davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The courier-index., 1918-03-22
Weekly War News Digest

plant to handle 5S.n00 rifles and ma chine guns month: a large shop for the repair of horse and infantry equipment: a reloading plant capable of relocating about 100000 artillery cartridges day
 The ordnance base will include 20 large storehonses, 12 shop build ings, loo smaller shops and maga- zines. and tool and machine equ D. ment costing S5.000,000. Approxi- mately 45o officers and 16.0O0 men will be required for maintenance
 10000 Skilled Men Wanted for Serv-
 ice in Aviation Section
 Qualified men registered under the selectiye service law may be induct- ed into service to fill the call for 10000 skilled mechanics needed for the aviation section of the signal corps. by applying to their local boards Men not registered may en- list at recruiting stations.
 The present call is particularly for machinists. auto mechanics. engine re- pair men. gunsmiths, chauffeurs. car penters, blacksmiths. tinsmiths. cab met makers. electricians. copper smiths. sheet metal workers. propel- Ter makers, wireless operators and constructors. tailors. tent makers. sail makers. truck masters. vulcan izers, welders. and experts on mag netos, ignition systems, cameras, watches and clocks
 Men will be sent to San Antonio for segregation by trades. followed by brief course of instruction at flying fields or factories. then orga- nized into squadrons mostly for serv- ice overseas Additional information may i.e secured by application to the sir Division. Personnel Department Washington. D. c.
 First Gas Masks Made by Women oi
 England and France
 The use Of gas in warfare dates back to about 400 E. C. The Spart- sns saturated wood with pitch and sulphur and burned it under the walls Of cities which they were attacking. For several centuries gas has not been used in warfare. and The Hague convention definitely ruled against it. However. on April g. 1915. the Ger mans liberated great clouds of gas against Canadian troops at Ypres- Terrible destruction and demoraliza- ton resulted from this first gas at tack and within a week England was making plans for gas warfare against the Germans.
 Soon after the first German gas srtaeh English and French women sent to the front hundreds of thous- ands of home made gas masks For the most part they were merely ban dages impregnated with chemicals to wrap around the mouth and nose These emergency masks saved many lives. but afforded only limited pro- tection-
 Small caliber Bullet has Armorpierc- ina. Tracing and lneendiary Action
 The present war has brought forth a new kind O ammunition for airplane use in the form of special cartridges containing bullets for armor piercing. tracing and incendi- ary purposes. All of these cartrid- ges are of the small calibers. accord ing to a statement authorized by the war department The three-tenths of an inch diameter and short lengths of the bullet left little space for the armor piercing element or for tracing and incendiary composition. but such
The courier-index., 1918-03-22

See J. w. Fielder for concrete Y of all kinds.
The courier-index., 1918-03-22

MILLER LUMBER COMrhn will help you to mako "" o:ors comfortable
The courier-index., 1918-03-22

CORN ON THIN LAND
 The first step in preparing for the best crop of corn practical on the
The courier-index., 1918-03-22
ANYWAY A DISTINCTION

ANYWAY, A DISTINCT'on
 Dr. Garfield may take to ms ?" the tlsrtering unction that ne s r haps the first man on recOlu arouse the resentment of a pssr by suggesting that they opser's 1 days.-New York Herald.
The courier-index., 1918-03-22

the campaign to compel the deliga| of clean coal.
 A division of "bettefments and q ditions" has been added to the n3 road administration in charge < Judge Robert s. Loyett The diykM will have Jurisdiction of betterna and addition to railroad lines throaq out the country.
 From the beginning of lsli August 1. 1917, there was total : vance of 82 per cent in the ies prices of bread, according to z department of labor. In the last V months there has been a decfsas and prices are now 66 per cent n' CT than at the beginning Of isli'
The courier-index., 1918-03-22
Ordnance Base Costing S25.oooooC
 For Forces in France

An ordnance base that VIII cOsI approximately s25.ooo.ooo is under construction in France. It will in clude a gun-repair plant equipped to refine more than 800 guns month; a large capacity carriage repair plant a motor vehicle repair plant capable of overhauling more than l.1oo ye- hicles month: a small arms repair
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17
GRAND HERALD, THURSDAY, JANUARY u, 1918.

all the people is subject to draft. Just ~ it has been &C.
cepted a. essential to the welfare and the very life Of the
nation that men shall be placed in the service OF the ma.
ton In the capacities in which they are best able to serve,
and that the selection shall be made on the basis or exact
equality. so it is essential that so much Of the property
of the people as is necessary shall be taken in the manner
which will be most conducivsto. military success as an
immediate object. and which viii at the same time tcave
the productive powers OF the nation impaired in the
smallest measure possible. -
The iselcctive draft law and the selective taxation
laws are merely measures providing the manner in which
the will Of the nation for effective service shall be given
effect. None Of these laws is perfect. Some of the de-
tccts may be quite grave ones. But such as. they are.
these laws provide operating machinery where action is
needed at once. =
Under the draft law a man may shirk. He may no,
dodge service entirely, but he may fail to render full ser.
vice. Upon such a course We would look with contempt.
similarly, while under the ak laws a man may not
escape entirely. 1T may be quite possible for him to per-
form something less than his full duty. He may do this
and escape the penitentiary. He may do it. perhaps, and
escape detection by his %neishbors. But il he is a man Of
intelligence he cannot do it and consider himself an
honest man.
In an able article devoted especially to the relation
Of the individual to the income tax the Literary Digest
says: =
1T is true, Of course, that we are carrying a great
burden OF TAXATION. but we are poor business men If we
regard these taxes as money lost. They are but tho
premiums We pay on the greatest insurance Of all times
insurance against the conditions now ruling in Russia.
insurance that will protect and preserve our families, our
property, our lives, our ideals. all that We are and all
that we hope to be. Think Of Belgium Systematically
ruined, think Of Poland devastated and laid waste, think
of Armenia, a nation massacred and murdered by an ally
of the Huns. Think on these things. and then REMEMBER
that every dollar of taxes you pay into the Treasury of
the United States places another barrier between your
loved ones and such unspeakable horrors as these.
The payment Of the income tax is the present duty
the splendid privilege-of six million citizens. NO loyal
American will fail to give immediate answer to the call.
For at this time OF great peril and pressing danger, when
the battle line and frontier Of civilization will soon DO
held by a million Of our beloved sons. even the least fail
ure to do promptly a simple and single duty might easily
prove to be a deed that would follow us with shame to
the end of our days.
"Iet every American citizen whose income is not ex-
empt act now-today-and so write his name on the
records as one who is willing to pay the price of liberty
and honor
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17
PATRIOTISM AND X

The notion that there is anything dishonorable in
having been drawn for military service under the general
draft law has been pretty we'll disposed Of. If we have
gone into this war on a volunteer basis: il there had been
made appeal after appeal for volunteers, and those a-
peals had gone unheeded; if after making every possible
effort to induce men to enlist, the draft law had been en-
acted as a last resort, then the situation would be differ
ent. But the facts are entirely the reverse. From the
outset this has been accepted as the peoples war, a war
sof the whole people, in which it would be necessary to
use the full strength Of the nation in whatever way that
hstrength could best be exerted. In this case the patrio,
stism of our people has been shown, not by a rush Of
gyolunteers to fill the ranks Of the army, but by the quiet
Sdetermined acceptance by the whole people Of a plan
which made its levy Immediately upon the entire popula-
stion, placing all localities, all occupations, on exactly the
same basis. The American nation volunteered when it
accepted with approval the act Of its chosen representa-
stys4 IN enacting the selective CONSUMPTION law. After tn.
passage Of that law the men whom 1t affected directly.
simply awaited orders. When the orders came thew v.r.
sebsyed. cheerfully and unhesitatfnsly. just q the further
sprders Of the government with reference to those Who
slhAys not yet been called viii be eheyed.s
Fss - sems principle that governs the selsetios Of men
Aeezedes3es governs the approprianeng u psSpsfty. The
$500 psiseipls Of sslsction appussL Al the propssty q
ENNN
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17
HERE'S A CHANCE FOR
.HlKERS TO GET BACK
THEIR THREE N

San Francisco, Jan. 1s.--Thousands
OF mixers whose weekend trips to
mountainous trails across San Fran
cisco hay have become a matter OF
discussion, as %cultivating a prepared
ness" physique. are not to he taxed
any more by the government for their
outing. In fact it appears to be a mis-
take that they were taxed at all.
The t%ranshay fare, to usual stopping
places, is about forty cents. Gray
heads who for a half score Of years
had made this weekly contribution
to health. were staggered at the de-
mand for three cents more as war tax.
Some of them had to go home to get
it, for a pocket lunch and a. Jack
knife are all the equipment the hiker
usually carries. Some $500 was thus
collected when notification was re-
ceivcd that round trips costing less
than seventy cents was not to be
taxed.
Government Officials said that any
affidavit, supported by two or more
witnesses. and demanding the return
OF three cents, unjustly paid, would
receive consideration,
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17
PURELY A WAR MEASURE

There ought to be no legislation at this time or IN
the near future based on the expectation Of a permanent
policy Of government ownership Of railroads in this
country. Today we have government operation Of rail-
roads. We have adopted that policy as a war measure,
and as a war measure only. 1t should be considered in
that light, and in no other.
1t may be that through complete government owner
ship we shall find the solution to our most serious trans
portation problems. We have at present no means Of
knowing. We may find it necessary to employ expedients
of which today We know nothing. Or We may conclude
that the best results will be attained by the return of the
railroads to private control under proper government
supervision. We have at present nothing on which to
base conclusions on the subject.
The experience of this war period ouxht to be valu,
able. We will be able to observe many things concerning
will have the opportunity to gain some exact knowledge.
But it must always be remembered that the experience Of
this time is peculiar in that it is the product of abnormal
conditions, and proper allowance for that abnormality
must always be made.
Legislation looking toward government ownership
would just now be worse than useless. 1t would give our
activities an impetus in a direction which might prove
later to be exactly the wrong one. and the preparation at
this time of plans for an undertaking SO vast as that of
controlling permanently the great transportation bust
ness Of the country would divert attention from subjects
of more pressing importance. Let us assume that the
railroads are to be operated by the government during
the war for war purposes, and that by the close Of the
war we may, perhaps. have acquired knowledge which
will enable US to act inteliEently in making a permanent
disposition Of the subject. ~
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17
SUCCESSOR
TO WILLARD TO
Be NAMED NOW
Action Will Depend on
Whether One Man War
j. Control Carries.

Washington, Jan. 17.-With the all
nouncement today Of the resignation
of Daniel Willard, as chairman OF Inc
industrial board. it was animated
there would he no appointment
of a new chairman pending action IN
congress on proposals for the creation
of a war supply department or az
ministration that would take over the
work Of the industries board as well
as that of bureaus of the war n
navy departments. The task OF per-
fecting the proposed legislation was
undertaken today by the senate, MIL
tary committee. which Temporarily
suspended it's investigation OF war
preparations for the purpose.
: Daily meetings of the coWmittee
will be held until a bill for II man
control of munitions and supplies is
ready for representation to the senate;
Mr.. Wizards request to be rei,eveo
was sent to the president in a. letter
dated January IL, in which ne sald
government operation of the railroads
had raised SO many unforeseen n
intricate difficulties that it seemed
clear that he should devote all ms
time to the affairs of the Baltimore
and ohio railroad, of which ne is
president.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17
BAN is PLACED ON
LIQUOR SHIPMENTS
TO MOORHEAD, MINI.

Fargo, n. D., Jan. 16.-Express
companies in Moorhead were tonight
notified by Sheriff Dan Mcdonald of
Clay county not to deliver any ship
ments of liquor which reached that
city this evening. The sheriff execut-
cd h order as a result Of an edict Of
the Minnesota Safety commission,
which prohibited shipments of liquor
into Clay county. heretofore clear
ing house for illegal shipments to
North Dakota. shipments over the
Great Northern from Red Lake Falls.
Many getting wind of the coming or
der. put in advanced ordeps. expecting
to have clear way before the order
dropped. About thirty casks Of beer
and Il large number Of cases contain
ing whiskey are held in the Great
Northern express office. Shipments to
the Northern Pacific from the Twin
Cities are not so heavy. 1t is rumored
that some Of the shipments to Moor
head were for persons attending the
Tri-State Grain Growers convention
hcro
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17
New Plan Adopted To
Send Out Fire Alarm
In Mines Near Butte

Butte. Mont. Jan. 17.-Fire alarms
in the Butte Mining company's prop
here are to he spread through
the sense of smell rather than that OF
hearing or sight. Fly the means Of
air. an unusual odor is to
be forced through the workings, and
it is believed that the alarm may thus
be spread quickly.
Because it will not depend upon
circuits. as the present sys-
tenn Of electric lights does, and will
be distinctly noticeable everywhere in
the mine, it is believed that the pro-
posed system will be most eficacious.
AS u part Of it's safety first" pro-
gram at its Black Rock mine, the
Butte & Superior company is issuing
at intervals a periodical. containing a
t~abulated record of all accidents
whereby a man is i~ncapacitated for
IL days or more. First aid SUCCESS
tons and rules for accident prevention
also are given.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17
Special Courses In -
Farming For Women
OF Washington State

Pullman. Wash. Jan. 17.--Farni
and city women of eastern Washing
on began on January Z special
courses in home gardening and
chicken raising, at Washington state
college here. The courses are being
given under the direction OF Professor
+. o. kraeger, head of the depart-
ment Of elementary science.
The women are receiving inStruc-
ton in such subjects as the construc-
ton Of "knock down" cold frames.
which they may take home to start a
hock. and a wide range of other home
gardening activities.
After March 80, when the students
have returned home. the instruction is
to be. continued 10y mean Of CORE
spondenca and advice from members
Of the college faculty.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17
ALLEGED %DISSEMENTOR
OF PROPAGANDA IS
lNTERNED IN CALIFORNIA

San Francisco, Cal, Jan. 1s,-
rnans s~enluorusge. an alleged dis
arrested here today BY densrtmant VIZ as
Justice officials on a. presidential VA
rant. n informed as a dangerous
Schlubrugse was apprehended in =,
.en,omaeie apartment house in the
"a district here, federai Off
b tecs saia, It = alleged that he had
CIV a 1,ven $4,000 by q wealthy Wild
ouoted Pl 10, sentiment who was
mat she had $4,000 more - he HsaS
Tor iurtherins S~chlubrucre,s s11seed
aee.vlties. Federal authorities init
nmatea mat the arrest Of the woman
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17
700 10 500 VESSELS
CONVERTED TO WAR USE
By NAVY DEPARTMENT

r Washington, Jan. 1s.-since the
United States entered the WA the
~ nssy mas taken over and converted
passenger and freight vessels. v. cbt rv
1 1%,' i,shinE boats. and other craft
m M, MAS disclosed today by Chair hair
ins ce U,,psr Of tho House lnvestisst-
rsaus Of construction ana repa Mr . Uu,
tons snads to meet war demands.
had 's enable. s9s veg n setting supple.
force in the war zone to Keen S1 T. oen.
lnuous operation and in = hfi-hW "a.
Q. stnclsney despite the "didicult and
Engaged. ~ '7ey Aso
Representative Rritten o. 1n,,o,s.
: republican member Of the cnm mod,'
s rin. e corn. y. .saeial. q the ma
p4r,ns for y. va 'h IN d tH,s:,sh =, II +. Pre-
~"WNS$>S { ---r+H--.- F-''.a
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17
POPULATION OF
UNITED STATES
l05,006,000
Such is Estimate of Experts
When Figuring Per Capt.
ia Money Circulation.

Washington. Jar! 1.-THE popula.
ton OF continental United States on
January ! was lO5,oO6.000 as csti-
mated by treasury department cx-
perts who calculated the %percapita
money circulation at $4S.76 on that
date. An increase of 1,719,o0O in
population fron, January l last year
is shown while the per capita c%ircula-
ton increased $5.76. On January l.,
1879, the population was 4a,2s1,n00
and the per rapita circulation $l6.92.
The general stock of money in the
United States on January | this year
s6,256,19S,271. an increase Of ST..
2~44.l5.,754 over thai date last year,
and the amount in circulation was
$5.120,424.90s, AN increase of s679,-
492,274 over last yea
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17
TRANSFER OF
RAILROAD MEN
IS UNDER WAY
Skilled Mechanics From the
West to be Sent East where
There is Shortage.

Washington, Jan. 1.-THE railroad
adn,inistrat ton today was working out
arrangements for the temporary
transfer Of skilled railroad mechanics
from the west to the east where at
present there exists an acute short
age in competent labor material. Ma
chinists and a repairmen. it was
pointed out by executives of eastern
lines. are needed chiefly to restore
to service numbers of locomotives and
freight cars now out of commission
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17
LIGHT ON AMERICA

In Russia new light is being shed on America every
day. Returned refugees, who got their ideas Of this
country from a few months sojourn in some conxested
district Of New York. continue their authoritative ex-
position Of American aims and ideals. Petrosrad has
furnished notable instances Of returned authorities on
America, and vladivostok now presents "Comrade Kov-
alcheek." who, too. knows all about US.
1t is due to comrade Kovalcheek that a vladivo-
stok newspapers is able to expose to the Russian people
the sinister character of the Y. N. G. A. He spent some
time in America and appears to have observed this in
stitution closely, according to the newspaper. And he
assures the Russian editor that no more sinister, CAPT
talistic. antidemocratic and nefarious instrument OF des-
potism exists. 1T supports rapacious interests and it
sanctions the use Of physical violence against working
people" he declares. Moreover, lit is striving to the ut
most to turn an ignorant man into an entirely submis,
sive slave" II it nnds that a man is a member of a
progressive workman's party it will not help him to
hnd work. And 50 on.
Comrade Kovalcheel's contribution to the sum Of
ignorant and malicious Misrepresentation about Amer
lea is reported in = Natet from Professor Dennis. for
merly of orthwesterHS untt now engaged in r.
N. c. A. work in Russia. II helps complete the picture
Of that queer, distorted and utterly unreal United States
which the returning and unsrsteful axiles have drawn
to mislaad and pTedudtcs the Russian people against
American democracy and all its works-hicaro Her
aid.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17
BEET GROWERS
TO PLANT BIG CROP

Santa Ana, Cal, Jan. 16.-suear
beet growers through associations
representing more than half southern
CALIFORNIA; acreage. agreed today to
plant as big a crop as possible and
accept a price to be fixed by a com
mittee OF five to be named by the ma
tional food administration.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17

An ALLEN enemy may he only SO in a technical
sense. II he Is . GeF.aan subject he conas under that
classification, no matter what his sentiments may be,
and he Is rs4prsss Asht1sMsr ana otherwise tegsflsyss~s1s
himself IN accordance With the regulations
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-01-17

proved no less than seven times and
IN each case Martin Sheridan was the
athlete { . batter his previous throw.
The Newark journal., 1918-11-21
WILSON DESICNATES THANKS
 GIVING DAY TO GIVE THANKS
 FOR PEACE AND OUR VICTORY

have nobly served their nation in serving mankind. God has indeed been gracious. We have cause for such rejoicing as re- wives and strengthens in us all the best traditions of our na- tional history. A new day shines about us, in which our hearts take new courage and look forward with new hope to new and greater duties.
 While We render thanks for these things let us not forget to seek the divine guidance in the performance of those du- ties and divine mercy and for eiveness for all errors of act CT purpose. and pray that in all that we shall strengthen the ties of friendship and mutual respect upon which we must assist to build the new struc- ture of peace and good will among the nations.
 Wherefore 1, Woodrow Will son, president of the United States of America, do hereby designate Thursday, the 18th day of November, next, as a day of thanksgiving and pray CT, and invite the people throu- gh0ut the land to cease upon that day from their ordinary occupations and in their sever al homes and places of worship to render thanks to God, the ruler of nations.
 Tn witness whereof I have hereanta set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done in the District of Columbia, this l6th day of November, in the year of our Lord 1918, and of the independence of the Unit ed States of America the Hard WOODROW WILSON.
The Newark journal., 1918-11-21
U. OF A. SERVICE
 FLAG HAS 98O STARS

Fayetteville, Nov. 18.-The service flag of the University of Arkansas now has 980 stars. Eight are gold stars in honor of eight University of Arkansas men who have given up their lives for the cause. There are approximately 539 men in the Students Army Training Corps on the campus of the Univer- sity. The men are being as- signed to officers training schools from time to time. Stars to represent them are ad- ded to the flag as soon as they leave the University. Six of the stars represent University women who are now serving their country.