davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-05-12

with the people. Allan B. Forbes was
chairman of the distribution commit
tee and Arthur M. Anderson director
of distribution. Working in close touch
with the distribution committee was
the commercial banks and trust COM
panies' committee, which allotted quotas
to the banks and formed the connect
ing link between the financial institu-
tions of the district and the Liberty
Loan Committee. 1t put through the
new partial payment plan under which
a pool Of the banks underworld $780,
100000 of bonds and sold coupon
books for them to the public, who will
pay off their obligations on the weekly
or monthly plan.
The field forces of the Distribution
Committee in New York were the Met
ropolitan Canvass Committee and the
Rainbow Division. The former concen-
trated on the residential part of the
city and the latter on the industrial.
The Metropolitan Canvass Committee,
of which A. B. Leach is chairman, re-
ceived subscriptions from 1,O19,71O
persons amounting to $137,891, 800.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-12
Americas Loyal Citizen Army Of Savers
Finds an Outlet for War Enthusi-
asm in the Third Liberty
Loan Drive

hiring well-paid press agents. They
employed war sentiment which already
existed-latently or actively-to help
float the third war credit Of the nation.
The success of the workers for the
loan lay largely in their realization
that they had favorable material to
work with.
One man who studied the publicity
campaign in the New York district
from the inside said that, though more
publicity was given to the loan than
to any other enterprise in the same
time, he considered the fact that Amer
lean soldiers were in France and the
perfection of the selling forces of the
Liberty Loan organizations more i'm
portant factors than the publicity.
Was there mother or u father of
soldier overseas who did not buy
bond? If there was, he or she was
the exception. Although the parents
Of the fighting men are more hard hit
than any other group by the war, they
aided the Liberty Loan with more
many cases it was q real sacrifice for
parent deprived to some extent of
financial contributions of son under
arms to pledge to pay even a dollar
dollar week for the cause of freedom.
But to the parents, the appeals-"Lend
Him Hand" and "Save Soldiers
Life"-were beyond resistance.
The presence of large number Of
Americans overseas and in the train
ing camps of course stimulated others
besides parents, though not SO init
mately. The interlacing Of American
soldiers with the defenders Of the AL
lied line brought the reality Of the sit
uation in Picardy within the imagina-
tive grasp Of the people of the United
States. The battlefront was 5000 miles
away only in physical terms; mentally,
it was always present for ever in
creasing group of men and women.
Again let it be said that this war
atmosphere made the American people
want to do something, and 1t is to the
everlasting glory of the Liberty Loan
workers that they turned this vague
desire into willingness to invest in
the bonds of Liberty. The people were
eager to do something for Liberty,
and they were glad to get advice such
as Harry Lauder put into the epigram:
eff You Can Buy Liberty with Money;
Then for Gods Sake Buy It."
New-York tribune., 1918-05-12

OF the issues below par, and this is
likely to weaken the confidence of small
buyers who do not understand the
mechanics of prices.
Another thing, which the directors
OF the campaign succeeded in better in
the last campaign than in either of the
previous two, is training the Liberty
Loan speakers to talk plain American
ism in their speeches and not run off
into tangents which represent only
their personal whims. An extreme
breach of propriety was made by an
unofficial speaker in New York thea
tire who said in the course of a loan
appeal that we'll known New York
regiment overseas had been completely
wiped out He was proptly admon-
ished and repudiated. Since the justi-
fication of the elaborate loan cam
palgns is partly that they are educa
tional and force toward American
ization, it is we'll that the speakers ad-
here rigidly to truth and eschew exag-
geration and false statements. In this
connection, it seems fair to remark that
the 1900 official speakers who worked
in the New York district under tho d.
rection Of Joseph Hartigan, director Of
the speakers and meetings bureau,
generally speaking, did their job we'll,
and taught the people whom they ad-
dressed far more than what Liberty
bonds are. Each of these speakers
averaged fifteen speeches during the
campaign. Seven hundred of them
received special instruction before the
campaign. The wider use of this ad-
vance training will tend to eliminate
the undesirable phase of speaking dur
ling the campaigns.
Drafting the Local
Boards to Aid Loans
In the next campaign the Liberty
Loan Committee, it seems, ought to
make larger use of the selective draft
| system of the country. At present
there are 1000 local selection boards
throughout the states, and some seven
GLASSES.
These men with temporary discharges
from the obligation Of military service
ought to form backbone of civil SER
vice in loan campaigns especially They
| have been exempted because conditions
of dependency, industrial necessity,
physical incapacity, or some other rea-
son rendered them, in the opinion of
the War Department, more necessary
at home than on the firing line.
In many instances the local boards
did excellent work in the last cam
paign. but their full utility as agencies
for financing the war has not yet been
realized. 1t might be wise for all the
local boards to do what several in this
city did: call the men in deferred
classes to the headquarters Of the
board and ask them whether they have
bought a bond, and point out their
special obligation to help oversubscribe
the loan.
Another innovation which seems 70
deserve consideration, If not adoption.
is the suggestion to make the next
campaign shorter. Many persons be-
lieve the desired results could Be at
tanned in two weeks instead of four.
Prolongation Of the campaign results
in the holding off Of many subscrip-
tions until near tho end. II the end
New-York tribune., 1918-05-12
Mobilizing the
arrner and Worker

Better organization, which was per-
haps the chief technical factor in the
success of the campaign, resulted part
ly from the experience gained in the
first two war drives. The organization
in the last offensive for the dollars
of Liberty reached out into every So
cial and economic group in the nation.
The machinery for appealing to the
farmer and the laborer was notably
better in the third campaign than in
the other two. More people than here
tofore were willing to give their time
as workers.
Business men, captalMs ana prlvates
of industry, lawyers, physicians, min
listers, writer's, speakers, politicians,
labor leaders, actors and society folk
/ gave themselves up for four weeks to
the Liberty Loan. The enthusiasm of
the campaigners percolated down to
the rest Of the people, and every one
enjoyed great collective experience
in war finance.
So many novelties in the form of
entertainment unrelated to the specific
act Of bond selling were introduced to
attract interest that the four weeks
campaign was almost a continuous ma
tional holiday. Free shows were to be
seen everywhere. Tales from the battle
front were to be heard on every street
corner. Movie stars and operate prima
donnas performed at many places, and
the spectators did not even have to
pay the way tax.
Dignified fnanciers must have won-
dered whether It was all necessary.
They must have asked themselves
whether the results would have been
less If the traditional methods of bond
selling had been adhered to. Some
contended that much energy was lost
in the great national effort to heighten
the war enthusiasm of the people in
order to make them receptive to the
call Of bonds.
Probably the effort put forth was
| more than was needed to accomplish
the same results. 1t is difficult to
measure social facts, and debate on
this point would become rather fruit
less. Perhaps it was better to overdo
the campaign than to underdo it. The
national need for oversubscription
from a record-breaking number of
subscribers was SO pressing that the di.
rectors Of the drive could not risk
failure by skimping in their plans.
Although high wages and uninter-
rupted periods of employment may
have made the average American bet
ter able financially to become bond
holder than ever before, it seems in
disputable that the patriotic motive
carried the day. Stirring loyalty that
Is willing to sacrifice was the task of
the campaign, and the plans for achiev,
ing the purpose had to be- extensive.
Loan Campaign
Liberal Education
Besides explaining to the people
what the imperishable thing is thew
are asked to invest In" the campaign
workers had also to tell the masses wha,
bonds were. Just as tho exploiters Of
the safety razor at chs time that In
serument OF progress was introduced
SOLO sne average man an education and
xssor Tor IS. so the loan workers sold
the plain citizen financial education
and bond for $50. CA year ago there
were 100000 security holders in the
United Statesi now more than 100000
600 possess Liberty bonds alone. In
New-York tribune., 1918-05-12

The common people will by this op-
Grafton come closer to an understand
ing OF the ratio Of selfishncss to altru-
ism that Liberty bond purchase rep
resents. Many people were asked to
buy bonds to be patriotic-to enlist or
invest. This emphasis led in at least
one case to an inquiry whether the
bondholder would have to pay the
government twice year for keeping
his money. The coupon clipper will
discover that his subscription to the
third loan represented neither self
abnegation nor exaggerated self-inter-
est. In buying Liberty bonds the in
dividual merely accommodates his own
interest to that of the nation.
Commentators on the third loan have
stressed the Endorsement of the war
that the large number of subscribers
implies. They have indicated how much
easier the wide distribution of the
third loan will make the fiotation of
later war credits. These considera-
tions assume paramount Importance at
this time. But the bonds Of the three
issues are to run from ten to thirty
years.
Even those most pessimistic about
the proximity of peace must realize
that the fotation Of these war loans
will have almost immeasurable after
the-war significance. One person in
every family will have a financial in
terest in the government. One person
in every family will be creditor of the
nation. If the war debt is enormous,
the people will know they owe only
themselves.
And one Of the most important
questions that the ordinary man who is
few steps ahead Of necessity faces
will be in the process of solution.
What shall l do with my savings? is
a query that puzzles the plain citizen.
The knowledge gained in the war loans
about government bonds and securities
in general cannot fail to help him an
swer the question after peace is re-
stored.
The Thrift Habit
Likely to Persist
Many observers think it inevitable
that the demand for bonds-and for
stocks too-will be greater than ever
before after the last war loan is
faoated. Thrift will perhaps become a
national habit, and the widespread
knowledge about securities will seek
application. It is not unlikely that
the broker will have to revamp his
vision. Before this war the brokers'
clients were men and women aUho hnve
and desire to haze more. After peace
comes it may very probably become
his privilege to serve also that wider
clientele 1vho haze not but desire to
haze. At any rate, 1t is plain that dur
ing the war future loan campaign
plans will have to make allowances for
the financial change that has come over
the American people. It seems likely
that the altered conditions will obviate
the necessity of at least part Of the
circus stuff which enlivened the last
campaign, and lead to more direct bond
selling.
An enumeration of few Of the dis
cords made in the campaigns that are
over may serve as guideposts for the
future The practice Of embarrassing
New-York tribune., 1918-05-12

These New representing billions
wealth. constitute the Central Liberty
Federal District
outlines of the The left
Allen Forbes Charles V. Rch Proe H.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-12

nave, and whose resources are there
tore beginning to feel the strain. Mill
IONS of the men in this country and
thousands of the women, are training
to go abroad in the service of the
United States to the end that the
wrongs done in Belgium, France, Ser
bla, and other countries may be
avenged and people given the oppor-
tunlty to leave in peace and security
Tor many years to come. In accom-
pllshing their aims these patriots will
at the same time enable our country
to remain free and secure, so that YOU.
your family, your relatives and your
friends, may continue to live and work
free from German invasion. savagery
and outrages. The question of sufficient
men, by reason of the present army,
is~s solved, but the power of these men
lies in the supplies of food. clothing.
housing, ammunition and transporta-
tion facilities. 1t is to furnish all of
these things that the Liberty bonds
have been authorized"
The foreign language division of
the publicity committee, also under
Mr.. Hartigan, told the foreign-bor
people of the city in their own lam
guage why they ought to help furnish
the financial munitions Of war to Amer
ica, and they responded. Some 100000
frenked letters were sent out to the
foreigners on Treasury Department
stationery, and many of the recipients
felt so highly honored at hearing di-
rectly from the government that thew
did their share in taking bonds. Twen-
ty-two foreign-language committees
worked during the campaign. Milton
Wright, who had actual charge Of the
work of the foreign-language bureau
said, in commenting on the bureau:
"The programme of carrying home the
significance of the war to foreigners
in their own language and in words
they understood broke the backbone of
the anti-war feeling among them"
The New Type
of Press Agent
The press bureau, which linked the
loan workers with the newspapers. was
under the management of John Price
Jones, graduate Of Harvard and for
mer newspaper man. He was assisted
by G. Selmer Fougner, war correspond
ent and writer, and staff of forty
five newspaper reporters and editors.
They prepared 1900 exclusive editorial
articles for special publications, and
all except three were used without re-
vision.
To $50 daily newspapers, 800 week
lies and 600 class publications, the
press bureau constantly fed material
during the campaign. Their efforts
resulted in the publication Of $4,000
columns Of news, editorial. and fea-
ture articles in the publications Of the
district. The staff prepared more than
1000 news stories during the four
weeks OF the campaign. A skeleton
of the press bureau organization will
be kept intact until the next loan.
All the publicity work was under
the general direction Of Guy Elmer
son. director Of publicity of the Lib
erty Loan Committee. Mr.. Emerson Ia
vice-president of the Nation Al Bank
Of Commerce. n. s~R
New-York tribune., 1918-05-12

sch George Baker, Benjamin Strong chairman;
James Alexander, P. Morgan, Martin Voge Wggin
w. Wallace w. MGarrah
Charles H. Sabn William Woodward Walter Gray
Arthur publicity The picture
shows them in 120 Broadway.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-12
Shattering Precedents
In Publicity Field

The Rainbow Division, which covered
the eightysix leading industries in
the city, vastly oversubscribed it's
quota of $3.50, 900, which was half of
the quota of the entire second Federal
Reserve District. The total subscrip-
tions of the Rainbow Division Cor Ad-
visory Trades Committee) exceeded
$564,767,950.
George de B. Greene was chairman
of the Rainbow Division. Craig Col
gate was vice-chairman and Milton s.
Harrison secretary. The other men,
bers of the central committee were
Pemberton Berman, H. S. Bowers, Ar
thur B. Holden, Cecil D. Landale, Nor
ris K. Parker, Miss Virginia Potter,
Arthur j. Rosenthal, Walter N. Still
man, Richard H. Swartout, jacques
Weinberg. and Beekman Winthrop.
Nearly sixty OF the eighty-six commit
tees in the Rainbow Division exceeded
their quotas.
Outside of New York City, the actual
job of turning non-bondholders into
bondholders was done by nearly 1000
town, city and subdistrict committees.
Far more spectacular was the activ-
ity of the publicity department. The
advertising bureau, under James l.
Clarke, placed 500 pages of loan advcr-
tising in the New York City news
papers alone. The copy was prepared
free of charge chiefly by the adver-
tising agencies and writers of the dis
trict under the direction Of William T.
Mutually.
The service bureau. under Grosvenor
Farwell, arranged the Liberty Loan
features-everything from the war ex-
hibit at Liberty Land to the bringing
over of the Pershing veterans, the
French "Blue Devils" and the Anzacs
This bureau created news. Charles Dana
once said that if bog bit a man II
was not news, hut if man bit dog
that was news. It was the job of the
service bureau to have men bite dogs
In connection with the speakers
bureau Mr.. Hartigan also supervised
the labor bureau. which told the work.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-12
Using the War
Spirit Effectively

Leaders Of the Liberty Loan cam
paisn ga not create var sentiment hy
Republican farmer., 1918-02-01
BAKER TO TELL
What HAS Been
Done FOR ARMY

Washington, Jan. 25-Secretary
Baker asked Senator Chamberlain to-
day to arrange an occasion at which
all members of congress disposed to
attend may do SO and hear a state
ment in reply to the senator's charges
of inefficiency in the army.
Secretary Baker sent to Senator
Chamberlain a letter which read in
part:
"The questions which have arisen
with regard to the conduct Of the wal
require an explicit statement from me
for the information of your commit
tee and generally for the information
of congress and the country.
81 feel that in justice I owe such a
statement to the splendid officers and
men of the army, who have forgotten
themselves and labored with self sac
rifice and, as I think, success, in the
building of great army.
cit is due also to the great num-
her of men of business and of affairs
who have accepted the invitation of
the war department to come to Wash
ington and brought their business ex-
periepce, their talents and their judg-
ment to the work in hand. And l
think the people of the country are
entitled to have at large a summary
of what has been done by America i.
the war"
The secretary requested the COM
mittee to arrange an opportunity fog
him to make such a statement at a
time and a place fixed as to enable all
senators and representatives to at
tend
Republican farmer., 1918-02-01
HOLCOMB ORDERS
GENERAL EARLY
CLOSING HOURS

Hartford, Jan. 25.-The seriousness
of the fuel situation caused Gov. Hol-
comb today to issue proclamation
establishing curtailed hours of bust
ness for Connecticut from Jan. 90 to
March 90, inclusive.
The proclamation provides that
places of retail business shall not
open before a. m. and shall not re-
main open after p. m. on week days
with exception of Saturdays, Wednes-
days and days preceding holidays. A
special rule provides that saloons, no
tel bars, club bars. tobacco stores and
drug stores may remain open until
1890 p. m The hour Of 1890 p. m is
also established as a closing hour on
all week days except Saturdays or
days preceding holidays for all places
of public entertainment and for poo
and billiard rooms, bowling alleys and
barber shops. The proclamation, how
ever, urges that theatres and other
public entertainment places continue
their voluntary efforts to finish the
evening performances at 10 p. m. OF
| as near that hour as possible.
Republican farmer., 1918-02-01
OFFICIALS SEE
LITTLE CAIN IN
CzERNIN SPEECH

Washington, Jan. 25-Based on the
short cabled outlines of the speeches
of the German and Austrian premiers
to their respective parliaments, the
opinion is expressed by officials here
that no substantial advance toward
the final peace sought by all bellig:r
ents has resulted from these declara-
tons.
It Is true that expressions of Count
Czernin, the Austrian premier, appear
to be more conciliatory in tone than
previous utterances from that quar-
ter, but beyond vague statements that
I the possibilities of peace negotiations
are contained in address of President
Wilson and Premier Lloyd-George,
there is no suggestion of a surrender
OF any of the extreme contentious of
the military elements in the Central
states.
The German premier's address in
deed is couched in the language of a
victorious general and it is noted that
nowhere does he specifically abandon
. the claim for indemnity and territory.
IN fact, from the cabled abstract it
appears he has become even more
uncompromising and militaristic in his
position than he was when he as
sumed office and first addressed the
reichstag.
Republican farmer., 1918-02-01
GERMANY'S aims
ARE UPHELD BY
Won KUELHMANN

Amsterdam, Jan. 25-Reply-ing to
Premier Troyzkys statement on Rus
sia's peace aims, DR.. Richard, Won
KuehImann, German secretary fer
foreign affairs, declares that in prin-
ciple that Gen. Hoffman's aims were
the same as those advanced on Christ
mas Throughout the negotiations, he
said, the Germans had kept in view
the chronological boundaries, but also
the actual boundaries of the old Rus
sian empire. He said the Central
powers intended to permit free self
definition, scoffing at the theory that
the presence of troops would prevent
this. Regarding evacuation, DR..
Kuehlmann said it must be taken up
with the newly born self-defned :ov-
ernments.
eff Gen. Hoffman expresses the
terms more strongly" said Dr.. Kuo HI
mann, 'ft is because a soldier always
expresses stronger language than dip
Iomats. But it must not be deduced
from this that there is any dissension
between US regarding the principles.
which are one whole and well
thought OUT
Republican farmer., 1918-02-01
GREAT ECONOMY
IN WOOL URGED
IN CONNECTICUT
Careful Use Necessary to
Protect Our Fighting
Forces at Front

Hartford, Jan. 25-Greater econo-
my in the use of wool by manufactur-
ers and consumers is urged in a state
ment received from Washington by
the commercial economy division of
the committee on industrial survey,
Connecticut Council of Defense,
which points out that particular at
tentlon should be paid to the use of
wool in articles of clothing that are
luxuries rather than utilities. Such ar
ticles, it is added, should not be man
ufactured at this time and should not
be bought or asked for by consumers.
The statement from Washington
says in part:
In order to protect the welfare
of our fighting forces and to supply
the essential needs of the civilian
population, the country cannot endure,
under present circumstances, the use
of wool and cloth in any unnecessary
way. 1nasmuch as over one-half the
wool manufactured in this country is
brought in ships, every possible saw
ing, no matter how small, must be
made. These many small savings
will economic very largely in the to-
tai amount of raw wool required to
clothe the civilian population"
Republican farmer., 1918-02-01
NO SHORTAGE OF
FACTORY HANDS
SAY UNION MEN

New Haven, Jan. 25-George F.
Mordeca, as president of the Connec-
ticut Federation of Labor, and Ira
M. Onburn, as president of the New
Haven Trades Council, today issued
a public statement to the effect that
there is no labor shortage in the state
and alleging that while appeals are
being made for women to enter NUM-
ton and other plants, hundreds of
men are refused employment.
The statement is reply to what
has been termed a periodic appeal"
to women to take places in industrial
plants 1t is pointed out that there
is no objection to the employment of
women provided they are placed on
the same standards as men who oc-
cupy like positions and receive the
same scale of wages. 1t is claimed
that 40 per cent. of the mechanics
needed in munition plants of this city
are among the unemployed.