davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1918-01-27

eastern markets in anticipation Of
rise in prices.
Housewives are just now greatly
affected by this particular condition.
Eggs have gone up to IS and SO cents
a dozen for fresh eggs and so to 55
for cold storage. This rise, which was
predicted by the weather bureau. came
just at the holidays and housekeepers
were wise who laid in a small supply
before.
The weather forecasts and warnings
not only affect the American troops
abroad, but the hungry people of
France. Belgium and other countries
suffering from shortage Of foodstuffs.
DR.. Marvin spoke of forecasts of storms
and hurricanes. issued for the benefit
of marine interests, as perhaps the
most important and valuable at this
time, and at all times Of great Pc
cuniary value. He said: storm warn
points along the Atlantic. Pacific and
gulf coasts. including every port and
harbor Of any considerable Importance.
and SO nearly perfect has this service
become that scarcely a storm OF
marked danger to maritime interests
has occurred for years for which ann
pie warnings have not been issued
from twelve to twenty-four hours In
advance. The reports from the West
Indies are especially valuable in this
connection. They enable the bureau to
proach OF destructive hurricanes which,
during the period Of July to October.
are liable to sweep the gulf and At
1antfc coasts. The sailings Of the i'm
mense number of vessels engaged in
our ocean and lake traffic are largely
Evening star., 1918-01-27

which the weather plays a part that 1t
is not benefited by the services OF the
weather bureau.
Several years ago, when the bureau
was to have a new chief. the name OF
Charles F. Marvin was one of the four
emy of Science to President Wilson as
eminently fitted for the work. DR..
Marvin, familiar with every detail of
the weather service at the bureau. and
well known to scientists in this country
and abroad, received the appointment
Hh Is the designer Of the kite meteor
ograph. which records wind velocity.
and humidity continuously while being
carried aloft by the kite. This tnstru-
ment is of the greatest value In avia-
tion and aeronautics.
Mountain climbers in the ROCKY
mountains, White mountains and the
with shielded snow gauges. Ihese
were also designed by DR.. Marvin, for
use In mountainous and other windy
regions and to increase the accuracy OF
the catch OF snow by controlling wtnd
eddies about the gauge. The shielded
snow gauges may be exposed in remote
regions and visited at long intervals.
matte record of rainfall for long Pc
riods without attention, owing to the
shields designed to control wind eddies
about the gauge, is another service
science owes to DR.. Marvin.
The bureau boasts of a flag with sew
number of men given to the two
branches Of the country's service. Dr..
Marvin spoke with pride OF Mai. Blair.
Maj. Bowie. Capt. Thiessen and Lieut..
Weightman, who are doing good work
with the Army in France. These me-
Evening star., 1918-01-27

determined by these warnings. and
those displayed for a single hurricane
are known to have detained in port on
our Atlantic coast vessels valued with
their cargoes at over $50 100000
DIR. Marvin was not referring to the
cold wave of a few weeks ago, but re-
marked that the warning issued for a
single cold wave Of exceptional severity
and extent resulted in saving over
S3,5o0,o00 through the protection Of
property from injury or destruction.
Thousands of dollars are saved to
fruit growers by the system Of heat
ing groves and orchards devised by the
weather bureau. This system consists
of placing at intervals throughout the
orchards burning pots OF oil which
temper the atmosphere sufficiently to
prevent frost blighting the fruit.
With notice Of an approaching cold
wave. greenhouses are closed and
boilers fired. charity organizations pre-
pare to meet increased demands for
food and fuel and in this way minimize
the suffering caused to the poor. This
is perhaps the most beautiful service
Of the weather man to humanity. While
he has no power to control the ele-
ments, he can give warning Of what to
expect and lessen the suffering of man
kind.
Warnings Of heavy SHOWS have been
valuable to railroads during the winter
by enabling them to organize their
snow-hghting equipment and in as far
as possible reduce the tonnage of their
freight and passenger trains. II con-
sidered necessary. On the big western
Evening star., 1918-01-27

have to meet this standard In order to
obtain a foothold In the market.
When hostilities began some Of the
first measures taken by the British
government related directly. and some
Indirectly. to the coal supply. In tax
ing over the operation of the railways
the day after war was begun it solved
one problem almost before 1t could be-
come a problem. Controlling and oper-
ating the transportation lines from the
very first orderly processes obtained in
providing fuel for these lines.
On the same level was supplying the
warships. The British admiralty never
took a chance on that point. The navy
never for an hour has been without am
pie coal at convenient bases
The importance of keeping a steady
supply for industry was not SO clearly
foreseen, probably because the extent
to which the industry of making NUM-
tions would have to be developed was
not foreseen. but as the tremendous
Evening star., 1918-01-27

shook himself loose. A man whispered
IN my ear: Hes the party who steered
young fellows to run drafts on a Mis-
sissippi bank through Lloyds'. which
were protested"
No one said another word. Just like
that.
Two times in single hour, in uni
form!
The soldiers who remained bought
egg-flips.
After all. strictly fresh egg costs
II cents in Paris,
Coal. to heat the bar. Is $50 per ton.
sugar. limited, is priceless.
Port wine. even. is dearer than
champagne-so much is used, in trifiing
quantities. for these mixed drinks Yer
mouth is the other chief ingredient. 1t
Is not strong. At the c. bar you
must bring your own gin. Whisky is
non-existent. Champagne cocktails and
alleged martins are almost harmless.
Real Manhattans are found only in
smart restaurants and bars that take
risks.
NO" said a cool-headed soldier led,
1.-The bars don't hurt us but just 40
cents per. Eggs are healthy. feel
safe and cozy right here"
I tell what see and hear, without
prejudice.
Around tho provesrs ONCE SAmer.caa
Evening star., 1918-01-27
Adventures of American Soldiers With Paris Bunko Artist"

what proceeded was a line of bluff so
blatant and presumpttous that all doubt
was swept away. The party had. evil
IDENTIFY. not known Paris a little before
the war, but he knew what he knew,
and 1t was enough. Three confiding
rockies hung suspended on his lips. He
got them out Of there neatly.
Out into the streets of Paris!
And he was in uniform.
A Paris bunk could mako ludicrous
mistakes about the uniforms: but they
say that dog don't eat dog. The Red
Cross uniform is all over the shop and
1t requires an expert in Paris to detect
it. The uniform of the Y. NJ C. A.
equally crowds the promenades. And
men discharged from both as undesir-
ables. and men who have slipped out,
continue to wear the uniform irrespon-
sibly. Add hundreds Of former volunteer
ambulance men. who did good work in
their day. but perhaps have grown
stale-who keep the uniform and hang
Evening star., 1918-01-27

through measures prohibiting exports
Of coal to other than British possess
sions and allied countries. These meas
ures, however, were modified so that
shipments could be made under license
to neutral countries. The conditions of
these shipments were such that the
government always was able to keep
control of the output of coal and to d.
vert 1t to the channels in which 1t
would be Of most service. The war in
dustries board Of the United States in
the main has followed the British
measures.
During the first two years Of the
war coal mines in the United States
got an entry into South American mar
kets through the British shortage.
Previously Brazil and Argentina had
obtained virtually all their coal from
Great Britain. American shippers took
advantage Of the falling of in British
shipments and sent large quantities
Evening star., 1918-01-27

F1HE United States weather bu-
III reau Is undoubtedly . strong
factor in helping to win the
x war and down Prussianisn. but
1t takes some little courage. even for
the most patriotic citizen. to make
journey to the bureau on q cold day
and get rid of the conviction In his
mind that the big red building with
beacon against tho wintry clouds. is
not the author Of all his misery.
However, once inside the building
the balmy air and the graceful palms
in tho glass-covered courtway open
up ones breadth of view and the
cookies OF the heart thaw out as ono
listens to tho great help the bureau Is
giving by tipping OF the soldiers when
It Is a good time for a gas attack. how
to drop the big projectiles more &C.
curatsly into the German trenches or
by giving warning that 1t Is time for the
shippers on the great lakes and the chain
Of railway transportation throughout the
country to hold the vessels or run the
cars into a roundhouse, so that the
perishable food will not suffer and
the materials for munitions not be
subject to the weather.
If everything done at the weather
bureau were not SO mathematical In its
exactness 1t would sound like tale
from ''The Arabian Nights to listen
to the chief of the bureau tell how
forecasters and other scientists have
devised ways and means for heating
an orchard or big orange grove to a
temperature similar to that in q city
apartment in normal times; how they
are making 1t possible to more ade-
ouately provision the military and civil
population. get munitions to the troops
abroad. assist the Medical Corps Of the
Army and Navy to forestall weather
conditions which would affect the sick
and wounded. and to help the cattle
raisers. farmers and truck gardeners
to protect their stock and crops. In
short. there Is scarcely calling In
Evening star., 1918-01-27

provision. England also has one very
great advantage as a coal-producing
country. This is its smallness. geo
graphically speaking. The coal fields
did not the island itself is not big
enough to require long hauls.
The English ore fields also lie close
to the coal fields. That Is one reason
for the development Of the British iron
and steel industry. What is known
as the Middleborough district on the
North sea Is close to the great Durham
coal deposits, and marlborough pro-
duces large quantities OF iron ore.
-contiguity Of iron ore and coal to
the seacoast also encourages ship
bfilding. That is why Newcastle is a
great shipbuilding center. It Is also
why Liverpool and Glasgow and Bel
fast have great shipbuilding yards The
coal and iron ore are near enough
together. and when fabricated into steel
are close enough for tho easy supply
Of shipbuildins plants.
Great Britain. Notwithstanding its
heavy consumption Of coal for indus
trial purposes. has had a large surplus
for export, and the export trade In coal
has been one Of the factors in the for
eign trade Of the United Kingdom. The
exports have been not only to coal
consuming countries, but also to the
various ocean coaling stations. Bunk
ering ships, therefore, has been and
still 10 a very profitable source Of in
come to the British coal mines.
The larger portion Of the British coal
exported Is from Wales. Cardiff coal
ssfs. the standard. and other countries
UAac6 Aavs coal to ship abroad usually
Evening star., 1918-01-27

"At night. If no policeman was in
sight" another added. they baked at
taking an American uniform without
least double their legal fare. Now we
tip like Frenchmen, and beat the night
hold-up by jumping in. anyhow"
A new voice rose.
I listened instinctively.
Protect yourselfi I'll show your!
the superior tones said. "One time,
Jack A., George l. and myself
were at a Montmartre cabaret. You
know. Il, son of the president OF
the Il Arms Company"
Followed a story. to the teller's ad-
vantage.
We'll, it's time to tottle, If you want
that dinner, and we're going to the Fol-
lies. Nav. we don't want seats. Wen
prowl the promenoir."
The barkeeper frowned ugly as he led
out two lads with money A girl fur
lively twitched at the coat of one. He
Evening star., 1918-01-27

to Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires.
1t is doubtful, though. whether the
British mineowners looked on this as
a permanent loss of market. They
were making sacrifice for the benefit
Of the government. and they knew that
when the time came 1t would help them
regain what had been temporarily lost.
They also co-operated with the gov
ernment in using the coal as a means
of obtaining grain from Argentina.
r.
In relation to the allies, the British
government was concerned chiefly in
aiding France. That country, even
in peace times. has a deficiency Of
coal for industrial purposes. The out
put is 100000 to 100000 tons. to
serve the needs of 35,oo0.0o0 people.
Germany. in the French territory oc-
cupied by it's armies, obtained control
of large part of the iron ore fields
and also part of the coal fields. This
left France without coal for many in
dustries that had hourished in peace
and with a greater need of coal for
munitions and for the transportation
lines. as we'll as for the navy. England
has done It's best to meet this de-
ficiency. usually at the expense of neu-
tral customers.
Tho British public has suffered some
Inconvenience over the coal situation.
and, Of course. has growled. The
growing. however. has not been ILL
natured. 1t has satisfied itself in the
usual way. by means of a parlia-
mentary commission or committee of
inquiry.
This committee was appointed in
1915. with the special function of in
curing into the increase In the retail
price OF coal. The substance Of It's re-
port was that the retail price Of coal
Evening star., 1918-01-27

shipments Of vegetables, fruits eggs
and other poducts liable to damage
from extremes Of temperature. On the
other hand, most meats are best
shipped In cold weather, although the
use of refrigerator cars prevents loss.
and the shipment of live hogs and
cattle by freight Is avoided. II possible,
when a hot wave is expected" In the
recent shortage in meats of all kinds
In the District of Columbia and other
eastern cities, the cause, especially in
pork products. was attributed to the
wholesale loss of hogs shipped from
Cincinnati. They were exposed on the
railway sidings to the intense cold.
The congested conditions in transpor-
tation made 1t impossible to protect
live stock. This was a case where the
weather man was powerless to aid in
the distribution Of food.
+
The daily forecasts and the reports
of general weather conditions likewise
assist in determining the points to
which many shipments of perishable
articles are directed, in order to meet
the irregular demands that are fre-
quently dependent upon the kind Of
weather that prevails in given sec
tion. The movement of eggs kept in
storage, for instance. is largely regu-
lated by temperature changes, the an
nouncement Of a cold wave being US
ually followed by brisker shipments
from western supply districts to the
Evening star., 1918-01-27

teorologists give Information Of value
to the artillery in the training OF
heavy projectiles, barrage fire and the
throwing of hand grenades. They make
forecasts of local weather conditions
and changes, such as temperature, pres
sure (reduced to sea leveD. precipita-
tion, direction of wind. state of weather.
current wind velocity, clouds and ma1i-
mum or minimum temperature since last
observation.
From these data" DR.. Marvin ex-
planned, "the forecaster, by comparison
with proceeding reports. Is able to trace
the paths of storm areas from the time
of their appearance to the moment of
observation and approximately deter
mine and forecast their subsequent
courses and the attendant weather con-
ditions. If the weather man says the
wind will be blowing from the enemy's
lines. a gas attack would doubtless be
expected and every preparation made
to meet it.
IF air raids are to be made, the fore
caster has means Of gaining informa-
tion for the aviator which will enable
him to better combat the forces of the
air. Forecasts of bad weather, wheth-
er resulting from low temperature.
heavy rains, heavy SHOWS or combi-
nation of these, are given as warn
the commanding officers may kno"
what to prepare for. And in locating
the cantonments data were given the
War Department showing the desira-
bility of prospective localities, climatic
conditions likely to be encountered ana
Evening star., 1918-01-27
Retribution.

ID D. COOPER. president of the Dairy
GNs mems League. said at a banquet
in New York:
Farmers should marry. A bachelor
farmer is a solecism. No farmer,
though, should marry a wife as he buys
a tractor-for the work he can get out
of her"
Mr.. Cooper smiled.
The farmer who marries.' he ended.
thinking he can do nothing without .
he can do nothing with herr
Evening star., 1918-01-27

a. LII the warning nations have
M their coal troubles. Likewise.
~ all of them have had to and
0-.S their own solution. Few have
had to solve problems similar to those
In the United States, yet some sug-
gestions may be had from the measures
taken by them.
England offers some points OF SINH
lafity rs a coal-producing country. and
many points OF dissimilarity as q COAL
consuming country. The normal coal
output of the United Kingdom in peace
times was approximately 275. .0o0. 900 tons.
AZ against more than 5oo. 100000 tons In
the United States. But England had
fewer than $4,000 600 people to serve. as
against more than los, ,o00. 900 people for
whom the United States must make
Evening star., 1918-01-27

"A VIE" OF LONDON BRIDGE.
significance of the munitions plants
dawned on the British government the
significance of the coal supply also was
seen.
Il X
Supplying the munitions plants was
made the subject of special study. 1t
Is not of record that during the last
three years there has been any failure
to keep the munitions plants going
through lack of coal supply. There were
difficulties in keeping up to the out
put to the peace output, and these have
not been fully overcome. but the short
age was felt by neutrals rather than
by British industry.
One Of the gravest problems that the
earlier war ministry had to meet was
tho attitude of the miners unions. A
great strike was threatened. At first
there was much public indignation, and
the mine laborers were charged with
lack Of patriotism. The cool head of
miners complained that the mine own
ers were making enormous profits, and
that the increase in wages had not
been sufficient to Offset the increase in
the cost Of living. Investigation showed
that there was more Justice in this
complaint than had appeared. The
trouble was adjusted. and since then.
while there has been agitation, there
has been no menace Of a general strike
in the mines.
Virtually. the coal mines were ma
tionalized by what was known as the
coal and metalliferous mines act of
parliament, and by subsequent legisla-
ton and orders In council Control Of
the coal supply was maintained
Evening star., 1918-01-27

In London, while Goals are expensive.
tho business man Is not inconvenienced
as Is the New York business man. or
would not be so inconvenienced II his
heat were shut of for day. There are
no skyscrapers and in most Of the busi-
ness houses no steam heat. Conse-
quently, IL the government required
that no coal should be burned on a
given day the London business man
would come down to work in his over
coat, and perhaps In his top hat, and
look at the empty CRATE with the phi
losOphy which the Englishman always
shows when he has to meet situation
which disagreeably affects his personal
comfort
the way of heat during winter than in
London. The hotels which cater to tour
lists are steamheated, but there are still
scores of excellent ones which are not.
more on stoves than on CRATES, but be
can get through the winter with a small
coal bill and not feel that he has been
seriously inconveninced.
Coal in Paris brings $50 a ton, and
that is a potent reason why not much of
1t is used this winter. Even II the price
were not prohibitive the government reg
ulations are very stringent. They are
cheerfully obeyed, because the Frenchman
is accustomed to obeying the government,
and also because at this time he knows the
sacrifices which the war demands.
In Germany, as a matter Of course, the
use of coal Is ''verboten." or forbidden,
except under such conditions as the gov
ernment minutely prescribes, and those
conditions are far more severe than either
in England or France or the United States
1t is also known that the coal problem Is
today one Of Germany's biggest problems
in keeping up the war. She has the coal
in the mines. but so much Of her mine
labor has been forced into the army that
the output is very short. Even when mined,
the transportation system is inadequate for
the shipment Of the coal. A fuel famine, as
much as a food famine, is one of the
elements of Germany's military weakness
Reviewing the field as a whole, 1t will
United States. while unique in some Of its
aspects. is the problem in other warning
nations as we'll. c. M P.
Evening star., 1918-01-27
All Of the Warning Nations Have Serious Coal Troubles

had gone up because everything else
had gone up. In other words, war
prices for coal prevailed. The com,
mittee further explained the increased
consumption for industrial purposes
and the decreased supply due to the
number Of miners. who. through army
service, we're withdrawn from their
activities as coal producers.
The British problem as to domestic
coal is not SO serious as in the United
States, for several very plain reasons.
One Is the relatively small consump-
tion. The climate Is milder than IN the
temperate regions Of the United states
and the British householder Is USED 70
discomfort during the cold season. II
is only in recent years that London
hotels have had steam heat micro
scopic crate with a shovelful OF coal,
or Goals, as the Britisher calls them,
has been looked upon as sufficient COM
fort The same condition applies In pri-
yate homes of high as we'll as of low
degree.
British tradition and British con-
servatism both have been against too
much comfort in the way of heat In
winter time. Americans, temporarily
occupying houses in England. who have
tried to introduce base burners. have
been looked upon as reckless 1nnoVa-
tors. Consequently. while the British
householder has complained that the
increased cost Of Goals has made 1t nee
essary for him to go without fires, he
has not thought of upsetting the gov
ernment on account OF its coal meas
ureS.
The Washington herald., 1918-01-12
HAVANA RESULTS.

FIRST RACE Claiming; 5ysar-olds: five and
half furloEGs- Orestes. 10 tHumphriesl. to
). TO 5, cut, won; ClOnskilty, l03 (Murphyl
even. 10 ). out, second; lockwood. lO4 tBalD.
to ]. 8 to l, to 5, third. Time, 1oe IS.
Loxon. Fronella, Tom Tit. Tommie Tee and
SECOND RACE-Claiming; 3year-oIds; five
end a half frlOngs. Detour. lO6 Howard.
to ). to 10. TO ,. won; None Such, 1O6 u.
Pitz), to l. 5 to .. to 5. seeond San Jon.
l4 BAN. to 2. sFen. to 2. thirdN Time,
10 Is kindle. DonnPr Captain Ben, Scrim-
mage, Proctor. Wizard. Conan and Unity also
THIRD RACE Three -year-olds and upward
six furlongs- Blanchita. Ill Howard. 70 S,
to ). l to O. won; Lenshen's Pride, los tCum-
ming. 10 to /, to l. 2 TO l, second; Regular,
l0e tGarganl. to l. to l. even. thiyd. Time.
ll6 Is. Eastern Princess, LohengTin, World
Wonder and Bulgar also ran.
FOURTH RACE-Four-year-olds and upward
six furi0ngs. Nagabond, 100 (Wingheldl. 70 S.
to 10. l to :, won; No Trmps. l0l Guns-
ford), to 2. to 5. to 5. second; Golden
Chance, lO4 CHmphriesl 3 to l. 6 to 5, tn 5.
thfrd. Time 1:ls. Rock Of Luzerne. Jason,
Amaz0nian. Napper Tandy, DR.. Prsther and Sol
Mintz also ran
FIFTH RACE-Three-y year-oIds and upward
five and half furIOngS. Zail lo4 (WngheId).
to ], to ), to 5. won; Sybil. 9s tLunsford).
even. to 5, out. second; Captain MarchmOnt.
lO6 tHoward). 10 TO /, 4 to /. TO !, third.
Time. GO Is. Blue Racer. Biddy. Belle G.,
Fuzzy Wuzzy and Brizz also ran.
SIXTH RACE-Four-year-old and upward
one mile and ffty yards. Jack Hanover los
tHumphries), s to !, 5 to 9. to 5, won; Cleek.
los u. G. Pitz), Is to l. 6 to !, 5 to l, second
Lady Matchmaker, log Lunsfordl, 6 to l. ; &c
2 to 5. third. Time l4s Elizabeth Me.
Naughton, Hattie Burton. Thomas Hare. Mar
garet L., Hedge Rose, Col Marchmont and
Ameda Lawrence also ran.