davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1918-11-15
MSS
GRADING: SYSTEM -
CHANGED ~ L. ~ -

Among other changes in the Uni
v"rsity of oklahoma at Norman made
by iii. War Department is tn" sys
TEN Of grading. For Il number oi
years the University has used \, Il,
and 6. with minu> signs to represent
the grades. as is done in most other
universities. beginning with III,
grades just handed in by the teach,
.rs for the past months work. The
grading will be on the percentage b.
lis with loo per cent rs perfect.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1918-11-15
The Strong Withstand the
Summer Better Thai the

Old people who are feeble and YOU'D
who are weak. will be strengthened and
10 through the depressing heat Of sunni
ing GROVES TASTELESS chill TONIC.
and enriches the blood and build up the
TEN. You can 500 feelits Strenstheniu
ating Effect. co..
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1918-11-15
-'WSS

War Savings Stamp> are
cure and sure To bring YOU
1873. Buy one each week.
Durant weekly news. (Durant, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 190?-1944, 1918-11-15

~ Nv W." w '"'N' '' '' So"
RESOURCES
'"nn,s '"~,rt ,h"," Snow" IN -" and e. $ Ye,".>a:
H M","s a %nn hin, r. .%S, "%. , ."nn'. -, ina" ,.,4,s, ,,,~,.
> o,"rdinms. e".ur"d, sEN"o 90; unsecured.
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a $ honds Deposited to seen" circula-
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a%..* r' "s"%' to an. . ,,r'" ".,'si s 81 ""."' "%
" n%,, , %" ,% % ,,,,,.
" !. %I%,% h~n.. ~ /! ant ~. per .nnmw
, r: :ss;: I .r.s;,s !" .,: %r; ;:,. l:;., d.. '; !" s; 's""~ a"'""
rss%a,IH.S "n' thai" / 5 %na, n" .s.. ,...
. stock %'%" on rr i"* u, s"r" %%a%' ,"v per '" '' "
Il Il: " Ha 7 '"s* '"" :~ ':'"', :;D~, than banking '.""""
IS. ,.. "s"r reserve with Fedora, Reserve Bank , %";i =
nati"noI banks uo 80 -
&c. S ;'% :"" :"%;. "": ' ":":- "' ;":a " %:f"s:. 'T ID
5 'H '%"" ,% " "l",' "+" "~ t ' '%i -'" S ant" iv %
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20. nS %1"'D'|S bun" """a ' ""n "' 7 $ '' T''.. '"%, and i '"''
%. w ""' sa?as e : IS Ii",'s's sra Thrift Stamps 1900"
Total s1*ra",>4
3 3 s sar%,n. "I" "nS """ i" 10" 90" "" :"
- b Les. "'"rr".n ' expenses, Interest and taxes "''
B: &: S 81; "".""," "": ,": " {" " I" .,"4, ~. :';: !:
. \" %%% "" '"%r. NJ 70 '"' %"f '"' "'" '"'i"a~' II" !"
" ""%:r. {: .: :,:=; z ;;: ~: H.. /" bank ..r~- '''"'"
" "%~ > ~'S>" !" ''>*;'" ''"""~'~ pay
s. s: ' csrii"a'r. ' Of s"r. ~%"5 S. i" i ih~'t ;An ;" "''''s'>
q. c. "as '" '.rrs se" ""'* IS" %a",: ""''""""' .s:i So" i
81 "' 1;". "% %"""~", ": >"%1>, t.. Reserve ~,. ""'
nr after :" '''" Or more" notice and
A . curi,m.,m. - I...,, .,,. h. ...
New-York tribune., 1918-02-14
D. H. Tolman, Loan
Shark "kine." Dies

MONTCLAIR, N. j., Feb. 13.-Daniel
d. Tolman. one time known as the
king of loan sharks" and as such
convicted in New York City and sent
to Blackwelps Island for six months,
died to-day at his home, 90 North
Mountain Avenue. Tolman was found
guilty of usurious practices, late
in 1913, and was not released from
Blackwell's Island until March 25, 1914.
Tolman had been a resident Of
this this town for the past five years. He
was originally arrested in Mercer
County, because of the methods pur-
sued at his office in Trenton. He at first
pleaded not guilty, but subsequently
withdrew the plea and was then fined
$1,000 by Judge Gnichtell, and placed
on probation for three years. The day
after being fined he was arrested in
New York City
~ Following his conviction in New
don, York, Tolman offered to cancel $780,
600 in loans if he might thereby ob-
tain his release. At his trial it was
established that he had agencies in
twenty-seve states and the District
of Columbia
New-York tribune., 1918-02-14
Thrift Cards To-day Honor Patron
OF Lovers; Shepards Set Example
r Friends of Finley J., Jr., and
Ills Foster Brother and
Sister Get Is Cent War
Saving Stamps on St. VAL
entine Day

To-day is the first St. Valentines Dav
since the United States entered the
war, and the event will be marked hv
the introduction all over the country
OF thrift cards as valentines.
In New York, Mr. and Mrs. Finlev
j Shepard are enthusiastic supporters
of the wartime valentine. To all the
friends of Finley ]. Shepard, ir.. and
OF the other three adopted Shepard
children thrift cards with a 25-cent
stamp attached to each have been sent.
1T was learned yesterday.
There can be no more appropriate
way of celebrating the day. said Mr..
Shepard, in response to a request to
explain his support of the new valen-
tine, than by introducing children and
grown-ups, too, to this way of helping
bring peace step nearer. Every quar-
ter loaned to the government means
more supplies for the men abroad. and
every thrift card filled will help to
bring another soldier back from the
war alive. There is fascination, par
ticularly to children, in seeing the
cards fill up with the quarters they save,
and the habit SO begun will mean much
more to them than they realize when
the time comes for them to understand
New-York tribune., 1918-02-14
Swami Protests
Enright's Act in
Shifting Costigan
District Attorney Tells the
Mayor Vice Crusade Has
Been Hampered

District Attorney Swami told Mayor
Hylan yesterday during conference at
tlty Hall that if Police Commissioner
Enrlght's order limiting the activities
OF Inspector "Honest Dan" Costigan to
the lst Inspection District is not re-
scinded the prosecutors work in the
gambling and vice crusade would be
seriously hampered. He asked that In
spector Costigan be given "roving as
signment" to check up on conditions in
any part of Manhattan.
Costigan had been assigned to Mr..
Swann's office to assist in barring vice
conditions until last Friday when, with
out notice to the District Attorney
commissioner Enright ordered Costi-
gan to take command of the lower East
Side of the city. Stripped of power to
act beyond the boundaries of his dis.
trict, Inspector Costigan has been COM
PEELED to abandon his work for the Dis
trict Attorney.
Enright Denies Interference
While Commissioner Enright said
that ne was unaware of the prosecu
tors visit to the Mayor, he issued a
statement shortly after Judge Swami
left City Hall emphatically denying
that he was attempting to interfere
with Inspector Costigan's work by dis
landing the vice squad. He said he
had merely combined two squads with
vice suppression duties in order to
eliminate duplication.
The Mayor assured me that he was
agreeable to anything that would
make the gambling investigation ef
fective," Mr.. Swami said after the
conference. The situation is just
1hls: l. need Inspector Costigan right
mere with twenty-tive men. No one
put Costlgan can do the work | want
cone. and ne cannot properly do it
for me as long as he is confined to
one district. AS it is now, he must
report through regular police chan
nels-to Acting Chief Inspector DAILY |
or through Deputy Commissioner
Lahey instead of direct to me. do |
not want the gamblers to know that
only one section of the city is being
watched at one time. Under my plan
Costigan would be able to investigate
the big games at will and to make his
reports direct to me, or to Commits
sioner Enright."
Mr.. Swami went on to say that he
hought the arrangement might be
,nly tentative" adding that he wanted
Jostigan "back Immediately"
eve are going to iron this situation
tut In way to make for the cIeanli-
Tess of the city. I don't for minute
loubt the sincerity of Commissioner
.nrlght. | propose to see him, prob
bly, tomorrow, and l haven't doubt
hat the situation will be Strengthened
ut satisfactorily" he said.
Mayor Reviews Records I
Immediately following his confer
nee with the Mayor, the District At
orney sent Assistant District Attor-
ey James K. Smith, in charge of the
John Doe" gambling inquiry, to the :
ity Hall with the records of the testi-
lony that has been taken thus far
efore Judge Wadhams of General Ses-
ions, who has been sitting as a COM
hitting magistrate.
Mr.. Smith was closeted with the
Iayor for more than an hour going
YER the testimony.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-14

years in settlement work in the "Houst
on Henry Street." further suggests thai
it might be we'll for the city to sub
sldize the milk supply, SO that pure
milk, which is the most important foot
tor growing children, could be gener
ally available. She also recommends
the establishment OF more community
kitchens, from which housewives may
obtain wholesome, we'll cooked food.
Miss Mabel Kittredge, of Sc Wash
lngton Square, who, as an appointee of
Mayor Mitchell, developed plans for a
distributive kitchen which is soon to be
opened at Twenty third Street and Lex.
irgton Avenue, also believes that the
wider development of such kitchens
would be an effective means to the So
luton of the undertaking problem.
But Robert Crosby, head of the Uni
versity Settlement House, at Rivington
and Eldridge streets, doubts the eff
cacy of such kitchens unless they are
adapted to the people in the community
they serve. He points out that they
would be little used by the Orthodox
Jewish people who prevail in his COM
munity: Jewish people demand that
their food be prepared along certain
we'll defined lines, and will eas no other
put better remedy, Mr.. Crosby be-
lieves, is the government licensing Of
every retail dealer
Food Education Urged
Mr.. Crosby further advocates edu-
cation in the kinds of food to use.
fltteen years ago, he said, underfeed-
ing was largely attributable to gno-
rance of food values. This can no
longer be said to be the principal
cause, but is still one of the contrib
utlng factors which can he 1;r;no+od
DR.. Charles H. Smith, of Belle
vue Hospital, said that his observa-
tlons convinced him the figures com
piled in DR.. Bakers survey for the
Board of Health were not exaggerated
and that underfeedng was one of the
very serious consequences of war
prices. Three hundred underfed chill
dren from neighboring schools were
treated last year at his nutrition clinic
at Bellevue Hospital, at the foot
of East Twenty-sixth Street. The
wider establishment of such nutrition
clinics would extend the treatment to
many children whose condition de
mands medical attention.
Children of school age are first to
feel seriously the shortage of fool, re-
sulting from high prices. Mosi anv INV
adult may cut down on what he or she
eats without injury, because when the
BODY stops growing food is needed |
only to repair waste. But il children
get only enough food to repair waste |
their growth is hindered.
Inc problem of undernourish-
nent," said Dr.. Baker, "is not a prob
EN- of philanthrophy; it is a problem
tor the community's wellbeing. It's
children must be we'll fed if its citi-
ems are to be healthy and normal"
New-York tribune., 1918-02-14
City Ownership
Unlikely, Hylan's
Message Indicates

Stock in prediction pledges for
municipal ownership took another
slump yesterday when Mayor Hylan
sent message to the Board of Alder
men outlining the present condition of
city finances and pointing out that the
city was within $10,861 1888 of its debt
limit
While the Mayor did not refer to the
platform plank on municipal ownership.
his message appeared to indicate clear
ly that he, as we'll as other city officials.
had finally come to the realization of
what most everybody else seems to
have known, that the town is not in
the position to do much in the matter
of purchasing public utilities.
The Mayor also took occasion to pre-
pare property owners for another iumn
in the 1918 tax rate. He placed the
blame, however, on the "extravagances"
of the Mitchell administration with re-
spect to the new Court House site and
other matters. Pointing to the tax tax rate .'te
of 2.O2 in Manhattan for 1917, he said
1T is certain that the 1913 tax rate
Will be much higher because of gross
extravaganza in the past. With these
higher taxes have come heavy burdens
that the great mass of our people have
had to bear. With our assumption of
office there has come to us heritape
OF vast accumulated indebtedness: of
disregard of the principles of economv
in the administration of the city's af,
fairs. TO remedy these evils so far
as may be in our power is our task
and to that task We must address our'
selves resolutely."
The Mayor declared that "prorrcss
in this direction must necessarily he
slow" but he added that the admins.
tration had already started on MA the
right road by eliminating unnecessary
burdens burdens and positions in the city gov,
ernment by exercising the most car
full scrutiny in the filing of yacanc;es
and fixing of salaries for public ,nos;
tlons and IN restricting the issne '1,f ~
special revenue bonds with thcir a.
city" ~ tne
The Mayor said that no nea. IN,
proVements or enterprises should ho
'ntarad unon. .howevar,ueritoriou w..
New-York tribune., 1918-02-14
Stockyards Men Have Bitter
Struggle, Witnesses Testify
workers 10 Not Even Exist Deceny, Wage Arbitration
~0"m'ttee iod-Practically no Home Life Is Enjoyed
ana Recreation Is Unknown, Housewives Declare

CHICAGO, Feb. 13.-Witncsses test;
ned at the meat packers wage arbitro
''on hearing before Federal judge
Samuel Alschuler to-day that the life
OF stockyards laborers who reside in
the district known as "back of the
Yards" is bitter struggle for exist
ence
Mrs. Rosalie Bobek, q widow of ten
days and the mother of three children.
SAID her husband worked for Wilson e.
20. IN the Chicago stockyards for sew
erai years before he died as the result
OF falling downstairs at home. She
carried her three -year-old boy to the
witness stand with her, and gazed at
thc arbitrator through tear-dimmed
eyes as she told her story with the aid
of an interpreter
Friends Paid for Burial
When her children, had measles she
did not have money enough to have a
doctor, and when her husband died she
mad to rely on friends to pay his
funeral expenses, she testified,
IN answer to questions by Attorney
frank r. Walsh, she said she had never
attended theatre, moving picture
show, picnic or other form of amnse-
ment since she lived "back of the
yards: She never even went for street.
car rides to public parks because she
could not afford it, she said.
Mrs. Anna C. McQuillan, whose hus-
band is at present an organizer for
the American Federation of Labor hut
formerly worked in the stockyards as
lard inspector for $11O month,
testified thai she was never able to
live decently with her three children
on her husbands salary. She read a
statement of the living expenses Of
family Of five, prepared by an Off
clal of one of the stockyards labor
unions. 1t totalled $1,28S.s4 for the
year, and after inspecting it carefully
the witness said no family of five COULD
live decently on that sum under the
present high cost of living. 1t allowed
$40 month for rent, $50 for fuel and |
$50 to clothe the mother and children
She said the estimate made no allow.
ance for doctors bills, the education |
New-York tribune., 1918-02-14
100000 School Children
Undeffed, Survey Shows

More than 100000 school children in
New York are not getting enough to
eat. They are the victims of wars in
1ation of food prices. Because the
advance of wages has fallen far behind
the advance in food prices, these chill
dren are falling victims to disease, be-
cause their vitality has been lowered
by undernourishment.
Such are the conclusions of a survey
just completed by the Bureau Of Child
Welfare. Under the direction of DR..
Josephine Baker, it's director, III ,691
children were examined, and only II
per cent were found to be perfectly
normal as to nutrition. DR.. Baker be-
lieves that the extension of the school
lunch system, SO that each child can
get one hot meal in day. is the best
available remedy for the condition.
Public Hearing To-day.
A public hearing on school lunches
will be held before the Board of AL
dermen at 1880 this afternoon. A petit
ton to provide school lunches was pre-
sented to the Board of Education two
weeks ago.
Passage of the proposed measure,
known as the Calman-B -Braunstein ord
nance, will be urged to omorrow by DR..
Henry c. Holt, Dr.. Royal S. Haynes
and DR.. Henry Dwight Chaplin, repre-
sentatives of the Committee on War
Time Problems of Child Conservation
of the Academy of Medicine. A dele
cation which visited Washington last
week to discuss the matter with Fed
eral authorities returned with the ap-
proval of Surgeon General Gorgas, of
the army, and of Franklin K. Lane, Sec
retary of the Interior.
New York has a school population
Of about 100000, and the Bureau of
Child Welfare has come to the con-
clusion that, throughout all the oor-
oughs, nearly every fourth child is not
getting enough to eat
In the first class are put the chill
dren found to be in perfectly normal
condition as to nutrition. In the Sec
ond class, comprising 81 per cent,
we're placed those whom the tests
showed to be passible, or on the bor-
Ter line-not perfectly normal, but not
definitely undernourished. Of the re-
% per cent, 10 per cent were
'ound to be definitely undernourished,
md the other per cent were found to
)e so undernourished that they should
lave immediate medical attention., to
prevent their wasting away.
Proportion Is Doubled
The proportion of nder-nourished
hildren is more than twice what it was
year ago, according to the Health
Department record, which found only
0 per cent underfed in 1916.
Miss Lillian Valid, for twenty-five
New-York tribune., 1918-02-14
Enright Overrules
Woods Decision
In New Shake-Up
Grants Retirement of Cap-
tain Hughes Refused by
Ex-Commissioner

follce Commissioner Enright took
exception twice yesterday, to rulings
OF his predecessor, Arthur Woods,
flrst' he granted the application for
retirement of Captain Edward P,
Hughes, which Mr.. Woods denied. He
then restored to active duty CAPTAIN
W. Frank Peabody who, after his re-
lnstatement by the courts, following
uasmlssal on charges. was sent to do
once on Doy and night watchman duty in
Ihe chlef inspectors office.
The day for the Commissioner WAS
rounded out by the continuation of the
merry game of shake-up in the trans
ler OF Two captains; the reestablish-
ment of the Social Welfare squad hv
assigning three women detectives tn
work under Deputy Commissioner
Ourady, and the abolition of the sys-
TEN zen, OF arming policemen on day patrol
WIN nlghtstlcks. which has been in
enect since the streetcar strike.
captain Hughes's retirement comes
as surprise, despite the know]edoe
enat ne had made an application under
ex-Commlssioner Woods. He was
ss'lIaated, according to the department
1--WE Boys' programme, for nromoe
uon to the rank of inspector with tha
Headquarters assignment now hold hv
Inspector Cahalane.
Hughes entered the department
twenty-five years ago and rose RAPIDLY
7e was an inspector in charge of the
Deteet1ve Bureau when the Rosenthal
murder was committed and led the
hunt Tor the four gunner in the
Catskllls. He was reduced by Commits
Sloner Woods and sent to BROOKLYN.
Two years ago, while training a nolice
morse at Sheepshead Bay, he was un-
seated and badly hurt Last wear.
while captain of the Classon Avenue
station in Brooklyn, he was tried for
failing to suppress a gambling house
IN his precinct, and later TRANSFORMED
to Queens.
Captain Peabody. noted detective
IN the days of Inspector Mclaughlin. !
became involved in the Howard Gould
divorce case seventeen years ago and
was dismissed. He was reinstated bv
ex-Commissioner Baker, and three years
ago, while in charge of Queens pre-
clnct. was charged by ex-Commissioner
w oods with having made false blotter
entry.
Despite the efforts of Mr.. Woods, who
carried the case to the highest courts.
feabody was again reinstated by the
courts. Mr.. Woods refused to assign
him to precinct and sent him to "lck
postage stamps as he called it, and
AXE his turn in looking after the Chief
Inspectors Office at night He now
axes charge of the Flushing precinct.
The other captains shifted were
Charles E. Northrup from Flushing to
'arkville, and Michael Reidy, from
'arkvillc to Beach Street.
The new Social Welfare squad will
10 made up of Detective Sergeants Isa-
'elle Goodwin, Adele Priess, Maude
leslie and Ada Brady, and they will be
narged with protecting girls and juve-
'cmen gamblers, tango parlor nests
nd corner loafers
New-York tribune., 1918-02-14

the home. '"NN' "a
Calls Children Undernourished
The Rev. Louis w. Grudzinski nast,,
of st. Johns Roman Catholic Chnrcb
one of the largest parishes "bnck Of
tne yards expressed the opinion tha +
Inc members of his Church employed
IN IN the stockyards were underpaid and
'ne'r children undcrnourished. The
average family, he said, consisted Of
SIN or seven children, and it was i'm
possible on the wages received to pro-
Vlde proper food and clothing.
Agnes Nestor, president of tho Ma
tlonal Women's Trade Union LEAGUE
ana the only woman member of the
ADVISORY Council named by Secretary
OF Labor Wilson, made plea for an
elght-hour day and equal pay for men
ana al, women performing the same work
Hhc 81, SAID the minimum pay for men at
me stockyards was 271a cents an hour,
Whiie the minimum wage for women
TINS discrimination unjust.
"Flfty per cent of the stockyards'
workers do not live; they just exist,
ana 40 not exist decently." declared
1ohn k!kulski, organizer Of the Amcri-
can Federation of Labor.
Eighteen Nationalities Employed
kikulski said there are eighteen diff
terent natioralities employed in the
Chicago Stockyards. Only 10 per cent
Of the employees arc, Americans. About
$4,000. or less than half of those en-
ployed, belong to labor unions.
A year and half ago the packers
began employing negroes, the witness
said. He declared they were brought
from the South, and that to-day 5000
are employed. He had seen manv car
loads of negroes brought to Chicago
at night, he said.
The witness gave a description Of
W working day of stockyards laborer,
ne left his home at a. m, worked ali
Gay IN wet filthy, or at least unpleas
ant surroundings, and returned to his
family at or 8 o'clock at night.
The packing house workers have
no home life, and if it were not for the
work done by the churches ali their
children probably would grow nm
criminals" he declared. W
representatives of the packers said
testimony would be introduced to dis.
prove the truth of every charge made
oy kikulski. ''"uc
New-York tribune., 1918-02-14
De Woody Now Chief
Of u. S. Agents Here
Succeeds Capt. Omey as Head
of N. Y. Justice Bureau;
Has Able Record

Captain William NJ. OHley, for the
last SIX years in charge of the New
York office of the Department of Jus
tice Investigation Bureau, passes over
his authority to-day to Charles De
Woody, lately head of the Cleveland Di-
vision. Captain Offley, appointed to fiji
the important post vacated by S. Wris-
ley Brown, just commissioned major in
the ARMY Intelligence Department.
within the next few days VIII go to
washington to assume new duties as
special Assistant Attorney General in
charge of National Bank cases.
Although much younger man than
Captain Ofiey, Mr.. De Woody -no,v
only forty years old-has been in the
service Of the Department of Justice
Tor seventeen years. Starting as a 'aw
clerk, he won his degree while in gov
of the bar in Ohio and Michigan
De Woody achieved his first promi-
nence in 1910, when he was sent to
chicago to direct the beef trust IN
vestlgatlon. He was made head of the
Chicago bureau, then second in jmnor-
tance only to that in New York. Three
years afterward he was transferred TO
Cleveland. His work there in round
ing up enemy alien plotters, STAMPING.
out bomb squads in munitions plants
ana suppressing soapbox orators won
MN countrywide prominence.
1t was De Woody who dug un the
upon which Won Nostitz. edi-
tor Of one of the most powerful Ger.
man language newspapers in the
United States, the Cleveland "Waechter
md Anzeiger,' was interned. Another
recent case in which he played the
leading. part was the conviction Of
Ruthenberg, Wagenknecht and Baker
tor attempted Interference with tina
1ra1t' Ruthenberg at the time of his
.r1al having been Socialist candidate
5or Mayor of Cleveland and Wagon1
lnecht State Secretary of the Socialist
party.