-07-27

met at Brest Iitovsk on December -.
and terms OF peace were exchanged NO
progress was made with the negotiations,
and the conference was broken up on
January H. In the meantime, new
republic had sprung from the side oil
Russia 1t was Ukraine, territory ex-
tending along The Rumanian and Galician
frontier from the Black Sea northward to
Cholm. in ancient Poland With this
republic. the Central Empires made peace
late in January.
The failure Of the Rolshevik authorities
10 reach any agreement with the Ger
mans resulted in the renewal OF hoStilItles
on February IS. and the German armies
moved forward once more.
RREsT- -LrrovsK TREATY
This brought about a renewal Of the
peace negotiations, and at Brest-LItovsk
the Botshcviki were gwen to understand
that Germany would recognize the king
dom Of Poland, the republic of Ukraine,
the independence Of Finland and the
separate governmental status OF LithuanIa
Fsthonia and Tivonis Turkey, as an
allv of the Central Powers. was gwen
great area to the east of the Black sea,
including the regions of Batum, kars
and Erivan
With the announcement OF the final
signing of the treaty between the Boi-
sheviki and Germany, the Allies gave up
hope that Russia would remain IN the
conflict. and al once they began TO
strengthen their lines against the coming
OF the great German offensive by which
Berlin and Vienna hoped 10 force the
Entente nations TO make peace.
RuMANIA CArIrULArEs
With the greater part Of her territory
occupied hy the Germans. AuStrlans and
Bulgarians. with her government driven
from Bucharest 10 JaSsv and with the
Russian Bolsheviki openly hostile toward
her Rlnanla found herself in critical
situation Rumanian troops during Feb
r,1ary and March advanced into Bes-
sarahia, part of the ncw Republic OF
| -kralnc but they were hemmed In by
tho enemy forces and Obliged To withdraw
al last on Nav 6, Rumania signed q
treaty of peace with the Central Powers
i, nv this treaty Rumania lost the prov
ince of Dobrutlla, on the south side Of
the Danube, which she had received after
the Balkan war. and agreed to rectlilca-
tion az her western frontier. Economic
concessions also were made under pres
sure from tho Tcutonic Alliance.
PEACE rRNrATIvEs.
The rrrind between December I, 1917,
ara March |. 1918. may he called the
period IL peace tertatIves- It IS trne
That before the erd of the summer fopc
Benedict made an appeal 10 the warning
nations tn enter into peace negotiations
the basis for pourparlers being the restota-
ton az Belgium and Sci bia and the return
% Germany of her lost colonies. ms
spDeaI. made on August IL, was answered
hv President Wilson on August -, when
the President announced that the German
government as constituted could not De
relieved and that the United states was
ready to enter into negotiations when the
German people showed they desired peace
and when they spoke through any au.
thority which would be representative OF
them.
The German answer 10 the pope ap-
naal reached the Vatican on September
81 Il exDrcssed hope that further waT-
fare could be averted through the good
Offices Of the pope, but declined 10 enter
INTO arv engagement 10 meet what the
Allies had declared TO be their MINIMUM
war aims
GERMAN PEACE OYER.
German efforts 10 secure peace which
would leave TO Germsny sil the fruits OF
her victory gained through Russia col
lapse and with Belgium ard large por-
tions of France to be used as pawns at
tho council table, began with the address
~ Count Czernin. then Austrian foielgn
minister. at Brest-Litovek. on Decern-
her 26 The KEYNOTE of the address WAS
general npace without annexauOns and
indemnltles.
ON January 6. President Wilson, ad-
dressing Congress. said that the | nlted
States must know for whom the German
rnlers we've speaking The address Was q
comnIeynent To an address made on jan
nary 5 by David Lloyd George, the British
premier.
To these addresses reply was made by
| Tmperial Chancellor Won HertIng of
Germany, and Count Czernin. The latter
was pscihc and conciliatory In tone,
while the former, alluding 10 '''he good
German sword, showed he was speaking
for the rnilitarisUs of the Cermanlc pow
eIs.
"FOr7R PRINCIPLES" ENUECrATED.
To these replies there was reJoiner by
President Wilson, who on February IL,
agajn addressing congress-, LAID down what
beve come to be known as the fOuf
D,ipciDles upon which peace can be
based. Briefly, these principles were;
Final settlement must be based on es-
sential justice.
Peoples and provinces are not TO De
! bartered about like chattels.
/ Every territorial settlement must be
| for the benefit and In the interest OF the
/ populations concerned.
All well-detined national aspirations
shall be met with the utmost satisfaction
consistent with the future peace;
| Pope Benedict, in pastoral letter Is
sued at Easter, made another appeal Tor
concord among the peoples OF the world,
! but il brought forth no tangible results
/ At the popes behest, prayers toi peace
/ were Offered IN Catholic churches through
out the world on st. Peters day, June Is.
In April there came revelations from
| Pans that Emperor Charles Of Austria
! had written letters 70 Prince SIxtua of
/ Bourbon, a relative. In these com
municatIons the Austrian monarch CON
/ ceded the claim 0f France To Alsace an
| Lorraine and hinted that peace overtures
would be welcomed.
/ As the result Of this, Count Xernin,
the Austrian foreign minister, was re-
moved from office
/ The most recent addresses on the sub
/ ject Of peace have been delivered in the
| German Rclchstag, one BY Or, Richard
| Won kuehlmann, the foreign minister
! and The other by Imperial Chancellor
/ Won Hertling The formers sensational
admission that the sword by itself could
/ not bring peace resulteI IN his resignation.
and Won HortliUgs ad6less voiced the
| 50 ntlment that as long As the Allies were