davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26
By Will r. Cent?
EFT not the strap-hanger despair

M
The strap-hanger is also a
voter, and Travis Fl. Whitney,
Public Service Commissioner, makes
the inference plain that this duality
of muscle and mentality can be made
to prove quite eloquent in the solu-
ton of Manhattan's most serious
problem. Mr.. Whitney, speaking of
that nearing period when the subway
shall be clogged beyond human endur-
ance, said:
There is one way, and one way
only, out of the difficulty, and it can
best be put in the form of slogan
Manhattan for business; Brooklyn
and environs for the Industries.
Il admit" continued Mr.. Whitney,
that such position is capable of
being interpreted, offhand, as radical
to the point Of Bolshevikism, inasmuch
as it means nothing more or less
than public control Of the location of
buildings and industries. Yet analysis
OF every feature Of the situation shows
it to be the only lasting remedy.
Consider for a moment the ava
lanche of humans that descends daily
on shops and Offices and factories
through the CONSTRUCTED region known
as Manhattan--a tumbling, one-way
wave that rears itself for two tumul-
tuous hours and then buckles back
after the days work in the same re-
stricted space Of time.
Ever this wave is rolling higher.
Wars detection of passengers is hav-
ing no appreciate effect on the vol
ume, but add to the normal growth Of
travel the quota that will be thrown
back on the subway's resources when
hostilities terminate and there you
will hayesyour problem brought smack
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26
BUSINESS ZON1NG CURE THE STRAPHANGERs DESPAIR

to a head, acutely and DANGEROUSLY.
Congestion then will be beyond de-
scription-and beyond endurance.
physical means to Offset this high
tide of travel? Beyond the sttaighten-
ing of the present twisted route into
two parallel trunk lines-the Seventh
Avenue and the Lexington Avenue
routes-there remains little to be
done. Perhaps another trunk line
running partly under Central Park is
feasible, but funds for the construc-
ton of such line could not be
amassed until the war drain on finance
comes to an end.
"When an important industry en-
ploying thousands is about to cstab-
lish itself in certain locality, and
another locality, say in the Browns
vile section of Brooklyn, is equally
available, assuredly the latter location,
in its very own interests, should be
chosen by that industry. Why? Be-
cause such step would aid in coun-
terbalancing and equalizing the rush
hour traffic that is swinging in the
direction that it exclusively takes at
the present time. Greater comfort
and less delay would result, and eff
cheney experts for the system would
find JOY in the abatement of the pres
emit virtually, often absolutely, empty
cars that rumble back in long string
Of trains to pick up the casual back
flow passenger-trips that shrivel the
possible earning capacity of the sys-
tenn in the manner that passes issued
by prodigal theatrical manager for
sell-out night cut in on the profits.
"Such a course, too, ought to be
pursued by the builders of the big
Office buildings. Why. one can almost
flick the ashes off ones cigar out of
window in any number Of skyscrap-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26

the German may increase the num-
Der of his submarines, whether an
attack be delivered by one or more
U-boats, a properly escorted convoy
is reasonably safe.
If this be true, the question natu-
rally arises-why are merchant
ships ever allowed to go out alone?
The answer is simple-we have not
destroyers enough to go around.
Were it otherwise the submarine
war would be over. In the mean
time, till we get enough, the Ameri-
can and British naval authorities
are doing the best they can. BY the
use of small patrol boats, "blimps'
and hydroplanes they manage to
keep large areas of home waters
safe for local traffic and to keep
certain sea lanes open through
which fast merchant vessels can es-
cape to the high seas beyond the
danger zone. Once in a while the
U-boats break into these protected
areas, however, and though they find
it is a costly business that usually
weekly record of mercantile sinkings
still takes jump.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26

that always the tide of travel flows
through the narrowest of confines in
one direction-from Westchester, The
Bronx, Harlem and Washington Heights
to the Bridge sand environs, at either
abutment, in the morning, and buckles
back over the same route toward even
ing, with the collective load reaching
its peak on both trips in a period of
two hours of congestion that taxes the
equipment of the lines to the utmost.
"Try to picture this, remembering
that the daily average of passengers
carried by the subway is, in round
numbers, 100000 people, with a high
water mark of 100000, which is four
times the number theoretically set for
it to handle, and you will have faint
glimmering of the situation"
These figures, Mr.. Whitney stated,
were exclusive Of elevated records. At
the, office of the marlborough it had
been learned by the writer that, for
the year ending June 80, last, both sub
way and IL" roads carried 763,574,0s5
passengers, daily average of 2.OO1.-
1884, or 1,134,77s for subway lines and
957,2o6 for the silt style of travel.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26
The famous smoke used ships Uboa


Another reason why vessels are
permitted to go out alone touches
the convoy systems chief disadvan-
tage-it reduces tonnage or carrying
capacity, first, by delays waiting for
escorts; second, by limiting the
speed of fast ships. The ship on
which I came from New York to
Liverpool, for instance, is a seven
day boat. Two others in our con-
voy were equally fast. Yet by
being forced to take the speed of
the slowest vessel, we took sixteen
days to cross. time enough for the
three vessels to have got back to
New York. In other words, less
material can be moved under the
convoy system than by free ships
Nevertheless, we cannot get on
without it. 1t is wholly impossible
to maintain safe codes with mer-
chant shipping scattered all over
the world. To control it's, routing
and divert it in accordance with
enemy movements, it is absolutely
essential to group it under war
vessels. The great reduction, al
most half, in sunken mercantile ton
mage since the adoption of the sys-
tenn also far more than makes up
for delays and lost speed.
The limitations and advantages
of conveys being thus understood,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26

the location of the Bush Terminal in
Brooklyn" said Mr.. Whitney, with a
show of enthusiasm. "Here is concrete
proof of the soundness of the argu-
ment just advanced. Thousands of
people working there are spared the
discomforts of the fearful congestion
in the Manhattan lengths of the sub
way. They travel in reverse directions
while the rush hour traffic is at its
worst
"zoning? Yes, coming by trades is
very important as a first aid measure
and as permanent feature in connec.
tion with subway travel. But it does
not strike at the root of congestion
Control of location, as just outlined
alone will solve the problem, 1t NAV
appear extreme when superficially
viewed, but profound thought along
those lines will convince any minc
that is analytical and combines vision
with breadth.
"As to coming, while it would no,
abate the mad scramble, all at almos,
the same hour, it would at least lesser
the degree of congestion by spreadins
1T oyer longer period. There is ne
law which makes it mandatory on Of
hce' factory, store, school or theatr.
to throw open their doors at a certain
hour. The expediency of an adjustabl,
schedule has been recognized, indirect
iy' by the national government. o,
the three Federal shipyards which ad
JOIN on Staten Island one has set it
starting time at z, one at 1880 and tn
third at 8 o'clock, with quitting tim,
to correspond, of course. This the,
did on their own initiative, having il
mind the comfort and physical we'll
being Of their, employes--and, natural
~, the higher state Of efficiency in
volved."
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26
) AS to Diving
| And Emerging

There are also decided limitations
in submarine navigation and opera
ton. The popular idea of a U-boat
emerging and diving again with por-
poise ease is quite erroneous. If she
attempts to go down at an angle of
more than IL degrees her bat
terry tanks overflow, leaving her a
helpless, floating hulk. Abrupt dives
are also very dangerous. A subma-
rine commander told me that his hair
had often stood on end when, on a
quick dive, his vessel went down and
down till he thought he could never
stop her. Doubtless, many U-boat
has gone headlong into the deeps
where the terrific pressure would
crush her iron sides like an eggshell.
No, once on the surface, large
U-boat would require several min
utes to submerge, and if she be
seen by destroyer her fate is al
most surely sealed; for no matter to
what depth she may go, the telltale
wake floats up to the surface. A
depth mine dropped at it's head
closes the incident.
Neither can a U-boat cruise in
definitely under water. Seventy to
one hundred miles is the limit. After
that it must come up to recharge its
batteries while steaming along the
surface. If it be sighted on emery
ing with it's batteries exhausted, it's
situation becomes desperate. There
is case on record of three German
submarines so caught that lay
for forty-eight hours on the bottom
listening to the chug-chug of the
patrol screws above. Two that tried
to sneak away in the night were
sunk. The third surrendered.
Surface cruising also has its
limits. At low speed submarines
radius runs up to 5000 or 1000
miles, but good deal of this mile
age is used up in coming and going
between the hunting grounds and
the base, and if much high speed
work is done in long, stern chases
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26

tremendous Office structures that mn.
such heavy impost on the transporta-
tlon lines. With an existing BODY
given such power, or a board espe-
clally appointed for the purpose. the
city can guard itself against growing
dlscomforts and increasing difficulty
IN reaching places of business in the
congested belt.
The clothing industry is at present
centred at Madison Square," said Mr..
Whitney. "Workers are brought from
The Bronx and Harlem along the self
same route that brokers, business men
and clerks must travel. They live IN
those localities because the rent is
cheap in comparison to the scale OBJ
tanning in more convenient neighbor-
hoods. There is at present the nucleus
OF prospecting garment manufacture
ing section in Brownsville, to which the
new subway extension penetrates.
Sites Tor homes and apartment houses
abound. A transplantation of that in
oustry to some such spacious section
OF greater New York would relieve the
subway of a quota of passengers that
would make the landlords of a city of
the size of Yonkers double their rents
and would precipitate building boom
besides. AS sixty out of every hun
dred passengers originating north OF
Ninety-sixth Street come from The
Bronx, and these are for the most
part concerned in manufactures, would
it not be wise to defect this maelstrom
by diagonal routes to new factory dis
tricts created where there is room for
them?
On Zoning
By Trades
Zone of the best things that has
happened to this city, considering its
one big and ever growing problem. was
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26
size, which once more demands
more armor-and so on.

size, which once more demands
more armor-and so on.
Such a vessel, if produced, would
present a deeper target for torpe-
do than any destroyer, and only
one would be required to send her
to the bottom. She would stand
a poor chance in stand-up battle
with the group of destroyers that
are always to be found with a con-
voy. She would also require full
100 feet Of water for safe maneu-
wiring, and would so find it quite
difficult to operate among the shoals
and shadows of British home waters
where her prey would be principally
found. Lastly, she could only give
chase to one vessel at time; so, on
the whole, would be less effective
than the present type of U-boats. AS
two years have passed since the Ger
mans first talked of "undersea
cruisers" we can rest assured that
after balancing the increased cost in
time, labor, money and materials
against possible advantages, the Ger
man naval constructors have pro-
nounced against them. There is no
good reason for us to make night
mare out Of this particular German
dream.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26
Compared With
Building Operation

Let me say, in emphasis of this con-
tention, that it requires from three to
five years, in normal times, to con-
struct dual subway system, such as
the one about to be opened to the
public, on which S33O,0O0,O0O is being
spent" Mr.. Whitney told the inter-
viewer, in touching on the causes of
subway congestion. Contrast this with
the building of business structure
OF the proportions of the Equitable
Building, which is ready for occupancy
IN about year and which adds fifteen
thousand people to the crush already
choking the particular subway station
nearest to it. On the basis of ten
car train, as usually constituted during
the rush hours, each of such trains Of
fering five hundred seats and carving
again as many standees, it would re-
quire at least ten trains to take care
of this accession of. passengers alone.
AS thirty-four trains can be run with
safety in an hour, you see that the
occupants of one building of sky-
scraper dimensions for whose location
the subway is in no way responsible
can crowd trains for almost half an
hour.
Multiply such an instance by all
the big downtown as we'll as uptown
Office buildings In mind. and remember
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26
Spreading the
Travelling Population

Limitation of the height of build.
ings, according to the basic space they
occupy" resumed Mr.. Whitney, as a
great aid in the equalization of the
city's passenger traffic. 1t will spread
the travelling population over wide,
area. Legislation to bring this abou,
has been successful, although under
taken without cognizance of it's effects
on the subway situation. Further leg.
islation, with this object directly in
view. now must be secured to control
the location Of industry and Of thu
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26

their bombs from the sky; the lit
tie patrol boats, always ready to
engage in one of those desperate
sea duels where no quarter is asked
or given; and, finally, the destroyer,
which, because of it's swiftness and
agility, remains the U-boat's chief
foe. So deadly foe is the latter,
indeed, that the Germans have
talked both loudly and long of un-
dersea cruisers to chase it off the
seas.
What Enlarging
U-Boats Mean
BY certain alarmists among us
this boasting was given credence-
just as the German intended. Most
of it was manufactured, as matter
of fact, for foreign consumption
The Hun naval authorities are quite
aware of certain limitations that
make against such a boat. Add ar
NOR plate to a vessel, and her size
must be increased to provide more
buoyancy. Increased bulk calls for
heavier internal structure, heavier
engines, heavier gun platforms for
larger guns; larger quarters for a
larger crew; larger fuel and water
ballast tanks; all of which calls fo,
more buoyancy-that is, increased
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26

kept thousand of his kind voyag-
ing those dangerous seas, the same
spirit that had brought him and
many another like him off best in
U-boat duels, the same spirit that
animated that fine old skipper of
the North Sea who with both legs
shot off and his vessel sinking or
dered his crew to throw him and
the code books into the sea together.
So let us allow his repentance and
permit the incident, unfortunately
c,e of many, to serve to illustrate at
once the merits and faults of the
convoy system.
The Convoy and
Merits of the System
Its merits, taking them first, have
been abundantly proved by the de-
crease in mercantile sinkings since
the old patrol system was aban-
doned. Under the latter the de-
stroyer and patrol fleets were scat
tered like pawns over vast checker
board that ruled off the British
home waters, across which mer-
chant vessels moved from one check
to another. Though they were
hunted necessarily, the U-boats
managed to pick up in these days
somewhere between thirty and fifty
ships a week. But after Allied ship
ping was grouped in conveys and
sent through the danger zone under
destroyer escorts the weekly average
fell to eighteen large ships or less
and four or five small ones. During
the last eight months of 1917, in
deed, the American and British de-
stroyer fleets conveyed over $50 900
vessels in and out of Allied ports
with loss Of only one-eighth of
per cent.
Perhaps the best proof of the
effectiveness of the convoy system
is furnished by the English Channel
passage. Through the lanes of
destroyers, aeroplanes, "blimps,"
transports and supply ships have
moved for three years with perfect
safety. Now an oceangoing convoy
is merely section of Channel pas
sage far out at sea, and if as we'll
guarded is equally safe.
A certain number of destroyers
to a certain number of merchant
vessels has been required for per-
feet safety; and that conveys of
thirty vessels with half that number
of destroyers are practically safe
was proved, at least to my satisfac-
ton, during a cruise l recently
made when a number of our vessels
escorted a total Of sixty vessels
distance of 1900 miles in ten days
through waters infested with SUBJ
marines. To the right and left.
ahead and astern, U-boats were con-
stantly being reported. Often we
crossed their courses. No doubt
they had us under observation most
of the time. But, mark this! We
sank the only one that had the
nerve to attack us and sent it's crew
of four officers and thirty-six men
back to our base. Another signif-
cant fact-while we passed in safe
ty unescorted vessels were being
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26

bulk of the U-boat weekly bag is
taken from unescorted ships. A
further advantage is to be found in
the fact that no matter how much
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26

sunk all around us. Five were tor
pedoed, indeed, in less than four
hours, three of which went to the
bottom. AS a matter of fact, the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26

ing buildings downtown onto empty
lots and slums. With the through
trains on the new Seventh Avenue line
about to be put into operation, the
scope of this neglected territory,
which is as convenient to the subway
as the solidly 'built-up block from
the bridge to the Battery, is widened
to an even greater extent
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26
On Zoning
| By Trades

"One of the best things that has
happened to this city, considering its
one big and ever growing problem. was
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-05-26

ing 40 or so per cent of German
submarines" The loss of the ves-
sells, it should be remembered, is ag-
gravated by that of the torpedoes
they carry. The smaller boats usu-
ally carry ten; the larger and later
types about twenty.
The High Cost
Of Torpedoes
Now a torpedo is an extremely
complex piece of mechanism that
takes months of time and THOUSANDS
of dollars to build. Indeed, the en-.
tire yearly output of the Uniteo
States Naval Torpedo Works befoie
the war was only twelve ACCORD,
ingly, if U-boat is sunk outwafe
bound with a full complement o.
twenty torpedoes-which happens
quite often-their loss is more SER
Gus than that of the vessel. II =
highly improbable that any U-pos
goes down without some torpedoe
1t is also comforting to know tnss
an average of four or five torpedos
are shot away for every vessel s''ns:
The twenty vessels sunk per wes.
cost the German government I,
torpedoes alone close on half mn
ion dollars.
Such a mortality in crews, se
, pedoes and submarines could onv
, be justified by great accompns
ment. Germany has acknowlede
to the world her hope of winning ~
war through the submarine
paign; so with this knowledge g M
chief factors, let us look at The e,
uation as it exists at the cIoee
1917.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-05-18
OLD AGE A CRIME!

Some people are young at 60-red
checked, rudy and vigorous. Others
are old at 40-joints beginning to stiff
en- up a bit: step beginning to lag and
lose its springiness; occasional touches
OF pain in the back, feel tired without
cause, and possibly a twinge OF rheu-
matte pain.
In most cases these are the danger
signals to warn you that the kidneys
are not promptly doing their work Of
throwing. off the poisons that are al
ways forming in the body. To neglect
these natural warnings is crime
against yourself. If you have these
symptoms you can find prompt relief
in GOLD MEDAL Harlem Oil Cap
sules. For more than 200 years this
has been the recognized remedy for
kidney and bladder ailments
GOLD MEDAL Harlem Oil Capsules
are imported direct from the laborator-
les at Harlem. Holland. Get them at
your druggists. Do not take a substi-
tute. In boxes three sizes.
ADV.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-05-18
RED CROSS drive
OPENS MONDAY IN
PREbLE COUNTY.
Red Cross Day in All the
Churches Sunday = Coun-
tvs Quota is $4,000.

EATON, O., May 1s.-Preble county
will open Its second Red Cross war
fund drive Monday. The county's
quota Is $4,000. Oscar A. Gale Of
this city, chairman Of the campaign,
has perfected strong organization
throughout the county to carry the
campaign to successful end. An
nouncement of the campaign will be
made In every church In the county
Sunday, as Sunday has been designat-
ed as Red Cross Sunday in the coun-
ty.
Patriotic services are announced for
Sunday evening by the Methodist
church, at which an Offering for
French war orphans will be taken.
The exercises include patriotic music,
addresses and Rotations. Those to
take part in the exercises are Rev. j.
C. Shaw, pastor; w. NJ. Title, Mrs.
John W. Cook, Mrs. Charles Frech,
Miss Grace Harris, Miss Schwarxtrau-
Der, Miss Pauline HORNE.
Among the out.of town relatives and
friends attending the funeral Of Bar
bara Rau were: Mr.. and Mrs. George
Schmidt, Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Love-
land, Mr.. and Mrs. Ora Loveland, Mr..
and Mrs. Ed Bender. Mrs. George APP
pie, Mr.. and Mrs. William Neff, Mr..
and Mrs. Hiram Hendrickson, Mrs.
James Noakes, Mrs. Kate Makley and
son, Raymond, Frank Holicker, Mrs.
Charles r. Martin, Mrs. Edward Stel-
ter. Jacob, Louis, George and Simon
Miller, Mrs. Charley Wolf, Mrs. Ed
Boedecker, Mrs. Miles Kuhns, Mrs. Al
bert Stickel, Mrs. Amelia Makley, Will
O'Keefe. Mark Kenna, of Dayton;
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Phillips. Manches-
ter. Ohio; Mr.. and Mrs. John Grouse,
Covington, Ohio: Mrs. Charley Snider,
Rex, Ohio.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-05-18
SPRING AILMENTS
Relieved by a Good Medicine-Forty
Years Of Success

Relieved by Good Medicine-Forty
Years Of Success
People still take Hoods Sarsapar
lila because it is an cid family friend
has proved it's merit to three genera
tions-in purifying and enriching the
blood, expelling humors, restoring ap
petite, relieving rheumatism, and ban
ishing that tired feeling so common at
this time of year.
Hoods Sarsaparilla is the standard
Spring medicine, blood purifier and
general tonic. 1t originated in a we'll.
known Boston physicians successful
prescription, and combines medicinal
roots. barks. herbs and berries such as
are often prescribed for ailments of
the blood, stomach, liver and kidneys.
Buy it in the same style package as
that in which your mother bought it,
same good formula, same fine ap-
pearance, same pleasant taste, same
certainty of good results.
Your druggist knows how much sat
isfaction this good medicine has CIV
en.-Adv.