Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-08-18
MANY POULTRY TERMS
EXPLAINED BY EXPERT
Difference Between Glass, Breed,
Variety, Strain and Typo
Is Shown.
LAWS OF MATINGs DESCRIBED
Maintain Blood Lines Without the
Evils Of Indiscriminatc InbreedinS.
How Outbreeding Is Carried On t.
Preserve Standard Of Variety.
BIZ n. ARMSTRONG ROBERTS.


trades or professions if you like--poul-
try raising has phraseology which is
peculiar to itself, the terms OF which
are sometimes confusing TO tho mex
perienced mind. The aim OF this article
will be to explain and define those
terms as they are commonly used.
According 10 Darwin and other Scien-
fists, all kinds OF caickcns were the
offspring OF a common ancestor. the
differences having been brought about
by certain conditions o: domeStication.
selection and feeling. y junsls fowl
known as Gallus bankiva. which is
still found in India. the Philippines and
other tropical countries, is thought 10
be the probable ancestor. !; resembles
the game bird and weighs about three
and q ha,t pounds.
To-day We have upward Of lo4 stan
d1rd varieties and a large number OF
roastandard varieties OF chickens, most
OF them totally different from the
jungle fowl IN co!o.. shape. weigh; and
habits.
standard s.esds a-e those which have
eesn officially recognized BY ihe Areri-
csa Poultry Association. therefore
Classified IL lie American Standard OF
Fs-tee;!oa- = eook published by ;hls
1sscc:a;ez. revised and brought down
70 cate eve.S ave years Il describes
i ts;sl tie qualifications o: eSch bird.
sa5 s ,he ca:cial guide ~ which fowls
s-s judged. /; $ :Ae hiEhes;. il tac;
;.e oaiy, authority OF poultry - ;his
County, JUS: as the American Neans.
ClGe s ne authority on Goss. No
csar!.. should ee without copy o:
,c;s illuminating wo-k. Even Cor COM
1t.cysi purposes !; NH os .ound .s7y
hciptul. because The co-unie!cia! hen is
row bred along recognized !i1es
The term standard bred" means that
the fowls have been mated il. accord
ance with tie standard description. or
authorized conception, Q. the breed
which they represent. The term cor
responds TO the phrase pure bred or
Registered stock" as applied 10 other
farm animals-horSes, cattle and swine.
Unlike other farm animals. however,
whose pedigree Tor generations is a
matter OF official record. there is no
official registration OF poultry. although
many fanciers keep private records and
are glad to show them to their Gus
toners.
Therefore. the American standard OF
perfection must not be misunderstood
as a register. In reality 1t is nothing
more than a collection OF descriptions
OF breed Standards" each represent
ing an ideal. determined by the mem
bers of the American Poultry Associa-
ton.
lRerc at ABOUT lOTly OF tncSc pTccu
standards" which arc divided into
varieties according 10 color, and some
OF these color varieties are again d.
vided according 10 comb.
For instance, there is one breed OF
Plymouth Rocks, and six color varic-
ties; Barred, white. bun. silver
pcnciled, partridge and Columbian. All
have single combs. There is one breed
OF Wyandottes, and eight color varic-
ties: silver, golden. white, buff. black.
partridge, silver-penciled and Column
bian. All have rose combs. Rhode
Island Reds are of the one color, hut
they are divided into two varieties:
single comb and rose comb. Recently
breed OF Rhode Island whites has been
created. Leghorns are bred in five
colors: white. black, brown. bun and
silver. and these in turn arc divided
into single and rose comb varieties.
a few breeds are of one-color variety
and one-c comb variety. such as the black
Spanish and blue Andalusians
METHODS USED IN
CLASSIFYING DIVISIONS
There are several ways Of classify
ing the breeds. The American Standard
OF Perfection divides chickens into
eleven classes or groups, as follows:
First American class: Plymouth
Rocks, Wyandottes, Rhode Island Reds.
Javas. Dominiques. Buckeyes.
Second. Asf0tic class: Brahmas. CO.
chins, LaHEshins
Third. Mediterranean class: Leg
horns, Minorcas, Spanish, Andalusians
Z Campines Anconas.
Fourth. English class: Do1kings, Or
pingtons, Redcaps.
Fifth. Polish class: All Polish fowls
OF which there are eight varieties.
Sixth. Dutch class: Hamburgs, OF
which there are six varieties
Crevecoeurs, La Fleche.
Eighth. Game and game bantam
class. including eight varieties OF
games. and tho same number and kind
of bantams
Ninth. Oriental class: Cornish. su.
matras, Malays. Malay Bantams
Tenth. Ornamental bantam class;
Sebrights. Rose Comb, Booted, Brah,Das
Cochins' japanese, Polish.
Eleventh. Miscellaneous class: Fri1
zles. Sultans, Silkies.
For practical purposes the aSoy.
eleven classes are grouped into four
general classes, about as follows:
One. Egg breeds. commonly called
the nonsitting breeds. including all o.
the Mediterranean class and some
others.
Two Meat breeds, embracing all tn,
Asiatic class and a few others
Three. Genera!-purpose breeds. some
times spoken Of as dual-purpose breeds
which Include the American class, som.
Oh the EnSHsh and some OF the French
varieties.
Four. Ornamental breeds which. a.
tho name implies, includes auch orna.
mental varieties as the Polish, game,
and game bantans. which are raise,
almost exclusively by tanciers for cx.
hioition purposes, and not for utility.
In the American STANDARD OF per
lection three additional classes ar,
given over TO turkeys. ducks ard geese
respectively. Turkeys are assumed u
belong to one breed. which is divided
into seven color varieties. There ar,
Six recognized breeds OF geese, onl,
49, one Of which is divided into two colo
varieties There are ten breeds O
ducks, two OF which have two varieties
Other domestic fowls, such as pigeons
guinea fowls and pheasants. are no
included in tho Standard.
will he