Trench and camp. ([Admiral, Md.) 1917-1919, 1918-06-27

francs joseph auuO00CGu tnG 1AaLkG&~
alton Of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
IL was feared for q time that this
action would precipitate a general
European war. Serbia and Montene-
gro were bitterly stirred. Much de.
pended upon Russia. But she was
only too recently recovering from
wars prostration to engage in gen.
eral conflict.
bassador at St. Petersburg, with an
autograph letter from the Kaiser. pre-
scented himself to the Gear. Russia
Immediately reversed herself. Sne
adopted the view of Austria and Ger
many. Bulgarian independence under
Gear Ferdinand was recognized ana
compensation for the Sultan's rights
IN the province was agreed upon.
With this came the conclusion OF the
Young Turks revolt in the deposs.
ton Of Abdul Hamid II.
The settlement of the dispute over
Bosnia and Herzegovina was seen to
be but temporary adjustment. More
significant than all else was the std
den emergence of Germany as the az
bitter of Europe.
Germany had sanctioned the vicla-
ton of international law. She had
shown that no dependence could be
placed upon her own or her allies
observance of treaty obligation, for
Austria's whole procedure was in vio-
lation Of International agreement.
Little Serbia, reused by the annexa-
ton of Bosnia and Herzegovina, to-
wards the acquisition of which she had
looked for the development of
greater Serbia, made representations
to the powers. She hoped to gain
some concessions. But she was met
only with stern refusals, and it was
not until March 81, 1909, that she
finally accepted terms of concilia-
tory declaration suggested by Britain.
In 1911 Morocco again demanded
Europe's attention and German ag-
gression almost brought about the
war. Germany insisted that the
French military occupation was un.
justified and she demanded territorial
concessions elsewhere. To reinforce
her demand she sent a gunboat to
Algeciras.
England became involved. She
made a formal protest that she had
not been consulted and declared she
would recognize no agreement in
which she did not have voice. Feel
ing against England ran high in Ger
many and diplomatic exchanges con.
tinued for many days. Then Lloyd
George condemned the exclusion OF
England from the negotiations and de-
clared that peace at that price would
be intolerable.
GERMANY DEFERS THE WAR
Germany soon afterward announced
that she had no intention of establish
ing herself in Morocco and repudiated
the idea of injuring British interests.
Finally Frances protectorate was rec.
ognized but she ceded some Congo
basin territory.
The incident disclosed two facts
FIRST, that the Entente between Eng
land and France was no illusory thing
but an actual alliance; second, that
Germany, while obviously eager to be.
gin the great war had determined IL
wiser to wait. England looked to the
naval programmes and found Germany
building with frantic haste.
First Morocco; then the Balkans
this seemed to be the order, and in
1912 Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro and
Greece modified against Turkey.
The powers of Europe, balanced by
the Triple Alliance and the Triple En-
tente, served notice on the beIiger-
ents that the territorial status QUO
must remain unaltered. But il was
soon apparent that this could not be.
for Turkeys collapse was complete.
The great powers could not look ON
disinterestedly with such division Of
spoils. Austria prepared for mobilisa.
ton; Russia took similar steps. Then
Turkey asked the powers to mediate.
An armistice was declared: but mn
agreement seemed possible and hostil.
titles were resumed In March of 1918
the terms offered by the powers were
accepted by Turkey. The war wae
declared ended. But Serbia and
Greece declared war on Bulgaria. In
June OF that year peace was f.aally
arranged by the intervention of the
Car Of Russia.
The Balkan situation now fouaA
Serbia with new national enthusiasm
with strengthened military prestige
and with increased territorial holdinSl
Her new national enthusiasm implied
commercial ambitions and q conse.
quent desire for port on the Adriafie
When the Archduke was killed In
Sarajevo Il was not to avenre l,ia
death that the ulEimatum was sent AZ.
Serbia. Germany had decided that Ina
moment was at hand to strike. Aus