davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09
AVIATION N ITS
INFANCY IN 0. s.
Country Utterly Unprepased In This
Respect at Outbreak OF
the War.

Washington, Dec. S.-The actual
facts concerning this country's utter
unpreparedness In all branches of
aviation al the outbreak OF wa are
revealed for the first time in ,s,an-
nual report Of the chief signal officer
Iof the army. made public today.
Due to long years &c neglect Of
aerona,/ cs since the W. ut brothers
brougl< out the origina. flying ma
chimes the beginning OF hostilities
found the United States with but 4
handful OF flyers and very few ma
chimes
There was practically no aviation
industry and the number Of trained
designers and engineers was SO small
az TO be negligible. Outside OF few
men there was no one in the United
States with experience In the building
even OF training planes The aviation
section of the army consisted OF only
ffty-.wee officers aud i 90 enlisted
men and few civilian emrjoy&s. The
military authorities increased the per-
sonnet OF the section within fourteen
months to i6,o24 OFFICERS. t47.s33 en-
listed men and 1855 civilian employees
Before July Of the present year
there had been purchased or made
SASS airplanes. 1885 engines. Al
balloons and $4,000 instruments OF
various kinds. 33.90s items Q. motor
transport and c,717 hangers had been
erected.
The American made De Haviland
Sa.,ieplarc mo2ified to receive the
Liberty engine is today regarded as
one o. he best battleplanes used on
;.,sy front IN the wa. Other achieve
.naaSs Of American ingenuity and en-
te-2r.se developed under the stress
q necessity are enumerated In the
report as follows.
The creation OF special radio APP
paratas, the details of which are
w;thnc'G permitting new control Of
the orerations Gf atrplanes en- masse.
aad re development Of fabric -
substitute for the formerly used
linen t4hric 1t only : little moro than
ens-half ~ cost ef ~ lgetes. s1
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09
HOW MUCH PAY WILL
M'ADOO RECEIVE?

Washington. Dec. 8.-How will
Dircctor. General Of Railroads Nc
AdOO be paid when he rclinquisbes
his place ON the payroll OF the gov
eminent ~ secretary Of the treas
ury . week from next Tuesday,?
The law says that no one may re-
ceiyc two salaries from the gov
|ernmcnt. That Il why he received
no salary as director. general OF
the railroads and Inns had only his
cabinet salary.
The law also. says that no one
may serve the government with
ont compensation. That II why
there have been dollar-a-ycar men
In Washington.
Regional directors under the
director receive salaries OF
$40, 900 . year fixed by the director
general. II Mr.. McAdoo Is TO con-
|tinue AZ the governments railroad
head even day after he leaves the
treasury, he must receive some
salary.
In the absence OF any specified
appropriation by congress 1t Is un-
|derstood that the presidents broad
powers under the railroad act will
allow him to fix salary. Whether
that salary will be q dollar or $780,
900 q year is entirely In the dis
erection Of the president
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09

entire navy was before the war began.
The navy in its operations, he says.
has covered the widest scope In its
history. naval men have served on
nearly 1000 craft that piled the wa
tiers, on submarines and in aviation. "
while ION land. marines and sailors
have helped to hold strategic points. :"
Regiments Of marines have shared
with the magnificent army their part
OF the hard-won victory. wonderfully
trained gun crews of sailors have
manned the monster fourteen Inch
guns which marked a new departure
In lard warfare" while naval officers
and men in all parts of the world
did their full part in the operations
compiishment." While the destroy
ers have led in the anti-submarine
warfare. the 406 submarine chasers.
OF which 235 were dispatched abroad.
are given credit for efficient aid, as
are also the American submarines
sent TO foreign waters.
Growth OF y. O. r. s.
The creation OF the naval overseas
transportation service and It's growth
in less than a year to a fleet of 32i
cArEo-carrying ships with 100000
lightweight tonnage IL reviewed. and
1t il pointed out that this service
now requires 5000 officers and $4,000
enlisted men, and Ia rapidly growing
as new ships are completed by the
shipping board and placed In COM
mission
The transportation OF 100000
American troops 5000 miles overseas.
with the loss OF only a few hundred
lives. and without the loss OF single
American troop-ship on the way Ia
France IL considered an unparalleled
achiesameHt.-asstl Secretary fsanfeis
gives testimony Of tho record r,ade
by the cruiser and transport force.
under the direction Of Rear Admiral
Gleaves, From small beginning
this fleet expanded to twenty four
cruisers and forty-two transports
manned by 5000 officers and 1900
men. these being augmented by four
French men-of-war and twelve for,
eign merchant veaseis. Z grand tOta
OF eiehty-th shtps. In spite Of the
constant menace OF submarines, only
/ three OF these troopships were lost
the Antilles, Lincoln and Covington
all sunk on the homewnrd voyage
, Four naval vessels were lost a. 1
result Of submarine Activity--the de
stroyer Jacob Jones, the converted
yacht Alcedo. tbs coast, guard cutter
Tampa, sunk with al on board, and
the cruiser San Diego. sunk In homo
waters BY striking an enemy mine
The report recalls the loss OF the col.
| lier CyclOps, whose disappearance Il
one Of the unsolved mysteries Of the
Ths s;..n.ss. fer he a..t t.s.I
tcenslnslsd - - Pour. s X
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09
PRESIDENT TODAY
To CONFER WITH
HIS MESSMATES
Good Ship George Wash
ington Faces Gale on
Eastern Trip.
DAILY BOAT DRILL
Only Routine Business
Attended to During
Regular Business
Hours.
DAILY BOAT DRILL

Aboard the U. S. S. George
Washington. Dec. 8 {By Wireless
10 Universal Service). Prcsi-
dent Wilson conferred at con-
siderable length this afternoon
with Secretary OF state Landing
and Henry White, the Republi--
can member of the American
peace delegation. The oonfer-
encc was incidental to q series
or general conferences which
will begin tomorrow and In which
Ambassadors Jusserand Of France
and Count N Celcrc of Italy will
participate.
The American peace delexa-
tion Is certain to present q united
front for a league Of nations and
general naval disarmament.
President Wilson read with the
deepest interest william Howard
Taft's speech before the Lotus
club In New York. the text OF
which was received aboard ship
by radio. The president made no
comment. but he is understood tn
regard a. significant the refer
ence TO the Republican attitude
at Washington.
The weather is bAlmy today
and the sea IL smooth. In the
morning the president attended
a religious ceremony.
Ex-Prcstdent TAFT. in q speech
at the Lotus club. New York,
Friday night. said he believed
''the stars In their courses are
revolving 70 make \ league Of
nations Inevitable" He sAid he
had observed that s.s1ntlemen
1t Washington 1T up and take
notice when an tasuc becomes
Dyo and acute. The Issue Of tho
league Of un&lou. IL u<ldc0..
had now reached that stage"
He asserted ssthe eeEument AGAINST
'entanGsing alltaBccS had he
como iIIogioAl and ol,soIc1r.~
Aboard the q. s. s. George
Washington. Dec. (By Wireless
to Universal SeFvfce) Thus far
President Wilson. on the flrst
tap of4-his ~naoFnentnas journey.
tnS hrsen taking Eatinxx easy..f
allowing hirsis.aI 4 weIf-iiekrfrrti
rc>t. He has spent . few hours
each day .attendin: to the mass
OF correspondence piled up ON
his desk and getting things into
shape for a series OF conferences
with his Acknowledgements aboard
ship.
Tomorrow the president will
begin work In earnest and will
hold the first formal conference
with Secretary Of State Lansing.
Henry White. jules G. Jusscrnnd
ana Count III Cedserc. French and
Italian ambassadors, respective
ly.
The Gcorgr Washington Is
running through q series Of ron-
tinuous squalls. hut Il riding
abend steadily rs q church.
At its present speed. the vcs-
sci should reach Brcst Friday.
the thirteenth. good omen.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09
SUNDAY WILL NOT
WAVE MAGIC WANE
After Converts "Hit the
Trail" It's Up to Church
People.
RICHMOND ION TRIAL"
Those Who "Stick" Depends
on Follow-Up Work After
Evangelist Leaves
RICHMOND ION TRIAL!

James f. Walker. advance man for
the William A. sunday evangelical
campaign. told the audiences OF Mon
ument- Avense NJ ct dist Episcopal
and Tabernacle Baptist churches yes
terday of the forthcoming visit to
Richmond Of the Rev. BILLY" Sunday.
who wift-bcgin six weeks, revival
At the City Auditorium January IL.
Mr. Walker told his hearers that Mr..
Sunday would not wave magic wand
to get non-church members to enroll
their names upon the rosters of re-
iigious institutions; that II was up
to" them. He would. however. get
them in a receptive mood and. while
they were in this mood. IL behooved
the church people of Richmond to SEQ
that they became members OF some
church.
Mr.. Sunday is not On trial before
the people of Richmond" Mr.. Walker
told the congregations OF Monument
Avenue and Tabernacle Baptist. The
people of Richmond are on trial. Mr..
Sunday expects great things of them,
and he would dislike very greatly to
be disappointed" Mr.. walker told
virEinian man last night that he did
not believe Mr.. Sunday would be dis
appointed.
Mr. Walker said that there were
three phases of the Sunday campaigns.
which he proceeded to enumerate as
follows: /. Preparatory work. :. The
meetings themselves. ). Follow up.
This preparatory work MIR. Walker
has himself started He has been In
Richmond since last Tuesday. and will
be here until Mr.. Sunday and his stan
arrives, Mr. walker VIII be aided in
this preparatory work, blazing the
trail" as he called it by the ministers
Of Richmond and others interested.
Then will come the meetings them
selves. Most important OF all. Mr..
walker explained, was the work that
In to come after Mr. Sunday has con-
ciuded his six weeks stay. and departs
for other heids- This FOLLOW work
IN up to" the people of Richmond. par.
ticuiarls the church peopls. The num-
Der Of those who will hit the trail
be II sawdust or cement. As Mr. Walker
pua IL. and who "stics.' depends on the
extent of the follow up work done by
the church people Of Richmond
Te Meet the Miaisfern.
Mr.. Walker viii meet the ministers
OF Richmond next Thursday morning at
II o'clock ut the Central Y. NJ. {. A..
at which time he will outline the work.
insa of the forthcoming revival
After the irst week of the campaign
sixty per cent Of the seating capacity
~ the asdftorium ~tIIs@he reserved fer
fciega ttuns r~presenttslg Fafioaej tnduS-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09
Secretary Daniels Urges Policy
Of Continued Naval Expansion
Advocates Additional Three Year Program Cost $500
and Embracing 156 Vessel-Revews Growth and Achieve
ments of Navy in World War.

Washington. Dec. S.---Strongly urg.
ing the continued upbuildirg of the
navy. in accordance with the policy
adopted In 1915, by the authorization
OF another three-year program to
cost $s00,00o.000 and embrace 1856
nuai report. made public today. re-
views the growth and achievements
Of the navy in the war.
When the peace terms are signed
and tho agreement between all ma
tons cements the blood bought vic
tory for permanent peace. the de-
tailed story OF the navy's participa-
ton" says the secretary. will AFFORD
new cause for qualification and give
greater thrill OF pride when the
world fully knows the many in
could not be fully disclosed during
the struggle and must be left for the
historian to record"
Recalling the steps, in prepared
ness taken before this country en-
tered the war which enabled the
navy to be ready when the call came,
and the notable accomplishments OF
the war period. which the house In
vestigating committee pronounced "a
Secretary Daniels ascribed this large
~ to the vision shown by congress In
the naval act Of 1916, which provided
continuing three-year construction
program and laid the broad basis for
expansion OF ships and personnel; to
the efficient organization built up In
the navy department. and to the
team work that has characterized the
entire service. afloat and ashore
Showing that no reorganization what
ever has been required in the de-
partmentAl- machiuery.-Xh which easily
expanded to meet the demands Of
war, he points out that this system
embracing all the useful features OF
a general stan without It's drawbacks
is truly democratic system, ''made
in America" which has proved III
worth In war even more clearly than
In time Of peace.
The record made abroad BY the
United States navy. In cooperation
with those Of Great Britain. France
Italy and Japan, Ia. he Gays, without
precedent In allied warfare. He pAyr
a high tribute TO the efficiency Of
Admiral Sims, commander I'm chief
of United States naval forces IN Euro
pean waters: OF Rear Admiral Rod.
man. IN command Of the American
battleships with the British fleet: o!
yice-Admiral Wilson In France,
Rear Admiral Eiblack In the Medit'
errAnean; OF Rear Admiral Dunn In
the Azores; OF Rear-Admiral Strauss
In charge OF mining operations AMI
other Officer II charte o. various
spsciai activities. Our forces Ii Eu.
loren J, xatsr.;a hs y ~. e rev Z. com,
and clIlesEs Sxsas 1AFgsf tlaa IA
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09
Riv a Aspirations for
Control Of Eastern
Adriatic Cause.
WILSON TO DECIDE
President, Backed By
Americas Support,
Believed to Be Kew
to Solution.

Paris, Dec. S.-G-owing hostility
Detwccn italy and the new Jugo- Slnv
oeate is reported by the Swiss press
9Th sides To the controversy eagerly
anticipate President wilson's arrival,
9nr IL IL hc upon whom they look as
NJ statesman best fitting To act as
u1npilr.
There has hccn had blood for
months between Italy and the .yugo-
0a,s. hut the differences have been
e1us far morn or less t.ncath the sur
Sacc. They came To climax. how
eser, when the insurgents OF Mon
erncgro decided upon u union with
Serbia and depos<si King Nicholas,
who ts the father OF the Italian queen.
Ntsnt aspirations for the contrpl Of
tho eastern Adrtntic form the chief
basts of the conflict. II has bcen long
m open secret that Italy desires To
make the Adriatjc nm italian lake.
Ttsc Jugo-Slavs. on the other hand.
llisirs that they necd outlets to the
go IN order IN assure them the eco-
n0Fnic development to which they re.
Gnrd their ysunG state ns entitled.
Hitherto. tlE ccn-os~hiu has sup
pscsscd detailed discussion In the
RSN6a III TN Os1NNtC DrOOtftOs III
VOWED In thu Adriatic question
Correspondents have hceu unable
9hus far to publish anything OF the
CUmraaints by both tho Serbs and
e1c Montcnegrins. voiced In tho fan
~ 1913. and repeated with growing
0Sdnr and frequency ever since cnsa-
D1ntMts revolving around ItAiy's fail.
nSe to tessssse serbia and MoHteness1r
Wlsrn tho central powers crushed
e3Aeee countries.
Wl,ctlhcr tustifsc<l or not. this COM
rsou grievance II krs6s@h "a hare
GsusEu tl1r two wap-batscrcd natinns
c)dhcr and closer together. and out
IN the union In grief now piSes the
Strong demand b. the Juko-Slavs for
lohe .wtndowS'' on the Adriatic.
Ono ~ tho incidents thAt addcd
9nel 70 tho flames OF irritation was
~ shaking by tho ItaliaE~ 81 rthe
ytsybusT sJvnssis. the ht-st sy,d mnet
SpCwrrfui wsrshir. the very day AfsrT
o. keFhtans had rsccagcd the sur.
wondered Austrian fleet.
Thcn came the occupation by ftal-
nm troops cf F1umc and IAihArh.
sowrss tn which tho Jugo-Slavs lay
Gemim by virtue Of their overwhesna-
~ representation among thu inhah-
1tAnts. The occupation ~ thoec
1nuus by the Italians. indeed. almost
eanrrd an oren rupture between
1aRO- Slavfn and Italians. indeed. nj
NS,st caused mn o1,t,u rupture between
SWg0- Slavia and italy.
Rn4h parties to tho dispute are
understood to feel that only PreSi-
Gent Wilson. hacked nv the support
n American public opinion, viii -
ohlc to settle the trouble.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09

Archbishop OF York: There Is a
greater desire for bringing about an
international concentration OF power
commonly referred to as . league OF
nations than there IL an understanding
OF the difficulties such = plan will In
volve and the sacrifices II viii demand.
II Is an ideal. but perhaps II Is at
tainable. UpcN the close Fellowship
at the great Enxlish-speaking nations
and dominions depends the hope Of full
filling that ideal.
TT Is now their duty 70 make demoe-
rscy \ saving and uplifting power for
the world Unless the, sn0rx1 scenduee<
with the present victory cannot b
pronounced complete"
An Experiment.
Lord Robert Cecil: ANY league Of
nations must necessarily be an expert
ment To give II a fair start. We must
first make sound and good peace For
any true partnership Of nations, II
imperative that The territorial settle-
raent h~ based aron nAtufa} Justice X
is important to re-estabItsh the sancttty
'of treaties because any new interna-
ttonai ORGANISATION IL n G ly
created by treaty.
The Bishop OF London: Tor a league
must be paved by worldwide demon
STATIONS that those guilty Of waging
this war made colossal blunder from
a material viewpoint There was abso-
iutefy no necessity for tho central pow :
crs To outrage the peace OF the world.
/ I consider this war the most unneces-
say war ever wAeed. and am abso-
world sees and knows that this kind
Of thing does not pay. the whole idea
OF the league Of nations is a baseless
dream
Therefore the perpetrators must he
punished. claim that to punish the
wrongdoers is an essential part OF up
holding the righteous Judgment Of God
successful realization Of the league
of nations ideal"
Expos~A to P~ril.
J. G. Hearnshaw, OF the Kings col
tege. London: "A league Of nations At
the present time would be exposed to
two very opposite perils: on the one
hand to the Prussian miiitarists who
regard the state as the only institution
that demands allegiance: en- the other
hand, the cosmopolitan paciflsts who
would destroy nationality altogether
aud reduce all peoples Of the world to
one indiscriminate unity.
There must be conKruity In the fun
damAntal ideas among the members Of
successful league Of nations. The
brought to conclusion exactly \ century
ago. was q most perfect example OF
working concert Of the nations OF
! Europe. but that. in the end failed.
Andrew Ronar Law. chancellor OF
the exchequer: 'One of the results
must be to make II plain that men
who plunge the world into fearful con-
ffcts for the sake OF gain to them
selves or their country shall always
be held guilty OF bloodshed.
That. perhaps, IL the greatest fea-
ture Of all that will be aimed at In
the league of nations, the whole object
OF which will be to make recurrence
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09
BISHOP Of LONDON
WOULD PUNISH
CENTRAL POWERS.
Absolutely No Necessity
for the Colossal Out
rage on Peace.
IS AN EXPERIMENT
Any League of Nations
Must Necessarily Be
An Effort at Bet
terment.
is AN EXPERIMENT

London. Dee. &-CaivevaaI Ser
vice herewith presents exclusively
= series Of statements hearing On
the project Of league Of nstions,
obtained from leading Britsns.
Str Ro~slyn Wenyss, Arst sea
lord, "Far be II FROM me to beiittfe
the idea Of . leagse Of nations, bat
II II nothing new. sach n project
was rut forward during the neEe-
tiations for the peace Of Utrecht In
I7l3 BY saint Pierre, but II did not
come 10 asytAinE because 81 the
difficulty Of wcrking II sut satis-
factorfly al afsunA.
"AGain. In l7oS Emmanuel Kant
tried to work n ap. The present
question II whether the peoples
have been prepared sufficiently for
each nation 70 surPenAer It's self
government ana pat itself into the
hands ef IN inter.aJio.ai eem.is-
sion. ~ that hiEh plane II already
attained. then the nations must feel
assured Of perpetual peaee.
"Meanwhiie. the hest guarantee
that nsaakind HISS heea abIe 10 de-
wise fer the peace ef the world In
the power Of the British navy.
That power has never heep absseA
In peace and never AishonereA In
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09
STARTS An
UPR0AR At MEETING

New York, Dec s--The British lion.
ftpresented by many hundred loyal
subjects OF King George. who were
gathered In the Hinpodrome tonight.
together with other hundreds Of Amer
4cans and persons OF various nationalt-
stfss, TO honor British day, roared when
samuel 0ompers introduced the name
~ Ireland In his address. Hoots. cat
calls and Kisses greeted tho speaker.
Hfe waited patiently until the uproar
had subsidized. when he smoothed the
YufYled feelings Of his auditors by con-
ftnuing his interrupted address.
n stand In protest against wrong
and injustice committed against any
nation. any group OF people or any In
Afyidual man or woman" declared Mr..
Gompers, 'and have not always stood
II accord with the course which
Great Britain has pursued.
This produced hush over an audi
ence which flled every part Of the
huge theater. And then the bomb was
exploded which caused the uproar.
.1n the dealings with 1reiand--the
dealings Of the government Of Eng
land with Ireland--L was with Ire
land" pursued MIR. Gompers.
British protest rose In a roar. punc-
tuated BY Kisses and cat calls. The
speAker strove to make himself heard
/ III hrst. but finding that impossible
awaited his opportunity. When II
5txn,p- ntiuue<l .=---a-5
ITO hold England responsible for
S4he mistakes which have been made
Afty and more years ago. lis Of course,
wrongfui and unjust In itself"
& The audience was molltfed and Mr..
Gompers completed his address.
H FoYmer Judge Alton B. Parker pre-
aiAed ut the celebration. Hc read tet-
fer OF regret from President Wilson.
cabled message from King George
ana . telegram from Colonel Roose-
yelt. other speakers were Sir Henry
BsbbinKton-S smith. British HIGH COM
missioner and Charles X. Hughes
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09

In arriving at conclusions IL Is a
naval maxim that the relative
strength will depend on the mum Der
OF vessels of the p-to-date class each
nation possesses. The ur-,o- date class
includes the dread-naughts and the
super Such vessels are
the criterion OF the nations naval
power nowadays. According to the es-
innate the per-dreadnauGht strength
OF the United States is fifteen; great
Britain more than thirty" Of France
twelve and Japan twelve.
The great double capital ship pro-
gram announced by Secretary Dan
iefs will. according to the experts.
give 10 the United S-atcs, between
the years 1923 and 1898. 3. new hrst
rate modern ships, twenty of which
will be batter than the New Mexico
and twelve Of which witt be OF a bat
tlrcruiser tyne OF purely American
design witch viii be In most respects.
the equivalent OF sep-r-aread-
nausht with 35-knot speed
No one hero Is able to say or oven
to- predict how nsany sof the super
dreadnaugfts class Great Britain will
add to her batticship neet cf more
than thirty by the time. Secretary
Daniels programs calling for ssoo.-
100000 expenditures In three years Is
completed
Reports have come through dipio-
matte and cable stories to the cHct
That Great Britain notwithstanding
stress Of THE, war, has xlr-ady added
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09
AMERICAN NAVY
RANKS AS SECOND
If Proposed Plans Are Ap-
proved May Soon Lead
All.
DEPENDS ON MEETING
DEPENDS ON MEETING
Four Great Leaders Now Are
Great Britain, United
States, France and
Japan

Washington. Dec. S.-"Heroic
effort Of which the United.
StAtcs Is nov perfeeuy capa tide
can keep this country u good Sec
ond TO the british navy, ir the
- peace. congress Aees sae4 put AEsai--
tations ON future naval construc-
ton"
This statement was made here
tonight by naval officer. who
has gone over the original and
the new program OF tho secretary
OF the navy Daniels with respect
to supcr-drcadnaughts and battle
cruisers.
There are thirty.two OF theec
contemplated by the navy depart
rncnt. The object Of congress
Is to get figures on which II will
he able to determine for itself
what Is the present and probable
future relative strength Of the
principle maritime nations of the
world
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09

Continued on Pasr Four.)
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09

CONTINUED on PAGE Four.)
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1918-12-09

tc'snt lnalsA - - yeaF.