Evening star., 1918-12-31

10 women. Inc u8uI On tniS MSoSutS
was then transferred to the Senate,
where 1t did not come to q final vote
until October 1. At that time the
resolution was defeated, despite the
fact that President Wilson had per-
sonally appealed to the Senate for
the passage Of the resolution as
"A fight to secure nationwide prohi-
bition as q war measure was Waged
In Congress- and ON August Z9 tne
Senate. adopted an amendment to the
Agricultural extension bill providing
effective June 80. 1919, and to con.
tinue until the end Of the war ana
the ydemobflization Of the American
Army The. House concurreds IN the
amendment; September %, and the
measure was approved by President
BEEN held in conference for nearly
two months. In the meantime Presi-
dent Wilson had issued proclama-
ton on September s. ordering the
manufacture Of malt liquors stopped
on December I. This action was
taken as a food conservation meas
on Januaryr16, to relieve a serious
coal shortage which threatened to de-
lay the. shipment of war supplies 70
France, Fuel Administrator Garfield
ordered a general shutdown OF IN.
Ssses
of the Mississippi river for five days,
and ten, succeeding Mondays Febru-
ary 13 the order for heatless Mondays
was .rescinded..
On February S Food Administrator
Hoover ,tightened the restrictions on
tion Of two ounces for public eating
places; February %23 President VII
SON fixed a government guaranteed
price for, wheat varying from $s at
Spokane to 1928 at New York.
Congress increased the ;saiesuaros
ing: the. sabotage; bill. carrying pen
alties Of $4,000 fine ana thirty years
imprisonment for destruction Of war
materials or interference. with war
industries President Wilson signed
this measure on April 20. The govern
ment also prosecuted vigorously many
persons accused, of violation of the
espionage act
Another war measure adopted by
Congress which affected the WA0le
people was the daylight-saying act,
which became effective March 81. On
that date all clocks in the country
were turned forward one hour. They
were turned back on October 81.
Experiments in the use Of airplanes
In the carrying Of. the mails resulted
in the establishment. on May Is. Of the
first airplane. mail service between
Washington, Philadelphia and New
York.
The first great change in the organ
ization Of the railroads of the coun-
try. following the taking over Of the
roads by the goyernment. took place
Adoo removed all railroad presidents
and appointed federal managers for
all roads. May ,27 Mr.. McAdoo issued
an order raising freight and passen-
ger rates from 20 to: 25 per cent to
Ank H.s -
ing largely from increases. in wages
granted to. railroad employees.
Government control of railroads was
followed by government control of
all telegraph and telephone lines. Con-
gress, on July IS, authorized the Pres
ident -toe- take control of the wires,
and the. government assumed control
on, July 81. All wire systems were
placed under direction of Postmaster
General :Bur1eson. November II the
Postmaster General also took control
of ALI Atlantic cable lines, under au-
thorization from the President.
The first general election since the
United States, entered the war was
held, November S. President Wilson
created. somewhat of a sensation a
few days before the election by maxi
ing an appeal to; the voters to return
a democratic majority to Congress,
declaring that the selection of a re-
publican Congress. would embarrass
the administration and would be con-
gtrued abroad as a:repudiation of the
Presidents appeal the republicans
won both houses of Congress, the SEN
ate by majority of two and the
House by a margin Of more than
What; was declared to be a worlds
record for appropriations made by a
Legislative body in one day was made
June 20, when Congress passed meas
ures appropriating a total Of $21, 1,oo0.-
one-' Of the most impressive war
measures, adopted by Congress was
age at from eighteen to .forty-five
years. The measure was introduced on
August s.,
September 12 nearly $4,000, 900
Americans registered for military
service under the new law.
In connection with the working of
the draft machinery, Provost Marshal
General .Crowder issued his famous
work or fight" order on May %. This
required every registrant to be en-
gagged in. some useful occupation by
July or be inducted Immediately into
the military. service.
The country was surprised Novem-
Der %. by the resignation of William
G. McAdoo as Secretary Of the Treas
ury and director general Of the rail-
roads.
December S: Representative Carter
GLASS;, Of Virginia. chairman of the
committee on banking and currency
was nominated to succeed Mr.. McAdoo
as Secretary of. the. Treasury, and the
nomination was confirmed by the Sen
ate the. following day.
Gov. W: D. Stephens Of California, on
November %, cowmuted to life i'm
pr1sonment the death sentence OF
Thomas j. Mooney.
..-... '''
FOREIGN The map OF Europe was
AFFAIRS. being remade as the year
-. -. - 1918: came to close. The
}Czecho-Slovak republic was already
in existence before the close of the
war, buttthe coming Of peace saw the
formal establishment Of this new gov
| eminent at Prague. The end Of the
warYalso, practically assured the ris-
ing of a great new Poland, made up
Of most. il not all. of the territory
divided up years ago between Ger
many, Austria and Russia Finland
| threw off the shackies placed upon
| her by Russia and out of-the turmoil
| OF. civil war emerged as free and in
| dependent nation. The peoples of
| other, smaller subject states asserted
| Great Britain continued to wrestle
through the year with the Irish prob
lem.- which seemed no nearer a solu-
ton than ever when the war ended.
The French government acted vigor-
ously. during M the year ito stamp out
! charged. with being the head OF the
German SOY system in France. aad M