The Bemidji daily pioneer., 1918-04-15

TuSL, IOrmeQ on WneaL OF grasses dt
harvest time and remaining on the
straw, until spring, cannot infect the
wheat, oats, or grass plants directly,
but must pass to the barberry plants,
from which they are redistributed to
the grains and grasses in condition to
do mischief again. In. this way, at
least in part, the rust plague is re-
peated from year to year, especially
il the weather conditions are favor
able.
Safety comnissIon's Order.
The public safety commissions or
der for the eradication of the bar
berry was issued in order to bring
the state intos close cooperation with
the federal government in a cam
paign against the black stem rust,
under the general direction OF E. c.
Stakman Of the Minnesota experiment
station in the central west, and un-
der the special direction of e. M.
Freeman dean of the Minnesota col
lege of agriculture, in Minnesota.
z The order in part reads: ''.. ~"
"Allsl barberry bushes except the
species and variety known as Jap
anese barberry (Berberris thunbergii)
are hereby declared to be, and the
= same are, public nuisance and a
menace to the public welfare, aud
their maintenance, propagation, sale.
or Introduction in the state is forbid
den. 1t shall be the duty Of every
person owning or having charge Of
any premises on which barberry
bushes of the rust-producing varieties
are grown, or at any time found grow
ing, to forthwith destroy such bushes.
1.-THE state entomologist is author
ized. :. to cause all rust-produc-
ing barberry bushes within the state
of Minnesota to be eradicated. :.
1t shall be the duty Of the county board
of every county in this state to order
and cause the eradication Of all such
rust-producing barberry bushes within
their respective counties under the
instructions and according to the d.
rections of the state entomologist."
Eradication on Arbor Day.
In compliance with this positive Or
der, arrangements have been made
to interest the schools and communi-
ties of the state in the large eradtca-
tion of barberry plants on Arbor day,
April 19.
The spring Is chosen as the time
for the eradication campaign, because
it is then that the spores of the rust
pass from the old straw to the bar
berry to gain fresh lease of life! be-
fore passing on to the new crop Of
grains and grasses. II the barberry
bushes are destroyed at this time,
therefore, there will be no new lease
of life for~the winter spores developed
late last summer
Japanese VS.. Common Barberry.
The Japanese barberry is usually
from 2 to 4 feet in height and has
somewhat spreading, reddish brown
stems, while the common barberry
grows to a height OF from 4 to 8
feet, with it's stems mostly upright
and Of gray or grayish green color.
The spines of the Japanese barberry
are mostly single, while on the COM
mon barberry they are usually in
groups of three. The spines on the
former are geneally smaller than on
the latter, also. The buds and leaf
clusters on the Japanese variety are
about one-half inch or less apart;
on the common variety they are about
an inch apart. The leaves Of the jap
anese plants are spoon-shaped, smooth
around the edges, and green, whereas
those of the other kind are large and
broad, have spiny teeth along the
edges, and are either green or purple.
The Japanese flowers and fruit grow
singly or in small clusters, while those
on the other grow in long clusters.
How to Destroy the "spiny Huns"
To destroy the common barberry,
dig it UP, being careful to get the
whole crown and the large roots, 80
that ~ NAV mot aprCut again