davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
SIXTY-SEvEN OF
CREW MISSING.
British Steamer Is Sunk by u
Boat 700 Miles East of
Delaware Capes.
VESSEL BOUND WEST
Ship Was Under American Charter as
Transport, But Had No Troops on
Board.-Submarine Torpedoes
Ship and Then Uses Guns.

Washington, June 26.-The frs
troop ship has been sunk by German
submarine operating on this side oil
the Atlantic ocean.
The Navy department announced
that British transport, under charter
by the American government and
bound to this country, had been de-
stroyed June Is, some 700 miles east
OF the Delaware capes and that 81
members of the crew are missing.
There were no troops aboard.
The troop ship apparently was not
under convoy. The submarine was not
seen until torpedo had struck the
ship. Afterwards the submersible rose
to the surface and fired 10 shots into
the sinking vessel. When the steamer
settled, the crew took to the boats, the
occupants Of four of which, numbering
81 men, have been landed Three
boats are missing and a search is be-
ing made for them.
Further Raids May Be Intended.
The fact that the British vessel was
sunk far off the coast led officials to
believe she had either encountered a
home-bou1d submarine that had been
operating in American waters, or else
one that was bound here for further
raids on shipping. The fact that the
sea wolves that first appeared off the
coast last month had not been heard
from since June IA. caused most Off
GERS to hold to the first theory.
The last sinkings reported off the
coast occurred some 80 miles east of
the Virginia capes and it was argued
that in the four days elapsi1g before
the British transport was sent down
the submarine would have had ample
time to reach the position where the
troop ship was sunk.
Name Not Officially Announced
The vessel destroyed was sold to
have been tn former Russian steamer
Dwinsk, but the Navy department was
not permitted to make the name pub
lie, under an agreement with the Brit
ish admiralty. The Dwilsk Is under
stood to have been in British service
and chartered to the United States to
expediate the movement of American
troops to- France.
Of the four boats from the steamer
accounted for, two were found by
steamer and their occupant taken to
Hampton Road and the fourth by
sailing vessel, which landed he crew
at Bermuda.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
YANkS IN new SECTOR
Occupy Trenches In AIsace Close
to German Line.
Americans Taken Prisoners Near st,
Die Disclose Occupation to the
Enemy.

With the American Armies II
France, June 26.-It is now permits
sible to announce that American
troops are holding mountainous csc.
tor southeast of st. Die, where the
battle line crosses from Lorraine into
German territory.
Our men have been in the trenches
here since the LIST of June, but no men.
ton of their presence was allowed
until the Germans had made the dis
covery themselves. This occurred
when an enemy raid on this sector
resulted in two Americans being cap
tured.
Enemy Shells TouI Sector.
Another boche raid near Baccarat,
between ST. Die and Luneville, result
ed in the capture of other American
prisoners.
German artillery was quite active
north of Toul, probably in retaliation
for the Smelling our gunners gave
their rear areas a few hours before
An air battle occurred over Thiau-
court (behind Tou1) without losses on
either side.
Americans Near Markirch.
st. Die is Is miles south Of Badon-
viller and is about seven miles from
the nearest point of the German from
tier. 1t is three miles behind the AL
lied lines. The battlefront crosses the
border approximately 10 miles south
east of Diedolshauser. The nearest
German town is Markirch,
six miles northeast of the American
sector. This sector is about 40 miles
north of the American posi-
tions east of Belfort, near the Swiss
border.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
Pluekx Soldier Honored.

London, June 25.-Three hundred
officers and men and 20 nurses of the
British army and navy were invested
with honors by King George at Buck
ingham Palace. Admiral Keyes and
Wemyes were created Knight Com
mander of the Bath. The Victoria
Cross was bestowed on Sergeant Car
michael. He saw a grenade, with a
close burning fuse and Immediately
clamped his eteel helmet upon it. He
then stood on the rim OF the helme...
and awaited the explosion Though
wounded he saved many comrades.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
kanaka Princess Guilty

Honolulu, June 26.-''Princess" The
resa BelliveaG was found guilty in
the territorial circuit court of con-
spring to commit forgery in connec-
ton with the filing of will alleged
to have been signed by the late Queen
Liliuokalani. This will, naming The
resa Belliveau chief beneficiary, was
called forgery and thrown out of
court by Judge c. w. Ashford last
year. H. Keakoha, one of the wit
nesses to the fraudulent will, was
found guilty Of conspiracy to commit
subornation Of perjury.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
Haig's Men Take Prisoners.

London, June 26-Successful raiding
operation in various sectors of the
Picardy and Flanders fronts were re-
ported by Field Marshal Haig. Cana
dian troops raided enemy trenches at
Neuville-Vitasse, taking % prisoners
and six machine guns, the statement
said. A few prisoners and a machine
gun were taken in a raid south of the
Scarpe. Hostile artillery was active
between Villers-Bretonneux and Nor
lancourt, also south of Ayion and west
of Merville, gas shells being employed.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
Irish Urged to Join Army.

Dublin. June 25.-The Irish recruit
ing council, in issuing its manifesto
calling for soldiers, emphasized the
difference between this appeal and
former efforts along the same line.
The council points out that this cam
paign is being conducted by Irishmen
among their own people and in their
own way. This island is only the
cradle of our race" the manifesto de-
clares. "The greater Ireland beyond
the seas, from San Francisco to New
York, is heart and soul behind the
men In Flanders"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
Gunner Mate Wins Praise.

Washington, June 26.-Chief Gum
ner's Mate Harry R. Chambers Of At.
lanta, Ca, commander of the naval
armed guard on an American steamer,
was commended by Secretary Daniels
for efficient conduct in an engagement
between his vessel and an enemy sub
marine on May IL. After the SUBJ
marine had unsuccessfully fired four
torpedoes. Chambers gun crew opened
up and fired four shots at the under
sea craft, the fourth shot striking the
coming tower as the U-Boat sub
merged.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
MAY RAISE PRICE ON WHEAT

Authority Given For Increase To.
Absorb Higher Freight Change.
Washington, June 25.-The food ad-
ministration's grain corporation in
New York has blanket authority to
government price of 1920 bushel,
subject to the approval of the food
administrator.
1t also was authorized to increase
its capital stock from $5O,000,O00 to-
$150,O00,000, the Increased ISSUE to be
taken by the government
1t was assumed that the primary
purpose was to absorb the increased
freight rates, and thus insure to grow.
ers at least as great margin of profit
as they now make.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
WAR LOAN PROVES FAILURE
Turkey May Resort to Issue of New
Paper Money

Washington June 25.-Failure of
the latest Turkish loan was reported
in dispatch from Switzerland an
louncing that only s60,O0O,OOO was OBJ
tanned of $1OO,OOO,0OO sought.
Germany already has advanced to
the Ottoman empire nearly 100000
600. The Swiss dispatch says it is
predicted the Turks will now have to
issue new paper money, which will
further affect the rate of exchange.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
62 AMERICANS ARE KILLED
Die In Battle While Sixty-eight Are
Wounded.

Washington, June 26.-The last
army casualty list contained 81 names
divided as follows:
Killed in action, "a; died of wounds,
z; died of accident and other causes,
q; died of airplane accident, 1; died
of disease, 5; wounded severely, 26;
wounded, degree undetermined, 2.
The marine corps casualty list Con-
tanned 10 names, divided as follows
Killed in action, 8; died of wounds, l.;
wounded severely, 10.
Sergt. F. j. Terpa, Minneapolis, and
Private A. R. Frazier, Minneapolis,
both members of the marines, are list
ed as severely wounded.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
Fifteen Hundred Homeless.

Cleelum, Wash, June 26.-The COM
bined efforts of the Cleelum and Ell
lensburg fire departments were I'M
equal to the task of checking fire
which swept the heart of the business
district and ten blocks of residences
here. Authorities estimate 1900 per-
sons are homeless and placed the
property loss at more than $1,000, 900.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
Women Chemists in Demand.

Washington, June 25.-Women chem.
lists are now in great demand, accord
ing to Chicago chemist, Mrs. w. S.
Hefferen of the committee on courses
of instruction, women's Committee,
council of national defense, Illinois d.
vision. "As result of the draft labor
atories have to draw from a greatly
depleted body of men. Women are
especially fitted for chemical or tech
nical work in the laboratories of bak-
cries, food manufactures, canning and
preserving companies and in manufac-
turing or handling textiles"
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
PEACE AT RUsSIA'S EXPENSE
Berlin Said to Be Willing to Abandon
Aims in West

Washington, June 26.- Germany is
preparing for vigorous peace move
at the expense of Russia, government
authorities here are convinced.
To meet this anticipated move ire
mendous effort is being made to offset
German peace offensive. 1t is un-
derstood the Central Powers will offer
to give up Belgium, northern France
and make a settlement with Italy pro-
viding she is allowed to expand Rus
STA.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
Naval EnIistments Increase.

Washington, June 26.-As recruiting
agents, German submarines off the
American coast are an unqualified sue
cess. The appearance of the U Boats
was followed by rush to enlist in
the navy, and in the week ended June
6, 14,406 men enrolled in the naval re-
serve force, making new record for
that branch. More than $4,000 enlist
ed the following week and June prom
Uses to be record month The
strength Of the navy is now $4,000,
including marines and reserves.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
GERMAN PLOTS ARE MENACE.
House of Commons Hears About
Troubles in Ireland.

London, June Backward Short,
chief secretary for Ireland, speaking
in the House of Commons on the Irish
question, said he hoped to satisfy the.
house that the German plot in Ireland
was real and imminent danger to-
this country.
Secretary Shortt said the govern
ment had found that Germany was in
touch with Ireland, and that not only
were messages going to Ireland from
a German source, but that they were
going from Irish sources to Germany.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
Two Wreck Probes Ordered.

Hammond, Ind.,Ju 26.-Two in
vestigations have been ordered by Of
ficial bodies into the cause of the
railroad wreck Saturday on the -Michi-
gan Central, near Gary, in which IS
employees of the. Hagenback- Wallace
circus were killed and approximately
$50 injured. The coroner was ready
to begin hearing witnesses and the In
diana public service commission an
nounced that an inquiry to fix the
blame for the disaster would be open.
ed Thursday.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
BUMPER BABY CROP IN 1917

Population of the United States In
creased Over 100000
New York, June 26.-Infant mortali.
ty statistics, compiled by the New
York milk committee, reveal the fact
that there was bumper baby crop
throughout the United States in 1917.
Basing its conclusions ON figures from
163 of the largest cities, the commit.
tee estimates the number of births
throughout the nation totaled 2,678,-
600, leaving national increase In
population of over 100000.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
TO ARRIVE EARLY IN JULY
Italians Are Encouraged Over News
Yankees Are Cominu.

Rome, June 26-American troops
will be in Italy probably early in July,
according to notification given to the
Italian authorities by Senator Gothic,
of New York, who is here on official
business.
This announcement of direct partic-
ipation of American units alongside
the forces now fighting in Italy has
produced an encouraging effect.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28

London, June 26-It is learned from
an authoritative source tina THE Ital
fans have started counter offensive
in the mountain region. The Aus.
TRANS are making strong resistance
but the Italians are gaining.
In Full Retreat.
Washington, June 26-An official
dispatch from Rome says the Austri-
ans are in full retreat, and that papers
taken from prisoners show that Aus
tria had not contemplated the posi-
bility of defeat and was promising her
soldiers this offensive would be the
last stroke to put Italy out of the war.
Troops Surrounded.
Rome, June 26.-The Giornale d.
Italia says the troops of Archduke
Joseph and General Wurm are vir-
tually surrounded and must surrender
or be annihilated.
The Italians have occupied enemy
trenches on Monte Valbelia and Monte
Asolone and have captured Hill 1473
Prisoners are still coming in" said
SIolCLhSlI ny Tie 1Idlldu war OulCS.
The Austrians have been swept
across the Piave on the whole front
from Montello to the sea, except for
a three mile sector between Musile
and Capo Sile, where a covering forces
is still holding out, 1t was added.
Austrians Pursued.
London, June 26.-Austria's armies
again are beyond the Piave and the
river line once more bars the enemy
from the Venetian plain The crushed
Austrian forces not only are pursued
to the river but the Italians at points
have occupied strong bridgeheads on
the eastern bank
How thorough the Italian victory
has been is not yet clear, as every
hour brings reports of increasing Aus
trian losses. Many thousands of the
invaders were killed il their attempt
to regain the eastern bank of the river
and the latest announcement from
General Diaz places the number of
prisoners alone at 10000. One report
places the Austrian casualties at 300
600 men. In addition the enemy lost
large stores of munitions and supplies
and many guns.
Plave Flood Ended.
Apparently the sudden torrent in
the PiaVe, which played havoc with
Austrian communications, fell as
quickly as it rose and the river bed
was dry when the Austrian retreat
began. This enabled the enemy to
get many of their troops across, other
wise his losses would have been
measureably greater.
Blow in West Awaited.
Along the front from the North sea
to Switzerland the Allied armies are
awaiting another blow from the Ger
mans. Premier Lloyd George has told
the British house of commons that
another gigantic enemy effort is COM
ing with few days, possibly within |
a few hours. The Allies are ready tc
combat il,
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
SENATE RATIFIES TREATY
Reciprocal Draft Law Pact With
Britain Is Approved.

Washington, June 26.-Treaties be-.
tween the United States and Great
Britain for reciprocal operation of
army draft laws to their citizens, in
Guiding Canadians, were ratified by
the Senate without dissenting vote.
British subjects in the United
States, between 20 and A years of
age-the British draft ages-and
American citizens in the British EN-.
pire between the ages of 21 to 81,
would be subject to draft under the
treaties, but they would be given the
option of returning to their own coun-
tries for service under their own flag.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
PoURs OIL ON BABIES BED
Mother Cremates TWO Children While
They Are Asleep.

Hamilton, Ohio, June 26.-Edna
Cook poured-oil on the bed of her two
children, Everett, 5 years old, and Mil
dred, 3, and burned them to death.
Gates Cook, her husband, was severe
ly burned trying to rescue the babies.
Police say Mrs. Cook admitted start
ing the fire, saying she was afraid
her husband was going to send her to
an asylum.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
Aviation LIEUTENANT Killed.

West Point, Miss, June 25.-Lieut.
Orlando M. Lord of Dorchester, Mass,
was killed and Lieutenant Allen was
seriously injured in the fall of their
airpane from height of 1000 feet.
The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-06-28
ITALIANS START
COUNTER BLOW
Attack In Mountain Region and
Make Gains Despite Strong
Austrian Resistance.
FOE IN FULL RETREAT
Enemy Forces Are Reported Surround
ed and Facing Final Destruction
Allies Await Expected Blow on
Western Front.

Rome, June 25.-ItaIian troops
forced the last rear guard of the
retreating Austrians to surrender
and completely reoccupied the
west bank of the Piave, the war
office announces.
On the mountain front between
the Piave and the Brenta In the
Monte Grappa sector the Italians
vigorously attacked the Austrians
infIicting heavy losses upon the
enemy and gaining considerable
ground.
More than 5000 more prison.
ers were taken by the Italians on
the Piave an d mountain front.
The Polk County Republican. (Ducktown, Tenn.) 1914-191?, 1918-03-29

Do not fail to note the real MONEY
SAVING PROPOSITION" made by this sterling
newspaper, the ST LOUIS CLoBE-D DEMOCRAT,
elsewhere in this issue. In spite fthe en-
ormously increased cost of production, the
DAILY CLoBE-DEMocRAT, except Sunday is
offered to ruraffree delivery and star route
patrons yearly subscriptions only at the
remarkable low rate OF So per year-or in
complete clubs of three or more, at the
net club Of only $3.50 for each yearly
subscription. The DAILY CLoBE-DEMoCRAT
including Sunday,is oferag for $3.50 per
year, or in clubs of three or more at the
net rate of $475 for each yearly subscrip-
ton. This offer is also open to subscribers
who receive, their mail at post Offices where
the DAILY GLoBE.DEMocRAT is not handled
by local newsdeelers. The local news
dealers. The regular price of the GLOBE
DEMOCRAT, including SUNDAY, is now $3.50
per year; daily, without Sunday, SIS per
year; Sunday only, $3.50 per year; weekly
issued twice aewcek, SO cents wear. Again
we urge you'to read the "Money-Saving
Proposition and send in your order AT
ONCE. Address the Globe Printing Com
pany, Publishers, St. Louis, Mo.
The Polk County Republican. (Ducktown, Tenn.) 1914-191?, 1918-03-29
BAPTIST CHURCH.

Morning service Sunday School o:3O,
]. E. Taylor Superintendent.
Preaching l045.
Evening services-Baptist Young Peo-
pies Union, $50 p. M, ]. E. Taylor, presi-
dent.
Preaching at us.
Prayer Meeting Wednesday night at 7:l5.
Ladies Working Union meets the first
Thursday in each month at 2:3O p. M, Mrs.
E. c. Crawford, president.
w. R. HoRNER, Pastor.
HUBERT MILLER. Clerk.
The Polk County Republican. (Ducktown, Tenn.) 1914-191?, 1918-03-29
POPULAR IN EVERY STATE
A MILLION READERS WEEKLY

You should be a member OF OUR GREAT
NATIONAL FAMILY because in this time OF
National crisis you will feel the great need
for paper which, week by week, will give
YOU ALL the news of the world war with
absolute accuracy and expert editorial
handling. Standing as we do on the brink
of the greatest epoch of our National his
tory. it is of vital importance to every man,
woman and child that t! e history of the
was in the making shall be published hon
estly, concisely and with understanding.
The Toledo Weekly Blades facilities for
securing and printing the exact facts rela-
tive to the wars progress at home and
abroad are unexcelled. YOU WILL WANT TO
KNOW WHAT OUR COUNTRY, OUR ALLIES AND
OUR ENEMIES ARE DOING.
The Toledo Weekly Blade will tell you.
and as always it will tell you TRUTHFULLY
and COMPLETELY Its editorials are fearless
and honest, and its various departments,
enlarged and improved will interest and
entertain ever member of your family.
Send your subscription today, price so
cents year. Sample copies mailed free
Address,
] THE BL A DE
4 Toledo, 0.
The Polk County Republican. (Ducktown, Tenn.) 1914-191?, 1918-03-29
WEHUTTY.
SERVICES AT THE M. E. CHURCH

Sunday School at $50 a. NV. S.
Vaughan, superintendent
Preaching at IL o'clock a. m. by the
pastor. Prayer meeting ever, "Wednesday
night.
Preaching every Sunday night al 7:30.
Everybody cordially invited
A. ]. THOMAS, Pastor.
The Polk County Republican. (Ducktown, Tenn.) 1914-191?, 1918-03-29
MURPHY SCOUT ITEMS.
SUI /.

Rider Weed returned home from Cop
perhill. Saturday, as whiteheaded as a rab-
bit
The Polk County Republican. (Ducktown, Tenn.) 1914-191?, 1918-03-29

The Brand of Fruits and Vegetables
that put Polk County on the Map.
The Brand that means a better quail
ity of foodstuffs for the people and
a more lucrative market for the
farmer and truck grower.
The Brand that will demonstrate that
as good fruit and vegetables can be
grown in Polk County as will be
found anywhere.
The Polk County Republican. (Ducktown, Tenn.) 1914-191?, 1918-03-29
WOLF CREEK.

j. NJ. Garren, as usual, went to Isabella
with peddling load,
Billy Hancock is still working in ].
Go bis copper mine at Isabella.
The outlook here for peach crop is
very discouraging, for the frost got many
of them.
John r. Wilbur and wife, of Wehutty.
arc spending the week here with their
many lriende.
Rev. Will Peak failed to fill his APP
pointment at Macedonia, Sunday. He has
Job at Isabella, and some of his friends
say that he had to work.
Bill ClOnts went to Dncktown, Monday
Georgia Cragg. from Copperhil, has
been visiting her relatives here for the
past week.
WEHUTTY
0. L. Tarrence made a trip to Duck.
town. Monday.
Born to Wesley Ledford and wife, big
girl.
Fred White, who is working at Duck
town, was here the weekend, visiting home
folks,
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-02-14
$40 MahoEanTAnIsh

$40 MahoranY.AnISh
China Case at G2b
Mahogany-finlsh China
Case, with straight glass
ends and front. Special
for Friday only $25.
$50 Fumed Oak SetteA.
Special at $40
Fumed Oak Settee, gem
uine leather loose cuGh-
ion; Stickley Bros make.
Special for Friday only
E2I.5O An-CPhOIstered
Rocker. Special, $3.50
All Upholstered Rocker,
covered with Spanish
leatherette, mahogany IN
ish. Special for Friday
only $3.50.
90 WOmen's Golden Oak
Desk af Sass
Golden Oak Women's
Desk with drawers, plain
design with wood pulls.
$685..
sic AII-IayeF Felt Mat.
treases 1t S11.SS
All Layer Felt Mat
tresses, made with rolled
edge, covered with brown
art tickinE. weight, As
pounds. Special for Fri
day only S1l.s5.
IS AII-metaI Frame Fold
ing Cot. eS.75
All Metal Frame Fold
ing Cot, with guaranteed
Rome Link spring. Spe-
cial for Friday only 1918.
SIS MahOEanJ-AnIsh
ArmchaIF, S12
Plain design with tap
eStry spring seat and tap
estry back; floor samples.
Special for Friday only
S12.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-02-14

Union Suits, 39c

Ladies' Union Suits, made OF hne
combed yarn, in umbrella and envel-
ope chemise style: some have plain
top, others are lace trimmed. FRI
DAY SPECIAL soc.
BarraIn Basemenf.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-02-14
Undernuslins, 79c

Gowns, embroidery and lace trim
med, Combinations and Envelope
Chemise, prettily trimmed in laces,
embroidery and ribbons: Petticoats,
with deep flounces of pretty embroid-
cry. FRIDAY SPECIAL Toe.
Bargain Basement.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-02-14
59c and 75c Embroideries,
FRIDAY Soc

Embroidered Rufhe Edge Flouno-
inEs, designs adapted for baby's first
dress. 2f-irch deep material, OF hne
quality Swiss soc yard.
Street Floor.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-02-14
Printed Voles, Ice

Printed VoiIes. in many pretty pat
terms, stripe. floral and combinations:
also a good selection Of the plain
shades. in grays, pinks, blues, greens,
etc. All fresh, new goods. FRIDAY
SPECIAL l9c Bargain Basement.
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1918-02-14
Doilies, Sc and l0c

Doilies, 8 to 10 inch, made from
excellent quality damaslI. scalloped
edge. FRIDAY SPECIAL &c and Toe.
bargain Basement.