davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08
Who Is Paying for the War?
BY JOHN R. COMMONS Professor Of Political Economy
University q Wisconsin.

everybody must expect hardships
from war. The greatest hardship *
on the boys who so to the front. No
body can ever pay them what they
are worth to the nation.
But our nation is doing the next
best thing We have more than dou-
Died the pay that soldiers got before
the war The dollar a day. besides
food, clothing, and expenses. which
they now get while training and fight-
ing is four times as much as the
British soldier gets. eighteen times as
much as the French, and nine times
as much as the German.
Besides. if they are disabled. the
government compensates them for the
rest OF their lives, by giving them as
hlgh as $l00 month if totally dis
abled, in addition to teaching them
new trades, if necessary, so that they
can make living.
Next to the boys at the front. the
greatest hardship is on their families.
These families can never be maid what
the boys are worth to them. But the
nation does the next best thing While
they are serving their country it paws
tneir families according to the mum
Der of children. In case Of death it
pays the family the compensation the
boy would get after the war If he were
uisabied; and it furnishes as high as
$4,000 life insurance at less than half
what an insurance company charges
IN time of peace, and permits him to
continue it after the war at substan-
italy the same rate.
The next great hardship is taxes.
In former wars our government taxed
food and almost everything the peo-
pie used. In this war it is taxing only
liquor, tobacco, patent medicines. lux
uries, amusements, new insurance
premiums, business documents. trans
portations and postage
Taxation Of Big incomes.
Two-thirds of the people pay but
very little extra taxes directly to sup
port the war. The other one-third of
the people are taxed on incomes and
excess war profits
In the Civil War the income tax was
3 per cent to Is per cent, and every
income as low as 5000 was taxed. In
this war; three different income taxes
are piled on top of each other, so that
an income of $4,000 pays $40. and in
come OF S1,000,000 pays $475.000 and
larger incomes pay nearly so per cent.
But no income of a married man
less than $4,000 is taxed at all, and
none less than 81 900 for an unmarried
man. No workihgman with a family
pays an income tax.
The largest incomes, on the other
hand, are not yet taxed as much as
they can stand A corporation pays
two taxes an excess profit tax that
is said to average about one-iourth the
profits above 8 per cent on its capital,
and an income tax of per cent on
what is left. Our government has call
ed in the leading tax experts of the
country to work on this problem.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08
ALL FACE one WAY.

In spite Of the sadness and horror
kindled by the war, there is a mya-
FERROUS peace and happiness In all our
hearts. We Wonder why we are not
altogether discouraged and broken
spirited over that .frightfulness' Of
which our daily papers are so full, and
why, at times, we feel certain sense
of lightness and exultation. 1t Is be-
cause we are conscious of harmonious
action as a nation. 1t is because we
are doing something in unison as a
great and determined people. 1t Is
with divine emotions. 1t is impossible
to exaggerate or to describe this joy
Of united thought and feeling and ac-
ton. Men thrill with 1t when singing
together an immortal hymn; when
marching together in an endless pro-
cession; when swayed by the elo-
Quence of an inspired leader, as the
leaves Of trees or stalks Of grain are
swayed by passing wind. Let us
keep in step. We must minimize all
differences. 1t is our duty to allay
discordant notes and to stay In tune.
1t is this sense of united effort which
exults us-this mythical systole of
hundred million hearts. "In unity
there is strength"
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08
ORDER LIMITING TIME TO PRESENT
CLAIMS AND NOTICE TO CREDITORS.

STATE OF WISCONSIN - MILWAUKEE,
coUNTY-coUNTY coURT-IN PRO-
BATE.
In the Matter of the Estate Of ANNA GAIL
LAHER. Deceased.
Letters of Administration on the Estate
of ANNA GALLAHER, late of the City of
Wauwatosa in said County of Milwaukee,
deceased, having been duly granted to Ell
MER w. GALLAHER by this Court
1T is ORDERED, That the time from the
date hereof until and including the first
Tuesday of August, A. d. 1915 be and the
same is hereby fixed as the time within
which all creditors of the said ANNA GAL
LAHER, deceased, shall present their
claims for examination and allowance;
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, That all
claims for necessary funeral expenses. for
the expenses of the last sickness of the de-
cedent and for debts having a preference
under the laws of the United States which
are presented within sixty days hereafter
be examined and adjusted by said Court,
at its Court Rooms in the Court House, in
the City of Milwaukee, in said County. at
the regular term thereof appointed 20 be
held on the first Tuesday of April, 1913,
and all such creditors are hereby notified
thereof;
1T rs FURTHER ORDERED, That all other
claims and demands of all persons against
the said ANNA GALLAHER, deceased, be
examined and adjusted before this Court,
at it's Court Rooms in the Court House, in
the City of Milwaukee, in said County, at
the regular term thereof appointed to be
held on the first Tuesday of November. 1918,
and ali creditors are hereby notified
thereof
1T is FURTHER ORDERED, That no.
tice of the times and place at which said
claims and demands will be examined and
adjusted as aforesaid, and of the time
above limited for said creditors to present
their claims and demands be given by pub
fishing a copy of this order and notice, for
three consecutive weeks, once in. each week.
in the Wauwatosa News, a newspaper pub
lished In the County of Milwaukee. the first
publication to be within fifteen days from
the date hereof.
Dated this 4th day of January, 1913
BY the Court,
JOHN G. KAREL,
MERLIN HULL, County Judge.
Attorney.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08

The Danes never have been fooled
concerning pan-Germanist aspirations
in the direction Of their own country.
They know that Germany entertains
not the slightest regard for the rights
Of neutrals, and that II anything they
possess Is wanted by Germany no com
FUNCTIONS will prevent her taking 1t,
says New York Herald. Can 1t be
wondered II they regard this Berlin
talk of ''reprisaI"--for something that
has not happened and which Berlin
knows is not going to happen--as In
dication that the raplng soon win be-
gin2
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08

"You ask me what my war aims
are" said NJ. Clemenceau, the new pre-
mier of France. my aim is to be
victor" Laconic, but pointedly spe-
cific for the immediate hour. Nothing
now is more important than victory.
Discussion Of terms Is wise and neces-
sary; there are issues involved in vic
tory that must be foreseen. But how
the enemy can be defeated is the fore
most question. We take NJ. Clemen-
ceau means that he is prepared to sub
ordinate all particularistic aims, all
minor differences Of opinion, to the
one great purpose, says Chicago Post.
None of the many things that France,
Great Britain, Italy, Russia and Amer
lea hope to see achieved by this war
can come about until the enemy is
conquered. No better slogan could be
found to express the unity Of aim and
effort sought by the worlds fighting
democracies than this phrase Of Glenn
enceau's. Let US say it together: "Our
aim is to be victorl'
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08

It is generally known that our allies
have asked Holland to stop the ship
ment Of sand and gravel by the Ger
mans into Belgium and northern
France to be used for sandbags and
trench defenses and for other military
purposes, says Youths Companion.
But it is not so widely known that II
has been the practice for some time
of the Germans to load up the trains
for the return trip TO Germany with
loan and other topsoil, so that when
the expatriated farmers return TO
their devastated homes they win find
nothing except the barren subsoil. The
disciples of Kultur must consider the
stealing Of the topsoil as particular
ly clever way to combine destruction
and profit.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08
m nauis orlaIn Unknown.

The Ben Davis is sometimes thought
70 have originated in Indiana, but nor
ticultural writer's say its origin may
never be known. 1t is supposed 70
have come into the world about the
middle of the last century. II was
well known in Civil war times, and II
Is related that it migrated WESTWARD
from virginia, Kentucky and Iennes-
see. II Yields well in vast territory
from the Atlantic to tile Pacific.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08
A. C. HANSEN,
w. L. NOTBOHM,
d. J. HAYES,
Committee on Finance

COmmlIIee on FINANCE.
The ordinance was adopted and
appears in another column:
Alderman Notbohm moved that the
matter of fixing the salary of the
Health Commissioner be deferred un.
til an adjourned session of this meet
ing, and that when this meeting adj
1ourns it adjourn to Monday, Febru-
airy 18th, 1918, at 80 o'clock P. M.
From City Clerk and Acting Comp
troller::
To the Common Council, City Of Wau-
watosa, Wisconsin:
On February 10TH 1918. the follow
ing installment of Sewer Bonds and
interest will become payable at the
First National Bank, Wauwatosa:
Sewer Bond, End Series, No. 8, of
S25O.0O.
Semi-annual intelsst on ten Sewer
Bonds. End Series.
Herewith Is a resolution which IS
recommended for adoption.
Dated this 5th day of February
1918.
A. v. BRIGHAM,
City Clerk and Acting Comptroller.
The following resolution was adopt
Cd under suspension of the rules:
Be 1t Resolved BY the Common
council Of the City of Wauwatosai
mat the Treasurer of said City OF
Wauwatosa be and he is hereby au-
thorized and instructed to ply OF
cause to be paid upon presentation
at the First National Bank of Wau
watosa;
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08
TESTING Times.

When everything is dark, that is
the time to have faith in the light, 10
look forward steadfastly toward the
dawn. The worst moments OF doubt,
Of darkness in the soul, asserts 6
writer, can become priceless moments
Of testing and of development, If a
man uses them rightly and learns
their lesson.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08
The AutomobIIIst.

The man In front drives Ike mao
all day, and the ladies sit still and iook
at the scenery. Man at the wheel mas
no time Tor that. When they stop for
.he night he's too tired for conyersa-
tion.-Atlantic.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08

One advantage our esteemed ally
Great Britain has over democracy
like us is that when some prominent
patriot isn't making good in some
branch of the war service she can
retire him by eleyating him to the
peerage and keep him in good hui
NOR.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08

A club for ex-kings in Europe is an
,after-war possibility. The only obiee-
ton that regular king could have
to joining such an organization is that
the kaiser might get in.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08
VOLTAGE in ThInkIno.

Now somebody advertises that he
can increase ones vocabulary. Wei.
don't do it. What humanity needs Is
greater voltage in its thinking ma
chinery and less honking on the part
Of its vocfferator.- Houston Post.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08

The government is trying to cut
down excess profits. As fast as pos
sibie it is reducing the prices that pre-
ducers are permitted to charge.
This has been done for iron, steel
and almost everything else that the
government buys.
1t is hard TO do this and yet not
discourage production. We must have
an enormous increase OF food, cloth
ing, munitions and other necessities
during the war.
But the government is doing this
in the only way possible. 1t calls in
the Representatives of labor named by
the American Federation OF Labor.
and the representatives of the manu-
facturers and farmers. The American
Federation of Labor wanted the price
of wheat fixed at $1S4 bushel. The
farmers wanted $3.50 They COM
promised on S2.20 bushel
This is the way 1t is done for coal
and other essentials which the peO-
pie must buy If the price is cut too
low then wages cannot be paid; and
If there are no profits, the thing will
not be produced in sufficient quanti-
ties.
The Rise in Wages.
Increased cost of living always goes
along with ws.rs. But here is some
thing to remember: THE outbreak of
war in 1914 brought an increased de-
mand for labor. at a time of great in
dustrial depression in this country.
The demand of the Allies for muni-
tions, equipment, and food, set every
body to work in the United States
Immediately also wages began to rise.
| They went up fastest and highest in
the industries that furnished muni-
lions to the Allies. The employees of
the United States Steel Corporation
have had an increase of so per cent
in their rates of wages, and when to
this is added steady employment, their
earnings by the week or year have
gone up far beyond 60 per cent.
In the state OF New York-the only
state where statistics have been coll
lected on large scale the earnings
of all factory wage-ealners throughout
the entire state have risen. on an
average, over 3S per cent since June,
1914 In some of the metal and ma
chinery industries, they have more
than doubled.
Nobody can give exact figures, but
the cost of living taking everything
into account has gone up about 30
to 40 per cent Food has gone up more
than that-47 per cent, according to
figures of retail prices collected by
the Federal Department of Labor.
But food is something less than half
of the workingman's expenses. Other
expenses, such as rent, have not gone
up so much. Taking into account the
increased amount of work and the in
crease in wages, the total earnings OF
wage-earners have about kept up with
the cost OF living. Some have gone
far ahead, others have not kept up.
Those who have gained most are COM
mon laborers and organized labor.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08

A California inventor is working on
the idea of gIass-bottom submarine
chaser. There are any number Of
U-boat chasing schemes that would be
all right If there were not such a
wide margin between the start and
the finish Of the inventors ideas
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08

In the sepulchers at Thebes. Egypt,
butchers are represented as sharpening
their knives on a round bar Of metal at
tacned to their aprons. which from It's
blue color is supposed to be iron.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08

which said salaries shall be paid out of the
City Treasury monthly at the end of each
month";
The Chief of the Fire Department shall re-
ceive Ninety-six Dollars ($9600l per annum !;
the Assistant Chief of the Fire Department
shall receive Eighty-four Dollars (Ss4.O0) per
annum the Captain Of the Hook and Ladder
Company shall receive Seventy-two Dollars
t$7200@ per annum; the Captain of the Hose
Company shall receive Seventy-two Dollars
lS12.00l per annum; the Master Mechanic
shall receive Seventy-two Dollars (S72.001 per
annum and other members Of the Fire De
partment shall each receive Fifty Dollars
($50.00) per annum, which said compensation
shall be paid oat of the City Treasury quar-
terly at the end of each and every quarter
year.
Section 2. All ordinances or parts of ordi-
nances, or resolutions, in any manner con-
fiicting with the provisions of this ordinance
are hereby repealed.
Section 3. This ordinance shall take effect
and be in force from and after its passage
and publication.
Passed and dated al Wauwatosa Wisconsin,
this 5th day of February, 1918.
A. v. BRIGHAM,
City Clerk
Approved this 5th day of February. 1918.
H. A. KOENIG.
Mayor, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08
COMMON COUNCIL.

r. w.
Present-Ald. Hanson, Hayes. Jones,
Krafczyk, Marquardt, Notbohm,
whip. Wright-S.
Mayor Koenig in the Chain.
ON motion of Alderman Krafczyk,
the reading of the minutes Of the last
meeting was dispensed with and min
utes were approved as printed
FINANCIAL statement of City Clerk
and Acting Comptroller for the month
Of January, 1918, read and ordered
placed on file.
Report of Chief of Police on viola
tons of ordinances during the month
Of January. 1918, read and ordered
placed on file.
Report of Chief of Police of street
lights not burning during the month
OF January, 1918, referred to Commit.
tee on Finance.
Report of Superintendent of Water
Works for the month of January,
1918, read and ordered placed on file.
Bills and payroll Were then intro
duced, read and referred to Commit
tee on Finance, reported back, al
lowed and ordered paid.
From Bosrd of Education Estimate
Of probable expense of maintaining
city schools for the calendar year
1919, read and referred to Committee
on Finance.
Resolution directing the proper
city officers to enter into a contract
with the Wauwatosa Dairy Co., for
heating municipal offices. read and re-
ferred to Committee on Finance.
An ordinance fixing the salaries of
officers and employees Of the City of
Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, read and re-.
ferred to Committee on Finance.
From Committee on Plats and
Grades:
To the Common Council of the City
Of Wauwatosa
The Committee on Plats and Grades
to whom was on the 18th day of De-
cember, 1917, referred the proposed
plat of Washington Highlands in the
City of Wauwatosa, beg leave to re-
port that they have held meeting
with the City Engineer and the City
Attorney and have carefully consid-
cred the same.
Your Committee further reports
that the proposed plat reflects great
credit upon the owners of said prop
erty, and also upon the engineer who
prepared the same. Your Committee
is of the opinion that when the prop
erty included in said plat is laid out
in accordance Herewith, it will con-
stitute very desirable and decorative
addition to the City of Wauwatosa.
However, your committee is obliged
to report that in some technical mat.
tiers the proposed plat d5t.s not con-
form with the provisions of Section
1850 of the Laws of Wisconsin. Your
Committee reports that said plat does
not show that the monuments required
by such provision are shown on said
plat as having been placed in accord
ance with the law.
Your Committee does not recon-
mend that said plat be denied your ap-
proval, but recommends that the own
ers of said property be advised of said
defects and asked to have the same
corrected.
February 5th, 1918
Respectfully submitted,
j. j. MARQUARDT,
JOHN KRAFCZYK.
d. j. HAYES,
Committee on Plats and Grades.
Adopted.
Report of Committee on Finance:
The Committee on Finance, to
whom was on the 9Th day of February.
1918, referred the ordinance fixing sal
aries for the ensuing term, beg leave
to report the same back and recon-
mend that the ordinance be adopted.
Dated this 9Th day Of February,
1918.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08

sunk without a trace" applies with
cheering significance to a U-boat.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1918-02-08
OFFICIAL NOTICE.

The Common Council of the City of wauxa-
tosa, Wisconsin. do ordain as follows:
AN ORDINANCE FIXINc THE
SALARIES OF OFFICERS AND
EMPLOYEES OF THE CITY OF
WAUWATOSA. WISCONSIN,
Section l. The amount of salaries which
shall be paid to officers or employees Of the
City of Wauwatosa, entitled to a salary, who
shall be elected or appointed to an Office dur
ing the ensuing year. shall be as follows
Nav 81
The Prince George's enquirer and southern Maryland advertiser. (Upper Marlborough, Md.) 1882-1925, 1918-11-29

Europe never needed our raw
materials more than she needs
them now, and our manufactured
products are and will continue to
be in great demand there. In the
course of years the balance OF
trade may turn slightly against
us, but it will not turn until an
other generation grows up and
repairs the heavy inroads OF the
war on labor.
Before the outbreak OF the war
the debit balance against the
United States amounted to six or
eight billion dollars. Now the
credit balance in our favor is put
at ten billion dollars. This
change of sixteen or eighteen bill
lion dollars in our financial rela-
tons to the world may ultimately
make a change in the relative
value of our imports and exports.
Every creditor nation imports
more heaviy than it exports, but
this does not lessen home pro-
duction, 1t only means the
people are able to buy more and
consume more.
The Prince George's enquirer and southern Maryland advertiser. (Upper Marlborough, Md.) 1882-1925, 1918-11-29
SEVEN LOavES OF BREAD
FOR EVERY PERSON IN
U. s. SAVED FROM WASTE
Fefmars ard rhreshermen PATRIOT
eaily Respond to Call OF Food
Administration.

From Information received By the
q. 8. Food Administration from the
principal grain growing states, 1t La
now possible to announce with fair &C
curacy the amount Of wheat saved last
harvest By improved methods Of han
ding. According to official calcula-
lions, efforts toward cleaner threshing
saved fully $4,000, 900 bushels Of wheat
with corresponding savings Of other
small grain harvested and threshed in
a similar manner. In addition, other
states, though unable to furnish fg-
ures, reported greatly reduced harvest
losses.
The figure for wheat alone is equiv
alent to seven one-pound loaves Of
bread for every person in the United
States and represents food that form
erly was either an absolute loss or
was recovered 10 only slight extent
by poultry and livestock. While op-
portunities in this branch Of conserva-
ton were large, the quantity Of grain
recovered surpasses early expecta-
lions. 1t il noteworthy also that re-
suits were secured principally through
voluntary cooperation
No conservation measure OF the
Food Administration, 1t Is declared.
has received more wholehearted sup
port than that pledged and rendered
by farmers and threshermen toward
reducing grain waste at tts source.