davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1918-09-05
First Standing Army Was by Saul
of Israel.
From the Spokane Spokesman. Review.
The first standing army was formed by Saul. 1898

The first standing army was formed by Saul, 1893 B. G.
The catapult was invented by Dionysius 399 b G.
Inc SWORD came from ancient Egypt and was used throuphont
Palestine. Syria and Asia Minor, India and throughout the western
world. 1T was IN Egypt that the three shapes of the sword blade
originated, these beng the straight, the curved and the half curved
The Roman sword was larger than that of the Greeks and i'm the DAYS
OF the empire many OF the sheaths were Sc covered with precious
stones as to be veritable art treasures. Among the Moslams the
highest title gwen to a warrior of renown is the sword of Allah. -
The Chinese made swords Of iron as early as 1879 B. C.
Bullets OF stone were used in 1914, while bombs came into
general use IN 1864. Bomb vessels had their origin in France in 1851.
Flreshlps tlst appeared in the early part of the 10th century.
The use of cannon dates back to the year 1888. Artillery on
artillery odd inventions have a great place. Cannon have been made
OF the most unlikely materials. Leather was used as early as Henry
Wits day, at the siege of Boulogne. The Scotch used leather guns
in l64O to batter Lord Conways Notifications at Newbourne. Artil.
ley was first used in war by the Moors at Algeciras. Spain. in l34l
Cannon were first used by the English, by direction of the governor
of Calais. in 1888.
Iron bullets were first mentioned in the Foedera in 1550. Muskets
were first used in 14l4, during the siege of Arras, while chain shot
was a device OF a Dutch admiral, DE Witt, in 1866.
The bayOnet was invented in Bayonne, France. in 1910.
Pistols were first employed by the British cavalry i'm 1914. The
revolving chambered breech of the pistol was patented by Colt in 1885.
Muskets supplanted the bow and arrow among the British
soldiery in 1921. Spain was the first nation to equip foot soldiers
with muskets.
Leaden bullets came into use shortly before the end of the 18th
century.
The Mimic rifle was invented about 1888 by M. Mimic, of Vim
cennes. The battering ram had it's beginning with Artemones, AL. b.
O.. while the first army arranged in a regular line of battle was that
of Palamedes, of Argas.
Palamedes is credited with devSing the idea of placing sentinels
with pickets around a camp. The watchword as used bv scntipels is
supposed to have been his conception also.
The most famous cavalrynen of antiquity were the Parthians.
Thelr INVASION OF Ludea, ~ b. G., resulted in such terrible devastation
of the country that 100 years later the terrors of the Parthian invasion
gave the Apostle John the idea for oneo of his most vivid pictures.
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1918-09-05
Toad Eats cvtworma.

From the Popular Science Monthly.
The toad IL useful because of It's diet.
No fewer than s. species OF insects. most
ly Injurious. have been proved to enter
into its dietary. In his Civic Biology
american Book company. George w.
Hunter says: A o has been Observed
to snap up. 1z8 flies in. half IN hour. Thus
1t Allow estimate II could easily destroy
1.eoo insects during . day and do an im-
menss service to the GArden during the
guustnsr. Il has . estimated by Kirk
lepd that = single toad Hay. on account
Nm each. SEASON It i4v6o, ff the dsnaee
done ~ eorh se1timatods Ct
eoly lsoenE ,,Teads a1eee I'D upon ialnes
an6 othsr garden peGe0.
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1918-09-05

starved out, and in the early autumn OF
1915 he observes that 1T is impossible to
conceive OF the general breakdown of
nerves amongst this people," He has some
interesting comments on the early Ger
man plots In Mexico, at q time when
Germany protested sympathy with the
United States. and on the projected coup
d'etat to take place in Austria on the
death of Franz Josef, the succession to
the throne to be given to Austria alone.
with Prince Eitel Fritz as king Of Hun
gary. and possibly a Czech Kingdom in
Bohemia. The presidents peace note in
December, 1916, was received with en-
thusiasm in Germany. Writing a month
later. Mr.. Gerard regards 1t as an exceed
ingly wise move:
1t has made II very difficult for the
terrorists here to start anything which
the United States. The CHANCELLOR
Zimmerman, Stumm. have all ridiculed
the idea that Germany will go back on
then the peace note makes 1t easier
Tor America to enter the war on the
allies side with a clear conscience and
the knowledge on the part of the
people at Iome that the president did
Everything possible to keep us out OF
the mess.
OF the remaining chapters, the most
important. In view of recent events, IL
that on The Aims OF Autocracy.' The
kaiser alone could not a driven Ger
many into war, but his system could and
did. The first aim of autocracy is TO
keep it's own political position at home,
the second Is to obtain as much OF the
territory of other nations. as great Al in
fluence in unconquered lands as possible.
and the third is to make peace, but only
II 1t ~ a German peace. which can be
called and advertised and proclaimed 40
a German victory"
But the greatest prize OF all is the CONF
mercial' control of Russia which tho
autocracy hopes to win for It's merchant
class. Time and again l was told in
Germany that a separate peace with
ton OF Russia by the enterprising German
In a short time would repay
Germany for all the losses OF the war"
This was written before the collapse of
Russia and the bolshevist peace. And
further Mr.. Gerard declares his convic-
ton that even II Germany e%vacuates
France and restores the complete inde-
pendence of Belgium. even II no territories
are gained to the east or p~rotectorates or
independent states carved from the body
OF Russia to be later prey of Germany.
Germany will have won II German rule
Is predominant in central Europe''-in-
GLIDING the control Of Serbia, Rumania.
and Mesopotamia. In his survey of
"Austria-Hungary-the Kaiser's Vassal
State Mr.. Gerard declines to accept the
view that the assassination of the crown
prince was engineered from the inside
of royalty though admitting tina the
circumstance OF his burial lend confirma.
ton to the theory. But he does believe
that the war of 1914 was finally agreed
on at Konopisht. He writes with friend
liness, and even appreciation, of individual
Germans, but of the progressive deteriora-
ton OF German, and especially Prussian,
moral he has no doubt. The gist Of the
whole book is to be found in his quotation
from Goethe: ''The Prussian was born .
brute, and civilization will make him
ferocious."
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1918-09-05
HORSE MEAT SCHEME
HAD GREAT PROMISE
Promoters Soon to Be Placed
on Trial In Federal Court
at Chicago.

Chicago. Otto Breitkreutz, widely
known as Big Otto. the animal
trainer" and his business associate,
August Beneke, directors of the horse
meat syndicate" will be placed on trial
here o o on charges OF using the mails
to defraud. The men we're brought
here after having been trailed by post
office inspectors and arrested on op-
posite sides of the continent.
Horse meat at 10 cents a pound
will win the war;" was the motto Of the
syndicate. according to authorities.
who declare that the trial will develop
Unusual interest and that men promi-
nent in business me political circles
here will be called upon to testify.
B~reitkreutz, formerly promoter OF
the Big Otto Mine" took as a partner
In the ge~t-rich-quick syndicate, Frank
Kunza, a Chicago butcher. and the
Kunza Packing company was formed,
capitalized at 81. 900. 900. Kunza in
vested $1,000, said to be the only money
advanced by the partners" A plant
was rented, offices established and
statesmen hurried out to sell $1,000. 900
charges.
told how big Otto" the $50 pound
animal trainer, fired by a spirit of
patriotism. had studied out the horse
meat scheme. They said he had talked
with President Wilson. Food Admins
traitor Hoover, Lord Northcliff, buyer
for the allies, and others and all agreed
horse meat would win the war. The
statesmen further declared that q con-
tract for 20, 1000 barrels of horse meat
300 pounds to a barrel. had been OBJ
tanned at 10 cents a pound, T. O.. b. Chi
cago.
Tvsyn {H0,,coy,1 xlnll4r, 49,. -.-..Jl
be the minimum profit Of the Kunza
Packing company: horses were plenti-
full at SIS each; shin bones would bring
$50 a ton, other bones SO a ton. cas-
ings 81 each, hair from so cents to
$1.25 a horse, grease 81 a horse. Be
sides, the oil from horses hoofs was
valuable. And to top it off. the sales
pound with a contract for 5000, 900
pounds already signed, the government
charges. Statesmen received a COM
mission of 25 per cent Of all stock sold.
While most Of the buyers were
foreign butchers n other persons
with little knowledge Of get-rich-quick
schemes. 1t Is said that at least n in
fIuential merchant invested heavily,
and that other business men purchased
small blocks Of stock. When pros
perity began smiling on "Big Otto"
according to the government. he took
into the firm William Dunn and Charles
Green and gave each $4,000 worth of
stock. A city ordinance forbiddinR the
slaughtering of horses for food pur-
poses was to be repealed through the
Influence which Arthur Quinn,
known al Prince Arthur" said he had
with certain friends. the governments
Investigation showed. Suddenly post
office inspectors became interested and
the entire matter was placed before
the grand jury, which quickly returned
the Indictment against big Otto and
Beneke. They fled. according to tho
government. and were making plans to
establish SIMILAR concern in the east
when arrested.
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1918-09-05

by the perforated partition which IL
known to exist in the center Of the
projectile. When the shell is fred at
Ia high angle the liquid in the upper
end combines with that in the lower
chamber, and churned by the violent
rotation. produces at the moment Of
impact, three minutes later, q perfect
mixture. This would explain, 1t il said,
the ability of the charge to resist the
markable uniformity of the explosions,
Forest City press. (Forest City, Potter County, D.T. [S.D.]) 1883-19??, 1918-09-05
A Pair Exchange.

From the Pittsburgh Chronlclo- Telegraph,
A man who Q purchased semo curraa1
Guns It . bakery was distressed ON start
ing to eat one to find Il .contained . ny.
bun IN piaee Of the inhahlteA one.
I'm sagTy, sirs" said the siJeGvomau,
II can't Gavs ypu another bun, but e you
VIII hstag heck the ~ I win exchaage Il
for . ctfFane."
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1918-07-26
CGUR D'ALENE

Merritt Pratt, age Is, died near
Dudley from heart weakness caused
by diphtheria.
Attendance is growing at the
Baptist summer assembly.
The nomination OF Roy L. Black OF
Occur d'Alene, for attorney general
on the republican ticket has been
filed with the secretary Of state at
Boise by E. r. Whitia.
T. L. Quarles' name was flled July
% for renoIni nation to the office OF
sheriff on the democratic ticket, and
Ralph S. Nelson's name for state
senator on the republican ticket.
Eighty-three Kootenai county men
of the July draft left for Camp Lewis
Monday evening.
Geo. w. Flemming, democrat, has
been filed for denomination as CON-
missioner for the third district.
Occur d'Alene business nen at a
meeting last week went back to the
business hours 10 vogue prior to the
order issued by r. F. Bicknell.
Last Saturday NJ. G. Whitney, re-
publican, was filed for renomination
for the Office of probate Judge, Robt.
G. Egbers. republican, for the office OF
county superintendent Of public in
struction. and Bert A. Reed. republi-
can, for prosecuting attorney.
James G. Jensen, who has beer
employed for the past several years al
foreman on the ST. Joe Construction
Co.'S. dredger, has enlisted 10 the U
S. Engineers reconstruction corps.
For stealing two huCdfed pound
Of hay. valued at 81, Ray Simpkins
of Post Falls, was hued $50. II
admitted taking the hay from th
Montague place with the intention c
seeing Mr.. Handy, hired mao, VIII
he thought was the owner, and pa.
ing him.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1918-07-26
Pavilion Burned.

Fire of unknown origin about z
O'Clock Sunday morning destroyed tne
nayilion at Dellar beach, Twin Lakes,
together with the gasoline launcn
"Gyp." which was moored nearby.
The building was valued at approx
mately $500 and the launch at 5000.
The amount of insurance, II any,
could not be learned. The pavilion
was purchased recently by G. Malm'
strom.
Neighboring cottages for time
were endangered by the flames aoo
onlv strenuous efforts on the part ol
occupants saved them Ine nrt
protection system was inadequate ano
bucket brigades were formed, many
women assisting 10 the work.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1918-07-26
SPIRIT LAKE

Spirit Lake now has a price COM
mittee.
Fred Howard was arrested last
week for fighting with Dan Haley
over the possession OF bottle OF
moonshine whisky. Howard was re-
leased under $l00 bonds which he
forfeited.
At the Lake county meeting Mon
day afternoon delegates were present
from Spirit Lake, Rathdrum and
Athol and the line OF division was
fixed few miles south of Rathdrum
practically on the same liue as two
years ago.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1918-07-26

Senator Atherton expressed himself
a. being opposed TO the calling OF a
constitutional convention during the
war period, at least. The last legis-
lature voted to submit the PROPOSE
tion to the people at the general
election this fall aud it will be decid.
ed at the polls whether this conven-
tion shall be called or not. Senator
Atherton is Of the opinion IL would
cost the state $1,000 TO hold con.
stitutional convention and he does
not believe the conditions warrant
such an expenditure.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1918-07-26
FROM OVER TIE COUNTY
POST FALLS

The Presbyterian ladies gave an
ice cream social on the ALI Webster
lawn Tuesday evening.
Charles Eisenhauer Of Co. A, 18th
infantry, came home last week from
Camp Fremont, Ualif., on a ten day
furlough TO see his brother. in.law,
Hugh Hall, who was severely injured
by being struck by log.
The grain crop, generally speaking,
is light, and much hay and oats
hardly worth cutting.
The Post Fails Water company
placed restrictions on use OF water
for lawns and gardens.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1918-07-26
JUDGES OF ELECTION
Named For KOOtenai County
Precincts.

The county commissioners last
week appointed the election judges
and designated the polling places for
the SO precincts. Following are the
Judges for t3e precincts in northern
Kootenai county:
Athol-Judges, f. J. Andrews, Al
Williams, Mrs. Beatrice Snyder;
counting judges, S. ]. Roseboro, John
Mcclellan, Mrs. J. B. Peterson.
Belmont-Judges. John Ford, Robt
Pope, Samuel Sheppard.
Bayview-Judges, Martin Bur-
roughs, W. B. Emerson, VIM. Ander-
son.
Hayden Lake-Judges, VIM. Boekel,
Jesse Dennisou, Mrs. A. S. Kern
kamp; counting judges, May A.
Strahorn, Ed Woodsde, s. j. Klepfer
Hauser-Judges. A. P. Hite, r. G.
Wildwood, Alex Peters.
Pleasant Valley-Judges, Henry
Shayler, JEFF Taylor, E. ]. Young.
Post Falls-Judges, II. j. Deck
Sherman Smith, Marion Smith
counting judges, John Handy, A. j
Shanks, John Peters.
Rathdrum-Judges, Ernest Reini
ger, Mrs. Winnie Ford, f. o. Hill
counting judges, M. B. Layton, Ros-
coe Satchwell, Nels Nelson.
Rimrock- Judges, +. e. Cole
Helen Blummstiel, L. p. Trueblood
Spirit Lake-Judges, T.J. Coleman
Mrs. J. G. Benson. e. F. Conklin
counting judges, Mrs. Kate Dyer, A
L. EARN, Mrs. 9. B. KlOpf.
State Line-Judges. L. V. Lyon
Chas. Trlgg, Mrs. Maude Kyle.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1918-07-26
Out For Governor.

State Senator S. P. Atherton, OF
Twin Falls county, was in Rathdrum
Wednesday on tour OF north Idaho
10 the interest of his candidacy for
the republican nomination for gov
ernor.
In discussing the policies he be-
lieves should be inaugurated in the
state, Senator Atherton gave empha-
sis to the importance of supporting
the war program. He has one son now
in France, another Ia training at an
aviation camp preparatory for over.
seas duty. In discussing his position
in the coming campaign, Senator
Atherton said:
The greatest problem before US at
the present time is the complete
mobilization and coordination OF all
our resources for the prosecution of
the war to quick and complete
victory for human freedom. It is a
time when the biggest and best men
should be called to the service Of the
state to guide its course through this
war.
II do not promise to save million
dollars or to give you a taxless state
or any other unreasonable proposition
that l have not the possibility OF full
filing IL elected. The governors
Office is largely a business Office.
should bring my best Judgment tc
bear on all questions and see thai
energy and economy prevailed 10 tht
departments and everybody given ;
square deal. 10 my judgment that II
all any man can honestly promise a
this time. Questions Of what woult
be the best policy are Of course boun'
to arise 10 the course OF guberna
torial term. AS they should come nj
to me l should endeavor to decid
them on their merit, with due regar'
to the opinions of men Ut know
! ability and integrity"
Senator Atherton came to Idah
ten years ago and located near Twi
E Fails, and has since been engaged |
| farming. His support of prohibitio
( had much to do with his entranC
e into the arena of politics. He wa
state senator of Twin Falls county
y the legislature IN 1917.
Among other items OF intere'
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1918-07-26
The Powers of County Councils of
Defense.

Sl 1hiS HCdd Tic OLlCldl or
gan Of the Idaho State Council of
defense says:
The power to do great good. to
stimulate interest in war work. to
strengthen the morale of the Sec
ond line of defense, that the boys
who have gone to the front may
know the last man, woman and
child are behind them as one, to
stamp out disloyalty, to right those
who have failed to comprehend
their duties as true, loyal American
citizens, and to punish those who
persist in insidious attacks upon
their country by allowing their
sympathy to be drawn by the
enemy rather than the land of their
adoption, is unlimited.
Ever since the Council of
National Defense was organized
and in turn proceeded with the or
ganizatlon of state units in state
councils of defense which created
and shaped into effective fighting
machinery county and community
councils of defense. there has been
an inclination on the part of some
people to deride the efforts of these
war bodies-for they are such
and to depreciate their work,
claiming they are without power,
without the backing of law and
without police assistance to put
into force and effect their man
dates.
1t has been very properly, and
we believe very wisely, pointed
out in numerous addresses by E.
A. Bryan, chairman of the state
council of defense, that the very
fact the councils are without statu.
tory power given them by law,
makes them all the more powerful.
This is significant statement. II
is worthy of the closest analysis.
1t is a basic truth which cannot be
denied.
County councils have behind
them the greatest of all power
The moral backing of the people
who 90 to make up the govern
ment. They are creation OF the
times when emergency action /:
necessary to deal with difficult anc
irving problems. Backed by thi!
no county council of defense II
Idaho need fear to strike at sedi
ton and treason, at disloYalty o
traitors. Backed by this no count
council need hesitate to proceed
with the carrying out of the man
dates of the government; nor nee'
it be backward in calling to tn
strictest account those who ar
pulling back in the harness and NO
. doing their full duty either militar
or financial. They have benin
| them the arm of the military rath
y er than the civic authority
y weapon for right that should ad
0 minister stern justice, temPere
T always with mercy.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1918-07-26
GERMAN NDIVINEQUITS
Rev. SChmid Leaves RathdTum
After Hearing.

Following his hearing Thursday
night of last week when he was
called on to explain why he object
ed to the ringing of the German
Methodist church bell in celebra-
tion of the successes of the Ameri-
cans and allies, and at which time
his answers to questions put to him
did not entirely satisfy the crowd,
Rev. H. G. Schmid and his family
are leaving Rathdrum.
On Saturday Mr.. Schmid, who
has been pastor of the German
Methodist church here for nearly
two years, requested Miles F.
Egbers of the county council OF
defense to announce that he. Mr..
Schmid, had decided to leave
Rathdrum and that he would move
away within the ensuing ten days.
Before leaving, he called upon and
thanked citizens who, while they
helped to demand an explanation
of his attitude, had protected him
fro,n possible. violence.
The hearing given the German
pastor was one OF the later Incl
dents OF the rousing patriotic dem
onstration, mentioned last weck,in
which hundreds of citizens joined
and all the bells in town were rung
in celebration of the brilliant sue
cesses achieved by American
forces on the first day Of the coun-
ter offensive to drive the Germans
back from the Marne. Two young
women entered the German church
by window to ring the bell.
Later a man appeared who had a
key that fitted the lock and the
door was opened. When the Ger
man pastor was informed of these
proceedings he objected and
threatened prosecution. His views
were conveyed to the crowd down
town and aroused great indigna-
ton. He was Immediately sent for
and reasons for his objections to
ringing the bell on such an occa-
sion were demanded amid threats
of violence and forcible expulsion
from the community. From an
open window of the Office of
Attorney Miles F. Egbers, he
stated that he could not permit the
bell to be rung without consent OF
the church board, members OF
which reside in the country and
could not be reached by phone on
account of the afternoon storm.
This answer, conveying the sug-
gestion that the church board may
disapprove the ringing of the bell
on a patriotic occasion, did moi
please the crowd. Replies to ques'
tions were characterized as hest
tating and evasive, but the crowd
was finally satisfied in a measure
, when Mr.. Schmid made speech
9 declaring loyalty and waved a fiae
that was handed to him. He wa'
then escorted to his home.
A petition was circulated thi
week requesting the German
. Methodist conference not to assigI
another pastor to this charge un
: less he is a thorough American ant
fully imbued with the patriot
| Soirit of the times.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1918-07-26

Ever since the war began the Sal.
vation Army has been across the
Atlantic doing welfare work, but
until now it has been fnanced by It's
own organization. It's frst drive for
funds is on now and will continue
until the first of October. The
United States will be called upon for
SIS, 900, 900 OF which Idaho IS sched.
uled TO furnish $50, 900.
The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903-1963, 1918-07-26

hne not exceeding $500.
This law provides method of
voting in addition to that provided
by other statutes.
The record. [volume] (St. Maries, Idaho) 1913-1918, 1918-03-29
NO DRAFT IN IDAHO
FOR BIG LOAN DRIVE

1t is not anticipated that Ida
no will be required to exercise
the draft" to get willing work
ers behind the third liberty loan
drive, although other states have
rcsorted to this plan of proce-
dure, drawing men from all walks
of life to perfect the orgasization
so that the drive will be success
full. Idaho is considered one of
the best organized states in the
union, and because of the exist
ence of many county councils,
organizations are within the
reach and use of those who will
direct the state drive. Organiza-
ton for the drive is considered in
n good way. Reports received at
state headquarters indicate that
nothing will be left undone to get
it started promptly.
The army bugle is the mouth