davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-09
Rendering Poland
ALI But Powgrless.

The PruSsian policy is not ia
annex more of Poland than has
already been annexed by the
shameless partitions of the past
That would give more trouble
than it would be worth, for, as
every example proves all over
Europe, the atteutpt of one white
civilized nation to govern even a
small part of another white civil,
lied nation against its will
is difficult, dangerous and ex,
ceedingly expensive operation
But if what is left of Poland can
be surrounded by diverse states,
each containing scattered and
weak Polish minoIities and each
with policy founded on oppo-
sition to the Polish claims for
the reuniting of the subJugated
peoples into a single nation, the
Prussian object would be achiev-
cd. That is exactly what is be-
ing done. The largely artificial
new states called the Ukraine
an academic term only recently
come into use - and Lithuania
are to have their frontiers drawn
with the express purpose of linn
iting the poor remnant of Po-
land.
But apart from this policy Of
dismembering and bleeding the
Polish natiOn-the one force she
fears in the east-Prussia pro-
poses to create other imperfect
and artificial states full of the
seeds Of division among them.
selves.
In the CourIand she viii rely
upon the German minority of
rich men in towns and the rich
land owners outside.
In Lithuania she viii depend
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-09
How They View
American Efforts.

"'The United States will bring
a considerable accretion of men
to the west, but this accretiOn
will be brought neither In time
nor in sufficient numbers to af-
feet the issue.
"The quarrel Of the poor
against the rich within each of
the western states, the differing
religions and national traditions
Of each, the inevitable misunder-
standings which viii arise be-
tween them in the last period of
strain viii do their work and we
shall be victorious in this sense,
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-09

Continued on page -
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-09
German Policy Of
Division in the East.

The other geographical point
which ought to be understood
upon your side of the Atlantic is
the political geography of the
states which the Germans and
Austrians are now carrying out
of the western provinces of, what
was once the Russian empire.
1t is a mere commonplace, of
course, which we all take for
granted, that if Prussia can OBJ
tain negotiated peace she will
turn these states into dependen-
cies Of the great central Euro
pean empire, of which she will
be the head, and that although
they will enjoy some form of
nominal autonomy they will, if
she is unbeaten in this war, be
nc more than provinces under
her dominion. They will GER
tainly, for instance, have to fur
nish contingents of troops as her
allies in any future war, and
they will still more certainly be
economically at the mercy of
German exploitation. All this,
| say, is understood everywhere
in Europe and taken for grant.
ed. 1t is equally understood and
equally taken for granted in the
enemy's countries quite as much
as In ours that if his armies are
defeated on the west the whole
Of his ambitious scheme in the
cast collapses. <.- --
What are not equally appre-
ciated on our side of the Atlantic,
and | suppose not on your side
either, are both the magnitude
of Germany's eastern effort and
the policy of division on which
this new erection Of states is
kased. e.1 "a. a.a
AS to the policy of division
dividing in order to rule-the
whole business of Prussia is to
diminish and weaken Poland. OF
all these states Poland is the only
one with a real national con-
seriousness of a great past and of
high civilization. A strcng Po-
land, with access to the sea,
would destroy the Prussian
scheme of conquest forever.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-09


fore the opening of this seasons
fighting-the lulI every moment
of which is filed with prepare
ton for the great coming strug-
gle-it is of value to learn to ap-
preciate the Importance of GER
tain geographical facts which
are and will be closely connect
ed with the last stages of the
great war, They should be es-
peCiaTly interesting to the Amer
loan public, since the names of
most of the points involved are
already familiar to it from the
press. But the geographical
meanings of these places and
their Importance in military
manoeuvres are, still not under
stood by that public, and unless
they learn to understand them
during this time of waiting the
movements of the war which will
soon begin will be difficult to
follow.
First, as,to the points the bonn
bardment Of which from the air
one reads of almost daily In the
present development Of the ae-
rial offensive by the allies
which, by the way, is proving the
increasing superiority of the al
lied air navies. Treves, on the
Moselle; the railway functions
outside Of ThionYille and Metz ;
| Mannheim and Ludwigshaven
opposite; the airdromes behind
the Belgian towns near the
| North sea coastal these are
outside the actual war zone, but
are the points which most con-
Germ "a.
Choking or the
Attacks on Britain.
! The bombardment. of the air
dromes behind the Belgian coast
has for its principal object in
lterference with the German air
raids on London and on other
points on the coast Of southern
England. The craft used by the
Germans for these raids over the
sea start their expeditions from
very large concentration points,
where they are stabbed, These
are not numerous and are thor
lOughly known to the British. The
perpetual harassing of them by
bomb dropping interrupts
Though it cannot as yet put a
complete end to the air often
Gsive against the civilian centers
Iof Britain. It is really, although
SCivilian imaginations are slow to
seize that fact, much the best
defence that London has against
attack from the air.
Mannheim and LIudwigshaven,
apart from the great manufacto-
Iries of war material which are
located there, form a point of
great Importance for two rea-
sons. The first is that one of the
chief crossings of the Rhine is
kthere. The second is that from
the very fact of its being a pIin-
EcipaI crossing, six lines Of rail
way converge upon it. Unfor-
Itunately Mannheim is not far
from the extreme limit possible
for successful air work on a
large scale at the present stage
sof development. 1t represents a
radius of approximately $50
miles.
Individual machines can, of
lcourse, 60 many times that dis
ltance and drop a bomb or two
on their way. We have even
had one case Of an airman fly
ing from France to very nearly
beyond the German lines in Rus
Eia; but for engine trouble he
would have crossed those lines
and landed on friendly soil.
There was another case of a
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-09

We ARE OUT OF THE HIGH RENT DISTRICT
See Our Thrss-r0om Outfit, ses.0o-siOo Per Week.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-09

\ y
the trench lines in Lorraine,
passing over Munich, where he
dropped bombs successfully on
the railway station, and landing
safely behind the Italian lines in
the Venetian plain. But for con-
tinued raids by many machines
carrying a considerable weight
of explosives Mannheim repre-
sents, not indeed the last limit
of possibly effective radius, but
still a lengthy one.
The two functions outside Of
Metz and ThionWlle are more
important, though the work
there is much more delicate, be-
cause the French naturally de-
sire to spare these two chief
towns Of Lorraine as much as
possible. Luckily for the allies,
the railway functions at both
places are well outside Of the
densely populated area.
Breaking Railway
Lines for 20 Miles.
The Importance of these two
functions is this: That if both
can be completely interrupted
there will be no direct railway
communications between the
German bases and the German
front over a gap of something
like 70 miles. AS points for the
concentration of German troops,
either in support of their front
lines or during rest periods, they
are also of great Importance.
But although less understood
because the place is of compare
lively small strategic import
ance, Treves (Which it will be
noted is much more frequently
bombed from the air than any
other place. is the most impor-
tant of all these allied air Objec-
tives. If you will look at your
map you will see that north of
the MoselIe valley there is large
billy forest district, with very
few roads and no large towns,
lying partly in Belgian and part
" in the Rhenish provinces of
the German empire. 1t includes
the Ardennes, the Eifel and what
the Belgians call "Haute
Range"
Though there is one line Of
railway crossing this country the
whole district is little suitable,
because of isolation and the bro
ken character of the ground, for
good communication AMI the sim
gle railway is not a main line and
does not lead up to the system on
which the German front in
France depends for its supplies.
1t is, in fact, a blind alley ending
in the Ardennes and only reach
ing the German front by round
about ways. "
The two great avenues of sup
ply for this front are to the north
and south Of this mass Of hills
and forest; to the north goes the
great backbone railway of north
ern Europe the Paris-Berlin line,
of which the crossing of the
Rhine is at Cologne and the
crossing of the Meuse is at
Liege. This railroad was the
chief artery of communication
for the original German advance.
To the south of this mass Of hills
is the line of the Moselle valley,
and Treves is the knot or juno
ton point for all its communica-
tions in addition to being a con-
siderable depot for men and ma
terial.
Most Important
Point of Attack.
The continued bombardment
of Treves, therefore, of which the
railway stations by this time
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-09

which can De SnOWnS where inc 81
south, junction points Of the vital raj
those armies.
.N~~~-~~.~-~~~~~~-~
organization, thinks somewhat as
follows:
eve and our allies form one
solid territorial block in the
midst of Europe. Of this block
! we, the German-speaking pOpu-
| lation, are almost exactly half,
We are not only directors of it
but masters. We have mainly to
concern ourselves, therefore,
with the state of mind Of the
German population. If that
stands firm the whole mass will
stand firm. We are blockaded
by sea and the blockade has be-
come very much more rigorous
since the United States entered
the war.
"The strain in the matter of
food and of things almost as es-
sential as food, such as soaps and
lubricating, materials, has gone
on for a long time and produces
a very depressing effect. The
enormous mortality in the field,
the rapidly rising figures of civ
ilian mortality, and particularly
of infant mortality, play their
part.
Sin any war but this such a
strain would have passed the
breaking point long ago. Men
would long ago have reached a
point where individual fatigue,
suffering and grief would have
unbalanced national ties and
dissolved national discipline.
"On the other hand, we are
fighting for our lives. We have
lone things which civilization
will not forgive and which we
can only compel it to reprieve
by showing that we are invincl-
bic and therefore immune from
punishment. That is great fac
tor of strength, and the nation
knows it.
"Next, we are fighting on for
eign soil everywhere. We hold
with our allies some two million
prisoners. Tremendous efforts
to break our front have failed In
the west, and in the east we
have completely succeeded. In
Italy we but recently won the
greatest victory Of modern or
ancient times. We are within
an ace of upsetting the equili'
brium Of our enemies and pro-
ducing a general collapse.
eve had against us two
groups of foes: on the one side
ancient civilization, represented
by Britain, Italy and France; on
the other, a hodge-pOdge of far
less developed eastern cOmmuni'
ties, a perfect labyrinth of con
flicting creeds and tongues, in
| the main Slav and deplorably or.
ganized. OF these last we have
become unquestioned masters
4
They are defeated. We can dc
what we will with them and sup,
plies from them will greatly re.
lieve our internal strain.
1.-THE first group, the ancient
western peoples, resemble a shell
which is still strong, but the con
tents of which are corrupt. They
cannot do more than resist, Their
internal materials, meanwhile
are wasting fast.
How They View
American Efforts.
"The United States will bring
Il n sa& raVv
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-09

retain all we have occupied. we
shall emerge stronger, compare
lively, than when we challenged
civilization in Europe three and
a half years ago."
Such l believe to be the gen
eral attitude directing the Ger
man minds at this moment under
Prussian influence and under
the recent great relief which is
derived through the break up of
the Russian empire and the tire
mendous victory on the Italian
front last October.
The Situation in
Austria Hungary.
What will be the correspond
ing attitude-if one could make
a sort of composite photograph
of them-of the directing minds
in Austria-HungaryR / think it
will be somewhat as follows:
"Our state is essentially dual
state, standing on the two pill
lars of Mayor ascendancy IN
the east and the ascendancy of
the German race in the west.
Both combined are a minority.
They are together only eighteen
or nineteen millions in a total
population of over fifty millions.
But so long as they agree they
are masters. The Rumanians,
Slavs, a few Mahometans and
considerable Jewish populations
which are subject to these cen
trail masters can be kept sub
ject to them, but only on certain
terms. We have had to be very
careful, even in times of peace,
to accommodate and balance the
various races which support the
throne of Hapsburg-LOrraine
"War has put upon us a very
much worse strain than upon our
north German allies and hackers.
We have lost something like four
times as many men in prisoners
population for population, we
have had more deaths. The alb
sence of large towns and poorer
communications have made cen
trial control more difficult and
have inflicted upon us a strain
Of famine and disease worse than
in any belligerent country.
"We do not agree with our
German allies that mere tenacity,
indefinitely prolonged, will car
ny us through. But we do think
that if we harp on the idea of
returning to our old state Of at.
fairs, especially if we talk OF
giving larger local freedom to
the subject nations within our
boundaries, the exhausted ma
tions to the west of us will be
novel to accept our terms.
meanwhile, we are very much
afraid of what is going on in
Russia. To the German empire
and its rulers it may seem moth.
ing but a general breakup which
offers them splendid opportuni-
| ties of economic exploitation af,
ter the war. But the majority OF
our subject populations is Slav,
and Slav popular movements
have always been very catching.
We look upon the progress of
the Russian revolution with eX-
IRENE anxiety, not because we
fear resurrected Russian military
power, but because we fear the
spread Of anarchy among our
own Slav population.
Early peace is urgently nee
essary to the continuance Of our
state. "
Such / take to be the general
attitude at this moment of those
who survey from above or for
their own interests the empire Of
the Hapsburgs, which is not a
nation at ell, but a government.
Now, what about the western
nations7 The state that once
-. -.-Il.-a n-.-..- ~. nnr. nI.a..arn-
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-09

ate. It no longer exists. Three
western nations are the crux OF
the whole problem. Have they
been misunderstood by the Ger
man authorities, and even by the
AustriansY Is their internal or
ganization stronger than the en-
envy imagines7 Will it suffice to
maintain the struggle until the
enemy is defeated2 (WithOut
defeat and victory on one side or
the other there is no permanent
decision for Europe at all. Any
one who conceives of permanent
peace without it is living in a
world of illusions.
cannot make so bold as to
answer the question directly, but
I can, at any rate, state how the
problem looks to those who are
governing in the three countries.
Strain Heavy in
Great Britain.
To begin with Great Britain.
The mind that is governing Great
Britain IA most complicated or
ganism-fOr it is not only pOlit-
zeal, but social and aristocratic /;
not only this, but highly COM
mercial, and to that extent cos
mopoitan; not only this, but fl
nancial, for London is the clear
ing house of the WORLDLY, seems
to stand somewhat thus:
"The strain is far heavier than
we thought it would be even a
year ago. We are mainly an in
dustrial country, we are highly
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-09
The Attitude Of
the Central Powers.

First, let us consider the atti-
tude Of the central powers. The
government Of the German EN-
pire, under its modern Prussian
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-03-09
Morale of the Nations Thai
Are Fighting Germany Stirred
By Realization of Real Peril
fRv HLAIRE BELLoOl

War; dngulsne
military critic.
Association cThe New York Tbune
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-05-16
MRS. CHANDLER
Is PRESIDENT OF
MISSION GROUPS

Mrs. E. c. Chandler OF this city
elected president Of the Pembi-
ma Pre.bytsrial q the closing . 9
Aaon held yesterday morning at Lang
don. Mrs. Iangdon sueeeeds Mrs.
Hubbard Of Crookston, who presided
at the meetings held Tuesday and
yesterday morning. Mrs. Don Nc
Donald Of Grand Forks was elected
treasurer, and MrA. II. p. Rice. also
OF this city, was elected correspond
ing secretary. Other officers elected
were the following: First vice pres
ident. Mrs. J.. n. Porter, Calvin; Sec
ond vice president. Mrs. Alex Wilson,
Tyner; recording secretary, Mrs. Jas;
Woolner, LAngdon: chairman Of
mission study and extension work,
Mrs. C. H. C~ruttenden, lnkster' sec
rotary on literature, Mrs. George Nay
Tor Of Larimore; secretary of Guild
and Christian Endeavor work, Miss
Lucy Gordon. 1angdon; Freedmen's
secretary. Mrs. n. e. Close, LAngdon,
Miss Robert Barr Of Pittsburgh.
who gave an address In the Presbyte.
rian church here last Sunday, was
present at the meetings and gave two
addresses. The Pembina Prssbyterial
Presbyterian churches from Walsh
Pembina. Cavalier and Grand Fork,
counties, and there was an excellen,
representation from all these counties
Mrs. Chandler, Mrs. Mcdonald
| Mrs. Rice and Mrs. j. H. McNico,
were the delegates from this city.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-05-16
month erected and equipped several
tents to be used as temporary hos
pitals for the wounded coming

I - - nH L.-.
month erected and equipped several
pitfalls for the wounded coming
through from the front.
AT B.. in southern France. we open
ed a convalescent home for enlisted
men with Q. capacity Of $40 beds. 1t
contains a club room for the men.
which Is equipped with all kinds of
games and a moving picture machine.
At b.. on the coast. WI opened an
other hospital for the officers of/the
operated by the American Red Cross.
When We heard that a great many
refugees from the front were on their
way to Paris this department imme-
diately offered its service to the COM
missioner, and a large number of men
and women Of the department were
immediately detailed for service at
nights they looked after the welfare
of the refugees. providing food. beds
and hot drinks to thousands of them
until they left. Paris for southern
points.
We delivered during tho month, the
first lot Of trench bags for the wound
ed. These bags are for the wounded
when it Ia impossible to get them out
Of the trenches. and whore they may
have to email Tor hours without any
help or food. These bags contain the
following articles: Cocoa, coffee.
chocolate. safety pins. scissors, cleo
trio torch, chewing gum. cigarettes.
candles, matches, condensed milk and
insect POWDER. also feeding aprons
and a tommy cooker and Greedy hypo.
dermfc units.
The bags will be distributed one for
every twenty men.
Supply service now has.1 moving
picture machines in operation at base
hospitals, where we give al least five
performances a week at each hospi-
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-05-16

What could bel more attractive for
the weekend party or trip than the
new sleeveless pajamas? Warm
weather has brought about this
charming creation pictureds and its
lacey frills will appeal to every girl.
Fashioned Of firm iesh-color crepe
de chine with a low V-neck and no
sleeves these one-piece pajamas in
sure comfort for the hot summer
nights. Tiny pin tucks trim the
pockets and form a suggestion OF q
slender empire Eirdle. Fine French
val lace is also used as trimming for
the neck, armholes and frills at the
ankle. A final dainty touch is added
by the ciel blue satin ribbon which is
drawn under tho tucks and graceful
~ tied on the side.
Although many women consider
| silk undergarments a luxury and ar
extravaganza they really are not be.
cause they launder beautifully and
! wear eually as long as cotton lingerie
But IL one should decide against silk
underwear there Is no reason for do.
ing without the frills and lace also
Any woman may, with a little time
and care. make garments which are
! exact copies Of the high priced silk
she may be very. patriotic at the sans
time by using an American product
some cotton material.
Specially shops are showing ver1
attractive styles in envelope chemtses
camisoles, pajamas and gowns, de
veloped in flesh colored batiste, RIB
bon and lace trimmed. and often will
ciel blue stitching. The pajamas pic,
tured would be very effective in thi'
material.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-05-16
BABY HEALTH
CONFERENCE
ON SATURDAY

The third Of the baby. health con-
%ferences which are being held this
month will take place on Saturday
morning at st. Michael's parochial
school. The conference will begin at
10 o'clock and persons expecting to
attend are asked to note the change
of hour, tho other conferences hav-
ing begun at $3.50 o'clock.
The examinations on Saturday are
to be conducted by Drs. J. Grassick,
H. G. woutat, H. O'Keefe and H. W.
Whitcomb. They will be at the school
promptly at 10 o'clock. and the moth
ers having early appointments for
their children are asked to be- on
time. The conference will close at 1
O'Clock.
Local doctors and the public health
nurse consider the baby health con-
ferences this year among tho finest
they have seen. Large numbers of
children have been examined ut both
of the conferences that have already
been held. and the interest In baby
welfare is very evidently growing.
Doctors and nurses have liant their
Incorporation and very best efforts to
make the conferences successful, and
much credit is DUE them for theil
work.