The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1918-11-22

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than two months cut the eneny's lines
OF communication from Metz and
Threatened the capture Of all bis
forces left In France.
when Russla's vast man-pOwer
gets Into action Germany win be
crushed as under n steam roller" said
everyone In 1914, and for time this
prediction bade fair 10 be realized.
The Russians invaded East Prussia
and were making fine progress there
and In Poland. which was kept MP.
with some reverses, until enrly In
1915, when Won Hlndenburg admins
tered TO them succession Of terrific
defeats. These were not due 50 much
To the military supremacy Of the Ger
mans as 10 the shameful betrayal Of
the Russian armies by corrupt officials
who left them almost destitute OF
arms and supplies. From that time
on RusSia's main successes were won
against the AuStrians and were tenn
| pOrnry. Decentralization steadily
spread through the ears @0mlnlon,
fostered by German agents and the
outcome was the deposition Df Nlch-
olas and his dynasty aud the estab-
! lishment of confused semblance of
government by the sCvlets Of the sol
diers, workers and peusants-a c0ndi-
tion that remains 10 be cleared up,
though the power OF the bolsheviki II
rapidly winning.
Italy. once Defeated, Triumphs.
Italy. declaring that the terms OF
the Triple Alliance had been violated
| by Austria, entered the war On the
side nf the allies on May %, 1913.
Turkey had gone In with Germany be-
fore the war was three months old,
and Bulgaria cast her lot with the
TCui0ns In October 1913. The for
tunes of the Italians were spectacular.
They won over the Austrlans for
long time and invaded the regions OF
Italia Irridenta along the Adriatic,
threatening Trieste. Then subtle
TPulOn propaganda, coupled with de-
featist work M home, brought disaster
on them. Helped by German divisions
the Austrians made a tremendous
drive and forced the Italians back To
the Piave river line. There the con-
test stood for many months, until the
middle of June, 1918. when under Gen
eral DiaZ the Italians not only stop
ped another offensive, but turned ii
into n great defeat and rout which
eliminated in the surrender of Aus
tria. This was FASTENED by the fall
ing to pieces Of the AuStrO-Hungarian
empire, the states of which were es-
tabllshing th0ir independence, follow
ing the lead Of the CZechO-SlOvakS.
Turkey, with the aid Of Germans,
administered to Great Britain two set
backs that were rather humiliatlng.
The first was at the DardanelleS,
which the British tried to force, first
with navy alone, then with land and
sen forces. Both attempts were dlsas-
trouS failures. The other defeat by
the Turks was in MeSopotumia. where
General Townshend and his army
were captured at Kut-el-Amara. Both
these revcrSes were more than COM
pensated for by the later conquest of
MeSOpOtamia and the Holy Land and
the consequent surrender of Turkey.
As for Bulgaria, she was beaten
largely by the regenerated Serbian
army, which had great assistance from
rhe French, Greeks and British. Ser
bia had been wholly overrun in the
first few months of the war, but her
spirit never died out and in the late
summer of 1918 she not only regained
her own. bu; forced Bulgaria TO her
knees.
Roumania kept out Of the conflict
for some time and then Joined the al
lies, though they would have prefer
red that she remain neutral. She In
vaded Transylvania and at first
threatened to give Austria II great
deal of trouble, but Germany came to
it's ally's aid, Russia collapsed and
ROumania was forced TO give up.
Warfare in the Air.
The most picturesque side OF the
great conflict has been the war in the
air. 1t was quickly seen that the air
plane would play big part in the
war, and every belligerent nation soon
had powerful air fleets. The machines
were enlarged and improved beyond
all imagining, and from mere obSer-
walton planes became fighting and
bombing machines of vast Importance.
Except for observation purposes, the |
lighter than air craft were utilized
only by Germany. She pinned her
faith To the great dirlgible Zeppelins, |
but these on the whole proved a dis |
NAL failure True to her savage pol |
icy, Germany waged unrestricted war |
from the air as ON land and sea. Her |
Zeppelins and planes repeatedly at |
tackled London, Paris and innumerable |
other unfOrtified cities and towns, and |
her airmen made a practice of bomb
ing Red Cross hospitals.
Long before the war closed the |
allies had established their supremacy |
in the air, and equal to the best of |
their flyers were the gallant Ameri
cans who entered that branch Of the
service.
Another novelty of the war was the
tank, This machine based on an
American invention and first develop
ed by the British, came as a complete
surprise to the Germans and they fed
in terror from it's bristling guns and
its crushing weight. They tried max