davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18

Finally, after some very crude advice
and period of quarantine, he will be
thrust into the midst of several hundred
boys who have committed crimes of va
rious degrees. He will find these boys
already so accustomed to being little
criminals" that they have not only lost
the shame of it, but have acquired the
peculiar pride SO many have in the con-
seriousness of the fact that they are "dif-
ferent,' and problem to those they
hate.
Paul Chapman among them will be
hero, because he has been accused of
greater crime than theirs, and when Paul
forgets a bit the agony of the death
house he will become proud in his own
way of his remarkable history
There can hardly be any other result
of his incarceration. There are too many
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
THE NEW CITIZENS POINT OF VIEW
What Awaits Paul Chapman in Reformation

the electric chair as doubtful and would
rather, if we know how, turn Paul into
q good man, we face two alternatives:
First, we might just let him go. We
might say, justifying his release, that
Paul has had long time in prison with
the sentence of death hanging over him.
He has had time through the long days
and infinitely longer nights to think of
what he has done. He has seen me,,
dragged from their cells, half fainting,
and put to death-knowing that the
same fate was destined for him. He has
had time enough to develop a lasting
regret that he went the wrong way and
to make fervent promise to himself that
if he is ever released he will keep away
from paths that might lead him to an
other such frightful predicament. If we
release him in the custody of some good
man Paul might be led to the very
heights of manhood and good citizenship.
If, on the other hand, we feel that we
should not let him off so easily, we can
send him to a reformatory.
/ have investigated great many of
these institutions and ! have been in
various ways connected with some of
them. I wish to say, regardless of how
preposterous it may seem at first, that
if | had boy Of my own facing a SEN
tence of death with an alternative of
two years in the average reformatory
should pretty nearly favor the electric
chair. I say pretty nearly, because /
do not know whether my wisdom would
be great enough to overcome my senti
ment.
The chances for a life of misery and
endless abuse are done away with in the
moment Of execution, but the average
reformatory starts it's inmates on the
course that means lifelong misery and
shame and crime. And in the light of
common, ordinary criminal history the
life of crime begun at the reformatory
often ends in the lighthouse, anyway.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18

tiding over until they secure better ones.
In the mean time the hours are so long
and the conditions so bad that they seek
to make things easier for themselves by
making stupid restrictive rules For ex-
ample, they force the boys into bed at
1880 or s o'clock in order to get off
earlier themselves, without the slightest
consideration for the effect on the boys.
Thus Paul will find himself severely
punished for the least infraction of
rule, and he will acquire the following
principles of adaptation:
Keep out of sight of an officer as much
as you can. Say as little as you pos
sibly can. Do whatever is asked Of you
when they might find out if you don't.
Crime King;
Age Sixteen
One thing is certain to me: Paul will
not find single officer in whom he can
contide. 1t is human to crave the OPP
portunity to confide in some one. This
craving is the very basis of companion
ship. When he finds that he cannot make
friends with the officers, with the teach
ers, with those older people who could
show him in time the better ways of life,
he will seek companionship among the
other boys. These other boys, poten-
TALLY good, most of them, are neverthe-
less tainted with some knowledge of gam
bling, thievery, truancy, "dope" taking,
and even worse. Perhaps the worst of
all is a certain consciousness of being
enemies of society. They feel them
selves to be a class, another race, apart
from the rest of mankind and engaged
in an endless struggle against society.
Among these Paul Chapman will be a
hero. Here will be boasting and an ex-
change of knowledge. What he doesn't
know he will soon learn. The reforma
tory has not made the slightest attempt
to reform, to better, to influence in the
right direction these many boys. The re-
formatory has no programme for refor
nation. The reformatory believes in pun
lshment and rests on punishment as its
one cure. All those in charge feel they
need do is to keep the boys there and
make their surroundings such that they
won't want to come back. But, alas,
things do not work that way. They do
come back again and again, except when
they are sent at last to prison instead,
and on up to the deathhouse 1t is not
often that boys begin with the death
house, as has Paul Chapman.
The average reformatory is nothing
but cruel house of detention. Each boy
is kept for certain period, long enough
to become contaminated with any disease
in any boy around him, and then sent
home on parole.
Paul Chapman's case is bit different
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
What 1t Means
To Be an Outcast

They are all kept for about two years
and sent out on parole. During those
two years they get their meagre food
supply, work hard, play little, go to
the very poorest type of school for half
OF each school day, obey an endless num-
Der Of rules, just and unjust, and develop
a bitter hatred for all rules and laws.
This and nothing else will be in store
for Paul Chapman if he is sent to a
reformatory.
He has been removed from civil life
for some time already. and shame has
been scared all over him. If he goes to a
reformatory that shame will probably
harden into crust of indifference. When
he leaves two years later with this hard
ened crust the sympathy The world has
for him now will have been dissipated.
He will be gazed at furtively and
Stunned. There will be few if any who.
cept those who like himself, are outcasts
from society. He will probably inset
hardened criminals and accept their com
partnership because he can find no other.
What is the use of going further?
Read the facts. The records are open
to every one Find out how many men
who die in the electric chair-the four
gunner" and Jack Mulraney and the
hosts of others-began their real crimi-
nal~cafeerS alter they lett refOrmatOrieS.
Find out how many Of the inmates of
our adult prisons began their lives of
crime in the reformatories that arc
spending millions annually IN making
criminals
What Paul Chapman must have is a
change of environment, good chance
to begin over again and to forget; an
opportunity to find the better way, com
partnership to help him along for while
and plenty of good, hard, pleasant com.
pensating work and play.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18

THE petition which has been circu
lated by The Tribune asking
Il Governor Whitman to save the
life of Paul Chapman, now imprisoned
at Sing Sing under sentence of death for
a crime in which he was only technically
involved, gives the petitioner the choice
between asking for full pardon or a
communication of sentence to term in a
reformatory.
1t is certain that the women of New
York, now that they have something to
say in the affairs of the state, will say
to the executors of the law:
"You shall not kill boy!"
1t is simply incredible that the mothers
of this state will allow such an execution
to take place. But assuming that they
will not, what, then, is to be done with
Paul Chapman?
The crime of murder was fastened
upon him by an extreme, if permissible,
Interpretation of the law. Paul Chap
man murdered nobody. But Paul Chap
man conspired with others to rob, and
in the carrying out of this conspiracy
by others the crime for which Paul is to
die was committed.
If we desire to get even" with Paul
for joining this conspiracy we should
electrocute him. Our object could hardly
be attained more fully. If we desire to
make an example of Paul so that other
Pauls will not take part in such con-
spracies, we should ask ourselves why
did not the execution of the four gun
men in the Becker case deter Paul and
his friends from committing this crime?
And Paul and his friends had plenty of
other Every good examples" to profit by,
If they had made an attempt to profit,
II at the time they had been at all in
terested in so profiting.
If We consider the deterrent value of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18

from the average. Ask any reformatory
superintendent what he would do if Paul
Chapman were to be sent to him and see
if he has the faintest suggestion to
make.
The reformatory accepts boys in the
same way that thrashing machine &C
cepts its bundles of wheat-one goes in
after another, and all go through an
identical process.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
Bv DAVID S. CREENBERC

Author Of "a Bunch of Little ThieUes,"
"Murder," etc.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18

ment on children less than sixteen yea
of age"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-30
Re0iew of Weeks
Trade in Richmond
Retailers Great Holiday
Besiness-Manatfdc-
tatrers at Sea.

The reports Of the retail merchants.
or such as have been rendered. agree
That there never was anything just
like the holiday trade which came to
an end week ago. Since the night of
tho 2ith The retailers have been kept
busy rcarrang!ns shelves and counters
and getting the few "leftov.rs" there
were in place for the mark down sales
that are scheduled for this week. or
viii he scheduled for next week
Richmond jobbers nave set their sails
Tor the New Year trade and not "a
lew OF the drummcrs have gone fortl,
/" he rieae on the scene OF action
january |. The Wholesalers almost
without exception, are LOOKING for big
business carly in the year. Their In
formation is that the counters and
shelves Of the country merchants are
as em:ity rs II last years bird nest. or
nearly so, and tho nuuber IL iillinG-
In orders that VIII come cnrIy IN Jan,i-
AIRY, IL is expected. villa be very large.
Manufacturers in some lines arc Il liz
tie AT sea-. Their customers seem In
ciined TO mold back orders for goods
To be made M. II is eviden, thnt these
customers ere looking for lower prices
10 follow close upon the heels Of The
declaration OF peace OF course when
prices are settled or II becomes Il set
tlcd fact that the day or ni:h rrice.;
Is not set ready to dawn .hor Will he
rushing IN their delayed orders hut
just now how far To go iu maxim;
up the eoouS To meet this uncertain
demand tho manufacturers DO no,
know. ana they are tryin. TO so.v,.
this problem. In III. inean,Irrc some
OF them ar" not working fun time
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-30
NEW JOB PLANNED
FOR YOUNG WORKERS
school Children Arc 10 Helm Trnu.mt,
information on Child Hygiene
to Parents,

WASHINGTON, December 2e-(Snc.
eial: bringing mother UP TO dain"
IS inc latest responsibility 10 DC placed
upon tho shoulders OF the prescnt-dav
American infant,
rs result OF n recent conference
between Dr. Julius Levy, director Of
thc bureau OF child hygiene OF ma
New Jersey Department OF Health. and
state commissioner Kendall, il was de-
c!ded that the best way to get ccr,oin
important items Of health i,,fnrma ion
10 the mothers OF New Jersey wns
through the children themselves.
inc state bureau has sent on; letters
10 SchooI principals and superintcnfI
EMS suggesting that they request aII
chiidrcn whose households hras; ,hn
pvsStSslon OF I baby 10 write to ,hr
Ihi!dren'S bureau. Department Of La.
nor. at Washington, H. G. askjnr MA.
pamphlets and bulletins dealing Win
hiaht care, the care of children of ~,
Stno"l age, or similar child wolf,rn
subjects be mailed at once TO thnir
According TO the State bureau I, ;S
hoped by this means 10 get in,n ,ro
possession y! n large number OF ,noth-
etS valuable information that viii c,
ahir them TO give more intclligcni ga
!" tn" babies OF the nation.
ANOTHER novel plan TO teach tho &c
HehtlAis o. ch.lds diet to mothers
Was recently invented by Tho Cbii,I
W ehhrc committee OF an Iiliuuis ~,
y tam" was set FOR dolls rcprcsrniin"
,nIinFrh OF different ages. and hrrnrc
c'eh doll was placed the nroncr Gta,
''' Il 'h!id al that particular age
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-30
y -l'|---------
APPLES LOOK CHEAPER
\" decided Change lct. Hut rcudeuc,
J." Downward in Lending Markets
OF Country.

Whl" General price RANGES on an
rlcH N"ld about as the Week previous
in tho leading markets Of tho country.
- row OF hose markets last Week
quoted slightly lower. Northwcstcrn
boxed Win""aps. extra fancy. after
reaching top of $40 /. o. Il. shipninp
points closed slightly ri $40 10 s225
consuming markets closed at :, narrow.
eighty weaker range Of So TO $40
per box. New York Ba!dwins. IA 10
closed slightly lower In New York. but
INC general range was firm ~ S.a5 10
"".'o per barrel. Sales T. o. "a. in West
crn New York shipping sections ranged
81 TO S5.'5. Virginia Yorts. 40 10
ranged firm in Chicago and St Louis
At $3.50 to -. Shipments continue 10
decrease. with 1913 cars cnnnur,,l
with 1.5I1 last week Movement is a:
about three times tho rate OF The cor
responding time last year.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-30
IRON AND STEEL QUIET
Getting HrndImstrd Ia Tcnrc isn>;,, AM.
Takin. u short Hest in the
Meantime,

According 20 the review % conditions
by the lron Axe. they haV. continued
puic; in tho iron and steel industry. as
adjustments Ia IL peace bash. and ar.
partially closed dawn in order. Ia over
haul and repair their machinery The
voluntary lowering Of prices by MOST
hlaHHiHctufHrs hnS not yet resulted in
any material increase in new business
nut many Inquiries are being received
ana numerous producers have suGi Glen,
orISFs on their books to carry them
well into tho new year. :, new cor
tract has been formulated by the con
tract committee OF the American Iron
ana steel institute. which Is expected
40 prevent cancellations and to be OF
great benefit 90 both buyers and sellers
ih"rn * considerable foreign industrv.
ior ho;h iron and steel and "a large
business OF this nature is expected TO
iat"" develop. IN, at the moment
SchicN" OF tonnage restricts ShiprIc mt $
ana haNinH For export Ia limited
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-30
CARY STREET BUSINESS
DuiinrsS Followed Christmas Rush
Delayed tiGifdn! Goods Constituted
liul kof Receipts.

Up to Tuesday nigh; all OF Cary
street aui tile Thirteenth Street neigh
horhood had their hands fun. and they
sold out cl"ar After Christmas not
n few OF the produce joohcrs and com
mission men were loud in their com
p!aInis OF bad shipping service. Sev-
"ral of them had large receipts on the
18th and :1th of produce. poultry and
other goods that should have been
her" in ample time for the Christmas
trade, and would have been easily
disposed of il they had arrived on
time.
Since Christmas bay business was
rather duil on cary and Thirteenth
Streets, and the reasons for the dull-
ness Was tho short demand and me
h"cvity Of receipts. The country ship
pors OF eggs, poultry. fruits and vcgc-
tables seem to have taken holiday
all OF the week. and the receipts con
sisted almost entirely OF delayed goods,
as aboV" explained. and goods fro III
the f4r South and other distant points
There Was. however. some improve
mcnt IN the receipts or fresh coun-
Try eggs. ana prices fell off some
mailing the retailer L. stock Nh at
figures 10 admit of his cutting the
fciail price cents In tho dozen
Beyond this there were no n,aterta,
changes in prices after the Christmas
rtisa. The limited receipts did not
justify marking down OF figures
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-30
GREAT RELIGIOUS GATHERING
TO BE HELD IN OHIO CITY
One Hundred Years of Foreign Mis-
siunnry Work VIII Tie CcIc-
DRAFTED Next summer

COLUMBUS, O., Dcccnib, 2G-(Spc-
c!aD.-Plans already are being com
p!eicd for what is expected 10 he The
greatest religious gathering in the his
tory OF America. to he held here carly
hcN' summer in celebration Of 100 year.
., i"reisn missionary work by the
Methodist Episcopal Church
nration which VIII mark ,hc end OF
thc chlrch'S campaign 90 raise SIZE
100000 for foreign miss ionaiy work.
dcr!hrc that besides the thousands, OF
,anaJn. there Will bc 100. 600 accrcl :
lied delegates.
Scores Of natives in costumes from
th.n" India. the South Sea Islands.
every missionary field in the world vii!
Nividly portraying native life In tho
countries receiving missionary aid.
laS"ahts Will depict the work OF the
cnnIch at home ana abroad. \ choir
o. 10" trombones Will lead congrcca-
tinnal singing in the omen arr
seven cars. OF exhibits from foreign
lands hay" already arrived here.
Drive t" Make pemocracins Safe"
celebration viii be conducted ny Law
zen OF the church. with the co-oDnra
tion or the General cnufnrcncc tho
Methodist Church. south: the board %
bishops and allied church organiza-
tons
To care for tho army Of visitors cx-
pc"tHd from June - to July = tho
dates Of the celebration. n tented city
VIII be erected and residents asked TO
throw. open their homes.
rector-gcneTal OF The huge undertake
ing, and II. H. Dickson. Philadelphia
~ organizing secretary in direct charge
OF the Columbus exposition.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-30
LUMBER TRADE OUTLOOK
IN GREATER RICHMOND
Orders for Material for Repair Work
and Farmhouse Building Re
place Government Demand.
BUILDING CONTRACTORS TALii
Their Talk lis Encouraging to Lum-
her Dealers and Saw and Planning
Mill aIcn-Coming Year to BE Ono
of Much building.

For thch past two years the lumber
business of Richmond. and ali of this
section Of Virginia, for that matter,
has hccn almost altogether transacted
with tho United States government. or
with builders ana contractors who pur
chased timbers for government work.
Such business has been fairly good.
and ns tho prices paid 20" nj; manner
Of building matcrla. were wartime
figures. tho Iumtcr dealers OF Rich :
mond and all o: the nearby towns have
been able Ia keep things moving and
Ia the main the business has been prof
liable.
Now that the government contracts
arc things Of. the past the lumber men
see nothing but cncouragcmcnt ~ they
return 20 civil business. SO rar the
trade since the signing Of the arm
istire has been with people in search
OF the ncccSSlr? timber for long de-
!iycd repair work and FOR making adj
ditions TO dwellings and business
houses that have proven too small for
tho purposes ior which they were built.
For the past two weeks or more the
trade OF ih!s character has hecm quite
brisk. Large "Ldcrs for timhcrs have
conc in from farmers and others Of
the n"ar3y rural districts. and some
Of these orders have been for tn, build
or part Of them We're for material for
repair work and f"r additions TO build
ings. mostly dwellings,.
Tho farmers hay. made good crops
aud sold III cm Tor prices that were
highly remuncrativc. and these things
l'nyc pu: ,hcm much in the building
humor. The lumber dealers and the
wood working establishments that pre-
pare the timbcrs for all manner OF
building are bookini; many good or
der" OF this character. which. added
- like orders for c!tE ann suburban
building. have Furnished them good
,usiness--ahout as much az they have
:. il.4 ,sgl A. N hn 81
Irw weeks.
Building contractors arc making
many estimates for work in the near
future and they are giving the luin-
hey men 20 understand that they pro-
pos" To keep ;hcm pretty busy ali o!
the good y"ar 1919. ana the !nrnhcr-
Yards and planning mills are preparing
Tor the coming campaign. The on;
lcok Tor tn" lumber ;r..de Of Rich
lnond aud al this section or Virginia
Ia M bright as the most Optimistic
could wish il 10 be
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-30
PRESENCE OF WARSHlPS
REASSURES BULGARIANS
People of Turkey Rcuurtcd to i,c
Pleased with Outcome
al Wur.

SOFIA. WulGAElA. December 90
Bulgarian political leaders profess to
be .ratincd by the entrance OF the
entente fleet iuir Snnstantinoplc and
EXPRESS The belief that it assures an
,IGitubi" ana ivHSCnahle solution Of
ihc intUrninahlc question of who shall
control the Straits of The Dardcnelles.
This problem has boon the constant
nightmare Of mos, Of the Haikpn
states. particularly Of bulgaria. Rou-
always have considered the possibb;iity
"t EussiAn occupation Of CONSTANT
own national existence.
This fear VAS one OF the causes which
led l'uiGar!a t" takc sides with the
central Npowrys IN the war. Later when
liussta abandoned her exclusive claim
20 C"nstaniin"ply. lsoumania's entry
int" the war on the side Of the en-
t,rtc was Facilitated.
Political circis III bulgaria are pro-
foundry !muresScd by the Eiddy rapid
!,y with which events of far reaching
International Importance now are
TRANSPORTING. The folly OF the policy
pursued ~ the former King Fcrii-
nand and his sovcrnmcnt in Bulgaria
manner to BulSar!ans by tho recent
developments The Same feeling is cX-
neci"d 70 prevail among the young
Turks who preferred 10 trus; Germany
rather than Great Britain and France
although /; is said these powers and
Russia gave To the Porte n formal
declaration gaarIutccrinG the intcs-
riiy of Turkey il she would remain
neutral IN the war.
The great mass OF tho Turks as we'll
as all other nationaliticS in Turkey
arc said to be overjoycd 20 witness the
termination OF the rule OF the gov
-Tn.nG clique III that country and tile
success OF the entente powers. They
u"w realize, il is said. that Germany
cared nothing for the condition OF thu
turks. hnt was solely concerned with
h"r own commercial and industrial
schemes affecting Turkey.
The general feeling OF tranquility
has succeeded the recent trouhlous ,l,ncs
iidencc in the ability OF tn. prcsen,
deihocrat!c ministry OF Bulgaria 10 cx-
iri1aic the country from it's present
condition.
Tn" organization AZ society in
soma 70 promote thc idea or a Balkan
confederation is Crit!ciIed here on the
ground that 1T Is premature
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-30
BAKER RECOMMENDS MEDALS
FuR DRAFT BOARD MEMBERS
Congress VIII he Asked 10 Pas. va.
OF Thanks for Their

WASHINGTON. bacor,bcr %
.y1ucSt OF S"orcturv Baker 90, 49, ,.'a
ni'Cmi. Of tho House Military Aifairs
"imim.i lcc, viii introduce MONDAY y
g,ns, 10 express thanks Of Con.
atle'l'Nc draft system. and 10 nToyii.
"'"'..s I" u" Presented those men h,.
~" secretary OF War. ~
~ i'tter requesting that such n
said: baMcr
IN All the vast ana ox!ccn, wor,,
1910 '''' VIZ u" measure enacted by Con.
LNSH m the wisdom of its rolict D.,
,hr AeiectiVe service system. Conp,ri.
S,"iN among citizens OF the country
w W., per oTmed each IN his own place,
% !nNidious and yet venture 10 dom.
'tn"r there has ever been - ,norc
ai.i'hE picture OF fidelity in,n va.
~" ny the members Of these boards !
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-12-30
GOLD INDUSTRY SUBSIDY
MEETS WITH DlSFAVOR
Committee OF british Treasury Makes
Adverse Report on state
Aid PrOpoSni.

- LONDON. December 2a.-Thc British
iFcaSurE COMMITTEES mas reported
against substituting tho gold production
OF the British empire. The committec
III its report says:
~ subsidiary for tho production of
gold appears to us TO be Fundamentally
unsound. Periods OF increased gold
production have been marked by an
Increase in the price OF commodities.
EShaustion Of these sources Of supply
nave Heen accompanied by q decline in
inc price OF commodities. The iuten-
tion of 4 subsidy Is suggested by the
sold producers 10 enable gold TO he
produced which otherwise would not,
conformHbly with thc economic laws
OF supply and demand. he produced at
all; We think 1t essential to preserve
free market in gold, but clearly it
would not be a good business pronosi
!ion to do II we had to pay e los. 81.
for an ounce OF gold in order TO export
IL at re LIS. 1Olsd. We can only main
tain our gold reserves II the value OF
our exports. visible and Invisible. cx-
ceed on the balance the value OF our
Imports"