davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1918-06-28
OLD CONTRACTS
RECEIPTS
DAILY INTERIOR RECEIPTS
JOHN F. CLARK & CO.'S COTTON LETTER

NEW ORLEANS, June 27.-Washington sa vs.
the cotton report on July will be in three
flashes-First, condition on June %; second,
acreage; third, indicated crop.
Liverpool is firm near positions but de-
clined fully the new. Spot prices 90. IN.
Sales 1900 bales. This firmness in the near
is probably in connection with the absence
Of exports far this week from our side.
The chief trading inspiration here this morn
ing was the weather map showing rains and
cooler the northwestern portion of the
belt First trades were al q decline of about
10 points General rainfall occurred over the
southwestern portion of the belt, Indications
are for cloudy weather for the entire belt with
the possibility of further showers in the north
western quarter of the belt. Showery weather
will continue over the eastern and central
states This outlook raised fair of increased
weevil damage and caused some buying. How
ever, the trade is chiefly concerned over the
situation in Texas. Should there is some relic f
held in regard to the coming condition and
acreage report on July would find more
ready expression in the market.
The market has advanced fully Sc from the
low point Of the May liquidation and traders
are waiting for a more definite shape in the
crop situation before launching on any empha tic
contest for a higher price level.
The crop has had late and irregular start
TIE local predictions of large crop in June,
when the crop is just a few weeks out of the
ground. have as yet little substantial basis,
while the really critical period is still ahead.
Large crop predictions so early in the season
may "a Their be indication OF precocious short
interest and technical conditions could again be-
come the main source of strength buIlish
crop Influences.
NEW YORK PRODUCE MARKET
NEW YORK, June 27.-FIour, quiet.
York, firm; mess, S47.O0G $500.
Lard. firm; middle west spot, $25.30G25. 40.
Sugar-Raw, quiet; centrifugal. 96-test,
6oO5; refined. quiet; cut loaf, 900; crushed.
s.75: powdered. 765; graduated, $50
Coffee-Rio No. Z. on spot, SIC.
Tallow-Specials, 1712 q16}ic.
Hay, steady; No. 1, $1.35G14o; No. 3,
50 5O61O5O; clover, S7.50612.5O.
Dressed poultry, steady; fowls, 24@35c;
ducks, 35c.
Live poultry, unsettled; geese, lie; ducks.
3OQ3Sc; fowls. SOC; turEeys, CSC; ROSTERS.
2lc; chickens. broilers, 40Q50c.
Cheese. steady; state milk common to spe-
cials, 20H @24c; skins, common TO specials,
116rSc.
Butter. firmer; receipts, 1906; creamery, ex-
ira, 44Ac; do. special market, asa G45aic;
imitation creamery, firsts, 3664414c; creamery
on storage, Ssh G36c.
Eggs, steady; receipts, 49, 1914; nearby white
fancy, 5OGJ2c; nearby mixed fancy SfGS9c;
fresh firsts, S544oc.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1918-06-28
Seems Like the Skin Is on Fire.

There Is harassing discomfort
caused by Eczema that almost becomes
a torture The itching is almost IN
besrable. and the skin seems on fire
with the burning irritation. a cure
from local applications of salves and
Ointments is impossible. because such
treatment can only allay the pain tenn
porariIy. The disease can only Re
reached by going deep down to ats
source
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1918-06-28
{TSi0@ I%eTXf
WAc&AGzLASE1s
Only the Sane and Sensible Needed
g W gkrkliklaeSr /L.gletylOHDS9
ssiEssaEiSH SKI fSlfIU


In last weeks Saturday Evening Post
read a very plain spoken article re-
garding the inadaptability of very many
of the women who have gone across the
sea to do very many thingS-ideal move
ments that are simply impossible where
armies are going forward and then 60
ing backward. and vice versa, all the
time. The article was written in the
kindest spirit, but IL was all the same a
very forcible and fearless discussion of
the hindrances and perplexities which
grow out of having well-meaning peo-
pie very much in the way of the lead
ers, who are obliged to make everything
bend to the first business of the army
on the firing line. And that business Is
simply beating down a vigilant and very
INSCRIPTIONS foe. If it was possible
to keep the allied forces in solid pha-
lanx, constantly going forward and
never retreating, these well-meaning
idealists might carry out their schemes
without hindrance or opposition, but 1t
is a mans Job to fight the kaiser and
there is no time or place for the i'm
pedimenta which great many good.
well-meaning people are anxious to place
in position and carry on while the bat
ties are raging.
have been wondering for some time
how so many women managers couIo
carry on relief work when the dead and
wounded required all the time and at
tention that the army could possibly
bestow, and at a time when battle planes
were continually soaring overhead, to
discover and points out and signal to
German guns, where they could shell any
crowd that was thus in the way.
The danger part Of 1t was beyond
question and the commanders are quoted
very freely, without calling names, as to
these hindrances. The very goodness Of
these helpers made it embarrassing.
Their zeal was without knowledge. The
attacks and defenses are so perilous
that the very presence Of people who
must retreat when the army retreats
and whose work cannot be localized or
made permanent by the existing condi-
tions of blood and carnage.
OF course, help of all sorts is well
coined when the assistance can be sys-
tematized, but the battle front is not
the place where hospitals can be built
in an hour, or decorated or hung with
pictures as soon as they are being filled
with the wounded. The article in the
Saturday Evening Post is very illumi-
mating, well worth the reading.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1918-06-28
NE ORLEANS COTTON

NEW ORLEANS, June 27.-0yernight selling
orders caused drop Of 10 to 13 points in cot
ton prices in the first few minutes Of trading
today but fair amount of buying developed
on the continuation Of the drouth in Texas. At
the end of the first half hour of business the
new crop months were to points over yes
terday's close.
Moderate selling pressure developed, based on
hopes Of rain in the west and continued until
noon. when the active months were 81 to 40
points under tho last prices Of yesterday.
Offerings were less liberal after the noon
hour and the market made a small recovery,
standing 81 to 80 points down net at o'clock.
NEW ORLEANS COTTON
The following were the ruling prices in the
exchange today:
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1918-06-28
CONTINUED Next Issue)

published by special arrangement
with the Mcclure Newspaper Syndi-
cate. Copyright, 1918, by Brand
Whitlock, under the title Memories
OF Belgium Under the German Oc-
cupation." All rights reserved.
Copyrighted in Great Britain, Canada
and Australia. All rights reserved
for France, Belgium, Holland, Italy,
Spain, Russia and the Scandinavian
cnuntrieS.)
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1918-06-28
Can You Answer the Question:

Dear Mrs. FELTON,: I am Junior high
school girl and I receive much valuable
information from your columns in The
Atlanta Semi-Weekly Journal. Since the
war began 1 have often seen the express
sion 1.-THE seven seas" L find that there
are more than seven bodies Of water
bearing the appellAt:on o. sea and there
are only, five oceans. Please explain the
expression. Rcspec fully,
JAMIE HOLCOMBE.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1918-06-28

OOIIONoLLU U1L EAhhEI
NEW YORK, June 27.-The cotton seed oil
market closed quiet. Spot =; July, 20. rs;
August, 1880; September, POTS, asked. Sales,
200.
ATLANTA CoTToNsEED rkoDUCTs MARKET
JUNE
Crude oil, prime basis ,......... .17h .....
Cottonsecd meal, per cent am
monia .....................4I. A. 90 .....
Cottonseed meal, per cent
Georgia common point rate. Al so .....
Cottonseed hulls loose .......,.2 20. so u. so
COttonseed bulls, sacked ....:. % 90 $500
Lnters, clean mill run .....,... .04h .05
JULY
Crude oil, prime basis .......... .07h .....
Cottonseed meal, per cent
Georgia common point rate. AT. 80 ...s.
Cottonseed hulls. loose ..........20.5O 21.OO
Cottonseed hulls, sacked ........ 25 90 &c. 90
Linters, clean mill run ......... .04K .05
CoTToNSEED QUOTATIONS
Georgia common rate points. SIC. o0975.0O
Cottonseed Z. o.. b. Atlanta. $40. 000l rs. on
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1918-06-28
Cotton

NEW YORK, June 27.-General business was
comparatively quiet in the cotton market early
today, but there considerable trade buying
of early crop months, and the undertOne
steady. After opening l to 20 points high
cr, prices reacted several points after the CALL
with July selling off from 2S.2Oc 70 2S.02c, or
within points Of last nights close, while Oc-
tOher sold points net lower at 25.2lc. Rallies
followed, however, the demand from trade
sources continued, with October selling up to
25.44c and December at 25c, or Il TO 10 points
net higher.
The market turned easier following the publi-
cation of the western belt forecast and bedTish
private crop reports during the middle morning.
Selling also encouraged by the detailed
weather report showing showers or rain at
three points In central Texas. which has been
complaining of drouth. July sold off 20 2T.34c,
or 1G points net lower. while October broke to
2I.34c, 81 points under last nights close.
One of the private reports placed the condition
OF sac, against 1871 last month. and the other
made il S4.S, compared with T9S last month.
No fresh feature presented itself during the
early afternoon and trading was quiet, with
prices ruling around 1889 for July and % O3c
for October, about to % points net lower.
NEW YoRK COTTON
The following the ruling prices on the
exchange today:
Tone, steady; middling, s1.95c, quiet.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1918-06-28
Fayetteville, y. c., Rt. S.

Note wrote for n number OF pc
riodicals away back in the era here men,
toned 1 have been in charge Of Coun-
try Home column since 1899. On the
25th day Of August I will have rounded
up nineteen years of steady service for
The Semi-Weekly Journal. I am the
only one of the staff who began at the
beginning and have never lapsed.
MRS. FELTON,.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1918-06-28
A Comforting Letter

Mrs. w. II. FELTON,. Dear Madam:
Have just been reading your letter in
The Journal. I have been reading your
letters ever since l have been able 10
read. My earliest recollection of read
ing the papers back 80 years or more
and if my memory is not at fault you
at that time contributed articles each
week to the Southern Cultivator. ed
tied by Or. W. L. Jones, and 1 think a
man by the name of jeff Welborn wrote
articles each week on the cultivation
of cotton, and yourself and some man
in the north had for quite a while a
Think his name was Haw-
thorne. That has been long time and
the world has witnessed many changes,
but I learned to read largely by being
interested in your writing. Hope you
may live a long time and write many
more letters for the press.
ALBERT CLARK.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1918-06-28

Atlanta. steady. 31.35c.
New York, quiet, 91.S5c.
New Orleans, steady, S1e.
Augusta, steady, 31c.
Memphis, steady, soc.
Charleston, steady, 3o.5oc.
Montgomery, steady. soc.
Boston, steady, SOC.
Philadelphia, steady, 32.20c.
Norfolk, steady, 50c.
Galveston, steady, 30. Csc.
Mobile, steady, 30.05c.
Little Rock, steady, zoe.
Dallas, steady, 30.10c.
Savannah, steady, 81. 25c.
St. Louis, steady, 30. SOC.
Houston, steady, S1.T5c.
ATLANTA SPOT COTTON
AuanA spot COTTON '.....-........ -Sl.o9c
Sales ........................ 100
Receipts NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. Is!
Shipments ........................ CSC
Stocks NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. &c, 1856
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1918-06-28
Grain

CHICAGO. June c7.-Excessively high tenn
peratures in the southwest where cool wealth
cr was looked for had n bulish influence today
nthe market. Opening prices which
varied from unchanged figures TO Is higher
with July. S1.45 LM3t and August, S1.4SIa IN
3. were followed by material gains all around.
The close nervous, isc To sc net higher
with July $l.46l2 TO Sl.46ss and August $l.49
60 Lbs
Seaboard buying gave strength TO oats. Aft
er opening isG5s higher, with August 6S1s 90
*, the maret held firm near the upper side
of the initial range.
Provisions hardened with grain and hogs.
Trade, thought, was light
CHICAGO QUOTATIONS
The following were the ruling prices in the
exchange today:
Open. High. Low. Close. Close.
June ....... 1865 146E 1461s 1864 145h
July .... 1865 G146ll 147as' 1457s 1461a 14G7s
Aug. 14sI8 a14s7s 14015 14S9s 149s 14sh
OATS
June ............ Ts 7Sh 77% 1917 7T%
July ..... T2ss G72ss 70 729s 725s 72A
Aug. go. 6sA a6s1s 6sN 6s1s 6S's 07%
rURK-
July ........... s.45 AZ. As 43 % 4S.35 AZ. 25
Sept ....... 1880 1910 $50 43. 65 1850
LARD
July .......... q. So IS .65 1881 25.4o 25.47
Sept. ......... 25.72 IS so 1855 Is. go 25.67
RIBS
July .......... 2. IS 3 Al % 80 % IS % 80
Sept ........ % 81 "A .O5 1887 % 30 23.s
RECEIPTS IN CHICAGO
Today.
Wheat ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Il car
OaS ............s...s ''.....''.''.' 80 Nats
6oSS ...'--..-.....'.. - '&l'VV" Neou
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1918-06-28

NEW ORLEANS SPOT COTTON
NEW ORLEANS, June 27.-Spot cotton
steady and unchanged Sales the spot 52S
to arrive, 40. Low n1iddlns. IS. CSC: middling,
81 .0oc; good middling, 81 75c. Receipts. 2,413;
stock, 396, 6I5.
SPOT COTTON MASET
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-03-14
Minot Architect Lands Big Bottineau
Cnntpa~t


Geo. Bugenhagen, one of the promi-
nent Minot architects, was recently
engaged to prepare plans and specifi-
cations for a new school building to
be constructed in the city of Bottineau
to cost approximately $45,OOO, to re-
place the one destroyed by fire last
fall. Mr.. Bugenhagen will have sup
ervision of the construction which is
to be completed during the coming:
summer and this assures the board
that the job will be done right.
The lower story will contain large
gymnasium SO by 70 feet and seven
teen feet high, four class rooms, tot.
lets and lockers. The gymnasium will
have balcony which will seat LIE
people, and will be one of the best ar
ranged physical development quarters
in the state.
The upper story will have a large
assembly room which will seat ZEE
students, five class rooms, library
superintendent office and two teach
ers' rooms.
The building will be of pressed brick
and will be finished throughout In
hard wood The rooms are convent
emily arranged and we'll lighted.
The contract will probably be let
about May /, and it is the intention OF
the board to have the structure ready
for use at the beginning Of the school
term in the fall. -
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-03-14
COLUMBUS RED CROSS
WOMEN ARE ACTIVE
Special to The Independent:

Special to The Independent:
Columbus, N. D., March 12.-The
women of Columbus have been doing
great deal of work for the Red
Cross. Their last February shipment
comprised As hospital bed shirts; 26
sweaters; pairs knitted socks and
one pair Of wristlets. On March 8,
another shipment was made consist
ing Of the following: 80 hospital bed
shirts; FL sweaters; 2 pairs knitted
socks; / scarf; pairs wristlets; 30
napkins; 10 tray cloths; 8 wash cloths
and 20 handkerchiefs.
An average Of 40 women attend the
meetings every Friday afternoon. A
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-03-14

very active, we'll organized Junior Red
Cross Auxiliary is at work besides.
High school girls have made seven
sweaters during the last month while
members of the lower grades have
made large number Of the smaller
articles.
The following women are members
of these committees:
Cutting-Mesdames Walter, Rubin
and Grinnell.
Knitting Moore, Hagen
and Seger.
Supervising Mesdames Soderquist
and Geo. Keup.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-03-14
An illustrated Garden Lecture.

An illustrated lecture on gardening
will be given by H. o. Werner of the
North Dakota Experiment Station at
the Elks' Home Tuesday evening,
March 10, at 8 o'clock. Admission
free. Mr.. Werner has been giving
special attention to gardening. He
has set of slides illustrating the diff
ferent steps in gardening; selecting
the garden spot, preparing it, what
to plant, how and when to plant, how
to care for it, as well as the results
that can be expected from well
handled garden. Mr.. Werner will dis
cuss the backyard garden as we'll as
a full lot garden. Now is the time
when every available foot of ground
should be made to produce food.
Everyone should help feed himself
and one way to do this is by growing
a garden. Don't miss this illustrat-
ed lecture on gardening.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-03-14

with the End U. S. Engineers in
France. Fray is a Surrey boy and
one of the finest fellows in France"
Mr.. Morrell writes. Mr.. Morrell Is
subscribing for fifteen papers sent
to the young men fighting at the
front so he is doing his bit as far as
furnishing reading material is con-
cerned. "Some of the boys have writ
ten me since starting this scheme and
| wish you could see some of the nice
things they say to me-" he writes.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-03-14
Surrey Man Has Good Horses.

D. E. Benell, a prosperous Surrey
farmer, recently bought Hector, we'll
known stallion formerly owned by Col
onel Hecht, owned recently by Tow
nerite. Mr.. Benell has just refused
$500 for an eight-months-old colt sired
by Hector, the dam being an imported
mare. Mr.. Benell recently returned
from Williston where he attended tn,
big registered stock sale held by the
Yellowstone Valley Breeders Asso-
citation, where his stallion, Wilson,
brot the highest price at the sole. Mr..
Benell is specializing on fine stock
and it evidently pays.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-03-14

Col. John A. Ely Dies at Eighty-one
Col. John Ely, one of the pioneers
of North Dakota, passed away at is
home in Cando, N. D., the first Of last
week at the age Of 81 years. He came
to this state from Missouri in the
early eighties and located on a ranch
near Towner. He was once resident
of Minot, being one Of the early Of
ficials of the U. S. Landoffice Of this
city. Later he moved to Duluth where
he established the Ely-Salyards Grain
Commission Co. Besides his wife, he
leaves his aged wife, one son, Morgan
Ely of the state of Washington, and
two daughters.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-03-14
Surrey Red Cross Supper.

The Red Cross oyster supper It
Surrey has been changed to Friday,
March Is. This is advertised as the
biggest patriotic meeting of the year.
Supper will be served from five to
nine in the evening and the entertain
nent will be furnished by the Surrey
pupils. Auction sale of articles will
be held. Bring anything you have t.
donate. Supper and entertainment at
the school house.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-03-14
Proud to Fight for the Old U: s.

A. D. Hagenstein received an inter-
esting letter from B. z. Lyons, for
ner Minot tailor, who is in France
with the Expeditionary forces. He
speaks highly Of his army unit and
says the officers do all they can to
make it pleasant for the soldiers. He
says that tobacco and other necessi-
ties are cheaper with the soldiers than
in the states. The government stores
sell everything at cost. The letter
was written Feb. IA and he says the
weather was fine, there being no use
for overcoats. II am proud to be here
and fight for the best country On
EARTH" he writes.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-03-14

Subscribes for Is Newspapers.
o. O. Morrell, state secretary of the
North Dakota State Grange, writes
from Darlington, where he is visiting,
ordering the Independent sent to Ar
thur Ray Hardy Of Surrey, who is
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-03-14
Ash Posts For Sale

Ash Posts For Sale
I have on hand any amount Of No.
/ Ash Posts of good size for sale at
my place two miles northwest of Lo-
gan.-John Myers, Logan, N. D.
2-28-3t*
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-03-14
A Quarter Buys a
Thrift Stamp
TTISNOT MUCH TOINVEST

TT ISNOT MUCH TOINVEST
each day OF week. 1t starts you
on Thrift campaign Of your own.
Your pennies and quarters when
joined with other pennies and quar-
tiers become mighty weapon Of war
with which to back up our army.
If you haven't a Thrift card
get one today. Buy Thrift Stamps
and War Savings Certificates-buy
until it pinches. The investment
is safe. Uncle Sam is your security.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-03-14
san INFESTED today brings
back SIS in 5 years

Buy your Thrift Stamps here
or at any other authorized
Agency of the U. S. Treasury
Department.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1918-03-21

Tuck'S Easter cards and booklets- A
nice assortment to select from. The
Park Drug Store.-Adv. S-tf
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1918-03-21
Help in Buying Horses.

Editor OF The Reformer;-
The Boston WorkHorse Relief associa
ton. an incorporated charitable society
maintaining the annual work-horse parade
and a free hospital for horses, will be glad
to assist any person desiring to purchase
a horse in the city OF Boston. We have an
agreement with several leading dealers UNI
der which they agree to give a good bargain
to any person recommended by us and, in
case of any dispute arising from the sale,
to abide by our decision in the matter We
make no charge for this service, and re
ccivc no commission We require only that
the intending purchaser shall call at our
Office, ID Beacon street, Boston, and reg
ister his name and address, and shall bc
willing to pay minimum price for any
horse which he buys We fix minimum
price,-usually about $75 because we Dc
not wish to assist in the sale OF any horst
unfit for work
| This agreement has been in successful
| operation for some years, and has savet
many persons in different parts OF New
! England from being swindled by fraudu
| lent dealers We are permitted to refe
TO Wilfred Wheeler, secretary Of the AIassa
| chusctts state board Of agriculture, stat
house, Boston, and to the Hon Andrew j
| Peters, mayor of Boston
HENRY c. MERWIN,
| President
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1918-03-21
WEST BRATTLEBORO

Mrs. A. Wells Stowe. who has been
Ill two weeks is slowly improving.
Miss Marguerite Taylor is caring for
Ernest Aldrich, who is i'll with pneu-
monia.
The weekly prayer meeting of the
Congregational church will be held this
evening at 7.30 O'Clock at the parson
age.
Mrs. Luclla Lake, who had been
spending six weeks at Fred Marsh s,
went yesterday to Halifax to stay a
few weeks.
Ernest Hofsess, who is employed at
| the Brooks House, was admitted to the
Aelrose hospital yesterday to receive
medical treatment.
Mrs. Boyd and -year-old daugh-
ter of Wilmington are living with James
! II. LeRay. Mrs. Boyd formerly kept
house for Mr.. LcRav few years ago.
The Ladies' Aid society of the Bap-
tlst church are holding an all-day sew
ing meeting today with Mrs. |. N
! Compton. A Hoover dinner was served
at noon
4 Mrs. Charles Greenleaf Of Winchester
\. H., and Mrs. Henry Warren of Mari
boro, sisters Of the late Mrs. Emily
Goodenough, are picking OF Mrs. Good
nough s things. Jesse Squires, broth
er, of Brockton, also is there.
; Union service Sunday morning IN tn
Baptist church. Morning worship a
1870 with sermon by Rev. \. V Wood
worth. Subject, Christ as King. Ses
sious Of Sunday school at ll.45 as usual