davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1918-07-05
STURDY PIONEER
ANSWERS LAST CALL
Lindsey c. Staley Succumbs at Local
Hospital-Had Resided Near
Pullman for Forty-Four
Years

Lindsey c. Staley, aged 81 years,
succumbed to heart and kidney
trouble at the Northwest sanitarium
Of 400 o'clock on Saturday morning
Of this week, death coming after sew
eral months of suffering. Mr.. Staley
was one of Pullmans earliest pio-
neers, having resided in the vicinity
OF Pullman for "A years. He was
horn in North Carolina on July G..
1851, attaining the age of 81 years on
the day of his death. He came west
with his parents in 1873, via San
Francisco to Oregon, and spent the
winter of 1874 in the willamette
valley six miles below Salem. The
following summer the family drove to
CofaX, camping tAere several week s
and then proceeding TO Pullman, ar
irving here August 1, 1874. ObserY-
ing the possibilities OF the bunch
grass land just south of Pullman as
farm land, Mr.. Staley, with other
members of the famil., exercised all
his land rights, taking acreage under
the homestead, preemption and tim
Der culture acts, later acquiring
additional land through purchase.
At the time of his death he owned
$50 acres of as good farm land as
can be found i'll Whitman county, all
located about six miles south of
Pullman, near the town of Staley,
named after the pioneer family
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1918-07-05

Whether or not Charley thought
he had bargain or whether he got
a look at the bill is not divulged;
however, he either felt sociable or
desperate for the last item charged
is:
Dflnkb po'1O
But rum, whiskey brandy and gin
formed part of the stock in trade
because just few days after All Wy
came in and got gallon of whiskey,
for which he went in debt 81. Just
think Of that d whole gallon for "a.
All Wy, 1t is presumed, was an ORR
entail, cousin of All Wing, who one
day came in and bought a box of sar-
dimes on credit for which he WAS
booked for 81. But that didn't both
or All any. He ate his sardines, went
back TO work and in a short time he
is credited with:
90 OF. Of gold dust .......$ 345.00
A number of Chinese names APP
pear on the books, placer mining
then being popular and profitable,
and whether someone had jumped his
claim or whether he was tender
foot and was going to take no
chances with Indians, history fails to
relate, but one day Mr.. All Chue
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1918-07-05
II Company
(Radio Operators


First Sergeant-Ward G. Hiberly
of Tacoma.
.Sergeants- Elmer e. Watson of
Spokane, Glenn S. Walker of Pull
man, Melvyll X. Smith of Spokane,
George E. Waite of Bremerton, Ben
jamin Morrison of Seattle.
c Company
(Blacksmiths and Carpenters)
First Sergeant Walter d. Bias
sett of Dayton.
rgeants-Leonard NJ. Baklund
of Bellingham, James IL. Robinson OF
Cathcart, John A. Franz of Dayen-
port. George A. Gwin of Quilicene.
A large number of acting corpor-
ais have also been appointed.
Rifles have been issued to the men
and from now on all drill viii be
with arms. Measurements for uni
forms have been completed and the
uniforms. which will be the regula-
ton cotton olive drab, have been
reouisitioned from the depot quar-
termaster at Seattle. The men OF
the training detachment will wear
the infantry blue hat cord, and the
full quota of clothing will be issued
to each, including the barrack bag
and rain coats.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1918-07-05
survive him

SUI NTNP IIIIII.
Funeral services will be held at
the Methodist church Sunday after
noon at 300 o'clock. in charge of
Whitman lodge, No. 40. f. & A. NJ.
assisted by the members of the Col
ton Masonic lodge, with which de-
ceased was affiliated The Rev. J..
w. Caughlan of the Methodist
church will officiate.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1918-07-05
Finley II. Gray, of Indiana

In these history making days every
citizen should be a statesman. With
the desire to bring first hand in
formation of our governmental pol
icy to Cadmean assemblies, Hon Fin
ley H. Gray of Indiana has been in
vited to speak on The Underlying
Causes of the War He was in con-
gress at the time German aggrava-
tons were accumulating to the point
finally reached at the outbreak of the
War He knows intimately the rea-
sons America is at war, and being a
sound logician and most forceful
speaker, is abundantly able to bring
a worth while message to the people
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1918-07-05

To waste is to give Aid and Com
fort to the enemy and that is trea-
son.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1918-07-05

Mrs, ]. NJ. Reid returned Tuesday
from near Helmer, Idaho, where she
visited her daughter, Mrs. ]. A. Ford.
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1918-07-05
EARLY DAY PRICES
HIGHER THAN NOW
Set of Books Kept by BENJAMIN Bur-
gunder in Early Sixties Show
Figures Putting Present War
Prices To Shame

Prices paid in eastern Washington
Tor bacon, flour, coffee, sugar and
other table necessities in the early
sixties would put the present war
prices to shame. according to figures
contained in set of books kept by
Benjamin Burgunder, now of Colfax,
FOR the d. II. Ferguson company,
which in the early sixties conducted
an extensive mercantile business
throughout Washington territory.
The books have been brought to light
by the secretary of the Lincoln and
Adams counties pioneer and histor-
zeal association. MIR. Burgunder is
one of the oldest pioneers of eastern
Washington, and was a prominent
character at the pioneer celebration
held here last week He was born in
New York in 1854 and in 1852
crossed the plains with horse and
mule teams, arriving at The Dalles
in September of that year. After
working in stores at The Dalles and
Walla Walla for some time he went
to Colville in 1863, engaging in COM
mercial pursuits. He came to Colfax
in 1879. where he has resided since.
Commenting on the set of books
which Mr., Burgunder so carefully
kept 80 years ago. the Davenport
Tribune says. in part:
The company did business over
large scope Of territory, its activities
extending as far north as Marcus In
Stevens county, and the name of Mar
Gus Oppenheimer, after whom the
town of Marcus was named, appears
often as a debtor for goods bought.
a sample entry, when Mr.. Open
heimer made a long journey after
goods or sent someone, being:
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1918-07-05
Fred T.. Gates

thautauqna is more than any
other one thing builder of com
munity spirit Towns and cities sue
coed only as they develop an intense
Iy loyal spirit of cooperation. Many
cities, especially Tia smaller cities.
need more OF the ginger and enthusi-
assn OF colleges baseball teams and
great commercial industries. rhe
last day of the 1913 assembly will
bring TO our city one Of the great
community builders of the west,
Fred e Gates has for years been the
chief community doctor for the cities
and towns of Kansas. Everybody in
Kansas knows Gates through his
work with the Sunday School associa-
ton. Mr.. Gates is an optimist lie
believes the smaller cities have a
wonderful opportunity and a SPLEEN
did future. But to accomplish their
best he believes in pointing out the
defects and suggesting and planning
needed reforms He does not hest
tate to particularize.
Pioneers Swiss Alpine Yodlers
A most unusual musical attraction
will appear at the big chautauqua
tent on the fifth day, both afternoon
and evening, 1t is a company of
genuine Swiss Alpine singers and
Yodlers. These people present the
beautiful songs that are sung in their
homeland and the yOdling which was
originally a means of calling from
one peak 10 another in the wild
Swiss mountains This music has a
strange wild beauty that distin-
guishes it from anything else in the
world. The company appears in the
picturesque native costume, adding
wonderfully to the attractireness OF
the programs. This is not just an
of singers only, but each
Continued on page two)
Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989, 1918-07-05

But this, was wholesale, and the
individual had to pay as much for
bacon as he does now. For instance,
on August /, 1864, one Charley Mey-
ers was charged up with the follow
ing items:
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25
Almost any sort OF raised em-

paper is full of surprises. ANY one familiar
with printing Offices is amazed at the won
derful cleanliness of the shop The presses
and machinery look more or less familiar,
and the roar of the machinery has a
friendly sound but there the similarity
ends. The transformation is due to the
fact that the blind mans paper is printed
without ink. The blind, of course read
their alphabet by the sense of touch alone.
The printing press has no ink rollers or
plates. The proverbia printers devil work..
with clean hands. The shop is as clean as
any business Office.
"Ihe blind mans paper is actually Illus
trated to the satisfaction of its readers
1t contains maps and diagrams illustrat-
ing the text, reproduced of course. in re-
lief, so that it may be read by the fin
gers of the blind. To print such map
a copper plate. or, rather, two Of them
is stamped by means of dies and the raised
lines are printed exactly as the letters
AN ingenious machine has been designed
for the work 1t consists of eight dies
which, when used singly or in combinations
produce every form of raised embossing re-
qured in making these maps and diagrams
The plate for printing full page map is
shown in an accompanying illustration. The
map, it will be seen is that of the North
Pole regions. showing the Arctic Circle
and the parallels Of latitude, with the out
lines of Greenland and the northern CONT
nents. The water instead of being ndl-
Gated by blue shading, in an ordinary
map, has been worked over with a series
of regular ELECTIONS. The boundary lines of
the land are indicated by dotted lines. The
Arctic Circle and the parallels Of latitude
continuous lines. which may be readily
distinguished. The names Of the bodies
of water and of the land are printed in
the Braille alphabet A long caption beneath
the cut explains the map. Even the route
followed by Peary is indicated by line
OF crosses which cannot be mistaken for
the other markings. These plates are
mounted on the rollers of the press like the
others and printed in the same way
GAS might be expected, the blind mans
newspaper carries large proportion of the
war news and illustrations
"The water area in maps is indicated by
a series of dots. while the land is LETT
smooth. The boundaries of the various
countries made clear to the blind reader
by raised line. The names of all the
countries and the principal bodies of water
are printed in raised characters.'
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25
Toads Are Doing Their
Bit. Too

IF YOU happen to find toad in your
war garden, don't interfere with
him. He is patriot. His work is
benefcent, and he knows precisely
what he is about.
He eats flies, moths, worms, bugs and
all sorts of noxious insects that prey on
plants. He works at high speed, too,
despite his apparent inertia. A biologi-
cal authority says a toad has been OBJ
served to snap up 1913 flies in half an
hour. Try catching that many flies
yourself, and you will gain respect for
the humble and homely batrachian.
The same authority estimates that if
cutworms do cents worth of damage
apiece, single toad may be worth 500
a season merely through his anti-cut-
worm activities.
SO do not Kill the little reptile. He
may be ugly, but he has kind heart
and disposition to do his bit toward
saving democracy. If you have not a
family of toads in your garden it will
pay to import some and guard them
zealously from small boys and lawn
mowers.-From The Aberdeen Ameri-
can.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25

1t is combination of magazine and news
paper, and has the distinction Of being the
only magazine which is sent through the
mails free of postage Its raised letters
and illustrations give it q somewhat un-
wieldy appearance, although it's weight is no
greater for that reason. To render the let
ters as distinct as possible to the fingers Of
its readers, a special heavy paper is used.
"The typcsetting machine employed in
such work does not as a matter of fact
set type in the ordinary sense. 1t is d
highly ingenious device which makes it
possible to punch the letters in sheet of
copper The machine is operated by a
keyboard like a typewriter The letters are
those of the Braillc alphabet which forms
the A, B, c of every blind mans education.
Such typcsctting machine is. of course,
much simpler than the linotype that sets
the type, casts the line and redistributcs
the letters. 1t is important that the op
orator on the blind mans machine be very
accurate, since mistake in q letter means
the wrong shaped hole in the copper sheet
which cannot be erased 1t will be no.
tced that the keyboard of the typoscttine
machine has but ten keys. This does not
mean that the Brallc alphabet has but ten
letters. Tho operator presses down the
keys in combinations of two or more at
time. thus producing the various letters
and forms Of the blind alphabet.
"Thc forms produced by the typesetting
machines produced in pairs. Later,
when they are placed on the cylinder of
the printing press, the two together
exactly overlapping, so that they inter
mesh. Each projection fits into CORE
spending aperture exactly as the two faces
OF embossing stamp. One is in relief
the other intaglio These copper plates,
which correspond to the type cylinder used
I'm ordinary newspaper printing, are locked
on the cylinders of a specially constructed
printing press. With each revolution of
lhe cylinders the two copper plates of eacn
page come together and ntermcsh with abb
solute accuracy. To print the page a sheet
of manila paper is fed into the press As it
passes between the cylinders the PRESSURE
which is considerable, forces the paper into
the openings in the copper plate and a
moment later it comes out raised exactly
reproducing the copper plates. The raised
letters have been neatly stamped INTO the
sheet.
"1he printing Office of the blind mans
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25

they return and the effect passes off. 1t
seems az if fear could cause a sort of
mental concussion Now if one regards
mental activity as dependent on the flow
of thought, or the play of consciousness,
along the thousands of nerve fbres with
in the brain, and if mental shock sus-
pends for a time the passage of those
nerve impulses, we can readily imagine
a suspension of nerve action which is
temporary and not due to actual disease.
Many regard these nerve impulses as
electrical in nature, and we may imagine
Il grounding of the nerves or an arrest
of conductivity such as puts our tele-
phones out in a thunderstorm. Then or
derby thought, clear conscious percep-
ton, voluntary activity may be suspend
ed for a time-but return when the storm
is over. These are analogies only, but
they help one to picture the state of the
mind and the brain in shell shock.
1T has been known for a long time
that sudden changes in atmospheric press
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25
More Light On Shell Shock

scopic in size, hundreds in number, have
been found scattered irregularly through
the brain. These destroy not only nerve
cells but also the nerve fbrcs which
carry the messages from cell to cell and
enable the processes of association of
ideas and memories to 90 on in the mind
The mechanism of thinking is in this way
completely thrown out of gear Such
little clots may in time during life be
absorbed, like the hemorrhage caused by
a bruisc, so that their existence is not
necessarily fatal and does not perma-
nently incapacitate the individual.
In other cases changes in the cells Of
the brain are produced which arc known
to follow continued emotional strain or
long continued sleeplessness in animals.
If a rabbit is kept awake for one hum
drcd hours it dies Of exhaustion in spite
Of feeding. If a rat is frightened to
death it shows the same brain condition
found in the rabbit These changes in
brain conditions found in the rabbt are
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25

characteristic of exhaustion. The brain
cell, like a grape, has a skin and an inter
nal framework filled in with gelat:nous
material. When it is put to work this
material is used up until at last the
framework and skin are empty, like a
dried raisin. If the work ceases while
little gelatne remains nature may pro-
vide a new supply through the blood and
fill the skin again. But if the substance
IS all used up no regeneration is possible.
Now, under emotional strain or sleep
lessness or exhaustion the same changes
occur that we see after work, and hence
we believe that as basis of shell shock
in some cases there is a state of dsnte-
grafton in the brain cells of greater or
less degree
"There is still another explanation,
which happily applies to very many of
the cases. IF one receives n sudden blow
upon the head state known as concus-
sion results, in which for time all the
faculties are suspended But later on
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25
one type OF the air gun pneumatic
structon for riveng variety of other purposes

Its bore is only an inch and an eighth.
mere toy besides the seventy five but it
has range of 5000 miles Hats off to the
air gum!
That is what every shipyard worker calls
the tool that made possible the biggest
splash in history, when nearly 100 ships
aggregating nearly half million tons.
sApped OF the ways OF American shipyards
on the Fourth of July Without the pneu-
matte hammer the building of tenth mart
of these ships would have been inpossible
The air gun is taking its place. too.
alongside the polo mallet, the tennis rae
quet and the brassie an implement of
sport The most exciting international
sporting event of recent years is tho con-
test, now in full swing. for the rivetine
championship of the world Three tim..
IN as many months the title has crossed
the Atlantic; it has been held in England
IN Scotland and in Ireland, where il now
remains; 1t has been held on the Atlantic
Coast and on the Great Lakes. with Pacific
ports as close contenders. Down on th.
Gulf there are riveting gangs that hone
some day to bring the championship To tina,
section.
The worlds record as this is writ+en j..
held by John Moir, of Belfast, whose certified
performance Of 1l,209 standard rivets in
the floors of ship in nine-hour dav
elected cablegram of congratuation from
Director General Charles NJ. Schwab of the
Emergency Fleet Corporation.
The Importance of rivets is obvious when
1t is realized that even comparatively
small steel freighter, say $500 deadweisht
tons, has more than half million riyets IN
It's construction; 10000 ton ship will have
nearly a million rvets. Most of these must
be water-tight, many Of them oil-tight a.
well. Rlvets hold together the plates and
beams that form the keel the floors and
the frames OF the ship; they fasten the
shell plates to each other and to the frames;
they secure the inner sheathing or ceiling
and the bulkheads that divide the water
tight compartments; they fasten the deck
beams in place and the decks to the beams:
they attach the hatch coamngs and make
the upper works secure: from boilers snd
shaft tunnels to bridge and cro'nest the
building OF the ship depends upon rvcts,
rivets. and nothing but riyeta-' 4
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25

ure produce startling effects upon the
nervous system thorough the blood. Just
as the removal of the cork from a bottle
of champagne sets free bubbles OF gas in
the fluid, SO the sudden removal of at
mospheric pressure from the body sets
free bubbles of gas in the blood and
these, by acting as plugs in the finer
vessels, cut off the brain and nervous
system from the blood supply and thus
derange their action. Now it has been
shown that the explosion of large shells
causes an atmospheric pressure of ten
tons to the square yard on bodies within
fifty feet, and this is succeeded at once
by corresponding decrease of pressure.
Thus the secondary effect Of the .explo-
sion Of shell is to cause gases to form
In the blood which may paralyze or even
kill. This is the explanation of deaths in
the trenches without evidence of exter-
nal injury, and is also accepted as the
underlying cause of some cases of she'll
shock"
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25

THE gun that will win the war is not
Il the big Bertha" that has been
sheling Paris, nor yet the Allied inven-
ton which pierces the armor of the Ger
man tanks, but the air gun or pneumatic
hammer which rivets our ships, accord
ing to Worlds Work." from which the
following appreciation of that weapon is
taken
early in the war we heard a great deal
about the German 42-centimetre gun Then
the English four -point-seven' anti-air-
craft gun attracted attention. Lately we
have read Of the remarkable performances
CT the French three inch gun, the wonder
full little seventy five Now the German
gun that has been shelling Paris at range
of seventy-five miles has added a new chap
ter to the record of Schrecklichkeit
"But the gun that will win the war is
none of these. 1t is weapon Of which
America has countless batteries in action
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25
Co.. The Great Workshop Of Science @kazdzHHH
Story of Treenails

width of the nail, are driven in two inches
ana are about one-quartcr of an inch thick
where they are cut off. Wedges are driven
so as to spread the nail against the end
grain of the planking, because if they were
driven the other way the panking might be
split.
There is something else besides the
drift and the wedgng of the head to hold
the treenail tight. When the boat is put
into the water the nail swells. The auger
hole cnlargcs, too; but here curious prop
erty OF wood comes into play to clamp the
treenail more firmly in it's place. Wood
shrinks and swells, with reduction or in
crease in its moisture content, very slight
ly lengthwse of the lumber so that the
difference in the auger hole is very slight
but it shrinks or swells considerably the
other way, so that the seasoned treenail
becomes appreciably enlarged when it is
soaked, and by pressing against the fbrcs
of the planking increases immensely it's
holding power
If you look at the side of wooden ship
you will see signs of these tremendous
wooden nails. 1t looks all smooth, and no
doubt many landsman supposes that the
planking is nailed on just like the siding
Of house The reason for this smooth
ness is that after the wedging has all been
done the outside of the ship is carefully
smoothed off even with the planking; then
coat of paint makes the ship look as
much like one piece as a canoe