davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19

money market against acceptances and
bills of exchange. The first of these
remedies is exceedingly difficult to ap-
ply. owing to our daily settlement Of
security transactions. Progress along
these lines is practically impossible,
particularly so long as war conditions
exist and so long as we have the huge
shiftings of credit which are incidental
to government financing. The solution,
therefore, would seem to be a special
call money market for acceptances. A
great deal has already been accom-
plished along these lines.
Some of our best known banks and
banking institutions are already max
ing preferential rate on call loans
against acceptances as distinguished
from loans on investment securities
This preferential varies from NO to
lhGo. Unfortunately, however, it is
difficult to obtain any concerted action
from banking institutions along these
lines and it would appear that the in
tervention Of the Federal Reserve Sys-
tenn will be necessary for the accomp-
lishment of this purpose. 1t has been
suggested, therefore, that the Federal
Reserve act be amended so as to per-
nit the lending by Federal Reserve
approved houses against acceptances
of the kinds and classes eligible for
purchase by Federal Reserve banks.
1t is the belief of those who advocate
this measure that the mere comforting
of this power would make it unneces
sary, except in unusual cases, for it to
be used because of the natural compe
tition of banks and banking institutions
for loans of this class once the prefer
entail rate has been established.
At any rate, some solution of this
problem is essential if this country is
to enjoy an open market capable of
competing with the older established
markets abroad. Experience has proved
that under normal conditions any coun
try aspiring to a share in the foreign
trade of the world and wishing to
handle its domestic trade upon the
most satisfactory basis, must have such
q market. European countries general
ly, even those that are now at war, are
already laying their lines for the re-
sumption of the struggle for world
trade after the war has ended, and it
is therefore particularly to be desired
that steps be taken now to place our
own financial and commercial structure
upon sound and enduring basis.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
Grand total. .$4ss, ,s15, $50 s472,s15, 900
Decrease Is Worldwide

0.U
Decrease Is Worldwide
ut will be noted" says "The Statist,"
that of the decline in the output
shown for 1917, the United States was
responsible for $8,442,00o, the Trans
vaal for $5,S05QoO, Canada for $780,
900, Australia for $4,5oo,o0o, and Rus
sia for an estimated reduction of ST.
100000. The last named figure seems
to be fully warranted by consideration
Of the returns from and reports of
companies and the revolutionary con-
dltlon Of the country. AS regards
Mexico, the governments decree of
September, 1915, compelling the re-
sumption of mining operations would
appear to have led to the maintenance
OF the output at about the same level
as IN 1916, which we estimate at $12.-
100000, or about half the value of the
pre-revolution production. The esti-
mate of $40,000,000 for other countries
is based on the figures of the United
States Mint for 1915, in conjunction
with reports indicating larger produc-
ton from dredging in Colombia and
possibly increased production in Japan.
as balancing the probable total disap-
pearance Of the usually small contribu-
tions from Europe outside Russia.
War conditions, resulting in scar
city Of skilled labor. dearness of and
difficulty in obtaining necessary ma
ch'nery parts and materials, are un-
doubtedly responsible for large part
OF the decline in production, for such
circumstances have hastened the end
OF some and reduced the productivity
Of others Of the old Transvaal, Aus
tralian and Russian properties. We're
it not that new mines developed on the
Eastern Rand in recent years have now
SO increased their rate of production
as to be contributing near to one-third
OF the Transvaal's total output, it is
obvious that the setback to the worlds
total production would have been much
moro serious than it has been"
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
Canadian Crops
To Be 20 Percent
Bigger This Year
dominion Expects to Export IS,
100000 Bushels Of
Wheat
Especial Correspondence,

TORONTO, Canada. Nav 1s-cano
olan farmers got off to- good s+or+
'ase autumn and this spring in their
agricultural operations, with the re-
suit that an aggregate increase in the
acreage planted in grains for tb;.
years crops will be approximately On
per cent. The primary need of greater
wheat production has been emphasized
and authoritative estimates indicate
that the wheat acreage will show an
increase Of slightly more than 20 per
cent. AS the total acreage in wheat.
barley and oats in 1917 totaled 3o,ooo.-
oVo acres the seeding of these three
grains this year should aggregate near
~ S7OOo,o00 acres. The acreage nut
under wheat this year is estimated at
1S,oo0,O00 acres, against 14,758. 900
harvested last year.
With regard to the prospective Weld
OF wheat in 1918, the average of the
f1ve years between 1911 and 1915 may
be taken as normal. The yield per acre
was 22 bushels. On this basis the WELD
this year would be 3oo,Oo0.oo0 bushels.
Provided crop conditions were excep-
tionally good, as they were in 1915. a
yield Of over 100000, 900 bushels is pos
sible. Even this maximum falls 100.-
100000 bushels short of what Canada
must produce in order do her share
to meet the requirements Of import
ing allied nations. Her share has been
estimated by the Dominion Food Con-
troll Board at bo0,0oo,0o0 bushels.
Farmers Striving in All States
Canadian farmers everywhere in.
creased their stride, in spite Of labor
shortage, and during the planting sea-
son nature smiled on their efforts.
Nevertheless, growing weather has been
bad. Norman Lambert, editnx Of ths
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
Labor Shortage
Causes Reduction
In Gold Output
Production of Metal in 1917
Was Lowest in Any Year
Since 1907

V7ORLD production of gold suf-
w fered a severe slump in 1917.
Higher mining costs and insuf-
ficient labor supply were important
contributing factors. Official returns
and estimates Of the gold production Of
countries producing 80 per cent of the
world output indicate, according to the
annual compilation of "The Statist" of
London, total 1917 production of
about sS8,00O,00o, or, translated into
dollars, approximately $440,0O0,000.
This was decrease of 46,50O,0O0, or
$32,500,000, compared with 1916, and a
decrease of 28,400,0O0, or nearly per
cent from the 1915 total. The record
Of gold production since 1850 shows
that last years output was the small
est since 1907.
The following table, as prepared by
the London authority, gives the produc-
tion figures translated into dollars for
the various producing areas of the
world for 1917, compared with 1915:
1917. 1915.
Transvaal .....$191,61 sos $197,4 900
Rhodesia ..... 17,476,765 19,475,O0O
West Africa. 7,649,85O 8,075, 1000
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19

"Grain Growers Guide" Winnipeg, re-
ported yesterday following a tour
through Manitoba and Saskatchewan,
that bitterly cold winds throughout the
month Of May to date and lack OF rain
have combined to cause serious damage
to wheat fields over wide area. Drouth
has left the fields either baked or
powder-dry. and the winds have blown
soil and seed together into bitches ana
piled them up along fences over con-
siderable sections. Alberta has not
escaped. Moisture, and a lot Of It,,
must come within ten days, according
to Mr. Lambert, or the harvest in west
efn Canada will be seriously impaired:
Approximately 100000 bushels OF
fall and spring wheat will have been
planted for this seAson in Ontario,
when the spring wheat Is all in. Ihis
is about the same as last year. The
weather has been hard on the fall
wheat plant, with the result that 81 to
75 per cent Of the acreage has been
destroyed and will have to be resceded
either in spring wheat or other grains.
A normal crop in Ontario is between
27000,OOO and 28,000,000 bushels, but
the yield this year will scarcely reach
25,00O,O00 bushels at best.
Before the acting Minister of FL
nance, A. K. Mclean, tabled the Do
minion budget for 1918 in the House
of Commons sections Of the farming
community cherished the hope that the
government would remove or at least
reduce the tariff on farm implements
entering the country. This was not
done. As a substitute for farm labor
ers, farmers are utilizing tractors and
other labor saving devices on a large
scale. The increase in the acreage
planted proves the effectiveness of i'm
plements. They will become more
popular throughout the country. The
tendency has developed in Canada to
farm on large scale, company or
an individual farmer tilling large
areas. AS result of the growing pop
ularity of farming with machinery the
next few years promises a rapid in
crease in the acreage planted in wheat.
Patriotism Motivates People
The Food Control Board of Canada
is putting into practice thoroughgoing
methods BY which the country will con-
sumo less white -four products. By this
means it is expected that some 25.-
100000 bushels of wheat per annum
will be saved for export to Europe.
On patriotic grounds the people Of
Canada are acquiescing in the food reg
ulations with will.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
r. r. Ownership
A Pressing Problem
Wisdom of State Operation
Depends on Special Local
Conditions

Sir William Wilson Hoy, general
manager of the South African Rail-
ways and Harbors, in a statement pre-
pared for the State Mining Commission
Of South Africa, says that the success
Of state ownership of railways depsnds
on freedom from political influences
rather than purely economic forces.
The main advantages of state control
are summarized thus:
(a) Advantages Of administration ~
impartial authority.
(b) Tariffs can be designed to haf-
monize with national policy.
(c) State better able to finance rail-
ways.
(d) Profits on state lines used fof
benefit of state.
(e) State lines car be better locates;
(f) More new country can be openss
up. -,
(g) Closer cooperation with govern
ment departments.
(h) Conflicting interests in prvs~
and competitive concerns avoided.
w duplication, oVSfAoPPAe
waste avoided.
Among the main disadvantages g.. 3.
state control as pointed out oy ~
William are exercise of undue politics.
influences on the management; unres.
sonable demands from labor; danfs
of the management being forced =
provide facilities to particular seet'oss
in such matters as train service; ~
tendency toward oyercentralisaus'
and rigid uniformity.
"The wide conflict Of practical VI
dence," says Sir William, renders 4 =
extremely difficult to decide as 70 ns
relative advantages and disadvsntss
of state and private railways. one W
whole, it would seem that the pyoeisss
is one to be determined according
the geographic position and indussls, q,
economic, political and social conas
tions of the country concerned, res1sss
than according to the merits Clam
for either system in other countrlees
Experience shows that pol!ucs e
creep into all state managementss n5Ss. ~.
spective of the statutory or other sas
guards applied. as in the case q ~
tralia and Italy--&nd chat the 49,
arrangements imune from intsTxeh
are the autoerscies Of Germany
Hungary" Ss
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
Interference a
German Victory

The disagreeahle phase Of the mat
ter is the exultation Of certain eie-
ment Of labor over this outcome. One
labor organ calls it victory, and In
this assertion it is correct: for 1t il
a victory-for the Huns. 1t Is vie
tory for our enemies because, II the
jigs in the breakers are not operated
fully and effectively, the output Of
the collieries will not be clean coal;
and hundreds Of railroad cars will be
utilized in the useless work of car
rying refuse to market instead Of fuel.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
The Ne,o York Tribune


Gern.any's enemies arc frequent
ly charged 1rith being too harsh u,
judging her. Sometimes 1t is said
that they do not understand her.
Surely no accusation of lack of in
sight or utfai,ness can be brought
against the writer of the following
article IN the "Framkturter lett
umg," DR.. Eberhard Gothein, rofes-
sor of Heidelberg University. Writ
ing for German readers, Dr.. Gothein
uncomscioa.sly reveals the temper of
the nation the Allied 4UorM is fight
ing. In the two precious iastalme,,ts
of the article reprinted n, The Trib-
u,,e he discussed the Importance of
iro1, for the future Development of
Germany, and referred specifically
to the "1,ert 1var." In this install
n,ent Dr.. Gothein speaks openly of
ammeri',g French iron ore lands and
talks of "i,ademmities." DR.. Gotheim's
writings are especially significant to
the foes of Kultur because he has
been classed vith the liberals of
Gern,Unu.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
Awakened to
Responsibilities

This great work was begun in 1915.
after less than year of war, by the
Parliamentary War Savings Commit
tee, which had brief and not too sue
cessful existence. At the beginning Of
1915 it was taken up by the National
War Savings Committee, which has
worked with untiring energy and with
Q remarkable measure of success. 1t has
formed some 10000 associations all Over
the country, with an average of 100
members to each association. Of these
associations, 10000 have been formed
IN schools. with highly successful re-
suits. About 10000 voluntary work
ers are putting time and hard work
into. this unpopular and unpromising
EFFORT OF inducing a wholly unthrifty
people to save their money for the
cause of civilization. War Savings Ger.
tificates, the most popular form Of Sc.
curIty for the small investor, are now
sold to the number of about 100000
a week through the efforts of d.
trlotlc shopkeepers and others, who
buy the certificates in blocks from the
government, sell them one by one to
their customers, and lose the interest
on the money between the purchase
and sale. It should be mentioned that
much Of this good. work is done By
public house keepers.
1t is calculated that the effort Of the
War Savings Committee has raised for
the purposes Of the war some s250cOO.-
600 out of the pockets Of small In
vestors, a very large number ef whom
would never have saved q penny II it
had not been for the committss's sp-
peals. But the real effect of its work
cannot be measured by figures; It's
in the new light that it has kindled IN
the minds of English folk concerning
the consequences of good and bad use
Of money
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19

pie could be got to see that s.x;.
!ne rignt thing to do, and that onlv n
!. couid the labor and energy 81 4
na''on .h De set Tree for the purposes =
quired. "se ~
Educating
A Population
By dint of devoted ners;.....
packed by admirable organizing ss;ii
the National War Savings COMMIT ;.'
mas zone wonders in the teeth Of a.
tremendous difficulties it had to fsss'
its task has been helped, naturallu Z
certain effects Of war, which have n.Z
much OF the spending Of the well ~ - =
temporarily impossible. War bers.ssas
ments had an immediate effect on g
,ertalnments and gayety, and the wifi s.
arawai OF the best of the nations mss.
mood into she fighting forces or ints
war work necessarily reduced a prs.s
1eai OF the sport and pastime on vh;ss
England must have spent very manv
millions IN time of peace. But w.
all allowance is made for th;. so~..a wnsn
cradle amount of what NAV he csiiss
compulsory saving, there can hs =
question that the work of the Nat;a.sys ~
War Savings Committee has had = v...a
great effect in educating the ronri.s.
ton. kSPu's
There is still mass of ignorant -.
thoughtless opinion in England wh;ss s
wastes money even now on unnece.s..s
tribes, but it has been slowly bronvh,
home to a surprisingly large mart -
the population that money spent h ~.
time of war on things not needs@ :
money given to the enemy. besans. =
sets people to do unnecessary vn,s :
who could otherwise have been vs,s
ing either to supply the needs of n.
fighters or to increase the stort ~ y
food and necessaries, or to make s.cJs
for sale abroad to be exchanee6 ~
goods which we have to buy from Nan.
trails. -ss'
Men and women have been mads !,
see that they have a responsibilisv +
the use of their money, and thefs I
good reason to hope that this lesscs
SO patiently driven home in the eosrse
Of the war, may be remembered vhen
the war is over, and so may be q il,
estlmable help in furthering Englan6s
economic recovery when peace brings
its difficult problems. Moreover, in ths
case Of the working classes the hieh
wages that have been earned in var
tine have given many OF the most
favored workers opportunities for say.
ing which have made it really worth
while; many of them have taken ad.
vantage of them, and this process, by
which high wages lead to saving on the
part of a class among whom savers
were comparatively rare, may have very
important social effects if it can be
continued when the war is oyer.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
Old Law Keeps
Girls From Aiding
Coal Production
Labor Unions Act to Block New
Source of Labor Supply
(Floyd W. Parsons. in The Coal Age,

(Floyd W. Parsons. in The Coal Age)
Next to transportation the serious
problem in coal mining is the pro-
vision of an adequate supply of labor.
Approximately 80 per cent of the male
workers in the United States are now
engaged in work that was not a part
of our industrial effort previous to
the entry of this country into the
world war. No stretching Of the i'm
agination is necessary, therefore, to
realize that this shifting Of man pow
er must disturb the usual course of
business and make it difficult for the
nation to maintain on a normal basis
even the production of essential prod
ucts.
The anthracite coal industry has
been hard hit by the voluntary en-
drafting of miners into the military
service. One partial solution of the
problem seemed to be the greater en-
ployment of women in various po-
sitions above ground. In line with
this thought one of the larger COM
panies moved the younger men en-
ployed around the jigs in the break
ers to work which they could do at
and in the mines. The positions va
Gated by these men were applied for
by hundreds of girls when it became
known that women would be used.
Arrangements were made at each COL
liery for rest rooms, etc., to give these
girls every reasonable comfort and
protection. None Of them was to re-
place any boy who could not be moved
into a position that would pay him
better.
Girls Work
Not Arduous
The work that the girls were called
on to perform was neither arduous
nor dangerous; in fact it was less
dangerous than the work in the silk
mills, where large number of them
had been employed formerly. The
girls were particularly pleased and
were glad of the opportunity to make
the additional wages that the coal COM
panies paid for this work of running
the jigs. The plan gave promise that
the coal corporations, with this new
help, would be able to provide suf-
ficient force of jig-runners to prepare
the coal on the basis Of pre-war
standards, which the fuel administra-
tion now requires, and which it is
difficult to obtain with only so per
cent force.
This hopeful outcome, however, has
been prevented by the action Of GER
tain labor leaders, who have invoked
an old law passed in 1891 which pro-
hibits the employment Of women at or
around the mines for anything except
clerical work. This law has been,
superseded in practically all of its
parts by more recent legislation, but
unfortunately the old law was never
repealed in its entirety, and this clause
concerning the employment Of women
still remains. The attention of the
chief mine inspector of Pennsylvania
was called to the law, and he was
obliged to issue orders for the sus-
pension Of the girls until such time
as a ruling on the matter can be OBJ
tanned from the states legal depart
ment. f-N
Interference a 3
German Victory
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
III

There can be no doubt that the sup
ply. OF iron ore from the district Of
Briey is Of vital Importance to our
iron industry, the existence Of which
thereby will be prolonged from fifty
to at least $50 years; that the pie
iron industry, besides agriculture and
coal mining, plays the most important
part in our national production: that
our army and navy must RELY on our
iron and steel industry. Therefore,
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19

Editor of The Economist, of London
N1AR savings in England not only
" has poured golden stream
intn the Rrifiah Treasnrv hut
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
Let's Understand sNecessitvn

0ces UHuerstand "Necessity'
"A great part of the iron ore denos;+s
OF the Briey district, although now
lnally French, is already owned bv Ger
man concerns. They ought not tn he
condemned. At the present time t. ia
our duty to understand what is necess
sary.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1918-08-23
Kate Higgins Smith,

I0z willow 81, Rockford, 1T
The subscriptions of most soldiers
Tor the Second or Third Liberty
Loans were recorded through the
Federal Reserve Bank of New York
City. In all such cases the above let
ter should be used. If, however, the
soldier subscribed through some
local bank, he should take the matter
up with that institution.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1918-08-23
NOTICE

The registration books for the pre-
cincts within the limits of the Oi'
of Pullman will be Chased for ~ days
before the state and county prlIlal
les. The last day for registration =
August 80, 1918. All residents WhO
are legal voters may register on "
before that date at the office OF lho
city clerk in the city hall.
MATILDA F. CANNON
aug9-30 CITY Oie'N'