davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-03-10
AI~pIane-
BY w. H. Ballou, D. Sc.

CHOME of the vital results Of intensive experiments at
= the Massachusetts, Institute of Technology being
issued in sections by the Smithsonian Institution.
Washington They relate to the dynamcal stability Of
air planes and wind tunnel experiments in aerOdy-
namcs.
Investigations into the way birds and animals walk
and fly in effort conquer the force of gravity
being carried extensively by scientists. Some of
the results will be published by the American
Museum of Natural History New York and the National
Museum Washington bear more or less directly upon
the results.
In brief the whole of fight in birds bats ETC.
Is based upon their ability transfer their centres Of
gravity with every motion Per contra the whole failure
is due inability to shift their centres of gravity at
vital moments 1t is believed offhand in the absence of
statistics that aviaors have lost their lives from
this than the total of killed by actions
above the battleGeds between hostile aviators
For instance, an airplane travelling along suddenly
strikes pocket that is mp and down section In the
atmosphere which IS Because its centre OF
gravity fixed at point the machine plunges down
ward head first and if not somehow rghted is dashed
upon the earth below
In this respect the seapane has the advantage that
the avators merely hurled into the water and may
escape, provided they not caught in the wires and
drowned In such accidents aviators America have Suf
fered most severely hundreds of them having been killed
during the past decade of experimental flight in this
country Abroad there have been fewer such deaths be
of the different types of machines used III actual
warfare
1t was to ascertain why so many men have been killed
owing to pockets the air, that the experiments have
been made IN Boston They conducted under diree
ton of Jerome & HunSakcr Doctor of Engineering As
sstant S Naval Constructor assisted by other experts
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-03-10

Showing the Centre Of Gravity in Aeroplane.
the toes as in water spaniel dogs and rerevers form
such as no human has been able to initiate
In pushing back the water to swim the webs open
wide, while In pulling the feet forward for the next
stroke the webs close and the toes collapse presenting
minimum of opposing surface to the water. The swan
resting the surface his long neck controlling his
of gravity has only to raise his wings sail swift
ly along with the wind.
The quadruped is formed to bring the main weight of
his body and that of his head the foreeg that
the hind legs free for the essential pushing process
when he In walking, the quadruped takes only
foot off the ground at time leaving the other three
feet bases of support.
His of gravity therefore is but little forward
of his middle that he shift it backward for
ward in motion and preserve his balance he lifts
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-03-10

foot after another. In fast walking
(Or running he raises the fore foot a
little ahead of the hind foot. but the
interval IS too small TO affect the
balance. In trotting, he lift diagonal
fore and hind feet, one set a little
above the other, so that all Of the feet
are off the ground together. The UNI
dulations being entirely verticle the
centre of gravity Sniff properly. In
galloping. a succession Of longes
leaps are made by two hind feet In
conjunction.
The centre Of gravity IS lifted
higher from the ground. projected iu
a wide arch and with great velocity
In the amble. two side legs are raised
together and the impulsions directed
laterally, throwing the body into
strong undulatOry motion :rom side
10 side, but preserving the balance.
The bound practiced by the deer,
is performed by striking the ground
on all four feet together. The bounds
being upward, preserve the balance
The kangaroo. having short fore
legs. used as arms. is provided with
a fifth limbin form of a powerful tail
enabling him TO take thirty-fOot leaps
making thirtv-fve miles per hour.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-03-10

The pith Of their report IS that
American made machines are too
stiff. as against a certain fexibility
or foreign machines They officially
report that an American machine
has only seven seconds to right itself
in, when plunging downward, while
q foreign machine. being more fexi-
bic, has sixty-eight seconds. Flexi-
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-03-10


bty allows aviator little longer time to use his
rolls and right his arpane The anomaly of all this is
hat until these experiments made at Boston one
thought of considering the centre of gravity the sole
cause of success or failure of airplaneS
The solution of the problems of flight. walking, gal
Cpmg. ambing. swimming and any and all forms of ami
nal loccu oton established the beginning of life
the form of movable or mobile centres of gravity II
movable body may progress in any direction without
danger If fixed for instance, in rock progress in
direction can be made without danger.
Applied to an artificial mechanism such as an arr
plane with fixed centre of gravity. progress in any d.
rcctiou always be beset with danger Even with
the powerful motor conceivable. any number of
such motors exerted as controller devauonS OF the
machine from constant balance must and will be
dangerous condition air Humans, endowed with very
good movable centres Of gravity for getting around
feet decay nations the moment these centres become
7ecenralzed from strong government acting
roller
The bat the only mammal that can fly. and the bird
hc most perfect flyer have movable centres Of gravity
the base of the necks In consequence in flight they
stretch necks far forward possible advance
their centres and maintain balance that conditions
20 atmosphere affect The centre of gravity of air
plane movable but fixed at the position
~. forward at the steering wheel
Being fixed, it can seldom conquer unusual atmos-
pierre conditions like bat or bird except by powerful
controls and then only provided that there is su-
cisnt time for The aviator operate such controls
Abundant experiments at the Massachusetts, Institute of
Technology having proved this the whole problem of
future safe fight i'm airshPs hinges upon nventng
lie centre of gravity.
The of gravity the bird Is directly under the
line connecting the juncure artcuatiOus of wings and
ruk. At these points air resistance results in support
OF by the wings. When the bird alghts the Of
gravity is brought Immediately the base of support
formed by the toes
In changing position the centre of gravity is
ngousy adjusted b. motions of the head and neck Th
swan FOR instance has twenty three neck bones-against
IN q manufactured by cartilage, making for free
motions IN all directions.
The neck when il repc7e forming the letter s the
upper part curving forward ard tie lower part bA&
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-03-10

Centre of Gravity of
the Penguin. The
Penguin Can Only
Walk in an Upright
Position AS II i s
Short L e gs Are
Placed Far Back for
Swimming by the
Aid cf His Wings,
Thus Bringing the
Centre of Gravity
Immediately Above
the Base of Support.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-03-10

The Centre
of Gravity
in the
Flaningo
is Such That
TO Use Both
Feet for
Feeding
or
Fishing,
il is
Necessary
for Him
to Curl His
Neck TO
Preserve
Balance
When
Standing
on one
Foot
Tombstone epitaph., 1918-05-12
ALSACE-LORRAINE
LOOTED BY HUNS

and solid. The styles which bear the
names Of the kings of France. and
which. In the villages. were Of fine
and delicate workmanship, acquired
Ia the country districts a character
entirely original. rustic. II is these
that the antiquarians are now after.
AS consequence while attending
auction sales they find time also to
seek out the little Alsatian homes and
fnd little difficulty by paying the
country people In actual currency in
acquiring the old family clocks. OF
which the majority 40 longer run. and
the chairs with their magnificent
backs worn by aga.
The demand for objects Of this
sort has increased immensely during
the year that has just finished The
real buyers Of them are 10 be found
In the large cities For the most part
they are the new rich who have
made their fortunes from the war and
who from one day TO the other find
themselves transported from the coun-
ter 10 the top of German society and
seek by all means to surround them
selves with objects of ancient art"
Tombstone epitaph., 1918-05-12

Pie.-Line pie plate with rich
paste, I'LL with a mixture Of dates and
apples. sprinkle with a half cupful of
sugar. teaspoonful of cinnamon, two
tablespOOnfuls Of water. then cover
with a crust and bake an hour In a
moderate oven.
Kentucky Pie.-Steam six large ap-
pies and put them through a colander ;
stir In while hot, one spoonful Of but
ter and when cool add the yolks Of
three eggs, the rind and Juice Of q
lemon and cupful Of sugar all well
mixed and beaten together. Cover a
deep plate with good crust and Ill
with the mixture. Bake 40 minutes.
cover with a meringue and brown.
Apple sauce when prepared Of good
favored tart apples is delicious. Slice
the peeled apples thin and place in a
stone covered dish and bake for sew
eral hours in the oven. adding sugar
after they are partly cooked. Cider
may be added to the apples while cook
ing II liked, making the old-fashioned
cider apple sauce which Is often canned
and used when the apples and cider
are out Of season.
New Apple Saiad.-Beat Onehalf
cupful Of double cream until stiY. add
tablespoonful Of lemon juice and a
fourth Of a teaspoonful of salt. Cook
three apples that have been cored and
pared In strip Of equal measures of
sugar and water with two or three
cloves and an inch thick Of cinnamon.
then let them stand until cool. Chop
fine four candied cherries Cut out the
center OF head lettuce and place an
apple in each head. Mix the four cher
ries chopped with ten pecans and add
to the cream. Pour over the apples.
Baked Apple saIad.-Bake rosy ap-
Piles until tender. remove the skin and
stuff the centers with celery and nuts
well mixed. Serve with mayonnaise
on head lettuce or in nests of shredded
lettuce.
Tombstone epitaph., 1918-05-12
GUNFIRE is MADE
SURE BY PHOTOS

furnished with a complete photographic
and topographic printing plant and
skilled workers. photographers and
mathematician. In very few hours
after the receipt Of the days opera
tons from all the various sources.
DOZENS of copies OF the corrected maps
are ready for issue to all the STATS
OF corps, divisions and brigades COM
prised within the army concerned
Nothing is omitted from the maps
every church. house. chimney. mill.
bridge. road, railroad. group Of trees
Is marked. as well as every turn and
twist OF an enemy trench or system Of
barbed wire entanglements every
stream. ditch. bridge. ford. every path
used by supply parties. every point Of
resistance. organized shell crater, look
out post is shown on the maps. Maps
on very large scale are given when
an attack Is about to be carried out,
so that each officer and man partici-
pating may know exactly what is in
front of him and what he may expect
10 encounter during his advance.
Tombstone epitaph., 1918-05-12
THESE BOYS
BY ROBERT ADDER BOWEN
Of The ViaiianteS


They are not heroes In their own es-
teen.
These boys whose souls with hero
ism glow.
Whose steadfast eyes 80 clearly see
below
The semblance and the glamor OF the
dream.
Yet not the less upon their spirits
CLEAN
The joys and splendors Of young
life's bright show.
The ardent flame. the keen desire
to know,
And loves right royal guerdon to re-
deem.
Will they come back: We ask with
quivering breath.
Nor dare to show the very dread
We feel.
So calm and bravely unafraid are
they;
As though the challenges they make
TO Death
The purposes divine Of Life re-
veal
It's We who falter at the price
they pay,
Tombstone epitaph., 1918-05-12
TEST OF TIRES ON HIGHWAYS
Results Obtained by United States OF.
flee Of Public Roads After Pc
riod Of Years.

In Its testing Of tires on country
roads during a period OF several years
the United States office Of public roads
has prepared the road prior to each
test by blowing. grading and rolling
thus, with further consideration Of
moisture and atmospheric variations.
giving conditions as nearly identical as
possible for each Of the trips compared.
II was found that the draft decreased
with increase Of tire width to q GER
tain limit, beyond which II increased
Al q result Of the experiments. 1t is
recommended that for ordinary farm
work and general trucking. the stand
ard width Of tire for a one-horse
wagon, with gross load Of 1000 pounds,
should be two inches; light two-horse
wagon, $500 pounds, two and one
half inches: medium two-horse wagon.
$500 pounds, three inches; standard
two-horse wagon, $500 pounds, four
inches; heavy two-horse wagon. 1900
pounds. i've inches.
Tombstone epitaph., 1918-05-12
Transferred to Maps They Bring
French Artillery to High
Efficiency.
PROCESS IS new INVENTION
Every Enemy Object Accurately Re
corded After Airmen's Scouting OF
Fiishts-Maps Brought to
Date Daily.

French Front-Accuracy and en-
cheney have been made possible for the
French artillery by the invention OF
an instrument that enables French
mapmakers to locate almost exactly
an object within the enemy lines which
has been photographed from an air
plane In transferring to map the
photographed object. such as an enemy
battery or munitson dump. the margin
of error is limited to less than nve
yards
This permits the French artillery TO
pour its shells with almost certain aim
onto German gun emplacements.
trench positions. crossroads. canton
ments. railroad lines. aviation camps
and other enemy organizations. II is
unnecessary for the gunner to have
even a distant view of the object he Is
firing at.
Invention Makes Transfer Easy.
To take a photograph Of the enemy
lines from q French airplane Is an
easy matter, but to transfer the OBJ
jects photographed TO their exact To-
cation on map was for a time ex-
tremely difficult. This was due to the
varying heights and angles from which
the airplane observers made their
photographs. BY the invention of one
of the officers attached TO the geo
graphical section, this difficulty has
been almost eliminated.
Not only the aerial observation serv-
Tombstone epitaph., 1918-05-12

and a tablespoonful or two of kero-
sene.
Cold cereal. oatmeal. rice or any
other cooked food may be added to
hamburg steak, making a little meat
go long way.
When stewing all fruits add Lit.
tie salt while cooking. This will Inn
prove the flavor and saves sugar.
can Of shrimps cut up with fork
and added to hot corn mush. then
nodded, and when cool made into
small cakes and fried, makes a most
tasty luncheon dish.
II clothespins are treated by put
ting them into the boiling suds after
the clothes are boiled. they will not
split.
Wash hairbrushes by putting them
in warm water In which a Tablespoon
full Of borax to a quart OF water has
been added. Rinse in cold waite. and
drain by putting them bristle side
down in the sun.
When using a colander or sieve for
tomatoes or other foods a small bowl
or jelly glass. to be used in place Of
spoon, will force the food through
more quickly.
Yolks Of eggs may be kept several
days If placed in q bowl and covered
with cold water.
A bunch of parsley will keep fresh
for three or four weeks If dipped in
cold water, then placed In a glass jar
with the top screwed on to keep In
the moisture.
To take the shine off any wool goods
rub 1t lightly with a small piece Of
fine sandpaper.
The material In fathers shirts aft
er they are past further Wear. will
make nice little dresses for baby or
small aprons for mother or sister.
Tombstone epitaph., 1918-05-12
CONSTRUCT NEW HIGHWAYS
state Of Illinois Expected to Expend
$500 900 In Improving Roads
This Season.

It Is expected that Illinois will ex-
pend 100000 this year on federal
aid highways. The proposed road con-
struction outlined by the Illinois state
highway department has been ap-
proved by the national government, &C.
cording TO Secretary Of Agriculture
Houston.
The proposed work includes con-
struction along the Dixie highway, the
Lincoln highway. the highway from
Chicago to the Wisconsin state line,
the Chicago to Joliet highway and the
road from Peoria northeast to Spar
land. Federal-aid money for these
roads Is to be available shortly. It is
announced.
Tombstone epitaph., 1918-05-12
Colorado Goes lover the Top"

Denver, May Colorado went
over the top" many days ago, but the
flood OF dollars kept tumbling into the
war Golfers Until Saturday, with an
oversubscription of 81 per cent, rep.
resented in the $27.766.s50 total. the
lid nguratively could not be closed
The state ran over its quota of 500,
$4,000 by 37,453.95O.
The state outside of Denver did
itself proud, with a subscription OF
$17.644,750. when asked for only ST..
30.S00. And although only 100000
subscribers were needed TO comply
with the government request, the
number was increased to LOG, 1898.
From Kansas City came the report
that the district showed an official
total OF subscriptions on Saturday aft
ernoon Of S170.221. $50. which amount
ed to 131 per cent of the districts
quota. Sales by states follow: North.
west Missouri, $27.O10.000: Kansas
$40.752.OO0; Nebraska. $41,41S,OO0
Oklahoma. S29.67s.2 200; wyoming, S..
$4,000: part of New Mexico, S1.622.
800. Three hundred and twenty-four
counties out of $50 in the district
were oversubscribed.
Tombstone epitaph., 1918-05-12

pc a. ct
using one tablespoonful Of lemon Juice
to five Of peanut butter, season well
with salt and cayenne and serve with
lettuce garnished with peanuts.
Apple Chicken SaIad.-Scoop out the
centers Of six fine apples. fill them with
cooked minced chicken seasoned with
green pepper finely chopped. salt TO
taste and cream to mOisten. Place the
apples In u steamer aud cook until al
most tender. Place on ice and serve
with mayonnaise.
Quaker Oats Sweetbits.-Take a
cupful of sugar. two well-beaten eggs.
a tablespoonful Of butter. a teaspoon
full Of vanilla. two teaspoonfuIs of bak-
ing powder. two and half cupfuls of
Quaker oats ground fine and n half
cupfui Of nuts. Mix and drop on but
tered tins by teaspoonfuls.
Cream Salad Dressing. third
Of a cupful OF cream. two slightly
beaten egg yolks. two tablespoonfuIs
Of sugar and the same Of lemon iuice
I'm a double boiler until thick as a soft
custard. Add salt and cayenne and
strain.
Poaehed Eoes In soup.-Butter a
deep pie plate Of pyrex. then sprinkle
over the bottom q half cupful of fine
bread crumbs. To can Of mock turtle
soup. add three tabIespOonfuls of wa
ter. boiling hot. mix well and pour
carefully over the crumbs. Set the
dish into the oven and when bubblinp
hot. take 1t out and break into IL as
many eggs as there are persons to
serve. being careful to keep the ycIks
from breaking. Sift over the eggs n
layer Of buttered crumbs and out into
the oven to bake until the eggs are set.
Serve this from the dish In which IL
was baked.
Mexican Rabbit.-Melt a tablespoon
full Of butter and cook In 1t a green
pepper cut In bits. When softened add
q pound Of good cheese, cut fine, and
stir until melted. Add twO-thirds of a
cupful Of canned corn pulp. half tea
spoonful of paprika. the same Of salt,
Tombstone epitaph., 1918-05-12
SUGGESTIONS ON GOOD ROADS
Special Thought Should BE Given BY
DuiIders to Road Crossings to
Avoid Accidents.

While highway engineers. commits
sioners and others are planning good
roads and strong. durable bridges.
they ought to give special thought and
work to the road crossings and the
sewers or culverts placed at such cross
ings. says q writer in Farmers Review.
Such crossings are generally about
II to Is feet long. and 1t requires an
abrupt turn Of q vehicle to take them
at right angle. These are danger
points on account Of the short turn
and narrow space to make the turn.
The remedy for such places Is to
width Of the road will permit. say not
less than 40 feet, and more IL possible.
Tombstone epitaph., 1918-05-12
100000 own
TAIRDWAR BONDS
1000. 900 MORE PERSONS THAN IN
SECOND LOAN. 12.soo.ooo MORE
THAN IN FIRST.
SAVINGS HABIT SPREADS
PROSPECTS FOR VICTORY IN FU-
TuRE CAMPAIGNS EXCELLENT,
SAYS SECRETARY MeAooo.
western Newspaper Union New. Service

Western Newspaper Union News Service.
Washington, May ANALYSTS OF
Liberty Loan reports showed that
probably 100000 persons bought
bonds in the campaign. which closed
Saturday midnight - 100000 more
than In the second loan, and l2.500.-
900 more than in the first.
Latest tabula,ions showed 1885,.
628,250, reported subscriptions. but the
treasury now believes the actual total,
which may run to $4,000. 900, will
not be definitely known until May l3.
Whatever the money total" said a
treasury statement, the loan just
closed probably Is the most successful!
ever floated by any nation. The mar
velous distribution OF the Third Lib
every six persons in the United States
may have participated in this loan
Banks resources. it was pointed out,
have been drawn on comparatively lit
tie. and the prospects Tor future loans
are brighter as a consequence. An
added reason for jubilation is the in.
dication that the government bond.
buying habit is becoming stronger
among people OF small means.
The table o. subscriptions by dis
tricts is as follows:
New York. 100000: Chicago. 2.49s..
900: Cleveland. 1.56l.079: Philadel-
phia. 100000; Boston, 100000; San
Francisco. 100000; Atlanta, 1000. 900 ;
Minneapolis. 100000; Kansas City,
100000; Richmond. 100000; St. Louis,
S66.3i2: Dallas, $4,000.
Secretary McAdoo gave out this
statement:
The people of the United States
may well felictate themselves upon
the triumphant success OF the Third
Liberty loan. 1t is a most heartening
manifestation OF their patriotism and
of their inflexible determination to
support our gallant army and navy
until victorious decision for America
is achieved.
Il should like TO thank the thou
sands of men and women throughout
the country, every class OF our citizen
ship, for their effective assistance
and cooperation in this great victory
behind the lines, without which a vic
tory on the front cannot be achieved
Il earnestly hope that everyone who
has bought Liberty bonds will try to
keep them for the period OF the war
at least The siOQan now should be
Keep your Liberty bonds No one
does his share fully If he merely buys
a bond and then sells it Immediately
below par on the market
If each and every purchaser keeps
his Liberty bonds he helps to protect
the credit of the government b. main.
tanning the market for the bonds at
par, which Is very helpful thing in
war time"
Tombstone epitaph., 1918-05-12
HIS NURSE 4 scH00lMATE


Tacoma. Wash--To be nursed back
to health In far away England by q
former schoolmate Is the happy for
tune Of Perry Howard. son Of Mr.. and
Mrs. A. Howard OF Puyallup.
Mr.. Howard Is confined in an Eng
lish hospital suffering from exposure
following the sinking of the Tuscania,
At the hospital he was assigned to
the care Of Ada Allan. daughter of
Mr.. and Mrs. James Allan Of Puv,l
lup. Mr.. Howard writes his parents
that his sufferinss and disappointment
were In . measure assuaged By meet.
Ing with one with whom be could talk
over Old times.
Tombstone epitaph., 1918-05-12
CLOSE LARGE STORE
TO FIGHT FOR COUNTRY

Chicago. = When the lights
were put out the other night In
the four-story department store
OF Moeller Brothers. here. the
curtain went down on the first
act Of stirring drama OF pa
triotism.
The Moeller brothers. John r.
and Earl c. have offered up the
mfilion-dollar business as sac
rifice on the altar Of loyalty to
the nation in which their father
and grandfather, both German
born. made their fortunes. Stock
and buildings have been sold
and the brothers now are await
ing daily the call to report for
service in Uncle Sans army.
For 10 years the Moellers.
grandfather. father and sons,
have been building up the bust
ness. until last year its transac-
tons tOtaled more than $1,000
600. Three and a half years ago
the father died and the sons
took up the business. which at
the time of its liquidation had
over $50 employees