The Dolores star., 1918-06-28
SENTENCE Of
! HUNS SUBMARINE
DEPENDING ON LAND POWER


ssrvanes q lie Rules Of
frosdom.
Dy FRANK J. ooooNoW.
Urom the Committee on Public Informa-
ton. Washington. D. CO.
The nineteenth century witnessed
what was probably the greatest
achievement Of the human intellect.
This was the bringing about Of the
economic unity of the world. Since
the opening Of the present century 1t
may be said that NO country which has
any marked development has been self
sumcient. Tho products Of the trop-
ics have become articles of necessity
to the Inhabitants Of the temperate
zone. The minerals which nature has
stored In such profusion in particular
districts are regarded as held in trust
for the world at large. Failure In the
crop OF certain staples like cotton,
which can be grown only under Pc
culiar conditions. II felt In distant
lands. Drought In the Australian an
tipodes makes Il dlf1cult for Europe
to clothe herself In wool.
This economic world unity has been
the result Of q slow Development.
Many things have contributed to its
growth. Without. however, the recog-
milton Of the freedom Of the seas 1t
would have bssa impossible. The
transportation Of many products u
conditioned BY the cheapness d
freight rates incident to water routes.
These routes are available for gsnsral
use only II the go 10 free to an who
desire to use Il. unmolested ffo0 At
tack. Their interruption - Q result
Of the. naval operations Of the present
war has been followed By scarcity In
many countries.
The freedom Of the sea became IN
sstablishsd fact only In comparatively
Fecsnt times. A perusal Of the quaint
phrassology Of some marine insurance
policies, often still retained beyond
the times to which It 70 applicable, r.
Heals the dangers incident to ocean
travel not % many years ago. Pirates,
potentates and princes all combined
not 20 long ago to make the risks Of
ocean travel extra hazardous. Tho
claims Of potsntates and princes to
monopolixe the ocean were recognised
a. incapable Of justification only few
hundred years back. Pirates still
piled their nefarious trade within the
nssmory Of living men. Indeed. pirates
are stfil to be found In the rivers and
4stuaries Of southern China. and mer-
chant ships In that part Of the world
are compelled to arm themselves even
now against piratical attack, - was
universally the case the world over
not much more than one hundred yeafs
ago.
No Peculiar Rights - osa.
The freedom Of The go asainst pi-
fatical attack was secured BY the
united efforts Of all seafaring nations
who treated the pirate a an outlaw to
whom no consideration Or quarter was
to b given. Long before this result
was reached It was determined BY
common agreement that no one coun-
try should claim any particular rights
I'm the sea such a. Spain and Portu-
up. Apart from the influence Of prin-
ciples Of Justice, 1t was found A. 4
practical matter that live and let live
was the only principle which could be
applied. For interference with the
ships Of any country was easily re-
payable in kind. Ceaseless hostility
between seafaring powers would have
followed the application Of any other
policy, az 1t did actually follow the
monopolistic attempts Of Spain.
The significance Of the submarine
which has first been used in the war
now raging consists in the fact that
its use imperils the economic unity
Of the world to which attention has
been called. The submarine threatens
the freedom Of the seas through the
recognition Of which progress in the
been made possible. The submarine
threatens the freedom Of the seas be-
cause no adequate method Of defense
against 1t has a. yet been discovered.
II It n used a. It has been in the past
few years by q nation whose chief con-
cerr Is land rather than sea power,
retaliation and reprisal are impossible.
Two can play at the game Of sea mo-
nopoly when surface shipping and sea-
4aIAAS A0kAOhO 0AOI COAC6kuGOs ouI
where the submarine u used by q power
whose interests are continental rather
than oceanic the game which IL played
IL quite a one-sided one. All the pow
er which Is attacked-can do IL to en-
deavor to destroy as many submarines
as possible. and recent experience
would 60 to show that such a policy
Is not effective. A power which makes
use Of submarines for the destruction
Of merchant shipping Of course In
vites reprisals. but II that power has
no shipping such reprisals are nm
possible. - a
OWED Existenee 70 Britain.
This is the situation at the present