The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1918-11-21

than two months cut the enemy's line,
4 of communication from Metz anC
threatened the capture of all his
forces left In France.
when Russla's vast man-power
gets into action Germany will be
| crushed as under a steam roller" said
everyone in 1914, and for a time this
| prediction babe fair TO be realized
! The Russians invaded East Prussia
and were making fine progress there
| and in Poland, which was kept up,
/ with some reverses, until early in
1915, when Won Hindenburg admins
! tered to them succession of terrific
| defeats. These We're not due so much
To the military supremacy of the Ger
mans as to the shameful betrayal of
the Russian armies by corrupt officials
who left them almost destitute Of
arms and supplies. From that time
on Russia's main successes were won
against the Austrians and were tenn
porary. Decentralization steadily
spread through the ears dominion,
foStered by German agents, and the
outcome was the deposition of Mich
olas and his dynasty and the estab-
lishment of a confused semblance Of
government by the sOvlets of the sol
diers, workers and peasants--a condi-
tiun that remains TO be cleared up.
though the power of the bolsheviki IL
rapidly waning.
Italy, Once Defeated, Triumphs.
Italy, declaring that the terms of
the Triple Alliance had been violated
by Austria, entered the war on the
side of the allies on May %, 1913.
Turkey had gone In with Germany be-
fore the war was three months old,
and Bulgaria cast her lot with the
Teutons in October 1915. The for
tunes Of the Italians were spectacular.
They won over the Austrians for
long time and invaded the regions of
Italia Irridenta along the Adriatlc'
threatening Trieste. Then subtle
TeutOn propaganda, coupled with de-
featiSt work nj home. brought disaster
on them. Helped by German divisions,
the AuStrians made tremendous
drive and forced the Italians back to
the Piaye river line. There the con-
test stood for many months, until the
middle of June, 1913, when under Gen.
eral Diaz the Italians not only stop
ped another offensive, but turned IT
into great defeat and rout which
eliminated In the surrender of Aus
tria. This was FASTENED by the fall
ing to pieces of the Austro-Hungarian
empire, the states of which were es-
tablishlng their independence, follow
ing the lead of the Czecho- Slovaks.
Turkey, with the aid of Germans,
administered to Great Britain two set
backs that were rather humiliating.
The first was at the Dardanelles,
which the British tried to force, first
with navy alone. then with land ana
sea forces. Both attempts were dlsas-
trous failures. The other defeat by
the Turks was in Mesopotamia, where
General Townshend and his army
were captured at Kut-el-Amara Both
these rpverses We're more than com
pensnted for by the later conquest or
Mesopotamia and the Holy Land and
the consequent surrender of Turkey.
As for Bulgaria, she was beaten
largely by the regenerated Serbian
army. which had great assistance from
the French, Greeks and British. Ser
bia had been wholly oyerrun In the
first few months of the war, bur ner
spirit never died out and in the late
summer of 1918 she not only regained
her own. but forced Bulgaria TO her
knees.
Roumania kept out of the conflict
for some time and then Joined the al
lies. though they would have prefer
red that she remain neutral. She in
vaded Pennsylvania and at first
threatened to give Austria a great
deal of trouble, but Germany came to
its ally's aid, Russia collapsed and
Roumanln was forced to give up.
Warfare in the Air.
The most picturesque side Of the
great conflict has been the war In the
air. II was quickly seen that the air
plane would play big part in the
war, and every belligerent nation soon
had powerful air fleets The machines
we're enlarged and improved beyond
all imagining, and from mere oDSer-
Walton planes became fighting and
bombing machines of vast importance.
Except for observation purposes, the
lighter than air craft were utilized
only by Germany. She pinned her
faith TO the great diriglble Zeppelins,
but these on the whole proved dis
NAL failure. True TO her savage poi
icy. Germany waged unrestricted war
from the air as on land and sea. Her