davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-07-11
Curious Wooden Clock.

Seattle, Wash, boasts a curious
wooden clock, three and half feet
in diameter, with a minute hand over
four feet long. The case is not guar
anteed, but it is supposed to be over
225 years old and is expected to last
for some years to come. The works
are placed in section Of Douglas fir
log, one end Of which is ornamented
with the face n,,Inc~"ls. -, a.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-07-11
X X X r X X XXX X X X X X
ECKLES.
n - ~ - n ~ n y ~ n ~ II II II 4

:.
Rev. Rascum of So1way has been
holding services in the Bowers school
house for the past week and will con-
tinue holding services this week.
J. w. Krause and family visited
Sunday at J. G. Malawoski's and
called at George Brennan's. e
o. w. Olson and family spent Sun
day at George Brennan's picking
strawberries. 49,
Mr.. and Mrs. H. E. Bowers spent
Friday on their. farm. They cooked
their dinner and supper over comp
fire.
George Brennan spent Monday in
Bemidji. ...-- y
Mrs. J. G. SharpIes and daughter,
Eva, and Celia Brennan picked straw
berries Monday.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-07-11
TO I TEACH PUPILS

4 A much used device for enforcing
the fact Of the alcohol content in
beer is a bottle with heating appar-
atns underneath and a glass tube in
the stopper. After two minutes the
alcohol in ordinary brown beer passes
through the stopper and burns for a
considerable time. The magistracy
of Munich ordered sixty-three <of
these for use in the public schools Of
the city. : ...-; ~ y
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-07-11
Terms Of Governors. ;.

There is no approachE to uniformity
in the terms Of the governors Of diff
ferent states of the Union. The gov
ernors Of two states. are elected for
one year; those of twenty-one states
for two years; the governor of New
Jersey for three, years, and those Of.
twenty-four states for four years.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-07-11
x x X r. X x x = X X X X X X X
x sMITHP0RT. x

< < z = x ( ( < < < < < < < <
K. W. Kuchen and Oscar Wickert
have left for the swamp country to
work on Darl's dredge.
E. Chamberlain and Albert Smith
have been doing considerable fencing
the past week.
The cutworms are beginning to
disappear and what crops they have
not destroyed may yet mature. They
have been uncommon1y plentiful this
season.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-07-11

We have learned from G. W. JeWett Com
pany that practically all of the Fordson Tractors
that are being sold in this locality through the
Food Administration at dealers cost have been
snapped up BY farmers and groups Of farmers 4
in the outlaying districts from Bemidji
For instance, they have gone to such com
munities as Nebish Little Fork, Northonne, Alv-
\ wood and others from other points further out
have been received.
But we find that our home farmers near
Bemidj are overlooking the opportunity Of secur
ing Fordson Tractor and plow at the dealers
cost price.
This matter is therefore called to the atten-
ton of the farmers in Bemidji and vicinity.
There is an opportunity to still secure one Of
these tractors for Ben1idji farmers, but mmedi-
ate action is necessary. ~ HI. -*."~ ~...<S +
Inquire for information, and remember that
the banks will assist you in making the deal -
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12

John j. Heuther, Ashby; Halvor o.
son, Manfred; James J. Scott, Lawton;
Vidge T.. Anderson, Valley City; An
drew T. Nelson, Mercer; John c. Pal
mer, Halliday; Einess T. Powell,
Steele; Ray J. Hyde, Alexander; Paul
J. Wilhelm, Glen Ullen; Martin
Skaar, Wimbledon; Louis J. German,
Penn; Earl A. Shafer, Bantry; David
0. Roessl, Kildeer; Charles p. Krath,
Hankinson; George W. jeanette, St.
John. and Edward Tadenski, r. 6,
Grafton.
Those reported wounded, degree un-
known, are: Sgt. James J. Flynn,
Jamestown; and Privates J. Larson,
Cummings, Myrtle Sennes. r. 2, Ma
koti; George H. Green, Fargo; Ed
ward w. Ramsey, Crystal; Sam B. Ar
vintis, Bismarck; John Besteland, Car
pic; Magnor X. Hanson, Grenora; Les
ter Shook, Anamoose; Amt G. Lund,
Darlington; Louis p. Paulson, Hoople;
Nikodemus Britt, Judson; Harold H.
Crosby, Rolla; and Jacob Helm, Lehr.
Pirates Anton Freberg, Cogswell;
Palmer Hanson, White Earth, and
George Scott, are reported slightly
wounded.
Those reported missing are: .Pri-
ates William Sasse, Willow City; An
drew A. J. Peterson, Kensal; Arthur
Aylen, Jamestown; Frank Balster,
Jamestown; Arthur Tyson, Parshall;
William A. Zich, Regent; James A..
Martin, Weaverton; Henry Krohn,
Omemee; George H. Rogers. Velva;
Charley F. Swartz, Luverne, and Kin
ton C. Torgerson, Fairdale.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12

now.
Her sister, Mrs. r. F. Hackett, Of
Sufield, Alberta, and her brother,
Sergt. A. X. Hardy, who. spent ten
months in France and was twice
wounded in the Chateau Thierry fight,
but is now an instructor in Camp
Meade, Nd, were unable to attend
the funeral services, which were con-
Quoted at the home in Surrey at 4 p.
m. Tuesday, Dec, Bird, by Rev. IRWIN
Of the Nazarene church.
There's an aching void in the home
and we hear no more the joyous baby
prattle and patter Of little feet, but
we know our loss is her eternal gain,
for Jesus said, Suffer the little ones
to come unto me for Of such is the
Kingdom of Heaven" and we know
there is no more pain or sorrow and
no parting there but Joy and peace and
love with Jesus and the Holy Angels.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12
MINOT and VICINITY

light snow fell Monday night,
covering the ground.
Hunter Wagner, of Blaisdell, trans
acted business in Minot Friday.
Mr.. Moore, a prominent sheep man,
and Ed Weiman, cattleman from
Blaisdell, were in Ninot Friday on
their way to Chicago with stock.
The 13-year-old son of VIM. Hadler,
who lives northeast Of the city, broke
his arm recently, while playing
pump, pump, pull-away" with some
other lads.
/ A son was born Sunday to Mr.. and
and Mrs. Edw. Livingston, who reside
northwest of Minot. Mrs. Livingston
recently recovered from severe at
tack of pneumonia, following infuen-
"a.
Miss Mildred Southert of Drayton
was the guest Of Miss Ruby Lambert
Of this city. Miss Southert and Miss
Lambert went to Burlington Sunday
where they are engaged in teaching
school.
! Aungust Nelson, former Blaisdell
merchant, has been seriously i'll from
pneumonia in Ninot hospital for
several weeks. Mrs. Nelson has also
been i'll in the hospital.
| Mr.. and Mrs. C. N. Gulso of Blais-
dell were in Minot Friday enroute to
Montana where they will make their
future home. Mr.. Gulso, whose health
is not good, hopes the change will
benefit him.
Miss Blanche Lynch has returned
u -
ETY. editor Of the Herald, and will visit
with her parents, Judge and Mrs. John
Lynch. while recovering from her re-
cent illness.
Geo. Eroe, who has been in training
at Camp Grant, Ill.,, has returned and
will take his former position with the
Second National bank. Mr.. Eroe has
received an honorable discharge from
the army
o. N. eleven and o. M. Heath from
Douglas, were in the city Saturday
enroute to Spokane, Wash, where they
will visit with friends and relatives
until after Chritmas.
H. H. Marean, one Of the big farm
! ers from Glenburn, was in the city
Friday blank" has been operating
about 100 acres, but can't brag much
! on the Weld during the past two years,
still he is preparing to put in as much
crop as ever the coming spring.
Forrest Rice, Of Blaisdell, sheriff
elect Of Mountrail county, was in the
city Friday enroute to Chicago with
stock Mr.. Rice has moved to Stanley
and will be ready to take charge Of
the sheriff's office the first Of the year.
He announces that he will retain Don
Alger as office deputy.
Mr. Murphy, the claim agent from
Minot, went to Blaisdell Friday, where
he settled the damage cases against
the G. N. arising from a prairie fire
which burned meadows and hay on
Oct. l3 last. The total loss amounted
j to $24OO. Among those suffering dam
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12
Sweet Little Girl at Rest.

Surveys first death from the influ-
enza occurred on Sunday, Dec. 1st
when little Enid Ruth, beloved baby
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. B
Hardy, passed to the Great Beyond
after a brief illness with pneumonia
following the influenza. In eight
days more little Enid would have been
20 months old. Being an unusually
bright and affectionate baby for her
age she was loved by all who knew
her and will be missed not only in her
own home, but by the neighbors also
Her mother and father, sister Glad:
Us, aged II years, brother Leslie, aged
9 years, and uncle, Byron Wetmore
were also all sick with the influenza
at their home in Surrey at the time
of her death but have all recovered
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12
Many North DakOtans in Casualty
Iist

The following is North Dakota s
casualty list made public for the fore
part Of the week:
The men killed in action are: Pri-
Yates Andrew J. Black, Berthold; AL
bert Gariepy, Leroy; Charles A. Hoff,
ard Raymond G. Nedrow, Donnybrook.
Privates Melvin Ostby, Willow City,
and Henry C. Roder, Anamoose, are
reported dead Of disease.
The following are reported severely
wounded: Corps. John c, Johnson,
Haisdell, and Earl S. Scribner, Mi
mot, aad Private Carl J. Enlisted, Port
,sand; Guy d. Rodenhaug, Williston;
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12
DR.. Seeds Car Wrecked.

DR.. Seeds Car Wrecked.
DR.. D. F. Seeds car which was left
standing on the south hill Saturday
morning, took a little jaunt all by it.
self. It appears that breeze started
the car and it gained momentum
steadily until it ran into some object
The car was badly wrecked.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12
weeks to go before the close II Nh.

Mrs. J. H. Bosard and daughter,
Mrs. Chas. F. Farnsworth, arrived
from Washington, D. c., and are
guests at the home Of the formers
son, Atty. r. H. Bosard. They are
enroute to California, where they will
spend the winter. Mrs. Farnsworth il
the wife Of Major Farnsworth. vhs
has won distinction on the field u bat-
tie in France.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12
Mrs. Youngman in Minneapolis fo
the Red Cross.

Mrs. Frank w. Youngman has re-
turned from Minneapolis, where she
was sent by the Minot Branch Of the
Red Cross to receive instructions in
making suits for convalescent SOL
diers. She brot a sample suit back
and will instruct the Minot women in
this work. The local chapter is ex-
pected to make a thousand such suits.
The Minneapolis headquarters in.
formed Mrs. Youngman that the Mi.
not chapter stood very high in turning
out its work promptly.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12

FOR SALE-Goou house, 6 rooms, 8
blocks from Mckinley school and
convenient to State Normal; the lot
is IS IL by $50. For trims write A.
Moore, 1922 LIST St. N. E. 12-12-t4
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12

Inquisitors' Club Gives 92nd Dinner.
The 92nd monthly dinner Of the In
quisitor's Club was given at the Wa
verify hotel Wednesday evening". Geo.
Won Media read an interesting paper
which was discussed by the club mem
bers.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12

Flu" Cases Subsiding in Minot.
The "flu" cases are becoming fewer
and fewer in Minot, the doctors re.
porting but three or four day.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12
BREAKING WANTED

BREAK1NG WANTED
GAO acres of land located 8 miles
from Alameda, Saskatchewan, Can
ada. Attractive price to anyone who
will break this section and put it into
flax in spring Of 1919. Address A. F.
Kenyon, 1911 Holmes Ave. &c., Min
neapolis. 12-12-t6cg
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12
CARD OF THANKS.

We desire to express our sincere
gratitude to the kind friends who so
nobly assisted US thru our recent ILL
ness with the influenza and the death
and burial Of our precious baby Enid
Ruth.
Geo. B. Hardy and Family.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12

Owing to a second outbreak of in.
fiuenza in Minneapolis, all of the
schools of that city have again been
closed.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12

FOR, SALE AT BARGAIN-2-room
house in good condition and lots,
Garden Home Addition to Minot.
For particulars write A. Moore,
1922 LIST St. N. E. 12-12-t4
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12

FOR SALE-One registered Chester
White boar, about eighteen months
old. N. S. Aamoth, Norwich, N. D.
12-12-t4cg
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12

No Diphtheria in Minot.
City Health Officer Knapp makes
the statement that there are no cases
Of black diphtheria in Minot, contrary
to reports.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12

The country roads are in excellent
condition for motoring, which ought
to make holiday shopping brisk in
Minot. AS matter of fact, the
stores are doing record breaking
business daily. Many of our stores
reported doing as much business as
they had done in all Of 1917, with six
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-12-12

age were Ole Knudson, Ben Bjorn-
son, Mike Geottle, r. C. Finley, H. w
Scott and Forrest Rice.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1918-07-05
THE MAN WHO "STARTED" $685..
0oo, 200, 900 FIRE Is STILL
BEYOND CONTROL"

The man who started the war is
dead. In q fortress BAL Prague tn
berculosis took the life of the Gaviro
Prinzip, who killed the heir to the
Austrian throne, Archduke Franz
~Tnr'inand, and his wife, at Sarajevo,
or that fateful 28th of June, 1914.
the man who pulled the cork out
Of the bottle and released the djinn
in the Arabian tale had a tame ad-
venture compared with this youth
who fired that historic revolver. He
loosed a stone and started a. ava
lanche; Austria's ultimatum to Ser
bia; the notifications of Austria. Rus
STA, Germany, France, England; the
furious clicking of telegraph instru-
ments among foreign Offices; and then
Europe ablaze with war.
To say that the Sara3evo assassi-
nation started the war is like saying
that the electric button which starts
the machinery built the engine. Yet
what an unstable equilibrium for
European civilization u. . That school
of historic-romantic novelists, who
used to dish up the court intrigues
of fictitious kingdoms somewhere in
the Balkans" were outdone by the
reality.
There are two versions of the Sar-
ajevo affair; both sensational enough.
The Austrian story is that the as
sassination was planned by the Ser
bian pan-Slav Nationalist propagan-
dists with the secret support of Rus
STA, the purpose of being to raise an
issue of war in order to test whether
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1918-07-05

Germany would really stand by s4uS
atria in a. pinch. Thre times BEFORE
in crises, Austria, ever then her n
nances out at elbow, had incurred
the expense of a general mobiliza-
ton, and Germany had not followed
Russia's purpose, say the Austrians,
was ~ see ii GERMANY would refuse
a fourth time and thus make bsd
blood between The two allies and cut
Austria out CT the German alliance,
as Italy had bee II before.
The Serbian version is even more.
startling. Franz Ferdinand, heir to-
the H%apsburg throne, vas anti-Ger-
man. He disliked the Berlin-to-BaG-
dad railway scheme because he -
pccted that it would reduce Vienna
to the estate of a mere way station
The Serbians say he was killed by a.
palace plot Matched j n Germany with
the connivance of pro-German Aus
TRANS, who hoped to catch two fish.
on n hook.-Boston Globe.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1918-07-05

probably f.cs IN 0t1ss ohAA0D n
their Guinness.
At the present time this tA0e most
heavily ON the confectionery 0A sol
drink industries. because Of GAo ke1
Of vessels to transport the raw s0gas
from abroad. Tho less esSendalb an
elassed as soda water. coca-coiA, can
dies and such things - . large
quantities OF sugar, and are not con.
adhered a food.
The housewife who has to can hes
fruit fares much more literally, and
may be allowed to use as much gu
gar as the requirements demand TO!
the preserving Of fruits and vegeta'
hles. This also applies to tho manu-
facturer Of ice cream, as he 10 con
sidered to be serving a food.
It Is we'll for us to look at these
conditions with due consideration to
the need of our army and allies, and
mpa our abundant allotment with
that Of France and England. where
at present they are allowed but a lit
tie more than one pound OF sugar
per person per month, while we are
allowed three pounds.
In the use Of sugar keep in mind
the need Of our army and allies, and
encourage yourself to be more care
full in your use of sugar, and we are
sure that it will give you satisfaction
to know that the little self-denial you
practice is not self-denial, but an op
p~ortunity for you to assist in a hum
BILE way to help win the war by giving
up ~graciously your selfish demands
for more Of the good things and divid
ing with your brother man who needs
these foods.
II you eat contrary to the food al
miristratiOn'3 request, the k2icer'i
reprcs entat!ve and not your boz may
I'll tho vacant chair at your taole.
Waste reclaimed is ground 70
gained.
The J-hoats are w3stiTr sCrs= O!
our fcot: cont be q T. GO
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1918-07-05
-------W W.
SURGEONS agree that In case

SURGEONS agree that In cases
of Cuts, Burns, Bruises and Wounds
the FIRST TREATMENT is most i'm
portant. When an EFFICIENT anti
ceptic is applied promptly, there IS
no danger Of infection and the
wound begins to heal at once. For
use on mar or beast, BOROZONE
is the IDEAL ANTICEPTIC and
HEALING AGENT. Buy it NOW
and be ready for an emergency.
Price Csc, SOC, $1.00 and $1.5o-
Sold by End Glass and Corner Drug
Store.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1918-07-05
No Worms i'm q Healthy Child

All children troubled with worms have an IN
healthy color. which indicates poor blood, and as a
rule, there is more or less stomach disturbance.
for two or three weeks will enrich the blood. i'm
prove the digestion. and act as a General Strength
enine Tonic to the whole system. Nature will then
throw off or dispel the worms. and the Child will be
in perfect health. Pleasant to take. 60c per bottle.
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1918-07-05
UNITED STATES
FOOD Administration
MISSISSIPPI DIVISION
BY HARPER LEiPER,
Field Representative.
Warning With Reference to
NOn-Essential Use of SUGAR

MI. Harding recently received . ter
egram from Mr.. Hoover advising that
a the general tendency towards the
The Grenada sentinel. [volume] (Grenada, Miss.) 1868-1955, 1918-07-05

GRADUAL elimination
Of the less essen
thai industries would
undoubtedly contin-
Ne to Increase a.
long a. the w0
pr0grosseA that
these tr1des would
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1918-05-30
Hon. J. NJ. baer
Here on Monday
Opens Campaign for Non.
Partisans With a Speech
at Auditorium

The Auditorium has been engaged
for Non Partisan League meeting,
that will be held in Langdon on Mon
day, June 3rd at the hour of two
o clock in the afternoon and addressed
by Congressman j. M. Baer and the
Legislative candidates of the League
here!i in Cavalier county. In the notice
of this meeting sent out to the press
it is stated that Congressman Baer
will discuss live topics of the league.
The price fixing problems and the
powers of the people There is to be
a fair and open discussion of subjects
that everyone should understand. The
congressman is direct from Washington
and brings his message of what they
think of the League in the east The
ladies are extended a special invita-
ton. Women will have an opportu-
nifty to vote on some of the candidates
at the next election and should be in
formed so they can use their powers
intelligently. The copy for an ad-
vertisement was sent to this paper
but was received too late for insertion
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1918-05-30

are giving US concert here tonight
which I'm sure will be good,
I've got it about figured out just
what you folks are doing about this
time; 'Dot" will be about to start
her school. Father and Jack will be
cleaning the seed graham glad I'm
missing that. Mother will be getting
"chow' ready and Ed will he pail
ing the old red COW and cussing his
hard luck. If you find the where
abouts of Joe give him my address
and urge him to write. l havn't got
to where any of our home boys are
likely to be yet, but hope to soon.
Its good job they don't charge US
for postage or it might take all my
francs to mail this. In closing 1 must
tell you that l never felt better in my
life and if possible am getting better
looking every day.
Pt. T. w. Lindsay,
l34th Company. End Replacement
Battalion U. S. M. c., American
Expeditionary Free, France.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1918-05-30
Tonight's Patriotic Rally

To-night's Red Cross patriotic rally
at the Auditorium comes as quite q
fitting finale to Langdon's observance
of this years Memorial Day, and it
is safe enough to forecast that the
turnout in attendance will be a large
and appreciative one, such as the pro-
gram appended fully deserves. 1t is
to start promptly at eight o'clock and
although there is to be no charge made
for admission there will be a collec-
tion taken up for the benefit of the
Langdon branch of the Red Cross.
This evenings patriotic rally is be.
ing held under the direction of the
Red Cross entertainment committee.
The program follows:
Music-Lorraine Orchestra.
Patriotic Musical Pageant-High
School Boys Glee Club.
Address-"The Red Cross, Its Ori-
gin and Work." by Mrs. DR.. Fergu-
son, of Pilot Mound, Man.
Music-High School Girls Glee Club
Four Minute Man-Geo. M. Price.
Tableau. 80 Tenting Tonight, -
With Music by Boys Glee Club.
Address Eight Months in a Gar
rison Town in Belgium Mrs. DR..
Ferguson of Pilot Mound, Man.
Song-"The Battle Hymn of the
Republic. Sung by Audience, led
by Mrs. DR.. Ferguson.
Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920, 1918-05-30
Viewed Old Land Marks Here

Robert keenan,, who was the first
representative sent here by the Jim
Hill line of railroads to act in the ca.
pacity of its depot agent-back in the
days when the town first got its start
and the old St. P. M. &. M. R'y was
extended to Langdon-renewed the
acquaintance of those whom he had
not seen in the past thirty years in
an over Sunday visit here, during
which he was the guest of Messrs ]. B..
Boyd and w. F. Winter. Mr.. keenan,
is now the northwestern salesman of
large Chicago clothing and gents
furnishing house and has for a long
time awaited the opportunity to again
meet those with whom he mingled
back in 1887, when Langdon first
made its appearance on the map as a
railroad town and the county seat of
Cavalier county. He will be recalled
as one of the three Keenans- Bob,
Billy and Charlie, all of whom played
part in the sscenes enacted when
Landgon was enjoying all the thrills
of being gay young town without
the sedative effect of curfew ordi.
ne nee, etc.