davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1918-12-29
And So They Gave Up.

And so,. with the supreme disaster
in sight, but not arrived, with their
power of resistance not ended, but ap-
preaching it's end, with their armies
still fighting we'll and retiring in good
order. the Germans gave it up in the
first days of November and on Novem-
Der IL the armistice became effective
and the allied road to the Rhine was
opened without further possibility Of
German resistance.
Such, in brief. is the story of the
campaign of 1918. 1t has two distinct
phases, that of Ludendorff from March
Il to July IS. that of Foch from July
IS to November IL.
In these two phases there are GER
tain clearly defined periods. There are
the three German blows, that of March
II. which was a stupendous success,
almost decisive. that of May 81, which
was great and hardly less threatening
than that of March and finally that Of
July Is. which ended in complete Ger
man defeat three days after, when
Foch, the German blow parried, pass
ed to the offensive and threw Mangin
with his Franco-American forces
against Ludendorffs flank and began
the march which has in recent days
ended at the Rhine. only by allied
choice, for the road to Berlin lies open
Germany has been conquered, was
conquered between July and Novem-
ber
Evening star., 1918-12-29
OLD INDIAN FIGHTER
TO ENTERTAIN TROOPS
One of Fighting McKennas" Will
Represent Knights Of CO.
lumbus Abroad.

NEW YORK. December 2S-James
A. McKenna of the Fighting Nc
kennas," a veteran Indian fighter on
the plains and a picturesque figure
known in many western states, will
be sent to France by the Knights of
Columbus to entertain American
troops, it was announced today.
Uncle Jimmy" as he is familiarly
known, has been secretary for the
fraternal organization at Camp Cody.
n. M.
Since he left his home at Pittsburgh
at the age of thirteen. Mckenna has
had many thrilling experiences IN
various parts Of the world. AS
rancher and mining prospector he had
battles with Indians, Mexicans and
horse thieves, and had many narrow
escapes from death. While SER
geant in the United States Army in
the Philippines he was awarded the
medal of honor for bravery in action.
Six years ago he was captured by
villa band in Mexico. but escaped.
He has engaged in mining in British
Columbia, Siberia and Central
AmsxiCs.
Evening star., 1918-12-29
OPEN DOOR NOT FREE TRADE,
SAYS w. S. CULBERTSON
Member of u. S. Tariff Commission Delivers
Address Before American Economic
Association at Richmond

important in the commerce between the
colonies and the mother country: 10y adj
ministrative regulations which, although
apparently applying to all equally, favor
German goods
Tariffs of Italian colonies are low. the
speaker stated, but preferences in favor
of Italian goods exist in both the impori
and export schedules. and colonial goods
enjoy some preferences in the Italian
market.
French colonies, he stated, may b.
classified. as to tariff. into assimilated.
open-door and special regime colonies
The third group have special tariffs, con
tanning some preferences.
United States Policy.
or the policy of the United States. a.
exemplified in the Philippines. Mr.. Cu
bertson stated:
THE United States tariff act of 1903
; established free trade between the
Philippines and the United States with
, few exceptions (Which were omitted
;; in the tariff act of 1879: that is. no
import duties were to be assessed on
domestic products of either the
United States or the Philippines when
entering the ports of the other. Thus
Congress definitely abandoned the
open-door policy. For some years
preferences to such Philippine prod
ucts as sugar. The Philippine tariff
act of August .. 1909. enacted by the
United States Congress. contains the
on imports in the Philippines from
countries other than the United
States. The tendency OF this tariff
act, it is said, was to exclude foreign
competition with American products
in the Philippines and the act was.
therefore. opposed bitterly by some
classes in the islands,
No nation should be asked TO ac'
alone in the abandonment Of prefer
entail Or discriminatory measures. Mr.
should be abandoned by all the powers
by general agreement. He makes the
following proposals as "SuggeStiye
guides toward permanent peace
Makes Proposals.
"(a) That general principles. gov
erning as many subjects as possible.
be enumerated in general treaties
signed by all the nations. For exam
pie, instead of leaving determinations
and preferences to nations bargain
ing two by two. or to special confer
enceS. the nations should adopt by
general treaty the principle of the
open door and unconditional most
favored nation treatment.
"(b) That there be established with
ample funds to support them. a series
of advisory and administrative com
missions, whose duty it will be to
investigate and give publicity to
matters of international concern and
to administer any task laid on them
by the final treaties
"(c) That the peace treaty provide
for the reassembling from time to time
of the delegates of the nations and
that at these periodic meetings these
presentativeS have power on their
own initiative, or on the recommenda-
ton of any one of the international
commissions, to revise or extend any
provision of the final treaty"
Evening star., 1918-12-29
WAR CAMPAIGN OF 1918
SHOWED FOCH'S SYSTEM
BEAT LUDENDORFF'S
Continued from Third Page.)

from the Danube. Taken together
with Allenby's victory. that of D'Es-
percy closed the fighting in the near
east and ended all German dreams of
Mittleuropa.
Foch Again Calls Americans.
While the news Of these two VIC
tories was filing the world, Foch
moved to a general attack designed to
turn the Germans out of their great
system of defenses from the sea to the
Meuse. On September 26 he threw the
LIST American Army against the Ger
mans north of Verdun, Gouraud's army
against them north of Chalons in
Champagne and in the following days
he loosed one army after another all
the way to the sea-
In the Argonne the Americans broke
the first system of German defenses
and Streamed north toward the final
line covering Sedan and the Metz
Maubeuge railway. In Flanders the
Belgians and British retook all the
lost ground about Ypres. pressed over
the hills and descended to the plain.
driving a wedge between the Ger.
mans and the Belgian seacoast and
threatening eventual isolation.
But it was to the south and against
the main wall of the Hindenburg line
that the principal blow fell. Begin
ming about september ~ the efeds
mass of British troops, with several
American divisions in line, pounded
their way through the whole twelve
miles of defense between Cambrai and
st. Quentin. BY october the line had
been left far behind, the last COM
plete barrier to allied advance was
gone, while northward the French.
British and Belgians were sweeping
through western Belgium. clearing
the SeacoaSt and approaching the
Scheldt. Lille and Roubaix. with
Bruges and Ostend. had fallen or
were about to fall. Laon, to the south.
had gone. The Germans still had de-
fense systems and were fighting with
resolution. but it was apparent to all
that the jig was about up. Along the
whole line, save before the Americans,
where the Germans were masSing re-
serves and making desperate stand,
the allies were advancing, and the
limit of German ability to halt Amer
ican troops was within plain sight.
Evening star., 1918-12-29
Closing Act at Hand.

The closing act of the drama was
now at hand. In the south the Ital-
ians took the offensive and destroyed
Austrian resistance in a brief battle.
which ended in an indescribable rout.
Austria ceased to have an army. hum
dreds of thousands of men flung down
their guns, Trieste and Trent opened
their gates and dAustria-Hungary sur
rendered on the battlefield. And at
this moment Serbia was liberated, Ru-
mania rising against her German mas
ters and Austria falling into ruin and
fragments.
a final stand the Germans made in
France in the last three weeks of the
war behind the Scheldt from Ghent to
Valenciennes. behind the Meuse and
in systems Of defenses prepared be-
tween the two rivers. But by Novem-
Der l the British had forced the line
of the Scheldt and were advancing
upon Maubeuge and Mons, the French
were sweeping all before them from
Guise to Rethel and the Americans
were at last through the final German
barrier and were streaming forward
to Sedan. whose suburbs they were to
enter before the armistice was signed.
Evening star., 1918-12-29

Continued from First Page.)
of the government. Some Of the bonds
will have to be and should be re-
funded when the time comes.
There was a stabilizing but not
retiremen. provision in the establish
ment OF sinking fund from which
the treasurer had the right to draw
first 31a's. in the open market, up to
five per cent of the amount OF bonds
outstanding in any one year.
This stabilizing measure worked for
a time in the marketing OF the fourth
liberty loan, the government buying
of other issues, but, finding the SELL
ing pressure too heavy, withdrew
from the market, and the bonds have
steadily declined since that date.
What Bankers Urge.
Many bankers urge that a per cent
sinking fund would require too heavy a
tax in connection with the other bur-
dens upon the taxpaying public. This
would mean the retirement OF all obli-
cations in twenty years, a matter not
contemplated nor desirable. while the
establishment of per cent sinking
fund would wipe out the big debt of the
worlds war in fifty years, a record OF
which any nation should be proud.
Even this could not be accomplished
without continued heavy taxes and gov
ernmentai economies, but per cent
fund would enable the retirement Of
one-f1fth of the third liberty bonds when
due and the ready funding Of the other
two thirds, with better provisions for
other obligations as they mature.
Looking at the situation from the an
gle of receipts and expenditures, it
would look as if the day of the occa-
sonal biIlion-do Congress had gone; 1;
that the day for multi billion -dolla r
Congress had come to stay, nobody
knows how long.
But this is rich-the richest-coun-
try, and with direction in the line Of
the wise corporation or business man, in
using the sinking fund for gradual re-
iirement. the obligations should cause
small worry.
Evening star., 1918-12-29
Preferences Are justified.

beaten, although a far smaller 1rac-
ton of their main masses was at
fected. But, had there been no rush
of American troops to Europe, oecon-
ing visible and in a slight measure
available by the first days of June,
the two allied defeats might have
given Germany victory on the con-
tinent, a chance to write another
treaty of Tilsit such as Napoleon
wrote in 1907. after Austerlitz, jena
and Friedland. But before we gave
military aid our troops supplied a
balance in the bank soon to become
available at the moment when de-
spair was abroad.
U-Boat Blockade Was Fatal.
History will, I believe, reckon that
this war was lost on the day the Ger
mans decided upon their submarine
blockade of 1917, which brought the
United States into the war. This will
be reckoned as fatal to Germany. as
was Moscow to Napoleon. Napoleon
fought one more campaign in Ger
many after his Russian disaster, 4
great campaign which narrowly
missed victory at certain moments,
but his doom was written IN the ter
rible events of the previous year. 1t
was beyond the resources of France
to supply him with the men neces-
sary to continue his great victories.
and, once he suffered a real defeat,
the French people deserted hir'.
It was the same with Ludendorf
he and those about him assured the
German people that the war could be
won by the submarine and the army
before America could intervene. But
when America interVened. after the
German campaign had failed on sea
and on land. the German people gave
it up, they saw America at last cor
rectly, and seeing, surrendered.
q. S. Reaped Where Others sowed.
We Americans reaped where others
sowed. our victories were every
where made possible by the endur-
ance of those who had died in defeat
or desperate defense. where we at
tackled. We were still small element
in the total host. when the battle
ended. But we had behind us numbers
inexhaustible: We had been able to
supply precious. perhaps decisive
handfuls. in the worst days. and we
were sweeping before US the rem
nants of forty German divisions who
had striven vainly to check up, in
the final act.
In all ways the campaign of 1918
was the greatest in the war. in the
history of modern war. 1t had all the
terrible fascination of a battle long
in doubt, it had the final lift of a
supreme victory. On the military side
it revealed the decisive contest be-
: tween two great military systems
each splendidly represented by a
great soldier. But the victory of the
French system over the German was
complete and the advantage of Foch
over Ludendorff will never be ques.
toned.
And as the war was saved at the
Marne in 1914, SO it seems to me
it was won at the same stream il
1918. These are the supreme tests OF
the war. forever memorable in the
; history of human liberty.
Evening star., 1918-12-29
/THE principle Of the open
door does not imply free
trade nor even low or rev.
~ <.-s~e iy,oy1ieS

| </"HE principle Of the open
door does not imply free
trade nor even low or rev.
u enue tariffs. 1t implies
actual equality and uniformity OF
traa atment in import and export dutles'
harbor dues, customs regulations. dis
tribution of raw materials and oppor-
tunities for investments or conces-
sions."
This was the statement of William
Smith Culbertson. member OF the
United States tariff commission. be-
i fore the American Economic Associa-
tion. meeting Yesterday at Richmond,
Va.
Later in his address Mr.. Culbertson
explained that whereas the highness
or lowness of a tariff should ne deter
mined solely with regard TO the IN
terests of the people directly anecteo'
preferences in tariffs (and otner com.
mercial and financial matters eoo) are
international problems.
Reviews "open-Door" History.
Mr.. Culbertson reviewed the history
of "open-door'' development polntins
out how the old colonial system OF the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
was based on monopoly. exclusion ana
the CLOSED door, Colonies then were
conceived to exist solely for the pen-
eft of the mother country.
Following a worldwide revision OF CO.
lonial policy in the latter part of the
nineteenth century, Great Britain founo
that she had under her flag some OF the
most desirable parts OF the earth sur,
face. Today, Mr.. Culbertson stated. an
the dependent colonies of Great Britaln'
including India, have import tariIs eH-
bodying the open-door principle.
"Great Britain, however. has recently
levied export taxes on palm Kernels
raw cocoa and jute when exported from
West Africa and India, and these taxes
are remitted if the exports go 20 any
portion of the British empire, ne
added.
sAustralia grants preferences in her
tariff to the United Kingdom and 10
South Africa. In New Zealand the ger. .
eral tariff is the preferential tarin ana
the British empire. Countries OUTSIDE
the empire pay Surtax.
Preferences Are Justified.
"rhese preferences within the British
empire are justified, it is said, on the
ground of political and sentimental ties.
They are, it is claimed, purely OF DO
mestic concern But the same claim
might be made for discriminatory reci-
procity treaties between nations"
Though the published tariff rates OF
German colonies show no preferences,
Mr.. Culbertson states that the question
may be raised, Were there any con-
cealed preferences, and II not what mo-
tive led Germany to pursue an OPEN
door policy?
preferences may be concealed by ar
ranging a freetlist in order to exempt
from import duties articles predomi-
nantly of Gernan origin by placing rel
atiyely lower duties on goods which are
Evening star., 1918-12-29

Buy Your home now!
Prices will be much
higher with signing of
the Peace Treaty.
Labor will not be ma
terially lower.
Therefore the cost of
material cannot be.
Vacant land will soon
command much better
prices.
The supply OF new
houses in the next
twelve months will not
equal one-tenth of the
demand.
We can sell you
choice homes at 500 to
1915 OF the reproduction
cost.
Two choice rs" street resi-
dences. near 18th street: owner
wishes to sell one Of them; one
IL rooms and 5 baths; one 10 rooms
and baths; hot-water heat, eIec-
f-ic lights. sleeping porch. Prices,
S.u,OuU and SlJ.0tU Possession.
.'U" Veruon, street. between
18th and 18th streets northwest:
southern exposure: 10 rooms and
bath Price. $500.
18th street near California ave-
n1e; rooms and bath; furnace;
good business future. Price,
$500.
Goth street near tx" street; Q
rooms and bath; furnace; garage.
Price, S'.4Jo.
orren street northeast: 6 rooms
and bath: bot-wates heat, electric
lights. Price, S4.100.
Lamont street nrar 18th street:
rooms and bath: hot water; side
alley. Price. $3.50.
Near 18th and "E'' streets north
cast: rooms and bath. Price,
$500.
''K' street southeast. near 14th
street; 6 rooms and bath; large
cellar. Price, 5000.
Harvard street near Sherman
avenue; Is rooms and bath. Price,
$3.50.
New Cut road, near Conduit: s
rooms. semi-detached frame.
Irtce, 5000.
Buy Now-Spring prices will
I've higher.
Aflan l.. Walker & Co., Inc,
First Tloor-Southern bldg.
IS 18th st. Main 426.
REED SALE-INSTANT POSSESSIO
,sr will sacrifice Or. 4 b. desirable corn
le in Georgetown. Box 16-k. Star office. >
EMPLoYE LEAVING WAS
on will sell at q loss new semi-detach
,cr1 sad c-bath house; Randolph st. b.
Evening star., 1918-12-29
Assessing the Causes.

Looking backward, how shall one as
sess the causes Of German failure and
allied success: Both sides possessed
great commanders, although the su-
periority of Foch is incontestible. The
first German blow was one of the most
perfectly planned thrusts in all mill
tary history. 1t surprised and almost
destroyed an enemy. who could and did
rely upon the fact that in four years of
the warfare of positions there had been
no successful break through in the west.
Ludendorff brought superior numbers
secretly to the decisive point, he won
his great battles, but the battle failed
to be decisive mainly because allied re-
sistance continued beyond the calculated
point and the German striking force was
exhausted before the actual Knockout
could be delivered. And of the Flanders
strike the same is to be said.
The second German blow, that above
the Aisne, was less heavy. despite its
initial success, but it, too. wore itself out
without attaining decision. Again the
final blow could not be delivered and
the Germans were suddenly confronted
in the first days Of June by a counter
offensive recalling Joffres momentary
venture at Guise in 1914, where he sud
denly turned and won considerable
victory.
Evening star., 1918-12-29
FOR SALE

FOR SALF-
To Responsible Colored
Purchaser.
Desirable six-room and bath,
modern homes in northwest Sec
ton of city. Price, $3,OOO-&50
cash, $50 per month.
Also 5-room houses in best Sec
ton of southwest city. Price,
$2,25Oe$l50 cash, $3.50 per
month, including both interest
and principal.
Full particulars apply after S
pm. week days--Sundays, 9 am.
to 9 pm.
B. B. PINN,
1885 Walter St. Sc.
Evening star., 1918-12-29
Pursues Strategy to Final Test.

Still unwarned Ludendorf pursued his
on one more battle. calculating as
Moltke calculated in the days of the
first Marne, that the French were ex-
hausted and the British out of it, And
again an amazed German commander
in-chief saw an enemy, already out Of
the battle by all the laws Of military
text books, return to the offensive, ad-
vance. succeed. French and British
morale had outlasted German by July,
and thereafter 1t was merely a question
of how long German morale would last
in defeat.
OF Foch's strategy it is too early to
speak with exactness. His method
was the exact opposite of the German.
He did not seek to gather up all his
energies and resources and deliver a
single colossal blow, which, if sue
cessful, would win the war, but if
unsuccessful would paralyze him for
a long period while he was recon
s.ructing his thunderbolt. Rather
his method was one Of swift blows,
each light but each followed promptly
by another at a new point, from the
moment that Ludendorff lost the sec
ond Marine to the end he was never
able to reconstruct his own armies
or escape from the mas cry of Foch's
plans. He had to meet one thrust at
ter another. conform to his foes
strategy until his cracking army was
abandoned by civilian populace
which had completely collapsed.
Last Blow Napoleonic Gamble.
The last blow on July Is of Luden-
dorm was rs great a gamble as Ma
poleon's use Of the Old Guard in the
closing hour Of Waterloo Had Luz
dendorf retired rather than advanced
in July. regained strategic freedom
by retreat as Hindenburg had done
in 1917, he might have escaped final
disaster for the campaign of 1918.
But this was his last chance, nor is it
improbable that in doing this he
would have precipitated collapse of
the German public which would have
hastened rather than delayed the end.
aDetaoin shrdlu cmfwyp vbgkqj xzf
In March the British were beaten.
beaten Is they have never been beat.
en- in 500 yeaRa Of history. Even now
one shudders In recalling those ter
cible days. May the French We're
Evening star., 1918-12-29
VIRGINIA FARMS.

full opportunities, two to four crops a year,
grow fruits. flowers and vegetables in mid
winter raise livestock. cattle, hogs. chickens.
Own your own home in the land of sunshine:
snow or coal bills in Florida. Don't invest
here until you know what you're doing. For
your own protection learn the Truth About
Florida by reading the states big agricul-
tural journal. answers questions tells fact.
both good and the bad. Our business is to tell
the truth, we are not selling land or boosting
anything but the greatest state in the Union.
Send 25 cents for three months trial subscrip-
ton. money back if not satisfied Address
THE FLORIDA GROWER, 506 Maxwell ST.,
Tampa, Florida.
Evening star., 1918-12-29
OUT OF TOWN REAL ESTATE.

FOURTEEN-RooM COUNTRY RESIDENCE:
2 stories and attic. suitable for dance and bill
lizard hall: stucco walls, cement cellar: running
water and bath; with fifteen acres land sur
rounding it: situate on River road tpike). 80
minutes from Washington by auto: near car
line; 81, miles from Potomac. Md. Inquire
Miss NJ. V. Harrison. Price. $4,000; one-third
cash. balance time.
MUST SACRIFICE NY HOME. LEAVING
town miles out in Va; good roads; rooms,
bath, furnace. hardwood throughout; garage;
two lots 50x100; everything modern and up to
date; $3.50, with SL250 cash. balance
monthly; paid S., 900 six months ago. Ad-
dress Box 1s-K. Star Office. 81
VIRGINIA FARMS.
Fertile 6-acre city farm at Richmond, vir-
ginia, and new bungalow: only 5000; easy
terms. Also excellent large farm bargains.
Delightful climate. Address X. T. CRAW
LEY, Agr'l Agent, c. l. o. BY. Co.. Box G,
Richmond. Va
Evening star., 1918-12-29
1919 East Capitol St. y. L.
Is Girard st. \. i.

1917 I-dSt NdpltOi 81. y. l..
2S Girard st. n. L.
Six-room and tile bath. elec.
lights, hot water heat, double
floors. Immediate possession.
For sale by Thomas A. Jameson,
50 New York ave. II. w. Phone
North 1858: free auto service. A.
1;Y OWNER. WELL CONSTRUCTED. Mob
threc-St"ry brick; ten rooms. two baths:
l--w. h.: instantaneous heater for baths: deep
lot to paved alley; room for garage: electricity
and gas; excellent condition; near 18th and Co.
]rmha road. Phone Col. 2t31.
WILL SELL. MY SMALL MODERN. SIN
room brick house, near Line Oln Park. for
$-.5D: $500 cash. small monthly payments.
ADDRESS BOX ls>h. Star office.
THE OWNER OF GOOD, ENTIRELY MOD
h0ine. best residence district. vacant by
changed business conditions. will sell very
reasonable terms to responsible buyer: has
eleven rooms. three baths; large garage n
T"r's coal in: located Vicinity Bltmore and 18th
st>. ready immediate occupation. A few rooms
flled would Keep up the easy payments Phone
sunday. other days evenings only, West 1875,
address I;"N 1J9-k. Star office.
FOR SALEM MOUNT RAINIER. MD, SIN
room house with modern improvements: large
l't and fruit: three blocks from electric
station. Address Box l61-k. Star Office.
Evening star., 1918-12-29
RETIREMENT OF LIBERTY
BONDS IMPORTANT
DUTY FOR CONGRESS

Continued from First Page.)