Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-12-30
EURtPE WAS DIVIDED
BY VIENNA CONGRESS
Germany Frankly Admitted She
Intended to Gobble Up
Everything Possible.

history will become moro intercstln and
useful During the last Tour years, ire
uuent parallels have been made between
Napoconic wars and this great war. And
as the CLIMAX approaches. Il - only natur-
al that many should seek to read the
future m the mirror of the past
In that connection, SAYS a writer IN the
DAILY Graphic. there II only ono precedent
az value that Of the Congress of Vienna
The circumstances are closely parallel
Napolcon's mad ambition Ia achieve
world power WAS thwarted 10y an alliance
uf nations. and when he had been over
thrown. it WAS natural for those allies to
meet in council To decide what was 10 be
done with the territories Napoleon had
conquered.
The map of Europe had been thrown
onto confusion, IL WAS the object of the
Congress OF Vienna TO restore u TO order.
Another coincidence may hc noted The
allies of 1911 entered the Congress of
Vienna, bound to each other 10y pact
corresponding exactly to that INTO which
nearly all the Allies of 1918 have entered
Then as now they mutually engaged
not 10 conclude peace separately In fact,
Lord CaStlcreaghs treaty Of Chaumont
was clearly the model followed by the
drtftcrs OF the pact Of September {, 1914.
popuiar,N II was believed that the
Congress uf Vienna would achieve far
gr,ndcr results than the restoration of
thrones and the dehmltatlons of frontiers
II may sober present day antlclpatlons If
we bear m mind that the end ot the Ma
polconlc wars was expected 10 usher IN the
leglnnlng of tho millennium. II the ideal
lsts of those daNs did not wax eloquent
about league of nations they encouraged
hehcf IN the approach of i civilization 10 be
first cousin 10 such 4 | topla
Resembling phrases cmanated from
many tongues and pens. The Congress
would result III the reconstruction Of the
.ocial order. there would follow n re
generation Of the political system Of
Europe and lasting peace" owing to
international disarmament would hc
assured An hat wus promised more
than century aCo'
Whatever we're the popular and ideal
istIc antlcIpatlcnS oi the Congress of
Nlcuna. the diplomats who participated IN
that famous council Wcrr under NO dc
lIslou a. to the real purpose Most Of the
leading statesmen had definite and
WhollN material ann
AeNandcr ! II Rllssla elected - i,c his
own delegate. and hi- hycd purpo>, was
10 adj another iarc, area II Poland to
ms empire
Prussia was represented a> i German
frankly admitted, - extend her posses
slons M tho expense uf all the world and
without regard 10 any prncIplC ~ justice
ur even of dcccncv.
Mcttcrnlch, for Austria. and and Tai
cymnd, for France, we're chiefly con
cerncd t. prevent their respective coun-
tries suffering 1... acknowledgements
of the other nation.
Lord Castlereagh WAS England reTre-
sentative, and though he waived All qucs-
tion Il monetary indemnify, he managed
10 secure substantial territorial ~pou
Routine facts - - the Gongre~~ ui
Vienna src interesting il probably iurc-
Shadovlng What maN hapIrn lu con-
ucctIon with the congress ~ the great
var Il lasted more thau cight mont hS
and even 80. W-ts .thlc u accomplish its
lslors only IN appointing separate COM
lnittecs TO discuss special problems
Althnurh the chlct discussions were he-
tween the dclegatcs oi the tN, or sIN
great Powers. prartieai, all th, minor
states Were allowed to Nc represented
Naturally. tn, event created great ,ycitc-
fnent in Nicnn.i. and attractcd thtber an
enormous COMPANY ~ pubhrIsts ~ccp-
t,lries and courtler- Elaborate social
hlnci ions were frequent all through tho
sttings and the dinners, l'alis and hunt
lng parties were utilized Il freely Tor IN
trlguc ~ the conference Chamtcrs
Before the first discussion sn event
That H. an angry dispute aTuse on the
question uf precedence Ia vhat order
were the delegates Ia take their seats
aruund the conference tahic or 10 append
their Signatures 10 the various documents
Tle prclimnsr, ,quabhlt was settled bN
Alexander who suggested thar th, dele
gaios should 10 seated and sign ~ alpha
tetloal ROTATION according 20 the first
letter oi the name oi their state
ANOTHER dispute relating n the que>-
ton ~ - which nations should he r.
garded as principals N the various DIS
cuSslons led 10 more protracted and
serious divisions
l4ut n was when the matter Of dividing
the eitief spoils was discussed that the
cnluifle~ OF tie congress assumed their
rri~t DANGEROUS form Alexander ] de
nande,l the v mole Of the Duchy OF War
saw aid Prussla was set upon absorbing
all uf ~aXonV. These chief grabters sup
ported each other claims ~ every turn
As - RusSIa demand tor Polish ter
rtpry. u j. interesting n REGAL. that Lord
Castlereagh opposed tie claim on the
ground that the BrItish government de-
sired an independent Power established
IN Poland under q distinct dynasty France
and Austria also opposed the Russian
demand. and DIVISION ~ me cougre-s b.
came - acute that on several Orca-Iou-
II threatened 20 lead 70 war
That Il tho IRONY of tho Congress ai
Nlcuua. II was within mar breadth
~ resulting IN a free fight between the
Power which had been allied u DESTROY
Napoleon
From the secret memoirs of the con
grcss. u Is clear that the idesllstic notions
which ~ gathering inspired had 10 plaor
N tht actual dellbcra'ion. Lands and
pcppie- were bar,ercd a. and fro a. ~
inauN countries ~ a game stark failure
attended even Ca-tlerragh- moderate
attempt 10 Obtain tby promi,r 0f the
Power 20 guarantee tbs territorial settle
tacnjs and make colicctit, war upon any
resslicttrant nation ] b, proceedings were
brought a. sudden ciimaX by tu event
winch seslns 20 suggest how futile are al
cHurtt 10 create q human topia That
event. news of which was conveyed TO
Metternich az ball was nothing less
than tho cscap - Napn,cJu from flba
and b. dawn ~ the Hundred DaN,
Kaluh IA lifeuaek Hnu.T1.