davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-20
IT'S UP TO THE FARMER TO BUY WAR SAVINGS STAMPS
5OO,OOO,OOO Cans of Fruit

Last summer 600 women and girls in B southern states put up more than 20o,ooo,ooO cans of fruit and vegetables and 5,OOo,OOo pounds of dried fruits and vegetables which would probably have been wasted otherwise. These figures are arrived at by taking 50 per cent of the average of more than e00000 reports turned in by 500 women agents who were employed last summer in home demon stration and canning club work in the southern states.
 This was a splendid work, both from the viewpoint of individual and nationa1 economy. To the individual it meant time well spent at labor worth while, smaller bills at the store last winter January when neighbor less wise found her table bare of any green stuff or fresh fruits and vegetables To the na- tion it meant less hauling of foodstuffs #on our congested railroads, and more meat, wheat and commercial canned goods for our allies and our own boys in Europe.
 This year the army purchasing board is demanding of the great commercial packers and canners nearly half of their entire output This means that the sup ply of canned goods to domestic con- sumers will be greatly reduced and that the work of the women and girls this summer with their home canners wiu be one of the most important of the necessary war works.
 What will the answer be? Are these brave women and bright-eyed girls of today made of the same stuff as their mothers and grandmothers, who went through the terrible days from 1861 to 1865? Indeed they are; and all summer long they will labor cheerfully for the sake of their sons, brothers and sweet hearts in the army and navy. By au- tumn there will be stored away in south ern homes against the coming of winter at least 5oo,o00,O00 cans and 10,00009 pounds of dried fruits and vegetables. Who can say how important bearing this will have on the final outcome of the war?
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-20
Another War Crop

While we are urged to STOW all the poultry possible this year. We must take into consideration the problem of feed- ing the fowls. Much or the poultry is to be used as meat in late summer. autumn and winter but we are urged to save the hens for laying eggs which will in a great measure take the place of meats during the winter. If we are to produce eggs, we should consider what to grow that will help to produce the desired laying qualities in our hens.
 Some poultry experts have declared that a big head of sunflower seeds properly fed to laying hens will produce dozen eggs. Of course just to cast head of sunflower seeas to the fowls will not result in our Gathering dozen eggs, but the claim is that if the hens arc properly housed and cared for during the winter months, and the proper food IS given in the way of grains in the proper pnoportioa, with the sunflower seeds judi ciously added the result will be as above stated. At any rate, it is well known that sunfiower seed contains the right kind of nourishment to put hen Tn proper condition for laying, and it IS known it pays to have these seed to mix in with other feed, and it will pay us to grow sunflowers this season when other grain is so high in price.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-20

It isn't too late to plant late potatoes in all sections of the United States, say specialists of the United States depart ment of agriculture, who are recommena- ing that all available space in gardens be used for this crop to safeguard home supplies and to reduce transportation.
 Their recommendation is made despite the fact that potatoes require more space than most garden crops, and should not be planted in small gardens to the ex- ciusion of other vegetables. One busati of seed potatoes will plant one-tentn cf an acre or plot A by 100 feet, and will produce enough potaloes for the use Of family of five during the winter. At present there is surplus of old potatoes on the market and sufficient seed cln fe obtained at reasonable prices. It IS suggested therefore that seed be used more literally than last year, and that F to 15 bushels of seed be used per acre It is also urged that city authorities and managers of large corporations ar. range for the use of unoccupied and and have 1t plowed, prepared and assignet tor potato growing. It is suggested that
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-20
Wade's Letter


 Phere seems to be an oversupply of COW peas and a few unsold soy beans on the market that are being offered at very reasonable prices. These peas and beans should all be purchased and planted on the wheat and oat stuobles and idle lands during the month of June. Peas can be planted as late as the middle of July, but the earlier the better. You cannot produce too much hay of this kind. The country has never had enough COW pea and soy bean hay produced in any one season Early sowing means more and better hay. It will be ready to cut before cotton picking and general crop gatn- ering time arrives. It ripens before the hot weather is gone and requires less time and weather risk for curing storing, and reduces the danger of blue mold. If we are ever to make Ala bama live stock country, as it should he, more legume hay such as COW peas and soy beans must be grown If we ever improve our soils and use less commercial nitrnsan, it must be done by sowing Iegumes on all stubbles and idle lands. These pea and bean stub bles will come in very handy this fall as a wheat patch or for corn or cotton next year Many people are already sowing their peas and beans. It is to be hoped that the farmers will not put this off any longer than can possibly be helped.
 The new crop of white potatoes un- fortunately cama on the market in competition with a large surplus of old crop potatoes and the price has sagged to unprofitable figures. These potatoes should be saved from waste. Potato growers have been advised to Ilet the potatoes stay in the soil until the surplus is largely used i,p and a better demand is created. The idea of allowing potatoes to remain in Inc soil for keeping is temporary and good for only three or four weeks. If all lowed to say in the soil all summer, grass and weeds will infest them to the extent of making harvesting diff cult The use of the land for other crops will be lost. The potatoes will turn loose the vine and large per cent will try to germinate or rot when subjected from dry to wet conditions.
 In dry weather potatoes lose part Df their moisture. They can be harvested in this condition and spread out on tho floor of vacant houses or barns with the doors or gables open. allowing free air circulation where they will con- l tinueto dry and keep well. The diffi- culty in keeping potatoes through the summer usually comes from harvesting {, from wet soil. too much moisture in ] potatoes and rough handling, result l ing in skinnilg and bruising, and stor- l ing in bulk or in hot or damp storage ] places without dry air circulation. If l potatoes are harvested from dry soil, carefully handled and spread in dry storage withS air circulation, they will 1 keep better than in the soil. The land
 can be planted in corn. sweet potatoes, l peas or soy beans and produce a more profitable second crop than the first 1 one. Potato patches are generally se- i feet, fertile soil. well fertilized, and | it is important that the potatoes be i harvested. preserved. and the soil con- l verted to another crop.
 ]. A. WADE,
 Commissioner of Agriculture and In- 1 dustry.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-20
PLANT YOUR FALL STUDS NOW

they could rLrchase seed in large qnan- t1ties and furnish it to the growers at a price Just enough above cost to cover handling and shrinkage. Where fertll- izers are needed they can be secured in the same manner
 The demand for potatoes as means for COTS crying wheat and other focds IS becoming greater. Because of the pres sure on transportation facilities it IS te- shed that more potatoes he produced near where they are to be coaSi4med. The large production of potatoes ia hor1e gardens and in small patches during the season of 1917 is thought to have pie- ve.ted a potato shortage last inter ln many sections O. the country during the time that cold winter prevented ship rents.
 late potasoes can be planted altel peas lettuce, radishes, onions, aac other early garden crops are removed. The second crop of potatoes in the southern states can be planted as late as from August 1 to 15, using either hoid-over cold storage seed or first-crop potatoes 5 seed.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-20
New Use for Soy Bean

While the soy bean has been grown in the United States primarily as a forage crop, its availability as valu- able food for human beings is being given increasing attention. Many schools of cookery and domestic science in this country, as well as home econo- mics experts and home demonstration agents of the United States department of agriculture, have shown that drled beans can be used successfully in the same manner as navy beans. The va riety and palatability of the ways in which the beans can be served make them a desirable article of food.
 When prepared like the ordinary field or navy beans, the soy beans should be soaked for 10 or 12 hours or more, if necessary, and boiled slowly. The boiled soy beans, like boiled navy or field beans, may be seasoned and used as the principal part of meal, as they Aas UT may be made into bean loaf, bean eroquettes or other dishes.
 When soy beans are three-fourths or more grown the seed make palatable and nutritious green vegetable.
 If the dried beans (yel1ow or yellow ish-green varieties) are soaked for a few hours then finally crushed Gas in a meat grinder) and boiled in three times the amount of water as of bean material for about 30 minutes, milky emulsion is obtained which is similar in appearance and properties to cows milk. The addition of either magne- sium chlorid or calcium sulphate Cabout a 1 per cent solution) to soy-bean milk precipitates some of the proteid sub stances, forming a grayish- which curd which settles out, leaving a yellowish watery liquid. This curd, after being drained and pressed, represents the tofu or bean curd extensively eaten in China and Japan. Soy or shoyu sauce is a dark brown liquid prepared from mix ture of cooked and ground soy beans, roasted and pulverized wheat or barley, salt and water, inoeulated with a cul- ture known as rice ferment and left in casks to ferment for six months to a year or longer. The liquid obtained is used in many countries, including the United States, as a sauce for meat or vegetab les.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-20
To Make Woolens Last

Conservation of clothing is as neces- sary as conservation of food, especially conservation of woolen clothing Not the
 least danger to flannes, sweaters and
 other wooden garments is poor laundry work.
 The home economies department of the University of Wisconsin recommends the following method for washing wooden clothing. especially flannel shirts and sweaters:
 Soak the garment for at least an hour in cold or lukewarm soapsuds. It may be soaked as long as 10 or 12 hours. Then agtate 1t very lightly in the water, using plenty of water. Do not rub out on wash board Rinse in water of the same tenn perature. Wiring out carefully and hang up immediately to dry In the summer, l hang it in shady place; in the winter, hangs in the sun.
 Never use water warmer than luke warm in any part of the washing. Do not boil. Do not rub, wiring or twist 1 garments roughly or tightly. Release 1 the pressure on the wringer. Do not 1 use strong soaps or washing powders. l The stock soap solution is recommend l ed for washing both silks and woolens; One small sized cake of good neutral soap cut or shaved into small pieces, l one quart of water heated until the
 1 soap chips are dissolved, one cup borax,
 1 Use enough cold water to cover: let the garment stand overnight in the suds.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-20

That Tennessee has moved up to fourth place among the states as a breeder of Aberdeen-Ang cattle, was the an- nouncement of Secretary Charles Gray of the American Aberdeen-Angus Breed CTS association, upon returning to Chi cago from a tour of Tennessee recently
 Furthermore, what Tennessee has al
 ready done is only beginning to what it will do in the next 10 years, he in
 sists, for this state is becoming the
 pure-bred Aberdeen-Angus seedhouse fo, the entire south
 The ''Doddie breed has had TO-
 mantle. if short, history in this state. and Blount county, in the east, and Har- deman county, in the west. down next to the Mississippi line, share the honors in extremes of farming conditions. When John Hitch years ago paid $50 for a registered Aberdeen-Angus COW. he wa safraid to tell any of his Blount county neighbors flor fear they would have his head examined" Yet only a flew weeks ago John Hitch and his neigh bors held d sale of these black cattle at Knoxville that broke all records for the south. Young Duncan, a neighbor, 1 recently went to a Chicago sale and paid
 
 Dr. J. l. Huggins. paid $l750 for a herd bull up in Illinois. And at the Ames plantation, down at Grand Junction, a l man came from Texas after failing to l find what he wanted in Iowa and Mich | igan, to pay 5000 for a yearling bull to take back to head one of the greatest herds in the southwest
 1 WRITES HISTORY
 | In the past year the world has seen | rJ,1 A daa A n some
 of the most important live stock history i in a decade From the Ames panta-
 ton came the grand champion bull of l the breed, Ames Plantation Beau. at the international Live Stock exposition. Chicago, an honor never before going
 to the south From the same plantation came the grand champion calf of Can-
 ada, Annes Plantation Blue Boy, winning at Brandon, Calgary, and other boys calf club contests. and finally winning grand championship for fat steers as ! Edmonton, Alberta, this spring, Never | vas there a z greater exhibition of 9 breeds adaptability to changes of eli mate and surroundings.
 Tennessee can also lay some claim i, to Ed Hall, feeder of the grand cham pion carlot of fat steers at the last l Chicago show. MT Halls grandfather was one of the pioneer cattle feeders ,i I Tennessee, and many of his feeding SC 4 crets were worked out there. His l9l' grand champion steers sold at the world : record price of s42.5 a hundredwelght l oyer s24 above the best load of short horns shown at this show.
 1 The steep hills of Blount county havt ,been a severe test that has knocked one breed out of eastern Tennessee and pu' l the A Aberdeen-Angus in the lead. Iht hills are so steep that quite frequently the calves of one breed cannot get III I when born. though MT Hitch claims h' I has never lost calf from his Aberdeen Angus cows on this account. Further
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-20
Peanut Butter
 Easy to Make


 Peanut butter. which has become very popular for use in soups, gravies, in connection with macaroni. and for sandwiches, can be made at home by grinding roasted peanuts through food chopped several times. using the nut knife Add salt to taste. This makes a paste which may be thinned with a little cream or milk if desired. The method has been tested by the office of home economies of the United States department of agriculture. Another sandwich filling may be made by the following recipe: One cup milk or water 1 tablespoon flour, F tablespoon water, egg, tea spoon salt, tablespoon sugar 1 table spoon butter or other fat. A cup vine- gar, red pepper, cups roasted peanuts ground fine.
 Heat the milk and while it is heating mix the flour with the water and add eggs, salt and sugar To this mixture add the heated milk. Cook five min utes, stirring constantly. Then add butter. vinegar and ground peanuts.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-20
Recent Jersey Records

{ Two new Jersey records were estab-s 1shed at the sale of Jerseys held by Edmond Butler at Mt Kisco. N. r., on May 2d
 Considerable excitement and enthusi- asni prevailed at the sale, especially when William Poss Proctor of Barryville,
 N. Y, after lew moments of spirited bidding, offered the record price for Jer-
 sey cattle, $10,000. for the COW Oxford Briar Flower. She is a daughter of the
 bull Oxford Majesty, made famous by
 achievements of his progeny in the show ring and at the milk pail, and, in addi- ton to being an animal or splendid type, she holds many notable Island of Jer- sey records as a butter producer and show winner
 The 60 head of Jerseys averaged s100l. The best previous average at a Jersey sale was $952, made at the n. s. Cooper sale in 1885, The former record pricel for Jersey COW was s70oo, paid for Lady
 Viola at public auction in 1911 The sale was held on the day following the 18th anIu uaI meeting of the American Jersey
 Cattle club, on which occasion the of ficers announced that the club had just ended the greatest year in it's history l in spite of war conditions
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-20
DRAFT HORSE REPRODUCTION OFF

tion in the world producing any sur plus of this kind, and only few states in the union have the foundation from which to rear surplus of heavy horses. The states east of Ohio and south of the Ohio river do not pro- duce enough draft horses and mules to supply their own farm needs; and the same is true, so far as grade draft horses are concerned, of all the states south of Kansas or west of Nebraska. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri Kansas, Nebraska and the Dakotas are the only states producing 9 surplus of heavy draft work animals, and only four of these produce any eonsidera- ble surplus of real drafters. These few states of the middle fest must produce draft horses to supply the world
 Army demands for horses over l40o pounds are stealidy increasing, and we must prepare to furnish hundreds of thousands of horses that will weigh from 1400 pounds up to handle the guns needed to finish the war. The shortage of farm labor which will become acute as more men go into service, makes necessary the use of heavier horses on our farms, in order that more. work may be done per day with fewer men.
 On any well managed farm enough colts should annually be reared to
 
 going at maximum efficiency, and to render feasible the sale of horses seven or eight years old. This eliminates de- preciation, and reduces losses by death to less than one-half of 1 per cent If horses are produced as they should be on our forms, appreciation rather than depreciation in value will re- suit.
 Increased demand and higher prices on pure bred sta1lions always follow a year behind increase in prices on market horses, and under present con- ditions will be manifest next winter and spring. Its extent will depend on how much educational work is done among farmers who raise only grade horses. If they are aware of the true situation and reaize that they are cer- tain to profit greatly by producing all lhe soci draft horses they can rear. the va1u1s 9f gtnh8~cn stallions will be saateCtai}y iG-fease1. it is therefore i stae duiy of every Breeder of pure bred PercherUT r to aI that he can tc put the raal facts aefore all the farm ees sH his comm G41t ts, aAe mare that is sound, u geod ts pe and with eight over 1900 pounds, shonii be bred to the best available draft stallion, ano there is still ample time for you tc influence your neighboring horsemer to breed their good mares this season
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-20
Speed for Separator
Fly J. L. THOMAS

Watch the speed of your cream
 separator. The more closely you keep
 to the speed marked on the handle of
 the machine. the greater will be the efficiency of the slsimming. Many
 tests have been run to determine how
 nearly some of the better dairy farm
 CTS are keeping to the regulations set
 by the different makes of separators.
 In many cases. it is found that fn real
 ity they were turning the handle at
 from to 20 revolutions below the
 proper speed.
 It must be remembered that slight
 variation in speed makes compara- lively large effect upon the centrifugal force generated The centrifugal ac- tion causes the cream to be separated from the milk. and since this cen trifugal force decreases in quadratic proportion to the speed of the machine 8 slight variation makes large de- crease in efficiency of separation. A number of experiment stations have run tests to determine the effect of too slow speed on cream. These show a great loss in the skimming efficiency at the lower speed. In some eases, the speed at which farmers were turning ,, their machines made a loss of crea n from herd of 10 cows which would have amounted to several times the entire cost of a high grade cream sepa- rator each year.
 Even running of the separator is also important. from the standpoint of getting the most cream from the milk. 4 wobhly machine can not possibly separate all the cream and in some cases 1t is even dangerous to run As
 the bowl itself is likely to jump out ahd burst. Time your machine and 1 see that it is running according to standard The higher the speed, the more thorough is the separation Most machines are bound to do the best work at certain speed as indicated l in the directions for operating them When this speed is not followed, the
 machine will almost invariably lose a great amount of cream in the skinned milk.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-20
Berries Need More Care

Need for improvement in present hand ling and transportation practices in the strawberry trade-an 1S,OOo,oo0 business was shown by recent investigations by the United States department of agri- culture in northwestern Arkansas and southwestern Missouri. Recommends tionS are contained in the report of the investigations recently published by the bureau of markets of the department.
 The studies were limited to the straw berries grown in the Ozark region, but the results obtained are applicable .o all strawberry-producing regions, the re- port says. The work, conducted in the season of 1917, was made possible through the assistance and cooperation of rail- way lines operating in the territory coy- cred and of the leading strawberry ship ping organizations.
 The following summary is given in the report:
 | Careful picking and handling or strawberries to prevent bruising and mechanical injuries is of fundamental importance. Prompt and thorough cool ing is necessary to reduce losses from decay in transit.
 2 The use of salt immediately after loading and again at the first reicing, about 12 hours later is desirable in order to hasten the rate of cooling when cars can be had which are equipped with false foloors, basket bunkers, and solid insu- lated bulkheads. About 21a per cent o1 the ice capacity of the bunkers at the first application and l per cent at thS second IS advised unless the temperature Of the fruit when loaded is lower than 50 degrees F., in which case less sail should be used.
 3. Loading crates higher than four lay CTS in the car is to be avoided as far as possible in cars of standard length. Ex- tra space in the. center of the car car be eliminated by bracing with wedge: instead of using long bracing strips.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-20
People for Farm Work

Nine hundred experienced men were placed in regular farm work in one month this spring in Ohio, largely through the efforts of the farm help specialists of the United States de- partment of agriculture. Records of a similar nature are being made in other states where special efforts have been made to bring about a close co-opera- ton between the town and counrry For this purpose pledges are being se- cured in each town, city and village from men who have had previous farm experience. to devote a few days ol weeks of their time to harvest woik during the coming season if their se.v- ices should be needed, Farm help spe- ciaIists in Kansas have secured pied ses of this kind from 50.000 city residents who have promised to devote two tc fifteen days of their time to harvest work this summer. Similar results have been obtained in Indiana, Illi, nois, North Dakota. South Dakota Pennsylvania. Georgia and Kentucks- ; Campaigns are either in active lros, ress or are being planned in every state