davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1918-04-11
WHOLESALE MARKET.

The wholesale prices today range as
follows:
EGGs+strictly fresh. 35a36; average
receipts, S4as5; southern. 81.
CHERsE-New York state factory.
new. 27a2s.
!! BUTTER-Elgin print, ~; Elgin tub.
46, process, 43a44; store packed. 80.
turkeys. per lb., 4oa46; chickens: per
lb., 46a4s: keats. young. each. 6oa7o.
DRESSED PoULTRY-Fresh killed
spring chickens. 3sa42 per h.: turkeys,
Der lb., 4oa46: roosters. per lb.. 32a35;
geese, per h., 25a2S; ducks. 80.
GREEN FRu1TsLApples. per bbl..
sooa7oo box l25assos Fi9rdda ids or Dr.
erapefruit, nsps, crate. s.5oa475: strawber-
ries, 20a4o.
VEGETABLES - Potatoes, No. /.
Lnorthern, per 100 lbs, 1.7oa1.75; Nc
cormicks, 2.00a225 per standard bbl. i;
sweet potatoes, 4.0oas.oo bbl.; No. 2. 400
a40o bbl.; string beans. per basket.
nea Eoa
500; cucumbers, basket, 1.50a2.50: egg
plant, 3ooa4.50 crate: cabbage, per 100
lbs, 2.0oa2.50; beets. bunch, 5aS; lettuce,
1.ooas.5o per basket; cabbage. Florida.
Florida celery. crate. 1.ooa2.50; romaine
lettuce, 50a1 90; squash. 2.50a350 crate;
spring onions. 1.5oa2.oo per 100 punches;
onions, per sack. 1.25a1.5o; spinach. 400
a225 per bbL kale, 1.75a2O0 bbl
turnips. per box, 4oa50; per bbl.. 1.50a
200; per crate, 1.25a2.00; tomatoes,
Florida, per crate, 1.50a4.50; new beets,
Florida, 2.O0a2.50 crate; green peas,
2.ooa4.0o per basket; rhubarb. 65a75 per
doz.
LIVE sTocK-Sheep, per lb. 7as;
lambs, spring. 24a25; calves, per lb..
1874: medium. per lb., 16al7: common.
per lb.. 12a1S.
PQRK-small. % lb.; medium. 90 lb. i:
heavy, 1sa20.
sEEDs-Red clover, 22.ooa22.5o per
bu.; alsike clover, 17.5oa1s.00 per bu.;
crimson clover, 12.50a15.00 per bu.; tim
othy, 425a4.50 per bu.; red top, 14:00a
1900 per 100 lbs: bluegrass. 3.00aS.50.
GRAIN-wheat. milling, per bu.. 2.10
a220: corn. per bu.. 1.s0a1.65; oats,
white. 1.01a1.03: mixed oats, 99a1.oO;
hay, No. /. 3o.o0aa1.O0: No. 2. 2s.50a
1850.
Evening star., 1918-04-11
FIGHT HUNS TO A FINISH.
Attorney General Gregory Declares
n s. Never Will Surrender.

BRIDGEPORT. Conn. April 11.-Ad-
dressing war rally here last night.
United states Attorney General Greg
ory declared that the sacking Of Rome
in ancient days was a Christianlike
procedure compared to the ravages
perpetuated In conquered lands by the
Prussian hosts.
"has had a growth founded on destruc-
tion. She has gained her conquests in
me present war by murder. pillage and
arson and by violating every principle
of God and man..
The speaker declared the United States
will fight Germany to hnish-whether
that finish be on the hills Of France or
in the streets Of Bridgeport.
sGive me 1000. men who have been in
the Army environments for . period OF
eight months" said MI Gregory, and
EI viii place them against tbs same
numbsr sc men from the Imperial Rrus-
lataA anmRA 4n1 AfApd M fne q =
Evening star., 1918-04-11
Grain, Produce,
Cotton Markets.
GRAIN AND PROVISIONS.

CHICAGO, April 11.-with the re-
mova1 of maximum price restrictions
in the beginning of trade in future de-
livery contracts based on the actual
commercial grades the corn market
today became again q broad. active af-
fair and jumped considerably higher
than even radical bulls had predicted.
1t had been anticipated that $3.50 a
bushel would be reached for the July
option, but some transactions took
place as much as cents above that
level. The strength of the market was
best illustrated by the fact that at the
corresponding time a year ago July
stood at $1251s. After opening this
morning at $50 to 1.55 July and 1874
to 1.27a May, prices steadied around
1.51% July.
Oats were comparatively neglected
and showed a lack of support Open
ing quotations, which varied from un-
changed to % lower. were followed py
a material setback all around.
Selling by pit traders tended to de-
press provisions Higher prices on
hogs received but little notice.
Potatoes-Higher; receipts, 20 cars
Wisconsin, Michigan and Minnesota,
bulk. 1.00a1.15; do, sacks, 1.10a1.2o.
Notice that corn spreads between the
May and July delivered would not be
allowed had the effect of keeping May
about stationary. July, however, ram
up sharply in the late dealings The
close was strong with July 1.577s to
157A and May 1.27ss
Some buying that was ascribed to
packers failed to check declines. Cen
ar,l shipDiuer O. demand was slow,
Evening star., 1918-04-11
CHANGES;
MODERATE LIQUIDATION

NEW YORK. April 11.-Petroleums
were the heaviest features at the list
less opening of today's stock market
Sinclair Oil losing a point on suspen-
sion Of the dividend.
Mexican Petroleum and Texas Com
pany fell back large fractions.
Changes elsewhere, though mainly
downward. were confined to narrow
limits
Shippings and equipments manifest
ed little of their recent activity ana
rails were again neglected.
Trading More Active on Decline.
The market resisted pressure during
the first hour. but the tenor OF later
war bulletins finally brought about
moderate liquidation.
Investment rails yielded l to ~
points. shippings l to IA, and the more
distinctive war issues lost to points.
The early reaction in oils and special
ties was generally extended, trading
becoming more active on the decline.
Fractional rallies occurred at noon,
the extra dividend on Marine preferred
exerting a sentimental influence.
Liberty a1as sold at 1856 to $3.50;
first As at s6 to 96.10 and second As at
1856 to $500.
Trading quieted during the midses-
sion. but reactionary tendencies con-
tinued.
Coalers and specialties. including
motor subsidiaries, lost 1 to l u points
on like offerings.
Pacific Mail was an exception, gain
ing a point.
Evening star., 1918-04-11
TURKS ADVANCE ON KARS,
Now Before Batoum in Movement
Toward Russian Transcaucasian Citv

AMSTERDAM. Wednesday. April TO-
A Turkish official communication is
sued Tuesday and received here today
says:
Our troops are successfully advanc-
ing toward Kara (Russian Trans
caucasia) and are now before Batoum.
After crossing the Choruk our troops
occupied the advanced positions of the
fortress and repulsed bands of the
enemy"
Lieut.. Gen. Baron Won Ardinne, a well
known military writer. in an article in
the Dusseldorf Nachrichten, a COPY of
which has been received here, says:
The tide is about to turn in Syria
and Palestine. With the Turkish vic.
tory near Es-Salt the recapture of Je-
rusalem has become a practical possi-
bility. 1t Is a satisfaction to us Ger
mans that the struggle for the holy
places is again proceeding with Ger
man arms. as in the time Of the kaiser
at BarbaroSsa."
Evening star., 1918-04-11
WOULD CHECK R. R. THEFTs.
Representatives of Trunk Lines Con.
fer With Protection Section.

Representatives of chief special
agents of the principal trunk lines have
been in conference for the past two
days with the manager of the section
for the protection of railroad property,
with a view to cooperation in the work
of theft prevention at railroad yards
and terminals.
An advisory committee. consisting Of
Chief Special Agents J. w. Connolly of
the Southern railway. w. G. Baldwin of
the Norfolk and Western, T. T Keiiher
of the Illinois Central, Robert S. Mitch
ell of the Missouri Pacific and J. r.
Mcmahon of the New York. New Haven
and Hartford. was selected to cooper
ate with the representative of the rail-
roal administration in law enforcement
work.
Evening star., 1918-04-11
LONDON Rank STATEMENT.

LONDON, April 1.-THE weekly
statement of the Bank Of England
shows the following changes:
Total reserves decreased, fS75,00O;
circulation. decreased. f11S,000: bull
lion. decreased. f9s3,o22; other securt-
ties, decreased. Ell, 900: public de-
posits. increased. f3,7S9,000; other de-
posits, decreased. f1s,079.000: notes re-
serve. decreased, f745.000; government
securities. decreased. f2,440.000. The
proportion OF the banks reserve to liza
bility this week Is 1900 per cent; last
week 1t was 17.22 per cent.
Evening star., 1918-04-11
NEW YORK METAL MARKET.

NEW YORK, April 11-Metal ex-
change quotes lead quiet: spot. 725a
7.5o. Spelter. steadier; East st. Louis,
spot, 6S0a700.
lures, f110; electrolytie f125; tin, spot,
1922: futures, 1922: lead, spot, f29 los;
futures. ELS los; spelter. spot. f54: fu-
lures. $50.
Evening star., 1918-04-11
NEW OPPOSITION SHOWN
0vERMAN BILL In DEBATE

The overman bill authorizing the
President to coordinate governmental
departments drew new opposition
when debate was resumed today in the
Senate.
Senator Smith Of Georgia declared he
favored the bill in so far as 1t Affects
the coordination of the military es-
tablishment, but said any attempt to re-
organize civil departments would only
produce confusion and disorder"
Evening star., 1918-04-11
WILLIAM C.. MCDONALD DEAD.
Served as First Governor Of State of
New Mexico.

Ell PASO. Tex, April 11.-William c.
Mcdonald, first governor of the state
of New Mexico, died here today of
Bright's disease. He was sixty years
old.
Evening star., 1918-04-11
Stock Exchange.

SALES.
Capital Traction S.. $500 at 80. $1,000 at 90.
$500 at 90. p
Washington Railway and nd Electric a. $1,000 at
Capital Traction, IS at s., 10 at IS.
Washington Gas, rs at 90, at 90.
Commercial Bink Righta l at IL, 10 at IL
10 at 11A, l at 11ls. 10 at II, 10 at Ii, at IL.
After call:
Capital Traction. 25 at IS, 25 at s5. 10 at IS.
10 at IS.
Evening star., 1918-04-11
Records for Twenty-Four Hours.
Condition of the Water.

Temperature and condition OF water
at & am: Great Falls-Temperature
4S, condition. 500. Dalecarlia reser-
A; condition at
north connection, $50: condition at
tributing acknowledgements SO:
condition at infiuent gatehouse. 80; con-
dftion at eff1uent gatehouse. IA.
Weather in Various Cities.
Evening star., 1918-04-11
WEATHER..


nfstrict~of Columbia. cloudy and con-
tinued cool tonight; tomorrow fair and
somewhat warmer: diminishing north
ca st winds.
Maryland and Virginia, cloudy and
continued cool tonight; tomorrow fafr.
warmer: diminishing northeast winds:
West Virginia, partly cloudy and
somewhat cooler tonight; tomorrow
fair.
Tide Tables.
Compiled by United States coast and
geodetic survey
Today--Low tide, 3:02 am. and 3:Ss
pm; high tide. S:s6 am. and S:1t pm;
Tomorrow-Low tide. 3:52 am. and $3.50
pm; high tide, 9:47 am. and 10:16 pm.
The Sun and Moon.
Today-sun rose. s:3s am: sun setA
7:40 pm.
Tomorrow-sun rises, 6:37 am: sun
Moon rises, s:21 am; sets. s:42 pm.
Automobile lamps to be lighted one
half hour after sunset.
Records for Twenty-Four Hours.
The following were the readings Of
the thermometer and barometer at the
weather bureau for the twenty-four
hours beginning at PM. yesterday:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, pm. Al;
am, 81: s am. 35; - noon. 36; p. m. 50.
Maximum, Il. at 2 pm. yesterday; mini
num- 35, at am. today.
Temperature same date slast year
Maximum. 10; minimum, AZ.
8 pm. 30.05; 12 midnight, 30.08; today.
am, 5000; am, 3o.1S; IL noon. s0.13;
pm. 1910.
Evening star., 1918-04-11

NEW YORK. April 11.-Lard-Firm;
middle west. 26.4oa2650. Other articles
unchanged.
Evening star., 1918-04-11
BAR SILVER aUorAr1oNs.

LONDON, April l1,--Bar silver, 4sxd
per ounce. Money, per csnt Discount
rates: Short and three nonthA e-1t
Evening star., 1918-04-11
The Law Of Contracts.

lectures. the FIRST Of which win be given
by Norris T. Wampler. former assistant
district attorney. before the Warrington
Chapter. A I. B., tonight At the chapter
The herald., 1918-11-28
HARDLY
STAND ALONE
Terrible Suffering From Headache,
Sideache, Backache, and Weak
ness, Relieved by Cardui.
Says This Texas Lady.

Gonzales, Tex Mrs. Minnie Phil
pot, of this place, writes: Five years
ago was taken with pain In my
left side. 1t was right under my
left rib. It would commence with an
aching and extend up into my left
shoulder and on down into my back.
BY that time the pain would be 30
severe I would have to take to bed,
and suffered usually about three days
~ suffered this way for three years.
and got to be a mere skeleton and was
SO weak I could hardly stand alone.
Was not able to go anywhere and had
to let my house work CO.. Il suffered
awful with a pain in my back and !
had the headache all the time. just
was unable to do thing. My life
was a misery, my stomach got In an
awful condition, caused from taking
so much medicine. ! suffered 30 much
pain. I had Just about given up all
hopes Of our getting anything to help
me.
One day q Birthday Almanac was
thrown in my yard. After reading
its testimonials I decided to try Car
dui, and am so thankful that I did,
for began to improve when on the
second bottle...I am now Q well
woman and feeling fine and the cure
has been permanent for 1t has been
two years since my awful had health.
I will always praise and recommend
Cardui." Try Cardui today. = u
The herald., 1918-11-28
Kerosene.

It is believed that Kerosene was first
used for lighting in 1876.
The herald., 1918-11-28
JUDGMENT.
State of Louisiana, Civil District Court 4
the Parish of Orleans.

State of Louisiana. Civil District Court for
the Parish of Orleans.
hereby certify, That on the 4th day OF
Sept 1918 judgment was rendered IN TINS
Court in the following entitled suit, IN the
words and figures following, to-wit: No.
i246Ss. Division "a" Docket 5. Mr.. and Mrs.
Horace P. Mclean versus Chandler I. Luzen-
berg, District Attorney.
This cause came on this day to be heard,
upon petitioners application to change, alter
and amend the name OF their minor son
Carey Henry Mclean, TO Leal Carey Henry
Mclean. Lawrence NJ. yanin, Attorney tor
netitiouer. Chandler c. Gutenberg, District
Attorney for the Parish of Orleans, represent
ing the State of Louisiana.
When, after hearing pleading, evidence and
counsel the Court being of opinion, for the
reasons this day orally assigned, that the
petitioners are entitled to the relief prayed
II is ordered. adjudged and decreed, that
there be judgment herein authoriking g
said Horace p Mclean, the petitioners, to
change, alter and amend the name OF their
minor child, Carey Henry Mclean. to Leal
Carey Henry Mclean, which snail be the
true and lawful name of their said minor
son, after the publication OF TINS Judgment
in the manner required by law;
II is further ordered, that all costs OF TINS
proceeding be paid by the petitioners. yudg-
ment read and rendered in open court, sept
4th, 1918. Judgment signed in open court
Sept 18th, 1918, -,
District Court for the Parish of Orleans, DIV
&C" acting for Div "a"
In testimony whereof, / have hereunto set
nv hand and affixed the seal OF the sad san;
Court, at the City of New Orleans, TINS lZtn
day of Sept, in the year of our Lord, one
thousand. nine hundred and eighteen. j.
GRIESHABER, Deputy Clerk.
Dec B.
The herald., 1918-11-28
CHARTERS.

of shares Of stock subscribed by each OF
them.
Thus done and passed at my office in the
city of New Orleans, Louisiana, on the day
month and year above written. in the pres
ence of Vera II. Trailer, and Hazel Abbott.
witnesses, who have hereunto subscribed
their names, together with me, Notary, and
said appesrers, after due reading OF the
whole. Witnesses: Vera II. Trailer, Hazel
Abbott WATTS X. LENERICH, Notary
Public.
l the undersigned. recorder OF mortgages
in and for the Parish OF Orleans, State OF
Louisiana, do hereby certify that the above
and foregoing act Of Incorporation If Rosen.
berg Realty Company, Inc, was this day
daily recorded in my office in Book l222
Folio - New Orleans. La, November
4th 1918. EMILE J. LEONARD, by. X
hereby certify the foregoing is true
and correct copy Of the original.
WATTS K. LEVERICH. Notary Public.
Nov 7-l4-21.2S; Dec. SIP.
The herald., 1918-11-28
CHARTER OF ROSENBERG REALTY CO.,
INC

United States of America, State of Louis
lana, Parish of Orleans Be it known that
on this the End day Of November, One Thou
Watts X. Leverich, a Notary Public, duly
ommissioned and qualified in and for the
Parish of Orleans, State of Louisiana, in the
presence of the witnesses hereinafter named
and undersigned. personally came and APP
peared the parties whose names are here
unto subscribed, who severally declared;
that awaiting themselves of the provisions
of the laws Of Louisiana, relative TO the
organization of corporations, they have con-
The herald., 1918-11-28

7. the undersigned Recorder Of Mortgages
in and for the Parish of Orleans. State of
Louisiana. do hereby certify that the above
and foregoing amendment to Articles l. II. V,
VI, and VII of the charter Of the Baton
Rouge. Hammond & Eastern Railroad was
tbis day filed and recorded in the mortgage
office for the Parish of Orleans, in Book
1922, Folio 5n New Orleans, La, October
soth, 1913
EMILE J. LEONARD. by. R.
Recorded in Book of Charters /. folio b9,
| of the Parish of East Baton Rouge: La.
w. c. YOUNG.
Recorder and Clerk.
A true copy. A. A. MORENO. Notary
| Public.
Nov. 14-2I-2s; Dec. s-l2-l9.
The herald., 1918-11-28
Optimistic Thought.

The schoolmaster's chair Is the
throne of republican government
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1918-09-27
NATIONS ASKED TO
OUTLAW BOLSHEvIKI
UNITED STATES WOULD MOVE
TO PUT AN END TO RUSS
TERRORISM.
In View Of Desire OF Americans to
Help Russian People, the Gov
eminent Feels That Reign %
Terror Must BE Ended.

Washington. - Mortified by the
bloody reign of terror In Russia, the
United States has called upon all
what they may do to impress upon the
Bolsheviki the aversion with which the
civilized world regards their wanton
crimes.
BY direction of President Wilson,
Secretary Lansing dispatched instruc-
tons to every American diplomatic
representative In the foreign capitals.
The action aligns the United States
with that of Great Britain and France
in declaring the Bolsheviki responsible
for the murders, criJues and excuses
which have shocked the world, outlaws
and public enemies.
Whatever action may be decided
upon by the nations, separately or In
concert, It Is made clear, will be quite
apart from the prosecution of the war
against Germany.
This Is the text of the state depart
ments instructions to the American
diplomats:
"This government is in receipt of in
formation from reliable sources reveal
ing that the peaceable Russian citizens
Of Moscow, PetrOgrad and other cities
are suffering from an openly avowed
campaign of marked terrorism and are
subject to wholesale executions. Thou
sands of persons have been shot with
out even form of trial; ill-adminis-
tered prisons are filled beyond capa-
city and every night scores Of Rus
sian citizens are recklessly put to
death; and irresponsible bands are
venting their brutal passions in the
daily massacres Of untold innocents.
In view of the earnest desire Of the
people Of the United States to befriend
the Russian people and lend all pos
sible assistance in their struggle to re-
construct their nation upon principles
OF democracy and self-government, and
acting, therefore, solely In the inter-
est of the Russian people themselves,
this government feels that it cannot be
silent or refrain from expressing its
horror at this state of terrorism. Fur
thermOre it believes that, in order to
check the further increase of the in
discriminate slaughter Of Russian citi-
zens, all civilized nations should reg
lister their adherence of such barbar-
lsm.
'sYOu will inquire, therefore, whether
the government to which you are &C
credited win be disposed to take some
immediate action which Is entirely de-
void from the atmosphere of bellig-
erency and the conduct of the war. to
impress upon the perpetrators Of these
crimes the aversion with which CIV
ilization regards their present wanton
acts
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1918-09-27
ANNIH|LATES TWO
TURKISH ARMIES
DISASTER ovERTAkEs OTTOMAN
FORCES IN PALESTINE WHEN
BRITISH FORCES ATTACK.
General Allenby Puts Seventh and
Eighth Turkish Armies Out OF
BusIness-Huns Suffer Defeat
on Four Fronts.

London.-Disaster has overtaken the
Teuton over all fields. In Palestine
the Turks are all but absolutely
crushed; In Macedonia the entente
forces are marrying their foes and
threatening them with similar disas-
ter; In France the British and French
troops slowly, but surely, are eating
their way into the vitals of the German
defensive positions, the collapse of
which would result In important
changes all along the western battle
front, and In eastern Siberia the jap
anese have made additional strides
forward in the process of retaining
that territory for the Russians.
In all the theatres of the war the
entente allies have the initiative and
are pressing their advantage rigorous.
ly. The Germans and their allies no
where are able to do more than stand
on the defensive. And in Palestine
and Macedonia their efforts In this
respect have proved sorry ones.
General Allenby has crushed the
Turkish Seventh and Eighth armies.
His cavalry has closed every exit ex-
cept one, which cannot be reached by
many Of the enemy, and In "a wide en-
circling movement his horsemen brill
liantly broke down all attempts to put
up delaying rear guard fights. The
cavalry captured Nazareth, Nablus.
Beisan and Jenin and have secured an
enormous quantity Of valuable booty.
and we have not heard the last OF their
efforts.
Two Turkish armies were put out
of business, 10000 Turks being killed
or captured.
From north of Jerusalem to the Sea
Of GaIilee, in the territory lying be-
tween the river Jordan and the Medi
terranean sea, the Ottoman forces
have been caught by the swift drive OF
the British armies and virtually an
initiated. Added to the heavy casual.
ties suffered by the Turks, hordes OF
them were made prisoner and many
more are wandering, bewildered, with
out leaders, in the hills, eventually to
be brought In to swell the great total.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1918-09-27
Jerusalem TO GAIA BY Rail.

The modern Ethiopian travels from
Jerusalem to GAIA on the way to his
home country far up the Nile by rail-
road train. Reports from Palestine in
dicate that since the British occupation
Of the country GAIA, the chief city of
the Phillstines in Old Testament days,
and the scene Of Samson's exploits,
has become an important railroad CEN
ter, the broad-guage railway having
been extended from GAIA to a point
so miles to the northward, and the
old Turkish line from Judd to Jeru-
salem, as well as the recently con-
structed branch line from GAIA to
Surar Junction, has been restored and
is now in operation. Rochester Post
Express.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1918-09-27
TELL OF ENEMY's APPROACH
Certain Birds and Animals Make the
Best Kind OF SentlneIs That an
Army Can Employ.

A wounded soldier, asked what had
surprised him most In the battle zone.
told Of finding a robins nest In an
empty shell case.
AS q rule birds are the finest SEN
klnels In the animal kingdom. They
become. aware Of approaching aircraft
long before man hears anything. Early
IN the war parrots were kept at the
Eiffel tower as senkinels, but they
grew accustomed to the sound Of en-
envy planes and were no longer OF use.
Pheasants always grow restless and
chatter noislly IL zeppelins are APP
preaching. even when they are far
away. SO far that man can hear no
sound.
What IL perhaps stranger Is the fact
that such ordinary creatures as pigs
should sight balloon when 1t is COM
Ing over. The ''blister" makes no
sound, yet, should one appear against
the sky, miles from q farmyard, the
farmer will be made aware Of the fact
BY the curious antics OF his pigs and
the elueking Of his hens.
Toy dogs always are susceptible to
the presence Of danger, and many a
pet shows uneasiness before raid.
Cats, too, show fear Of gunfire and
seem to know when danger threatens.
Dogs, birds and horses are very SEN
Wftive to sound. Watch the birds dur
ing a daylight raid, listen to the dogs,
and visit the stable where the horse
restlvely stamps up and down. But
that all ANIMALS can accustom them
selves to sounds that cause fear IL
proved by our cavalry horses. dogs
that accompany their masters into the
firing line, and the robins nest In the
empty shell case.