davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Republican farmer., 1918-09-06

different group from that of Pisces, which is one of the consultations of the zodiac. Fomalhaut Is of approx imately the same brightness as Deneb in Cygnus and is usually classed as one of the first-magniture stars though its brilliance is somewhat less than the scientific first-magnitude; the astronomer calls it's magnitude "13". Because of its extreme south ern sky and does not command the at tention which its brightness deserves
 Almost in the corresponding posi- ton in the Southwest is Antares, the Red Star in Scorpio, which Is practic- ally of the same magnitude as Fo- malhaut and rises only a few degrees higher in our sky. Scorpio is one of the zodiacal groups and lies in the Milky Way. Antares is a noteworthy star, for it is over 200 times as great a radiator of light and heat as our Sun. If the Sun were as powerful as Antares, we could not exist upon the Earth at our present distance of 93 million miles. In volume it is a s great as the Sun.
 The Sun On the Equinox.
 On the 22nd of September the Sun will be on the autumnal equinox, moving south very rapidly. On that day, daylight and night will last near ly equal lengths of time, about twelve hours each. Until that date the days G.e. daylight period) have been longer than the nights in the northern half 70 4, 1a,a1 phere has at the same time been having it's Winter with longer nights than days. It will now be our turn. while the southern countries have their Summer of long days and short nights The North Pole begins it's long night, six months without d glimpse of the Sun, and in the Ant arctic the ix-months-long day IS dewning. It may at first appear curi- ous that at the time of the equinoxes the Sun is visible from both poles at the same time. It is seen practically in the horizon, setting at one pole and rising at the other
 X Summer of Daylight Saving.
 Now that the last month of the day light saving tim -las come we ct-i. look back and pronounce the scheme certainly a success. Though adopted essentially as a war measure to cu:l- serve fuel, it hasproven so delightful and beneficial that it will no doubt be lief: as a permanent institution ai- ter the war is won. All the dread rui prophecies made by the ultra con- servatives who =.>-'osed it se-:& x have fallen down badly, and not ona of the many spacious arguments em- ployed has survived Of course, the scheme already had been tried and found good by several European countries; and there has been sone talk in England of advancing thu clock two hours, instead of one. as heretofore.
 We shall turn our clock back one hour October l, and make up the hour lost when the law went inte effect AGA9 L
Republican farmer., 1918-09-06
SEES AMERICANS CROSS SEAS OF ARRANGEMENTS Sergeant Was in Observa- tion Post During Day
 light Action. HAD WITH HIM
 SEVEN RUNNERS U. s. Troops Advance Rap idly Despite Veritable
 Storm of Shells.

With the American Army in France, Monday, Sept. 2---(By The Associated Press )---After four days and nights spent in an observation post in the region of Juvigny, Sergt. Ira Croshaw of Grand Rapids, Mich, returned to- day to American division headquar- ters after having witnessed virtually all of the American daylight action since the attack on the plateau began last Wednesday morning.
 The hill where the observation post is located commands a view of the country for miles around, the Ger mans having erected a shell proof tower of concrete and steel rails with a roof six feet thick and the sides four feet thick. In addition to a tele- phone, Sergt. Croshaw had seven run ners. The tower exit faced the Ger man lines and the enemy machine gunners opened fire every time an in- dividual was sighted, but none of the runners was lost. When Sergt. Cro- shaw reached the tower he found a dead German at the entrance. but be- fore he could bury the body the she'll ing started. The first day the Ameri- can runners crawled back and forth into the tower entrance over the body of the dead German, the Americans finally buIying it beneath the en- trance.
 Sergt Croshaw witnessed the Amer jeans cross the veritable sea of barbed network on Sunday afternoon while the Americans were eastward bound. He saw his countrymen cross trench after trench by bounds until he won dered how infantrymen stood the strain of shells and machine gun fire pouring upon the plateau. Time and again advancing infantrymen were compelled to halt and cut or break down wire entanglements to get through. Men ahead were supplied with wire cutters to complete the job started by the artillery. Many trenches crossed were so wide that the advanc- ing soldiers were compelled to take them on a running iamp or go down on one side and up the other.
 | While the advance was slow al times Sergt. Croshaw explained. be. cause of the trenches and wire, thu
 former assisted the Americans ir keeping under cover.
 On the eastern side of the Bethune- Soissons road the Americans took { few prisoners on Sunday. Several O
 the prisoners said the latest German
 orders intended to prevent the Ger
 mans in the front line from knowing the identity of units on either side The orders instructed the soldiers no to talk about other German organiza tions in the line and cautioned then not to give the names of units, ever if they happened to know them, in tn,
 event of being taken prisoner.
Republican farmer., 1918-09-06

this war are permitted to control the destinies and the daily fortunes of men and nations, plotting while hon. est men work, laying the fires of which innocent men, women, and children are to be the fuel
 You know the nature of this war. It is war which industry must sus- tain. The army of 1aborers at home is as important, as essential, as the army of fighting men in the far fields of actual battle. And the laborer is not only needed as much as the sol- dier. It is his war. The soldier is his champion and representative. To fall to win would be to .imperil every thing that the laborer has striven for and held dear since freedom first had its dawn and it's struggle for justice began. The soldiers at the front know this. It steels their muscles to think of 1t. They are crusaders. They are fighting for no selfish advantage for their own nation. They would despise any one who fought for the selfish advantage of any nation. They are giving their lives that homes everywhere as we'll as the homes they
 
 and safe, and men, everywhere be free as they insist upon being free. They are fighting for the ideals of their own land-great ideals, immor- tai ideals, ideals which shall light the way for all men to the places where justice is done and men live with lift ed heads and emancipated spirits. That is the reason they fight with solemn joy and are invincible.
 Let us make this, therefore, a day of fresh comprehension, not only for what we are about and of renewed and clear-eyed resolution but a day of consecration also in which we de- vote ourselves without pause or limit to the great task of setting our own country and the whole world free to render justice to all and of making it impossible for small groups of political rulers anywhere to disturb our peace or the peace of the world or in any way to make tools and puppets of those upon whose consent and upon | whose power their own authority and l their own very existence depend. We may count upon each other. The nation is of a single mind. It is taking counsel with no special class. 1 It is serving no private or single in l terest Its own mind has been clear ed and fortified by these days. which | burn the dross away. The light of a new conviction has penetrated to every | class amongst us. We realize as we never realized before that we are com rades dependent upon one another, ir- resistible when united powerless when divided. And so we join hands to lead the world to new and better day.
 l WOODROW WILSON.
Republican farmer., 1918-09-06
LACK OF RAIN
 PLAYS HAVOC IN
 WESTERN TEXAS

Dallas. Texas, Sept. "A strange procession of canvas-covered wagons, drawn by mules. for more than month has been creeping out of west Texas with farmers and ranchers who have despaired of trying to make iivlihood on Ihe land that has been parched under a blazing sun and has sen virtually no rain for thirty-six months.
 The emigrants from this particular section have turned their faces toward the cotton fields of eastern Texas and Oklahoma, where work for all can e==sly be ohtaioed- In some parts of the west TexGs district, dusk finds s-.irany as a dozen of these emigrants camps in a single mile.
 From the Panhandle and the nor thern section of the state come reports that similar caravans, reminiscent of half century ago. mark the exodus O. farmers from those districts who are moving toward Colorado and far thar west
Republican farmer., 1918-09-06

The war has played it's part with the departing homesteader, but lack of rain has been the real factor Most of the settlers have been on land rent ed from the state. Some have spent years of labor building up their herds and others have been working the land into Q profitable state of cultiva- ton.
 But the drought came and the cattle died in numbers and those that did not die were too weak 90 bear young Livestock men said the calf crop in west Texas this year was failure.
 Some settlers had accumulated enough money to travel while others borrowed money with which to make their departure. In many cases the war added to the tragedy by taking away the young men whose strength | might have made 1t possible TOT lar mers to hold on until rain came The country which the settlers arc ! leaving Is that west and north of Fort | Worth and Dallas. ranging as far west as the state boundary and south of the 1 Panhandle counties. In the Panhan- 1 dle there were rains in the sprins l and occasional showers later that
 kept grass with which to feed the | cattle.
Republican farmer., 1918-09-06

(By pr. c. S. Brainin of the Columbia
 University Observatory Staff.)
 The temporary star, Nova Aqilae, which flashed out so brilliantly early in June, is repeating the history of all it's predecessors among the novae in that it is gradually sinking back to the state of insigniticance from which it so gloriously emerged. It is not possi- ble to prophecy in detail it's future, but at the present writing it is definitely waning and retains but a small part of it's light-emitting power. Its posi- ton in the sky, of course, remains un- changed, but for the convenience of our readers we again give its position on the star map. There is possl- bility that this nova may differ from other novae and rise again to bril- liance; that is to say, while we know of no reason why this particular nova should act in an unusual manner the very nature of these stars is so much in doubt that it cannot be said that 3 rejuvenation is entirely out of the question. So the nova in Aquila should be observed regularly for fiuc- tuations in brightness.
 4 Noble Triangle of Stars.
 The three stars, Vega, Deneb and Altair mark the vertices of large right-angle triangle in the heavens, which, itself interesting, aids one greatly in the recognition and fixing of several important constellations. Vega is the most brilliant of these three; its light has a strong bluish tinge and resembles strongly the light from a carbon arc lamp as used for street illumination. It is the brightest star situated in the heavens north of the celestial equator It passes almost directly overhead in these northern attitudes and at our usual map time can now be found few degrees to the west of the zenith, where it forms the vertex of the triangle at which the right angle is situated.
 Deneb, in the so-called Northern Cross, which is a part of the constella- ton of Cygnus, the Swan, is now very close to the zenith, perhaps just a lit tie to the east Altafr, which is the main pride of the group of Aquila the Eagle, lies to the south, very close to the meridian.
 Singly, Vega is the most easily rec ognizable of these stars, because of the beauty and strength of it's light and also because of the two lesser lights of the constellation Lyna which are found near Vega. These two, called Beta and Gamma Lyrae, respectively are shown on the map, though nos named.
 In this way one can rapidly gain an acquaintance with the entire heavens; it is only necessary to re- l member certain of the more promin- ent conhguarations and use them as stepping stones for the recognition of many others.
 Two Southern Stars. In the extreme Southeast is one Of the lesser known of the bright stars. Fomalhaut. in the constellation of Pis- 5 cis Austaralis, the Southern FtaA e
Republican farmer., 1918-09-06
WANTS ONE
 SYSTEM FOR
 ALL.P PHONES
Postmaster General Burleson Plans the Elimination of Competition With the
 Bell System

Postmaster General Burleson has undertaken the unificat1on of all teIe- phone lines in the United States into single system. With the American Telephone & Telegraph Company's lines as the central unit, it is planned to bring the numerous lines now com peting with the Bell telephone net work into the system, a project which the Bell management has long sup ported as development of the great est importance to the telephone in this country. Several months of negotia . tions with the owners of numerous in dependent companies are expected to pass before details of the plan are ready for announcement.
 N. c. Kingsbury, Vice President of the American Telephone and Tele- 1 graph Company, and George w. Rob 1 inson, President of the Tri-State Tele- phone and Telegraph Company, have been asked by MT. Burleson to exam | inc into ways and means for uniting the lines in a practical way. These telephone experts will undertake the work this week, and it is expected that
 many conferences will be held in this and interior cities as the situation is presented to officers and stockholders of the concerns which do not now ex- change service with the Bell compan- ies. There are approximately 19,719 telephone lines spread over the coun- try, including everything from the
 main toll lines of major concerns to the short rural wires which are espec-
 ially numerous in the Middle and l ne EhnSn c+o S
 as competing, some with members o1 the Bell system and others with out. side independent concerns.
 It is expected that consultations
 of lines which compete directly vii
 be recommended in some cases ant
 in such consultations 1t is probable
 that certain lines of the Bell system
 will be subordinated to present out.
 side lines, the purpose being to give
 the quickest and best service at the
 least possible expense in the way O.
 overhead costs. The Government may arrange to buy some of the inde pendent lines which at present com ipete with the Bell companies, but tn,
 expectation is held that, for the mos
 part, traffic agreements will be urg , ed upon the owners of the outsid, properties on terms which will be o advantage to them.
 l The American Telephone and Tele
 graph Company is dominant in tn l telephone business of the natiol g through it's own long distance and To c cal lines and the interest which it ha . in numerous companies. The com 2 pany's own property, together with tn n property of its subsidiaries and tn = concerns which connect with thei
 lines form the Bell system The 8e e telephone organization comprise t about 50,O00,O0O miles of wire. wit t nearly 1O,OoO,o00, stations. It is esti C mated that nearly 25,OO0,00 miles c - wire is owned and operated by inde z pendent concerns which do not wor t with the Bell companies, and unde @ the newfprogram a large part of thi
 mileage %iH be joined to the Bell ser
 l.vice. s,-
Republican farmer., 1918-09-06
MERCHANT SEAMEN
 FAST BEING TRAINED
Shipping Board Has Turned Out 5000 Officers From
 36 Schools.

An educational system almost as broad in scope as the shipbuilding pro- gram has been built up by the Ship ping Board to train officers for the American merchant marine, which is growing at the rate of better than two ships a day.
 When shiphuilding really began in this country a year ago there were many sages in Washington who assert ed that the problem of manning the huge number of ships contemplated was a greater one than the building of ships, because there were no train ed officers and very few seafaring men in the country. The men, it was said, were not to be had.
 By a recruiting system, however. covering the nation, the Shipping Board has been able to keep at lea st abreast of all demands In thirteen months upward of 5000 men, of two years or more sea service have been given intensive training. graduated and licensed from the thirty-six off, cers' schools along the Atlantic coast on the lakes, the Gulf and the Pasific There are now 1.139 men attending classes in these schools to fit them selves for command.
 In the past thirteen months a total l of S,069 students were admitted to the schools and 4,439 students were graduated. The graduation of the p1 esent classes will bring the total above 5000. The term is six weeks in a navigation school and a month in an engineering school. Graduates are examined by the Steamboat h. specticn Service before being licensed as second or third mates or second or third assistant engineers.
 Chairman Hurley of the Shipping Board also reported that for training apprentices to serve in merchant | rews the board now has ten training and receiving ships in operation, with a total of 3,125 apprentices on board
 Inexperienced youths are trained in six weeks on these vessels before be-
 ing sent to sea.
 | Volunteering for the merchant ser
 vice is now brisk, an average of 156 applicants a day being enrolled for
 t, aiming as apprentices.
 l While sea dogs only are accepted for training as officers, the young men
 who go aboard the training ships to be shaped into sailors. firemen, cooks
 and messmen are raw material, from the sailors standpoint. Many of them never saw the ocean until they report ed for duty on the training ships.
Republican farmer., 1918-09-06

In the extreme Southeast is one of the lesser known of the bright stars, Fomalhaut. in the constellation of Pis- cis Austaralis, the Southern FNA c.
Republican farmer., 1918-09-06

lican state chairman, received the Republican nomination in the 17th district
 Two women received a congress sional ronination---Sadi Kost, Re- publican. in the 22nd district, New York city, and in the Second assem- bly, district in Suffolk county Mrs. Ida B. Samnis was nominated by the Re- publicans over Henry Murphy, pres ent incumbent She also is the Pro- hibition party nominee. Eleven were nominated by the Dem Aocrats
Republican farmer., 1918-09-06

E. Lindley Murray of California, won the national singles tennis cham pionship at Forest Hills. L. l., from W. J. Tilden. II, in three straight sets.
Republican farmer., 1918-09-06

Navy reports announce that the steamer West Haven was shelled by a submarine 400 miles off the coast of Halifax but escaped
Republican farmer., 1918-09-06
BRITISH SMASH W0TAN LINZ IN FLANDERS AND GAIN THREE MILES
 TAKING QUEANT, THE PIVOT CITY

Americans Celebrate Labor Day by Advancing at Juvgny and Crushing German Counter Attacks in Sector of Asace Lorraine; As They Fight Pershng's Boys Jest About Strike for 8-Hour Battle Day.
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1918-03-24

~ be much greater
OF the 5lS.Sgl juveniles reported
thus employed In Germany
lO.79s boys and 1868 girls worked
In mines
e9,l6i boys and S.39S girls work
ed in stone and earth trades.
55,S2l boy9 and i2.027 girls work
ed in metal trades.
67.25S boys ana i,al7 girls work
cd on machinery.
35.Ogl boys and 5G.7o9 girls work
ed In textile trades
2N.3e0 boys and 1875 girls work
ed in wood and woodcarving
9.3SG boys and it.lGS girls work
ed on wearing apparel
Since the war child labor IN Ger.
many has vastly increased
Submissive as the German worker
mas ALWAYS ben taught 10 be 10 the
autocracy and It's rlreaucrats yet
conditions were SO intolerablc that
often he Was forced 10 arike. Not
many Of these strikes We're success.
ful From 1904 TO 1908. according
E 10 the IMPERIAL Statistic office. there
was an annual average OF 291,NlT
striking and locked-out workers
Nrom 1909 to 1913 the annual ay-
laragc was 327.593 In l9li there
we're ll5 strikes. Of which only Il
per cont were wholly successful and
i2S.l per cent partially successful ~
least 3S.5 per cont Of the strikes were
b failures
/ How greatly decfateE the German
lstrikers have been is more fully seen
WIN these figures are compared to
those pertaining to ,9trikes and lock-
outs In other countries The Same
Authority the German Statistical
Year Book shows th1t In Great
prlta'n aud ireland n tho s1wa yepr
I74.5 per cent Of the laho~ conflict
ended with fuil victory fr- mo ei-if
Tors. IN ~ ! nor cont ID. 'hc Vr. o..
l'he STRIKERS oh'piuod p7-tlal uceos-
and - 2 pcr cont ~ the 7triFas wsra
failures IN iNi" IN neipIur~ 4 2
lner cont ~ he strikcs were rrccoee
mi and 22S per cont Unsuccessful
IN Holland e75 nor cent ~ 80
otrit"s were successful md 90 = per
'"' were failures
ThG'e are some - me thIure thu
have gone on In Germany whore tho
writer ~ current preientious hook
claims. "Prorerty business and In
ldustry are regulated I'm the nuhllc IN
'orest' and whore there z. industrial
and social EQUALITY" Hut There ave
tnarv other n'luiti'0 Thafretr 1a
s. 'horo hnvn loo0 ooel'v .h' 'rl' 20
'Ht n ''.ir r' 30 rr. one "...an,
'l. ua1r' nation .r .u.' t.
..'... h1rr rn.r. '. rf. ...
'F '..I l .n. '.I H' h
H.. tt,t ul.' r.~ ,H.r
...,.H.r.
Amarillo daily news. [volume] (Amarillo, Tex.) 19??-current, 1918-03-24
o m II z
to
Amarillo
RETURN VISIT
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