davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-03-03
Brigadier General To Be
Put in Command at
Each Station.
ields To Be Bigger
Recent Accidents, 1t Is De-
clared, Will Not Interfere
With Nations Airplanes

WASHINGTON. March 2.-Divsion
of the United States into four great
aviation departments was considered
today by council of signal corps of
ficers, headed b. Major General George
0. Squier, chief signal officer.
The proposal most favored would re-
suit in the formation of an Eastern de-
partment to include the Northeastern
and Eastern Military departments, with
headquarters at Governors Island; the
Southeastern Department, covering the
territory now embraced in that mill
tary department, but with headquar-
ters probably at Atlanta, instead OF
Charleston; the Southern, with head
quarters at San Antonio, and the Cen
tral, embracing the Central and West
ern Military departments, with head
quarters at Chicago.
departmental aviation officer with
rank of brigadier general would be
placed incharge of each.
Not Due to Accidents
ne decision to create the depart
ments, with an executive officer in
charge of eacn who viii. have con-
'fol OF all the training camps, depots
and stations within its limits. is de-
cIared to have no connection with the
recent fatal accidents at flying fields
operated by the signal corps. The
change is based entirely on considern
tlons of administration, officers of The
corps said to-day.
1t is learned that the recent acci
dents will not result in any changes
IN the plans of the air service other
tnan the enlargement of flying fields
already announced. Veteran army avi
atorS mold that certain number OF
deaths is to be expected and should
be discounted in advance No unusual
horror is felt, they point out. when a
reconnotterlng party is sent across Nc
Mans Land at the expense of dozer
lives to obtain few prisoners.
w. S. Test Most Severe
The training schedule now in force
requires each student to fly nine hour:
with an instructor before he is allowed
to do solo work" This compares witt
the four-hour schedule maintained un
der the regulations of one of the Allies
American flying fields to date have ha,
oHe aCcluent 10 approximately ever,
2,40O hght-hours, against one to. ever,
1,40o in the flying schools of tina
country.
Official reports received here upol
recent accidents show that large pro
PORTION of them resulted from unusua
atmospheric conditions. At a Souther
heid only two students were in the all
when sudden eddy of air moving wit
gale force, swept them together. Re
ports from Memphis are that hig
!, winds have prevailed for several week
making the instruction relatively muc
more hazardous.
Another important contributor
cause reported in recent fatalities ha
been the desire of students who hav
about completed their training to un
dertake difficult Stunts" Any tenden
IL along this line brings drastic disci
rline on the head of the flyer when i
is reported to his commanding office,
New-York tribune., 1918-03-03
German Feints Seen as
Preliminary to I'm
portant Operations
Berlin Statement
Claims Successes
Haig Dispatches Describe
Victorious Assaults on
Teuton Positions

LONDON. March 2.-Vast enemy
trench raidinc activities at many points
on the West front have developed
within the last twenty four hours.
Taken as whole, they surpass anv
previous activity of the year.
Unless the usual signs fail. these.
raids are combination of feints and
quests for information about the dis
position of the Allied forces, which
constitute the prelure to important ac-
tion. The promised great German Of
fensive soon may be under way, mill
tary observers here agreed to-day.
The German official statement TODAY
did not claim any important advance
as result of these operations. The
most successful in point Of prisoners
taken. according TO the enemy account.
was an attack south of Haucourt. on
the west bank OF the Meuse. near Yer
dun. Four hundred prisoners and a
large number OF machine guns were
captured. the statement said. but the
ground occupied was Immediately given
up and the companies who had as
saulted returned to their old positions.
Parts OF the line southeast of Ia
hure, taken by the French on February
10. with American guns cooperating,
were recaptured by Baken and Thur
ingian units, Berlin stated. and held in
the face Of a French counter attack
East OF Rheims the ruins of Fort
PompeIle were entered by Hessian
troops. me enemy statement declared,
and northwest OF Prosnes Rhineland
and Westphalian detachments pene-
trated French trenches
On the British front, The COM
nunique said simply, prisoners were
brought in as result OF raids near
Hollebeke and south of ST. Quentin
The day statement from Field Marshal
Haig. however, put a different aspect
on the operations against the British.
Halg revealed that the enemy's at
templs We're costly and unsuccessful.
hostile party attacked Portuguese
troops on wide from. from Neuve
Chapelle ncrthward after a heavy bonn
bardmeut this morning. but an immedi-
;-te counter lttack drove the Germans
out OF all the trenches they had en-
tered.
In raid near Hargicourt only few
Germans succeeded in reaching the
British trenches, and these were all
killed or captured.
Attacks near the Yp-es- Confines
Canal and south OF Houtholst Forest
were repulsed with loss, and few
prisoners and machine gun were
taken by the British.
Two hostile raids in the St Quentin
sector. Haig said, netted the enemy a
few prisoners.
Norfolk troops killed or took prison
ers number of the Teutons in sue
eessful night raid south of Armentieres
and other prisoners were captured by
patrols near Aforementioned
The attacks on Pershing men north
west Of Tout was only one of a dozen
Incidents OF equal or greater impor-
tance on the West front which showed
to-day the armies are. waking from the
long comparative inactivity Of the win
ter
According 70 an official statement is
sued here, British fiers dropped four
tons Of bombs Thursday night on big
enemy airdromes midway between
Tournai and Mons and on cantonments
near DouaI. The assaiants return ed
without loss
New-York tribune., 1918-03-03

covered, and sight is provided through
cellulold or glass cyepieccs. A CAMS
ter filled with secret chemicals is car
rled in small knapsack and connected
with flexible tube which goes into
the soldiers mouth. A nose clamp
forces the wearer to breathe through
MS mouth, the air being taken in
,arough the canister and any gas rem
dered harmless by the absorbent chemi-
Gals. Outgoing breath passes through
a small rubber valve in the face piece.
Effective Defence System
Mere provision of masks is only the
beginning of the defence system, how
ever, as the men must be trained to
know "nen gas attack is coming and
to adjust their masks in six seconds or
less. An alarm is given by horns. whis-
ties or rattles. The mask is carried in
knapsack at the left hip. the support
ing straps being shortened when a dan
ger zone Is entered, so that the mask
rests on the chest at the alert" A
soldier has merely to open the KNAPP
sack, pull out the flexible hose with the
face piece attached, put the rubber
mouthplece in his mouth and adjust the
bands over his head. The nose clip
can be placed in position after the
mask is on.
n,ai!ilHe the men comprises long
drills IN adjusting the masks, exhibit
tons of the efficacy of the masks by
having the men enter a gas-filled hut
wearing them, and, finally, sham gas
attacks at unexpected moments Three
separate parts now are comprised in
the gas defence service, known as the
leid supply section, field training sec
ton and overseas repair section The
trst furnishes the masks. the second
teaches Its use and the third attends to
repairs in France and the replacement
OF the canisters when the chemicals
lose their Strength.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-03
Great War-1311th Dax
Surprise Is Only Hope Of Foe
In Use Of Gas on i. S. Troops
wen Are Supplied With Most Efficient Masks in Existence
III They Get Few Seconds to Put Them on
They Will Not Be Affected

WASHINGTON, March 2.-Recent
American casualties in gas attack
illustrated the experience of all the
European armies, that the success Of
'he barbarous weapon revived by the
Germans largely was dependent on
surprise, since improved masks have
eliminated all danger, if the men have
Time to put them on. The Americans
were caught asleep or before they were
able to adjust their masks. which a
statement tonight by the gas defence
service of the medical department de-
clared to be the most efficient in OK
istence
Gas masks now are being manufact-
ured at rate which insures an annie
supply for the troops abroad and for
ttalnlng at home, says the statement.
Many factories, turning from peace to
var work are producing masks of the
approved type and in addition a gov
ernments plant employing 1000 persous
soon will be in operation to do the
more dlfficult sewing operations on the
face piece.
Full Equipment for All
The determination of the government
that no American shall 90 into the
trenches without full equipment will
prevent the narrowing experiences suf-
tered by the Canadians at Ypres in
April. 1915, when the Germans first
called to their aid the weapon outlawed d
by all civilized nations subscribing to
the Hague Convention.
Cotton fabric, carefully rubberized,
cut to fit various types of faces, forms
the taceplece of the American mask
and is held in place b. elastic bands
over the head. The ears are left un-
New-York tribune., 1918-03-03
Weekly Wage? $3.50,
Rookie Tells Captain
He Happened To Be H. L.
Judd, Who Married Mrs.
John w. Gates. Jr.

AVER, Mass. March 2.-The routine
of collecting biographies of recruits
for the National Army was broken in
a somewhat startling manner for Cap
tain Richmond P. Harding at Camp
Devens to-day.
Whats your average weekly wage"
he asked, wearily, of one OF the last of
the final quota of the first draft to ar
rive in camp.
About S3,sso." came the answer.
'W eekly-weekly," repeated the cap
tain.
about S3,sso," the rookie answered,
in the same matter of fact way.
The captain sank back IN his chair.
Whats your business?" he inquired.
What arc YOU specially trained in9"
My business has been living a re
tired life for the past eight years."
was the answer. Il am specially
trained in investment"
The rookie" was Harold l.. Judd. of
New Britain. Conn, owner of large
factory. A few years ago he married
Mrs. John w. Gates, lr. Of New York.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-03
England to Grow Flax

Because Of the dsorganized condi
ton Of affairs in Russia whence ordin-
arily comes much of the flax used in
the construction Of aeroplane wings
and in other manufacturers the gov
ernnent will undersake to stimua
the flax industry at home. 1t is plan
ned to have 10000 acres cultivated and
to pay for the crop. seed and Straw, at
the rate Of SAP per half ton. Flax grow
ing was once an important industry in
England, but for some time it has been
Ecglected.--Eathtinder,
New-York tribune., 1918-03-03
East
GERMAN

DERLIN. March . tDAY).-In Esthona
and Livonia operations are taking their
course.
General von Linsingen is following up the
enemy. who was defeated near Ryechitsa.
We captured iomel.
Kiev. capital of the Ukraine, has been
liberated by Ukrainian and Saxon troops.
AUSTRIAN
VIENNA. Friday, March LIN response
to repeated appeals by the governments and
the population, which have been especially
pressing during the last few days General
Won Boehm- -Ermolli's troops yesterday entered
Podolia for friendly interventons. They
have reached the line Of Novo Sieica- Chotin
and kamenets- Podolsky. Detachments ad-
vancing along the railroads and important
roads have been instructed to re-establish
order in the regions through which they pass
and to protect commercial routes needed for
Importation
So far about 10000 Russians have laid
down their arms and considerable quantities
of ammunition, with carts and rolling stock
have been salved
New-York tribune., 1918-03-03
Wireless in Norway Reaches
America, $500 Miles Ava,

CHRISTIANIA, Friday, March IA
new wireless station just erected at
Stavangcr has succeeded in COM
municating easily with American sta
tions during trial. Regular transat-
lantic service between Norway and the
United States will be started whenever
the American government grants per-
mission.
Stavanger is on an inlet of the North
Sea on the west coast of Norway, 100
miles south of Bergen. From Stavan-
ger TO the nearest American soil is
about $500 miles
New-York tribune., 1918-03-03
Italian Front
ITALIAN

ROME, Friday March 1.-On both sides of
the Brenta the enemys artillery was more ac-
tive yesterday. Our batteries directed an ener-
getic fire against it and also concentrated on
enemy troops in Val San Lorenzo and north of
Della Beretta. On the Asiago Plateau our
patrols captured quantity of arms and n1u-
nitions. At Pontc di piave we shelled an
automobile column Near Nervesa British
batteries brought down an enemy airplane
AUSTRIAN
VIENNA. Friday, March An Italian
advance west OF the Brenta failed
New-York tribune., 1918-03-03
Mrs. w. B. Leeds Denies She
Is Bride of Greek Prince

PARIS. March 2.-Mrs. William B.
Leeds. VINO is now in Montreux, Switz-
erland, has authorized an absolute de-
NAL of reports of her marriage to
Prince Christopher of Greece, youngest
brother of Constantine, the deposed
King. Mrs. Leeds states that she has no
intention of being married to Prince
Christopher.
"The Daily Sketch" of London, said
last month that Mrs. Leeds had been
married to the prince. She is the
widow of one of the leaders of the tin
plate industry of America. from whom
she inherited about S14,O00,000. She is
a daughter of the late William c.
Stuart. of Cleveland.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-03
John Redmond Improving

LONDON, March John Redmond
the Irish leader. upon whom an opera
ZION was performed yesterday, passed
q fairy good night. His progress is
being maintained.
Evening journal., 1918-05-14

work. Willle's crippled legs precuded
his attendance at a blind school. He
was admitted TO the shop In December,
1917, and put under the care OF one OF
our young men. In response 70 a no.
tlce OF this case In our last quarterly
report, the Sisters OF Charity and two
other contributors provided the funds
which enabled us to have Willie fitted
with braces and crutches. He Is now
able TO go over tho building alone, and
IL walking alone for the flrst time in
seven years Besides this he Is ener-
getlcally learing TO cane chairs and
other occupations within the scope Of
his crippled condition
"The looms turned out "a t~ ole floor
rugs, 1927 small rugs. and Ssi yards Of
carpet and gave employment TO one
man continuously and a helper occa-
sionallly The chair canning department
recaned 1894 chairs, gave employment
TO eight men. There were i0i baskets
made and 32i repaired which gave en-
plOyment TO one man. The broom de-
partment made i0i3i5 dozen brooms
and gave employment 10 eight men and
three vendors. The piano tuning de-
partment tuned % pianos and gave en-
ployment TO one man part OF his time.
The circulation OF embossed books for
the blind was 3ii to "a blind readers.
Total wages paid to the blind were So
qi629.
Evening journal., 1918-05-14

sheet shows a net cost Of operation OF
S3907. Compared with the operation OF
similar institutions IN Philadelphia.
Baltimore and many other cities which
have enormous state appropriations and
are paying their blind workers large
handicaps, while our appropriations are
hardly sufficient TO cover the overhead
expenses and we are compelled TO get
all The cost OF material used In manu-
facture and the blind labor, besides the
expense OF transportation out Of re-
ceipts from sales. u Is believed, In con-
the handicap under which the
blind man operates, that in some cases
a more liberal policy should be inaug-
urated This is a duty Of the sighted
TO the blind. and the state should pro
vide a handicap for those who are In
and anxious, who with their
reduced earning capacity, though with
the same energy and ability, are un-
able 10 earn sufficient 20 give them a
livelihood. Il is hoped
that the city and state authorities may
give this matter consideration that an
Increase in the appropriation to this
work may be provided TO care for the
necessities OF these worthy people
ITO show the character and neces-
sity OF orr work we have taken on flve
new men this year Two OF these men
are graduate pupils OF the blind school
where the state has been paying for
their education. As a result OF this
privilege they are now employed at the
shop with every chance Of achieving
self-support. Another case was @ col
ored farm laborer from Sussex county.
He was made blind last spring by an
accident In spreading lime on the Geld
gust OF wind blew a large quantity
into his face with a consequent almost
entire loss OF sight He spent most OF
the summer at the Wills Eye Hospital
in a vain effort TO recover his sight. lie
made application TO the Blind shop
through his friends In December, 1917,
and was admitted to the shop In Janu-
uary. 1918, since which time ne has
made a manful effort TO overcome his
handicap. He Is now a broom sewer In
the shop and has earned as much as
$500 a week while his living expenses
at the shop are SO a week. Another
case Of importance Is Willie McLoush-
lin. aged i3 years. Besides total blind
ness, Willie is a paralyiic and was not
able to walk. He was found sitting
alone locked in a room ell day while
his father who is a widower was at
Evening journal., 1918-05-14
WORKSHOP FOR THE BLIND
BUSY PLACE DURING YEAR

The Delaware Commission for the
Blind has Issued It's ninth annual re-
port as follows:
''fhe close Of the ninth fiscal year OF
the operation Of the Delaware Commits
sion for the Blind shows this work for
the uplift OF our less fortunate fellow
citizens In q most encouraging condl-
tion. While this is the ninth year since
the work was really founded IN 1907
by an act OF Legislature making an ap-
preparation 10 q committee On the
blind appointed by the superior court.
This work for the blind has therefore
been in existence for 10 years In Della
ware. Previous TO that time nothing
had been done toward the industrial
development for those without sight.
AT the Blind Shop, 3o5-3O7 West
Eighth street, which Is operated BY
the commisson, we now have a very
commodious and well-equipped plant.
The new factory building erected in
the rear Of the premises during the
present year at a cost Of $4,000 Is a
very important addition 10 this work
10 provides two splendid workrooms OF
1000 square feet each and a basement
for storage The old buildings In front
Of this. provide salesroom. library,
smoking room, and bath room on the
first floor. kitchen and dining rooms
for white and colored residents and
sleeping accommodations for 20 men on
the upper floors. The plant has a
capacity Of accommodating 20 men in
residence. and workrooms sufficient TO
accommodate double that number.
There are now in residence A blind
workmen, and besides these there have
been six nonresident workers I'm the
shop and three men and four women
working in their homes. supplied with
work from the shop, making a total
Of 81 blind people depending on the shop
for a livelihood. nearly all Of whom are
self-supportlng The public and our
patrons have responded in a most gen.
erous manner in funds and In giving us
work and we have been able 70 supply
plenty Of work for all Of these men.
We hope that this gendrous support
Will continue and that these industrious,
energetic, ambitious men, striving to
overcome their great handicap will new
er lack for work or the facilities TO
ply their trades. The plant now repre-
sents an outlay Of virtually $4,000 all
Of which has been generously contrib
uted by private philanthropy. with the
exception Of an incumbrance Of $1,000
which remains TO be paid upon the new
building. The expenses Of our opera
tion have increased. and by the balance
sheet duly audited. the overhead OK
penses including clerical help, tuition,
library. housekeeper. janitress. light and
fuel, etc, for the last year have amount
ed 20 si2i25S. while the state appro-
pristion Is $4,000. and the city $500 to
this work making a total Of $500, leav-
ing a deficit in the actual expense OF
operation Of s7i25S
The balance sheet shows cash receipts
from sales si2.9ii36 and disbursements
iSis,2iii6. Taking into consideration
the accounts receivable. and payable
and inventory Of supplies the balance
Evening journal., 1918-05-14
BIDDY BYE's GOOD FORM.

When passing a plate for a second
the knife and fork are placed
upon it. side by side. the handles rest
ing on the plates edge. It is not out OF
place 10 take a second helping at an In
formal meal, nor is II improper TO take
the last slice Of bread, or last helping
from a dish
Al a formal dinner. luncheon, ban
quet or wedding breakfast. a second
helping Is never offered
Evening journal., 1918-05-14

new bridge from the old 10 the new
High School building.
Dr.. Clifford J. Scott. superintendent
OF public schools. was not present, and
accordingly the date OF the commence
ment exercises was not discussed.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1918-05-17

of the beus, through which steam Is
passed. by means Of an inverted pan
under which steam is admitted; or by
drenching the soil with q formalin So
luton consisting of ] TO 100, or 1
10 200 solution of formaldehyde.
Crop rotation is an essential practice
whether or not Ii is necessary In the
control Of any plant maladies. There
are numerous fungous diseases which
appear year after year on the same
field. Some Of them, such as clubroot
of cabbage. are strictly soil parasites
and cannot be controlled by any fun
gicide. About the only method left 10
get rid OF the organisms is TO starve
them out and this can be done only
by a well-planned system Of crop ro-
tation. For ordinary practice, a rota-
ton of four or five years is sufficient
to reduce greatly the loss from most
parasites. Deep and frequent cultiva-
ton by means Of which the organisms
are exposed TO air and sunshine as
sists I'm exterminating them.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1918-05-17

fectly still and silent on q dead branch
or mullen top or bunch of leaves,
then suddenly making dart into the
air, wheeling and returning to his
perch That is the traffic cop on duty
at the crossing Of busy insect thor
oughfares.
You see-rather, you do not see I'M
less you are very keen-eyed and pa
tent, but he is there none the less
the yellow-billed or the black-billed
cuckoo slipping silently, like sleuth
in gum shoes, from branch TO branch
and from tree to tree He is the plain
clothes man, relentlessly hunting down
the willy enemies Of natures social
order.
There are special policemen, watch
officers and the like for various spe-
cial duties The woodpecker. with the
brown creeper and the nuthatch to
help him once in while, stands guard
over the tree trunks while the warbler
and the vireO do duty on the leaves
and little limbs.
But most interesting of all, perhaps
are the patrolmen of the air. tirelessly
going their rounds, from dawn TO dusk
and from dusk to dawn, policing every
foot Of "the space 'twixt the earth and
the sky" At twilight. the night pa
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS and whip-poor-
will-go on duty. In the gray dawn
they are relieved by the day patrol
v,,or-cxvo1louv ond cu-ift
And these day patrOlmen are OF the
greatest Importance, not only in pro
tecting mans property, but in max
ing living conditions tolerable. If the
mosquitoes, gnats and flies that swal-
lows and swifts consume were per-
mitted to run riot, living would be
increasingly q thing Of pain and sor-
row. 1t follows. then, that swift and
swallow, like all good policemen, are
entitled TO be kindly thought Of by
| the people they protect.