davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-28
CazZ0weo5Aw< 12SI2e1

extracted the gasoline, operates theN
gas engine that does the work Of ex-
traction. Strange as it may seem nat
ural gas with the gasoline taken from
it is a much better fuel than before
and while in winter when the flow OF
gas is always at its lowest point that
is the season when the demand for
gasoline lessons.
Manufacture OF "Gas"
The process of making commercial
gasoline is exceedingly simple al
though in some sections the initial
investments are heavy because of the
necessity of connecting by pipe lines
the numerous low pressure wells
from which the gas is obtained. In
these low pressure wells, wells that
yield but little oil unless pumped. the
gas is generally more wet, the wetness
decreasing with the pressure.
The gas is piped to the main
house." where it goes into the COM
pressor engine which squeezes the gas
until it is dry, the dampness, which is
really the raw gasoline, being forced
into tank In other tanks is naphtha,
a product of distilling that is really
strata between kerosene and gasoline.
This naphtha and the raw gasoline is
pumped into a mixing engine" and
the two are blended" to the specific
gravity desired.
Sold By The "F1ash" Test.
There was a time when gasoline
was sold on Its specific gravity but
that was before the demand began to
reach the supply point. Now gasoline
is usually classified by flash" test
but as a rule the average consumer
takes what he gets. There are more
British Thermal units to kerosene
than to gasoline and an engine de-
signed to operate on gasoline will,
when heated, operate just as well on
kerosene, except that the latter will
deposit much more carbon, due. to
the unconsumed portions through the
lack of compression.
However, the increasing number OF
motor vehicles and gasoline engines
for all purposes is such that all means
for obtaining the necessary fuel must
be adopted and since natural gas has
proved to be SO excellent source one
may expect greatly increased devel-
opmept in this direction
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-28

O~--b
These means of detection are de-
pendent on aeroplanes and a sufficient
number of craft operating on the sur
face of submarine infested waters. Be-
sides aircraft, destroyers and patrol
boats, the U-boats are fought more or
less directly by means of depth bombs.
hostile submarines, rapid-fire guns on
merchant ships. enormous nets made
of steel chains, and diving shells
Among all these the submarine-chaser
and the destroyer play prominent
parts.
Small Boats Are Preferable
In this connection it is interesting
to learn that the Navy Department
plans for construction are the largest
ever known. When an accomplished
reality the United States will find itself
the owner of a thousand ships of every
description. Today there are three
times as many vessels in the Navy as
there were a year ago.
In fighting the submarines the De-
partment is of the opinion that it is
wiser to have a large number of small
boats than a small number of large
boats Hence, the popularity of the
submarine-chaser Since U-boat can
so quickly lose itself beneath the wa
tiers of the Atlantic 1t stands to reason
that large number of small swiftly
moving surface craft is necessary to
hunt it down. Tests and experience
have proved that the chaser is fitted
for this task.
Many naval authorities contend that
the destroyer is an ideal boat for van
gushing the U-boat. Both the speed
and seaworthiness of the destroyers
are unquestionable, and it is capable
of carrying powerful guns.
1t is said that facilities. for the build
ing of idestroyers have been brought
to such a high point of efficiency that
today, the government is building more
of these boats than any other nation
had before the war. Before new les
sons in speed had been mastered il
took about two years to bring a de
stroyer to completion. But a short
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-28

time ago the Mare Island Navy Yard
laid the keel of one, and four months
later the destroyer was practically fin
ished. This was, of course, a prize
record breaker, but it is quite possible
to construct one in athird of the time
it used to take.
Have Thwarted The Slippery
Submarine
The story is told of destroyer,
built on the Pacific coast, that made
the run from a Pacific port south to
the. Panama Canal, east through, the
Canal and thence to an Atlantic port
in ten and half days. Since the
United States entered the war these
boats have successfully conveyed mer-
chant vessels and transports across
the Atlantic innumerable' times, and
on every hand have thwarted the slip
perry submarines.
At the same time the destroyer has
its limitations and indubitable disad-
vantages. Besides making great de-
mands on the industrial resources of
the nation, it takes a considerably
longer time to build a first class de-
stroyer than to build other boats
which imperil the submarine. So aft.
er discussion and debate the Navy con-
cluded that large number of small
boats would accomplish quite the same
thing as few destroyers.
Consequently the Navy designed a
craft which, while not bearing the es-
sential characteristics of the destroy
er, Is quite adequate to perform all
that is required of it. So today the
| Navy is building with all possible
celebrity U-boat chasers. Seaworthi-
ness and speed are two positive re
quisites. Any boat that is unable to
stay out is entirely incapable of keep
| ing on the trail of the tricky sub
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-28


A there follows in sequence the
great penalties of new require
y , ments. Whether Ben Franklin
realized just what he was doing when
he coaxed a streak of lightning to
wind itself around his kite string and
come down to earth is not known but
it has been we'll established that from
that day there has been an inherit
ance of many and OBVIOUSLY knotted
problems to be solved by those who
have made study of electricity.
When the gentleman who first pro-
duced what is technically known as
an internal combustion engine, but
what Is generally known as a gasoline
motor, the source of supply of fuel
was almost limitless for the motive
power, gasoline, was not only a drug
on the market but was even worse
It was a constant menace to those who
produced it in the process of extract
ing Illuminating oil, or kerosene, from
petroleum.
Kerosene
In the distilling of the petroleum
the FIRST fluid that followed the gases
expelled was benzine,. which was
valued for its cleansing properties but
between that fluid and the illuminat-
ing oil was the strata of gasoline that
was not quite light enough to be
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-28

~HERE ARE PEOPLE who are
of the belief that some power
full and ingenious weapon of
- warfare will be invented which
will end submarine activities suddenly
and irrevocably.
Such an invention would revolu-
tionize warfare. Students of history
and war are aware that never, through
all the ages, have there been such in
ventions, and it is safe to say there
never will be-" said Commander ]. A.
Furer. Commander Furer has studied
the combating of submarines care
fully, and, moreover he has designed
submarine chasers for the United
States Navy; so naturally he speaks
with authority.
Process A Gradual One
The new machines and latest meth
DDS practiced are the outgrowth of
the old. This holds true in world
of war as we'll as in a world of peace.
Roth machines and methods must be
met by gradually developing new in
struments and more advanced means
of defense. Again, as weapons be-
come more and more effective other
modes of offense are bound to come
to the fore.
Note, for instance, the evolution
of the gun. From the crude, anti
ouated blunderbuss has slowly evolved
the efficient Browning gun, which
deals out death with appalling
rapidity.E
Today there are many methods OF
making life thoroughly miserable fol
the submarine, but it is entirely I'M
likely that any one invention will ap
pear which can be relied upon to put
that willy boat completely out of the
game. The most that can be hoped
is to present a specialized and more
selective means of offense and de
tense in dealing with these monsters
that menace the Atlantic. Submerged
submarines are difficult to locate ant
more sensitive devices for the purpose
of. detection are constantly being
studied by the Navy Department.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-28

marine. Furthermore, it must be con-
tinually on the alert for the foe, swift
to follow a fleeing enemy that has
either submerged or kept on the sur
face; and, if surprised, the submarine
chaser must know that it can success
fully elude its dangerous enemy.
To the governments delight this
type of chaser has proved itself re-
markedly seaworthy. Indeed, it is
much more seaworthy than larger
vessels. The explanation of this lies
in the fact that the boats length is
exactly right for the wave length
which it encounters at sea; resistance
and consequent stress and strain is
thus very appreciably diminished.
Rapidity OF Construction Essential
Competition has been keen between
government ship-builders and they
have worked at furious pace in order
to see which one of them could turn
out subchasers fastest. The New York
Navy Yard has the distinction of hav-
ing launched the first submarine
chaser. 1t was floating on the water
just five weeks after the keel was laid.
New Orleans has also won fresh hon
ors for herself since her ship builders
have shown themselves to excel in
rapidity of construction.
Submarine-chasters cost the govern
ment approximately $4,000 each
They are 10 feet in length and have
draft of nearly four feet. Displace.
ment is in the neighborhood of 6S
tons. Each boat is equipped with
three gasoline engines and has speed
of seventeen knots an hour.
'It is impossible to place on sc
small beat anything larger than a
small gum" observed Commander
| Furer, because of the recoil stresses
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-28
into bitches and waste itself away.

into bitches and waste itself away.
My, but how times have changed!
The general introduction and wide
use of gas and electricity has pretty
nearly extinguished the kerosene lamp
and this once priced fuel which long
reigned as king has resigned in favor
of the monarch gasoline though the
latter these days is redolent of its
predecessor.
Advent OF Gas Engine
The advent of the internal combus
ton engine was not looked upon as
being a thing that would create an
evolution; in fact it suffered the COM
mon fate of many new things but
when it did prove that it was there"
in the one-lung automobile it arrived
in a lump and countless mechanical
men devoted countless hours in the de-
veloping of it.
That was not disturbing to the gas
oline burdened distillers however be-
cause in 1899 the production was g.
$4,000 barrels and that was more
than enough to take care of the estf-
mated 10000 automobiles that were
in use then, allowing 500 gallons to
each year.
| But by 1915 when the automobile
| industry produced 2,075,570 cars and
manufacturers of various kinds and
types of engines for boats, tractors
and other purposes had produced
enormous numbers of gasoline con-
sumers the distillers, in addition to
increasing their plant capacities for
distilling gasoline in the regular way
began to take up methods that had
been discovered years before but for
which there had been no reason to
put into use.
Cracking
One method, which was accidently
discovered as far back as 1861, and
known as the cracking" process was
applied. There are several of these
l"cracking'' processes and of them per
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-28

This series continues through the
kerosenes, lubricating oils and other
compounds to:
Paraffine C55 HbS Faraliiiie
The early producers of casing-head
Gasoline found that they could get
gasoline by first chilling the gas by
running it through pipes which were
wet by water and then putting the
gas through compressors where the
Iiouid was squeezed out. They OBJ
tanned gasoline in but small quantities
and the cost of producing it was SO
high as compared with the market
price for the regularly distilled prod
uct that it was not a commercial sue
cess. Therefore this particular in
dustry lay dormant until about 1910
when several independent companies
began operating on a small scale.
Natural Gas
Within couple ofyears there were
scores of companies at work but the
tremendous demand for gasoline
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924, 1918-05-28

.HERE ARE PEOPLE who are
of the belief that some power
full and ingenious weapon of
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-10-26
What is a Hostess House,

Whnt HOSTESS Tfousef
you4w
answers Of at anpD
"Just another boy in
=
Just Association War Work
Council Activities Mrs Henry DIVISION OF the National
l..W A.
hostess
They y w c. A. at
problem Of what to do
with
the soldiers either while training france The need
the early or
consistency
could IN
Then realized
hardship
Council north
10 then the
has
Jersey
y A hostess Dix y
its wonid
biz what
he II S IN of the hostess to
overnight naflaHe incense
himself o Il " hours
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-10-26
CATHOLIC BOYS AND
GIRLS ARE TO HELP
Take Special interest In United
War Work Campaign.

Cathe.ic boys and girls OF West
Virginia are to take great, interest in
the 'Earn-and-Give" department OF
the tinted WEr Work Campaign 20
judge from the early advices which
come TO Father H. B. Aitmeyer. exc
ealya Of the Catholic Victory Boys
and Miss May Flown. executive for
the Catholic Victory Girls" for this
state. -
Bishop Donshue. Of the Wheeling
Diocese. in an address to C.allohes
has pointed out that @iae spectacle of
seven great Bodies. so diverse ether
wise in aims and spirit. uniting in This
task traisng the millions asked for
By the welfare organizations aprtici-
paiing in the United War Work cam
paign NOV lis. is nothing short OF
sublime and has urged activity on the
pat o. hoys and girls by determining
upon naming . committee in each
parish to be in charge OF this work.
p. J. Muldoon. chairman of the Ma
tional War Council. gives the move
ment his endorsement in these words:
Il heartily commend the effort TO
enroll A million boys behind mil
lion fighters as Victory Boys. and an
adequate number of Victory Girls to
accept the same challenge in the
Earn and Give" Division of the
United Wa Fund campaign.
A boy or girl by enlisting in the
Earn and Give" Division can have
direct personal part in the great
world war Each Of them can thus
fight and help win
What an inspiration il will be 10
each OF our fighters to know that one
boy or one girl mas earned and gwen
s5 90 for his comfort and chez We
can not furnish an enlisted man bet
ter proof Of the solid backing of a
closely united nation. nor can we
find a better way OF doubly reassur-
ing him in his great trials. of the
sincere personal interest we have in
him than by enlisting one million or
more Of our young people to make
personal sacrifices for him"
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-10-26
HOUSEHOLD AND KITCHEN
FURNITURE

will sell at public sale at my home
713 N. Second st. on
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1918
at 10 O'Clock a M, the following prop
erty:
2 BED ROOM SUITES
One extra bed A mattresses, toilet
set. bed clothes and pillows, leather
couch, two 5. foot extension tables, l
small kitchen table, chairs, carpets.
rugs.
Victrola and Music Cabinet
Singer sewing machine, Cubert kit
chen cabinet. / range and l blue
flame coal: Oil stove, 1sporch swing,
dishes and cooking utensils, pickles
and canned fruit. Everything as good
as new.
sreims4G'asil
ais o0} aayi n. A., L.. HOLIDAY.
J. W. Dodd, Auct 26 Ct pd
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-10-26
EMPEROR CHARLES
PLANS TO kBDICATE
(By international News service. !

Lcadon, Oct. IA rumor circulat.
ed in the Vatican circles has it that
Emperor Charles OF Austria and his
family are about to leave Vienna for
Journey through Hungary. prelimin.
airy TO the Emperors abdication, the
Correspondent of the Daily News said
in dispatch today
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-10-26

], w. Dodd, Auct.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-10-26

Co. Supt. of Schools Crowell Of
Hedgesville, was in town today
holding an emergency examination
for the purpose of securing needed
teachers in the county schools.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-10-26
State Of West Virginia,
County of Berkeley, To-wit:


o County West
. County, Il
Inc
d er
L
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-10-26

l.. Dave GERiIARDT,
Clerk and Ex-Officio Ballot Board Chairman
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-10-26

Read the Journal.
The Keota news., 1918-05-17
Closing Big Land Deal

w. J. Simms and I. s. Griffin went
to Sterling on business Monday. Mr..
Simms returned to Keota from there,
Mr.. Griffin going to Greeley to attend
the opening Of District Court, and from
there to Denver before coming home.
While on the trip they completed
arrangements for the closing Of what
10 perhaps the most important real
estate deal ever made at Keota. The
deal involves ten quarter sections. held
by eight owners. Two of the quarters
were owned in Chicago. and one in
Oregon. The titles, were found perfect,
and satisfactory deal was gotten for
each owner. J. A. Sanders, of Sterling,
il the buyer. Mr.. Sanders was for
merly banker at Fleming, Colo, i,
and has recently opened . fourth bank.
known a. the Commercial Savings Bank,
at Sterling. He knows thoroly the
possibilities Of Eastern Colorado dry
land. and spent three or four days
driving about the Keota district before
buying. 1t should be worth something
to the community to have men of the
Sanders type interested here.
The Keota news., 1918-05-17

Information. The News doesn't care
Il It gets the same name . dozen
times: It 10 only anxious that no one
shall be overlooked. Send In every
name you know Of. and do II at once.
so that the work may be started.
The Greeley Commercial Club. the
Weld County Commercial Club and
the county commissioners have given
the plan their hearty approval and will
assist in every way In making 1t sue
cessful. Seven thousand five hundred
or more will be issued. The success
Of the work depends on the assistance
Of everyone. Send in every name you
know. at once.
The Keota news., 1918-05-17
oRGELgv NEWsPApER WILL
GATHER COUNTY WAN DATA

WoSo County News 20 Secure Nance
Of Al Men and Women In y. Q.
war Service.
Because NO department OF the COON
ty government has either the funds or
the facilities for doing the work, the
Weld County News at Greeley has Do
termined to undertake the task OF %.
curing and compiling . complete list
OF all the men and women who are
now serving the government In any
branch Of war service. This informa.
tion. together with the record Of the
county and the various communities
In the matter Of contributions TO war
finance campaigns and subscriptions
to the three Liberty Loans. will BE-
published In magazine form and will
be issued a. . supplement to the pa.
per's issue Of July 4th.
- careful investigation Of the task
has shown that 1t will involve . tre-
msndous amount of work and excep-
tional expense. but the Newspaper
publishers believe It can be done In
ne limited time remaining. and be
done thoroughly. No effort will be
spared to make 1t absolutely complete
in every respect. and for that purpose
The cooperation Of the newspapers Of
The county and everyone who has an
opportunity to speak In public has
been solicited.
AS a house to house canvass Is i'm
possible. the names must be sent in
nv the relatives and friends of the men
and women In service, and these
names should be sent in at once. II
you know Of anyone who ia serving.
send the News his full name. his rank.
the company. regiment and division
with which he 10 identified. and his
present location. Usually the address
used In writing him contains sll this
The Keota news., 1918-05-17

The first social function Of commence
ment week was banquet given by the
Junior Glass to the Seniors. This was
held At the Methodist church Friday
evening. May 10. and was highly enjoyed
by all present An elaborate four
course supper was served. plates being
set for twenty guests. The color
scheme Of purple and gold, the Senior
colors. was carried out in every detail.
Harry Greene. principal of the High
School, acted ~ toastmaster, and toasts
were responded to by Mary Haworth,
president Of the Juniors. Amy Simms,
president Of the Seniors. Regnall Olsen.
Ival Sutton and Mildred Krum. Senior
Class members. Lloyd Andrews.
former Keota student and graduate Of
Logan County High School. and by the
instructors, Miss Gleasman and Miss
Robb.
Interesting class day exercises were
held in the High school room Wednesday
afternoon. Advice to Juniors. Sopho-
mores and Freshmen was given by Ival
Sutton, End next years work will tell
Of the good it may do. Amy simms
surely remembers the many things done
BY the Seniors. even to their trying to
initiate the -frst Keota Freshies. No
one was left out when Regnall Olsen
started giving presents. AS IN example
of the gifts. Grace Bradford received Q
slice Of bread to show her what kind of
bread . good Baker should make.
Mildred Krum's head must have been
chuck-full Of marrying. from the way
she paired off the various couples in her
class prophecy.
At the Baptist church Sunday eve
ming Rev. Gray preached the baccalau.
reate sermon before . large audience.
Special music was given By the choir
and by male quartet.