davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12

of any other nation or people which may desire different settlement for tht sake of its own exterior influence or mastery.
 III. The consent of all nations to be governed in their conduct toward each other by the same principles of honor and of respect for the common law of civilized society that govern the individual citizens of all modern states in their relations with one an other, to the end that all promises and covenants may be sacredly ob- served, no private plots or conspira- cies matched, no selfish injuries wrought with impunity, and mutual trust established upon the handsome foundation of a mutual respect for right.
 " The establishment of an organ ization of peace which shald make it certain that the combined power of free nations will check every inva- sion of right and serve to make peace and justice the more secure by af- fording a definite tribunal of opinion to which all must submit and by which every international readjust- ment that cannot be amicably agreed upon by the peoples directly concerned shall be sanctioned.
 These great objects can be put into a single sentence. What we seek Is the reign of law, based upon the con sent of the governed and sustained by the organized opinion of mankind.
 These great ends cannot be achieved by debating and seeking to reconcile and accommodate what statesmen may wish, with their projects for bal ances of power and of national op- portunity.
 They can be realized only by the determination of what the thinking peoples of the world desire, with their longing hope for justice and for social freedom and opportunity. I can fancy that the air of this place carries the accents of such principles with peculiar kindness.
 Here were started forces which the great nation against which they were primarily directed as first regarded as a revolt against its rightfu1 authority but which it has long since seen tc have been a step in the liberation ot its own people as well as of the people of the United States; and I stand here now to speak---speak proudly anC with confident hope---of the spread ot this revolt, this liberation, to the great stage of the vH'ld itself!
 The blinded rulers of Prussia have reused forces they knew little of forces which, one reused, can never be crushed to earth again; for they have at their heart an inspiration ant purpose which are deathless and O. the very stuff of triumph!
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12
LOYALTY SHOWN BY BIG PARADE
 HERE YESTERDAY Patriotic Outpouring of Men From Nearly Every
 Nation in the World. MILITARY PAGEANT
 SPLENDID PICTURE Governor Holcomb Delivers Patriotic Address at Sea- side Park.

Never in the history of the city was such a display of the real patriotism and loyalty of the citizens of the city and state displayed as was manifested by the parade and patriotic exercises held here yesterday. Throngs of loyal people lined the streets to witness the great parade, and cheered the passing of the State Guard and organizations in the line of march. It took an hour for the passing of the parade at a given point, and the many American flags were the most noticeable fea, ture.
 The marching of the State Guard in the first division, headed by Colonel Clifford B. Wilson, was remarkable being almost perfect in step, and their manoeuvres to avoid the few automobiles encountered, was the cause of much favorable comment About 1000 tpoops were in line. With the exception of Shelton, all Fairfield county towns sent their State Guard members. The First regiment consist ing of those of Bridgeport, StTatford and Fairfield, commanded by Colone Wilson and Lieutenant Colonel Ste | phen Cronan, while the Second Pro- vistonal regiment, Norwalk and Stam- ford vicinity, was commanded by Ma. | 1or Samuel K. Thomas, and the Third from Danbury and vicinity was leG by Major Cyrus B. Ryder.
 | Promptly at 8:3O the Fourth regi. ment assembled at the armory, ant at 8:45 the order to march was given At Federal street they were joined b! the Second and Third regiments. The second division of the parade was led by Bradford D. Pierce, pres ident of the Chamber of Commerce and every man carried an American flag. The Italian organization carried 12 large flags and the German-Amer jeans six. Eleven bands and thre. drum corps furnished music, selec tions of patriotic and popular airs be ing played during the parade, ant after the reviewing stand was passed the bands united in playing Amer ica."
 | An ambulance was driven by Min ute Women of Greenwich, who wer the only women in the parade, ant | two companies of machine gunners with their guns and ambulance com pantes, showed the remarkabl amount of drill work that has beel accomplished.
 When the parade had passed the re viewing stand, on which were Gov ernor Holcomb and his staff, ant members of the Military Emergenc, Board, Bradford D. Pierce, Jr., gay the text of a telegram he had sent t President wilson, appratsing him o the monster parade and mass meetinl of the city, and of the absolute Joy alty of its citizens. MT. Pierce thel introduced Mayor Wilson, who con gratulated the people on their part il the prosecution of the war. Tn mayor then introduced Governol Hol comb. The governor in spite of hi 73 years and the immense responsi bilities entailed in guiding the ''shi of state" during these stirring wa times, shows very little the mark o the passing years. He spoke of tn
 tremendous task the country is CT gagged in, to preserve Democracy, tn beginning of which was 142 years az yesterday. 'tNow that we have tn Germans on the run, we should kee
 them SOL he said,
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12

These merchants, it was said, con- slider sufficient regulation has been placed on non essentials by the gov
 In announcing the receipt of many complaints regarding the campaign suggested by the council, the associa- ton said:
 '@The belief is expressed that this matter already is sufficiently con- trolled by the war industry board for the reason that many merchants have been notified by manufacturers from whom they have ordered toys jew elry, and articles in metals is to be used, that deliveries cannot be made because of inability to obtain coal and basic materials.
 Tt Is a well known fact that in the last few years the tendency in gift giving has gravitated toward the giv- ing of useful and needed articles. Consequently there virtually is no waste, or any very serious duplica- ton.
 "In letters received from business men throughout the country there is 8 feeling that the council of national defense does not appreciate the real situation and the resultant effect on business if an anti-Christmas cam paign of publicity is inaugurated. The merchants of the country are glad to do everything in their power to assist in the prosecution of the war, but they are unable to see wherein needless agitation, which is liable to break the backbone of business, could be other than harmful"
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12
PRIVATE TOOK
 GUN AND CREW
 SINCLE-HANDED

With the American Army in France, Thursday, July 4-(By the Associated Press)-For capturing a German gun and it's crew single hand ed Private John Kukoski has been awarded the distinguished service cross. In apprising Kukoski of the award Gen. Pershing wrote him as follows:
 q have just heard of your splen- did conduct on June 6 when you alone charged a gun and captured it and its crew, together with an of ficer. I have awarded you the dis tinguished service cross and con- gratulate you"
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12
STEAMER HEADS EDUCATION

Pittsburgh, July 5-George W. Strayer of Columbia university, New York, was elected today as presi- dent of the National Education As sociation at the closing session of the 18th annual convention. Other offic- CTS elected included Vice Presidents M B. Hillegas. Montpelier, Vt, and A. S. Cooke, Baltimore.
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12
HOLD ToRRINGToN MAN.

Torrington, July 5-Tornaso Lucia no is held at police headquarters on charge of assaultt, and Donate La vallo is in a critical condition at his home with II stab wounds as a result of a fight last night. Luciano was captured early today. The wounds
 gre inicted with a stiletto.
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12
ARMENIAN FORGE
 OF 25,OOO TAKES CITY OF ER|vAN

Amsterdam, July 5.-Armenian forces on the aggressive in Trans Cacausia have established themselves well within this former Russian ter Kiev.
 The latest advices quoted by the Berlin Lokal Anzeiger. say an Armen- ian force, 25,0O0 strong. has occupied the city of Erivan, 115 miles south of Tifiis, and nearly 50 miles inside the Trans Caucasian border.
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12
RECORD FOR KEEL PLATES.

Duluth, Minn., July 5-Workmen of the McDougle-Du1uth Ship Build ing Go. claimed today record in laying the keel plates for new boat. As the Lake Helen was launch ed yesterday a trained crew of men jumped into position and in 30 sec ond had the first plate in place. The full keel of 13 plates was laid in AZ minutes.
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12
NO CHRISTMAS GIFT
 SCHEME IS OPPOSED
Merchants From All Over Country Against Proposed War Measures to Exchange Only Cards and
 Letters on Dec 25.

New York, July 5-A suggestion of the council of Ma tonal Defense that Christmas gifts this year be confined exchange of cards and letters meeting with opposition from merchants in all parts of the country accord ing today by the Retail Dry Goods Asso ciatinn
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12
PASS RUMANIA TREATY.

Amsterdam, July 5-The reichstag has passed the peace treaty and sup plementary treaties with Rumania
 says a Berlin dispatch. The inde- pendent Socialists voted against all the treaties. @6iaesEs # E8
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12
ONLY FORCE APPEALS TO TEUTON SAYS LANE Sole Language Enemy Gan Understand Is That From Mouth of Big Gun Secretary Says In Out
 lining Victory Program

Pittsburgh, July 5-Three years of negotiation patience and appeal showed the United States that there only language that Germany understand-from the mouth Of the big gun.
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12

Pedro Cohlo, Uruguayan minister to Great Britain, has been transferred tc the United States
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12

Six persons were killed and 16 in. liured in the allied air raid on Mann } lein1-
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12
PRESIDENT WILSON POINTS OUT THE ENDS FOR WHICH ASSOCIATED
 PEOPLES OF WORLD ARE FIGHTING

Impressive Statement of the Attitude of America in the q World War Delivered at Mount Vernon Before the
 Assembled Diplomats of the Nations of the World What Must Be Conceded Before There Can Be Peace.
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12
|STUPENDOUS NAVAL AND MILITARY ACHIEVEMENT OF AMERICA AS
 SEEN AT A CERTAIN FRENCH PORT

Thousands of Cars Marked "U S A Pulled by Huge En-
 gines-A Mighty System of Communication and Tran sportation Built Up-speed Sacrificed for Perfection
Republican farmer., 1918-07-12
ENvOYS ENDORSE NO COMPROMISE
 WILSON ADDRESS
Presidents Statement It Is Thought Will Forestall
 Hun "Peace Offensive"

Washington, July 1.-The call to the peoples of the world to adopt Americas declaration of independ- ence and the reiteration of Americas purpose to permit mo compromise" in the issues now at stake, made bs President Wilson in his Fourth of July address in Mt. Vernon, were en- dorsed today by the officials and di- plomats here.
 l Thes tatement of the President that i no half way decision is tolerable," nor lis conceivable" many officials | believed, will have an important eff | feet in forestalling another peace offensive" by Germany.
 Although only a single reference was made to Russia, the enumera- ton of ''the people of stricken Russia still among the rest, though they are for the moment unorganized and | helpless" was counted upon to be a potent factor in the influences work. ing for rehabilitation in that coun- try.
 The Mt. Vernon address, 1t was
 pointed out by some officials, while
 not so specific as some of President
 Wilson's previous addresses, consti-
 tutes the most forceful and clear cut
 statement of Allied war aims that he l has given.
 Paris, July 5-Presldent Wilson's
 Independence Day address at Mt
 Vernon is printed with great promi-
 hence by all the newspapers. In its comment the Petit Parisier
 says:
 Tn soulful phrases President Will son portrays the deep meaning o1 the anniversary which France cele. ] brated yesterday with all the Allies o1 n the great American nation. The no I ble spirit who guides the destinies o
 the mighty transatlantic republi, 3 disregards the details. He dominate, @ as from a height every situation . sometimes even the most obscure anC = most tragic, and sees only the broad I aspects which comfort and calm"
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-27

wouldn't understand" says the obese
man at the next table 10 the woman
with the carefully applied eyebrows
And the woman, who looks capable
Of understanding very little indeed,
fnclines a suspiciously rosy ear TO
listen. The obese man has nothing
very Interesting TO ten. but he likes
that particular anecdote; it has long
been a favorite o. his. perhaps It
puts him in a near heroic light
The woman listens. not because she
is interested, but because outward
attention is the price OF her supper
And a lobster palace is more to her
than home sweet home. She loves
the glitter, and the people. and the
staring and the food So she listens
TO the story because 10 makes this
sort Of thing possible
And doubtless the wife Of the obese
man is saying to-it's safe TO say
man ten years younger than her
SELF Il just dOte on poetry. but do
you know I've never told it 20 nay
husband. he wouldn't understand"
This is the type thar seems TO take
a collectors pride in the number and
variety Of its marriage licenses
Judge Benedicts decision VIII un-
doubtedly have the effect Of making
them consider before they try, try
again
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-27

] leather so far consumed since the war
began. lf patched together into a
crazy quilt would cover 5000 acres,
or IL cut into strips il would carpet
est motor car as long as from Phila-
de-phla to the batuefields-
Avoid price Boosting.
In buying the leather for army
shoes an enormous amount Of money
has been saved for the government.
through the patriotic advice and as
sistance Of leading men Of the shoe
and leather industry. AS it is now. a
great part Of the cost Of the PERISH
ing shoes goes into leather AT the
time war began j. r. NcEIwain the
chairman Of the committee on the
shoe and leather industry Of the coun-
ell or national defence and others aid
ed in making the preparations for
the shoe orders
They saw that the demand would
send the prices Of certain leather 10
the skies and went TO the tanners and
got from them the bottom patriotic
rate at which the leather could be
furnished. The orders were filled at
this rate, thereby saving the gov
eminent many millions of dollars
Had the leather purchases been
thrown open 10 competitive bids the
shoes would have cost so cents up
ward per pair above what they cost
now.
1900 Factories Making shoes.
The orders for the old type Of
trench shoes we're. I am told. s465
pair, but the new trench footwear
which is now being made. is being let
In orders ranging from $4,000 pairs to
100000 pairs and upward at from
s6-5o 20 $685. per pair The shoes are
being made all over the country. We
have altogether about 1900 shoe fac
tories and Of these more than - of
the largest are engaged in making
shoes for the soldiers.
Making shoes for Allies.
IL was TO tell YOU how the army
shoe is made that I came TO Man
chester Here is the chief establish
menr OF the McElWain Shoe company.
which has % plant in different PARTS
Of New England. and which since the
war began has at times been turning
out shoes for soldiers at the rate Of
10000 pairs per day The company
was making army shoes for our gov
eminent before the war broke out.
and after that it furnished many
shoes for the allies. The French
government tried TO arrange with
this company through its buyers in
New York but the McElwains pre-
-erred to make their contracts direct
back an order for 100000 pairs TO be
made after our army patterns with
slight notifications Later on the
company got more contracts from
I rance Eunaula- Begun and oLner
countries. so that they had made a
million pairs OF shoes for the allies
before we declared war tt was eE-
1erisuce Of this kind that aided the
government in its first contracts for
leather and shoes
Once Hand Made.
The army shoes Of today are made
n a Ear different way from those
worn by our troops in the revolu-
tfouary war. The colonial shoemaking
was done by cobblers who Travelled
about from house TO house, carrying
their tools with them and making the
1ome-tanued skins into shoes for the
family. They made their own lasts. Z
and sometimes they would whittle
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-27
Gives Powerful Impetus to
Scientific Investigation
and Research.

TIE sudden appearance Of a great
1 new" star among the constelIa-
tons Of the heavens is a rare event Of
great Importance. When the new
conner is a star Of such great bril-
liaacy as this marvellous temporary
addition TO the groFp Of the Eagle. It
arouses the liveliest interest among
all astronomers. both professional and
amateur. 1t is a powerful impetus to
scientific research and speculation.
Nova AQuila blazed out from its prev
ious insignificance with wonderful
rapidity and burst upon US almost IN
heralded. Records Of the Harvard
observatory show that on June 3 this
star was, as usual, Of the 11th mag
nitude, and a star Of this magnitude
is naturally invisible to the naked
eye. Unfortunately, nothing is known
OF its history on June &, and 6. as
those nights were cloudy, and we can
not as yet tell on which date it
started on its mete0ric career
On June z its magnitude had
Jumped 10 the sixth, which is Just on
the border line Of visibility to the
naked eye, and 100 times its original
brightness The very next night its
magnitude had increased TO 0-5; it was
now over 10000 times its original
brlliancy. The next day. June g. il
reached its maximum brightness with
a magnitude Of minus H." when its
glory was second only to that Of
Sirius. the monarch Of all the fixed
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-27
by
Frank G. Carpenter
Copyright. 1918, by
Frank o.. Carpenter

fdown the big lasts for men when they
had 20 make shoes for the women and
children. Some cobblers had shops
ten feet square. known as ten-footers,
in which they worked away with lap
board and aWL Roger sherman. the
signer of the Declaration of lndepend-
ence. made shoes i'm that way, and
Henry Wilson. afterward vice presi-
dent and also chairman of military
affairs In the civil war. studied states
maszhip while he worked as cobbler
at Natick, Mass.
Wilson made twice as many shoes
. I'm a day as the ordinary workman
He labored all day and far into the
night He once tried to make so
pairs Of shoes. a weeks work. with
too great, and he dropped off when
he was starting on his 4lth pair. In
1856 there was a shoemaker at Lynn
who was able 20 average over, 10 pairs
OF shoes I'm a day and his WAGES were
$3.50 Like all the early cObblers, he
to finish. Il was all done by hand
Machines Do It Now.
The army shoe Of today takes the
labor of over 200 men and women on
its way from the skin to the soldier,
and it takes different machines TO
operations are performed, and the
work of the shoemaker, to a large eX-
tent is pressing the button and allow
ms the machine to do the rest As TO
the output. the factory I visited here
is now making about 5000 pairs Of
shoes day and its product is steadily
Increasing
saving the Waste.
The big factories which are now
working on soldiers shoes cover many
acres and they employ thousands OF
hands. The buildings are made Of iron
GLASS FT'Hrnen nTmHnnHne . o.
four or five stories. and they have the
best Of light and ventilation. They
include many buildings. all Of which
are filled with machinery, each being
devoted to its own special woI k
There is one large establishment
where the leather is cut This is zone
by what is known as clicking ma
chimes, by which eight pairs OF soles
can be cut a minute.
The operators are skilled men who
have 20 get all they can out Of each
hide. and that without waste The
shape of the pieces needed for the
shoe. The dies are twisted this way
and that TO save leather. They are
laid on the leather and the operator
moves a swinging beam over the die.
which presses it down so that it cuts
out the part
Every bit Of leather is saved. and
the smallest scraps are carried away ]
to use in other parts Of the shoe. In I
some Of the rooms I saw girls cutting I
up the scraps into large and small I
pieces, so that all the waste might
be saved
Every Part Has It's Price.
Several parts Of the shoe are often .
cut in one place anf sent to another ]
place 10 be assembled The estab- I
lishment here does the cutting for I
score or more factories. and is now
nnHTn.aH -H j
one carload Of uppers to each OF its /
factories here and there over New
England It ships out three carloads {
Of heels every week Each part Of
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-27
TRAVELETTE
BY NIKsAH.



A SMALL wooden station. close to
a the tracks OF the West Chester
electric line, a general store Of com
Portable proportions. an abandoned
toll gate, a cluster OF brick cottages.
a Quaker meeting house and a school
an the rest OF Newtown Square
Delaware county. Pennsylvania, is
pleasant rolling landscape. speckled
with corpulent barns, impressive con-
crete siIos. and slender windmius.
Newtown, according to chronicle
and legend. is very old II was one
Of the first Quaker settlements. fol-
lowing The gentle exodus from Phna-
delphia at the close Of the nth cen
fury. The swirl OF progress to the
east and south OF it, seemingly. has
left NewtoWn Square unchanged But
few OF its farm houses have a later
lineage than 1915 and many OF the
old farmers. descendants OF the early
settlers. stul wear the broad brims
and drab gray OF their forefathers-
At one time Newtown was threat
ened with the prospect OF develop
menL- In 1855. or thsreabouts. the
legislature gave the Philadelphia and
west Chester Turnpike company the
right 20 operate one track steam
railroad between the outer margin Of
Philadelphia and NeWt0Wu Square
The road. however, was quickly eL-
tended 10 West Chester, and NeWtoWn
was made a little used bysratiou-
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-27
SOUTH

stars. 1t had increased It's brightness
over 10000 times. After that date
Vova Aquila began slowly to dimish
its briIliancy. and It is only repeating
the history Of all tine other brilliant
"navae' which have come before it.
None Of these stars have retained
even a suggestion OF the great brill
Iancy to which they had once at
tanned.
The Great NOvae Of the Past.
The most recent OF this class Of
variable stars 10 attain great brill
lance was the star which flashed out
in the constellation Of Pereus in Feb
ruary, 1901 This star came up rapid
ly from the 18th magnitude, until IL
was brighter than Capella, but it was
not as bright as Nova Aquila- Our
new star is the brightest since KEEP
ler's Nova in Ophiuchus, which ap-
peared in 1903 and which was OBJ
served 20 be as bright as Jupiter The
most brilliant temporary star on
record is TychO Brahe's Nova. which
appeared in the constellation OF Cas-
siopeia I'm 1872 and was said to have
been as bright as Venus and visible
for a time by daylight. One Of the
most rapid changes in brilliancy re-
corded was that Of star which APP
peared in the group Cygnus in No
vember, 1876.
This star increased i'm brightness
from practical invisibility to a second
magnitude in less than four hours. 1t
remained so for several days only and
then gradually sank 20 the 18th mag
nitude The number Of nOvae
recorded is naturally very small, and
most Of these were too faint to at
tract general attention such as these
mentioned above. Up TO the time Of
the introduction Of photography into
astronomy only ten cases Of temper
any Ctars were recorded and since
then h50ut 20 have been added to the