davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16
oLD-FAsHIoNED WIFE BEST
Nat Goodwin, Who Has Had Expert
ence, Furnishes Specifications
for the Ideal Woman.

The business of being woman would
be very simple, Nat Goodwin believes,
IL we took u tip from Mrs. Antedilu-
Wan Ancestor. That lady made the
family cave magnet. Within its
walls her master never knew boredom.
Few neighbors could coax him forth,
even for q game of skullbones. His
mate served him with beauty, wit, wis
dom, comfort and what not Every
replica of his image was trained to
add TO the household interest. In
short, Mr.. Ancestor had "home."
THAT is all man wants today" Mr..
Goodwin says. "That is what he means
when he clamors for the old-fashioned
woman
1T bores me to tears to talk Of mat
rimony," Mr. Goodwin added.
"My attitude is that Of a confirmed
optimist. My own record proves that
hope conquers experience.
II am very old-fashioned In Ipay.
Iitleas, IL 4 have any think 4 woman
ought to do everything she can to
make herself beautiful and intelligent,
useful and interesting, and then make
herself subservent to her home. That
is what my mother did. ] got both my
Ideal and my optimism from her"
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16
SIGNALS CHANGE OF COURSE
Invention Of Texan Provides Efficient
Continuance Easily Applied
to Automobiles.

The Scientific American in illustrate
ing and describing vehicle signal, In
vented by G. w. Edmond Of Ell Paso,
Tex, says:
The invention relates to signaling
devices particularly suitable for use
on automobiles to indicate change of
course. The object is to provide an in-
expensive and efficient contrivance
which can be easily applied to an au-
tomobile so as to become prominent
when actuated to attract attention, and
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16
IMPR0MPTU TOLL ROAD PAYS
Kind Hearted Farmer Allowed Motor
lists to Pass Through Uncultivated !
Field for Small Sum.

A motorist bound along the ROAD
from Detroit to Toledo, one af the
worst to be found in many states, re-
ports that he encountered one 200-yafq
stretch where, because the grade was
high, there was no way to turn Of
from the paving. "a kind-hearteFi
fae-rer," he told the Ohio Motorisf,
"stooe ut the gate of hia barnyard and
for the sum of 25 cents allowed each
motorist to pass through the gate, over
an uncultivated field for about 20g
yards, and onto the road again"
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16
No Dead Line for This Minister.

Who said there was such thing as
a dead line in the ministry? Rev. S.
Swami, an English clergyman, has
just beaten the athletic record of Lieu
tenant Miller, a Dane. He did
six successive half miles, cycling,
walking, running, padding, sculling
and swimming, in 26 minutes, 30 %
seconds, excelling the Danes record
by three minutes, lacking one second,
The winner is fifty-five years Old II
he can preach as well-and as quick
ly--as he can go through these success.
sive locomotion stunts, he Is some
preacherl
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16
ElGAT-HouR DAY FOR ALL
President Of American Federation OF
Labor Declares That the Aim
of the Organization.

American workmen, regardless OF
what class of labor they may be en-
gagged in, may soon have standard
lied eight-hour workday, according to
Samuel Gompers, president Of the
American Federation of Labor. "That
is what we are now striving to attain
in this country, and we may have an
announcement soon," said Mr.. Gompers
In an address before the biennial con-
yention of the Bricklayers. Masons and
fiasterers' International union, in ses-
sion at Philadelphia.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16
RAIN WATER FOR BATTERIES
Hard Liquid, Containing Minerals
Harmful--Remove Caps at Top
of the Battery.

"Hard water, containing mineralS
is harmful to the battery" says F. u.
Stone, manager of a Boston concord
"Water that is pure as drinking wa
ter is not necessarily pure water fol
your battery. Distilled water or clea}
rain water is the best.
Removing the caps at the top Of
the battery, water should be added I'M
til it stands well above the plates
though not to the top of the containl
erS."
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16
INSPIRING AT SLOW SPEEDS
Common Cause of Complaint With
Usual carburetor System-Go Over
Ignition Carefully.

Poor engine operation at low car
speeds is a common complaint with the
usual carburetor system. Often an air
leak throws out the carburetor ADJUST
ment so that an insufficient amount Of
fuel is fed. Wide plug gaps with a
magnetic with weak magnets is COM
blnation which may give this trouble.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16
NOVEL HEADLIGHT FOR AUTOS
Connecticut Man Has New Patent De.
sign to Furnish illumination
Without Glare.

M. N. Finklestein of Greenwich,
Conn, has just patented new head
light for automobiles, designed to fur
nish maximum amount Of illumina-
ton on the highway and to do away
with the dangerous glare. The direct
rays are shielded in such way as to
cover the ground and light it up thor
oughly, without precipitating the light
to- distance.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

The Pennsylvania railroad is now
employing 5000 women, 5000 Of whom
were put to work since June l. The
ladies can see for themselves that they
will have to do more than knit in this
emergency.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

A Swiss scientist has decided that
SnailS have no sense Of sight. With
the world in its present condition we'll
say they're not missing much worth
looking at.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

Philadelphia man has made him
self notorious by protesting that the
click of knitting needles makes him
nervous. And it probably takes his
mind off his tatting.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

Pumpkinless pumpkin pie and gin
gerless, molassesless, eggless butter
less and milkless gingerbread fairly
shrek of the glad time when there
will be nothing fit to eat but standard
lied substitutes.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

for this purpose when thrown into the
operative position folding flag is at
tached near the free end Of the arm,
the flag unfolds automatically, to rem
der the arm apparent in the dark, an
incandescent light is provided at the
extremity of the arm.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

Americans are playing conspicu-
Gus part on the French fighting lines
and are proving that we can make as
good soldiers mere as can he found
the world over.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

With a battery system in use the ign
ton may be neglected at first and &
carhuretion attended to, but this dol
the ignition should be gone over car
fully.-Motor.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

The French academy has placed
General Joffre among the immOrtals.
Personally, we think General JOffre
arranged that little matter for himself
along about 1914
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

The impression will not down that
the kaiser could have had all the peace
he seems to want now by keeping his
armies at home three years ago.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16
new USES FOUND
FOR AUTOMOBILE
Adaptation to Wars Needs
Brings Changes in Industry.
RAILROADS TO Be ASSISTED
Motor Car Fits In for Direct Purpose
of War to Greater Extent Than
p. We Have Yet Discovered
Business to Expand.

Commenting on the use of the auto
mobile in war times, the president of a
large tire and rubber concern says:
1.-THE government at Washington is
doing some things that startle us be-
cause we do not have proper under
standing of what its program is. Much
has been said about stopping the auto
mobiles. This Is all nonsense. The
government is going to lay its heavy
hand on the nonesSential industries
but the rubber business and the auto
mobile business are not in that class.
They are essential industries.
Motors Wanted for War.
"Just because in England and France
the use of automobiles had to be
checked it does not follow that we
have parallel conditions here. You
must remember that in England and
France they are dealing not with 29-
cent gasoline, but with 81 and $1.25
gasoline, and that over there the man
power is exhausted, almost to the last
man. They have to get every man
available, even from the essential in
duStries, on the battle front. They
want the automobiles to run for gov
eminent purposes. When l was there
in 1915, they were already 'booing'
civilian automobiles along the streets
Of London.
Commercial Business to Expand.
"But we are not going to get to that
point in this country. Here we have a
tremendous area, and great amount
of transportation is necessary. The
railroads cannot carry it. The auto
mobile fits in for the direct purpose of
the war to a greater extent than we
have yet discovered. The commercial
end of the business will expand ire
mendously More commercial cars will
he made than we have ever dreamed
Of. The joy riders will be clipped off,
but that does not mean that the man
who takes his family out for ride on
Sunday or holiday to get readjust-
ment from the tension Of the week will
be criticized.
Tire Industry Essential.
son the contrary, it is the rational
things that ought to be done. The line
of demarcation can never be drawn
very clearly, but it will not be drawn
so arbitrarily that man viii be criti-
oi-rsa e,s.,r ttssi.tr.s, MS aafIIfy uLT TOT
ride, as is the case in England. A great
many of the cars now running will take
off their touring bodies, and put or
other bodies to work economically fol
war purposes. Tires will be used right
along, more and more every year, nc
matter what happens. The tire indus
try Is essential and it is going on, not
outstanding the production of auto.
mobiles may be cut. We are going tC
find that we must work more as g
whole, for the one thing, the plan Of
the government"
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

Old vets are now claiming that they
haven't laughed so heartily at some Of
the brand-new war jokes since their
last previous appearance in 81
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

Speaking of the movements Of the
Guardsmen, the difference between en-
trimming and training seems to be a
"trip of about 1900 miles.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

The army department has declared
against the desk warriors" of draft
age, but of course, there is the coast
artillery.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

Persons with an Unsuitable craving
for Wheat-- sIlner "s4@e- 9"snt ~
have themselves examined for their
loyalty.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

The tanks have a certain British
slowneSS, to be sure, but it is noticed
that they never have to run over any
thing twice.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

If a man receives a siX-months' SEN
tence for ALPHABETICALLY kissing war
pictures how many years will man
get who uses words?
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

\ Texas editor announces that a
skunk will eat peanuts. But it doesn't
go into a moving picture theater to
do It.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

So far the war has made this bet
ter more unified, more compact, more
efficient, more loyal and happier ma
ffOn.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

The modern Interpretation of an
optimist is a man who never pays his
bills; for he who does must worry.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

AIisdirected energy is when young
man runs after girl who doesn't APP
preciate him.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

People who buy coal by the peck
cannot be expected TO go much farther
I'm cooperating for fuel economies.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

Aotortucks in the in France
in
reduction OF
this
help
these
great
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

When the weather man predicts bad
weather he is likely to be more aCcu-
rate than popular.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

If our war sacrifice consist merely
in doing without meat and wheat one
day each week we have not made any
sacrifice.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

Evidently one of the things TO come
after the war will be a shortage of
paper on which to print "reminiscences.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

The most thoroughly discredited
slogan is that once famous one: MADE
i'm Germany"
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

The high cost OF giving is now in
or,ler-but who caveSy
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

The able-bodied idler at home Is
quite as injurious to the allies as an
industrious German in Berlin.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

The best bit of electrical advertising
q man can do now is to keep his signs
dark for patriotic purposes.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

Don't offer rewards to soldiers for
the Germans they kill. There are bet
ter ways to make a fool of yourself.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

If you deem it proper to avoid
waste of words, abstain from using
''freSh" to describe eggs.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

Maybe 1-cent reduction in the price
of bread is to help relieve the cent
shortage.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

One authority on farming suggests
that fertilizer should be mixed with
brains.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

No sacrifice should be too great for
the home folks in behalf of the boys
preparing to reach the front.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

II all disloyal acts were to be re-
ported there would be fewer Of them
TO report.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

Many a large idea has been lost in
the task of digesting a too abundant
meal
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

Britain is developing new system
of school hygiene.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

Laying up treasures in heaven these
days is certainly sound iinaneierinS.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

If you have health yon have wealth
and much to be thankful for.
The Knoxville independent. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1894-current, 1918-02-16

Esperanto continues to ind ttls an
1nreSponSive world.
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1918-02-15

querer During the reign of Trajan
Jewish instructions occurred in Cyprus,
Cyrene and Egypt, and during Hadrian's
reign the revolt spread to Palestine.
Bar Cochba, whose real name was
Simean Bar Kosiba, and who was man
Of imposing appearance, great proves,
and enormous physical strength, was
naturally chosen as the leader of the
Jewish host. The most eminent rabbi
of that time, Akiba hailed him as the
divinely appointed delverer of his peo-
pie, the Messiah. After many battles and
some glorious victories, the Roman
legion led by the greatest Roman gener-
al of that time, Julius Servus, finally
overpowered him when his last strong
hold, Bethar, was captured by treachery.
The fall of Bethar which, according to
tradition, occurred on the 9th of Alb, was
considered by the Jews as great
calamity as the fall of Jerusalem, sixty
five years previously The slaughter and
the suffe,rings of the Jews were equally
as great.
When in the early decades of the
fifth century Rome was tottering to her
fall, new hope was kndled in the breasts
of the Jews, and Messianic expectations
were rife. A man, assuming the name
of Moses. arose in Crete declared him
self the Messiah, and gathered around
his banner all the Jewish communities
of that island. He offered to lead them
dry-shod across the sea to Palestine.
They entrusted him with all their be-
longings, followed him to a certain
promontory, where they were hidden to
throw themselves into the waters with
the assurance that these would divide
themselves as did the waters of the Red
Sea. Incredible as it seems they did
his bidding. The result can be surmised..
The scene now shifts to the empire of
the Arabs. In the seventh and eighth
centuries a movement arose among the
Jews of Arabia and Mesopotama to rid
Jewish law and Jewish doctrine of rab
binic Interpretation. They hoped that
the Messiah would deliver them from
this yoke as we'll as that of their
Muhammedan overlords. 1t was then,
about 720 c. E., that an adventurer,
Serene of Syria, came to the front as
the expected Messiah. He promised his
dupes to expe1 the Muhammedans from
Palestine, and to reestablish a Jewish
kingdom. there He abrogated all rab-
binic laws, and thereby gained large
following. His fame spread to distant
lands, SO that even the Jews of Spain
caught the Messianic fever, and were
getting ready to follow Serene. But the
disillusionment came when the would-be
Messiah was captured by the officers
of the Caliph, to whom he admitted that
he was an impostor, and was delivered
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1918-02-15
FALSE MESSIAHS
By DR.. S. N. Deinard.

The Messanic belief has played an
important part in the history of our
people. 1t more than anything else has
given our people courage and hope, the
power of endurance, during all the CEN
turtles of persecution. They firmly be-
lieved that the dark gous-nght would
be followed by glorious Messianic day.
On the other hand it was also the cause
of great deal Of confusion, disap-
pointment, and distress resulting from
the Messianic pretensions Of many i'm
posters, blind fanatics, deceived de-
ceivers, men of dreams and hallucina
TONS The stories of these impostors
and false Messiahs form interesting
chapters in our history.
There were two principal factors that
at different times brought these false
Messiahs to the FORE One was the mys-
tic or cabbalistic Interpretation of GER
tain passages of the Scriptures which
are supposed to indicate the exact year
of the Messiah's coming. Such COM
putations, of course, were based on the
most fantastic and grotesque combina-
tions of words and letters of the given
tests. Another factor was the unrest
and ferment of certain periods Of the
worlds history, resulting from wars or
rumors of wars and other catastrophies.
These two factors, singly or in combina-
ton, often produced a Messianic pre-
tender among the Jews, who started
Messianic agitation followed by dis
astrOus consequences.
The first pretender of Messianic hon
ors was a certain Theudas who took ad-
vantage of the excitement that prevailed
in Jerusalem and Judea during the reign
of Herod II and the Roman governor
ship of Fadus, about 40 G. e. The Ro-
man yoke was becoming ever more
CALLING for the Judeans. Rebellion
was rife, and deliverer was ardently
hoped for. Theudas, of whose life and
position nothing further is known, ap-
peared upon the scene followed by four
hundred disciples, and claimed to be the
expected prophet and deliverer. AS proof
of his mysterious power he offered to
repeat the miracle performed by Joshua,
and to lead the people dry-shod thru the
Jordan. Before the miracle however,
could be performed, he and his followers
were met by a troop of Roman cavalry.
Some were slain, some made prisoners,
while the Messiah himself was beheaded.
The next one to play the part of, and
to be hailed by the people as, Messiah
was the famous Bar Cochba who led
the people of Judea in their revolt
against the Romans under Hadrian, 1872
135 c. E. The Jews even after the de-
struction of the Temple and their dis
persion over the Roman empire had
never become reconciled to their con-
The American Jewish world. [volume] (Minneapolis ;) 1915-current, 1918-02-15
St. Paul and Minneapolis February IS, 1918

over to the Jewish authorities who meted
out to him his just deserts.
About thirty years later another de-
ceiver appeared at Ispahan, Persia, in
the person of Obayah Abu-Isa ben Ishak.
1t was turbulent period in the history
of the Caliphate, as result of the
struggles between different claimants
of the throne Obayah came forward
as the Messiah, or as the last of the five
precursors of the Messiah, gathered
around himself about ten thousand fol-
lowers, and undertook to wage war
against the Muhammedans for the liber-
alton Of the Jews. In reality he only
allied himself with one of the contend
ing factions of the Muhammedan pow
er, and the defeat Of that faction brought
about his own fall. He, too, had in the
meantime inaugurated many religious
changes among his followers in the dl-
rection Of ascetic severity, and after his
death in battle his followers formed
themselves into a separate Jewish sect,
the Isavites or Ispahanites, which ex-
listed for about three centuries.
For the next five hundred years our
history has no record of any similar
adventures 1t was toward the end of
the 18th century that a new Messianic
pretender appeared, and this time in the
foremost seat of Jewish culture, Spain.
1t was due to the rapid spread of the
teachings Of the Kabbalah, or Jewish
mysticism, that the new Messianic agi-
tation was possible The Kabbalah full
of the most fantastic speculatlons,
grotesque fancies, and silly superstitions,
prepared the minds of the masses for
the reception of any vagary. Abraham
Abulafia Of Tudela, a man of some
learning and of lively Imagination, and
we'll versed in the intricacies of the
Kabbalah, took advantage of the popu-
lar state of mind, and proclaimed him
self prophet and miracle worker. In
1881 he made the very venturesome at
tempt to convert Pope Martin " to
Judaism, and came very near being
burned at the stake for his pains. He
escaped to Messina, Sicily, and there as
sumed the title of Messiah. Fortunately
the Jews of Sicily were not so gullible
and, addressing letter of inquiry to the
foremost authority of Spanish Judaism
of that time, Rabbi Solomon ben
Adereth, received word in reply that
Abulafia was mere adventurer. That
put stop to Abu1afias Messianic
career and he sank into obscurity.
But about the same time another i'm
postor appeared in Avila, Spain, who de-
clared himself only prophet who came
to announce the coming of the Messiah
on certain near date. The rabbi of
Barcelona, a venerable Scholar warned
the wouldbe prophets credulous fol-
lowers, but to no avail. Their excite
ment grew in intensity as the day of
the redemption approached. In their
disappointment at their unrealized hope
many of them subsequently embraced
christianity.
At the end of the 18th century when
the outlook for the Jews of Western
nacc