davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
SAMMIES FOIL FOE RAID
Heavy Fire Of Americans and
French Drive Enemy off.
U. 8. Artillery Effectively Drops
shsiis on German Troops and
Wagon Trains.

With the American Army In France,
April 1.-The American and French
battery IRE and machine guns smash.
ed what 10 believed to have been an
attsmpt by the Germans to raid the
American lines.
An enemy party was signaled to be
approaching q ravine between two
saiisnts in the Allied line. The
would-be raiders were preceded by
German barrage fire and at the same
time the enemy emitted smoke
clouds which, II was suspected,
screened infantry movements.
Since cavalry was BEL maneuver
ing In the German rear the day be
fore It was thought likely that a bis
raid was projected, but the tremend
ous Franco-American gunfire and
machine gun fusillades smothered it
the Germans not even reaching the
American barbed wire.
Continued activity back of the
enemy lines is being observed. Thurs
day night wagon trains entered Mont.
sec and Nonsard. Our artillery eff
fectively rained shells on wagon
trains within range and dropped 9th
ers into a body Of marching Germans.
Before the rain started the German
aerial activity was much increased.
Numbers of airplanes tried, some sue.
ceeding, to cross our lines at various
attitudes, obviously to photograph
and oberve our positions.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01

Insure buildings ana live stock In
the Farmers Mutual Tornado Insur-
ance company. Of Madison. s. ID. Or
ganized one year, 100000 OF In
a written first year. Rates
less than half Of old line insurance.
Covers Lake, Moody, Brookings.
Kingsbury, Miner, McCook and Min.
nehaha counties. See local repre-
sentatives. C. j. johnson. #. J. Krug
or J.. L. Sunde.
ANNOUNCEMENT.
l hereby announce myself as a can
didate for nomination to the office
of register Of deeds for Lake county
the voters of the county at the May
primary election.-Martin Nerdahl.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01

Sydney Jaffo, a New York boy. aged
fourteen, has returned home from
France after serving five months there
In the British trenches. He enlisted
at a British recruiting offics In New
York last June, giving his ag' IS eight
cen and being unusually large for his
age he was accepted and sent to Eng
land. He celebrated his fourteenth
birthday In the trenches at Ypres. Az
ter five months In the British army his
mother succeeded In securing his re-
lease and he was returned home. The
boy went "over the top" several times
during his experience at Ypres and
spent two months In a hospital suf-
fering from a shrapnel wound ~
ceived there.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01

the fnvestor ana TO encourage every |
one to save his money and lend II to
the government.
The plan offers the most direct In
centive to economize and. savo ever
offered to the people Of the country.
When the government makes 1t pos
sible for every one to know that by
saving 25 cents, which otherwise
would have been wasted. he al in
vest that % cents In a government OBJ
legation, 1t is a definite objective to
which each ones economy may be d.
rected.
VIII Benefit Whole Nation.
look upon the war savings CAM
paign which the department has now
inaugurated al promising the most
wholesome benefits to the American
people and producing fundamental
conditions that Will be of immense
help In financing as well as In u C
cessfully prosecuting the a
Interlocked with the question OF
small savings which al be invest
ed In War Savings stamps at interest
Is the question of large savings"
which can be invested In Liberty bonds
at interest. The men and m or
large and moderate means W a
greater duty, because they have a
large margin of income, to cut on self
indulgences, to deny themselves use
less and needless luxuries, to make
sacrifices that will effect genuine econ
omies and set an example to the ma
ton.
Every dollar saved represents &C
tual supplies saved and made available
for heroic soldiers and suffering civil
ians In Europe and America.
II Is easy to visualize the course OF
n dollar saved from waste and Invest
ed In government bonds: First Ii goes
TO the government as a loan for the
war; second, II is expended by the
government for food, clothing and am
munition, which go directly to a gal
liant soldier or sailor whose fighting
strength Is kept up by the food, whose
body Is kept warm by the clothing,
and whose enemy is hit by the am
munition.
Ii has not been expended In the pur-
chase of needless food and clothing
for the man at home, and is therefore
released for the use of the soldier ;
ii Is saved wealth to the man at home,
and can be loaned to his government
at interest, with resulting benefit to
himself and to his government.
Must Uphold Credit to U. 8.
We must realize that the govern
ment's credit Is vital TO the success Of
the war; that IL underlies every activ-
lty. II is a sacred duty of every citt-
zen, and 1t should be regarded as a
glorious privilege by every patriot 10
uphold the governments credit with
the same kind of self-sacriice and no
bility of soul that our gallant sons
exhibit when they die for us on the
battlefelds of Europe. 1t is as Inn
perative to sustain the governments
credit as Ii Is to sustain our armies
because our armies cannot be sus'
tanned unless the governments credit
is always above reproach.
The courage and of the
nation are so abundant that Ameri'
cas- success in the war is beyond Ques-
ton IL they are properly organized
and intelligently used. The economic
and financial condition of the country
was never SO strong and Americas
spirit was never more aroused TO the
Importance and necessity of going for
ward, resolutely and regardless of sue
rlfce, to the accomplishment of thu
great task to which God has called Us
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01

pound?' So ] did, and through It, /
found relief from my stuff Fer and /
really believe it saved my life. II does
not seem q though ! can say enough
in praise of this wonderful medicine for
the health Il has brought me. "--Miss
Cora LEE. HALL, West Plains, Mo.
Perhaps It may seem IN extrava.
CANT statement 70 say that this great
remedy saved : life; but women Ike
Mrs. Hall, to whom II has brought
health, appreciate the danger and
suffering they have escaped too well
to doubt IT! All who suffer should
try it Why risk life and healu.
without II?
For special advice write Lydia E.
Pinkham Medicine CO., Lynn, Mass.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
CAPTURE OF uUESSA DENIED

important Russian Port Held BY leu.
tons, Vienna Says.
Amsterdam. March 30.-Denial that
the Bolsheyiki have retaken the
Black Sea port OF Odessa is made of.
Totally In Vienna. II Is said the city
still 10 occupied By the Austro-Ger'
mans.
Official announcement has been
made by tina Russian government that
ODESSA has been recaptured by the
Hoashsviki after . desperate battle for
three days.
ODESSA 10 the most important Rus
sian port on the Black Sea.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
ANNOUNCEMENT.

l hereby announce myself as a re-
publican candidate for nomination to
the office of treasurer Of Lake county
at the May primary elections, subject
to the wishes of the voters.--Matt
Stauffacher.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01

AIDic CHolIlpo every
month 80 ] was I'M
able to do anything.
/ had tried every
doctor In est
Plains, also every
remedyIcould think
Of, without relief.
One daywhen ! was
suffering greatly .
friend was ct my
house and said,
Why don't You Try
Lydia E. Pinkham's
Ve0etabla Com
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
MORE COMING FOR TRAINING
5000 Signal Corps Troops 10 be Sent
to Mill City.

Minneapolis, March 30.-The war
department will put 5000 men into
Minneapolis for special signal corps
training within the next 80 days. The
entire strength of the Minneapolis
Civic and Commerce association and
all the of the board OF edu-
cation, the Dunwoody Institute. Uni
versity of Minnesota. and the State
Fair board will be modified under
direction OF a committee of five or
seven men. to handle the problem of
housing. feeding and training the col
diers.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
Would Draft Older Men.

Ned York, April LIN a fervent
speech before the Rotary club here.
Col. A. C. Dalton, head of the United
States army transport service, an
nounced he had drawn up a bill pro-
viding for the drafting of men be.
tween the ages Of 81 and As years for
preferred service. I'VE need three
men back OF the lines to every man
In the 'front.'" declared Col. Dalton,
"and the ~selective service act should
be changed so that the older men may
serve. Men of mature Judgment are
required for every sort of service
mil Y MARKET pEpnpT
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
4sth Aviation Cadet Killed.

Fort Worth, Tex. March 3o.-Rob-
ert Daniel Carwood. a cadet of the
royal flying corps at Banbrook, an
English aviation camp nea here, vas
killed when his .airplane fell while he
was doing a tail spin. His home was
in New York. This was the forty
fifth fatal accident to aviators here
since the aviation camp vas estab-
lished last October.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
CUT THIS ouT-IT Is WORTH
MONEY.

DON'T MISS THIS. Cut out this slip,
enclose with five cents to Foley & Co,
ASS Sheffield Ave, Chicago, Ill, writ
your name and address clearly. You
will receive in return a trial package
containing Foley's Honey and Tar Com
pound, for coughs. colds n Group. Fo-
ley Kidney Pills and Foley Cathartic
Tablets. Sold everywhere.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
ANNOUNCEMENT.

/ hereby announce myself as a re-
publican candidate for the office OF
county Judge Of Lake county subject
to the wishes of the republican voters
at the primary election, to be held
May 49,, 1918.-F. L.. Soper.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
ANNOUNCEMENT.

1 hereby announce myself as "a
candidate for treasurer Of Lake
1ty on the republican ticket, subject to
the will ofsfhe voters at the May pri-
mary elections.AOscar G. Olson.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
ANNOUNCEMENT.

1 hereby announce myself a an
didate for the nomination for the Of
flee of treasurer of Lake county, sub
ject to the will Of the republican
electors at the coming primary cleo
tion.-John HI. Bast.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
ALMOST A YOUNG MAN AGAIN.

T.. r. Whitehead, r. +. d. /, Norfolk,
Va. writes: II had been suffering for
more than q year.. but since taking Foley
Kidney Pills I feel almost a young man
again" They strengthen and heal weak
ened or disordered kidneys, stop sleep
disturbing bladder ailments, Danish
backache. rheumatic pains, stiffness.
soreness. Sold everywhere.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
ANNOUNCEMENT.

hereby announce myself as a Can,
didate for the nomination OF superin-
Etendent of schools subject to the de-
sision of the republican voters In the
coming Lake county primaries
June eEmry.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01

South st. Paul. April 1.-Estt-
mated receipts at the Union Stock
Yards: Cattle ESQ; calves, 76i hogs.
500: sheep, 1850; cars. 81.
Railroads entering ths yards report
ed receipts for the day by loads as
follows: Burlington, .; Milwaukee.
s; Rock Island. /; Omaha, 8; North
ern Pacific, /; 500. Z. Total, 81 cars.
Cattle.-Stesrs. $S00Q1o.75: cows.
$7Q9.50; calves, 376o014; hogs.
s16.70616.So; sheep and lambs. sls
OBS.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
kansas City Live stook.

Kansas City, April Hogs. re.
ceipts, 1000; higher; bulk. $4,000
1870; heavy. $18.4S016.7S. Cattle.
receipts, 400; steady; prime fed
steers, $l3614.25; dressed beef
steers. $11Q13.A; western steers,
$10Q14; stockers and feeders. $50
1915; bulls, $7.50@10.25; calves, $3.50
Q13.5O. Sheep, receipts, LOCO;
steady; lambs, $1S@19; yearlings.
$14.50616.25; wethsrs, e1S016.60.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01

stipation. Foley Cathartic Tablets are
just the thing for Indigestion, bilious
ness, gas on stomach, furred. tongue
headache, or other condition Indicating
clogged bowels. Cause no bad after eff
fects. Sold everywhere.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
Raising Bio Fund.

Reports from many sections of the
country indicate that the Salvation
Army's drive for two million dollars
to assist In financing the Organisations
war work In France. Is meeting With
success.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
she,, Kills American Woman.

Paris, April Miss Marion G.
Crandell, of Alameda, Calf, has
been killed by the explosion of a shell
in the French Soldiers Preside" at
the French front, where she was en-.
gagged as a canteen worker for the
Young Mems Christian association.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01

Minneapolis, April L. BUTTER
extra, per Id. 40c; extra
nrsts, 39c: irsts, 3Sc; seconds. Sic;
dairy. sic; packing stock, Csc.
EGGS.-Fresh primo hrsts. new
cases, free from rots, email oirtieE
and checks out, doz., 321kc; current
receipts, rots out. case. $9.45; checks
and seconds. doz. &c. Quotations on
eggs include cases.
LIVE POULTRY-Turkeys. fat. 10
lbs. and over, Csc; thin. small, 100
lie; cripples and culls, unsalable; old
ROSTERS, 1sc; ducks. Csc; geese, 22c;
1917 ROSTERS. 25c; le17 shaggy. 200
22c.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
FOR CITY COMMISSIONERS.

/ hereby announce my candidacy
for the office of city commissioners,
subject to the will of the voters at the
city election on April 16.-L. F.
Mulyey.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
COUNTY TREASURER.

/ hereby announce myself as a
candidate for the nomination OF
county treasurer subject to the de-
cision of the republican voters in the
coming primaries.-C. H. Roberts.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
DAILY MARKET REPORT.
MINNEAPOLIS Grain.

Minneapolis, April Oats, May,
s4Nc; No. 8 corn, $1.65: No. 8 white
oats, s0hs; barley, mailing. Sits;
No. 2 rye, s3.o0i No. / flax, s4osh.
Duluth Flax.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
We MUST Save
i TO WIN the WAR
Secretary McAdoo Sounds Note
of Warning.
BUSINESS As USUAL WRONG

Present Wasteful Spending Cannot
Continue Without Vital Conse-
quenees-of Utmost Importance
Nation Economize-Radical Read
Justment Is lmperatlve-War Saving
Stamps and Liberty Bonds Help.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01

Duluth, April l,-Flaxseed, May,
Sally; January, s&.0s; July. $685..
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01

Harrisburg. Pa, March 30.-Ths
Bethlehem Steel company has an
nounced a Is per cent increase :
wages, effecting labor In all
plants. The increase will be effective
April 16.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
ALIEN MILLS ARE SEIZED

Six German-owned Wooden Plants
Taken Over BY U. 8.
Washington, April Six great
Germanowned New Jersey WOODEN
mills with a total valuation of more
than $4,000 900, have been taken
over by the alien property custodian,
who has named governing boards of
directors to assume control Of them.
The earnings of the properties during
the war will go into the federal treas
ury for the purchase OF Liberty bonds.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-04-01
ChIcano Grain.
South 81. Paul Live Stock.

Chicago, April Corn, May
t1.25K; Oats, May. S5hc. ;
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1918-09-27
BELL 1as1-2356 UNITED
An Old Message
WHh n New NleAning

EDO your Christmas shopping early" old text with
National Defense has wisely decided that Christmas
giving is not to be discouraged But it has recommend
ed that the holiday shopping be extended this
year to take in the months of October November
and December. We have anticipated your desire to
comply with this request of the government and are
ready for you
This extension of the shopping is absolute
necessity We cannot employ extra force of sales
people to handle the holiday trade, but must endeavor
spread the business the entire period from
until Christmas. We must endcavor to encourage the
buying of useful gifts, although there is no objection
to the purchase of the countless playhngs which delight
the heart of childhood and without which Christmas
would not be Christmas.
We ready to help you. Are you ready to help
by making such purchases from time to time during the
weeks intervening between and the holiday
you have been accustomed make in former years
during the last two three weeks before Christmas?
1t is up to you. The holiday shopping season is
open.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1918-09-27
Athena and Munsing
Il COmblnatf0n of
Warmth and Comfort
FOUNDED 1871

This underwear is the best of
the better makes from which
the fastidious woman will easily
make her selection.
They are warm, yet not at all
heavy in weight; they fit snugly;
are durable and serviceable
qualities at a wide range of
prices.
Women's bleached vests and
pants - medium and heavy
weight cotton = long and short
sleeves, knee length and ankle
regular and extra sizes. Each,
$1.00 and SIPS.
w o m C n S union suits =
bleached and cotton - medium
and heavy weight - long and
short sleeves, ankle length and
knee length, each, $1.50 and $175.
Complete line of Munsing and
Athena underwear for women
ol and cotton, silk and wool vests
fleece lined union suits - white;
ce lined union suits - all sizes,
aud white yUoo1 ,nio, e,,;te a,ch
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1918-09-27
BUY YOUR
N6&a5BN NN6{&1{B8NE
NOW
Christmas Gifts NuSt BE Bought Earlv
christmas Gifts Must Be Bought Early

The Bowman Clu b
Plan offers many advant-
ages in purchasing a Vo-
Gallon, and if you join
now we will deliver at
once or hold until Christ
mas.
You know, the papers
have been full of re-
quests by Uncle Sam to
purchase Christmas gifts
two and three months
ahead to avoid traffic
congestion. The tracks
must at all times be clear
for troops and munitions
of war.
So the manufacturers
are obliged to ship us
early and we ask your
cooperation by making
early selection.
A small initial pay
ment delivers the Vo-
Gallon to your home. Con-
venient monthly pay
ment takes care of the
balance.
You will enjoy the mu-
sic from the Vocation.
The Graduola device used
teresting and entertaining
Visit the Aeolian parlor
Furniture Department.,
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1918-09-27
Shoes For Women From
Most Dependable Makers

Here is comprehensive and ex-
cellent stock of shoes in which you
will have no trouble at all in being
correctly and satisfactorily fitted;
and you will pay only a reasonable
price for any pair you select. Among
them are the famous Dorothy
Dodds.
Womens dark tan calf with mill
tary heel, high lace, $1,000.
Lady Walker shoe - narrow and
broad toe, in black-a good comfort
shoe with flexible sole, $500.
Light tan calf with turn sole -
Dorothy Dodd high top, with Louis
heel, $12.O0.
Gray shoes with military and
French heels - cloth and kid tops,
high plain toes and tip, 5000 to
$500. ~.
Floor.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1918-09-27
White Ivory Toilet Ware
For Christmas Gifts

Colonial qualify in many attractive pieces 1t none too
early buy these for Christmas At the suggestion of
Uncle Sam, all the leading stores of the country the
newspapers advising people get their gift purchases
done in October and November. In fact if you any,
thing out OF town after December the chances it will
go through the mails
MANY useful and artistic pieces here select from.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1918-09-27
Beautiful Yarns
For Knitting Purposes

The best woods here suited for knitting all the various
articles needed blythe soldier boys Get busy and knit thus
cooperate with the many patriotic of this city
For women's wool trimmings have developed into
features such collars, cuffs, etc.
Our line of Silk Shetland complete have
of the desired shades.
Mrs. E. R. Beck Minerva Yarn Demonstrators, leaves
evening. Consult her while the opportunity is still
here
BowMANS-Second
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1918-09-27

The Graduoa device used only the Vocation It very
teresing and entertaining.
Visit the Aeoian parlors the Fifth Floor adjoining the
Furniture Department. demonstration daily.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1918-09-27

BOWMAN'S-Main Floor.
Daily Kentuckian., 1918-07-14
|CO[ORfD
SUBSCRIPTIONS
REPORT OVER $1,000 sUBscRIB-
ED FOR WAR SAVINGS
STAMPS.
RED CROSS UNITS At WORK

In the campaign for War Savings
Stamps among the eolored people,
the reports which have come in SO
far show they have done exceedingly
we'll Their speakers and solicitors
have gone throughout the county en-
tightening and informing them as to
their duty and obligations IN this re-
spect They have held mass meet
ings at several points an dreports
show that they have subscribed more
than $4,000 and may reach $1,000
or $4,000 when all reports are in.
Red Cross unit No !, of Pembroke,
Of which Rev. W. j. Brown is the
prcSidcnt reported a subscription OF
$685.: and another unit Of the Red
Gross. Of which Rev. Hutchins Is the
president. reported 5000 subserib-
ed from the same place Their ef-
forts in this respect are credit TO
their race. The work has been done
under the direction and supervision
Of c. W. Merriweather Of the local
bar. TO whom, together with his as
sistants, belongs the credit for the
showing made.
Daily Kentuckian., 1918-07-14
BIG MIX PICTURE At THE REX

4 new Tom Mix picture is an
nounced for the Rex Tuesday. IL Is
called Ace High" The noted VIII
han Fox Star will appear IN a new
light and great deal Of interest IS
awakened thereby.
In this new drama he is a member
Of the Royal Northwest Mounted Po-
lice. and his exploits are largely IN
the midst Of the Canadian wilderness
However. the character that he pre-
sents is very much the same as that
which has appeared IN his former
productions. lie is the same daring
man and he makes love in the same
dashing way.
Tom Mix has been making a splen'
did record in the recent pictures thai
William Fox has given him. and
everybody is interested In anythint
that he may do hereafter.
Daily Kentuckian., 1918-07-14
BIG BLOWOUT
FOR 200 MEN
WILL BIZ STAGED ny coLoREp
PEOPLE WEDNESDAY NIGHT
TABERNACLE. 4

The colorcd people of liopkinsvi1lc
and Christian county are organizin ng
for n big mass meeting at the Tabcr-
nscle next Wednesday night in ho n
or of the 200 colorcd men who VIII
be selected TO leave Thursday mort.
ing for Camp Taylor There will bs
music and speaking.
Chorus Club.
Hiram Smith will he master of
ceremonies and Lewis Berry will in
troducc the speakers Of the evening
who is none other than Prof. J. W.
Bell, Of Darlington.
Prof. Bell Is one Of the best color
ed Y. NJ. c. a. secretarie 5 Of the
country and is a prominent educator
of his race. lie Is just back from
Washington. u. C.. where he attend.
ed Liberty conference and of which
he was secretary while inwashing
ton he called ON President Wilson
Vice President Thos. Y. Marshall
and Speaker of the House of Repre-
scntstivcs. Hon. Champ Clark. Prof
Bell will have much TO tell the color
ed people and others who desire t'
hear him.
The music will be furnished by th'
Chorus Club. "Nuf sed" about tn
music.
After the meeting at the Taber
nacle a banquet will be held at Frien'
shin Hall in honor % the speaker o
the evening J. r Whitney will b
ltnastmastcr.