The Ordway new era., 1918-11-22

of communication from Metz and
threatened the capture of all his
forces left in Fra ce.
when Russia's vast man-power
gets into action Germany will be
crushed as under a steam roller" said
everyone in 1914, and for time this
prediction bade fair TO be realized.
The Russians invaded East Prussia
and were making fine progress there
and in Poland. which was kept up.
with some reverses, until early In
1915. when Won Hindenburg admins
tered to them n succession of terrific
defeats. These were not due so much
TO the military supremacy of the Ger
mans az to the shameful betrayal of
the Russian armies by corrupt officials
who left them almost destitute of
arms and supplies. From that time
on Russia's main successes were won
against the .Austrians and We're tenn
pOrnry. Decentralization steadiIy
spread through the cars dominion.
fostered by German agents. and the
outcome was the deposition of Mich
olas and his dynasty and the estab-
lishment OF confused semblance of
government by the soviets of the sol
diers, workers and peasants-a condi-
tion that remains TO he cleared mp.
though the power OF the bolsheviki is
rapidly waning.
Italy, Once Defeated, Triumphs.
Italy, declaring that the terms OF
the Triple Alliance had been violated
by Austria. entered the war OH the
side of the allies on May %, 1915.
Turkey had gone in with Germany he
fore the war was three months old,
and Bulgaria east her lot with the
Teutons in October, 1918. The for
tunes of the Italians We're spectacular.
They won over the Austrians for a
long time and. invaded the regions OF
Italin lrridenta along the Adriatic,
threatening Trieste. Then subtle
Teuton propagnndn. coupled with de-
fentist work at home, brought disaster
on them. Helped by German divisions,
the Austrians made II tremendous
drive and forced the. Italians back to
the Piave river line. There the con-
test stood for many months, until the
middle OF June, 1918. when under Gen.
eral Diaz. the Italians not only stop
ped another offensive, hut turned IL
into great defeat and rout which
eliminated in the surrender of Aus
tria. This was hastened by the fall
ing to pieces Of the Austro- Hungarian
empire, the states of which were es-
tabIisiing their independence. follow
ing the lead of the ho-Sloraks.
Turkey, with the aid Of Germans,
administered to Great Britain two set
backs that were rather humlinting.
The first was mt the Dardanelles,
which the British tried TO force. first
with navy alone. then with land and
Sea forces. Both attempts We're disas-
trous failures. The other defeat by
the Turks was in Mesopotamla, where
General Townshend and his army
were captured at Kut-el-Amara. Both
these reverses were more than com
pens,lted for by the later conquest OF
Mesopotnmia and the Holy Land and
the consequent surrender of Turkey.
As for Bulgaria, she was beaten
largely by the regenerated Serbian
army, which had great assistance from
the French, Greeks and British. SER
bia Ind been wholly Overrun in the
first few months of the war, but her
spirit never died ont and In the late
summer of 1918 she not only regnined
her own, bu; forced BuIgarip 10 her
knees.
Aoumania KEEP, out of the conflict
for some time and then Joined the al
lies, though they would have prefer
red that she remain neutral. She in
vaded TransyIvania and ut hrsf
threatened TO give Austria great
deal OF trouble. hut Germany came 10
its aIIy's aid, Russia collapsed and
Roumsnia WAS forced TO give up.
Warfare in the Air.
The most picturesque side OF the
great conflict has been the war in the
air. II was quickly seen that the air
plane would play big part IN the
war and every helIigerent nation soon
had powerful air fleets. The machines
were enlarged and improved beyond
all imagining. and from mere obser-
yntion planes became fighting aud
bombing machines Of vast Importance.
Except for observation purposes. tie
lighter than nir craft were utiiizeu
only by Germany. SHE pinned her
faith to the great dirigible Ieppelins.
but these on the whole proved dis
Innl failure True To her savage pol
icy. Germany wHged unrestricted war
from the air ms on land and sea. Her
Zeppeiins and planes repeatedly Mt
tucked London. Paris and inn,Inerahle
other unfortltied cities and towns. ANA
har air,nen made II practice of bomb
ing Red Cross hospitals.
Long before the war closed the
allies had established their supremac.
in the air, and equal to the hest OF
their flyers We're rhe gallant Ameri-
cans who entered that branch OF The
seryicp