davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28
Bv Theodore M. Knappen
DETROIT, April IT.

DETROIT, April 2z.
-vyoU could order ham ana eggs at
restaurant run by pork and
j uoultry farm you should get them
~;sarahly cheaper than now- Yon
N:.st not, but yon should. As It IS,
- ths tsms they get to you on the
s.+xuraut table they have gone through
- ~ FIVE hands and profit is taken
.sch stage-usuaIly one of those
-.asrn anditing profits, too, which f1s-
- m the wear and tear On the sun
- +errestrial depreciation scrap the
-,.r+ IN ten years, catch the o~erhead
tbs climax of its trajectory and
"a them all to you IN the shape OF
biga cost of living
Thonsands of thinkers have pro-
4..d hrornides by the million ON this
--,As.et. Henry Ford Is one OF them
~ \. has turned his bromide into
A,ur;d.. Il has been stated that the
s,,l urpft On Ford is, OF was,
rs5n That represents pretty much
an the profit there is in the whole ma
.h;ne because SO much of the machine
!. created in the one plant There
81 not many auxiliary profits to pro
ride for N the selling price
Foru IS always striving to unity Pro
duetinn. Il five concerns are engaged
IN contributing to the production of
sinrle article IN successive stages aad
each takes 10 per cent profit, the
sfta and final profit is based on four
other profits, Of which three are also
pyzmided profits
HNo turns over $500 product to
No. . there Is SO Of profit. If it rep
resents $50 when it goes to No. 3
there is SIS more Of profit. Priced at
500 to Nc. 4 another profit of $50 is
added. Passed on to No. 5 at $3.50,
there comes an additional profit of S25,
and when No. 5 delivers it to the con-
sumer at $500 he adds profit of $50.
Thus, out of the total selling price of
$500, the consumer puts up 500 for
profits, though each step in the process
represents only an added 10 per cent.
Besides, each step represents an added
production cost that is made unneces-
sarily large by the separation of the
steps.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28
From Ore to
Automobiles


The completed plant will comprise
blast furnaces, foundries, coke ovens,
machine shops and erecting houses,
docks and ore and coar unloaders. 1t
will give employment to about eight
thousand men and will put the Ford
interests in g. position to convert ore
from their own mines into automobiles
and tractors. 1t will be one step fur
ther in the broad economic applica-
tior of the straight line of production
scheme which is excmplifed physically
in all of their plaOs.'
1t is a wonderful plant, but insig-
niticant compared with the wonder that
it and all the other Ford achievements
are. separated by only sixteen years
from 5000 a month-and even sixteen
years ago cornergrocery commenta-
tors were bewailing the passing of the
age of opportunity!
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28
The ord Idea
Blends These Steps

The Ford idea is to blend these sue
cessive steps into a continuous proc
cess.
The latest step toward the realiza-
ton Of this objective is the $4,000, 900
iron plant the Fords are rushing to
completion on the Rouge River, eight
miles from Detroit. 1t is not only to
eliminate the pig iron middleman by
producing his own iron from ore that
Mr.. Ford has in mind, but the further
step Of turning ore into castings by a
continuous process. He seeks to elm
mate pig iron as well as the maker
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28
Ford ares to War
Manufacturers Idea Is to Blend the Steps in
Making War Machinery, Cutting All Auxiliary
Profits From the Cost Price

OF pig IRON Heretofore, even Il the
blast furnace and the foundry were
in the same plant, the orc was first
turned into pigs" which had to be
melted down when it canae to making
castings Tho purpose Of tho new
plant Is to avoid this second melting,
It is an undertaking that Is simple to
state, but metallurgically and mechan-
ica1ly difficult to realize It also has
it's legal difficulties, rs minority stock
holders want that $4,000, 900 In profits
now instead Of having 1t diverted to
capital account
Iron is worth real money these days
and hard to get besides, so the work
Of completing the new plant Is driven
at a furious pace Even tho severity
of Michigan winter was not per
mitted to interfere with the concrete
construction, which Is large part of
the undertaking. The orc and coal
storage bins alone consist in part of
a concrete platform 5000 feet long.
500 feet wide, and 80 inches thick,
and the overhead travelling cranes that
are to handle the ore and coal rest
on four longitudinal rows Of concrete
pillars, eleven to forty-fye feet high
and eight By twelve feet at the bot
tom. It requires 100000 cubic yards
Of concrete for this construction, and
to prepare for it is was necessary to
excavate 100000 yards Of earth and
drive 100000 piles for the foundation
The achieving of this prodigious task
with the temperature sometimes as
much as twenty degrees below zero
was nothing less than triumph of
engineering skill.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28
Caterpillar Squads Are
BUSY in Berlin Parks

AMSTERDAM, March 20 (by maiD.-
There are indications, says a Saxony
paper, that 1918 will be, like its pred
ecessor, a caterpillar year." Strict
injunctions have been given to orchard
owners to search for and destroy cat
erpillars nests.
In all the Berlin parks special "cat-
erpillar squads" are already busy.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28

For mosa Fibre RUGS
the best Summer floor covering
for porch, bungalow and
country use.
These Rugs are all handmade.
of extra heavy fibre, capable of
withstanding the hardest wear.
while giving am impression of
GOODNESS that is decidedly re-
fresaning.
Many attractive designs and
color effects are shown. ALI
originated by and exclusive to
b. Altman 6 Go.
9ESftG1 EnOorl
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28

~ " - ~ ~ UH SEuUM uVSUGu "
is manufactured especially for
the men and women who realize
the Importance of fime=qua1itv
foot=coverings. 1T is sold inn
regular stock at the moderate
prices quoteds
Mems Betalph Silk Hosiery
nm black, white and the 1eadimq
eolofs per pair $500
Womnen's Betalph Silk Hosiery
I'm black, per pair $3.50 & 300
I'm white and the fashionable
colors (including boot shades)
per pair S2zs
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28

Exquisite PettlCOatS
FROM PARIS
are NOW ON view i'm the Depart
raen1t ON the Second Floor inn a
remarkably choice selection.
Composed of the daintiest silk
crepes, inn several instances
combined with cobwebby laces,
these Petticoats are the ulti=
mate word i'm elegance and chic.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-28
lit is a Patriotic DmtV

to eliminate waste=to spend ONES money wisely
and with intent to retain that which is bought
B. Altman & Go. request that merchandise for
Credit or Exchange be Returned Within Seven Days.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10

that stretches away from the curously
prophylatic and cleanly-faced Union St
ton to the Capitol and the golden dome of
the Congressional Library may have their
interest intrigued by row of plain stucco
houses facing the rear of the Capitol, on
Lanier Place and First Street. n. +. 1t
is here that Monroe was inaugurated when
the enemy of few years before had fired
Washington. Only distinguished but
rusty iron picket fence and bronze tablet
remain to carry the story of former
glory.
Congress convened in the building in
1915, and Monroe was inaugurated there
two years later. Later it became board
ing house for congressman who must
have found it handy to the scene of their
daily stint of lawmaking Then John c.
Calhoun made it his home and died there
March 81. 1850. That was the last of its
glory. In the Civil War it became a
prison for political prisoners, and its
name, "The Old Capitol Prison." still lin
gers. The wartime debate over internrc-
tatlons of American democracy of to-day
echoes the COS, when disapproval of the
Emancipation Proclamation and opposi-
ton to the war policy of the North brought
imprisonment.
The Old Capitol Prison still wears some
Of the marks Civil War put on it. 1t stands
high upon an embankment, but the street
level gives entry through trap doors that
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10

The food supply cannot with safety TO the
cause be diminished, and if they are
called upon to serve their country in the
capacity Of soldiers there must ncces.
sarily be some programme which will sup
ply their places upon the farm; otherwise
the productive capacity of the countr?
will be diminished to such an extent as t.
be destructive.
Mr.. STONE-~Wha the Senator SAYS
Of course, is important and il is accurate
n the effect stated upon the food supply
OF the country and of the world. AS
understand tic Senator, he said, in SUB
stance. that y farmer ought not to be
drafted and taken away for the military
service unless some programme could be
devised to have him replaced By some
other workman. That is very interesting
if it can be done. but has the Senator il
mind OF has he worked it out sufficient;
to make suggestion as to how that coulc
be done? confess it is confusing TO nc
approve the thing If it is possible O,
practicable, but do not sec how it is.
My. BOHAH-I base my belief upot
the proposition that it may be done ,tpoY
facts and iigurcs which have been pre-
sented THROUGH the press from the I.abo,
Department that there is net Il shortae,
OF lahor IL TIE country a Il whole >tha
if it IS l,nown where ihc labor is shoy
and vherc there i demand for i. !;
may be had.
The draft law only covers men of a Ger
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
sons Responsible for Some of Last Weeks New

propaganda. He has learned through
personal investigation how German prop
aganda has been and is being "put over
N Europe, and he issues warning
against the similar insidious methods that
are being employed in this country. His
campaign &C the present moment is TAX
ing the form OF speechmaking.
Some o. his most interesting present dis
closures relate to German efforts in Spain.
In . speech delivered in New York last
week he declared:
"Whercver these is water right for sale
in Spain to-day 4 German is the first one to
bid for it, With factory sites it is the same.
If YOU could lift the roofs from many ware
houses in Spain to-day you'd find them tull
OF resources which the Kaiser has mobilzcd.
The Huns have secret stores o. raw materials
wherever Il is possible to mobilize them. The
moment the war ends Germany IS going to be
merciless business concern, and will begin
a trade drive as efficient as her military OF
fensive III August, 1914. She wants Spain and
Switzerland and Holland, that after the
war she can stamp her goods made in these
countries. And she will get away with it,
Mr.. Marcosson, whose writing has
brought him to the attention o. very
wide public, began to write before he was
out of his teens. Born in Louisville, KY.
in 1877, and educated there in the public
schools, at seventeen he was a full-fedged
reporter on the staff Of "The Louisville
Times" At twenty-one he was city editor
Two years later, offered by Walter H
Page, then editor of "World's Work,
the position of associate editor of that
magazine, MI. Marcosson came to New
York. His succeeding magazine connec'
tions were with "The Saturday Evening
Post" as financial editor, and with
"Munsey's Magazine" as associate editor
In 1913 he resigned from Munsey's anc
went abroad for six months. With the out
break of the war came his biggest oppor
tunity First for "Collier's Weekly" thc1
for "The Saturday Evening POST ant
later for "Everybody's Magazine" he mad'
successive tri ps abroad.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10

plus Of agricultural labor in Michigan.
That is very far from the fact
Nr. BORAlI-N Mr.. President, read in
Inc news reports a few days ago that the
Labor Department was Of the opinion
that there was really no shortage Of labor,
but that thc difficulty arose out of the in
ability TO fairly Distribute the labor in the
different parts Of the country according
TO the needs or demands of particular
sectors. i trust }hat that is truc, 1ir.
President. and one Of the reasons for
calling attention TO this situation is that
those who have in charge the question of
moblizin@ the labor Of the country and
distributing it according 10 the demand
may understand that. whatever the re-
ports to the contrary may be, there is an
actual shortage Of labor upon the farms
throughout the entire Middle West and
Far West, and that there ought to be
an assurance 10 those communities that
labor viii be forthcoming 10 take the
place of any man who may be taken from
the farm hereafter to serve in the army
The farmer needs labor and he needs tc
know definitely that he is going to have l..
Those Of us who represent farming com
munities-- agricultural communities par
ticularly-make no plea in this chambe.
or elsewhere for exemption Of our mcl
from the service which they may be called
upon TO render along with their fellow
countrymen, wherever it may take them
but we realize, as every one realizes, tha
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10

Unofficial A A ver Possible
to IN World
hort IN the Age OF Senators

the unenvable position Secre-
tary Daniels used to occupy when his navy
was called a convenient peg for political
attack that had no better and more justi-
fable spot to light upon. The War De-
partmcnt, in this whispering circle, is; not
only criticised for its lack of effectiveness,
but its motives are impugncd. Sensa-
tionalism is dangerous enough at a time
when the greatest peril would be disunity,
TO stop sensations from publicly voicing
themselves, but the sensationalist does not
hesitate, in the unofficial manner, at least.
Certainly all shades Of belief are here and
sliced crosswise at the present moment,
Washington might give an Illuminating
view of the divisions that make up a great
cosmopolitan nation and are here repre-
scnted in concentrated form
Since General March, now chief of staff
returned from France and made his com
plaint against the censorship on news
there is evident a growing feeling against
the censorship. At the very least, it is an
inclination to question the advisability of
il. where it hurts the morale at home and
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10

Sunday at the Cathedral Of st. John the
Divine and Trinity Church, and at midday
services during the week at Trinity. The
Archbishop is in this country on the invl-
tation of the Episcopal Church as the
guest of it's war commission.
He was born in 1864, and was educated
at Glasgow University and Balliol College.
Oxford. For six years, from 1888 to 1889.
he was student of the Inner Temple at
London, and the following year became
Curate Of Leeds. In 1898 he was made
Fellow and Dean of Divinity at Magdalen
College, Oxford, where he stayed three
years, and during almost all of that period
was vicar of St. Mary's, Oxford (the uni
versity church) Thereafter for seven
years he was vicar of Portsea, and during
the succeeding seven bishop Of Stepney,
and at the same time canon Of ST. Pauls.
He became Archbishop of York in 1908.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10

more fervent than those uttered las. -.
when he called upon Morris Hilou;, = ~
ether American Bolsheviki" TO w;t.a.
from the leadership in Jewisa Ife =
least for the period Of the war. y
DR.. Wise was born in Budapest IL.
gary. in 1872. His father. the Rer n
Aaron Wise, was for long time rsbh; :
the Temple Rodoph Sholom in this .;,''
where the son was educated. He at,on,.,
the College Of the City Of New York ~.
then Columbia University. from which J..
was graduated. After studying theolo.
at the Jewish Theological Seminar, ;.
America he became assistant rabbi Of *
Madison Avenue Synagogue, in 1899 u,
was made rabbi the next wear and :.
tanned the pulpit until 1900. when he woa
to Oregon. In 1907 Dr. Wise returned :.
New York and organized his Free sv,.
gcgue, which at first met in church :.
West Eighty-hrst Street and later !,
Carnegie Hall.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10

tain age, and there are plenty Of men be-
you'd that age III the country who are not
earning Il dollar CT doing anything. These
are times, Mr. President, when a man
ought not to be permitted to cat unless
he performs whatever service he can per
form to the community.
Mr.. STONE-It has been proposed. as
the Senator knows and all of US know,
and widely discussed that some pro-
gramme or policy should be entered upon
to draft Workmcn, laborcrs as WeN as
soldiers. That is compulsory labor or
the farms or in the shops or shinbuilding
establishments, CT whatever the place NAV
be. Nov, Il we are prepared to enter
upon that programme ana can constitu-
tionally maintain it it may be the solu.
ton. What does tic Senator think Of
that?
Mr. BQNAII-~Air. President, do ,fot
thank the time has arrived when The con-
scription OF labor is necessary. However,
so Tar as | am convinced have no hcsi
fancy III saying THAI the time NAV come
Wien the idle in this war will have to
Necd ms coun!ry's commands and help to
iced )he soldier WHO has offered his life
10y ms country. Ii the situation eve,
comes when that is necessary, think we
VIII be able to enforce il in this country.
but [ Go rot think it is necessary vet to
40 'hat. As said moment ago. the
l&9or Department has stated that II has
tAo Data, the information and the means
by winch to supply this labor if it can be
known where it is needed.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10

respect to Canada, has pretty nearly al
WAYS originated in the United States. |
include this more comprehensive analysis
by a Brton of tendencies in a review or
Washington opinion and events because 1t
seems an indication. however light, of a
new wind blowing out of the battle across
the sea.
The theory, as it is advanced, views with
some concern the fact that Great Britain
has at the present time an Anglo Saxon
population of only 55,000.000 outside of
the British Isles. 1t is. accepted that this
is striking testimony to the governing
abilities Of the Anglo-SaXon. But there
are two other factors which the analyst
foresees must change the situation SO COM
pletey as to force the development of a
new policy on the part of Anglo-Saxon
peoples One of these is the fact tkat so
much Of the rich land Of the world, out
side OF South America. Russia and parts
of China, is in the hands Of Anglo-Saxons.
The other influence on his policy is the
war. which will deplete the English-speak-
ing peoples and at the same time stimu-
late the land-hungry peoples Of the earth
to push past thei, boundaries, TO spread
out and seek more comfortable quarters.
Once past this prelude, this fixing of
conditions on which his theory is based,
the commentator declares that tremen-
dous responsibility thus devolves upon the
Anglo-Saxon civilization Of to-day to hold
these lands. wherein the race ideal has
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
The Man Who Says Man s
Relationship to the Ape
Is "Collateral"

\ GAlN-or perhaps still-the anthro-
biologists are discussing tee theory of
creation. The opinion has been advanced
tnat apes are our grandchildren instead of
our grandfathers, but this has been re-
Jected by Professor Franz Boas, of Co.
lumbia University, who while inclining
toward Darwin's view as expressed in
"The Origin of Speces,' asserts that
mans relationship to an ape is collateral
rather than lineal. Man and the apes both
sprang from the same wild animal, he
contends, and while the ape has deterio-
rated, man has-no, he does not say i'm
proved-man has been domesticated.
Dr.. Boas, who is head of the anthro-
biological department at Columbia Univer-
sity, was born in Westphal.a, Germany
was educated at the universities OF Heidel-
berg, Bonn and Kiel, and soon after his
graduation from Kiel came to New York
In 1888 and 1884 he explored Baffin Land
and soon after his return to civilization
became assistant in the Royal Ethnograph-
ical Museum and decent of geography in
the University of Berlin In 1886 he came
to America and began conducting investi-
cations on the Pacific Coast of the entire
continent-investigat which he con-
tinucd off and on from then until 1915.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
By Ralph Block
Washington, March :

~ uSUtNJLON 4HUTC't
CPRING returns shy glimpses of the
old Washington. the quaint and
somewhat musty capital, the shrine
of the politician. Washington is south
when it comes to a matter of temperature,
and the soft atmosphere of early March,
the mild air and mellow sunlight, drive off
momentarily much of the garish activity
and the confusion that war has brought
to the city. The spring light touches the
old roofs with new magic, and Washing
ton becomes once more the home>of Web
ster, Of Madison and Monroe, the Wash
ington that survived 1912 and the Wash
ington Of Lincoln's day.
Strangely, the stern business of war has
influenced visitors to the city only to stim-
ulate their interest. The widespread word
that sleeping accommodations are 80
scarce as to put barber chairs and hospital
beds at a premium for purposes of noe
turnal rest has had little effect in de-
creasing the influx. The sightseeing cars
are full every day, and it is possible that
a good many cold weather vacationsts
have been attracted even by the possibility
chine working at top speed.
The casual points of interest, the Monu-
ment, the Capitol, with Congress sweating
at the job of lawmaking, are stimulating
only with the degree Of imagination owned
by the observer Back Of these obvious
attractions arc many clements Of interest
that put into shadowy perspective the
trated at the city on the Potomac. George
town, older than Washington and named
after George III, is rich source Of aged
impressions. Here are houses Of Colonial
flavor. with fine old hand wrought iron
ratings and dormers OF the kind that
house poets in Greenwich Village IN
deed, Georgetown would make an ideal
colony for artists, with a tradition of
culture based upon the fact that most of
the literary output Of the famous Mrs. F.
d. T.. y. Southworth found its impulse in
the quiet Of this ancient village The cit,
built about the White House might com
pete with the fact that Owen Meredith
wrote most Of "Lucile" in house facino
on Lafayette Park. The square in front
Of the Executive Mansion is rich witt
historic interest. Webster lived there. SC
did Dolly Madison for time Decatur's
housethc one in which he died..
marked with a tablet 1t is a fine ole
place marked by that graceful recttud,
and austerity that later builders have no
seemed to be able to find and hold. Their,
Is story that Decatur, desiring to com
municatc often with the President a blocl
away, had a window cut particularly fol
the purpose Of signalling. It is an llu
minating story of the times, regardless
Of its truth Imagine Mr. Wilson at on
Of the White House windows, with binocu
lars at his eyes trainad to catch the cod
message being wig -wagged by Admira
Benson from one Of the mansions roun
about.
IN that day the White House was ne'
building, with q white coat Of paint (
supply It with name and 70 dstinguis
IL from the mansion of the Duke Of Lcjn
ster in Dublin that informed the architcc
With his motif. Visitors who have TN
curiosity u walk out into the long visit
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10

Missouri is examining il.
Mr.. President, I called attention a few
days ago to the situation in the country
with reference to farm labor, and par
ticularly as to the effect which the next
draft would have upon the farm labor con-
ditions After those remarks were made
in The Senate I received a letter from
General Crowdcr discussing the matter,
this morning in regard TO It. | think it is
not perhaps receiving sufficient attention
by reason Of the absence of knowledge Of
the facts as they actually exist.
When | formerly discussed this subject,
| stated that if the next draft had the
same effect upon the depletion Of farm
leave the farm situation in Il very serious
condition. The statement which General
Crowder made was that there had been Il
comparatively small per cent Of farm
labor taken in the draft as compared with
other industries, and so forth. SO far as
the per cent Is concerned, that may be
true; but we must bear in mind Mr.. Pres
ident, that other industries have been
drawing from the farms for the past ten
years, and particularly FOR the last three
or four years until the supply Of farm
labor has been reduced to a minimum, and
the taking Of any portion Of that, unless
there was some other means to supply the