Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1918-11-05
THE FOURTEEN PRINCIPLES
Basis Of Proper Adjustment Of the
Peace Of the World
WHAT They ARE.-WHAT They MEAN

have the Hi9nt " S'ose N'S
In Time Of War-AIi Civilized Peo.
pies Must Have the Right Of Self
Government.
The iullDwIn:; explanation of Ir"Si-
dent Wilson'S 'oUrt'rn Icnc" terms Is
by Senator James Hamilton Lewis Oi
Illinois:
TN" first I,rnIuSItiOn iS 10 fore" th'
repeal of the old international custom
of allowing men chosen as private ser
wants of kim or ruler I" contract Sc
cr,.tly the rights. lives AMI property "i
the pcupIcS Of nations without auth
Ority or these people. and with no
voice Of the people who are cUnSlSh J.
cd 10 war or national degradation In
their defense.
Wilson institutes the new era Oi IN
tcrnational diplOmacy-"all cards ON
the tablc"--thc people themselves 10
l,lay the game that has them Tor its
stake. only by their moves ut public
convention or ballot box decision
shall their fttcs ever bc put in nation
al or international balance.
n. The freedom ui scaS-in peace
and in war---is the on" article which
violated in ruthless manner 10y meth
obs of destruction Of property ana
murder of mankind. forced America
into the world war.
This contention of human right Is
based on the privilege of enjoying
the gifts of God. II was heaven that
mndc and gave man to the earth
the sea and all that lay therein.
The contention for this privilege has
been an cvcr-cXistinS conflict so long
as civilization has been struggling
for peace over barbarism. The dis
Covcry of America, i'll the hitccnti
century. provoked spain I" cut OIL Inc
world from the seas. giving to hci
rulers possession of its privileges
Every land rose against this. Tho
popes of Rome entered the disput"
and asserted the sea rs the giit OF
God. not to bc monopolizcd by any mar
Or land.
From the first time any attempt to dc
such has made war. 1t was for TINS
privilege America went TO war VIII
the king of England in lSl2, then viii
the cmporcr Of France. in 1913.
The second provision OF Wilson
would repeal any decree or any IN
tcrnational doctrine or assumption OF
any country to close any sea by any
obstruction, whether in war or II
peace. 1t establishes the open seas
Of the world as an open highway io'
man to any place man may 60 OF u
which nc could send his products iol
Gift or for profit. II is the hrst nc
ccssity for world freedom. and the hrs'
great step to avoid wars for ali th'
future.
I'LL The removal Of economic bar
ricrs between nations as forming iet-
ruc of peace. This has no reference
to the question of protective larih
high or low duties on imports. re-
,.rci that IN certain intelligent quarters
the opposite view has been express
cd.
Al first thought everyone must see
how impossible it would he for th'
president of the United states or us
congress or its people to prescrlp'
tarifr makers as between European
lands among themselves or as DC
tween Asia and Europe.
The meaning of the clause l. u
nrrycnt barriers barring trade Ill any
one of many subjects between lands "a
instunccd when Germany with ErleN'
,ncr cut off all meats from the tnitet
States on any terms and tn" lni'r'
Stptrs in retaliation cat German bar
lev off from our market on any terms
This was leading to the prohibition o
nil machincry-and soon to conflict.
Tho same course was thrcatrnc'
when We cut off all of canada's lum'
her: then Canada cut off all oui
wheat. President Taft tried 10 remove
these trade barriers 10y convention
or law or RECIPROCITY
To avoid repetltions such as these
that can lead peoples to war, IS lh'
presidents aim. That IS why th'
clause is used in connection with th'
Icoruc of peace. If tariff were th'
tbourht. the cause would not have
bccn limited Ia nations entering
league OF peace. hut to have been o.
value would have been applied to ever!
land shipping to us its products.
IN. The reduction Of arnamcnts
This means To Cqualizc the burden o
war defense among the league OF ma
tIons so that each in proportion o
population may be equal and equal.
opposc each other. and equally re-
move the taxes from the citizen here
toforc put on him for war expenses
V. This Is step to enforce peace
hy removing the causes OF war. Nd
nustmrnt OF colonial claims based OF
nopu,ar rights. This means TO d'
what the United States has done in th'
philippines and Porto Rico: giving TIT
people OF the colonies the privileges
to say, with their ballot what the!
feel should be their popular rights
and to demand the adjustment OF III
colonial questions as these colonia
people shall for themselves. in an.
intelligent manner practicable. decide
by popular voice. In other words
colonial government as central govern
ment. by the consent Of the governed
VI. Evacuation and opportunity 10
Russia. This is TO endorse the with
drawal OF invading or stationed force
now ovcrawing the people of Russia
that the people in peace may decid
their lot for the future according 4
their needs and rs commanded b,
the demands Of their situation.
The president recognizes lin tn
words of Edmund Burke that "tru
liberty Is the liberty under law" am
he demands that Russia be controlle'
for peace and justice by law and or
der. not force and terror
VII. The evacuation Of Belgium
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