The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-07-27

can league, and James c. [
fruits of her victory gained through
Russia's collapse, and with Belgium
and large portions of France to bt
used as pawns at the council table
began with the address of Count Ger
min, then Austrian foreign minister, a,
Erest.Litovsk. on December rs. The
keynote of the address was general
peace without anneXations and indem
mites.
On January s, President Wilson, ad
dressing congress, said that the Unit
ed States must know for whom the
German rules were speaking. The ad
dress was a complement to an address
made on January 5 by David Lloyd
George, the British premier. !.
To these addresses reply was made
by imperial Chancellor Won Hertline
of Germany, and Count Czernin. The
latter was pacific and conciliatory in
tone, while the former. alluding to
"the good German sword showed he
was speaking for the militarists of the
Lermanic powers
"Four Principles" Enunciated. r
To these replies there was rejoiner
by President Wilson, who. on Febru-
airy II, again addressing congress,
laid down what have, come to be
known as the -Four Principles" upon
which peace can be based. Briefly,
these principles were:
Final settlement must be based on
essential justice. Il
Peoples and provinces are not to be
bartered about like chattels.
Every territorial settlement must
be for the benefit and in the interest
of the populations concerned.
All well:defined national aspirations
shall be met with the utmost satisfac-
ton consistent with the future peace.
Pope Benedict, in pastoral letter
issued at Easter, made another appeal
for concord among the peoples OF the
world. but it brought forth no tangible
results At the pope's behest, prayers
for peace were offered in Catholic
churches throughout the world on St.
Peters day, June %.
In April there came revelations
from Paris that Emperor Charles OF
Austrian had written letters to Prince
Sixtus of Bourbon, relative. In these
communications the Austrian monarch
conceded the claim of France to Al
SAGE and Lorraine and limited that
peace overtures would be welcomed.
AS the recult of this. Count Czernin,
the Austrian foreign minister was re-
moved from office.
The most recent addresses on the
subject of peace have been delivered
lin the German Keichstag, one by DR..
Richard Won Kuehlmann, the foreign
minister; and the other by Imperial
Chancellor Won Hertling. The formers
sensational admission that the sword
ny itself could not bring peace result,
ed in his resignation. and Won Hertz.
ing's address voiced the sentiment
that as long as the allies were intent
upon destroying Germany the war
must go on.
#~ The Enemy offeisives.
Last winter it became known that
the Germans were massing forces on
the western front Reports came that
large units We're training behind the
lines and that new and more terrible
engines of war than had been known
before were to be used in German ef-
fort to break the allied lines, crush
their armies and force them to make
peace. The drive was well advertised
and even the place where it was to be
launched was known with comparative
certainty
On the morning of March 81 the
Germans began their attack from the
vicinity of Arras, on the north, to La
Fere, on the south. and centering their
heaviest columns against the British
forces, under General Cough, at Quen-
tin
Staggering before the impact Of the
blow, the British army fell back rap.
idly. For eight days the Germans
poured through the old allied line In
an effort to crush the British and
drive a wedge between them and the
French, who were holding the lines to
the south. Then came period Of
reaction and the Germans came to Il
stop. They had driven ahead for 80
miles, along a front extending more
than so miles before they were halted.
Hardly had their legions been held
before Amiens than new offensive
was begun in Flanders, on April 3.
1t swept the British back through Ar.
mentieres. but did not break their
lines. The British with the French
who were rushed up to the front, stop.
ped the Germans after they HAD
reached the hills southwest of Ypres.
There, on April 9, the Germans SUI
fered a terrible defeat that halted
their offensive in that quarter.
Foch in Supreme, Command.
In the midst of the drive in the sec.
tor toward Alniens the allied nations
took vitality important step. They
named General Ferdinand Foch. hero
OF the first battle of the Marine, gen.
eralissimo of the allied forces on the
western front, which includes all the
line in Italy as well as in France.
Even the Thurman coast, in northern