davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-24

Lafayette, Ala.
 Died of wounds: Lieut.. Edward G. Tomlinson, Fort Howard. Baltimore; Corporal Lewis A. Taylor, Philadel- phia; Privates Ernest P. Hoerr, Ports mouth, Ohio; Herbert E. zumwalt, Boise, Idaho.
 Sergeant Martin Popiacki, Baltimore; Privates James A. Cleary, Scranton, Pa; William D. Hammer, SIT Pea cock street, Pottsville, Pa.; Ivan G.. Hoffman, Berne. Pa.: John Paladas, Nashua, N. H.: Michael J. Sullivan, East Pepperell, Mass: Peter Tomas, Chester, Pa
 The wounded, degree undetermined, includes Private Arthur Bimbo, New Haven, Conn.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-24
NEW AUSTRIAN RATION DOLES
 HORSE FLESH

Amsterdam, June 24-Although he has done what has been possible there is sufficient corn for only half a bread ration in Austria, Food Min- ister Paul told the Vienna correspond ent of the Lokal Anzeiger. The food department is attempting to make up this deficiency with other food stuffs and, in addition to 250 grammes of beef, two pounds of horse flesh per- son will be distributed weekly.
 Military mobile kitchens will be used to supply 1Oo,00 persons daily for four weeks with a warm meal consisting of soup, 100 grammes of meat and vegetables.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-24
Honor Memory of
 First Three To Die

Evansville, Ind, June 24.-A na- tional fund to erect a national memo rial building in honor of James Bethel Gresham, one of the first three Amer ican soldiers to fall in France, was in- augurated here today. It is planned to name a national executive commit tee of the most prominent men from every state, and the memorial build ing would serve laso to house relics of the war.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-24
THE WEATHER

New Haven, June 24-For Bridgeport and vicinity: Fair and slightly cooler tonight; Tuesday, partly cloudy.
 For Connecticut: Fair and slightly cooler tonight; Tuesday, partly cloudy; moderate west to northwest winds.
 Weather conditions: The storm which passed over this vicinity on Saturday is central this morning over Nova Scotia. The pressure is near the normal with generally fair weather from the lower lake region southward to Florida.
 A depression central this morn ing over eastern Nebraska is caus- ing cloudy and showery weather over the interior. \ Showers during the last 24 hours were also reported from northern New England, Texas and northern Rocky Mountain districts. Temperatures continue low for the season in the northeastern districts.
 Conditions favor for this vicin- fty, fair tonight and Tuesday: slightly cooler tonight.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-24
BANK ELECTIONS JULY 2.

Annual election of directors and other officials will take lace July 2, acording to notices sent out by local savings banks. Re-elections will be made in the majority of cases, it is understood.
 Bridgeport Trust Co. has elected Robert D. Goddard vice president to succeed Samuel w. Davis who re- gently resigned to accept a position with the Bullard Machine Tool Go.
 The executive committee have had under consideration the question of thes chool of instruction for bank em- ployes, which will open next Sep tember A college professor will be chosen, it is rumored but nothing definite has been decided.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-24
PROBATE COURT NOTES.

An inventory of the estate of Fred erick Schanzer, who died June 22, was filed this morning, and Ferdinand Fox asked to be appointed administrator. Henry Brosler and Minnie Herb are creditors, and the heirs are a mother and father, in Bohemia, Austria.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-24
HERRICK TAKES GUARDIANSHIP

New York, June 24-Myron T. Her rick, former ambassador to France, has accepted the chairmanship of the national finance committee of the war camp community service, it was an nounced here today.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-24

meth 
 
 
   to   the t-a o i or you.
  it.   sgners window las
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-24
NEW HAVEN MAN PRISONER.

Ottawa, Ont, June 24-F. c. Bush. nell, New Haven, Conn.,, is listed as 2 prisoner of war in today's Canadian overseas casualty list.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-24

The days marine casualty list brought the total for that branch of the service over the 1000 mark
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-24


 new
 
  wher are kept O I have already signed up in the Bgep Thrift Club for 25 stamp Tn this pledge certificates ss3 This $134 official Nation  to be he
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-24
The Pledge Uncle Sam Wants 15O,OOO Loyal BridgepOrters to Sign

TOWN. nREEr ~
  p NTTTUrE 1"'""~T@"'~~" "H'""~ ""ss o "
  @ s sI 
 @4N$
  & @ 4m $:....s @I
  ~ & lumber ~ yub ~ ~b an@heHb mhagar bpmdads.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-24

C. A. Abercrombie, the Main street newsdealer, is The Times representa- tive in Stratford. Items of news sent to his store will receive prompt stten- ton. Telephone Stratford 10.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-24

CORTEz c. ROCKWELL, plumbing and heating; jobbing a speciality, 5051 Main and Hillside avenue. Phone Stratford 114-2 or 11A-3- B 10 stf
The Washington times., 1918-02-13
Beautiful Negligees, SIS

These Negligees look expensive
but are not, because they are
made Of Burton crepe. copied after
the crepe de chine models. with
shirred top and large embroidered
collar and cuffs. The cOIOrs are
as dainty and pretty as thuse OF
the more expensive neEliEeeE 20
rose, pink, French blue. sky blue
and orchid.
PnInis ROyaI-Th Ird Floor.
The Washington times., 1918-02-13
All Valentines at Half Price Tomorrow

MI EdICHIILCO dC IIuII THU AVIHOIIVW
with otlockal
ntineN Novelties will GOO
And dontfo
al proftaby anticipated
PaaIs Royals stree Floor.
The Washington times., 1918-02-13
Envelope Chemise,
Special at $1.25

Dainticst OF Envelope Chemiss.
made Of soft, pink baJistc. feather
and carnival stitches Of white or
light blue. arm hole or shoulder
straps Of lace or ribbon. Very spe-
cial at Sl2J
The Washington times., 1918-02-13
Dainty Undermuslins Are Special!

Tomorrow women will throng toSpur UndermuSln
values indeed and cannot emphasize too strongly the
The Washington times., 1918-02-13
Merino
Union Suits, $2.95

Women'S fine Merlin o
Union Suits, low neck, no
sleeves, ankle length. In reg
ular sizes.
The Washington times., 1918-02-13

Glove Silk BIoomers, reinforced to insure
wear, knee length in black, gold, maize, ceriSe,
green, rose, mustard, and copenhagen blue
Sizes 5, and 7.
Glove Silk Panta BIoomers, in pink, with
wide lace trimming. Several attractive styles
The Washington times., 1918-02-13

Glove Silk Vests, with deep lace yokes
back and front Regular and bodice style.
Also white and pink vests with tailored top.
Kayser's Italian Silk Vests, in the new
opera top. All sizes, in pink
Glove Silk Top Union Suits, reinforced;
plain and embroidered styles in white and
pink. Sizes 50 to AZ.
The Washington times., 1918-02-13
Odd Lot of
Undernuslins,
S1.66
Garments Worth to $2.9S

UndermuSlins made of
fine nainsook; we'll made,
with lace or embroidered
trimming; some show signs
of handling and are a little
Soiled. Special at Sl.66.
The Washington times., 1918-02-13

The Union Suts-tght knee with deep
lace yokes, plain and bodice style. Also union
suits with lace yoke and umbrella style, lace
trimmed
Evening journal., 1918-11-21
COMPANY FOR SOLDIER.

An enjoyable evening was spent at
the home OF Miss Elizabeth V. Ritchle
Of No. 305 North Van Buren street on
Monday. The party was given in honor
of Sergeant N. William Anderson,
Battery C. 6ist Field Artillery, Camp
Jackson, S. C. The evening was spent
with games, dancing and vocal selec-
tiOns. Among those who contributed
were Miss Ritche, Miss Eckman, Miss
Gibson, Mr.. Paige, Mr.. Rhodes and Ser
geant Anderson, accompanied by Miss
Lockerman. The rooms were beauti-
fully decorated with American and Al
lied flags. At the table cheers were
given for Sergeant Anderson. Speeches
were made by Sergeant Anderson and
G.. X. Rhodes.
Those present were: Misses Eliza
beth Ritchie, Katharine LOckerman,
Margaret McCafferty, Ellen MulshenOck,
Gertrude Baker, Mary Eckman, Anna
White, Isabelle Gibson, Kathryn Raud-
man, Lillian Rodman, Edith Marvel;
Sergeant N. William Anderson, Messrs.
G. Kenneth Rhodes. A. T. GallOw, Frank
Phelan, Francis Mcdonnell, Jack Mccoy,
J. Landsinger, Victor r. Miller, Walter
Colt, Gilbert Pippin and George Paige.
The Out-0f-tOwn guests were: Mr..
and Mrs. Lang Of New York, Miss Tar
zan, Mr.. Gibbs OF Washington; Miss
Finniman and Mr.. ellsworth Of Atlantic
City; Miss Alexander and Mr.. r. Camp
bell Of Philadelphia; Miss Cunningham
and Mr.. S. X Warren, Jr., OF Dover.
Evening journal., 1918-11-21
THANKS DAY MEAL
FEAST UF ALLIES

The Thanksgiving dinner will be
Victory dinner this year-and a feast
Of peace.
What more fitting than that house
wives of all nations should arrange the
victory menu with the favorite dishes
Of the victorious Allies?
Here's the menu for such a dinner:
VICTORY MENU FOR THE FEAST
OF PEACE.
Peace Soup (peas)
American Corn Breadsticks
English Roast Beef
Irish Italian
Potatoes Spaghetti
Brussels Sprouts lBelglan)
Portugal Salad French Dressing
Scotch Scones
Belgian Rice Dessert
American Cheese Cafe Noir
Spagetti, Italian Style-Boil i-2 pound
sphagetti until tender, then drain. Melt
/ tablespoonful of butter with ia
pound grated cheese and season with
salt and pepper Add 1 cupful Of milk.
Boil the mixture and pour over the
spaghetti. Sprinkle with grated cheese
and bake brown.
Portugal Salad-Slice 2 cucumbers. 2
tomatoes, / onion and green peppers.
Sprinkle with chopped parsley and salt
and pepper. Cover with very thin slices
Of bread, and pour over all a French
dressing Of olive oil and vinega 4
Scotch ScOnes-Sift three cupfu 5of
Victory flour and mix with it tea
spoonful Of soda mixed with 1 pint
Of sour milk. Mix to a soft dough.
Roll out TO finch thickness on 1oured
board. Cut into biscuit shape and bake
on a hot creased griddle until brown
on both sides. Serve hot with butter.
Belgian Rice Describing 1 pint OF
whole milk to a boil and stir in t-2 cup
ful Of boiled rice and 1-3 cupful cur
rants. Beat well the yolks Of 2 eggs
with 2 tablespoonfuls OF sugar or
sirup. Add to the rice and milk and
remove from the fire. When cool, add
/ tablespoonful vanilla and roll the
mixture into cylinders. Dip in beaten
egg and bread crumbs and fry until
golden brown. Sprinkle with powder
ed sugar and dabs Of cranberry jelly.
Evening journal., 1918-11-21
CH1LnREN,S PARTY

Master William Banning, OF the
Waverly Apartments, was given a party
on Tuesday evening at his home in
honor of his seventh birthday ami
versary. Those present were: Misses
Naomi Moffett. Esther Dougherty, Cert
rude Kane, Sara Jennings, Ruth Har-
ringtOn, Custine Wildman, Walter Han
son, Harold Sortman, Harry Parker,
Herman Williams, Nathan Winters,
William Bamper, William Banning, Mr..
and Mrs. f, J. Harrington, Mr.. and Mrs.
w. II. Pierce, Mrs. N. ]. Banning and
Mr.. and Mrs. w. r. Banning
Evening journal., 1918-11-21
NO LET DOWN In
FOOD SAVING

Because Of the armistlce, some food
dealers have imagined that all restric-
tions, effective during war times, re-
garding food purchases and sales are
now non-effective. one Delaware dealer
jumped at such conclusion and has
been notified Of his error by Food Ad-
ministrator Mitchell. To clear the at
mosphere, the U. S. Food Administra-
tion has issued the following:
"A misunderstanding has arisen among
licensees, with regard to the effect Of
the armistice upon the regulations Of
the Food Administration.
"The regulations are not annulled by
Evening journal., 1918-11-21
MARRIAGE LICENSE ISSUED.

Marriage licenses issued by clerks of
the peace in this city for yesterday are
as follows:
Clerk OF the Peace John, L. Wright.
Joshua NJ. Maddox, OF Be.air. Md, and
Abigail Smith, of West Philadelphia.
Justice Of the Peace Harry B. Strad-
ley-William Hall, Of 500 Buttonwood
street, and Anna COker, Of 500 Locust
street; Edward E. Schwar, OF Fort Du-
Pont, and Lillian B. Rapp, Of 9O7 French
street.
Evening journal., 1918-11-21

the armistlce. Notifications may be
made from time to time by the Food
Administration, but the specific regula-
tions, limiting margins Of profits, and
preventing boarding, have not been re-
moved, and there is no present inten-
tion Of dropping these restrictions.
which will be rigidly enforced.
Evening journal., 1918-11-21
SOCIAL AND
PERSONAL NOTES

Mrs. Annie II. Armstrong. Of Edge
Moor, Is visiting friends in Baltimore.
p. II. T. Wyatt. of Kirklyn, Delaware
County, Pa, is the guest of Wilmington
relatives.
Evening journal., 1918-11-21

Editor OF The Evening Journal.
Dear Sir: ,Humlliate him by dressing
him in prisoners garb, put him in a
cage and have him travel all over the
world with a circus, so that the multi
Evening journal., 1918-11-21
BAnY IN MuNsoN EANnLY.

Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Munson, OF Al
bany, N. Y, are receiving congratula-
tions on the birth OF a son. Robert
Munson, Jr. Mrs. Munson will be re-
membeerd as Miss Mary Rowan, Of
Dover.
Evening journal., 1918-11-21
GRANGE ENTERTAINMENT.

The women of West Brandywine
Grange will entertain the men OF the
grange tonight at the Grange Hall, at
Talleyvllle. They will give a minstrel
show with many added attractions. A
great time is expected.
Evening journal., 1918-11-21
-GCHWAN

Miss Lillian B. Rapp, or No. s07
French street, and Edward E. Schwan,
Of Fort Dupont, were married at As
bury NJ. E. parsonage yesterday by the
Rev. George White Dawson.
Evening journal., 1918-11-21

It doesn't require nerve to quit a Job
when better one is waiting for you IN
the WANT AID Columns.-Adv.
Evening journal., 1918-11-21

Editor The Evening Journal.
Dear Sir: In reference to the request
in your publication Of this evening for
a sentence for William HOhenzollern,
have decided on the following:
Have him brought at once TO VIII
mingtOn, compel him TO accept a posi-
tion with the Wilmington Gas Com
psny and assist in cleaning up the work
in their auditing department that went
behind on the day of the peace parade.
After he has gone through that, have
him sent TO Washington, d. C. Have
every paper in the country run large
advertisements that he is 10 be pun
ished at Washington on a given date
say Christmas or New Years. Have Mr.
McAdoO issue an edict TO all the trans
pOrtatiOn lines TO transport free Of
charge both ways any and all persons
that may desire to see the performance
Build large stage in front of the capi-
t0l and at the given hour have him led
out on the platform. Invite the mother
OF each man who has lost his life in the
service to surround him and give each
OF them a rifle. a saw-tOOth bayOnet and
a gas bomb. Allow each of them to
saw OH Suldl pOIblOu OF unBef OF
toe and to give him a little gas. An
application Of liniment should be used
at the joints. This should be composed
of a mixture Of sulphuric acid and
quick lime.
When his elbows and knees have
been reached, put him in cage with
III skunks and make him fight battle
royal for 30 minutes. After the battle
make him eXplsin how 1t was that "GOtt"
sold out TO the Allies after playing on
his team for four years.
Hang him for minutes 10 the bal
cOny Of the capitol and then shoot
enough lead into his six sons Sin his
presence b sink them TO the bottom Of
the Potomac river without additional
weights.
Tie a sllp-knot around his neck, tie
the other end Of the rope to a Liberty
Motor and get one OF our daredevil
birdmen TO fly over Washington with
him for one hour.
After he has been brought down, ask
him II he will stand any nonsense from
Evening journal., 1918-11-21

America after the war. II ne says no,
make him show us how TO execute the
goose-step for 100 yards.
Ask him then If he thinks the United
States. will fight make him say Yes, "
and then send him back to Europe so
that the Allies may give him the pun
ishment he so justly deserves.
In imposing the above sentence, am
inclined to feel too much leniency has
been given him, but you know our laws
are strict and must be obeyed.
Very sincerely yours,
JAMES l.. CALAWAY.
Evening journal., 1918-11-21
What Would You Do
to Ex-Kaiser Bill?
tContinued From FIrst Page.l

Continued From First Pags.)
Kaiser, chain him in a cage as you
would wild beast, put him on ex-
hibitlon all over the world, and give
the receipts to Belgian sufferers, and
then burn him at the stake.
c.. C. WEST.
Evening journal., 1918-11-21

Editor OF The Evening Journal.
Dear Sir: In the first place take all
Of his money and valuables away from
him, as well as from his entire family,
and establish fund to be used in the
support of orphan children in Belgium
and France.
As for the Kaiser and all his family
and official outft-no jury is necessary
to convict them Of their many crimes
as the entire world has already decided
that they should be put to work with
ball and chain) in some Of the mines
they deliberately destroyed, until the
mines are in operation again,-feed on
bread and water only. After their serv-
ices are no further value, let them
all be hanged by the neck until the
dirty devils are dead; cremate their
bodies, scatter their ashes TO the four
winds of heaven, so that no trace Of
them will be found.
Respectfully,
JOHN STROUD.
Editor of The Evening Journal:
Dear Sir-Banish him to a dismal is
land. Give him coarse raiment and poor
food. Compel him to work every day.
Keep him alive as long as possible to
mourn the loss Of his crown and re-
fleet on his crimes.
Sincerely yours,
George White Dawson.
City, ii-2l-lS.
Editor The Evening Journal:
Dear Sir-In reply to your question
in todays issue Of The Evening Jour
nal, What Would You do With the
Kaiser2" l would suggest that he be
turned over to the citizens Of South
Georgia and let these people handle him
as they handle all beasts down there.
w. N. Pritchard, Jr.
November 90 1919
Evening journal., 1918-11-21

tudes of people could see him. Have
placard placed upon him to read as
follows:
Emperor William H., Of Germany.
am the king of murderers. COM
manded my soldiers TO destroy
churches, hospitals and lands; to poison
wells and rape women; to nail babies
to barn doors and torture and kill help
less men and women on sea and land"
Respectfully,
CHARLES T. EDWARDS.
p. S.-After the humiliation, II there
is anything left of him, have him tried
for murder.
Evening journal., 1918-11-21

Editor OF The Evening Journal.
My idea of suitable punishment for
the Kaiser is:
Make him carry water in a quart
bucket from the Atlantic TO the Pacil5
until the Lustanla Is on dry land. After
he has done that will think Of some
thing hard. Yours truly,
FRANK NICKEL.
Evening journal., 1918-11-21
Try this famous shampoo

De,ore shampooing, rub the scalp thoroughly
with the tips of the fingers (not the finger ps:l
making the scalp itself move in little circles Tbs
ioosens the dead cells and particles of dust and
dandruf that clog up the pores. ' anu
Now dip the hair in warm water. ..n,,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-17
II U. S. TORPEDO BOATS
LEAVE BRITISH WATERS
Crews of Ships in Queenstown Har-
Dor Cheer Them as They Sail
for Home.

QUEENSTOWN, Monday. December
16.-Great crowds thronged the shore
here today to bid farewell to the fleet
of twelve American torpedo boats
which sailed for home. The crews of
ships in the harbor waved flags and
cheered the Americans as they
steamed slowly out of the harbor.
1t was pretty picture that was
presented when the American war
ships moved from their anchorage.
The Stevens. the senior ship of the
squadron. led the way. followed by
the Jenkins. Balch. Cassin, Terry,
Paulding, Ammen. Caldwell. .Conyng-
ham, Mccall. Sterrett and Trip. The
destroyers will go first to the Azores,
where they will join the tender ship
Dixie, which sailed yesterday. After
short stay at the Azores they will
complete their voyage to America.
Rear Admiral Thomas B. Howard
still has several destroyers here. and
it is reported that they. with the
guardship Melville. will leave by De-
cember %. Other destroyers of the
American Navy are attached to this
base, but they are cruising in differ
emit parts of the seas surrounding
Great Britain or are in French wa
terS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-17
DECKS IN RUSSIA
CLE:ARfOR ACTION
Entente Troops Advancing
and Steps Taken to Estab-
Iish Stable Policy.
BY BAssETT DIGBY.

Cablegram to The Evening Star and
Chicago Daily News. Copyright, 1918.
STOCKHOLM, Sweden. December 16.
The decks have been cleared for &C
ton in Russia. Entente troops are flow
ing up to kiev from Odessa.
On our southern base the Thurman ex-
petition has the northern situation well
in hand, and the Ural forces are advanc-
ing with new and excellent organization
and equipment. By London consulta-
tons with Gen. Mannerherm. he is now
in harmony with Finland, and such steps.
active or passive, as may be taken will
be in full accord. The British fleet has
reached Reval at the urgent request Of
the Esthonian authorities, and the en-
tente is taking over the administration
Of the Esthouian railways, posts and
teleGraphs. Reval must constitute the
Baltic base. as by this time the ice con-
dtions render water approach to Petro-
grad impossible until the end of next
April.
Political Conferences Scheduled.
Important political conferences will
occur this week in Stockholm. where
the former Premier Trepoff, the for
mer assistant minister of interior,
Prince Volkonskythe; former chief Of
the department of foreign affairs.
Baron Taube: Senator Zasseadks,
Gen. Massalski and other noted Rus
SLAMS are assembled. learn that
Terestchenko also is here. The Amer
lean minister. Ira Nelson Morris, has
conferred with M. Trepof, and Gen.
Yudenich, the hero Of Erzerum, also
is visiting the legation to confer with
Mr.. Morris.
Swedish social democratic and lib
eral newspapers have expressed alarm
at what they imagine to be prepara-
lions for a monarchiStic or autocratic
coup, but I am assured that the dis
cussions were limited to the ascer-
tanning of a wide range of views, the
transmission of which would be valu-
able to the entente governments In
the formation of a Russian policy. 1t
will be recollected that there was a
similar gathering of Russian political
personages recently in town in
southern Russia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-17
PALMISTRY.

NILE. lara, SCIENTIFIC PIANIST AND
psycldc from New York. Now ut the Savoy.
i4h and Girard NV. Complete psychic read
Sings, 8. Scientific palmistry. s.. Only b.
appointment. Phone Col. 74?O.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-17
Chaos Follows Bolshevik Rule.

The bolsheviki have made such ut
ter chaos Of the Russian administra-,
ton that much expert testimony will
be needed before the details Of our
line of action can be made clear when
our military forces reach Petrograd.
Moscow and other Russian centers. A
Russian temporary administration
probably will be established if back
ed up by an armed force. Then food
will be brought in for the sufferers
and preparations will be fastened for
a constituent assembly that will en-
able the people to elect the kind Of
a government they want.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-17
Three Army Officers Reassigned.

Col George W. Winterburn, general
staff. at the Army War College; Col.
George r. Norton, ordnance depart
and Maj. Austin ]. Bruff, ordnance
department, on duty in this city, have
been ordered to report to the chief
of staff. War Department, for duty
in the purchase. storage and traffic
division.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-17
French Hotelmen Bar Enemy.

PARIS, December IT (Havas).-The
General Syndicate of French Hotel
men announces that it has decided
that for ten years it will NOT receive
a native of enemy countries as an
employe or customer. This decision
will be transmitted to organizations
of hotelmen in all the allied coun-
tries.