davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
Civil and Military Justice

I HE only surprising thing about the Presi-
dents opposition to the Chamberlain bill.
designed to place the trial OF treason and
sediton crimes in the hands of the military
establishment, is the fact that he waited SO
long openly to oppose it. No proposed piece
of legislation since the beginning OF the war
is more indefcnsible than this, and ii is hard
TO understand why the Oregon Senator gave
his name and influence to it,
Many newspapers have expressed a gen.
cral feeling of disappointment over the lack
OF energy shown by the Department OF Jus
uce in prosecuting criminals OF this type 1t
has not seemed that the department has fully
grasped the danger that is present in the
spy system which the enemy maintains in
this country, or, If il has grasped it, has
exercised the force necessary 10 deal effec-
lively with il. But 10 abolish the depart
ment and 20 restrict the jurisdiction of the
civil courts over cases of this sort manifesty
is not the proper resort. If the present
administration Of the department is not cf-
ticicnt, then new administration should be
set up. If the Attorney General himself does
not measure up to the great responsibilities
OF war. there are lawyers in this country
scores OF thcm--who can measure up and the
President has only to raise his hand TO com
mand the services OF any one of them.
Acknowledgement Gregory in his recent
letter 10 member OF the House defended
Ilit utDdT pOllcleS ana us results. But
the most favorable view of this communities
ton does no more than convict Congress
along with the department OF failure to APP
prcciate the wrongs from which these agencies
have permitted the country to suffer
Bad as conditions are in the United States
to-day. the people OF this country have not
been convinced that only military authorities
are cal abc OF dealing with them. AS the
President observed. America is fighting with
"A st mil
many has developed il. Nothing could he
moro anonymous than resort by the
American people TO Prussianism in its worst
form in an effort TO deal with q purely civil
problem. When the President declared that
, he was ''unaltcrably" opposed to this bill, he
probably give 1t Il dcathbow. II IL un-
likely that the Senate will put itself to the
trouble TO pass measure which II knows in
advance will be fatty vetoed if it is ever
sent TO the White House
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
The EIrnt Whlskr.

T. 9. H. HopeWcii.--The name
whisky was probably derived from
the celtic "ussebeatna (water Of lifc).
winch was subsequently contracted TO
musquebauSf' and still later 10 whisky.
Inc liquor known as usquebaugh in the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
was not. however. OF the same charac-
ter as the whisky O. modern times but
was compound OF plain spirit with
saHron nutmegs. sugar and other
spices and fiavoring matters
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
,IOnn of Arc.

Citizen. Richmond-Jo loan Of Arc. the
Maid OF orleans. was born in the viii
iags Of Domremy. France, January s.
14l2 CT humble parentage Her extra
ordinary character aud conduct make
her one OF the most striking figures
In history. From her earliest years.
and love OF religion. and her enthusi-
asm and habits of solitary meditation
explain her visions and the angelic
voices she professed to hear. She loved
10 be alone, and brooded in her wax
ing dreams over the legends of the
saints. until they became to her real
persona lities. Gradually there came to
grow up in her heart the conviction
that she had been chosen by God &c do
special work OF delverance for her
country. She asserted she was com
manded by vision to conduct Charles
VI. King. OF France. to Rheims. to be
crowned in 1929 and presented herself
before the governor of Vaucoulenrs.
She vas examined by the most intelli-
length was given permission to hasten
TO the deliverancc Of Orleans D'hulon
being appointed her constant attend
ant and brother-in-arm She donncd
and. mounted on n black charger. put
herself at the head Of an army Of 5000
mon. and advanced TO aid Dunois In tho
siege Of Orleans. She entered the city
In April. 1920. and forced tho English
to raise the siege and retreat after
fourteen days lighting. and Charles
July. Of the same year. Enemies aoon
multiplied around her. and shn was at
length captured by tho Burgundinns
and sold to the English. sho %as i'm
hereto, and finally burnnd At tho stake.
For fuller account of her extrnordi-
nary career. you should consult tho
standard encyclopedia. vcr. tho eng
llsh and PrussIans fought togcthor
against the French in tho battle OF
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

Colonel George lIarveys persistent railing
at the administration may not be attributed
TO food administration restrictions on his
diet lie commenced railing before the food
administration was created. Possibly he is
Trying 10 prove that he has deeper crouch
than the one which afIlicts Colonel Roosevelt
"a crouch that finds relief only in continuous
instead of spasmodic eruption
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
My.,er,uu. DI.ea.e In Au.,r.lla.
TBy Assoc.s,c,, pr,s.l

7 by HSsUtsNE'l ITrss- ]
SYDNEY. AUSTRALIA, April 25-
Screra! additional deaths are rcporte
as result OF a mysterious discas
called ~" resembling infantilc pa
raiysis. which has recently made IL
appearance in the inland districts G
New South Wales. Fatal cases hav
also occurred at Narrabri. The boar
OF health has detached large stan q
experts 10 study and combat the dis
ease.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

. II Is Optional-wil yoI please tell me why
~ Is necessary Tor Il women to suffer from such
great nervousness headache. wretched sleep and
mental depression At the mcnopause?
MRS. II. a.
wer,,-it isn't necessary 1t is only OPP
tioial There Is generally relief for her all
mcnts which Is to BIO sought ny consulting her
physician about them matter how old she
may be.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

Although every one is urged TO subscribe
for Liberty bond as proof of his patriotism,
the appeal is not 10 be misconstrucd as a
begging for charity The subscriber for Il
Liberty bond gets tho full value of every
thing he gives. with interest added. 1t is
An opportunity for a sound investment with
sit-cdSed security that is offered him.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
information Bureau

inquiries regarding almost my tonic.
accepting on legal md medical sub
Jcc's' nre answered free. A. all In
quirics answered directly by ,rr
sonai letter self-nddrcAscd, slammed
envelope In required. Addrc.r 'The
nimeS-Dlspntch Information bureau,
kichmund. Va.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
battle of ChapuItepee.

I. II. :. Newport NcwS.-The battit
OF Chapultepcc. Mex. began on Sen.
TENDER II. 1877. The fortress and
castle occupied a steep and rocky hi
com handing the city. and il was bat
day. On the 18th the place was
stormed and captured by the American
forces under General Winfield Scott
and on the 18th Scott entered the city
OF Mexico in triumph.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

Nscount tchida, who has just returned
10 ioh!o from his post as ambassador to
RUSSIA, says that IL would be unwisc for tho
japanese TO enter Russia at this time be-
cause "Bolshevikism to-day represents the
'hought OF great majority OF the Russian
people" II is doubtless true that Bolsheyikisu
has the support Of majority OF the Rus
sian people, but such attitude rather, bcspeaks
a lack OF thought and Russia will never work
out from under her troubles until more rea
thinking is INDUCED in
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
VERY SPECIAL!

To-morrow! Immediately begin, the world
rocking serial poem. "Thc LnrEhetto of
Heiccted Lover" 1t starts out happy md
ends melancholy. II you have been
stunE, read It! Twenty-three chunks 10
Knockout.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
Warfare In the MIdal, .r

MISS :. l.. NJ. p.ters3urg-You
should be able 10 get the information
you want about methods OF warfare in
me middle ages from any standard
encyclopedia,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
About a Pcnsio n

j. y. T.. Smi,hfcld.--f you will adj
dress a letter to j. II. johnson. Pension
Iicrk Richnond. Va. he will give
you iui! information regarding the mat
ter about which y ell inquire
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

If you have started a home garden or made
preparations for one, you should not hcsitate
about investing in third Liberty loan bond
The garden Will take care Of the installments
10 pay for the bond as fast as they be-
come due.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
Industrial
democracy
Defined

:" SNeplcal that he doIbted TN. biblical state
nlchi' Naked came out Of my mothers womb :"
coming into the world naked. il is clear that IL
W" are 10 possess anything must either pro-
"uc' H. AScebt IL as gift steal it, get il out
OF me common stock. Whoever does not by
some service OF hand or brain or heart. by what
ne does or what he cnddres. by what he IN ak az
or what he says or what he suffers contribute
MS snare 10 the worlds welfare must lie clossod
win IN" bceSars, whether re is clad in rag
or IN velvet To make sich contribution Is the
hu'N or every man y fair opportunity to moke
sMch CONTEMPLATION 10 the right OF every man
MS Is, is industrial MISUNDERSTANDING Abbott
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
Voice of the People
letter. must give the name and adj
dress of the writer. Name will not ID
publihhed II writer SO requestA


To the Editor OF The Times Dispatch.
sir.-in sundays Times Dispatcl|
there is most interesting account Of
the great patriotic demonstration nj
Ashland. on Friday last. wnen a ser
vice nag was unfurled bearing th
names o! 2Il men, who are now III
the nations service. There was alsd
this statement: Hanover coun,I
county OF any state in the United
States CT unfurling service flag III
honor TO its men that have beer
called to serve the colors.'
In The Tiine-- Dispat: n or April
there is an account OF a like ceiebra1
ton at King William Courthouse. dated
April 3. and telling OF the demonstra-
ton. Judge Clasgett Ii. Jones pre-
attorney. who first conceived the idea
agithted II and carried II through I'd
success. present ID the service ilaG
showing loo names OF men from TINS
also presented handsome rolls OF honCrI
framed and under glass, showing the
nam. IS of these men and their home al
dresses and. on the same day he pref
scented amid great applause large ano
very handsome United states flag. do
mated by the State Bank OF West POINT
Andrew Jackson Montague. NJ. {. ana
Attorney General John X saunders
were the prominent speakers on tn,a
occasion. n great crowd was present.
and the magnificent music. given oy
the talent OF the whole county. maze
the welkin ring. This was on Aprii
.. during the - ssion OF Circuit Court
The courthouse and the grounds we're
rendered the people for thus demonstra-
ton and King William claims to nave
been the first county III any STU , -.
the United States TO 'furl q service
dag in- honor of its men who nave
gone 70 MRS THOMAS p. BAG 81.
Yves. Point, Va. April 20, 1913.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

Enough matches to light all its contents
are attached 10 a recently invented cigarette
DON so 1t Is said. One match has been
hho"h 10 prove enough TO light whole
cigarette factory
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
Charcoal Eph. Daily Thought

"IIit don make much dinunce what yo do in
dis worl'' said Charcoal Eph. rumina lively
DE style changes often yo' boun' { be wrong
sometime. Try pickle. Mstah Jackson
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

Quart-size pockets are no longer shown on
'he tanors spring and summer fashion
plates Economy in cloth and some other
CONSIDERATIONS are responsible for L:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
FiShfng.

And so this man went out fishing, and after
he had castcd in the reeds and the bullrushcs
he caugh, fish that three feet long and
weighed ihirty-siN pounds. ana took it home
Sapaira."
And so he was the worlds first fisherman?
Yes; and his name Ananias."
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

The good results Of Secretary Bakers little
excursion to the war front are gradually
OOZiDE out
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
,rn-DaH.a O. Henri.

He would transfiX with his fork the hest
piece OF chicken the dish, while you were
trying rally sufficiently to ask him why does
hen cross the road"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

rUBllSHED every day In the year at 10 South Tenth
Street kichn,ond. Va. by The Times Pub
fishing Co.. Inc. Charles T.. luhbrook Editor usL
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
The
President
Il Radical

e. re-
~ banner OF thoroughly DING radcalie,n. In
ne Pas; the responsible Statesmen have never
adJuStnd their minds to dealing with n fund,-
mentally changing society. Their attitude has
always been one II refusing TO consider any but
.ittIc pieces OF patchwork essentially salts
aa;ntorH 'ndnstrial and social fabric. Such is
s.''. 'he attitude of an Overwhelming majority
., TN" democratic and Republican Doliiicin ns
u ne revnution which is taking place in the cir
cuinStanceS aud ideas which underlie modern
SoCirty arcuses H." echo in tneir fiat and i'm
pcrvi3us minds. The great majority OF them
G"'"Nsa acciden'; They expect after tho war
s,. "ns' ,hc world and America to return to the
,i"' quo ante except perhaps I'm foreign ard
N m'ilitary policy u! &c Hat" Mr.. Wilson sta nds
'i"n' among responsible, American statesmen in
an,',ina'inC radical changes IN uomestic nojiti-
81 ISSUES and in adjusting his mind to deal with
ihcni: bhf N" need not hcSital. or dr,w n. cL
S 81" t'l ns mnr re will haze the facts his
create Hh issue between himself and Tho fro III.
or tnr,ile defenders Of the status quo ante the
Republic. me new
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

Why is the Kaiser drawing so heavily on
holland for sand unless his craw is growing
weaker?
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

Emperor Karl blames II OH his mother-i in
law Isn't that just like man?
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

Richmond College has Gone .strikinglv
Pa'rioNc thlng in turning over its entire plan,
70 me Federal eovernmen, for use as a ba SO
Ao'p'ial where American soldiers wounded on
,ne he-a@ o. france may be brought for
treatment and -ecuperation without oua..
ZION Of price or institutional eApediencv rhs
commodious buildings and Spreading acres
nave bsen. 't,aced' in the hands OF the gov.
eminent - 10 "ith as il viii. Richmond Col.
!sge cannot lose through this noble sacrifice
10 nations imperative needs When IN.
var is over il all! return to its beautiful
"esihampion hone more firmly fixed in popu.
'sr affection and. III the knowledge Of ma.
tonal service Willingly performed viii taLn
On new growth and ADDED ability to hoIc
high the lamp OF education
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
Vucstionn and An.wer..

OF cutting down the total amount OF meat and
I ether protcin-rich foods in the diet.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

ADDRESS ALI. COMMUNICATIONS to The Times.
Dispatch. und not to individuals.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
Current Editorial Comment

IL Is tho duty OF every man to
pat into the world AT least as
much as he takes out OF il. and
the duty OF society TO make this
possible for every man. have
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

Wncn the President or tho
,h!t-d suites asserts that the re-
turned soldier vii! he impatient
or mere phrases" and Will de-
mand sincere action" and real
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
Theac styles.

Hasn't she a beautiful face. neck and shout
dcrs?"
Il don know; I've neVe. seen her with her
hat on
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
TIE DISPATCH

Entered january 81. 1908. a the Post ONCE at
Richmond. Va, second class ninttcr.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

senator knrte Nelson. of Minnesota. is a
republican but his record as to America. iism
anu SnppoFt OF the administration war pro-
gram has been satisfactory 10 the con',ry
and to all o! his constituents rcgardrcss r.
party Ills fourth term as member of the
senate VIII expire next March He Will he
candidate for reelection and the Demo
TaNc organization OF the State has deter
mined II viii place no candidate in The field
against MN. That is a Commensurate do.
"sloN During the war the nations law
"ah!hE Dody needs 10 be all-Amorican. with
20, p"i 'hshIp reicgai"c 10 the background
The opposition that Senator Nelson nov, ,"ii,
have will he confined TO those who ar. -
sympathy With disloya!,y It is well 10 mace
'"ei' "AeFe iheir strength VIII be known
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
The Cake They Baked mt Grandma'
House.


fsor The Times DiSpatch.)
rh. mai, was deep, and golden brown;I
Tho naJdle was long and tapcred DOWN
And Polly the cook, with shining race
Came sauntcrinG in with "A lazy srAco'
And said, Miss Maye. gwi' MAKE a.
cake?
] got de obcn jcs' ready TO bake.
An de day is a-sittin' on TO noon ;,
Bes' make dat cake now purity soon"
Tho oour was weighed in the old time
scale.
The butter crcamed in the golden paii'
The sugar and yolks were beaten 10
death.
The whites were whipped with bated
breath.
Lest they fail to make the whole mass
light.
And then the cake be ruined quite.
And now, for seasoning, brandy and
wine.
And lemon and mace for flavor fine.
The mold was filled just two-thirds up.
little left for small tin cup;
For the "chillun." watching beside the
door.
They licked the pail and wanted mora.
But Polly said. Run out an play
An don be stannin' In we grown folks
way.
Ef YOU honEry TEX dat cake o. braid
On de shelf up dar. jcs' above yo'
had."
Tho cake rose high. and cracked on
top.
Like u kernel does when tho corn you
pop.
Thca Polly quickly turned IL out
And my! the smell was beyond u doubt,
If ever you were n little child:
Enough TO fairly drive you wild
And ate the crumbs like "A tiny mouse
When they baked e cake at grandma's
house.
MRS. ROSA II. GRAY. Il
Ashland. Va. April is. 1918.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

MkMBEk or IHE AssoIiAIED PtEss.-ihe
Press rntiticd to
All uIsputches rrcuitcd Ia II ur
u - credited paper, Also Tile
iu,a published herein All rights republics
~ Of .pcci.i dispatches herein also reserved.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27
An Old One Vcap,,Iied

Mr.. Smith. returning from trip TO the
Rockies visit To Helen Hunts grave. cx.
hihi,s picture OF himself with group OF
burros
ooh. John exclaims MICS s.. ait is lovely
scenery! And which one "f thc--cr-occupani:
Of the picture is you. DEAR?
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

. happy day! To-day thought
My purse was 10 tho bad,
And then found quarter that
| didn't know l had
Tell me no tale OF lesser JOY.
Play me nc joyous play:
@ quarter, quarter. lovely thing
This 10 my lucky day.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

TELEPHONES: Randolph 1.
Private Branch Eachangc
connecting with ali depart.
meats,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

II friends u with manuscripts anu
Tor pubcA wish have asnilnbi.
articles returned. they must III MI cnsce SEND stamps
that
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-04-27

BRANCH OFFICES: WASH
insiUn, sl1 Fourteenth
street, y. W.; New York
Gay. Filth Avenue Buiiu-
ins. Sii,aEU, Peoples Gus
BuiidinG; ihiiaietpiiia, M
tnh t-ifc building.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-10-06
This ground is being stripped Of
everything of military value"

LONDON, Oct. 6.-Although no Of
fetal announcement has been made Of
Austria Hungary's new peace drive.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-10-06
GERMANY DENIES
AMERICAN GAINS

BERLIN. via London. Oct. g.
Strong American assaults between
the Argonne and the Meuse failed,
the German war office states.
Allies attacks in the Champagne
and north of st. Quentin were re-
pulsed.
Between the Argonne . and the
Mouse continued American assaults
with strong forces failed" the state
ment said. North of st. Quentin and
in the Champagne enemy attacks
were repulsed."
The day statement reported fur
ther retirement in Flanders, a slight
French success north of st. Quentin,
and repulse of a Franco-Italian at
tack in the Chemin-des-Dames re.
gion.
Against our new lines the enemy
has followed by way of Bois Grenier,
Fournes, and wingles, and has
crossed the railway east Of Lens"
said the statement.
North of st. Quentin the French
gained footing in Lessins and Nor
court. We recaptured Lessins.
Between the Ailette and the
Aisne a united Franco-Italian attack
against the ridges and decIivities OF
the Chemin-des-Dames collapsed"
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-10-06
KING OF BELGIANS
WINNING VICTORY

The greatest battle fought on Bel
gian soil since the beginning of the
war is now developing under the su-
preme command of King Albert, de-
clare French official cables received
here.
Supported on the right by General
Plummer's second British army, and
on his left by the French, King AL
bert has met with success from the
hrst attack. German lines were
broken on a front running from Dix
nude to Ypres. and the attack then
spread northward and southwark.
The importance of the Belgian ad-
vance lies in its threat on Lille and
the bringing under fire of the i'm
portant rail line between Roulers
and Ostend. The line from Thouron
TO Client also is seriously threatened,
and should the Germans lose control
of 1t they will have to evacuate the
Relgian seacoast as far north as
Ostend. II they are forced to fall
back they must make a considerable
retirement to find positions OF any
great defensive value.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-10-06
ARMISTICE OFFER
NOT BIG SURPRISE

Prince Macmillan took office a. in
perisl chancellor Of Germany m
Thursday. succeeding Count Won Hert-
ling. At the same time Il was an
rounced that he would address thu
Reiehstas Saturday. setting forth the
aims OF the German government ana
, the future international policy.
1t Is possible that the onfer Of -,
armistice was contained in this
speech.
Count Macmillan was known a .
German with liberal tendencies. al
though French statesmen hailed M.
appointment as further evidence tha1
the milttartsts were still in central -
Berlin. This view was Offset to soma
extent by news from Amsterdam tha,
two Socialists had been taken Inte
the German ministry a. secretaries
without portfolio.
The report that Germany had asLsd
for an armistice. thus following ths
action OF Bulgaria, did not come a.
q complete surprise, as It had been
announced on Friday that the new
German chancellor was in conference
with the Kaiser and the Austrian
ambassador in Berlin and that thu
city was buzzing with rumors and
peace talk"
Germany and her allies have sui.
fered an unbroken chain Of defeat,
on all OF the battle fronts since the
middle OF July. While the Allies
were beating the Germans back on
the western battle front, the British
were forging ahead In Turkey ana
the British, French, Italians, Servians
and Greeks were putting Bulgaria out
OF business in the Balkans.