davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-01-20
Queries and Answers

1900 Win you kindly, give the main
circumstances of the var referred to-,
me war referred to was under Pres
ioent Adams's Administration. The
T. feNcn Munster urged our government
20 conclude league with France
against Hreat Britain, and when tn,
resident and Congress refused. the
frencn directory began to demand AZ
asllliance; On the 10th of March, 1897.
1hat Oody issued instructions TO French
men l-of-war 20 assaii the commerce O.
the United States. and Mr. PinckneTs >
me American Minister in Paris. wa
,fGefed 10 leave the country.
Ihese proceedings were equiyalent
to a declaration OF war.
hlbrdge Gerry and John Marshall
we're directed to ioin Mr.. Pincknev
abroad IN Il final effort for peaceabl.,
Adjustment Of the difficulties. But tne
DlNectory refused to receive the am
o9assadofs except upon condition thai
sneY "on.d paw INTO ne French treas
ary quarter of 4 million dollars.
ihcnney answered that the United
N'&scs I'D millions Tor defence but NOT
4 cent Tor tribute. The American en-
yoys were thereupon ordered to leave
the country.
In the following year Washington
was called from his retirement and ap-
pointed commander in chief Alexan-.
der hamilton was chosen first major
general The treaties with France were
declared void. and vigorous prepara-
tons were made for war. Six Amer
can irlgates were put 10 sea and IN
the fall Of 1893 did good service for
the country. On the 9th Of February
tonlmodore 1ruNtun. while cruising IN
the Constellation in the West Indies.
attacked the lnsurgent French man
cf-war, carrying more than five hun
cred seamen, and gained Il complet,
victory. Meanwhile Napoleon, who had
overthrown the Directory Of France,
sought peace with the United States.
Negotiations were at once opened. and
in September, 1900. were successfully
terminated with 4 treaty of peace.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-20
The E.x-khedive
And the Central Powers

4 PREVIOUS examination Of the sus-
pected movements Of Bolo and com
p'any in Italy had led Captain Bou-
chardon, the officer in charge Of the
mmi!itary N inquiry, upon the traces of
caillaux in relation with the very mon
IN Italy with whom Bolo had frequent,
ed. Thus it is proved beyond any doubt
that ex-Deputy Cavallini, of Rome,
win whom Bolo had arranged several
business deals, was in close touch with
NalllauX at the time Of his several Wis
Its to Rome. Cavallini himself is at
present on trial for treason. Investiga-
non has clearly indicated that he un-
aertook to act as the intermediary be-
Tween the exKhcdvc of Egypt, Abbas
'filmI. representing the Central Pow
efs' ana any influential Frenchmen who
could be induced to listen
by devious methods which have not
~. pecome entirely clear, presumably
through Bolo. Cavallini engaged the
attention of several Frenchmen who
were frankly curious concerning hints
ne freely dropped OF the possibility
OF dlsengaging Turkey from her ALI
ance with the Central Powers. This
feat. 1T seemed. might be performed
by the timely intervention of Abbas
Hllml, who was stationed at Geneva
and who awaited The word to set the
underground machinery in motion.
BRAND. Prime Minister in 1916. re-
ceived various hints on the possibility
end ,desirability of using the services
Of the cx-khedive. but he abstaincd
at the warning of English authorities
whom he consulted for the record of
the Egyptian.
Nevertheless, in November. 1916. Cav
allini, sponsor for the cx-Khedive, made
his way into France and contrived &
meeting with Deputy Loustalot, the
member arrested with Cail]aux a few
days ago and accused similarly of
connivance with the enemy. Invcstiga-
tion has revealed that Loustalot pre-
sented Cavallini to Caillaux, the meet
ing taking place at the famous Restau-
rant Larue on the pretext Of a business
talk concerning the creation of a
Franco-ltalian bank. Several days later
Loustalot, accompanied by a lawyer
ramed Comfy, also recently arrested,
went to Switzerland and met Cavallin
at Lausanne. There the French Deputy
was granted an audience with Abbas
Him.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-20
How 70 Tell the Age Of Eggs

Il. It's there a way of finding oGt
whether an egg is fresh or not without
opening it?
There is a simple method OF ascer-
tanning the age Of eggs, based upon the
fact that the airy space at the broad
end Of the egg increases with its age
Now. when the egg is placed in a
tumbler Of water in which any amount
OF common salt is dissolved, it viii,
with increasing age, tend ever moro 10
assume a position with its longitudinal
axis III {. lcrpendicular direction. A
fresh laid egg viii lie horizontally on
the bottom of the vessel. An egg from
three to four days old will rise with its
broad end. so that It's longitudinal axis
forms with its horizontal axis an angle
Of 80 degrees. At the age Of eight days
the angle Increases to 45 degrees, at
the age of two weeks to go degrees, and
at The age Of three weeks to about rs
degrees. When the egg is more than u
month old it Will float perpendicuarly
on lie small end
New-York tribune., 1918-01-20
Why People Marry

A BACHELOR.-ln a discussion on
marriage, in the opinion held by one
anxious to enter into matrimony the
principal reason why people marry is
The laudable desire to preserve the
human family. which otherwise might
becomeextinct. Is this true?
People marry because 1T is not good
for man and also woman) 10 be alone. ."
and not for the reason adduced Bud
.hs said that there are four kinds Of
beings who fear when there is no
dagger:
Worms. that fear to cet too much.
lest they should exhaust the earth the
hlucjay, that hatchei its eggs with It's
.sct upward, that if the sky should
fall it might be ready to support it;
the curlew, that threatens with all gen
t.cnsss, lest it should snake the earth,
aud the man VINO seeks wife. lest his
,ace should become extinct.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-20
Nearly Has His Way
With the Commission

On December IA the commission Of
eleven had its first meeting In the
morning Clemcnceau appeared before
1t and left for it's consideration papers
taken from the folios of Foreign Al
falrs. These papers were French prop
erty but the Prime Minister added
there were other documents belonging
to foreign powers that could be sub
mlttcd only after the actual arrest Of
Ealllaux. He was probably referring
then to the Argentine kilograms and
the revelations they contain concerning
Calllaux's connection with Luxburg
and the underground channels Of com
munlcetion with Wihelmstrasse. In
the afternoon Loustalot was heard till
D O'CLOCK CaillauX WAS then called,
and he answered questions that centred
about his connection with the "Bonnet
Rouge" His hearing continued during
both sittngs Of the following day.
While the proceedings were kept secret
there were the inevitable leaks. which
revealed that Caillaux was getting away
with the commissioners and Indicating
more and more successfully that il
there was guilt he was not the man to
fasten 1T on. He almost succeeded in
satisfying those who heard him that
his relationship with Bolo and his kind
real. identity.
One comic element in the procedure
was the accusation against Caillaux
contained i'll the generals statement
that he approved an article by AL
mcrcyda entitled "Ah! Ces Anglais,"
l"Oh! Those Englishmen! and pub
llshed in the Bonnet Rouge" on Sep
tember "a, 1915. Dubail asserts that
this article contains q yelled denuncia-
tion of the English, and especially of
Lloyd George. Caillaux asked the COM
mlssloners to read the article in ques-
tlon. 1t was read and measured care
fully, and, no matter how turned. it
proved strong appreciation and praise
OF the English and their vigorous in
come tax as initiated by Lloyd George.
1t might be said here that one Of the
main reasons for Caillaux's unpopular.
lty with the moneyed classes in France
IS his attempt before the war to intro
duce a similar, though much weaker
tax. ! refrain from translating the ar
ticle here, much as I should like to.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-20
By Mrs. Lenora r. Ranus

"A NJ OST children have too many
VA toys; consequently they are
not stirred to make toys for
themselves, and their powers Of inven-
ton are retarded. There are two
classes of toys-uscful and useless.
Those are useful which answer the
needs Of child-lifc. A ball is most
useful toy, because it is about the first
a child can play with. All mothers
know how babe, as soon as it is Old
enough to use its hands, loves soft
bright-colored ball. From infancy
practically through the whole Of life
the bail plays an active part Tennia,.
golf. baseball, football--all sports of
later life centre around ball.
Next comes the building stage, with
blocks. A 10-cent box OF fAominocs is
excellent material for building and for
making tables, chairs. beds, and soldiers
in Il row
Then comes the initiative stage Of
toys. Every child, boy or girl, wants to
do as father or mother does A TO-
cent sweeper and 10-cent broom are
always a JOY to a child's heart and en-
able the little one to actually help
mother.
Doll Plays Important Part
The doll also plays an important part
in children's lives, for it answers the
instinct for nurture which is inborn in
children. Good, serviceable dolls, not
TOO many at once, are most useful.
Children also need sets of dishes with
which TO learn to set table and to pre-
tend to cook. and which they can also
learn TO wash and dry, again initiating
mother. Initiating father, children can
play with toys of construction sch as
sets of stone blocks and trains. auto
mobiles and other things that 60
Toys are useless which are easily
broken. such as expensive mechanical
toys. These are generally more inter
cstlng TO grown-ups than to children
Huge hobby horses, large dolls and too
many toys are useless also Every lit-
tie girl longs for big doll-which is
right and good-but for babies of two
years or younger such toys are not only
New-York tribune., 1918-01-20
lhe Steps That Led
10 Rumania S Downfall

~. ne famous editor Of the "Action
a,s sI,asa alse,' Leon Daudet, has in gen
'M terms indicated what may be
saaed the scaffolding of responsibility
m., m1 .he crusnlng Of plucky little Ru-
:ssNa' Documonts were abstracted
bs. s. Questionable motives from general
SS,,asaquarters Of Sarrail's army at
ss.Onlia. These documents tended to
SnJ" la"Is 'hat the French Oriental army
,0,1s ,@,hea every kind of equipment and
rna raia oNer no resistance 30 the Ger
oh.n;. 's's. These papers, Daudet says. were
so~a.hea sora IN devious ways by Nj. Malvy,
lvan,er liner Minister of Interior and Gail
,baA ,daAs eX-secretary Malvy handed
|em m on to his faithful Lemayrie. And
SSssnnayric handed chem on to Paix-
sssallies. And Paix- -Seailles handed
,ooa r'em on TO Almereyda. And Al
r.p repfsFda handed them on to Du-
erl. rn ana Duval handed them in Switz-
maaa '.a"a 10 Max, Of Mannheim. a Ger
d%Sih agent. And the German agent
Iihseied Ioirn them to Wilhelm. And Will
aanI vi germany sent them to Ferdi-
thu thu OF Bulgaria. And Ferdinand
MAJ. "lhisell upon Rumania. And Ru-
Alj;noa was gwen no protection by the
rhs against the German onslaught.
tbsr scafIold IS no more remarkable
lat;n@'c ehe series of connected reve-
treaai t,ons winch disclosed structure of
ana anndSehery leading to one of the highest
Or , must noted Of French statesmen
sio;T Te may follow the already classic
yar.s, .e ana call this whole business a
Of I.ao,e ,"''l, cascade Of treason,' a rush
rnr'a wa'uiodied water that gave ominous
swa,|u usss OF It's coming and that has
tbnep' irom ono clement to another in
prev poilVcal Lie Of the nation In
Of thtous .h' article | outlined the course
sour" us wave of treachery, finding its
ana "a 'he Bonnet Rouge" tragedy
c;ans h'Rg on over editors. politi-
Tho r.. ueputies, senators, members OF
jstas seuu'et, on to a former prime min
stew, VINO at present is engaged in
liL,.nlhg the tide in which he very
E'S VIII be engulfed.
mo- was Oh December 10, 1917, little
rs,e. usan month ago that Gle
lon~s =. present Prime Minister and
d;rsso 'ne political enemy of Caillaux,
tho bs.sea .. the blow that was to send
Tia, '.eaenerous structure rocking and
Dhsro" "Es 20 clear the patriotic al mos
hal; " france from taints that were
ai,"ss"s II intolerable. On that day,
wiz iong and serious delberation
Pa; niS colleagues, he informed the
dstu.h' dste,,''' o the republic that he had
eomai:'hsd TO call Caillaux and his ac-
s"sss W the public bar OF Parlia-
New-York tribune., 1918-01-20
Argentine Disclosure
urns the Balance

No details Of Caillauxs relation to
the Vatican were published. 1t NAV be
that evidence bearing on this impor-
tant aspect of propaganda viii never
come forth. At any rate, after Gle
menceau's injunction, the Commission
OF Eleven had nothing further to do
but to recommend to the Chamber on
December u that Caillaux and Lousta-
lot be deprived Of their parliamentary
immunity.
The findings, they said, were of a
nature to make it advisable for the ac-
cused themselves to have formal and
complete investigation. On December
20 this measure passed the Chamber,
and thereafter, every day, although
Caillaux remained at liberty till Jan
uary 10, he was at the disposal Of an
interrogatory court to which had been
assigned the duty of ascertaining the
nature of the charges against him.
whether military Or civil. The fact of
his arrest, recently cabed. indicates
that the new evidence against him or
his Intercourse with the enemy in Ar
gcntna may turn the balance in favor
is far preferable, for it will give less
opportunity for political conflict and,
basing itself upon established facts,
will take less time. Still, | add here
for careful consideration the remark
attributed to NJ. lgnace, Under Secrc-
tary Of Military Justice, to the effect
that, even if relationship with the en-,
envy can be proven against Cailaux,
his case would still remain for the Su-
preme Court, because the ma. a.ority Of
his guilt lies in political propaganda,
which is distinctly a civil, not Il mill
tary, offence. Further emphasis is lent
to the civil aspect of the Callaux trial
by a letter recently made public 1t is
a letter from BRAND to Caillaux, dated
February 5, 1917. In this communion
tion BRAND talks very clearly to the
Deputy and explains that the French
government has in its possession docu-
ments concerning his suspicious activ-
tiles in Italy. BRAND tells how, hav-
ing made a trip to Rome in January,
1917, he was astounded in his talks
with journalists and statesmen to real
ize how far propaganda directly trace
able to Caillaux had progressed. Tho
recent publication of the Buenos Ayres
kilograms shows that the Germans were
we'll aware of Cailaux's value to them,
but they do not inculpate him as an
active, treacherous factor in their en-
ploy. The new evidence has value
mainly as a moral testimony, more elo-
quent than any other. to the defeatisr
capacities Of CaillauX.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-20

the selection of one man from each of
it's eleven bureaus to constitute COM
mission, with power to call Callaux or
Clemenceau or any one else before 1t,
and to make recommendation at the end
of its inquiry as to whether the charges
formulated by General Dubal war
lsnted relieving the deputies named
Caillaux and Loustalot--of their parlia-
mentary immunity A sincere attempt
was made to pin this commission down
to its one duty as mentioned. Most Of
its members were already favorable
toward the plan Of having CaiIlaux face
court, so as to give him full oppor-
tunity of clearing himself if he could.
Care Taken to
Avert Prejudice
1t was realized by the members Of
the Chamber that tho procedure must
be very deliberate, since the life Of a
man was at stake. 1t was felt that the
blind fury of political enmity toward
"the best hated man in France" and
Ignorance and credulity Of the peo-
pie might eventually meet on the COM
mon ground of lust for mans blood.
The last three years Of war, with all
their blunders and disappointments,
ure, had aroused in the popular mind
the notion of treacherous force, Of an
implacable force, that was hindering
the nation in its righteous enterprise.
At any time the cry :'or a victim might
ARISE and would have to be met. Yet,
IN truth, reflection revealed the sad
tact that three years of undecisve war
fare could not be fastened upon one
mana man who had not been in power
and who had practically no voice in the
control Of affairs.
Caillaux's simple plea to the COM
mlttce OF eleven was that it proceed
carefully and take count of the very
complete explanations he had to offer.
and which he would back up by the
most decisive documents.
at this juncture BRAND, the leading
spirit of the seventh bureau Of the
Chamber, declared for the guidance of
the commission that it was not in it's
province to pass upon Caillaux's guilt
or its nature. 1t would become clear in
the course of the procedure whether he
was intimately concerned in the vast
Bolo and Almereyda schemes to Weaken
the morale Of France or whether he
! was guilty only of propaganda in Italy.
In the first case he would have to
stand trial in a military court; in the
second, before the Supreme Court of
the land.
The commission was to limit itself
purely to q decision whether the in
| formation against Caiilaux warranted
placing him on trial. If it did, then
the Chamber would first deprive the
Deputy Of his immunity. He would
then pass before iuge d'instruction
or lnterrogatory court with power to
decide whether his case was military
or civil
New-York tribune., 1918-01-20
It May Be Hard
To Prove Treason

Such questiorS as these France must
answer concerning ex-Premier Calllaux.
In his case there are many complcat-
ing circumstances. but specifically the
problem is to decide whether he is
guilty of treason, and if he is, whether
it is treason in military or in a po-
litieal sense. Caillaux has been recog-
nized as pro-German in policy, and he
has expressed his belief that the natu-
nl rival Of France is England, not Ger
many. That he is guilty of relationship
Eth the esemy there can be no doubt,
.hough it may be extremely hard to
prove crime against one of the most
plausible and brilliant OF French
statesmen.
The incxhaustible files Of our State
Department. contain documentary proof
Of CaillauN's connection with an agent
Of the Germans. If this fact can be
dearly presented as evidence to the
French nation. SO that there will be 10
possible division of opinion as to a
real act Of treachery perpetrated by
Caillaux. then his fate is sealed. His
crime will then be of the military sort;
he will have to face court martial,
and the quick justice dealt out in
armies needs no comment
II, however, Clemenceau's handling
Of the whole embroiled situation weak
ems In some particular, so that the host
OF Calllaux supporters should find an
opportunity to appeal to an uncon-
ylneed public, then Clemenceau might
iail and the reaction might bring about
IN France 3 catastrophe that would ul-
'imately affect the Allies. 1t is i'm
Portant, then. at the present moment
mat all OF us at war with Germany un-
oefstand the critical facts before us
careful study of the situation will
.esd to the belief that in the arrest of
,ali'alx al the French have won for the
allies great victory against one of
me most dangerous weapons Of Ger
man dominion, the weapon Of insidious
4na contamnatiDg propaganda
New-York tribune., 1918-01-20

of Joseph Renouard his wife's maiden
name. There he met Cavallini fire.
Guently and had conspicuous contact
also with people who were of known
neutralist opinion, if indeed they were
not actively pro-Germnn. OF these
people. three have already been ar
rested as accompliccs of Cavallini.
Daring examination CaillauX made ex-
PLANTATION of the use of his wife's
name. lie stated that she was in italy
for her health, and that he wished to
travel incognito so as not to impose
upon her the social burden that their
real identity. if known, would involve.
1t is the belief Of the French authori-
ties to-day that this trip of Cailaux
was the most important step taken
IN Germany's propaganda scheme 20
disrupt the Allies.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-20
Bv Harry kurz, Ph. D.

rppOSE an honored ex-President
Of the United States had during
~ his Presidential incumbency pur-
.ssd a policy OF special friendliness
md rapproehement with Japan. Sap
.,<e we end our allies were at present
.oraged in war with Japan. Finally,
.rnnose that instead Of agreeing with
ar alignment by the side of othe,
.,we,s against Japan this ex-President
-sd, every effort 70 disarrange our
resent international agreements. and
,rer manned the eventual overthrow of
.bose now in control and the rcsump-
.on Of his former political exchanges
With cur enemy.
Let be assumed that the ex-Presi-
3est is sincere lover OF his land and
.sa. was, he does is done because he
kinks it best for her welfare. The
ouss,ion is, Is he a traitor to his
country?
II he considers that japanese meth.
eds CT Development and industry are
suuerior in efficiency and that alliance
with such 3 country is more desirable
than with any other. is he guilty Of
treason if he asserts his views during
heyery time when we are at war with
Japan?
Is It possible TO make distinction
between disagreement with the al
Nsnces of q nation engaged in war
md direct treason attempted against
he life and welfare of the nation?
Is it treason to advocate in war time
policy which is r"pugnant to ma
ton ana sgainst WI it is allied with
eher nations
New-York tribune., 1918-01-20
Sowing Discord
In Italian Ranks

In Italy, Caillaux's conduct is open
to the severest criticism, if, indeed, it
does nor technically justify the charge
OF treason. In certain circles where
he had natural entrce and which lay,
OF course. an the political heart of the
country, his conversation left the most
PAINFUL impression Of doubt concerning
the part of France in this war He in
dicatcd that Il c BRAND Cabinet was
tottering, that the natural reaction
would carry Clemcnceau into power for
the purpose of redoubing French ef-
forts IN the war so as to end it sooner,
but that France, already exhausted,
could not maintain an active role be-
yond the spring of 1917 BY that time
he would be ready to take control and
arrange for peace with Germany. He
averred that German terms would be
reasonable and that Italy would do we'll
III her turn to prepare for separate
peace. The expenses of the war were
TO be carved out of Russia and the
Balkans. Serbia and Rumana were to
disappear from the map. Too bad, but
necessary. These circumstances would
then lead to a new alignment of the
powers, the more natural one according
to Caillaux, namely, France, Germany.
Italy and Spain against England and
Russia, the true enemies Of France.
When Caillaux first began TO circu-
late these remarks, they overwhelmed
those who heard him. Gradually they
Noatcd upon all ears. The French Am
bassador at Rome, NJ. Camille Barrere,
deemed it necessary to make q special
report Of these events to Paris. The
military attache tracked Caillaux and
gathered up remnants of treacherous
propaganda which the cX-Premier
seemed to distribute with affected dar-
ing. Italian authorities even consid..
cred for moment the advisability of
asking CallauX to leave the country.
The English and Russian embassies
notified their own countries OF these
matters. CaillauXs talk redoubled in
assurance when he found himself in
any gathering of military notables. He
left behind him the real fear that
France was on the verge of entering
into negotiations for a separate peace,
once those at that time in control
could be disposed of by the popular
voice. His rank among the Socialists
Of France gave him peculiar authority
aside from his governmental prcmi-
nencc. Let me quote from the report
Of the military attache on CalllauX
propaganda:
'The feeling caused by his talk leads to the
general fear that France may conclude
separate pence, and in the comments 1 get
about me ! deduce not only pessimism pc
cause of exhaustion in the material resources
and in the morale of France. but. IN addi-
ton. in the atmosphere created by Caillauxs
talk many people come to fear break in the
will and honest dealing of France.