New-York tribune., 1918-06-20
War Must Teach Nations
Lessons Of Mutual Re-
spect, He Declares
Analyses Needs for
League of Nations
Germany Must Be Taught
Folly of Force if World
Is Made Safe

terest will be evlnced IN pamphiel
on "The League of Nations" written
nv Viscount Grey of Fallodon, who was
Secretary of Foreign Affairs in the
Cabinet of Herbert II. Asouith at the
beginning of the European war.
There is more at stake in the war
than the existence OF individual states
or empires or the fate Of continent"
saws Viscount Grey. "The whole OF
modern civilization is at stake. and
whether it will perish and be sub
merged, as has happened to previous
civilizations of older times, or whether
il will live and progress, depends upon
war, and even those that are onlook-
ers. learn the lessons that the expert
ence of the war may teach them.
World Faces Greatest Trial
at must be with nations, as with
individuals in the great trials of life
they must become better or worse
they cannot stand still. They must
learn and profit by experience and rise
to greater heights, or else sink lower
and drop, eventually into the abyss.
And this war is the greatest trial of
which there Is any record in history
lessons that will so dominate the
thoughts and feeling of those who sur
vive it and those who succeed the sur
vvor as to make new things possible.
then the war will be the greatest
catastrophe, as we'll as the most griev-
Gus trial and suffering, of which the
world has any record
Viscount Grey lays down two prin-
cipal conditions which he says must
be fulfilled if the League of Nations
is to be effective. The first IS:
The idea must be adopted with
earnestness and conviction by the
come an essential part of their pras-
tical policy. one of their chief reasons
for being or continuing to be respon-
Slble for the policy of their states.
They must not adopt it only to render
such service to the persons whom ir
is convenient to please or ungracious
to displease. They must lead and not
follow; they must compel, if neces-
sary, and be compelled"
Germany Will Not Accept League
This condition, Viscount Grey thinks,
is actually fulfilled as regards the ex-
ecutive head of the United States. and
is or will be found present as regards
10 Entente governments, while Aus
sSak has publicly shown disposition
10 accept the proposal and probably
may really welcome it as a safeguard
Tor the future, not only against bold
enemies, but against Prussian domina-
tion:. AS long, however, as military rule
IN Germany continues, Germany will
oppose a league of nations. he says
Germany has to be convinced that
force does not pay, that the aims and
policy OF her military rulers infict in
toierable and also unnecessary suffer
ing upon her, and that when the world
Is free from the menace of these mill
rarv rulers, with their sharp swords,
shining armor and mailed fists, Ger
many will find peaceful development
assured, and preferable to expansion
by war, and will realize that the condi-
tion Of true security for one nation Is
absence Of security on the part of all
nations.
Till Germany feels this to be true
there can be no league of nations in
the sense intended by President Will
son. A league such as he desires must
include Germany and should include no
nation that is not thoroughly convinced
OF the advantage and necessity Of such
league, and is, therefore, not pre-
pared to make the efforts, and if need
ne the sacrificfes, necessary to main
tain it,
Rights for Small Nations
The second condition, says Viscount
Nrey. is that the governments and not
the peoples of states willing to found
II must understand clearly that it will
impose some limitations upon the ma
sional action of each and may entail
some inconvenient obligations. The
smaller and weaker nations will have
rights that must be respected and up
fe n oy the league. The stronger ma
tons must forego the right to make
their interests prevail against the
weaker by force, and all the states
must forego the right in any dispute
20 resort to force before other meth
ods OF settlement by conference, con-
cliiation, or if need be, by arbitration
nave been tried. This is the limitation.
To Enforce Obligations
The obligation" viscount Grey
says. lis that if any nation will not OBJ
serve this limitation upon its pational
actlon, II it breaks the agreement
which Is the basis of the league, re-
lects all peaceful methods of settle
ment and resorts to force, the other
nauons must, one and all, use their
-S""'U'Hed force against 1t. The eco
homic pressure would in itself be very
powerful, and the action of some of the
smaller states composing the league
could, perhaps, not go beyond economic
pressure; but those states that have
power must be ready to use ali the
..oFce, economic, military or naval, that
they possess.
" must be clearly understood that
accepted that detection from or viola
s.on OF the agreement by one or more
ssttases does not absolve all or any of
inc. sns others from the obligation to en-
''fcc the agreement"
Germans Must Have Lesson
siscount Grey urges that the pros
fIet OF a failure of the war ia intolera-
s'u, sr snd adds: "Peace can never be in
t.ea oy the domination of one coun-
h.s obtaining it's power and prosperity
.ne submission and disadvantage Of
n.' nn.aers' and the German idea of world
s.S r"sse obtained by the power of Ger
sa - miiitarism is impracticable, as well
unfair and abhorrent To other ma
Ii" ~ Is as intolerable and impossi-
SS N the world as despotism would be
ae a or In the United States
~ opposition TO this idea of Germany
as Allies should set forth, as Presi-
,Sas wilson has already set forth, the
" sa q . peace secured by mutual re-
ss e petween states for the rights Of
sn end determination to stamp out
ni.S attempt at waS as they would
nsskus that threatened the destruction
;d.a' al When those who accept this
80 snd this sort of peace can in word