The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-04-11
History Of Architecture
Continued from page one.)

III AOOO AuctiCdu dICuitSCtuIe SutSiSo tAe
greatest setback that it has ever experienced
in its history. During the past few years,
however, the government has erected a
large number of post-offices. Every one a
monument. Public Libraries, churches,
memorials, and in fact, buildings of every
description have been erected during the
past decade. While each one has been de-
signed to fit climate conditions, and mod
ern heating and lighting methods, they
usually have some trace of the Greek or
Roman art. True architects of modern
times have produced some strikingly original
details, but they are really more or less the
outgrowth of the Greek and Roman orders.
A new bank building at Winona, design
ed by Chicago firm, has been described
by The Architectural Record as being a
most original American design, still, it has
trace of Greek in its lines.
You have heard of early Christian archi-
teture, Byzantine, Gothic, Renaissance.
Classic and Oriental, each of which origi-
mated in different countries in times of
peace and when prosperity was at its height.
| When the Christian religion was establish
ed. architecture took on a somewhat diff
ferent form, at first it was wholly sepulchral
but was later displayed in churches and
baptisteries. The chief feature of Byzan-
tine architecture is the peculiar use of the
arch, vault, and dome. 1t is, believe, the
outgrowth of Christian and Gothic archi-
lecture, or perhaps the outgrowth of Ro-
manesque, which is mostly found in France,
England, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain
and Italy. We have but few of this type
in America, the Parliamentary buildings of
Canada, which we're recently destroyed by
fire was said to have been the best example
of Gothic in North America.
Renaissance may be found in all the
countries where the Gothic art is established.
1t resembles Gothic somewhat, although of
later period and is much more artistic. Its
period of development was spread from the
18th or 18th century until some time in the
18th century.
Oriental architecture is found in India,
China and Japan, it is a most original style
but hardly fitted for our social conditions.
Let US for a moment consider house plan
ming or designing, if you please. In Eng
land, where we will consider that the colo
nists came from, we find that they who
were well-to-do usually had large number
of servants and their houses were not as
completely designed as our own are today.
The controlling factors of house architecture
are social custom, heating and lighting,
climate, materials, and domestic service.
That there is vast difference between these
conditions in England and America cannot
be denied. When this highly civilized peo-
pie came to this country they had to build
accordingly, although clinging to old tastes
here and there when possible. The Eng
lish do not have the closets, baths, pantries,
and other handy hooks that we do. They
employ one or two more servants.
We might divide house planning into
three parts; hrst,-the modest bungalow or
cottage; second, cottage of the school
teacher or bank clerk; third the manor
house or country seat. In the bungalow
we give first consideration to the material
comfort and the saving of footsteps for those
who do their own house work and careful
economy of space combined with openness
are essential. The cottage of the school
teacher or bank clerk receives more elabo-
raton-where in bungalow or small cot
tage we find the living room, dining room,
and stair hall often combined in one spacious
apartment, we now have separate stair
hall with more spacious and stately stairs,
bay windows and porches being put in to
give greater beauty to the exterior; sun
room, library, music room, and a den is
sometimes added. The servants have their
own quarters with porch or piazza. In
fact this class of building possesses all the
comforts that can be desired and is long
step toward the stateliness of the manor
house. The same way with his $3.50 Aiv-
SSAs L hS OVhSA SSNS r. oSAASohv shS SoihC
service as his more wealthy neighbor dees
from his 81, 900 limousine. When it comes
to designing the stately manor house for a
wealthy client, the architect is most delight
ed. Quite apart from the good profit he
stands to make, he may spread his-imagi.
na,ion.to his greatest pleasure, to obtain
stateliness of effect. Although the neces.
sary principles of his plans are the same in
the large as we'll as the smaller house, the
rooms may be made larger and more of
them, with beautiful vistas opened through
them. With the humorous servants of the
client in mind, the architect need not pay
so much attention to the coziness but rather
exercise his skill to obtain stateliness.
Landscape setting being one of the impor.
tant factors.
The greatest difficulty the designer may
experience will very likely be to combine
stateliness with the homely, for after all the
wealthy man-wants the place in which he
lives to be livable and not place that look:
like an Office building.
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