The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-01

to allow half an inch over in cutting the lining.
 With the lining cut to the proper length, the next thing to do is to lay it on he band and mark he places where holes are to be punched to con form with those on the band. The places for the holes should be marked on the new lining with chalk, pen- cil or sharp tool as happens to be most convenient Some operators make a practice of drilling the holes through those in the band. Obviously, the next step is to cut or punch tho holes in the lining. The best tool for this purpose is an ordinary harness punch or drill, but however they are made, the holes must be good and clean, with no frayed or fringed edges.
 The next step is to countersink the holes, so that when the rivets arc put in place the heads will be below the surface of the lining. A wood screw countersunk may be used, if it cuts clean.
 For the owner who is beginning to take care of his car and who purposes to continue doing so. it will be just as well to purchase what tools he needs for refining as he goes along. They will not rust out in idleness. as this is a job that must be done at least once a season.
 The next thing to do is to place the lining carefully on the band where it belongs. Look carefully to see that the holes in the lining correspond accu- rately with those in the band. With this made certain, the lining should be clamped in it's position, so that it can not slip. Now placing a bolt in the wise, so that the latter acts as back ing, the rivet is placed through the I,oI 1aa r,u Slp the countersink The other end should then be riveted with an ordinary rivet- ing hammer 1t takes just few blows.
 MUST LIE SMOOTH
 The new hand at this job will have the most trouble in getting the holes in the lining to line up exactly with those in the band. If this is not done, how ever, the lining assumes a sort of wave Hike effect on the band and, is useless. It is vitally important that the lining shall lie absolutely smooth on the band. Also, the operator must be certain that all the rivet heads are below the lining surface.
 With the band properly lined, the next step is to put it back on the axle and see that it fits accurately around the drum This is an important step. Even though the band be perfectly lined, if it
  tbc whole effect lmay be spoiled and the fUnctioning of the brake will still be inn perfect Also if the brake band does not i fit on the drum properly, the wear is | going to be very uneven and the job of l refining will soon have to be done again. I This matter of uneven wear is the prin- jcipal trouble in this connection, so that 1 it is suicidal to give it needless opportuni- l ties for occurring.
 The average braking system of tOda V has some method of making the band and the drum concentric. In cases where one part of the band is found to be dragging. it is often possible to use a screwdriver to force the lining away on the side where it is dragging. This will not be necessary where an adjustment is provided.
 HOW TO TEST IT The prorer method of testing for a dragging brake is to jack up the rear axle and spin the wheel around, listen this ,sound is readily noticeable, there is drag, which should be remedied at once.
 The opera tion of refining the brakes will probably seem trifle difficult to the operator performing it for the first time. It dSes require certain slight dexterity, but nothing more. After one has refined once. his troubles are over and he will have no difficulty the second oneself, it is a good plan to watch some expert friend do it or drop down to the garage and see how the repairman does things that American car owners will be compelled to learn, and the sooner we do it the sooner our troubles will be it. At any rate, it is one of the many over.