davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1918-11-25

Nuo kar6s pradzios Italia
iSviso paSaukG j armija beveik
pusSeSto milijono vyrq, is. kl-
riu bcveik pusantro milijono
zuvo. Is zuvusiQju vienq mill
jona galima skaityti visai zu-
vusiais tautai, nes puse IS jQ
yra jau mire (350,O00 krito
kar6s laukuose.).
1stikruju Italijos armija su-
sideda is 4,025,000 vyrQ, II
net 1900 m. gimusieji yra pa
init kariuomen6n. Is tukstan-
clio sveikQjQ vyrv, rs yra ap-
ginkluoti il 305 kariauja ant
ivairiQ frontQ.
Per iris metus kares, per
keturiolikq ofensyvu prie Is
onzo il prie Piavos, nuolati-
niuose baisiuose ranka is rai:-
kos susirGmimuose DO guogas
labai staciQ kalnQ, uzimtQjQ
ret liz augSciausiQ virSutiniQ,
jie paam6 is prieso j kar6s De-
laisve 44S9 oficierius IL l69,-
S96 kareivius. Kaip toje mazai
tezinomoje kar6je Italijos ka-
revival turi kariauti netik prizes
Vietos sunkenybes galima sp6-
ii kadir is to, jog jie turejo is
tiesti 1900 kilometru teleferiS-
kQju vielQ IL padirbti $500 XII
lometru naujQ keliQ tarpe ne
pereinamQju kalnQ guogQ.
Toks didelis militaris pasi-
stengimas yra tik supranta-
mas atsimenapt joe. is 36 mi
lijonp gyventoju, kuriuos TIA
LIZA skate prizes kare, tik II
milijonu terra vyrll, po intek-
me didelios iSeivyst6s tvirciau
siQju vyrQ, is tn II milijonQ,
tik devyni beliko mamie. ka-
reivius Gmimas padare tai,
jog ant kiekvieno 1000 uzau-
gusiu il mamie pasilikusiq Wy
III ispuol6 320 mazmecip, jau-
nesniu kai Is metu. Oar dides-
Mai ju pasistengimai paslro-
do, jei atsiminsime, jog del
ypatingos Seimynos sastatos,
moteru darbas, nors il priejo
prize krasto, teciau nepasieka
tos svarbos, kuria pasiekia XII
tose salyse.
Cia galima pat6myti dar vie
na dalyka, butent, jog Italia
negavo is savo kolonijq 10
kios pagelbos, priesingai, del
mazumo Italijos kolonijose
kareiviQ skaiciaus, j turejo
siusti kareivius is Italijos jas
ginti. Italijai negelb6Jo nei SUI
tariffs del darbininkQ SUI neu-
tralemis az talkininkq salimis,
atbulai, daugel darbininku bu-
vo issipsta is Italijos j Pran-
cuzija, tue jai padedant tureti
reikalinga skaiciu sveiSp dar-
bininkp. Reikia taip-pat atsi-.
mint, jog didele dalis Italijos
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1918-11-25
Washington, lapkr. 2

- PrancuzQ marsalas Pc
tain, kaip pranesama is Parry
ziaus, zada atkeliauti Ameri-
kon, kad asmeniSkai padekoti
Raudonojo Kryzziaus organi-
zacijai uz jos atliktus didelius
darbus kares metu.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1918-11-25
Wis OAR SERGA PULK.
HOUSE.

Washington, lapkr. %.
Pulkininkas House, persona
lis prez. Wilsono atstovas,
Wis dar serga Paryziuje. Pre-
zidentas tue labai susirupi-
nes.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1918-11-25

Washington, lapkr. %.
Senate privilegijQ If rinklmq
komitctas nubalsavo panal-
KNIT tardymus prizes senate
riQ La Toilette uz sito nelo-
jales kalbas.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1918-11-25

= Washington, lapkr. 25.
= S. V. vyriausybe Belgijai
paskolino dar 100000 dole
riu.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1918-11-25

= Paryzius, laplr. 22.-
sito menesio pabaigoje Parry
ziip Iii aplankys Anglijos kara
Illus.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
ONE MORE BETRAYAL.

Teutonic armies are moving into Russia
along three paths-through Finland toward
Petrograd, eastward from Riga to the same
objective, the nation IS capital, and from Minsk
toward Moscow. Further south the Austrians
are operating in the vicinity of Lutsk. These
advances are practically unopposed. Where
the Russian armies have not been dlsbanded,
they are only cowardly mobs without order,
discipline, patriotism or spirit to make a stand
The radical government is issuing constant,
frenzied calls to the people to rally and wage
a guerilla warfare; but the disorganization is
so complete that the border provinces are at
the mercy of the invaders.
Western Russia, already suffering from fam
ine will now be robbed and devastated as
Serbia was Petrograd may be occupied, and
there is possibility that Moscow will be. Yet
aside from such meager supplies as the invaders
obtain their operations in the field cannot af
feet the outcome of the war which will be de-
cided in Belgium and France. Victories in
Russia will only overthrow the Lenine travesty
Of a government the sooner, disillusion the
ignorant and misled masses and hasten the
creation of saner government or the appear
ance of military dictator. Russia under her
traitorous or crazy radicals sowed to the wind
and is reaping the whirlwind; and, as far as
the allies are concerned may as well be over
whelmed by Germany as to cooperate with her.
She trusted German promises and has been be-
trayed and foully dealt with, as every other
nation that builds on Teutonic good faith would
be. The lesson probably will not be lost on the
other powers but strengthen their determine
ton to stamp out miitarism root and branch
and rid the world of the Hohenzollern peril.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
Pain is no longer pain when it is past
Margaret j. Preston.
KENNEDy's CANDIDACY.

Charles 4. Kennedy representative in con-
gress from this district, viii be a.candidate for
denomination at the republican primary. His
strength as a candidate has heretofore been
proved and that has been based upon &C.
Qualities in accomplishment that were felt in
their influence upon the wellbeing Of the entire
district. There is an intimation that Mr.. Ken
nedy viii not be opposed in the primary; and
that is well-well for any small opposition that
may have been in process Of development and
engineered by interests of self-seeking char
acter. Mr.. Kennedy will be candidate in the
primary; he will be renominated. AS candi-
date at the general election he will appeal on
his record for the support of all without regard
to party. He has been a consistent upholder
of the administration in its policy of war con-
duct and for that stand has won the admiration
of those of the opposite party who recognize
loyalty as moving force in these strenuous
times. Mr.. Kennedy will command the votes
of hundreds of democrats who are not back
ward in breaking party lines when the interests
of the country are involved.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
CHILD GET SICK
CROSS, FEVER|S|
IF CONST|PA1|
"cALiFoRNIA SYRUP OF 81
CAN'T HARM TENDER
STOMACH OR
BOWELS.

A laxative today saves a sick \
tomorrow. Children simply will
take the time from play to en-
their bowels. which become clog
up with waste, liver gets sluga
stomach sour.
Look at the tongue, mother!
coated, or your child is listless, CT
feverish, breath bad. restless. doe
eat heartily. full Of cold or has
throat or any other children's
ment, give a teaspoonful Of q
fornia Syrup of Figs" then d
worry, because it is perfectly hs
less, and In a few hours all this
stipation poison, sour bile and
menting waste will gently move
of the bowels. and you have a \
playful child again. A Thorough
side cleansing" is oftimes all thai
necessary. 1t should be the
treatment given In any sickness.
Beware Of counterfeit fig syn
Ask your druggist for bc
of California Syrup of Figs" VII
has full directions for babies. 4
dren of all ages and for grown
plainly printed on the bottle. L
carefully and see that it is made
the California Fig Syrup
pany."
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
BIG EATERS GET 4
KIDNEY TROUb|
Take Salts at first sign Of BIad
Irritation or Back
ache.

The American men and won
must guard constantly against 4
ney trouble, because we eat too mi
and all our food is rich. Our BIZ
Is filled with uric acid which
kidneys strive to filter out, .
weaken from overwork, become 81
gish; the eliminative tissues d
and the result is kidney trout
bladder weakness and a general
cline in health.
When your kidneys feel like luu
of lead; your back hurts or the url
is cloudy, full Of sediment or you
obliged to seek relief two or TIL
times during the night; If you !
fer with sick headache or dizzy, .
yous spells, acid stomach, or ]
have rheumatism when the weat1
is bad, get from your pharmad
about four ounces Of Jad Salts; "a
a tablespoonful In a glass OF wal
before breakfast for few days
your kidneys will then act fine. II
famous salts is made from the a
OF grapes and lemon juice, combll
with lithia, and has been used
generations to flush and stimuli
clogged kidneys; to neutralize
acids in the urine so 1t no Longer
source of irritation, thus end
bladder disorders.
Jad Salts is inexpensive; cam
injure, makes a delightful eheT
cent Whitewater beverage, and
longs in every home, because nooo
can make a mistake by having
good kidney flushing any time.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
ThompsonIsm Defeated.

CHICAGO, Feb 27.-In the first
war time aldermanic primaries here,
"Thompsonism" suffered staggering
defeat, complete returns showed to-
day. Even the home wards of the
mayor and Fred Lundin, his chief
aid, turned against them.
The primaries set new low mark
for voting in Chicago. but the fire
was concentrated and with one ex-
ception men bearing even family the
brand of ''Thompsonism" were
brought down.
The one woman candidate polled
but 140 votes, 95 Of those being from
sister voters.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
HUGE WAR INSURANCE. TOTAL,

Young men In the armed service Of the United
States have applied for war insurance to
grand total sum of nearly eight billion five
hundred thousand dollars. About one million
men have applied for the insurance This
evinces laudable spirit among those brave
champions of freedom and democracy It de-
notes manly thoughtfulness of dependent loved
ones whom they have left behind Those who
have insured themselves can go into battle
without foreboding as to the means of susten-
ance for their loved ones should they be struck
down in battle
Much is TO be said in praise Of this war in
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
TODAY'S BIT OF VERSE
THE SOUTHERN MOON.

The OF the North is silver clear.
Silver and crystal cold:
But the moon OF the South is molten FIRE,
The moon of the South is gold
The moon of the North CLEANS through the pines,
High Ger the frozen SHOWS;
But low in the SKY through the throbbtng palms
The while / dream in your crcling arms
Fiamelike the South moon CLOVIS.
The stars chill in the frozen North
Giants in the icy Skies
Bus the stars of the South burn through the blue
Like the lovelight in your eyes.
Opalhued waves Of the sapphire sea,
Turquoise sky OF the South,
Tenderest zephyrs of pure perfumes,
Watt me the sweetest of blood-red blooms
Like the Kisses OF your mouth
The moon Of the North is silver clear,
Silver and crystal cold
But the moon of the South is molten fire,
The moon of the South is gold
Robin Anderson, in Peoples Home Journal.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
Would Cripple War Work.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service. ]
CHICAGO, Feb. 27-John E.
O'Hearn. general manager for Ar
mour and Co., told Federal Arbitra-
tor Samuel Alschuler that establish
ment of an eight hour work day in
packing plants now would cripple war
work. He testified for the packers
in the stock yards wage controversy
hearing.
plants throughout the country are
built and arranged for ten hour
work day." O'Hearn said. cit would
be necessary to remodel and rebuild
practically every plant. If an eight
hour day were adopted It would
cripple the work packing plants are
doing for the government. Packers
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
Iurnlna Back Flour.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.
WEST LIBERTY, Iowa, Feb. 81
Farmers in this district. already
owners of many Liberty bonds and
war stamps, have gone another step
in doing their bit.
Several hundred pounds of flour,
purchased last summer by the farm
ers, is being returned to the grocers
in order that it can be distributed
among persons whose supply is eX-
hausted.
1t is expected that more than atom
will be returned this week.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
We Are "ltV

Philadelphia Public Ledger: In
the speech from the throne King
George is quoted as follows: THE
United States Of America decided to
take their stand" The use Of their"
is an anachronism. 1t is true that IL
was customary before the civil war
to refer to the United States as
they" but it was then demonstrated
to the satisfaction of everybody that
the United States is at"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

Washington Press: When man
gets up and talks patriotism and
makes a lot of noise, of course he gets
a lot Of credit for being patriotic, but
oft times there are others who are
never heard, but are doing ten times
as much real patriotic work.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

Chicago "drys" claim to ha,,
600 out Of the necessary 1o6 5oo
natures for a referendum on h,
ing booze from the fcity. Pros'
favor a test vote at the spring
ton.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
A UNIQUE POEM
Each Numbered Line Is From
Different Author.

The following, each numbered Inc
NV a different author, was sent 10 tne
Firing Line by Mrs. II. A. Deming OF
81 why all this toll for triumphs OF
an hour?
a-Idfe's a short summer. man
s-Ry turns we catch the vital
breath, and die,
4--The cradle and the tomb. alas; so
nigh.
ito be is better far than not to De-
Though all mans life may seem
tragedy;
But light cares speak WISH
mighty cares are dumb
s-The bottom is but shallow whence
they come.
e-Your fate is but the common rate
Of all;
1o-Unmingled joys here to no man
befall.
11--Nature to each allots MS proper
sphere,
12-Fortune makes folly her Qecuiiaf
care;
1S-Custom does often reason over
rule,
14-And throw a cruel sunshine on
fool.
15-Live well how long or short, per
NIT to heaven,
16-They who forgive most shall De
most forgiven.
17-Sin may be clasped SO close we
cannot see it's face
1s-yile. intercourse where virtue
has no place.
19-Then keep each passion down.
however dear,
2O-!Thou pendulum betwixt a smile
and tear.
21-Her sensual snares let faithless
pleasure lay,
22-With craft and skill to ruin and
betray.
23-Soar not too high to fall, but
stoop to rise;
24-We masters grow OF that we
despise.
$50 then renounce that impious
self esteem;
26-Riches have wings and grandeur
is a dream.
27-Think not ambition wise because
it's brave,
2S-The path of glory leads but to
the grave.
29-What is ambition? 'Tis glor-
ious cheat,
3O-Only destructive to the brave
and great.
31-What's all the gaudy glitter of
crown?
32-The way to bliss lies not on beds
Of down.
33-How long we live, not years. but
actions tell:
34-That a man lives twice who lives
the first life well.
35-Make, then. while yet we may.
your God your friend,
36-Whom Christians worship, yet
not comprehend.
37-The trust that's given guard, and
to yourself be just;
3S-For live we how we can, yet die
we must.
Can you identify all the authors?
No? We're astonished. Well. to help
you out, Mrs. Deming also sent along
the following key: 1, Young; 2. Dr..
Johnson; 3, Pope; 4, Prior; 5, Sewell;
6, Spenser: Z, Daniel; s, Sir Walter
Raleigh; 8, Longfellow; 10, South
well; IL. Congreve; IL, Churchill;
Is, Rochester; IA, Armstrong; Is,
Milton; 16. Baily; II. Trench; Is,
Somerville; 10, Thomson; 20. Byron:
81. Smollett; %, Crabbe; %. Mas
singer; "a, Crowley: Is, Beattie: &c,
Cooper; ~, Sir Walter Davenant;
2S, Fray; %, Willis; 80, Addison; 81,
Dryden; 80, Francis Quaries; 33, Wat
kins; "a, Herrick: 35, William Mason;
So, Hill; 81, Dana; 3S. Shakespeare.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

The world that once you knew seems broken and de-
stroyed you. You MI let them know-the
children cruelty and the hate that
wracks the world-keep It from them. =
they will and understand Not yet Give
their Merry Christmas its kind thoughts,
its Christmas charity, till later there shall be with
phen leacock.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

surance system. 1t is practicable plan to give
dignifed indemnity protection to Americas
fighting men on easy terms. That its merits
are recognized generally is shown by the fact
that so many have applied for the insurance
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
Old Deed Filed,

BURLINGTON, Iowa. Feb. PA
deed made seventy-fve years ago in
Sperry is on file in the court house
here. The deed is one of sale of land
and transferred $40 acres of farm
land for consideration of $1,000.
The action Of recording the deed was
to clear the title
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

Dubuque Telegraph-Her We
are quite in accord with Secretary
Bakers orders for more parades for
troops.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
Nor Apply the Air,

Omaha World+Herald: The Amer
lean locomtive engineers who are go
ing to drive the army tanks will not
be asked TO whistle for the crossing.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
have met the demands OF wa,
than any other industry in ths
try"
Philadelphia Torpedo.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Ss,,
NEW YORK, Feb. 27.-Tha
land line freight steamship PHI,
phian was sunk by a submarine .
FIVE days ago. according to tba
land line offices.
The steamer was Of 5,120 ION,
was bound for a British port
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

What Cheer Patriot: Wilson did
mighty good Job when he made the
shipbuilders who struck go back tc
work
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

Des Moines Register: ALI this talk
Of plenty of money being in circula.
ton always moves another proflteer
to shove up the price of something.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

Burlington Gazette: Napoleon fol-
lowed the French revolution. But
Russia does not seem to have any
thing to offer in the way of Napoleons
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

Cedar Rapids Gazette: Those who
have their licenses to trade revoked
for violation Of the law against specu.
lation in food are only partially pun.
ished so long as they are not interned
with other enemies of the public.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

Altoona Herald: When something
seems drudgery, think Of the trenches.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

They can sink transports but they cannot
close up the recruiting stations and canton
ments.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

Dyed-in- the-wool pacifsts will fight for any.
hing except peace
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
NEED on WAR HORSES.

War horses-the real kind--are among the
Imany shortages which are complicating our
war preparations. Three years ofb uying here
by agents of the entente were sufficient to
greatly deplete our horse supply both in guam
tity and quality A bulletin from the New
York State Association of Horsemen deplores
the neglect of the warning which the association
issued two years ago of the necessity OF con-
lcerted action by American breeders to assure
the breeding of a type adapted to army use.
Enough attention paid to the situation to
provide through observation by capable officers
of our own army and through advice from Eng
land and France complete registry and de-
scriptive listing of the types found most use
full in the various services. These reports are
now at hand and the New York State Associa-
ton of Horsemen has joined with the Arabian
Horse Club of America in an intensive move
ment for better horses in this country. 1t is
proposed to find means for agreement upon the
most helpful ways of lettering the supply of
horses needed by the government and to find
methods by which cooperative action with all
sections of the country where horse breeding
is practiced can best be occurred One factor
in the situation has been little considered the
war may at any time revert to an untrenched
conflict and this would call for immediate in
crease in cavalry service. Neither of the com
batants would find themselves equipped for
extensive cavalry operations. But the means
at hand to the allies would greatly exceed any
possible to Germany unless she can levy on her
Russian conquests. The move by the horse
breeders of the nation is timely.
Scarcity of paper has cut down the circula-
ton of the Congressional Record and no more
free copies of the publication will be sent out.
Members of congress will hereafter be obliged
to depend upon free seed distribution as sub
stitut for oratorical propaganda. Now if the
government would suspend publication of it's
"Oficial Bulletin which is costing it five
thousand dollars day, there would be further
gain in the direction of economy at Washington.
Does anyone note as peculiar that we are
responsible for centralized war management
abroad while we are fussing over changing war
management by lot Of i'll co-ordinated bureaus
at homer
War is the national industry Of Prussia. Tt
was Mirabeau who said 'tP1ussia is not a
nation that has an army; it is an army that
has a nation.'
They sink transports but they cannot
close up the recruiting stations and canton
ments.
Dyed-in- the-wool pacifsts will fight for any.
thing except peace.
The Germans have nothing on the packers
for defensive tactics
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

Davenport Democrat: Anyone car
make peace with Germany-on the
same terms as Russia.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

War is the national industry of Prussia. It
was Mirabeau who said: 'sP1ussia is not a
nation that has an army; it is an army that
has nation.''
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

The Germans have nothing on the packers
for defensive tactics.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27

Does anyone note as peculiar that we are
for centralized war management
abroad while we are fussing over changing war
by a lot of i'll co-ordinated bureaus
at homer
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-02-27
IOWA PRESS COMMENT.

Burlington Hawk-F!ye: Some one
has discovered that bread made from
barley is nourishing and has an agree
able taste. That ought to be pleas
ing news to the folk who heretofore
held that barley was good for brewing
only. And they ought to develop de.
cided preference for barley bread.
The Dawson news. (Dawson, Ga.) 1889-current, 1918-11-05
Miller's Antiseptic Oil, Known as
SNAKE on
WILL POSITIVELY RELIEVE PAIN
IN A FEW MINUTES.

Try it right now for rheumatism,
Neuralgia, Lumbago, sore, stiff and
swollen joints, pains in the head,
back and limbs, corns, bunions, etc.
After one application pain usually
disappears as if by magic
A new remedy used internally and
externally for Coughs, Colds, Group,
Sore Throat, Diphtheria, Tonsilitis.
This oil is conceded to be the most
penetrating remedy known. It's
prompt and immediate effect in re-
lieving pain is due to the fact that
it penetrates to the affected parts at
once. AS an illustration, pour ten
drops on the thickest piece of sole
leather and, lit will penetrate this sub
stance through and through in three
minutes.
Accept no substitute. This great oil
is golden red color only. Every bot
tie guaranteed SOC and S1.OO
a bottle-or money refunded. Sold
only by Collier Drug Co., Dawson,
Georgia.