The Nevada County picayune., 1918-12-05
MUST KEEP WELL
 DOCTORS II ARMY
Watch Water Supply and Dispose of Waste Properly, Says Arkansas
 University Specialist.

will have to furnish large quota of doctors for the army
 One Of the greatest factors in maintaining the health of the family Tn the country is pure and whole some water supply and the proper dis posal of all waste materials. accord ing to the specialists with the Exten- sion Division of the University of Ar kansas It is true that great per centage of the disease among Arkan- sans comes from impure water, and not only the health of human beings, but the health of farm animals, as we'll, is to large extent dependable upon good water supply.
 The principal thing to be guarded against is the pollution of drinking water with sewage or intestinal con tents of either man or animal The diseases of man most commonly car ried in water are typhoid fever and dysentery. The most common ami nal disease carried in water are hog cholera, distemper, glanders and an thrax. In guarding against such po- lution especial care should be taken in selecting a location for the we'll It should never be located near the barns or other outbuildings and not too near the house unless 1t Is we'll protected against surface drainage.
 Of all wells to be feared, the dug well Is probably ths most dangerous. It is usually called up with loose stones leaving numerous cracks and crevices. In these openings many small animals such as frogs, lizards. snakes and mice make their home. These animals frequently die, drop into the water and decay, thus maE- ing the water unsafe for use. Dug wells are usually on a level with the surrounding area and during heavy rains are apt to receive the drainage and wash from the barnyards and pens and other outhouses. The cover on the dug we'll usually does not fit tightly, thus leaving cracks and filth falls into the water. Dug wells should always be walled up carefully and cementol. and the platform should be at least eighteen inches above the ground cemented on the outside and inside The top should De covered with concrete slab with holes just big enough to admit the necessary pipes in order to prevent dirt from falling into the we'll
 All shallow wells are dangerous. because the surface drainage seeps through the soil immediately inso the water The distance of the passage through the soil is not usually great enough to purify 1t.
 The open we'll, either dug or drill ed. where the water is drawn with a bucket is also dangerous, because oach time the bucket Is drawn to the top. germs from the hands are depos- tied upon 1t and when the bucket Is returned to the we'll there are washed of and into the water. By repeating this process several times day it can be easily seen how wells can be polluted This k especially true where there happens to be member of the family who is carrier or ty-
 
 especially true at school houses. This explains how one sick pupil can con animate the school we'll and through his source spread a disease through out the entire community and fairi- lies for miles apart may be afflicted with the same disease
 Water from springs Is not always safe. because 1t may travel long dis 'ances under the ground but following crevices Tn rocks or holes burrowed w animals and thus fail to be puri. fed Springs too frequently are pol 'Hted by surface washing during rains. This may explain why springs nay suddenly become contaminated nnd cause typhoid in family where T has been unknown before.
 Water from streams and ponds are iways dangerous, due to the surface irainage which 1t receives
 Tr summing up the different sources I water supply we find that the deep drilled we'll Is. in nearly all cases, su- NCrior to all others. It is cased with | solid casing so that nothing can drop into the water from irregular walls. The top is small and can he closed tightly enough that it will pre-. vent any material from entering from his point. The water comes from deep in the soil and has passed lors distances through the soil so that fl has had every opportunity to purify Water suspected of pollution should be thoroughly boiled and cooled be- fore being used for drinking pun. poses.
 Do not let waste material lay around and breed diseases Such ma terial from the kitchen that is not fl for hogs and chicken feed should be buried or burned All dead chickens. pigs, sheep. horses and cattle, cape cially when they have dIed from :,