davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-02-02
THE SHIPPING SITUATION.
SUBMARINES HAVE NOT pIyT
AMERICA OUT OF BUS
INESS. 'ft~
During Year Sigty-ninc Ships Havc
Been Sunk, ksut This Loss Has
Been More Tssan Covered by New
Ships Put Int0 Service.

New York. Jan. 29.--In the IL
months of unrestricted warfare
launched against American and allied
shipping by Germany one year ago
Friday, there have been sunk by SUBJ
marines. mines and raiders, 6s Amer
lean vessels totaiing 1T1,061 gross
tons, according 10 CAREFUL compila-
tion of records of sinkings which have
been made pubic during the period.
Offsetting this Joss of American yes-
sells, most of which were sailing ships
the United States, since February /,
has added to her merchant marine by
the seizure of former Germari and
Austrian owned ships, a tota OF 107
vessels, having a gross tonnage of
6s6.4s4. leaving on the credit side of
the American ledger in the account
with the central powers, a net gain
of 515,433 gross tons.
The loss of life caused by the sink
ing of the 69 American ships was
more than 800 persons, however.
The percentage of sinkings of
American ships, compared with the
number Of vessels which have sailed
through the war zone successfully is
small. Records of the department
of commerce show that for the pe-
riod beginning with February 1, 1917,
and ending with December /, there
were cleared from American ports in
the foreign trade ships aggrepating
l7.7Ss.900 net. or approximately a.
S34. .46O gross tons.
Further offsetting the loss OF ton
mage occasioned by the submarine
warfare, the United States, through
the shipping board, requisitioned In
American shipyards 426 vessels sto-
falling more than 100000 gross tons
and contracts have been awarded for
SS4 ships. In addition, the shipping
board on October Is last, placed un-
der government requisition 3s3 Amer
lean vessels Of over 100000 tons
dead weight C; Icity which were al
ready afloat ann Immediately assigned
them to the task of carrying supplies
for the allies ard the American forces
abroad.
Included in these requisitioned yes
sells were Fl ships in Great Lakes
trade and in addition there were com.
wandered "a steamers building on the
lakes for foreign account and ready
for launching. Virtually all Of these
were brought 20 Atlatic Coast ports
and Immediately put into service.
Another difficulty which faced the
United States in the task of putting
to sea vessels to Offset the ravages OF
the u-boat was the repairing of the
"wilful damage" done to the former
German ships by their officers and
crews
Three of the former German vessels
seized by this government have been
the object Of successful attacks by
submarines. The Actaeon, formerly
the AdamsturIn, and the Owasco. for
merly the Allemannia, were sunk, and
the Armenia was hit by a. torpedo
but was saved after being beached.
hTe announced sinkings of British
ships for the year up to and including
the week ending January %. have
been 1893 vessels, of which 7sS
were over 1.60o tons and 270 were un-
der that figure The joint losses OF
France and Italy have been averaged
from three to four large vessels week.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-02-02
Railroads Warned of Floods.

Washington, Jan. 29.-Instructions
were sent out today by the railroad
administration to local authorities to
prepare to fight the floods expected
this week if thawing weather de-
volops. Streams are out Of their banks
In West Virginia and Kentucky.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-02-02
GERMANY VIOLATES TRUCE.
Transfers Troops From Russian to the
Western Front

Washington, Jan. 29.-Charges tina,
Germany is violating the terms OF
the Russian truce by withdrawing
troops from the northern front and
transferring them to the western bat
tie line. were made today by the wal
department.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-02-02

These figures represent the virtual
cutting in half Of British casualties
as compared with the previous week
when 17.O43 were reported. Two
weeks ago the high total of 24,979
was reported. For the week imme-
diately preceding the figures were 49,
9G~ and the week before that 1851.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-02-02

long daily cable reports of what is CO.
ing on at the lighting front.
Tables were cited to show that
over-crowding i'm the camps and can.
tonments had not been general and
mat the sickness had come mostly
IN the camps where medical opinion
had agreed it was least to be exnect =
eel The history of the DEVELOPMENT
anu building of the cantonmcnts was
gwen In detail TO show that every
prccaution possible had been taken.
Annlyzing the efforts OF the ord
nance bureau, the secretary said thot
Gen. Crozier had urged for vears ,
greater artillery preparation. that ne
AT ieast had realized tho tino ON,
making required. But even Franco
hetself, with the enemy ot her
throat" he added. had not bcon ,bIc
to see what vast gun programs tho
war would lead into.
During his general statement uf tbe
war plan and how it was devcloped
Mr.. Baker was rarely interrupted.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-02-02
Red Guard Leaves.

Petrograd, Jan. 2S.-Six hundred
Red Guard with machine guns have
left Petrograd for Viborg. They will
reinforce tho Finnish Red Guard in
the fighting which is going on there.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-02-02
PRICE OF VICTORY BREAD.
Food Administration Will Not Toyer.
ate Advance by Bakers for New

ate Advance by Bakers for New
Loaf. f@'
Washington, Jan. 2S.-The new
victory bread prescribed by the food
administration must be sold at the
prices that now obtain for it's equiva-
lent of white bread. This was made
clear tonight by the food admins.
tration in reply 20 reports that bakers
were preparing to raise their prices
on the ground that substitutes they
are ordered to use cost more than
white flour.
Tclegrams today from State food
administrators said the people gen.
orally will give wholehearted support
TO the new conservation regulations.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-02-02
BRITISH CASUALTY LIST.
Only Eight Thousand Men Killed.
Wounded and Missing During Week
or Fighting.

London, Jan. 2S.--British casualties
during the week ending today were
S,5SS divided Us follows: Killed or
died Of wounds. officers, %; men L.
IA. Wounded or missing, officers
1928; men 6,721.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-02-02
Huns Murtlcr .Scvau

London, Jan. g9.-Forty-seven were
killed and one hundred and sixtv-
nine were injured in last nights air
raid, IL is announced officially.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-02-02
,TEUTONs URGED TO REVOLT.
Newspapers Calls Upon People I,
Overthrow Government.


London. Jan. 2S.--A dispatch to the
Exchange Telegram from Amsterdam
says the Deutsche Tages Zeitung open
iy calls on the German people to re-
volt against the present regime. 1--WE
too.' says this pan-German organ,
nave a Judas among US today. He
appears in the red coat and mantle OF
Germany's hangman. Who will save
"ermany from these traitors but the
herman people? 1t is now Germans
heip yourself and God will help you."
Although Emperor William is not
named In the article the exnre.sior
"dermany's hangman" Is meant for
'he Kaiser, says the correspondent
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-08-22
ALLEGED ARMY DEsERTERs
STAGE PITCHED BAT TILE
Two Men Killed I'm CIasl, OF Arms In
Mountains OF West
Virginia.
TROOPS RUSHED TO SCENE
State Military Police and Members
of Militia Reserves Hurried I,
Mingo County in Special Train to
Force Surrender.


HUNTINGTON. w. VA. Angus. 2l.-
number Of alleged deserters from
the United states Army. tracked by a
posse into the hills of Mingo County.
w. Va. resisted arrcs, to-day, and i'm
4 pitched battle which ensued. Deputy
Sheriff George Dillon and Il man named
Ellis were killed.
AID was asked from Charleston, and
a special train. carrying deputy United
states marshals and number of tho
state military police is rushing to the
scene Twenty members OF the militia
reserve from this city are en- route 10
Mingo.
according, to information brought
rom IRON inc mn section late tonight there
are upwards OF twenty-five alleged
siaSkers hiding among the trees and
c!lits OF the mountain region. All are
reported heavily armed and with a suf-
ncient store OF ammunition 10 give bat
t!t Ter several days.
IN dead sheriff was known far and
nctr ior E:c bravery. and feeling here
to-n. Sht is running high. Threats arc
f',iia;y frfIiy III made as to what course viii be
loi!""ed III event the alleged dcsertcrs
AT" captured and brought to this civ
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-08-22
GREATEST WAR CORPORATION
IN WORLD, CLAIMS HURLEY
"nr Industries Bourd Plans to CIo,e
Sh industry Not Essential to
Winning Conn,cr

T.iiNGTOS. august ,i.--"Within
SIN months The United S;ases viii he
World sne ,n0ss has ehsieni war cooperation the
-; ~ Hurley, OF the Shipping Roa ri u
'.m, ms t.Shins, commenting on the re-
nent adhiinistraiion OF labor and n :
Wnnce Was To the priorities committee or the
fnr INDUSTRIES Bonrd. aud the plans
- 80 q complete new priority list IN
E;iuulns a complete classification of all
aiuus!iai occupations wnlcn are neces.
salS 20 the winning OF the war and 70
lation. '''''" popu-
a., when ,;dm The list OF the complete allo-
Eatioil OF fuel, labor and iiiancc viii
be made TO every Industry in the co,,n.
9 Try IN me order OF its Importance as
SET Out in that list. Industries not so
tusnnnG snS,naed wv, Viii be forced gradually to
Ni!ies INTO csScnt!a! channels.
Germauy's early superiority in m.
War game came through her knowiedur
81 what work 10 continue and what 10
TiWse ,,i Up Mt Hurley continued. Win
nihE this war is 30 per cent in rho
nin,,tni ,,ny ana % per cent behind it. We're
pultihS an army in Europe to win the
Mar Mar and were making the country be =
mind ,,!i ihe lIne one great corporation to
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-08-22
WORKERS GRANTED RIGHT
TO AFFILIATE WITH UNION
National War Lnbor Board Hands
Down Decixion in Smith & wcs-
xon Company Case.


WASHINGTON. August 2l.-The righ.
of workers of ammunition plants to
organize in trade unions or groups and
&c bargain collectively through chosen
representatives is recognized and af-
firmed in an award made public to-day
by the National War Labor Board in
the controversy between Smith d WeS-
sen Company, arms manufacturers and
their employees at Springfield. Mass.
The board ruled that any employees
discharged in violation of the principles
Of the award should be restored to their
positions ard paid for ali the time lost
on account of the discharge.
The practice of the company in times
past to make restrictive, personal con-
tracts. even If lawful when made, is
contrary to the principles of the board.
IT was stated in the award, and the
practice should be discontinued for the
period of the war.
The board ruled that employers
should not discharge workers for mem
bership in trade unions nor for legiti-
made trade union activity. and that the
workers on their part, in the exercise
Of their right to organize, should not
use coercive measures of any kind to
induce employers to bargain or deal
with them.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-08-22
AMERICAN STEAMER SUNK
BY TORPEDO AUGUST IS
Three Members Of Civilian Grew and
Two of Naval Guard Be-
licvcd Lost.
EIGHTY-oNF MEN ARE LANDED
Vessel Was Originally Built for Se,-
vice Through the Panama Canal.
but Last October Was Taken Over
by Government.
LBy Associated Press I

+ WASHINGTON, August ol- The
american steamer Montanan. G,G59 tons
gross, WAS torpedoed and sunk in for
eign waters August lG with the prob
able loss of three members of the
civilian crew and two members of the
naval armed guard. the Navy Depnrt-
ment Tonight announced Eighty -one
survivors were landed
me Montanan was in the service Of
the quartermaster's department of the
army and was used as supply ship.
The members OF the naval guard rc
ported as missing are David w. John
son, coXswain, and Chester c. Eldrid..c
seaman. The names of the civIIia n
members OF the crew unaccounted for
pave not been asccrtained The Navy
De.!nTn,r1msnts .!T, announcement follows:
that the steamship Montnnan Was i1Iu tor
pedocd and sunk in foreign waters on
iandcd Five men are reported miss
ing; three members of the civilian crew
ana Two OF the naval armed guard
DaHld w johnson. coXswain. and Ches-
OF the three civilians were not given
in the dispatch received"
The Montanan.. owned by. the Ameri-
cam Hawaiian Line. was launched in
1913 at Sparrows Point. being built
Tor service through the Panama Canal.
IN October last year, with other Amer
United States Shipping Board and soon
nfterward assigned TO the army quar-
termaster's department. The vessel
was outbound from an American port
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-08-22
STUDENTS ARMY TRAINING
CORPS PLANS APPROVED
Wen OF Eighteen icnrs or Over Isiisf-
bic TO Special Courses Mt Dcs-
tEnnted Schools.
| BY Associated Press,


WASHINGTON, August 2l-Plans
for the organization OF a student army
training corps to train men as officers
and technical experts for the army i'm
the educational institutions of the
country were approved to-day by Gen
erai March. chief of staff, at the di
rection OF Secretary Baker
me plants, equipment and organiza-
tion OF colleges now cooperating with
the war Department will be utilized
TO maintain Il reservoir of officer ma
tcrial in training, from which it Will
be possible to meet the enlarged needs
The plans were altered to conform to
the plans of the War Department., FOR
lowering the draft age.
Young men of eighteen years or over
are eligible to be inducted into the
army and re-entered into special
courses of training. The extent Of
their previous education will deter
mine what courses they shall! siuGy.
grammar school education at least
is required. Men with at leas, high
school education will be given more
advanced courses and prepared to en-
ter central officers training camps or
meal exports. As fast as one class of
men is drawn from one college into
services their places will be taken by
the draft. Among the institutions add
ed to-day to the list of those quail
fled for students units were William
and Mary College. Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and Hampdcn- Sidney. Nir-
ginia, and Mercer University. Georgia.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-08-22
MAN POWER MEASURE
is FAV0RABLY REPORTED
Bill Now Before House Include.
Work OF Fight Provision. OBJ
jccted to by Labor.
KAHN TO OPPOSE AMENDMENT
VIII Lead Fight to Permit War De-
partment to Exercise Its Own Dis
crction In IT'S Classification II
Youths Under Age OF Twenty.
KAHN TO OPPosE AMENDMENT
my Associated Press \

WARRINGTON, august 21.-A favor.
able re: ort was voted by the House
Military Committee to-day on the ad-
ministration man-powcr bill. with an
Amendments providing that youths from
eighteen TO twenty years OF age shall
be placed In separate classifications.
to be called into military service after
men from twenty to forty-fve.
Another amendment, by Chairman
Dent provides that the fact that n
soldier has not reached twenty-one
shall not bar him from n commission.
~ section added at the request of the
war department provides that men OF
draft ag, may be sent to colleges for
changing their military status.
No vote was take. in the committee
on the work-or-iight amendment. OBJ
jected to by organized labor, which
was added to the bill as reported to
the Senate rhc amendment is Ger
tain to figure in House debate. how
ever.
Chairman Dent presented his report
immediately after the louise convened
and obtained unanimous consent to
right of way over all other business
He thinks IL can be passed by Friday
Representative Kahn, ranking Re-
publican, member Of 1.-The committee
the amendment directing separate
contending that the War Department
should he left to work out this ques-
''ea aEfera,ng to itS rs prGiEram
begin tomorrow In the Senate Con
gressional leaders on both sides say it
VII WI require only few days to pass
between the two houses and send it
to the President.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-08-22
BULGARIA REFUSES TO ACT
AS AGENT FOR GERMANY
rco OF Icutons ind Turks Is lie
coming Accentuated In the
balkan Statc.

LONDON; August 2l.-Reports from
r Gu.garia SHOW that the hatred OF the
tuated. German employees OF tba Sen-
STniInent are being dismissed by the
Ma, Haiih9m 10 Cabinet, which has announced
ol Germany and will not satisfy the
claims of Turkey. vac
Meetings. of soldiers on leave and
SeSerters from the army are being
neld all over the country with the
connivancc of the government demand
ING the impeac hment of the late Cab
no interest in working against Hui
garia. King Ferdinand is called upon
10 terminate the war as far as Bull
saria Is concerned. otherwise the peo-
pie Will be forced 10 decide the fate
or the country for themselves
is because of this trend of popu-
lar feelinS that the King has been
advised TO seek seclusion for q while.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-08-22
ARMIES OF GERMANY
WELDMORE GROUND.
Waysand Means Committee Refuses toDeal
With Treasury Department on Tax Rate

WASHINGTON, August 3i.-AH
suggestions from Secretary McAdOo
regarding the cxccSs profits taxes
I'm the new revenue hill were finnIly
Committee to-dny. nnd two new sets
of rates, both higher thnn the Treas
ury Department In Willing: to nc
ccpt, were agreed upon. Chairman
kitchin WINS instructed to prepare n
draft cmbOdyInE both of tho series
adopt one for the fnnl drift OF the
bill.
In announcing the action of the
committee, MIR. kltchin snid that tho
conferences with Secretary McAdoo
and other officials OF the Treasury
the committee Ind given up hope
of being nblc to convince the de-
pnrtmcnt of the wisdoni OF adopting
the higher rates. For thix reason,
tho committee hns decided TO write
the high rates into the hill and a.k
Senate should yield to MIR. McAdoo.
the controversy will be threshcd
out In conference.
The committee nIso. decided upon
INT exemption of 10 per cent for
NIL cinsses of corporations under the
1911, 1912 and 1913 as the pre-wnr
years for the purposes of the tnx.
With the adoption of these rates,
the committee closed it's sessions on
the bill md Will not nscct ngntn un-
I'll Saturday, when the Hnnl q. Is.
VIII be given the preliminary drift.
MIR. Kitchin announced that hc will
introduce the bill In the House by
"Wednesday.
The bill ms now drawn is we'll
within the $4,000, 100000 maximum
insisted upon by Secretary McAdoo
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-08-22
PLAN MERGER OF VESSEL
INTERESTS FOR HUGE TRADE
Six Of 1.urEest Shipping Firms In United
sfntcS Combine. With n Total
Capital OF S231 900, 900.

NEW YORK, August o1-Plans for
great merger. of American shipping
which will be able to dominate trad
ing in the Atlantic and Pacific in the
struggle for world trade after the
war, are reported to be under way
The plans as already outlined con-
template combination of the Inter-
national Mercantile Marine Company
the Atlantic. Gulf and West Indies
Company the United Fruit Company.
and the New York Shipbuilding Com
pany. This combination is to he un-
der the leadership of the American
International Corporation. which con-
trolls two Of the companies named and
has large holdings OF the stock of two
of the others.
The plans call for capitalization
of s250.00u,oO0 or moro. The contem-
plated Liquidation of the Internationnl
Mercantile Marine Company is believed
TO be the first step toward the anal
gamation, which is said to have the
implied Endorsement of the United
States Shipping, Board.
concerns involved is about 1921 100000.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-08-22
VARDAMAN SEVERELY BEATEN
IN THE MISSISSIPPI ELECTION
Practically Complete Returns Give the
Senatorial Nomination TO Is. II.
Harrison, OF GulfpOrt.

JACKSON. MISS. August 21.-with
all counties heard from, b. Fl. Harrison.
of Gulfport. tonight apparently was
James K. Vardaman. and former Gov
ernor +. F.. Noel. a few Of the coun-
ties were incomplete, but 1t was be-
unreported TO reduce Harrison's ma
jority lower than 1000 IL all should
be for Vardaman.
Bilbo Is sandidate for Congress.
second primary will be necessary.
First District; T. u. Sisson, Of the
Fourth District; Hubert p. Stephens.
of the Second; W. w. venable. OF the
Fifth, and Percy l.. Quinn. of the Sew
cnth, incumbents. were apparently re-
elected. Congressman J. w. NCol;ier,
of the Eighth, and Ben q. Humphreys,
of the Third, had no opposition.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-08-22
ALLIED BATTLE LINE
IS MUCH SHORTER
Successes of Past Month Have
Reduced Front Fifty
Miles.
81 DIVISIONS NOW IN FRANCE
Eightieth Has Completed Its
Education With British in
Flanders.
80 DIVISIONS NOW IN FRANCE
IBy Associated Press.


WASHINGTON. August 2I.-As a re-
suit of the allied successes during the
past month. the battle front in France
from Rheims to the North Sea has been
reduced In length more than fifty
miles. General March told the news
paper men to-day in his midweek con-
ference.
When the Germans began their last
advance the line stretched for $50
miles II is now less than 200 miles.
two American divisions as having ar
rived in France. They are as follows:
First. First. Second. Second. Third. Fourth. Fifth,
Twenty.eighth, Twenty-ninth. Thir-
tieth: Thirty-second. Thirty third. Thir-
ty-hfth; Thirty-sixth. Thirty;seventh.
sixth. Seventh seventh. Seventy eighth.
seventy ninth. Eightieth. Eighty first.
Eiighty,seeond, Eishty-third. Eighty
first. Ninety second and Ninety-third
The success Of the enlarged Amer
General March said still is dependent
upon the acquisition of adequate ship
ping. and while the Emergency Fleet
Corporation is constantly swelling the
tonnage a the army's disposal. II still
is necessary to charter and hire many
additional ships.
fight the Eightieth Division, composed
Of Virginia and Pennsylvania troops.
has been engaged in. and as TO the
present location of the division, Cen
eral March said:
AS q part of its training the Eigh-
ticth Division was sent to the British
front in Flanders and after completing
its construction on the line all ele-
ments were withdrawn"
Lacking official details of the Brit
ish drive reported in Associated Press
dispatches this morning, General March
allied trust. He said, describing the
period which had elapsed since his
last talk. that the allies had continued
their attacks on limited fronts and at
widely separated points.
In Flanders. he pointed out the points
Of the salient which had existed there
have been bent in by allied attacks
southeast OF Meteren, on the north
flank, and near Merville, on the south
side The apex was thus made "un-
forced TO withdraw for from one TO
two miles on a fourteen-mile front
On the plains ne:r the o;se tho allied
advance has put the; line we'll back OF
the old Is16-lT line. General March
said the War Department had not yet
received details of the capture of
Frapelle, in the Eosges by the Fifth
United States Division (regulars)
The line at this point is four miles
! over the German border.
In commenting upon the shipping sit
uation. General March divulged for the
first time the fact that Brazil had
out compensation of any sort for two
trips. He said that SO far as he knew
this was the only case of the kind on
record