davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11
DEFlgITloN OF ROAD TERMS
Llst Of Technical Names Taken From
the Program Of the Canadian
Good Roads Congress.

With the progress Of road building
there has come into use number of
terms more or less technical, but
which should be well known. The fol-
lowing list is from the program of the
Canadian Good Roads congress:
Aggregate-The mineral material,
such as sand, gravel, shells. Stag, or
broken stone, or combinations thereof,
with which the cement or the bitumin-
Gus material is mixed to form NOR.
tar or concrete. Fine aggregate may
be considered as the mineral inert ma
terial which will pass one-fourth-
inch screen, and coarse aggregate the
material which will not pass one
fourth-inch screen.
Binder-W A foreign or fine mate
rial introduced into the mineral por
ton of the wearing surface for the
purpose OF assisting the road material
to retain its integrity under stress, as
well as, perhaps. to aid In its first
construction. (2) The course, in a
sheet asphalt pavement, frequently
used between the concrete foundation
and the sheet asphalt mixture of
graded sand and asphalt cement.
Bond.-The combined action of in
ertia, friction, and of the forces OF
adhesion and cohesion which helps the
separate particles composing crust
or pavement to resist separation under
stress. Mechanical bond is the bond
produced almost wholly in well-bsilt
broken-stone macadam road, by the
interlocking Of angular fragments of
stone and the subsequent filling of the
remaining interstices with the finer
particles.
Water-B er-Bound.-Bonded with the aid
OF water.
Cement.-An adhesive substance
used for uniting particles of other ma
terials to each other. Ordinarily ap-
piled only to ealcined cement rock"
or to artiflciaily prepared calcined
and ground mixtures of limestone and
siIicious materials. Sometimes used to
designate bituminous binder used In
bituminous pavements, when the ex-
precision 'bituminous cement" "a. W
Is understood to be meant.
Cement Concrete.-An intimate mix
ture Of gravel. shell. Stag or broken
stone particles with certain proper
tions Of sand or similar material, ce-
ment and water, made previous to
placing.
Course.-One or more layers Of road
material spread and compacted sepa-
rately for the formation Of the road or
pavement. Courses are usually. re-
ferred to in the order of their laying.
as hrst course. second course, third
course. etc. Also q single row OF
blocks In a pavement.
Crown.The rise La cross-section
from the lowest to the highest part Of
the finished roadway. 1t may be ex-
pressed either as 20 many inches (or
tenths Of foot). or as rate per fcsst
Of Distance from side to center. that
Il. 'ths crown Is four .nches." or ''the
crown Il oue-half inch to the foot"
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11
Side View Of Road.Maklng Machine.

roads are difficult to make, the gem
eral object being the provision of a
machine movable along a selected
roadway site. capable of the formation
OF wheel tracks in the course of Its
movement. A further object is to pro-
vide machine capable Of ready nd
justment and interchange Of parts for
other purposes; for instance, 1t can be
transformed into a freight car In a
very short time. For the grading Of
roads the machine Is self-loading and
self-adjusting, automatically throwing
che high side to the low side, whether
Mt left or right.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11
LOADING PLANT WRECKED.
Tragedy Occurs In Factory at Morgan,
New Jersey.

Perth Amboy, N. MANY men were
killed and scores of others injured in
tremendous explosion at the plant Of
the T. A. Gillespie Shell Loading Co.
at Morgan, near here. The explosion.
which shook the countryside for miles
around and caused citizens Of South
Amboy to flee from their homes, was
followed. by a series OF less severe ex.
plosions and by fire which for hours
defied the efforts of fire departments
summoned from nearby cities and
towns. Estimates placed the numpe
of killed and hurt at from so to 100.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11
AIrmen Fly From Dayton Ohio q
Washington, 43O Miles.

Washington.--A nonstop flight from
Dayton, o., to Washington. approx,
mateiy 430 miles, in deHaviland =.
equipped with q Liberty motor. is the
record made by q civilian pilot Of the
bureau Of aircraft production. Tho
time Of actual flight from point over
Dayton to . point over the national
capitol was two hours and so minuts.
or at rate OF about 143 miles an hour
Il requires the fastest train on the
Pennsylvania railroad about 6h hours
70 make the same trip.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11
UNITED sTArEs STEAMER SUNK
Accident About $50 Miles Southeast Of
Nova Scotia Coast.

Nova Scotia Coast.
Washington.-The American steam
er Herman Frasch, a small cargo car
rier, manned by a navy crew and in
the overseas supply service, has been
sunk in collision at sea, with loss OF
probably so of her crew.
The vessel collided at night with
the American tank steamship George
G. Henry. about 100 miles southeast Ct
the Nova scotian coast, and went
down in seven minutes. She carried
a crew of about 13 officers and 76 men,
and the survivors are only Al.
The Henry, with hole stove IN
her bow above the water line. picked
mp the survivors and stood by all
night hunting for Others. When day
light came she abandoned the search
and resumer her voyage.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11
EXPECT INSTANT REJECTION
Washington Doubts Sincerity Of Ger
man Peace Proposal.

warrington Oouute StnCefiCy OF 0oF7
man Peace Proposal.
= Washington.--The American govern.
ment will take no action or make no
official comment until it knows official.
liy Of the reported Austrian proffsr OF
an armistice with the peace negotia-
tions on President Wilson's basic prin-
eiple.
There was a tendency here to cast
doubt on the sincerity Of the Austrian
and German peace nsages.
II message has been forwarded to
President Wilson, as reported, it will
be answered.
Authorities, however, say that VIII
sons principles are so clear that there
Is no occasion for bargaining or hag-
Cling over them. The State Depart
ment takes the position that acts speak
louder than words. Hence, If Austria
and Germany wish peace they must
make certain initial physical moves to
prove their sincerity. They include re-
moval of troops from Russia, Belgium
and France-things not yet accom-
plished.
Authorities here have said that any
German suggestion for such suspen-
sion would have to carry with 1t an Of
Ter for the complete withdrawal Of
Teuton armies from allied soil. Inas-
much as Max's reported offer contains
no such terms there will be no dispo-
Bition here to listen to his offer.
In other words, authorities here hold
That this proffer is insincere and unac-
.ceptable.
Instant rejection by the United
States will be the fate of the latest
peace proposals from the central pow
srs,
President Wilson will handle the sit
nation. and handle 1t in hurry. He is
expected to act as soon as the State
Department receives officially the rext
Of the notes from Berlin and Vienna.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11
MACHINE FOR MAKING ROADS
Apparatus Invented by Nebraska Man
for Forming Roadways With Ma
terlal Directly at Hand.

The Scientific American in illustrat-
Ing and describing road-malSing ma
chane, the invention of M. N. Latta
Of Valentine, Neb., says:
'This invention relates generally to
road-making apparatus, and more par
ticularly to roadway machines for
forming roadways with the material
directly at hand, where good horse
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11
LOSS TWENTY MILLIONS.
Scenes Of Desoiatlon Feature Vicinity
OF Awful Accident.


Perth Amboy, N. 1.-THE president
OF the Gillespie Loading Company esti'
mates the property loss from the explo.
sion and fire at $12, 100000. This is ex'
elusive of $S.0O0.O0O worth Of explo,
sives which belonged to the govern
ment.
Between 800 and 400 employees who
were in the plant at the time Of the
first explosion are unaccounted for.
Most Of them are Of foreign birth
and may have gone to their homea
without reporting. The territory sur
rounding the plant is under heavy mill
tary guard. United States troops are
patrolling as close to the blazing build
ings as they dare approach.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11
American Freighter Sends Hun Sub
!. marine to the Bottom.

Z mNFIHS 10 tuc UuttoU.
New York.-The German submarine
which torpedoed and sank the French
cruiser Dupetit Thours In European
waters Aug. 7. was in turn destroyed
by gun fire from an American freight
steamship. one of = convoy OF "a
steamers which the French warshiu
was helping to escort through the dan,
ger zone. 1t was learned here. Ths
,freighter which sank the submarine
|is owned in Boston and report Of the
incident has just been received ~ rep
'rsssntatives q the line hare.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11

British Raiders Score Il Direct Hits.
London Eleven direct hits were
scored by British bombing planes in
successful raid on Metx-Sablon, the war
office announced. All OF the raiding
machines returned safely.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11
1000 suLcARs SURRENDER.
Italian Columns Reach the Rivers ka.
vaya and Poloivan.

Italian Columns Reach the Rivers IA.
vaya and PoIoivan.
Rome.-Italian columns pursuing re.
treating Austro-Hungarians in Albania
passed beyond the Lyushna river and
reached the rivers Kavaya and Poloi,
van. The Italians are continuing their,
advance toward Elbasan, 80 miles
northeast of Berat, according to an Of,
iicial statement issued by the war Of
flee.
More than 1000 Bulgarian troops
facing the Italian positions on the Mo-
nastir-Kichevo road surrendered. Con-
siderable booty was captured by the
italians.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11
RETAIL SHOE PRICES FIXED.
$12 Is the Maximum Price and Mini
mum Price Fixed At So.

mum Price Fixed At So.
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. and mini
mum retail prices for shoes as agreed
to by the industry and ranging from
So to $12 for men and women were
announced by the war industries
board. Shoes we're grouped in three
classes. as follows: Glass A, from 50
to $12; class B, $6 to $3.50; Glass C
SO to $3.50. Proportionate prices will
be fixed for youths and children's
footwear. The eating Of shoe prices
under this new schedule begins Octo-
ber Is. and time is allowed retailers
to dispose of present stocks.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11
oermany's pefenses Between Cambria
and st. Quentin CrumbIino.

London. Extremely heavy fighting
was in progress along the Cambrai-St.
Quentin sector. according to Field
Marshal Haig's report. Notwithstand
ing increased German resistance, the
British have gained important terri
tory along the greater part Of the line.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11

Germany's defenses between Cam
brai and st. Quentin are crumbling un
der the determined blows of Marshal
Foch. and the time Of the expected
German withdrawal from France and
Belgium apparently is drawing appre
ciably nearer.
Greene County herald. (Leakesville, Miss.) 1898-current, 1918-10-11
ST. QUENTIN is IN FLAMES.

Quentin Canal.
With French Army Near st. Quen-
tin Entire sections Of St. Quentin
are In flames and explosions are heard
in the city continually. Fighting con
tinues north OF the town where the
French have made great progress. The
French have gained the tunnel Of tho
St Quentin canal At Tronquoy and
continue to advance eastward. Tue
city han of st. Quentin appears to b
intact. Ut \ + believed to b mined
Arizona republican., 1918-09-12

Each of these crops has a value far be- yond what is apparent on the face of the returns. From the cotton seed Is made a table oil that is substituted for olive oil and a cooking fat that is sub stituted largely for lard. Also. there is the cottonseed cake, prized highly as a cattle and pig food. thousands Of tons of which are exported to cattle growing countries. It is said, also, that cottonseed meal is being used exten- sively as a mixture with beef in the manufacture of hot dogs, and that gin Sersnaps are being made of cOttonseed flour.
 But corn also has a by-product com- modity that scores into millions of dol lars for tho side-line values. This re- fers not alone tO the foods prepared from the grain but mainly to the va,ue of the corn leaves or blades as a hay crop. Corn fodder is the main fare for cattle during the winter months wher- ever corn is grown. This fodder has as great value for horses and cattle as timothy hay. Beef, milk, cream. butter and cheese are, to an extent not con- monly known by city consumers, but transmutations of corn fodder It is a debatable question as to whether corn or cotton is king
Arizona republican., 1918-09-12
JUDGE W. H. DIAL IS
 PLEASED AT RESULT

Judge W. IT. Dial, who took an ac- tive part in the Golfer campaign yes terday, evidences much satisfaction over the result of the primaries.
 Judge Dial is recent conner to Ari- Eons, h<ving lived in San Francisco for the last six years The elation of the judge over the recent primary election is not SO much occasionod by Senator Colter's personal vindication at tho hands of his party, but from inc fact that senator Colter has stood and now stands for the progressive ideas that the judge says he has worked for for the last 25 years.
 The judge was reared in Texas and the fruition of his hopes and endeavors were obtained after a strenuous cam paign he made in that state two years ago for prohibition and womans suf- fragc Leaving Texas on the goth of July two years ago the judge states he returned tO California and immediate " went to the northern part of the state and campaigncd for Woodrow Wilson and democracy. and his efforts met with success there. During his recent campaign Judge Dial wrote the larger part of the literature that was Font out from the COlter for Governor dub. and particularly that which ap- pcared in the special pages of the $. W. Stockman- Farmer, which were ob- tsincd by the club for Senator Golfers campaign
 Judge Dial has a pleasing personal appearance and his genial mannerism md freedom from vituperation and 77rsh expressions make him a writer of much worth in a political campaign. His speeches last week in Maricopa county were much appreciated by the large audiences that greeted him. and v is thought that much proselyting 10 the Golfer candidacy was a result.
Arizona republican., 1918-09-12
"The Martial Adventures of
 Henry And Me"

the stricken cities of Northern Italy checked with refugees fleeing the Ger man invasion, Today, the American flag floats from hundred flag poles in Italian cities, from Venice 10 Naples. Under that flag the American Red Cross has soup kitchens, food stations. aid bureaus for civilian relief all along the line of the invader in Italy, and the Red Cross uniform which made the soldiers eyes bulge out there at the border in the early autumn, now is familiar and welcome in Italy. But WIG three unsoldierly looking civilians took that uniform into a strange country.
 Italian Civilians
 Our first evening in Italy was spent in Genoa. And coming direct from Paris. where men out of uniform were few, the thing that opened our mouths in wonder was the number of men we saw. There were worlds and worlds of men in Genoa; men in civilian clothes. The streets were black with men. Straw hats, two piece suits, gay neckties-things which were as re- mote from France as from Mars, fig ures that recalled the ancient days of ones youth. before the war; days in New York, for instance, where men in
Arizona republican., 1918-09-12

could see gay colours upon women in tho men, and in the stores anG shops the war did not fill every window as it filled the shop windows of Paris. Rome was taking the war seriously. of course, but the war was not the trag- edy to Rome before the invasion that it was to France
 Yet there was to me a change in Rome-from the Rome one knew who had been there eight years heiore- change stranged and deeper than the change one felt in coming from Rome to Paris. This new Rome was a cleaner Rome. more prosperous Rome, happier Rome. Something had been happening to the people. They wore better clothes, they seemed to live in cleaner tenemen.s: they cer. tainly had a different squint at life from the Romans of the first decade of this century. One heard two an swers to the question t;llt arose in ones heart. One group said, Tt is prosperity. Italy never has seen such prosperity as she has seen during the past ten years There has hccn work for everyone, and work at good wages. So you see the working peopla wei! clad, well housed, clean and content ed Another answered the question thus: "The Socialists 1aVe done it. We have had plenty of work in other years; but We have worked for small wages, and have lived in sqGalor. We sill work as we always have worked
 but we get better pay. and We get our better pay in many ways; first in rcla lively higher wages, next in safcgual ds thrown around labor, and restrictions on the predatory activities of capital
 The Socialists in government have | forced many reforms in housing. in la hour conditions, in the distribution O! the profits of labor and capital, and we are living in hope of better things
 rather than in fear of worse. Ono may take his choice of answers prob ably the truth lies between the two
Arizona republican., 1918-09-12

were rather useless in publishing the Wichita Beacon or the Emporia Ga zette: as, for instance, how to wear gas mask, how to fire trench mortar. how to look through a trench peri scope, and how to duck when a shell comes in. Also we had stood god ia ther to a serial love affair that began on the boat coming over and was for ever being continued in our next" And 1t was all-riding along the line, huddling in abris. sneaking scared to death along trenches, and ducking from the shells-all vastly diverting We had grown fat on it: not that We needed just that expression of felicity, having four hundred pounds between us. But it was almost finished and we were sadly tourning our faces west ward to our normal and reasonably honest lives at home, when Medil Mccormick came to Paris and tempted us to go to Italy. It was great temptations beyond the Alps lies Italy" as copy book sentence has lure in it, and as a possible journey 10 a new phase of the war, it caught us, and we started.
 In View of Italy
 Sc we three stood on the platform, at the station at Modane, in Savoy, q few hundred yards from the Italian border, one fair autumn day, and our heavy clothes--two Red Cross uni forms and a pea-green hunting suit, made us sweat copiously and unbe- comingly. The two Red Cross unl- forms belong to Henry and me; the pea green hunting outfit belonged to f,ff s.I-
 large from Illinois. l.. s. A. He was going into Italy to study the situation As a congressman he felt that he should be really informed about the war as it was the most vital subject upon which he should have to vote. So there We stood, two Kansas editors, and an Illinois congressman, while the uniforms ourselves. after fashion, but looking conspicuously civilian, and incorrigibly middle western. Medill in his pea-green hunting outfit looked more soldierly than we. For although We wore San Browne belts. to indi- cate that we were commissioned off cers-commissioned as Red Cross col onels-and although we wore Partisan uniforms of correct cut. we knew in our hearts that they bumped in the back and floppcd In the front, and sagged at the shoulders
 Fat Men and Heroes
 A fat man cant wear the modern American army uniform without look ing like a sack of meal. Henry fell to calling the tunics our Mother Hub bards. We looked long and enviously at the slim waistcd boys in khaki but we never could get their god like ef- fleets. For alas, the American uniform is high -wasted. and a fat man never was designed for a Kate Greenaway, So we paced the platform at Modane trying to look unconcerned while the soldiers of France. Italy, Russia, Bel gium. England and Rumana walked | by us clearly wondering what form of military freaks we were. For the Amer | ican Red Cross uniform was not sa l familiar in those attitudes as it was to be a month later, when Major Mur- ! phy came swinging. through Modane with forty eight carloads of Red Cros. supplies. a young army of Red Cross nurses and workers. and half million ! dollars in ready cash to spend upor
Arizona republican., 1918-09-12
SERVICE CROSSES
 AWARDED 22 MEN
Republican A. P. Leased Wire1

WASHINGTON, Sept. 10.-Distin- guished service crosses have been awarded by General Pershing to % additional men of the army for acts of heroism and Sallantry while fight ing in France. The citations were re- ccived today at the war department as a section of the official communique for Tuesday. Some of the men decor ated and their addresses are: Charles l.. Barrow. Austin, Texas. Tracy J. Stains. 513 North Estrelia Street. Fl Paso, Texas. Sergeant Gerald P. Lan- dry, no record of address. Private William Jacobson. infantry. no record of address.
Arizona republican., 1918-09-12
FAIR PRICE LISTS
 MUST BE OBSERVED

Information has come to the Food Administration that there has been a slight deviation in an instance or two from the prices issued by the Fair Price board. The Food Administration wisehs it expressly understood that tho prices issued by the Fair Price board must be adhered to. Any variance will be a violation of their laws.
 The Food Administration requests both the merchants and the consumers to watch for these fair price lists which will be published weekly and govern themselves accordingly Prices charged in excess of the Fair Price Board list of prices should be reported to the Food Administration immediately.
Arizona republican., 1918-09-12

straw hats and white crash were com mon. These things we saw with amaze ment in Genoa. And thea our eyes caught the flashy bands on their arms bands that indicated that these men are in the industrial reserves, not drafted because they are doing indus trial war work. But for all of these industrial reservists there was an oVerplus of men in Genoa. It is a sea- port and there were the market girls and fishermen, the shepherds and the sailors. too crowd gathered from the worlds ends. and we sat under the deep arches before a gay cafe, listened to New York musical hits from lhe summers roof gardens, and watched the show. In that day-only three weeks before the German invasion the war was long way from Genoa. At the next table to us an American seafaring man was telling the English naval officer about the adventures of three sailing ships which had bested two submarines three days before in the Mediterranean: some Moroccan sailors were flirting across two tables with some pretty Piedmontcse girls, and inside the cafe. the harp, the ftue and the violin were doing what they could to make all our hearts beat young, A picture show across tho street sprayed it's gay crowd over the sidewalks and a vaudeville house dow n stairs gathered up rivulets of human- ity from the spray. Somewhere near by was a dance. for we heard the rhythmic swishand lisp of young feet and the gay cry of the music Here and there came a soldier; sometimes we saw a woman in mourning; but uniforms and mourners were uncom- mon. The war was tale that is told.
 The War Obtrudes Again
 But the next day in Rome tne war moved into our vision again. But even if Rome was more visibly ma: ,:al than Genoa. still it was not Paris. One
Arizona republican., 1918-09-12
CORN AND COTTON
 IN RACE FOR GROWN
Qndianapolis NewsD

Way back before the civil war the contest for first place in the farm in- dustries of the United States between cotton and corn began. There have been years when corn looked an easy winner, but when king cotton convinced the United states and the rest of the world concerning the immense food value of The cotton seed there was a move up n thc cotton score, and, nOtwithstand- ng tho higncss of the corn yield this voar it is by no means certain that the 1917 corn crop represents a greater all around value than the 1917 cotton yield