Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-11
HUGE PROBLEMS
I WITH WAR ENDED
Shipping, Army Demobili-
zation and Industrial
Restoration
MANY TO STAY ABROAD
Military Force May Be Kept
"Over There" Two Years
After Peace

washington, NOV. il,
Much Of the shipping used for war
purposes will be freed for peace-ttme
commerce, and there will follow grad
uai relaxation Of the restrictions as TO
food and other necessities imposed upon
tho peoples of the Allied countries.
These Changes will not come immedi-
steIy. however. for it is the purpose Of
the American and Entente Governments
20 cooperate with Germany Austria.
Bulgaria and Turkey. as well as with
Belgium. Serbia and Rumauia. IN fur
nishing as far as possible the food and
other supplies necessary for the civilian
populations Of those countries.
These considerations Of world peace.
important as they are. must be adjusted
as they develop. They could not I've
planned in advance, as has been the
breaking up of the military forces of the
United States, Great Britain ana France
and the orderly return Of the millions
OF these solslers to their civilian status.
In this country the problem has been
taken up with reference TO it's two chief
rhases--the strictly military, having to
do with the demobillzation of the army
and its safS return TO America. and the
Industrial, which deals only with the tn
filtration of the soldiers into the ranks
Of labor after they have been released
from the army. A third problem of
generalization will deal with the mobi-
hsed industries Of the United States.
Demobllization of Army
THE military authorities have had I'M
der consideration for some time the SUBJ
ject of rehabilitation of the army. but
the plan which will be used has not vet
been officially approved. Breaking up of
the American expeditionary forces now
numbering two and one-quarter millions
Of men, will begin in France, if this
plan is adopted. The program entrails
the gradual breaking up of the large
military units into seGments governed
solely by the location of the home Of the
Individual soldier
The United States will be divided into
districts each of which is to be fed bv
one or more Atlantic ports from Gelve--
ton to Bangor. Commanding officers of
divisions viii be instructed to detach,
for Instance, men from the first de-
mobilization district. which might in
clude men from Maine and Massachu-
sets and entrain them for specified
French port where adequate shipping
Will be waiting. These vessels will pro-
ceed directly to the ports selected for
the first district. and, disembarking their
passengers, will return on Il routine
schedule to meet the next detachment
q OF soldiers for that territory.
BY carefully controlling the return
ing shipments, military authorities be-
.2siusve they can to a great degree regu-
nfe the Hood of discharged soldiers, 80
that no single section Of the country viii
be swamped
Industrial Restoration
The work of returning the soldiers to
their former civilian status in the indus
trial life OF the nation has been given
over to the Department OF Labor, and is
being handled u' special committee
headed by Fell Arkfurter An organ
ixation Is realy for the use Of the
authorities in the same machinery which
has carried out the provision of the
work or fight order, and it il under
stood that this will be used largely IL
the task of finding positions for the men
Under this plan each local draft board
Will be constituted a central labor Office
for the district in which 1t IS situated
and will place the men who We're sent by
i to the army in the positions found
vacant
War Department for the rehabilitation
Of the armed forces, the return of the
nations mobilzed industries to a peace
basis. II IL thought, will neCessitate Inn
portant legislation by Congress TO pre-
vent period of acute disruption in busi-
ness. Officials here expect that Congress
will be called upon soon TO consider a
''demobilzation bill' which will deal
with this and kindred problems
Huge Force TO Remain in Frane-
Designation of the units Of the army
TO remain In France over the period of
settlement has nJt been taken up by the
War Department II should be realized,
officials point out that even after terms
Of peace have been signed, a work OF
atupendous magnitude will remain Mil
lions of tons Of material comprising
railroad equipment as well as arsenal
supplies. repairs and refitting plants and
the strictly military accouterments, must
be collected and invOiced preparatory tc
their disposal either to one Of tho Allied
eovernments or reshipment to the
United States. An army Of considerable
size will be needed for this work fol
months after the war has ended.
II has been suggested that the unt'
10 remain in France for this work bt
obtained by calling for volunteers from
the expeditionary forces, Under exist
ing law. authority Is given for the main
tenance Of a regular army up to d
strength of about $4,000. Military mel
believe. however, that much large'
force will be required In Europe fol
possibly two years after the signing o
the armistice,
British Plans for Advanced
The British Government began ~
preparations for rehabilitation nearl,
. year ago. Its plans have been -
thoroughly worked out that when
"dress rehearsal was held recently
unit of the British army in France wa
sent through the machinery Of its iina
operation where each man found himsel
& IN his native town, clad In civilia
4 clothes. possessing a Government vouch
Ter. which could be cashed at any post
q ONCE, Sufficient to cover q period o
idleness Each British soldier also wi
.> 4be handed Government insurance pol
.I1cy against non-employment.
Complete plans for breaking up ia
wrench forces also have been prspare'
4 <af Il Is considered probable that tn
REORGANIZATION process in the case {
these armies will be much slower tina
Gor the American or even the British. b'
cause Of the necessity for guarding A
aace-Iorraine and also in view Of III
xieantic task of reconstruction in II
Invaded districts.