davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-28

Il ROM New York to
bell ringing Only in Washington
ment
OF
England
the duties In America
seemed losing tight
The people Washington withhold
women OF the gladly made welcome
They withhold merely
to make this work
funds provided
the action the or mation
in o doe to
The New Citizens of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-28

twelve to twenty stories each, and these stories
have been used on editorial pages in magazine
sections, by women column writer's, and in any
and every way possible for newspaper to use
a story. They gathered information from ma
tonal organizations of women's war work. gov
eminent departments, decentralized organiza-
lions of women's work, colleges, churches from
England, France, Italy and Belgium; from the
colored women of America; from every avail
able source they culled the record of women's
splendid achievements since the war began.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-28

of staff of twenty-five women who were COL
Letting, colating, distributing news of the work
of women in war time.
They sent 1851 papers daily columns of from
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-28
What the Divisions
Mission Was

WIlSSIOn was
In the report of the hearing on the sundry
civil appropriation bill the cost of the division
is given at $4,000 a year. In the same report
Mr.. Creel describes it's activities as follows:
"The Division on Women's War Work gets
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-28

something they wrote there and found it out.
There was human element in every word sent
out; no form letters were used.
A week ago Clara Sears Taylor was the head
The Washington times., 1918-08-21
Amt It the Truth

SfsPHNG or or OUR cHARAcrRR
FOR a FEW SECONDS US WtL sNo ;
SUiTA 4 EApe oor Of mss UNpeR-C
STANDING, ONE or The oloESL D6uESr
AN,O eDSIEST DANES ~ The WORLD.
n II LnASkT ToR. THIS OLD !
HAe. Tt1E NLAIoRITT or DS DoULo
LEAD LoDG pEAcEFpL ANO HAPPY
LIVES, f'6EIehA.. VIZ uhLL K,OU cIosE
With LouE 70 AL. YoueS rs.a+
sS s.; uas sAose STAMP. fm.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29
The Last Great Days of the War in Final Revi

Allenby's victory, that of dEsperey closed
the fighting in the Near East and ended oil
German dreams Of Mitteleuropa.
While the of these two victories was
filling the world, F0ch moved to general
attack dcsi gned to turn the Germans out OF
their great system Of defences from the sea
to the Mcuse. On September 26 he threw
the First American Army against the Ger
mans north Of Verdun, Gourauds army
against them north of Chaons in Cham
payne and in the following days he loosed
one army after another all the way to the
sea- In the Argonne the Americans broke
the first system of German defences and
strcamcd north toward the final line cover
ing Sedan and the Metz Maubeuge railway.
In Flanders the Belgians and British retook
all the lost ground about Yprcs, pressed over
the hills and descended to the plain, driving
a wedge between the Germans and the Bel
gian seacoast and threatening eventual iso-
larion.
But it was to the south and against the
main wall of the Hindenburg line that the
main blow fell. Beginning about September
80 the main mass of British troops, with
several American divisions in line, pounded
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29
THE Time the
Il Marines Scored

A. new and deadly crisis ensued. French
numbers were failing, American numbers
were still small; but in this emergency the
Marines and two regular infantry regiments
Immediately available were put in about
Chateau Thierry and along the roads north
o. the Marine leading to Paris. They were
for the moment the sole barrier on the
German road to Paris, but the Germans
were already weary with their efforts and in
the first days of June the lines again stabi-s
lied themselves, with scissors and Chateau
Thierry in German hands.
Meantime to the westward the Germans
in the first days of June strove to force
their way southwark along the Disc toward
Paris, with Compegne as their i'm
mediate objective. In this effort they, for
the first time encountered severe check
indeed. Toward the close of the engagement
Mangin made counter offensive on their
flank, which regained ground. This was, in
my judgment, the turning point in the cam
palgn. 1t was the first measurable failure
OF Ludendorff and the initial return to the
offensive of Foch-incons derable, to be
sure.
Another month passed. while the Ger
mans renewed their strength for what. it
was now clear, must be the final blow, since
American troops were arriving in great
numbers, the season was passing and the
German public was becoming FESTIVE. In
this time Austria was thrown against Italy
on the Piave and suffered a disastrous de-
feat, which had great moral effect on both
SIDES OF the firing line. AS it turned out.
this was the beginning or the long series of
Ailled successes, never again to be inter
ruptcd, but at the moment it was the first
CLEAN of sunlight after three months of
agony
Finally, on July Is, Ludendorff flung his
remaining reserves against the French and
Americans holding the line from Chateau
lhlerry to the Argonne. His purpose was
10 break through east and west of Rheims,
envelop and take that town and its defen-
slvc positions behind, clear both banks of
the Marine and begin a wide swinging ad
vance upon Paris. 1t was the final effort to
win the campaign and the war by Napo-
leonc victory, the peace storm" following
the KAISER battle" to use the German
phrases of that boast
But by July IS the supreme effort had
failed on both sides of the CITY of Rheims.
completely failed between Rheims and the
Argonne where Gouraud won notable vic
tory; measurably failed between Rheims and
Chateau Thierry, where the Germans had
crossed the river and were still gaining
ground, bat only at great cost and slowly.
IN this situation Eoch suddenly struck back
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29

their own front at the Chemin des Danes,
were rushed up and thrown in. In this time
the German host pushed relentlessly on,
passed the Somme, crossed the battlefield Of
1916, reached the Ancre, took Albert and
south of the Somme approached within ten
miles of Amiens, the vital centre of rail
way communications Southwark the flood
reached and passed Noyon, touched the Las
signy highlands and extended to Mont
ddicr
In the midst of the disaster France and
Britain, with America, decided upon mo-
mentous step. General Foch, victor of the
Marine and Of the User, was called to su-
preme command. He came when the first
fury of the German storm had worn itself
out. In the last days of March the Ger
mans had finally been halted just east of
the main Amiens-Paris railway and just
north of the Lassigny heights--the lost
junction between British and French armies
had been restored. But tremendous defeat
had involved the loss of 100000 prisoners,
mainly British, and more than 1000 guns
Ludendorf had not merely regained the
ground lost in the great retreat Of 1917, but
had approached Amiens and broken new
ground, which had not seen the invader
since September, 1914.
While Foch reorganized the situation in
Picardy new German blow fell in Flanders.
Failing to stir the Third British Army
which, under Byng, held the ground north
of the Fifth and about Arras, the Germans
had turned north and breaking the fronS of
Horne's First British Army in a sector held
bxy% he L., q
region south of Ypres, taking all the famous
fighting ground, the "Whitesheet" Ridge,
Passchendaele Ridge and finally Mount
KENNEL, the key to Ypres itself
Once more, in 1914, the German drive
headed for Calais, and in the last week
of April Haig issued final appeal to the
British army fighting with its back to the
WALL In this critical situation the line
held, French reserves arrived and the stu
alton stabilized itself, following a bloody
defeat Of the Germans April &c. which in
reality closed the German offensive efforts
in Flanders.
From April 20 to May q long pause
ensued. The Allies had suffered frightfully,
the British loss alone exceeding 100000.
There was still no chance of taking the. Of
fenslve, and the Allies uttered despairing
appeal to America to drop all other prep
arations and send men. The campaign be-
came, in Lloyd Georges words, trace be-
tween Wilson and Ludendorff." 1t was to
be won by the former, but not before Sep
TENDER could Foch expect large American
numbers, sufficient to give him the advan
tage in this respect
After a delay incident to refttinp the;r
machine, the Germans struck again, this
time against the French at the Chemin des
Danes and again won a great immediate
success. All the enormously strong posi-
tlons north of the Aisne were taken in a
day. The Germans pushed south across the
Aisne and the Vesle, turned westward and
began new drive to Paris, one flank rest
ing upon the Marine, the other upon the
Aisne below scissors, which they had re-
taken
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29

bilities, Horne, with the First British Army,
struck astride the Scarpe and actually
broke through a portion of the Hindenburg
line, approaching both Cambrai and Dou /.
BY the first days of September Ludendorf
was not only back in the Hindcnburg line,
but the chance of his holding the line was
dcbatablc.
Meanwhile, away out at the other end of
the 'front.' Foch threw Pershing, with the
First American Army, against the German
salient at st. Mihel, south of Verdun, and
the Americans won swift and considerable
victory, taking many guns and prisoners,
approaching Metz and giving Ludendorff
new cause for anxiety, since at last the
American contribution was becoming i'm
portant in numbers and was now destined to
increase by several hundreds of thousands
each month.
Hard on the heels of the American victory
at st. Mihiel came two decisive battles in
the East. Allenby in Palestine destroyed
two Turkish armies north of Jerusalem,
and not merely broke Turkish resistance
in Palestine, Syria and Mesopotamia, but
as the event proved, eliminated Turkey
from the war. No victory in all history
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29

upon the extended and open flank of the
Germans between the Marine and the Aisne,
using Americans we'll as French troops
in Mangin's spcarhead thrust
The result was immediate and decisive
1t was a repetition of the strategy of the
first Marine, and it had the same outcome.
LudendorH was compelled to draw his beaten
troops out of the Marne salient pursued by
Americans and French. He suffered great
losses in material, evacuated scissors and
the territory south of the Aisnc; but, what
was more important, by his retreat he con
fessed failure, not of his immediate effort,
but of his whole campaign Germany had
shot her bolt She had lost the offensive,
and 1T now remained to be seen whether she
could hold out on the defensive until the
end of the campaign.
On August s Foch began his campaign.
He threw Rawinson's Fourth British Army
against the Germans holding a great salient
from Arras round to the outskirts of Sois-
sons, broke in the side Of this salient TAX
ing thousands of prisoners and guns, and
then deliberately widened the area of dis
location by throwing French armies against
the salient all the way round to the heights
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29
Map Reforming as 1t Was in 1860

TN THESE days, when one of the
most popular indoor sports, Compel
Il. ing for ascendancy with bridge, is
redrawing the map of Europe, when
respectable sewing circles in remote Kan
sas and Minnesota are overnight trans
forming into Leagues for the Self-Deter-
mination of Dayaks, Kutzo-Vlachs and
Houyhnhnms, and when it is seriously
proposed to suspend in public schools the
teaching of geography and to mark text
books CLOSED During Alterations" it
will be not without interest to learn that
the fascinating game of reforming the
map has had its addicts among the in
tellectuals of Europe as far back as 1860.
In that year little book entitled LA
Nouvelle Carte d'Europe" was published
in Paris, sponsored by no less a man
than Edmond About.
An ungrateful posterity seems to have
forgotten all about this excursion of the
celebrated humorist of Second Empire
days into the field of higher diplomacy,
but the other day Louis Schneider. a
French journalist, dug up the pamphlet
in the booth of a "bouquiniste," one of
the secondhand bookdealers who made
the Seine embankment famous. "Ie
Gaulois," the Paris newspaper, prints in
its number for November 81 extracts
from About's book.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29

the Frenchman jumps on his feet and
shouts: The master Of Moldavia and
Wallachy can be nobody except the Mol
davlan and Wallachian peoples" The
principle of Characterization of ma
TONS, pronounced by French writer
fifty-seven years before it was used bv
any statesman!
But now for the Prussian. He starts
on declaring that he wants to. annex
certain provinces, gin the interest of the
provinces themselves" About, the AL
satan from Saverne, knew very we'll that
he was talking about. But listen to ths
Hun: Prussia ought to expand within
Germany. Ask the peoples of all the
three hundred small principalities into
which the Middle Ages have divided Ger
many-they would all be fortunate to
belong to one big state and to save 90
per cent of administrative expenditure. D
Here we meet our old friend efficiency
And the trenchman? One of the dele
gates proposes that France annex Bel
GUM But the French representative
protests indignantly II have waged war
IN the Crimea for the Turk in Italy for
the ltallan-1 am always ready to take
up arms for the sake of great principle.
But I'd rather die at ST. Helena than
seize one square mile Of territory that
does not belong to mel"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29
THE Gladiator
IL And the Bull

OF Foch's strategy it is too earlv to spes,
with exactness. His method was the exact
opposite of the German He did not see,
to gather up all his energies and resources
and deliver single colossal blow. which il
successful would win the war, but if unsuc.
cessful would paralyze hin, for long ne.
Rod while he was reconstructing his thun.
derbolt. Rather his method was one Of
swift blows, each light, but each followed
promptly by another at new point; from
the moment that Ludendorff lost the Second
Marine to the end he was never able TO re.
construct his own armies or escape from the
mastery Of Foch's plans. He had to meet
one thrust after another conform 10 his
foes strategy until his cracking army was
abandoned by civilian populace which had
completely collapsed.
The last blow, July 49, of LudendorfF
was as great a gamble as Napoleon's use Of
the Old Guard in the closing hour of Water
loo. Had Ludendorff retired rather than
advanced IN July, regained strategic free
dom by retreat as Hindenburg had done in
1917, he might have escaped final disaster
for the campaign of 1918. But this was his
doing this he would have precipitated
collapse of the German public, which would
have fastened rather than delayed the end
In March the British were beaten, beaten
as they have never been beaten in FIVE hun
dred years of history Even now one shud-
ders in recalling those terrible days. In
May the French were beaten, although
far smaller fraction of their main masses
was affected. Blu. had there been no rush
of American troops to Europe, becoming
visible and in a slight measure available by
the first days of June the two Allied defeats
might have given Germany victory on the
Continent, chance to write another Treaty
of 1ilsit such as Napoleon wrote in 1867
after Austerlitz, Jena and Friedland But
before we gave military aid our troops sup
piled moral stimulus; we became vast
balance in the bank soon to become avail
able, at the moment when despair was
abroad.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29
4 Miss as Good
"A AS a Mile

The attack of March II had two clear
obJectives. Selecting the point in the front
where British and French armies met and
where the actual line was thinnest Luden-
dorf sought to drive a wedge between the
TWO armies, rolling the British back upon
and beyond Amiens and thus out of touch
with the French and with their own main
base at Havre. He sought also to open the
Disc route to Paris and to push southwark
until his heavy artillery could pound Paris
INTO ruins or surrender. This was great
programme, but for its realization Luden-
dorm had concentrated the ultimate re-
sources OF Germany, and he was to miss
success by tao nalrowest margin.
On March II the blow tell. On n front
OF thirty miles forty German divisions fell
upon fourteen British, after a brief artil-
lery preparation unexampled in fury and
reinforced by gas shells in enormous GUAM
titles. The surprise was complete in its
effect, fog deprived the doomed Fifth
Army of the advantage of most of its prem
arations, its support lines were at best in
poor condition and in the first day of the at
tack the line was pierced at four places
Yet through this day and the next the
army fought on doggedly, retiring slowly,
but maintaining it's front intact
BY the third day, however, the ruin was
complete; the Fifth Army had dissolved into
gallant fragments; great gap was opening
between the British and French and con-
tinued TO widen for several days, during
which all the French reserve armies. which
mad been awaiting i German attack upon
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29

After this introduction the reader "a
shown into the dining room of a fashion
able hotel, where the representatives of
the largest ten nations of Europe have
just finished banquet and are about
calling an international congress to or
der. The meeting opens, and, naturally.
the question of the Near East comes IN
The first speaker is the we'll known
"Sick Man." the Turk. He is in bad
shape, poor fellow. Everybody is picking
at him-the Greeks, the French consuls.
with their constant interference; the Rus
slams. But what can I do?" he walls.
Il have soldiers, but they lack boots and
provisions and refuse to march and fight"
Poor Turk, he is forced to renounce his
temporal power and to retire into private
life in Rome. His estate is left to Ell
rope to quarrel over.
This is good, but what follows is even
better. The good English lady" takes
the floor and addresses the Austrian: ~
wish you had fewer subjects, because
then you would have fewer enemies
This does not sound like 1860; it sounds
like 1918.
But the Austrian, although not quite
at his ease, does not see the point, and
tmldly asks that Moldavia and the Wal
lachy be transferred to him. But now
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29
against her German masters and Austria
falling into ruin and fragments

against her German masters and Austria
falling into ruin and fragments.
A final stand the Germans made in France
IN the last three weeks of the war behind
the Scheldt from Client to Valenciennes.
behind the Mouse and in systems of de-
fences prepared between the two rivers.
But by November 1 the British had forced
the line of the Scheldt and were advancing
upon Maubeuge and Mons, the French were
sweeping all before them from Guise to
Rcthel and the Americans were at last
through the final German barrier and were
streaming forward to Sedan, whose suburbs
they were to enter before the armistice was
signed
And so, with the supreme disaster in
sight, but not arrived, with their power Of
resistance not ended but approaching its
end, with their armies still fighting we'll and
retiring in good order, the Germans gave If
up IN the first days of November and on
November II the armistce became effective
and the Allied road to the Rhine was opened
without further possibility of German re-
slstance. Such, in brief, is the story of the
campaign of 1918 1t has two distinct
phases, that of Ludendorff from March p
to July l8, that of Foch from july Il n
November II.
IN these two phases there are certain
clearly defined periods. There are the three
German blows that of March 81, which was
stupendous success, almost decisive. 4bsf
Of May II, which was great and hardly less
threatening than that of March. and finally
that of July Is, which ended in comp1ete
German defeat three days later. when Foch
the German blow parried, passed to the Of
fenslve and threw Mangin with his Franco
American forces against Ludendorff's flank
and began the march which has IN recent
days ended at the Rhine only by Allied
choice, for the road to Berlin lies omen
Germany has been conquered. was con-
quered between July and November.
Looking backward how shall one ssssss
the causes of German failure and Allied
success? Both sides possessed great com
manders, although the superiority of Foch
Is lncontestibe. The first German blow
was one of the most perfectly planned
thrusts in all military history. 1t surprised
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29
A Drama I'm Which the Villain. In
dendorff, Almost Prevailed, Until
FOch FoiIed Him

and almost destroyed an enemy, who PAUL,
and did rely upon the fact that in Co..
years Of the warfare of positions there -,
been no successful break through !, -
West. Ludendcrf brought superior NM.
bers secretly TO the decisive point bs -
his great battle, but the battle failea :,
be decisive mainly because Allied resist.,s'
continued beyond the calculated point and
the German striking force was exhaus..s
before the actual knockout could be dsI;s
cred. And Of the Flanders strike the 60.
is to be said
The second German blow, that above -.
Aisne, was less heavy, despite its ;n;.;.,
success, but it, too, wore itself out wjtbor.
attaining a decision. Again the final bIo,.
could not be delivered, and the Gerno,.
were suddenly confronted in the first d..-
Of June by a counter offensive recan;nu
Joffre's momentary venture at Guise in 1914
where he suddenly turned and won con
siderable victory. Still unwarned Ludsr.
oorf pursued his strategy to the final les.
He risked all on one more battle, CALCULATING
as Moltke calculated in the days of the fret
Marine, that the French were exhausted .na
the British out Of it. And again an smszsd
German commander in chief saw an ensu-
already out of the battle by all the laws -
military textbooks, return to the offensive
advance, succeed. French and British no,
rale had outlasted German; thereafter y
was merely q question Of how long German
morale would last in defeat.