The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1918-05-31

THOROUGH APPLiCATIC
Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture)
The spraying Of trees during winter
and spring, or when they are in a dor
mant condition, is directed largely
against scale insects, especially the
San Jose scale. There are two prin-
ripal advantages in spraying at this
time: (1) The absence Of foliage per-
mits Of more thorough applications,
and (2) the sprays may be used much
stronger than during the growing
season. Contact sprays are employed,
IS lime-sulphur solution, fish-oil and
other soap washes, kerosene and crude
petroleum emulsions, miscible oils, and
he like. The prime essential is thor
>ughness In making applications, so as
% cover every part Of the tree, because
n general only those insects actually
ait with the spray are killed.
Applications may be made in late
fall as soon as most Of the leaves have
fallen, at favorable times during the
winter when the temperature is above
the freezing point, or, preferably, in
he spring shortly before the buds are
due to swell. There is probably less
danger to fruit buds and twigs from the
Use of sprays in the spring than at 9th
eY times. Better results follow spray
Ing with lime-sulphur solution In late
spring than in late fall or during the
,.f,~ Il;
on the trees during early summer,
which Is Of value in killing any young
scales, the offspring Of adults, which
nay have escaped destruction.
Important Orchard Work.
Spraying dormant trees for the San
lose and other scales and for other in
sect pests has come to be a very i'm
portant part Of orchard work, especial
~ in the East and on the Pacific slope,
and In general 1t is possible so to time
this work that a single application will
reach most of the troubles comfortable
by dormant-tree sprays. Other things
being equal the insecticide having the
greatest range of usefulness should be
employed OF the several dormant
tree sprays, the standard lime-sulphur
solution Is the one most generally used
against the San Jose scale, and 1t is
equally effective against several other
Insects which may coexist on the trees.
1t Is an excellent fungicide, and aside
from the inconvenience experienced IN
Its preparation and it's disagreeable
character, it furnishes an ideal spray
for dormant trees. Abundant expert
encc has shown 1t to be an effective
remedy In the control of the San Jose
scale under all conditions, and for most
Dther diaspine scales, as the cherry
scale, the European fruit scale, and
reasonably so against the oyster-shell
scale, and the security scale. Lecanium
scales. such as the terrapin scale and
the brown apricot scale, are more eff
,ectively controlled by mneral-oil
sprays. The thorough treatment
each year, therefore, with lime
sulphur solution will keep well under
control the more important scale-in-
sect pests of the orchard.
There are certain other troubles con-
trolled by the dormant-tree sprayings
with sulphur solution. 1t has been
found effective in destroying eggs of
the pea, tree psylla and has long been
Known IS effective against the pear
eggs OF the clover mite and Other
mites are probably also destroyed. In
California. If applied in late spring, the
lime-sulphur solution has been found
effective In destroying the peach twig
5orer. l,ntomologists are not agreed
as to tie benefit from lime-sulphul
spraying IN the destruction of eggs o.
apple apsiids, and other plant lice, bu
its value in this connection is perhap:
not important. In practice, therefore
the plan should be to make one thor
pugh application OF lime-sulphur solu
ton to orchards each spring as a gen
cral treatment for the control not'onl.
of the San Jose scale but of man.
other scale insects and other pests.
Homemade Concentrates.
Several years ago the cooked lime
sulphur wash was used largely for tn
control of the San Jose scale but ha
now been generally superseded by tn
commercial or homemade concentrates
Since inquiry occasionally is receive
as to its preparation, the formula an
method of making are given below:
Stone lime. pounds ...-.---...-......2o or :
Sulphur commercial ground.
| pounds ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. rs OF j
Oufp tn Y1Q a ,