davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16

Another system of mining is used in
a few places. called the long wall system,
but ITS use is rare in this country. -
The actual mining of coal varies greatly
Cnd depends in a large measure on the
thickness of the scam. Goal is mined
in seams that are as thin as eighteen
inches. and in those thin seams most of
the wo is done by hand. In some mines
who're the coal may be MS thick ns twelve
TO fourteen feet it is also mined by hand
In mining coAl hv hand rhe miner uses ?
pick which weighs about two pounds
When the coal is miucd by machine
the same tyre of nndercut is made and
the coal is shot down the same as/whcr
mined hv hand Two types of machines
are usP1: one is punching machine
run by comrrossed air and is similar +,
n steam rock driIl. with which we are
all familiar This machine is mounted
on two small wheels for convenience ir
handling "nd # nicFs the coal.
Electric Mmizg Machinery.
The second type Of machine is an elrc'
-ric chain machine. 1t consists Of ar
prm with n sprockpt wheel Al o"cii end
The sprnckpt. which is attached TO th |
is driven by an elect"i" moto-
\ heavy chain passes srnnnd the sprock
rts. aud to this chain are fastened stee
hicks or .chiscls. This arm cuts its wa!
into the coal usually at the bottom, anG
hen the machine draws itself across ths
fnce of the room pillar or heading. and
while doing this tho ARA cuts the coal
After the coal is undercut and shot down
the men load the Goa into the mine cars.
using a shovel. InIhe thnnest seams tbev
IRE Obliged to lie down while shOvclling !
In others it Is necessary for them TO kneei |
These mine cars may hc built of wood. !
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16

torpedo must hit the engines. laced AZ
the stern. and then the vessel is done for.
tThe Submarine dare only show sinai!
part OF the pcriscopr above the water. and
tbcn only for a very short space Of time.
I The torpedo was fired at a distance of
200 yards. but the steamship was going at
a greater pace than had been allowed for,
and there v-1s no explosion. a Miss was
Irecorded. Then she turned right around
and started setting her course in the op-
posite direction When she had gone sonp
little distance the U-boat emerged and
fired = shot f-or' her quick firing gun ne
Ia signai 70 halt. The steamship understood: ::
she lei down two boats into which the
crew descended 4 tail white cOlumn ~
steam was blown off The rantain shemPd
to be a reasonable sort of man. md no.
anxious to fight desneraFplv and 'hnpH
lossly against shell fir" The submarine
ram" alon gside. submerged ard viewed tho
~csseI: she was = block tank steamship
with gray sup-rstructure. unarrned. With
H. usrNi patcnf log trailing from hor
torn Then thr r hoat turned hcr aften-
fiou to thc small Ho~ts. uhirh. whom they
~av the neriSr0pc apprnaching. rownd
orirkFy away A. lost the submarine WI
able N ena-7e safely in favorable nosi
'ioD hrvord fIio boats hut kreping thern
VOL within r~ngc cf her gins Blnwinc
o''f hor nil hin h9Ilaet sho ouer~nd md
tbr co7rine tov'er wac cponosr '''o h''fts
''od ALREADY hecn rowcd liftlc further
7-h N r4dforIv. irs' as thov wore heinz
hoi'od thoro was flash from the gtcnms1
chin.
Submarine tran" sounded thc alarm
"SUtmcrae quickly
Tho moments passed Ike lightning Al
sheil hit the after p1rf # the conuing
tower siperstrurture. and no sooner wnS
The hole stopped up than there was vel
Ioy fash and explosive gnsos poisoned
the air. 4 shell bad penetrated the conf
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16

Icrew ayailable we're sent foEwa ~ in ordel
10 press her bows down wilt their weight
The soat dipped astPrH and sank. and, The
" bolp manoenvre had to be repeated.
After another twenty minutes it was
nunosSible to steer submerged. There
was only one furlorn hope-suddenIy tc
nnisrge. fire and hasten away. The cap
t,iiu gave the order -"PressurP on all
the tanks. man the guns. LEI the engines
~" "lrar ard fill speed ahead" In III"
r,lIpv stood asbrrrot containing tho fish
'hH' had been cfreht that morning. Thev
would not hn ~apted now
The submarine emerged and the hatch
rnder the connin. fowcr was opened A
nnrfect torrent Of water porrrd in: but
tfnt did not matter. all werp prepared to
swim sooner or later Now the way was
r'enr The Steamer was some couple of
mites away now. firing ms she went
"Yon -. vow have not got uS set hr|
hong wnv" said the U-hoat. nlickiy RI
rrrninr firr but whether thr shots WORE
srcrcssfnl II could uof trIl. aS tb" glass
~ the per<copc lar IN tho wateflogecf'
coming tower TIC cpGires w"re sot atl
hish sncod Ear hir'Mr than tliry oprh'
70 have hrcn. but when the last card is
nj stekr--
ThuSc of the crew who were not oc-
@neird l'olow btisied tIepselrcs bv car
r,icS sle'Is, 10 the guns The ;ientonag
felt his feet hl6wn silewnvs 81
yard apart, in q clord Of smoke he stag
2ornd ngaiTst tho Grn The rrew thopCht
tbe>ncnr fellow world have Ind both his |
ltgs hlnvn ntf but n'arvcIlausly enorsh |
hr wns euly hit hr few snlintrrs The
shcll hid nassod bcswccn the logs " thr
sunurr Of the forward pnr. the letonitiou
his ca-drum Tl,r reserve am
sho--rd considerable anlount
n damage SheI's we've d""hinT in among
tho crew. rail was blown away. A
suilor from Leipzig sat in the stern
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16

then one or possibly two more pairs of
headings will be turned par4iiiel to the
first pairs, or as near right angles as pos
sible to the main heading.
4, When these cross entries have been
driven in about a hundred feet from tn,
main heading rooms are turned at ,righ.
angles The 100 foot pillar as it is called
wdich is left before turning the frs,
room. is to protect the main heading froir
being crushed when the balance of the
coal IS removed These rooms may h..
turned from both sidrs Of the cross
entries if the coal lies flat, hut if thq
Grade of the coal is sterp they will only
be turned up the grade of tne coal Thes"
rooms are usually driven about twenty 70
twenty-five feet wide. and n piNlr of coal
eighteen to twenty-five feet thick is lcf'
between them to hold mp the roof These
nillars are pierced every sixty feet to allow
ventilation When all the rooms on
cross entry are driven MP TO their fina:
length. which is usually thirty TO fiftv
feet less than the distance between thf
pHirs Of cross entries. robhug commences
Tho pillar that is left betwPen the ends
of the rooms and the next pair Of cross
'ntrirs is 70 protect these entries from
,ri7r crushed
RObbing means the removal of dIe pi
ars that are holding up tne rock over thc
-oal Practically all of the coal that isl
in th 'e pillars is removed. and while it =
being taken ont the rock above is sup
norted by wooden posts.
This method of laying ont a mine !,
,alled the room and pillar system, hut /;
5 fast being superseded by the pane
ystem. which is safer. The method Of
opening a mine on the panel system :
ne same as for the room and pillar sys |
EN-
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16

the ship, behind an uncommon sailclOth
weather screen, stood three men, who did
not leave when they saw the periscope
Of the submarine. This at once made the
commander suspicious. Fire torpedo in
No. tube" he ordered. In twenty-five
seconds there was a short, sharp explo-
sion, and twenty yards from the rescue
boat pillar Of water lowered over mast
high.
The three men stepped hurriedly into,
the boats and roWed away. The U-boaf
followed and emerged close beside them
The captain was called, having stuck to
the ship because he was at his wits end. |
The vessel was the Invercauld, from
Aberdeen, carrying a cargo of timber,
LAG tons. from Oregon to F1eetwold-
Sedgulls Reap Harpest.
As she was floating on her cargo, thet
prize crew was sent on board to sink herI
through placing an explosive charge be-
low the water line. Thousands of fish.
large and small, were floating about on
the surface Of the water, killed BY the
force Of the explosion. Seagulls were
picking them up without their usual mel
ancholy cry; they were far too busy. The
prize crew took enough for the midday
neal. A big old cod. over a yard in
length, appeals much more strongly to q
eailor's taste than anything small and
delicate, such as a Dream. The vessel
turned slowly over and drifted. keel upper
most. A few more shells were put into
the body Of the ship in order TO sink the
dangerous wreckage. and the U-boat pro-
-eeded toward the east, where three more
ships were sailing along.
Al midday the watch reported tank
steamship sailing directly toward the sub
marine from an EN.E. direction. Hert
payts. bridge and funnel could be seen
ibove the horizon. Tank steamships areI
rerv tough. because they have strong bulk
heads 10 protect their precious cargo; a.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16

has to go through q complicated treat
nent which may be outlined as follows:--
First the coal Is sent over . shaking
screen and all the pieces larger than sig
inches are taken out II the coal il dirty
the large pieces or blocks 80 to picking
table and the slate Is removed II fs
bituminous coal il Is then loaded into rail-
road cars for shipment IL 1t Is anthFaeite
coal It is sent to the crushers TO be broken
TO smaller sizes. The smaller coal which
pa sses through the shaker screens. e
bituminouS coal aud very dirty. Is sent to
n washer where alt the slate iS removed.
The slate, being heavier than coal. settieg
end the cogl is taken off the top, II the
coal is not dirtxthen il q screened On 4
ser Of shaker screens. making the Eises
desired. If the coal II anthracite V II
s~-eeRed in the same manner but Ia hard
nirkN'I before it Is sent to the raiiroA
cn nrs for shipment 3NAn -
The surface plant Of medium siset
coal mine usually consists OF. power
honse in which is generated the enrsetit
nsed for operating the machinery. \ fEiA.
chine shan. q blacksmith shop carpen.
ter shoo. faBshouse. tipple or breaker. In
which the Goa is prepar red For the market:
= sand hopse for drying sand for the loco
nna'Fes. warehouse. office. &c.
The miners who mine the coat are paid
by the ton or car. The men who run the
mining machines are either paid By the
ton. chr or day. The men who Inad the
coal are paid by the ton or car. The tim.
hermen, trackmen. machinists. laboretN.
motormen and their helpetz and the tip
nlemen are paid by the hour. The supef-
intendent. mine foreman. engineers, sta
iionary engine men. firemen. fire bOssea
stable boss. motor boss, warehouse mas
and Sllrfarc hnqr are paid monthly. ~
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16

ming tower and expToded inside Sphnler'
were flying IN all directions. and instrn
ments ard pan"s af sI~s ~ were shattered
In n moment annth"r shell wH''l fole~
land that would ho N cn'l NJ uaT Forever
Water was spIash'ng throrchI rho sh"ti
hole the coming t"r-cr was cle"rod fhf
lower hat 81 81 tho cocks 81 fI' sn"aF
ing tuhas slnt ef' tho e''hin1ri"e No.
connpd from tho low"r POSITION and enn''
into the ShrIteiipg dozen rs Tnv o"e T.
the coming to'~"r v-orrd"ds" Hr" h1d !.
scratch. Fut their f~cos wc-~ i'""k nnd
'he uniforms n SIGH 70 h@''~i' At n
1epth nf fen fathnhls the hnai nuivor"'l af
two sharp evpl siors. The moor shin
wrecked cr"w" hrd tN"own tw" wnte"
bombs behird froro Some lrtnps won
'ho rapid closing o the watrrtieht hnlk
Goods
Nnchire-fr Pef',scs 10 Worb
The connin= to@cr v.rs FIJI ~Fhoor"t
oalIv n submarine can sfili nroreo'l in flt''
Night hut rs yet there iq no man liri.e
who ,.on co4firin th~t theory from his
own cxportuco Owing to tho "vo~ in
cTcas1nG nr"T~i1Tc nt N" Nfl'HF NJ npal
znnk to = depth of fwentv fnthnnls. though
very ounce ueesihle rrs rot out o. the
encinrs Wrf~- rushnd t'ir"-c'' cv@w
crnrk tlai oaa ~. wnfcr'ieht 0rp oft"-
-poth"r impo~f1rf nnrt NJ iliP 'naoliprrr
TO wort, tho oou9r~s. r1s'i" s'"cr.
ing gaar. TO f"ro-rm dir'ng rrr'ilri's
which aisa hnI sfuel, fast 4 wn h"lnw
and Tho triui7in- pr,pns An r'-"u'p'
was rnade 70 cot the sulun" RIM har'7outnlE
hv arnp'vjpg tvn rf thH dicias t'n5s aft
n order 70 make her f~hf~r. She rose . ]
little bun tho ioad If wafer IN her St"rn
row heavier nud heavier and the st, rn
1Ioyr-of ,alvex went wrong u was i'm
1ossihle 70 como ri~hf 70 tho surfnr". for
he enemy was waitiuZ above to fire at
her At dcpth cf Ten fathoms MI thei
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16

deep in the ground it has to be raised
When coal is fowered II Is usually don
| by gravity. but when it has to be raiset
pcwer is required
There are number of ways to let Goa
down the. mountain side. 1t can h
lowered in the mine cars on . sracg. j
the distance is short and not too steer
the coal can be dumped from the mini
car into a chnte and allowed to slir,
down. AT other mines reta riding convey
nrs are used. These are nothing mOrs
than chutes equipped with wire ropes tC
which are attached cast iron disks.
Gravity Expedites Movement Of Coal.
In n few cases coal Is sent down fht
mountains by an aerial tramway. Thi'
consists of two wire rores which hhhr
free Of the ground on which shNrketg rim
sometimes by gravity In other case,
pulled by mower.
When the coal Is 1rep rndPr the GROUND
either shafts or slopes (which IL n shhf'
inclinnd instend of varticnl1 are sunk to
IT, These SHAFTS usnally have .tFn com
uartments for, hoisting the cnal one fot
man wav md ono for nine hRes Tho
law rednires two shafts for each mihc
one for mir and the other for hosting nn'
'lsn N give two independent eRtyanrcS to
tire mine for the men in casr Of accident
T-~h shaf' hoe N he equipprl with p
ladder or stairway.
After arriving a the nlnrt on the sur
face where il is tn be prepared for mar
ket the coal s first weighed, either In
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16

with steel frames, or entirely OF steel an
'ney run on four Wheels which may nav
either plain or roller bearings. These car
haFe capacity OF from one thousand t.
eight thousand pounds. ,1..,.-
If the coal seam is thin it may b,
necessary to take some of the roof dowr
- allow the cars to set into the room.
or loading.
AS soon as the mine cars are loaded
they are taken to side track near the
main heading. Sometimes the cars are
nushed by the miners to the entrance o.
the rooms.
From 4hc side track &, large troIIev In.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16

famine and that even PittsburS, the
home Of everything ''coalIy." according
to the vague idea of the outsider should
have known a shortage As matter Of
fact. the United States is blessed with o
tremendous coal area.
The Country's Coal States.
The tweniy-seven coal States include
Pennsylvania. Maryland. Virginia. West
Virginia. Ohio. Kentucky. Tennessee
Georgia. Alabama. Indiana Michigan.
Illinois. Missouri Arkansas. EanSa
Texas. Iowa. North and Sonth Dakota
Montana. Wyoniius. Colorado Utah.
New Mexico. Washington. Oregon and
California.
Coal lies in the ground in beds. o.
seams. which vary in thickness from n
few inches to more than hundred feei
ir the mammoth seam of Pennsylvania
In the anthracite region the rolls are
more pronounced and run through the
whole field But. even thorgh the en-
tire seam Of GOAL may lie hnrizontally
any part of it may be either flat or per
ReDdicular. when these rolls are nrese1t.
thus increasing the d:ffrultv. of mining
When ccal is found in the maintains
unnels called headings or drifts arr
iriven into the seam of coal.
These headings are usually from ten
10 twelve feet wide. and if the coal is
rot Of sufficient thickness to aIpw them
% be six feet high thcn enough of the
'Ock over the coal is taken to give the
roper height. There are never fewer
han two of these headings and there
ire often as many as four or more
A pair of headings may be turned to the
light as well as the left When the
main heading has been driven IN three
iundred or four hundred feet further. !
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16

1 announced the battle by wireless. also bla
position and course. Soon there would
be destroyers on the scene which would
compel the submarine to submerEe. The
oil apparatus was leaking from the sh6t
pc had received and left a trace on the
surface of the sea where water bombs
would be thrown.
The antehn@ OF the wireless were re-
paired in order to watch enemy wireless
messages. Nothing worth noting was
sent Perhaps a shot had been lucht
enough to carry away the wireless ap-'
p7rotus so that the pursnet could mot
si"-nl: tef lse' . =
The sun stood close over the horizon: -
the chase had lasted moro than thrks.
ho'.rs. The trap was long since out of,
sight and new adversaries had not an.
reared' upon the field. Suddenly shells
burst near the submarine Tho Foxglovs
trying once more. m long aa she
rouid zee her target. "Man the guns ~
t'nce more the gun In the stern had tha
honor of the fight Shells were fired hi
onick succession sometimes there were AZ
many as three in the air together. The
shots SooH reached tho mark. and tht'
other vessel again took M . slF.sks
course. The backsieht and defIecttahe
were quickly changed and hit after his
was mnrkNd. Then the Ionked for ba:f
IT black smoke appeared on the destroyer's
Iuper works. and several shells failed ~
raise tile expected column Of water. Tha
'n0my censcd fire, turned ab0ut. ana fol.
lowed only at a respectful distance. AZ
hour later he had entirely disappeared
nto the darkness.
Later on. standing IN the wardnoOfr,
NAM opinions were exchnnaed. No doubt
I ns a case Of Iuck-extraordinary Tikk
OR the story might have had a very dle
ie-ent ending. eE
IThe account ieds toritten Befops 1Ss
Introduction Of certain doUltes NoaO ~
ffecfiUe Use P.
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16

eaai Il the opinion of persons versed in
de eoai business Vessels are supplied
VIM ssai, which is stored in bunkers- and
10 arises the term bunker coal. but fac
tories are supplied with coal which is
stored IN bins or cellars, and yet it is not
seaTaed bin or cellar coal The tern
banker coal Ii is declared by dealers, is
an iuveatiOn of the laity. which is always
determined to be technical about every
thing or die in the attempt
Rcugaly speaking. the mining engineer
recognizes three kinds of eoal-anthrseite
hstunninous and ighite. The last men
toned i not seen in the East. but is much
nsed in the West The anthracite is use,l
. used BY the private consumer n the East
and the bihiminons is fised By most
factories. power houses. railways and yes
sela There are many grades of coal
which fit in between these main divisions
bat whose variations are Of importance
only to special groups of consumers
II yen were to ask TIE average con-
Sswer where his coal comes from he
would probably say pennsylvania. $
Indeed. so largely is pennsylvania re
garded as \ coal State that it was a mat
ter Of some amazement TO many that
PhTadelpbia has suffered during the eoaIl
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16

HE sea was calm, with q
slight mist toward the
west; the first simmer Of
dawn began to appear in
A the east In the clear
Atmosphere the lights Of Ireland shone
Eeariy and seemed nearer than they really
we're. Two steamships passed, huggins the
eoastv escorted By a destroyer. The light
was unfavorable for both night and day
attack, SO the submarine set out seaward,
toward the spot where red port light was
cleaning. A small sailing vessel detached
ttself from the morning haze. 1t was
scarcely worth while. She could hardly be
destroyed in that tide. Perhaps her time
Would come later in the day. But in the
light something approached moving very
quickly. 1t was a destroyer. alarm
FloOd forward compartment. submerge to
ten fathoms." The destroyer did not
sight the U-boat and had no idea Of what
was happening, but made speedily for
home. Twenty minutes later it was light
enough to take sharp look around
through the periscope. The captain rang
through to the engine room. Proceed at
twelve knots" Nothing 10 be seen except
the sailing. vessel. "Rise 20 the surface,
half speed in an easterly course"
The rising sun shed glorious lights Oh
the snow deeked hills at Miaehead. Att
st. Brides the masts Of n big sailing yes.
eel appeared above the horizon. At dis
tance Of about two miles she was stopped
short BY two shells. Her head sails
backed and the vessel hove 70. She let
down her boats, which then lay alongside |
the vessel The J-boat submerged in
order 30 take a near survey from place Of
safety. for nowadays there are many traps
for Submarines, A quarter Of an hour
later the submarine was within three hun- I
anod yards Of the ship The eaters were
still lying alongside, and on the poop of
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16
By D. c. ASHMEAD.

NE hears a great deal
about bunker cos
nowadays, but one
does not hear it from
coal men
1t is just as correc.
to talk about cellar
East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current, 1918-03-16

HE sea was calm, with a
slight mist toward the
west; ; the first simmer of
dawn began to appear in
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-12
HOUSES FoR SALE
HOUSES FURNISHED

HOUSES FOR SALE IS
BALTIMORE, s--For sale by owner
good home For full Information phone
al95. during busnest hours
BUNGALOW For sale by owner nice
rev, 4room bungalow in Kendall good
water cheap; easy terms, Phone g92
BELLVtEW ADDITiON--F -Five.room bunra.
low just ready 10 occupy, beautiful deco.
rations and Fighting fStuTe,. basement.
beautiful cast front iull-siis lot, fine
shsde. near Mornngside. price s.. 500.
easy terns II A Rosc Phone 64a2
BUNGALOW IS room. living room across
entire front nice msntei and fixtures.
builtin features, screened perch beau.
hipl decorations, garage and driveway.
Price $4,000, $1,000 cash handles II
Rose. Phone G4a2 a2--
CHOTCE South side room cottage. hard
wood floors nicely furnished: sN FOR
IS 500 d 600 cash Phone 36ls
CHEYENNE. NORTH. HIS Eight room
moderl compet In every way garage.
servant STARTERS, etc. Good terms II
desired. South Side: Excellent 3 room
modern real home near Horace Mann
school Good terms Cg'l ow-tr OF
at residence, ll7j n. Gu. seane..
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-12

sPl FNplD Groom modern bungalow. In
one Of hest blocks o east side price
s1 400. $1,000 cash, balance easy Phone
2fin. .BOTB
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-12
a. sALr oR EXCHANGE

MINERAL LEAsES-For sale or trade,
near late strike spavinaw Hills Okla.
You Sirkpess Call az Grand rooms
liA West Second
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-01-03
Cut in Delivery Systems to Save
Work of 100000 Men and Animals

NeWs-Iimes Special Service:
INDIANAPOLIS. Jan. Waste
labor.-156,00O men and 10000
animals employed unnecessarily in
delivering packages TO American
homes from American dealers.-is
TO be released for essential. war
work under the system suggested by
the commercial economy board Of
the council Of national defense.
Further. il is the plan OF the
council Of national defense, working
through the state and county de-
Tense councils, TO bring about ad-
justments in such a way that when
men employed in delivery work are
taken for military duty it will not be
necessary for merchants 20 call
other men from the really essential
forms Of war service TO carry pack
ages which the purchase. might
easily carry. Men who can be used
in agriculture, mining, transporta-
ton, ship building and the like. have
no business delivering packages in
the war period. according TO the
federal governments dictum.