davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01
new ENGINES
FOILU-B0ATS
Standardization Of Marine
Power Plants Helps to,
Repair Ships.

London. July a.-American IDEAS In
Standardization are beating the u
boats by means Of standardized ma
rine engines. which replace those DAM
aged by U-boat attacks.
All along the shores OF England
where the innumerabie shipping sta
tions of the admiralty are hghtine
the U-boat, Standardization In WORK
has been slowly but surely felt.
Production in large quantities Of
marine engines Of not more than 1alf
a dozen types has already worked
wonders. Shafting. auxiliary ma
chinery, pumps, valves, fittings and
piping are also manufactured in guam
titles, fullest advantage being taken
of duplication and Of available re-
sources In supply and labor.
Firms falling behind in their sched-
ule for ship construction are thus
able to call on the reserve supply to
satisfy their needs and complete their
work on time.
The earlier engines manufactured
were able to work under a pressure
of $500 horsepower and in cases OF
emergency could make 5000 horse
power. The models now being made
are Of TAR greater power and are
available to all types of vessels from
that of the small coaster size to ocean
going ones.
Under present conditions should a
U-boat damage a ships engines II
does not mean the end of that boats
capacity for future work. II she still
can be towed into port a new set of
engines il put in at once. This Is
one of the fruits Of Standardization.
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01

At the same time a pIenteous fu-
ture supply was ordered. The whole
sum spproximated for the purno-
was less than 500. 900. Ana on.
dose OF the serum will save A
wounded mans leg or arm, or per-
chance his life.
II does more. II prevents that
sinister sister to gangrene-tetanus
or lock jaw.
How to treat gaseous gongrepe
has always been one Of the most
profound surgical problems Of war
said Col Welch. Infection inyari-
ably comes from contact Of the
fresh wound with the soil. Tn.
richer the soil. the thicker the bs-
cilli.
Improved surgical technic has
in itself reduced the number OF
fatal cases. however. independent
OF anti-toxin. The Carrel treat
Misunderstanding the wound at the
casualty clearing stations instead
OF waiting until the victim reached
the base hospital. as formerly, has
helped materially.
Getting back. briefly, 10 the
horse-the bacilli are injected
quickly there forms a sac " poi
son. or toxin, above the scar and
from this sac is taken the basis
for the snti-toxin. Each horse
gives OF two or three quarts OF
the hfe-saving fluid at one opera
ton The human dose is one-fourta
OF one ounce.
And the horse doesn't die II.
repeats" his patriotic lsi ratory
function over and over.
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01
NAVY EXAMINES ITS
OFFICE FOR FIGHTERS

Rear Admiral MCGOWAN, Paymas-
ter General of the Navy, is to con-
duct an investigation OF the per-
sonnel of the Bureau OF Supplies
and Accounts of the Navy Depart
ment to ascertain how many men
can be spared without interfering
with the efficiency OF the service.
Officers of the bureau have been
requested by Admiral MCGOWAN to
report in regard to the number of
men in their respective divisions
who may be replaced by women.
Every man released from shore
duty" Admiral MCGOWAN declared,
whatever his rank or rating. adds
just one more to the fighting force"
These reports will include not
only'reservists, but regulars as well,
the only object being to carry on
the work here and at the same time
release the maximum number of
men for duty at the front.
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01
FOUR OF MIME
WORLD SUPPLY
SMALL TALK
Actors, Favorites Here, in
Courts; Bushman, d.
vorced, Weds Bayne.

Lightning changes in the affec-
tions of actors and actresses Is
proverbial. and four of Washing
toms favorites are typifyihg this fact
this week.
Last Friday Francis X. Bushman,
the movie star. was divorced by his
wife in the Baltimore courts after
a sensational hearing. A business
partner was named as correspond
ent. He was ordered by the court TO
pay Josephine F. Bushman, his wife,
$4,000 and $4,000 yearly. and she
is to have the custody Of their five
children.
Four days later Bushman married
Beverley Bayne. his leading lady,
and today they are at Bushmore.
near Baltimore, beginning a months
honeymoon.
Miss Fanny Brice who Is playing
the leading role in why Worry" at
the Belasco this week, has been made
defendant in a suit brought by Mrs.
Jules Arndstein OF New York. She
is asking 100000 OF the actress for
alienation Of the affections Of her hus-
band.
Miss Brice characterizes the suit as
''blackmail.''
Mrs. Arndstein alleges that in Lad,
she and Arndstein had been married
Il years. when he deserted her for
Miss Brice.
Grace LaRue, a Washington favor
ite. who has been appearing here many
seasons. Is seeking divorce from her
husband, Byron Chandler.
When the actress and her husband
appeared in court yesterday, Chandler
declared that he was not legally
separated from his first wife at the
time he paid court to Miss I.aRue. He
therefore said he considered his mar
riage to her invalid.
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01
Turkey Nearly An Hun.

Turkey Nearly All Hun.
It Is pointed out that 1t is most un-
likely that the Porte has dared to defy
the Kaiser. for the simple reason tha,
Turkey today. at least from a mill
tary and governmental standpoint, is
almost as German as Germany her.
self.
German officers dominate and direct
the Turkish general staff; German
generals and colonels lead the Turkish
army; German guns and munitions
supply II, and even the Turkish navy
is German.
For this reason, even II the Turkish
governing power should get peeved at
Berlin and break relations, It would
get no support from the army, which
would continue to obey the orders of
its German officers.
Turks Needed By Germans.
American diplomatic and military
officials believe II more likely that the
Kaiser would side with Turkey In its
dispute with Bulgaria than with Bull
garia. The pan-German "Mjttel-Euro-
pa" scheme which aims at the domina-
ton Of Europe and Africa depends for
Its success on Turkey. which controls
the railway and trade routes from
Constantinople through Asia Minor to
India
Therefore, II there has been a sew
erance Of relations. 1t Is likely that
the Kaiser will apply the mailed fist
to Turkey as he applied It to Russia
and make Of Turkey another vassal
state under complete Hun domina-
ton.
II he doesn't do so Turkey Is In a
position to bar the pan-Germans' way
to Bagdad and spoil forever the pro-
ject Of through railway under Ger
man control from Berlin to the gate
way Of India
Turkey can not afford to quit the
war while a British army Is holding
Palestine and Bagdad. Her elimina-
ton from. hostilities would hasten
victory for the allies, but American
officials do not believe 1t is a fact yet
they are inclined to the contrary
opinion that 1t is German propaganda
designed to cover up the Kaiser's
plans for a campaign against the
British In Egypt.
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01
PUTSSTOP TO
ship BUILDING
BY WAR DEPT.
War Industries Board With
holds Steel Shipping
Board to Control.

The War Industries Board took
sharp action yesterday on the issue
between the War Department and the
Shipping Board regarding the desire
Of the former to build ships.
II refused to allow theiwar Depart
ment steel for either ships or yards,
and placed the question Of steel and
all other material for ships in the
hands Of the Emergency Fleet Corpo-
ration. The situation created by the
War Departments shipbuilding prop
osition brought about a meeting of the
priorities committee of the board yes
terday at which every agency Of the
government interested in the building
OF watercraft was represented. These
conclusions were reached:
l. Each government agency shall
prepare Its own plans and specihca-
tons for such ships and other water
craft as IT may require, comforting
and collaborating from time to time
with other interested agencies to the
end that uniform standards as nearly
as practicable shall be adopted.
2 II an agency of the government
other than the Emergency Fleet Cor
poration desires and requests II. the
said corporation will, where practi-
cable, undertake to construct. or to
have constructed, proposed vessels ac-
cording to the plans and specifications
prepared by the first-named agency.
3 In any event no contracts for the
construction of vessels will be placed
by any such government agency until
they have been cleared through the
Emergency Fleet Corporation and
through the War Industries Board In
the event of disagreement between the
agency proposing the construction and
the Fleet Corporation the controversy
shall be adjusted or decided by the
War Industries Board.
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01

the success of the endeavor than any
other one person. He endorsed it
heartily and threw the weight of his
influence in its favor,
The question that is being asked
now is: Does It pay?" Can we af-
ford these seeming luxuries? For an
swer let me say that the two watch
words OF our army must be morals
and morale. This keeping in touch
with mother, with wife, sister or
sweetheart does wonders In sustain
Ing morale. II drives away home
sickness. 1t makes the soldier stick; /;
he keeps his nerves; he keeps his
health. And as for morals?
Mother is coming to see me next
week.. said a husky six-footer in
khaki to me. II sure will be glad to
see her." And looked in his glad
eyes and his wholesome face, and
said to myself: Yes, 1t pays"
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01
LOS ANGELES HOSPITAL
ARRIVES In ENGLAND

Secretary Daniels announces that
the officers, enlisted men and equip
ment of a navy base hospital, under
command Of Medical Director Charles
NJ. DeValin. United States navy, re-
cruited principally from Los Angeles,
Cal, have arrived in England for ser
vice with the Navy Expeditionary
Forces In that area This hospitaI,
which will comprise personal and
equipment sufficient for 500 beds, was
organized by DR.. Ray Smith. of Los
Angels. as director. and was mobili-
zed some time ago for service abroad
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01
National Forest Lands
Are Restored to Entry

President Wilson has signed an
executive order restoring the public
lands In q small area in the Angeles
National Forest, California. to public
entry. -.
These lands will be subject to entry
under the homestead laws requiring
residence at and after o'clock. a. m,
September Is, and to settlement and
other forms of disposition on and
after October 2, 1913
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01
Bx CHARLES NJ. cox.

Charles NJ. Cox Of the Charles
NJ. Cox Company Is the biggest
grain dealer East of Buffalo. <He
left his business to give all his
time without compensation to War
Community Service. also paying
all his own expenses. He has two
sons In the arrny.-The editor.)
The plump little person who served
me my equally plump baked apple in
the Community House at Chillicothe,
Ohio. told me that her husband was
a private in the army.
And where is he stationedr' I
asked.
Right here at Camp Sherman" she
demurely answered.
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01
ENGLISH TOBACCO AwES YANE
Nation That Can Smoke 1t and
Live Can't Be Beaten"

London, July 31.-Uncle Sans boys
are crazy about English tobacco.
Here's what one had TO say about It:
Gee. your tobacco's the fiercest juak
ever cropped. A nation that can
smoke 1t and live can never be beaten,
nohow. Your half-dollar cigars are
worse than a two-cent east side
stinker. Thank heaven. the President
is sending US some genu-wine tobao-
CO."
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01
Goats Experimental Goats.

LhO uOse VI pilOS-
gene is two-tenths of one grain.
Goats Experimental Coats.
OF course. it Is impossible to ex-
pertinent on human beings with
these deadly gases. Equally, II
would be too expensive to use ami
mails of high value to man for food
purposes The ideal animal to use
would be the pig. since, curiously
enough, the respiratory apparatus
and the general reaction of the pig
to gases approach nearest to that
Of the human. Pigs are too valua-
BILE for food, however, so the goat
was selected-most appropriately.
The goat was picked after a study
OF the embryology of various ami
mals-to select that animal whose
young in the embryonic stage most
resemble the human offspring before
birth.
The goats used for experimental
purposes are subjected to the vari-
Gus gases under the same conditions
the soldier of the battlefield encoun-
ters; the air Is saturated at different
intensities with the particular gas
under experiment and the results
noted.
Nine great factories producing toxic
gases are under the control of the
gas service officer stationed at Nj
agara Falls. Technically this dis
trict is part OF the great Edsewood
Arsenal, built at Edgewood, Nd, by
the gas service. From the Niagara
plants go the cylinders filed with
the deadly poison to Edgewood. Here
the shells manufactured by the Ord
nance Department for holding gas
are filled and shipped overseas.
Gassed Over Here.
Six months ago practically nothing
had been done in gas manufacture,
except experimental work. Today the
gas service Is grabbing every select
service man whose previous occupa-
tion record shows that he has had
even a smattering of chemistry. Such
man has no chance at all to get
over there" at present: but his work
is likely to. be much more important
than II he were shouldering a rifle.
Not few men have already yielded
their lives in experiment and handling
of deadly gases. And not a few more
have been 'gassed' more or less
severely 5000 miles away from the
Hun. These men are an example of
the intricate network of organization
behind the lines that is necessary
in modern warfare.
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01
HUN SAYS RUSS LOVES
YOU If YOU KICK HIM
German Newspaper Writer Com
plains Russia Lacks Appreciation.

"Friendliness is the last means by
which to gain the respect OF a Rus
sian,s according to an article appear
ing recently in the Deutsche Tage-
zeitung. and quoted by the British
bureau Of information.
The writer of the article. In refer
ring to the problem OF Esthonia and
Livonia, asks IL the people OF these
provinces are to be given democratic
rights. advocating that a clean sweep
OF the "Hoollgans and Ruffians" be
made, and that a system of German
education be set up, permitting only
those who have graduated from a Ger
man school to participate in the gov
ernment
The article closes with the remark
that no thanks can be expected from
the people of the provinces for the
great service Germany is to do them.
Give a Russian a kick" the writer
declares, "and he will love you, kiss
you, and he will skin you"
School attendance IN London since
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01

A barbecue will he held Saturday
Hfternoon. August 3, at $3.50 o'clock
by the All States Club at Great
Fails. Tickets may be had through
the Government Recreation League
ADV.
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01
Kaiser to Seize Netherlands?

Amsterdam. July 31.-The Kaiser is
reported to have asserted that Ger
many will assume military control Of
the Netherlands early in August.
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01
KAISER WILL GOBBLE UP TURKEY
IF SULTAN SPLITS WITH BERLIN
Germans; Believe Report Is Simply An
other Case of Hun Propaganda

report Turkey has split with Germany believed
Washington be German camouag spread broadcast
purpose of decng the allies the real strength
Huns and dvertng minds from military affairs.
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01

German troops in the Ukraine have
been sent to the Western front, being
replaced by Austrians.
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01
GAS SERVICE VITAL
WAR WORK FACTOR
In UNITED STATES
CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE.

kill a man Cor an animaD in FIVE
minutes. The '1ethal dose OF phos-
gene is two-tenths of one grain.
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01

School attendance IN London since
19l5-19l6 has fallen on by $3.50.
The Washington herald., 1918-08-01

Gen. E. +. Glenn, who Is In charge
Of the camp is more responsible for
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02

wANTED-afeu IN ison yard. sc per br
Motor Tire &C. III ". sample j216-tf
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02
RIVER PARK

The regular business meeting OF
.,l,.. f.sies. Aid soriet, of the Meth
,,st., lsrfs..ou,r church was held
rbursIav afternoon at the home OK
Mrs John David NI-htNaka at-
The meetine opened with devotion
al service lead b, AIRS Clark Brown
psnorr~ of -rc various committee
ere given and committees arranged
ro help with -er,mg meals and
lunches at the rar thi- fam The
ladies will meet next WEDNESDAYS at
Red cross HEADQUARTERS to sew and
make surgical dressings a business
uoerins viii be held Aus % az the
homo of Mrs Russell Nofhtt <.
Eighth ~
Mrs willis Neicalf. a. Eighth ~.
was hostess al dinner n honor or
Mr. and Mrs Clarence Noon of Ken
daltHIe Ind Covers were laid Tor
D.. Mr. Moon. who was honora1Is
discharged from the United States
army after Sis months service on
The NeNicau border haas re-cuIiSted
and viii leave this week for camp
Zachary Taylor. Louisville Ky
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02

bidgs and lots of fruit. IL mile near
city limits Of South Bend ON Interubn
line. + j. Clark x Son Bell s73;
Home $685.. Res phone Home 62S6
6430-tf.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02

FOR SALE - One new Haynes. one
Dodge roadster Nikart'S new location.
1924 F. Colf,A 8452t
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02
u. S. ARMY DEATH RATE
IN THE CANTONMENTS Is
LOWEST SINCE OCTOBER
ASUTNGTtIN

WASHINGTON A4s The
health OF troops u -ls training
CAMPS and cautonu-nt- Of the
United States during th- week end
u- july rs was characterized -
good bon weekly report issued Thurs
aay By the war department The
death rate for -n- weeA was 2.
THE lowest recorded since last 'c-
toaer Deaths NUM- .ered Iyf
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02

" ANIED--Lady mattresses. Apply 2l1
y Mich. American Restaurant. 6Js.i-j
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02

NOTICE TO FARMERS.
We will buy farms from 10 to 100
acres this fall If YOU wish to sell list
your farm with US at once. Write for
particulars. Gary Farm Exchange
1895 Broadway. Gary. Ind 6j92-6
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02
FOR Observation-Disclosures.

FOR SALE Three COWS. Prices rel-
sonable 1s06 =. Kendall 81 C50J-1
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02

FOR SALE Studebaker roadster. fine
model in excellent condition. Noise
less and powerful An exceptional Op-
portuuity 70 buy a car right Call after
Is Bell 1863 6JI1-4
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02

MIEN WAN TTED
~ kRoW the best place iR south Bend %
bay WoEk shoes 10 y NchiRan 81
MODERN SHOE STOkE-
S24-tf
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02
REAL ESTATE FOR SALE.

FOR SALE-Au eight room modern
house at S17 Portage Nv. located In y
". part OF city. ON paved street and
carline Price 5000. will take a small
pay ment down Phone Eell III Home
1896 or call South Bend Realty Co. ~
:. Main st G2SS- II
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02

WANTED An cxIericncel hair dresser
Address Box Lilo. News Zine
GG23-4
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02

WANTED Girl 20 answer phones ~ 10
s, 81. Joe COLI
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02

GOVERNMENT Will HOLD CIVIL
SERVICE EXAMINATIONS In South
Bend Ina August. 5000 women clerks
needed az Washington. Women desiring
govern uleut cierkships write Tor free
particulars On r. T. Terry former civil
~ervi~a examiner. Slj Columbis Bldg
W Washington. Gil5-G
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02
KODAK sUPPLHs.

Mair St. IL now handling a complete
supply ~ kodaks and Kodak Supplies
Of every description. We will sell you
anything in the picture taking llne and
also develop your films quick q
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02
FARM LANDS.

For SaLE-N4 acres l. miles from
city. miles from small town with >
railroads Il acres timber and pasture
balance under cultivation; clay loan
soil, new basement barn, stable room
for % head: Groom house; corn-crlb
and tool house. Price $50 per acre.
W. X McHenry. 220 Farmers Trust
Bldg. Fl. p 5733; Bell 299. 6324-f
FOR EXCHANGE-Te acres. good
land. and good buildings or main
road: close 90 South Bend. Large or
chard and plenty Of small fruit An
II. 7. Oil. A. .. Voigt Mgr. b =. a..
FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE acre
farm; 100 acre farm 50 acre farm 40
acre farm: 10 acre truck farE. acre
garden tract. All the above property is
owned by us. have fair improvements and
are for exchange for c3ty property in any
tending over a period Of 10 years. II. NJ.
Hastings office open evenings Bell
2il Home 64l0. 1923 II
NOTICE TO FARMERS.
We will buy farms from 10 10 100
acres this fall. If you wish to sell list
your farm Win Us at once W rite for
particulars. Gary Farm Exchange
l7J Broadway. Gary. Ind 1926
FOR EXCHANGE - acres first class
bidgs and lots Of fruit. H. mile near
city limits Of South Bend ON Interuban
Home 66f7 Res ph,ne Home 62s6
643O-tf.
FOR SALE or EXCHANGE.
60 ACRES 2lz MILES OUT
All nice level land. good permanent
pasture. large orchard, 6-room house.
barn i0XJ0 with COW shed On main
auto road 4 fine home site.
IL p 5111 A. G. VOigt Mgr. B Z. 49,
". A Norris
CENTRAL REALTY co,
800 Citizens Bank Bldg
5725-tf
FOR SALE o. rxCHANGE-A hue
modern home. right on South Michi-
gan ST. close in This property must go
by the first Of August. +. ]. Clark and
Son. 305 Farmers Trust Bldg. Home
uo4I, beLL go. oI--- u
AUTOS. MOTORCYCLES BICYCLES.
wANTED-1.O 600 tres. P1ing in your old
tires. We pay cash, from 4c 10 lOc
SOUTH BEND TIRE EXCHANGE.
l26 y Michigan ST. Home phone 10:
OO4' u
FOR SALE - one new Haynes. one
Dodge roadster Nikart'S new location,
1924 z. cote 8452-h
FOR SALES udebaker roadster. fine
model in excellent condition. Noise
less and powerful An exceptional OPP
portuuity 70 buy a car right Call after
Is Bell 1858 6JI1-4
ATTENTIONS
FORD OWNERS.
/ IL you contemplate disposing OF your
/ Ford car. see Us before you sell, as we
Y have numbs- Of prospective buyers
who viii pay you the highest cash price.
HINKLE MOTOR co.
227-29 y Lafayette
u Bell g33s. Home 2Ji5.
3 55JS- Il
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02
REAL ESTATE Loans.

MONEY To LOAN ut $40 ON farms
Why pay more? Garn Bros pa
Farmers Trust Bldg II. SjI7. r. T53
6l26-tf
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02

WANTED Experienced bOokkeCper Tor
accounts receivable ledger. must come
we'll recommended. Address Box D-1G9
News Times 6lSi-u
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02
WANADS Ell: e.; Ell
LOST AND FOUND.

LUST-Sman leather bill fold. three $40
bills between south Bend National
Hank and postOnicc Monday moon Re
ward. y. D. Munro. $40 y Washington
AZ. GI61 81
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02
.SSSSS$SS$SSSxSSSS$SSSSSSSSs
.S$S$S$$$SSSySSSSSSSSS$SSSsG Es
TIE PRESTIGE


, Gained % many years VI s4Lls-aC- .
cory dealings with thousands Oi ;
people enables Us O. grant you bet ,
. ter rates and terms Ca loans than :
5 yOl4 can probably get elseW here. =
) On each loan We make the terms ,
5 are made 60 suit the BORROW LE.c >
financial circumstances. This makes ,
5 the loan easy 70 pay Oh and as >
) sures satisfaction al around. ;
, Loan On FURNITURE PIANOS. :
5 LIVE STOCK. FARM NIPPLE >
) MEMS, AUTOS, etc s
) Put in your coal NOW. Wen fur ;
) nish the money and NJ one required 5
> 70 sign With you. Bell I13G. Home =
/ Gilt.
STATE LOAN COMPANY.
5 Capital. SJO.OOO.UO.
) suite D. Merchants Bank Bldg. III :
S :. Michigan ST. South Bend Ind. s
5 Dealings with any OF above 4
; companies are guaranteed by the :
; Indiana Association
.Sssssssssssssss:Sssssssssssssss
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-08-02
DO YOU KNOW THAT.

STORM sash and storm doors made and
put 40 by Us save cOal3 Miller sash
and Screen Factory. sic Portage av.
Home phone 2oC2 n