davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

the Rumanian Minister at Petroprad as
an act of reprisal for the arrest of num-
Der of Bolshevik agitators by the Ru-
manan authorities at Jassy. Two DAYS
later the diplomatic corps, headed by the
American Ambassador, went in a body to
Lenne and protested against the arrest,
wnereupon the minister was DISCHARGED.
Ambassador Francis having undertaken to
protest to the Rumanian government
against its act of repression against
Russian soldiers. But the next day Leninc
recouped himself for releasing the minister
ny signing warrant for the arrest of the
King of Rumania-
ana Lenlne was soon to show that h..
could also play the dictator in home poll
tics The long heralded Constituent AS
sembly, or constitutional convention, met
on Friday, January 10. In preparation for
1t the Bolsheviki on Thursday erected bar
rlcades at strategical points in Petrograd,
and thousands of soldiers and sailors were
brought into the city to reinforce the
Bolshevik troops, and the famous Petro-
grad Soviet of the Workmen's and Sol
dlers' Delegates issued warning to The
people to keep off the streets on the fol-
lowing day. Every step taken by the gov
eminent evinced its determination to con-
troll the convention or, failing in that, to
disperse it. Several of the few Cadet dele
gates had been arrested in advance, and
the rest of them did not venture to attend
the convention.
The first meeting resulted as had been
foreshadowed by we'll informed American
correspondents. The convention contained
a large majority against Lenine; hence
1enine sent it about it's business. He gave
short shrift. It met at o'clock in the
afternoon, and just twelve hours later
sailors were sent to close up the Tauride
Palace, in which it had held it's first sit
ting. The next morning delegates seeking
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

the troops and the guns, and that counts
for more than vo+es in Russia.
The line of cleavage between these two
factions Of Socialists is almost invisible
to American eyes. This is even indicated
in the dispatches of American correspond
ents on the spot. The following passage
from the cablegram of Bosch Fleurot, the
correspondent Of "The New York World"
describing the speech of Tchernotf, who
spoke for the Socialist Revolutionary ma
jority, is characteristic: GAS it pro-
crossed it became apparent that, as the
Bolsheviki contended, their programme
was being taken over bodily, and their
gibes became greater" And Harold Will
Jams, correspondent of "The New York
Times" said Of the speech: "The sub
stance of his programme of internal pol
icy was diluted Leninsm, and he hardly
said word that could offend the suscep-
Utilities of the Bolsheviki.''
The Bolsheviki it seems, had prepared
in advance to kill the convention. They
had the Soviets, or councils of Workmens
and Soldiers Delegates, on their side, and
two days before the meeting Of the con-
vention the government caused them to
adopt a so-called bill of rights, which
appears to have put forth crazy
system of political philosophy beside the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

through. Coal was blocking the way here.
1t had to be moved.
"You ask why VIC couldn't have permitted
industry to continue at it's normal pace and
doubled transportation facilities? The
reason is that there is an insufficient number
of locomotives to increase greatly the ton
mage now moving. If all the loaded cars at
the various terminals could be unloaded to-
day. it would take considerable time for our
available motive power to get these cars
back to the mines and mills"
The attitude of the country toward the
shutdown was one of acquiesccnce in it's
necessity and of strenuous endcavor to
live up TO the required rules; but there
was comparatively little pious resigna-
ton as to the condition of things that
created the necessity. 'The Chicago
Tribune" asked three blunt questions:
1. Is such drastic economy necessary?
2. Is the method prescribed the best So
luton?
s. Who is responsible for the fuel
shortage?
Editorial opinion almost universally
answered the first question affirmativcly
especially as further news was given out
as to the food shortages in Europe and
the delay of exports.
There was disagreement as to the sec
ond point. "The Chicago Tribune thought
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

abled soldiers and sailors are quoted from
RECALLED to Life" British quarterly Of
that name, by "The Nation" which asks if
America is ready to profit rapidly from
what progress Britain and other nations
have made:
1--WE arc told that of every 1000 men re-
turned unfit for further service 453 are
rendered SO by injuries and SAT by disease.
Thrty-two in the thousand have wholly or
partially lost their sight; 40 have lost an arm
or les; 264 have had serious injuries to these
limbs, or to the hand; about so have been
injured in the head, and about so have suf-
fered miscellaneous hurts OF the diseased
the largest total, 1884, is accounted for by all
ments of the chest about half being tuber-
cular;~ the second largest, 10, by diseases of
the heart; the third, 81, by what NAV be
called nervous troubles, of which II are cases
of epilepsy and of insanity. When we re-
fleet that the last fifteen months have given
the empire a million dead or injured alone.
we can understand that British facilities for
rehtting men for self maintenance are sadly
taxed.
What can save Europe from vast multi
plicaton of the down-and- out is a junction
of the increasing variety of occupations and
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

which America has borrowed from Euro
pean languages:
From the French come 'calaboose' (tbe
jail or, Panglaise, the gaol), department.
and departmental referring to divisions Of
the government, corresponding to the Eng
fish use of the word 'ofIice) grade lin
stead of the English words rank gradient
or FORM as in the sixth form at schoolN.
PRAIRIE and barbecue supposed to be a
corruption of barbe- a-queue, an expression
after the pattern of cap-a-pieds. Barbe-a-
queue means from snout to tail, and barbe-
cue is the term used to-day in the Southern
states for dressing hog whole. The ami
NAL is split from snout to tall and roasted
over charcoal fire.
From the Spanish the Americans have
taken the words corral 'fandango' Ca dance),
mustang 'pickaninny' "a negro child. or
colloqulally, niger baby, corruption of
the Spanish pequeno nino, a little child),
'picayune (small, trile. as in the sentence.
/ don't care picayune about the matterD.
ITO the Dutch settlers in America are due
the American words 'cookey' "a little cake,
from the Dutch koekje), stoop' (door-steps.
or small porch), and 'spook' Ia ghost). These
words are the survivals of a great number
once in use in New York when it was called
New Amsterdam. Most Of the Dutch words
have died out. but 'cookey,' 'spook' and others
have spread all over the country"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

The Boston Transcript" passing over
DR.. Garfield as a mere instrument, placed
the fundamental responsibility upon The
President, called the edict confession
Of failure" and 'damning in its indict-
nent of the incompetency Of those in
trusted with the conduct Of the war;
"The Philadelphia Inquirer stigma
tized it as a confession of failure an
along the line to grasp the situation" and
called it ''the bowling farce of incompe-
tency."
Many journals called it ssGermau
victory and spoke bitterly of what seThe.
Portland Press called 'the shame of it."
1t naturally followed that much atten-
ton was given to possible remedies. Said
''The Detroit Journal":
'The real task for the fuel administration
is not to sit by and watch if the country
remains meek and obedient It is to find
the true, the permanent remedy. Washing
ton should be informed by every avenue Of
information that the nation will not be ma.
tlent with fresh evidences of failure. There
are limits to forgiveness Men of construc-
tive ability must be placed in the Offices of
the fuel administration. They must have
the power to undertake the necessary reor.
ganzation."
The demand attained wider scope than
this and became merged in the growing
movement for the creation of some sort
Of centralized, superior war cabinet" Of
men of constructive ability" with power
to act. In the words of 3'The Boston
Globe" it removed the lid on political
discussion"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

that the order gave "every appearance
Of hasty and ll-considered decision" and
that it could be "modif cd to accomplish
equal or better results with less sacrifice
and suffering" In fact, it was modified
in many important though minor feat
ures, such as the opening Of the theatres
on Monday. This modification was
speedily taken advantage of. Monday
matinees even were given. The argu-
ment that won the day contended that
when the people are idle they most need
places of amusement, and, besides, that
closing the theatres on Tuesday would
save just as much coal as OH Monday.
The result was that every moving pict-
ure house and every theatre had to hang
out the S. r. O. sign. And in spite of
it's lightless condition Broadway's for
merly "whitc" way probably never har-
bored greater crowds than on Monday
night.
Broadway merchants, in common with
those of many other sections, never en-
joyed more prosperous day, either. AS
one Of them expressed it, there was 'an
idle crowd, with it's pay envelope in it's
pocket and nothing to do but spend it,"
The country west of the Mississippi,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

"backs the Fuel Administrator. The coun-
try backs the President. This leaves only
the bowling dervishes of the press and
a few noisy politicians to be reckoned
with, and they are subsiding, since they
realize how ridiculous their position is"
"The Baltimore Sun" also thought that
''the calamity howlers are all wrong; they
are vastly magnifying the bad side"
"The Philadelphia Ledger" however,
spoke of ''the tragically bungled coal sit
uation"; while "The New York Evening
Post" thought that with every added bit
of information given to the public by the
Federal Fuel Administrator, the wonder
grows that his order was so badly
handled"
"The Hartford Courant" thought that
DR.. Garfield had Exercised his almost I'M
believable powers with the damaging sim
plicity of the little child who opens a
switch before a great onrushing train"
And, taking stock, after the shutdown.
"The New York Evening Sun" said the
country "wakes up the morning after to
be told that, virtually, its suffering has
been in vain"
The New York Tribune, which consid-
cred the Garfield order evidence of appall-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27
From De A msterdammer, Amsterdam

gates Of the Social Revolutionaries bolted
and left the hail.
One picturesque detail of this historic
assemblage should be registered here. 1t
is worth a place in any future history Of
Russia. Far into the night there was
much speechmaking the big audience
listening with breathless attention. t'The
New York Worlds" correspondent says
that he looked at the commissioners to
see how they were taking the speech.
He goes on:
"All were attentive, but Lenine's chair was
empty. Presently, at the back of the stage,
noticed several steps which were secluded ant!
not easily seen from the main part of the
room. Curled up on them was Lenine, head
of the Boishevik government, sound asleep"
On that memorable day the streets of
Petrograd were in seething turmoil AL
though people had been warned to keep off
the streets, they did not do so. They even
organized demonstrations, which surged
toward the Tauride Palace Rifle firing
was heard at various times, and the cas-
ualties of the day footed up about fifteen
killed and one hundred wounded.
This act of usurpation on the part of
the Bolsheviki government, offensive to
American political sensibilities, is by no
means taken so tragically by American
correspondents at Petrograd. Arthur Ran
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

the increasing capacity of Institutional
science to rouse latent ability, with desper-
ately earnest government effort. Inquiry in
a British government hospital for men with
amputations has shown that about half OF
those in position to consider carefully do
not feel able to go back to their old occuna-
tions. This is especially the case with the
armless But they need not try to. Roe
hampton has turned master chimney-sweep
into clerk and an elcctroplater into com
mercial instructor. 1t has converted ware
houseman, regular, and an outhtters as
sistant into chauffeufs. A brass hnisher and
a gardener have just become switchboard at
tendants, and a shopkeepcr and a farm
laborcr prosperous cinema operators"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

ing incompetency, observed that t'there
was intelligence enough in Washington to
have averted a coal famine, and there is
intelligence enough in Washington now to
mend the situation; but the order was
already signed, and so, "as by the inhibi-
ton of nightmare, it cannot be utilized "
The Tribune further expressed the opinion
that were it not for the fact that "Dr
Garfield is wrapped about with pre-
ceptorial majesty which is impervious he
would resign"
But the greatest weight of comment was
directed toward answering the third of
"The Chicago Tribunes" fundamental
questions-Who is responsible, and why?
That paper answered it's own question
thus:
"Who is responsible for the shortage of
fuel?
"The same remote, three Thousand miles
away, satisfied smugness that has character
lied much of war preparation-or
lack of preparaton-is responsible for it,
"Some blame attaches to the coal opera
tor, some to the miner, perhaps some to the
railroads. But above and beyond all such
lesser offenders reclincs in easy assurance
the chief offender, Inefficiency in high
places"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

II ME eastern half of the United
J States tried to get back to work
last Wednesday, after the five
Gays OF partial and complete paralysis Of
industry, due to stoppagc of coal con-
SUMPTION by any but the ''preferrcd"
lew. The resulting stock taking was not
productive of OPTIMISM The net result
seemed to be that there was some vitality
important gain in releasing shipping
about one-iifth of the delayed boats in
New lork harbor were equipped, and a
lew actually sailed-but that conditions
In most Of the sections affected were not
materially improved. Freight congestion
remained as bad as before the shutdown.
Severe storms hampercd what efforts
were made to clean things up. Less coal
than before got to New York CITY. and
many smaller centres made the same re-
port. Government shipbuilding plants
We're compelled to close, and freight
embargo upon every commodity except
coal and food was suggested. Mr.. Gar
field announced that "new restrictive Or
der might be necessary. Strikes of
coal handlers and eight-moving labor
added TO the confusion.
Mr.. Garfield explained the genesis Of
the order III a conversation with Mr..
Floyd W. Parsons, editor of "Thc Coal
Age" as follows:
"rha. order simply had to conc. The
necessity for it existed since November &c,
when ] failed TO get through priority rul-
mg for the shipment of coal. | told the
President that his automobile had the right
oi way i'll Washington, but if couple Of
fords blocked the way his car couldn't get
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27
selves impose a minority military dictator-
ship on Russia itself?"
fsThe New York World writes:

selves impose a minority mlitary dictator-
ship on Russia itself?"
AThe New York World writes:
"The Bolshevih appear to have SURFER
dered all their worthy ideals without substr-
tuting anything respectable in the way of
force. They are helpless as against the Ger
man foe, and at home they have nothing to
offer a deluded people but a pinchbeck tyl-
amy leading straight toward anarchy"
In another editorial the same paper says
that since the revolution occurred mo body
had come SO near representing the new re-
public as did the Constituent Assembly.
It is dissolved not for being too little but
too much the spokesman of the people"
~The New York Globe" found the dis
persal of the Constituent Assembly sur
prising in view of Lenine's threats against
it and added:
@Nicolai Lenine thinks the Constituent As
sembly Of no use to Russia, and he ends 1t by
substantially the same means employed by the
Gar against the Duma. For the time being
there is a new ezarship IN Russia. The new
court is of different kind from the old one
but there is the same rule by a minority
counter-revolution has occurred
in Russia. An autocracy is again in con-
mand Democracy does not exist. Under
the mandates Of the new autocracy new
division of property is being made, ard
democracy may emerge out of the new COZ
ditions, but it has not yet emerged. Russia
which had Nicholas II, now has Nicho-
las Ill"
"The New York Times" had this to say
editorially:
"In the Constituent Assembly farce staged
at Petrograd, the whole cast, Bolsheviki and
Social Revolutionaries, the Cadets,
played true to form and character. Nobody
supposed that Lenine would permit the newly
elected representatives of the Russian people
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

Senator and editor Of prominent news
paper, q Deputy and president of a high
court were being handled
"Thc French were sick Of speeches con-
tanning explanations of the past and prom
Uses for the future. They were sick of the
censorship, which continued to keep them
in ignorance about what was going on abroad
and at home They were willing to continue
their appalling sacrifices in blood and treas
urc, but they wanted to be sure that these
sacrifices were not being prolonged in vain.
"In asking Clemenceau to form a minis
try President Poincare needed the insistent
and warning cry of the nation: Give us q
Premier who will use all the energies and
resources of France to defeat Germany, who
will see that we have fuel and food, and who
will not allow our armies to he assaulted from
the rear through pacfist propaganda and
through strikes inspired by German money!
"What France expects of Clemenceau is
to play the role of a Moses and Joshua COM
bned No Frenchman since Theirs has I'M
dertaken a task so difficult, delicate, so
Splcndid"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27
Combining the Roles of Moses
and Joshua
Century Magazine

TOW Clemenceau, "The Tiger Of
France" came to the Premiership
in Frances dark hours in the fall
of 1917 is told by Herbert Adams Gibbons
in the current issue Of "The Century Maga-
zine" At the time Of "The Tigers" acces
sion, says Nh. Gibbons France was in
state of high nervous tension
"The detection of Russia and the crushing
defeat of Italy, coming in the fourth year
of the war, would have been enough to dis
courage any nation that had suffered as
France has suffered. But added to these
outside disappointments, were four grave
facts of internal order. for which, rightly or
wrongly, the French held their own govern
ment and parliament responsible: the fasco
of the Salonica expedition; the failure to
put through any large offensive movement on
the Western front; general lack of conf
dence in the measures taken to provide agri-
cultural laborers and to prevent fuel and
food famine for the coming winter; the
half-hearted and inconclusive way in which
the scandals affecting former Minister of
the Interior, former chief of secret police,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27
some telegraphed to "The New York
Times" as follows:

some telegraphed to "The New York
Times" as follows:
"For the moment the authority of the So
yiets is mistaken, and I am inclined to
think that, from the point Of view of Russia
the crisis is passing better than could have
been hoped. If the Soviets had submitted
to the Assembly, which actually the
legacy of revolution before their own, the
result would have been the formation of a
republic without reality and government
without power"
Nor does this correspondent think, I'M
der existing circumstances, that the over
throw of the Bolshevik government by a
counter revolution would be desirable, in
asmuch as the Bolshevik majorities in the
Soviets represent the real power of the
Russian people. He cabled:
"When opinion in the country really
changes we shall find the character Of tie
Soviets change. Until then change in the
government is undesirable. Any coup-d'etat
in Petrograd might be successful, but it
would be faced by Soviet opposition through
out the country and the last state would be
very much worse than the first"
Similarly, "The Worlds" correspondent
oabled:
Gone with democratic principles cannot 5ut
regret to see the regularly elected Assembly
die, but in reality the federated councils
which respond quickly to popular will, ere
as democratic the Assembly. 1t has been
obvious since the October revolution that the
Assembly was bound to yield before the
councils eventually, and a quick death, even
at its first meeting, was preferable to a long
continued struggle"
The coup-d'etat of the Bolshevild gov
eminent has been discussed with varying
notes of disapproval in the American
press. The New York Tribune is i'm
pressed by the fact that Lenine and
Trotzky are not willing to apply in Rus
STA their own theory Of "self- determine
ton" in government which they put for
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

HHE Bolshcviki have been making
frenzied history. AT the time of
The Reviews going to press def
mite decision in the long drawn out parley
with Germany had been again postponed.
Germany defined her demands-a new
frontier for Russia: Courland to be given
up together with all the Baltic provinces,
In case the Russians didn't agree, then the
Germans were to resume operations. 1t
was interpreted by some observers as an
unblushing threat
An adjournment of the conference was
agreed upon, to extend until January 70,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27
admittance were turned away from the
doors by armed guards.
Q ocialists Swarmed, but the Gov
. eminent Held the Guns!

This was an out-and-out Socialist con-
vention. 1t consisted of slightly more tt an
four hundred delegates. The large ma
iority consisted of so-called Social Revelu-
tionaries, the left wing of whom voted
with the Bolshevik contingent. Even so,
the government was able to muster only
about $50 votes. But the government had
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27
Extremes Meet

more tangible assertion of the right of the
Sovlets to rule the country. This bill of
rights was brought before the first session
Of the convention and was rejected There
upon the Bolsheviki and left wing dele
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27
That Americans Don't Speak
English
The North American Reuie1r

TIE NOTtE AMe22cUN ReUleW
\ T LEAST nine different sorts of
a "Americanisms" which go to prove
that Americans do not speak English are
cited in the January issue of "The North
American Review" by c. Jefferson Weter.
Quite as interesting and amusing as any
are examples from the sixth clasS-words
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

Trotzkv: "Yes, ENceliencv, we have nre-
pared the Canaille by telling them Won
are democrats and brothers."
Won Bulow: ''And if thew doubt you?"
Trotzky: "Excellency, We have the
GuillOtine"
From The Passing Shoar.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27
The Bol-Shave-Ist Handresser

Trotzky (to Russia who came in
bearded, mustached, with a thick
head Of hair): Leaving you absolute
ly exposed and bare, am 1? Why, COM
rade, it is perfect. That is our Ger
man fashion. Where we have been we
leave n0fnng."
From The Sunday Evening Telegram,
London:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

ward in the negotiations at Brest-Litovsk
and pertinently asks:
"With what plausibilty can they continue
to urge on the Germans that a small but
powerful German minority in Courland
should not be allowed to make that province
over into German dependency if they thew