davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gilpin observer., 1918-01-24
FIRST HALL MARKS
Hieroglyphics Stamped on Gold
and Silver in 1900.
Guild Formed In Early Days to Pro.
tect the Buyer In the Matter Of
Purity Of Metal.

What are the strange hieroglyphics
stamped on the back of silver articles
In England. and what do these marks
signify? This is question which has
often puzzled the inquisitive. A tedi-
GUS and technical subject, you say.
On the contrary, most absorbing and
appealing one. Read here what an ex-
pert in the matter of these markings
has to say, and be convinced.
'"rhe first hall mark was used in
Paris in 1900. 1t was employed for
both gold and silver, principally the
former. Some goldsmiths had been
underselling others and as there was
no difference in labor or perfection
of detail, 1t was obvious that much
Inferior metal was being used. So n
guild was founded to protect the buy
er in the matter of purity of metal.
The guild specified the Paris touch
which meant that certain standard
Of metal was to be maintained.
"About 1927 stir took place in
England for slightly different rea-
son. Privateering OFF the coast was
frequent, the result being that silver
vessels We're brought back and made
either into coins or other vessels. AS
the product was of lower grade than
the English standard, goldsmiths'
guild was established there also, with
the rather awe-inspiring title of 'Ori-
gin and Mystery Of the Fellowship
of Goldsmiths.' The guild specified
that standard metal must contain 925
parts Of silver and rs parts of copper.
Its members had authority to travel
through the provinces of the United
Kingdom assaying silver vessels, and
II any specimen was not p to stand
ard 1t was confiscated or fine of dou
BILE its value was imposed on the
maker.
"When piece was made It was
the custom to send 1t to the guild
hall. There 1t was assayed and IL
found to be of the proper proportion
1t was stamped with the English hall
mark, or as 1t was then called, the
'guildhall mark commonly referred to
as the kings touch
"a leopard's-head was the first mark
employed in England and the maker
also was privileged to place his own
stamp upon 1t, which generally con-
sisted of the first two letters of his
surname. AS so few people were able
to read, most of the tradesmen had
signs which they placed on their pro-
ductions, hence the modern trade
mark. In 1459 the guildhall added n
letter marking the year that piece
was made. but as the full alphabet
was not used, the date is very difficult
to determine. Ga, Later the leopard's
head was changed to a lion passant,
which In turn gave way to lions
head erased with a figure Of Brit
tania.
'"The collector Of old silver must
look out for the method of 'glorify-
ing used by unscrupulous dealers who
cut the hall marks out of old spoons
or forks and fit them into big piece
to mislead the unwary. It is extra
ordinary that so much good old Eng
lish silver has survived considering
the vicissitudes through which 1t has
passed. In the Wars of the Roses, for
instance, much plate was confiscated
and melted into coins for carrying on
the strife"
Gilpin observer., 1918-01-24
BOSCHEE'S GERMAN SYRUP

will quiet your cough, soothe the in
flammation Of sore throat and lungs
stop irritation In the bronchial tubes,
insuring good nights rest, free from
coughing and with easy expectoration
in the morning. Made and sold in
America for fifty-two years. A Won
derful prescription, assisting Nature in
building up your general health and
throwing off the disease. Especially
useful in lung trouble, asthma, Group,
bronchitis, etc. For sale In all civil
lied countries.-Adv.
Gilpin observer., 1918-01-24
cutIcura stops Itchlna.

The Soap to cleanse and Ointment to
soothe and heal most forms Of itching,
burning skin and scalp affections.
Ideal for toilet use. For free samples
address, "Cuticura, Dept. X, Boston,
Sold by druggists and by mail. Soap
Is, Ointment 25 and 5O.-Ady.
Gilpin observer., 1918-01-24
"'''$IsvV SAVES WIFE
From Suffering by Getting
Her Lydia e. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound.
Pittsburgh, Pa" For many month";
I was not able to do my work owing te

q weakness Whlcn
caused backache
and headaches. A
friend called my
attention to one Of
your new spaper
advertisements and
imm e diately my
husband = b o ught
three bottles 8 Of
Lydia E. Pinkham's
v e G e "a BILE Com
pound for me.
After taking two
hot%l1a 7 fnlt f;~>
Gilpin observer., 1918-01-24
Who Would Not7

Bacon-Which do you enjoy the
most, the day or the night time?
Egbert-Well, you see, on one side
of my house is n shop where the test
boilers all day, and on the other side
lives a man who Is testing his violin
nearly all night. Come to think of 1t
think enjoy the day time more.
Gilpin observer., 1918-01-24
Natural Supposltion.

Arctic EXplorer-And Mt last we
were reduced to eating boots and leg
gins.
Girl-Oh, and then the food specula-
tors raised the price of them, I sup
poser
Gilpin observer., 1918-01-24

It's poor resolution that will not
hold water.
Gilpin observer., 1918-01-24
But She Knew.

Irate Father-"Jack is close young
man, isn't hep Sweet Thing-"Why
father, how do you know?"
Gilpin observer., 1918-01-24

Some people spend lot Of time
regretting things that never happen.
Gilpin observer., 1918-01-24
Protests Are Weak.

That is the German voice as we hear
It clamoring with the hundred and
thousand tongues of books,
Of pamphlets. Of editorials. Of sermons,
Gilpin observer., 1918-01-24

cOuntering some resistance from Amer.
leans. So we disobeyed Germany, and
would not paint the commanded vel.
low stripes upon the hulls OF the one
ship week which was to be permit
ted upon the Atlantic ocean.
We found ourselves In a state OF
war because the German government,
having forced a war upon Europe with
the object of dominating that CONT.
nent and subsequently the world, In.
Guiding the United States, and having
carried on the war with unnecessary
cruelty and the employment of treach.
cry whenever 1t considered treachery
useful, we found ourselves in a state
of war because the German govern.
ment was killing our citizens as
means of enforcing lis will upon us.
That would seem to be war-killing us
to make us obey-no? American citi-
zens have their own government and
prefer to live under their own laws.
That is why we began to fight.
We continue our beginning because
the German government is the same
government that 1t was a few months
ago when we found that 1t was max
ing war upon us-and we ha~s no
choice but to fight 1t until either Z
is thoroughly whipped or some better
kind Of Germans-German of good
sense. good feeling, and Of an honor.
able rellability-get control of Ger.
many.
Peace will come as soon as they do
Gilpin observer., 1918-01-24

Oh teTTOT upon tHOSe WHO oppose us IL
is really philanthropy and shows how
gentle we are, because the survivors
learn through our cruelty that 1t is
useless to oppose us, therefore they the
sooner submit their wills to ours. We
cannot do wrong, no matter what we
do, so long as all that we do is for our
own benefit. And, since our nature is
warlike, war is beautiful and neces-
sary. We study in peace times how to
use every man Of us in time of war,
and that Is our great glory. BY our
bright swords we will take possession
Of the earth, which ought to belong
to us, because we are Germans. We
believe in the heaviest possible breed
Ing of babies, that they may grow up
and be trained to carry liquid fire and
poison against any opposition to us.
And, all the same, we are the only real
peace lovers in this malign and preju-
diced world, which, except for US and
the Austrians and the Bulgarians and
the Turks, is composed exclusively of
stupid rufiians who were so jealous
and envious of us that they forced
this war upon us, hoping to make some
money out of us by annihilating us.
We love peace, and are fighting for our
mere existence-that is, the right to
adjust our frontiers so that they will
include the countries which we have.
conquered by the sword. For instance,
we must never again be threatened by
an invasion through Belgium. We
prepared for this war as no country
ever before prepared-not even In 1870,
when we made war on France-and we
were forced to begin it because we
had to begin 1T before somebody else
did,"
Protests Are Weak.
That is the German voice as we hear
1t clamoring with the hundred and
hundred thousand tongues of books,
The times-herald. [volume] (Burns, Harney County, Or.) 1896-1929, 1918-02-02
Lo cal N ew S.

Francis Griffin was in town yes
terday.
Ora Hill and wife are over from
the DEMO country on visit TO rela-
tives and friends in this city.
George Greeley is renewing ac-
quaintances in this city. He formerly
resided In this vicinity but Is now
located in Malheur county. His
many old time friends are glad to see
him.
Estrayed-Two yearling heifers,
estrayed from my place last April,
banded Xxx on the left hip and mark
ed with an underslope in each ear.
A liberal reward for information
leading to their recovery.-Peter
Peterson. Egli, oregon.
School Supt Frances Clark spent
the week visiting several OF the
school districts OF the county and
discussing among other things the
sale OF Thrift Stamps in the schools.
She accompanied Rev. w. F. Shields
on the trip.
Dave and Jack Craddock and their
wives, were down from Silvies yes
terday. When Jack was accused OF
bringing along that cold spell on
Wednesday night when the ther-
mometer registered two below here
in town, he took the responsibility
for he said IT was 20 below Silvies
the same night.
Deputy Clerk VIM. Carroll and
Charles Foley were representatives
-of this city in class OF young men
who were initiated in the Knights OF
Columbus at Ontario the fore part OF
this week. Neither seem the worse
OF the wear since riding the goat"
from their personal appearance at
any rate.
The times-herald. [volume] (Burns, Harney County, Or.) 1896-1929, 1918-02-02

Mrs. Robt. Irving. Mrs. Ruth War
ren-shaw and Miss Susie Lowe were
down from Harvey last Monday. the
two former being initiated in the
Eastern Star Chapter that evening.
The times-herald. [volume] (Burns, Harney County, Or.) 1896-1929, 1918-02-02
o,us sinemore is in town.

Otus SizemOre ~ in toNH
j. p. Graves was in town the other
day.
Score cards for Five Hundred
also program pencils for sale at this
office.
Albert oakerman and his mother
were in town for few days this
week.
william and Frank Dunn were up
the fore part OF the week TO consult
the income tar man.
RaIph Catterson and Scott Hayes
were among our visitors from the
Lawen section the fore part OF this
week.
Rev. w. r. Shields. pastor OF the
First Presbyterian church OF this
city spent most OF the past week Wis
iting several portions Of the county
to minister TO the spiritual weliare OF
the people He preached at Crane
on last Sunday night and later went
to Happy Valley, Voltage. Narrows
and intervening points where he held
services and visited with the people.
He covered quite territory and was
most Hospitality received BY friends.
David Nelson came down from his
home above Harney yesterday to de-
liver butter and attend 10 some busi-
mss He was accompanied by his son.
Eugene. who recently came over from
Idaho on a short visit to hts parents
before offering himself for enlist
ment In the army. The young man is
OF draft age and since he has not
been called ne thought he would pre-
fer volunteering as he would then
have his choice OF service. He went
TO Crane yesterday afternoon TO take
the train out this morning for Idaho
where he will make application be-
fore his local draft board.
The times-herald. [volume] (Burns, Harney County, Or.) 1896-1929, 1918-02-02
Beat OF care given patients at
Mrs. Fireoved's maternity hospital.

Beat OF care given patients az
Mrs. Fireoved's maternity hospital.
Lost---Gasoline filler cup painted
gray. Finder please return to Summit
Garage and receive reward.
Rooms to rent. Mrs. Eunice
Thompson.
Estrayed-Two steer calves.
branded LII connected. the first let
ter being reversed and forming a
portion OF the II. on the right hip;
waffle on the right side OF neck.
right ear smooth crop. Liberal re-
ward for recovery II. McPhali,
Crane Oregon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lee Caldwell were
down from the mountain ranch dur
ing the week visiting their son. As
SCISSOR John Caldwell. who has been
confined to his home for the past
several weeks from illness. The pa
tient IL improving at this time and
able to be at his office occasionally.
Mrs. Archie MCGOWAN arrived
home from Bend on Thursday even
ing. She states that Archie Is In
Portland and the time OF his return
is indefinite. She was accompanied
home by Mrs. Harry z. Smith and
little daughter. also Miss Margaret
Thompson who will visit with her
for an indefinite time.
beginning Feb. I we will
make one delivery each day to
the suburban portion toward
the river. Orders must be In
by 4 o'clock r. VI. This SER
vice entails additional cx-
pense to us but we believe our
patrons In that vicinity de-
serve such consideration.
Phone US RIA.
A. X. RICHARDSON
The times-herald. [volume] (Burns, Harney County, Or.) 1896-1929, 1918-02-02

Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. Buchanan
in from the station the fore psl
this week to have some dental ,
done and TO visit with relatives
friends.
The times-herald. [volume] (Burns, Harney County, Or.) 1896-1929, 1918-02-02
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF
BURNS. CAPITAL AND SURPLUS
100000. THE BANK THAT
MAKES YOUR Q 9 . . SAFE"
ACCOUNTS INVITED.

Prestiey Smyth, accompanied by
Mrs. Geo. Smyth. came over from
Diamond last Monday to be present
at a meeting OF the directors OF the
First National Bank. They remained
in town until yesterday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lester Williams
have been in from their home on
Silver creek for the past week be-
cause OF the serious Illness OF their
child. The little one had pneumonia
but is now improving rapidly.
Z Mr.. and Mrs. Albert Swain. Mr..
and Mrs. Peter Christensen with the
kids" Carl and Evelyn. and Grand
dad" Swain, came up from Lswen
the other day. The latter remained
In town for a short time. the others
returning home the same day.
Frank Kueny. one OF the boys who
worked as a vaquero for many years
In this county, was here to see the
income man the other day. Frank
quit working for wages some time
ago and embarked in the sheep bust
ness. He has been successful in his
undertaking as the size of his con-
tribution to the war tax on his in
come shows.
The times-herald. [volume] (Burns, Harney County, Or.) 1896-1929, 1918-02-02

Furnished house with barn TO rent.
WIN. Fare.
Henry Keisenbeck was up from
Lawen during the week on business.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. II. Henderson were
Up from their home near the Lake
the first OF this week.
Al Cote and I. n. Hughet were In
from their home near the Warm
Springs during the week.
Hereafter work In the repair de-
partment of the hampshire Garage
is strictly cash.-H. c. Shireman.
Mrs. W. H. Huffman has been
quite i'll at the home OF her parents.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. X. Richardson, for
some time. We are informed she is
improving at this time.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1918-04-26

conviction thut the spelling Of the
word home should be- revised aud the
ave simple letters IDAHO used i'm
stead.
Millions Of Acres Available.
Millions of ncres Of land that have
never known the feel OF the pillow ARE
waiting for the home seeker Ia the
great Empire States OF the Transmits.
souri, West, aud In the states that
fuce the Pacific Ocean.
Many OF these acres are In the dry
farming sections, many OF them can
be brought under irrigation bitches.
In addition to this wild" land.
there are many acres I'm these states.
now cultivated In large tracts. which
with the ever westward pushing ca
those whe seek new lands viii. In the
next fcw years. he cut up into smaller
farms.
when the tremendous tragedy or
the world noW being enacted la blood
aud suffering upon the fair fields OF
France. comes finally 20 an end. the
longing for the open country will take
au even grratcr hold upon tho hearts
~ mankind Then this great country
la the ~ cst should be IN position To
respond to This longing should be
ready 60 receive those who Will seek
It's welcome
Idaho must DO lss part Every
agency IN thc state should be directed
to this end Ia preparation for this
day every facility should be used 10
acquaint thosr who now are looking
Tor a new home ia the West. and
every organization that Is working to
secure thr up%building 81 the West
should De encouraged
Union Pacific system On the Job.
one % the most active organlra-
lions especially maintained for work
Of this character. an organization ad.
mirabiy equipped with and
hacked With a thorough knowledge
and system, IS the Colonization and
Industrial Bureau NJ the Union Pa.
ciHc System.
This Bureau is under the direction
Of r. 4. Smith, who has had many
years experience IN such work. Re
Gently there has been Installed on tn
ground hoor Of the hcadQunrter'
building ~ the Union Pacific Railroad
In Omaha. a most complete and per
manent exhibit of the agricultural
horticultural and live stock interest
% the states which are served ny th'
Union Pacific System. Nebraska. Kan
sas. Colorado, Wyoming. Utah. Idaho
Washington. Oregon. California AM
Nevada. This exhibit. which was pre-
pared and Installed through co-cpera
zion with the public authorities II
each ~ these States, Is 10 be main
tanned and kept constantly renewe'
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1918-04-26
MUST WORK
5 HOURS EVERY
DAY FOR BONDS"
Prominent Woman Worker
Says American Women
Must Quit Being
Parasites

Mrs. Frank A. Vanderlip Of New
York City. treasurer OF the National
Woman's Liberty Loan Committee, is
urging upOn the women Of America
definite and consistent war service.
In a recent interview she said
American women must quit being
parasites and learn to give instead Of
always taking. An hour or two a
few days a week is not enough for
any woman to give her country. We
must give a full business day, an g.
hour day every day OF the week II we
are to coun for anything while the
war lasts
Mrs. Vanderbilt outlined the splen-
did work which has been done by the
women Of Great Britain and France
and congratulated American women
on having as their allies in their new.
work such women.
1T we ever have another war,
said Mrs. Vanderlip, women will be
In the trenches. What do the pa
cihsts mean when they want us to
stop before our present job Is done
There is but one standard for
measuring a woman Ia this new day
Of war. That is dependability. The
woman who can be depended upon is
the one we want. The one who can
not be counted upon is the one who
will be dropped forever. A profess
sional spirit is the need Of Ameri-
can women, who have been parasitic
for too long. We must stop taking
and give. Eight hours a day is a
short day for this great work we have
before us. Two or three hours a day
to the Red Cross is not enough for
any woman to give as her war work.
I'VE must get as our personal point
OF view the realization that We can
not have our AXE and eat it too. We
must ask ourselves. in this war of
equipment rather than men, who must
20 without II we have the things we
have beer accustomed to. Business
and pleasure cannot go on as usual If
we are successfully to conduct this
tremendous new business of war.
I'VE have forgotten. when we are
buying new clothes and eating the
wheat and sweets that we want and
riding in our motor cars, mat we are
hampering the Government. We are
standing in the way OF the Govern
ment's business which is war.
when you wan to spend a dollar
for candy or unnecessary clothes land
we buy more clothes than we need
because OF pride) count that dollar
as a traitor dollar. IL you save that
dollar and invest It with the Govern
ment you are serving the Government
doubly, for you are aiding in fnanc-
ing the war and you are releasing the
Ia bor and materials needed for the
unnecessarily which you have de
manded formerly.
We are fighting an enemy that is
far from beaten. IL has won every
thing 1t started out after. Its dream
Of Mittel Europa is realized now.
Only a military victory can save de
mocracy. We must sacrifice ourselves
as we have sacrificed our men folks
We must learn to hate that we may
effectively kill the evil thing that is
running not only the bodies but the
souls OF its people and threatens the
rest of the world"
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1918-04-26
LIBERTY BONDS

l.. Are United States Gov
eminent Bonds.
2. Are supported by every
dollar Of the enormous re-
sources Of the United States.
3. They bear interest at a
rate higher than earned by any
other class Of Government
bonds.
4. They do not represent a
war gift or donation but the
highest type Of proft-produe-
ing investment.
5. They are In denomlna-
tions ranging upward from $50
to suit the convenience and the
finances Of every American who
wants 10 help his country.
6. They are transferable and
constitute an ideal security.
2. II you are willing to help
your country any bank or trust
company will help you by ae-
eeptlng your order and arrang-
ing terms Of payment without
the imposition Of any commits
sion or charge for its services.
ANY BANK WILL HELP you
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1918-04-26
THE WAR, THE FARM
AND THE FARMER
By Herbert Quick
Member Federal Farm Loan Board

What the Imperial German govern.
ment offered the farmers Of America
In its ruthless submarine warfare was
o the loss OF profits, but slavery to
the sa~beT-rattler of Potsdam. He pur-
posed to make us slaves by murder
ing the people who took our products
to market. BY all the laws of civil
ized warfare, commerce under a neu-
trail flag was free from n hindrance
EXCEPT the legal interference justified
by war. But the Germans not only
stopped merchant vessels, they sank
them. Sank them without warning.
without trace-the most devilish
thing war has seen since the savages
scalped our ancestors and threw
screaming babies into the flames Of
burning cabins.
The German plan OF sinking mer-
chant vessels without trace is based
On the murderer's maxim that dead
men tell no tales" II was exc
cuted by the massacre of men. wom-
en- and children. who, having com
mitted themselves to small boats in
Az OREA sea aAAtA LnGll onADo MEAG
t~orpedoed, were mercilessly raked
with gunfre, and exterminated to the
last unprotected. unpitied soul! These
are the murders that stain the hands
of the Kaiser, his advisers and min
ions. These outrages were perpetrated
on neutral vessels when all that civ
ilized warfare gave the Germans a
right to do even with the merchant
vessel under a hostile flag. "a to
stop 1t at sea n make it a prize of
war.
To kill the civilians on board, ever
under a hostile flag. was nothing but
unmitigated murder. And these muir.
ders were committed In order that we
might be enslavedl Having the
right to take the sea with his fleet,
but being afraid to do so for fear he
might lose 1t, and being unable by
fair means to stop the selling of our
products to his enemies, the Kaiser
declared that he would do it by the
foulest methods ever resorted to in
war. He declared the sea closed
and that he would keep it closed. not
by war. but by murder.
To have submitted would have cost
us dear in prosperity but that would
have been the least OF our loss.
We should have had to grovel be
fore the German government.
We should have had to accept muir
This Is the second Of three articles. 7