davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13
FertiKizing Peach Trees

Farmers Bulletin 917 of the United States department of agriculture treats of growing peaches. and among the things said under the discussion of the use Of fertilizers are the following
 Tn maintaining soils in a highly pro- ductive condition it is important to learn what factors are limiting the perform ance of the orchard. The limiting factor may be an insufficient supply of some kind of plant food, improper physical con dition. as when they are greatly lacking in humus, or poor drainage, or it may be something else. The real problem IS to determine what the trouble is and then apply the proper remedy, if it be known."
 The author says that the particular kind of fertilizer suited to the orchard should be determined by carrying on ex- periments. It is doubtful, however, if his method will appeal to the orchardist who, in order to determine the effect of certain incomplete fertilizers would have to observe the growth of the tree, it's productiveness, regularity in bearing pericl of five or six years to reach con- clusions. This would be too late to cor rect faults in fertilizing his orchard. 1 The recommendations of the author are not so likely to appeal to the common sense of the orchardist as much as giv- ing the trees a balanced ration of plant food of the standard sort, certainly until scientists like MT Gould (the author of the bul1etin) have demonstrated that something else is better.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13

Aberdeen-Angus steers from Ala bama set a new record for southern cattle on the East St. Louis market recently. when 21 head from the Me Queen-Smith plantation, near Mout- gomery, sold for s15.60 per hundred- weight. The steers sold are the re- suit of some of the good Aberdeen Angus bulls sold in the south during the past year by the American Aber- deen-Angus Breeders association in cooperation with the United States government in getting the south into live stock to offset the ravages of the holl weevil on the cotton crop. These steers were all without horns, show ing the prepotency of the Aberdeen Angus bulls in dehorning all their calves without the use of saw. They were also practically solid black Tn color. and. of course. of that thick, beefy conformation that the packer buyers pay a premium for.
 MT Smith, president of the planta- ton company, states they began feed ing cattle three years ago when the boil weevil drove them to diversity their cotton growing plans. He first bought an Angus bull at sale in Montgomery several years ago. The ninth silo is now being built and cat tie feeding is to hold an important place in future work on this cotton plantation. When questioned as to why he feeds Aberdeen- Angus, Mir. Smith stated that this breed seemed especially suited to southern condi- tions, readily fattened early for mar ket and when at the market was first bought by the packer and for high CT price than other kinds. He cited
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13

the winnings of the Angus at the worlds greatest steer show, the Inter- national at Chicago, where steers ot this breed have won the grand cham pionship for fat carcasses over all breeds 15 out of 16 times in the entire history of the show. As the carcass classes are judged first on the hoof and then on the block after slaughter. there is no chance for breed to cam ouflage, as the packer judges place them where they belong on merit alone.
 My section of Alabama is not the only part of the south where cattle feeding will pay and should be imme- diately put into the farming section," said MT. Smith. Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana Arkansas. the Carolinas and Georgia are at least equal to this for opportunity with cattle in our cot ton growing systems. Tennessee, K en- lucky and Virginia and West Virginia have better cattle to start with. Mr. Hurdle of Mississippi has topped he St. Louis market with southern bred Angus steers for three years now and he has a big cotton plantation. We need tens of thousands of pure bred Angus bulls to cross on the native farmers cattle to immediately double the value of all the calves dropped. Then we can begin grading up this stock and introducing pure breds on a scale that will mean mil lions upon millions of more dollars for the south It will remove chance and with the building up of our mar kets and the driving out of the cattle tick. put our farming on a sound and paying basis that will increase from year to year.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13

ures for the state are more than double the crop of last year and nearly seven times the ten-year average, while the United States figures represent an in crease over last year of about IA OoO. .0Oo tens
 A slight increase in the acreage of clover and alfalfa in the United States and the condition of both is above the average, both for the country at large and for Alabama
 Pastures-The condition figure for pas- lures was 90 for Alabama and 92.5 for the United States, both we'll above the average for this time of year. The condition of field peas and beans was well above the average in both the lmted States and Alabama. showing a prospect of excellent production consid- erahly in excess of former years.
 S&ppage and onions both show ex- tremcly fiattering prospects.
 The condition of apples and peaches Tn Alabama is about 20 points above inc average for tc nyears apples in tha united States being above the average py slight margin, but the prospect for peaches in the United States is below tha average by several points.
 Berries and melons in Alabama show prospect well above the average. and for the United States the probable crops of each is very flattering
 The following farm values of principal commodities are shown for Alabama. Wheat. 24; corn, $1.s5. oats, Sill: po- tatoes. s1.3 per bushel; hay, s23 Der ton: cotton, 2s2c per pound and eggs 27c per dozen. These prices, except for oats and cotton, are lower than one year ago, but much higher than the ten-year average.
 The crop season in Alabama so far has been favorable, excepting the effect of cool nights on cotton and corn. Work has progressed remarkably, considering the shortage of labor, and general spirit of optimism prevails among farm CTS. which at this time is worth much.
 F. w. CYST Field Apant
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13
Wool Used in March

Manufacturers in the United States used more wool in March than in Jam uary or February of this year, accord- ing to the monthly wool consumption report issued recently by the bureau of markets United States department of agriculture. The report shows total of about T,900,000 pounds of wool, grease equivalent, consumed in March, com pared to 6S,7oo000 pounds in February and 65, 100000 pounds in January 1918:
 Stocks of wool consumed in March by classes were: Grease wool, 43,949, io2 pounds; secured, 12,207,643 and pulled, 2,720,000 Consumption by states for all classes of wool were: Massachusetts,. 25 694,673 pounds; Pennsylvania, 7,29S,9 Rhode Island 7,117777; New Jersey, 6,S95.- 7o4; New York, S,239, ,346; New Hampshire, 2,046, ,424; Connecticut, 1,SsoS03; Ohio, 1,365,- 947, and Maine, 1,O2S,s4s. All other states reported a total of 2Sl7,140 pounds con sumed. These state totals, it is pointed out. represent an increase in each case over the state totals for February, 1918.
 Reports were received from 5S2 mana- facturers out of total of 590 57 report ing on wool consumed in March, while one report was received too late to be included in the report.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13
FIFTY-FIFTY BREADS

These recipes are all 50-50 breads-5o per cent wheat flour and the other % per cent flour substitute and potato. The recipes as given will make one IS to 19-ounce loaf Increase according to number of loaves desired.
 Make a sponge of the liquid. syrup yeast. mashed potato and enough of the flour substitute to make a batter. Allow to rise until light (about one hour) and then add the salt. fat and remainder of the substitute and flour. These doughs must be much stiffer than ordinary bread dough. Knead thoroughly and allow to rise until double in bulk. Knead, mold into loaves and when double in bulk bake 50 minutes to l hour Begin in a hot oven. After 15 to 20 minutes lower the temperature to that of a moderate oven and finish baking
 If dry yeast is used, make the sponge with 5s to 14 cake for each loaf and allow it to rise over night. If liquid yeast is preferred, substitute f cup for 15 cake of the compressed yeast and re- duce the liquid in the recipe to r cup.
 Ground Rolled Oat Bread-One-h half cup liquid, 1 tablespoon syrup, 1 teaspoon fat, X cake compressed yeast tea spoon salt IF cups wheat flour, cup ground oats % cup mashed potato
 Cornmeal Bread-One half cup liquid. 1 tablespoon syrup, 1 teaspoon fat, + cake compressed yeast 1 teaspoon salt, 1S4 cups wheat flour, 1 cup cornmeal, at cup mashed potato
 Rice Flour Bread-One-half cup liquid. tablespoon syrup, teaspoon fat, F cake compressed yeast, teaspoon salt, IF cups wheat flour l cup rice flour, A cup mashed potato
 Buckwheat Bread-Ore-half cup liquid, i tablespoon syrup, 1 teaspoon fat h cake compressed yeast, 1 teaspoon salt 1z cups wheat flour, cup buckwheat x cup mashed pototo.
 Barley Bread-One-half cup liquid, tablespoon syrup teaspoon fat, F cake compressed yeast, 1 teaspoon salt, IF cups wheat flour, 2-s cups barley flour, A cup mashed potato
 Corn Flour Bread-One-half cup liquid, 1 tablespoon syrup, teaspoon fat, # cake compressed yeast, 1 teaspoon salt, 23 cups wheat flour, IA cups corn flour, 4 cup mashed potato.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13
Degenerate Peruvian Indians

Clayton Sedgwick Cooper. in The Chris tian Herald.
 The brown faces of the Indians who follow their llamas through the dusty streets of Cuzco give food for thought They are dark, sorrowful soinber faces
 and reflect the unspeakable tragedies
 that the last four centuries have wrought upon the natures of a once noble race of
 men. These people who efface, themselves in the presence of the white man, turn ing out to give him space as a pariah
 might make wide circle around a Brah- man in India: these men who work for 20 cents day or are impressed for long periods of labor for the price of the coca leaves and alcohol that the land- owner or the gangster may give them II these tilers of the soil and keepers of
 sheep and alpacas on the cold windy slopes of the pampas, where white men cannot live dwelling in vermin infested huts that are breeding places of typhus and dozen deadly forms of destruction seeing even about Cuzco 90 per cent of their children die before they are years of age; these are the sad descendants of those 100000 Incas who inhabited Cuzco when Pizarro came to loot and to kill, anl Ito carry away out of the Cuzco temple alone $100, 0,OOo,0 900 in gold treasure. giving in return a destiny of labor and slavery.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13

in the north, just as the spring seasor is earlier in the south.
 Small grain production in the south is not so great as to make car short age a problem to face as with the spring movements.
 The necessity for ordering fertilizers early for fall use in the south arises from two main causes:
 1. To prepare for the farmers re- Iquirements.
 2. The necessity for consolidating orders into full car load shipments The distribution of fertilizer ma lterials, as between munition plants and fertilizer factories requires fail knowledge of what the farmers need A late order for fall fertilizers on the part of the southern farmer, will run a greater risk of not being filled this year than ever before
 It is indeed very important that the fertilizer manufacturers know far in advance as possible, what the require ments of southern farmers will be- in order to obtain or reserve sufficient materials.
 It is we'll known to the fertilizer trade that shipments are made durine ,the summer season from southern plants to northern and western terri tory The demand in those regions is earlier than in the south because the
 seeding time is from 30 days to 60 days earlier. The demand from that quarter is greater than ever and the orders earlier than usual, ORDER IN TIME Therefore, it is imperative that the requirements for southern farmers should be made known in the form ot orders in time to admit of fair allo- cation of such fertilizer materials as are available. to southern farmers. Then there is the necessity for full carload shipments in pursuance of the government policy of getting maximum car efficiency. The very fact that the south is not a large grain producine region makes it more necessary tc have orders from farmers very early to make the required consolidated shipments.
 A danger of the farmer becoming SC alarmed about his future fertilizer shipments as to order this summer for his next spring requirements is, ol course, to be avoided. A farmer should not receive fertilizers this fall who does not afford evidence that he is to use it under his fall sown grain. for small grain is badly needed by the country. and there are not fertilizers available this year to supply the small
 grain requirements.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13
Infertile Eggs

"An effort is being made to pro- duce infertile eggs throughout Ala bama" says Ira G. Shellabarger poul- try husbandman. "These keep much longer than fertile ones, and may be secured if the rooster is disposed cf. He has no influence whatever upon the number of eggs produced. de- spits the fact that many believe him to be necessary with a flock of hens in order that they may produce the maximum number of eggs.
 The appeal is made that all roost- CTS be sold by June 30 To do this is both patriotic and profitable is patriotic because it will result in few CT spoiled eggs, and therefore, more food. which is so badly needed by the whole world. It will be profitable both because of more first-class eggs. and because of reducing the amount of high priced feed used.
 we are all anxious to do our ;art in food production. and nothing better can be done in the poultry industry than preventing loss and waste of eggs by disposing of or confinins all roosters before June 30 Induce the neighbors to join in this crusade against MT. Rooster, and help bring the poultry industry of Alabama to a higher level"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13
When to Wean Pigs

Opinion and practices differ as to how long to leave pigs with the sow. Weaning at four weeks of age usually is not good practice. If not actually cruel. the change is too sudden for pest results
 Two filters a year may be had tf the pigs are encouraged to eat whflc still nursing, as already suggested, and if they are not weaned until six to eight weeks of age. This probably .S the better practice.
 When pigs are left with the SOW for a period as long as from 10 to 12 weeks she practically weans them herself and two filters are impossible. This may he desirable plan when fancy or show hogs are desired: but the present emer- gency calls for two filters. even though the SOW thereby requires closer atten-l tion.
 When weaning takes place, the sow should be returned to the pigs two or three times so that the udders may be milked out.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13
Boys Marching Forward

Alabama has one army of approximate ly 25,000, the object of which is not de- struction This army is the Boys clubs, supervised by Messrs, l.. N. Duncan, J. c. Ford E. Newman and P. O. Davis of the junior and home economics division of the extension service. The county agents. the superintendents of education teachers and others are the county and local leaders.
 These clubs are now organized in every county in the state, and on June 6 the total enrolment was 2, ,215, divided as fol- lows: Community club members, 225; corn club members, 3269; peanut club members, 1424 pig club members, 69S0; calf club members, 564; and others en- gagged in growing small gardens and in various other activities 10,979. All of these are formal members of the clubs, and carry out the work as outlined by the leaders. It must be remembered that this gives only the number of boys enrolled in club work and does not in- clude the girls and women
 With food production so tremendously important as it is now. one can easily see the immense value of the clubs. Out side of the educational value they are very valuable from the standpoint oi increased food production The average corn club boy produces from 50 to 10i per cent or more corn than is produced by the average farmer in his communi ty This is true of the members of the other clubs.
 Now that every effort possible is be ing made to increase the food produc. ton in the state these figures with ref erence to the number of club members should be both interesting and encour- aging It means more food better farm CTS better citizens and better communi- ties in which to live.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13
Profit on Twelve Sows

An Iowa man who made a profit of $1,171S5 from 12 pure-bred sows of only average breeding and individu- ality, gave as reasons for the above achievement the following:
 Books were kept on the herd and an accurate record made of all items of cost.
 Of the S4 pigs farrowed, 79 were raised to maturity.
 From the time the pigs were far rowed until sold they were fed shorts, oil meal and tankage in slop,
 They had five acres of bluegrass pasture.
 The entire herd was immunized in July.
 A first-class pure bred boar was used on the sows.
 The hogs were fed for growth so as to be large and vigorous in the fall.
 They were fed all they would eat three times day.
 They were sprayed number of times during the summer for lice and fresh water was kept on hand at all times.
 trade was built up among the |neighbors.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13
How About a Cane Patch?

A renewal of the old-time custom ot every farmer raising a patch of cane IS being urged this year. Every farmer should plant patch, even though 1t be small. Cane can often be grown on land that is unproductive for other crops An old lot plowed up and sowed to cane will produce enough to make a years supply of sorghum for the ordi- nary family. Sorghum is not only good as common table molasses, but it makes the most wholesome kind of candy for the childrden. The raising of sorghum for commercial purposes is quite profita- ble. Seed from cane makes a good chick en feed The use of sorghum will do much toward conserving the supply of sugar.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13
SMALL GRAIN FOR THE SOUTH

It would seem that the prospects are excellent for large increase in small grain acreage in the south this year, for the following reasons;
 l. The profitable price the small grains are bringing.
 2. The uncertainties of Congress and the boil weevil with respect to cotton.
 & The possibility of growing small grains with minimum amount of labor during this period of labor shortage
 4. The possibility of growing two crops in season both of which are now bringing excellent returns.
 5, The success attending the small grain crops now being gathered
 Wheat oats, rye, all three will do we'll in the south.
 Sown early and fertilized we'll they will get good enough start to resist winter damage. Two years ago small grains were severely dealt with by an extraordinary cold spell following an unusual mdwinter warm spell Last year some winter-killing resulted. Usually. however, the small grain that gets a good start can be depended upon to come through in good shape Generally speaking, the small grain ttSPS hdNS tuIHSu out well tnlS year. The returns from these acres are quite satisfactory to the farmer who is look ing forward to an increased planting this fall
 THOSE WHO FAIL
 The cotton farmers who fail with small grain crops are usually those who reserve all their best soil for corn and cotton and plant their small grains on land too poor to grow any thing successfully. Frequently the crop is sown too late, in poorly pre- pared seed bed and with very little fertilizer. In such cases of course, grain crops are failures.
 At the present price of grains. it will pay well to grow them on some of the best land on the farm. A crop of cow reas disked in after the grain is gath cred will mean two well paying crops in season.
 The agricultural agencies of state and government are planning to wage very active campaign in favor of increasing the small grain acreage all over the country. Already there is an active demand in the north and west for fall fertilizers. Tn this con nection. 1t must be recalled, however, that wheat is sown in the south and west from 30 to so days earlier than in the south. The fall season is earlier
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13
Mange in Swine

We hear much about mange in horses and cattle and scab in sheen. but mange in hogs is not at all uncom mon. The parasite that causes mango in hogs is microscopic in size and looks something like an oat grain. It imbeds in the regions of the hair follicles. es- pfcially around the snout, eyes and fbrelegs, causing the formation of small pustules. The skin becomes thickened and rough. Where hog is much affected the carcass should be condemned for food
 This kind of mango is readily trans mitted to other hogs and treatment is difficult. Since there are some who believe hog cholera may be transmit ter by these and other external para sites, such as lice. it is we'll to keep lookout for hog mango.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13
Heavy Hogs by Express

Under date of May 20, E. J. Russell. specialist in swine husbandry bureau of animal industry Washington, D. C.. sends us the following notices
 Complaints have been made by breed- CTS of purebred hogs that express agents have refused to accept animals weighing more than 300 pounds We have taken this up with representatives of the ex- press companies in Washington and find that an embargo has been placed on shipping of over this weight, because ot the extraordinary demands made on the companies at this time. but that an ex- ception has been made to hogs for breed- ing purposes. If an express agent re- fuses to accept hogs weighing over 800 pounds, call his attention to the fact that exception is made to breeding anil mals and ask him to wire his division superintendent. If shipment is still re- fused this office will be glad to prompt- ly take the matter up if advised by wire.e
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13
Mother
Dr. orison swett Warden, in the N

Dr. Orison Swett Warden, in the New
 Success.
 The story of the mother has never yet been told. To me she is the mir acle of creation. No man could stand what the average mother willingly goes through for her children He is too selfish too bound up is his own comfort. In his personal Interests to make such sacrifices as she makes. And then after all the years of patient drudgery and self-denial. of anxiety and waiting. the sons in whom all Ter hopes are centered will often go away from this mother and very soon uttcrlv forget her Oh, the pity of it all. the crime of it all the cruelty of it all, It is impossible to account for such heartless. such ingratitude for the in- fliction of 10 much pain where So much love Is due.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-13
Hogs Destroy Grass

It has been reported that hogs have been used for roofing up stones in stony land-that these stones can be picked up with ease and the ground easily clear ed; but now the hogs went one step further and are eradicating the worst enemy of the farmer They have de- clared war. and under the generalshir of man. mobilize themselves against the quack grass.
 have personally carried out an ex- pertinent that turned out to be very sue cessful-far more successful than I ever expected. A small herd of hogs was placed on relatively small piece of ground that was badly infested with quack. By the continual roofing and pasturing the grass was exterininated. Tha hogs wer fed on maintenance ra- ,tion and therefore were kept rather busy roofing up and relishing the roots. And, besides, they gained in weight