davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
Is Million Join
RedCross During
Christmas Drive

WASHINGTON. Jan. sixteen
million new names were added 10
the membership rolls OF the Ameri-
can Red Ctvss as the result OF the
Christmas mem bership drive, Henry
=. Dawson. chairman Of the national
war council. announced Tuesday In
New Years greetings forwarded to
workers whose efforts made the
drive a big success.
The wonderful achievement OF
enrolling one-dfth of the entire pop
ulation Of the United states as menu
bers OF the American Red Cross
said the message. lis less a triumph
than il is a call 20 greater service.
The Red Cross is not merely a hu-
manitarian organization separate
and distinct from others, but il is
the modified heart and spirit OF the
whole American people. The Amer
lean Red Cross is carrying "A message
OF love and sympathy 10 American
soldiers and sailors and 10 the
troops and civilian population Of our
allies in all parts Of the world. II is
seeking TO shorten the war and IL is
seeking to lay a foundation for "a
more enduring peace when the war
is over As We stand on the TIRES
hold OF a New Year in this hour OF
the worlds tragedy there can he buf
one thought i'm the minds Of he
twenty-five million members OF the
American Red Cross. and that Is Co
serve and sacrifice as never before
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
WOMAN LURES CASHIER
TO STEAL BANKS FUNDS
International News Service

international News Service:
DENVER. Colo, Jan. Wv. K,
Stitt, 81 years old, cashier Of the
Farmers bank at Viola, H., in Gus
tody here, said today he would re-
turn to the Illinois town without
formal extradition. where he Is
wanted for the alleged theft Of So
600 Of the banks money.
The wiles o. Miss Lotus Wiles, 4
Peoria beauty. were responsible for
Stitt's defalcation and the desertion
OF a wife and three children. &C
cording TO his story TO police. He
gave the woman $4,000 when he left
Viola two weeks ago. he said, on
her promise TO meet him in Chi
cago. He has not seen her since
Stitt had S45 when arrested.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02

here 10 spend a several days pass
with his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. ia
cob Klein. south OF the city.
Harold Crum and Irving Beehler
have returned from ETingham. H.,
where they visited with the former
grandfather Theodore Harvey. for
the past week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry G.. Fisher OF
Chicago spent Tuesday with rela-
tives and friends here
Mrs. a. II. Herzog. Mrs. Irene
Kelley and daughter. Helen. 400 f.
Third St. left for the west. where
they will spend the winter.
Mr.. and Mrs. c. 3 Royston, sol
Z. Fifth St. have returned from FL
wood. Ind. where they spent Christ
mas and New Years with relatives
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
nsHAWAKA PERSONALS.

Lisle McNabb' headquarters COM
pany. fifth l. s. engineers, Camp
Scurry, Corpus Christi, Tex, has ar
rived here TO visit his parents, Mr.
and Mrs. Frank McNabb, E. JEFF
ferson I'd.
Miss Marie Landgraf los ".
Sixth St, left Tuesday for St Pc
tersburg, Fla. where she will visit
with relatives.
Musician Ben A. Fetters, goth L.
S. infantry band, has returned TO
Camp Greene, Charlotte. y. c, aft
er spending his furlough with his
parents, Mr. and Mrs. John ]. Fet-
tiers, EOS E Eighth St
.. a. Hindelang has returned TO
Detroit after spending the holiday
vacation with his mother. Mrs.
Margaret Hindelang, 1O7 W. Seventh
ST.
Carl J. Lang, CO. G. fifth L. s.
engineers. left Tuesday for Corpus
Christi, Tex, after spending his fur
Tough with his parents, Mr. and Mrs.
NJ. A. Lang. east Of Mishawaka.
Sergt. Fred J. Becher, Camp Tay-
Tor, Louisville, Ky, is visiting his
parents. Mr.. and Mrs. John T
Becher. PIG W. Seventh st.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Miller OF
Plymouth. Neb., are visiting with
the latter's sister, Mrs. John AL
bert, 2O3 E. Eighth ST
Musician Arthur c. Humbolt, 30th
L. S. infantry band, left Monday
evening for Camp Greene, Char
lotte. y. c, after spending his fur
Tough with his parents Mr.. and Mrs.
r. d. Thayer. 209 Cleveland St.
Glenn Coil goth L. s. infantry.
has returned 20 Camp Greene. Char
lotte, y. G.. after visiting with his
parents, Mr. and Mrs F. Coil.
Miss Maude Hollow of Chicago
spent Tuesday with relatives here.
Miss Harriet Breitenbach has re-
turned 70 Detroit after spending
Tuesday with Mrs. Margaret Hinde-
lang. 1O7 ". Seventh st.
Mr. and Mrs. ". Carter spent
Tuesday in Chicago.
The Misses Clara Kaylor and
Georgia Pier spent New Years day
visiting relatives and friends in Elk
hart.
c. {. Sweitzer, Hillside, left Wed
nesday morning for Springfield. No.
20 spend the remainder Of the win
ter.
Private Herman Klein Of Camp
Taylor, Louisville, KY, nas arrived
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
ENGLAND To REPLY
PEACE OFFER
Government Realizes PrOpOS-
ais Require Serious An
SWer From Entente.

LONDON. Jan. THE British
government recognizes that the
Brest-Litovsk peace proposals con-
stitute grave and new fact Of
which official cognizance must be
taken. says the Daily Chronicle. I'm
reporting as did the Manchester
Guardian yesterday. that the British
government intends 70 return a Sc
rious and reasonable reply 10 the
Austro- German peace terms when
presented officially. The Chronicle
adds that the United States Great
Britain. France and Italy already
are exchanging views concerning
the peace proposals.
The reported visit of Premier
Lloyd George TO Premier Clemen-
ceau. II declares. is an inteIligent an
ticipation which may OF may not,
be realized
Separate Peace Danger.
The Petrograd correspondent OF
the Daily News wonders whether the
danger Of a separate peace is real
lied in England. He says it would
be a defeat for German democracy
in addition 10 insuring the virtual
enslavement Of Russia, as il would
be a victory for the military caste
i'm Germany
1T may mean, he says. much
more than Russia's neutrality. II
we make no move. it seems possible
that the Germans will ask the Rus
slams 10 help them in enforcing
Russian peace terms on the entente
allies Trotzky is we'll aware OF the
danger. though faced with the ne
cessity of concluding peace, and is
doing his utmost to stimulate a rev
olution in Germany F'raternization
at the front already has passed be
yond control of enemy officers and
enormous quantities of revolution
airy newspapers printed in German
are being distributed.
Urges Allies Take Hand.
Il am convinced our only chance
i'm defeating German designs is TO
publish terms as near the Russian
terms as possible and by taking a
powerful hand i'm the proposed con-
ference TO help the democratic
movement i'm Germany while help
ing the Russians 70 force the Ger
man government in the direction IT,
has had to take.
Whatever party might be i'm
power i'm Russia it will be com
PEELED 10 conclude peace and
Trotzkys method is more likely 10
damage Germany than the method
of any more polite person in his
place. The naturalization of the
banks puts weapon more pow erful
than the guilitine in the hands Of
the government and probably will
end much of the present sabotage.
The writer foreshadOws a further
leavening of the ministry Of men
from other parties joining the gov
eminent.
The Petrograd correspondent Of
the Times. who is visiting in Lon
don. continues his anti bolsheviki
statement today. He says it is not
unlikely that the Germans who are
now reckoning upon the great ad-
vantages they expect from the Rus
sian revolution, Will suffer a grevious
disappointment provided the friends
of the Russian nation offer it help
ing hand. He implies that the Rus
sian people will not continue TO sub
nit to German exploitation through
bolshevik Adventures, if closer
union is established between Russia
and the entente allies
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
ASKS u. S. MEDIATOR IN
RAILROAD CONTROVERSY
International News Servlce !:

international News Service: -
BLOOMINGTON. H., Jan. .. -
Services of a government mediator
have been requested in the oontro-
versy between agents, operators and
tOwermen Of the Chicago and Alton
railroad and their employers. The
committee representing the men
and officials Of the road were unable
to reach an agreement at confer
ences held here.
The company has objected 10 time
and a half pay for Sunday work
insisted upon.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02

With the exception of two
changes and two new appointments,
Mayor Gaylor's assistants at the city
han VIII remain the same for the
ensuing term OF four years. V. J.
Pfender has been named TO take
the place vacated by Chief Of Police
Thomas Kreiter and Charles r..
Shelton viii succeed Fire Chief A.
j. Buysee. Dr. H. p. Van Rie has
been placed on the board of health
10 assist Dr. G.. a. DresCh. and
Harry Willard will act as civilian
member.
\. Y. Klein Retained.
Mayor Gaylor announced that he
would recommend 20 the board Of
public works the reappointment Of
a. r. Klein as superintendent Of
the water works and electric light
plants. and Henry Van Acker as
custodian OF the city hall. The
members of the board OF safety viii
be selected from the city council
and will be announced later. Harry
T.. Strubbe has also been reappoint-
ed as city sealer.
Y j. Pfender has been a resident
OF the city for nearly IA years. He
IS married and resides az 612 Elm
st. For some time past he has
been an GmplOye of the Mishawa6a
Wooden Mfg Co He occupies the
Office of chancellor commander and
master o. work in the X. of p.
order. Mr. Pfender is physically
well suited 10 the position of police
chief. STANDING over six feet in
height lie is appointed by Mayor
Gaylor with the assurance that he
viii successfully du the position
Charles Shelton. new chief of the
FIRE department. has lived in the
city about % years. For the past
six years he has been connected
with the fire department, the last
two years in the capacity of assist
ant CHIEF He was recently married
and lives at S21 y. Main 81.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
DROP 100 BOMBS ON
GERMAN TROOP BlLLETS

LONDON JAN THE oficial
communication dealing with aNia-
ton was ISSUED Tuesday evenns.
Very little FLYING was possible
Monday. owing TO the mist. Dur
ing the night. although the improve
ment was only slight our airplane
dropped over a hundred bombs on
hostile billets in the neighborhood
OF Roulers and Menin. Several di-
rect hits We're obtained a NOV
ing train also was bombed and HIT
All OF our machines returned"
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
GREAT NEW SERIAL.

Al the temple theater today will
be seen Pathe's most thrilling Sc
rial, The Hidden Hand Helen
Holmes i'm THE Lost Express" and
when Clubs Were Trump a
Lonesome Luke two-par' comedy,
via finish the bill. THURSDAY comes
Juliette Day i'm The Rainbow Girl, IS
an entertaining five-act drama fea-
luring the popular Mutual star.
Gradlys Brockwell in the great Fox
picture. Conscience" will he seen
ErIday.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
REICHSTAG APPROVES
PEACE NEGOTIATIONS

ROTTERDAM. Jan. 2-Mathia F.
Erzterger Of the clerical party
Friedrich Ebert ~ the socialist par
~ and Herr FisChbeck of the pro-
gressives have informed the Berlin
correspondent OF the Nieuwo Rotte-
damChe Courant that thc German
declaration az Bfesl-Litvosk is ap-
proved unreservedly by the mem bers
OF the reichstae main committee
The members Of this committee
represent the majority parties re-
sponsible for the reichstag peace
resolution 0f July 10
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
TWO KILLED, SIX HURT
IN BOILER EXPLOSION

WASHINGTON. Jan. .. - Two
men were killed and six severely
burned at the Philadelphia navy
yard Tuesday by the explosion of "A
four-inch boiler tube. A navy de
partment statement announcing the
accident says the tube is believed 10
have been defective.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
PFENDER NAMED
CHIEF OF POLICE
GayIor Announces City Hall
Appointments For En-
suing Term.

Walter Michael.
City AtfOrney-Ralph IT. Jer-
ncgan.
City Engineer-J L. stevens.
street C0mmissioner-Charles
W. Doolittle.
Board OF Public Works-A. -.
Warner. vs.. TT. Tupper. 7. b.
McDOnough.
Board of Public Works-Dr.
g. a. Dresch. I,r. l.. r. Van RE,
Harry willard
Chief OF Policy. }. Pfen-
der
Chief o. Fire Department
Charles u. Shelton.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
GOTHAM COAL FAMINE
Is PARTLY RELIEVED

International News Service:
NEW YORK. Jan. with the
arrival of a number OF carloads OF
coal New York's fuel famine was
partly relieved today. Coal is being
shipped into the city through the
Pennsylvania railroad tubes running
under Hudson river. and thousands
Of carloads are expected 10 reach
this city through that channel with
in the next few DAYS.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
HISTORY CLUB MEETS.

Members OF the History club of
the high school enjoyed a New
Years party at the public library
Tuesday evening. The evening was
spent with games and dancing and
refreshments were served.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
ENTERTAIN FOR PARENTS.

Mrs. Lewis P. Swanger entertain
ed at a New Years dinner in honor
of Mr.. and Mrs. ]. Q. Swanger, ST.
Covers were laid for Il. The out
Of town guests were Mr.. and Mrs
Ed holland and Mr.. and Mrs. Ira
holland OF South Bend.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
HOSPITAL NOTES.

Rene Gravel. sol w. Sixth ST..
was admitted 20 81. Joseph's hospi-
tai Tuesday evening for treatment.
Enos Carlson. y. Main St. who
Is suffering from pneumonia, has
been taken 70 the hospital
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
IA. O. t. VI. TO MEET.

Knights OF the Maccabees viii
hold a meeting this evening at their
hall. Main st. and Lincoln way +.
Installation Of officers will take
place All Maccabees are requested
TO be present and are privileged 20
invite friends. Refreshments will
be served
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
RETURN FROM EFFINGHAM.

Harold Crum and Irwin Beehler
returned from EmnSham, Ill.
where they were visiting with the
formers grandparents Mr. and
Mrs. Theodore Harvey. They stop
pee en- route i'm Frankfort. Ind.
where they were entertained by for
mer Coach Turley.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
INTIMATE INCREASE IN
BRITISH SHIP LOSSES
lternational News Servlce

Internatl0nlT NEWS NofVI0o.
LONDON. Jan. An intimation
that the British shipping losses may
show an increase this week was
contained i'm he statement today
that Germany Is now making her
greatest submarine drive. The state
ment came from a person in author
ity. but ne refused 10 allow the use
OF his name
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
YOUNG GREEK GETS
IN BAD WITH j. s.
Alex Demos Tells Elaborate
But Fictitious Story to
Escape Draft.

Alex Demos, well known young
Greek. has run afoul of the federal
authorities in his eagerness to keep
out of the trenches. Demos, who
registered at Grand Haven, Mich,
declared the day before Christmas
in the office of 1. X. Parks, chair
man of the legal advisory board,
whom he had solicited for aid in
hlling out his QUESTIONABLE. that he
has been the sole support of an aged
father and mother and three broth
ers and one sister in Tripolis,
Greece. since september. 1912.
He asserted that he has been in
the custom of sending them $500 a
year and was, at that time, abso-
lutely penniless. His story was to
all appearances a flawless one, but
it nevertheless created some suspic-
ion in the mind of Mr.. Parks. Later,
acting on his advice, the police au-
thorities arrested Demos for carry
ing concealed weapons and the case
started an investigation in the mat
I ter OF his exemption claim.
Is Not PenniIeSs.
II is now known that he not only
is not penniless, but has in his pos
session at the present time some
thing like $1,000. His father. whom
he described as a helpless old man
in PARKWAY Greece, is an every day
laborer in a local factory and has 10
his credit in a local bank nearly So
500. He has always supported his
! family in the old country.
While he might have claimed ex-
emption on the grounds of being an
alien. the young foreigner refused TO
do so. knowing that under thOse cir
cumstances he might be returned for
! service 10 his native land To evade
the questions Of the authorities and
10 furnish a plausible alibi. after he
realized his romancing had been dis
covered, Demos professed ignorance
Of the English language and declar-
ed that he had been frightened into
telling a wild tale Of his financial re-
sponsibilities He is being held
under $500 bond. his trial 70 come
up next Monday in the city court.
Meantime the federal authorities at
Indianapolis have been notified
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
FNTFRTAIN FOR SOLDIER.

Mr. and Mrs. A. j. Eager Of Hill
side entertained with a New Years
dinner Tuesday at noon for Private
James NJ. Sweitzer OF Fort II. a.
Russell. Wyoming Covers were
placed for 10 guests.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
MANY AFFAIRS
USHER IN YEAR
Event is Celebrated With Less
Demonstration Than
Usual.

Very little demonstrations mark
ed the advent of the New Year.
With the striking of the clocks at
midnight, a few bells were chimed
and here and there a factory whistle
sounded its note for a short time.
The stiffness was in decided con-
trast 10 the usual din with which
the old year is speeded and the new
year welcomed in. The usual num-
Der OF Watch" parties. however.
served 10 make the evening enjoy
able.
One Of the pleasantest of the
numerous affairs was the New
Years eve surprise. which served
also TO celebrate the tenth wedding
anniversary of Mr.. and Mrs. John
Miller. w. First ST The guests
were made up of members of the
L. o. T. NJ with their husbands
and families. They marched in a
body TO the Miller home where they
succeeded in successfully surpris-
ing them.
Many delightful pastimes served
to make the evening thoroughly en-
joyable Musical selections were
rendered by Miss Harriet Johnson,
Miss Leona Chamberlin. Miss Ber-
nice Edgar and Leonard Chamber
lin and vocal numbers by the
Chamberlin brothers. Miss Johnson
and Miss Dorothy Loshbou&
Mrs. Ida 3. Johnson gave an in
teresting talk at the close of the
evening. \ splendid collection of
tin ware was presented to the host
and hostess by their guests.
Miss GChring Entertains.
Miss Helen Gehring. 222 f.
Eighth st, entertained 90 young
people at a watch party Monday
evening. one of the features of the
evening was The dance of the Al
lies" by Miss Clara Jean Borst In
a guessing contest the favors were
awarded TO Amandus Vanderbosch
and Miss Mary Carroll. In a bean
contest Miss Nettie Krushanski re-
ceived the prize. Dancing was also
enjoyed. A delicious luncheon was
served.
Class Party.
Members of the True Blue class
OF the Coalbush Sunday school en-
tertained the members OF the Young
Married Peoples class, at a watch
party, at the home of Mr. and Mrs.
John Fulmer. two and oDe-half
miles south of the city Monday
evening.
Charles Rock secured the first
favor in a guessing contest and the
consolation fell TO Mr.. Kline.
A four course luncheon was
served. Covers were laid for 40.
After the dinner. a number of clev-
er representations of Romeo and
Juliet were given. Some recitations
were also given.
The True Blue class presented its
teacher. Clyde Rogers, with a re-
membrance and the Young Married
Peoples class gave their teacher,
, Mrs. Aaron Weiss, a pretty gift as
a token of appreciation.
A flashlight of the group was
taken.
New Years Eve Dinner.
Miss Margaret Brunwell. :. Union
St. entertained a party of II guests
at an o'clock dinner, Monday even
I ing. The table decorations were
red and white with miniature
Christmas trees. Among those
present was Miss Marjorie Brun-
well. a sister Of the hostess of Chi
cage.
Mr.. and Mrs. Simon +. Wade OF
south of Mishawaka. entertained at
watch party Monday evening. The
chief feature of the evening was
dancing Music was contributed by
! the Misses Grace and Katherine
White Luncheon was served.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02

PHILADELPHIA. Jan. . - The
two men killed AT the Philadelphia
navy yard were Negro fremen.
They were residents Of Philadelphia.
The six men injured reside here.
The power house in which the eX-
pIosion occurred was only slightly
damaged.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
TO CLOSE AUDITORIUM.

To conserve coal, the officials OF
the English Lutheran church have
decided hereafter 10 hold their ser
vices in the Sunday school room
OF the church instead OF the audi
forum
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02

Deposits made at the First
Trust & Savings CO. before Jan. Il
viii draw interest from Jan. at
four per cent. In same building
and under same management as
First Natioaai Bank. Adv.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02

William Meyer. LincOlnway Z.
entertained Il OF his little boy
friends Monday evening. The boys
nrst attended the Temple theater.
after which they went 20 the Meyer
home where they spent the re-
mainder of the evening Games
and contests were the chief features.
Luncheon was served
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-02
MISHA w AKA
WANT ADS

FOUND-Hunting dog Call either
phone. rs. ASK for Shreve 2t3
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1918-10-25
PEACE
OFFERED -FOUR .
YEARS SINCE

LONDON. Oct. aS.--- British Ad-
miralty wircless) Now that Ger
many wants peace. Il is n useful re-
minder to give briefly the terms
which four years ago Count Won Bern
storff. then German ambassador In
Washington. declared an III to be Inn
posed ON France. They are:
ALL French colonies and all north
eastern France to be taken BY Ger
many.
Am indemnity Of 100000, 900
pounds $4,000. 900. .00O to be paid.
s.-A tariff to be established allowing
all German goods to enter France
free for 25 years without reciprocity
fer French goods entering Germany.
NO recruiting to be allowed In
France for IS years.
5.-All French fortrcsscs to be des-
troyed.
6.-France to surrender 100000
rifles. 5000 cannon and 1000 horses.
7.-Ail German patents In France
to be projected without reciprocity
for French patents In Germany.
s.--Trance to cut herself adrift from
Russia and Great Britain.
9.-France to make an alliance with
Germany for IS years.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1918-10-25

ports received here from Washington.
The reports say the breeches. whicn
to all intents and purposes are rid
Ing breeches. have proved unsuitable
for wear In the trenches and have
been replaced by new type Of trous-
or. this tapers sharply from the knee
downward but lacks the lacing which
distinguishes the breeches.
The new garment IL reported to
require less cloth and labor for manu-.
facture than the old. II Is expected
available stocks OF the old clothing
will be used up In issues to troops In
this country before the new style Is
seen here.
The evening herald. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1906-1942, 1918-10-25

Falls aud was responsible for the
wholesale vice clean up here, has re-
turned here. He Is accompanied by
Private O'Rourke who IL registered
at the White Pelican Hotel from
Ypres, France.
Miss Sara T. Van wormer, who has
charge Of the Home Service section
OF the American Red Cross for this
district and who has been In Lake
County for several days following her
previous visit here has returned on
her way to Seattle Headquarters. She
is guest ut the White Pelican Hotel
Principal Fred Peterson OF tho
High school at Merrill came in yester.
day afternoon on matters Of busin-
ess. He reports that there IRE no
cases OF the Spanish influenza. thus
far at Merrill. but that all meetings
are closed and that Il Is hoped by
taking the proper precautions TO
avoid the epidemic. The crops there
are now harvested and a fine yield rs
reported. The early rains have made
possible a large amount Of fall plow-
ing this year for which the farmers
are grateful.