davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-09-25

The general primary has lowered the character
OF men put up party candidates for office. 1t
has destroyed party organization and the response
Dility of parties the electorate for the fitness of
candidates. The old convention had many evils
which could have been corrected by legislation to
safeguard the method OF selecting delegates 1t
was most unwise to abolish it. Since early Anglo
Saxon times successful popular government has
depended on free representative institutions, in
which the whole people not in mass able to
legislate, appoint execute.
The convention normal develop
ment of the representative principle in party gov
ernment The great body OF the electorate of
party could in the nature of things bring to the
selection of candidates the time, the inquiry and
the deiberation needed to pick out fit for Of
flee. Especially this true in the case of candl
dates for offices requiring professional qualifca-
lions.
The movement against the convention was ex-
tended to an effort to abolish parties in some
states. Parties are essential to popular govern
ment. They indispensable to the organiza-
ton of the will of the people into effective
preston. Men yield to minor matters to agree
main policies. They act together in order to
put those policies into execution, and when they
become the majority they do Party organiza-
ton should not be destroyed. The will of the loyal
members of party should be allowed to have
honest voice. legislation opening to nonmembers
of party the opportunity to foist upon 1t candi-
dates whom its loyal members do not approve is
fraud upon them and therefore, upon the public,
which is benefited by honest party action
We should return to the convention. in which
but loyal members Of party should havea
voice. We should surround the selection of dele
gates and their conduct with penalizng provisions
against corruption in their election and their &C
ton.
The general primary is antdemocrahc in that it
usually entails outrageous expense upon any one
Offering himself successfully for Office 1t drives
good men from candidates.. 1t excludes the pos
sibty of the Office seeking the The very
legal formalities necessary put candidate in the
attitude of chasing office, not of merely allow
ing his fellow citizens to call him. This is demon
alizing to politics and deprives the public of the
possibility of securing many who would be
admirable public servan o.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-09-25

1t is all to no purpose, however, that Mr..
Taft and statesmen and the press point out the
evils of the present artificial system unless the
people are interested enough to demand it's re-
peal. If a considerable number of voters IN
each senate and representative district of Iowa
were to make it clear now, before election, that
the axe should be applied to the neck Of the mis-
representative primary law that inane and
preposterous statute might, and probably would
be done to death at the next session of the gen
eral assembly.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
NO WHEAT IN ODESSA,
SAYS EXPERT ON GRAIN
Chicago Man Declares That Large
Arm! of Cn>Sacks Stands Between
Huns anil 5000. 900 Bushels.
NIkOLAIEs SUPPLY DWINDLEs
Shortage in Other Parts OF Country
Fast Using Up AMOUNT Stored at
Chief Center in Eussia-Huns May
Arrive Too Late.

CHICAGO. March Isl Ralph
Pickel!. a grain expert. who has jus,
returned from russia. where he spen;
six months studying crop conditions.
SAID today that the Germans VII dnd
no wheat in odessa. What little grain
there was there. he said was con
suned some time ago by The inha bI-
tants. refugees and disbandIns soldiers.
lie declared that Niko,aiev. and no;
ODESSA, !, Russ:a's great neat .orius
center and that large :gln, VI Cos
sacks stands he;Hc.u ;he invading
Germans and vast StVrchouscS contain
ing 100000 bushels OF wheat. ,ev'-'o"
Tho port OF Nikolatev is 2O0 miles
nnrtheaS; ot odessa. on tn" extending
mouth Of the River Erc and gets ,.,
supply OF grain from shipments on the
Elack Sea" said Nr. l!ckcll. Il, gets
is whca. from the Immensely rich
territory % Nazan and Smbirsi s"v-
or"i hundred miles farther nortN. hut
tho Germans VIII have q me ,i:nc get
ting 10 u. The wheat supply in Niko-
la;ov j. fast dw;ndlinE because OF the
shortage ia other par:- a., tn, Coun-
~. ana the probahi.!t" IS It viii either
hc CONC @" moved farther north before
tho Germans can get there
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16

.lMSTEHD.\Hi March Germany
is nov stronger than her enemies in
men. material and air forces and in
tanks" rs well General Won ludcn-
dorh dcclared IN ap interview IN the
Cologne No!k, Zeitung Thc general
said the enemy was welcome 10 ;,.lacl.
and would find Germany ready. and
tina, If lie was not Inclined TO make
peace. he would have TO h-At
our front in the ives, is now niuci,
more favorable for us than /, was last
year" General Won LudcndovM ,olI the
interviewer. How difficult The si;ua
ton Was must be Gauged from the fact
that v" had 10 restore -al;u IN the
cas-, ana defeat Italy in ;he south Cit
now We arc stronger tlHn the enemy,
bc:h as regards men. material. aerial
forces. tunks-e vnry,h!ue, IN ;a"t. OF
Which nc boasteG. ia stanliu- IN rendi.
ness OH our side iii The greatest
abundance.
Il. tho enemy wishes To attack now,
cl; HIM do 50. lie sill! fnd uS ready.
II the enemy does not want peace. he
VIII have to hchr. and this tight w.ll,
"f course. hc the 'uost tremendous OF
the wholn WAY With Gods aid We
r'.l "o'a.n German peace. not u
doubtful rnane."
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
MAI. TO FRANCE DELAYED
Representative Madden Demands Post
naStrr-tcncrT Make Report
to muses..

NASiIINGToH. March I5.-'Dep;or-
able CONDITIONS IN The hand!irg oi
mail sent American soldiers abroad are
{" he Mvcst:gatcd under . resolution
introduced to-day by Representative.
Madden of Illinois, ana Immediately
agreed 10. Thc drs, step under this ac-
zion Will he report from the Post
mast"r-Gonrral informing Congress pt
conditions, aud the rcasons for ;hrm.
Madden anno,fnccd also that hc Will
leave in May trr "a trip Of inspection
along IN" western front. paying par
tivu!ar attention 10 mail and transpor-
tat!on conditions. lie denied vigorous
~ any political angles to his visit. la
is ono of the Republican floor leaders.
Comrlainis nave reached Madden a.!
privat" mail /" soldiers being delayed
IS uu-h as seven weeks. Cnl.ilc most
roicro.siona. critics hc be;icycs The
army officers. rather than the rozt-
oilicr department is responsible.
Many ;ouuc officers" ne said. "s"cm
10 h'tvc no conccrtion OF private !ua;L
They fail 10 motifs the central .c;-
wardiHc Offices "f the various utov.-
mcnts Of ;h' units OF troo as"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
AGAIN ATTACKS HOOVER
Scnhtor Reed tSSaiiS Food tdn,iristrn-
tor for Paying sG.O00 Salaries
to Assistants

WASiIiHGTo%, March Ex-senator
Reed. OF Missouri. Democrat, made an
other attack ON Food .idminis;rato.
iioover and the food and fuel admins
tratiohs generally in tho Senate to- day
d"FiitE debate on an amendments TO tho
8sricuiiur. appropriation bili. requir-
ing clerks in the Department of Acri-
culture 10 work eight hours Il day in
stead OF seven. as a: present. The
amendment finally WAS adopted. 90 10
-. but IS TO he effective only during
;hs War
senator Reed said that while giving
rs attention TO Legislation requiring
clerks who have grown old in the
service TO give more of their time TO
the government, Congress is overlook
inG the unnecessarily high" salaries
paid in the food and fuel adm!nistra-
ticna. lie assaileG particu'arIy the nav
OF the vice e-presdcnts and assistants of
the grain corporation. a subsidiary of
the food administration, which. he said.
range from $?,400 to $4,000 year.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
Will Set Clocks
Ahead One Hour

NtSIIfNGTON. Mnrch iJ.-ClucLs
nil over the country Will he sct
ahead "uc hour. beginning March 81.
under tho s"-rniIrd JayIiEht-sa,fnis
hill. passed To-day by the House, 20:
10 81.
Senator calder. author nf the
measure In the upper brnnrh Of Com
amendments ~houlL bc agreed tn
immediately. so that n conference
would not he n~cc.sary.
The bill provides that mt !. o'clock
i. VI. on the last sunday In March
each year clocks nil over the coun-
try which affect my operations OF
the Federal government or raiIroad.
shall lie set ahcad ono hour. At :.
o'clock y. VI. tho last sunday in
October OF each year they arc To bc
retarded one hour. All business re-
hitting In any Way to the Federal
government will he conducted on the
time set. Further indurcmcnt for
~ use by every ono Is given In
designating tho times In the >nrIou.
>on~s ns United states standard
Eastern itmc. United states .tnnd-
ard Central time. etc.
Innsmurh a> commercial md Iabo
organizations the country over Inv
petitioncd for the biiI. Cungrr.s cN-
rr"ts SrncraI agreement with tn.
law everywhere.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
TO AID LIBERTY LOAN
Wounded French Soldiers VIII Accom- :
Pany WAY nc.ics ON
Tour.

W.\SIlI%.iTON. March Io.--An entire
train of French war relics. accompanied
by Liberty loan speakers and wounicd
French soldiers, will travel throug Il
the South. and possibly elsewhere. dur
ing the th!:d loan campaign, which
will open April g. The relics. which
include some Of the smaller guns. Ger
man helmets and other trophies, and
Red Cross exhibits, were sent to ,his
country recently by the French gov
ernmont to assist in the loan move
mcnt. The train Will cover routes in
the Atlanta. 81. Louis aud Dallas Fed :.
eral Reserve Districts, starting April 6.
The itinerary has not been determined.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
American Labor Will Not Meet Workers
in Arms for Autocracy's Triumph

tcrDul greetings to intcrnllicI labor
comic cnrc nmd assurance that
Nmrriran people arc united in
struggle for world Justice and free
dom. American Federation of Labor
responsible only for emile sent You
hy its Representatives, mud not for
rnblcGram Snrhich in press. Nmcri-
cnn Inhor glad TO meet with repre-
ScntatiNr> OF the labor movements
of allied countries. hut refuses tn
meet representatives of tho inbor
movements OF enemy countries
while they are fiEhtinE against
democracy aud world freedom.
In the Gigantic tn"L 10 dc
>tro, nuto"rnr! thcr" ;nust he
hearty co-opcrnti"n n,rnn= workers,
and Wc hope nUtk;mI VIII Interfere
with complete understanding: ard
good will between workers OF
Nmrricn and nili"u .'uuntr:c.. 4
delegation -"prc>cnt'aE American
labor viii >huril, visit England aud
France to crrnuraGr. "nntcr AMI CO.
op"r?tr IN ;nrthrrnr"r at tar cause
ci iai,ur H.I n0rii d"n:Ucra..!.''
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16

WiSIIISCTON. March I5.-Dc-
rlnrir= thHt American organized
lnb"r will never meet with the rep
rrscninti,r> Of enemy labUr m0Nc-
mcnt> 80 IonE tho latter continue
To support the fight against "dc-
m0crary and world freedom
samuel G0mPcr>. president of the
American Federation of InbOr, has
dispatched the following cablcErnn
10 Albert Thumn<, the spokesman
for labor in France. nnd Arthur
henderson, tho british labor leader:
"l0ur letter .Innunry IG. inviting
delegation tiurrirnn Federation Or
Labor participant" in f.opd"n ru:,rrr-
cnrc irftu1rH :r. rr;,rhch me Feb
runrH =. tuih"r';. - dc"Ianutc
dclcGntc~ Li III" American Inbor
movement vested in convention
tm"rirnn f'cIrrntiun al labor or in
executive "oun,iI dmrim" interim.
ENcruti>r rou3cii in Sr,.>ion Feb
ru'r! ~ with regret fcund 10 i'm
p"N~ihi" to Srnd representatives. he
"nus" Insufficient tin:c to rcn-h LON
don. We "ahlch thi,. fart and fra-
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
TROOPS TO QUELL RIOTERS
'. ". VI. t'tnrlS Idaho sheriff VI hc;i
':" Attempts TO Arrest ono
az Them.

SAN FRANCESCA March li-.!n,or-
General Arthur Murray. handing
the Western Amy Department. an
aounccd Tonight tina; hc had ordered
troops ,'l~i,a .chci 20 81 Narics. Idaho.
where r.o.inG Wa* reported iriw cen
citizens and members OF til" l. W W.
Word received here is to The effect
that when Sheriff T.. l.. Noilnd sought
:" arrest W. NJ !,"i:,on. formc; loca
secretary Of the L. W. w. - crowd OF
20 assaulted him. haaiinG h.m quite
eerinuS!y. Snc"ini deputy ShcritiS have
been s""ru IA to preserve order after
armed citizens suhducd the rlo.crS
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
FIFTY HORSES POISONED
Many More !rIny tnimnis Expected to
Die nt to.inrt0n. Ny.. because
Of Poison in Nntcr.
rhy A,s"ciate,l rross.l

iiy .N-i"ciate,l rrcss.
tpNlNiTtN. I<i. March l5.- Eiriy
horses are dead Of poisoning; in CVy-
inSt"u 3'd many more are "Npccir ID 40
die out "t government shipment ~
-" horses from Camp Grant. Rock
ford Ills. consigned 10 Newport News,
Va.
,r l.. u. Crisicr. Veterinary srrgcc,.
toIirGi"n. pronounced the ,:ca;i or tn"
animals to be due 10 bcl!aIonna and
cr"t"n oil i"i#oning
The cousipnncI: Of unrscs rcachr !
t"vin@i"n ThuiEday n;ah; ut . oclo..k
III charg" "f l.'""tcna Frank Lili",
AND sixteen soldiers. pr. Cri@lcr sad
p believed The poison had beer pl.o-
80 ia water given TO ;hc h"rScs in Cow
inG ton.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
ihc t;ovcrnor
HEGtI.AH SESSION WILL
CLUSl. ON TUESDAY

However these things he. the i'm
preston has been growing, by leaps and
Lpunds that Monda- will see thu. SEN
ators and Delegates. il they obey the
request OF the presiding officers. back
At the tapito! for a few days at least
TO reconsider the appropriation bill
and any other measures that they
might choose 10 lock into OF their own
accord. The session technically closes
on Tuesday. and ii tn. members, are
present on or before that day by reso-
luton they may extend the session
fifteen days. Ii. however, they had not
hecn called before the session closed
ihcT mighi have had - return for ain
extra session Of thirt. days |; was
generally expected for that reason the
members would he called back for
Monday. yet III al! the dope" on the
subject n" one appeared TO know any
thing fof fact till the call went ont.
With adding machines and additional
help in his closed Offices Il; was un-
derstood yesterday that the Governor
was going over the appropriation bill
thoroughly.
Md still there wct. those who
thought the Governor would not call
the members ba Ii. for that action
would simply nect: state "A duplicatio
or the past action on the budget OF
the Assembly. as they would vote again
AS before. Yet the power of the GOV
crnor 10 veto and strike out certain
items and the power of the Assembly
TO pass the bill ovtr veto and 10 re-
place items stricken out by new bills
promises, in case of :, fight, to test the
strength OF the chief executive.
Coming back as they do. the mem
(Con.inued on Second Pagc.)
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
SMALL SAVINGS POUR IN
Wnr Savings Fund Has Hcurbrd SiNU,-
n1O.aCO in Actual
tnsIi,

WASHINGTON. March ii.- Tie war
- Wings iumh reached Sioo.ooc.our IN
?ctna! r'sh received today III NJ
;ioral Mar savings committee am
n"'in"rd. Pledged subscrirt tion. reached
s5oc.crr."co. or about onc-thiii or rnn
total issue. y stream of small savings
is pouri:r in ut tho rate of S150,oOoo0O
a year.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
DOES NOT .tEy'Ei RATES
on nIrU MtNOUS COAT.

TIN" order does not affect h!tuminous
coal. coke. iron ore and ice. which are
carried under commodity classification
because these were Included IN the in
crca@cS allowed las; June.
Western and southern roads had
tanned 10 await action IN the Eastern
commodity case before asking increases
Tor themselves. Now that tho govern
nent controls the roads. action affect
ing those sections Will Il" taken only
by direction OF the rdilr"ad admin.s-
tration.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
Icfnsc to Indor.c vr+n,y.

rETEbGEAD. March 1.-THE Cau-
casus government has issued a state
ncmi. in which it refuses to indorsc IN,
!;rest l.:tovsk peace treaty, which codes
karS. Eatoum and .hr,lahan to Turkey.
and dcc.arcs that peace with Turkey
can only he signed by the Cauc& sus
government. which has sent it. own
delegation TO Trebizond to discuss
peace.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
IIANUFACTt REHS UNABLE TO
DELIVER WHAT THEY PROMISED

The cagcrncSs OF ihc war Depart
mcnt and tho air board 10 rush their
task TO success. M. Kahn said to-day.
had caused them 20 place contracts
with manufacturers who We're unable
10 deliver what they promised.
"ContractorS literally swampcd the
Capitol In the early days" he said.
most OF them anxious also to do their
part and promising all sorts Of results
il given Il contract. In many cases il
turned out iha, hey were not prepared
to handle thci" contract. either nnan-
cially o" u the matter of equipment.
and soon r""u SIS i"r extensions began
IL pour in. - department
we haze nc; suffered this expert
cncc alone. ao"evcr. England had it
France had i. and ann certain that
Germany Las itad it,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
BELIEVED PEACE
TERMS HAVE BEEN
OFFERED ENGLAND
Statements of Leaders on
Both Sides Responsible
for This Inference.
SPIRITED FIGHTING MARKS
ENCOUNTERS ON FRONTS
French Regain Lost Ground in
Champagne After Fu-
riou5 Clash.
2o,ooo ~" i,;ls.mD N RIOTS
.Ar,r':rnn 'T'orn. Nahr First Per-
mamcE; i,'van"" in the IA,nc-
vile Sector.
SPIRITED FIGHTING MARKS
ENCOUNTERS ON FRONTS
:o,ooo ~" E;.!.MD N RIOTS

THAT peace ic:iu~ have been offered
Great rrit'in h> Gornau. may possibly
be Inferred from s,varal significant
:tatcm"rt- given ou, friday Lord
E"hcrt Ccc.i. British minister Of BLOCK
adc. when asked If pr" sails had hccn
received for '"svc 81, he expense of
i,rssii" answered tina; no such pro-
posA!a ar" be.n~ considered or will be
considered" y little earlier in tho day
- Amsterdam diSratcG Gu9tcd Field
MARSHAL Won iIindcunurc IS saying that
TN" entente has shown IN Unrcsponsivc
attitude toward Ccrmanys peace intca-
tion~, ana the great German offensive
must therefor" 20 on" Later in the
Gay General Won i.udcrdogn. the Ger
man puartermaster-gc general. was re-
ported as saying: Since the enemy is
not inclined 10 make peace. he Will have
to light. and this nGh, w.u OF course,
II" tho most t""mc, Jous Of the whole
war
General Won LulenAogrt continued:
we ar" stromscr thrn ihc enemy as
regards mon. matcv.,. aerial forces.
tanks. Hvoryihu%. IN fart. of which
he hoastcd s,nud.Hg IN readiness on
our side ,hc greatest aHUmdancc."
II IS admitted th,, offers Of peace
have bee, uade 80 Serbia by Austria
iu".lry ."d tu'- -a. I'm it is stated
M; serb. ii"s absolutely refused to
consider t.!.an
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
ANTHRACITE COAI. RATE
GHl:S II - PER CEN


>rth"a"''. coal Increased BY Is cent.
a ,on 'aa2!mum.
r:rick. c'ay and related articles In
creased - pc: cent from producing
c,uterS.
Cement commod y rates increased h..
cent rcr loo pounds, regardless OF
t:.,a'cc.
lumber ana forest products increased
~ cen: reg lao pounds. regardless
OF distance.
Tho commission ordered ;hat iii rails
ing tho whole scheme OF commodity
rates existing d.fTer"ntiais or relltion-
ships between cities or districts bc pre-
served. For instance. in cases where
I*t"S TO certain Eastern cities are a
certain definite sum less than tn" rat"
70 New Yorh. ;hiS difference Is to b."
preserved. although tile r"aul, may
sometimes hc TO raise charges lnU:c
than !" ror cent. This provision viii
serve 10 ma!f,iain present relationships
under the long and shor, haul laws.
By its decision TO-DAY. the commits
sion disposed CT the long pending
anth-ac:;" coal ease. the Eastern line
stock and fresh meat case. the Eastern
commodity case. the case jnvolv.u.
commodities between Tie eN,rcmc East
ard WeS'. the Contra! Freight Nssocin-
,ion territory petroleum case and the
i:a stern grain case.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
Roumaninn ,"bin%, Quits.

LoNpON. March l5.--A Reuter- dis
patch from Jassy. Rouma MIA, says the
Cabinet OF NJ. .Avercscu has resigned.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
Tc,a. orders Flour Allowance.

DALLAS. TEN. March l5.---N N"ur
allowance of siN pounds ("r thirty days
per individual WAS ordered by The Fed
eral food administration for Texas to-
dar
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-16
AMERICAN PLANES
WILL CONTROL A|R
ON FRONT BY JULY
House Military Committee
Gets Facts and Figures
Oh War Preparations.
Representative KAHN
PLEASED WITH POLICY
Airplanc Production Program in
United States Two Months
Behind Expectations.
NINETY DAYS TO REACH FRONT
Too Much Optimism aud Too Little
knowledge About Aviation in
Opinion ut Congressman.
REPRESENTATIVE KAHN
PLEASED WITH POLICY
NINET, DAYS TO REACT FRONT
Too Much Optimism aud Too Little
knowledge About Aviation in
Opinion uf Cun2rcssman.
.ila A- socla.cc rr-s I

wASIiiNHT"N. March li.---hner.-
can-built bat;.c planes VIII be Ia
France hy Juis in sufficient arau:.tics
20 insure ,d,quat" air protection o:
sectors thcu nciJ by American troops.
This statement rests on the hig hes +;
authority, and nas made to-niSh: with
fun recognition OF ALI failures and
diaappointuonts that have halnpcrcd
the development; Of the air program.
Figures on The Aviation situation. as
wclI as facts ana figures om every
other branch .; the governments war
preparations. wr.,c laid to-day before
virtually tho :u!! membership ot the
House Military Committee. as ycstc,-
committee. Acting Secretary Crowell
again presided At t!c session in the
rooms OF the War Ccunci! at tho War
Department, where the new policy OF:
taking Congress directly into the con-
fidcncc OF the executive branch "a: the
government WAS launched.
The commcn; Of Rcprcsc: ta.!vc
Kahn, ot California. ranking Repub-
lican member OF tho House committee.
expressed the sentiment % tho House
members on the new policy. lie said
II means ,camwCrk b! the whole gov
eminent on the enormous problems
that face IT, Tho figures revealed to
tho committee. the .mmcdistc cur
rent demands OF The va: programs and
the progress being made in meeting
them. he added, made it clear that the
country was ...u .uaawakcd t. he
- ~, b.. AZ