davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
NEW PHASES OF
 THE NEGRO PROBLEM

Washington, December 19.-(SpeciaL) Many members of Congress are seriously reflecting on certain indications that fol. lowing the return of troops from France, the negro question will be presented anew and in greatly aggravated form. The lynching of a negro soldier in Kentucky who after an attack declared his uni form made him immune from arrest, the shooting of an Anniston motorman by a negro soldier the shooting of negro soldier in Washington by soldier-po- liceman, are some of the present forms the problem takes.
 Other features are regarded, however, as even more serious In Washington at present is A. Clayton Powell, vice presi dent of the National Equal Rights asso-
 citation, who declares a conference is now under way to elect lobbyists from his race to the Versailles conference who shall be charged with presenting to the conference the ''treatme of the negro in the south" The negroes are repre- scented at present in France by E. R. Du- bois, editor of the Crisis, and R. R. Mo- ton, head of the Tusl1egee institute. While Dubois literature is inflammatory, Moton is regarded as a worthy suc- cessor to Booker Washington It is prob able, as a result, that he will confine his contention to a plea that German African colonies be restored to negroes desiring self-governnent and the right of elf-determna ton.
 The attitude of the negro politician was shown in Washington when the race celebrated the anniversary of the birth of William Lloyd Garrison by the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
HEARINGS ENDED ON
 WIRELESS STATIONS
Decision Held Up Until After the Congressional
 Christmas Recess o

Washin gton. December 19-Hearings on the administration bill providing for government ownership of all wire less stations were completed today by the House merchant marine commit tee. Decision as to action to be taken on the measure was deferred by the committee until after the congress slonal Christmas recess
 Witnesses today opposed the bill with the exception of Frederick Phe- Ian of Montclair, N. J.. student of electrophysics, who said government ownership would stimulate invention. and would assure fairer dealing for inventors. Representatives of privat te companies, manufacturers of wireless equipment and the Radio Club of America testified against the bill.
 Paul F. Cooley of Montclair, ra- dio engineer, appearing for the Radio Club of America, said his organiza- ton recommended, if it was decided to pass the bill, that amateur opera tors be licensed for both sending and receiving stations and that no geo graphical limitation be placed on tie location of their stations, except that none should be within a five-miles zone of naval stations.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
Several Women Are
 Injured When Auto
 and Street Car Collide
Mrs. J. B. Lassiter and Mrs. E. M. Bullard Were Injured, the Latter
 Being Taken to Infirmary

Mrs J. B. Lassiter, residing on Clifr road, was painfully in- jured, and Mrs E. M. Bullard,
 one of the occupants of Mrs. Lassister's automobile. was slightly injured when | a South Ensley street car collided with
 the car driven by Mrs. Lassister at Miller's station on the Ensley car line late yesterday afternoon A party, composed of Mrs. Lassiter. Mrs. Bull lard, Mrs. E. NJ. Sims and Mrs. Las sisters .3-year-old daughter, were en route from Ensiey to Birmingham when
 the accident happened. Fortunately,
 Mrs Sims and the little girl escaped uninJured.
 It is reported that Mrs. Lassiter had started across the car line when struck by the street car. Mrs. Lassister was rushed to the South Highland infirm- lary, where it is stated that her con dition is not serious. The automobile
 in which they were riding was com pletely demolished.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
Little Stories Of the
 DayFron1 Washington
Geophone Can Detect Entombed Mners-Suffragettes Draw Only Smile By Recent Bonfire-New
 Phases of Negro Problem
By HIGH ". ROBERTS

Washington, December 19.-(SpeciaL) Van II. Manning, director of the bureau of mines, announces in his annual re- port a great invention for purposes of war which will be the means of saving many lives in mining districts, such as the Birmingham, in times of peace.
 MT. Manning explains that his bureau, at the request of the war department, evolved an instrument known as the geophone which instantly detected the direction and distance of enemy mining work in tunneling and the location of enemy artillery no matter where placed Since peace has been restored the geo. phone will be used in detecting the To- cation of men entombed in mines as a result of explosions and other acci- dents.,
 MT. Manning states that all an en- tombed miner will have to do will be to retain sufficient presence of mind to make the slightest noise. Rescuers, equipped with geophones, will then be enabled to begin rescue work with cer- tain knowledge that their efforts will not be misdrected.
 With these devices, the bureau will i'm mediately begin equipping it's rescue cars,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
SUFFRAGETTES DRAW
 ONLY SMILES FROM CROWD

Washington, December 19.-(Special.) ) The suffragettes in their ceremonials are no more moiested by policemen or mobs. They are laughed at. When they burned the Presidents speeches under the La Fayette monument, none of them were
 arrested. The new treatment proved eff ficacious as it was evident that they did
 not get as much fun-and publicity-as on other similar occasions.
 The, suffragettes had entered protest to the, Presidents oft-repeated state ments concerning "self-determination,
 and world democracy" which they de- clared to be in conflict with the action of his party in denying American women
 the ballot. So they advertised that they would burn these statements in public. They selected the Lafayette monument because it was beneath the tomb of the famous Frenchman who loved democ- racy, that General Pershing announced the arrival in France of American troops and to the same tomb that President Wilson made a pilgrimage. Each of 50 women, with scornful language criticiz- ing the particular Wilson utterance she held in her hand, gave that utterance |, to the flames of torch which she bore in the manner of the vestal virgins. The policemen stood around watching
 and smiling A large crowd which had gathered to see the fun laughed and jeered as the suffragettes proceeded with their unique and apparently disrespect- ful ceremonials. The women, it soon
 became obvious, were not having as good
 time as they had anticipated, and the programme, to it's last feature, was not completed. They awarded service medals to those who had served jail sentences
 and disbanded.
 The Senate is still against the Anthony
 amendment by majority of one-a very
 narrow margin, but broad enough to
 throw the amendment back into the House unless conditions are changed. The two neW senators, Pollack of South Car
 olina, pro, and Gay of Louisiana, an anti, offset the strength of each other,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
Recital of Great Fight
 Made by Marines Given

Washington, December 1s.-A recital of the great fighting of the marine corps at Belleau wood and elsewhere was given the House naval committee by Major General Barnett, commandant of the corps, in explaining the programme for the future strength of the marine corps.
 ''The account of the marines in France, 7 he said. form story of alfffost contin- uous fighting from Chateau Thierry to where they helped break the German line at Sedan"
 General Barnett said in the work of oc- cupation abroad and in many other ac- tivities, more marines would be needed He urged immediate legislation to in- crease the corps permanent authorized
 The photoplay. 7-part feature film. strength from GOO to 33,125 men.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
Must Pay Penalty

Montgomery, December 19.-(Spe- cial )-E K. Knott and Robert Cos by will pay the death penalty in the Elmore county jail on Friday, January 31, 1919, unless Governor Henderson interferes The supreme court of Ala bama Thursday affirmed the decision of the circuit court of Elmore and fixed the date for execution. The ap- peals came from the court of Fillmore after juries had given the two the death sentence Knott killed Emery Oaks on the streets of Wetumpka more than two years ago Cosby killed William Baker with a knife.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
PEACE PLANS TOO SLOW

LfASG LA4No lOO oLOW
 Paris, December 19.-Defnite plans for the peace conference are not shaping as rapidly as some of the American com missioners expected. Meanwhile Pres- dent Wilson is taking advantage of the opportunity to assess public opinion in France. and incidentally. in Great Bri- tain. His advisers say that he is en- tirely satisfied that these peoples are largely in accord with the principles he has announced as necessary to . durable peace.
 The members of the American mission are employing their time before the peace delegates from the various coun. tries actually assemble, in series of in- formal conferences, which eventually will include representative of each of the entente belligerents. Neutral states will not come into these discussions.
 The feeling among all the entente con- ferences isj that the making of peace should be their first task, so that they may determine upon the broad outlines of league of nations. which, later, representatives of neutral countries will assist in completing.
 While the American commissioners are holding these informal exchanges, which are designed to clear up divergencies of opinion, the President Is constantly giv- ing the closest attention to immediate problems. He is receiving reports from the United States, from American diplo- matic agencies throughout the world and from the group of investigators brought here for the purpose of studying the many special problems which will rise. These investigators are continuing their studies with the advantage now of being on the ground and in intimate contact with original sources of information.
 The President may change the pro- gramnie of his movements while await ing the opening of the conference. It was not supposed until today that he would visit England before the new year but he has received urgent invitations to come SOon
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20

adoption of resolutions entitled ~What shall the negro get out of the war;" The resolution presents protests against four conditions existing in the south which, because of the negroes service in the war, they demand changed or re- moved. The four cases are: "They are not accorded the equal protection of the law in that 1t has become a practice all most deepened into custom to permit mobs to torture and kill them in a part of the nation where they most largely reside, they do not receive equal edu- cational advantages with other citizens from the funds raised by taxation of all the people; they are in the same part of the country deprived of the bal lot, the means by which the citizen in dicates he consents to be governed; they are denied <the comforts and conven- fences of public travel, entertainment and refreshments at hotels and inns, and rec. reation at places of public amusement.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
DIED, FOR LACK OF FOOD

An officer of the Greek government declared that between 10000 and 50,- 900 inhabitants of eastern Macedonia have died for lack, of food during the Bulgarian occupation. Women and children were forced to break stones and construct 7 trenches. They were given a scanty allowance of food and were under constant intimidation.
 When they retired, the Bulgarians stripped the peasants homes of ev- erything, taking live stock, imple- ments and foodstuffs. In some sections they removed doors, window frames and floors in order to furnish fuel for their army.
 While the food shortage Is not acute In Greece. there is great demand for clothing, shoes and medicine to meet the needs of the returning refu- gees. There is little fuel and this lack may cause suffering to the poor dur ing the winter. Meat is exceedingly scarce, but this Is counterbalanced by an exceptional abundance of olive oil The crop was so large that olive oil is being used for lubricating and light ing.
 Influenza, tuberculosis malaria and other diseases prevail among the poor There is not sufficient doctors in Greece to attend to all the sick In Athens the government has taken con- trol of the supply of quinine which is distributed to the people at cost
 However, quinine is at the point of exhaustion and there has been an alarming increase in the spread of some diseases
 The supply of staples of life is con- siderably below normal, but there ap- pears to be much money in the coun- try The government is in hope that conditions will be ameliorated as soon as Greek tonnage requisitioned by thu allies is released
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20

Sunuay.
 pr. B. D. Gray. former pastor of the First Baptist church of this city, at pres ent corresponding secretary of the home board of missions of the Southern Bap- tst convention, Atlanta, Ga, and widely known and greatly beloved throughout the south, is expected to appear as one of the leading spirits of the State Bap- tist convention which meets January 7-s, 1919 in the church of his earlier love.
 pr. Gray was succeeded in the pastor ate of the First Baptist by Dr. A. J. Dickinson of Selma, in 1901, and since that date has served the home board of missions of the Southern Baptist con- vention, with headquarters in Atlanta. It is believed that there is no leader among the Baptists of the southern that is more capable and trustworthy in all the varied interests of the denomination than Dr Gray. Dr. Gray will preach, to the delight of his many friends fin this city, in the First Baptist church at both the morning and evening hours, Sunday, December 2. It is expected that large and enthusiastic crowd will greet him at both services.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
President Leaves for Army Headquarters December "A

Paris, December 19.-President Will sons present Christmas plans contem- plate his departure from Paris on Christ mas eve for Chaumont, American head quarters, on General Pershing's special train.
 On Christmas morning he will go by automobile to a nearby rest camp and dine with the troops, retuNning to Paris the same night.
 The American ambassador, William G Sharp as dean of the diplomatic corps, has arranged to present all the ambassa- dors and ministers accredited to the French government to President Wilson or Friday at the Murat palace.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
Fourth Liberty Bonds
 Drop to Low Record

New York, December 1O.-The Fourth Liberty A per cent bonds today fell to the new low record of 05 on the stock exchange. There has been steadt liquidation of this particular issue ever since 1t was listed . few weeks ago. The max imum price was 98.
 The selling of these bonds is attributed in part to the necessi- ties of borrowers in the rather stringent money market.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20

The commander iR chief is to spend Christmas at his home at Kingston Hill
 It Is said that one of the first acts Of the new Parliament will be to have submitted to 1t vote of thanks from the entire empire to Sir Douglas Haig and his generals and the troops serv- ing under them. It is understood that the vote of thanks will be followed by the usual monetary vote.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
THE WEATHER
Weather Forecast

Washington, December 1s.-The weather forecast for Alabama: Rain Friday and probably Saturday; somewhat colder Sat urday.
 Mississippi: Rain Friday and probably Saturday; somewhat colder Saturday.
 Tennessee: Rain Friday and probably Saturday; somewhat colder Saturday
 Kentucky: Rain Friday in west ana Friday or Friday night in east portion. Saturday cloudy and soxrewhat colder. probably rain. s4 ,
 South Carolina, Georgia and Florida: Rain Friday and probably Saturday.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
Negro Pioneer Dies

J. Robert Reed. pioneer negro citizen of Birmingham, died suddenly at his home. S01 South Fifteenth street. Wednesday night. following stroke of paralysis. He had been a citizen of Birmingham for 25 years, and very active in the welfare work among the colored people. He is survived by a widow. several sons and brother. fc.ss. t <. q VII be nu4Aeu todas from Payne Chapel
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
EAST LAKE ORPHANS
 CHRISTMAS CONCERT

The annual Christmas concert of the East Lake orphans will be held next Sunday afternoon at o'clock. An appropriate programme has been arr ranged and all friends of the orphans are invited.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
New York Yacht Club
 Will Race During 1920

New York, December 19.-The New York Yacht club decided at meeting tonight to decline the challenge of the Royal Ulster Yacht club for a race for America's cup in 1873. but announced, that if the challenge was renewed for 1920 it would be accepted.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
Polish Troops at Danzir

Paris, December Gavas )-A Warsaw dispatch says that the landing Of Polish troops at Danzig began yes- terday. The Polish army is reported to number 5O.0o0 men. The representa- tice of Poland at Berlin has left Ger many.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
GuatemaIa Treaty Signed

Washington, December 19.-The Senate today ratified trade treaty between this country and Guatemala, similar to the one recently concluded with Uruguay. The convention is designed to aid in the development of commerce between the United States and Guatemala.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
Pike Commissioner Named

Montgomery, December 19.-tSue. cialD-Enoch Pittman of Banks, R. r. D. No. 1, Thursday was named mem Der of the jury commission of Pike county to succeed James Gilmore, who Eesigned several weeks ago.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
K|NGENMANUEL AND
 THE HEIR ID ITALIAN THRONE ARE IN PARIS
Receive Warm Welcome by Premier Clemenceau While the Throngs Cheer
 Italy's NOtables

Paris, December I9.-king Victor
 Emmanuel, accompanied by the heir
 to the Italian throne. the Prince
 of Piedmont, and a small personal guard, arrived in Paris today. <
 warm welcome was given the Ital-
 ian monarch by President Poincare,
 Premier CIemenceau and the other
 ministers, and the thrOngs in the
 streets acclaimed him vociferously
 the procession left the station
 and went to the Italian embassy.
 This evening the King paid a visit to President Wilson at the Murat man sion. It had been expected that Victor Emmanuel and President Wilson would meet for the first time at the luncheon to be given. in honor of the King by Stephen Pichon. the French foreign minister tomorrow. and that they would again come together, and possibly find time for conversation at dinner to be given at the Italian embassy by the King to the President Friday even- ing.
 Speaking to a group which surround ed him this afternoon King Victor Elm manuel said that besides coming to Paris to visit the French people and government he was very glad to be able personally and officially to invite President Wilson to be his guest at the Quirinal, and that he had been re- quested by-Queen Helena to extend the same invitation to Mrs. Wilson.
 Notwithstanding the unpleasant weather, with it's squalls of cold rain and wind. crowds gathered along the route from the station to the embassy to greet the fourth ruler who has vis- tted France in the past fortnight. So dense were the crowds that thousands were unable to get glimpse of the King and the heir apparent. As the salute of 101 guns were being fired the King and the Prince of Piedmont were cheered loudly. President Poincare and the French ministers also were enthus- fastically applauded and often forced to lift their hats.
 ITALIANS OUT IN FORCE
 The Italian colony was out in force to receive the King. In the windows O. the Italian restaurants photographs of Victor Emmanuel were to be seen. Some of them bore placards saying:
 Let us all salute our King, our dem- ocratic King, who during four years lived at the front the life of a soldier and was one of the makers of the vic- tory. He never obtained a furlough ex- cept in time of ministerial crises"
 Members of the American expedition Hry forces also participated in the well come to Victor Emmanuel. In heavy motor trucks they lined the transverse streets overlooking the route of the pro- cession. In addition to soldiers, the trucks contained hundreds of army nurses. All the Americans cheered lustily as the procession passed, and frequently there were shouts in French of 'sVive Italy: vive le Roir'
 President Poincare rendered luncheon to the King at the ElyZe palace. The guests included the prince of Piedmont, vittorio Orlando, the Italian premier; Baron Sonnino, the Italian foreign min lister. the former French Presidents Lou. bet and Fallieres, Marshal Foch and members of the diplomatic corps.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
BULGARIA ADMITS BAD TREATMENT OF
 GREEKS AND SERBS
Continued From Page one)

mained in Macedonia during the Bull garian occupation is almost as bad as that of those who were deported. Many of them are starving and great misery exists everywhere.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
Local Data

Local data for the "A hours ending at p. m., December 19, 1918:
 Highest temperature .... 4o Lowest temperature ............. 4 11 ean teIupelature ....................... 4 NorInal temperature .................... Al Excess in temperature since Jan h. 7a Ralnfan ...:.................... O.2i Total rainfall since Jan. 1........601I 1I Excess in rainfall since Jan .12 { Relative humidity: ' a. m. .. 6ll
 !1 Hoon .....,.................... 66 A P. m. .......................... 90
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
London All Agog Over Wilson's s Change of Mind
 About Visiting England

tCOnunued From Page One.) and the reaching of definite agree ment are needed
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
MARSHAL HA|G IS GREETED BY KING
 GEORGE IN LONDON
Accompanied by His Main stays During the War, the English Leader
 Reaches Home

London, December 19-tBritishN
 Sir Douglas Hais,f commander in
 chief of the British armies in
 France and Belgium, attended by
 Generals Plumer, 'RawlinsOn, Bird-
 wood, Byng and Horne, who were
 his mainstays in aiding to defeat
 the Germans, reached London to-
 day and was accorded a notable
 welcome.
 The train bringing the field marshal to London was accompanied from Do yer by about 20 airplanes, which also lowered over the procession which passed through the densely crowded from the station to Buck ingham palace, where King George well comed the returning warriors.
 At the station the generals were met by the Duke of Connaught, rep resenting the King; the prime minister, the secretary for war, members of the army and air councils, <representa tives of the admiralty and many other dis persons.
 The Grenadier Guards, with their regimental colors and bands, were drawn up at the station to act as an escort to the field marshal, and amid loud cheering as the band played, See. the Conquering Hero Comes% the crown escorted Sir Douglas to a royal carriage in waiting to take the field marshal to the palace
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
REACHES THE PALACE

The carriages passed along the front of the palace to the entrance at the southern gates, where they drove up to the grand entrance. Here Field Marshal Haig and the generals passed into the palace and were received by King George, Queen Mary and the members of the royal fan&ly. After the recep- tion they were entertained at luncheon in the state room.
 It was notable that the luncheon was am entirely informal function. The guests numbered about 50. The crowds which remained outside until Sir Doug las and his aides left the palace fre- quently sang the national anthem