davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
'WAMPUM," THE
INDIAN MONEY

Here is the story of "Wampum,'
the first money to be use in the Uni
ted States.
It consisted of clam shells, little
tubes carved out of clay, beads and
the like. All these the indians call
ed by the general name Of Wam-
pun, and when the white man set
foot upon these shores he found he
wanpum convenient foE his use, not
only in trading with the Indians but
with other whites. The Indian name
was sewan, but the European immi-
grants gave this legal tender the
name of wampum, by which it has
been known ever since.
Wampum was not entirely devoid
of intrinsic value. Most OF the
shells from which it was made were
rare. These were made largely into
beads, highly polished and strung
en- strings. Chiefs, sachems, and
medicine men wore great strings of
these beads on ceremonious occa-
sions. Every treaty was corroborat-
ed by laying down belts of beads.
Friendships were cemented and alli-
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

Later the angry proprietor sat down
to write note and possibly for rea-
sons of economy used a sheet Of the
condemped paper. I'll his increased
annoyance the ink spread all over
the paper and he was about to give
up in disgust when the thought
struck him that it might be possible
to use the paper for absorbing ink
in place of the sand then universal
ly used. After some successful ex-
perimenting he was able to dispose
of his entire damaged stock under
the name Of blotting paper.
From that time on blotting paper
came into general use. At first it
was always pink in color, red rags
being used. Red was g. fast color
and difficult to bleach, hence the red
rags were useless in manufacturing
writing paper. But as the color of
blotting paper did not interfere
with it's usefulness, red or pink, was
q good a color as any other, and
thus provided a means of utilizing
otherwise waster material.-Ex.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
MY SONG AND |.

My song and I, when Aprils all a.
culver,
Fare forth to find some shy, un-
trodden place,
Often along the quiet, dreaming
river,
With Springs new glory fresh up
on our face:-
Fair fields below, above, the blu
est sky,
AS we 60 forth, my song and I.
Sometimes we meet a beggar on the
way,
Needy of aims in plenteous world
like this,
And forth to him our scanty coins
we pay,
And then behold the space is filled
with bliss
Adown the vale and up to yonder
sky,
As we fare forth, my song nd l.
Somehow, the tulip burns a deeper
red,
The rose has shyer sweetness in
it's facet
I feel a deeper blessing rest upon
my head,
And more of God and Joy in ev-
cry place:
Wher'er our path may lead, both
low and high,
AS we 60 forth, my song and I.
When twilight leans from out the
blue and slips
It's nameless glow upon the sunset
there,
The face of Gladness lifts her ruddy
. lips
For US to kiss-Ahi face surpass-
ing fair
Gods glory seems forever passing
by, !
AS we go forth, my song and /.
H. E. Harman.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

ances and marriages were always
solemnized with an exchange of
wampum. ., - ...
Wampum was not entirely devoid
of white and dark purple. The white
was made from the edge of the
clam shells and the purple made
from the shells heart. and was
worth double the white. Consider
able labor cost went into the manu-
facture of wampum, for a writer in
the year 1714 tells US: Cali wan
pun is made of shells which are
found on the coast of Carolina,
which are very large and hard, so
they are very difficult to cut" He
adds that "some English smiths
have tried to drill this sort of shell
money and thereby thought to get
advantage, but it proved so hard
that nothing could be gained"
When f. an Indian was buried,
strings of wampum were always
placed in the grave with him for
convenience in purchasing the neces-
sary supplies in the next world, and
for use as tips to various minor
Indian dieties, who the Indians be-
lieved were as greedy as modern
head walters.
In 1641 the use of wampum was
legalized by the common council of
New Amsterdam, now New York.
This was next followed by an epi-
demic of counterfeiting, which
caused great deal of difficulty and
led to the rapid depreciations of
wampum as a medium of exchange.
Old Peter Stuyvesant pegged around
en- his wooden leg and did his best
to solve the problem by declaring
unstrung wampum no. longer, to be
legal tender. This was going to
the opposite extreme, and the little
Dutch colony came near financial
panic. Six months later loose and
imperfect wampum had to be de-
clared legal tender.
In Massachusetts wampum be-
came legal tender in 164O, but
twenty-one years later the coming
of silver was authorized, and this
more stable medium soon drove
wampum beads out of circulation.
After the Revolutionary war
money was so scarce that wampum
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

here and there <as money until the
nineteenth century, and, I: indeed
wampum in various forms, inclnda
ing pipes and moons, were5 considz
erably used in the United States unss
til as late as 1880. s.:sss sss
The financial requirements Of the
Revolutionary war resulted in The
establishing of Americas first banks
The initial undertaking was the
Bank of Pennsylvania, which waal
started in July, 1880. It was 3desS
scribed by the well-known financies
Morris as nothing more than pa-sI
triotic subscription of continental
money for the purpose of purchase!
ing provisions for starving army u
In the decade 1780-1790, three 9TH
er financial institutions were laun-l
ched; the Bank of New York, Mas
sachusetts Bank and the Bank OF
North America. This latter is gem
orally considered to be the first bank
in the United States and was icapl-
talized at $1O,OO0,O00. Actual subs
scriptions, however, were very hard
to secure and only $4,000 was OBJ
tanned. This government contri-
buted 100000 in specie. 5s:
The New York Stock Exchange
has been traced back to a meetings
of twenty-four brokers under a treeS
opposite 60 Wall Street, May M,s
1892. The purpose of the meetingls
was to agree on uniform commis-
sions. Thereafter the brokers met8
at "Tontine Coffee House." Wall
and Water streets. The final or
ganization of the Stock Exchange
was completed in 1877. The Phlia7s +is
delphia Stock Exchange also started;
in coffee house. 5s
The malodrous "bucketshop" reg
ceived its name from England. On
the east side of London loafers hadg
a custom of going from street to-
street and draining every keg OF
beer they could find. The liquor was &. !.
placed in a bucket. After it was
filled the hard characters retired 70
some out of the way corner and ca 8
reused, passing the bucket from one s
TO another. The term "bucketshop /;
at first meaning assemblages OF TINS
kind. came to be applied to any es-s;
tablishment of doubtful reputation. g /:
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
VALENTINES.

Valentines seem to be popular
with everybody. Those in love take
that method of telling their friends
of their deep feeling. The comic
ones are for another reason. John
Phiefer, who is in Jail for being in
connection with that still that was
run down, sent a real live Valentine
to Deputy Marshal Bruce. Ask him
to show it to you if you want to
have q good laugh.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
J. C. RAINES.

J. C.. Raines, one of our progress
sive farmers, who lives near the city
had quite an experience on Sunday
afternoon. A pure bred bull on his
place got obstreperous and gave
him a chase. 1t might have proved
serious if it had not been for the
timely aid of his young son, j. c.
Jr. Fhe only injury sustained was
broken rib.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
BEAUFORD.BLANCHETT.

On the evening of Feb. 18th, Mr..
Geo. F. Beauford and Miss Eva
Blanchett were married at the home
of R. M. Tucker of Calhoun Falls.
They were both of Calhoun Falls
and will make this place their home
in the future. Contributed.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
BLOTTlNG PAPER.

Blotting paper, like many another
valuable discovery, was found en-
tirely by accident. One day in a
paper mill in Berkshire, England, a
careless workman forgot to put in
the sizing and it was necessary to
throw out the entire lot as spoiled.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
MRS. v. D. LEE.

Mrs. V. D. Lee is in the city Wis
iting her son, Mr.. w. A. Lee and
Mrs. Lee. She has been spending
the winter in Atlantic City. Mrs.
Lee looks fine and seems to be en-
joying good health.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
TO ATLANTA.

Mr.. and Mrs. Hoyt DeadWyler are
moving to Atlanta to make their
home. Abbeville has been their
home for the past twelve or more
years and during that time they have
made many good and lasting friends
who regret that they are leaving.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
BAPTIST CHURCH NOTICE

There will be services in the Bap
tist Church on Sunday morning a!
the regular hour. On Tuesday ev
ening the Oyster Supper for the
men of the church which has beer
deferred so long on account of the
bad weather will be given.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
BETHIA RED CROSS.

Mrs. Joe Link of Bethia, chairman
of the Red Cross Auxiliary of Be-
thia, was in the city this week and
took out 35 bed shirts and enough
wool for IL pairs of socks. This So
ciety has now a membership of Is
ladies'.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
MINIMUM WHEAT
PRICE FAVORED

Washington, Feb. 19.-The SEN
ate Agriculture Committee today
favorably reported the Gore bill to
increase the minimum price of
wheat from 50 to $3.50 a bushcl.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
THE BOOK CLUB.

The regular meeting of the book
club was held Wednesday morning
at the home of Mrs. G. S. Jones.
The time was pleasantly spent and
the club resolved to continue meet
ing and enjoying the books.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
MISS CHARLOTTE BROWN.

Miss Charlotte Brown was taken
to DR.. Pryor's hospital this week
and operated on Wednesday. She
stood the operation fine and is doing
nicely. Her friends are delighted
that she is doing well and hope that
she will soon return home.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
~
= CANDIDATES ANNOUNCED =
~
(All advertisements in this column
cash in advance.)

J. ALLEN LONG is hereby an
nounced as a candidate for Mayor
in the coming Democratic primary
election, subject to the rules of the
party and he pledges himself to
abide it's result.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22
BIRTHS.

Born-At Winnsboro, S. c., Feb.
Is, 1918, to Mr.. and Mrs. J. B.
Doty, a daughter.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

George Wilson of Warrenton, was
here for awhile Tuesday on business
Mr.. and Mrs. William Elliott of
Thomasville, N. c., are the guests
Of Mr.. and Mrs. Fred S. Hill.
M. W. Smith was on the streets
Tuesday for awhile. He lives near
the city.
John Harris left this week for
Waco, Texas, where he will be with
the Motor Truck Co.
Mr.. J. A. Verchott has returned
to the city after last week spent in
Alabama with his mother.
Mrs. Frances Henry leaves this
week to visit her daughter, Mrs. ].
B. Doty in Winnsboro.
Mrs. I. E. Culbreth spent the
weekend in Greenwood with Mrs.
N. E. Wilson.
Mrs. A. B. Morse has returned to
the city from visit to st. Peters
burg, Florida.
Mrs. Sarah Martin of Spartanburg
is here spending a few days with
the family of her son, Mr.. J. W.
Martin.
Mrs. Sarah Weinraub of Calhoun
Falls, was in the city Tuesday for
the day shopping in our stylish
stores.
B. S. Robinson of Hodges, was in
our office Monday. He renewed his
subscription to The Press and Ban
ner. Mr.. Robinson is farmer and
believes in living at home by rails
ing all of his own supplies.
Mrs. Assenth Sherard was so un-
fortunate as to fall and injure her
leg recently. 1t is probable that
she broke it. DR.. Pressly and Mr..
W. C. Sherard went up to Iva on
Sunday to see her. She seems to
be getting on all right.
E. W. Hunt, Of Verdery, was
here this week. He says although
he has moved his family to another
county his heart is still here. He
likes to trade with our merchants
and even if he is nearer to Green
wood, he intends to still shop here.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

Mr.. w. H. White returned yester-
day from the Northern markets.
Mrs. Prince of Antreville, was I'M
town yesterday shopping.
Miss Eliza Mabry is at home
from a visit to Rock Hill.
Miss Helen Pratt was here from
Pratt's Station yesterday.
Deputy Sheriff j.. E.. Jones went
over to Calhoun Falls on business
this week. s., .....
Miss Lottie Klutz is visiting Mrs.
Claude Edwards at the Community
House. go.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Bell of Antre-
vile, were here for the day yester-
Irvene Cleckley of Lowndes-
vile, was noted on the streets here
Wednesday.
Mrs. Mamie Knox McAdams of
Antreville, was in the city shopping
yesterday.
Mrs.IJas. S. Cochran has returned
to the city from her spring trip
North to buy goods.
Mrs. J. M. Anderson is expected
home this week from the North,
where she went to buy goods, -
Messrs. L. W. Williamson, Zema
Williamson, y Robert A. Haynes. J, F.
Gunnells and Cliff Donald were in
the city yesterday. ,.,.
Mrs. Claud Edwards is quite ill
at the Community House. Her
friends hope that she will soon be
able to be out among them again.
Mrs. S. E. Young of Commerce,
Ca, is here spending awhile with
Mrs. Fannie Milford. She will be
here until sometime in March.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bedford Davis went
to Florida this, week on a pleasure
trip. They will visit several of the
leading cities
Mrs. R. Kirkwood went up to
Chester Monday and had her hand
operated on Tuesday. She is get
ting on fine and will soon return to
her work at the store.
Miss Marie Mckenzie was in Phil
son and Henry's Wednesday supply
ing Miss Lucia Woodhurst's place
while she was in Atlanta.
Misses Lucia and, Ruth Woodhurst
and Mrs. Jas. Woodhurst and Mrs.
C. B. Wilson went over to Atlanta
Wednesday for the day.
J. W. Martin came over from
Howells, where he is working in
the shops, to spend a few days with
his family at Mrs. Agnes Pennal's.
Misses Lizzie and Alice Penney
and little Miss Margaret and Master
Emory Penney spent Sunday at
Shafon with the family of Mr.. John
Penney.
Mrs. w. H. White leaves Monday,
accompanied by her little daughter,
Edna, for Chester, where they go
for medical attention. Friends hope
both will return well and strong.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

Mrs. S. E. Young of Commerce,
Ca, is here spending awhile with
Mrs. Fannie Milford. She will be
here until sometime in March.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

Mrs. w. H. White leaves Monday,
accompanied by her little daughter,
Edna, for Chester, where they go
for medical attention. Friends hope
both will return we'll and strong.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

Mrs. Claud Edwards is quite i'll
at the Community House. Her
friends hope that she will soon be
able to be out among them again.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

Mr.. and Mrs. Bedford Davis went
to Florida this, week on pleasure
trip. They will visit several of the
leading cities.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

Mrs. R. Kirkwood went up to
Chester Monday and had her hand
operated on Tuesday. She is get
ting on fine and will soon return to
her work at the store.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

Miss Marie Mckenzie was in Phil
son and Henry's Wednesday supply
ing Miss Lucia Woodhurst's place
while she was in Atlanta.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

Misses Lucia and, Ruth Woodhurst
and Mrs. Jas. Woodhurst and Mrs.
C. B. Wilson went over to Atlanta
Wednesday for the day.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

Messrs. L. w. Williamson, Zema
Williamson, y Robert A. Haynes. J, F.
Gunnells and Cliff Donald were in
the city yesterday. ,.,. -
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

Mrs. j.. N. Anderson is expected
home this week from the North,
where she went to buy goods: - .
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

J. W. Martin came over from
Howells, where he is working in
the shops, to spend a few days with
his family at Mrs. Agnes Pennals.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

Misses Lizzie and Alice Penney
and little Miss Margaret and Master
Emory Penney spent Sunday at
Sharon with the family of Mr.. John
Penney.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

Mrs. Jas. S. Cochran has returned
to the city from her spring trip
North to buy goods.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1918-02-22

Mrs. Mamie Knox McAdams of
Antreville, was in the city shopping
yesterday.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-08
STANDARD PRESENTED TO 123D INFANTRY

Macon. Ga, August 7.-(Special) National regimental colors were pre- scented to the 12Sd infantry, formerly the First Alabama infantry, with a2- propriate exercises at Camp Wheeler this afternoon. Funds for the purchase of the flags were raised by the United Daughters of the Confederacy of Ala bama, and Chairman Mrs F. H. El- more of Millbrook, Ala. said money came in so freely over s100 in excess of the sum needed was received. Capt. Leon Schwarz of Mobile was master ot ceremonies, introducing the speakers.
 Presentation of the colors was by Capt. James S. Parrish of Montgom- cry Chaplain Crosby of Mobile, ac- cepted the colors General Leroy Lyon and his staff and General Stei- ner and his staff were in the division grandstand. The Alabama regiment now contains 1000 men from Alabams and 5000 from Illinois and Michigan. A regimenta1 review followed and at it's conclusion General Lyon told Captain Parrish to tell the people of Alabama they were worthi1y represented by their regiment in the Dixie division. There was a reception and supper at regimental headquarters after the re- view and a dance tonight at the Idle hour Country club.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-08
GOVERNMENT WILL ADOPT A POLICY
 OF CONSERVATION
Few Changes in Passenger Train Schedules to Be Made By Off,
 cials in Charge

Under government control of the railroads 1t is understood few changes in schedules of trains will be made, once satisfactory schedules are put into effect. By stabilizing schedules of passenger trains it is said thou sands of dollars will be saved in the matter of printed folders alone.
 It has been the custom of the rail- roads in the past to issue thousands of new folders every time a change in schedules is made, even where only one train is affected, apd in many iE- stances the change in that train very slight, perhaps few minutes earlier or later in arriving or departing from a terminal station.
 Another conservation policy adopted is the dispensing with colored covers for the folders. In the past every rail- way system had a different colored folder cover, some with fancy engray- ings that cost large sums of money. The issues of these folders often ran as high as 10000 or 50,000 copies, and with three or four changes year this item of cost alone ran into large fig ures.
 The railroad administration has dis ing a plain white cover with black lettering, with the date of issue at the top and request at the bottom for the persons taking one to keep II and not to throw 1t away.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-08
|FOCH'S OFFENSIVE
 IS MOST BRILLIANT
 IN WAR ANNALS
Continued from Page One,

has been mainly responsible for that complete triumph which could not have been secured and maintained without gigantic efforts in men and material Any distribution of resources which would im- pair in the elast the effort would be ruinous to the forces of the allies. T would like to point out, in dealing with the army and it's growth that the maintenance of the navy and the mer- cantile marine is the first charge on the resources of the country. Our military (effort has been subject to the demands of those obligations on our resources in men and material, yet since August, 1914, in cluding those already with the colors, Great Britain also has raised for the army and the navy 6,250.O00 men, for the most part voluntarily. The dominons contributed 100000 and. India 1,25o,oo0-
 If America were to call to the coiors the same number of men as Great Brit ain in proportion to population it would mean nearly 15,000,000 men,
 America already has a powerful. large and victorious army in France, the equal of the best troops. It is growing every day and there will be no break in the increase of that army until America has an army not far short, if at all inferior in numbers, to the German army itself
 Germany never again can maintain the same number of divisions that she has. She now is begging for Austrian support. The German people and their allies are beginning to be disiliusioned. In March Germany was promising great things--and the peace tentacles from her allies were withdrawn. That promise has failed. The German har- vest is short. Militarily the Germans have passed the height of their power, Russia moreover, has become a clog to the feet of Germany
 There are three events which prove that the German military caste still holds sway. First was the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty by which the German high com mand swept aside Won Hertling, Voh Kuehlmann and Czernin and imposed 9 drastic and humiliating peace on Rus sia. Second. there was the humiliating and enslaving peace imposed on Ru- mania. Third, there was the sweeping from office of yon Kuehlmann after his Reichstag speech.
 T am believer in a league of na- tions, but its success must depend on the conditions under which it is set up The people who made the war still are there in Germany and they cannot have peace as long as they Dredominate in the councils of the enemy'
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-08-08
BUSINESS MANAGER ID BE NAMED WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD

Regional Adviser T. H. Aldrich of the resources and conversions section of the war industries board, received notice yesterday that the state of Louisiana had been divided into II districts by the manufacturers com mittee. and that each of the districts has been organized
 The Tennessee chairman advised MT. Aldrich that his state had been diwided into 16 districts. and that organizations were being perfected in eacn ol ,Ae~,. Mississippi, according to reports, is being organized along similar lines
 At the meeting of manufacturers in Birmingham last Monday it was ds- cided to have but one organization in this state, but it is believed that it will be only a short time until a di- vision of the state into several districts will be necessary. c. w. Connors, state chairman, and the executive com mittee of nine members elected at this meeting will select business man ager in the near future who will rep resent the interests of the manufac- turers and operators in all matters per . taining to war work. They have not yet announced the name of the busi- ness manager. if they have selected him but it will probably not be many days until he will be selected.
 The work of converting the nones- sential industries into war produce 8 plants is proceeding gradually, ac- cording to reports, and at the present rate it will be only a short time un. til, all manufacturing concerns in the state. and in fact, all employers Of labor, will be working on essentials