davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1918-04-14
ANT GREATLY OvERRATED,
SAYS SWEDISH NATURALIST
Declares She Has Been Living Under
False Pretenses Since Solomon's
Famous Admonition.
of the Associated Press.

Correspondence of the Associated Press.
STOCKHOLM, March 10.-The ant has
been greatly overrated, In the opinion
of Rich Ege. Swedish naturalist. Solo,
mon set the fashion with his famous
admonition to the sluggard, and the
ant has been living under false pre-
lenses ever since. For. as matter Of
fact. she is hopeless chucklehead. and
to consider her ways is no way to be-
come wise.
Mark Twain arrived at this conclu-
sion many years ago. and science now
Joins hands with him In the person OF
Mr.. Ege. who publishes the results of a
series Of experiments with ants. He
disposes first of the insects supposed
uncanny power to recognize other ten
ants of its own anthill. Mr.. Ege wash
ed ants in ether. dipped them in liquid
gained by pressing a number Of ants
from another hill, and put them back
among their own friends, who prompt
ly fell upon them and elected them. He
took ants fifty times larger than the in
habitants of a certain anthill, washed
ed from ants of that hill, and then
placed them in it. The Lilliputian In
sects did not recognize the giants as in
vaders. Mr.. Eye concludes therefore.
SA6I lHO 6uppocCu-1SIAAA Adp1y
recognitional powers Of the insects are
simply a matter of scent and inherited
reflexes.
Ants removed from familiar paths
blunder bltndly along, with no sense Of
distance or direction. until they strike
a trail made by themselves or other
ants. In many tests made by Mr.. Ege
the insects disclosed mo more intelIi-
gence than Is to be found in the diges-
tive processes of human beings" In
other words. he found nearly all their
acts are but movements by reflexes, un-
connected with intelligence.
Evening star., 1918-04-14
SEARCHLIGHT WORST FOE
TO FACE IN NIGHT FLYING

Correspondents Of the Associated Press.
LONDON. March 13.-Searchlights are
the most nerve-racking enemy whicA
the airplane pilot has to facs in night
flying, writes an airman in the Daily
Mail
"Searchlights are cruel thinGA" Ao
says ARE far harder on the nerves
than high explosives or Shrapnsi-
They seem 90 alive. an though thsy
had volition Of their own and wsre
great arms stretched out across the
night, sweeping tho darkness with IN
eager desire to ind their quarry.
Perhaps the airman 10 flying plaoid-
ly over the enemy territory In an arsA
which he knows has Been hitherto nm
defended. Suddenly he sees immedf-
ately in front of him beam OF lt91e
moving up and down. up and down:
him, weaving its way IN Wide 0weeSo
across the sky until II flashes ovef
him. and for q moment the machine -
lit up and he 10 conscious OF . 9xoe9
pool OF intensely brilliant u4nA
passes beyond him-but remain0 vagy
near the machine
The pilot throttlss his engine a14
turns slightly ~ he Gltdes aaon41k
were. pushed. ana >ncysss slev1Y 49,
hind him ~ he g1idso further qn4 enks
ther on. and ooon he hAD left q ~ 05
long distance behind hin. e
ssae goes On. ltgAt-heaFee4 aGA1a -
10 DO whsa. % Il Sss Ssss sosssss1 s.
and has hsA y3ay3uI1y eaQp44 = So
ktmeo hY q hG4~y pgN. 81 - - e
81 sn1Aea smoss = aesnksQk - s
= eenoA - - el1.14 - ~ u
Evening star., 1918-04-14

unity Of patriotism to hold Russia to-
gether. The Russian people lived for
the car and warred for the czar. The
locals OF patriotism crystal1ized in the
cars person. Some new binder was
Essential. L. was necessary to create
patriotism or something representing
patriotism. Throughout Russia were
scores OF groups acting individually,
with no apparent desire for cohesion.
The american mission believed that at
tempts to re-establish the old binder were
foredoomed to failure because under 1t
only about per cent Of the population
had real stake in the nation. while since
the revolution 80 per cent had tasted free
dom and ownership.
Soldiers Against Re
There existed solid mass of Ii, 900 900
soldiers against the re-establishment
Thus the kornilon, Kaledines and Alex
1en moves were destined to failure, al
though this was better realized after a
few bitter experiences.
Russia 8 need Of a new binder suggest
ed to the American mission a definite
course OF action-namely. amalgamation
and continued corporation Of the political
and military elements OF the new Russia
as a preliminary essential. then the in
auguration of vast educational cam
paign. seeking TO create a new patriotic
unity in an ideal Of "a free Russia, land
for the peasants. freeholds and firesides. I"
Nothing could be done without the
coalition of the military and political ele-
nfents which had been growing further
estranged. Consequently the Korniloff
plot was Matched. The plan interested
the American mission. The Korniloff-
kerensky amalgamation was first to solve
the food problem which furnished the
main basis Of attack against the Kerensky
government. and then cooperate in edu-
eating the soldiers and peasants as to
Germany's true character
1t was hoped that the effort would cul-
inmate in the creation of q Russian rev
olutionary army. the counterpart In spirit
Of the French revolutionary army
Evening star., 1918-04-14
SOCIALISTS MOVE AGAIN
FOR DEMOCRATIC PEACE

Cablegram to The Sunday Star al
ChfcagO Daily News. CopyR1sAt. lo16
PARIS. April 13.-Through Hjalmap
Branting, the Swedish socialist leader,
Emile vandervelde and Camille Huyss
mans. president and secretary Of tbs
international socialist bureau. havs
sent to the German. Austrian and Bull
garian socialist parties copy Of the
memorandum adopted by the socialist
congress in February, with q Request
that the enemy socialist parties make
a similar public declaration. A message
accompanies the copy of the memoran.'
dunn expressing the belief that com.
parison of such documents would be Of
the greatest Importance, for 1t would
show whether or not an essential elo-
ment exists between the opposing
proletariats for q possible common ef-
fort against Imperialism and for dem-
ocratfc peace. :.
Evening star., 1918-04-14
GERMAN WAR WRITER
WARNS OF AMERICANS

CableGfam to The Sunday Star and
Chicago Daily News. Copyright. 1918.
PARIS, France. April 13.-Capt Per-
sius in the Berliner Tageblatt warns
his compatriots that it is a mistake to
underestimate the Importance of the
American Army. He reminds the read
ers that the German and Austrian tom
mage confiscated by the United States
is alone sufficient to transport more
than $4,000 men in single trip. He
says:
1--WE are unable at present to estimate
whom the United States will have under
Al As the millions Of men its population
permits 1t to raise, but 1t Ia certain
that America in the near future will
possess masses Of armed men. which, In
any case. will constitute valuable aid
to our enemy
Evening star., 1918-04-14
EWS FROM ACROSS THE SEAS FOR SUNDAY STAR READER
Food Hoarder in Berlin
Discounts u. S. Species

Correspondence Of the Associated Press.
STOCKHOLM. March 1b-The
champion German ashAmsters" as
food hoarders are called I'm Ger
many, has been discoveries In
Berlin. In n search Of his house
the following articles were
f0unds
Two hundred pounds of oat-
meal. ESQ pounds of barley groats,
6S pounds Of wheat four 80
pounds OF honey, IA hams. with
total weight Of more than 10
pounds, Is pounds of sausage, 20
pounds of butter, 9 large Jars OF
lard, ~ pounds Of rice, II pounds
of coffee, is 0egEs sand other fine
thingn.o
He was fined $500 marks and
his treasures were c0nllscated.
Evening star., 1918-04-14
ASKED TO CONTINUE DEPOSITS.
British Government Wants q. s. Sc
curities Extended to March 81, '22.l

Correspondence Of the Associated Press.
LONDON. March 15.-Depositors Of
American securities under the Ameri-
can dollars securities plan. which was
inaugurated to help stabilize tho sx-
changes between this country and
America, are being asked to continue
'fheir deposits for . further period, to
expire on March 81. 1879. on the same
conditions as now prevailing.
Those who do not wish to continue
their deposits will have their. securi-
ties returned on the expiration Of their
deposit period, but a. large number
are pledeed a. collateral for. loans In
America, II, may not be pfactfeable 70
effect . return In everY instance. IN
these csses the secHrittes viii he sold
- - 81 - Z l( ~ q.
Evening star., 1918-04-14
LIEUT.. GRAFT TO HAVE CHARGE

Correspondence Of the Associated Press.
AMSTERDAM. March 15.-Lieut. Paul
Gratz, formerly a well-known German
Arctic explorer. has been appointed in
charge Of the plans for establishing an
airplane postal service between Ger
many and Turkey. The Hamburg
American Steamship Company II ex-
pected to provide the necessary capital.
According to the promoters, two main
lines are to be established. One win
run from Hamburg to Constantinople
and the other from Strassburg 70 Con-.
etantinople. The former route u Its
miles; there viii be eleven air stations.
each of which will maintain, nve air.
planes IN use and hye In reserve. each
machine mating one double journey Of
zee miles eesh tAy. 81,
Evening star., 1918-04-14
Fat Incomes at Sheffield Works.

Correspondents OF the A1sociated Press.
SHEFFIELD, England. March 18-
The collection Of income tax from wage
earners IL causing many heart burnings
In the prosperous industrial district
around Sheffield. Investigations OF the
income tar man there have shown many
incomes almost fabulous when COM
pared with peacs-time wages. After all
allowances. are made individual work
men here will pay tax on incomes
ranging mn to- 31o.oe0 . ysar. the high
est AEurss bsing feaehed .sby the oo-
caIlsd .fonna9e mel. y ne sare paids on
Evening star., 1918-04-14
Rental System in Paris
Beats Profteer in u. S.

of the Associated Press.
PARIS, March 15-The remark
able Inequalities resulting from
the French moratorium OF rents,
which has been in effect ever
since the war. II seen In q case
which has come MP in the courts
here. An aged Frenchmnn, whose
only source Of income was q large
house, rented 1T just before the
war to a tenant who was mObil-
lied and Il still serving. Conse-
Quently he IN not obliged to pay
rent. His wife, meanwhile. In oc-
cupyfng the house. which she
sublets to n number of weekly
tenants at q good price.
The poor landlord. deprived Of
his only source OF revenue, lives
ON money which he borrows' at a
high rate Of interest. the lender
being the tenants wife. He is try
ing to obtain some adjustment Of
his borrowings through the
French courts.
Evening star., 1918-04-14
|CAN LOCATE OBJECTS
within ENEMY LINES
Invention Enables Map Men to
Aid Artillery With Air
plane Photographs.

correspondence OF the Associated Press.
FRENCH FRONT, March 20.-Ac-
curacy and efficiency have been made
possible for the French artillery by
the invention of an instrument that
enables French mapmakers to locate
almost exactly an object within the
enemy lines which has been photo
graphed from an airp1ane. In trans
ferring to a map the photographed
object, such say, as an enemy battery
or munition dump, the margin or error
Is limited to less than five yards.
This permits the French artillery to
pour Its shells with almost certain aim
onto German gun emplacements. trench
positions, crossroads, cantonments,
railroad lines. aviation camps and other
enemy organizations. 1t is unneces-
sary for the gunner to have even a
distant view of the object he is firing at.
To take a photograph Of the enemy
lines from French airplane Is an
easy matter, but to transfer the OBJ
jects photographed to their exact To-
tremely difficult. This was due to the
varying heights and angles from which
the airplane observers made their pho
tographs. By the invention OF one OF
the officers attached to the seograph-
most eliminated.
Enemy Guns Now Located.
Not only the aerial observation serv-
ice. but other methods of spotttng
German positions-more especially can
non and machine-gun emplacements-
are utilized as aids to the work OF the
military mapmaker. The nashes OF
man side form one valuable adjunct
to his work, but the most important
of all is the calculation Of the speed
Of the sound of the firing charge OF
the German shells. This has been
brought to basis of such perfection
that the guns can now be located with
almost absolute accuracy. In fact in
recent operations 1t has proved that
the system. Of observation by sound
has given successful results IN moro
than 80 per cent Of instances.
In every army there is branch OF
the geographical section, and each is
furnished with a complete lithographfc
and zinographic printing plant and
skilled 0sra fsw bonra ana
after the receipt of the days observa-
tions from all the various sources
dozens Of copies Of the corrected maps
are ready for issue to- all the etaffs
Of s9Tps bs srmy ana
Nothing IL omitted from, the maps
every church. house. chimney, mill,
bridge, road. railroad. group OF trees y
marked. AZ well ~ every turn and
twist of an enemy trench or system
M stream. ditch. 'bridgs. 1ofd. Every 1afh
used by supply parties. every point OF
organixed she'll crater. look
out post Is shown on the maps. Maps
on a very large scale are given when
an attack is about to be carried outs>
so that each officer and man partfct-
pating may know exactly what is In
front Of him and what he may expect
to encounter during his advance.
Evening star., 1918-04-14
Bodies of Dead in Heaps

Many persons assert that during the
first shock streams Of boiling water and
lets of steam issued from the earth. An
Informant states that he walked
once the streets of the native quarter
and saw bodies Of the dead in heaps Of
rubble. The Japanese Red Cross So
ciety of Swatow rendered valuable as
sistance. Temporary hospitals have
been erected to accommodate the
wounded. Many hundreds of persons
are homeless.
No deaths Of Europeans have been re-
ported. Most foreigners left their
houses and took refuge in the ships.
An instance of the severity of the dis
turbance is that ship, thirty miles at
sea, of Annoy, felt the shock distinctly.
1t is belieyed that Annoy suffered as
much as. If not more thar, Swatow.
Evening star., 1918-04-14
keep CLOSE TOUCH
WITH WAR CABINET
Representatives of All British
Fighting Forces Attend
Every Meeting.
Of the Associated Press.

Correspondence Of hsNAssociated Press.
LONDON. March 15.-Representative
of the British fighting forces on land
and sea attend every meeting Of the
British war cabinet, communicate to
the members Of the cabinet the latest
information concerning the war and
consult with them on important Ques-
tions.
At these conferences the army is rep
resented by Maj. Gen. Sir Henry
Hughes Wilson, chief Of the imperial
staf. and the navy by Vice Admiral
Sir Rosslyn wemyss. first sea lord Of
the admiralty.
How the British war cabinet operates
in deciding upon war policies and d.
recting Britain's share in the war Is
told in the apnual report OF the cabinet
now published for the nrst time in his
tory.
"At each meeting" says this official
statement Of the workings of the inner
circles Of the British government, the
cabinet begins by hearing reports as
to the progress Of the war since the
preceding day. Unless it wishes to con-
hne its deliberations to general cues,
tions Of policy, It then proceeds TO deal
with questions awaiting its decision.
As these questions IN the vast majority
Of cases affect one or more OF the ad-
ministratige departments, almost all
it's meetings are attended by the min
listers and their chief departmental Of
dcials concerned.
Every Braach Co-ordinated.
'-The majority Of the sessions OF the
war cabinet consist, therefore. OF q
series of meetings between members
of the war cabinet and those RESPONSE
BILE for executive action at which ques-
tions of policy concerning those de-
partments are discussed and settled.
Questions Of overlapping or conflict be-
tween departments are determined ana
the general lines of policy throughout
every branch Of the administration CO.
ordinated SO as to form part of a con-
sistent war plan.
ministers who are not members OF
the war cabinet are permitted to bring
with them to the cabinet meetings ex-
perts from their own departments or
from elsewhere and often do so when
expert opinion is needed to decide an
important question.
"In peace times, sessions OF the Brit
ish cabinet were infreQuent, but under
war pressure this has changed. The
war cabinet has held 800 sessions In
the past year."
Evening star., 1918-04-14
q. 8. Action Great Event of 1917.

.sThe great blockade event of the year
was the declaration of war between the
United States and Germany, followed by
similar declarations from. or the rup-
ture of relations by. a considerable
has. enabled us and our allies to stop
imports to- the border -neutrals at the
"Public attention has been fixed. not
unnaturally. more upon the food block
It is very doubtful whether this Is its
most important aspect. The evidence
is strong to show that Germany is also
suffering gravely from the want Of such
things as wool. leather. co0on. rubber
and SO on.
at is hoped that we may see consid-
erable results in the future from the
new forms OF pressure which the entry
Of America into the war has enabled us
to employ"
Evening star., 1918-04-14
Gospel Of Cheerfulness.

His gospel. whether consciously or
not, is the gospel of cheerfulness. and
in practice it works out that his
spirits grow lighter in proportion as
dangers and discomforts grow heavier.
His jests in time Of stress provide Just
the electric spark that turns the hearts
Of men from gloomy pessimism into
The ex-newsboy has 1.-THE reputation,
from Lens to st. Quentin. of being alb,
solutely. fearless. In his work as
stretcher bearer. he goes busily about
among the falling shells, always
whistling a popular tune, with an ever
ready word of sympathy and encour-.
agement for the wounded. He Is gem
orally looked upon as one who bears
charmed life. for he has never re-
ceived even a scratch. and his very
presence Is regarded as a mascot
|, Tapley won the second OF his two
decorations under heavy shell fire in
the Chalk Pit north of Loos when, sim
gle handed, he bandaged and carried
to a safe part of the trench all the
wounded of his own company and
several from nsighboring battalion. >
Evening star., 1918-04-14
GERMANY HAS TROUBLE
IN EXPLAINING DELAYS
Hindenburg's Plea to Kaiser for
Patience" Causes Rejoicing
in France.
By PAUL SCOTT mownER,

BY PAUL SCOTT MOwRER.
Cablexram to The Sunday Star ana
Chicago Daily News. Copyrfghts 1918.
PARIS. France. April 1s.-NeYs of
the difficulty the German government is
having to explain the situation to the
German people is causing satisfaction
here. All the German newspapers ad-
init that the offensive has been checked
momentarily and hint vaguely at some
new tactics to be adopted to bring the
war to a speedy conclusion. Field Mar
shall Won Hindenburg. in letter y EN-
peror William, begs the latter to be pa
tient. AS a matter Of fact, no serious
counter attacks have yet occurred and
the number Of French divisions 30 far
engaged seems relatively small. Thus
during the German attacks on April 4
the proportion of French to Germans
was as one to four.
British Reports Have Good Effect.
Reports from England are also hav-
ing a good effect here. The number of
British divisions which have had to be
relieved since March FL is less than half
the number of German divisions 30 re-
lieved. All this augurs well for the
future.
The arrival of Bulgarian troops at
Mannheim and of Turkish troops at
Strassburg is reported. Austrian news
papers are boasting that Austrian ar
tillery participated in the offensive from
the beginning. They add that Tyrolean
chasseurs and veteran Austrian shock
bsttalions are now ready to flgHt beside
their German comrades, but thus far
there has been no evidence OF the
presence Of such troops on the battle
leld.
Not Taken Seriously.
The slight French retirement in the
region of Chauny should not be taken
seriously. The French communique OF
March 20 limited at it as probably the
line forming an untenable salient was
withdrawn to Ailette and the Oise prior
to that date, but as the French left
outposts on the old line the Germans
only discovered the retirement Satur-
day There Is no evidence that there
will be serious fighting at this point.
where the new front joins the old
north of the Malmaison plateau.
Evening star., 1918-04-14
Sends Red Cross Mission.

America sent Red Cross mission to
Russia which. under the force OF cir
cumstances. resolved itself into q po-
iitical mission. This unofficial effort
allies made regarding the new RUS
sia. For purposes OF war the various
allied nations selected as their repre-
seNtatives in Russia men who through
temperament and training were fitted
to work in harmony with the cxar's
autocratic regime. The revolution
came ana practically noiie of these
representatives was replaced by a man
more in tune with the situation. The
old allied representatives were as
much out of sympathy with the new
sociaiistic order as were the support
ers of the oyerthrown autocracy.
The American Red Cross mission
now alsnost wholly q political mission
r-realised that when the czar fell the
.fuEda hentat 0tndey Of Husntan life
.sSs- ESt snd fhsr6 exiIfa6 q co.
Evening star., 1918-04-14
Military Program Is Praised.

In the business of keeping our SOL
diers physically and morally At the pro-
gram Of our military authorities is the
most comprehensive and aggressive
ever laid out by a nation at war The
stories of wholesale drunkenness and
vice circulated in some quarters at
home concerning the American expedi-
tfonary force were false. while some
men and groups OF men have committed
grave excesses and shamed their uni
forms, the small number Of those in
proportion to the total. number under
arms Is source OF qualification and
pride to every citizen who believes In
the moral soundness of American So
ciety. My own Investigations substan-
tiate the figures already made public
by the Army medical department, which
prove that the American soldier in
France is living on a higher moral
plane than the moral plane Of American
civilian life. Gen. Pershing and his as
sociates deserve not resolution OF in
quiry and censure, but q vote Of conf
dence and the assurance Of the nations
whole-hearted cooperation and sup
port.
THE work of the Y. NJ. C. A. in the
American Army zone cannot fail to re-
ceive the enthusiastic commendation OF
every visitor. The organizations many
sided work makes 1t the mightiest con-
structivs agency 2f Its kind in Europe"
Evening star., 1918-04-14
ITCH TAP[EY THRILLS
HIS ARMY COMRADES.
Ex-Kewsboy Of London Has
the Reputation Of Being Alb
soIuteIy Fearless.
,nrre,nondeuce Of the Associated Press.

COrre9DOn0ence OF Inc ABBOClhIeu 1EesSs
BEHIND THE BRITISH LINES IN
FRANCE, March 15.-Ope Of the famil-
lar characters Of pre-war days in Lon
don was a street arab newsboy, who
sold papers outside one Of the hotels
most frequentel by American visitors.
De1ighting in the nickname Frog
faced Tich," he won the admiration OF
visitors as a master of repartee. vary
ing his nightly refrain of "all the
winners" and "'orrible murder with
ironfcal comments on the worlds events
and caustic replies to pedestrians who
ventured to handy words with him as
they passed.
Persons who knew Itch Tapley in the
old days would scarcely recognize him
now in his khaki uniform, with
crowned" ribbon on his breast, indi-
eating that he has been twice awarded
the priced military cross. His COM
rades of the London Regiment. more
over, declare that II he had been
awarded a medal on every occasion on
which he has merited 1t he would be
with ribbon from head to foot
Of his diminutive body.
Schemes to Get Into Army.
, Too small to go into the army by the
regular channels, Itch, after several
trials, was accepted AS stretcher
bearer in the London Regiment. At
the front he quickly became one OF the
most popular men in the regiment.
One Of his officers, in a report to
headquarters. said Of him, Cheerful
ness, courage. devotion to duty and
disregard of danger are as much q
part Of his equipment as his haversack
and his water bottle"
Tapley probably looks less like a
hero than any other man In his bat
TALON. But his caustic. goodSnatured
humor, which was little more than an
amiable diversion in civilian life, be-
came an Invaluable asset In the
trenches, keeping up the morale and
optimism of the whole battalion.
His officers find themselves conttn-
ually paying tribute to his'usefulness
in this respect. One of them wrote in
a latter a short time ago: