davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
Coal Dealers
Believe Order
Will Be Beneficial

Coal dealers were generally inclined
to consider the closing order bene-
fetal one. That it would afford an
opportunity to them Of catching up
with the demands of the last few weeks
was their opinion. and particularly it
would permit fortifying theVselves
against future inroads which might he
made on their surplus if the weather
should again become unusually cold.
THOMAS FARRELL. of William
Farrell 4 Sons: 1T is going to help
the domestic supply very much. AS to
its farreaching effects, am not in a
position TO state. | think that at the
end Of the five day period there will
be no further danger of shortage. The
order surely Will bring relief to the
coal men, but am not in position
TO judge just what its effect on in
dustry will be"
NJ. F. BURNS, of Burns Brothers:
Il consider the enforced holiday a
fine thing. There is hardly a worker
IN New York who will not be benefited:
they have all been overworked. The
coal men, however. will take no holi
day, but will. instead, work overtime
10 relieve the shortage think it
would be criminal act to attempt TO
cvade the order"
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
Judges Advise Strict
Observance of Order

Of a number of Judges, both of spe-
cial Sessions and of the Supreme
Court, from whom comment was
sought, particularly all counselled strict
observance of the order and with one
or two exceptions deprecated unravor-
able comment
JUDGE JOSEPH T. MULQUEEN,
Genera! Sessions: "It is highly i'm
pertinent for any one to question an
act of the fuel administrator. We
would have a fine army, wouldn't we,
If the. boys in the trenches questioned
orders because they could not compre-
hend the reasons for them 2"
JUDGE THOMAS C. T. GRAIN, Cen
eral Sessions: "The government, am
certain, knows what it is about As
one OF the newspapers remarked edi-
torially to-day, it is better to call in
the surgeon than the undertaken"
JUDGE CHARLES c. MOTT, JR.,
General Sessions: "Criticism might
have been proper before this order
was passed. Now that it ,as been
ISSUED, any comment upon it has no
place in the mouth of any man.
JUSTICE CLARENCE EDW ARDS
Special Sessions: 81 don't think that
the judicial department should attempt
to Interfere with the administrative,
except as Is appointed by our form OF
government" j
JUSTICE JAMES ]. McINERNEY,
Special Sessions: "There must be gooo
reasons for the order which we know
nothing about. 1t seems 10 me that
any one who ventures an opinion on
something he knows nothing about is
a fool'
JUSTICE HENRY w. HERBERT.
Special Sessions: "A thinking man must
fes!lzc that drastic order of tins
KIND is not made without just cause
and, when he gets to that point. it Is
his duty to make his little sacrifice
without complaining"
JUSTICE THOMAS r. DONNErI.Y
Supreme Court: Il believe it a wise
measure and fully justified by exist
ing conditions. especially in this CITY,"
JUSTICE HENRY ID. HOTCHkISS
Snpremc Court: "Mr. Garfield seems
to have thrown up his hands and sur
rendered. A general stoppage of in
dustrles Is not a solution of the fuel
trouhie'
JUSTICE EDWARD c. WHITAKER.
Supreme Court: 81 presume that Mr.
GARFIELD knows his business better
lhah co. | assume that he is per
forming his duties with necessary
ability and foresight"
JUSTICE JOHN FORD. Supreme
Court: Il have no doubt that this
drastic order appeared to the authori-
YES alter due consideration as abso-
lutelv necessary to meet our critical
sltnatlon and the least harmful that
could be devised. This is a time Of
sacrifice and all should patrioticallv
comply with the regulations and cheer
fully bear the consequent hardships. :"
JUSTICE p. HENRY DUGRO. Su.
preme Court: Or. Garfield has doubt
.ess heard much advice with respect
hoped, now that public attention is
drawn with more particulsrity to the
precise course to be adopted. that SOM
susgestlon may reach him in time to
cnahle nun to modify the present order.
so that ultimately there may be no
needless injury"
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
Miners Fight Move
For Inquiry by u. S

INDIANAPOLIS, Jan. 1.-THE United
Mine Workers. convention to- day voted
down a resolution calling for Federal
investigation of complaints that mine
workers had remained idle when mines
were in operation.
Delegates read with great interest to-
day the announcement from Washlnc-
ton shutting down industries for five
days because of the coal shortage
Leaders said the men were fully alive
TO the situation and reiterated that
there was nothing the miners could do
So long as the railroads are unable to
handle the output.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
Federated Labor Unions to
Consider Order Tonight
AS 1t Affects Employees

The Central Federated Union will
consider the coal situation at it's reg
ular weekly meeting tonight. In ad-
vance of the meeting, and in the ab-
sence Of definite instructions from
Samuel Gompers and his associates in
the executive council of the American
Federation of Labor, local labor men
were agreed yesterday that the situa-
tion so far as labor is concerned "is
very much up in the air"
William Collins, in charge of the
fused yesterday to predict labor's ac-
tion beyond making the general state
mcnt that labor could be depended
upon to do the fair thing.
AS to the payment or non-pay-
ment of wages for the days industries
will be compelled to close by the terms
OF the order, it was agreed that this
must largely be a matter of settlement
between the various local unions and
the employers where men and women
are employed on a weekly basis. Where
plecework is the rule no one would
venture to say what action would be
taken.
The one factor that labor men
seemed to think favored the worker is
the scarcity of help in many lines and
The desire of employers to hold their
| organizations intact This, some
thought, would lead to arrangement in
many cases where at least part pay
would be allowed the workers.
Others were inclined to think that a
solution may lie in allowing the vari-
GUS trades TO work overtime on the
days that work is allowed. Inasmuch
as this in itself would tend to defeat
the purpose of the shutdown, i. G.. to
save coal. others We're inclined to doubt
that it would be allowed.
The opinions of some labor men
follow:
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
But They Will Maintain
Loyal Stand, Asserts
Federation Head
Doubts if Closing
Order Is Best
Believes 8-Hour Day Bet
ter Plan; Hopes Wages
Will Be Paid

WASHINGTON, Jan. II. - Samuel
Gompers, president of tho American
Federation of Labor, in a statement
tonight declared that the workers of
the nation will be the greatest sufferers
from the fuel restriction order but
that they will "maintain their loyal
stand despite their suffering and sacri-
fees which they NAV be called upon to
bear"
Mr.. Gompcrs expressed doubt that a
five-day suspension of industry was the
best way to meet the situation and
suggested that a wiser and more prac-
teal course" would have been to place
! all industries of the country upon an
cight-hour basis work day at least dur
/ ing the war
Mr.. Gompcrs said that everything
must be done to see that the workers
arc not made to suffer unnecessarily,
and he expressed the hope that the em-
ployers would heed Fuel Administrator
Garticld's appeal to comply with the
order without "shftiNg the burden to
labor"
Doubt If 1t Is Best Measure
"Thc shutting down of all industries
for five continuous days is only war
raated if based upon Immediate emer
gency. and ] have some doubt if five
said Mr. Gompers. ut certainly seems
q very radical measure to meet the
problems of transportation.
u am in receipt of a large number
of telegraphic protests from workers in
several parts of the country. declaring
that the effect of the orders will
throw them out of employment; that.
due to the high cost of living, they
have been unable to lay anything aside,
and that their suffering during this
period will be very great.
I'm addition to this, am strongly of
the opinion that to place the indus
tries of the country upon an eight-hour
basic workday. at least during the war
and as a war measure, would have been
a much wiser and more practical course
than the creation of legal holidays
which will mean holidays from Satur-
day afternoon until Tuesday morning.
Workers Greatest Sufferers
"The workers, the masses of the
people, will be the greatest sufferers
from this new order. Others have
been or will be able to hoard their
needs and supplies. Of course, the
working people Of America will main
! tain their loyal stand despite their
suffering and sacrifices which they
may be called upon to bear, and yet
everything must be done to see that
they are not made to suffer unneces-
sarily.
II have just received letter from
the executive secretary Of DR.. Garfield
the head of the United States Fuel Ad-
ministration, in which he says:
"'In connection with the order clos
ing down industry for five days and
subsequent Mondays, am issuing an
appeal to industrial concerns asking
them not to allow labor to suffer by
reason of the shutdown; that this is
war measure which l confidently cx-
pect industry will execute without
shifting the burden of labor
~ prayerfully hope that our cap
tains of industry and business men
Will show their patriotism by needing
DR.. Garfield's appeal. 1t would be
most unwise did they not heed it,
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
Untold Suffering Will Re-
suit, Is Report From
Many Cities
Big Factories Halted
Manufacturing Men, Though
Willing to Aid Nation,
Protest

Computation Of the men who will be
made idle by the Garfield closing order
Is a job for census takcr. An esti-
nation that will even approximate the
total cannot be attempted because of
the lccway given certain cmployments.
But these kilograms received last
night by The Tribune may serve to give
the reader an idea:
BOSTON. Jan. 17.--Nearly. 800 900
workers in New England will be af-
fected by the dras'.-, coal order Of Fuel
Administrator Garfield Of the vast
number of New England meE, women
and children who will suffer wage re-
ductions because of the shortened work
week, more than 100000 arc from Mas
sachusctts, according to the census Of
1910, the only available census of the
wage earncrs. Adding to it the average
increase in the five years preceding
1910, the number Of workers affected
would be as follows:
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
ST. LOUIS. MO.

Managers of representative large
manufacturing industries in the East
st. Louis industrial zone to-day said
that in their opinion the unusually
high "war wages" paid to factory work
ers IN the last year would enable the
men to stand the consequences Of the
government closing down order with
out serious financial distress.
The four large packing houses and
the stock yards Will not suffer anv in
terruptlon. The Swift, Morris, Armour
and East Side packing companies and
the stock yards employ more than 5000
II.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
INDIANAPOLIS

Regarding paying employees OF in.
dustrial concerns during the five days
which these viii be closed. as result
of DR.. Garfielo's order, Frank ~ Smith
SECRETARY Of the Indiana Manufactured
Association. said:
I'VE favor liberal policy and nlany
of our members whore possible will
pay their employees full wages during
the five days. We will however. cut
off the usual Saturday halfholiday'
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18


Germs are engaged in making war muni-
tions of all kinds. a general closedown
would affect close to 10000 employees.
WILMINGTON, Del, Jan. 17.-While
the Garfield order will affect 2l 900 en-
ploycs here, the loss is made less by
the fact that munitions works and
shipyards are to continue
The Du Pont Powder Company will,
however, suspend its commercial bust
ness.
ROCHESTER,, N. Y, Jan. IT,
plants engaged in producing materials
for war purposes here, every one Of
which is hard hit by the Garfield order
The Symington Corporations cannon
plant is far from completion and only
two or three guns have been turned
out to date. The Garfield order will
not suspend the work Of completing
the gun factory, however, but will pre-
vent all other labor.
MAYNARD. Mass, Jan. 40. C.
Drecheler. agent for the Asabet Mills
of the American Woolen Company,
where cloth and blankets for the army
are being made, stated:
"Thc new ruling of the fuel admin
stration closing down factories for
iive days is the only step to take. 1t
really can't get coal We arc hard up
here with only one weeks supply Of
coal. and with but poor prospects Of
getting more. The situation looks bad
The mills here employ more than
10000 persons.'
NEW HAVEN, Jan. 17.-Thc muni-
nnix LOT,
Garfield order as allowing them 10 keep
their plants going. Twenty-siX thou
sand men work in the munitions plants
here.
Forty other firms have accepted the
order as an inevitable toll of war and
will close on the days designated.
HARTFORD, Conn. Jan. 17.-In the
Colt Patent Firearms plant, which
volvers, $500 men will be laid off by
the Garfield order, with $500 in the
Pratt & Whitney unit of the Niles
Rement-Pond Syndicate and about 2,0dd
in the Hartford Electric Light Com
pany, which supplies power for nearly
all the big factories in Hartford
County.
BRIDGEPORT, Conn, Jan. H.
AAAVh'P PIiOu SiNiihCN Ny tHc W al IL
partment to selected munitions facto-
RES Of Bridgeport will permit $4,000
men to continue at their work. while
the other 10000 factory operatives Of
the city remain idle by the order Of
the fuel administration.
The Mayor of Bridgeport "the Essen
of America" wired President Wilson
this afternoon that many bridgeport
factories which had coal on hand we're
being compelled to stop making NUM-
ticns, and that it were better to stop
all passenger travel on the railroads
Il necessary to get the coal through.
BALTIMORE Jan. 17.--Howard Bruce.
president of the Bartlett Hayward
Company, the largest Of the muntion
plants here, which is now running
night and day on munitions, said the
fuel order would paralyze and disor-
ganizc the entire plant and cause tre-
mendous loss to the workmen and the
company.
This company employs 5000 men
The order shuts down in all over
5000 factories and throws out 100000
men and women. The clothing indus
try, one of Baltimore's largest indus
trial occupations, will be among the
principal sufferers.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
JACKSON. MISS.

The manufacturing industries Of
jackson takes Mr. Garfeld's coal saw
ing order good .naturedly and will do
their best to comply.
1t is understood that it will be
ignored here, especially as 10 Monday
holidays, as they can get along without
heat for some time; factories have been
accumulating wood, and IL is believed
will be able to run and save coal at
the same time
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
OMAHA.

1T looks like mistake to me-" said
former United States Senator J. n
Mlllard, president of the Omaha Ma
tional Bank.
81 am not familiar with conditions
lr the East to-day and may be wrong,
but / believe if they keep on they will
paralyze all the transportation and
business IN the country. However,
win do everything thew saw
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
TOPEKA. KAN.

The Garfield coal order is causing
genuine apprehension among large dis
tributors of farm machinery in Kansas.
Dealers have been unable to secure the
fulillment of orders for spring de-
livery and fear the order will occasion
further difficulty.
Emerson Clark, State Fuel Admins
traitor, however, told the Kansas De-
fence Council to-day, the order would
benefit the state by saving state coal
production from shipment to industrial
centres.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
DENVER.

James c. Berger, vice-president Ham
l1ton National Bank, said, referring to
the Garfield order:
10 the average Western man not
familiar with conditions in the East.
the action of DR.. Garfield came as a de-
cided shock. If conditions ere serious
enough to Justify the order suspendng
industries in the East for that period.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
OKLAHOMA CITY

The National Fuel Administration
probably was justified in suspending
industries in the East for five DAYS,
bocausc of conditions in the territories
affected, said P. A. Norris, State Fuel
Admlnlstrator for Oklahoma. But, he
said. only the most acute coal shortage
would lead him to take such steps in
Oklahoma
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
them on government contracts.

NEW HAVEN, Jan. 17.-Forty firms
here will close on account of the Gar
field order. They employ 1900 men.
The greatest factories here, at work on
munitions, will continue, their man
ayers declaring that the latest Gar
field order exempts them.
INDIANAPOLIS, Jan. II. - Thirty
thousand factory workers in In,
dianapolis, 10000 store employees and
a total of 305,000 people in the State
of Indiana will be idle for five days,
according to the estimates made by the
State Industrial Board as a result Of
the order Of the national Fuel Admins
traitor. The estimated loss in wages
in indianapolis will be $125,000 to
$150,OO0 daily.
Inquiry among many manufacturers
Of the city brought to light informa-
ton that some of them already were
near closing because Of lack of fuel.
PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 17.-Five hum
dred thousand persons will be made
idle, with wage loss of approximately
81 100000 day. by Fuel Administrators
Garfield's coal saving order.
The closing Of the Baldwin Locomo-
tive Works, with its 10000 workers, is
u notable example of the orders scve~
ity. There are several hundred fac
tories in Philadelphia in which the
number employed runs into the hun
dreds and some in which several thou
sands arc at work.
MILWAUKEE, Jan. 17.-The fuel or
der will affect 1000 factories in Wis
consn. According to George P. Ham
brecht, chairman of the State Indus
trial Commission, 100000 laborers and
handicraft men are employed, besides
10000 clerks and Office employees The
daily wages affected are 100000 or Il
total for thirteen days of $10,400,000.
In Milwaukee alone 2,545 industries
employ 5000 and $4,000 salaried per-
sons. Although Wisconsin is largely a
farming state and many of its indus
tries are those concerned with food
products, yet the above numbers include
only those affected by the fuel order.
DETROIT, Jan. 17.-Thc order of Ma
tonaI Fuel Administrator Garfield will
throw out Of employment temporarily
upward of 100000 workers in Detroit
and suburbs.
The Board Of Commerce statement
shows the workers classified as fol-
lows: Manufacturing employees, in
Guiding factory hands and Office help,
100000; average daily wages. $75O,00o;
wages for five days. S3,375,OOO; value
of daily output, $4,000, 900; output for
five days, S17,500,0oo; number of fac
tories, 2,700 The number Of employees
in other occupations in Wayne County
which ~will be hit by the national and
state cdict: Stores. 1881; hotels.
l,929; restaurants, 1909; saloons and
breweries, 6,94O.
The State Labor Department at Lam
sing to-day estimated that more than
S6.00O,000 in wages will be lost to fac
tory workers in Michigan through the
five days shutdown.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
sIIf.W Al kEE,

Several Of Nilwaukee's larger indus.
tries are prepared to pay or partly pay
their employees wages during their en-.
forced idleness. The Palm Olive Com.
pany. with a branch in Chicago and one
proposed in New YORK, has issued a
statement to the effect that it has vol
UNFAIRLY decided to pay its employees
full pay dUring the time of idleness.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18

Employers ard employees, alike, are
protesting against the Garfield order.
Some of the largest industrial plant
owners met at Chamber, to discuss
problem confronting them. General pro-
test from all quarters against the dras-
tic move made without warning, is
voiced.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
utterly Impossible"
To Pay Workers. Saw.
Pittsburgh Employer

The attitude of few lead,n.
ployers regarding continuing tbo .'
cries Of workers dsring the nsr;,s
idleness ordered by the Fuel Aou Ad,u;s o.
TRAITOR IS SHOWN in the following: ''s'
PITTSBURGH, PA.
Speaking as the representative =, oo-
industrial plants Of the PittsburvJbi ~ AZ "a
trict, A. T.. Humphrey, vice-Dres;dlals. lls.
and general manager OF the Westg;eehs
house Airbrake Company and nrcs;dng-
of the Employers Association Of Ipaasns p;..as
burgh, declared that it will be ,,t+oH, ,'s-
impossible for plants OF this distr;s.l
pay the wages of their employees drr;.@ 70
the layoT Of five days ordered bv Eng
Administrator Garfield. us
CHICAGO
Chicago workers generally vii, :
hard hit by the Garfield fuel tie.ns
However, several big Chicago s,In
have announced their determinst.;nass .ns
that their employees shall lose notb;rn
by their enforced idleness Officials ns
other large enterprises have arran,.d "
meetings during the next twentv.fors.
hours 70 determine what they viii ~
toward Tightening the burden wh;cS
thirteen days without work in the nov.
ten weeks Will otherwise mean N ~
workers Of Chicago Wv
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
CHICAGO
NEW HAVEN

Following a meeting of speci.,
committee named by Mayor Fitzgerald
and local manufacturers, it was sn'
nounced thai employees in New Haven
would have to go payless on the lepsl
holidays created BY DR.. Garfields
q rdar
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
PORTLAND, ORE.

"One of the most drastic orders in
the history Of the country" is the view
prominent business men take of the
Garfield order as voted here to-day.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
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New-York tribune., 1918-01-18
Unaffected Part of
West Criticises Order

Comment from west of the Missis
sipp, not directly affected by the Gar
field order, follows:
DOPTT AMI ODE
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18

TOLEDO. Ohio, Jan. Commerce
Club and lsbor union officials here
estimate that $4,000 workers will be
thrown out Of employment during the
next five days and for ten Mondays as
a result Of the fuel conservation order.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-18

CLEVELAND. O.

II is time the whole country woke up
to the realization"