Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-11-11

SGfrcrisn n matter of studied policy.
SUI terroItsm was directed not only
$S&ainat individuals but against nations,
my only hostile nations. but those with
eaWhom Germany was officially at peace.
w system OF espionage. corruption
4Ao violence extended throughout the
sWprid. 1t was eNemplified by the plots
Ssie0 out In this country under d-
aectlon or the government for the de-
aStTuction OF munition plants and ships
oetore the United States entered the
war and by the effort OF the German
Eovernment, to embroil this country.
Mexico. No capital OF Europe was free
from Germantsecret agents in the years
1h' Pre- the war; and the. nations
military machine which Germany was
building up, to the accompaniment of
Inc Emperor's boastings OF the "shin-
the world.
END OF GREAT CONFLICT
tSosaES WITH DRAMATIC sWIF>TNESS
The virtual ending OF this greatest
swiftness. Four months ago to-day.
the German military power, appar-
entity entity was at it's height. The un-
tered their way through the French
danger. Az
With the news of an allied counter
attack Between the Aisne and the
! Marine, The Germans were hurled
pack, and since that day the victorious
tanned.
Various causes have contributed to
thts reversal. The entrance of America
into the struggle. with her vast re-
sources of men and materials. is con-
Seded by the allies to have turned the
sWaa One of the most important
the wearied allied nations and n cor
responding deterioration Of German
. moTale. Exhaustion OF German raw
ma terial and years of SemiStarva ion
assisted In the process OF beating down
the enemy into submissive frame OF
n1ind. It is also significant that the
eestahlishment OF allied supremacy In
;, Tue he!d almost svnchroni2cd with the
iunihSation of military control and the
APPOINTMENT e,nnl Of F"ch to The pos, of
mentators. without execution. Law stress
upon the importance of leadership and
the genius OF Foch in stcmming and
rnai,v turning tho tide
AMONG INDrV'Dr>I. rr.nrnS
4 Ann FnCrr. I"TEI,E sND uAIc
among the individual leaders, aside
& rom Foch, whose names stand out
most prominently. are Marshal Joffrc,
VINO saved France in her darkest days
or the summer of 1914; Field Marshal
aaig. the British commander; General
forces: General Diaz. who, on the Itnl-
ian front, bent back last summers
Great Austrian offensive and later tore
the Austrian armies to pieces in a few
weeks. and General PershinC.
On the German side are Won linden
ourS, comparatively obscure officer.
Mho leaped into Worldwide fame by
MS defent OF the Russians in 1914 and
subsequently became the idol OF Ger
many. and General Ludendorff. who.
a.though frequently credited with be-
ing the ADLER of the two, never touched
league.
It was in June, 1914. that the world
was stirred by the murder in Sarajevo,
Bosnia, OF Archduke Francis Ferti-
Ennd. the Austrian heir-apparent, and
MS Wife. Austria. backed by Germany.
and made demands which Serbia ac-
cepted in part. Austria would not
agree to arbitrate the demands not ac-
cepted by Serbia. and the foreign Of
fees in London, Paris and Petrograd
then st. Petersbnrg) failed to swerve
Austria from her course. Austria
1914. by attacking Serbia. and within
a. week Germany had Joined her. while
France, Great Britain and Russia had
thrown their forces against Germany
number OF nations involved Increased
until the conflict became the greatest
In the history OF the world
FATEFUL AUGUST 1, 1911,
MARKED THE BEGINNING
Declaring war on France. Germany.
on August !, 1914. threw her armies to-
ward France by way of Belgium
through luxembourg. Fighting for
inc maintenance of their neutrality the
SeiEianS checked the oncoming horde
for 4 time. hut within two months the
Prussian armies were within Il few
miles OF Paris.
had arrived. If a battle of dramatic
changes tho enemy hordes were hurled
back to north of the Marine.
Turkey soon entered the war on the
ia t,a
allies. Bulgaria came in with Ger
many, and Serbia and Montenegro were
ee.y.errun. On April 9. 1917, the United
peaceful means to conduct her ruth
less submarine warfare in keeping
3 with international law. threw her
At that time the inlperiaT government
of Russia had been overthrown and n
provisional democratic government in
In Italy the armies OF King Victor
Emanuel were driven back by the Aus
f hr,1sb In France ha the French and
lines with little apparent results
AMERICAN TROOPS STEM
TIDE THREATENING DEFEAT
The autumn OF 1917 witnessed the
retreat TO the Pave line. Almost
simultaneously American troops APP
Reared on the western front for the
nrst time. while the French and British
armies were holding positions Of strate-
gic importance from the North Sea to
Switzerland During the winter OF
%1sl7- lPlS American aid became more
effective and Russia dropped out be-
cause Of the Bolshevik coup
Germany, at the beginning Of 1915
announced her purpose TO end the war
Ply an offensive in France. II was her
last mighty effort. and for weeks the
world wondered when the enemy hordes
would be stopped. The turn in the
fighting came on July Is. when Mar
shall Foch launched the Americans and
French in an attack. Since that fate
" full day for Germany. the allied armies
on all fronts have met with continued
success.
Germanys ultimate defeat became
; more certain as the summer advanced.
The first break In the ranks of tho
central powers came with the detection
OF Bulgaria late in September Turkey
signed armist!ce terms the last of Octo-
Der, and Austria Hungary rendered the
Z white nag TO Italy on November {. when
hoEtflitles ceased on all the Austrian