davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-30
FRESH FRUITS

Demand was only moderate. but prices
generally we're steadily held on CHOICE stock.
s@paH 4: W tn, n 2Hs1sE Maiden hush nisNs 1850;
ST. ' ?Tsns q! Green' ss. So% 4 So various r 3 Hsris91ss.
sfi.so@oSsSS; Bailawin." sti@s; Ben DAVIS 4
per s -bushei basket, 4oemsa: do, per bushei
Sassst' s.iaS@g;c SSrsbapp,es; per Y
%fornis. per box, 1894. Fears. New York,
Bartlett; per esl:wN yo J. SOL; No; 2 g
,,;;M;ass.rt SrS 81: NV siaS' $ss; D a. y. Dag
..ii::ssSS@@$i' Pears caiifarnla rif psr box sss S.!
a5,... Pluns, New York. per 4-ot. bas
f 9ec. Rini Gisuas; g 9eGs; amso SO
St bsskiet, saca SOC Prpass' N sPtS; W sSe
sl!ssai.' "ss4' aEs ger o SGsi sla caiiiorn ht"E psf p "s'
s7.5O@lO. grapefruit. per box. SAYS.
R an aDpS 1 T,or d4s; l. per srstS' stGSGs2s
sRd Ssw York, per s,lb, basEet-coneogd
Concord, HaI.a5. Grapes. California. pc
b bSr s M;SsTb basi PeaeSss' few u Y s. 2 E ~ e
box, ascS.i.Ga5. ' cantsicup Ssn'0 beis;waRP s'
Jumbo Rsn s'" eratre , sra5s 80 Hd:' DO. do co. per ao' pd Rs,
crate, s1.25@2. Cantsloupss. Californis
and Colorado, per standard crate, 50; do
do. do, per nat crate, 49, S5c. do, do, do
pink meats. per fiat crate. 75 a SIC: do. do
do. white rinds. per fat crate, 81. 20 q I. so
VEGETABLES
The market Was generally steady. Will
offerings moderate and demand fair. Tn
following were the quotations. Whit,
P%ots,9ss, Eastern, ssSTes per hsrrel-No
tatoes' Jersey ner g.: shsi h. mhlte 20
Slal.l5i No; 2 500 zoe. White p]otstoe,
Jersey, per 100 = Mountain. No
I. $2.sod3.l5; Giants. No. l, 81. 75Q2.s5
No. 2. 81. 80 a.. 20. Sweet potatoes. Jersey
Sweet potatoes, North Carolina, per Dbl
No. I; 81 ;50@t; No. e. sloSSi:7o: Gull,
No. !; 's;7S@4i No: 2, :2g35d Let
New York. per bunch, IS Coo. Cucum
bers, New York. per basket. slgI50; Peas
bage. New York; per ton. sa0a25. Onions
Jersey. per Is -bushel basket. 500 zoe; do
do. per, bushel-hamper. 9Oc@si.IO; do, pc
io0-lb bag. No. 1, N.90g 2.25; do. do. No, =
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-30
REFINED SUGARS
DAIRY PRODUCTS

Offerings were light and the market rulc
firm on a ba sis OF &c for fine granulated.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-30
PHILADELPHIA Stocks
PHILA. INACTIVE STOCKS

Following are quotations for inactive
stocks listed In the Philadelphia Stock
Exchange, n in which there were no
transactions today. The price given Is
the last previous close
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-30
Koontz g. Co. say:

Local holders OF silver stocks are
beginning to realize that the situation is
not as bad as 1t looked when the
Tonopah Belmont Development Company
suspended dividends. That action is
now regarded as having been conserva-
tive n the later announcement that
the Tonopah Mining Company had not
only paid its October dividend but had
also anticipated h January dividend.
helped to renew local confidence in the
silver stocks with the result that they
have had quite a strong recovery"
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27
ARGENTA MAYOR IS
INDICTED FOR ARSON
With Others He is Accused OF
Burning Club House for
the Insurance

Little Rock, June 21.-The
Pulaski County grand jury to-
day indicted Mayor D. NJ. Pix
ley on charge of arson. He
was arrested late this evening
and released on 81, 900 bond.
The indictment charges Mayor
PiXley and others with burning
the Army Athletic Association
club house to secure insurance
money.
The fire was one of a series
in which incendiarism was sus-
picioned.
A few days before the fire
Secretary Grabiel and Billy
Hack. the referee were fined
900 each by Municipal
Judge Ramsey for conducting
prize fights. Officials had
given notice that they intended
stopping the bouts which the
club had scheduled.
Both Grabiel and Haac APP
pealed their cases to the cir
cult court and a few days ago
the cases were nolle pressed by
Prosecuting Attorney NJ. +.
DunaWay.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27
II American correspondent

An American correspondent
tells us that our boys in France
are always smiling, even when
they enter the trenches, when
they charge and when they re-
turn from battle. If they can
face death with a smile, GER
tainly we can do our part at
home without grumbling. And
that part consists in producing
all possible, consuming as little
as necessary, and buying War
Savings Stamps with our saw
ings.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27

tinuance of the war, would be
a popular issue and one that
would carry by an overwhelm-
ing majority. Four million
Ioaves of bread a day are sac
rificed to keep the breWeries in
operation. National prohibi-
ton is a righteous demand Of
the people.-Randolph County
Democrat.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27
LIVER DIDN'T ACT
DIGESTION WAS BAD
Says year Old Kentucky Lady, Who Tells How She Was Relieved
After Few Doses of Back-Draugh.

Meadorsville. Ky.-Mrs. Cynthia
Higginbotham. Of this town, says: "At
my age. which Is IS. the liver does
not act so we'll as when young. A few
years ago. my stomach was all out of
fix. was constipated, my liver
didn't act. Ny digestion WAS bad. and
It took 30 little to upset me. My ap-
petite was gone. I was very weak.
decided would give Black
Draugnt thorough trial as knew 1t
was highly recommended for this
trouble. l began taking It felt
better after few doses. Ny appetite
improved and I became stronger. Ny
bowels acted naturally and the least
trouble was soon yisAtsd with few
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27

have taken place on this prai-
ria within the past fifteen
wears. Not many years have
passod since thev hunted The
Wild deer and the bear where
now mich cows By the hun
dreds craze peacefully on the
Eerdant meadow lands. AND
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27
FREIGHT WRECK

The Red Ball freight going
west was wrecked about three
miles above Batesville Monday
afternoon about 2::30 o'clock
Six cars left the track and the
track was badly torn up for a
distance of about 200 feet. The
wreck was caused by a broken
rail. None Of the crew was in
iured.
The east-bound passenger
train was caught behind the
wreck and delayed II hours.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27

Germany laughed at the idea
of the United States sending a
million soldiers to France. But
they will be there by the Four
tn of July and when Germany
meets them she'll think there
are five millions of them in
stead of only million.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27
doses of Draught.s

doseS VI bihCk'DrauSut-
Seventy years of successful use has
made Thedford's Black-Draught a
standard, household remedy. Every
member. Of every family. at times,
need the help that Black-Draught can
give IN cleansing the system and re-
lieving the troubles that come from
constipation. indigestion. lazy liver.
etc. You cannot keep well unless your
stomach. liver and bowels are IN good
working order. Keep them that way.
Try Black-Draught. It acts promptly.
gently and n a natural way. II you
feel sluggish, take a dose tonight.
You Will feel fresh tomorrow. Price
&c. a package-Ons cent a dose
All druggists. ]. GO
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27

There is an Indian soldier in
the army whose name translat-
ed is Johnny-Chase-the- easel
After looking at portrait OF
the crown prince, we think that
Indian is the man to go after
him.-St. Louis Republic.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27

If your neighbor offers his
life, surely you can loan your
money. Save with the same
eagerness that your neighbor
fights, and buy War Savings
Stamps with your savings.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27

Never forget the investment
features of War Savings
Stamps. When you buy them
you become a stakeholder in
the United States, the best cor
poration in the world.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27

Says the Houston Post: "Ev
en- if that English carry on
were ever to get any sort Of
foothold in this country, Ark.
ansas would TRANSLATE it te
tote on y
Possibly SO, but its a cincf
she'd tote her full share OF
the load. That's Arkansas.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27

The government forecast of
the present wheat crop is $780,
100000 bushels. Sounds like
hot biscuits for all the world.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27

Help fight the war. Pay
your way with War Savings
Stamps if you cannot go to the
front
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27
INTERESTING LETTER
FROM NEAR L0NOKE
Independence County Woman
Living Near Aviation Field
Sees Thrilling Sights

home" and we read it eagerly
from cover 10 cover.
This week as We read the
list of men from gu own home
county sent to Camp like, a
feeling of pride mingled with
sadnes filled our hearts and we
were made sad to learn OF che
recent death Of Sid Coleman ia
France, yet as a soldier wha
died bravely fighting for free
dom his memory shall live on
and on in the hearts Of a CRATE
full people.
# do not take up toe much
valuable space in your paper
may | tell something of the
rice growing section of our
grand old state?
We live about seven miles
from the thriving little city Of
Lonoke and about % miles
southeast of Little Rock IN the
very heart Of the rice growing
section and upon a farm of 500
acres planted in rice.
The country is very baauti=
ful indeed 50 level and green
every way you look except
straight into the blue SIX.
The pumping season has Just
commenced and let me say
here that this place is not as
some think, a low, wet marsh
the year round, it has been
very dry and dusty for weeks
past. Water must be pumped
upon the rice fields from the
time the rice is about two IN
ches above the ground until il
has headed. The large pumps
are run by steam engines, oil
engines and electric motors
there are many new electric
power wells scattered over the
prairie, one on this farm pumps
about $500 gallons of water
per minute and furnishes wat
er for 250 acres Of rice. The
electric power comes from Pine
Bluff, which places also fur
nishes Loaoke with electric
lights.
One may wonder how the
fields are watered, that is, one
who has never seen rice grow
ing. The water is forced By
the pump through discharge
pipe into deep basin or large
pond and from there it goes
Through canals which have
been constructed along the out
er edges of the field. 1t is let
out Of the canals as needed
uDOn the field infcrSpcfed bz
levees thrown up SO as to hold
the water where most needed.
Then the levee walkers must
see that the leeves are holding
the water and that the rice is
sufficiently flooded. He is sup
posed to go over the Ievees
every day, cut some of them
to let the water into some oth-
er part of the field or close
some of the gaps to keep the
water where it is most needed.
The cost of raising a crop OF
rice is enormous. The cost al
this time of year on this farm
when both pumps are running
is more than $40 a day and lat
er when harvesting commences
| it will be more than 500 per
day. This just includes the
farm help and cost incurred in
running the machinery. And
yet, the rice farmers are not
one bit worried-the yield is
poor indeed if it is not more
than so bushels per acre, usual
ly there is an average yield Of
IS bushels per acre, and last
year rice sold for $1.75 to S.
% neI- buShpI n ie io4araeA;,,cs
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27

Absolute, bone-dry prohibi-
ton, at least during the con-
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27

This is the time when the
days begin to shorten, altho
you won't be able to notice it.
The Newark journal. (Newark, Ark.) 1901-1959, 1918-06-27
IMPORTANT NOTICE!
4 4 X
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES pRocLAnMs
FRIDAY, JUNE 20, 1918
AS
National Mar Savings Day
= x
Rational War Savings Day
ay
GOVERNORS AND MAYORS MAKE SIMILAR PRoCLAMATIoN
MEETINGS WILL BE HELD EVERY COMMUNITY TO SECUR
SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR WAR SAVINGS STAMPS

to the natl 9. Of the W President Of n the United
Arkansas acting under the authority Of the United States Treasury
Department. have called a. taxpayers and wageearners to meet on
Friday June % give their subscriptions for War Savings Stamps
In rural communities and the smaller towns and Cities meetings will
be held in the school houses at p.
The school officers viii conduct the meeting IN each school house.
keeping record o. the peedngs ana reporting the names OF all
by them Inc names Of absent persons and OF those who refuse or
neglect to subscribe with their reason for SO doing will also be re-
Savings Stamps (Which States Government
the Liberty Bonds be paid for during month in the
on June e. % S"''' ~ '''
The price of each War Savings Stamp depends upon the month
In July each Stamp Will $48. and each
United states will redeem all Wa saving stamp at $500 each no
matter during which month il 1918 they bought They
less during the early months IN 1918 than during e later months
because the eao buys earlier has loaned his to the
BY way of Illustration, note the following table:
COST OF WAR SAYINGS S sGAM AMI DURING JUNE, JULY
c 1ass e 5s5 August SS a an 5a AGs YS 5ss
u Stamp ~ s 41$ 40 500
so Stamps 25s 10000 26950 25000
s 55 s5. So sss Ss ss s5$ 1855 5$S$$
The law pGoydss t4a no e on can hold in his own name War
including minor children. ,'','''
The money invested Savings Stamps is not gift or
With - compound interest f. because Of financial
rtgeres calamity it aho be AIRY to get your money before
g order t may ~ ~ IS zen Gays t aotce TO any
te stamps payment The Stamns are
from all State and local registered at the posoffce
they insured against o they backed by all the property in
the United States they cannot fall value below you pay:
they convenient and well paying investment has
been offered by our Government.
definite Of War Savings Stamps been assigned each
school district and community which will be each meet
ing on June % The Government Of the United expects all
the citizens of school district and county subscribe for its
quota and to pledge themselves economic to help win
the
hoped subscriptions taken at the meetings in
your county will show and neabo loyal Americans
to whom our Government in this hour of need does not call in
lsisnedl EEGoR9EAD WRIGHT
Arkansas War Savings Director appointed acting under the
authority OF the Secretary Of tine United States Treasury
The Cordele dispatch. (Cordele, Ga.) 19??-1971, 1918-09-29
FORTH LIBERTY
LOAN STARTS
With RUSH
SOME COMMUNITIES HAVE OVER
SUBSCRIBED QUOTAS AT START

Washington, Sept. 2S,-America to-
day set itself the task of raising a
loan of six billions in three weeks.
Although this is twice the minimum of
any previous Liberty loan and by far
the greatest war credit undertaken by
any nation, Treasury officials are GER
tain the sum will be oversubscribed.
Official felt that it was favorable
augury for the loan that the campaign
got under way when the American ar
my was pressing forward in their great
offensive in France.
Subscriptions began pouring today
at all Federal Reserve Banks. Many
communities had overscribed their
quotas even before the campaign had
officially begun. In Washington the
campaign began with exercises on
the steps of the Treasury building.
Miss Geraldine Farrar sang the Star
Spanglod Banner and the Marseillaise
and a concert was given by the Ma
rine band.
The Cordele dispatch. (Cordele, Ga.) 19??-1971, 1918-09-29

Paris, Sept. 49, 11:45 a. No. = The
British resumed the battle before Cam
brai at day break today. according to
news received here. They are re-
ported to have captured the villages
of Fontaine, Norte Danes, Cantaing,
F. yoyeles and Sally
The British have captured the towns
of Epinoy, Oisyle. and Verger. The
British pressed the attack yesterday
without moments letup until a late
hour and in the evening the accentu-
ated notably their progress in the
9outhern portion of the battlefield.
Canadian troops pushed through Pay
lecourt and have reached the Douai-
Cambria Road
The British have begun operations
in Flanders in conjunction with Bel
gian army.
Along the whole battle front be-
fore Cambria operations are progress
ing satisfactorily this morning, Haig
announces.
The Cordele dispatch. (Cordele, Ga.) 19??-1971, 1918-09-29
DEATH TAKES OLD
VETERAN TODAY
DIR. S. C. STEPHENS HERE ABOUT
A YEAR

Dr. Stevens, for about year, having
his headquarters in Cordele, died
this morning at ten o'clock. He had
been rooming at the home of Henry
Williamson on Ninth Avenue and
had been i'll some time. He knew sew
eral days ago of his nearness to
death.
He has no relatives in this section
of the state and none were at his
bedside. The funeral will loccur to-
morrow and the remains will be in
TERED in Sunnyside. He had enough
of his own savings to provide funeral
and burial expenses.
He came to Cordele from Fitzgerald
and worked a cancer remedy of his
own compromising. He was veteran
of the Civil War, a Confederate SOL
der, according to best information OBJ
tainable.
The Cordele dispatch. (Cordele, Ga.) 19??-1971, 1918-09-29
VELES FALLS TO
ADVANCING
SERBS
BIG BULGARIAN STRONGHOLD is
TAKEN WITH DEFENDERS

London, Sept 2S.-Serbian troops
continued during Thursday to press
the retreating Bulgarians and scored
important gains of ground according
to the Serbian war office reports un-
der Fridays date.
The city and fortress of Veles. one
of the most important bases OF the
bulgarian forces in southern Siberia
on the Vardar, has been captured by
the Serbians The Serbs are pushing
on from Veles toward Uskup. The
troops defending Veles were taken
prisoner.
The Serbs have reached Ratavista,
- miles north of Tshtig, and have adj
vanced a considerable distance be-
You'd Koczana, toward the Bulgarian
border.
The Cordele dispatch. (Cordele, Ga.) 19??-1971, 1918-09-29
HUN aim TO STOP
AMERICAN
ADVANCE
ARTILLERY POURING
FIRE ON GERMANS

With the American Army, North.
west Verdun, Sept %. 10:30 a. m
chick clouds and ground mists again
hampered the airmen in the area
where operations are now in progress.
These conditions however, did not
prevent the entirety of operations by
pursuit planes of the American air
forces
With their backs to the outer edges
of the Brunhilde line, the Germans to-
day are fighting desperately to bring
the American advance to definite
halt.
The volume of German fire is in
creasing
The line being fought for runs
through Argonne woods eastward
rlong a line parallcling the Epinon,
Vile Mont Faucon road to point
near IVORY, thence northeasternly.
The Germans are massed in Ciar
lges and Emont woods. The Americans
IRE using artillery freely to break the
enemy dispositions.
The Cordele dispatch. (Cordele, Ga.) 19??-1971, 1918-09-29
BULCARIA'S STEP
EXCITES ALL
GERMANY
BULGARIA MAY BE TRYING TO
GET OFF SINKING SHIP

London, (Friday)- Bulgar,a's re-
guest for an armistice to discuss peace
appears to be the leading event of
what seems to be the most important
week of the war since the battle of
the Marine.
There are two interpretations of the
Bulgarian action. The first is that
the Bulgarian army, defeated and
scattered among the mountains. re-
sorts to familiar device to gain time
to pull itself together.
The other is that Bulgaria now sees
she is on a singing ship and wishes
to make the best terms she may.
The Allies have made q, reply
which should enable them. if their
proposal is accepted, to Judge which
is the real purpose of Bulgaria. A
conference without an armistice what
the enemy really desires
There is great excitement in Ger
many over Bulgaria's STEP" says a
report through German channels, re-
ceived here from neutral countries,
and there is no reason to doubt that
this is true.
The Cordele dispatch. (Cordele, Ga.) 19??-1971, 1918-09-29
BERLIN is IN PANIC OVER
BULGARIA'S FALL
ALLIED ADVANCE
SO MILES IN
RUSSIA
AMERICANS, BRITISH AND RUS
SLAMS FIGHT 5OLSHEVIKI

Archangel, (Tuesday-- Associated
Prcss)-American troops who are TAX
ing part in the operations in virtu-
ally all sectors of the northern Rus
sian front have captured several vii
lagos in their recent fighting. The net
result of the fighting in which the
Americans have co-operated with the
British and Russians in taking many
more places the last ten days along
the Dvina, is an advance of more
than fifty miles.
The Bolsheviki are fleeing to Ko-
tails. The Allies are continuing their
pursuit.
The Cordele dispatch. (Cordele, Ga.) 19??-1971, 1918-09-29
CROCERS CUT OFF
LOCAL DELIVERIES
START OCTOBER 1sT EVERY
BODY TO CARRIES HIS OWN
-. PACKAGE

Cheer up wake up early and go
after the groceries! Tuesday morn
ing there will be no auto truck de-
liNeries for your grocery orders.
You will have to make plans to get
them yourself That is new pro-
blem, but it is yours.
Charge it up to the war and don't
say a word about what you think, or
you will be termed a Stacker. The
grocers are not at fault. Their labor
in this line has been termed non es-
sential-that it is not necessary i'll
these time" 10 MAINTAIN delivery
for such sto. as in such towns as
;vIdyIe Do you get e idea?
And besides, the retail grOcers are
permitted only twenty percent gross
profit on which to operate OF late
fifteen pecent of this has gone too
delivery service, and the delivery
service has been too poor to kill at
that.
The groers have deemed it wise
to stop and October LIST they are 60
ing to stop. Get ready for that time.
The Cordele dispatch. (Cordele, Ga.) 19??-1971, 1918-09-29
SERVICES AT
METHODIST CHURCH

Sunday school $40 A. M. orphans
Home Day an instructive and enjoy
able program has been arranged, be
cure to be on time
Preaching at IL a M by Rev. J. A
Smith. He will doubtless have a
large congregation as his messages
are always enjoyed by the church.
Preaching at a m by the pastor,
Special music at all the services.
The Cordele dispatch. (Cordele, Ga.) 19??-1971, 1918-09-29
TROPICAL DISTURBANCES
ARE MOVING NORTHWARD

Washington. Sept 2S.-Tropical dis
turbances are apparently central this
morning northeast of the Gulf of Mex
leo and moving north, according to
the weather bureau reports: Gulf and
South Atlantic shipping was advised
to exercise caution.
The Cordele dispatch. (Cordele, Ga.) 19??-1971, 1918-09-29
FRENCH PUSHED
FOUR MILES
FORWARD
HEIGHTS TAKEN AND PRISONERS
ARE CAPTURED

Paris. Sept'ss2SsGNneilti their
offensive west of the Argonne, the
ANrench have captured the village of
Sonny ian advance of about four
mjles) it is officially announced. The
heights north of Fontaine en- Dormoiz
have been taken and additional pri-
soners captured, and further north the
French gained ground northeast of
Sanchy. They captured a hundred and
fifty prisoners.
: A German counter attack north OF
Allemont was repulsed.
The Cordele dispatch. (Cordele, Ga.) 19??-1971, 1918-09-29
HAG TAKES 200 GUNS 600 PRISONERS BEFORE CAMBRIA
BULGARIA M UST
QUIT CENTRAL
POWERS
ALLIED CONDITIONS FOR PEACE
GIVEN SOFIA

London, Sept Is Great Britain has
replied to the Bulgarian application
for an armistce The reply, it is stat
ed, is fully covered by the answer CIV
en- the Bulgarian representatives by
the commander of the Allied army on
the Macedonian front.
BY the reply it is perfectly well de-
fined tina tho military operations can
be suspended and it was made clear
to the Sofia government that any
peace must involve the complete rup-
ture by the Bulgarian government
with Turkey, Germany, and Austro-
hungary
The Allies necessarily will demand
every guarantee they consider neces-
sary to safeguard military operations
and prevent the dispatch of German
troops to Bulgaria.
1t was was pointed out that the AL
lies have no inteneion of attempting
to make final territorial settlement
in the Balkans, which obviously must
be o matter for consideration at a
peace conference.
If the terms laid down which have
been dispatched to Sofia anr not ac-
ceptable to Bulgaria, it is added, the
Allied powers have no further condi-
lions to propose and it will rest with
Bulgaria to find other representatives
who can accept these conditions.