davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-17
New German Defence System
Planned to Draw Foe Into Trap
Principle of Depth With Fanking Fire and Rearmos Po
sltions Strongest, Substituted for Old Barrier
Scheme of Three Parallel Lines

of the old defence system 1t will be
seen that it no longer consists of three
parallel trenches, but of eight trenches
or portions OF successive trenches, pro-
tected by wire entanglements. And
TINS figure eight can be extended to ten,
twelve, and even more, is the impor-
lance of the position or the nature of
the ground so demand
In the new system there is no longer
a first line, second line, or third line.
The first barrier is called the 'Vorfeld-
battlezone. The German front lines
consist simply of craters or small shell
ters, where observers are stationed;
then, further back, the trenches get
deeper, more solid and better supplied
with material and men. The first zone
Is intended to furnish a permanent
view of the enemy and also, in case
OF attack, to offer a resistance which
Will seriously weaken the force of the
attacker
Main Battle Zone
"The second barrier is called the
'Grosskampfzone,' the main battle zone.
Here, as in the preceding case, there is
a system of works and trenches graded
in depth to great distance with strong
points and shelters. The machine guns
are distributed chessboard fashion,
some Of them crossing their fields of
fire so as to break the interval between
two works, others fianking these works
and helping to decimate the attackers
by the lines of fire formed by the COM
munlcatlon trenches running at right
angles to the general line of defence
In this second zone the weight Of the
attack will be received and must be
thrown back, however great its vio-
lcnce.
FINALLY, the third barrier, called the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-17
new dispositions the General Staff adds

ne" dispositions the General Staff adds
some details about the defence:
The zones must be far enough
away from one another to prevent the
enemy artillery from bombarding two
at The same time.
1.-The distribution of material and
men must be such that the density of
hre and resistance increases from the
front line to the back line of the zone.
The concrete structures are to be
reserved for the front zone, and the
deep shelters for the rear zone.
The communication ways connect
ing the trenches are to be organized
SO as to form lines of fanking fire.
supplementary emplacements will
be made for pieces of artillery, and
also shelters in case during the baltic
the original ones become untenable.
The battle zonss will be formed
by the combatant troops under the di-
rection of the divisions and army
groups; the rear zone will be organ
lied, under the direction of special
stats, by territorial labor battalions
and pioneers.
"The trenches are to be constructed
on counter slope whenever the slope
can be overlooked by observation posts
and machine-guns can effectively sweep
the field Of attack.
Study the HELP WANTED ADS. in to-
days Sunday Tribune-youll find 1t a
profitable move. Turn to the Classified
Advertising Columns now,-Advt
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-17

the retirement age, in the belief that
when an officer has passed sixty two
years he is not qualified for the ardu
Gus duties which a command on the
reached retirement age September 22
last, on which date he rclinquishcd the
post of chief OF staff, but was called
back into active service.
Friends of General Scott believed
tonight that orders Of the department
must have come as a severe blow. as
ever since the United States entered
the war General Scott had been hoping
tor an opportunity to command an
active division.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-17
Casualties Among Our Men
Serving With Gen. Pershing
Iene Nled IN Action, Including Two Officers and Nineteen
O'ners Lie rom Various Names Received
Yesterday Were Those of Men Cited for Bravery

WASHINGTON, March Johannes
Oh twenty-seven dead and fiftv-e;oht
wounded in the American army abroad
were made public by the War Depart
ment to-day. Included were two officers
A'lleo and seven slightly wounded.
1t was explained that most of the
forty names received from General Per-
shlng yesterday and withheld from
publication for verifcstion were not
easualties, but men recommended for
promotion or mentioned for various
val var ACTIVITIES in France. Only two or
lnree OF the names given out TODAY
were held over from yesterday.
The list to-day was classified as fol-
lows: Killed in action, s; died of
wounds z; died of accidents, 6; died
OF disease, 10; died from undetermined
cause, L; slightly wounded, SO.
Lleutenant John Norman was killed
IN action, Lieutenant Andrew Carl Ort-
mayer died of accident and Major John
w. Downer, Captain Harry B. Whitney
and Lieutenants Blake H. Cooley. Her
bert j. Jones, Donald G.. MacLachlan.
Frank 4 Mitchell and Warren A. Ran
som - slightly wounded. The other
name.Lollo
Killed in Action
NORMAN. John, lieutenant
LEF'FEW, Louis f., sergeant.
ROGERS, Leo H, corporal.
EAGER. Fred NJ, private
LUGGINFLAND, Charles r. E. private.
NEVILLE, Claud W.. private.
PEIIY. Srowe, private
SWARTZ, Oscar, private.
Died of Wounds
BUM. Marvin corpora1
BRACELIN, Dan P. private
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-17
Official Statements
West
FRENCH

PARIS. FridaA March Is (NIGHT.-
There was rather lively artillery fire along
the whole front, especially on the right bank
of the Meuse and in the regions of Bezon-
of Forvlle, an enemy raid was dispersed
with losses.
Last night our aviators dropped $500
Kilograms of bombs on 4 number of railway
stations and environments in the enemy zone
PARIS. March 16 (DAY.-There was in
termttent activity by the artillery on the
right bank of the Mouse (Verdun 'front.' and
OF Fllrey was repulsed.
GERMAN
BERLIN. March 1G (DAY.-Front of
Crown Prince Rupprecht-D the even
ing and at night the British were very ac-
tive, especially between Arras and St. Quen-
tin.
, Great losses were caused among the popu-
lation of Menin and Halluin (southeast of
enemy's fire and dropping of bombs s' ~ ''e
r. army Groups of the German Crown Prince,
Near Rheims, on both banks of the Meuse
ana on the Lorraine front. near Mulbach and
Hlament, the artillery fighting was heavier
!!hrougnout the day. On both sides of Ornes
u continued 10 be heavy during the night
BRITISH
LONDON. March 1G (DAY).-Welsh troons
carried out successful raid last night in
ured fifteen prisoners and two machine o,,ps
Voseiie artillery was active southeast of
Ypres. in the neighborhood of the Menin
road and south of Houtholst Forest
ra; tT 40 :mWe carried out successful
Hostile artillery activity was shown south.
vest west of Cambria. in the neighborhood of the
o ';i River, in the Lens district. on both
sides of La Bassee Canal and in the Mesines
sector. '''o A"eo''Ae'
East OF Queant hostile ammunition dunn
was set on fire by our artillery.
BELGIAN
PARIS. Nov. 15.-During the last two
days the artillery activity was considerable at
times. Our barrage fire checked an attempt
ed enemy movement against an advance post
near Merckem: The enemy frequently used
asphyXlating shells. to which we replied with
bombardment of the same nature.
at several points on the front between
Newport and above Dixmude the firing was
very very hvely: Certain of our environments be-
hind the fighting zone were shelled BIZ long
range guns. We replied with fire of the
pOrtant enemy points ~ "
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-17
Navy Reports Accidental
Deaths of Three Men

WASHINGTON, March 10 Three
deaths in the naval forces, due to acct
dent, were announced to-day by the
Navy Department.
Frederick w. Hough, in the aviation
service, died of injuries incurred in an
alrplane accident in Scotland. His
address is 4509 Lake Park Avenue, Chi
caEo.
Edward Joseph Hanley, an apprentice
seaman, attached to the U. S. S..
Charleston, was drowned. His address
was Lewis and Ashland streets, Phila-
delphia.
Walter Young Smith, of Columbus,
Ca, a fireman on the U. S. S. Orion,
was accidently killed.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-17

Died of Disease
FLEMING, Ignatius, corporal.
FUREN, Walter e., o,porai.
KROMBACH, Herbert H., corporal.
BOSWORTH, Percy Stone, corporal.
GALLOWAY. Will, private.
HOERNING, Charles NJ. private.
PROUIX, Theophiie Joseph. private
TAPAGER. Clare r., private
WEIGH, Frank Harrison, private.
FISHER, Arthur E., wagner.
Died of Accidents
ORTMAYER, Andrew Carl. lieutenant
STEVENS. Clifford j., corporal.
BRANNON. John j.. private.
CAZAN. Peter, private.
MOCK, George. private.
HAWKINS, John E., private.
Died, Cause Unknown
PENROD. Byrd W.. sergeant.
Slightly Wounded
DOWNER, John W. major
WHITNEY. Harry B.. captain.
COOLEY, Blake H., lieutenant.
JONES, Herbert j.. lieutenant
MACIACHLAN, Donald G., lieutenant
MITCHELL Frank NJ, lieutenant.
RANSOM. Warren A. lieutenant.
ALLEN. Charles e., sergeant.
DANOWSKI. Peter. sergeant
CAUELE. Brode b., corporal
HICKEY. Eugene O., corporal. f.
kADRON, John c., corporal.
LEVEQUE, George. corporal
MARAFF1E, Chester W., corporal
NJ ARTlN. Orvile F., corporal
MONAHAN. William j., corporal.
REIMER. Henry corporal.
AMBURGEY. ARA O.. private
ANDERSON. Gust. private.
BtASLEY, Earl, private.
RERN1. Luigi, private.
BOJARSKI, Julius, private.
KRAMER. Benjamin. private.
BROCkELMANN. Charles, private.
CARMAN, George, private.
CARSON. Jack. private.
COUGHLIN. Christopher O., private.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-17
Ports Built
BY Americans
Thrill Baker
Continued from page /

~. country can supply, to be trans
sn su oy ships which We are building.
ne owe II to their devotion and eff
~ ..sncy mat the troops in action shall
~ant the means of striking blows.
.snly wish that every American could
e this work as / saw it. | ceased to
:. an official while thrilled as q citi-
- with pride and satisfaction over the
.sf-increasing force which we shall
Mug 10 the aid Of the Allied armies in
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-17
Balkan
FRENCH

ARMY OF THE EAST, March IA (via
Paris. March 80 West of Monastir around
Hill 1.24S. and Trnova French attachments
penetrated the enemy lines and found they
had been evacuated. An enemy attempt in
the same region to raid our line was checked.
The artillery activity continued rather lively.
being most violent around Monastir
British aviators bombed several places on
the Struma front. An enemy machine was
we'd in an aerial combat near Lake
Dorian.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-17
The NeW York Tribune


Foreign Press Bureau
For many months uniform instruc-
tons fixed the character of the Ger
man defensive lines from the North Sea
to the Swiss border, until in August.
1917, the German General Staff issued
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-17

'Ruckwartigek ampfzone,' the rear battle
zone; here the enemy who has carried
the two preceding zones must be finally
stopped.
"To complete the directions for the
Bisbee daily review., 1918-06-02

The War Department authorizes the following statement:
 The designs of the parts of the Lib erty engine were based on the follow ins:
 Charlottesville designers of the cylinders for the Liberty engine fol lowed the practice used in the Ger man Mercedes, English Rolls Royce, French LOTraine-Dietrich, and Italian IsOtta Fraschini before the war and during the war. The cylinders are made of steel inner shells surrounded by pressed-steel water jackets. The Packard Co. by long experience hao developed a method of applying these steel water jackets.
 The valve cages are drop forgings welded into the cylinder head. The principal departure from European practice is in the location Of the hold ing-down flange, which is several inches above the mouth of the cylin- der, and the unique method of manu' facture evolved b. the Ford Co. The output is now approximately l,7OO cynnder fOrgings per day.
 Cam shafts ana valve mechanism above cylinder heads-The design ol the above is based on the Mercedes but was improved for automatic Tub rication without wasting oil by the Packard Motor Car Co
 Copied from Hall-Scott Motor
 Cam-shalt driye-Thc Cam-shalt drive was copied almost entirely from the HallScOtt motor; in fact, severa of the gears used ill the first sample engines were supplied by the Hall Scott Motor Car Co. This type oI drive is used by Mercedes, Hispano Sulza, and others.
 Angle between cylinders-m th' Liberty the included angle betwceI the cylinders is 45 degrees; in al other existing l2-cylinder engines it i. GO degrees This feature is new will the Liberty engine, and was adopted
Bisbee daily review., 1918-06-02

the Aircraft (Production) Board and the Joint Army and Navy Technical Board, June 4. The first sample was an eight-cylinder model, delivered to the Bureau of Standards July 8, 1917. The eight-cylinder model. however, was never put into production. as ad- vices from France indicated that de- mands for increased power would make the eight-cylindsr model obsO- lete before it could be produced.
 Work on the 12-cylinder Engine
 Work was then concentrated on the 12-cylinder engine, and one of the ex- perimental engines passed the 5O-hour
Bisbee daily review., 1918-06-02
Liberty Engine Described m DefdIt M Authorized Department Report

for the purpose of bringing each row Of cylinders nearer the vertical and closer together, so as to save width and head resistance. By the narrow angle greater strength is given to the crank case and vibration IS reduced.
 Electric generator and ignition-A Delco ignition system is used. It was especially designed for the Liberty en- zine to save weight and to meet the special conditions due to firing F cyl finders with an included angle of 45 degrees.
 Pistons-The pistons of the Liberty engine are of Hall-Scott design.
 Connecting rods-FOrked or strad- de type connecting rods, first used on the French De Dion car and on the Cadillac motor car in this country are used.
 Crank shaft-Crank shaft design followed the standard 12-cylinder prac tice, except as to oiling. Crank case follows standard practice. The 45 de gree angle and the flange location on the cylinders made possible a very strCng box section.
 The Lubricating Method
 Lubrication-The first system of fabrication followed the German prac- tice of using one pump to keep the crank case empty, delivering into an outside reservoir, and another pump Go force oil under pressure to the main crank-shaft bearings. This lub- rication system also followed the German practice in allowing the over flow in the main bearings to travel out the face of the crank sheets to a scupper which collected this excess for crank-pin fabrication. This is very economical in the use of oil and Is still the standard German practice.
 The present system is similar to the first practice. except that the oil, while under pressure, Is not only fed tO main bearings but through holes inside ol crank checks tO crank pins, instead of feeding these crank pins
Bisbee daily review., 1918-06-02
FOREST SERVICE ASKS
 FIRE PROTECTION

With the approach of the hunting and vacation season, the Forestry ser vice has thought it timely to issue d warning to hunters and vacauonists against carelessness with fire. A bull Ietin just issued says that I'll every one wno visits the National Forests would ever keep before them and re- ligiously observe the following few short rules for preventing forest fires annual fire losses would be reduced to a minimum:
 q. MAIUnES-Bef throwing your match away, pinch the burnt eno between your fingers and break the stick in two, then you will be sure It is out, Al
 "2. TOBACCO-Smokers are eau ticned to use more than ordinary care while in the woods. Do not throw pipe ashes, cigar or cigarette stuDs mto brush, leaves or needles.
 8. CAMP FIRES-A1ter locating the firepit for your camp fire, scrape and dig away all inflamable material to mineral soil for a radius of from $ to , feet around it. Small camp fires are the best. Never leave a camp fire until it is entirely out, and the firepit smothered with water ana covered with mineral soil.
 A. BONFIRES-Don't build bon fires. They are extremely dangerous and wasteful.
 "5. FOREST FIRES-f you dis cover a fire, make a decided effort to PUT IT OUT. If you cannot put u ont get word to the nearest Forest officer as soon as possible Every minute saved in attacking the ire properly is of vital importance.
 "6. FIRE LAWS-Help enforce the fire laws. Prevent carelessness ill the use Of fire. Protect your intere 5ts.
Bisbee daily review., 1918-06-02

erty engine.
 Bore and stToke-The bore and stroke of the Liberty engine is , by z inches, the same as the Hall-Scott A-5 and Az engines, and as in the HallScott 12-cylinder engine.
 Remarks-The idea of developing Liberty engines of 4, 6, 8 and 12 cyl finders with the above characteristics was first thought of about May 20, 1917. The idea was developed in con ference with representative of the British and French missions, May 2S to June l, and was submitted in the form of sketches at joint meeting of
Bisbee daily review., 1918-06-02

struction is such that very satisfae- tory service with a long life and high order of efficiency will be given by this power plant, and that the design has passed from the experimental stage into the field of proven engines"
 An engine committee was organ ized informally, consisting of the en- gineers and production managers of the Packard, Ford, Cadillac. Lincoln, Marmon. and Trego companies. This committee met at frequent intervals and it is to this group of men that the final development of the Liberty en- zine is largely due.
Bisbee daily review., 1918-06-02

test August 25, 1917.
 After the preliminary drawings were made, engineers from the lead ing engine builders were brought to the Bureau of Standards, where they inspected the new designs and made suggestions, most of which were in- cOrpOrated in the final design. At the same time expert production men were making suggestions that would facilitate production.
 The Liberty 12-cylinder engine passed the 5O7hour test, showing. as the official report of August 25. 1917, records, that the fundamental con
Bisbee daily review., 1918-06-02

through scuppers. The difference be- tween the two oiling systems consists of carrying oil for the crank pins through a hole inside the crank check instead of up the outside face of the crank cheek
 Propeller hub-The Hall-Scott pro peller-hub design was adapted to the power of the Liberty engine.
 Packard Type Water Pump
 Water pump-The Packard type of water pump was adapted to the Liber- ty.
 CarburetOr-A carbuTetOr was de- veloped by the Zenith Go. for the Lib
Bisbee daily review., 1918-06-02

They expect to make the Bisbee "Y'' their home while here.
 Alfred Truscott and Tom Wallace, long time members of the Bisbee "Y'' arrived Thursday morning from Tue son, where they have been attending the University of Arizona. The boys are glad to get back home and see the old familiar faces and enjoy the sociability of the Y. NJ. c. A
 The classes in Spanish and Geology are being conducted as usual at the Y. NJ. c. A. and the Spanish Club ex- poets to resume its meetings begin ming Wednesday of this week. The meeting will be held at p. m.
 Boys Department
 High school boys will render the best service of which they are capable by remaining in school until the com pletion of their high school course. Boys and girls should be urged as a patriotic duty to remain in school to the completion of their high school course and in greater numbers enter college and university courses, es- pecially in technical and scientific lines and normal school courses to meet the great need of trained men and women" The above statement was issued on April , and signed by Commissioner Claxton and Secretaries Baker, Daniels, Houston, Wilson and Lane.
Bisbee daily review., 1918-06-02

Many boys in the boys department are anxiously waiting for the time to come when they can be member Of the mems department. That time IS rapidly arriving Already Edwin Bald, win. Lester Ferrel. Clark Core and Titus Debley have transferred to the mems department.
Bisbee daily review., 1918-06-02

Every boy in the membership should be kind enough to pass the word along in regard to the good time he has in the game room, gymnasium anu plunge and bring the other boys in to enjoy the same pleasures.
Bisbee daily review., 1918-06-02

M. L. Payne and J. P. Doyle, who have been attending the University of Arizona for the past year, arrived in Bisbee Thursday. They expect to work here during the summer. The first thing they did on arrival was to join the Y. Nj. C. 4. and secure room
Bisbee daily review., 1918-06-02

Thomas James. another well known "Y'' member, is now in Fl Paso, Tex as, where he is making final arrange ments to enter the Army Y. M. C. A work.
The herald., 1918-11-07
RUSSlA'S RICH TIMBER LANDS
Systematic Expectation Would Have a
Great Effect on the Markets
of the World.

An article In current magazine by
A. ]. Sack presents statistics on Rus
sia's forest resources as a means Of
paying the billions of dollars due to
home and foreign creditors.
The astonishing statement is made
by this writer that Russia, including
Siberia, has 1,125,OOO,OOO acres of tim
Der which is 63 per cent as much as
the whole world possessed. This re-
Source is being set aside by Russian
economists as fund TO pay the coun-
try's debts.
The effect on Americas business
should be duly considered, observes
Hardwood Record in discussing the ar
ticle. Except oak, ii continues, which
is generally known in the market as
the japanese oak, ii is not probable
that much Russian timber will reach
the United States; but it will compete
with American lumber in other mar
kets, notably those of western Europe,
and perhaps those of eastern Asia,
western South America and the Pacific
islands.
ITO that extent" says Hardwood
Record, "Our lumber business may be
hurt by the flood Of forest products
from Russia. In normal times Ger
many received 4S per cent of it's lum-
Der imports from Russia, and Eng
lands per cent of timber imports from
that source was nearly as large.
Lumber shipments from Russia will
come from the Baltic, from the Arctic
coast Of Russia proper and Siberia,
and from the Pacific coast Of the lat
ter country. The principal lumber
markets Of the world can be reached
from those points"
The herald., 1918-11-07
Policeman ApoIoaizes.

Released by the signal of the traffic
policeman, the stream of vehicles was
surging through Market street when a
young woman in new car drove up
Broad street. She pulled out to pass
the other cars that had halted and
kept on her way, pumping the horn
shsilly and insistently: II blew the
horn loudly enough; why didn't you
make those cars stop and let me byl"
she freezingly asked the policeman
after he had rescued her. "My mis-
take, madam" said the officer. IT
thought you were blowing for me to
move the Kinney building back out OF
your way."-Newark News.
The herald., 1918-11-07
OId-Tlme Barley Bread.

We find more entertainment than in
struction in an editorial of the Hart
ford Courant on the revised use Of
barley. 1t refers to its use In Bible
times and finds this verse in the Book
Of Judges to give an idea Of its quail
ity:
"And when Gideon was come, be-
hold there was p man that told q
dream unto his fellow, and said, Be
hold, I dreamed a dream, and 10, a
cake Of barley bread tumbled into the
host Of INDIAN apd came unto a tent
and smoter it that it fell and over
turned 1t, that the tent lay along"
The Courant seems to approve Of
the use Of barley flour, though admit
ting some difficulties In preparing 1t
for bread. But it takes this Bible
verse as evidence that its density
would make 1t serviceable as a pro-
jectile.-Waterbury American.