davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1918-04-04

demokrat6w; przychylnie gfo--
sowa1o 43 demokratow i 80 re-
publikanow. Osmiu by}o nieo--
becnych lub ,odparowanych'.
Senator La Toilette W ciagu
dnia p%rzemawiaf przez try
godziny przeciw rezolucyi.
w izbie pos}6w komitet
spraw zagranicznych ~zrefero-
wal rezolucye Wv brzmieniu
nieco innem, niz oryginalna)
przychylnie pc sprzeciwianiu
sic .jej Coopera z Wisconsin, i
Shackleforda z Missouri i u
chwalono oddac ia pod obrady
d. 5 kwietnia. Debaty przeciag-
nefy sic d. 5 kwietnia poza pol
noe az do godz. 3 rano 6 kwiet-
MIA, kiedy rezolucye przyjeto
373 gtosami przeciw so. Przy--
chylnie gfosowa4o 1913 dcmokra
tow i 1T republikanow i 3 ME
zaleznych; nieprzychylnie 10
demokrat6w, - republikanow,
jeden socyalista i jeden nicza-
lezny. Przeciw rezolucyi g}oso-
wa}a miedzy innymi jedyna
cz}onkini izby pos16w, PARMA
jeanette Rankin Z Montany.
Wspolna rezolucye Kongre--
su tyczaca sic wypowiedzenia
wojny o~g4oszono tedy, pc ma
tychmiastowem jej podpisaniu
przez Prezydenta Wilsona, DIN.
kwietnia 1917 i cd owego dnia
istnieje stan wojenny pomie--
dyz Stanami Zjednoczonymi, Il
Niemcami. Tegoz dnia Prezy--
dent Wilson og4osi4 swoja pro-
klamacye i swoje rozporzadze-
ME z og1oszeniem stanu wojen-
nego stojace W zwiazku.
Podczas gdy p~roklamacya
Prezydenta bardzo jest d}uga,
historyczna ,Rezolucya Publ
GINA No. /. 65 Kongresu" jest
krociutka i brzmi W przek}a-
die:
,,Poniewaz cesarski rad ME
miecki pope}nif kilkakrotnie
wojenne czyny przeclw rzado-
wi i narodowi Stan6w Zjedno-
czonych Ameryki, przeto
,,Senat i Izba Reprezentan-
tow Stan6w Zjednoczonych A
meryki zebrane ma Kongresie
postanawiaja, re stan wojenny
pomiedzy Stanami Zjednoczo-
nymi a rzadem cesarskim ME
mieckim narzucony W ten spO-
sob Stanom Zjednoczonym nj
niejszym formalnie sic ogfa-
sza; i re Prezydent ma bye j
niniejszem jest upowazniony /
ma polecenie uzyc wszystkich
okretowych i wojskowych sill
Stan6w Zjednoczonych, jako--
tel zasobow rzadu do prowa--
dzenia tel wojny przeciw &C.
sarskiemu rzadowi niemieckie-
mu, a celu d~oprowadzenia
konfIiktu tego do pomyslnego
zakoGczenia wszelkie zasoby
ofiaruje Kongres Sta
Zjednoczonych.
Champ Clark,
mowca Izby Representatives.
ThoS. r.. Marshall,
wiceprezydent Stanow Zjedno-
czonych i prezydent Senatu.
Aprobowane 6 kwietnia 1917,
Woodrow Wilson.
Zwracamy ma to uwage, re W
powyzszej ,,rezolucyi' wsze--
die jest nova tylko o prowa--
dzeniu wojny z rzqdem Ga ME
narodem) niemieckim.
Wojna Austryi wypowie-
diana zostafa dopiero l grud-
ria 1917 roku.
Kwestya wypowiedzenia woj-
ny Turcyi i Bu}garyi dopiero
W tych dniach ma bye omawia-
ma W Kongresie Stan6w Zje-
dnoozonvch
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1918-04-04

ryKansKlego, W Ktorem, W $40
wach pe}nych oburzenia maple
tnowaf haniebne postapienie II
czfonkow Senatu W chwili tax
krytycznej, tembardziej, re
przez ich ,,filibustrowanie'
nietylko te wanna nowele ubi-
to, ale take pozostawiono ME
~za}atwionych kilka innych
spraw %niezmiernej wagi. Do
dad, re zwoianie specyalnej Sc
syi Kongresu IA mic sic ME
przyda, dopoki regu1y senatu
ME zostana bezwzglednie zmie-
nione tax, by owo ,filibustro-
wanie" staio sic niemozliwem.
Oburzenie W kra.ju byfo po-
wszechne. Senat zwofany ma
sesye specyalna n~atychmiast
zajai sic zmiana reguf przez
Prezydenta polecona i przyjeto
ja e marca). Sprzeciwili sic
zmianie tel regu} juz tylko trzej
senatorzy: La Toilette, Gron-
ma i Sherman. Przyjeto tez Ma
tel nadzwyczajnej sesyi, trivia
jacej do 10 marca, owa nowele
No. 1922, ale innych spraw ME
za}atwiono.
Dnia 9 marca Prezydent Two
fa1 nadzwyczajna sesye Kon-
gresu ma dzien 16 kwietnia
1916, i natychmiast wydaf roz-
porzadzenia tyczace sic uzbra-
.iania okret6w kupieckich.
Tymczasem bezwzgledna woj
ma podmorska toczy1a sic dalej.
w niespe}na dwu miesiacach,
cd 3 lutego do 1 kwietnia 1917
roku, jeden Amerykanin stra--
Gil zycie ma brytyjskim okrecie
Eavston; dziesieciu ma parow-
Gu brytyjskim Vedamore; 1
ma parowcu brytyjskim Tori
no; 1 ma parowcu francuskim
Athos; 8 ma parowcu brytyJ-
skim Laconia; l ma parowcu
~norweskim Sjostad; 5 ma anne
rykanskim parowcu Vigilan--
cia; 7 ma amerykanskim paro-
wcu Healdton, a 10 ma brytyj-
skim parowcu Crispin. Oprocz
tego 7 p%arowc6w amerykan-
skich zatopi}y nury niemieckie.
brytyjski parowiec
Yarrowdale zosta} zjaety przez
pewien krazownik niemiecki, a
- amerykahskich obywateli
zostalo zabranych jake jency,
wbrew wszelkim ustawom mic
dzynarodowym. Obchodzono
sic z mimi brutalnie i W sposob
oburzajacy, ale w~reszcie ich
wypuszczono.
Wobec tego W ko}ach rzado-
W Waszyngtonie przewa-
zy}o przekonanie, re w}asciwie
iuz istnieje stan wojenny po--
miedzy Stanami Zjednoczony--
a Niemcami, re przynaj~
mniej Niemcy iuz tax postepu-
ia, jakoby istnia} stan wojen--
ny, i ma radzie gabinetowej
dnia 20 marca nalegano Ma
Prezydenta, by przystapi} do
akcyi stanowczej.
W6wczas Prezydent Cd. y
marca) zwofaf specyalna sesye
Kongresu ma dsiem . kwietnia,
zamiast, jak to ~pierwotnie by}
uczyni} ma 16 kwietnia.
Kiedy ia specyalna sesya
sic zebra}a w dniu oznaczo-
nym, . kwietnia, a izba posfow
n~atychmiast sic zorganizowa}a,
obrawszy mowca Champa Clar-
ka, Prezydent Wilson wieczo-
rem tegoz dnia wobec obu izb
wystapil re SVEN sfawnem juz
dzisiaj oredziem wojennem,
kt6rego tekst W swoim czasie
podaliSmy W dos}ownym pre-
kfadzie.
Jeszcze W tymze samym dniu
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1918-04-04
ma panstwa Aliant6w.

mleckl- okolnlklem rozesfanym
do wszystkieh panstw oglosif
blockade W morzach otaczajq-
cych Wielka Brytanie, Francye
i W}ochy, dok}adnie okreslajac
MOVIE ,,strefy wojenne", W O.
brebie ktorych zamierza topic
cd dnia l lutego nurami wszel-
kie okrety tam sic pojawiajq--
ce, tax nieprzyiacielskie jak I
neutralne. Wyjatkowo, pod pc
wnymi specyalnymi warunka--
mi, dozwoli} Rad niemiecki
kursowae amerykanskim okre--
tom pasazerskim ME wiozacym
kontrabandy raz W tygodniu do
portu angielskiego Falmouth.
WObec tego ME pozostawa}o
Prezydentowi Wilsonowi mic
innego, jak postapic zgodnie Z
ultimatum ogioszonem d. 1890
kwietnia 1916, o ktorem wyze,j
w~spomnieliSmy. Dnia 3 lutego
1917 pc movie, wygfoszonej
przez PREF. Wilsona W kon-
gresie, ~Oznajmiono ambasadO--
rowi Bernstorffowi, &c StOSun-
K: ~dyplomatyCsne Z reQdem
niemieckim So zer1rane re am
bdsador amerykanSki { Berlin0
zostaje Odwotany, a jemu dore-
Csono pasSporty, to macy, po-
lecono mu opuScic Stany Zje--
dnoczOne.
Tegoz dnia uwiadomiono o
tenn wydarzeniu wszystkie pan
silva neutralne. W uwiadomie-
niu tenn miescila sic propozy-
eva, by inne mocarstwa neu-
tralne postapi}y W sposob po--
dobny.
W odpowiedzi ma to, pan
silva neutralne wyrazi1y sic
sympatycznie o postapieniu
Stan6w Zjednoczonych, ale sa-
me ME uwaza}y "a rzecz bez--
pieczna ola siebie postapic W
spos6b podobny.
-
Dnia Z lutego Senat Stan6w
Zjednoczonych w rezolucyi
przyjetej rs gfosami przeciw 5
zaaprobowa1 postapienie Pre-
zydenta. Glossy prseciaCne 3D.
La Toilette, rep. z Wiscon-
sin; Kirby, dem. z Arkansas
Vardaman, dem. 2 Mississippi,
rep. z North Dakota /
Works, rep. z California. Pod
kreSlamy tn nazwisko p. La
Follette'a, DO z MEM jeszcze pc
nizej kilkakrotnie sic spotka-
my.
Dnia u lutego rad niemiec-
XII, "a poSrednictwem posfa
szwajcarskiego, zrobi1 prOpo--
zycye rzadowi amerykanskie-
mu, by rozpocza} z MIN uk}ady
pod warunkiem, IL uzna bloka-
de handlowa zarzadzona wobec
Anglii.
Natychmiast z polecenia Pre-
zydenta Wilsona sekretarz sta
nu Lansing odpowiedziai, re
rad amerykanski W zadne u
kiady wchodzic ME moze, dopo-
XII rad niemiecki ME ponowi
swych przyrzeczeG I d. 4 maja
1916, o kt6rych wyzej wspom-
nielismy i tych przrzeczen ME
dOtrzyma.
Ma to odpowiedzi ME byfo, a
Prezydent Wilson W przemo--
wieniu SVEN do obu izb Kon-
gresu d. 26 lutego wykazaw-
sly, jake niebezpieczeGstwo
grozi amerykanskim okretom i
amerykaGskim obywatelom ma
r6znych. okretach wobec bez-
wzglednej wojny podmorskiej
Niemc6w, prosi} o upowaznie--
ME do zarzadzenia srodk0w O.
stroznosci, ii. do zaopatrywa--
MIA okret6w kupieckich amery-
kanskich W bron. Jeszcze wte-
dy wyraznie zastrzegf sic Pre-
H.: L. - IL
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1918-04-04

IA Town of Lake MONA otrzy'
mac ,Dziennik Chicagoski":
BOCHNIAk -
1916 w. 43-cia Utica.
-
1924 S. Ashland ave,
-
4612 So. Lincoln utica.
KRUPOWICZ
1718 ". 4o-ma Utica
M~IELZYNSKI -
TIA w. 48-ma utica.
BRADEL
1718 w. 47-ma utica.
STREJSMAN -
1909 LOOMS utica.
Alma ul. j Racine ave.
LOPACINSKI
1859 Gross ave
S. ITALIAN -
1919 w. 51-ts ul. Sklad paszy.
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1918-04-04

Kto ehce czyrae rajlepsze co
izienne pismo polskie, nieei. sic
rde do pans F M. PAWoLL.
aasz.go agenta ma Duncan oko-
lice i zaabonuie sobie .Dziennik
Dziennik Chicagoski. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1890-1971, 1918-04-04

Zaloiona 1877 roku
New-York tribune., 1918-12-01
Price Situation Still Unsettled

Is be
mobile There of cuts
automobile by reductions running
all the from 5000 5000 has been no more
the arce was signed
looping off two advances
There feeling
gained by those who have
phteerng when they showed
not argued how they labor are no
Again. too it argued
mat cutting will additional
mat the pubic does not buy falling market
But also agreed that there
and adding to the difficulties Of the problem talking
pleasant side Of It, One thing that all
sell automobiles th
worry what others
make their minds what they themselves
They all looking forward getting into production
lhey They
tne intend to put out and they by
'hy WI" be good shape If they
naturally reduce because they
a' ey cannot
war at wartime In the
10 he dealers that days
dealers wh feel Tree to buy
lhough 1t has been unsetng cutting
oouno 10 come ana perhaps
lna II starts early
unpieasany affected know
being oft
New-York tribune., 1918-12-01
A Very Serious Problem

ALL this discussion OF however, thing
the odds
thing that confron the American people to-day With the
cancellations
apparently the on labor the
there fleets of
look like well thought sympathetic
vehicles who
keeping the
the help
ea public really their These
fighting which come
Whether the solution, whether other
better the
event. struggle sympathetic solution of the problem
one that from that deserves public support.
The point Of idle labor the
e position of being able choose rather than let the
"er Jobs be all right times surplus Of idle labor
@ oown the number of foater who idle job job But
only seemingly good situation Vast numbers of
a' VINO only short enjoying overtime Sunday
ss and making big envelopes won't settled
0onotlons within the country.
h Is hne material for the Boshevik the W. w. thrive
and 1t patriotic bide
h VIC tualon as patiently be, but it hard
ca, stonachs to be aarm that the
rear. faced by the hardest task has tackled and that
are these
'Siscuer
New-York tribune., 1918-12-01
Hitting dln Twelve
C:EYlSsbhrps

nhIkolI Nov Highway rransportt deserves capital letters
lis the biggest thing country The developen f +he
motor industry States is wanned ~ IN tb; th
ht ;tb +b % country roads and other highways from
"aNes w. , IN" intervention OF middeman
and produce from recourse to many LANDINGS and
often stated problem living ~ S'' VIE
instead OF rail trains locomotive and freight oars the
e o0ua TO come when tractors hauling highways
mnrovements ~ IS coming fast and with the latest
t IN f 'akng for the trailers only
a1e " rum but nearer it's solution
Looking into the going easy to see whole trains
gong down the highways tractor in the
that load of tonnage the group of farms NAV
m '0 the nearest market at speed miles
Plenty
over any other method The biggest the handling
ous and repeated handling present system
Of rail transport ' '
nerc transportation by motor truck for hauls Of xrvi die
has been tried many business Some of
the best Philadelphia Akron Akron
Cleveland then extraordinary long distance
the return and the coast to coast
est to East the Maxwell are more bv wav of
showing that spite of truck
ing is not only possible but mnenty practical are all kinds of
shorter from and return loads ar
nge that prove beyond question the proposition
fuly adapted al such needs
1t going 10 be question OF highways are the right
nds OF roads trucking be successful necessary for
the government with the governments TO make
are p to the obs for
ne are needed truck hauling cannot be done with the economy
ano dispatch THAI lower onv will
De question OF main roads, but leading these roads be-
e ~ oS al 'n farmers and other shippers all the highways
Even II morse naung done the feeders mean
lower cost and greater speed ~
Just manufacturers of goods get going again tho vail
road transportation will be they some
ana the limiting of shipments
renewed the
os and manufacture getting normal the
sroads will be chance affect the
spen OF necessities 90 to work
'o eve the tange Unless the
ennot perform limit it
question of tractors and rae can rn
This country has made vehicle trans
rurtaon of the world This
peet OF the future tonnage of goods
along the roads of the direct The
hauled the
the solution of the high reduced commodity
pace the problem of labor will be
which threatening element in the United States a. esn
Of Of The
New-York tribune., 1918-12-01
dealers Pour in Orders
Now That War Is Over

E. A. Scheu, Eastern sales manager
Of the King NJ otor Car Company and
general manager Of the local King 8
organization, says the signing of the
arnistice produced an immediate and
almost unbelievable chang" in the atti-
tude of dealers throughout his terri
tory.
"As late as the last week in October" p"
says Mr.. Scheu, these dealers had no
new orders to give to the factory. ex-
planning that the unsettled conditions
and the Importance and difficulty of
just keeping going made it impossible
1or them to make further investm ents.
Then, almost out OF clear sky, cam T.
the signing of the aImistice Immedi-
ately these same men put in their or
ders for new King 8s being determined
to get what cars they could because
of the shortage which is sure TO pre-
vail before very long.
This eagerrcss Of the dealers to get
cars ought to indicate to the public
the Importance of getting orders in be-
fore the big shortage comes A dealer
is an experienced buyer who is in closer
touch with conditions at the production
end than the layman is. He wouldn't
stock ubno if he did not know that
cars were going to be scarce before
very long"
New-York tribune., 1918-12-01
Single Motor Truck
Helped Turn Tide
OF Battle

ne victory at Chateau Thierry-
mat furious engagement which turned
ene lde OF the war forever in favor
OF the Aliles-was made possible
through the performance of a single
motor truck How this came about is
related by Captain Guy A. Whjtcomb
OF the Motor Transport Corps.
ne marines, who were smashing
the last German offensive, were run
nlng short Of machine gun ammuni-
tlon.' said Captain Whitcomb. Their
commander telephoned back for more.
me motor transport commander
called Tor four volunteers from among
ms ninety trucks, and every driver
volunteered
"He chose four, loaded the trucks
"Ith $4,000 rounds apiece of machine
gun Dandoleer ammunition, and they
set out-four trucks made in Detroit,
turned out OF the Packard factory
just few months before Three Of
them were caught in the German bar
rage and their cargoes blown UP and
their drivers killed The fourth made
MS way through with the priceless
10000 rounds that put the finishing
touch on the American victory and
saved the day a Chateau Thierrv.
Tine driver made his wav back TO
the transport park and reported in
these words: Sergeant Anderson re-
ports, sir, the delivery Of 10000
rounds and requests permission to
make another trip But his captain
noticed the blood pouring from the
sergeaat'S wounds. ordered him to
the hospital, and the brave Anderson
died ten hours later from fourteen
shrapnel wounds
New-York tribune., 1918-12-01
Auto Engineers to
Consider Post
War Subjects

The through meeting and vie
tory dinner of the Society of Auto
motive Engineers will be held January
II to ID
The technical sessions will be devoted
to war and postwar subjects. The
views of many men who have been en-
gagged actively in France with our army
or IN the work of the Allies will be
gwen. There has never been a time when
,. a 4. members were so active as
now IN joint professional work. he
cause there are so many absorbing sub
Jects before the engineering world of
fundamental value to the nation
A number of scientific subjects relat-
ing intimately to the automotive indus
tres include fuel. thermo -dynamics of
the internal combustion engine - the
most important factor of the kind we
nave before us to-day 1t Ia expected
that tanks. types of postwar automo-
Dlles, radlal-type aeronautic engines
and farm and road tractors will be dis
cussed at the coming meeting of the
S. A. E.
The recent intensive work in air.
craft engines and the lessons to be
learned therefrom for use in automo
bile practices will be discussed thor
oughly. Facts asceltained from the use
or motor trucks in the war will be
pointed out as affecting commercial
practice. The development in motor
patrol boats Will be explained. as we'll
as important features of stationary and
tarm engines and motorcycles for de-
livery and messenger service
The dinner viii be held in the Grand
ballroom of the Hotel Astor.
New-York tribune., 1918-12-01
Automobile 7heHs Increase;
Public Warned TO Lock Cars
New York State Association Says Owners Leave Cars
Onprotected-"Jo Joy Riders Are Reported Respon-
sble for Stealing Many Automobiles

ALBANY, Nov. 30.-From the great
number OF automobile thcfts reported
TO the headquarters of the New York
State Automobile Association at Albany
there is an apparent epidemic of thefts
OF this character prevalent throughout
the state. Automobile owners are them
selves TO blame for Il large number of
these thetts, because they continue to
ignore the ofp repeated admonition to
lock cars unattended, whe ther in pri-
vate or public garage or parked on the
street
No positive means has been invented
to prevent the theft of automobiles.
Methods Of locking the electrical equip
ment and the motor have prevented
thefts and some owners lock the wheels
Wlth chain guards, but the great ma
lorlty OF automobile owners. while TAX
ing the precaution to lock up Liberty
ponds and other securities in safety de-
post boxes, deliberately leave their au-
tomoblles, which in many instances
greatly exceed in value the value Of
their bonds, standing about the streets.
unlocked and unattended and at the
convenience OF the 'ioy rider" and pro-
fessional thief.
Nor does there seem to be anv par
ucutar organization of automobile
thieves he New York State Automo-
bile Association may receive a report
of stolen car from it's club at Gouver-
ncur one day, from Troy next, then
Blnghamton will follow with a stolen
car report While Albany has prac-
tlcally daily stolen car record, Cen
eva, Oneida1 Oneonta, Utica and other
places seem to suffer at the same time
from the same cause.
"Joy riders" are responsible for LARGE
number of thefts, but in such cases
these cars, if not wrecked, are usually
found abandoned along the road as
soon as the gasolene has become ex
hausted, but a large number, and the
number is growing rapidly, of automo-
New-York tribune., 1918-12-01
Motor Truck Carries
Coal From the Mines
Mining Firms Haul Thousands
of Ions by Trucks When I'm
able to Get Railroad Cars

What the motor truck is doing to
alleviate the coal situation is illustrated
by the case of the Dixie Bee Line Coal
Company. Of Norton's Gap, KY. which
through the use of one motor truck
has been enabled to supply to the ma
ton 1I,250 tons of coal which other
wise never would have left the mine.
according to a letter to the Federal
Motor Truck Company written by C. f.
Henry, secretary OF the mining com
pany.
This truck has been our salvation IN
the coal business" saws Mr.. Henry.
ne Fuel Administration ordered the
railroads not to furnish cars to wagon
mines, as the mines us ng teams and
wagons for haulage from the mine to
the car are called. As we were a wagon
mlne, we would have been compelled 10
close down, as did ether wagon mines.
II ! were not for the fact that we were
able to get Federal truck in time.
w e haul in this Federal fifty tens
day over mile of common dirt road.
and are able to do the work Of hauling
as economically as The big mines"
Mr.. Henry states that his company
saves S334.26 a month on haulage. the
figure being arrived ct BY comparing
the costs of their present truck haulage
with that of team and wagon haulage
Another mining firm. Browning. Med
lock & O'Briant, are operating Fed
eral truck and ave loading on the same
spur as the Dixie Bee Line Company.
IN event OF truck trouble with the
trucks Of either mine the other truck
IS thrown into the temporary haulage
gan.
New-York tribune., 1918-12-01

ever is ever found, and this seems to be
tne work OF professionals at all hours
or the day and night in all sections of
the state.
AS long as the original license plate
remains on the car there is fair
chance of recovery, but very few cars
are ever identified or recovered after
the original license plate has been ex-
changed for another. Some thieves. it
Is SAID, purchase their own license
plates through the mails, giving as
resident address some hotel, to avoid
suspicion, and it is also said that many
stolen cars are reconstructed in the
larger centres and sold by we'll organ
lzed gangs of thieves.
The New York State Automobile AS
soclatlon with it's statewide affiliation
of 1870 local automobile clubs, with the
cooperation of local police departments
and especially the state troopers, has
recovered large number Of stolen cars
during the last year for its members.
but there is also a large number of
stolen cars for which this association
has offered its usual reward but Of
which no trace whatever has been
found.
The New York State Automobile As
soclatlon has time and again suggested
that manufacturers stamp the car num-
Der in the steering post. This method
would not prevent theft. but it would
prevent sales OF cars to honest dealers
and individuals in many instances A
method has now been suggested which
sounds just as practical as other equip
ment, and that is to have all automo-
biles equipped with secret device
known only to the owner, which, when
the car is moved or motor started by
other than those authorized to do So
would automatically display a con
spicuous sign with the word "Stolen."
The New York State Automobile AS
sociation again warns all automobile
owners and operators to lock your car
when unattended, no matter where it
NAV be-