davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wallace miner. [volume] (Wallace, Idaho) 1907-current, 1918-03-21

supply of manganese ore due 10 lack
of ocean tonnage has stimulated the
search for this mineral in the United
States where, 1t is very extensively
Used in the steel industry of the east.
No production Of manganese ore
has been made in Idaho so far. but we
have several interesting prospects
that are worthy OF investigation and
promise results in this mineral. These
manganese prospects are located in
the Lava creek district, in Butte coun-
ty, where an interesting lenzy shoot Of
the black oxide of manganese Is devel-
oped by prospect shaft 20 feet deep
and shows a width of two feet OF fair
grade ore carrying some silica. Some
of the richest kind of blue-black OK
de of manganese has recently been
found near the Short Line In Bear
Lake county, where a flat dipping
bedded vein in limestone and quartzite
formation exhibits a succession of
lenses up to three feet thick of high
grade ore, and efforts are now being
made to finance the development of
the deposit.
On Stergil creek, in Adams county,
in a porphyry formation, a pronounced
vein Of manganese oxide mineral from
|2 to 10 feet thick and exhibiting a
shoot several hundred feet long, is
now being opened to test its merits at
several points along it's course. The
average samples so far obtained carry
from 30 to IS per cent manganese
with IL to is per cent silica and are
too low grade for crude shipment east,
but the size of the deposit and it's
freedom form other minerals, except
silica. makes it an attractive prospect
ing venture at this time
Iron Ores.
Numerous inquiries have come to
this office from all over the country,
generally addressed to the state geo.
logical survey, which unfortunately
we do not possess, inquiring of our
states resources in iron ore for iron
making purposes. The most import
ant deposits of this mineral are at Iron
Mountain in Washington county
about 20 miles north of Weiser, >and
only about 3 miles In an air line from
the Snake river branch of the o. S. L.
railway below Huntington, and con
sists Of monster lode in igneous and
old sedimentary formations so to 1Oo
feet wide by 1000 feet long and carry
ing average values of SO to go per cent
iron in the form of grey hematite. 1t
Is estimated that the deposit would
contain resource of several million
tens at a moderately shallow depth.
Prospectors have reported success
sion of reoccurrence of similar ore on
a line striking northeast from Iron
Mountain to the main Salmon river,
but the writer has never seen any of
these other occurrences. Several large
bodies Of low grade hematte. about 80
per cent ore, exists on state land north
of the Clearwater river in Clearwater
and Idaho counties, which are prob
ably too low grade to be commercial
under present conditions.
The Wallace miner. [volume] (Wallace, Idaho) 1907-current, 1918-03-21
Jared off by the force of the explo

JdfTeu OIL Dy the IOTce Oh the eApio-
sions.
AS soon as the world conflict be-
came fact Mr.. Browning again de-
voted his attention to machine guns.
He developed two, one which Is water
cooled and operated by the recoil with
the cartridges fed on belt and the
light machine rifle.
The water cooled gun is put in &C.
ton when the gunner presses the trig-
ger AT the end of its recoil 1t opens
the breech, takes loaded cartridge
from the belt and at the same instant
casts the empty case from the cham
ber AS the new cartridge Is lowered
to the Chamber spring which was
extended by the recoil is released and
drives the cartridge into the chamber.
The firing pin has been cooked, and
the gun continues to fire just as long
as the gunner holds his finger on the
trigger
Machine gunners must be cool head
ed; they must also be good mechanics,
because they must have sympathet-
lie understanding with their machine,
and they must be good marksmen. 1t
is curious fact that some of. the very
best sharpshooters can not learn to OPP
crate a machine gun as we'll as man
who has not had their experience.
No Details Made Public.
When the United States government
held tests of the qualities of machine
guns to determine which types of
heavy and light guns it would be best
to use in this war the two Browning
guns were chosen. For military rea-
cons no information regarding these
tests beyond the fact that the Brown
ing guns were selected has been given
to the public. But when the story Of
the tests is made public it will add an
other vital chapter to machine gun
history
1t is safe to assume that the Brown
ing machine rifle will be great aid to
our troops at the front. 1t is unlike
any lIllHS WHICH mas DeeH uS6u hereto
fore. The fact that 1t weighs no more
than a sporting rifle and can be fired
from the shoulder will make it invalu-
able wherever it is necessary for the
troops to change positions quickly.
AS might be expected from the char
acter of his work, Mr. Browning is
very fond of hunting and trapshoot-
ing He has little time, however to
devote to such recreations. His home
is still in ogden, Utah. He maintains
a shop there, where all of his models
are made.
For many years it has been neces-
sary for Mr.. Browning to spend a
great deal of his time in Europe and
in the eastern cities of the United
States. He has been kept busy super
vising the manufacture of his arms in
the various factories, where they have
been made.
The Wallace miner. [volume] (Wallace, Idaho) 1907-current, 1918-03-21
CAN'T CANCEL POLICIES
EXPIRATION TWO YEARS.
ASSURANCES MANAGER MAKES
RULING AFFECTING cASU-
Atty COMPANIES.

C. o. Broxon, manager Of the states
to casualty company bond filed by
| 1t IN which accident industrial insur-
ance is guaranteed to employees Of
Lewiston firm, says the Boise States
man.
He says the casualty companies may
cancel insurance written, but insists
policies filed with him must be kept in
force for two years after date Of can
collation. for the purpose of guaran
teeing payment of losses for that per-.
iod Of time.
Company of Spokane.
The Newton Guernsey company of
Spokane, firm which has been writ
ing casualty insurance, last week ask
ed Mr. Broxon to return to it policy
written for the Clearwater laundry of
Lewiston.
Said Mr.. Broxon, Monday, when
asked what effect his ruling would
have upon companies which claim the
right to abrogate contracts of policies
by filing a 10 days notice with him
under the terms of section u, the
workmen's compensation act:
Why Policies Are Held.
II am not denying to the casualty
companies the right to cancel their
written for an employer, but
the policy must remain in force for at
least two years after such a notice Is
filed for the purpose of protecting en-
ployes who may be injured, and wait
some months before filing claim.
"At the end of two years the con-
tracts become worthless If notice of
withdrawal is filed because the law
provides that the statute of limitation
shall have run out on them
The Wallace miner. [volume] (Wallace, Idaho) 1907-current, 1918-03-21

1t is. reported from Germany that
wood is being largely used in place of
cellulcid, ivory and other substances
for the manufacture of combs Excel
ent toilet combs are made from thlnly
cut birch and beechwood
The Wallace miner. [volume] (Wallace, Idaho) 1907-current, 1918-03-21

The period during which rye flour
may be used as wheat flour substi-
tute in victory bread has been extend
ed to March 81, as in some sections Of
the country other substitutes are not
available.
The Wallace miner. [volume] (Wallace, Idaho) 1907-current, 1918-03-21

The campaign to raise a SECOND
$1O0,000,000 has been announced by the
American Red Cross for the week be-
ginning May 6. TO date nearly $780,
100000 has been appropriated for war
relief work.
The Wallace miner. [volume] (Wallace, Idaho) 1907-current, 1918-03-21

India leads all countries in the i'm
portation of cotton goods.
The Wallace miner. [volume] (Wallace, Idaho) 1907-current, 1918-03-21

Enlistments in the regular army
since April l, 1917, have been more
than $4,000.
The Wallace miner. [volume] (Wallace, Idaho) 1907-current, 1918-03-21
Must Be Kept Cool.

/
AS can be plainly seen, the grea
problem in making machine guns is t.
provide them with a means of cool.
ing. Some machine guns are water
cooled, others air cooled The use OF
water jacket is an effective method
| of cooling the dangerously hot barre
OF the gun. But water cooled guns are
heavier than air cooled guns. And the
weight is a factor to be considered
when it is necessary to move guns
from one point to another.
The air cooled gun is cooled by air
circulating among it's cooling flanges.
Because of it's light weight it is used
in air Nightingale guns mounted on
airplanes must be the lightest-and in
the first line trenches.
The world first heard of what the
machine gun could do when news
came to England of the effective use
Lord Kitchener made of the Maxims
he had with him when he commanded
the Anglo Egyptian army in Africa
and defeated the force of the Khalifa
at Kerreri near the town of Omdur-
man, on that memorable End of Sep
TENDER, 1898. The slaughter was so
great that Great Britain was horri-
fed.
For time there was. serious talk of
machine guns. Some per-
sons thought such death dealing IL
struments were not thing a decent,
civilized nation could use.
Ten Types Ready in 1914.
Notwithstanding the shock the
world received from Kitchener's ma
,hine gun victory, machine guns con-
inued to be developed. When the war
'roke out there were about 10 different
ypes ready for action.
II 1t had not been for her machine
runs Germany would never have been
bile to hold her own on the western
ront as long as she did. 1t must be
emembered that her enemies outnum-
'ered her two to one, and yet she held
er position because she used ma
hine guns in pairs, one to fire while
he other cooled and was relaid. the |
military term for training machine
'un back on its mark when 1t has been |
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1918-06-07
GATHERED FACTS

In high or rough water, in angling
for black bass, light-colored and bright
flies are most effective.
The book Of the Bible called Levitt
icus is so called because it relates
principally to the Levites and priests.
japanese utilize the hides of sea
lions for the manufacture Of a water
proof leather which has various uses.
Virginia, now the only state prohib-
iting women from practicing law, has
taken legislative action to lift the ban.
American toilet goods are increas-
ing in popularity in the far East.
France and England, the former sup
pliers, have been unable to make ship
ments recently.
The Russians undertake the great
est number of pilgrimages to the Holy
Land. 1t is estimated that in normal
times between 10000 and 10000 Rus
slams visit Palestine every year.
Cuba offers an excellent market for
American cutlery. German firms for
merly dominated this market, but it is
said that by efficient advertising meth
ods the trade can be permanently Sc
cured by dealers In this country.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1918-06-07

In New Zealand the minister of rail
ways is considering a suggestion that
railway locomotives be given names to
perpetuate some Of the great events
of the war.
Among many other useful and beau
tiful things for which we are indebted
to the Chinese wallpaper is not the
least. This seems to have first ap-
peared in Europe toward the end Of
the seventeenth century. 1t was
brought to France by overseas traders,
and the French Immediately perceived
the possibilities thus offered.
The average annual meat product
from the Tonto national forest Of Ari-
zona and the Humboldt national for
est in Nevada is estimated at $1,000
600.
A new Jersey woman has invented
a mesh bag to hold door key and
prevent it from being lost among the
contents of a pocketbook or shopping
bag.
Sponges very often give shelter to
small submarine animals and shellfish
but the boring sponge is fatal to
oysters. 1t attaches itself to their
shells and gradually bores its way in
side until it kills the oyster.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1918-06-07
1EE NZ101H2NNWnaU U00W0 EapWAL4UucAD WVEM

! fere with the production of steel
! plates or shapes for steel vessels.
"The vessel contemplated in our de-
sign is Of the same size, dimensions,
and form as the 3,5OO-ton standard
wood ship, except that the sheer line
I amidships has been slightly altered
| and no outer keel is fitted. The gen.
eral arrangement follows closely that
Of the wood ship, including the num-
| Der and location Of the bulkheads. The
prOpeIling machinery designed for the
wood ship has been provided prac-
| tically without change in the concrete
vessel. The length will be PCS feet,
and the beam 4G; draft % feet 6
inches, and full-lOad displacement
G,17J tons. The comparative weight
OF huh is as follows: Concrete, $500
! tons; wood 1900; steel, 1,1G0; weight
of the ship, light, concrete, 1912 tons;
wood, 2,777 tons; steel, 1000 tons"
Faith Built in Crude Plant.
A representative of the Emergency
Fleet corporation who witnessed the
launching Of the Faith at San Fran
cisco reports as follows:
"The ship was constructed by 40 or
so house carpenters, and the lack Of
machinery Of the plant was especially
noticeable. A small power saw, the
concrete mixer, pile of lumber and
another of gravel seemed to be the
only implements and materials in the
yard.
The installation of the machinery
will in all probability be completed in
a month, when the ship will be ut
once sent on a long trial voyage.
"The appearance Of the Faith at
distance is very little different from
that of any steel vessel of the same
dimensions. She has been designed
to carry 5000 deadweight tons, and
a steel ship Of the same dimensions
probably would not carry more than
G,000 deadweight tons. The ship is
painted black and the imprint Of the
mold Of the vessel is plainly visible
on close examination Of the hull, max
ing the ship appear very much as If
she were built of lumber.
"The engines will be of the triple
expansion type. AS this style pro-
duces the maximum vibration, the test
Of the action Of the vibration on con-
crete construction will be thorough.
This seems to be the only uncertainty
yet remaining to prove that the con-
crete construction of large ships is
wholly feasible. The Faith is the
first vessel that was ever launched
sideways in San Francisco. She
was not launched upside down, as is
popularity considered the manner in
which concrete ships are launched.
Small boats are usually constructed
upside down because of the ease in
cranking and in concrete ships be-
cause Of the pouring of the cement.
The Faith was built and launched
right side up"
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1918-06-07

| salt water for three years is in prac-
tically perfect condition; nor has there
been any cracking Of cement.
2,5oo,oo0 Tons by August, 1919.
"This department has completed the
detailed plans for n 3,500-ton concrete
cargo ship, and it is at work on plans
for 7,50O-ton type. We estimate that
between $50 and 200 3,5OO-ton con
crete hulls can be completed by the
end of this year if we start immediate
/ ly, and that if the construction of hulls
of 1900 tons each commences by June
2J0 can be completed by August, 1919
| that is approximately 100000 tons.
what about a concrete ship if at
tackled by n submarine|
"a torpedo would blow hole in a
concrete ship just as in any other kind
of a ship, but it would not crack the
hull, as some seem to have thought.
The concrete is not fragile like n
bowl; it is tough, due to the re-en-
forcing STEEL
"HOw does the cost of the concrete
ship compare with that Of steel?"
"The concrete costs about two
thirds as much. Concrete ships can
be built in much larger numbers than
ships of steel or wood, mainly because
the concrete vessels do not require a
large plant installation and because
the material is readily available. Even
a small steel plant costs $500,000. On
the other hand, a cement ship plant
can be built for $4,000. 1t may be
made so as to be portable. The prin-
cipal machinery required is a mixer, a
hoist, and a derrick. The time re-
quired to complete a concrete ship is
practically the same as that in a we'll
organized steel yard, from two to
three months.
"The ways used for concrete ship
are the same as those for other kinds
of ships. The first step is to build the
outside form, or mold, which is of
wood. The reinforcing steel is then
placed in position. Next the interior
form is built. Then comes the pour
ing Of the concrete into the form. No
interval is permitted in this; it is con-
tinued night and day in order to elimi-
nate joints as far as possible. This
operation requires several days. Three
or four weeks are given for the con-
crete to age Then the forms are
removed, and the ship is ready to pc
launched. Thereafter comes the in
ctolIotinn Of tha machinery
Material Is Plentiful.
"In concrete vessels a large part Of
the materials used can be obtained in
almost any part of the United States.
"The steel used for the reinforcing
is Of different character in so far as
its shape is concerned from that used
in steel ships. At present, with the
decreased amount of building of all
kinds throughout the country, re-en-
forcing steel for concrete can be Sc
cured in abundance and will not inter-
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1918-06-07
MUCH IN LITTLE

In flight the kangaroo is easy prey;
knowing dog catches him by the tall,
Overturns him with a cunning wrench
and takes his throat from a safe angle
before he can recover.
The popularity of the easily acces-
sible wrist watch was doubtless what
inspired the production by Partisan
jewelry designers of a ring watch. 1t
consists of a tiny timepiece mounted
on finger ring, and, if desired, en-
bellished with precious stones.
Revised estimates place the amount
Of standing merchantable timber in
the United States at approximately
2,767, ,OOO,00O,00O board feet. OF this
amount ,464, ,OO0,OOOO00, board feet, or
63 per cent of the total, is in Califor-
MIA, Washington, Oregon, Idaho and
Montana.
The first woman to enlist in the
navy as an electrician has Joined the
colors. She is Miss Abby Putnam
Morrison, of Chicago, and she is now
an electrician, first-class. She Is
member of the wireless class for wom-
en-, of which Mrs. Herbert Sumner
Owen is the founder and director.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1918-06-07

/ into seven sections; for the largest
that of concrete design, II engineers
/ were engaged. Two men were called
to the organization from the bureau
of construction and repair Of the navy
! department, and there We're represents
atives from Lloyds registry and the
American bureau of shipping. The
/ hull section was made up of naval
architects whose duty it was to ana
lyze the stability, bending moments,
and shear of the ships hulls, both
those designed in the office and those
submitted for approval. -Four Sec
tons were concerned with the struc-
tural qualities Of the ship.
Not Regarded as Experiment.
Rudolph j. Wig Of the government
bureau of standards, who has had
charge Of the governments investiga-
tlon of concrete ships since the be-
ginning Of the war; is in direct super
vision Of this department as chief
engineer.
I'VE here in this department" said
Mr.. Wig in Washington the other day,
"do not think the concrete ship may
be classed as an experimental ship
any longer. We think that the re-en-
forced concrete ship is structurally
just as sound as the steel ship, and
that the conclusions based on our in
vestigations will be borne out when
observations may be taken from con-
crete ships actually under service.
"The one thing we know the least
about is as to durability. The life of
the concrete ship may not be more
than three years, but even if it be
that short we Of this department be-
lieve, on account of our great need of
ships, that the construction of con-
crete ships should be begun on
large scale as soon as possible. We,
here, are ready to go ahead at any
time.
Damage by the salt water Of the
sea? We know that this need not be
feared for three years, If at all. This
conclusion is based on examination
of all the concrete structures in sea
water of the navy department for
period of three years. / helped to
make this inspection. We know, too,
that one concrete ship has been in
operation in sea water for one year.
That is the Namsenfjord Of Norway.
Tests show that the sea water has had
no damaging effect on the hull. 1t Is
true it is a small ship, 600 tons, while
the Faith, the concrete ship recently
launched by the San Francisco Ship
building company and now being out
fitted for a trial trip, has a 5,OOC-ton
cargo capacity.
"Another concrete vessel much
smaller than the Namsenfjord has been
tested in salt water considerably lon
ger, This is q little steamer built in
Boston three or four years ago. 1t
is only 43 feet long. The hull is of
cement mortar and after contact with
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1918-06-07
Foreign

Aviators De Vienne and LorgnaI
flew from Paris to London and back in
n hydroairplane Monday in three
hours and ten minutes, carrying mail
The aviators will make daily trips.
Discussing the problems of demobil-
iZatiOn after war, the minister of la.
Dor, George II. Roberts, sQid in
speech at Smethwick, England, that
100000 discharged soldiers Lad been
provided for already.
DR.. Johannes Kacmpf, president Of
the reichstag, is dead in Berlin. Doctor
Kaempf had been president of the
reichstag since 1912. He belonged to
the progressive peoples party. He was
seventy-siX years old.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1918-06-07
essAtsNtsA. A.4aAs.A s4t.NtsA.,@ssNt
Important
News Events
of the World
Summarized
European War News
ts&t;stt 8t;e SO q s;:s' {. {; s;te t;8:tess

Although peace negotiations be
tween Russia and Ulrainla now have
begun at Kiev the Germans have br0k-
en- the armistice on theVoronezh front,
occupying the town of Valulki after
four days of fighting, and making a
farther advance, says dispatch from
Moscow.
1t was announced at Rome that Ital-
ian troops broke into the Austro-Ger-
man defenses at Capo Sile, on the low
er Piave trent to a. depth of $50
yards. The Italians captured 43S
prisoners.
The Germans have seized the Dutch
steamship Jantje and sailing vessels
Maria, Jacoba and Gerzlne, says dis
patch from Amsterdam. This is in
pursuance Of their policy of not per-
mitting Dutch vessels to sail without
safe conducts.
Major Barascoa, the leading Italian
ace, has brought down his thirty sec
Ond adversary, according to Il dis
patch from the Italian front to the
Paris Temps. He shot down the lie d
ing airplane of an enemy squadron.
An important victory for the Italians
on the northern front, northwest of
Trent, was reported by the Rome war
office. The Italians stormed the sum-
NIT of Monte ZiEolon and also won the
village Of PreZna, Monticello pass and
the spur to the east of the pass. Eight
hundred and fifty-seven Teuton pris.
Oners were taken.
The attempts by the Germans to dis
nrm the Polish troops in the Ukraine
and Minsk governments are meeting
with fierce resistance, says a dispatch
from Moscow. The second Polish
corps under General Makovitsky, sta
toned near Kaneff, in the government
Of K1e7, dehed the German ultimatum
to a. arm.
Thirteen German sailors have been
sentenced TO death by German court
martial for attempted treason in con-
nection with recent British raids
against submarine bases at Ostend and
Iee5rugge.
The Cork steamer Inniscarra, bound
from Fishguard to Cork, has been tor
pedoed and sunk. Thirty-seven men,
bers of the crew are missing and are
supposed to have been lost. Five sur
vivOrs Of the disaster have been land
ed.
The British linei Moldavia, torpe-
1oed in the English channel, was car
rying American troops. All the crew
and marines are believed to be saved,
but SO American soldiers are missing
and it is feared lost their lives in the !
explosion. British destrOyers rescued |
444 American soldiers and the crew.
Fishermen who have arrived at Esb-
jerg, say that a Zeppelin has been
brought down in the North sea. The
crew of the German airship was res
cued by a British destroyer.