Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-11-17
MUST KEEP WELL
 DOCTORS ID ARMY
Watch Water Supply and Dispose of Waste Properly, Says Arkansas
 University Specialist.

CT efforts to keep well for the re- mainder of the war because the state will have to furnish a large quota of doctors for the army.
 One of the greatest factors in maintaining the health of the family in the country is pure and whole some water supply and the proper dis posal of all waste materials. accord. ing to the specialists with the Exten. sion Division cf the University of Ar kansas. It is true that great per- centage of the disease among Arkan- sans comes from impure water, and not only the health of human beings but the health of farm animals, as well, is to large extent dependable upon q good water supply.
 The principal thing to be guarded against is the pollution of drinking water with sewage or intestinal con- tents of either man or animal. The diseases of man most commonly car. ried in water are typhoid fever and dysentery. The most common ami maj disease carried in water are hog cholera, distemper, glanders and an- thrax. In guarding against such po- 1ution especial care should be taken in selecting location fo: the well. It should never be located near the barns or other outhuildings and not too near the house unless it is we'll protected against surface drainage.
 Of all wells to be feared. the dug well is probably the mos, dangerous. It is usually walled up with loose stones leaving numerous cracks and creyices. In these openings many small animals such as frogs. lizards, snakes and mice make their home. These animals frequently die, drop into the water and decay, thus mal;- ing the water unsafe for use. Dug wells are usually on a level with the surrounding area and during heavy rains are apt to receive the drainage and wash from the barnyards and pens and other outhouses. The cover on the dug well usually does not fit tightly, thus leaving cracks and filth falls into the water. Dug wells should always be walled up carefully and cemented, and the platform
 should be at least eighteen inches above the ground cemented on the outside and inside. The top should
 be covered with concrete slab with
 holes just big enough to admit the necessary pipes in order to prevent dirt from falling into the we'll
 All shallow wells are dangerous,
 because the surface drainage seeps through the ~oil immediately into the. water. The distance of the passage
 through the soil is not usually great
 enough to purify it.
 The open we'll either dug or drill
 ed, where the water is drawn with a
 bucket~is also dangerous. because
 each time the bucket is drawn to the top, germs from the hands are depOs-
 ited upon 1t and when the bucket is
 returned to the we'll there are washed off and into the water. By repeating this process several times day it can be easily seen how wells can be polluted This is especially true
 where there happens to be a member of the family who is a carrier or ty- phoid or other diseases, and this is especially true at school houses. This explains how one sickspupil can con- tanlnate the school we'll and through 1 this source spread a disease through out the entire community and falri- l lies for miles apart may be afflicted ] with the same disease
 Water from springs is not always safe, because it may travel long dis l tances under the ground but following crevices Tn rocks or holes burroWed by animals and thus fail to be puli- fled. Springs too frequently are pol luted by surface washing during rains. This may explain why springs may suddenly become contaminated and cause typhoid in family where l it has been unknown before
 Water from streams and ponds are always dangerous, due to the surface drainage which it receives.
 In summing up the different sources of water supply We find that the deep drilled we'll is, in nearly all cases, su, pcrior to all others. It is cased with a solid casing so that nothing can drop into the water from irregular
 walls. The top is small and can be ] closed tightly enough that it wifi pre- 1 vent any material from entering from l this point. The water comes from deep in the soil and has passed long | distances through the soil so that it
 has had every opportunity to purify.
 Water suspected of pollution should be thoroughly boiled and cooled be-
 fore being used for drinking pur | poses.
 | Do not let waste material lay
 around and breed diseases Such ma
 terial from the kitchen that is not fit
 for hogs and chicken feed should be
 buried or burned. All dead chickens, | pigs, sheep. horses and cattle. espS
 cially when they have died from 2 l cOnt inns EiSeaSe ShCu1d ho disros.