davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Valdez daily prospector., 1918-05-01

Frank Herman arrived in town this morning on the steamship Alameda, from the Nizina country.
Valdez daily prospector., 1918-05-01
HYAK DOWN SOUND

The launch Hyak left for down sound points today with mali ana passengers.
Valdez daily prospector., 1918-05-01
NulatO Endorses Sulzer

NULATO, May 1.-Sulzer II, Ma loney 0, Wickersham 1.
Valdez daily prospector., 1918-05-01

c. Tjosevig is Valdez passenger on the steamship Alaska.
Valdez daily prospector., 1918-05-01
PREPARING FOR RATTLE

BIRTHS HARMY, May 1.-Indica- tions this afternoon are to the effect that the Germans are preparing to re- new the battle of Flanders.
Valdez daily prospector., 1918-05-01

o. P. Hubbard returned from Cor dova this morning on the steamship Alameda.
Valdez daily prospector., 1918-05-01
Nenana Solid for Sulzer

NENANA, May 1.-One hundred and eight votes were cast here yester- day, Sulzer receiving III and Wick ersham 2.
Valdez daily prospector., 1918-05-01

Eyak Safe for Democracy EYAK, May 1.-Sulzer 20, Maloney
Valdez daily prospector., 1918-05-01

ANCHORAGE. May 1-Anchorage, Eska. Chfckaloon, Was
Valdez daily prospector., 1918-05-01

Sitka for SulZer SITKA, May 1.-Sulzer 55, Malon- ey g.
Valdez daily prospector., 1918-05-01
NO MAY DAY STRIKES

WASHINGTON, D. C., May 1.-' No May Day strikes of any conse- uuence were called anywhere today.
Valdez daily prospector., 1918-05-01

AS, Maloney ,. Wickersham IS. Con- >> nelly 4. ~
Valdez daily prospector., 1918-05-01
GibbOn for Sulzer FORT GIBBON, May 1.-Sulzer

HUNGER For three years America has fought starvation in Belgium Wh11 you Rat lsss whea4 meat -fsks and sugar that vve may still send
 food in ship loads2
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07
ERE is a project with stirring
challenge to the imagination.

ERE is a project with a stirring
challenge to the imagination.
To send vast army Of air.
planes to the Western front, over the
Atlantic, propelled by their own power!
A few weeks ago Major General Will
lam Brancker, Of the British Royal Air
Force, who is controller general Of the
British Air Equipment and a member Of
the new British Air Council, stated that
the enterprise Of flight across the At
lantic should be undertaken just as soon
as possible.
Last week w. II. Workman, the Amer
ican manager for the Handley-Paige air.
plane, announced that he had laid be-
fore authorities in Washington plan to
build 10000 bombing planes in this
country and fly them over to France.
Deliveries could be made, the plan as
serted, by the spring of next year.
There would, of course, be certain
amount Of wear and tear sustained by
the machines in transit, to saw nothing
of the loss of machines; but these draw
backs, he estimated, would probably not
equal the average loss of airpianes
shipped across. Little or no loss of life
need result. Finally, 10000 big Ameri-
can bombing planes in France next year
would win the war. They would, accord
ing to Mr.. Workman
"be sufficient to drop $4,000 tons Of explo-
sives every night on German lines Of com
rnunication, bridges, ammunition dumps and
plants, and fortified places. TO grasp what
this means, it Is equal to $4,000 of the
largest shells fred by the biggest guns yet
constructed, the 1e-nch coast defence guns.
But, while the extreme trajectory Of such
a gun carries shell weighing about one
ton about thirty miles, the Handley-Psire
aerial dreadnought will easily carry from
Paris to Berlin several times the destruc-
tive power OF one such she'll, and do 1t
nightly, week In and week out. And at the
end of thirty or sixty days, il there were
anything left Of the Germans, they would
cry for peace While doing all this each
machine with the strong armament which It
will carry will be able to defend itself
against all attacks made upon it by enemy
aircraft
"This is gigantic undertaking. but Il
means that thc country must get behind It
and accomplish it. When the Administration
ut Washington wants to sell five billions
Of Liberty bonds the nation gets behind IL.
When the War Department makes up its
mind TO put million troops into France by
July the nation and the shipping get be-
hind that 1t will, therefore, be necessary
for the nation to get behind programme
OF this kind in the same manner. and then
we cannot fail"
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07

tion Of aeroplanes capable Of doing this Is
considered easy by prominent manufact-
urers. These would also fly at high alti-
tudes and would be assisted by the trade
winds. Such flight might be done under
twenty hours.
The fourth plan would be by flying boats.
or hydroaeroplanes, starting from New
foundland and flying to ireland, 1900 miles.
taking on gasolene from ships at intervals
OF about 800 miles along the route.
The fifth would be fight by land aero
planes, large or small, from Newfoundland
to the Azores, 1875 miles, and from the
Azores to Portugal, $50 miles.
Inc sixth would be by means Of hydro
aeropanes flying from Newfoundland to the
Azores and from the Azores to Ireland.
taking on fuel from ships 200 miles apart
along the route"
Aerial Age" states that plans of the
committee of the Aero Club, which has
been investigating for four years the
matter of transatlantic fight, show
that
there are seven different ways and five
routes for the transatlantic flight. The club
has had plans submitted for every one Of
these plans and for each of the routes, and
Tor every type of aircraft, lighter as well
as heavier than air.
For obvious reasons the plan to f1y across
the Atlantic by using the southern route.
from Pernambuco, Brazil, to Cape Verde.
Africa, which is only about 1000 miles. with
the Island of st. Paul on the way. and the
northern route by way of Labrador. Green
land, Iceland, Farce Islands, to England.
cannot be considered. In each case the
nlghc over water is shorter than by the
other routes, but they are not practical ct
present.
General Brancker points out thss Il ia
possible to make the fight by both seaplane
and land aeroplane, but for the flight to the
Azores he points out very rightly that
the seaplane will be the best, because IL
can easily land on the water, while it would
be difficult to establish a landing Mace for
a land aeroplsne."
On the other hand, Mr.. Workman
points out:
Now supposing that it should not he
considered altogether possible to hy tho
1880 miles from Newfoundland to the
Azores in perfect safety. England recentlv
sank severAlN obsolete destroyers at Ostend
In she British and American navies there
surely must be at least ten destroyers in
state of obsolescence which could ba
sS1etcneo out across the 1880 miles, between
oesemoer ! ana May !, to act as lightships,
and the pilots of the airplanes would nsvns
be out OF sight Of destroyer With this
ald' together with their compasses and
wireless, ! cannot see why single ma
chine need be lost unless on account OF
engine failure. This will not happen to all
the -FOUR engines with which the aerial
dreadnoughts are equipped, and the flight
coula De continued with two or three en-
gines to tho Azores, or, II not, to the near.
est destroyer and the pilots and men ha
rescued" w
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07
Ea31zM Ea83z1zzzMa Around the World and Back Again

Druses in the hills southwest Of Aleppo,
where the people admit to being immi-
grants, and still older ones in Mesopota-
mia not far from The Euphrates. There
are also some Druses In Lebanon, where,
having accepted the Turkish yoke and
outwArdly protesting Islam, they seem
like another people. For 1t is their relig-
ion perhaps more than anything else that
separates the real Druses from their
neighbors, and this they keep a secret"
The writer then recounts the only
piece Of information he had ever been
able to draw from the Druses on this
subject:
"This sole bit had come to US from the
lips Of All aged and pious Druse whom we
had met a few years before in the noun
tains of Northern Syria. He was very
poor and we had employed him rs a guide
for many days together, thereby helping
him to exc out his modest subsistence. He
became deeply devoted to US and often be-
came unusually communicative on subjects
touching his people. Once, on being asked
to tell Us something about the Druse relig-
ion, he seemed almost on the point Of
divulging some Of the secrets, and then
suddenly checked himself with this story:
1T is not possible for mo to tell you Of our
beginning. It was in this wise. In the
beginning, God created the heavens and
the earth and man. Then, after = space,
man sinned and God sent great prophet
into the world to redeem it, and that proph-
cts name Moses and almost all the
peoples in the world followed him; but
the Druscs did not. Then time elapsed,
and tho world was still sinful, and God
sent another great prophet into the world
to redeem is, and that prophet was his
Son Jesus, and almost ali the people who
remained followed him, but the Druses did
not. Thsn more tins elapsed and the
world was still sinful, and God sent another
great prophet into the world 10 redeem It,
and that prophet was Mahomet, and eli
the people who remained followed him ex-
cept the Druses. Then God was much
troubled and he sent tho Angel Gabriel to
the Druses with this message: II have
sent three great prophets into the world,
and all the people have followed one or
another, out the Druses have not seen At
to follow any OF them; must send an
other?" And the Druses sent back to God
by the Angel Gabriel this message: "God
is enough for us."'"
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07

would have IL end. All in ali, these ~.
mopolites, from many known and manv nv
Identified places, make themselves at bon..
in this inland island, the Swiss Renuhi;'
surrounded by sea of bellgerent peonl.s'
Needle your way along the arcaded ga
walks OF Borne Or permit yourself tn i.
carried along by the current Of human =.
ings that surges up one side and down a.
other Of the Bahnhofstrasse of Zyr;.I.
watch the people, trek through the sbor.
and idle away an hour in some tea-room ~
hotel lobby. Your impression will be- tbs.
Of all travellers: Outwardly Switzerland
appears to be q nation Of intense activ;t,
of thriving industry, of happiness and pros'
perity. With the war the influx Of tourist,
ceased and the immigration of tourist ,uh'
stitutes began. The homeless, the radica,
the Bolsheviki and the trouble makers hav.
taken the place Of the sightseers. Tbs
man with a bulging brain and an em,t.
stomach predominates. The Swiss topr,..
to-day brings more ideas than money. and
his appetite is as keen as his inteIless
Switzerland has become the home for ttn
friendless Of Europe, the dininx-rooru "a,
the exiles, and the headquarters Of the Raj.
sheviki outside Of Russia-of the men wh.
want to end the war By revolutionisinr tss
world"
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07

route than it would be in a direct flight
across to Ireland The Azores has VOL
cano 1000 feet high, visible at fifty-six
miles from the deck of ship and at
greater distance from an airplane, which
would also simplify the trip. The long
est single flight would be one of 1850
miles, from St. Johns to the Azores.
From the Azores to Portugal is 700 miles.
According to Henry Woodhouse,
governor of the Aero Club, there are
three routes for a transatlantic fight
and six ways in which it could be at
tempted. "Aerial Age" in its current
issue, quotes him as follows:
"The first is by means Of large aeroplanes
capable OF flying 5000 miles from this coun-
try to ireland without stopping. The con-
structlon of such planes is considered pos
sible by prominent aeropane manufacturers.
These aeroplanes would fly at great height
and take advantage Of the trade winds.
Their speed would be about 100 miles an
hour, and they could make the trip in about
thirty hours.
The second way would be by means Of
hyins boats, or hydroaeroplanes, starting
from New York and flying to Ireland. stop
ping to take fuel from ships every 300 miles
along the route. These would be ships fol-
lowing tnelr usual course across the At
lantic. The aeroplane pilot should know the
route and approximate speed of the shin,
leaving the harbor, and the ships should ex-
pect possible visit from the aeroplane.
'Ihe third plan would be by land planes.
large or small, starting from Newfoundland
and flying to Ireland, distance Of 200
mlies, without stopping. The construc-
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07

several minutes assembling these data sep
aratey. BY the time they were assembled
his machine might be ten or fifteen miles
from where it was at the beginning Of the
calculation, go that the result was neces-
sarily crude. Dr. Poor's instrument is an
automatic calculator which finds out all the
pilot needs to know about his position, and
works out the problem mechanically"
Mr.. Workman proposes that the air
planes should fly across the Atlantic with
a full crew and complete load of bombs
and other equipment. His plan would
have the first lap Of the flight from the
alrplane factory to Newfoundland. the
second to the Azores, the third TO Portu
gal and the fourth to France. While
great construction work and organiza-
ton would be required at Newfoundland
and at the Azores, Mr.. Workman as
serted that this part of the programme
was no insuperable obstacle.
He was quite certain, he said. that the
flier, aided by wireless Instruments, able
to detect the distance of wireless waves
from stations on the Azores and else
where, which would be practically light
houses for aerial navigation, would be in
no danger of getting lost or losing much
time through flying off his course. Mr..
Workman chose the Azores route, he ex
planned, not only because it broke the
flight into two sections, allowing the avi-
ator to rest, sleep and tune up his ma
chine, but also because the atmosphere
was normally clearer by the southern
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07
Writing Of transatlantic flight, "Aerial

Age" observes:
"The proposed transatlantic fight of the
Curtiss aeroplane America was under prepa-
ration when the war started in 1914. Since
then development of aerial navigation de-
vices, as we'll as the education of air pilots
for. successful over-water flight, has ad-
vanced so that the project presents few of
the difficulties which it did in 1914. The
most difficult problem that was considered as
facing the pilot of the America on it's pro-
posed trip was that Of keeping posted on his
latitude and longitude and steering a course
SO as to avoid great deviation, which might
cause him to run out of fuel while on his
way to the Azores.
"The matter of keeping to course has
been almost entirely solved by the invention
of q radio receiving instrument by which II
is possible to tell the exact direction from
which radio waves are given forth. This
has been adapted to acropianes, and an afr
navigator, with an instrument tuned to re-
ceive messages from point in America and
point IN Europe, would always be in
possession of a fixed point to steer by.
"Professor Charles Lane Poor. professor
of celestial mechanics at Columbia Univer-
sity, working on the problem at the request
Of the Aero Club, had invented q so-called
position line indicator which sifnplifies
some Of the other problems OF air navira
tors. The difficulty hitherto for an air pilot
has been to make his calculations of pos
tion quickly enough to benefit him.
can air pilot who needed to know his
distance from given point the direc.
tion of his flight, the angle Of ascent or
descent Of his machine, his altitude and
other factors necessary in accurately
correcting his course has had to spend
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07
Switzerland-Where the
Homeless Flock

CARL w. ACKERMAN, writing in
~ "The Saturday Evening Post"
gives this picture Of Switzerland in war
time:
Generally speaking, Switzerland is the
home for every one in Europe without
home. Exilcs, reyolutionists, anarchists,
refugees, deserters, capitalists. ex-kinxs
and ex-convicts, pro- German Americans.
anti-German Austrians, former ministsra Of
state, war-rich spectators and war-weary
loafers saunter through the crowded streets
of Berne, Zurich and Geneva, cross their
knees under the clothless tables Of the
cafes and argue the war to an end al thew
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07
Who Has a Right to the
Whale?
THE recent stranding Of a dyin

THE recent stranding Of a dying
whale on the Great South Beach Of
Long Island, nearly opposite the village
of Bellport, has recalled some forgotten
facts in the early history Of New York,
and has also given rise to some interest
ing questions of law.
The great mammal was sperm-whsls
3orty feet long and estimated t. weish
twelve tons. Unlike the right whales,
which have whalebone in the mouth In.
stead of teeth, the sperm whales srs
armed with powerful teeth on the lower
Jaw; this specimen was exceptional in
having also six we'll developed teeth in
the upper jaw. The coast guard men at
the bellport station took possession Of
the whale and tried out the blubber. No
one seems to have questioned their right
to do this, although the New York law
requires persons having custody Of "any
goods or other property cast by the ses
upon the land" 20 deliver the same with.
IN forty-eight hours to the sheriff or one
~ VIC COIOlleTS OF WrecK-maSCerS Oh Lis
county in which such property is found.
Perhaps Che coast guard men did not re-
gard the whale as property within the
meaning Of the statute.
Drlft whales were common
enough two hundred years ago to be the
subject of frequent legislation in the COL
ony. The law, however, has always re.
ognized the paramount property right OF
the person who kills whale. The courts
OF admiralty Of the United States ho'a
that property is acquired in whale oy
Killing, capturing and marking it, ever
II 1t be temporarily abandoned thereaf"'
and left floating in the ocean. BY usass
among American whalers a whale o.
longs to the crew which FIRST harpoons "
and this rule has received the sarctseh
OF the courts. 1t is expressed by whsls
men in the saying: "The iron holds sas
whale. From jfunsey's Mogasias.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07

to enter the army where she fought as
an Ordinary soldier for three years,
much of the time without being recog-
nized as a woman. After the country
became demoralized a year ago, and
while Kerensky was endeavoring to
maintain some shadow Of order, she
conceived the idea of organizing the
Battalion of Death, convinced that Rus.
sian women had it in their power to
shame the men into fighting. Nina
Botchkarova is in this country It -
present time.-Fron Asss.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07
Improving on Sand
BAGS

S6VX7rDE WORLD" describes = body
w shield in. use in the italian
army:
early in the war Il was discovered by
in skirmishing at close quarters If the SOL
diers carried or pushed bags Of sand in
front Of them, and the present body-shield
has been an outgrowth Of the idea. They
are made in the one-man and two-man tyne.
The former are worn by infantry advancing
In the open. attached to, the shoulders by :
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07

"HE most famous architectural
monument in Rumania is the
Il. Cathedral Of Curtea de Arges,
says G. c. Williamson in Land
and Water" and he goes on to tell some
thing of it's history and architecture:
''Thc Cathedral was founded in 1877 by
Prince Nagul and his wife, Despine. Of Ser
bia, continued by his successor and son, The
odosius, but completed by RaduI d'Afumati.
the voivede Of Wallachia, who, with the sid
Of the Hunsarians, defeated the Turks IN
1922.
''Of the original building, little save che
wallis and the tonbs Of the founders and
their successors now remains, and Of the
accessories and treasures with which Des-
pima enriched it still less, but ait It's archi-
lecture Is Of the deepest interest because it
belongs TO many successive periods, and
because IL is 80 very nationsl in its strange
Byzantine-cum- Moorish characteristics.
"In the convent Of Krusedol Is still pre-
sserved--or was when visited 1.-THE collar
of a chasuble wrought by Despina and her
four children for the cathedral and complet-
ed on June Is, 1919, as the nesdleworI In
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07
rom Zurich
The question

attempts, mostly At variance with each
other, to answer this question, and I, being
neither, shall not attempt It. They speak
Arabic, of course, and If they have ever
spoken another tongue they have forgot
ten it. Yet they do not resemble Arabs,
except in occasional single features, as per-
sons of our own race may. They are neither
very dark nor very fair, though some of
the children are tow-headed. Their hair
is usually brown and wavy. but I have seen
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07

red and sandy types. Brown eyes and
gray are usual, blue eyes not uncommon
among them. In a word, they resemble the
finer types of our own race. They are,
moreover, homogeneous; their women 70
about wearing long white veil which
falls down the back from tall head dress
bound with circlets of pendant coins. The
veil Is drawn over the mouth only in the
presence Of Mosiems or of those suspected
Of being such. A widow with q minor son
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07

may speak and vote In the village council,
4 degree Of woman's rights unheard Of
among other peoples in the Nearer East,
and on par with customs only recently
introduced in the West.
"From where do they come? for they
have been in the Hauran only little more
than half a century. From the northeast,
they will tell you, and you may prove
their statement true, in part at least, for
there are remnants of older settlements of
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07

whose race never has been satisfactorily
determined. "a wonderful race" How
ard Crosby Butler calls it-writing in
"Scribner's"-but to the question, What
race? he replies:
mo one really knows. Several learned
ethnologists and anthropologists have made
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07
Rumania's National Shrine

pair OF tight steel arms. and sre long
enough to protect the head and vital organs
Of man standing erect. Lying At full
length, or even crouched, IL covers him COM
pletely. Each shield 10 pierced with q small
round eye.hole and on oblong loopholc for
firing from, both Of which may be closed
by sliding door when not In use. The
two-man shield is principally used in wire
cutting. 1t Is carried on tho back Of ono
man, who may also work his rife from q
loophole in the top, while a second man
works long wire-cutter through hole at
che bottom. It is held up bx short legs II
the first man desires to move indcpend-
entity"
New-York tribune., 1918-07-07
The Commander of the
Famous battalion of
Death"

NINE. BOTCHKAROvA was born
AvA in Siberia Of peasant parents,
Her husband was killed early in ths
war, and after his death she nansesd
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-10-26
American Shipping Tonnage
More Than Doubled, Despite
U-Boats, Gen. March Says

The total worlds shipping tonnage,
members Of the Senate military COM
mittee were told at their War De-
partment conference today. is only Z
per cont less than at the beginning of
tho war; American tonnage has been
more than doubled. ~
Despite the ravages Of enemy sub
marines, the tonnage showing was
presented to the senators as q most
satisfactory indication for the future.
The total world tonnage now, the
senators were told, is more than 49,
0eO, 900 tons, with that of the United
States particularly Increasing at a
rapid rate of several hundred thou
sand tons monthly. More tonnage
thus is becoming available to the
United States for troop. munition and
supply shipments.
The tonnage statement presented to
the senators showed that besides
Great Britain and France the neutral
countries of Norway, Holland and
Denmark have suffered especially
heavy tonnage losses.
The strategic situation ON the wes-
tern front was explained to the 0enA-
tors by members. Of the general stan
and declared to b satisfactory. It
was emphasized. however, that the
American expedftiohary forces now
are lighting over the most dtMcult
terrain Of the entire front, composed
Of many hills, ravines and woods.
making further advance slow and.
possibly, costly in casualties.