davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-10-23
OLD PIONEER PASSES ON.

=
Mrs. Lenora Brynan, widow Of the
late Henry Bryhan and mother of
Mrs. Henderson Halferty, Mrs. Geo.
A. Walker and Mrs. James Ellis, died
at the home of the latter daughter in
this city, Monday noon. Mrs. Bryhan
was 81 years of age last May. A more
extended obituary of this good wo-
man will appear later.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-10-23
THESE MAY MARRY.

Grant W. Dickman and Ruth Flor
inc, Cuba City
Raymond J. Druen and Cecilia Cha
put, Fennimore.
Christian Wentz and Myrtle Hi
Man, Harrison
Clyde H. Roth, Muscoda; Vera Fa-
eel Richland county.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-10-23
S. A. T. C. SWORN IN.

Twenty-eight of the, S. A. T. C.
boys were in Lancaster Thursday and
were indicted into military service
for the United States.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-10-23
HAROLD LOCKWOOD DEAD.

Harold Lockwood, the famous NOV
lie star, died Saturday at his New
York home of influenza He is sur
vived by a mother, wife and one child.
Mr.. Lockwood was 20 years old and
popular with movie fans.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-10-23
FINDS BIGGEST FIELD.

The October number Of Continent,
contains an interesting article on the
Lancaster Presbyterian church and its
pastor, Rev. Harberts. The article
describes the growth of the work in
this field since DR.. Harberts took
charge.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-10-23
TO HOLD INSTITUTES.

County Agent Weld has arranged
for three farmers Institutes to be
held in the county this winter during
either December or January. The
places selected were Bloomington,
Cuba City and Fennimore. L. F.
GRADER of the University, was here
Monday taking details to arrange a
program.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-10-23

Mrs. Maggie Ressmeyer of Miner
al Point, has been visiting the G. w.
Burrows family.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-10-23

Miss Myrtle Burrows has been quite
i'll with the flu but is better.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-10-23

Miss Elsie Brennan spent the week
end at her home here.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-10-23

M. v. Burris is among the sick.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-09

the pack is made up of the "Fool,"
which has no number, and twenty-on
"atouts": Cd The Juggler, (2) the
Papess, (3) the Emperor, (4) the
Empress, (5) the Pope, (6) the Lover,
CD the Chariot, (8) Justice, (9) the
Hermit, (10) the Wheel of Fortune.
(11) Fortitude, (12) the Pendu, or man
hanging by one leg, (13) Death, (14)
Temperance, (15) the Devil. (16) the
House of God, or Thunderbolt, (17) the
Star, (18) the Moon, (19) the Sun,
(20) Judgment, (2D the World.
This last is reckoned highest among
atouts, which again are of superior
value to the court or coat and minor
cards. The ".Fool" counts separately.
1t has no independent value but the
power to increase that Of any card in
combination with it, and answers to
the zero in Arabic numerals. II also
corresponds to the ancient Phil, or ele-
phant, of Indian chess, or the Fol, II
or "Fou," in the tower or castle.
The Juggler, or Master Of Fortune,
with his cap and bells, is another Ori-
entail symbol, modified to suit the
times. "Pope Jean," or the "Papess,'
refers to an alleged female occupant of
the Holy See for period of nearly
two years and half between tho pom
New-York tribune., 1918-06-09
A Stamp Tax on
Articles of Luxury

1t would certainly be far more easy
to convince the workmen in receipt Of
high wages that thrift and the pur-
chase sof war savings stamps are
vitality important factors in winning
the war if the unnecessary use Of
motor cars were to be discontinued
Upon a small class of automobile
owners still another tax should be
imposed.
Chauffers have mechanical aptitudes
and possess not little mechanical
skill. All of them could be usefully
employed in connection with our
shipbuilding programme or in allied
occupations. What conceivable objec-
ton then can there be to tax of SO
month, rising by stages to $50 a
month, on all employers of chauffeurs
for other than commercial and pro-
fessional purposes?
Automobile expenditure has been
considered in some detail for illus
trative purposes only. All other ave-
nues Of large unnecessary expendi-
New-York tribune., 1918-06-09
Origin of Playing Card Symbols

at first apparent, but which is also to
be found in Chinese packs Of n tab
lets. Thus, omit the fool, or zero, and
there remain in the pack IT cards. or
11x7, while the atouts and the others
separated give, respectively, 7x3 and
8x7. Now, 7 is the sacred number of
the Orient, which occultism uses also
to distinguish the periods Of human
ity's development from matter into
spirit, and this connection which i.
makes is therefore worth remark.
Otherwise with tarots it is the cards
which correspond to European atouts
that afford the clew to the original con-
ception. Thus, in certain Indian cir
cular cards the pack consists of 120
pieces in 10 suits each, with its pre-
siding "atavar," or incarnation Of
Vishnu. These are the Fish with fish
as emblems on the court and "pip"
cards, the Tortoise with tortoises, the
Boar with shells, the Manlion with
disks, the Buddha with lotuses, the
Dwarf with watering pots. Paracurams
with clubs, Rama with arrows, Vala-
rama with clubs. Of these Rama ranks
as the most powerful, club-rama COM
ing next. Here, too, the first Ave suits
are headed by four-handed kings and
the ten is reckoned highest, while to
reverse the process two-handed kings
control the last Ave groups. in which
the ace counts most.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-09

tifcation of Leo w and Benedict ILL.,
On the Italian tarots the "Lover" is
represented by regular Cupid, what
ever may have been the original love
emblem. The "Pendu" is suggestive of
Chinese torture, and possibly i'm
piled suspense, as the Egyptian "Char-
lot" speed or promptitude. 1t is signifi-
cant that 13 is the death" card. A
universally accepted emblem is the
"Devil," who had his personal appear
ance much embellished in the Middle
Ages. "The House of God" which
shows a house shattered by lightning,
is symbolical of desolation, the conse-
quence of a catastrophe. The "Star."
the "Moon," the Sun" objects Of prim-
tive worship, are sufficiently emblem
attic, and their accessories on European
tarots, as in the world" which has q
prayer meeting. are plainly after
thoughts.
The only method traceable in such IL
that Of class distinction, as in tarots Of
the four Indian castes; the vase il the
symbol of the priest, money Of the
merchant, the sword Of the warrior and
the club Of the tiller of the soil. Sim
ilarly on medieval cards swords sig
nified the nobility, chalices the clergy,
coins the citizens and clubs or slaves
the peasantry.
Yet. taking the entire tarot pack. the
whole Ia held together by 6 system not
New-York tribune., 1918-06-09

~ LAYING cards have an interesting
history. Popularity speaking,
they are supposed to date from
their so-called invention for the enter
tainment of Charles vi Of France by
Gringonneur, a miniature painter One
authority says that the game Jeu de
Roi is derived from the game Of cards
invented in days Of yore by an illus
trious and learned person. Such a dis
covery, however, is not likely to have
gone unchallenged, and Gringonneur
most probably got his ideas from the
original cards with emblematic figures
then in use for telling through
out Europe by the gypsies.
No specimen exists Of the original
cards, but traces Of them may be found
in the cards called Carrots" from the
Greek ITO pierce" A complete tarot
pack numbers seventy-eight, Of which
ffty-two have their equivalents in the
modern pack, namely. the forty pip
cards from the ace to ten and the -four
kings, queens and knaves. There were
originally besides four knights, which
later were suppressed. The balance OF
New-York tribune., 1918-06-09
LUXURlES TO THE COLORS

report of it's workings. The base
for the computation of the tax-the
return on invested capitals not
easily determined, thus inviting eva
sion and involving an inequitable
diversity Of assessment on taxpay-
ers who are in virtually the same
situation. Defective methods in levy
ing a tax become more and more
serious as the rates are advanced.
Whether the present excess profits
tax can be so amended that a drastic
advance in rates can be equitably
made should be given, most careful
consideration in Congress. It may be
found the wiser plan to retain or
even reduce the rates in the present
law and supplement it with a war
profits tax modelled after that in
successful operation in Great Britain
and most of the other warning coun-
tries. Based on the comparison of
profits before and during the war, a
war profits tax is a comparatively
simple tax to administer. Moreover,
experience demonstrates that very
New-York tribune., 1918-06-09

SLIPPER cent, and 25 per cent of the
entire income is paid on earned in
comes Of $12,500 and on unearned
incomes of $4,000. In addition to
the upward revision of rates, a
number of equitable changes in the
law would materially increase it's
yield. The rental value of houses
occupied by owners should be in
cluded in the determination of in
come. AT present they enjoy an
unfair advantage over those who
pay rent for their homes. Again,
the income from future issues of
municipal securities should in some
way be reached. This should be
done, among other reasons, to pre-
vent the unhealthy stimulation Of
municipal undertakings which an
artifcially low price for municipal
bonds will induce.
1t would be fruitless to attempt
to suggest changes in the detailed
provisions of the excess profits tax
law until the officials who are ad-
ministering the law shall have made
New-York tribune., 1918-06-09
as
Usual" Follv
Departing-Na-
ton Learning
That Savings
Must Pay for
Victory

ture should likewise be subjected to
onerous taxes. Here the luxury taxes
adopted in Great Britain and in
France furnish valuable precedents.
The recent British budget, for exam-
pie, contains provisions for the inn
position of stamp tax on purchases
Of all commodities which are deemed
luxuries, either from their nature or
their price, at the rate of two
pence to the shilling. This is a meth
Cd of dealing with the matter which
is far more satisfactory than the
taxation of producers or of dealers.
Neither class would have valid
ground for complaint, since, owing to
the curtailment of production Of lux
uries which is an unavoidable conse-
sequence Of the war, stocks Of such
goods are certain to appreciate in
value.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-09
ton on the part of every member OF

ton on the part of every member of
the community.
Initiation enhances the money cost
Of the war, and consequently the
burden of taxation after the war,
when prices will presumably fall to
lower level. But there is far more
immediate and vitality serious con-
sequence of inadequate saving.
The continuance of the civilian de-
mand for commodities seriously re-
tards mobilization of the labor and
capital of the country for war uses.
If drastic economy were universally
practised both labor and the owners
Of factories would be far more eager
to transfer their services to war
work. The insistent civilian de-
mand for goods is cause of friction
and delay which the offer of fancy
prices and wages by the government
does not entirely overcome.
Methods Should
Compel Saving
In shaping the war taxation and
also the war loan policy Of the gov
ernment two objects should and can
be attained. In the first place funds
in sufficient amount to carry on the
war must be raised. This is abso-
lutely esential In the second place,
in raising the necessary funds,
every effort should be made not in
consistent with the major object to
secure the funds by methods which
will induce and even compel saving
and economy by every member of
the community, rich and poor alike.
These two objects cannot possibly
be attained through piecemea,
patchwork legislation. A compre
hensive financial policy is required
To work out such a programme in
detail would far exceed the limits OF
a newspaper article, but the genera
scope and character of the policy
which is needed can be indicated
briefly with some approach to com,
pleteness.
Landlords Have an
Unfair Advantage
Under the present law the income
tax. and the excess profits tax art
the chief sources of revenue. They
should continue to be our main re
lance All super-tax rates excep
those on portions of income above
$500,000 should be sharply ad
vanced. In Great Britain all in
come in excess of $4,000 now pay
New-York tribune., 1918-06-09

be mentioned tea, at, say, 20 cents
pound (it is taxed a shilling a pound
in England) and other temperance
beverages. Sugar might we'll be taxed
2 or 8 cents pound; It is commod-
ity the consumption of which must be
kept down in any event. For the
same reason tax of, say, 81 bar
rel on wheat flour might properly be
imposed. These taxes would not SUBJ
ject any considerable number of peo-
pie to an intolerable burden. Thanks
to the intense war demand for labor
Of every description the poorest tenth
of our population, if able and willing
tc work, is better off than before the
war. For those incapable of work
some other and more adequate mode
Of relief should be adopted. A policy
which is desirable for the community
as whole should not be put aside on
account of incidental disadvanta-
geous effects upon an exceedingly
small minority.
Vicarious Service an
Object for Taxes
Against taxes and luxuries the su-
perficial objections which are raised
against taxes on articles of general
consumption do not apply. Such
obviously do not impose a grievous
burden during a great war, even
though they are made sufficiently
heavy to bring about an extensive
d'minution in consumption. Services
as we'll as articles of luxury should
be taxed. A few illustrations will
serve to show what can be done in
this branch of taxation. Consider the
case of The automobile, both its man.
ufacture and use. The men employed
in making the cars have the skill
needed in all sorts of war industries
the factories could be converted tx
war uses. Gasolene, it is said, can be
produced in quantities sufficient fol
all requirements, but its production
takes part of the scanty supply Of
labor and its transportation contrib
utes to the traffic congestion on the
railroads. The huge pleasure cal
mileage also is in part responsible
for the large amount Of labor ane
material employed in keeping high
ways in repair. In these circum
stances a tax on automobile sales
though proper souce of revenue, il
relatively unimportant.
A heavy tax should be imposed o,
the use of cars for pleasure pur
poses. This can be accomplished
through system of licenses to pur
chasers of gasolene. In England, be
fore the purchase of gasolene fo
pleasure use was cut off altogether, i
was found to be perfectly feasible t,
distinguish between commercial an,
rccreational uses, even when tn
same car was used for both pur
poses. A tax Of 20 cents a gallon o.
gasolene may seem excessive at frs
blush, but it should be borne in min,
that there is no kind Of expenditur
which is so conspicuous as the omni
present motor car.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-09

ment Of consumption now, j. e., by
saving, that the war can be
financed. Each of the three possible
methods of financing the war brings
about this contraction in consump-
tion, but with important differences
in the burden on different individ-
uals and classes in the community.
The issue of government paper
money and bank credit, whether in
the form Of bank notes or of de-
posits, enforces enconomy through
advancing prices, but in hap-haz-
ard fashion, and mainly from those
in receipt of stationery money in
comes. We would certainly regard
tax as most unjust which took
$500 or $40O a year from a woman
having a fixed income from bonds
of $1,000. And yet that is precisely
what we are doing in financing the
war in part by means of credit in
fation.
Subscriptions to Liberty bonds,
. from whatever source derived, pro-
vide the government with funds, but
those of them which are made by
banks and by means of loans by
commercial banks to subscribers are
an effective means of securing a
larger portion Of the total output Of
industry for war uses only because
the money incomes Of a large pro-
portion of the people do not ad-
vance at an even pace with rising
prices. The war can only be financed
with savings from current income.
Credit initiation is a potent means of
enforcing involuntary economy, but
in a most uneven and grievously un-
just fashion. Some escape entirely
and even profit from the situation
higher salaries and wages in the
case of many more, at least in part
offset the advance in prices; there
remains a very large number who
secure no relief whatever. They
contribute huge quota Of enforced
savings in support Of the war anc
have nothing to show for it, either
in Liberty bonds or even in the in
ward satisfaction of definite tas
payments to the government.
The Danger of
Further Imitation
Enlightened self interest, then
should prompt every one with sta
tionary or near stationary income
to advocate vigorously all measure.
; designed to induce or compel suf
fcient amount of direct saving t.
cover the entire cost of the war
; Frequently the high cost of living
is urged as reason against take!
which would fall upon people hav
ing very moderate or low incomes
! Such policy would be positivel.
harmful to those whom it is de
signed to benefit. Moderate taxa
ton of the we'll to do and light tax
ation of the rest of the community
together with voluntary saving i
order to subscribe to Liberty bond
have not provided the government
with funds sufficient to meet ou
war expenditures during the pas
year.
Credit expansion to somethin
like s2,0OO,0Oo,00o was required t
balance the account. There is, II
deed, evidence Of increasingly rigo1
Gus saving on the part of many pet
pie, but at the same time the e.
n penditures Of the government al
J. mounting with extraordinary rapie
d iry. There is, therefore, grave dar
e ger Of further and more rapid ii
: flation than we have as yet exp
IS rienced. 1t can be escaped only b
IS the adoption Of measures which Wi
J. induce drastic economy in consuml
New-York tribune., 1918-06-09
Luxuries Should
Be Heavily Taxed

High rates of income and excess
profits taxation are primarily, and
almost solely, to be favored because
Of the revenue which they will yield,
since much Of the money thus Sc
cured would have been saved and in
vested in Liberty bonds. But, OBJ
viously, billion secured by taxation
is more satisfactory from the point
Ct view Of the country as whole
than a billion secured by the sale of
bonds. Heavy taxes on articles Of
luxury and on few articles of gen.
eral consumption would also yield a
large revenue and at the same time
enforce economy in consumption,
thus setting free materials and labor
for war uses.
Tobacco is the only commodity in
widespread use which is heavily
taxed. Even so, it is taxed far less
heavily than in most if not all other
countries. Raise the tax on tobacco
by all means, but at the same time
tax, and tax heavily, few other arti-
cles of even more general consump.
tion. The importance Of taxing few
articles in this class heavily rather
than placing light taxes on many ar
ticles can hardly be over r-emphasized
A tax of a cent a pound on coffee
for example, would yield little reve
nue., and might or might not reduce
consumption appreciably. This woulc
depend largely upon whether the taz
were absorbed by producers and mid
dlemen, or used as the occasion fol
advancing the price from to S cent
a pound. A tax of 10 cents a pount
on coffee, on the other hand, woult
certainly reduce consumption, would
produce much revenue, and, since il
would certainly reduce consumption
no advance in price beyond tn
amount of the tax could be made b.
dealers.
Among other commodities which
would serve admirably as subject
for general consumption taxes ma.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-09
high percentage indeed $50 per cent

high percentage indeed $50 per cent
is taken in England) of profits en-
hanced during war can be taxed
away without untoward conse-
quences. Far from retarding, such a
tax seems positively to enhance war
industrial activities by removing
from the minds of the mass of the
people suspicious of huge profits to
the few.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1918-12-02

basket has been made entirely OF candy
twisted to look just like straw or wick
er. Inserted in the sides are decora
tons Of flowers and various trinkets
which are made of clear colored candy.
From the handle are suspended candy
cherries on. slender green stems. The
basket is filled with fresh chocolates
in their individual paper dishes. The
whole affair.is a work of art and was
made entirely by hand by the candy
maker at the shop. The window, also
contains many attractive dishes and
boxes Of fresh made candies for which
the shop is famous. During the time
that George Petrow, owner of the shop,
has been in military service, Mrs. Pet
row has continued the business in a
most satisfactory way and has won
highest hOnors in Fort Dodge for doing
a mans work during the war.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1918-12-02
On the Macedonian Front.

Peter Pappas, manager Of the Sugar
Bowl, received an Interesting letter
from his brother, Philip Pappas, writ
ten under date of October 6, while on
the Macedonian front, shortly after
Bulgaria had signed the armistice. Fol-
lowing is a brief extract from the let
ter:
Dear Brother: We're proud Of our
victory. The Hellenique army had the
courage and they didn't care about
their lives to give to their country.
Our division was the first to invade
the enemy's territory in an eight days
battle. We broke the proud defense
which they had prepared. If the fight
ing had lasted five more days, we
would have reached the capital of So
fla in Bulgaria. We had Germans, Bull
garians and Turks on the run and they
were forced to ask for an armistice.
They had to accept all the terms which
the allies and Greece put before them.
The whole army is celebrating the ar
mistice. l am sitting beneath a chest
nut tree singing the victory.
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1918-12-02
George Mertz Writes.

George MertZ, now with the Thirty
fourth division in France, has written
a letter to a Webster City friend under
date of Nov. 3. George was formerly
an employee Of the .Freeman-J Journal.
He writes that his division had a fine
trip over and that he was sea sick only
two days. They went by way Of Eng
land, where they stopped a week, when
they were sent on to France. George
writes that they must have visited ev-
cry town in France except Paris. Says
he: There are many sights in this
old country that are worth the price OF
admission to see, but the people are
backward and the homes are all built
on the same plan and it seems as
enough about five families live in each
hou
II am just getting on to how to count
French money and if learn the Ian
guage as quick, guess am all o. X.
saw VIM. Henry the other day. He
was 'merly in Company G of Web
ster lty, but he is now with the Rain
boI division. / had long talk with
him and he says war is hell in the front
lines. We have been shifted around
and there are only a few Of the Webster
City fellows left in this outfit.
1T seems to rain here seven days out
Of the week and when it doesn't rain,
it's damp and the sun never comes out
II also saw Pat Carson when we
came through one camp and had snort
talk with him." ~
Webster City freeman. [volume] (Webster City, Hamilton County, Iowa) 1884-1946, 1918-12-02
She's Doing q Mans Work.

The Fort Dodge Messenger gives high
credit to Mrs. George PetrOw Of that
city, formerly Miss Jennie Breiten-
lamp of Webster City, for the manner
in which she is running her husbands
business in the absence of the later
who is with the American Expedition.
airy Forces in France Says the Mes
eenger:
Among the windows especially dec
Grated for Thanksgiving, the one in the
Olympic Sweet shop is attracting per.
haps the largest share Of attention. A