Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1918-02-15

L nal III
| Hungary ON the southern slopes OF
the karpathian mountains. To these
figures should be added the half-mil-
lion Ckranians who are 1T the pres
ent time in the United States, probab-
lly as many in the Dominion Of Can
ada, d few thousand in Australia, and
about $1,000 in Brazil. There are
lUkranian settlements in Turkey, in
the Dobrudja and in southern Hun
gary. but they are very small.
The bulk nf the Ckranians consists
therefore. OF those in Ckranian Rus
sia, in Galicia, and in BukOwina. for
they inhabit the compact territory
which is only artiiicially-or what We
say politically?-dividcd between Rus
STA. Austria and Hungary. Leaving
out the Rusniaks, or Ckranians Of
Hungary. who express no desire TO
work politically with the other MEM
bcrs of their nation and who insist,
leven in America, upon societies OF
their own. we have a population OF
over 23.UUD,O0O stretched between the
Black sea, the karpathian mountains
and the San river
The purely ukranian governments
of Russia are:
First. Ukraine OF the right bank
(of the DnieperJ, Podolia. Nolhynia,
Kief and Kholm.
Second. Ukraine of the left bank
(of the Dnieper), Tchernihor, Polt-
ava, kharkov. southwest khursk,
| Voronezh and the region Of the Don
Cossacks TO the Sea Of Azor.
| Third. On both sides Of the Dnie-
per lies the Steppe Ukraine, compris-
i ing Ekaterinoslav, kherson and the
eastern parts of Bessarabia and
rauris.
Fourth. North Caucasus, adjacent
to the regions of the Don cossacks.
comprising kuban and the eastern
parts of Stavropolskoi and Therska
governments.
| In all these districts the Ukranians
form from IS to SO per cent Of the to-
tai population, the best being Jews,
Poles and lastly Russians.
| The Rurik dynasty founded Tx
raine. When il disappeared, as al
monurchies must, the next organizt-
ton that kept the Ukraine lands to-
gether was the republic of the COS
sacks, whose domain orerlapped Lith-
uaniu and Poland. who occupied
much Of the Ukraine soil.
The Cossacks were organized some
| thing on the lines Of the chivalry of
western Europe. Their precepts were
obedience, piety, chastity and equali-
| ty. The assembly was the only au-
thority they recognized. The hetman,
| (headmanJ. was elected by, and was
| responsible to. the assembly for his
actions. If he offended he was in
continently deprived of his office.
The assembly, called Rada. was pc
riodical and comprised representa-
| tives of all classes Of the communi-
| ty, who often criticised freely the
policy of the hetman. In the inter-
val between Radas the hetman ruled
in the country by series OF DEGREES.
When any section of the Ukranian
community was dissatisfied with the
person or the policy Of the netman II
was entitled to call together Rada,
when in such cases was called Black
Rada If the Black Rada happened
to be representative enough. and the
complaint met with the approval OF
the .iii;ijorfty. the hetran- might
1eompclled to resign.
While the Muscovites lived under
an absolute monarchy, while the
Poles were ruled by naughty and
exclusive aristocracy, in Ukraine all
were free under the Lithuanian kings,
and republican institutions were grad
ually taking root. Many people would
leave the surrounding country and
go to settle in Ukraine. Such names
| preserved In the Ukraine rs OBrien
and ORiouke tend To prove that peo-
pie came from much farther, to set
tie in the happy land.
The famous black soil cf Ukraine
covers three quarters of the country.
To the north as we'll as in the Karpa-
| THAN mountains are some 10000
square kilometers of forests. The ag-
| ricultural soil covers SO per cent OF
| the aggregate territory Of Ukarine and
81 per cent, IL we take in the whole
Of European Russia, which is, how
ever six times greater than Ukraine
itself.
The annual production OF cereals in
Ukraine is two-thirds Of the whole
production in the Russian empire. 1t
Is greater than that OF Germany or
France. The expectation of grains
from Ukraine amounts to % per cent
Of the production, and Of all the
wheat exported from Russia nine
tenths comes from Ukranian lands.
As u matter of fact. the trade OF
krline is more developed than that
Of any part Of the empire.
Ukraine ranks highest among all
the countries that comprise the vast
Russian empire Us to the annual agri-
cultural production. Wheat, rye and
barley are the staple crops Of Rus
sia's agriculture, and the annual pro-
duction amounts to one-third OF Rus
sia's output AS to other farm pro-
dIcts, Ukraine's position is also very
conspicuous.
Beet-root. for instance. is especial
ly cultivated in the Ukranian pro-
vinces of Podolia. Volhynia. Kief and
Kherson; those provinces together
yield five-sixths of the sugar-beet
production of all Russias. Ukraine
produces almost all the tobacco In
the empire. and she has the largest
and finest orchards and vineyards Of
European Russia
The immense natural resources OF
Ukraine furnish splendid opportuni-
ties for the development Of manufac-
turing industries. AS a matter Of
fnct 60 per cent of Russia's annual