davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-09-20

climate. aud there il more snow than
ice. ON tho large lakcs the gradually
accommodating weigh; cf snow often
farcca thc Ice beneath The wAiei,
which cannot make f'r tho bctt MILL
tary thoroughfarcs. Even In tho
marshes half the invading army would
h., kept busy DIGGING out the other
haif. And finally. even II a GERMAN
army did get through It could stay
only for the winter. From February
To November itH connection with ~
isase would be severed absolutely
During the months uf ice-Hlcdding u
might uf course pile up supplies ana
munitions enough to carry ii through
the rcst OF the year. llut under the
strain and drain Of modern fighting
that is unlikely. lienccforward. tco.
the Prussian military imagination viii
probably bc less sanguiuc than 1t pro.
xlously has been.
-, much for the regions sorth Of
Lake Omega. what uf the country to
the south ~ IL From ptrosuwuak
on the lake the limo continues south
t. Svanka. iif lilomctrcs east - Pet
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-09-20

The allies are now marching Int
RussiS sssem iite north.
They are already FAR south 81
ArchanRei, whore our marines Join
ed them. Presumably. Ia any caH'
the Germans themselves Will try Is
attack And. from the map. the new
MurmansR railroad. paralioiing the
Finnish border as 4 doss for almost
its entire length, seems to offer the
most vunernable of open flanna
hut the Germans themselves know
better than that. The Murmansl,
railroad Is about as FAR as possible
from being an open flank And just
now there h az least ono man in Am-
erica who h IN a position to tcn why.
That is Vladimir sariachkovsky. the
blg Russian engineer who built IL. n
was bult in less than eighteen
months when. after nearly two years
OF war. Russln found the absolute
need of having an icc-free port on
the Arctic. UoriaehkovBky was cho-
zen for the Job because he w',s an en-
glnecr who had already solved many
prohlcms his last work had been "a
rallrad along the foot ~ the Aliai
mountains-and Il was known that
the Murmansk world be a road Of
many problems. And when u was
planned and located never for mo-
ment was Il forgotten that g was a
railroad which sooner or later might
be the would-be object OF attack.
Deliveries ON schedule Time.
But. first, 20 look az it only nH a
railroad u runs from svanka, the
mainline junction east of l'ctrogrnd.
eix hundred miles north 60 kola. It,
last two hundred miles ia within the
Arctic circle. and Kola IS the worlds
only Arctic railroad terminus To
build the Murmansk In year and
haif--it was finished in November
lai7-i0a. 200 men and i5,ooo horses
were put to work. Aud in one scnse
& Is an American railroad. For tt
was built with American materials
Three years before the marines
reached the white sea. our snlps and
our freight handlers were roine
there with rails and construction ma
chiuery. When no pick would opaH
the frozen ground. great fires were
built To- thnw IL for brigade ~ Ann
rrlcnn steam shovols When q was
found Impossible 60 get supplies
through from the south for tho con
rtruciiou camps, America was drawn
upon for the needed flour aul bacon
Aud. from first te laft wa- found
possible to let cvcrything rcs' and de-
uend upon American business system
Ia this way
when a railroad s. 10 De built ir
record time. work must begin r'tHai-
taneously along almost fhe Nl'1'" line.
And the tools and rails the bridge
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-09-20
BUILDING OF THE MURMANSK RAILROAD HAS BEEN
ONE OF THE BIG ENGINEERING FEATS OF WAR

company - ut tho United states Ma
rlnos got upon tho cncmy'a flank with
terrific effect by arriving B,idoniy a.
high speed In Its armored barge from
the direction of odessa.
ir the meantime the marines are
somewhere Ia northern liuEsia. AMI
should be heard Of first from there.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-09-20

hu this. however. D. true oniy ~
The summer. iu fact. south ~ Lake
ncra t isn't true az all what ~
the winter. when soiiu ico ghonld FUR.
utsh road bcds7 IN both cases the
railroad is vulnerable. But as will
.Oau bc lc,u 81 Be- Aulucfahiiify that
uf-3 eiNr ur iHulr cauHa to worry
The Nurmansk g. sUA-arciic only iu
gcuEfa iihtcal sense. The last
reaches 81 the Gulf sfraan modify the
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-09-20

work and supplies must Nc dcl'Vttcd
as near ns ia amy wise possible tu the
/ particular section for whica they arc
designed. Woli. when the right t-of-
way was locatcd, 81 was foand that
"a various points ON the road there
we're adjacent points On the coast ~
Kola Ray and the white sea where u
might be possible Tor ships 70 make
landing. n they could do q, aud
make their deliveries eNacih as per
a previously arranged schedule, whole
months could hc saved. Aud our
ahipz did H Dcapitc 9ormaa snhma-
times waiting FOR them outside, and
iccbcraH impeding traffic within, they
made their deliveries as ret schcd.
uic. Not duy was lost. nor a meat
The bacon and the 1t cl arrived to-
gcthur. IT thu Murmansk now prom
iscs TO be uno 81 the most useful roads
ON earth Amcrlcnn can olaim at least
"a part uf the c.,d an for 81 being there
tscinlucr Traits aind Marshes.
but why can Il not De thanked and
cut from riuand9 Tic answer lies
IN the nature ~ the country. II h..
nbsoIutol, wild aud vlemouy mpas.
HhNfifH ~ 2" asANNt hffAt tfffi INV ssA'ii ~
Canada. There n the same amount
OF game. when our boys are net
fighting. thev can FISH and Fhoot
There g. the same lack 90 all reads. /
Tho sparso reindeer trails reindeer
slcdded ln the first French ammuni-
tlun-arc the hcst tita German VIII
find in that respect From Lake
Omega north there are tho same lakes
aud marshes For hundcrds u miles
indeed the marsh heit between the
railroad and FINLAND g. virtually up-
broken. And marsh said Hanni-
bal tNn Thousand Ncars aea. "is ~
au things nccurspd in war" Where,
n those ltuasiHn marsbrs there are
"a ton mbyrinthinp causewuys only
The wolves aceu, to Doe unlc % thread
them Aud the wolves abound. To
protect thelr horses and cattle IN sum.
MGR tho uatiVe herd thciu On the Is
lauds found Ga thc hiru r lakes Ana
when. during the building ~ the road.
certain German prisoners used in the
construction rangs aNailci :hcm-
SELVES of thelr working iil'orty 10 run
fnr 81. ln rrnoral tw.s DAYS ur a. most
three proved enough 60 bring them
g ACES nHain.
Nhcfrr iiic Ice g. Had.
hl This. however b. true tnly ~
the summcr. In fact. south ~ lake
d .,sfts f fausf frrD al ALI What ~
Bisbee daily review., 1918-04-07
BritOns and Irish Join h Yankee Anniversary With
 Messages Of FeHcitdtiOn
Inspiration and Confidence rising From United States En- trance Into War and From Her Whoehearted Action to Assist Allies Express ed By Well Known Statesmen of Island Empire.

graduate with all our hearts the champions of the rights of mankind the American people"
 Viscount Mersey-'I regard the ad- vent Of America as the salvation Of humanity"
 Sir William Crooks-"I have been cheered by nothing the whole-hearted manner in which America is taking her place in the fight for right and liberty"
 Marie Corelli, novelist-"Old dis sensions are dead-old prejudices have ceased to exist-and not only hands across the sea have met to defend the mother country but hearts too. are united in a bulwark of safety for the world"
 Max Pemberton-"The war aims of America are justice truth and the survival of civilization She is pur- suing them in a manner worthy of her people and her history"
 Sir Edward IT. Seymour admiral of the fleet-"Nothing can be more en- souraging for the future peace and happiness of all countries, than the present alliance of the two great Ang- lo-Saxon nations"
 Admiral Sir Cyprfan Bridge-''Pres- ident Wilson's affirmation that the fight is for the ultimate peace of the world, for the liberation of its peO- pies, is nov the war cry of the Ameri- can nation Those who know and ad- mire it are confident that that nation will not stop until it's ispiring Ob- ject is attained.s
 The Duke of Ships Of new type. but manned by the old Mayflower spirit, bring the sons of New England back to fight side by side with old England in a common cause"
 Baron Desborough-"With the rest of our fellow countrymen I rejoice to think that the two great portions Of the English-speaking people have, after many years, reioined to fight in the common couse of justice and lib- erty"
 Lord Mayor of Liverpool-'Iiver- pool continues 10 rejoice in the great part the United States is taking in the great war for liberty, justice and civilization"
 l. P Mahaffy-Provost of Trinity college. Dublin.-"We hailed this mag nificent exposition of Americas policy and world aims President Wilson'sl with the deepest emotion an dare con fident that the unavoidable delays in their realization are signs of that care an ddeliberation which are character istic of every great undertaking
 Rt. Rev. J. Irwin, D. D. Moderator of the Irish Presbyterian general as sembly-"We gre amazed at the com nleteness and magnitude of our sacri- flee Nothing finer. more chivalrous. more Christian has ever been done by any nation"
Bisbee daily review., 1918-04-07
MEXICAN LEADERS
 COME FROM SOIL

JUAREZ. April 6.-Revolutionary war in Mexico has been conducted largely by civilians during recent years. Since the downfall of the Huer- ta government. few trained military men have participated in the revolu- tiona-y movements or have held com missions in the federal army. General CarranZa, president of the Republic, was a planter in Coahuila before the Madero revolution began and he was made provisional governor of that state. While he holds the rank of general. President Carranza's mili- tary experience is limited to reviews and observations of battles from be- | hind the lines. He prefers to wear civilian clothes to uniforms. The late president Francisco Made TO was an OveYseer on his fathers ha- ciendas in Coahuila before he started the revolution. He was a student and preferred the accounting part of the work to active life in the field, as he never was strong physically. He dis liked the title of general and frequent ly reproved correspondents attached to his headquarters for calling him General Madero.
 Francisco Villa was never schooled in the art of war except as he learned it at first hand by lodging DiaZ' rural es as bandit or in combating the fore es of DiaZ and Huerta as a revolution ist. Villa was a vaquero (cowboy) on the Chihuahua llanos and was a butch CT for a short time He never wears a uniform if he can avoid it. Mnirntria hp has defeated Villa more times than any other Mexican commander. and who is now commander of the states of Chihuahua, Durango. Coahuila and Zacatecas, was a commercial photog- rapher before he joined the Carranza army. He worked at his trade in the United States at one time and always carries a number of expensive cameras with him in the field making his own pictures of the campaigns.
 General Alvero Obregon, former min ister of war, is planter in the state of Sonora, having large ranch at Nava- joa, where he raises large crops of garbanzos, a kind of native pea, which sells in the Mexican, Cuban and Span ish markets. He prefers the farm to the field or cabinet office and retired to resume charge of his haciendas.
 General Gabrial Gavira, the new com mander assigned to this district, was a carpenter in Vera Cruz before he en- tered the army.
 General Francisco Gonzales, com mander at Parral. was barber when young man and worked in Laredo, Tex. at one time.
 General Candido Aguilar, secretary of foreign relations, was a professor before he entered the army with his father in law, President CarranZa.
 General Manuel DiegueZ. commando, of the eastern division of the army. was a smelterman employed at Cana nea. Sonora, before the outbreak of tho revolution.
 General Pluarco Elias Gales, mili- tary commander of Sonora, was a school teacher. has established schools throughout the state since be- coming gOvernor-general.
Bisbee daily review., 1918-04-07

proximately 4.OOO feet a second would call for pressures, temperatures and bore lengths far beyond anything so far attempted while the walls of the bursting charge correspondingly re- duced.
 Doubtless a large mass of iron could be given an unheard of velocity by some solenOidal cOntrivance, but there are many difficulties in adaptation to shell fire. And I can see in like man. ner no promise in a centrifugal projec- tion from an artillerist standpoint.
 Suggests Use of Liquid Air
 "Is there, however. a propellant that can exert great pressures without in. tense heat? Every one who read the papers a few years ago has heard of liquid air This will eventually re place powder as propellant, and shells can be fired with it from rifled guns. It is perfectly safe when not subject to pressure, and can be ladled like water Its action could be con trolled and pressures secured far be yond that possible with any substance which must pass from the solid to tho
Bisbee daily review., 1918-04-07

thority on guns and explosives, was quoted recently as saying that the re- ports of the existence of the big gun were so persistent that it seemed i'm possible to doubt it.
 'The first impression an ordnance expert would have" he said, "is that the report of a gun firing a nine and One-sixteenth shell over seventy miles is a mistake, but such delivery of shell has been so consistently reported that we must assume that such shells are being projected.
 "We have worked up to power pres sures and sustained push on the shell against the handicap of tremendous temperatures and engineering difficult ties in gun fabrication.
 "A thin walled gun might be carried on a dirigible. but even at great height such a craft would be sighted.
 "A prOjectile with rocket impulse af ter leaving a gun is possible, but have built three small three-inch aerial tOrpedoes with good success, but the range was small.
 ITO obtain a muzzle velocity of ap
Bisbee daily review., 1918-04-07
Ry Review I.eased wlrel

BELFAST, Ireland, April 6.-ln- spiration and confidence arising from Americas entrance into the world war and from the effort to exert her whole power in the entente cause were ex- prssed by noted BritOns and lrishmen today in a series of messages to the people of the United States on the first anniversary of American partici- patton.
 1t has inspired us" writes Sir Ig- natius O'Brien, lord chancellor of Ire land. Tt is the salvation of human ity." says Viscount Mersey, formerly head of the commission which inl vestigated the destruction of the Lusi- tania. We understand one another" l" declares Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
 These messages, gathered by the Belfast Telegraph. were give nto the Associated Press. They represent many shades of political and religious belief Excerpts from the most not able o fthem follow:
 Sir Ignatius O'Brien, lord chancel- Tor of Ireland-"The splendid way in which the people of the United States have thrown themselves wholehearted " AulO lllt plO1EIlLAOiA Ol 1lAt aA 'OAA behalf of right and freedom has in spired us all with the hope that the world may soon, in the words of their great president, be made safe for dem ocracy."
 Walter Hume Lond, British secre- tary of state for the colonies-'I hope that the United efforts of tho great Anglo-Saxon races and their allies ma- soon put an end to the curse of mill tarism."
 The Most Reverened Dr. John B. Crozier. primate of all Ireland-"May God bless our kinsfolk across the seas who are now cementing the long continued friendship of Ameriia and Great Britain"
 Lord Tennvson, a son of the famous poet. sent this extract from one of his fother's poems:
 Gigantic dautghter of the West. We drink to thee across the flood. We know thee most, we love thee best, For art not thou of British blood?
 Hands all 'roundl
 God the tyrant's cause confound, To our great kinsmen of the west, my 
 friend.
 And the great cause of freedom
 Round and round,
 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle-"Ameri- ca and we understand one another. There is no more to say. Just one hand-grip and to work"
 George IT. Roberts. British minister of labor-''Patriotic labor here reioices that its instinct finds such splendid response in the heart of American labor We go forward unitedly to the achievement of a peace based upon universal justice"
 John Hodge. British pensions min ister-"We lcOk to the coming year for such a manifestation of Americas s power as will help forward the allied aim in making the world safe for democracy"
 The Right Reverend Dr Ingram. bishop Of London-"The entrance of America into the war was the great est event in the history of the Anglo Saxon race and will. I hope. assure victory for our righteous cause"
 Father Bernard Vaughan-"We con-
Bisbee daily review., 1918-04-07

ant al the compD The government. on certain conditions. wili eiaranteo the payment Of the premium. so that the policy or membership will not be forfeited during the soldiers or sail or's absence: he will then have a year after his return in which to pay up and save his policy or membership. This relief does not apply to all pol icies and memberships, and details cannot be given here, but on filling out the application and sending q to the war risk insurance bureau it will be duly taken care of. if it is the kind of insurance that is protected by this act
Bisbee daily review., 1918-04-07
NOTICE.

The Knights of Columbus smoker scheduled for Sunday evening has been postponed on account of the death of Mrs. Robt. Elliott, wife of BrotEer Elliott. Adv. 57S
Bisbee daily review., 1918-04-07
construction of the gun.

NEW YORK, April G. Speculation about the monster gun said to be used by the Germans in their bombardment of Paris from the St Gobain forest seventy-five miles away. continues. At the same time a continually increas. ing number of inventors are laying claim to the discovery of the principle upon which it is thought to be operat- ed.
 George F. Russell of Hoboken has given out a statement announcing him. self as its inventor. Like other inven- tors who have claimed the gun, he as- serts that he offered his invention to the United States government and that it was rejected. He adds that it's prin- ciple was that of an aerial torpedo. and that he communicated with Secretary of the Navy Daniels.
 He also communicated with Count won Bernstorff, former German ambas sador, and thinks his secret was stolen by the Germans.
 NeNon Believes Reports
 Lewis Nixon, ship builder and au
Bisbee daily review., 1918-04-07
FREE

Green Turtle at the English Kitchen today. Turtle soup. potted turtle will be served free with our Sunday din ner today Adv. 574
Bisbee daily review., 1918-04-07

Hudson Maxim, one of Americas highest authorities on ordnance, holds that the report of shell fire di- rected on Paris from a distance of seventy-five miles is not necessarily a fabric of imagination, but that the construction of gun capable of that feat is possible. He has made the accompanying sketch to illustrate the construction of the gun.
Bisbee daily review., 1918-04-07
Law Affects Insurance

"(3) If the soldier or sailor had an insurance policy or a fraternal bane- fit membership, before Sept ., 1917, and fears that he may not be able to keep up his payments he should write 10 the war risk insurance bureau at Washington and ask tbem for a form or application Cor ask his post adiut
Bisbee daily review., 1918-04-07

Total length of g2n. loo feet.
 Calibre, 20 inches.
 Powder chamber, 30 feet long.
 Diameter of powder chamber. o nches.
 Diameter of projectiles, 9 inches.
 Length of proisctile. 27 inches
 gaseous state through the use and de-
 velOpment of intense heat. "The shell presents many difficult ties in the matter of obtaining proper . bursting It is liable to become very
 hot in its passage through the air at
 terrific speed. yet the same ingenuity ' that could harness the power of liquid ], gas could doubtless provide for the eX- , udaticn of enough liquid gas to cool the moss of the shell while a landing pressure could be obtained to cause
 bursting, or a layer of non-conducting
 material might protect the interior [ from c hurtful rise in temperature. "The gun can be developed unques- 3 tionabiy. and if ranges of seventy f miles are now actually making it - would seem simpler to use liquid gas than powder" l Hudson Maxim, one of America S t greatest authorities on ordnance, has l declared that the reported German l. monster gun is not at all an impossi - bility and has drawn a sketch to sug e gest how such a gun might be con e structed.
Bisbee daily review., 1918-04-07
Oil Cook Stoves

Cook in a cool, comfortable kitchen this summer An oil cook stove is com paratively inexpensive to buy and it will soon pay for itself in comfort and lower fuel expense Meals in iiffy and cool kitchen in summer.
 Basl<s, broils, roasts. toasts. Better cooking because of the steady, evenly distributed heat.
 The long blue chimneys prevent all smoke and smell We have the New Perfection in l, 2, } and 1 burner sizes, with and without ovens.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-01-19
[ .ABOR PARALYZED
BY FUEL MANDATE
What President Wilson Said in Explaining
Drastic Fuel Regulation Now in Effect

Iuteiy necessary that our people
should be warmed In their homes
II nowhere efse, md halfway meas
ures would not have accomplished
the desired endS.
"If action such this had net
been tnken, we SHOULD have iimped
along from day to day with q slowly
Improving condition of afarrr with
regard TO the shipment OF food and
roni. but without such Immediate re-
lief IA hnd become absolutely neces-
snry because OF the ronEeStioas OF
traflc which have been piling up
for the last few months.
II hive every confidence that the
result of action OF this sort will
Justify II. md that the people Of
the country viii Loyalty and patri-
oucaIly respond to necesnlttes OF
this kind as they hnve to every
other sacrifice involved iu the war.
VIC are upon "A war footing, and I
mn confident that tho people % the
United States are willing to observe
the same sort of discipline that
might he Involved Ia the actual con-
Hirt Itself
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-01-19
Design Aircraft to
Garry Large Guns
icy Associated Prcss.I

WASHINGTON, January fS.-Ex-
perts under the aircraft production
bonrd nre already at work, II was
learned To-day, on nm engine that Is
expected TO surpns, the Liberty mo-
tor In power, while retaining all the
qualities for quantity production.
While the original Liberty motor iu-
cIuded no mechanical Innovations or
experiments, the denIEners hnve
been given full latitude In the new
machine, and It probably will mark
distinct progress In the art of air
plane engine desiEninE. For that
reason details OF construction are
highly confidential.
American experta have worked en-
the theory that n good big nirplane
IN better thnn a Eeod little airpIauc.
They believe .uper-dreadnouEhts OF
the cir Will be the mnhtcrx of the
mir. md consequently the new en-
Eines arc being developed to run
planes OF Increased size and fight
ing power. Months nEo General
Pcrshing urged that American de-
sIEncrs anticipate craft armed with
sia machine Iuns ench, three heavy
and three light. At that time no
serious attempt was being made In
Europe to get more than four guns
aboard amy plane.
The Navy Department also is Mt
work on designs for advanced types
OF scaplnnes.