New Britain herald. [microfilm reel] (New Britain, Conn.) 1890-1976, 1918-07-27
! German armies moved forward once
BTeSt-LitOyS< Treaty.


republic of Ukraine, the independece
of Finland, and The separate govern
ment status Of Lithus. ria FGsthOnia.
and Liyonia. turkey, as an ally Of
he Central Power. Wa, given q great
area to The east of the Black sea, iu-
Guiding the regions Of Batum, kars
and Erivnn.
With tU2 announcement Of the final
signing Of the treaty OF peace between
the B0isncVAi and Germany, the Allies
gave UP nope that Russia would re-
ulain i'll the conflict, and at once they
began to strengthen their lines against
the coming OF nc great German Of
feusive by which Berlin and Vienna
hoped to force the Entente nations to
make peace.
i.uInania (apituiatcS.
With the srcatar ,Jart Of her terri
tory Occupied by the Germans Aus
TRANS ana BuigurianH, with her GOV
ernmcnt driven from bucharest to
Jassy and with the Russian Bolshe-
Wiki openly hostile toward nCr, Ruma-
MIA found herself in y critical situa-
ton. Rumaniau troops during Feb
rualv and March advanced into Bcs-
sarabia Il part Of the New Republic
Of Ukraine, but thcy were hemmed in
by the cntmy forces and obliged to
withdraw At last. ON May .. Ruma-
MIA signed treaty Of peace with the
Central Powers
BY this treaty Numania lost the
province OF Dobrudja, on the south
side of the Danube, which she had re-
ceived after the Balkan war, and
agreed to a ratification OF her western
frontier Economic concessions also
were made under pressure from the
Teutonic Alliance.
Peace Tentatives.
The period between December i.
1917 and March /, 1913, may be call
ed the period of peace tentatiyeS. 1t
is true that before the end Of the sum-
mer Pope Benedict made an appeal to
the warning nations to enter into peace
negotiations, the basis for pourparlers
being the restoration of Belgium and
Serbia and the return to Germany Of
her lost colonies. This appeal made
on August IS, was answered by Presi
dent Wilson on August 20, when the
President announced that the German
government as constituted could not
be believed and that the United States
was ready to enter into negotiations
when the German people showed they
desired peace and when they spoke
through any authority which would be
representative OF them
The German answer to the Popes
appeal reached the Vatican on Sep
TENDER 81. 1t expressed hope that
further warfare could be averted
through the good offices of the Pope,
but declined to enter into any engage
To ma ia n
cIarcd to be Their minimum war aims.
German Peace Ofcer.
German efforts to secure a peace
which would leave to Germany all the
fruits of her victory gained through
Russia's collapse, and with Belgium
and large portions of France to be
used as pawns at the council table,
began with the address of Count
Czernin, then Austrian foreign min
lister, at Brest-Litovsk, on December
rs. The keynote of the address was
general peace without annexations
and indemnities
On January s. President Wilson,
! addressing congress, said that the
United States must know for whom
| the German rulers were speaking.
| The address was a complem ent to an
| address made on January by David
| Lloyd George, the British premier.
To these addresses reply was made
| by Imperial Chancellor Won Herting
! of Germany. and Count Czernin. The
| latter was pacific and Concliatory in
: tone, while the former, abiding to
! the good German sword showed
he was speaking for the militarists of
| the Germanic powers.
-Four Principles Enumerated.
To these replies there was rejoind err
| by President Wilson, who, on Feb
ruary IL, again addressing congress
| laid down what have come to be
| known as the -Four Principles" upon
| which peace can be SADIE. Briefly,
| these principles were:
Final settlement must be based on
| essential Justice.
| Peoples and provinces are not to
be bartered about like chattels.
Every territorial settlement must
be for the benefit and in the interest
, of the populations concerned.
All we'll defined national aspirations
| shall be met with the utmost satisfac-
| ton consistent with the future peace
Pope Benedict, in Il pastoral letter
| issued at Easter, made another ap-
| peal for concord among the peoples
Of the world, but 1t brought forth nc
| tangible results At the Popes be
| hest prayers for peace were offered
| in Catholic churches throughout the
| world on St Peters day, June 2S.
In April there came revelations
from Paris that Emperor Charles OF
| Austria had written letters to Prince
| SiXtus OF Bourbon, relative. In
| these communications the Austrian
| NM n
| France to Alsace and Lorraine anc
limited that peace OVcrtures would be
! welcomed.