davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
to improve the NewYork school system
without the continuing limitations of
adhering to one fixed schedule,
What Was Claimed
For the System

What is the so-called "Gary" sys-
TEN?
AT the steel town of Gary, named
for the chairman of the Steel Corpo-
ration board, William Writ, school
principal and educator, inaugurated
the duplicate school--that is, two
schools moving through one-and thus
doubled schools daily capacity. At
the same time he had certain play
work-study features, based funda-
mentally on the theory of Froebel. who
asserted years ago that all children
were creative rather than receptive,
and that educational work should be
based on this inherent tendency of
theirs to express themselves in action.
The social accomplishments of the
system are an important feature. They
give to the very large element of for
eign children, who are poorly housed
and poorly looked after, a day full of
absorbing interests, made up of class
room work, manual work and play.
Mr.. Writ says: "Let us crowd more
things into the life of child. Let US
give him more impressions and
greater variety of impressions" So he
introduces foreign languages, science
and great deal of shop work into the
early years, which in the curriculum
OF the average public primary and
grammar school are devoted wholly to
the study of fundamentals
Perhaps the child does not derive
much exact information from the shop
work, the science and the language
courses, but Mr.. Writ claims that the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07

Impressions gained in this way give
him background for the study of
these subjects when he enters the high
school. The foreign language has a
more familiar look and sound, and the
physics and chemistry are not entire
ly unheard Of propositions.
To allow the child to study those
things which he likes to learn, in the
manner in which he likes to learn
them, is the keynote of Mr.. WHt's sys-
tenn. He claims that by introducing
into the lower grades subjects which
usually are taught in the high schools
he will be able to save his students
two years.
While the usual conception Of the
Gary schools is that they are designed
primarily for vocational and practical
training Mr.. Writ denies that this is
the aim of his study course. 1t is
true that he begins his manual train
ing in the lower grades, that he tries
to give this course a practical value.
For instance, he expects the pupils in
the shops to manufacture the things
they use in school. Girls studying do
mestic science are supposed to conduct
a lunchroom and to prepare and sell
luncheons. Boys in the printing shops
are expected to print the school pub
LEGATIONS and those in the carpenter
shop to make some Of the school fur
niture. Still, when he starts children
in these courses he has something
else in mind besides making them
cooks, housekeepefs, carpenters and
printers. Lavish furnishings, labora-
tories, shops and auditorl ums are q
feature of the system.
In Gary schools children: are not re-
quired to do much studying at home
and Mr.. Writ claims that his system
places very little responsibility upon
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
Main Features Cons
tinued Despite Mayor
Hylan's Pledge to
Eliminate Whole
Practice
By Katherine Wright

DESPITE Mayor Hylan's cam
paign pledge to eliminate
~ every vestige of the Gary
educational system introduced by the
last administration. certain features Of
the Gary plan exist in modified form
in several public schools in the CITY
and especially in Public School As in
The Bronx. the school that has been
considered a model Gary school be-
cause Of its resemblance to the mother
organization at Gary, Ind.
Stanch admirers Of the Writ system
bemoan the fact that in some cases
the school programmes have not been
greatly altered since last January.
when the Gary board voted itself out
Of existence, while in other cases more
drastic measures of eradication have
been adopted such as the removal of
shops, auditoriums and other features
Of the equipment necessary to the car
lying out Of the Gary plan.
my ASeP niiy features OF the Gary
plan unless the whole thing is to he
given fair trial?" ask these same
admirers Of the educational system that
has fallen under official displcasure.
But an answer to their question
comes briefly from the Board Of Edu-
cation, and even from upholders of the
system while it was on approval in this
city 1t is to the effect that while GER
tain features of Mr.. Wirt's system were
tried out here, including shop and audi
forum work, the so-called Gary schools
in New York had only slight rescm-
blance to the schools in Gary. Hence
the notifications that have been in
force since January-the abolition of
the Intensive departmental system be-
low the fifth and sixth years. and the
dropping of auditorium work except for
assembly purposes, with, however. p corr
responding maintenance of the dupli-
cate school system and manual activ;-
ties for the older children. are mt
an insult to Mr.. Wirt's system. but
Merely part and parcel Of an attemnt
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07

Notifications in Force
Since January De-
Tended by Board of
Education as Inn
provement

grammes have been changed by elimi-
mating the Objectionable features from
all schools except Public Schools 45,
Bronx, and 80, Brooklyn. An addition
to the former building is nearing COM
pletion and it would be inadvisable to
disturb the organization of the school
until this addition is complete. Even
in No. 80, Brooklyn, many changes
have been made. and further study
is being made of that school by the
superintendent in charge.
"The chief changes to which atten-
ton might be called are as follows:
1.-THE duplicate programme has been
eliminated almost completely from the
lower grades. Specialization or depart
mental teaching (the teaching of a
single subject by special teacher) has
also been largely eliminated for these
children, and teachers now generally
work.
Long auditorium periods for little
children have been eliminated and.
wherever possible, all auditorium ex-
ercises for these children, except for
assembly purposes, have been aban-
doned.
"Shop work, cooking, sewing and
elementary science are limited to the
older children.
"The Board of superintendent re-
corded its disapproval of departmental
work throughout the eight years, de-
claring its belief that the pupils Of
the first four years should have their
own teacher continuously for all
academic work, SO as to insure proper
guidance"
1t is evident that certain features Of
the Gary plan still exist, although in
modified folm; that is, the duplicate
school still exists for the older chill
dren, and shopworking, cooking, sew
ing and elementary science have not
been removed from their curriculum.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
Called Formula,
Not a System

"The so-called Gary system as ap-
piled to the schools Of New York was
formula, not a SYSTEM" said Dr. Eft
finger.
"The schools here That FOR time OPP
Grated on that system were not at all
like the schools at Gary because Of the
physical limitations of the buildings.
Public School 45 in The Bronx, for
some years Gary school in spirit, was
and still is the best example Of the
Gary plan in New York. Because of its
physical facilities for such work and
because of it's enriched equipment the
work is being permitted to go on there
as an experiment.
an other cases it was found neces-
sary to make changes. The auditorium
system for very young children was
found to be impracticable. The IRON
sive departmental training in the lower
grades has been abolished. Children
instead of changing teachers for every
subject remain with the same teacher
in all subjects until the fifth or SIKH
year
SIN some of the schools the shops
and auditoriums have been removed
The amount of money spent in useless
renovating of buildings with no benefit
to education whatever has been scan
dalous."
William H. Allen, of the Institute of
Public Service, thinks two Gary schools
should be maintained in every city
Had the original number in New York
not been permitted to exceed twelve
the system might have been success
fully retained. he declares. The undue
haste with which the affair was handled
killed the experiment before it had
been fairly tried out.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
Racial Tendencies
Disturb the Standard

Mr. Mccarthy, assistant to DR..
Meleney in revising the programmes in
accordance with the wishes of the pres
ent administration, in speaking of the
changes, calls attention to the fact that
the intensive departmental system has
been abolished below the fifth year in
all schools and below the sixth year
IN the greater number. Manual activi-
ties are confined to pupils OF the sixth,
seventh and eighth years. The present
system admits of finding cut d child's
bent and then encouraging it to take
helpful courses rather than forcing
upon a child at the outset of school
life industrial. commercial, manual or
academic, i. e., vocational, training.
"In Italian quarters. gays Mr.. Nc
earthly, there is a marked preference
for manual labor. Italians are clever
with their hands. In Jewish districts,
on the other hand, there is an evident
preference for commercial pursuits"
Mr. Grady, speaking for Superintend
ent Ettlnger, said:
"Dr. Ettinger considers the method
CT educating children should be left
20 public opinion. You can't go be-
yond the parents. They know what
methods bring the best results.
"Ths board is pledged to maintain
certain promises of the administration
At the same time, DR.. Ettinger looked
upon the Gary plan as useful peda-
gogical experiment. It was evident
that parents were opposed to the plan
1t was therefore modified, while some
o: the features were retained. 1t is the
aim of the present board to have the
superintendent plan their programme
with reference to the physical pos
sibilities of their schools and ind-
vidual districts"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
Report Of President
OF Education Board

The following report was submitted
to Mayor Hylan by Arthur S. Somers,
president Of the Board of Education.
at its annual meeting, May II, 1918, in
which are stated certain facts in re-
gard to the elimination of the Gary
plan:
"When we organized, there were
thirty-five schools operating under the
Gary plan. with provision for extend
ing it into seventy-one other schools
and in ten additions. This extension
work was Immediately stopped and the
funds available for altering the build
ing will be used to improve those
buildings for regular school work with
out any reference whatsoever to the
Gary plan. The Board OF Superln-
tendents was requested to modify pro-
grammes in all schools operating un-
DER the Gary plan, and in a recent
report received from Superintendent
Meleney We are advised that pro-
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-12-06
WILSON IS
DIRECTING
U.S.. AFFAIRS
Tumulty Back at Desk in
Time to Receive Messag-
es From Ship.

Washington, Dec. 6.-Messages di-
recung the disposition of official busi-
ness have begun to reach the White
House from President Wilson at sea
aboard the transport George Wash
ington. Secretary Tumulty, who went
to New York to see the president off
for the peace conference Wednesday,
returned to his desk today in time to
handle the first of the instructions.
1t is understood that all wireless
dispatches so far have dealt with only
routine executive business and that
except for a report Of the nomina-
ton Of Carter Glass as secretary of
the treasury it has not been necessary
to bring any matter of importance to
the presidents attention. Mr.. Tumul-
ty expects, however, to communicate
with his. chief almost as freely = as
though hH were in the White House,
A special code for the purpose has
been devised by experts, and the ex-
ecutive messages are given priority
over all other business through the
naval radio.
The appointment of new director
general of railroads, it was said today,
probably will be delayed at least until
near the first of the year.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-12-06
WAGE INCREASES
FOR STREET CAR
MEN ANNOUNCED
Several of the Larger Cities
Are Affected by New
Ruling.

Washington, Dec. 6.-Wage in
creases for employees of street rail-
way companies at Buffalo, N. Y; OF
tumwa, Iowa, and Detroit, Mich, are
provided in an award announced to-
day by the war labor board.
Wages Of platform men on the
Buffalo and Lake Erie Traction COM
pany are fixed at Al, 43 and As cents
an hour.
On city lines Of the Toledo, Bowl
ing Green and Southern Traction COM
pany, wages are fixed at 3s, 40 and
AZ cents an hour; interurban en-
ployes Of the same company are to
receive SO, 40 and 43 cents.
Employees of the Ottumwa Railway
and Light company get SO, 40 and AZ
cents an hour with existing working
conditions and differentials paid for
special service continued.
In all three cases the board found
that the companies should be allowed
to increase their fares to meet the
wage advances.
/ Another award fixed minimum
wage of 40 cents an hour for women
/ collectors on the lines of the Boston
Elevated COMPANY
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-12-06
Tclegraphic Briefs

London-From the wars beginning
to the end of October 1918, worlds
total merchant tonnage losses from
enemy action and marine risk was
15,O53,7S6 tons against 10,849,527
tons constructed and 2,392,675 enemy
tonnage captured.
washington-A. Bruce Bielski chief
of the department of Justice investiga-
ton bureau, and A. A. Ballantine, So
licitor for the internal revenue
bureau, have rendered their resigna-
tions. %
Cleveland-The three-day street car
strike ended with the companys
promise to dismiss women conductors
by March /.
Springfield, Ill-Motormen and
conductors of the Illinois Traction
system went on strike for increased
pay.
Pompton Lakes, N. J.-Eleven men
were killed and twenty-three injured
in explosions which destroyed the
detonator assembling building of the
Dupont Cap Works.
Chicago-The national w. CT. u,
launched a campaign for a fund of
S1,000,O00.
Philadelphia-Fed Of Pro
testant churches was approved by the
congress on church unity
Washington-Directo General Nc
Adoo relinquished control of the
Clyde, Mallory, Merchants and Miners
and Southern steamship companies.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-12-06
GERMANS CONTINUE
TO BE INDIFFERENT
TOWARD ALLIES

terms Of the armistice and explains
in detail which towns will be gar
rtsOned and which will be merely in
cluded In occupied territory. This
proclamation posted on walls in diff
ferent places had been read carefully
by the crowds but there has been no
sign OF emotion evident
rs The towns through which the
troops passed today presented an ap-
pearance similar to those entered on
Sunday. Blinds were drawn in many
cases and most of the inf1a bitants re-
mained indoors rather than counter.
ance the invasion by witnessing it.
The children in the towns occupied
on the first day of the advance and
enthusiasm, but the attitude OF the
grownups was unaltered. At ,Treves
$50 airplanes were. found ready for
delivery to the Allies. A small quan-
tity of supplies was ALSO left there
by the Germans. Reports made to
General Smith indicate that. while
foodstufrs are limited as to variety
there ,is apparently enough Ito meet
ever. are high. General Pershing's s
reinsurance has gone far to alleviate
anxiety that even the phelgmatic in
habitants fail to conceal. It Is under
stood the Americans will rule sternly
but General Pershing in, his proc
lamation said: mo law.abiding per-
son need have any fear b a
Continuing, I the proclamat ation
reads: The American army is not
coming to make war on civilian
population. All persons who. with
honest submission, act peacefully and
obey the rules laid down by the mill
itary authorities will be protected In
their persons. homes, religion ana
within the rule with firmness. vigor
land promptneas The American army
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-12-06
ALLIES TELL
HOW U-B0ATS
WERE WATCHED
Very Few Submarines Left
Bases Without Allies
Knowing It.

London, Nov. Correspond
ence of the Associated Press)-Alliedi
methods of gaining information
about the movement of submarines
during the war never will be divulged
fully, but the accuracy of the daily
reports has proved one of the sur
prising features of the war here. Very
few submarines left their bases un-
known to the Allies fleet comman-
ders. In addition. the numbers Of
the vessels, the duration of their
cruises and the locality in which they
were ordered to operate were known
in nearly every case Such informa-
tion usually was known within
day of the time the submarine left.
1t was transmitted to Allied wireless
stations which had means Of checking
it up to certain extent. Wireless
operators at sea and ashore heard the
submarines reporting in code to Ger
many every night and their positions
were learned by q system of reckon
ing the wave lengths. This was done
so accurately that the submarine
could be definitely located as close
as mile, which is very close in the
almost limitless expanse of the sea.
This assisted the Allied and sub
marine patrols. They could keep the
Germans on the move by remaining
in waters they knew the U-boats were
ordered to operate and did not waste
time hunting where it was unlikely
the prey was working.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-12-06
Score. OF Small Town. Are
Brought Under The Domi-
nation OF Americans On
Their March Toward The
Rhine Few People Are
Seen In Streets.

With the American Army OF Occu-
patton, Dec 2.-(By the Associated
Press ss)-Studied indifference again
characterized the German reception
Of American troops on their way to
the Rhine today, General Dickman's
army renewed its advance ats daylight
and by tonight had reached the line
approximately twelve miles to the
eastward. Scores OF additional viii
lagos and small towns were brought
under the domination OF the Ameri-
can army hut none Of them are Of
great Importance. At American head.
quarters at Treves. General Brown as
military governor. and General Smith
who is In charge Of civil affairs, have
begun the work Of administration.
Local authorities in virtually every
have agreed to retain
their posts and cooperate In main-
tanning order. SSss s}s5
General PerShing has issued . proc
lamation calling on the people to res
turn to their normal pursuits and
assuring them that II the conduct OF
military affairs Is not molested and II
good order is kept, they will not be
iinterfered with. Tho proclamation
gives irformat tion. OF the places Amer
lean forces will occupy under the
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-12-06
General Pershing Issues A
Proclamation Telling The
Native. OF Occupied Ter
ritory To Return To Their
Normal Pursuits Protec-
ton Is Assured.

will govern in strict accordance with
international law and the rules and
customs of war sanctioned by the civ
ilized world. Inhabitants on their
part must absolutely abstain in word
and deed from every act Of hostility
or impediment of any kind toward
the American forces. It is your duty
now to devote yourselves to the or
derly and obedient conduct of your
private lives and affairs, the re-estab-
lishment of normal conditions, in
schools, churches, hospitals and char
table institutions and resumption Of
your local civil life.
You will be unobstructed but on
the contrary, will be encouraged and
protected in those, pursuits. So far
az your attitude and conduct make
1t possible, local courts. governing
bodies and institutions will be contin.
ued in operation under supervision
|of American authorities. Except
where they AFFECT the rights and se-
curity OF the American army your
present laTssahd regulations viii re-
main undiSturbed and in force. Ev-
NY violation OF the laws of war, every
1ct Offering hostility or violence and
|Ayery disobedience OF the rules laid
down by military authority will be
|punished with the utmost visor.s =
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-12-06

The correspondent says that tho
Zeppelin factory at Friedrichshafen 80
building an airship for q trans-Atlan-
tic voyage capable Of carrying 100
passengers. 1t has nine engines ana
eight propellern
It's first flight win be In July NEXT.
II the international situation clears up
by that time. The trip ID expected q
be made in forty hours.
The correspondent was told q ths
remarkable night OF . Zeppelin IN
November. 1917. The airship staxted
from Bulgaria Tor East Africa With
90 tons OF munitions and mea3eanla
and crew Of %. It had axflved
over Khartoum In the Sudan, ~ sc0rS
respondents informant da&larsl.
when Il was ordered hy wfrslo6s ~
! return becAnse Il waA learne4 1hak ~
bulk OF the forces of Ii NAaeea1 49,
Lettow-Vorbeck. the GorSnaA eDal4
Mander In Eat sAffaca. hA6 uafs
rendered. II returned T. ~ u etin6
point four days atter + - ~
Director Raaschs ~ aislsl - ~
airship enlA hlSs iDeIes 6elfS
- New loek allll 4 i
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-12-06

ity Of the kaiser and his accomplices
to their law officers some weeks ago.
They invited a body Of jurists in Eng
land to investigate the matter and
they Unanimously; come to the con-
clusion that the kaiser and his ac-
completes in the making of this war
ought to be tried by an international
court. They also reported strongly in
favor Of the punishment Of those
guilty of murder on the high seas and
the abominable ill treatment of pris-
oners.
"The British government will use
it's whole influence at the peace con-
ference to see that justice is executed.
AFTER what has happened in the
last four or five years it is impossible
to entertain in our midst a population
of which a considerable portion abus-
ed our hospitality. This has been
demonstrated by evidence impossible
to ignore. They spied and plotted and
assisted Germany in forming plans for
offered them hospitality. They thus
have forfeited any claim to remain.
Much as regret that 1t is impossi-
bic to- have free, intercourse between
all nations I hold we are up against
the events of the last few years for
which Germany alone is responsible
and the Germans must abide by the
consequence.
Cali the European Allies have ac-
cepted the principle that the central
powers must pay the cost of the war
up to the limit of their capacity The
Allies propose to appoint a committee
Of experts to examine the best meth
cd of exacting the indemnify"
| In one passage of his program, that
dealing with measures for an increase
of British output, Mr.. Lloyd George
says:
"There is one condition for the sue
cess of all efforts to increase the out
put of this countrS~ namely, conf
| dence. Bolshevism is the poison OF
production. Russia proves that. Rus
sia will not begin the building up of q
productive system until Bolshevism
! has worked itself out"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-12-06
GERMANS SAID TO BE- BUILDING
TWO AIR MACHINES TOHYFROm
BERLIN TO THE UNITED STATES

London, Dec. 6.-The Germans are
building an airplane with which they
intend trying a trip across the At
lantic and have Zeppelin under con-
struction with the same idea in view,
according to the correspondent at
Berlin Of the Daily Express. The COR
respondent says he learned this when
being shown over an aircraft factory
at Staaken, suburb Of Berlin, by
Managing Director Raasch, q former
naval omcer. @
The Staaken works. built during the
war, covers hundreds Of acres and
employs 5000 workers. The machines
employed in the later raids on London
and Paris were built there. The ma
chine being constructed there for the
transatlantic flight. says the corre-
spondent, has . wing spread OF ies
feet and engines Of 5000 horsepower.
Almost Immediately, after the armi-
stice was signed the stAaken plRnt
began converting the flghting planes
on hand into commercial machines
intended to link all the European
capitals with Berlin. and dosens Of
planes built entirely OF aluminum are
being transformed for postal service.