davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-04-29
COTTON ARMY BLANK FITS

As final instance of what has been accomplished in this institution, take the cotton army blanket developed as substitute for wool under certain conditions. Tradition says that wool is warmer than cotton. The textile experts of the bureau went to work to see whether tradition was right or wrong-and found that it was wrong
 Standard wooden army blankets of three and five-pound weight were sub
 iected to tests measuring heat and air conductivity; that is. they were stretched over test chambers in such ways that the gentle heat of the hu- rnan body could escape through theIn and the loss be measured and also their permeability to air currents ap- proximating those of winds. It was found that wool had no greater resist ance than cotton as fiber to either heat or air. What kept a soldier warm inside his wooden blanket and kept the wind out was the structure of the blanket-not the wool fiber itself, but tho mechanical way in which it was woven. Wool felts together, making great number of insulating air cells which keep the heat in and the wind out and by the use of harsh China and Irdia cotton fibers. giving something like belting properties and ingenious new methods of weaving to embody large numbers of air cells. the bureau has developed cotton army blanket
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-04-29

quite as warm as a woolen blanket of equal weight and much more suitable for certain purposes. Cotton will not withstand mud or water like wool, for it mats together, where wool does not, so this cotton blanket, while capable of improvement through further research, is not suitable for the soldier in the field. But for hospital and other uses the cotton blanket is preferable to a wcolen one-it is lighter, cleaner, can be washed, and is decidedly cheaper, as well as a much-needed substitute under present conditions of enormous demand for army blankets with world wool shortages
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-04-29
Gloom at Headquarters

Gloom is spread over police headquar- ters A stranger in town, arriving yes terday morning. was taken care of by Sergt. w. W. Brent, who fed his guest, gave him water, and a place to rest, but in some manner this stranger strayed from his care and has not since been heard from.
 Anyone seeing this black Poland China pig will gain the everlasting good will of Sergeant Brent-maybe more-for in- formation concerning it. He doesn't like a "porkless day'
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-04-29
DEATHS

James NJ. Lott.--Aged s1 years, died at a local infirmary yesterday morning at 3 o'clock. He is survived by his widow, one son, one daughter. three brothers and three sisters. Funeral services will be conducted from the residence, 917 Twenty-second street. south, at 9:30 o'clock this morning and from St. Pauls Catholic church at lU o'clock Interment at Elmwood ceme- tery
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-04-29
Police Drill

There will be a police drill this evening at 9 o'clock Notice was placed on the local file at the office last night and it is expected that about thirtyfive will be present to take part in the maneu- vers. Sergeant Brent will be in charge of the squad tonight.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-04-29

bv scarcity of raw material, and IS considerably cheaper. Results have been secured chiefly by the construc- ticn of the yarn and by tension in weaving. Under a miscroscope a piece of this cloth shows no special novelty in weaving-it is a perfectly plain cotton cloth, but about as fine i'll count and mesh as has ever been woven in this country. Dozens of sam rIes of airplane cloth submitted by pa- triotic manufacturers anxious to help solve this problem show more ingenl- ouS developments in weaving. but are not found as suitable when submitted to the final measurement tests for tear resistance, tautness, etc.
 With the problem of aircraft woods most encouraging progress has also been made in finding possible substl- tutes for spruce in airplane frames, and mahogany. utilized for propellers. People often ask why wood is used so largely in the making of an airplanc. This is easily mans most advanced mechanism. Yet in building it. man turns his back upon his own highly developed modern metals, with which he builds practically every other mod eln mechanism. and sAts out for the forest with ax on his shoulder. The answer is that. contrary to popular opinion, wood is much stronger than any metal for the particular require ments of the airplane-strength with lightness, and elasticity with the stift ness needed for the framework. True, mahogany has been found better than metal for airplane propellers. because ir stands rough usage, and at the tre rnendous speeds required, which would often burst a metal flywheel is not subject to the distortions involved with a metal propeller of the same WeiGht-torsion of the propeller blades in flight of course would affect speed and perhaps mean disaster. Mahogany is the best wood, because it is least affected by moisture.
 Spruce for American airplanes has to be found in lengths up to 40 feet ard is rigidly inspected for straight grain and sound growth. It has a high strength for its weight takes heavy impacts and shocks and it's re- silence is such that it bends with the breaking or distortion as no metal wi T
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-04-29

cooled engines, etc. In many cases it is desirable to have complete al- titude record of his voyage, for which purpose a self recording barograph Is added to lis instrument board, indicat- ing by a fluctuating red ink line each height at which he flies and the Voy- age, minute by minute.
 When he rises about 10000 feet the rarity of the atmosphere makes it nec- essary to supply him with artificial oxygen This is done by an automatic device that turns on compressed oxy- gen from small tank, delivering IL through his goggles in increasing amounts as he rises higher and hlgher. At 10000 feet probably no discomfort will be felt, but at this point the oxy- gen supply automatically comes Into play.
 The bureau of standards not only tests all the actual airplane instruments furnished the government under con- tract to determine their accuracy, but is conducting comparison tests between instruments of American and foreign make with view to improvement. AS the airplane clock watch is tested un- der conditions of vibration, so these other instruments are tested under con- ditions of heat and cold approximating those in which the airman works-in some cases tests are run in a glass cham Der artificially cooled down to 30 or 4o degrees below zero Fahrenheit. lncl- dentally, we have reason to be proud of many of our commercial products in the way of airpTane instruments and timepieces for war and ship uses, as they have been found fully equal and in many cases superior to fine prod ucts of other nations.
 These are just few of the war prob lems and tests now being handled by the bureau of standards but they show what a peace-time government inst!tu- tion can contribute in the way of team work when war becomes Uncle Sam's chief industry
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-04-29
TOO LATE ID CLASS|FY !

SPRAYED OR STOLEN-One blindI. black male mule, about years of agd; weighs between 500 and goo poundA J. w. Hains, Phone 112, Helena, Alag
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-04-29
WORK ON LIBERTY MOTOR

It was the bureau of standards that took the first Liberty motor and tested it in vacuum chamber, which made possible the duplication of altitude con- dtions at height from sea level to 10000 feet so that to measure the ac- tual performance of the motor at any height it was not necessary to fly three or four miles above earth with the ob- vious disadvantages of reading instru- ments, but altitude conditions could be approximated and tests made under ia vorable test conditions for hours and days at time. This vacuum chamber had to be built of reinforced concrete strong enough to withstand external pressure: of nearly a ton to the square foot The engine had to be supplied with air from outside at altitude pres sure; it's exhaust gases had to be taken outside; it's heat would have soon le- stroyed the artificial altitude conditions if not dissipated; the air in the chamber had to be in rapid motion like the air in flight; the cold of high altitude had to be duplicated as well as the rarity of atmosphere. Long before the first Liberty motor was available for tests experts were working on this test cham Der. a triumph in itself.
 One shortcoming which has attract
 ed some attention in connection with
 the Liberty motor is that of lubrica-
 tion. The best luhricatio for solving
 this technical problem has been sought
 along ingenious lines, together with a
 substitute for castor oil, the approved
 airplane lubricant Through another
 department Uncle Sam has arranged
 for the growing of a large crop of cas-
 tor beans this summer, which will
 make up the castor oil shortage, but
 oil from that crop will not be avail able for aircraft until next fall Mean-
 while the bureau of standards is mak- ing certain by teamwork with the avi- aticn corps to work out satisfa ctory mineral oil substitute. The Liberty motor is not rotating engine of the Gnome type. and so may he lubricat ted with satisfactory mineral oils. But these mineral oils must meet high standards of dependability before they replace castor oil in airplane work. and should battle conditions on the western front convert the Liberty mo- tor into a rotating engine, the type for which castor oil is most suited, and should there be continued shortage | in castor oil itself the research of the | bureau of standards along this one | line may be of great significance in 1 winning the war.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-04-29

The bureau of standards men set out to develop satisfactory cotton air
 plane cloth. Cotton is more difficult to weave than linen. especially in the very fine counts needed for aircraft and not so widely made in this coun- try as abroad. They changed the structure of the yearn, mercerized is. developed finer weaves and by close teamwork between textile manufac- tlrers, checking results by accurate tests and original specifications. have developed cotton airplane cloth which is declared to be better than linen-and when the bureau of stand ards men say better" they mean it ill terms of measured factors of strength, tear resistance and the doping quail;
 ty which give tautness. Incidentally, this American cotton airplane fabric, willie being better. is not restricted
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1918-01-29
PEANUT MEAL IN DEMAND

Tha demand for peanut oil thruout
the country increases every month
and more than keeping pace with it
is the call for the peanut cake or
meal Stockmen have found, thanks
to the experiments of the govern
ment experts at the agricultural cel-
leges, that the peanut meal puts as
many pounds of weight on the hog as
the peanut with the oil in it. They
also know that the meat is firmer
than when fed the whole peanut. This
makes the, call for the peanut meal a
loud and persistent one. The oil goes
into our oleomargarine, lard COM
pounds, salad oils and many other
things for mans welfare, and last
but not least in soap TO clean that
same man.
The Marion Products Company has
heard that call and will have its oil
mill in position to take care of the
next crop of Marion county. The
company will guarantee a bottom.
price of not less than one dollar a
bushel to all growers and will con-
tract to pay the market price above
that dollar. The Spanish peanut will
make the most oil and pay the grower
more money for his crop. He can
raise two crops year. Let US hope
Marion county farmers will be there
with the goods.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1918-01-29
PREPARING FOR THE
THIRD LIBERTY LOAN

Atlanta, Jan. 29.-In preparation
for the third Liberty Loan, which
probably will be authorized within
the next few months, the executive
committee of the Sixth Federal Re-
serve District is perfecting an organ
ization and inaugurating a great ed-
ucational campaign.
At the recent national conference
of Liberty Loan committees in Wash
ington, treasury officials expressed
the belief that the next loan would be
the largest yet authorized. This con-
ference was attended by w. C. Ward
law, chairman of the executive COM
mittee and st. Elmo Massengale,
chairman of the publicity committee
and others representing this district.
Realizing the magnitude of the un-
dertaking, machinery was put in mo-
tion Immediately upon their return
for establishing an organization
capable of handling this districts al
lotment of the next bond issue.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1918-01-29
SOCIETIES TO BUY
WAR STAMPS

%
War Savings Societies are to be or
ganized in every town, village and
hamlet in the state of Florida during
the month of February in accordance
with extensive plans mapped out by
the state director of war savings j.
F. C. Griggs.
It is the purpose of the govern
ment to have as many societies form.
ed in the United States as is possible,
at least one society for every so in
habitants of the United States. This
will mean that there will be war saw
ings societies IN the churches, in the
schools, in the workshops in the farm
ing communities and everywhere as
many as 10 or Is people can be gath
cred together to become interested in
the art of thrift and saving.
The governments idea for the for
nation of thrift and saving societies
is not primarily for the purpose of
raising money. As Mr.. Frank, A.
Vanderlip expressed it, the govern
ment has unlimited credit, and it can
secure money as fast as it needs it,
but the government does now need
service, shop room and material, and
it does need citizens who are thrifty
and saving, for they are the govern
ment, and the more thrift and saving
is exercised, the stronger financially
is the government. The fundamen-
tai principle of saving has never been
established in the United States. This
country saves less per capita than
any country on the face of the earth.
Germany, the country with which we
are at war, leads all nations In saw
ings accounts, the average savings
per capita being S88.08. The next
country in point of saving is Ger
many's principal ally-Austria, where
the savings per capita is s46.29. Bel
gium. nom subjugated to German rule
is third, with saving per capita of
$3.50, and the next in order come
France-s27.5 SO, United Kingdom, s25
IA, Italy s24.58, Hungary s22.47, Rus
sia $1,000, United States 1922. These
countries which are leading the Unit
ed States in thrift have demonstrat-
ed that this habit and practice of
their people stands any nation IN good
stead In troublesome times such as
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1918-01-29
AUTO ROUTES IN FLORIDA

Practically all strangers IN Florida
naturally suppose that road condf-
tions here are something like they
are in the north in the summertime,
and some of these tourists who are
not posted upon Florida and condi-
tions are inclined to take it for grant
ed that they can travel wherever
they see a road indicated on the map.
Some of these tourists even viii dis
regard advice that they receive and
attempt to go over roads th6t we
know to be impossible.
Practically every inquiry that We
have shown that motor tourists In
Florida are anxious to cross from
coast to- coast via the shortest route.
Therefore we are particularly en-
phasizing that the road from Kis-
simmee to Melbourne is impossible
at the present time; that the road
from Orlando to Minis and Titusville
is also impassable All tourists wish
ing TO cross the state must 90 via
New Smyrna, Sanford and Orlando,
unless they wish to drive lao miles
over sand road from Kissimmee, via
Keenansville, Passenger, Okeechobee
City and Fort Pierce. This route is
passable, but very disagreeable.
There is another change this week
in the route through Polk county be-
tween Kissimmee and Tampa. The
best route for the present is via VIM
ter Haven, Barlow, Mulberry, Cor
onet and Plant City The road be-
tween Lakeland and Plant City is
closed and being hardened; the de-
tour is in bad shape. By going via
Winter Haven, Barlow and Mulberry,
there is asphalt all the way through
Polk county, except five miles be-
tween Eagle Lake and Barlow, and
the detour around that stretch is in
good shape.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1918-01-29

now prevade the entire eastern conti-
nent. The plan for the organization
of war savings societies has been
mapped ont by experts in Washing
ton using the best methods employed
in all the European countries; special
manuals have been prepared for the
formation of societies generally, and
one especially intended for use in the
schools, as it is proposed TO make saw
ings and thrift regular feature of
the curriculum in all schools.
1t is especially important that this
phase of school work be taken up In
the south, for of all these groups of
states the southern states are next to
last in the point of savings-the New
England States, of course, leading,
with per capita saving of $242.80.
During the month of January the
activities of the war savings commit
tees in the various counties of the
state and of the nation have been en-
gagged in the establishment of sales
agencies where stamps can be secur-
ed. There are not as many agencies
in this county as the government de-
sires, for it is anxious to have thrift
stamps at every place where sale and
exchange is engaged in, and every
business concern or individual is es-
pecially invoked TO get small supply
of stamps, so that those who desire
TO purchase them viii suffer no in
convenience in making such purchase.
1t is not proposed to discontinue eff
forts to establish agencies, but the
committee having chargeof the work
in this country is anxious to receive
applications at any time, so as to en-
courage the establishment of sales
stations, which can sell stamps just
as they would sell postage stamps.
It is proposed to organize in this
county war savings society for every
fifty inhabitants, and the members of
this county committee will not rest
until they have established this num-
Der of societies.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1918-01-29
COSTLY EXPLOSION
MICHIGAN FACTORY
Alcohol Refining Plant Destroyed
Worth Half Million, but
No Lives Lost
(Associated Press)

Marquette, Mich, Jan. 29.--An ex-
plosion which was followed by fire
early today destroyed the alcohol
refining plant, primary buildings and
a series of condensers of the Pioneer
Iron Furnace Company shere. The
loss is estimated at half a million.
First reports said number of lives
were lost, but at daylight it was be-
lieved none were dead. Only two
were injured. The police believe the
explosion was due to incendiarism.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1918-01-29

The compositor in setting the O.
K. Teapot Grocery advertisement
yesterday got two of the paragraphs
transposed, which made it read
rather awkwardly. This has been
changed today and we are calling the
attention of our readers to the mat
ter so that it may be read again as
corrected and thoroughly understood.
Mr.. Harvey Clark, proprietor of the
@. K. is very particular about his
advertising and gives this branch of
his business his personal attention.
When you read one of his ads. you
have found out something you prob
ably didn't know before as they are
always full of real information.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1918-01-29
LIST OF REGIsTRANTs
Ordered to Report for Physical Elk,
animation February 4th. 1918

animation February 4th, 1918
Howard Hunter, Mcintosh.
Johnnie White, Micanopy.
: George Baker, Gitra.
james Barber, Sparr.
James o. Denmark, Morl.iston.
Wallace Bagley, Sparr.
Ernest e. Mills, Morriston.
Charles j. White, Micanopy.
Ramney L. Galloway, Citra.
Wilbur d. Mixson, Central.
Will Howard, Mcintosh.
Frank Collins, Ocala.
Ernest Jackson, Kendrick.
Charlie Daniels, Citra.
Joseph M. Scarborough, New York
Frank Daniels, Citra.
Henry Neidernhoefer, Lowell.
Arthur N. Rou, Fairfield.
Walter Williams, Romeo.
Willie G. Maultsby, Romeo.
Archie Lopez, Ocala.
Decnair Davis, Ocala.
Ollie E. Virgins, Romeo.
Clarence r. Marston, Williston.
Hardy Nichols, Palatka.
John w. Grantham, Sparr.
Yancy Jones, Martin.
Otis jackson, Romeo.
John Robinson, Martel.
Reed Hollinger, Altoona.
Jim Williams, Morriston.
Emanuel Graham, Burbank.
Frederick Fl. Davis, Moss Bluff.
Samuel S. VanNess, Ocala.
Phillip w. Dye, 0cala.
George II. Houston, Citra.
Walter Mathews, Santos.
Willie Ashford, Irvine:
Alton B. Coggins, Weirsdale.
Henry L. Redding, Summerfeld.
Calvin d. Colding, Williston.
Samuel p. Holly, Ocala.
Alozno B. Folks, Juliette.
Henry B. Brooks, Cater
T. E. Hough, Dunnellon.
Carl Y. Carlson, Summerfield.
Robert l.. Mccormick, Oak.
John w Redding, Summerfield.
Leon Simpson, Weirsdale.
Ellie Howell, Sparr.
Local Board for Marion County,
By Ls R. Trammell, Clerk.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1918-01-29
AIR RAIDS ON LONDON

London, Jan. 29.-Two attacks by
enemy air raiders were delivered on
London last night. About fifteen
German airplanes of which four or
five reached London, participated in
the first raid, it is officially announc-
ed. Only one of the raiders engaged
in the second attack penetrated as
far as the city. One of the air
craft was brought down, falling ten
thousand feet in flames. Three of the
crew were burned to death. All of
the British pilots participating in the
battle returned safely
Forty-seven were killed and 169
injured in last nights rail, it is off.
cially announced.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1918-01-29
Teutonic Air Raiders Meet
Death in Battle Over London
GERMANS VIOLATING TERMS OF RUSSIAN TRUCE BY M0VNGI
TROOPS FROM EAST
Press
ASSOCIATED Press ]

London, Jan. 29.-The Bolsheviki
have split on the question of peace, a
majority being against peace on Ger
man terms and favor holy war, an
Exchange Telegraph dispatch from
Petrograd says. AS at present the
government is unable to carry on the
war, the formation of coalition of
all socialist factions is proposed.
ENEMY ARTILLERY ACTIVE
London, Jan. 29.- Hostile artillery
was active yesterday in the neigh
borhood of Havrincourt, northeast Of
Ypres, the war Office statement last
night said.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1918-01-29
REVOLUTION|STS IN
FINLAND'S CAPITAL
Fate of Government Officials Not
KnOwn-The Red Guard in
Complete Control
ASSOCIATED Press)

Copenhagen, Jan. 29.-The Red
Guard has won complete control of
Helsingfors, the capital of Finland,
Stockholm dispatch to the National
Tidende reports. It is not known
whether the Finnish government OFF,
cials escaped from the revoluntion-
aries or not.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1918-01-29
ITALIANS MAKE A VIOLENT
- ATTACK

Berlin, Monday, Jan. 28.-The
Italians launched violent attack
yesterday on the northern froat be-
tween the Asiago and Brenta rivers,
says an official statement issued this
evening.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1918-01-29
BERLIN STRIKE
DIDN'T MATERAL|zE
Reports Say that Trades Unions Re.
fused to Cooperate with
Factory Worl1men
Associated Press)

Amsterdam, Jan. 29.-The big gen.
eral strike in Berlin announced for
Monday didn't materialize, according
to advices from the German capital
The agitation had only limited sue
cess, the trades unions refused to CO.
operate and only in a few sections
did the factory workmen strike.
The Ocala evening star. [volume] (Ocala, Fla.) 1895-1943, 1918-01-29
RIVERS RISING RAPIDLY
FLOODS WRECKED OHIO RIVER
CRAFT

Paducas, KY, Jan. 29.--Descendfng
ice gorges in the Tennessee and Ohio
rivers converging here today swept
winter feet packets Nand other craft
from their moorings and carried
them down stream. Appeals for help
from persons marooned on the craft
were plainly heard as they passed the
city.
A report from Metropolis, Ills,
said several packets were seen stand
ing on end in the ice. 1t was said
that probably dozen boats were
caught in the ice and the damage if
all are lost is estimated at $500, Geo.