davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1918-08-22
A Cheering Winter Outlook.

With this winter promising to be a
race for man power accumulation,
Germany has but one hope. Her sole
potential human reservoir lies In Rus
sia. II assistance from that quarter
fails then the slow, grinding process
Of attrition alone would bid fair to
wear out her resisting power before
another summer.
The possible help that may come to
the harassed Huns from that chaos
Of riot, anarchy and more or less Or
ganized civil war which Is the Rus
STA Of to-day and promises to be the
Russia Of all the ensuing winter, may
perchance bring them some sporadic
CLEANS Of hope. 1t is a contingency,
however, that is hardly likely to be q
disturbing factor In Marshal FocH's
calculations. The increase to his
forces Is not a speculative cOntin-
gency. 1t Is concrete fact. For
the next seven mouths" said General
MARCH, i've shall send men to France
at the rate of $4,000 a month. Later
on the movement will be larger"
And when all our eighty divisions
Of approximately $4,000 men to q d.
vision are over there. then the tap
ping Of the American man power res
ervoir will only have begun. II new
Hun recruits from Hun territory
proper aggregate 100000 men, as in
Dictated, there are the new recruits
from France Great Britain and Italy
to offset them as well as those which
distracted, half starved Austria may
drag into the field. And &s to the
relative morale Of the Hun and the
Allied armies, the difference IL pre-.
cisely that between men who are
winning and men who are losing.
Never before since the war began
has the approach Of winter brought
with 1t such abundant and substan-
tial grounds for buoyant hopefulness
for the forces Of civilization, on the
one hand, and so dshea rtening an
outlook for civilizations enemies on
the other. On our side we have only
two things to fear-Overconfidence
and relaxation Of effort. On the
other side there appears to be about
everything to fear.
And that that fact is sinking deep
into the Hun drill sergeant be-
numbed consciousness is apparent In
the reports from many quarters Of
impending Hun peace drives; OF
campaigns of oratory; of all the
shopwOrn Hun devices of trickery
and mendacity which even now arc
coming thick and fast from oil Hun
dom. 1t has become the settled Hun
conviction that all the higher aspira-
tions for peace on earth and good
will toward men lmperatlvely de-
mand that the boys shall be out of
the trenches by Christmas.
The sun., 1918-08-22

service and such army troops as nv.
represented by heavy artillery. cayaI.
ry, medical troops, engineers not NJ.
tached to divisions and the like must
be maintained. This maintenance "a.
quires an average OF $4,000 men for
each division in addition to its own
organization.
Thus. when the reader come, N
separate the rifles on the firing ,,na
from their auxiliary troops there ia
the difference between 22.42o actual
fighters and $4,000 engaged in tho
giant enterprise Of fighting 5000 miles
from home In a strange country.
\ Each branch OF the service-cav.
airy. artillery and air-has Its par,
In the general result, but in matching
division against enemy division in cur
rent estimates only the rifles should
be considered. The enemy also has
army troops and organizations that do
not figure in his base divisions.
The eighty divisions that we shat,
have at the front represent the equiv.
alent of 11S German divisions. CON.
sidered on the same basis. The German
division originally had two brisad.s
Of two regiments Of infantry each,
making 10000 infantry troops. with
the artillery and other branches added
A. the war wore on the German,
abandoned the brigade organization
ana formed their divisions OF thrsa
regimsnts of 5000 men each. The
regiments detached were organized as
special troops for flame throwing and
other delectable forms Of German
inlquity, with machine guns furnished
throughout.
The Germans increased their artil.
lery until the divisional quota OF artil.
lery was about proportional to the
American force, making the division
consist of 5000 infantry, 5000 u the
new special troops and 5000 ARTILLERY,
The theoretical total Of fighting men
in a German division Is now $4,000 OF
all arms. excluding cavalry. Their
auxiliary troops are used on much the
same lines as American auxiliaries
with heavy guns. airmen and the like
operating in addition to the firing line
troops.
The net result Of the American feed.
divisions Of our troops on the from,
will be to offset better than half OF
the total German forces in the west.
at the latest. estimate. This will
leave France and Great Britain, with
Belgium. Italy and Portugal, to take
care Of the other half. The combined
forces would give to the Allies pre-.
ponderance Of smashing proportions
and afford a mobile army to strike
where the supreme command wishes
when it gets set for the main offensive.
and to strike with enough force TO
break the German lines at the selected
point or points.
With the German troops required to
police the growing Russian dlscon-
tent, take care Of the weakness of the
Austrians in Italy and bolster up the
Turks, the German forces in the west
can hardly keep their present num-
bers. and the great importance Of the
American addition will be all the more
apparent.
The sun., 1918-08-22

There will be one father, II only one,
or the fifteen or sixteen millions OF
fathers in the country who will have 1t
out with the Secretary OF the Navy
over that new order that a man in the
service may not even in his home "di-
rectly or indirectly be given or served"
any rum. That father Is the Hon.
JOHN SHARP WILLIAMS, Senator in
Congress from MISSISSIPPI, fighter, de-
scendant OF and sire OF fighters. On
the floor Of the Senate, with fun moral
sense OF his oath of Office and its obli-
cations. JOHN SHARP said in effect:
Mr.. President. when my son comes
into my house in uniform or out Of
uniform I shall say to him, Son. n
toddy with you, sir and he will reply,
az he was taught, Thank you, dad !;
here's my regards, sir and all the Sec
retaries in all the Cabinets OF all the
nations Of the earth to the contrary
notwithstanding. sir. my boy and will
have our toddies together, sir"
The sun., 1918-08-22
A Bad Senator Beaten.

vARDAMAN Is beaten. ana the Pres
dents prestige as world states
man. which our neighbor the World
professed to believe Mr.. WILSON hax-
arded in the~''dar1ng venture Of
openly opposing the Mississippi Sena-
tor, Is out Of danger, II 1t ever was
I'm any danger.
, The President himself did not pre-
tend to regard the yardaman cam
paign as a worldwide issue, but he
put the case boldly enough before the
voters of Mississippi when he wrote
that he should be obliged to accept
their action 1.-THE reelection Of VAR
pAMANl as condemnation of my Ad-
ministration."
THE Sun believed that 1t was not
% much the Administration that was
on trial as the loyalty and intelli-
gence Of the people of Mississippi.
To send VARDAMAN back to the Senate
would not leopard the Administration,
much less the Presidents interna-
tional reputation. 1t would be sign
that something was wrong with
Mississippi: that she lacked the spirit
which happily possesses America ;
for NARDAMAN's conduct in the Sen
ate left no doubt as to his political
character. Even Ia TOILETTE threw
scarcely darker shadow than VARpA-
MAN, whose opposition to the Admin
istration was a minor matter. lost in
the depths of his opposition to Amer
lea itself.
No well informed and loyal State
could fail to choose PAT HARRISON
rather than JAMES X. VARDAMAN.
The chief doubt before the primaries
was whether Mississippi was well in
formed, The returns indicate that
at least some parts of that State
understood the issue. In VARpAMAN's
home city, where we must assume he
was comprehended. the vote against
him was as 3 to !.
We must congratulate the President
on the courage he showed in openly
opposing NARDAMAN, even while we
regret that he INDUCED in politics
when politics was adjourned. We
congratulate Mississippi on being
awake and PAT HARmsoN on being
the winner Of the toga at the age OF
81. Not least. we felicitate the Hon
JOHN SHARP WILLIAMS Oh being rid
of an Objectionable colleague.
The sun., 1918-08-22

Ia like to write letter home and pour
out all my woes.
And tell the old folks how my socks are
minus heels and toes.
And what Ia give to have a piece OF
mons fried chicken nov.
And how all fired sick I get Of ealing
army chow,
And that I'd take It kindly II they'd send
me some tohac
And tins Of tale TO soothe the bites that
put me on the rack,
And that | wish they'd pay the tin I Dor
rowed OF Bill Draper
Bnt dad would surely go and put my mis-
sive in the paper.
I'd love to WRITE my brother Joe about
the demoiselle
who does my washing In the creek. and
does II mighty well.
Her eyes are soft as velvet. and her cheek
In like peach,
And "parley VOC, Ms!eu." to me she's
volunteered to teach.
But there Is Susie simpson-she'd get
mad and publish all
The gush used to pen 10 her the nights
couldn't call
About her rosebud lips, you know. and
waist so trim and taper,
For everything a soldier writes these days
goes In the paper.
SO when / sit me down to scrawl a hasty
page or two
Addressed to dad or nom or Joe across
the pillows blue.
merely say II rains to-day. the mud Is
Sitting hne,
And We are busy Keeling In the far flung
German line.
And I've received a medal that the C. o.
pinned on me.
or d. 3. o, or Cross de Guerre or maybe
v. C..
For decorations seem just now to be the
proper caper,
And all a soldiers letters home are printed
In the paper.
NINA InvISq.
The sun., 1918-08-22
"Do You Claim Exemptionf"
Needless Question.

The Secretary of War. while ex-
planning that marriage will not Of
itself exempt men from the draft,
indicates a laudable intention TO see
to itthat men- with dependents shall
not be subjected to tho humiliation
that was their lot under the old form
Of examination. The question. do
you claim exemptionf was put to the
registrant orally and semi-publicly.
Many men found 1t an unpleasant
ordeal to answer YES" even when
there was no possible doubt that their
nOn-exemption would mean distress
and perhaps disaster to women and
children. On this subject Secretary
BAkER says:
We wanted to arrange the reguia-
tons so a. to save . married man VINO
ought to be exempted from the huniiia-
ton Of claiming exemption BY making
the process As automatic a. possible.
The theory upon which We want to
work this draft 10 that no married man
whose wife and children. are dependent
upon the continuity OF his earnings. and
who will not be able TO live on the SOL
dier's wages, will be drafted"
The draft, considered broadly, is
the peoples wish. expressed through
the Government. The Government
need not ask the Individual whether
he claims exemption or not. 1t should
gather, by written QUESTIONABLE. the
details Of a mans fortune and his
obligations and decide, by q process
"as automatic as possible" whether
his place Is in the army or At home.
A mans possible desire to don rhe
uniform should not be permitted to
do injustice to his dependents, any
more than a shirker should be per-
mitted to decide that he shall stay
where he Is.
II man with dependents shows
In his verified answers that his de-
pendents could not live on his SOL
dier's pay he should be placed in the
deferred classification. His own Opin-
lon on the subject is unnecessary.
There is no volunteering in the draft,
except to the extent that the entire
nation has volunteered and 1t il the
Governments task to make the selec-
ton wisely.
The sun., 1918-08-22
THE SUBWAY CURE"
An Assertion That 1t May Be Found
in Higher Fares.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Sr:
Mayor Hylan's proposed cure" for ne
subway situation indicates that he has
much 10 learn before he will be quail.
fed TO express a valuable opinion on
any subject involving a. consideration o!
economics and finance
There is only one cure" for the sub
way and all other transit troubles IN
this city. which are attributable. rs
every one knows, neither to big divi-
dends nor high salaries, and that is the
same cure which has been applied in
respect OF every other commodity or
service the public buys, the cos; Of
which, due to the war, has gone soarns,
viz. increase the price. Increase the
fares and cut down the transfers And
II ought to be done quickly. before they
go to smash and our splendid city earns
the unenviable reputation OF being the
meanest city in the we'd because Il Is
100 mean TO support its street railroads
Is our civic pride after all mere pre-
tence? We, the public. can AFFORD N
pay a SIX cent or seven cent fare. We
are earning more money than We di
before, and while we are paying more
49, ''t'N HfNtSSlNN Ol me NfNN'l'' ''
service rendered by our Transportation
gas and electric companies We have
more money for luxuries and non."s'
sentials than we ever had before. ASK
any tradesman or the proprietor NJ any
amusement park II It isn't 50.
II will serve no purpose to vast" tina
talking about these companies repli''
ating their financial ohlISat!ors or "
selling their service at less than h'
cost. including interest on the invest
ment We don't ask for thls " ~
are working for our living "" 'NNF.'
to earn AT least our legitimate 'Ap'H-
ses, and II we have n business anN'
ever small, we expect to earn Interest
on our investment therein and pro0.
over that. As citizens We do r1l "a
pect any one to sell us goods or rc'1"'
us service on any other terms We a.
not, however, expect to pay. In AID .''
TO the cost of the service rendered "'
transportation companies, sSme'HHF 10
be used for the purchase Of the ~ perry
by the city. To suggest in times ~
these, when actual costs are reading
unparalleled attitudes, that they h' s.',
further augmented to serve the pe's''''
ends OF public ownership faua' -
TO say the least. extremely raw
We, the public, want what We az
entitled to, and we want nothlng more
and any public official who attempts 70
exact more in our behalf Is not repre-
senting us but misrepresent"S -
When we want, to own our street !""'
roads and electric light and gas COM
them. We won't do it piecemeal ~ mo
rates. OLD Z. Il r.
New YORK, August 81.
The sun., 1918-08-22
A SAILOR ON CLUTCHES.
Into a Broadway surface car came
/ sailor. a smiling young sailor. on

Into a Broadway snrface car came
a sailor. a smiling young sailor. on
crutches.
Instantly a man sitting in one Of
the end seats got UP to give the young
sailor his seat but the sailor declined
II; the car was full, there were three
women standing there at that end Of
the car. and the sailor wouldn't take
a seat while women stood.
A moment later a woman, quite a
young woman. of maybe 16 or II, who
had been sitting at the aisle end Of
the next forward SCAT. offered her seat
to the sailor. She got up and faced
the sailor and offered her seat quietly
but very earnestly; manifestly she
would have been very glad to have
this young sailor on crutches take her
seat; but he smilingly declined It. for
the same reason that he had de-
clined the seat that the man had Of
fered him when he first entered the
car. But he had still another offer
coming.
Sitting In one Of those little single
seats, in the angle at that end of the
car, was a woman who might have
been 20 or thereabouts. not old by any
means. but old enough to be this
sailor boys mother, and when she
saw him decline the yo6ng woman's
seat she rose promptly and offered
him her seat. 1t might be said with
out exaggeration and with no attempt
at fine writing that az she stood UP
there was on her face a look that
might almost be described as yearn-
Ing: and It was easy to imagine that
she had a son Of about this young
sailors age; a son who was at that
moment somewhere on the broad
waters. on a warship. a sailor: or
somewhere in France. a soldier; and
she wanted TO help. to be OF some
slight service to this young man
standing before her, this young sailor
boy on crutches.
But he declined her offer too: smil-
ingly. but very respectfully; and then
he stood there, holding by the hand
grip on the back Of seat with one
hand. and bracing himself by one Of
his crutches with the other, till he
came to where he wanted to get of.
The sun., 1918-08-22

General CsowpEa and his assistants,
by whom they will be classified and
assigned to the duties they are At to
perform for their country.
There seems to have been some
misunderstanding on this point. and
1t should be cleared up. Nothing
that is now going forward in Wash
ington concerning a new draft touches
the men now called. They will reg
lister under existing law.
The sun., 1918-08-22

Policing a large theatre with young
women selected from they chorus is
likely to be popular with patrons
Police in theatre are for ornament
end Information. and women police
will be better looking than their pre-
decessors of gilded chains and naughty
mien. and will be much more likely
correctly to inform suburbanltes how
much Of the last act they can sit
through without missing their fast
trains than a man who never had,
has not and never will have the slight
est interest In any train that runs BE-
yond the city limits.
The sun., 1918-08-22
THE MAIL SERVICE.
Camp Dix Is n Long Way From
Home by the Postal Route.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sr: It
takes from two to three weeks for me
to get letters from Holyoke Mass. to
Camp Dix. n. J. One letter was sent
on July 22. . registered letter. and il
is not here Vet. Another letter was sent
from Brockton, Mass. the same day,
and II has not reached me yet
II man in camp has a package sent
to him he will get It after what is in
II Is rotten.
Mr.. Curtis might have had poor SER
vice, but us poor soldiers get rotten
service. ALBERT IMHoF.
WARD rs. BASE HOSPITAL. CAMP DIX.
y. j., August 10.
The sun., 1918-08-22

There is one thing election prophets
must consider in all Its meanings from
Buffalo to Albany to the white House.
and that is that when M. Ford of
Detroit heart. that another and
strong opponent had entered the pri-
maries against him he did not issue a
statement--he went fishing
The sun., 1918-08-22

Premier CLEMENcEAU predicts that
victory will be achieved this yean The
optimism. of the French statesman is
more robust than that of General
PErToN MARCH, who says that in 1919
We may win
The sun., 1918-08-22

An American Colonel asked a cap
fured ofiicer IL the German privates
were told that they would be killed IL
captured BY Americans. why, yes"
replied the German ofYlcer. don't you
tell your men the same thing about
the Germans?" Nothing SO disconcerts
q liar as the truth.
The sun., 1918-08-22

Stacker bachelordom is saved the
trial OF choosing between matr!mony
and the army by Secretary BAKER's
announcement that wife will not be
effective as a towards shield.
The sun., 1918-08-22

The decision to do away with the
Coney Island Mardi Gras this year
will greatly reduce the number Of
straw hat arguments.
The sun., 1918-08-22

Rich Germans fee from Rhine towns.
--Hcddline.
Die wacht" is leaving the stream
divine
The sun., 1918-08-22
WHAT TROOPS MAKE UP A UNITED
STATES ARMY DIVISION.
Figures Composition Of the Forces We Have Shall
Have IN

The average civilian Is very much
at sea over the figures that are coming
from Washington with respect to the
number of the men the United States
expects to place on the battle line and
what the figures actually represent
General Peyton C. March. Chief Of
Stan Of the army. has told the Senate
Committee on Military Affairs and the
correspondents that be expects to
have eighty divisions in action by 0e
middle Of the coming summer.
Just what that represents is the sub
ject Of as many guessee as there are
readers OF the statement. The facts,
based upon the latest tables Of organi-
zation that the army has let us have.
show that only q little more than half
Of the total forces overseas will be at
grips with the Germans. In other
words, Of the more than 5000. 900 men
called for in the programme the mo-
bile combatant troops, exclusive Of
cavalry and heavy artillery, will
amount to 1.77s.6o0 men.
AS tue Stdik outhhou thC
division It contained 2s,268 men. Then
same a suggestion from abroad that
the organization be revised, and It was
changed to give a total Of 27.162 men,
divided as follows:
Combatant troops:
One division headquarters. ....... 1G+
One machine gun battalioh...... 7os
Two infantry brigades, each Of two
regiments and one machine gun
battalion OF three companies .16. 40
One field artillery brigade of three
regiments and one trench mortar
battery .-................. o'OoS
Total combatants. ..............2 2.420
The non-hghting elements were:
One field signal battalion. ......... 262
One regiment Of engineers. ......... 1906
One train headquarters and military
police. .................... 8S7
One ammunition train. ............. 962
One supply train. ................ 472
Ono engineer train. "a
One sanitary train. .........-.... 90
OF the 4,732 non-combatant troops
attached to a division 1t has been
true that many have dropped their
peaceful pursuits and taken q hand in
the fighting. notably the engineers,
who more than once have left their
picks to shoulder rifles and give a
fine account of themselves. The
American engineers did this with the
British at Cambria. and more recently
with their own forces at the Marine.
But they DO not properly belong in
the list of fighting troops. and there
is usually plenty of work for them
without making them do double duty.
They are actually auxiliary to the
combatant troops.
General March has told the newspa-
per correspondents that the division
actually represented 10000 men, and
then added that to get a safe multi
plier they had better take $4,000. He
peant :hat the fighting forces began
operations at the base ports where the
troops are embarked. and that lines
Of communication. supply and medical
attendance, to say nothing of the air
The sun., 1918-08-22

The people OF Buffalo have repealed
the six cent fare In that city out OF
Difference to the buffalo nickel.
The sun., 1918-08-22
Transit,

Knicker-The boys are saying. Heaven.
hell or Hoboken by Shrlstmas"
Bocker-Another II system.
The sun., 1918-08-22

THE EVENING SUN. Per Month. ..ee5o
THE EVENING SUN Per Year. ...... 100
THE EVENING SUN (Foreign) Per Mo. 1.se
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-07-10
OF
GERMAN ARMY
BREAKS DOWN
Orders Which Fall Into British
Hands Indicate Growth of
characterization
AUSTRIA REJECTS BELOW
Will Not Accept Hun Choice as
Commander Of Forces-Bul-
garians Are DESERVING

London, July 10. Indications of a
breakdown in discipline in the second
German army are found in two orders
issued by General Won Der Marwitz,
which have fallen into British hands,
says the correspondent of the Times
at British headquarters in France. In
the orders, General Won Der Marwitz
makes this complaint:
Discipline, which is the keystone
of our army, is seriously shaken.
Gases of soldiers refusing to obey
orders are increasing to an alarming
extent" &
AUSTRIA REJECTS Won BELOW
Rome, July 1O,-Austria has de-
clined to accept the German general
Otto Won Below as commander in
chief of the forces on the Italian front
because Germany offered to send
twelve German divisions with him, ac-
cording to the, newspaper Epoca,
which bases the stateemnt on advices
from Swiss source.
Austria, it adds, has temporarily
given up the idea Of revenging her.
self for her recent defeat by Italy.
BULGARIANS DESERVING.
London, July 10.-Desertions from
the Bulgarian army on the Macedon-
ian front are increasing greatly,
French headquarters in Macedonia in
forms correspondent of the Times.
All the deserters say that conditions
in Bulgaria have become unbearable
and that hopes of an ultimate victory
have vanished. tt@ & 3