davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13
Little Russia and Her Stormy Career

Russia against Poland, with Poland against
Turkey, with Turkey against the Tatars.
They assisted in placing an unfrocked monk
upon the throne at Moscow. They were
simply natural warriors who rejoiced in that
occupation The warrior shaved his head
except for a wisp on the crown, which was
allowed to grow lorg enough to wind around
the ears.
although processing the Orthodox Greek
faith, they were the brigands and the cor
sairs of Christianity. Though nominaly
subjects of Poland for a long time, the
Ukrainians we're constantly involving Po-
land in trouble with the Tatar and Turkish
rulers. At times they even captured Polish
peasants and sold them as slaves TO the
Tatars, who in turn passed them on to
Persians
"Thc most serious conflict waged by
Poland with her rebellious Ukrainians was
during the insurrection under Chmielncki
in 1649. The massacres and cruelties per-
petratcd by the half-civilized bordes from
the Ukraine were as barbarous as those of
the American Indians during the onward
march OF the whites.
"On the failure Of his rebellion Chemiel-
nicki offered the annexation of Little Rus
sia to Moscow. The offer was accepted in
1863, when it came under the suzerainty of
that growing empire Always striving for
complete independence, the Ukraine was
never quite able to achieve it. Two wars
with Poland resulted from that action.
"lt was more than a century after its
incorporation before the entire province
was brought into cOrnnlete s11hiection hv
the developing Russian Empire The 'het-
man was maintained for some time, but this
office was abolished by the vigorous Cath
crime the Great, and under her it became
an integral part of the empire.
"The Ukraine's experiences with war and
disaster would long ago have broken the
spirit of gifted with less elastic
temperament. There are elements in their
temperament that enable them to stand much
oppression without revolt. This character
lstlc may help the German in his attempts
to make the Ukraine subject nation.
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13
Swiss Canal Projects

propriations have been cut down. Ju-
venile delinquency has increased at least
40 per cent, due to this and other
causes. Now England has discovered
her mistake. and is endeavoring to reor-
ganize her free education, and is appro-
priating several millions for the pur-
pose. This because eve have no right
to handicap these children because of
The states necessities of the moment"
The British Health of Munitions Work
ers' Committee says: when war is de-
stroying so much of its best manhood
the nation is under special obligation to
secure that the rising generation grow
up strong and hardy, both in body and
character. 1t is necessary to guard not
only against immediate breakdown. but
also against the imposition of strains
which may stunt future growth and de.
velopment." The Importance of taking
such a stand is greatly emphasized by
an investigation of seventeen towns
made by the English Home Office. This
study revealed SO per cent increase
in larceny and so per cent increase
in assaults and gambling by children.
The condition seems to be almost uni
versal in England France and Italy, and
almost as bad in Canada.-Ihc Christian
Herald.
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13

lie was dining one night in Paris with
the family of French officer. Several
members Of the party were amateur musi-
c'ans and there was music. Suddenly there
was the sound Of the sirens indicating Paris
was about to be raided from the air.
The windows were closed at once and
curtains hung over them,' said Mr.. Dam
rosch. Then of The women of tho
party exclaimed. completely ignoring the
rad, as did the others: n
Heres lovely little thing by Schu
bert. III sing it,
"And she did; (; composition by Schubert
German composer"
When Mr.. Damrosch reached Paris run,ors
OF possible evacuation of the city were
current considerable part Of the ponula.
ton had left and there was anxiety in many
French hearts.
But very quickly all that was changed"
said the musician.
Liperty bonds had provided a constant
stream of men and supplies from Amar;..
After the fighting at Chateau Thierrv 4
became apparent to the whole of Frarcc
mat the active participation of our countr,.
'' '"e war would mean ultimately an Allied
victory Hence, the spirit Of the country
"pesa,'y changed, people returned to Psr,s,
ana therc arose the most fervent love on
l"e part oil the French for all things Ameri-
can.
AN THESE things have been made possible
~ |'oertS bonds, and heavy overs -subscrip-
"on OF the Fourth Liberty Loan will carry
on inc work Of saving civilization that has
been SO well begun
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13
----.,---..-'s-.-Fz
- 49, 4
-,

"The Little Russians have worked b,r4
and fought hard, and they have emerged :
fairly united and still vigorous people Tha
population increases more steadily than
that of Great Russia, as the people sro
greatly attached to home and do not car.
to wander far from their native villays,
They are great lovers of the soil and cli,r
to it with passionate tenacity.
"The Ukraine includes Southwestern gu.-
sia, with the exception of the provln..
known as Bessarabia, which partakes of sbs
character of the Balkan States and !,
peopled with Rumanians and Bulgarian.
The great seaport of Odessa and surround.
ing country have been added to it under
the new alignment.
"The Ukraine does not reach much north
Of Kiev or east of Kharkov. but it is larrc
state in itself, about as large as the Ger.
man Empire, with some twenty-five or
thirty millions of people living in it.
There is lure about the limitless
stretches of the steppes in the Ukraine. In
wide, level spaces, in gentle undulations
they reach out until the sky and horizon
meet in q barely perceptible line Parts Of
it remind one very much OF our own West
ern prairies. in the spring and summer !.
is an ocean OF verdure, with the varied
shades of green Of the growing vegetation
interspersed with flowers OF many hues.
later, in the autumn, after the crops are
harvested, it becomes q brown waste Of
stubble and burned up pastures; in Writer
it is a white, glistening expanse of snow.
"The unending forest land of the north
has disappeared-not suddenly, but by de.
grees. Most of it is treeless, however, and
a feeling of sadness and almost depression
involuntarily creeps upon one as he travels
over the steppes for the first time
There are not many old towns in the
Ukraine. Except in Kiev and Kharkcv
one will hardly hr) building more tran
q hun ired years old. No old medisuI
churches built up by the toll of generations
of devout hands, no old chateaux of the
nobility, no palaces rich in pictures, will
be encountered. The great majority of the
towns are still big. overgrown Villages
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13
LaborL Legislation in Mex

\ RTICLE 1923 Of the new constitution
A Of Mexico, relative to labor and So
cial welfare, is "a beacon of light in the
history of labor legislation" declares
"The Mexican Review" which presents
the following synopsis Of the article in
question, taken from the Latin American
Year Book Of 1918:
"The new constitution provides that Con-
gress and the legislatures of the states shall
regulate labor matters, provided all egisla-
tion adopted is along the following lines: A
maximum days work Of eight hours in the
day time and seven hours in night time. In
unhealthy and dangerous occupations also in
night work and for children of twelve to
sixteen years, the working day must be six
hours. Labor of children under twelve is
forbidden. A day OF rest for each six days
is established. Liberal provisions are
adopted in reference to the work of married
women for the protection Of their children.
Minimum wages shall be fixed according to
local conditions. Workmen will have the
right TO part of the profits. Equal wages
are established for both sexes and all ma.
tionaltics. The minimum wage cannot be
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13
Es69824E5a57 Around the World and Back Again -

subject to discount or rebate. All wages are
to be paid in legal money. Overtime shall
be paid ut double price, and under no cir
cumstanccs more than three hours overtime
is allowed. No overtime is permitted for
women, or children under sixteen. En-
ploycrs in agricultural, mining any other
enterprise arc compelled to furnish healthy
and comfortable lodgings for the workmen
and tho rent charged for them cannot OK
coed per cent year Of the assessed value
of the building. Employers are also obliged
to furnish schools, hospitals, markets, ETC.,
when necessary, and are forbidden to open
barrooms and gambling places for their
workmcn. They are liable for accidents and
illness. The adoption, in shops and fac
tories, of sanitary conditions and devices
for the prevention of accidents is compul-
sorry. Both employc and employer have the
right to associate for the defence of their
interests. The law recognizes the right to
strike and lock out. Strikes are forbidden
when brought by acts of violence or in case
Of war, when affecting government services.
Military establishments, however, arc under
military law. Lockouts arc only recognized
when necessary because of an excess in the
production. Boards Of conciiaton and ar
bitration are established for the settlement
Of all labor differences. Arbitration of
labor difficulties is compulsory. Employers
refusing to arbtratc arc liable to pay their
workmen three months salary. Workmen
refusing to arbitratc will, by their refusal,
forfeit their rights per their contracts.
Debts for wages arc preferent. Employees
shall not be required TO pay agents COM
mission for obtaining positions for them.
"No labor contract is valid il it provides
for longer working day than allowed, or if
the wage is exceedingly low; if payments
arc not made at least every week; if pay
ments are made in pleasure resort so that
workmen are liable to spend their wages
Immediately there. Thc workmen cannot be
compelled, either directly or indirectly, to
buy from certain merchants. Wages cannot
be held under the prctext of fines. No con-
tract is valid if the workmcn forfeit therein
their right to indemnity and compensation
for accidents or damages"
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13

Ger to his death. The latter had made a
practice parachute jump of 1000 feet from
an observation balloon. high wind had
carried him a considerable distance, and in
landing he became hopelessly entangled in
the cordage. The parachute was caught by
strong air current and blown at terrific
speed across the field, pulling its helpless
prisoner with it. At the same instant the
cyclist, passing along a nearby motor road,
saw the officers plight. He swcrvcd his
machine into the field, and raced at top
speed squarely into the middle of the bcllied
parachute. The ropes foulcd the machine
and the weight OF the latter anchored the
derelict against further movement"
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13

were impending 1t was a critical time in
the history OF the world. Yet among the
ten or dozen persons who dined with the
general and from the general himself there
was no hint-savc the hint that I was the
only person present in civilian attre-~that
one OF the biggest battles in history had
begun MOI FAR away We talked Of music
OF its inspiration to an arn,y-of it's
soothing effect upon jaded nerves when
fighters relaxed temporarily from the strain
of battle.
General Porshing wished to have his
boys have the best of music and an unfail-
ing supply oil it. We discussed means Of
accomplishing this. Then at the table de-
N'5cd a scheme for d school for our band
masters, but first told the general that it
would be necessary for me to examine all
our bandmasters and that must hear them
leading q band
There was no result that night, but later
a smiling aid met me and told me nv plan
had been approved. | was TO receive everv
'hing that needed-even the services of
band with which to test bendmasters.
returned to Paris and an infantry band
soon followed ME. received the use of
ample quarters for the tests.
"Ihc tests which followed were inter-
est'ng We went at it in very systematic
manner. Hundreds Of bandmasters came "a
Paris for examinations in leading band
mat was one phase. There were also writ
ten examinations which determined the abil-
ity OF the bandmasters to orchestrate and
perform other functions Of a bandn,aster
IN the held. From these bandmasters punils
for the school were selected
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13
General Pershing Talked Only About Music

and better music in our army The boys
were without any relaxation from the trc-
mcndous strain OF lighting when they re-
turned to their isolated camps, il their
band was not active; and he wished them
TO be filled with the inspiration Of good
music.
The army had been hurried to France and
bands were not always receiving tic op-
portunity for practice that belonged TO
them. Often when q regimental band
reached the front musica! Instruments were
abandoned. and hence, for that particular
regiment, there was no martial music
Mr.. Damrosch was in Paris, where he con-
Quoted on the national French fdte day
a symphony concert with an orchestra
of eighty III the famous Salle des Concerts
du Conservatoire. Learning of his pres
cncc in Paris, General Pcrshing sent An Of
tcer to the musician to ask that ne 20 70
the headquarters of the commander in chief
near the front
Mr.. Damrosch presented himself at the
generals chateau near the close of the first
day OF the great Allied drive in which the
American forces became potent factors in
the war
when arrived at tho generals chateau
the commander in chief was still at the
'front.' said Mr.. Damrosch recently in the
'workroom" in his New York home. 81 WAS
made comfortable until the generals re-
turn. General Pershins greeted me pleas
antly, with no word of the war and soon
aftcrward We sat down to dinner.
ut was the day of the beginning of the
turnin~ of the adverse tide. Great events
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13
The Man Who Died and
the Man Who Prayed

HERE is story from the German
l. L "Muenchener Post" which illus
trates the elaborate German "red tape"
system and throws light on the German
food situation:
Zone day old man came to the munich
pal food administration and asked for
bread ration ticket, as he was starving.
After all the particulars had been taken,
he received the reply that the matter would
be investigated The man died the follow
ing day OF exhaustion. Five days later the
food administration sent two loaves Of
bread to the house with the explanation
that one loaf was for the last eight days
and the other one for the coming week
The chief of the food administration was
unpleasantly surprised on hearing the re-
port that the man had been dead five days
of exhaustion after he had been supplied
with loaf of bread for the last week"
''Thc German Democracy Bulletin"
of New York, announces:
"His Majesty William has conferred the
order of the Black Eagle on his court chap
lain, DR.. Dryandcr. DR.. Won Dryander, if
you please, from now on. This is believed
TO be the first time that a clergyman has
received the highest order which hereto
fore belonged only to army leaders and
royalties. 1t is, however, the first time that
a divine had to pray SO often and so fer
vently to the special God of the Kaiser to
make the German people believe in a final
victory"
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13

"Fhcse tests concluded, returned to the
territory about General Pcrshing's head
quarters. 1t was necessary to find a site
for the school This VIC discovered in a
large mill owned by French farmer who
was we'll to do before the war lie gladly
gave his consent for our use of the mill.
at rental SO slight it isn't worth mention
ing. In one part OF the building VIC noticed
that a number of people We're living
I'VE asked il they could not be removed.
"'No, they must remain he replied
They arc refugees from Verdun and have
given to them my word that they may live
here until the end Of the war
$50 IN the school they arc to this day
I'VE secured the services Of some of the
Rnest teachers in France for the school
for bandmast ters and band musicians. |
laid out complete courses OF instruction.
and even wrote treatjse on the use of the
baton One novel and amusing feature OF
the equipment of our school is a large size
mirror, so that a bandmastcr under train
ing Is able to see Just how he conducts
how he handles the baton.
We have been able TO effect certain re-
forms III the matter OF bands. Thev are
TO receive under the new dispensation ample
opportunity for practice. With the facil-
ties now provided we should soon develop
bands cqual!ing those of any nation in the
world"
Mr.. Damrosch found that the spiritual
side OF the French was becoming upDermost
because OF their years in warfare. There
was no race hatred in France. In illus,ra-
r'on OF 'n's absence of bitterness, Mr..
Damrosch related this incident;
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13
Portland's Ship Production

III r rapid growth Of the shipbuildins
industry is shown by the figures
announced from Portland, Ore. at which
port there are many shipyards now III
1uil working order. In December, 1919
about four thousand men were empoyed
IN the yards there and the monthly pay
roll averaged S302, 400 In May THIS year
there were 29,700 men in the shipyards
and they drew S3.2l3, 900 a month. The
total value of contracts now on hano Il
more than s1s0,00O. 600 From 7hs
Rudder
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13

N AN article in "Thc National Geo
graphic Magazine" Nevin O. Winter
IL makes an interesting contribution
to the story Of the Ukraine lie
writes in part:
"Thc name Ukraine means border
marches For centuries it was the bulwark
that protected Poland and Lithuania from
the Tatars, Turks and other migrating Ori-
entails. AS a result it has had cruel task
masters.
"The native population was largely Cos
sacks-a wild and unruly people at that
time. They were not originally a tribe, but
were men who went forth into the wilder
ness to find freedom The vast steppcs,
covered with grass to the height of a
horse, within which a multitude Of game
lurked, lured them on.
"Thcrc were Poles and Lithuanians and
Russians and even Turks among them
They became marvellous shots, riders and
swimmers; their horses were famous for
their swiftness and endurance. Their diff
ferences gradually blended in unity of
purpose and principle.
Tho name Zaporogians was applied to
the community that was the heart and soul
of the great Ukraine. Their government
was crude, but very republican in form.
Each year the old officers laid down their
duties in tho presence OF general as
scmbly, even in that day called the Rada,
and new ones were then chosen.
GAS any member Of the tribe could be
elevated to the highest office, it permitted
each one to aspire to this dignity. The
highest official was known as the 'hctman'
If unpopular he was sometimes chokcd to
death'-an effective, if cruel, displacement
"They carried on an intermittent war
fare with Tatars on the east, stealing their
cattle and occasionally sacking the unpro-
tected towns. Again, their warring excur-
sons would be directed against the Turks,
to the southeast, in the Balkans. When
tired of this they turned northward to the
Slavonic population.
"Thcse carly Ukrainans were ever at war
with somebody and for somebody They
fought with Poland against Russia, with
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13
"HE difficulties in which Switzer-
land finds herself for lack Of
H. proper means of communication


proper means of communication
with all but tho contingent bel
ligerent countries have caused the old
but never before seriously considered
project of a direct waterway connect
ing Geneva with Marscilles to be taken
up again. Although further improve
ment of the Rhine upstream to Basel
has been much discussed for many years
and a heavy boat traffic to and from the
northern Swiss metropolis has been car
ricd on during six out of twelve months,
no direct waterway such as the one now
under discussion has been actively con-
sidercd
The German press emphasizes the
fact that a further Improvement of the
Rhine between Strasbourg and Basel
can be finished within five years, and
that thenceforth boats of 1000 tons
could reach Basel from Rotterdam dur
ing at least ten months of the year.
German technical, commercial and fnan-
cal experts do their best to brand the
project of establishing direct water
route from Marseilles via the Rhone to
Geneva as utopian. The anxiety Of the
'unselfsh" Teuton can easily be under
stood because Germany's exports to
little Switzerland amounted in 1913 to
not less than 500 900 900 marks. or per
cent of the Fatherland's total exports.
On the other hand the Swiss had
to # hot b0
present world war and of German arro-
gance and eXtorton during the last four
wears. Furthermore. experts figure that
an Improvement Of the Rhone between
Lyons and Geneva would be only little
more expensive and much more profit
able than the improvement of the Rhine
from Strasbourg to Basel. South Of
Lyons the Rhone is navigable for large
boats all the year round, and the river
is connected, near its estuary, with Mar
seiles, the greatest French seaport
through deep ship canal.
While it costs 1850 francs TO ship a
ton of grain by rail from Marselles to
Geneva. the freight by boat on the inn
and could be reduced to 7.37 francs in
case the upper Rhone would be canal
lied. That means the freight would be
cheaper from Marseiles to Switzerland
than from Rotterdam by nearly 10 per
cent.
Plans for connecting Switzerland by
Il canal with Genoa or Venice, and even
with the Atlantic, have been discussed,
but dismissed as impractcable because
Of the prohibitivc cost of building and
The higher freight rates. Certain COM
mcrcial Swiss circles, among them the
Zurich Chamber of Commerce, favor the
Improvement of the Rhone and the
Rhine in order to create two waterways
connecting Switzerland with the sea-
But that double project manifestly
sprang from the peculiar situation Gre
atcd by the present war and takes into
account conditions which will cease to
exist with the defeat of the Hun.
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13
No Discrimination in
Japan

\ YOUNG Japanese girl has obtained
4 license as sea captain. Her name
IS Iatzu 1mamizo, and she received hel
training from her father, with whom she
sailed the Inland Sea. When she ap
pHed for license the authorities hesi
lated, for she was the first woman whc
ever sought recognition as skipper. 4,
'hefe was no provision permitting dis
crlmlnatlon on account of sex, the license
was iSsued.--from a Department Of La
Dor bulletin.
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13
Boy Workers in Colorado

ROIS are solving Colorado's food and
labor problems, according to bull
letin issued by the Information and Edu-
cation Service Of the Department of La
Dor. An example of what the youthful
patriots of the state are accomplishing
is given in the success of the Boys Pig
clubs, IN Fremont County, where
sixty-fvc clubs have been organ
lied, and an addition of 10000 or more
pounds to the meat supply is expected.
Farmers have realized the value of how
labor and are sending in calls to the
New-York tribune., 1918-10-13

I Ia General Pershing returned from
the front TO his headquarters in
French chateau. lie had as his guest that
night Walter Damrosch, director &C the
New York Symphony Orchestra and one Of
the foremost musicians and composers in
the world Although not so many milcs
away big guns were pounding and masses
OF troops were in action, there wls no talk
OF war.
All of The conversation wss of music
aud its Importance to the soldier in war
time
This picture of General Pershing, the
father Of our boys abroad, calm, confident,
self-reliant and able to drive from his nina
during the dinner hour al thought Of war
and fasten it upon one of the arts, is given
by Mr.. Damrosch, who has just returned
to the United States from France where
at the request of General Pershing he es-
tablshcd school for bandmasters and for
the lesser known instrumentsth oboes,
bassoons and French horns--in our mill
tary bands.
The composer and conductor feels that
General Pcrshing is cminently the man for
leadership in our army abroad and that to
support him and his boys with Liberty
bonds is only the plainest sort of duty
For as Mr., Damrosch saw the general his
genius for the biz detail Of n large army
neglected no big or no little thing. General
PcrShipG felt that there should be more