davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28

Motors are rapidly taking the place of animal power in hauling products from the farm in many counties in the United States where the roads permit. A significant phase of this new development is the growth of regular freight service, by which farm CTS can hire the taking of their prod uce by motor truck directly from the farm to distant market, and thus avoid both the wagon haul and the shipment by railroad or boat.
 Of 1473 county reports received by the bureau of crop estimates of the United States department of agricul- ture In it's recent investigation of the hauling of products from farm to ship ping point by animal power and by motor, S9S reported the use of motors, mostly motor trucks. In a large frac- tion of these counties, motor truck service is just coming into use in haul ing products from the farm. There were many more reports of use for light traffic, such as poultry, eggs and vegetables, than for hauling grain. A few reports, scattered from Delaware to the Pacific coast, mentioned the great importance of the light motor truck service in delivering perishable fruits to shipping points.
 Z In many states. especially in the northern and south central sections, hogs were hauled preferably in motor trucks on account of the relatively small amount of shrinkage compared With hauling in wagons. Some coun- ties reported hogs hauled exclusively in motor trucks, although these vehicles had not yet come into general use for grain or other products
 IMPROVED ROADS HELP
 One of the chief limitations of the use Of the truck is the condition of the roads, and several reporters men toned a beginning of motor truck use as following closely an improvement in roads. Another hindrance to using motors is connected with the seasonal distribution of farm work Some cor respondents said that after their har- vest was over there was no work for their horses to do but haul, and that
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
Keeping Accounts Paid

A farmer who kept accounts under the direction of the University of Missouri College of Agriculture the last two years made a thousand dollars through better hog feeding. Like many persons, he knew better than to do as he was doing, but he was Missourian enough that he had mot only to be shown. but must do the showing himself. This is where the farm accounts system came in. He adopted hog feeding methods that animal huS- bandry experiments have shown beyond question to be practicable. His accounts convinced him that such methods were practicable for him.
 return after all other expenses, includ- ing labor, had been paid of $1.03 a bushel for the corn fed This left a profit of 14 cents a bushel from feeding the corn. That was not so bad, but the next year he determined to do better. The next year his hogs netted a return of s a bushel for the corn fed. Corn sold lo- cally for $1. 40 bushel. This left profit of s1 so bushel from feeding the corn. The price received for hogs the second year. however, was 66 per cent higher. This would account for an increased re- ceipt per bushel of 66 per cent of S1.03, or 6S cents. Other things being the same as the year before, $l.H bushel TOT corn could have been expected due to the increase in price received for hogs. The actual returns amounted to S3 a bushel. This leaves the difference be- tween S3 a bushel and $1.n a bushel, or s1.29 a bushel, increased profits due to improved methods. To be conservative and clearly within the limits of truth, the difference due to better methods was counted as an even $1 bushel. Eleven hundred and thirty bushels of corn were fed. The saving was safely put at 5000.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
Lad Who Stays Behind

Florence Boyce Davis. in Farm Journal Here's to the lad who stays to swing
 The scythe with his strong right arm; Here's to the lad who is harvesting
 The ripened fruits of the farm. He has seen his comrades marching by Valiant of heart and clear of eye: He has heard far off the bugle cry
 And quickened to wars alarm. Face to the land of LaFayette,
 He dreams as he plants and tills; His thought afar though his feet are set On the sward of his native hills. One for the bayonet; one for the hoe: One to stay and another to go: One for striking his country's foe,
 And another for filling her mills. So here's to the lad who takes the spade Though he longs to shoulder the gun; Loyal of heart and unafraid
 He is serving against the Hun. From his hand the fighting men are fed And starving children are given their
 bread:
 I would gather iaurels to crown his head After the war is dons.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
HAVE GOOD HOME-CURED PORK

the ropy pickle; or. better, make new pickle When each piece of meat has re- celved the proper cure take 1t out of the pickle and wash in lukewarm water, string and hang in the smokehouse. The temperature of the smokehouse should not exceed 125 degrees. Smoke the meat until 1t has a good chestnut color. ANOTHER WAY An excellent cure, in which the meat is preserved In brine formed from the | mixture of the juices brought out of the meat by the application of the following ingredients.
 For each 100 pounds of meat use eight and one-haf pounds salt, two pounds melted sugar or warm syrup, two ounces saltpepter, two ounces red pepper, two ounces black pepper.
 All the ingredients should be mixed thoroughly. Rub each piece of meat with the mixture Pack the meat in a container, hams on the bottom, shoulders next, and bacon and sides on top. Enough liquid will be formed to cover the hams. Allow the meat to cure for six weeks; string and hang in the smokehouse. The bacon and smaller pieces of meat, after they are cured, should be eaten first The hams are better after they have aged.
 Dh l-SOhED SOhh Dry cured pork requires more work | than brine cured, though it is some | times less expensive. Danger from rats and other vermin is less in the case ot brine cured pork. Both methods of cur | ing are very successful if care is taken | to see that each operation is executed correctly. Following is the method o1 dry curing:
 
 For each 100 pounds of meat use seven pounds salt, two and one-half pounds sugar, two ounces saltpeter.
 | Mix all the ingredients thoroughly ther
 rub one-third of the quantity of this mixture over the meat and pack it away { in box or on table, The third day 1 break bulk and rub on half of the re. maining mixture over the meat ant again pack the meat. Break bulk tn, seventh day and rub the remainder oi the mixture over the meat and pack thu
 meat to cure. Allow one day and hal
 to cure. for each pound the pieces O
 meat average. After the meat has cured
 wash each piece with lukewarm wate | and hang in the smokehouse
 Another dry cure is as follows: l For each 100 pounds of meat use eigh pounds salt, three pounds warm syrup | two ounces saltpeter, three ounces blacl pepper, two ounces red pepper.
 All the above ingredients should b. mixed together thoroughly Rub eac piece of meat thoroughly with this mix ture and pack the meat in bulk on clean floor or table or in container
 In ten days break bulk and repack tn
 meat. This is done to make the cur
 more uniform and to prevent souring Allow the meat to cure five or six weeks
 PICKLED PORK
 Fat backs cut into suitable pieces fo curing are generally treated in the fol
 lowing manner: The pieces of meat ar
 packed In container and pickle mad of the following ingredients is poure over the meat: to four gallons of wate add 10 pounds of salt and two ounce of saltpeter for each 100 pounds of meat
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
High Spots in Agriculture

Mottled butter is due largely to uneven distribution of salt
 Operation of gins at rapid speeds in- jures the fiber of cotton by cutting it.
 Three Cs for caring for milk in the home: Keep 1t cold, covered and clean.
 Oats watered to make them weigh more cannot legally be shipped in interstate commerce.
 A ton of soy beans will yield about to gallons of oil useful in various ways.
 One hundred and twenty-four pairs of birds nest on the average farm in the northeast.
 Garlic flavor can be eliminated by heat ing milk to 145 degrees Fahrenheit, and blowing air through it.
 The sense of direction in migratory birds is as marvellous as it is mysterious. The familiar inhabitants of the dooryard martin boxes return the next year, though meanwhile they have visited Brazil.
 The melting point of southern-made butter is higher where cattle are fed cotton seed products.
 Fall blowing, disking and narrowing help to destroy eggs of grasshoppers and other insects.
 Delicious table sirup can be made from cull and waste apples by home methods developed by the United States depart ment of agriculture.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
Records Aid Farmers

E When business concern wants to bor- row money it makes a business state ment showing the inventory-or money invested at the beginning and end of the year-the money taken in during the year, the expenses and the profits. With this statement a banker knows whether or not it is safe to loan money to this company-in other words, whether the company has a good chance of securing profitable returns from further invest ment in their business. A company with a good business, as shown by such statement, usually has good credit and can borrow money cheaply.
 There are many farmers in this coun- try who keep records of what they have on hand at the beginning and end of the year and of what they take in and what they spend. These men can borrow money more easily and cheaply than most farmers because they have the figures to show the banker.
 But before a farmer borrows any money he should have very clearly in mind what he wants to use it for, and be very sure that in the end it will pay him to borrow.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
Sheep as Benefactors

A hundred times you have noticed and
 been annoyed by the man, horse and little moving machine going about clip
 ping the grass on the golf course. Sometimes you have noticed another fellow, or a group of fellows. going over the course. bending, prodding in the grass with little trowel-like tools. Annoying? Yes; but. in the ordinary course of things, necessary. The grass has to be kept short and smooth for your comfort and convenience. And the ugly weeds have to be rooted out. Still all of that work has to be paid for out of the dues of the members. And, after all, the whole business-an- noyance and expense-might be avoided. A flock of sheep would keep the grass clipped as closely and as neatly as the | mower does-and the sheep would eradi- cate the weeds much more certainly than l tho prodding fellows possibly can. l Besides they would convert the grass and weeds into meat and wool to help the nation through an emergency in which I 1t badly needs both meat and wool.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
big truck gathering produce transport city

motor trucks would not be an economy.
 In other instances, the trucks were reported to have done needed haulng
 at times when laborers and horses
 could not well be spared from the farms. A market gardeners associa- tion in Rhode Island is said to De opera ting a few trucks with trailers
 and to carry produce to the city mar ket at a cost averaging only 10 cents
 per ton-mile.
 Frequent mention is made, even in
 the east, of trucks which do a regular
 freighting business, charging farmers
 for the service. One Tennessee farm CT reported having paid truck to
 haul a load of fifteen hogs to market
 distance of ten miles, and the trip
 was made in the evening after supper.
 USED A REGULAR TRAIN
 Tractors with trail wagons are in
 more or less frequent use in various
 states, including North Dakota and
 using ten wagons drawn by one trac-
 tor and moving 1000 bushels of wheat at time.
 The great variety of local transport conditions in the United States Is illustrated in some notes from these county reporters. One man gives an average of fifteen miles as the long, est distance TOT any conSlderdple HuIn- Der of farmers, but explains that the
 haul is to the Cumberland river, which, in his county, Is navigable only five months of the year; for the other seven months the haul Is forty miles to a railroad. In Mathews county, Virginia. few trucks are used; but, since the county is indented by several navi- gable waterways, motor boats and sail boats are used by the farmers to a considerable extent. One reporter in western Oregon says that neither roads nor automobiles are to be found within twenty miles of his home; prod uce is carried on pack mules. over difficult trails, to a landing on Rogue river. The heavy hauling in Mecosta county, Michigan, as in some other northern counties in the United States. Is often postponed until snow comes,
 when sleds are used
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28

The year that brings to America and the allies victory in the great war also brings to the south the fruits of the biggest years work that ever has been done in freeing it from one of the great est obstacles to the development of bal anced and prosperous agriculture
 The federal and state forces fighting the cattle fever tick-the destructive animal parasite that has caused an an- nual loss estimated at $40,000, ,000- have gone so far lover the top' this year that in the 12 months ending De- cember 1 they will have driven the tick from 79,217 additional square miles of territory in nine southern states. That is the greatest area ever freed from the tick in one year since the cam paign began actively in 1906. Added to the territory previously freed, 1t makes 45S,529 square miles-63 per cent of the 728,565 square miles infected and quarantined on July l, 1906. The &C., complishment convinces officials of the bureau of animal industry, United States department of agriculture, that their goal of "tick-free south" will be attained early in the 1s2os.
 SOUTH CAROLINA FREE
 Aside from the outstanding fact that the releases from quarantine on De- cember 1-soon to be formally author ized by the Secretary of Agriculture will open up great area to unrestrict- ed cattle raising and marketing, the year will be notable because it places another state in the 100 per cent tick free column. That state Is South Caro- lima, from 10 counties of which the federal restrictions are to be raised. These 10 counties lying along the coast and with an area of S739 square miles, are the last in the state to be freed. In 1906 all the A counties of South square miles, were infected and quar- antined
 DRIVES WEDGE TO THE SEA
 The freeing of all of South Carolina is significant, because 1t IS the first At lantic coast state to be wholly lib- erated. It marks the driving of a wedge to the gulf. The tick map, freeing of all of Mississippi drove a wedge to the gudg. The tick map, changed to accord with the December releases, shows how the long battle Is being won. In place of the solid band Of red that 12 years ago covered all the south there Is 8 broad rib bon of white to the gulf, another to the At lantfc, and white areas through all the territory that in 1908 was closed to the unrestricted production and move ment of cattle.
 TICK FIGHT A WAR MEASURE
 That tick eradication has been rec ognlzed as war measure was shown by an emergency appropriation by Con gress to provide additional men for the work. As result of the special funds, added to the regular appropria- ton, it was possible during 1918 to at tack the tick with larger force than ever before. On July 1. 1918 there were at work 3b4 inspectors of the bureau of animal industry representing the fed eral government; 353 state inspectors, and 14sO county inspectors. They super vised 6,6S0,232 clippings of cattle dur ing that month in the 26,976 dipping vats that were available. The method of eradication followed this year was the same as that adopted early in the campaign, consisting of systematic dip
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
Negroes Buy Cattle

Dairy extension forces in North Caro-
 lima. working through the local agent in
 Sampson county, have placed IS head of lpure-bred Jersey cows with negro farm CTS. It Is said to be the first organized
 effort to place pure-bred animals for family use on negro farms. These anil
 mals were part of carload purchased
 by the dairy extension men in Ohio.
 The negroes paid an average of $1O0 g head for the Jerseys. The cows were se- cured only from herds in which milk production and butter-fat content were very high. and were much better in dividuals than are ordinarily brought
 k in by traders.
 Sydney {New South Wales) retail butch-
 CTS protest that the frozen meat with which the government has supplied them
 is unsuitable for trade. They call on
 the government to supply freshly killed meat. Many retailers display the sign, "No frozen meat sold here. Tho meat administrator has ordered this practtce to be abandoned.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
Home Pasteurization

The pasteurization of milk has been so much thought of as a process performed by elaborate plants that it may not be a matter of common knowledge that such equipment is not necessary. Milk may be pasteurized at home with the very simplest of paraphernalia. Pasteurization consists merely in exposing the milk to high temperature All the equipment necessary is a metal pail, a pie pan with some holes punched in the bottom, and thermometer. The pail is filled to the proper depth with water and the milk, in the bottles in which it is delivered, placed in it, the pie pan having been placed at the bottom to allow free CIT culation of water under the bottles and to prevent pumping. A hole is punched through the cap of one of the bottles and the thermometer inserted.
 The pail is then placed on the stove or over a gas burner and heated until the thermometer in the milk shows not less than 145 nor more than 150 degrees Fan renheit. The bottles are removed from the water and the one with the punctured cap covered with an inverted cup. The thermometer, meanwhile, has been placed In the water in the pail and cold water added until the temperature of the water is between 145 and 15O degrees The bot ties are then replaced in the water, COW cred with towel and held thus for from 20 to 30 minutes. The final process is to run cold water into the pail until the milk Is reduced to the temperature of the tap water. The milk is then pas- teurized and should be immediately placed in the refrigerator, preferably with ice packed around the bottles It must be remembered that pasteurization does not destroy all bacteria and that even pas milk rn11St he keDt constantly cold Where pasteurized milk cannot be purchased and where conditions under which the raw milk is produced are un- known, home pasteurization is recom- mended by the United States department of agriculture.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
Animal Tuberculosis

Tn April 22.492 cattle were tested for tuberculosis in the tuberculosis eradi- cation work of the bureau of animal in- dustry, United States department of agri- culture. This number was S494 more than were tested in the preceding month. The tuberculosis control measures are to be applied, in cooperation with state au- thorities and live stock owners, along three lines-eradication of tuberculosis from pure bred herds, eradication from circumscribed areas and eradication from swine. In the beginning efforts are be- ling concentrated on eradication of the disease from pure bred herds.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
Tim s Horse Talk

Constipation causes much suffering and loss among horses fed principally on tim othy hay and corn. A little oil meal some alfalfa or a little clean silage daily or tablespoonful of Epson salts every day or two in the feed will regulate the workings of the intestines.
 The tendency of mares to fatten as pregnancy advances during the winter must be guarded. else the mares may become so fat as to interfere with the development of the foal. Abortion may result from failure to guard against this condition.
 Good grain rations for colts the first winter are: Two parts corn, five parts oats, three parts bran, and one part oil- meal or four parts oats, one part corn and one part bran.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
Unusual Merit.

The most enjoyable thing to a lover of tobacco is good. rich, ripe mel low chew or smoke. The Gaulden To- baccc Go. of Dukedom, Tenn, W i'll mail you absolutely free sample of Honest Homegrown, Homespun leaf tobacco for you to test for yourself the delicious fla vor and fragrant aroma of this excel lent tobacco. If you do not want to wait for a sample send $1 for trial 2-lb. package, either chewing or smoking, strong or mild This company guaran- tees satisfaction and you take no risk by ordering.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
Leftover Boiled Rice

Here is use for small quantities of leftover boiled rice, suggested by the United States department of agriculture:
 Rice With Cheese-Heat l cupful of boiled rice in 2 tablespoonfuls of milk Add 1 cupful of grated cheese, 1a tea spoonful of salt, and other flayorng, if desired, and cook slowly until the cheese is melted Then add 1 eggs well beaten. Serve on crackers or toast
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
HOLD COTTON FOR GOOD PRICES

and will remain relaxed as in the case of a holiday which will close only when the peace conference is over and the world gets down to business again. The present is the wrong time to sell any thing except actual necessities.
 J. A. WADE, Commissioner of Agriculture and Indus tries.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-28
UNAVOIDABLE HINDRANCES

All foreign countries are short on stocks of cotton and their people thinly clad
 They will come into the cotton market strong within the next few months. These countries arc more vitally interested in the peace conference at this time than they are in the purchase of cotton. Just as soon as the peace status of the for eign countries Is known they will au be in the cotton market for the muoh-need- ed supply. The signing of peace treaty will automatically annul all war boards and red tape restrictions. Six United States senators are now working on the situation endeavoring to loosen up these restrictions at the earliest possible mo- ment.
 Every person who possesses cotton must think for himself, but give my opinion that with the signing of peace treaty and removal of the restrictions on the sale of cotton. the highest price of the season will come within three months. My advice is to hold all cotton for the present regardless of what may hap pen. On November Il the world rslaxed