davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30
REGISTRATION
GOING BETTER

INDIANAPOLIS, ISept. Registra-
ton Of voters in Indiana for the No
vember election is proceeding more
satisfactorily. according to reports
reaching here today from all over the
state.
Political activity generally, has been
slack because of the Liberty Loan
Campaign. Both parties decided they
would not attempt to attract interest
from the loan campaigns by political
meetings However. now that the &C
tual sale Of the bonds has started, the
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30
In MenOrian


Lake counys dead in the
AoS Ind HaP6or dd at + On osi e r ei June IL
gAAts MAC hINzE Gary; killed in
FRANK MeA1E4 In Ilarbor: lne in Francd Bae of ln Az IS
AdSILR 5AsEI5 Hammond;
sR4GER e2hs East Chi'ss9: killed in France Sept IS
LIEUT. JAMES Gary; 1fied at vny ridge
2oIPH RIEDzTIlI. chicago: France Nov u
4AITY crIgfI SeF3. killed ayia &C at Eyma Ty Dec 1917
sDllRD 9@sl died somewhere France T. 1917
THOMAS v RATcIFF France Feb "a
FRED SCHMIDT Brooklyn March on torr boa,
.PI EDWARD N SULLIVAN, Gary killed in France March
CLIFFORD E PETTY Hammond ISI ief CD sheh yFhoid March n
FULTON Taln afed Mara G T dd 4e s, Tex April
osrI1 n[l tF Cary killed at
1aTr rBa X @ Ga died at sastsrn eanonent 90
,lIlH fiIGIFS Cary ord dept; Philadelphia
PAIL TWP France june IS 1915
o55N 9lAoqIREs in France June IS
5qldH Gales Gary: died at Camp June2
n PERc fi6 dT sa Nero c4Bs killed
HARVEY 9ARfIs e' za Rochester N y R R
peaoed . We-t TI l., T. Navy drowned in sinking
GaPi GEORGE AL13N France july II
TewI London July 1s 1s1s " ~ " submarine
in aeton France 5 1ny IS "
CHARLES INT died or rS 2 July 2a 1918
MARCUS vAfSTfc4 cared Of Wounds received
SANTA Whiting killed ed in action France
StAsIsIAWsBI IND Harbor cav killed in auto
oscAR sf aJh eheo5o while on fur!oush
lf 5ioA TS52Rla GAS indiana ooE in a ss'@a
CHARLES BoccA F. killed in action JUN %
I A II5 C0LIoII Cary died in disease July 1915
s@oad q s A. , d r5sas s 5ols
~ ~ i'-fl East Chicago in action 1uy
in acton
Jo1.1 C1I LIE Hammond
I@1 ION DAVIS in actio in
1f|oft'It X BttANNON West
N-A-I1it hIllBtf Whiting s r. A
o-4l1 a O. CARLSON A kiledfn
RUSSELL WALDO COON in
l1fOS LISTER Hammond lie Camp
'7i'+'-N MOZART Co X F. A; CT
IN ACTION
% DuPs n fs ef es sSns s s IF 3s
16. +"'S' parents
Z AlAoE East chicago; missing In
D. A DCEhIt1 Hammond; France Julv1
.COHFOl<Al4 JOHN NESTOF ortedrn
KocaIka
o kin VIM
WM PAPKA East mis- 'd9
HOMER FRIEND Co L. East ra
olI.F oN I-AS 20 L. East Chicago;
SAM ToDO' Indiana Harbor: miss
LEN ANUS mn 60 l. East Chicago;
STANLEY POSWANEI l. chicago
MILos MLADF1N Gary missing Jul France ' 80
AMIN O"i>S 'holan talbo
JOS LIETzA4v action France .,u -
MIOTIkA L.
II
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

up wien his new duties They have
been sleeping n tents 71y since his
transfer he has been put in doors. He
sends word the other boys are get
ting along fine and that he has es-
capped the Spanish influenza. Private
Sullivan's present address is Motor
Truck Company No. S43. Zachary Tay-
Tor Camp. Louisville. Ky
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30
Hubert wiIIiums. son of Mrs. T, e

Williams of East Chicago. has been
called to government service at Camp
Columbus. South Carolina, and placed
in the position of typist in the Off
GERS corp Of the court-martial branch
service Mr. Williams enlisted some
time ago and since that time has been
employed IN the government service
of the Swift Company of Chicago. He
departed this week to>his new assign
r1anf
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30
Word has been received from Pri-

waite William Sullivan. who is sta
toned at Zachary Taylor camp. Louis
Vile. He has been separated from
the other Hammond boys who left
with him on SEPT. 6. Private Sullivan
is the first among this group Of boys
20 1ecelve a truck and IS much taken
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

Tell them, Mr.. Editor" Says Frank
J. Loda Of Hammond. now at Wash
ington. D. C. that I am on my way
to Berlin. as I have an engagement
with the clown prince
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30
Mr. md Mrs. GUY CIexInger. Lowell.

have received word from their SON
Adrian. who was wounded several
weeks aso over in France. that he
has entirely recovered and was able
to join his regiu emit
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

There is one thing we would like to put to you
cold
Whose this, anyway?
Chicago has gone far the top in the fourth
Liberty Loan it East Chcagos war? Is il her war
any than it is Crown Points or Hammonds
war, Dyers war the any other that has
gone the top Is it the of SOME OF the peo
pie Main street Crown Point and not the rest?
Must SOME of the people Calumet avenue in Ham
mond buy bonds and the rest?
Why must SOME OF the people on Oliver street in
Whiting buy bonds and the others not?
isn't it just about time that ALL the peope-all the
men, all the all the boys, and all the girls Of this
neighborhood into their heads that it is THEIR
war?
Why is it that-say Bill White at Crown Point. worth
a half a million dollars permitted get away with
the purchase of measy of Liberty bonds
than Jim Jones. who hasn't thing, not his
pants, that isn't mortgaged?
Why is ii that you go up one street and down
other all Lake and find Liberty bond slack
ers. fellows who have bought $50 bond when they
should have bought $500 bond?
Good God Almighty. how long is Uncle Sam going to
stand for this kind of thing?
Again ask and ask 1t so it can be heard
WHOSE WAR is THIS, ANYWAY
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30
VIM. Kictrman. and Carl zardt,

VIM. NIetEIhhn, ma NaTI AhFutef OF
Hammond. are homo on three-day
Through from Camp Taylor. Bill and
Chuck are doing clerical work at the
camp headquarters. These two We're
great boosters for the silent army and
navy drive. OF, the St Paurs Lutheran
church. which took place yesterday.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

Joe GruGeI. Griffith, from Camp Gus
ter. visited home sunday. He is look
ing fine and speaks well Of army life.
RaIstou Todd. of Griffith, at Camp
sherman. writes that he is getting fat
and advises all the boys TO join the
army
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

Lena Merz. Of SO Warren street. Ham
mond. Indiana. from somewhere in
France Of a most pleasant surprise.
He had the great good luck to meet
old friends Of his. namely Walter
Kussmaul. of Crown Point Robert
Beatty and James Nordstrand Of Ham
mond Henry has been over there
for a year and two months and these
are the first Hammond boys he's met
He says that he IS wellany happy and
IL serving as orderly for a captain.
As he closed his letter Ia added that
Arnold Kunert of Hammond had
just passed his tent
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

j. }. Larson. Hammond, is with the
9th Bat. Co. "a. 163 Depot Brigade.
Camp Dodge, Iowa
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30
e. IA. LipinskI. Hammond, one of

Il. Il. Lipinski, Hammond, one of the
famous twins. has a new address. Here
it is for his friends: A 5. S. c..
1106 Fer. So. A. p. o. 7l3. A Z. F.
via New York
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

As my friends who have been writ
ing to me and those that have not
written and wish to, I take pleasure
in giving them my address az fol-
lows: Private Chauneey D. Walters.
No. 49615. Fort Caswel1 \. R. d.
C. A c.. American F. F. via New
York
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30
Here and Over There

Camp Mills. He is a member of Go.
L. 51st Infantry and when they land
on Long Island. you know what that
means
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

The man who helps his city and
his country by buying a 9Th Liberty
Loan Bond is for them, the man
who doesn't isn't.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

II. J. DedeIow Is n well known Lake
county boy who can be addressed care
Q. NJ. c. Camp Taylor. Ky
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

Letters are coming to THE
TIMES from overseas in the last
mail by swarms. Our friends must
have patience. Well get them all
in. lust watch.-EDITOR.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

George ii. JOIIey, Al Eng. Ry. Co. .,
L. Of f w. via New York. is the way
a boy you all know gets his mail.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

John J. Casey. Co. II, Fort Mills.
Manila Bay. p. J.. is where 2 popular
Hammond boy gets his mail
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30
Wilbur Butcher. whiting. has no,

been promoted to sergeant. His
address is Co. 81. Eng. Camp De Grasse.
A. p O. TT. A f. F He is in the
same camp as Albert Scholz Of Whit
ing and they have met the Griffith
Bros. and all have had pleasant
time together
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

Virgil GrOat, Hammond. Is with -
L. s. Aero Sqn. A. Z. F. via New
York
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30
Die. and Mrs. s. D. stevens of 95

Ut. and Mrs. y d stFNFHS OF ~
Gostlin street Hammond, have received
word announcing the safe arrival over
seas Of their son. Captain o. NJ. stew
ems. His address is as follows: Cap
tain O. NJ. Stevenson S26 Field Artil
lery. Saith Division a. E. r.. via New
York
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

Raymond DIneeD. Whiting, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. D. Dineen, Of Sheridan
avenue. has been transferred from the
Great Lakes to the navy yards in
Philadelphia.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

Max A. Kuhn may he addressed 18th
Cav. Troop N. Fort Bliss. Texas
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

Wilbur DOoIIn, Lowell, has been
transferred from Camp Forrest. Ca.
to a camp in Virginia,
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

Corporal Rufus kiempner, well
known East Chicago boy, is now at
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

Guy Cant of East Chicago, has n
new address. 1t is Replacement Unit.
3. A. z. F.. via New York.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

Leslie Campbell. Whiting. has beer
home from a South Carolina camp
visiting his parents on Pennsylvania
avenue.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

mond announcing the safe arrival over
seas Of Sergeant Joseph \. Fillebeck,
son Of Mr. and Mrs Max Fillebeck
Of Ingraham avenue. West Hammond.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

Roland SUMMERS, an indiana Hnrbor
young man. has safely reached the
other side. Such was the official com
munication forwarded yesterday to his
relatives here.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30
- - - - - y -
SAY, WHOSE WAR Is IT.

There is one thing we would like to put up to you
cold
is is
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1918-09-30

II you getting The Times make COM
plant INN e5fAtely circulation apartment
TAe Pines Will responsible tor the return OF
unsolicited notice
communications, signed letters or general
interest printed discretion
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
TROUBLE SIGNS
 IN AUSTRIA ARE
 GET TING LARGE
Reports State That Dual Monarchy Is On Eve of Great Industrial
 Struggle.

LONDON, May 1-Information which has reached this city from Serbian sources contains unmistak- able signs of an approaching re- volution in Autsria-Hungary. The signs, the dispatches states, are be- coming daily more readable.
 A plebiscite is now being held among the Serbs, Croats and other peoples in Austria Hungary, who favor their union with Serbia and Montenegro in an independent state under the guidance of King Peter, of Serbia The fact that the arch bishop of Carniola is at the head of the movement, indicates the serious character of the situation in certain of the provinces.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
STEEL GANG WILL LEAVE FOR CAMP
 ON FIRST TRAIN
Superintendent Packer Sends in Call for Big Crew of Men to .:..
 Start for Camps. *.-...

The Commission employment of fees were crowded with men this morning, signing the necessary papers to enable them to get away with the first trainload of rail roaders who are leaving for the various camps tomorrow morning. The main crew will go to Camp 16, which will be the steel gang now. Last season the steel work was un- der the supervision of Foreman Lee, and the surfacing work was handled by Foreman, Tom Blakey. This season, however, the camps have been changed, Mir. Blakey having charge of the laying of steel and Mr. Lees crew will surface and follow up the. work of the steel gang.
 This is the, first big crew that has been employed by the Commis- sion for some time, and while the first crew will not amount to more than forty or so, it is predicted that; before the end of the week all the men in Nenana who care to operate No. 2 will have an opportunity.
 "Dragline" Hollerbach and his pet excavator will be stationed at Mile 16 and will work in conjunction with the grade builders.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
CRAMtR NAMED AS SECRETARY
 ID GOVERNOR
Will Leave Nenana For Juneau on First Boat to Take Up New
 Duties.

G. Fenton Cramer, special disburs- ing agent for the Alaskan Engineer ing commission here, was yesterday notified of his appointment to the position of secretary to Governor Riggs, of Alaska, and will leave on one of the first boats for Juneau to take up his new duties.
 MT. Cramer has resigned his posi- tion as United States Food admin strator for this district and will be succeeded by Townsite Manager F. S. Ryus, whose appointment as ad- ministrator takes effect today. The work handled by MT. Cramer as government agent for the War Saw ings stamps, Thrift stamps and Lib erty Loan bonds, will be handled in the future by MT. Charles Hall, who will succeed Mir. Cramer as special disbursing agent for the Aiasnan Engineering commission.
 MT. Cramer's energetic work along the lines of Red Cross drives, Liberty Loan and War Savingc stamps cam paigns has, in a large measure, been responsible for the splendid showing made by Nenana in every drive of that nature which has been placed before the public, and it is certain that his absence will be felt by all patriotic workers here.
 Mrs. Cramer will leave Nenana with her husband, but plans to go to Washington, D. C., remaining there for the summer, and will re- turn to Juneau sometime in the fall.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
PLANS COMPLETE FOR FIXING TIME
 OFFICIAL BREAK
Committee Will Record Hour and Minute Immediately After the
 Whistle Blows.

For the purpose of eliminating the possibility of dispute regarding the time of the breakup in front of Nenana, committee of three will meet at the power house immedi- ately after the ice moves.
 The official time for the big ice pool will be taken from the Com- mission power house clock as pre- viously stated in these columns.
 The fireman on duty will note the time; and the clock will remain stopped until the arrival of MT. Joseph, MT. Dietrichs and MT. Me Auley, who will verify the time. ! Seconds will not be considered and the minute will remain for record the one passed by the minute hand on the clock until it actually reaches the next minute mark.
 For example, if the actual time lis 3:31 and 59 seconds, the time will be considered 3:31.
 The observation will be taken from an agreed position, eighteen inches directly in front of the clock.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
TROTSKY URGES ACTION

MOSCOW, May 1.-Leon Trotsky is urging the central executive to issue decree for compulsory mill tary serivce. He says that it is i'm perative that Russia. have an army sufficient to cope with the German situation. "We don't know at what hour" he declared, i've will be openly challenged By our imperial istic enemy, which threatens us or the west"
 Trotsky also says that the Ger man advance into Russia continues uninterruptedly. Several cities have been taken by the invaders and they are now nearing Kursk, a city of fifty thousand inhabitants.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
MORE ACTION EXPECTED

LONDON, May 1.-The heavy losses suffered by the Germans in their operations early this week, has forced a partial suspension of hos tilities, pending the arrival of fresh troops. The reports received from the Flanders front this afternoon state that General von Arman, who is directing the German operations about Ypres, has been unable to make any further advances and is now engaged in bringing up rein forcements for a fresh att[ck
 A resumption of the drive on the Ypres hill positions is expected with in a few hours. ...... H.: -:.*:
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01

PARIS, May If the Allies can hold their present positions along the Flanders front, and on the Amiens line, the Germans are beat en. That is the belief expressd to- day by a Spanish statesman, who has just returned from an official visit in Germany, and who was in- terviewed by the representative of a Paris newspaper upon his arrival at the Spanish frontier.
 The Spaniard declares that the present drive was not approved by the kaiser, but he was influenced by von Hindenburg, Lundendorff and the crown prince, who were con- fident that an offensive at this time would turn the tide of battle in favor of the Germans, although they realized fully that such drive as they planned would necessitate the loss of a very large part of the German armies.
 It is now recognized in Germany he says, that the tide has not been turned, although the Germans have gained considerable territory. The Germans realize that they still have a lot of fighting before them and that the Allies are more determined than ever to fight the war to { finish.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
MAY DAY PASSES
 NATION |S QUIET
Threatened Strikes In Various Pa~ts of the Country Fail to
 Materialize.

WASHINGTON, D. C., May r. Despite rumors of threatened labor trouble in various sections of the United States, May Day is drawing rapidly to close without trouble of serious character having de- veloped All of the big industrial centers reports that there is no evi- dence of unrest among the workers and no troube is anticipated Only strikes been reported, and the num- Der of men involved in the aggre- gate is not great Early settlement of such disputes is expected.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
STRONG ENROU7E
 ID SUNNY SOUTH
Former Governor Reaches Seattle Where He Declines to Discuss
 the North.

SEATTLE, May 1.-Former gov ernor of Alaska, J. F. A. Strong, has reached this city from Juneau enroute to Southern California, where he expects to spend several weeks. Later he will return to Seattle and make his future home here.
 Questioned regarding the political situation in Alaska, the former executive declined to discuss Nor thern oplitics, or the recent expos ures which were given prominence in the columns of the Juneau Empire and other Alaskan newspapers. >.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
SOUTH IS SHAKEN . BY SEVERE QUAKE
Southern California Is Visited By Another Trembler, But No
 Damage Results.

LOS ANGELES, May 1.-Advices received this afternoon from FL centro and the Imperial valley state that those sections were rocked sev- erely this morning by an earthquake, which lasted forty seconds. Doors and windows were rattled violently, and people ran panic-stricken from their houses, but no serious damage resulted.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
MAN WHO STARTED B|G WAR IS DEAD
Student Who Assasinated Archduke Ferdinand Dies In Prison
 Near Prague.

THE HAGUE, May 1-Dispatches received in this city today from Prague announce the death of Ga briel Princise, the Austrian student whose assassination of Archduke Ferdinand touched of the fuse which exploded the great European war bomb four years ago. The assassin was sentenced to a term of twenty years for his crime and was serving his sentence in fortress near Prague when death overlook him.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
CONTRACT IS ||SS tEF FOR LOCOMOTIVES
Rail~oad Administration Arranges to Spend Sixty Millions for
 Stock.

WASHINGTON, D. C., May l. The largest single order in the his tory of American railroading has been placed by the railroad admin stration, a contract having been let today for the immediate construc- tion of 1925 locomotives, for freight and passenger service, at a total cast of sixty million dollars, or at the rate of little less than $20,OO0 for each engine.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
KAISER WAS OPPOSED
 TOFLANDERS ATTACK

Secretary of War Baker will appear before the house military committee tomorrow for the purpose of pre- senting the administration program for increasing the American army to meet the great German offensive. Administration officials believe that the department is in a position to handle three million men this year, the chief problem being one of trans portation.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
WAR BOARD HOLDS
 WORKERS ON JOB
Threatened Walkout of Paper Mill Workers Averted By Prompt
 Action of Board.

WASHINGTON, D. C., May l. The war board has averted the threatened strike of paper mill work CTS, which was to have been called today as the result of the refusal of the mill owners to grant a de- mand for increased wages.
 The settlement was reached upon the assurance of the board that the demands of the men for more pay and an eight-hour day would be given consideration.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
FRISCO DISTRICT CLIMBS OVER TOP
Twelfth Federal Reserve District
 Reaches Quota of Liberty Bond

SAN FRANCISCO, May 1.-The twelfth federal reserve district has reported total of $2,01O,28S Liberty Loan bond subscriptions, a half million in excess of the quota established by the treasury, depart ment. Subscriptions are still com- ing in and it is expected that many more sales will be made before the campaign closes. .-
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
WARNING IS SOUNDED

COPENHAGEN, May During a tempestuous session of the Prus- sian diet, von .Hertling is reported
 to have declared that equal suffrage is coming and that Prussia cannot stand out long against it. "We can give it now," he said. "If we re- fuse, it may be wrung from us later, amid convulsion in our national life"
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01

a concrete offer of mediation by the pope, with possible cooperation of neutral countries.
 Similar information regarding the plans of the pope are reported to have reached Berlin, where the sug- gestion was received sympathetically It is confidently believed here that the kaiser will welcome further attempt on the part of the pope to bring the great struggle to a close.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
GERMANS GETTING READY FOR FRESH ASA U TS
TROTSKY IS URGING STEPS TO CHECK GERMAN PLANS
POPE TO PROPOSE NEW PEACE OFFER

THE HAGUE, May 1.-According to advices received from Cologne, the newspapers of that city have an- nounced that Pope Benedict has formulated new peace offer, which he intends to submit to the bellig- erent nations on Whit Sunday. The document will be of a more press ing character than any suggestions made heretofore, and will contain
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
METAL BILL PASSED

WASHINGTON, D. C., May l. The administration mines and metals bill, which gives the president au- thority to fix prices of various metals, and carries with it an ap- propriation of ten million dollars, was approved by the lower branch of congress this morning.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01

Jack Nelson, piledriver engineer from 20-mile, is a visitor in Nenana and will probably leave on to- morrow's train for Camp 16, where he will be stationed for a short time.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-05-01
CONFERS WITH KAISER

ZURICH, May 1-The emperor of Austria is enroute to Berlin to con- fer with the kaiser on Ukrainian and Balkan matters, it being under stood here that the situation is as- suming serious proportions.