Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-06-02
Toll AND SACRIFICE
ARE NEEDED TO WIN
Real Cost of War Not Measured
in Terms of
Money.
MUST CONSUME LESS FOOD
Save More to Meet Arrny's
Needs, Says President Had
ley, of Yale.
RY ARTHUR IT. HADLEY,
President OF YnIc University.


President OF YnIc University.
The money cost OF anything is the
amount OF dollars and cents which we
pay for it: the real cost is the amount
of labor and sacrifice which we undergo
! in order TO win it. In the ordinary
operations of everyday business we
deal with money costs. In studying
large questions of national policy we
must fix our eyes on real costs.
This is particularly true in the case
OF a great war like the one in which
We are now engaged. II is not fought
with dollars and cents: il is fought
with labor and with the products Of
la bor-with men and munitions. with
railroads and ships, with coal and iron
and wheat. Whatever amount of these
III nEs is used for war purposes repre-
sents so much subtraction from the
availah bic income of the nation. The
total amount thus subtractcd repre-
sents the real cost OF the war
The easiest way to get a rough
measure of this cost is to express it
In terms OF labor. OF the 100000 600
people In the United States. 10000. 600.
more or less may be classed as work
ers. The aggregate product OF the
tiains and hands of these people is
me nations grosG annual income The
greater part of this product-repre-
sented by focd. fuel and service OF
every k.nd-i' used up i'm the course
VI tie Year. much smaller amount
is invested. either in permanent means
oil enjoyment. like houses, or i'm prom
critics which increase the future pro-
duction of the community, like fac.
tories. But whether consumed or in.
vested, the results of this labor are
employed in time of peace 10 contribute
TO the national enjoyment and we'll
being.
LABOR FOR WAR PURPOSES
GREAT NEED OF NATION
In time of war the case is different
great deal OF the nations labor must
be utilized to increase our fighting
er1c'ency rather than our national en-
>oy'rent We are at present empIov-
ing five very large groups of laborers
for war purposes:
l. those who are withdrawn from
INDUSTRY in order 10 be used for war
service abroad
:. those who are engaged in mann
featuring arms, munitions and Other
means of warfare
s. Those who are engaged !, 49,,
dccing food and supplies for our allies
supplies which they cannot undor
existing circumstances produce for
themselves in adequate amount,
a. Those who are building and RIM
ming the ships needed 10 sunnor,
army and our allies and are produr
operation.
o. nose who are engaged in putting
our railroads. into condition to do
proper war service
THESE FIVE GIVE ROUGH
MEASURE OF COST OF WAR
me nrst two of these represent
war cost that every nation must incur
ne third is an expense that comes
upon US because we have gone into ,
war late and have to helm allies ,h,t
nave already exhausted their food SIM
pies TO large degree. The four,,
an nth are the results OF national,
policy which has neglected The ,ood.
oil our foreign carrying trade for moro
'hah nall century. and OF our in
ternal commerce for nearly A decade
80 'hat new cars and locomotives and
snips are Just as much an essential of
hGhting I"cienc. as new armies and
new munit!on factories. All FIVE, taken
'o.cther. give us rough measure of
the real cost of tie war
1t is difficult to get statistics as r.
'He aggregate r.mber employed in all
these war occupations: but il .annot be
less than 100000. and II ay be con.
siderably larger. Six million workers
out OF n total of $4,000. 600 represent
an apparent loss of 10 per cent of Tho
nations productive power But the
actual loss is much greater. for the
labor thus drawn gu. from productive
industry is of unusually high char
acter. The draft takes healthy men
In their most efficient age a majority
OF the AUXILIARY war industries require
special strength or intelligence. Even
II the number of laborers employed for
war purposes were only Is per cent Of
the working population. the propor
non OF productive power thus diverted
could probably be from 20 per cent
to 20 per cent. And this proportion
rs likely to increase RAPIDLY as ti,ua
goes on. For each new man thu, w
more munition workers to keen him
supplied, more seamen to man tho
SHIPS more miners to produce the coal.
more railroad trains TO haul supplies
from the interior of the country to the
seaboard. Instead of devoting n fifth
or quarter of our labor power to war
purposes Of various kinds, we shall AL
most certainly have to use third and
may have to use half
MUST LESSEN HOME CONSUMPTION
IN ORDER TO MAKE UP LOSS
How is this loss to be made up? How
is the country to live with a third or |
half of its labor power devoted to war
purposes? No system Of bank credits. |
however well devised. will meet this
difficulty. No scheme OF taxes and
loans will tighten the aggregate weight
of the burden. Those OF us who nre
left at home must increase our pro-
duction and lessen our consumption I'm |