davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-31
Futility of U-Boat Campaign
AS Seen After One Year
(By G.. S. strandvold.)

On January al. last year., the Ger
man government served notice upon
the rest OF the world that all the wa
tiers surrounding the countries Of the
entente were to be considered war
zones. and that allied and neutral
from ports Of the entente, would be
torpedoed without notice.
The announcement was to take ell
1ect the next day, and thus began
a new period in the history of Ger
man Schrechlichkeit.
Great confusion was caused every
where in the world. In practically
all countries outside those of the cen
trail powers, the act of Germany was
denounced and condemned as an cx-
treme barbarity. Anger, protests and
threats came from everywhere, and
the first important result was the
breaking off of diplomatic relations
between United States and Germany
two days after the delivery of the DC
cree to the American government.
What Object Was.
Now, what did Germany want?
Why was this unrestricted submarine
warfare instituted?
Turning back to German ncwspa-
per comments and statements by
German officials a year ago, we find
the avowed purpose of the campaign
to be the complete stopping of the
transportation of food. coal and mu-
nittons to Great Britain, France ana
Italy. No men and supplies we're to
be sent to tho Balkans, to Mesopo-
tamia or Syria. Neutral countries
were to be prevented from sending
any kind Of supplies to the allied
powers.
The chief object of the campaign
was stated naively by Won Bethnann-
Hollweg at that time German chan
%cellor, who said that the new subma-
rine campaign would force England
TO accept German peace terms!
What Was Accomplished.
The futility Of it all is clearly DEM
onstrated now, year after the
declaration of the new policy. Eng
land has not been forced to accept
German peace terms. Food, coal and
munitions &c in one uncnding stream
from this country to England, France
and Italy. Men and supplies have
been sent to the Balkans, and sue
cessful Mesopotan1ian and Syrian
campaigns have been conducted by
the allies. Neutral countries still
maintain commercial relations with
the allied countries-and fewer with
the central powers.
\ ID tIuE lIldI Tie campaign mas re-
suited III much damage, and that. it
has impressed upon the minds Of ev-
erybody concerned the extreme SER
iousness of the war. the strength OF
the German military and naval forces.
and the necessity of saving food and
all other kinds of necessary supplies
tor various countries.
But all this means little when COM
pared to the greatest result of the
submarine warfare: The American
declaration of a state of war against
Germany: Indeed, this meant the
shortening of the war, but not in the
way the Germans intended.
And the other results: Sixteen
countries broke off diplomatic rela-
tons with Germany during 1917, and
all these ruptures took place as more
or less direct consequences of the
declaration of a year ago. Eight of
these countries declared war. and the
following dates will show that all the
declarations were subsequent to the
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-31
OHIO VALLEY FLOODS

1t requires no great amount of weather wisdom To
foresee great floods in the Ohio valley and throughout
the great central basin this spring. The first Of these
floods is now in progress. The chances are that it will
not be a heavy one, for it is SO early that weather sufh-
c1enuy cold to check the flow Of water into the rivers is
almost certain to be experienced. But it is certain to be
a season of great floods because the winter has been one
of extraordinary snowfall. d..
Storm after storm has swept the central territory,
and each has left its deposit Of more snow. Warm
weather will send the water from this snow as it melts
pouring into the rivers. with the inevitable result Of
flooded lands. destroyed bridges, railway washout, and
all other accomplishments of high water in that district.
The present floods are probably advantageous. They
are doing some damage. and If they continue they may
be disastrous. But at this time Of the year warm spells
are seldom of great duration. and if the present floods
alarming proportions a considerable volume Of water
spring floods. comes.
There has been a great deal Of study by engineers,
and a sreat deal Of speculation by laymen concerning
ways to prevent such floods. There has been a rather
widely entertained opinion among layn,en that the prob
lem OF flood prevention in the great central valleys ia a
comparatively simple one. and that the matter can be
handled quite well by the building Of a number Of reser-
voirs in which the flood waters can be stored until they
can be released With safety. The engineers do not take
this view. They appear - be ssnsraIly Of the opinion
that the situation might be materially improved By the
building Of reservoirs. Bu. the territory To he drained
- 70 vast and the quantity of water to b. carried on ia
- snofrnous that amy reservoirs that could be construct.
81 would be Of negligible importance IN 4 time N rssI
f1spAs such = hsve been experienced
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-31

Every German or Austrian in the United States,
unless known by years of association to be abso-
lutely loyal, should be treated as a potential spy.
Keep your eyes and ears open. Whenever any
s1spicous act or disloyal word comes to your no.
ticc communicate ut once with the Bureau of In
vcsdgation or the Department of Justice.
We are at war with the most mercilcss and in.
human nation in the world. Hundreds of thousands
Of Its people in this country want to sec America
Inundated and beaten to her knees, and they are
doing, and will do everything in their power to bring
this about.
Take nothing for granted. Energy and alert
ness In this direction may save the life of your son,
or husband, or your brother.
+ Providence journal.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-31
Will Ask Donation .
OF Land To Improve
Rio Grande Valley

Santa F'e. n. NJ. Jan. 31.-A dona-
ton Of land for the drainage dcvcl-
opmcnt and improvement of the Rio
Grande valley from White Rock
canyon to San Marcial, New Mexico"
will be asked of the government soon
by the Rio Grande commission, a state
body, the commission decided at a re-
cent meeting here.
The commission instructed it's sec
rotary. James A. French. who also is
state engineer. to prepare maps and
drawings to accompany its petition. 1t
also instructed Mr.. French to arrange
with A. F. Davis, head of the federal
reclamation service. to he in Wash
ington at the time the petition is pre-
sented. il possible, and to take up the
proposal with the Indian department.
1t would affect much land owned by
Indians.
Tho project would drain n 900 mile
stretch OF the Rio Grande valley, in
which, it is declared. the water table
or level of the underground water, has
risen steadily for many years. so that
now agricultural development is re-
tarded.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-31
TEUTONIC UNREST.

Doubtless the warning in the London Daily News
that the reports Of strikes and other disturbances in the
Central empires be not emphasized too strongly is a very
winning Of the war on the disaffection Of the people Of
Germany or Austria, or on ~disagreements between those
two nations. The business of the Allies is to keen IN to
the very highest pitch their preparations for the win
ming of the war by hard blows. If domestic conditions
in the enemy countries aid them, SO much the better.
we can put into the fight, backed by the spiritual sup
port of the millions of those who constitute the de,noc-
racies Of the world.
Yet there is unrest in the Central empires, and it is
growing. There is a lack of harmony between Germany
and Austria in their relative positions of sovereign power
mon people of the&two empires the cry Of the hungry,
and the bitter complaint Of those who are war-worn, and
before whom the prospect of a victorious peace has been
dansled until they despair of ever grasping it.
The daily reports OF disturbances in Berlin, in
Prague, in Vienna, and in many lesser towns mean some
thing. They give an indication of conditions the full
knowledge Of which is not permitted to reach the outside
world. and as Teutonic victory continues to be deferred
Ieutonlc unrest seems certain to increase. The fact that
there is this unrest warrants no letting down in our own
preparations. On the contrary it should stimulate us to
still further cndeavor in order that when the time comes
to strike mighty blows they may be reinforced by the
influence of war conditions among our antagonists, and
that the victory which we shall win shall be y thorough.
" decisive one.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-31
NEW THINGS TO EAT
The needs of the time are directinc attc

The needs of the time are directing attention to the
utilization Of many things which were formerly thrown
away MS Of no value. This is notably true in the mat
ter Of foods.
Away up in the pribilof islands-where the seal
for human food. and they say it is right good food, too.
ffAretofore the seal has been hunted for his pelt alone.
and when they were stripped off the carcass was dis
esrded. 1t appears that there is on the frame of a we'll
grown seal 50 or 60 pounds Of palatable and nutritious
meat closely resembling beef, and that meat is to be
canned for general use.
Whales have been hunted for their blubber, and
tention has been paid to the flesh Of the whale. Again
we are told that the rejection of the flesh of this great
est of al mammals has been an inexcusable waste, as a
bis whale of certain species carries several tons of good
sleh meat which is of excellent flavor, like the seal
strongly resembling beef in texture and flavor, and steps
are being taken to save this meat and pack it for con-
sumption.
Atlantic fishermen, have for years been pestcred by
the great schools Of doshsh which have infested their
fishing grounds, and many expedients have beer. used
to destroy or frtghten them away, for the fish were not
saleable In any market. The United States bureau of
hsheries conducted {. careful investigation and found
that the doghsa was in every way a desirable food fish
which had been thrown away merely because of an un-
founded prejudice. Efforts were made to make a mar
doshsh became the grayhsh, and under that name mil
lions of those fish are being used by people who would
not have touched them under their old name.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-31
SOUND BANKING

The war has given our banking system such a test
~ financial institutions are seldom, required to meet.
The United States has become the banking nation of
the world. War conditions have wrought revolutionary
changes. not only in finance, but in commerce and in
dustry. In some directions credit has been greatly cx-
pandsd. In other directions it has been restricted. There
has been a great shifting of values and Of credits. And
through oil the changes our federal reserve banking sys-
tam has stood without a tremor. In a very real sense
the assets Of the nation are behind that system, and
tho credit Of the national banks is, to all intents and
purposes, on a par with the credit Of the nation itself.
It Is true, further, that the system has so linked its
various parts together that for actual working purposes
II may fairly be said that the resources of the nation are
behind each individual bank.
Under our former banking system the one thing
that was absolutely secure was the currency. There
In doubt. but the clear vision and strong determination
Of men who were at the time denounced as being the
tools OF bloodthirsty corporations established the sound
Ness OF our actual money. and gave assurance to the
world that any token representing the value Of a dollar,
issued under the authority of the United States govern.
n1ent had and would continue to bear the value Of a
dollar under any circumstances, measured by the high
ct standard Of value accepted by man.
The security Of the banks themselves, al to their
credit. was another matter. There was no common
support upon which all could rely in time of stress, and
such ~ existed through their voluntary arraneement
nth each other. A breath Of air might start q, panic
whtch would spread throughout the country. The won:
gsAsr ~ not that there were occasional disasters. but that
suF banking history was not one Of continuous disaster.
SS Tho federal reserve system was adopted 4. the re-
mt AZ the labors and invasigations of the ablest I'm
SsAneisrs OF the nation. The plan has in effect, thrown
sasound the credit OF the country dsfensss a. substantial
~ had formerly surrcundsd is currency. The systs.n
HG&neEla~A~A -x%s --s-l.s. u
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-31
Eighty Two Per Cent
Oh Arizona Athletes
Now In Army Servic,

Tucson. Ariz, Jan. 31.-Efshty-two
percent of the baseball, football and
basketball me of the last three years
at the University of Arizona arc in
national service, a compilation re-
Gently made by college authorities
discloses. These men. 60 in number,
include nearly all of those awarded
the college insignia since 1914.
OF the h mon on tho baseball
teams for the last three years, 81 are
in the national service Some of. the
individuals involved appear on one
or more teams in the compilation.
Fifty-one of the men arc in the army
or navy.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-31
ISSUES ORDER TO
KEEP RAILROAD CO.
R 0 SELLING LINE

Santa Fe. N. NJ. Jan. si.-Jud..
Heed Holloman. Of the New Msxico
olstr1ct court here. by virtue OF ths
,s sce that a railroad is in receivership.
Judge Loring G.. Collins. specia1 e. .,ans
Ter Tor the New Mexico Central to re-
Train from efforts to sell the roaa
Secretary William q. McAdoo
~ me1 charge of the railroads Of
two other orders-one yanst,rn ~
previous n against selling the road
n n directing the special 1osster
snc prose- 1e.s With hi. duties in accord
nres,de NIT t e. PRECIPITATION Of tho
position to No whatever Tie sadn-o =
government desires w!thout y,ola t,n.
the state courts orders. o'a""s
Between Stone and Eeed. rao...
Missouri never gets a rerrttS w. oIo
her humiliation ~ 1om
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-31
BIG SUM TO run FARMS.

Berkeley, Calf, Jan. 31.-~The Uni
versity Of California has determined
that the average general farm of 40
acres in California, if the land costs
$3.50 per acre, requires $12,S75 to es-
tablish the business and s1.745 an
nually available for operating and
living expenses after the business is
established. (,
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-31
beginning of the submarine cam

beginning of the submarine cam
paign:
First came the United States on
April 6: on the next day, Cuba ana
Panama followed the example;
Greece did not formally, declare war.
Siam declared val or July u. Ii
IBERIA on August 4. China, August H.,
and Brazil, which had broken Off
diplomatic relations in the spring. on
October 26, following the "spurlos
vcrsenkt" episode.
The Ships That Went Down.
A glance at the tables compiled
here n there shows the decrease of
German submarine. activity. There
would have been no decrease if the al
lied powers had not effectively III
fernandez the efforts Of the Tirpitzi-
an pirates.
The average number of ships sunk
each week until early in November
was, as follaws:
From April s to May % e.. $3.50
From june 8 to July 22.....23.62
From July 90 to Sept. 16....21.37
From Sept. 90 to Nov. 11...15.37
Later statistics do not appear to be
definite, but these will suffice for the
puIpOoe VI w lic SIIolSCu W.
cline of the U-boat warfare.
Illustrated by tonnage figures, the
result is something like this:
February ......479,0o0 TONS.
March ........60O,000 tons.
April .........7ss,O0O tons.
May .......:..549,0o0 tons.
June ..........75S,ooO tons.
July .........,.4e3,ooo o
August ........591,00 o.
September 400, 900 tons.
During the last three months OF the
year the tonnage total for each month
was about $4,000 tons each month.
Heavy as the losses arc, it is clear
enough from the statistics that there
will be no reason for celebrating the
triumph of the submarine campaign
inas1nuch as not n Of the objects
intended was accomplished.
And it is admitted: Even Won Tir-
pitt himself said at Munich only IA few
weeks ago that the campaign had
failed because Of the new inventions
designed to n%eutralize it. And the
famous German naval expert. Capt.
Perscus, writing in the Eerliner TaGc~
, blatt--one of the most rabid advo-
! Gates of inhuman warfarc-says that
the German admiralty was grossly
mistaken in adopting this method OF
war.
Whatever feelings the anniversary
may inspire in Germany, it Is evident
that the allied countries may rcnacm-
Der it without any fear. Just n year
ago the prospects were dark enough.
! hut now it is generally conceded h a
the submarine force OF the enemy has
spent itself in vain.
Not that the danger is past. BY no
means There are still an unknown
number of the submarines OF the seas
Of the world, lurking for allied and
neutral ships. But that number is
steadily and surely diminishing-and
the greatest result of the entire cam
paign is that thousands and thousands
of American soldiers are being sent
cro tho ocean. right through the
danger zone. fro,n week to week.
This is what the declaration Of one
year ago has led to.
Evening star., 1918-06-16

During the recent drive Ameri-
can troops are continually COM
mended for the wonderful work
they are doing. Photo shows a
field battalion Of the United States
Reserves entraining for the front.
photo BY Central News Photo ServiceD
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-07-12
FOOD CONTROL
IN ENGLAND
AFTER WAR
New Head of Ministry Says
it Will Continue for
Awhile.

London. July 12.-Food control in
England probably will continue for at
least a short while after the ending
of hostilities, according to John r.
Clynes, the new head Of the food
ministry. Discussing this subject with
the Daily Telegraph, the new con-
troller said:
"Whether the food ministry will be
continued after the war depends on
the conditions created will not sud
denly disappear when It is ended and
for a considerable time the allied
nations will be required to act in CO.
operation both as regards supplies and
prices, until normal conditions re-
appear. Unfortunately these condi-
lions will be delayed until the, forces
of production can be brought to a
point where all kinds Of necessities
again are bountiful."
Regarding aid from overseas, MI.
Clynes said:
"People of this country have little
idea of u indebtedness to America
and the colonies for the abundance
and regularity Of our food supplies.
Conditions Of transport improved
enormously"
The food controller paid tribute to
the American spirit Of patriotism"
which has been willing to undergo
sacrifices in order to feed England.
In commenting on this new cam
paien the Lausanne Gazette declares
ping Of the war have bonebarded
London and Paris many more than
q hundred times with Zeppelins and
airplAnes, while the Allies. during
three years, for various reasons, were
unable to reply, but did not whine.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-07-12
SENATE LEADERS
POSTPONE DRY
Bill! Il. TILL AUGUST
Reach Tentative Agreement
to Cut OFF Legislation
Until August 20.

washington, July 12.-An agree
mont was tentatively reached today
by senate leaders for postponement Of
prohfbitien legislation until August 20,
for a vote late today or tomorrow on
the administration wire control reso-
luton and for suspension Of senate
business until August 10, under a
'gentlemens' agreement" for three
days recess.
The prohibition leaders suggested a
formal agreement to vote August 20
on condition that they allow the bill
to go over until after a summer vaca-
ton recess or adjournment of con-
gress. A counter proposal was that the
bill go over and be given privileged
status for continuous consideration
after the vacation until a vote is
reached. ~
Congressional leaders plan to con-
suit with President Wilson on the
prohibition question, particularly. re-
garding considerations of revenue loss
to the government and thu effect on
the new revenue bill.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-07-12
r EViADERS
ARE SENTENCED
IN MINNESOTA
EaN.L - -
Five in ST. Louis County Get
From Three to Twelve
Months in Jail.

Duluth. MINI, July 12.-For at
tempted evasion Of the draft by fail
ing to register. on June s, 1917, FIVE
men were, sentenced yesterday by
Judge Page Morris to the st. Louis
county Jail for periods varying from
three to twelve months. They are:
Albert Danielson, Deer River, twelve
twelve months; Raymond Klimen-
hagen. st. Paul, twelve omonths;
Charles e. Thompson, st. Paul, twelve
months: William OF. Wilko Pe1tonen,
Cloquet, six months; vaino Kultala,
Brevator, three months.
The trial Of DR.. c. S. Neuman of
Princeton, MIMI, charged with maxi
ing seditious ~utterances, calculated to
morning. Mr.. Neuman is reputed by
his attorney to be we'll and favorably
known in his home city.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-07-12
LAUNCH IS
SUNK; Two Of
CREW MISSING
Hit by Shore Batteries when
Aiding French Destroyer
Saves Seaplane.

Washington, July 12.-An Ameri,
can naval launch, after aiding a
French destroyer in towing a disabled
American seaplane to safety was sunk
by German shore batteries, losing two
or her crew. probably drowned, and
two taken prisoner by the enemy.
Seaman Charles j. Tatulinski, Cleve-
land. and John P. Vogt of New Or
leans, are missing. Three others in the
BOAT swan for shore with life-preserv-
ers and were picked up unhurt on al
lied territory.
An official announcement of the in
cident from the navy department. to-
day II mo- give the date or name
the place where it occurred. 1t is as
sumed the launch belonged to one bf
the American warships on patrol duty
in, the war zone.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-07-12
RUMANlANS
STARvE;; HUNS
TAKE ALL FOOD
Peasant Population in more
Precarious Condition
Than Ever.

Paris, July 12.-Rumania's peasant
population is in a more ~precarious
condition from lack of food and
clothing than at any time since Ru-'
mania entered the war. Reports
reaching the Associated Press from
authoritative sources indicate that all
crops this year are failures.
The crop Of corn which in normal
times Is the great national staple,
probably will yield - less than one
twenty-ffth of the usual annual
yield. OF wheat, and other cereals
there Is only sufficient to feed one
tenth Of the population.
What little food there "a has been
requisitioned by the Germans. The
bread ration has been reduced
further and amounts to less than half
a pound daily.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-07-12
Thomas Allen Box
Foreclosure May
Raise Legal Point

Fargo, N. D., July lbs the state
council Of defense order barring &C.
tion on chattel mortgages fetroact-
i've?
That question probably will be
.threshed out in the district court OF
Cass county, If Thomas Allan Box,
secretary Of the council of defense,
presses the claim that the council Of
defense order prohibits any chattel
mortgage foreclosure proceedings.
Just now there is pending in the
district court Of Cass vounty, chattel
mortgage foreclosure proceedings
against Mr.. Box, filed by the J.. T.
Cage T%hreshing Machine company,
with A. NJ. Grosyenor. coupled with
Themes Allan Box in the role Of de-
PENDANT. IT'S
The case was filed November %.
1917, and Is on the calendar for trial
at the November term Of the district
court.
Yesterday the council Of defense
issued an order to the effect hat no
chattel mortgage on farm machinery
may be f~oreclosed. It may or may
not be framed in such ann as to
cover the Box foreclosure.
Dance-Belmont Park pavilion Fri
day night.