davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-05-21
4 T:.::v pIl:o~

T!.e first Federal budget OF railroad
capita! IS announced. It is approx
.aately $1,000, 100000, to be al.ocated
among all the carriers according to their
apparent needs. This IS hailed as a pro-
c:g:ous SUN Of money; but It is Only
about 6 per ce1.t oe tie existing cap::ts.,,
Investment Il stations, terminals, road
way and equipment. If we could say
that railroad facilities were going to be
increased 6 per cent, that would be lit
tie enough. 1t would be approximately
equal to the normal increase of peace
times. But it is really less than that.
The +gures,'' says the associated
Press dispatch, ''disclose Director Cen
eral McAdoo's determination to let the
railroads make many improvements
which they had neglected during the
last three years, through permitting
tracks to run down and postponing all
possible projects requiring big expen-
ditures of capital"
So it appears that a part of this
billion-dollar budget will be used to
make good depreciation and wear and
tear, all of which ought to be taken care
of out of earnings. How much of the
new capital will be spent upon work
which ought to be performed out of the
earnings of the railroad business is
unknown. There seems to be no thought
OF distinguishing between (a) mainten-
ance and rehabilitation, which should
be charge against earnings, and (b)
actual additions to property, which may
properly be paid for with new money.
Failure to make such distinctions has
been in the past prolific cause of rail-
road bankruptcy.
If there can be found the labor and
materials, railroad facilities ought to be
increased 10 per cent this year from
new capital, and all disrepair should be
made good out Of earnings. If rates
are not high enough to give earnings
out of which disrepair can be made
good, then they should be raised.
The chief dangers of government con-
troll are two, namely, first, that new
money will be spent for maintenance,
and, second, that not enough new money
will be provided for additions, owing
to the difficulty of thinking in billion
dollar units Of expenditure.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-21
No German
From c letter By Professor Nes0tom
Wray, IN Ths Indianapolis News

~ ERMAN literature, like everything
IT else German, has for years been
spreading German propaganda. The
German mind has been drilled through its
literature, its schools ard It's churches to
exalt the Ge-ma. system, to g.o-;ty tie
Kaiser and his "divine right" and TO deny
the moral responsibility Of nation Can
we afford to menace our national ideals By
Opening W tbs avenue Of contact with
sucs pe----.:c:ous teachings?
Sy tcIe-at:.g tie German language We
encourage the Ge--aa. press, wa..:cA. IS Sc
ready recognized nursing anti American
sentiment and menacing Our government.
This attitude toward the language is NOT
unChristian, since are taught to show
aversion to national wrong, and the most
direct and potent way to do this is to re-
SUse recognition. to tie language IN waiea
sucl teachings are expressed.
TIE study oe Ge-.--.a. Las been based
upo.. tie argument that it WIS necessary
IL business relations, but this argument Is
pointless to day. since our commercial re-
lations with Germany will continue to be
strained. Let Us Low emphasize tie stucy
oe F-e.cL a-.6 Spa-.sL =. order tat we
.s.@y develop ou- increasing business vita
tie ..w..es a-d W.T. Sout.. -4l.e-.ca-"toe
continent OF opportunity"
Patriotism requires that overcome
the effort made By German leaders TO Keep
masses of Germans in our country alien
in ideas and sympathies. For years these
leaders have inculcated the idea that the
German language is all that German inim,-
grants need ~ this Eng!!sL-speasi-g re
tor; thar Germans must remain German
and maintain their relation n l politics.
sense with the fatherland from which they
come. The result is that in certain sec
tions of the country there are alien popr-
lations thriving on the prosperity of the
land, but out of sympathy with it's language
and institutions, so that courts and public
business cannot be carried or without n
terpreters. Any ore car see that tie vel
fare of the Republic demands that tbs
anomalous condition should cease.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-21

who have made their protest, is small,
and The Tribune is about the only news
paper or journal we know of that has
given the question any wide publicity.
1t is no especial wonder why we re-
main "a nation Of economic illiterates"
New-York tribune., 1918-05-21
Because Nobody Does

The reason, think, that many of US do
not do this is because our neighbors do not;
because we do not feel that our 20, 80 or 40
per cent, if we should make the necessary
saving, would matter very much when the
figures rise into the billions. Moreover. it
is very much more difficult to save when
our neighbors do not. Our neighbcrs large
ly set for US our standards of living. Con-
sequently, do not believe that any amount
Of preachments on the Importance of econ
omy and any amount of argument, however
convincing it may be, that we are bound to
be forced to economize through rising prices
If we do not save-I say l do not believe
that that will prove particularly effective,
and do not expect that the people of the
United States, under the present methods
of financing the war, will begin to save the
amount which is necessary to carry us
along There is the danger that we may
S@ave so little that the credit machinery will
break down.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-21

/ WANT to cal! attention to the way y.
Z wh!cl the manner Of financing the we-
reacts UPON the speed with which the
government can develop its programme. !c
raising $12,000,000,000 it has been absolute
ly essential to make use Of the credit ma
chinery of the country.
Tie extent to which credit Is permanent
" expanded =: co..nect;o. witt: financing tie
wa Aas rot bee:: touched rpor. The ;:;t;2.
Subscriptions to the various loans :lust be
met somehow OF other, to whatever extent
is necessary, by means of credit expansion.
But if the people who have subscribed to
the loans, or other people, while the pro-
ceeds of each successive loan are being ex
pended, do not save enough to liquidate the
borrowings which they have made at the
banks il. order to subscribe to the loans,
tie. we have 6 condition. os { more O. less
permanent addition. to the volume os credit
It ceases to be merely Z revolving credit o.
q more OK isss sxed amount, perhaps ex-
panding little and then contracting to
something like an equivalent extent. There
is a permanent upper swing.
Now, tat ::ea~s =. tie s:rst place e.. ad-
vas.ce "a prices. IKE government gets a
.a:-ge amount o. purchasing oowe.- w..:c... It
uses, coming ::.to TIE market Cor goods
The people have not contracted their de-
Eand fc~ goods. their use Of purchasing
prices go up. To some extent agree that
that is inevitable; but here it is primarily
a question Of degree.
IS Germany Does
In Germany they have facilitated Free
loans on every conceivable kind Of security
in order to stimulate subscriptions to their
bond sales, and the people have subscribed.
But thereafter, while the government has
been expending the proceeds of the loans,
the people have to very large extent saved
and liquidated those loans, SO that credit
there has in large part revolved. When you
consider the enormous loans which the
Germans have made, together with the num-
ber of men in their armies, it is simply as
tonishing the way in which they have kept
down credit expansions. The only way that
that can possibly be done is by saving.
What are the consequences of failure
to save? A pull on labor by the govern
ment In one direction and pull for labor
on the part of the people in the opposite
direction
New-York tribune., 1918-05-21
How Initiation flinders War
By o. NJ. w. Sp-sgue
Professor of Economics, Harvcrd University
(Fron. "The Nations Rusjness">

OF paper money. The burden then fell main
~ upon the salar;ed class
~ any event, then, -:ust finance this
wa- by deduction F-o.. the current income
of all of the people, whether we finance it
by imitation OF do the trick more directly by
saving universally.
Wkct Il Wo-!1 Tcxe
~Ae Sz@ke-s T-ust Company o. New
2o-!- las recently prepared 81: analysis os
the amount OF savings which would be nee
essary in the event that $500, 900 900
should be furnished the government in the
course of the next year by those who pay
income taxes, together with subscriptions to
bonds. That is only half of the estimate
Of the total amount.
According to those calculations, it would
be necessary =. o-de- to -a:se 7,5OO, 900 600,
that every oe-so.. :. tie United Stztes wit.
g.: income =: excess os $.5o,ooo should e.
vote betwee.. 10 and 80 per cent oe his ;:.-
come to the payment of income taxes and
bond subscriptions. 1t would be necessary
Tor a.! those with 81 Income betwce:. $780,
900 a:ao $-50,ooo to save betwee-. 60 s..:G 10
PEI ce..t. Dropping dow. : Little, to t..ose
between S9, 900 a.aG $4,000, they should save
90 per ce.t oe their income, or use 20 PEE
cent in the payment, partly. of existing
taxes. and the balance for tho purchase OF
government bonds. From 15 to 20 per cent
Of their income should be used in those
ways by those with incomes between $4,000
and $4,000, and from 10 to IS per cent by
people with incomes fror. $500 to 81, 500.
NohoIy Do;rg Y
Direct saving to thai extent would pre-
duce, according to this estimate, something
like 500,000,000. l think that will! give
you some idea of the extent to which the
people must economic in order to finance
the huge sums which the government is
going to expend, and some idea Of the extent
to which they must economic indirectly
through the effect Of rising prices under
the credit imitation policy. doubt whether
any considerable number of people, except
the people of large wealth. are saving any
thing like the proportions which I have in
dicated. I frankly confess that l am no.
where reaching that proportion which is
assigned for my particular income; and l
doubt whether very many are. l should
like to have confession from men who
happen to be in receipt of incomes be-
tween $4,000 and $4,000 whether they have
during the last year, from their incomes,
eliminating the shifting of investments,
used 40 per cent in the purchase of bonds
and in the payment of taxes. Not very
many have, fancy.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-21
GUARANTEE

GUARANTEE
voG purchase merchandise advoetised In '"e
TRIBUNE with absolute sact-for II dssatsasso" ~
srlt In any THE TRIBUNE guarantees to pay your
money back request. No Pod tape. No ou'nn''hs
We make good promptly II the advertiser docs not
New-York tribune., 1918-05-21
MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

MEMBER OF TIE ASSOCIATED PRESS
The Associated Press exclusively entitled TO the use
f Specification Of all dispatches credited 70 It OF
Otherwise credited this and also tho local
uews Of spontaneous origin published herein
AL rights Of republication Of all other matter herein
also reserved.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-21

Catered tho Postotnce New York Second CAss
Mail Matter
New-York tribune., 1918-05-21

Owned and published The Tribune Asscd aton
New York Corporation Ogden Reid. President' "
vernon Rosers President: Richard H Leo. sezcss
r A s,s.v r>s.sursr Address Trfbune Building. lhA
Nsssau Street New York Telephons Beekman Sooo
New-York tribune., 1918-05-21

In Sundays Tribune, in the little
group of aphorisms and epigrams trans
lated from the Russian Anton Chekhov.
our eye caught this particular ore:
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03

During the week oi February 1123 the women of Arkansas Will be given their opportunity to enlist for work thru the registration to be carried out by the women's committee of the council of national defense
 An opportunity will be given every woman in thic county. and in the en- tire state, to list herself as being ready to give to her country whatev, CT special knowledge or training she has-or. if she has no specially. to ex press her willingness to serve.
 The~part of the women in this wal has been peculiarly important and this is just another opportunity for them to back up the boys "over there and to release badly needed men for work.
 The big idea back of the regis tration is to have every woman in the United States listed and classified according to her peculiar abilities anu to make whatever use or lnlS DlS reserve of womanpower that the coun- cil of national defense considers best Of course as the registration is entire ly voluntary a certain percentage of the women will not register, but i1 the states that have already carried out the registration, the response to the call has been astonishing and an unexpectedly large percentage of the feminine population is now listed for service.
 The county chairman and her ce,i tral committee had very successful meeting at the Chamber of Commerce rooms yesterday, and has announced that a school for instruction in the work will be held at the same place Monday and Tuesday afternoons. This instruction should prove yerv valuable to every woman who wishes to aid in this patriotic work, and the schools should be crowded. We want to sec Jefferson county lead the state in this work also.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03
In these days most mon don't know where the money is coming from where it goes.
THE LIBERTY LOAN AND
 GERMANY.

The military masters of Germany sumed great contempt for America war preparedness and America's par ticipation in the war The kaiser, Hindenburg, and Hertling have all voiced this contempt. Yet there are evidences in plenty that in fear of Amerca's entry in force intO the war next spring Germany is massing tre- mendous forces on the western front, is preparing to hurl masses of men effort 10 reach a conclusion before the might of America becomes effective.
 The two Liberty loans in this coun- try no doubt had Q great psycho- logical effect upon the German mind. The ease with which the tremendous sums of money were raised, the en- thusasm of the workers aud of the subscribers and of, indeed, the whole nation, and the heavy over iubscrio- ton to both loans are evidences that can not be disgarded that the Ameri- can people are in earnest, that they are behind the American army and the American government, and are willing to make the sacrifices re- quired and to support to he utmost our nation at war.
 That money talks is aa old prov erb. and the voice of the billions oi Second Liberty loans was heard across the sea and carried conviction even to the Obsessed Germans
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03
THE BIGGEST THING ABOUT WAR;.

The biggest thing about the war is that war must be practically, i' not al together, impossible in the future.
 The present super-sang Iinary con flict, with it's terrible sacrifices and worldwide chaos, will have been fought utterly in vain if it is not 10 prove the most important stepping stone yet to permanent and universal peace.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03
Area of Surface of the Ea, tn.

The superficial area of surface of the earth is estimated to be 196,797,, 600 square miles, of which 55J,500,OO( square miles are land and Al ,O50,O0C square miles water. Of the entire land portion the best estimates place the fertile regions at 29O0O,O00 souart miles; unproductive plains, 14,00G,00( square miles; deserts, 4,S61 GOO square miles; polar regions Of ice-bound land and water, 6,9- ,.a''H square miles.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03
Heiuht of Clouds.

Thunderstorm clouds are very varl- able in height-from 800 to 2O00 feet. The clouds in thunderstorms may be very deep--from two to five miles and more-hencc the appearance as to dis tance is very deceptive. Cumulus clouds are intermediate, and generally occupy position from 2,000 to 5000 feet above the earth.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03
Subscription Price.

Subscription Price.
 Delivered by Carrier.) :. Daily, one wook......................$ .15 Daily, one month. .65 Daily, six months. ths......................... 3.75 Daily, one r.......,..................... 7.5O
 By Mail.
 (Cash in Advance.) Daily, three months ..................$1 50 Daily, six months ths...... 300 Daily, one year........ 500 Sunday Edition, one year............. 200
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03

Ukrainia makes a noise like one of the republics that are found ln thi pages of the novels written decade or two ago.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03

We'll, he didn't see it, and 50 those who pin their faith to the ground hog" are confident that th4 worst of the winter is behind us.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03

The British are fighting the devil with his own fire-oomh'u cities, This will prove a cure-all ;ha: really cures.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03

It may come to a fearful pass fo keep warm, but nobody is going to burn their pay envelope to do it.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03
MEMBER OF ASSOCIATED PRESS

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published here in.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03

Most of the time the real spy IS not the man who is suspected by ms neighbors.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03

When the attention of The Graphic is called to any mis-statement of facts, or to any error concerning any man or thing, correction will cheerfully be made.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03

Remember that it is colder in No Mans Land than here at home.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03

The wall against which Germany has it's back gives signs of cracking.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-02-03

 WORTH REMEMBERING.

The multitude which Goes not not reduce itself to unity is confusion; the unity which does not depend upon the niultitute is tyranny.
 Pascal.
Republican farmer., 1918-11-08
Berlin Bank Victim
 of Clever Swindle

New York, Nov. 2--The Prussian State Bank in Berlin has been the victim of a singular fraud, say Ger man newspapers. A foreign conner cial house transmitted to the bank the sum of 600,000 marks to be credited to the account of foreign bank. The letter referring to the transaction vas intercepted and forged letter was substituted in which the bank was directed to deposit the sum to the credit of Berlin metal firm.
 Two days later the metal firm drew the amount in cash. The fraud was discovered sometime later when the foreign bank desired to make use of the money. It was then discovered that the metal firm was not in exist ance
Republican farmer., 1918-11-08
(By The Associated Press)

VaIenciennes has been captured by the British.
 Field Marshal Haig reports that Valencennes takeI by Canadian troops under General Cure who have passed through the town.
 The village of Preseau southeast of Valencennes captured by the British this morning after they had seized the high ground in that region.
 Austrian forces the German front in the Woevre region entranng for Austria is reported the strength of statements by prisoners the Americans have taken.
 The American first army continued its movement today Ahead of their schedule the American forces engaged working their forward to exploit their of yee day The Germans continuing their resistance promised grow heavier as the enemy advance
 The column of the enemy fire however the Americans steadily advancing although slowly than Friday The line at showed losses of territory while some improvement of it had been effected v
 Considering the magnitude of the operation the American losses in yesterdays fighting small On the other hand the reports indicate that the German casualties unusually heavy.
 Hundreds of tons of steel fired by the big American guns in the direction of the railroad ceners onguyon and Mont Medy and other points today cooperation with fantry attack west of the Mouse.
Republican farmer., 1918-11-08
OFFICIAL REPORTS
 ITALIAN.

Rome, Friday, Nov. 1.---Mountain positions held by the Austrians on the Aisago plateau, west of the Brenta river, have been captured by the AL lies, according to an official statement issued at the war office tonight The announcement reads:
 "On the Aisago plateau, the Sixth Army and two Allied divisions have carried formidable positions which the Austrians have held for many months. Monte Mosciagh, Monte Baldo, Monte Longarala, La Meletia di Gallio, Sasso Rosso, Monte Spitz and Lambara are in our possession.
 Three thousand prisoners and 232 guns were captured on the Aisago plateau today.
 Enemy resistance at Fidalto defile was overcome by our troops who en- tered Belluin. The Third Cavalry di- vision has reached the plains north of Pordonone. The Second Cavalry is fighting hostile rear guards in Me duna- The infantry of the Tenth and Third armies have passed the Livenza river between Sacile and San Stino."
Republican farmer., 1918-11-08
RRITISH-ITALLAN-

London, Nov. - Troops of the Tenth Italian army have crossed the Livenza river between Motta. and Sacile and have established a bridge head on the east side of that river, according to an official statement on operations of the Piave front issued by the war office here today. British troops are fighting with this army.
 The statement reads:
 Troops of the Tenth army have crossed the Livenza river between Motta and Sacile and have established d bridgehead east of that stream. The Northamptonshire Yeoman regiment has captured 12 mountain guns and 15 machine guns.
 ''The 18th Division operating on the Aisiago plateau is reported to have advanced it's line two kilometres northward but it is meeting with ma chine gun resistance in the neighbor- hood of Monte Interrotto."
Republican farmer., 1918-11-08
DEBACLE OF HUN ALLIES PRESSED TO COMPLETION Events Have Resulted in Concentration of One
 Nation. GREATEST ADVANCE
 ON ITALIAN FRONT Gen. March Announces That Influenza Conditions Have
 Improved.

Washington, Nov. 2 - The debacle of Germany's allies is being pressed to completion: General March said today, and the events of the past week in the world war have resulted in the concentration of enemy re- sistance in one nation.
 Resistance of the Germans on the west front has continued and the greatest Allied advance has been reg istered on the Italian front where maximum progress of 37 miles has been made General March said the object of the Allies on this front was the cutting of the Austrian line of withdrawal This has been accom- plished," he added.
 Regimental units identified and To- cated by General March included the 114th engineers, with the First Army west of the Mouse, and the 52nd Pi- oneer infantry with the Fourth Army Corps in the same territory. These are not part of any division.
 He also identified the American forces in Italy as the 332nd Infantry regiment, with Ambulance battalion, 526, Il, F, and IS, Field Hospital 102.
 In addition there are certain air service training units. The new Franco-American attack on both sides of the Argonne already, the chief of staff explained, have progresses to s;Ilch an ZxteDt thai a dacided Oocket has been formed in the German lines, indicating the necessity of an early withdrawal from the northern portion of the Argonne forest. This would bring the American forces with their heaviest artillery nearer the main German railway line through Stenay.
 General March announced that in- f1uenza conditions among troops ar irving in France have improved so materially that deaths from the dis ease virtually have stopped. A recent transport convoy carrying 25,O00 men arrived at the American port of de- barkation, he said, with only 78 cases of influenza.
 In reply to questions regarding in- dividual units, General March said the 18th (New England) has been in ac- 1 tion east of the Mouse. The S0tt Virginia, West Virginia and Westerr Pennsylvania has not yet been re- | ported in action. The 83rd (Ohio anC Western Pennsylvania) has headquar ters at Lemans. The 18th CNew Eng | land and New York; still is acting a. depot division. The 27th (Nev York; is with the British in Picardy