Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1918-10-14
The 23 Peace. Points
Set Forth BY Wilson

assured a secure sovereignty. but the
, other nationalities which are now un-
der Turkish rule should be assured an
undoubted security. of life and an
absolutely unmolested opportunity Of
autonomous development and the
Dardanelles should be permanently
opened as a free passage to the ships
and commerce of all nations under in
ternational guarantees.
XIII-An Independent Polish State
should be erected which should in
clude the territories inhabited by in
disputably Polish populations, which
should be assured a free and secure
access to the sea, and whose political
and economic independence and ter
ritorial integrity should be guaran-
teed by international covenant.
XIV.-A general association of ma.
tions must be formed under specific
covenants for. the purpose of afford
ing mutual guarantee of political in
dependence and territorial integrity
to great and small states alike.
| The "FOur Points" of Feb. IL
These are the four points cited by
the President in his address of Feb.
IL, 1918:
First-That each part of the final
settlement must be based upon the
essential justice of that particular
case and upon such adjustments as
are most likely to bring peace that
Will be permanent.
Second-That peoples and provinces
are not to be bartered about from
! sovereignty to sovereignty as IL they
were mere chattels and pawns in a
/ game, even the great game now for
ever discredited, of the balance of
power; but that,
! Third-Every territorial settlement
involved in this war must be made in
the interest and for the benefit of the
populations concerned and not as a
part of any more adjustment or COM
promise of claims among rival states
and
Fourth-That all well-defned ma
tional aspirations shall be accorded
the utmost satisfaction that can be
accorded them without introducing
! new or perpetuating old elements of
discord and antagonism that would
/ be likely in time to break the peace
of Europe, and consequently of the
world.
His September Declaration
In his speech of Sept. 81, at the
Metropolitan Operahouse. in this city,
the President set forth these prin-
ciples as representing" this govern
ment's Interpretation of its own duty
with regard to peace:
First-The impartial justice meted
out must involve no discrimination
between those to whom we wish to be
just and those to whom we do not
wish to be just. 1t must be a justice
that plays no favorites and knows no
standard but the equal rights of the
several peoples concerned;
Second-No special or separate in
terest of any single nation or any
group of nations can be made the
basis of any part of the settlement
which is not consistent with the COM
mon interest of all;
Third-There can be no leagues or
alliance or special covenants and
understandings within the general
and common family by the League of
Nations;
Fourth, and more specifically
There can be no special, selfish eco
nomic combinations within the league
and no employment of any form of
economic boycott or exclusion except
| as the power of economic penalty by
exclusion from the markets of the
world may be vested in the League of
Nations itself as a means of disci-
pline and control;
Fifth-All international agreements
and treaties of every kind must be
made known in their entirety to the
rest of the world.