davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01
At THE AUDITORIUM.

For real thrilling. exciting adj
venture NO Mans Land" starring
the popular actor. Bert Lytcl which
viii be seen ut the Auditorium to-
day. would be impossible 10 dupli-
cate This Is n screen version OF
the novel OF that name by the fa-
NOUS author of adventurous fiction.
Louis Joseph Vance. AIr. Lvtell
proves that he is well called the
athletic actor I'm this picture he
rescuCs man from drowning.
fights German sailors by the score.
wrests a gun from a would-be sui
with q cleverly concealed bomb.
and last but not Ieast-rescues the
beautiful lady from the hands of
desperate men The exciting serial
story. THE House OF Hate star
ring that daring player Pearl White
and the Ford Educational Weekly.
are being shown as usual on Thurs
day. William Farnum. probably the
most popular actor in pictures. viii
be seen tomorrow I'm a new version
OF "The Bondman." adapted from
Hall Gaines famous novel Of the
same name It's the story OF a man
who renounces love and gives his
life for his brother Another big
feature tor tomorrow is tho second
OF the allies oHiciaG war pictures.
the most interesting war series ever
screened and which viii Toe shown
every week indefinitely
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01
THEAT'ERS
AT THE CASTLE.

"The Empty Cab" todays Castle
picture. i'm which Franklin Farnum
handles the stellar role. is "a unique
comedy drama in which the element
OF mystery is kept uppermost. Slid
ing stairways. panel doors and dis
appearing men add 10 the pumer-
Gus puzzling situations and Will
keep the lover of thrills and mys-
terry well interested. Mr.. Farnum
is active and senia as the hero
and meets fun requirements as the
helper Of a lady i'm distress. Eileen
Percy. often seen IN support Of
Douglas Fairbanks. is the attractive
feminine star The sets are thor
Oughly consistent. one in particular
shows the inside workings OF a
newspaper office.
Beginning tomorrow Carlyle
Blackwell will appear in two
days engagement of The Beloved
Blackmailer" The start Of new
and thrilling serial entitled a
Fight for Millions is also scheduled
for tomorrow.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01
Speaking of Guns
BY WOODS HUTCHINSON VI. ID.

n shen fred rom a cannon or a bull
lct fired from a rifle from Aging
straight on indefinitely are first tho
resistance Of the air. which slows
&; down rapidly AID second the pull
Of gravitation which causes Il TO
drop toward the earth. Hence If it
Is desired 20 huri a shell any great
distance. the muzzle OF the cannon
is elevated. so that the action or
pull OF gravity Will he resisted as
Ions as possible and the shell in
stead Of travelling in anything like
straight line, travels In an arching
curve or parabola something like a
stream OF water from a hose.
The further then that a shell is
desired 20 carry, the higher is the
angle 10 which the mouth OF the
cannon is elevated. so that il may
make. so 20 speak. as long and high
a jump as possible before beginning
TO curve down toward the earth
again
This means. therefore. in a bonn
bardment at six or eight miles dis
lance. ordinary siege gun range. the
projectile at the highest point OF its
curve may reach a height above the
earth Of a mile and a half If IL is
desired TO Ere the shell 20 miles,
the elevation OF the muzzle OF the
cannon is still greater. and the pro
jectile will reach a height near the
center of its course of perhaps three
or four miles above the earth.
This brings In another factor and
that is that the density OF the air is
greatest near the surface of the
earth and diminishes rapidly as we
rise away from IT, All mountain
climbers. for instance. who have
reached heights of over eight or ten
thousand feet, roughly speaking.
two miles, will wildly remember the
difficulty which they had in getting
their breath on account OF the thin
ness and rarity of the air and con
sequently the much smaller amount
OF oxygen contained in every lung
tul
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01

There is am ancient classic story
Of an inoneusive but not particularly
brilliant individual. who possessed
just one good story. which he anx-
iously sought 10 ind an opening fo-
at every dinner party. The story had
90 do with a gun and II nc could
ind no other method OF introddc-
tion. iu the first hull OF the CONVEX
satlon ne would stamp vigorously
with one foot on the floor under tho
table. and then eXclaim, How much
that sounds like a gun. Speaking
or gums reminds me-"
in these days it is hardly neces-
sary 20 use this or any other intro
duction when wishing 20 speak Of
guns. for the thunder and roar Of
them Or ever in our minds ear. We
are fairly deafened not only by
their roar but by stories of new
triumphs Of murderousness in the
way Of cannon from "Soixante-
guinness 20 Krupp's and Skods But
there are one or two points Of such
singular and unusual interest from
purely scientific point of view
about the latest German triumph
i'm the murder of non-combatants,
the 7O-mue gun now bonn harding
Paris. that one is tempted 10 relate
"a gun story.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01

Tn the first place like everything
else which the Germans have used
IN this war. IL was not an original
invention OF their own. but borrow
ed from one of their present enc
mics. About the time of Queen Vic
toria's jubilee i'm England, some 80
years ago, some OF the English ord
nance experts hit out the method
which made possible this extraord-
mary feat of long distance murder,
and produced a gun that would carry
30 miles with ease. But after haV-
ing accomplished il as an expert
ment in pure science they abandoned
il as useless for any practical pur-
pose on account Of the impOssibility
of anything even approaching accu-
racy Of aim and consequently the
great danger of injuring non-com-
batants some four or five miles TO one
side or the other Of the fort or army.
which they were endeavoring to hit.
&C was definitely laid aside as too
barbarOus for use in modern civil
lied warfare
But this of course was what espe-
cially attracted the Germans TO Il
and the military experts and spies.
which the kaiser had brought 20
England with him on his friendly
visit. professed great interest in the
new discovery and proceeded in get
ting from their courteous guides and
entertainers all the plans and details
which were necessary to produce
these 3O-mIe guns. thinking that
they might come in handy 70 use
against their unsuspecting and hos
pitable hosts sometime in the fu-
ttre
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01

The success OF Billie Burle's re-
cent Comcdy-drama. Arms and the
Girl proves that phOtOplay guerS
will crowd the theater 90 see her i'm
the delightful farce comedy. This
type Of vehicle i provided for her
again next Tuesday when ~he ap-
pear at the LaSalle in The Land
81 Promise" Ewes Daughter. d"
~Let'e Get Divorce" aud 1.-The Pur-
suit OF Polly" all starring this
dainty comedicnnc. arc forthcoming
attractions
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01

William =. Hart. who has millions
OF admirers among both children
and growrup-. comes to this thCatcr
two days. beginning Iricay IN a
brand new drama of the western
plains. Mr. Harris new features
under the Paramount banner are
shown exclusively al the IaSallc.
When YOU see hi- name on our
screen or ads You viii know "a D. not
an old Reissue or "a revival OF some
thing you have seen.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01
KILLED IN ACTION.

FORT WAYNE. Ind, Aug L.
Amos Walker, p years old. son Of
John Walker OF Columbia City. was
killed in action July p, according
70 word received By his father We'd
nesday night lie was member
OF company T. 152nd infantry.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01

They took the idea back with
them and proceeded TO experiment
with it and improve on it. The prin-
ciple upon which the feat depends is
rather a simple one. As everyone
knows. the two things which prevent
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01

Percy y. Haughton. president of
the Boston National league baseball
club. has won a commission as Il
major in the chemical warfare serv-
ice of the army. according 10 a re-
port from Washington.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01

There IA quite a trick in covering seeo
end this and lots Of other vsluable in
formation for the City Farmer ia
found IN the free garden primer sent
out BY the National War Garden Com.
mission Of Washington. Have you re-
eeived yours7
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01

see clever Margarine Fischer in
her latest comedy at This theater to-
day.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01

COMM mabel Normand IN,
Back Go the NOods'-neNt week.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01
SzgZ:zZEk!EIS

NOTICE-TEe Afternoon Edition Of The
News-Times carries special review 81
roday's Picture.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01

Miss Mills has also prepared
number of recipes in which vege-
tables which have been sailed or
preserved in brine. may be used 70
good advantage. They will be pub
lished in this column from TIME TO
time.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01
PUTTING HIM WISE

Have straight rows in the garden
md have long, straight rows of canned
vegetables on the pantry ihslyes.
Send . t,So-cent stamp to the its-
uonsl War Garden Commission
Warrington. for free canning and
iryinr book.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01


what is "ovet there
shoudse wrcws
of Friday shows peen
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-01
Directions for
Sailing and Bri1ing

The following article on saltins
and brining has been prepared oy
Miss Juanita Mills. county home
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16
CONTINUE f. ROSE.
HEARING TO TUES.
JANUARY z At 1C
LAWYERS AGREE ON DATE FORT
G PROSECUTION OF DYNAMITE
CASE WHEN TRIAL IS CALLED
THIS MORNING.

The trial OF Edward Rose, Main
street gunsmith, accused by the city
of violating the dynamite storage or
linance, today was fixed Tor hearing
BY Justice George koenig, January -,
at 9 o'clock
Mr.. Rose appeared for trial in The
justice court In response 10 warrants
served on him yesterday by Ohicer
Jerry looney. The warrants were
sworn TO by Chief OF Police George
Zurich
prepared to combat the city'S
charges Nr. Rose retained Attor0t
Lester ]. Iloran 10 represent him az
the trial Attorney Roger Clark is
looking after the city's case. Both
counsels are making preparations for
a stiff fight. one to bring about a con-
vction OF he defendant aud the other
t0 bring about his acquittai.
No bonds were posted and when the
case was called this morning a con
tinuance was taken by agreement
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16
HIGH SCHOOL B0yS|
ATTACK NTERURBAN|
DR|F IS; OPEN LINE
GANG or FORTY MEN SENT OUT
Cs STREATOa.OTTAWA DIV,
StON--WORk ALL kiGHT--CARS
IN OPERATION TODAY FOR THt
FIRST TIME SINCE FRIDAY,

A Large force OF men. including
hall dozen high school boys last
night cleared path thru the mon
slrons snow drifts that blocked he
G.. O. X +. tracks south Of town anG
this morning the first car was sent
CIT over the StrcatorOttaHa division
s,nce last Friday.
The shovclcrs were employed as
rapidly agthoy applied for work anG
when he gang vas thOrOly organized
they Rerr ordered to attack the
drifts. which they did with such de.
termination that after thirteen hours
hard Toll the light-of-way vas pasa-
a1le by shortly after daybrcak,
Forty energetic hustlers made H."
the shovel brigade and at 1850 south
sidprs were treated 10 their iirst
glimpse OF one OF the large coachrs
since live days ago,
The high school boys, cnticcd by
the Offer Of perfectly good rouno
dollar Tor every two and one.halt
hours work, grabbed at the oppor.
unity to yet ont and earn some We
cation money while being of service
% the community in general They
quit hrir posts this morning wish u
Grand total Of $500 on the crcdlt
side. tired. hungry and droWs!.eyei
but we'll content with their nights
Work--and earnings.
Work on Local Line,
This morning large force of men
reinforced by a team-drawn scrapcr
was pvt to work clearing the n |. =.
4 T. Co tracks of snow. The entire
line will be cleared up ard by to
morrow the company expects to nave
its local ears operating in all diroc
lions from the loop
Al the present time only the Sout'
Ottawa line is operating tho cas-
! across the river being pat in commits
sion Monday and being heavily p&
tronized since that time
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16
c. 0. & P. PROGRESSING
IN FIGHT AGAINST SNOW

The G, O " T. Railway is making
progress in it's fight on the snow
which has impodcd traffic since Fri.
day night The interurban line is
slowly recovering from the effects of
the last blizzard, although the fight
has been hard one and taxed the
capacity Of the railroad employees.
aided by gangs OF laborers
Service into Princeton was rcsum.
ed yesterday and cars are now oper-
aling over the entire main line. The
Ladd branch Is still closed and tne
fght is centcring there today Great
drift, are piled over ,he tracks be-
tween Hicks Junction and ladd. hut
It is believed that he right OF way
viii be cleared by today.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16
T0REC|STER ALIEN
FOE IN FEBRUARY
POLICE DEPARTMENT Wit.ts .AAyE.
CHARGE or W. Ak OF TABslN1
ALL ENEMY RESIDENTS IN CITY
OF OTTAWA.

Instructions sent to state oilcia#
rom WASHINGTON state that alien
enemies subject to registration under
he Presidents proclamation Of No.
embcr l6, l9l1, must regis or he
ween a. m February t. and S p. m.
February ..
Women are not to ho compelled 20
egister. The registration applies
only to male Germans II years od
r over who are not naturali6ed.
in all cities where the population
IS over j.coo the chief Of police Will
ae the chic. registrar IN the smaller
,ommunifes the poStmasDcre viii he
he registrars.
Postmaster ]. W Patton. of Snriha
,eld. is the registrar for the conmuhi.
es OF less than 200 population.
The United States marshal Will have
eneral superN ision OF the entire reg
stra,ion for rhc district
General rules and regulations and
equirod forms for the registration
have not been received, hat will he
ent TO the registrars by the mafeh&
as soon as they arrive.
The ue wSpapers Of the district ar'
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16

The coal situation in Ottawa il
slightly relieved" said Fuel Admins
traitor p. c. Swift in statement is
sucd today. "but that is no occasion
for people becoming recklesiondsnd
start burning UP their supply were ,
have bon fires on the street $50
he humor9usly added. ,et
Local dealers reported 70 Mr.. Swift
there was lessening OF the situa-
tion, but that conditions even noU
were anything but normal Four cars
of coal were received IN the city late
yesterday and during The might and
others were reported on the way, with
prospects Of their arrival here late
lhis afternoon.
One Of the ears turned over for gen
eral consumption was delivered to the
Ottawa Silica Company, and released
apporsionmett among the residents OF
the city. This supplemented the re-
ceipt OF ether coal from the mines di-
rect to the local dealers.
Three cars were reported on the
siding at Sheridan Junction and con
signed to Ottawa. The opening Of the
20" to traffic will permit transferring
these cars 10 their destination. Deal
era report score or more ears Ot
coal on the way and word from the
railways indicates thai the majority
OF them will be received here in the
course of tho next week and shunted
into Ottawa yards.
The railroads, according to Ottawa
dealers, are doing everything within
thoir power to relieve tho situation
Coal and pershables are being NOV
cd az rapidly as possible. in pref
crence to other forms of freight.
Three Hundred Orders Today.
Three hundred orders were on the
reuiiprs" tnbs Tor delivery today BY
the amount of calls for fuel it can be
readily seen what means have to be
adopted by the dealers to keep ever!
one supplied with enough coal to hea,
their homes Wagons are being KEEP
on the jump late INTO the night. Al
the orders posted today were mad,
by people who were in absolute neet
OF fuel They, of'coursc, were glver
attention first.
with all the schools closed and tn,
business houses working upon
short day basis there il a CLOWN;
prospect OF saving Ottawa from
famine" said Mr. Swift. "Everyon,
seems to realize the need of drasti
steps and are willing TO help all the,
can in conserving the little suppl
Ottawa gets from day TO day"
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16
IS NOW SERGEANT
JERRY O'CONNOR

Jerry OConnor. who left Ottawa
with the second increment OF soldiers
for Camp Dodge, but who later was
transferred to Camp Pike Little Rock,
Ark, is now full nedged sergeant
with his three bars on the sleeve
of his coat
Shortly after his arrival at Camp
Dodge O'Connor was elevated to q
corporal's post. but since his arrival
at Camp Pike, whore he was assigned
to Go. l.. 34jth Infantry, he was
boosted a notch.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16
APPRECIATE WORK OF
FIRE FIGHTERS IN
A SUBSTANTIAL WAY

The Free Trader.lournal Is author
izcd on behalf of the Ottawa iircmon
to extend to Mr. V j. Duncan and
Judge Edgar Eldrcdge vote of
thanks for the checks sent their or.
ganizali0n following the fire al Inc
Rose residence in East Ottawa.
ON the day following the fire Mr.
Duncan sent a eheek OF 500 ,t'li
Judge Eldredgc one OF $2j, 10 the
Ottawa iircmen as a mark Of appre.
citation for their services IN prcscry-
ing east side property on the night
Iot the fire
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16
ALLIES FOOD LOST
IN NEW YORK FIRE

Nav York, Jan lG. Fire today de.
stroycd the Robinson store house in
brooklyn and hundreds OF tons Of
government food supplies awaiting
shipment to France. The blaze follow.
ed the explosion Of an oil lamp in tho
employees wash room on the second
loor Of the iyestory structure
II was al first thought the fire might
have been of inccndiarv origin
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16
EXTRA!
INDUSTRIES TO
CLOSE 6 DAYS

Chicago, Jan. 166.--Every indus
try in Illinois ordered closed Satur.
day, Sunday and Monday. January
10, 20, 2I and January rs, 27, %, to
conserve coal, by state fuel admins
tration this afternoon. This order
affects Everything" except certain
retail establishments, war industries
and food distributing places.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16
FIND SUPPOSED M
r BOMB IN y. S. YARDS

An Atlantic Port, Jan 16.-rA sup
posed bomb was found in a dry dock
at a United States Naval Station In
which ono OF the largest U. S. battle
ships was docked.
The supposed bomb was about six
inches long md shaped like tele-
phone receiver A fuse was attached
10 II.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16
DEFENSE COUNCIL.
ADOPTS RESOLUTION
DRAWN BY SHERIFF
IA SALE COUNTY OFFICIAL Pr G
SENIS PAPER WHICH Is UNAi:.
lMouSLY ADOPTED BY STATE
MEETING.

A resolution presented by ShernI
+. NJ. Davis to the State Council OF
Defense was adopted by that body al
tho concluding session of a genera:
meeting held In Chicago, at which tie
entire state was asked to put itceif
on record during the present va.
crisis The Chicago Tribune, in IL
t-ecoun' of the rneeting says;
There should be- full record OF
what everybody is doing in each cour
ty to help win the war. We must ur-
earth the slackers. BY slaciiers I
mean the slackers in civil life. None
ehould be allowed to shirk the civil
responsibilities and sacrifices that
rnurt be made 10 win the wai.'
This was the final message OF Sam.
1el insult, chairman OF the State
Council OF Defense. as the two day
Illinois war conference came to 4
close yesterday afternoon. and 1t
summarized the days proceedings and
the determination reached by the ger
efai conference and all the divisional
meetings which had been held dur
ing the day
Tho final meeting approved two
resolutions, one offered by Sheriff H.
NJ. Davis of Ottawa, representing t.e
La Sale County Neighborhood Coui-
mittee, and the other by George r
Jones. chairman of the speakers di-
vision
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16
One for Each Window

The worst thing about the profuse-
~ windowed sleeping room, observes
the Kansas City Star Is thnt you have
70 get ~ so many times before you
inally locate the window which is do.
Ing the rattllng.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16
Go ard % X.

A man was asked how he accom-.
plishcd so much in life. "My father
taught me- WIS thc reply. "whon
had anything 10 do to 20 and do t.
Exchange.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16
FUEL BOARD ADVISES
STRICT ECONOMY TO
CONSERVE SUPPLY
CARS ARE ON TRACKS
CITY IS PARTIALLY SUPPLIED
WIEN TRAINS DROP COAL IN
LOCAL YARDS FOR coNsUMp.
r,oN OF ResloeNTs-3oo EMER.
CeNcY ORDERS FILLED TO-DAY.
CUT OUT NON-ESSekTiAl
PLANTS.

Springfield, Jan. ,6.--In accord
ance with orders received from
state Fuel Administrator Williams.
coal contracts to non-essential in
dvstries in Central illinois will be
ianored until the demands Of re-
tailers and public utilities concerns
are supplied according TO coal op
orators here today.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16
Won BERNSTORFF.
Sink Ship but Save CailIaux.

'202 Naval Attacho 10 Admiralty
StalI Havana Telegram,
'Tol REQ De Janoiro. Telegraph
that the steamer Araguaya loft
Buonos Ayers January 20 The
The captain is carrying important
papers. Capture very desirable.
CailIauX is on board In case OF
captain is carrying important
siyn way be- treated with courtesy
and consideration. Can you In.
form Our cruisers?
BERNSTORFF.'
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16

EvesytAlng Is worth what It's pur-
CHASER win pay for II, according to an
old saying.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-01-16

Washington, Jan. o. Further proof that
German intrigue was rampant in Argentina as
far back as February 1915, came from the state

department today. In
this connection it made
public the intercepted
kilograms which have resulted in the
Imprisonment Of former Premier Gait
iaux. of France. under an espionage
charge.
The cablegram also showed that
Count Won Bcrnstorii was at that
time carrying on most dangerous pro-
German propaganda from this city.
State Department Expose.
The statement as made public by
the state department today il as fol-
lows:
"rhe department Of State communi.
Gates 10 the press the following feie-
grams sent by Count Won BernstOrf
to his governments on February 4,
1915;
Shows Friendship for Premier.
'"'No. us. Buenos Aires telo-
graph the, following: No. 2l-Cal-
aux has left Buenos Aires after
short stay and is going direct TO
France, evidently on account Of the
scandal which ne regards as a per-
sonal attack upon himself. He
speaks contcmptuously OF the presi'
dent and Of the rest Of the French
government with the exceptions, OF
! BRAND. He sees through, the spNls
| icy Of England perlecelg. He dpfe
/ not anticipate the complete over
! throw OF France. He etsees In .the
j war now 4 struggle for existence on
/ the part OF England. Although he
szHaoseess.sx4ahe c;anaseaesen6s~aAn1
(, clumsy policy Of the Wilhelms-
trasse and professcd to believe IN
; German atrocities he has, in essen
: tials. hardly changed his political
y NTlp0IailNH. diiHuA NeNoIIeu III
direct courtesies from me hut en-
phasi2od tho extreme caution which
he il obliged 10 show, as the French
/ government. he said. had him watch
I cd even here He warned us
( against the excessive praise bestow.
cd upon him by our papers, OF spe-
I cially the new Frei presse. and de.
= sired on the other hand that the
! Mediterranean and Morocco agree.
mcnt should be adversely criticised
Our praise Injuries his position in
( France. CallauXs reception here
was cool His report about Brazil
/ had nothing new On hia return to
France he will begin to work with
those who reside in his constituent
cy. He fears for Paris and the fate
Of Jaurcs.
Won BERNSTORFF.
cink Shin hat Gaya raiiIa,,y