davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1918-02-07
BAKER SFIRM
BUT SECRETIQE.
Senate Committees Open In-
quiry Fails to Disclose
Transport Details.
EXECUTIVE SESSION NEXT
Secretary Promises to Have
Army Detsils Disclosed Be-
hind Closed Doors.
EXECUTIVE SESSION NEXT
sssotsl qesssseA 70 ru. srx.

Sssosl QesssseA - Tue srx.
wAsissxarusS Feb. s.--secretary Bak.
~, ap1sesAPes befSFs ri. esnats Cem-
Rattss 6n 5httf ~ Aasiss to-day -ses-
ssntsd a Disappointment TO the throng
ttasEsd ~ iistsn ~ the efS Sxs-s1amina-
tion Of The Cabinet ofiicer with regard to
his colorfui and optimistic statement de-
livered to the committee more than .
week ago. ,
The great question Of the transporta.
ton Of half million men to the lighting
front in the early spring aud the css.
tainty claimed by the Secretary that
1918 would witness the presence on the
battle hne OF 100000 American SOL
disrs wsre evadcd by the Secretary on
the Eround that the details incident to
tho proof Of these claims involved matter
Of such high value TO the enemy that It
should be disclosed only In executive SEES
sion.
Ship tonnage is the crux Of the entire
problem Of the transportation Of our
armies to France. Secretary Baker said
to the. committee At the opening Of the
hearing. Senator Weeks (Aass.) at
tempt at once to draw the Secretary
out In regard to the amount Of available
tonnage and the necessary average
amount Of tonnage per man required In
the vast transfer Of men, munitions and
supplies. Senator Weeks told Mr.. Baker
that II was his understanding that 49,
900 tons Of ships were presently avail
able for army uses.
Estinate Rather Low.
II do not know for certain" replied
SECRETARY Baker. but believe that
statement In rather low
Senator Weeks pursued the point, say
Ing: Assuming that we have SOC. 900
tons. - there any prospect that this
amount OF tonnage can be increasedT'
Secretary Baker expressed an optimis.
tic view with regard to the shipping sit
uation. He told Of 10000 tons Of ship
ping having been added to the American
tonnage ahoat within the last thirty
days. He also informed the committee
that the United States was not depend
Ing solely upon its own efforts to keep
the vast ocean war ferry running, but
that Great Britain had agreed to make q
considerable contribution.
The discussion In the committee was
peppered with acrimony by reason OF the
voluntary effort Of the Administration
Senators In the committee, headed BY
Senator'S Beckham (ky. and Kirby
tArk.). to rally to the Secrctary's as
distance and interpose objection to the
lines OF criticism on the ground that
there might be dangerous disclosures.
Thsae objections were made every time
the investigators seemed likely to pin
the Secretary 70 some fact at variance
with his talk OF last week,
1T 10 an attempt 10 have the Secrs.
tary dtvulge secrets Of y military char
actor" charged Senator Kirby.
II think there 10 q lot OF 'camo ullage'
about keeping inform alton from the en-.
emy and then publishing It In the
Official Bwllettn." asserted Senator
Weeks. ,Il
Haltisg sf Testinsny.
Repeatedly similar interposition by
the two Administration. Senators halted
4 - tAatiyn0nv ~ the 2aC Cr~ to ~, I,,se /. : ~
The sun., 1918-02-07

RoMs, Feb. s.-The Italian shipping
losses by mine Or submarine In the week
ended February were light. only one
steamship under $500 tons being sunk.
The sun., 1918-02-07

,rsd. Of iSs ,snS. :. ~ ms., 'sss q sssss fed, tat,
Young porksrs. seaeoned with selected
spacss. Bewsre Of initatis Adv,
The sun., 1918-02-07

z y. or v,':.:ns'st ,.:ss =. q z: 4. :. .:ss
A'sas', is.ss:' s'esi ~. ~ ss:sst'Is..,'i ~ \.
The sun., 1918-02-07
HaItisg sf Testimony.

Repeatedly similar interpositon by
the two Administration Senators halted
tbe testimony Of the Secretary just a. II
was getting interesting or beginning to
convoy the suggssticn that. errors had
been made on the side Of optimism In
bis testimony. One Of the spicy bits
choksd on BY the Administrations sup
portsrs dealt with the story o. pro.
0srmanism In the army OF the unitsd
States. n,
This vas brought into the. invsstisa. i.
tion By Senator wssks. who said that hs
got . letter from . prosainent man tell-
Ing Of the rsmincation OF pro- German
ism among Vur troops abroad. The ists
Tor, Senator Weeks Said. told OF . chap
lain and certain soldiers having been
sent homo 0'cm Franee. fs =
II know ee but one case whsrs an
Cowttpssdi on Second Page.
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1918-02-27
NAJMIEN

Niniejszem zawiadamiam Szanow-
nych czlonkow Grupy 77mej q. n. P.
oraz Tow. Kr6la Jana III Sobieskle-
60, IL ma posiedzeniu dnia 24go lu-
t+go, 1918 powyzej wymienionej
Grupy i Tow. zapadia jednogiosna
uchwala, azeby wszyscy czlonkowie
obo1iazkowo wzieli udzia{ W uro--
czys'osci przyjecia przedstawicieli
Armii Polskiej we Francyi jaka sic
cdbedzie W niedziele, dnia 3go mar
ca, W sail Coliseum. ObecnOsc wszyst
kick jest tam konieczna.
NJ. Micczkowski,
Sekretarz ProtokoioWy.
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1918-02-27

Pol. Battalion Rezerwy Milicyi Sta
novel - WI. w. G6ralski.
Liga Pol. Dem. Powiatu Cook - FIR.
2. DaniSch.
M%iodziankowO - Jan JankOwski.
Liga Pol. Dem. Pow. Cook +. II.
Landmesser.
Jackowo - ks. FIR. Picczynski c. II.
Centrally Kom. 2 par. Sw. Jana h.
- Fr. ]. Przytocki.
CIR. 1911 Il. z. II. X. Z KantOwa -
p. =. Gibasiewicz.
Tow. Sw. J6zefa, 81. 125 u. p. w A.
w parafii Sw. Jacka - J0zef Hajdysz.
Tow. Sw. Antoniego mr.. 60 u. +. r.
X. W parafii Sw. Jacka - Jan Kra-
szewski.
Parafia Sw. Waclawa - Avondalc
- Aleksander Jarccki, PiOtr TOkarz
Komitet Obywatclski Kensington
III. - Stanislaw Strzelecki.
II. y. P. X. Zychlinski.
Wv. Polek - A. Neuman, L. Maple,
ralSka.
Stow. Praw. Pol. - Sedzia z. X. ia
recki.
Polski Klub Prasowy - Jan p. Pia'
secki.
Dziennik Zwiazkowy FranCiszeI
SZczerbowski.
Dziennik Narodowy - X. PiatkiG
wicZ.
Dziennik Chicagoski r. II. Lasecki
Waclawowo - Jan GroblewSki, FIR
KubyS z Tow. nr. 637 u. 2. r. *.
Parafia sw. Wac}awa = Avondale
- Felix's ]. Augustyn.
Tow. Synowie Ziemi Polskicj CT
1924 Il. n. P. ma BridgepOrcie, - Mi
kolaj Kamajda.
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1918-02-27
mach. lecz laden kandydat piSmiennie

mach, lecz laden kandydat piSmiennie
sic ME ZglOsif.
Pc d1uzszych dyskuSyach uchwalono
wreszcie, azeby wybrac specyalny 10
mitet do porozumienia sic z innemi or
ganizacyami polskiemi %politycznemi W
celu po}aczenia sill politycznych tax a.
bysmy mogli jaknajlepiej u}ozyc liste
kandydat0w pOlskich. Do KOmitetu wy
brani So Aid. st. Adamkiewicz, Igna-
cy Frasz, J6zef F. Helminiak, FIR. Der
dzi1ski, WI. Przybyli1ski, B. F. Gale
cki i Jan KondziOrski.
Komitet ma zdac sprawozdanie z
pertraktacyi ma n%astepnem zebraniu Lii
gi zaraz DO Kwietniowych wybOrach.
F. H. Landmesser,
Sekretarz Generality.
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1918-02-27
Wsprawie manitestacyi
niedzie|nej Coliseum.
Liczne zebranie przedstawicieli
re wszystkich parafii i dzielnic
W Domu Zwiazku Polek.
POsiedzenie PoIskej Ligi Dem. pow. Cook

Zjednoczenie P. r. K, Ignacy Wr6
blewSki.
Okreg IL Il. y. P, Adam Majewski
komisarz okregu.
Piotro = Pawiowo, Tow. U1anoW
Pol, pulk 1 NJ. Ulaszek. Wawe1 gr
400 Il. \. P. J. Gierut, Kawalerya Pol
oddzia} . - W. Kosowski.
Cragin, paraf. Sw. Stanisiawa -
Franciszek Mechela.
Stow. Polak6w W Ameryce - Jan
Golata.
Parafia sw. MichaIa Archanloia W
| So. Chicago - Jan Z. Nowicki.
Grupa I'D u. n. p, Gmina 10 -
Eugeniusz Menczy6ski.
Tow. Br. Pom. sw. J6zefa, gr. S3I
q. p. r. h. - Annowo - StanislaW
Grabski.
Par. sw. M~lodziank6w - st. Jur'
czy6ski.
Tow. sw. Stanislawa B. i NJ, mr.. 40C
q. P. R. X. - J6zef Piekosz.
Strzelcy Obrony Bialego Orla Oddz
1O1 Il. W. P. - Tr6jcowo - HenryE
| Wawrzon.
Tow. Strzelc6w Obrony Bialego Or,
la, Oddz. 101 - Tr6jcowo - Jan
Szczerba.
Tow. sw. Jadwigi - jap Sakwih'
ski, Ig. Wr6blewski, Stan. Dolazi6ski,
Franc. Ko6czyk, Jan Golata.
Okreg II. u. s. ?. - Wac}aw Lubicz.
Grupa S14 u. n. P. - Jan Krypel.
Gniazdo FOG u. s.. P. - Jan Krypel
prezes.
Grupa 1854 u. n. 2. - L. Gubaia,
Ant. A., Polczynski No. 2.
Gmina 81 z. \. T. ma Helenowie -
J6zef Kloczkowski, prezes.
zwlazek spiewak6w PolSkich Ro'
man j. GoszczyGski, Roman strzele
cki.
Polska Rada Narodowa - F. S
Bare.
Tow. Jana Chrzciciela ma Francisz
kowie - Julian Roszkiewicz.
Paraf. sw. Jana Kantego - Tow
sw. Jana Kantego, gr. 1Os - j. Ku'
fel.
Tow, Marynarzy sw. J6zefa mr.. CO.
q. P. R. K. = par. sw. J6zefa - Jan
Ratkowski.
Par. sw. Amy - Tow. Bartosza
Giowackiego gr. 1885 - Jak6b Cry
FLAX.
Tow. Gwardya Tad. Kosciuszki, gr
1899 q. n. P. p. Stefanowicz.
Tow. sw. Floryana W par. sw. Woj
ciecha = A. Klonowski.
Tow. sw. Kazimierza Kr. W paraf
sw. Amy - A. Krosniewski, A. Klo-
nowski.
Tow. Gwardya T. KoSciuszki mr.. 400
T.. P. r. K. W paraf. sw. Jana Kan
teg0 franc. Mega.
Grupa 26S Y. n. P. - Tr6jcowo -
Felix's waskiewicz.
J Tow. sw. Floryana mr.. 600 2. P. R
K, z Kazimierzowa - s. Sniezek, /
Gimbicki.
Tow. .Lekarzy Polskich DR.. Pie
tr~zykowski.
Stow. Polskich Krawc6w, or. 5 q. n
P. - Jan Cieslik.
On. i'm. ]. K. Ordona mr.. IS 2. S. P
- K. Gustyniak.
Tow. NiepodlegloSc, gr. I6S q. n. P
z Town Of Lake Klemens Zaremb
ski.
Tow. Synowie Ziemi Polskiej, gr
1894 Il. n. P. - Bridgeport.
Glory przy paraf. sw. Jacka ]
| K. Borowifski, dyrygent.
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1918-02-27

Wczoraj odbylo sic w Domu
Zwiazku Polek bardzo liczne ze-
branie przedstawicieli parafii !
dzielnic, oraz wielu organizacyi,
towarzystw,grup i gniazd, slowem
wszystkich niemal zrzeszen W kto
rych sic objawia zycie spoleczne
Polonii ohicagoskiej celem pow
ziecia ostatecznych uchwai w
sprawie wziecia udzialu W olbrzy-
miej manifestacyi i pochodzie, ia
kie sic odbeda W przyszia ME
dziele z okazyi przyjecia Misyi
Wojskowej Armii Polskiej we
Francyi, oraz uczczenia p. l. Pa
derewskiego jake reprezentanta
w Ameryce Polskiego Komitetu
Narodowego W Paryzu.
Manifestacya skiadac sic be-
die
l. z olbrzymiego pochodu, W
ktorym Gala Polonia re wszyst-
kioh dzielnic bedzie reprezento-
wana.
2. z wiecu w Coliseum, UREA
dzonego wsp6lnie przez Polakow
i Amerykanow. Ze strony ostat-
mich urzsdzeniem zajmuje sic
National Security League"
5. Wreszcie z przyjecia W hote-
u Morrison, ma ktore wstep ko-
sztuje So cd osoby.
Wstep do Coliseum jest oczy-
wiScie bezpiatny, lecz "a bileta-
mi, kt6re MONA otrzynac cd o.
sob, obecnych ma wczorajszem re
braniu, w biurach polskich orga-
MACY, Cd czlonkow Komitetu
G16wnego, oraz cd czionkow 10
mitetu Scisiego.
Szczeg6iy pochodu opracowuje
kornitet specyalny, ma ktorego
czeie So porucznik Wofski, officer
centrum Ego rekurtacyjnego Ar
mil Polskiej we Francyi, oraz dr..
w. Kuflewski, jake gt6wny mar
szalek pochodu. Szczegoly beda O.
gioszone jutro.
Ma razie oglasza sic, re glow
nym punktem zbornytn bedzie
park Granta w SrodmieSciu. To-
warzystwa cywilne zbiora sic biz
sko III. Randolph, a towarzystwa
wojskowe blisko Jackson Blvd.
Wszystkie towarzystwa musza
bye ma tenn miejscu 0 godz. 12teJ
W po5udnie, skad rusza do Coli
scum.
Co do punkt6w zbornych W
dzielnicacb, takowe beda ogioszo-
ne jutro.
Czlonkami Misyi Wojskowej
Armii Polskiej we Francyi, kto-
rych dnia tego Polonia uczci ra-
zem z p. Paderewskim, So: major
J. Koziowski, kapitan J. H. Wag-
ner i porucznik ksiaze S. Ponia-
towski.
Ma w~czorajszem zebraniu W Domu
Zwiazku Polek byi obecni nastepujacy
przedstawiciele:
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1918-02-27
AVONDALE.

Komitet Obywatelski zwola} po--
siedzenie DIN. 25go lutego W Stacy
Rekrutacyjnej, 2946 Milwaukee ave-,
ma ktorem uchwalono urzadzic vice
agitacyjny, ma dzien 10 marca b. r
Komitet ten doklada wszelkich sta
ran, ably vic wypadl jak %najlepiej.
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1918-02-27

Prawie Ka9dy polski agent real-
noSciowy ogiasza sic W DZ1ENN1KU
CH1CAGpsKIM DO nieiednokrotn!'
przekonal sic. 70 tn oallepiej mu
We onlacA
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

The Christian Science Monitor says that so many other things are coming along to take up the attention of hu- manity that there is a possibility of overlooking the comet of gigantic size that Is now, according to the astron- omers, approaching this solar system at speed of 1,134, 246 miles per day. Halley's comet, which appeared in 1911, and disappointed people principally by reason of the fiimsiness of its texture, was large enough to be seen through the great telescopes eight months be- fore perihelion, or its closest approach to the sun; but the visitor now on the way has been seen fourteen months before being due to attain the corre- spending position, it's discovery having been made in April 1916. The comet will, it is announced, be at It's best and brightest in June of the present year. and 1t will be welcome If it shall fulfill in magnificance even in part of all that is promised in the advance notice.
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26
WELL KNOWN OLD TIMER
 EXPIRES SUDDENLY

Fred Leech, brother of Jack Leech and an old time resident of the Nome district, died suddenly at his home in the vicinity of the Pioneer Igloo early this morning from what is said to have been a form of paralysis. The deceased has not been feeling well for several days but was not thought to be ser
 iously in until this morning when he suddenly took turn for the worst. His brother noted his condition and hastily summoned physician. He was apparently relieved by the treat ment administered but later com plained of distress and expired soon afterward in spite of all that could be done for him. He was a native of California and is survived by relatives residing in that state. He was aged about forty eight years at the time of demise. The funeral services will take place under the auspices of the Pion- eers of Alaska, of which the deceased was member, Monday afternoon.
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26
falling in s,ich d iftaftner as to break a leg and was immediately shot,

The initial game of the Board of Trade handicap pool tournament was pulled off last evening with a large and interested crowd of billiard fans on hand to watch the play. The contest was in the Class c division. the players being Harry Gabrielson and H. s. Thompson. The match was at even odds, both contestants being handicap ped at 125. Gabrielson proved the victor after a game replete with in teresting plays, his score being 125 to his opponents 4s. The game ran to the 34th inning, making the average by innings S.67 for the winer and 1.41 for the loser. The second game of the series will be played tonight at eight thirty betwen Jack O'Brien, handicap ped at l75 and Faxon Lewis, one of the scratch men, handicapped at 200. The contest will be in the A division.
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

The forthcoming athletic tourna- ment for the benefit of the All Alaska Sweepstakes Is provoking considerable interest and there will undoubtedly be a full house when the first event is called on the evening of February 1st at Eagle hall. The interest of the pub lie is not confined to the masculine ele- ment by any means as Q number of ladies are reported to have already made reservations for prospective theatre box parties. The committee in charge is busy whipping the last de- tails of the program into shape so that there will be no hitch when the time arrives. The various athletes are also getting into trim for the sev- eral contests and will be prepared to put up an exhibition that will provoke thrills in the most sophisticated fan in Random.
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

The trappers of the Shishmaref sec tion are literally making the fur fly" this winter and are expected to beat their record figures for last year when they sold about five thousand dollars
 worth of furs from catches made dur ing the period between November 1916 and March 1917, according to informa- ton reaching the Bureau of Education officials and made public through the Bureau journal The Eskimo. 43O white foxes were taken during that period. together with e red fox, one cross fox, six blue fox. nineteen lynx, and 8 mink. Besides the fur bearing animals, the natives of the Shishmaref section secured four hundred "Ooguruk" or that variety of the seal known as the "bearded" seal. AS each skin of that animal is valued at about five dollars and the oil obtained from the fat at approximately an equal sum, it will be appreciated that the catch was n valuable one to the natives. The Es- kmo states that the skin Of the Oogu- ruk is used for skin boats, mukluk soles, poke" sacks and raw hide. The excess skins are usually sold to na- tives of the inland districts as they have no present outside value
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

On the third page of the present issue will be found the initial install ment of President Wilson's appeal to the Workingmen of the United States Tor cooperation in the conduct of the war; delivered before the American Federation of Labor Convention at Buffalo. Nov 12, and hailed as one of the most forceful addresses made by the president on that subject since the famous speech before the joint ses- sion of Congress April 2. As an elu- cidatlon of the war problem of the Uni. ted States, the address is we'll worthy of the attention of everyone.
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

The weekly card social of the Catho- lie Library club held at St Josephs hall last night was the largest attended function given by that organization since the close of navigation and everybody apparently passed a most enjoyable evening at the whist tables. The trophies were won by the follow ing: Ladies-Mrs. Maurice Fitzgerald, first: Mrs. Jacovini second; Mrs Wm Stipek. third. Coleman Griffin. first: Geo Cahill second. Phillip Corr1gan, tninl.
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

The October number of the Eskimo. the bright little journal of the Bureau of Education edited by Mir Arthur Shields. was issued from the Nugget presses yesterday and Is we'll worth the perusal of everyone, regardless of their interest in the Eskimo race. In addi- tion to an article dealing with the tribal customs and methods of the an cient Eskimo tribes, the journal also contains some very interesting items on the deer industry. An article deal- ing with the tanning of deer leather by the native method, written by a native. James Orealuk. is of interest.
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

The following interesting item re- lative to the size of Eskimo families is reproduced from the October number of that interesting little journal. The Eskimo, issued by the Burean of Ed ucation.
 On the Superintendent's last trip to the southeastern villages of the Sew ard Peninsula he found several fam lilies which were very large according to the Eskimo standard. For instance at Film. there were eight children each in the log houses of Mike Ugon- eak and Annegooen, and seven in the home of Fred Walker.
 In the near village of White Noun tain eight children belonged to the home of Kaleruk, seven each wero in the homes of Gabriel and Amuktoolik. and there were six children of Nav unuk
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

Daily Nugget, the management of this publication has decided to reproduce the article in the weekly edition, is- sued to day. Extra copies will be printed and will be furnished gratui- tously to all who apply as long as they hast. regardless of whether the appli- cants are subscribers or not. Parties desiring copies should call early next week as mo copies will be reserved.
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

The October number of the Eskimo reports that six deer belonging to the White Mountain herd asd two belong ing to the Golovin herd of the local reindeer syndicate were killed by lynx during recent days.
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

Chas Ross arrived in town from
 Nome river last night and reports that the work of moving the big Hob- son dredge to the mouth of Dexter is going steadily forward although the task is one beset with many difi- entities and delays. One half of the hull has now reached @ point very close to it's destination and will prob- ably be landed on the ground tonight. The second section is still some distance up the river All the nlach'rcry and fittings have l.en removed to the se- lected location. some distance below the mouth of .Dev"cr creek and the work Of reconstruction will be commenced as soon as the hull arrives. Mir Ross re- ports the loss of Q valuable horse hast night through the animal accidentally falling on the ice while being led to the water hole for it's evening drink
 The animal slipped on the glare ice,
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

Four children used to te considered a large number for an Eskimo family.
 Both Film and White Mountain are located in the timber. Is that any reason for the size of the families, and would less children of tho coast Eski- mos die if the move inland?
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

The prospects for a motor sled race are provoking considerable interest and sportsmen are already commencing to discuss the speed qualities of the four local machines. No one appears to know n great deal concerning the pos abilities in this respect and some of the ideas expressed appear to be rather exaggerated.
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

L. S. Marshal Jordan returned yes- terday from Q business trip to Coun- cil. bringing as a passenger Mrs. sam Taylor. wife of Deputy Marshal sam Taylor who Is stationed in the in- land city. Mrs. Taylor wiM visit her sister Mrs. C. A. Adams.
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

Report from Chinik announce that the Outside mail, consisting of about five hundred pounds of all classes, de- parted from that point this morning Barring delays. the consignment will probably arrive here some time to- morrow afternoon or evening.
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26
NEWS. k0TES

Long distance reports from Candle announce the arrival of MT. and Mrs. Sam Magids from Kiana on Il visit to the northern metropolis which wiil extend for several days.
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26

Owing to very considerable de. mand for copies of MT. Aug. H. D. klie's article on the Scotch method of herring cure. recently published in the
The Nome daily nugget., 1918-01-26
WEATHER REPORT
D. 8. Weather Bureau.

January 25 6 p. m. Tcmperature--Max- Min. IA. Barometer-30. 009 inces Weather-Clear Wind-N 1 mile per hour. ctpitation-None. Following ara the iowes, recorded temperatures for this year and last on the days teeignated. The minus sign before a number maans below saro.