davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15
OUGOUTS WERE POPULAR
AS HOMES FOR OFFICERS
Enabled Then, Ia he in Close Conn
municatton With Their Regiments
While in tc!io

WITH THE AMERICAN TROOPS IN
FRANCE. December Du.outs are
popular as homes for the STATS OF
American army corps and divisions, as
their occupancy enables the officers di-
rcc;lhS operations TO l.. in close com
mGnica;ion with their regiments in ac-
ton.
The stan OF the second American di-
VISION which assisted The French TO
drive the Germans our OF Rheims had
hut when the push" moved forward
and the Germans were forced out Of
Sonain it became difficult to maintain
close liza Son between the American
troops aud stan officers.
Souain was constantly under fire. So
the Americans chose the alternative ~
u duSout They went almost 10 Souain.
ana IN the very midst Of the desolation
and destruction they burrowed under
meath tho shell craters and gaping mine
holes and buiit themselves a tiuv little
underground house. The rooms were
SO small that Il dozen people would fill
any one to sufocation. but the hous.
was SAT" and-Shell and bombaproof
Immediately the situation improved. for
from the general commanding the di-
vision to the orderly and diSpatc run
ner who hourly risked his life BY go
ing up 70 the from, all were safe as
long inside.
The corps dugout. OF necessity
large and fairly prctentious affair. is
Il rarity OF rariiies, and. with it's cleo
tricity, its running wafer. it's heating
arranaeme and the like. it is dis
'inctiveiy an American affair. The di-
NiSional dugout on the other hand is an
institution which all armies avail thom-
selves of when convenient.
sometimes the real genuine dugout
Is used as was this one in the she'll
TORN hcid nf the chamDa Sne. where
persona safety is virtually the only
FACTOR involved Ir other cases eS-
pec!aiiy in the Argonnc Forest and. to
a lesser extent. in the NoSSes Noun
ta!ns. both the French and Americans
and the Germans, so in when possible
for architectural effects and house
themselves snuSly in chalet-likc cot :
tases and bungalows. which either
meet the supply Of houses tina, do not
exist. or SUBSTITUTE" for those that are
inh2bitable or nearly SO.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15
FRESC0ES OF TlEPOLO
DAMAGED By AUSTRIANS
IHutch in Italian Village Hears Marks
OF Shells from Invaders

NEW YORK, December l4-rrescce.;
Of Giandomenico Ticpo!o son OF Tie
famous Gianbattista Tiepolo. were
badly damaged by Austrian guns in the
last advance OF the .Nus:r!ans. which
brought them 10 the Piave Tho fres-
Goes ..dorncc the walls ana vaulted ROOT
OF me .hurch at the little village OF
Mieio, "het is between Trevjso ana
go =. p'ha fi2ve The. waTc OF i'm
the richness and beauty OF the Ncnc-
iian Dia!n and Venice itself. arrived a.
-. rs Mic!o and then II was stopped.
Al Me-" the marks q. battle have
hten !e!i. especially OF the church and
rs io"eH; Many greuades hit the roof
or the church and struck the apsis,
where most OF the frescocs were. An
M cry shot OF medium calibcr hit the
f re-, s%'cLy aHYoye lhc fresco, of. the
GOES which We're not hit directly were
da!nsgcd by the shock .: tho cypIo-
SION which cracked bits OF the pias-
ter The damage done was not Very
serious because most o. thr frcscors
preserved the general outlines of In.
work' nut Il immediate steps had MOI
come irr"par*hle. The committee AZ
Venice i"r the preservation OF ruonu-
merits ~ once undertook The work OF
protecting the frcsCoes ana Of trans
pcitins. them 10 a place OF SAFETY.
:, lHe ire.Co"s were painted ny Clan
domenieo riepo!o in 1851. and are not"o
nlque OF which the older Ticpolo was
ma ster G!amdomenico worked with
ms l"thtr IN Venice and many other
INC art directly from him.
ne works At Mic!o are some Of the
"htSt spec imens OF his art, Ia Tie
Sch.er OF the vaulted roof az the churcb
- ircsco OF the Baptism OF Chrls;
Grove me human figures there ia :,
Schtie' nsht curve Of angels whicr
niehHs Win the deep sky in the back
ground. The light effects, the snad-
oWs. the anatomy and the expressions
.. me faces arc such as 10 rcca!
NiNld!E 20 mind the models Of his IA
,hcr. Around tho cenirai rresco there
ar" eight tablets in "Chiaro- scuro'
Mh!Ch represent the four cyamCclie; 8
I!lcfh"iCd with frcscoes of the ION,
u, ,n,Ip"i virtues. In these h. has
SHOWN MS mastery over all the nuanrrs
"nu SMadinSs which shadow and lign,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15
moved toward your ,.isht hand or yo,

mo. toward your light hand or yop
IT you know the calendar d,,,
could also tell. from the noon ann Vs
me zenith. In which tropical IONS vn ~
s WGrs, ana -; about how far. from tHs
latitude would be afforded at nigh LUZ h,,
ne stars. and especially in our 6emi.Y
A,0UAiNTNNGI: wITn III
STARS Is NECESSARY
tnrooush acquaintance with urann.
-,.,rs .on,, e.; me GEOGRAPHY OF the
o. geomcirical picture, or rcflecti,nn 'nu
me surface OF the earth in the heayoWt
Sl,v 3; Y"n henn. ,9r every star in the
IN" zenith Of some point on the coutSii "a
anu In the course OF its twenty. fn Nv.
on the inside OF the sphere of ny.
heavens of latitude circle on the on,
s'G. or inc sphere OF the earth
.>oWi IL me earth did not rotate on
anybody to find out exactly where Ut
WAS b. simply looking at the stars
inc same stars would res; ovor ,h
same points on The earth. Every i'm.
ppran' port would have It's star In
the sky like LOFTY signal stand,n,
Suppose. for instance. that the car,h..
rotation: were arrested at the momrn3
wheh the star Beta Boots was over
Ne" "rk; then !. mariner in the midst
o, NE Nor;h Atlatiiic by steering To-.
ward Hcta Boots would reach Neu
YORK, and by the distance of the star
IRON ms zenith he could q, any tins
to!i ms distance from New York
Ihr remarkable consequences NJ ~
arrest Of the carth's rotation on H.
apparent movements OF the sun ana
nc i"nElh OF day and night arc hcr.
ignored because the only purpose is Ia
'now now the starry heavens Womb
"erE" as "A fixed chart OF the nayiratnr
~ mere was no rotation OF the earth
f'echus" the rotation exists the navi
Ehior'S problem tx made more difFcu,, Z.
nus me star Beta Boots is over New
ORR only once in twenty four houra
so mat IL cannot be used as Supuosed:
- Tue Illustration. for q signpos, :
W NAT the navigator actually does ia IN
US" observations on the sun and n,
certain oth": conspicuous stars com
bliiuS these observations with tho in
di'aiIons which his chronomcter give.
NM as TO the positions of such ccIes
tial Objects "a: the moment OF ohser
walton with reference TO standard zoo
Graplic.l lines
His rhronometer tells him n. an.
non"n; what the time is on the stand
ara time meridian of the earth which
ny the common consent OF nations 81
TIC meridian of Greenwich Knowirp
THIS, he can allow for the cffect of liz
rotation Of the earth on the pos;.ion
"i the heavenly bodies, and thus cal
culatc his position.
But this little article Is not intended
|" teach navigation. but only to stimt,
iaic interest in this important subiec,
among those who may not have thou,St
much about it.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15
RELIEF WORK BEING DONE
IN CITY OF JERUSALEM
Free Dispcpsnrir> Arc Institutcd Ia
Aid tic Poorer
('InSxeS.

WASHIEGTON, December 1.-THE
American committee for relief in the
Near Fast reports that 600 women,
unocr nine oNcrSccrs are engaged in
making garments. with q weekly OUT
Put OF 1850. Sixty additional women
were about 10 be given work when the
SIX expert lace workers we're at work
ana class OF twenty seven learners
mad been begun. over 1000 women
were waiting for work In Jerusalem
while at Rainallah. Belt Jalah Bethle-
hem. the need for employment is even
greater, but leaders are required.
In caring for the medical needs two
free disp.Gsuries have been started by
the fund in tho Jerusalem zone and aD-
pro%imately G.Jgc cases have been as
sisted in them SINCE their opening.
To feed the starving soup hitch-
On was opened ~ the H. j. : Boys'
school on March %. one hundred dcs-
titutc people were served the FIRST day
but 1000 can he fed there when sup
plies are forthcoming.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15
COMMISSION Is GOING
THROUGH NEAR EAST
Americans select DIR. Jnmcs j.. Barton
TO Provide Relief as SOOn IA Per
init In Obtained.

WASiiNGTnN, December. 1.-THE
American commute" for RELIEF in the
Near East has appointed a relief com
mission %; seven 10 proceed I" Turkey
as soon ns nrrniFsion can he obtained
from Great Eritain and France. Who
now hoid military control there. The
state D"pa rtfncnj III WaEhinGton Il.
approaching ;rcS" governments for The
purpose. Tnc chairman or he com
mission IS Or J.Ui.s L. Barton. ~ Bon-
ton. ana the "'hrr members are Rabbi
Stcphcn NtFc. II Scw york. frofcsHDr
Edward G M"1r". II Harvard Univcr-
mty. JudG" Victor Dnwling, Of New
York frcsideri = ~. r. Main. Of Grin
neil Iowa Di william ". rcci, Of
Washington, ann Haroh a. Hatch. a.!
N"W org N" pan ~ uih com
mission TO 80 dlrcciIy {, Corstan;inn3'e
anu, a'ier E"N'rf INTO tDDcn with the
local rcJet committee therc proceed
into Ia" ini"'i"r ~ me country. abnut
whose lnysl'hl arg economic condition
hltic X kn",fn 80 resent except that
widespread his-cas p..vaiis
boov OF -" 'eligf wOrbcrF are to
follow fpon if'tr upon = government
,ranspo' io"il"h WITH mediesi ana
o,her nnccsla,y supplies and moicr
trucks "ith which ihese aan he carries
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15
a DAYS WORK" IN AN
OBSERVATION BALLOON
How Telephone station :.Gnu FEET
Above tho Earth L. tonG,;r1c,I for
the Guidance or Guntirr.

Tor the many thousands or word,
that have been written about the part
aerop.anoS are playing in the war.
there have been. conpa5ativciy. only
few dozen concerning the role and
accomplishment .; the observation
balloon
1T is hut fcw years ago that a
drop with parachute from a balloon
was regarded as such a wonderful feat
that it was horaldcd as the ,nicf at
traction at state fairs. Now 4; IS an
ordinary incident in the days wori. Of
the fearless war observer The details
OF this observation work Is told In an
English puhlIc@,!on BY a soldier. who
modes;ly rcfrains from signing his
nan seem OF sufiic!en; interest 70
bear rcprinrirE.
~, is carly morning" he writes
The balloon IS walked down 10 the
ascension ground the winch follow =
and the TWO otiivs:s who are 10 be OIL.
servers for the da! don their parachute
attachments The, balloon is then tog
gled 10 ,nc winch ANA tn" observers
step into til" basket. pnc tests the
telephone the other carefully examines
valve cord. rip cord ana ballast There
is Il salute. and The giant cable slowly
Lncoi!s
=; 500 rec; III" winch is stopped
wind. nh.cn at tina; height /. usualiy
about twelve miles AN hour. Then up
we go "Sain, stopping at 1000 feet TO
repeat the business. Tie wind is nov
sixteen miles ar hour. At every 5uO
feet We sop anti! tnc limit of 1000
feet is reached Then tn. days work
begins.
we are about 5000 Yards from ,ne
front l'ue ana connected by telephone
Win tn" field batteries and Tho
'EenN!es' hchimd, and we could. if We
wished. talk with HEADQUARTERS or with
a friend IN Paris. Tho completeness
Of III" telephone exchange system l.;
indeed thtns L" marvel at when onc
i. talking from the clouds
Our task s. 70 direct the guns.
! Everything IS Worked our in minutes
and angles. We from our vantage point;
must aid the gunn"rs in iu,lin@ their
targets, and rcpHr, on cacH shell THAT
bursts All day long The telephone
apparatus is glued 10 our heads. and
At regular intervals the glasses are
glued TO ol!r eyes Life is reduced TO
tho query. Where d.d that one g0?'
We know the difference between
ish-TeNow OF amatol. nor do we con
found the block cloud that SHELLS
lyddic with the blucy- green deadly
gas Shell.
sometimes We are drawn down at
double quick time as som. cspcciaI
danger threatens: sometimes We sit
legs over basket, waiting for ihc word
that shall tell Us u;;T balloon is on
fire, and that we must jump. trusting
to our parachute 10 save our lives
The days work is fall of thrills
when At last L. NJ MARKS the close
OF our period OF observation. and We
come down for the last time that tlnv
i, is not nnnsual for AN observer 10
his legs, and have to he carried to
bed. Biscuits and milk chocolate have
Kept him going All day but now he
wants nothing so much as sleep
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15

The !'irs; National Eank OF I7c2c-
stock.
The r. II: G. Coal Company is erect
'n= IN add,tioEa! store building amd
quite number u, miners huuscG IL,
SnrigG.
-\n electric iighe plant i. 10 he in
stalled 1T Webster Springs oy ihc Wen.
Scr Springs Water and Electric tonr-
pany.
':i,r Wheeling Milling AMI G.a:n
Company hns been Incorporated: III
Wheeling with $4,000 capital 4iorh
The llartlaud Power Company is cy-
'"rdinS It's Xix River ;,amsmissi,.
system so as to furnish electricity for
three more coal mining compnnics
The Anna Oil Compa ny. capital stock
5000. has becE- Incorporated n;
Charleston. s,
Tho Kan7wha &.rAiirhi-in Railway
Company proposes 10 erect a latYe
'"unuhousn at Charleston.
y ucw county ro1d nv, ;tni = In :
mics long is to he built III Minrn
Srun'Y frc'n Sycamore To Eurch. mich
VIII complete tho big sSsicu. OF sout.
reads running into Williamson.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15
WAR MAKES NAVIGATION
ONE OF POPULAR STUDIES
Once Inquired Into, Its Variou, Faci-
nations at Once isccomc
d Apparent.
NAUTICAL SCHOOLS CROWDED
Many Other Things Must BE known
That Mere Watching ike Needle
of the Compass, Which May bc
Many Degrees or.
~, UAuur:rrr y. sr:,,,Iss.

Tho Cali Of the navy has created a
very wide. popular interest In the sub
i"ct Of navigation. Few young Amcri-
cans who go Into the ships are con-
tent to remain in ignorance Of the
methods Dy which those ships are nav! :
gated. enabling them safely TO visit All
parts of the world. 10 sail unnesitnt-
ingly through storms ANA darkness.
along dangerous coaStsf ANA to know
"Nast!y where they are at any moment.
although there may he no land. no
signs. no bcacons. within thousands OF
miles
Nautical schools are crowded with
learners. and nautical books have an
extraordinary circulation. It is a time
for everybody TO take some account OF
the ancient. wonderful and even-iin
proving art OF navigation
Tho problem Of the navigator in i,s
Simplest and most striking form may
be stated in this way. Suppos. Won ara
on vessel in the midst Of the OCEAN
with nothing in sight Du, the sea and
the skE. how are YOU going TO find
Your way 10 land or TO :. port? You
may have been driven 10 your present
position by a long series Of storms. so
that YOU have lost all points OF refer
cncc and all knowledge OF directions
You may think: The magn,aic
needle will toll me the points OF Tie
compass Yes, 1t would give you \
general idea Of the points Of tho COM
pass. but 40 more for the magnetic
needle ia most places points aside from
tho North ana south lines by any
where from one to more than twenty
degrees. and its pointing is. in some
parts Of the word. 20 the Eas; ard in
other parts OF the West OF the true
meridian. Moreover. IL changes wlth
time So. the necdl. would be an unrr-
liable and, IN pcrilous situations. even
d trcd"herpHs guide.
Your only rc.ours" would rc 10 me
hc2vchl: OohicS-th" sun. the moon and
the stars II - an Interesting reflection
That these unattuinuh!c bodies. miltuna
and billions Of miles -immcAsur-
ably distant IN many Cascs--fUrnish
to man his sole trus' worthy incuus nr
iaaEiuG his way about on the surface
OF his little spherical earth, for with
out their AID he - los, az soon as H."
ventures beyond cyseSight OF Ii! ia
iniiiar nom. landmarks
Tnc sun is tn. first Of these bodies
90 which YOU would naturally turn for
guidance. It's cOur"' through the Shv
during d"y !ight would furnish You wit h
thc means OF telling on which side OF
IN" equator YOU were" and about how
far north or south Of IL If a, noon
tn" sun passed exactly through your
zenith YOU would know that YOU were
aomcwher" within the tropics II II
iasssd below INC zenith You could toll
whcthcr YOU We're north or south of
the equator ~ noticing Whether IL
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15
RUSSIAN RULER POOR
ahhh'r 10 supply Needs Of VIII,
"""rihS From Hunger and

LONDON. December IL rho~
p.'t."f inns story in Moscow 50 =
r"iNNe,er from that city says. r.cnine
Si,.e' IN wel'-known professor OF
'hINrrsitN 10 prescribe for
ms wife. who was i'll. The doctor pava
y op!hi"n that Mime. Lenine was sif-
.n%yrlms from insufficient nourishmcnt.
milk ana moro food" he said "
-, bui. replied The ruler Of Rusel,
now can do so doctor? We Can.
h"' ma pom ends meet on my salorv
a nohth Is hardly enough TO Keen hod :,
an. soid together in Moscow al ,,rcG
81, en- -. cant YOU give some better nd .
y am sorry cannot. IN. dn..o.
"Sred l.cninc accompanied him "a
ne ne door How much do owe Won
XIII "ur H'Sit :! b" asked ~ the TIRES
'o."' ~, nothing replied tn. do.
i,9r ironically, - never takes fees from
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15
COPYRIGHT 1878 NEW YORK TRIBUNE. M

ashamed and properly Illuminated is
putting very slight Interpretation
upon my sensations. And nov. nearly
SIN months after. | realize how splendid
was the vision OF those American lads
going forward into the unknown with
me VIII 10 conquer steadfaSt in their
minds and hearts.
We do not laugh now in England ut
The idea OF marching through Berlin
we feel that it is the thing that ali OF
us long Tor most, and that il i now
quite within the limits OF poSSibility
'n'nN tnat II is the seriousness OF the
American soldier fresh to his wori;
and enthusiast" in his outlook, that
has put new vigor and heart into the
War-Worn British soldiers who have
been S!oESinE away through wcarv
years and who now see the light tha,
SHINES at the end OF the passage
Copy light. 1915.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15
MAY CONTINUE
LIFE INSURANCE POLICY
Men Who Arc Being Discharged Urged
Z" Keep IT Payments az

W ASlIINIiToN. ps.e

WASHINGTON. December IL AS
soldiers are demobilin"G effort will he
made 10 impress on them the desira
ti!i'N OF their continuing payments on
their government voluntary life insur-
"hcr Which can be maintained for FIVE
years after peace. even though the sol
"icr has returned to civil life. THIS
WI! he done by insurance agencies IN
ne army. working together with au-
thorlties OF the Trcasusys war risk
Secretary McAdoo. in statement,
noS urged soldiers to retain their in
Suranc" to protect their families and
q" retain the right to convert this into
other forms to Be provided by Inc :ov
eminent. An additional reason. II is
syn; - ne Trcasury's desire TO make
81 lie soldiers and sailors insurance
a demonstration that government life
tended
Il desire to remind al! Americas sol .
statement, that it is their opportunity
ana their privilege TO keep up their in
shrance with the ;nited States gov
trnment after the war has officially
terminated and even after they have
returned to civil l'fe.
~ ~ present form this insurance
aud total permanent disability. Under
the provision Of the war risk tnsur-
snCe act. every person holding it's in
surancc may keep il lp in tbs form
even after. he leaves the service. for n
period OF i've years. All that is neces-
safy Is The regular payment OF pre-
miums.
Moreover. the law provides that not
Later than five years after The ,erni-
nation OF the way, as declared by pres
!oenlial proclamation. the term inSur-
ancc shall be converted. without medi-
cal examination. into such form or
FORMS OF insurance IS may be pre-
scfibcd by regulations and as the In
Sur"d may request. This insurance
VIII continue to be government insur-
anCc.
The advantages OF Keeping this in
Snrancc in force cannot be cmphas sized
too strongly. The right to continue 4.
IS a valuable right given by the gov
eminent to our hEhting men as COM
p"nsattum for their services. II this
right Is lost by allowing insurance TO
lapse. IL can never be rcSained. When
government insurance Is allowed Ia
LAPSE the holder cunnot again obtain
Insurance. except from private cor
ian!ea at a considerable increase in
cost. Moreover, MANY o! the men ma
have become urmsurahle as Il result OF
the war through physical Impairment
and II these allow their insurance to
lapse they Will loose the last oppor-
tunity for their families to have tn"
protection or life insurance"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15
I'mInski Coni Mine. Heinr ncoprncd.

pEI.tSKf. VA. December 1.-THE
E.,ha:n Dton coal mines in this comfy
Fowler Coal Company. Of Binghamtor.
-. y. and that company will rcOnei
the nin"2 and operate Thorn on n large
scale. the New Yor;. company is said
TO no one Of tho strongest Of its Kind
~ the countr" and viii bring Il large
force nf wor!imcn here.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15

-" 'l!k, December it.-NIiIL ~,
!omS rncrtiNcc during the mon,b 81
H"Hrmner IN Turin. Eta!v. hIowcd n, ~
DIV nan pint - milk per person pcr
a NJ ior families az more than ~
,fSS' N"ies and bars viii no, H.
Mn I" use amy fresh milk M,
y, m1Nc 70 as" condensed or other
Mtse preserved milk Special mil; re-.
dG"nS ar" allowed 10 inyn!ids ana chiI.
na,.mss on 70 Obtain these rat!ons il i.
Snma'i.nn must De presented to he Mix
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15
Rebuilding Thenter mt ocean View.

OCEAN VIEW. VA. Dccember14.-It
Is nndcrstood that the plans adopted
~ the Otto Wells Amusement Corpor-
alton for the5new building and i'm
provcmen!s 10 take the place OF those
destroyed by the recent big fire here.
cali for an expenditure Of 100000. Tho
big pavilion Will be of cement and
metal and as near iircproof as it can be
made
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15

into tho interior sections away from
me railroads. The trucks will also be
Used ia bring the more than ! 500. 90 !
refugees back from exile.
ne entire country from C'onetan;i-
n"pl" TO the Caspian Sea ana from the
SaCt"Su' Mountains TO Syria ard til.
Neoitcrrancan a territory approx :
lnat"ly as large as the United states
east OF tn" Mississippi River. will be
covered by the commission
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-15
distributing Toy. in Lorraine.

METZ. December H. knights OF. Co
ivlnbus workers began to-day the dis
o. American toys To the children OF
Lorraine. Christmas trees have bcor
plagcd along tho roads and parcels
hav. been hung on them. Each par.
eel bears card reading: From tho
land Of Washington TO tho children
NJ the land OF Lafayette and Foch.
Merry Chrisimas."