davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-07-21

vessel which sailed after war had been
declared.
Seven ships and twelve barks. Know
what bark is? Maybe you do, but
just to "show off" little and to tell
you, if by chance you do not know,
there arc several types Of vessels that
are square-rigged in whole or in part.
First there is ship, a vessel with
three masts, or occasionally four, car
rying it's sails on yards running across
the ship, on all the masts. Then there
is the bark, of three masts usually, but
on all except the sternmost mast and
rigged fore-and-aft on that one. Then
the barkentine - or barquentine-
square rugged on the foremast and fore
andaft on all others. Then the brig, a
twc-masted vessel, square-rigged on
both masts, and the brigantine, some-
times called maphrodite brig, Of
two masts, square-rigged on the fore
mast and fore-andaft on the other.
Brigs and brigantines have been al
Seven ships and twelve barks, four
years ago, and some of them have gone
and none have been built since. But
there have been two or three resurrec-
tions. AS before mentioned the fate
of many of our ships has been conver-
sion into barges by the removal of all
sails, rigging and masts, except the
lower masts. These have been allowed
to remain, partly because they were
as matter of course laundering big
sticks, with their feet heavily bedded
in the keelsons, and strongly fastened
at the decks, and therefore it was a
big job to remove them. They were
not in the way in the new use of
ship. Moreover, they might become of
use if hoisting apparatus were to be
rigged.
In two OF three cases the demand for
vessels of any sort has caused the
owners Of such barks to rerig them as
ships, and the work was all the more
easily done because the lower masts
were in place. The old ship E. B. SUIT
ton, built at Bath, Me-, in 1881, and of
late coal barge owned by the Scully
Towing Company, has been rerigged as
a ship, but without bowsprit, and
made a remarkably fast passage from
an Atlantic port to Southern Brazil.
The old ship Harvard, also coal barge
in recent wears. has been restored to
her normal condition by Boston ship
ping house, and the Foohng Suey
was reftted as a ship recently and re-
named the Galena. 1t is understood in
shipping circles that she had only q
short career in her reincarnaton.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-21

grown so fast that not even the normal
supply Of steamships in prc-war times
could meet it, and that normal supply
has been cut down by the operations Of
the German submarines, so that during
the last three years even the most de-
crepit old hooker, of any sort of rig,
has been able to earn a good income.
in New York Harbor, nor in any other,
on either the Atlantic or the Pacific
coast. You can see them any day along
the Brooklyn shore, and especially you
will find them anchored in the stream
or in the Lower Bay, awaiting their
turns at the docks or awaiting leave to
set sail. But they are not American
ships. Why? Because there are none,
or practically none.
At the outbreak of the war there
we're seven ships and twelve barks
flying the United States flag, nearly all
of them on the Pacific Coast. Some of
these have been lost; in fact, the first
American vessel to fall victim to the
German commerce raiders was the sail
ing ship William p. Frye, which was on
her way from a Northern Pacific port
to England with a cargo Of wheat She
was sunk in the Pacific, in the early
days of the war, and, by the way, she
was more nearly legitimate prey than
almost any other vessel sunk during
the war, as under international law
or international practice, for there is
no such thing really as international
law-she was carrying contraband to
an enemy of the country to which the
vessel which sank her belonged, al
though, having set sail before the war
broke out, in time of profound peace,
her status was not precisely that of a
New-York tribune., 1918-07-21
The Sailors Are
Mostly Scandinavians

But of square-rigged vessels, ships
and barks, there are many hundreds,
owned by Scandinavians and sailing
under the flags of Norway, Sweden,
Denmark and Finland; or rather, Rus
sia, but hailing from Finland. Most
of them are Norwegian, and nearly all
the ships seen in New York Harbor
recently have displayed the lag of Nor
way One day early in the present
month there we're thirty-two of them
in New York Harbor and bay, and there
are about 800 of them, sailing from At
lantic and Gulf ports to Brazil and the
Argentine, South Africa, the west coast
of South America and Australia.
They do not go into North Atlantic
waters, because of the danger of sub
marines, and, in fact, they are forbid
den to do so, by virtue of agreements
entered into six months or more ago.
They carry heavy freights, for which
the need is not as pressing as it is for
some others, and they are making good
returns to their owners. For the car
rying of lumber they are of better
service than steamers, because the
holds will take in longer sticks, and
will permit more compact slowing. A
New-York tribune., 1918-07-21
Vessel Not American
Ship of Boyhood
Romance, Which
Has Gone rom
the High Seas For
ever
By Charles P. Tower

~ 7HEN you were a boy did you
~ ever think Of running away to
W sea: Maybe you did if you
are now we'll on to seventy years of
age. Probably you did not if you
are much younger. And if you did
not 1t was probably because the
romance Of the sea had in a measure
disappeared along with the square
rigged sailing vessel. While the sea
possesses a fascination for some men
and boys, regardless of the type Of
vessel by means of which one travels
on it, there is comparatively little of
romance attaching to steam driven
craft, and not much more to a schooner
or fore -and-aft rigged vessel.
If Richard Fl. Dana had lived in the
time of his grandson that classic of
the sea, 1.-TWO Years Before the Mast"
would never have been written; partly
because conditions were so vastly diff
ierent that Richard would not have
gone to sea before the mast, and partly
because if he had spent two years or
salt water in any fashion he would
have had no such story to tell. No,
neither the steamship nor the fore-and-
after has exercised such fascination
over young America as did the square
rugged vessel. And incidentally that
accounts, for the fact that nine men
Of one family and name, born in Nova
Scotia, Of Nova Scotian or English
parents, are captains of American
steam vessels; that every chief engi-
neer in the service of the Eastern
Steamship Company is a Nova Scotian,
and that half the captains of Ameri-
can vessels are Nova Scotians or
Scandinavians.
There was time before the Civil
War when American square-rigged ves-
sells dominated the commerce of the
world; when American and British
ships loaded with tea raced from the
New-York tribune., 1918-07-21
The Conflict of
Steam and Sail

The senior captain, in rank if not in
age, in the setvice of one Of the most
important shipping companies in the
country, naturalized Nova Scotian,
was brought up in steam" His father.
also naturalized Nova Scotian, fol-
lowed the sea until he was nearly
seventy years old and was never ain
steam," and the two fight like the mis-
chief whenever the younger captain is
ashore over the respective merits of
sail and steam. "Any fool" says the
veteran, "can shovel coal into a fur
mace and heat water to evaporation and
send the steam into an engine and
make q screw 60 around and so push
vessel along, but it takes mighty
good man to set sails so as to take the
best advantage of any wind, light or
heavy and coming from any direction,
and get along toward home" And the
old man has the best of it when the
discussion comes TO an end.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-21

Scandinavian Sailors,
Now Only Ones ON
Board, Earn Con-
tempt of the Men
drought Up in
Steam"

very important service they arc rer.
forming is the freighting of wheat
from Australia to Atlantic ports, for
reshipment to Europe; a service that
there are no steamships to perform.
These ships make the voyage in the
old way, around the Cape, and until
the arrival Of the German submarines
OF the Atlantic coast a month or so
ago they have travelled in safety.
The sailing ships of the Scandinavian
countries and Finland have never been
IN danger Of the fate that befell those
of America, presumably because of the
lower cost Of materials and lower
wages in the shipyards and the lower
wages for seamen. Even England,
foremost Of all countries in buildine
steamships, has built many sailing yes
seis in recent years, and as late as
year or two before the war had some
thing like a million and half Of
gross tons of such craft. There was
plenty of employment for these sailing
vessels of England and Northern
Europe in the carrying of heavy
freights, and they voyaged from Can
ada, England, Scandinavia and Russia
to South Africa, Australia, India and
both sides of South America, carrying
one way or the other lumber and
grain, pulp wood and wood pulp, tea,
hides, nitrates and all sorts of mer-
chandise, quick delivery of which was
not imperative. Most of the English
ships were sold to Norway soon after
the outbreak of the war, ard then, as
the restrictions of war became more
and more rigid and the waters of the
northern seas became unsafe, these
ships sought employment in American
ports, and got it in plenty.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-21

ports of China to Liverpool, New York
or Boston-yes, raced, as determinedly
as ever cup defender raced a chal-
lenger in contest for the Americas
cup, and won their full share of times.
But American ships were driven from
the sea in a degree during the war,
and in the days Immediately follow
steamship and the steel vessel, and
our sailing ships gradually disap-
peared. We could not pay the prices
for American materials nor pay the
wages of American workmen and COM
pete with the cheaper materials and
wages Of England in the building of
ships, nor could we pay the wages of
American sailors and carry cargo at
the low rates prevailing in England.
And SO the American square-rigged
vessels went out of service. Some were
broken up and some were converted into
barges, and in their old age carried
coal at the end of towing hawser.
England got our carrying trade, and
1OI our CUdSLWlSC service we DullC
schooners for such service as did not
require the speed of steamships In
recent years if one saw square -rigger
along South Street or along the Brook
lyn waterfront or at a dock on the
Jersey side Of the harbor one stopped
to look her over as a reminder Of an
age long past.
They Are Not
American Ships
But the war has brought about many
unexpected changes in conditions, ard
one of these is the return Of the square
eed Of 'cross-ocean transportation has
New-York tribune., 1918-07-21
Finnish Ships
A Government Dilemma

Owners and shippers Of Finnish ves-
sells have not had very comfortable !
time of it lately, as our government
views them with more or less suspicion.
What is Finland, anyway? She is no
longer part of Russia. She thinks
she is a nation all by herself, but she
is in some degree dominated by Ger
many. Just what she is may not be
OF pressing importance to Us as an abb
stract proposition, but the exact status
Of Finnish vessel in our harbor, and
seeking permission to depart, is bust
ness in which the United States gov
ernment is very much interested, so
much so that there are now-or at least
were OH June 15-twelve Finnish ships
in New York Harbor and one in Bos-
ton, all controlled by one shipping
house, waiting for the American gov
ernment to decide what is best to do
about them.
Thirty four Norwegian ships in New
York Harbor at one time and half
score and more of FINNISH; and it is
the belief of the veteran head Of one
Of the Oldest shipping houses in the
city that there is just one square,
rigged sailing ship, flying the Ameri-
can flag, sailing out of New York--the
Edward Sewell, a four-master, now
owned by the Standard Oil Company, a
stray ship in one or two other Atlantic
Pacific Coast. And so, while we in
America see what appears to be the
reincarnation Of the square -rigger, it
is merely the revival in our waters by
foreigners Of service tnat has sur
vived in their own-a revival with their
own ships, their own shippers and their
own crews.
We can't build sailing ships because
every plant and every man is busy
building steamships for government &C
count. Even if we could, it would be
difficult to man them, for you can't ip-
tensively train a man to be skipper Of
g sailing ship, and the oldtime skipper,
has passed away. The training camps
and nautical schools are doing splendid
work in qualifying our young men to
be junior officers on the new steam
ships and in coaching our present
junior officers to be captains, but it
would not be possible for them to train
shippers for square-riggers. And so
our young men, in whom a lively in
terest in the sea has been awakened so
abruptly that it is startling, must 60
to sea ain steam," and can have little
or no part in the reincarnation or re-
vival of the sailing ship.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-21
The Schooner
And Ofshole Work

That is about all that has been done
in the way Of rccreating a fleet of
square-riggers. We have built some
schooners, to be sure, most of them
with auxiliary power, either steam or
internal combustion engines, and these
have been put into the coastwise trade.
There never has been much use of
schooners in offshore work, for they
are not suited to it. For one thing,
the sail area of ship, aside from the
jibs, is divided into about fifteen units,
while that of three -masted schooner
of the same size, carrying probably
something less of canvas, will have
only about six principal sails. She
will require only a third, perhaps, as
many in the crew, but no matter what
her crew may be she will not be
capable of the nice adjustments of sail
that are necessary in deep sea sailing.
Men who are accustomed to square
rugged vessels do not like schooners.
While the schooner is by no means an
American invention, it is an American
institution. One does not often see
them abroad, excepting in the Pacific
Ocean. There are lot of them in the
inter-island trade in the South Pacific,
but hardly anywhere else in foreign
waters.
Imperial Valley press., 1918-06-24
.OOUBT HAT BODY
is YOUNC'S, S, WILL.
BE EXHOMED SOON
-w.S.S.--

Now Believed That AL Young Is Alive
and Has Left the City After Gath
ering All His Funds-Relatives Say
He was 50 Years Old-Dead Man
thought to Be 33.
The body found in the West Side
Main recently will be exhumed by Cor
oner Peterson within a day or two,
to satisfy growing doubt that it is
that of Al Young, former Coyote Wells
storekeeper.
The chief means of identification
will be the teeth, as the body is so
badly decomposed that the hair, bones
and teeth are the only recognizable
parts not affected by decomposition.
The Valley dentists will be canvassed
tc see who put the crowns in the dead
mans lower jaw. t.
1t is now believed that Al Young
Is alive.
Evidence that he gathered together
al the funds he could, including a
large sum borrowed, for departure
to another state without notice to his
f ends, was gathered today.
Before Young left he packed all his
belongings into five suitcases, even
borrowing" one from friend who
lived with him. He is supposed to
have taken a stage to INLAND, and
from that point left for the East.
Young's soft dring stand was and
is a financial failure, his friends say
Young's alleged desire to 'get from
under" is said to have been established
by his creditors, of whom there are
said to be quite number.
Imperial Valley press., 1918-06-24
GERMANS ARE 10000 QUIT
SENDING MEN WORK IN HUN
TO ITALY, SAY CITY, DEMAND
ROMANS HERE MORE BREAD
---W.S.S.--
Fear of Collapse i'm Austria Moves
fierce Soldiers of Dual Empire--FOch
to Further Strengthen the Italians
in Expected Offensive.
-W.S. S.
(By Associated Press)


Washington, June 24.-Though
cheered by news that the Italians are
pursuing the defeated Austrian army
acros sthe Piave, Italian officials and
military observers here are pepated
to hear of the launching Of another
offensive movement supported by Ger
mans withdrawn from France, Tor the
purpose. Some officials have suggest
ed that the absence of any great en-
envy activity along the fronts IN
France and Flanders during the last
few days, might be accounted Tor by
a movement Of German reinforcements
toward Italy. With Austria facing
famine and revolt at home, it is be-
leved that Germany will undertake to
throw powerful forces to the rescue
to prevent the grave consequences to
her ally which are certain to follow a
real defeat the hands of the Allies.
Allied observers believe the unified
command under General Foch will hold
the successes and that Allied soldiers
may be on the way to further strength
en- the Italians.
Imperial Valley press., 1918-06-24

with irresistible impetus. The flood
Cd Piave contains thousands of enemy
torpses. Divisions which passed the
FIa,e were decimated by our artillery
and infantry. MOntellO was attacked
Ii three columns. The enemy lines
were broken and Celia, Della, Madonna
and Nervesa were reOccupied. From
Mazrada to Sard0na the Austrians at
fist resisted our attacks desperately,
hut finally were forced to retreat to
the left bank of the river. The battle
continues fiercely in the SardOna Sec
tor. FOrty-five thousand prisoners and
enormous booty were captured by the
Italians"
American airmen displayed great
bravery in the first encounters. lieu
tenant Young attacked by two Aus
TRAN chasers, was obliged to land on
the lover Piave.
Imperial Valley press., 1918-06-24
YUMA RELIEVED II
OVER SITUATION
--w.S.S.---

The U. S. r. S. engineer from Los
Angeles yesterday ordered the Impe-
rial Irrigation District to Immediate
ly remove the Weir dam in the Colo
RADIO river near Hanlon heading, and
within two hours thereafter the work
of dstruction was well unde way by
the use of dynamite explosions, says
the Yuma Sun.
The removal of this river obstruc-
tion is a matter of greaS relief to all
owners of land who are informed of
the degree of danger which this struc-
ture has always been. The Colorado
river in itself is a treacherous stream
and any artificial obstuctions to the
natural flow of the water should never
have been permitted and all irriga.
ton problems should have been solved
by other means. Whether the War
Department will ever permit the dam
to be again placed in very doubtful
and much depends on the alacrity with
which the Imperial Irrigation District
complies with the suggestions Of tho
government egarding the immediate
acceptance of the contract with tho
secretary of the Interior regarding
the proposed connection Of Imporial's
water system with Laguna dam. n a
Imperial Valley press., 1918-06-24
RECLAMATION DAM
ACROSS RIO CRANDE
NY - S.S.---
(By Associated Press)

Ell Paso, Texas, June 19.-Another
reclamation dam may be built across
the Rio Glande on both the American
and Mexican sides of the river. c. j.
Blanchard, statistian of the U. S. re-
clamation service, returned here re-
Gently from meeting of Mexican and
American ladn owners at McAllen.
The plan is to build concrete dam
across the Rio Grande above McAilen
Rio Grande over thousands of acres
and distribute the flood waters Of the
of land on the north and south banks
of the river. 1t will be necessary tC
obtain a treaty with Mexico before
the dam can be constructed.
Imperial Valley press., 1918-06-24
Maj. Roosevelt
Called Bravest
.CantignyF Fight

With the American Army in
France, June 24.--MajOr Theodore
Roosevelt, Jr., has been cited by
the general commanding troops
for his Conspicuous gallantry in
acton during the operations con-
nected with the capture and sub
seauent defense of Cantigny. The
citation says:
During the enemy raid he dis
played high qualities of courage
and leadership, going forward to
supervise pesOnally the action of
one of the companies of his bat
talon which has been attacked.
On the day of our attack on Can
tigny, although gassed in the
lungs and gassed in the eyes un-
til nearly blind, Major Roosevelt
refused to be removed, and re-
tained command of the battalion
under heavy bon b dment
throughout the engagement"
Imperial Valley press., 1918-06-24
BOOZE MUST CD
SAYS APPLEST|lL
TO LIQUOR LOVERS
Sheriff Issues Ultimatum to John
BarleycOrn-COunty Liquor Law
Which Goes Into Effect July l Will
Be Enforced to the Lettsr-Grape
Juice Is Popular.
-N.S.S.--

Booze must go in Imperial county.
Sheriff Charlie Applestill this morn
ing said it, And what the sheriff says
he will do is just as good as done.
The successful raids which he has
made on blind pigs and booze-carrying
trucks in the past two weeks will be
continued until every last blind pig
is run out of the county.
If city marshals in the various cit
les do not uphold the booze laws of
their respective communities, the sher-
iff will step in and do their work for
them.
On July l the new county liquor
odinance making misdemeanor the
transportation of liquor except fol
ones own use, and then only two bot
ties of beer and one bottle of wine OIL
whisky, and then one must show il
to the sheriff and get a permit tc
keep it.
This law will have to be observed
to the letter, the sheriff says.
Imperial Valley press., 1918-06-24
w So

Spokne, June 22.-The United States
Forest Service continued today to send
men to fight the forest fires in north
ern Idaho, which has been beyond con-
troll for several days.
Fifty men have been forwarded to
the Clearwater forest near Orofino,
and another party has been sent to
Selway forest near Koosia. The
Pritchard fire in the Coeur d'Alene
forest has been placed under control.
No new fires in the Doreillend district,
although four a still burning.
Imperial Valley press., 1918-06-24
81 DROWNED ON
LL|EOTRANSPORT
-W.S.S.--
(By Associated Press)

Washington, June 24.-The sinking
of an Allied Transport under Ameri-
can charter, June IS, 700 miles east
of the Delaware capese has been re-
ported to the Navy Department.
The transport had no troops aboard
and was westward bound. Reports in
dicate that the submarine was not
seen until after the torpedo struck
the ship. Unofficial reports are that
the vessel was the Dwinsk. Three
boats with about siXty-seven members
of the crew are missing. The crew
of 14S got away in seven boats, -four
of which have been landed. Those res
cued so far number 81.
Imperial Valley press., 1918-06-24
-W.S.S,-
Calls for More Food, Riots, Demon
stratiOns and Demands i'm Various
Austrian and German Cities Show
Crisis-Austrian Strikers Demand
Immediate Peace.
(Ry Associated PreSs)

London, June 24-Extensive strikes
broke out Thursday in Cologne and
Musselhem-o Rhine, owing to reduc-
ton of the bread ration, 10000 quit
ting work in munition factories, saws
a dispatch to the Daily Mail from The
Hague.
Dutch workmen returning to The
Hague report that the military and po-
lice interfered but failed to prevent
a street procession of more than 5000
strikers in Cologne. The strikers,
dense mass to an open place, where
the meeting was held. All the speak
ers, including the foremen and fore
women, declared:
"Unless we get more to eat we will
not work."
Strikers in various factories in Vien-
na Saturday formulated demand
that the Austrian government show
itself in favor of a general peace and
invite the governments 0f the enemy
countries to enter into peace nego-
tiatons, says a dispatch from The
Hague to the Times. Representatives
of the workers submitted their plea
to Baron Burian, Austrian foreign
minister.
Meatless weeks in Germany are a
possibility in the near future, accord
ng to DR.. August Miller, under sec
etary of food distribution, meeting a
teichstag food committee.
Imperial Valley press., 1918-06-24
BRITISH WORKERS
EMBARRASS GOV 7
-W.S.S.
(By Associated Press

London, June PA manifesto is
sued by eight labor members OF the
British government, according to some
morning papers here, is connected with
threats of a serious split in the La
Dor party, due, some say, to the ef-
forts of the pacifist group to embar-
rass the government prosecution of
the war
Imperial Valley press., 1918-06-24
AMERICANS GET
BETTER POSITION
-W.S.S.-
NV Associated Press)

Washington, June 24.-Further I'M
provement of the American positions
northwest of Chateau Thierry is not
ed in General Pershing's communiQue
received by the War Department Co
day.
Artillery activity in the repulse of
an enemy raid in the Vosges is also
noted. .44 -