The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1918-07-03
VOLCANOES OF HAWAII.
Are Twenty in Number and Extend
Hundreds of Miles.

nunuIeds OF Miles,
The entire group Of Hawaiian islands.
20 in number, extending in chain for
hundreds OF miles, is Of volcanic origin,
though some of the islets and reefs are
but the wave-battered remnants of vol.
canoes whose fires died out long ago.
The island of Hawaii has been formed
by the coalescence of many recently
formed volcanoes. The walls Of the
crater of the active volcanoe OF Kilauea,
on this island, are broken down on one
side, giving access TO its "lake Of fire. .
This volcano has not always been gen
tie in its ways, but ii ID now so well
behaved that the visitor can stand safe
ly on the edge of its fiery pit and, il
the volcano is active, watch the molten
rock boiling and spouting 100 10 300
feet below. Sometimes many fountains
throw up jets OF glowing sulphrous lava
and light up with CHASTITY glare the
frowning crags that rim the crater. Then,
suddenly and with deafening detona.
lions, the jets rush together and con.
vert the lake into burning, seething.
roaring mass, making scene to which
few others in the world are comparable.
Mauna Loa, on the island OF Hawaii.
and a neighboring volcanic cone, Mauna
Kea, both nearly l4,000 feet above the
sea, are among the highest island noun
tains in the world. On the other islands
Of the Hawaiian group there are volcanic
mountains scarcely less interesting The
crater Of Haleakala. in the summit Of
East Maui, 10000 feet above sea level,
is one of the largest extinct craters in
the world and Is as we'll preserved as If
its fires had been extinguished but few
years, instead Of perhaps several hun.
dred years ago.
The active volcanoes of Hawaii give a
wonderful demonstration Of the processes
by which all these island mountains
have been built up from the great depths
Of the ocean. Since the days of Capt.
Cook, biologists and Others who are in
terested in the problems of volcanoes
have visited the Hawaiian islands and
written about them.
Near the base Of these mountains of
igneous rock lie fields of sugar cane.
which are just now of special interest.
They are supplied with water from
mountain streams and from wells and
drainage tunnels that tap underground
supplies. The geological survey, in CO.
operation with the territory Of Hawaii,
has for several years been studying the
water resources of the islands with
view 70 increasing the amount of water
available for use in irrigation, and there
fore in the output of sugar and other
crops.
Several publications giving informa-
ton on special phases of these inter
esting islands will be sent free on ap-
plication to the director of the United |
States geological survey, department of |
The interior, Washington, p. c. Among |
these are supply paper 3ls, wat !
sr resources of Hawaii, 1909. 1911" bv |
W. +, Martin and c. IT. Pierce, and wat |
paper 1886. "Water resources of |
Hawaii, 1912" by G. II. Pierce and G.. X. |
harrison. These papers deal mainly with |
stream measurements and kindred sub |
ects but contain also much information
II general interest. A paper on the wat
n supply of one of the neighboring is
ands is also available--water- supply |
PAPER II, "The water resources of Molo- |
cal Hawaiian islands" by Waldemar
Jindgren. This paper contains an ex-
'elent map of the island !
Professional paper So Of the United
States geological survey, department of
he interior, Laws of Hawaii and their
elations," by Whitman Cross, presents
. summary of our present scientific
of the lavas of the Islands.
With the exception of the introduction
he book is mainly technical. 1t con.
aims OF pages and includes an excellent
nap Of the Hawaiian islands and dia.
rams showing the composition of the
avas.