davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1918-03-16
THE SANITARY DISTRICT

Following are the standing commit
tees of the Sanitary District Of Chi
caggo:
Judiciary-Paullin Brett, Daley,
Mueller, Sergel.
Finance-Daily, Paullin, 'Lawley,
Carr, Sergel.
Engineering-Clark, Daley. Lawley,
Brett, Carr.
Electrical Development - Brett
Clark, Mueller, Reading, Paullin.
Federal Misunderstanding, Paul.
lin, Lawley, Carr, Sergel.
North Shore Channel-Paullin,
Brett, Lawley, Mueller, Carr.
Real Estate Development-Carr
Clark. Lawley, Mueller, Brett.
Rules-Carr, Paullin, Daley, Clark,
Mueller
State and Municipal Relations
Clark, Brett, Reading, Mueller, Sergel.
Labor-Lawley, Paullin, Mueller,
Reading, Sergel.
Stone and Spoil Banks-Mueller,
Brett, Lawley, Carr, Reading.
Health and Public Order--Lawley,
Carr, Reading, Mueller, Sergel
Calumet.Sag Channel - Reading,
Carr Lawley, Mueller, Sergel.
Illinois vaEey--Mueller, Reading,
Paullin, Lawley. Sergel.
Employment-Paullin Daley, Clark.
Brett, Mueller.
Facts ABOUT the Sanitary District
and drainage canal
The main and water power chan.
mel 10 20 miles long.
Length of river. lake to Robey
street, 6 miles.
Length river diversion channel. 10
miles.
Width main channel. Robey street
to Summit
Bottom. 10 feet; top, 1913.
Width main channel. Summit to
Willow Springs:
Bottom, 2o2 feet; top. 290.
Width main channel, Willow Springs
to Lockport brock section): Bottom,
100 feet: top. 1872.
Width river diversion channel: Bot
tom. 200 feet.
Minimum depth Of water in main
channel, ~ feet.
Current in earth sections. 1 IA miles
per hour.
Current in rock sections. 10 miles
per hour.
Present capacity Of canal. 100000
cubic feet per minute.
Total amount Of excavation, 1885,.
636 cubic yards.
The north shore channel. extending
from Lawrence avenue to Lake Michi.
gan, in the village Of Wilmette, 10
about miles long with . wafer depth
Of 1876 feet.
Construction Of the Sag canal to
drain the Calumet region was begun
In the summer Of 1911.
Sag channel will be - miles long
when work 10 finished.
~
EAGLETS.
Collector SmietanEa 10 making q
good record in the Internal Revenue
once.
Charles HasterliK, the popular pres
iueht VI 'uc bcSt DIcWiuB SOilpuIy 10
universally respected In Chicago for
his public spirit and fair.mindedness
The Best Brewing Company Is noted
for the excellence of its output and all
who have patronized 1t praise its
beer.
Business men who phone Heco. Su
perior 100, for envelopes. always gel
what they want.
Alderman Walter p. Steffen Is max
ing a fine record in the city council
The New Roma restaurant at III
North Clark street, of which I. Pelle
GRIM is the popular manager. grows
In favor with the public every day.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1918-03-16
EAGLETS.

Collector SmietanEs 10 making .
good record in the Internal Revenue
once.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
AS 1t May Be

("Thc Onoohcr IN The Annalst, July 13, 19l4)
NEWS item FUTURE 1924, read somewhat as
WASHINGTON July 7.-lt settled that Congress
will adjourn Immediately the railroad and terminal
preparation which Senators = and y have SO per-
dcfensbe achievement in log rolling
natonaized For contrast
be opened the e9d of each session
demanding funds for the wastetu and
of and habors recalled to-day
by members of Congress of restraint
B. who scandalized by tho
appropriations their for of doubtful utility
of finished would the
ton of their colleagues the methods
they complained been carried AS Senator x
shown the appropriations have become
this $1,750oooo0o but that they
of scientific symmetrical railroad develop
still expenditures the
future, complete for insufficient
thirty unfinished roads, of which at least fifteen
ought bound
In the bill about weny-hree entirely
projects provided misleading call them projects
without definite enda this community
that demanding appropriation for the start of new line
mainly the assumption that the be induced to
eighborhood it will
more nd more
Senator to frompu
speaks restraint has made compilation
detached pieces of raroad begun
last but $1sooo and the deficit after
paying operating the bill is certain
as of a waite from
Chicago Mexico City will another $25OOOOOOO and Senator
station will receive
of $25oooooo making date $780,
600
utilize they expected do The President
will the bill when reaches him. He has been warned
would bring defeat his in the In
the made by the Interstate Commerce Commissions
Car Bureau showing OOOOO idle in the
could
ded but the have Congress
that be they planned
deal of which thing the this
likely 70 want more
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13

pies Of our form Of government re-
quire that the members of legislative
bodies and all principal executive Of
ficials be periodically subject to
change; that the number of members
of legislative bodies be large and that
representation be sectional; that leg
islative bodies, by means of laws
passed by them, direct and control in
minute detail the acts of executive
officials; that the discretionary power
of such officials be restricted to the
narrowcst possible limits; that 10
outlaws of public roncvs he made. ex-
cept as expressly authorized by law;
d.
Whereas, By reason of these con-
dltona .noer2raole from our form of
government, governmental operation
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
hip with constantly shifting admin

ship with constantly shifting admin
istrations.
With this review of the experience
Ct other countries in this field Of
economic experiment we might prop
crly ask what are the contributing
causes to this almost universal rec
ord of failure. Facing this question
for discussion before the joint COM
mttee Of Congress, appointed to in
ouire into the whole problem of
transportation and headed by the
lste Senator Newlands, the Mer-
chants Association Of New York, in
1916, passed the following resolu-
tons:
Whereas, The fundamental princl-
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13


Federal, state or municipal, is char
acterized by extreme delay and
inertia, vacillation, hesitancy and in
consistency in matters of policy;
tional demands; insufficient provision
Of funds when needed for necessary
purposes; absence of close and har-
monious cooperation between the leg
islative directorate and the executive
officials; insecurity of tenure in the
higher places and lack of self-inter-
est as an incentive; frequent change
of higher officials and the injection
into Office of new and untried men;
unsuitable methods Of selecting
executive officials whereby such Of
ficials are often not properly quail
fed by expert knowledge, previous
training, experience or proved capac-
ity; hampering conditions imposed
by law upon executives whereby they
are deprived of necessary control of
operation and of their subordinates;
and
Whereas, From these conditions
naturally result imperfect coordina-
ton, lack Of qualified management,
bad operating methods and general
waste and incfficiencv; both the
methods and the results being dia
metrically opposite TO those which
prevail in properly managed business
| undertakings, which latter are gov
erned solely by economic considera-
tons, and require for their success
close and friendly relations between
the directorate and the officials, the
prompt provision Of funds as re-
quircd by the economic needs of the
business, high capacity, long expert
cnce and special training on the part
Of the executive officials, assured
tenure during efficiency, sclfinterest,
and the possession b. such officials
Of very large degree of discretion
as to OUTLAWS and operating details;
now, therefore, be it
Resolved, BY the Merchants Asso-
citation Of New York that government
tai methods in the conduct Of bust
by reason of the Fundamental rcstric-
tons imposed hy our form Of govern
ment; and that governmental meth DDS
are often inefficient and wasteful
and therefore unsuited to the conduct
of business undertakings; and be il
further
Resolved. That the Merchants As.
sociation Of New York is opposed tt
government ownership and operation
Of railroads, telephones, telegraph;
and other public utilities, believing
that such utilities are far more ef
fectively operated under private own
crship, subject to public regulation
than would be possible under gov.
ernmental ownership and operation
and that it would be national calam-
ity to subject these instruments, in
dspensablc to the welfare of the
whole country, to the hampering, in
efficient and wasteful methods in
separable from governmental under
taklngs.
Economics
Not Politics
1t would be difficult to summariz
the arguments against governmel
ownership more clearly than the
have been thus stated. Many il
stances upon which these conclusion
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
The Postomce
Delusion

One Of the popular arguments adj
vanced by advocates Of government
ownership of railways is the alleged
success of our Postoffice Department,
and that delusion Of success in postal
service rests undisturbed in the pub
lie mind. And yet it has absolutely
no basis in fact. The truth Of the
matter, as the most casual survey of
the situation would reveal, is that
our Postoffice Department has been,
almost throughout its history, a ma
tional liability, wastefully and cx-
travagantly managed and constant
drag on the public treasury.
One need go no further than the
report Of the Postmaster General
himself to Congress last year, in
which he complained of political in
reference, governmental red tape,
restrictive rules and traditions which
bound the operation Of the depart
ment, rendering it wasteful and in
efficient. In 1908 joint Congress
sional commission, after an exhaus-
tive study of the department., sum
married. its findings in this cogent
paragraphs:
For more than one hundred years
the great and stupendous business of
the Postofficc Department has been
operated without being overhauled or
looked into from the point Of criti
cal, expert scrutiny of its business
methods. 1t appears too OBJ
vious to require argument that the
most efficient service can never be
expected as long as the direction of
the business is, as at present, IN
trusted to Postmaster General and
certain assistants selected without
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
Arguments Against
Government Ownership

The chief arguments against gov
ernment ownership in this country
are inherent in our form Of govern
ment. The single striking instance
Of success in government ownership
achieved by the Prussian autocracy
furnishes no proper argument for a
similar success in this country, or in
any democracy.
Under autocratic power our trans
portation business, like any other
business, might prosper, but auto
cratic power is not consistent with
our democratic ideals for any other
period than the emergency Of war.
1t is certain that no great business,
such as the railroad business, can
prosper without having a single di-
recting mind at its head, with def
initeness and continuity of authority
and policy behind it. This would be
impossible under government owner
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
Experience Of
Other Countries

No more graphic illusivation Of
the failure of government ownership
to achieve the desired ends Of trans
portation can be given than the eX-
perience Of our neighbor, Canada.
There Wastefulness in construction,
cxtravagant costs, political interfer
ence and nepotism have combined to
disrupt the whole transportation
business of the country and to place
burden upon taxpayers far out of
proportion to the service rendered.
The facts and figures in this situa
ton are easily available and should
not be disregarded by those who seek
solution Of our own problem.
In Austria, Italy and on the state
railways Of France the most deplora-
Bile financial results have followed
government ownership. In Belgium
and Switzerland they have been able,
with relatively inadequate service,
aust about to make ends meet. In
Australia and New Zealand waste:
inefficiency, political control and
heavy tax burdens have ensued.
In several countries like Russia,
Austria and India, where a mixed
system of state and private owner
ship prevails, military reasons have
compelled the state to construct lines
which private enterprise would not
undertake. In these countries, as
we'll as in Holland, the spirit of pri-
. vate operation has been repeatedly
{ recognized, and the whole tendency
: has been in the direction of private
enterprise, at times subsidized and
$ closely controlled by the government
: Our own country's experience
, with it's government-owned lines II
4 Panama and Alaska confirms the ex
r perience of Europe in higher costs
n higher rates and lower efficiency.
: Railway history throughout the
l. world conclusively refutes the ides
: that government ownership either
o promotes railway development OF
serves the public need in better op
n Grafton, sounder finance or more
+ adequate service.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13

special reference to experience and
qualifications and subject to frequent
change. Before the Postmaster Gen
cral and his assistants can become
reasonably familiar with the opera
tons Of the service they are replaced
by others. who, in turn, arc called
upon to resign before they can, in the
nature of things, become qualified by
knowledge and experience to perform
their allotted tasks. Under such
system a large railroad, commercial
or industrial business would in
cvitably go into bankruptcy, and the
Postoffice Department has avcrted
that fate only because the United
States Treasury has been available
to meet deficiencies.
| think it may be fairly stated that
the only years in which the Postoflice
Department has been able to avoid a
deficit arc those when it has been
able to deprive the railroads Of fair
return for the service they have rem
dered in carrying the mails.
Bear in mind that this failure to
show return is in spite of the fact
that no postoflice property pays
taxes, and the governments enor-
nous investment in its "plant" pays
no return upon the money it has cost.
All over the country similar stories
of mismanagement and ineflicicncy
in the ownership Of public utilities
are repeated. Literally, hundreds of
such experiments have proved fail
ures, and, after great loss, have
lapsed back into private ownership.
Municipal lighting plants. water
works and streetcar lines are all in
cluded in this list of disastrous ex-
reriments.
Many causes have contributed
with perhaps one invariable cause
always present: The refusal Of leg
islative bodies to afford appropria-
lions for maintenance and better.
ments until the plants become inefli-
cient and the cost Of operation toe
nigh. This low physical efficiency is
III fact, a characteristic effect of gov
ernmental industrial activities every
where, together with high costs O.
labor
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13

prior to tho war, for the countries
named. was as follows:
Cents
United States (private owner
ship ....... o.|S
Canada (private ownership =. rs
Germany government owner
ship ........... l.z4
France government owner
ship ............. l.3o
Austria government owner
ship ...... 1.5O
New South Wales government
ownership .............. 1.59
Southern Australia govern
ment ownership .... LIS
Switzerland government own
ership) ............... 2.63
The average capitalization per
mile of road for the important rail
road countries of the world is as
follows:
United States $6A, 900
Canada $4,000
Germany ............ 'lAO'ooV
Austria $4,000
Switzerland ............. 1923 900
France ......... l4S, ,OOO
Italy ...... .loo'Ooo
Great Britain. ........ 275, 900
The same discrepancy in wages
appears in comparison with other
countries. The average wage of en-
ployes of all classes on the railroads
of the United States, prior to the
war. was over $500 a year, whereas
the average wage in Germany was
S4O9, and that on the government
owned railways of Europe ranged
from $500 to S377. American rail
ways, Furthermore, pay the highest
prices for materials.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13

Economics
Not Politics
1t would be difficult to summarize
the arguments against government
ownership more clearly than they
have been thus stated. Many in.
stances upon which these conclusions
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-01-03
SEIZE AMERICAN BANK
Moscow Branch Also Confiscated. by
Bolshevik Guards.

Petrograd, Jan. 2.-The Moscow
branch of the National City bank of
New York which for several days es-
capped the general order for the con-
fiscation of all banks there, was seized
by the Bolsheviki Saturday night.
H. ]. Dreher. the manager. was not
arrested.
The Petrograd branch of the Ma
tional City bank which was seized by
the Bolsheviki a week ago, expects to
arrange to take care of the financial
needs of American residents in a few
days, The currency shortage in Rus
STA is becoming increasingly serious.
Washington, Jan. 3.-News of the
Bolsheviki seizure of banks in Moscow
reached the state department today in
diplomatic dispatches which, however,
made nesspecific mention of the Ma
tional City banks branch.
Bank Robbed a Month Ago.
New York, Jan. 3.-The Moscow
branch of the National City bank was
robbed only about a month ago, Off
Gals of the bank said today. They
had received no word of it's seizure
Mr.. Dreher. the manager, had a half
dozen employees
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-01-03
PAVE CLEAR OF HUNS
Italian Capture of Zenson Leaves No
Enemy on West Bank.

With the Italian Armies, Jan. q
EXCEPT for few outpost positions
near the delta at the mouth of the
Piave, the whole western bank Of that
river today was clear of Austro-Ger-
man forces. italian troops, by their
CAPTURE of the Zenson bridgehead,
drove back the last of the strong
enemy forces.
Some idea of the magnitude of the
Zenson victory may be given when 1t
is explained that the German positions
there was about a concrete nest of
more than sixty machine guns, cleverly
concealed underpa bank of the stream.
The position had been built with ex-
ceeding care and was evidently held
impregnabIe by the enemy. 1t was
captured almost intact by the irresis-
tible rush of the Italian forces.
Attempt to Air Raid Venice.
Austrian aviators managed to drop
bombs on Italian stations about five
miles distant from Venice today. They
were evidently headed for Venice it
self, but were forced to turn back
without achieving their aim, owing to
the vigorous Italian aerial defenses.
Snow now many feet deep in the
mountains was expected today to force
a shifting of the major fighting to the
Piave front. In the opinion of the
officers, the Teutonic offensive on the
Asiago front and between the Brenta
and the Pave is now definitely at an
oT1d
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-01-03
SIDETRACK DRIVE
Germany May Have To Send
Troops Back to East Front.
U-Boats Make Big Showing for
Last Week of Year.

London, Jan "a breaking off in
peace negotiations probably win upset
all German plans to press formidable
attack on the western front. Conf
dence is expressed in Petrograd that
the Russian government might put an
army of three million men in the field
and the Bolsheviki Red guard, made
up of armed Russian workmen, al
ready has started toward the fighting
front. A complete break undoubtedly
would compel the Germans to return
to the eastern front the troops they
have taken away within the past SIX
weeks and would make it Impossible
for the Germans to renew trade rela-
tions with Russia in order to obtain
much needed food stuffs.
Snow Halts War Activity.
Snow and Indictment weather are
holding in check any large scale
operations on the western and Italian
fronts. The British and Italians con-
tinue to repulse enemy raids at vari-
GUS points while the German artillery
bombardment in the Ypres and YER
dun sectors still is very strong
Greater U-Boat Losses.
Increased loss of merchantmen is
shown in the current British and
French reports. Thru mines and sub
marines the British lost twenty-one
more than 1900 tons, or nine more
than the previous week when twelve,
including eleven of the larger tonnage.
were sunk. French losses were Zine
steamers of more than 1900 tons, as
compared with two in the previous
week;
December shipping losses were but
slightly higher than those in Novem-
Der, which established a low record.
Submarine sinkings also are said to
have been more common in Decem-
Der than in any previous month, be-
ing greater than the number the Ger
mans probably were able to build.
The severe weather conditions are be-
lieved to have added to the effective
ness of the submarines in that it COM
PEELED them to operate closer together
and nearer 20 shore. This fact may
account in part for the increase in the
number of U-boats caught by the al
lied feetS
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-01-03
ICE is GOING NOW
CONTINUED from Page one.)

Continued from Page One)
when the young blood could cavort
upon the ice the venerable king retires
to his lair in the north and the
streams once more are freed from
their heavy coating by a twelve mile
wind from the south ably assisted by
bright sun. The lowest temperature
of the night was recorded at o'clock
this morning when a reading of Ia
degrees was placed on the books. Of
course 1 4 degrees temperatures do not
have very adverse effect on the
formation of ice, but today the tenn
peratures went as high as 35 degrees
at o'clock, and ice and temperatures
above 80 degrees don't mix very we'll
and one of them must go. Tomorr ow
will probably see the destruction of
the vacation ice, as the prediction calls
for temperatures around 40 or SO de-
grees at that time.
At Oklahoma City this morning the
sun was shining and temperatures
were on the rise after the low reading
for the night of Is degrees. The yell
low legs at Doniphan stepped out
smart1y this morning in what the reg
ulations call military manner"
The official forecast for the day
says generally fair tonight and Fri
day; warmer tonight and in south and
east portions Friday.
Shipments north, east and west
should be protected against a tenn
perature of 80 degrees and south
against 35 degrees
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-01-03
ROCK ISLAND FIRST
Road Discontinues Trains Between
Kansas City and St. Joseph.

A1tho western roads as yet have
b en- able to take but few steps that
will eliminate the duplication of
freight and passenger train service,
action is expected in few days. The
Rock Island made a preliminary eff
fort to confirm with government or
ders today when the road announced
that two thru freight trains running
over leased lines between Kansas City
and St Joseph have been discontinued
This leaves the Kansas City-St.
Joseph field to the Burlington, tn
Missouri Pacific and the Great
Western.
In larger western cities the deliv-
ering of passenger tickets from up
town ticket offices has been discon-
tinued. This, however, does not af-
feet Topeka, as no such policy has
been observed by local roads, other
than deliveries by city passenger
agents personally.
meeting of the western passenger
agents will be held in Chicago today
and officials will outline a system of
operating ticket offices under federal
control, it is said.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-01-03
In GOOD CONDITION
Commander Proud of Sanitary and
Moral Condition at Funston.

General conditions as to health and
sanitation at Camp Funston are good.
according to a letter received by Gov
ernor Capper today from c. c. Bal
lou, major general of the national
army in command at Camp Funston
during the absence of Maj. Gen.
Leonard A. Wood. Moral conditions
at the camp are better than at any of
the government environments, the let
ter stated.
Government Capper recently sub
mitted TO Major General Ballou COM
plants against conditions as made by
a Nebraska woman and given general
circulation. The complaint outline /
deplorabIe conditions as to health,
care of men and moral conditions.
According to the letter sent to the
governor, the men at the camp are
being well cared for. All are now
provided with bed sacks and the
health conditions are much improved.
Trouble from spinal meningitis has
practically been overcome, the letter
announced, and the principal danger
to the men at this time is from pneu-
monia contracted following attacks of
measles.
'I feel that the nation has reason
to be proud of this cantonment," said
General Ballou in outlining conditions
to the Kansas governor.