davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1918-08-19
RAILROAD TINE TABLE
i '||||'!|||1 1'E||''I||

Time table effective Sunday Feb
ruary 10th.
No. II leaves MaysVills 5:aS q. m.
daily except Sunday.
No. . leaves Maysvills $40 D. m.
except Sunday.
No. 2Os leaves Maysville $40 p. m.
Sunday only.
No. 10 arrives in Maysvills s:46 q.
m.' daily except Sunday.
No. 21O arrives in Maysville 2:sS ,.
m, Sunday only.
No. 16 arrives in Maysville $40 D.
M, daily except Sunday.
H. 8. ELLIS, Agent
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1918-08-19
Two Fleming County
Farms For Sale

Mr.. George W. FOxWOrthy has list.
ed with US two very desirable farms.
Farm No. The home farm, where
Mr.. FOxWOrthy now resides 5 miles
East Of Flemingsburg, contains ll0
acres, and has on 1t good residence,
large stock barn, tobacco barn, TIVE
silOs and the usual Outbulldings found
ON Well-imprOVed farm; also an
abundance of fruit OF different var
Ieties. About so acres Of this farm is
In and the Hand is all In high state Of
cultivation.
Farm No. s-Contains 9SM acres,
adJOlns the town OF Mt Carmel, has
on It q new tobacco barn, and this
farm is also in good state Of cultiva-
tlOn. While there Is no heuse on this
land, there Is q nice homo close to the
farm that can be bought very reason.
able.
For particulars as 10 price, etc, see
the undersigned or Mr.. FoxWOrthy.
TAOS. [. EVAN & co
Maysville, Ky.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1918-08-19

Paragould, Ark.-Willis Deakin, a
Paragould boy, now serving with the
American force in France, writes
friends here of the conditions in that
country. "Most of the people here
are very poor, and some of the chill
dren beg. have seen small children
eating grass. If the people of Amer
lea could visit one French town they
would realize that they are having an
easy time and would help the French
more than they do"
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1918-08-19
GREAT DISPLAY
OF POULTRY AT
GERMANTOWN FAIR
Mason County Poultry Association
Planning Great Exhibit at Big
Mason and Bracken
County Fair.

The Mason County Poultry Associa-
ton is hoping to make the poultry eX-
hibit at the Germantown Fair this
year better than ever
The rules for exhibits and the
prizes offered follow:
1. All birds shall be judged by
comparison and by competent judge
according to the American Standard
of Perfection.
2. All entries must remain on en-
hibition until close of Fair.
8. All Poultry must be entered in
the name of the actual owner of same,
4. All protests from the Judges
decision must be filed in writing stat
ing the grounds for protest
5. Cockerel and Pullets are birds
Matched since January 1, 1918.
6. The Association will not be re-
sponsible for any loss or damage
whatsoever.
II. Competent attendant will be in
charge of poultry at all times who
will see that all poultry Is fed and
watered with feed supplied by exhibit
tor. This rule will be strictly adj
hered to.
8. The Association will issue a
pass to exhibitors who enter five or
more cooops either single or double.
9. An exhibition pen shall consist of
one male and four females. Young
and old birds shall not compete and
can not be shown together.
II. Entries will close at noon of
first day of Fair.
The following prizes will be paid in
all classes of poultry Standard or
Non-Standard varieties.
Singles
Glass of entry first prize. Ribbon
Glass of entries, first prize. IS 80
Glass of entries, first prize. 100
Second prize .................. 80
Pens
Glass of / pen, first prize. ..... Ribbon
Glass of s pens, first prize. 49,. $500
Second prize .............. sc
Bantams and Pigeons
Glass of l entry, first prize. :. Ribbon
Glass of 3 entries, first prize. IS sc
Miscellaneous Poultry
Bronze Turkeys ................$1.O LOO
White Holland Turkeys ........ LOT
: Emden Geese ..,..,,.......... Loo
Toulouse Geese ..,............. LOO
pekin Ducks ............. 1.OC
Indian Runner ................. 1.OC
White Crested .............. 1.OI
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1918-08-19
w. ], McADOO,
Director General of Railroads

To make kitchen stove help warm
the room in which 1t is used a metal
cover that radiates the heat evenly
has been patented.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1918-08-19

The determination of all flies is the
aim of two British physicians who
are experimenting with a parasite
that kills the insects.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1918-08-19
Chesapeake & Ohio Ry.

Schedule subject to enanqS without notice
Effective Sunday May 2sth.
East Bound
No. 8 will arrive 9:4s q. m
No, 2 will arrive 1850 D. m.
No. Is will arrive S:26 D. m.
No. 4 Will arrive $40 p. m.
No. 16 departs 200 D. m.
West Bound
No. 10 will depart 6:25 q. m.
No. 8 will depart TOO q. m.
No. II will arrive 10000 q. m.
No. 8 will depart $40 D. m.
No. z will depart 1850 D. m.
Trains No. 16. II. IS and 10 are
Iaily' except Sunday.
w. W WIKoFF, Agent.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1918-08-19

The mountaineering process has
been applied with specially designed
apparatus to removing SCOT and dirt
from boiler tubes.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1918-08-19
This is Time to Conserve

Forethought applied TO your TELE.
PHONE orders will not only aid your
merchant but will better telephone
service.
Why not place your order in the af.
ternoon, to be delivered the following
morning.
II this is observed:
Your orders will receive more care.
full attention from business houses II
the days activities can be planned the
day before.
Your telephone service will be Inn.
proved since the afternoon service is
less hampered by rush periods than In
the morning.
FORETHOUGHT WILL CONSERVE
TINE.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15
FIRST OF
GOVERNMENT FILMS

The Committee on Public Information.
made an innovation in Government pub
licity by presenting in first-class thea
tres the first Official United States Gov
ernment Aim, 'Pershing's Crusaders
Charles s. Hart, director OF the diyis-
ion Of Aims. now announces that after
engagements In leading regular theatres
Of the United states, "PershinE's CRU
saders" will be released to picture
houses by the first National Exhibitors
Circuit. Inc.
The contract for national distribution
was awarded to this company because
Of its widespread facilities.
The sole reason for the exLstencs OF OF
war ard "Pershing's. Crusaders' has
and will be Of valuable assistance In
S...nu,aung recruiting, Liberty Loans
and Thrift drives. a.,
The division Of films will release
other features from time to time. Ths
next picture will deal entirely with
United States Military activities IN
France and will be shown in the large
cities some time in July. After. beins
exhibited under the auspices ot tns
Government. 1t will be released through
a national motion picture distributor.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15
JOSEPHINE VICTOR
IN JOAN OF ARC PLAY

Josephine Victor. who Is to be pre-
sented in a new drama by Max MARGIN
next season. is taking a brief tour in
vaudeville. playing the role of Joan OF
Arc in new war playlet called, Maid
Of France" written by Harold Brig
house. author OF "Hobson's Choice" The
piece will be the feature attraction
of the bill at b. F. Keith's Theatre next
week.
Miss Victor's devotion to the art OF
acting dates from her early girlhood
While at school she won free scho lar
ship at the Wheatcroft School OF Acting
Her first professional engagement was
with Howard Kyle, who was preparing
a starring tour in Nathan Hale and
remained with him for two seasons. She
was next with Kathryn Osterman and
later was given the position of general
underStudy in Bertha kalich's company
in THE KreutZer Sonata" season IN
summer stock followed. after which she
made her New York debut in the leading
role In '"rhe Secret orchard"
other engagements OF note were. with
Wilton Lackay in The Battle: with
Thomas Jefferson In ''The Other Fellow
with Maude Adams In two different pro
ductions; in THE Yellow Ticket" in the
all-star revival of "A Celebrated Case.
play, Just a Woman" Last season she
appeared In a play by Thomas Buchanan
and was then placed under contract by
Mr.. Cort to appear in a new drama next
season. Her appearances as Joan OF
Arc are partly the result OF lifelong
interest in and study Of that inspiring
human symbol Of patriotism.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15
FOUR STAGES USED
IN ''CHU CHIN CHOW"
Miniature Extra Settings in
Oriental Fantasy Suggest
Screen ''Close.Ups''

Stage carpenters who are now con-
structing the stage of the new Shubert
Theatre, on South Broad street, will
probably be surprised to learn that when
they have completed the theatre their
work back stage will be only one-Quarter
finished So far as the opening attraction
is concerned. This opening attraction
will be the Oriental extravaganza. "Chu
Chin Chow" and It comes TO the Shubert
Theatre on Monday night. August 26.
Four stages are necessary for the proper
presentation of the piece, and. since the
Shubert Theatre has only one stage, the
company will bring three extra stages
with 1t.
"Chu Chin Chow" is In fourteen scenes.
and SO rapidly are some of the scenes
changed that Messrs. William Elliott.
F. Ray Comstock and Morris Gest, pro-
ducers and managers. have adopted the
scheme employed In London by Oscar
Asche to have three extra stages on
rollers. which are kept in the wings.
operated by electric motors and driven
down stage only when needed to replace
another scene. These three stages are
kept In the wings and are used for the
smaller scenes OF "Chu Chin Chow" each
stage being completely equipped with
scenery. footlights. wings and flies" The
small scenes alternate with the big
scenes, and in this way II is possible to
he changing the setting OF "A small stage
in the wings while bis scene Is being
played.
One of the unique features Of "Chu
Chin Chow is that these small scenes
are shown through a separate opening
of the black drop curtain. two shutters
sliding back like the shutters OF a camera
and disclosing the miniature setting.
which is on a stage about two feet above
the ordinary stage level These smaller
stages are worked by electric motors.
as they are too heavy for stage hands
to manipulate. This invention Of the
small stages on wheels to alternate with
the big settings. In one way. may be
described Is Closeup" patterned after
the movie closeup.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15
EXCELLENT CAST IN
PICKFORD PICTURE

Mary Pickford is surrounded by an ex-
csptlonally capable cast In How Could
You, JeanT' her new Aircraft produc-
ton which Is classed as a comedy
drama" with the accent on the comedy.
Spottiswoods Aitken, who played in
many early Griffith productions, includ-
ing "The Birth Of a Nation" In which
he was DR.. Cameron, and Herbert
Standing. who has appeared in dozens OF
Paramount and Aircraft photoplays
have excellent parts. Casson Ferguson
plays the leading juvenile role.
Faahy Midsley. for long time n
mother" at the lnce studios: Larry
Peyton. the cowardly Gaspard OF
Becky Of The Little Princess" are
also In the list Of supporting players
Then there Is a crowd of children, in
cludine Wesley Barry. the scrappins
kid of "Amarilly Of CIotbesllne Alley
How Could You. Jean?" will be pre-
scented at the Stanley Theatre next
week.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15
GIFTED ARTISTS IN
OPERATE FESTIVAL
Summer Troupe, With Easton,
Teyte, Maclennan Coming
to the Academy

An attractive repertoire of standard
works is announced for the openjne
week Of the Grand Opera Musical Fes-
tival at the Academy Of Music, BEGIN
ming on Monday evening. The engage
ment will continue for fortnight, with
matinees on Wednesday and Saturday.
Harry Davis, Of Pittsburgh, presents the
organization.
Inc opening opera will be Verdi's "Il
iroVatore,' with Florence Easton sing
ing the role of Leonora, while Alice
uentle Will be heard in the character OF
Azucena. Viola Robertson will be the
mes andre Arensen. new Russian
tenor. will be heard for the first time
in Philadelphia as Manrico, Carl Formes
VIII De the Count di Luna and Henri
scott the Fernando, Octave Qua will be
Ruiz the soldier in Manrco's service,
josiah EURO will conduct.
fuccinis Madame Butterfly" will he
sung tuesday night, with Maggie Teyte
IN the name part. Pinkerton will be
Ricardo Martin. Suzuki will be Viola
Robertson and Sharpless, the United
states consul at Nagasak. will be Au-
gustus Bouilliez. The marriage broker
'ioro VIII be enacted by Octave Qua. and
the Bonze will be taken by Desire De-
frere. Prince Yamador. suitor for the
hand and heart of Cho- Cho- San. will be
sung by Antonio Ardurino. Romauldo
| Sapio will conduct
The Wednesday matinee finds the
double bill of Mascagni's "Cavalleria
husticana' and Leoncavallo's two-act
Il Pagliacci" Miss Easton will be
heard as Santubba in the Mascagni
work. while Francis Macennan will be
the Turiddo. Others in this cast will be
VIOLA Robertson. Anna Corenti and Carl
formes. The Media of "Pagliacci" will
be sung by Dora de Philippe and the
Canio Will he taken by Arensen. Formes.
| Defrere and Qua will have. respectively,
the roles of Tonic. Beppo and Silvio.
Sapio will again conduct.
The Tales of Hoffman" will be sung
in French on Wednesday night, with
Teyte In the dual roles Of Giulietta and
Antonio. while Dolly Olympia will
be sung by Ruth Miller. one of the
| younger prima donnas Of the Metropoli-
! tan Opera Company. Elizabeth Camp
bell will be the Nicklaus. This opera
| serves to introduce Orville Harold in
the role of the poet Hoffman. while the
triple exacting character roles of Cop
| pelius. Dapertutto and Miracle will be
enacted by Augustus Bouilliez Henri
|
| teresting characters of this fantastic
| work will be taken by Defrere Qua,
| Delmo and Meyers. EURO will direct the
| orchestra.
Thursday night brings Bibet's Car
men," with Alice Gentle in the titular
role Her associate artists will be De
| Philippe. Robertson, Andrews. Martin,
Scott, Defrere and Qua. with EURO again
welding the baton. Flotow's Martha"
in English will be Friday nights offer
ing The artists appearing in the lead
ing roles will be Teyte, Campbell. Har-
rold, Scott. Formes and Meyers, with
| Sapio conducting.
The Saturday matinee finds repe-
tition of Puccini's Madame Butterfly"
with the same cast as the premiere
presentation of Tuesday evening. while
the closing bill of the first week will be
repetition Of Verdi's I'll Trovatore,"
with the opening nights cast
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15

Gus Edwards, but few people. svoo
among the best informed in the inauos
try. connected her name with the re-
Gently published rumor that the Famous
Players-Lasky Corporation was about
to announce young star of talent ana
charm. The child was discovered" BY
Mr.. Edwards some eight year ago, when
he was preparing to put on the first
Riddle" Chow In vaudeville. A certain
son. Look out for Jimmy VALENTINO"
demanded a cute tot to properly express
the humor of 1t and after a long search
Mr.. Edwards finally found "Cuddleg"
Lee. playing in a street of Union Hills
n. j.. where the act was to open. The
consent OF her parents was obtainee
and "Cuddles.' at three. ran away with
the show" From that day she has been
one OF the chief attractions wherever
the Gus Edwards pieces have been pro-
duced. W
Miss Lee is now in New York, but
will leave for Hollywood, Cal, shortly
to start work on her first picture.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15
Manager Buhler Honored

Men prominent In amusement circies
I'm this city as managers and other ex-
ecutives Of the Stanley Company
and the Central Market street dsrirn SSmpSIhy SIn,
a dinner TO mark his elevation OF man
aging director of all the theatres unasr
control Of the two companies. recently
announced by Jules 2; Mss,DauT nanS s pfss ~.
tivities started at midnight on Wednss'
day at the Hotel Bingham. Aps =. Elm
stein acted as tosstmasisri ssief a.. az.
havw nrssident of the Stanley Com
ps; pany; Ri BOYD. Abe sablesky, John Nc,
GuIrk and Lew sablosky, Whmamf
Goidenberg presented Mr.. Buhier win
a silver loving cup.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15

becomes manager of the Victoria Thea
tre. Mr. Thomson is "A former vaude-
VILE actor and played on the big-time
circuits, lie is also experienced in the
managerial end OF the theatrical busi-
ness.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15

Charles Thompson has been appointed
resident manager OF the Cross Keys
Theatre, succeeding Edgar Wolf. who
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15
Memorial to Stanley M.s,bsum

The Stanley v, Mastbsum Msmoris
Building, on the grounds OF .ns paslS
be formaily dedicated on June -. Prom
inent Hgures in motion picture and the
atricai Circles will attend the exercises
features Of which will be addresses BY
Judge John II: Patterson, Kanni Eme!cn Z
a musical program. with Lillian Herlsin
as the soprsno soioist, Fun4s for ths
new structure were raised by M Mast'
baum's friendt. represented py com'
mittse csmpossd Of L2krsnce 2; .seffs
~ sekissLsy ssd 9. ]. 0liS5li -
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15
"Unbeliever" for Nixon.NirdIinger

for the theatres under his management,
'The Unbeliever." the patriotic war Aim
which was presented at the Metropolitan n
Opera House for one performances in
aid of the United States marines. This
Aim carries with 1t the Endorsement of
the United States Government. The
marines who took an active part In the
scenes are now in France on the battle
front. The picture was made under the
personal direction Of Major A. s. Nc
Lemore. assistant adjutant OF the ma :
rine corps. "The Unbeliever" will have
its first West Philadelphia showing at
the Nixon.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15
Musical Features at Woodside

In keeping with the policy inaugurated
at the beginning of this season. the man
agement of Woodslde Park has intro
duced another high-class singer to the
artist to make her appearance at this pop
uiar amusement resort Is Marie Laurent.
She IL said to possess q lyric soprano
voice of appealing quality, as well as
volume. attributes not usually found In
q soprano singer who faces the difficult
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15
CUDDLES TO BID FOR
PHOTOPLAY FAME
Former Gus Edwards's "Kid.
die" Will BE Starred as
Lila Lee

The screen has had it's child players.
OF varying ability. but It has fallen to
the lot of ourteen-year-old Lila Lee to
be announced as veritable find" for
the screen. and she Is promised a
national exploitation in photoplays.
Little Miss Lee. known to the theatre
going public as "Cuddles." has been
prominently identified for the past eight
years with the vaudeville attractions Of
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15
THEATRICAL INDICATOR
FOR THE COMING WEEK
Summer SongbHds in Notable Repertory of Standard
Grand Operas-League Island Boys Haze Musical
Comedy-Photoplay Nouelties
NEW ATTRACTIONS

ACADEMY OF festival
matinee Cavaeria Ruscana and II Paacc "Wednesday night
Carmen;
DROAD"Of o
a
Thursday and Friday nights and twice Saturday
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-06-15
Dorothy Cish Attends Griffith Film

& Dorothy Gish. who is seen as The
Little Distcrber in the David w. Grif-
[<h picture, Hearts of the World" at
{he Garrick Theatre, paid visit to
Xbiiadelphia yesterday She attended
H. matinee and evening performances at
fhe Garrick and was introduced to the
audience. Miss Gish has fund of REM
loIocepces Of the battlefelds of France
18th Grifiith. her sister Lillian. Rob-
arron and others of the cast, she
3mAny months near the front while
lcture was In the making. Miss
it Wns Announced recently. u soon
~ > oln etar n her Own right
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-10-16
"sentence of Impartial Judge"

PARIS, October 16.-Enthusiastic
approval is given President Wilson's
reply to Germany by the morning
and stAnch loyalty no longer permit
the Germans to compromise with .de-
feat. It adds that it puts the question
io6 German morality with singular
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-10-16
MORE FIGHTERS NEEDED
TO CHECK FOREST FIRES
Officials Meet Today to Discuss
Methods of Restoring Burned
Sections of Minnesota.

ST. PAUL. MINI, October 16.-The
state adjutant generals Office here
received a telephone message early
today from Col. H. A. Bellows of the
home guards at Lawler. Mimi, ask
ing for additional help to combat the
forest fires in that vicinity. More
home guardsmen were sent there as
soon as possible. it was announced.
Steps to provide funds for reha-
bilitating sections of northeastern
Minnesota destroyed by the forest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-10-16

fires were to be taken at a general
conference of state officials at Moose
Lake today. Members Of the state
public safety commission, the state
relief committee and the state ca
lamity board met with Gov. Burn
quist and Adjutant General Rhinow
to discuss the situation and outline
a general plan of relief for the ire
sufferers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-10-16
FOUND TO BE IMPRACTICAL.
No More Commissions Issued to
LAWYERS Through Application.

Selection of lawyers to be commits
stoned for the judge advocate gen
erals department through applica-
ton has proved to be impractical and
has been abandoned. Hereafter COM
missions will be granted in limited
numbers only after investigation
through professional sources of the
records of men believed to be fitted
for military work.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-10-16
HARD HITTING AlNERICANNOTE
PROCLAlMS DAY OF NEMESIS,
SAYS LONDON; STIRS FRANCE

force. and that is the question which
divides the world.
The President, the Petit Partisan
says, seeks to prepare the separation
of the German nation from its present
rulers and if he succeeds, Pruss1an
militarism will be dead.
The Petit Journal says it is the
sentence of a supreme, impartial ana
honorable judge that President Wilson
has just pronounced, and his sentence
renders justice to Germany.
"straight Blow" Says Paris.
PARIS, October ia straight
blow" is the caption of an article by
Jean Herbette, foreign editor of the
Temps, today, dealing with President
Wilson's latest reply to Germany,
which he finds not only satisfactory
| in every sense. but says will be re-
ceived in France with gratitude for
| the manner in which it stigmatizes
Germany's crimes.
| After President Wilson's first reply
| to Germany, the editorial begins. Ger
| man official representatives rejoiced
that the conversation could contlnne.
1t is doubtful now, the article con-
tinues if they rejoice at having
opened the conversation.
THE government at Berlin is now
obliged to allow the reply to appear
/ lii every newspaper IN Germany,
says the editorial. ct will not con-
| solidate Chancellor Maximilian's
position. weakened by his unfortunate
letter, nor Vice Chancellor Won Pay
er's. who made the annexationist
speech, nor DIR. Soils German for
eign secretary, who was secretary
OF state when Belgium was occupied.
1t viii not consolidate the author
lty OF the Prussian staff nor the per-
sonal prestige of the kaiser, nor the
popularity of the dynasty or imperial
regime. The directors of Germany
sought public debate. They have it.
The first result is that they appear in
the eyes of their people. gasping for
peace. as the principal obstacles to
Ipeace"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-10-16
$3.50 Black Broadcloth c

Small lot splendid. quality
Black Cloth Coats. warm
weather weights; lined
throughout and ready made
with all around belts: side
slash pockets and high-low
collars.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-10-16

Serge, poplin and gabar-
dine suits, in neat, fashion,
able .mannish tailor-made
models or fringe and silk
braid trimmed styles. Also
popular pleated or panel
style suits, in women's and