davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Mohave County miner., 1918-02-02
APPROPRIATION BILL FOR ARIZONA INDIANS
 PASSES TIE HOUSE

WASHINGTON, D. C., Jan. 31.-
 The Indian appropriation bill which
 has passed the house, authorizes the expenditure of over S1,0O0,00O for the benefit of the red-skinhed wards ot the government in Arizona. The GUS tomary appropriations for their SUD- port and civilization amounting to S2OO,OOO wera made and the mainten- ance of the Arizona schools was pro- vided for at a cost of S250,000, of which S35, 100 is to be expended at Ft. Mohave and S24,5 ,5OO at TruXton can yon.
 Congressman Hayden was again auccessful in obtaining funds to con tinue the Indian irrigation enterprises in his state; $50,O0O additional will be available toward the construction of the man canal leading from the diver sion dam on the Gila river above Florence, the limit of cost of the dam and bridge across that stream near Sacaton was increased by a like amount, and S2O,OOO was added for new work on the Ganado project in Apache county.
 An amendment offered by Mir. Hay den was agreed to which provides that s5O.O 900 derived from the sale of town lots at Parker shall be expended in surveys and estimates for complete irrigation system to supply water to inc tillable lands on the Colorado riv- or reservation. These lots were sold bv the government with the under standing that the Indian lands near Parker would be irrigated and opened to settlement, so that high prices were pajd for them. In urging the use of this money as the beginning of large federal irrigation project the repre- sentative from Arizona said:
 ''Nothing has been done looking to the opening of the reservation ana many of the people who invested their money have lost it. If some private roaI estate company had advertised and sold lots in this manner, its ot1l- cers would have been convicted of ob- tanning money under false pretenses in violation of the Blue Sky law of Arizona"
 Another new item in the bill is an anprouriation of S10,OO0 to construct a drift fence along the international boundary in Pima county to prevent cattle, belonging to the Papago ln- dians, from straying into Mexico.
 Twenty thousand dollars is also set aside for drilling wells on the Papa go reservation.
Mohave County miner., 1918-02-02
War Savings
 And War Bread

PHOENIX, Ariz., Jan. 29.-Wheat flour hereafter will be sold only on the fifty-fifty basis of an equal amount of corn or some other substi- ute flour or meal with every pound of wheat flour. This is one of the most vital changes to be introduced in the new conservation program effec- tive January 28, in response to the presidents proclamation calling upon the American people to meet the UT gent demands of the allies and our army for wheat and other food essen tials.
 Timothy A. Riordan, federal food administrator for Arizona, has issued a bulletin to all wholesale and retail dealers in foodstuffs asking strict compliance to this feature of the new regulations, and through the press ap- peals to all housewives to see that this
Mohave County miner., 1918-02-02
BRITISH GOVERNMENT HELPS PAY FOR BREAD

There has been much misundeY- standing about the bread program in England. It is true that the English man buys loaf of bread for less than an American can, but it is poorer bread, and the British government is paying s2OO,OOO,OOO year toward the cost of it.
 All the grain grown in Great Brit ain is taken over by the government at an arbitrary price and the imported wheat purchased on the markets al the prevailing market price. This is turned over to the mills by the govern ment at a price that allows the adul- terated war bread loaf of four pounds to sell at IS cents, the two pound loa2 at g cents and the one pound loaf at T cents.
 In France, under conditions some what similar, but with a larger eJ' traction, the four pound loaf sells fO' .16 cents.
Mohave County miner., 1918-02-02
NEED BIC HERDS
Europe's Meat Supply Must Come
 From America.
Warning Nations Have Depleted Live Stock at Enormous Rate, Even
 Killing Dairy Cattle For Food.

] American stock breeders are being asked to conserve their hocks aad lherds in order to meet Europe's tre- ImendOus demands for meats during the war and probably for many years afterward
 The United States food admins ltration reports that American stock raisers have shown a disposition to cooperate with the government in in- hcreasing the nations supply of live Estock.
 Germany today Is probably better supplied with live stock than any oth- Ter European nation. When the Ger man armies made their big advance
 into France and then retreatod vir- tually all the cattle in the invaded Iterritory - approximately 1,S00,000 head-weFe driven behind the German lines.
 But in England-vhePe 2400,000 acres of pasture lands have been turn led into grain fields-the cattle herds are decreasing rapidly. One of the reasons apparently is the declining maximum price scale adopted by the English as follows: For September, sS17.T6 per 100 pounds; October, $17. .2S !; November and December, S160s; Jan Flary, S144O. The effect of thess prices was to drive beef animals on the mar Eket as soon as possible,
 In France the number of cattle as well as the quality have shown an enormous decline during the war. Where France had 14,907, 900 head of leattle in 1918, she now has only 12,- P341, 300, a decrease of 1e6 per cent. fAnd France is today producing only bone gallon of milk compared to two land ons-half gallons before the war. Denmark and Holland have been foreOd to sacrifice dairy herds for beef because of the lack of necessary feed.
 Close study of the European meat situati0n has convinced the Food Ad- ministration that the future problem of America lies largely in the produc- .tion of meat producing animals and dairy products rather than in the pro lductiOn of cereals for export when the war will have ceased.
Mohave County miner., 1918-02-02
MANGANESE ORE DEPOSITS IN
 WESTERN PART OF ARIZONA

| says of which indicate from 31 to 45
 per cent of manganese, and from
 to 20 per cent silica, with little iron.
 It Is evident, at any rate, that a large quantity of ore is available
 which requires little or no sorting to
 be made marketable, and a still larger quantity remains that can be improved
 In grade by concentration-that is, by
 separating the hard manganese oxides
 from the sandstone matrix. The e. positsd offer exceptional advantages
 for cheap mining; they lie at the sur face, large areas of clean ore being exposed with no overburden, and are readily accessible to trucks or other means of conveyance.
 Red and brown slightly indurated sandstones and interbedded clays, comprise the rocks of the small hills in the basin along the course of the arroyo. They strike about N. 30 de- grees W. and dip 15 degrees s. w.. In places the periodic flood waters of the arroyo have cut narrow channels with vertical walls 50 feet high in these sandstones. About 2 miles north of Williams River the sandstones and conglomerate are probably of late Ter tiary age.
 The exposed manganese ore is a re- placement of the topmost stratum of the sandstone. Three principal depos- its occur in this arroyo but other smaller deposits of similar origin are found in sandstone in a zone said to be 15 miles long. The largest deposit exposed is eco feet long, about 300 feet wide, and has an average thick ness of 2 feet. It dips into the arroyo at low angle, continues to the north and is covered with abundant talus from the hasalt rim rock. A short distance southeastward, across the ar royo another deposit. about 300 feet long, 100 feet wide, and to 4 feet thick, caps a hill 200 feet high. About 1-2 miles south of these deposits is a third deposit, 300 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 8 to feet thick, is exposed on both sides of the arroyo. On the south side of Williams River, miles east of I'appan ranch, a deposit 200 feet across and about 2 feet thick forms the capping of a small hill com posed of red sandstone.
 The ore consists of manganese OK ides that have replaced the minerals of the sandstone without destroying it's texture. It is hard, and the re- placing mineral is amorphous and is probably psilomelane, which in places forms characteristic botryoidal and masses on the surface.
 All the evidence points to the con clusion that the manganese ores were deposited in the sandstone beds from waters which percolated through the overlying basaltic rocks. These de- posits are different from the other known manganese deposits of Arizona but are similar to many deposits in the eastern United States and to a lot in foreign countries.
Mohave County miner., 1918-02-02
OATMAN LAD WINS
 POETIC LAURELS

The Denver Post publishes the fol lowing verses written by Lynn Smith son of Mir. and Mrs. W. K. Smith, o1 Oatman:
 ROCKIES TWO Young Patrick Slavin and young
 Michael Flynn Both came from Ireland and both
 listed in To the army and swore that they'd
 never be done Till they'd saved all the Belgians by
 staying the Hun. The very first day that the heroic two Were in the front trenches they brag-
 ged what they'd do; Their captain o'erheard them: Lets
 see if you will; Five shillings apiece for each Hun
 that you kill" Next morning at dawn friend Mike
 was on guard When suddenly No Mans Land turned
 to a yard Full of spike-headed Germans a.
 charging Mikes trench, Then Mike woke up Pat, asleep on a
 bench. Wake up, Pat, an quick, for here
 comes the Hun" "How many?" asked Pat, as he
 reached for his gun. 'Tin thousand" said Mike, 'tis ter
 rible raid" Said Pat, "Thin, begorra, me fortune
 is made"
Mohave County miner., 1918-02-02

and other provisions of the new pro gram are carried out in strict accord with the spirit and letter of the pres ident's proclamation
 This card carries new instructions of which the following is a summery:
 'Have one meatless day (Tuesday) in every week and one meatless meal in every day. Have two pOrkless days, Tuesday and Saturday, in every week.
 Special ruling for Arizona: All meat with the exception of pork prod ucts may be eaten until March 13, 1918.
 Make every day Q fat-saving day.
 Make every day a sugar-saving day.
 'Use fruits, vegetables and potatoes abundantly.
 'Use milk wisely! Use all the milk; waste no part of it.
 'Hoarding food is condemned as working against the common good
 The profit on wheat flour and on all substitutes is limited.
 Bakers are required to use five per cent substitute flour for wheat, this percentage to be gradually ln- creased to 20 per cent on February "A.
 Every effort possible is being made to secure an adequate supply of sub stitute Hours and meals for Arizona.
Mohave County miner., 1918-02-02
MAKING MEATLEss
 DAYS PERMANENT.

In the meatless menu there is a fer tile field for developing new and nour- ishing dishes, according to E. H. Niles. writing in the Hotel Gazette, who be- lieves that the present shortage of meat and fats will not end with the coming of peace, but may grow more acute and continue for five or six years, thus making 1t worth while to develop menus of grain, vegetables and fish on a more or less permanent basis. Meat can be replaced by cereals and other protein foods, or may be served in very small portions as a fla voring for other food. In making up meatless menus this author finds our American Creole and southern cuisine . broad field for investigation.
Mohave County miner., 1918-02-02
DELICIOUS CORN MUFFINS.

Here's an old fashioned recipe for corn muf1ns that has recently been revived and used with unusual success in several of the larger New York ho- tsls: To make three and a half dozen nufnns take one quart milk, six ounces butter substitute twelve ounces of light syrup CT. honey, four eggs, pinch of salt two ounces baking powder, one and half pounds coFnmeal and one and 6 half pounds rye four. The Butter and syrup should be thoroughly mixed; then add the eggs gradually. Pour in the milk and add the rye flour mixed with cornmeaI and baking pow der.
Mohave County miner., 1918-02-02
REFORM

He-"My first wife married me because I neither smoked, drank nor played cards"
 She-"How did your second come to marry you?"
 He-"Oh, she wanted to reform me"
Mohave County miner., 1918-02-02
DROWNING TROUBLES

Bilter-'I suppose you think you have as good a right to drink my whisky as I have, do you?"
 Cook-"Well, O'm Twin wid yer wife, too, ain't I?"
Mohave County miner., 1918-02-02
A RORITS

Father-'I tell you, the man that marries my daughter wins prizep
 Chappie-"Ah, rather novel idea, don't you know"
Mohave County miner., 1918-02-02
AND THEN!

He-"If were to kiss, would you call for help?"
 She-"Would you need it?"
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1918-02-12
History OF Cotton Culture

The roller gin used in ginning the
Sea Island cotton did not differ essen
TALLY from the gin used in India 1000
years before, and it was not adapted
to upland cotton. In 1894 Eli Whitney
patented his famous saw sin and made
possible enormous crops of later years.
In estimating a cotton crop it is GUS
tomary to begin the cotton year with
September l, the year being represent
ed by figures that include portions of
two calendar years. and the total yield
is expressed in bales that may or may
not be calculated to a uniform basis.
During the hundred years from 1880 to
1890 the cotton production of the
United States Increased from about
5000 bales to more than 100000 bales
of 400 pounds each.
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1918-02-12
ARIZONA LINT BRINGS HIGHEST
PRICE IN EASTERNMARKET;N
EQuALED BY PRODUCT OFEGYPT

The Phoenix Chamber of Commerce
has prepared the following brief resume
Of the long staple cotton industry in
the Salt River valley:
Producing a variety Of cotton with
a fiber length Of l 11-16 inches which
yields, under favorable conditions, a
bale and one half to the acre, and
worth this season from SO to 20 cents
pound in the eastern market, or from
$3.50 to S525 for the product of an
acre, has not come by chance.
The Indians Of Arizona have long
been growing an inferior type of cotton
in primitive way. Some of the earlier
settlers planted short staple cotton, and
it is reported that about thirty years
ago some cotton was raised near
Tempe which was sent to New Orleans
to be ginned 1t was then placed on
exhibition and awarded a prize. No
particular attempt was. made to in
crease the acreage or to build gins.
The soil of the Salt River valley is
quite as fertile as that of the Nile in
Egypt. The climate is equally favor
able and the irrigation system is far
better, assuring an abundance of water
at all times.
Arizona cotton fields are practically
free from pests. Egypt unfortunately,
Is troubled with the pink cotton boil
weeVil, and the damage each year is
enormous, sometimes amounting to half
the crop. Again, in Egypt, the special
area that is suited to the growing of
this cotton is small, and land there sells
for $1,000 an acre. What chance has
the grower in Egypt when a better
cotton can be grown in Arizona on
land at 5000 an acre, and the Arizona
soil produces twice as many pounds to
the acre? The department of agricul =
ture states its preference for the salt
River valley as the locality best suited,
both as to soil and climate, as the
future source of the long staple cotton
supply of the United States.
History of the Cotton Industry
In 1901 the department of agricul-
ture began experimenting with Egyp-
tian cotton at the Yuma project station
In 1907 the work was transferred to the
government experiment station at Sac
atom, on the Pima Indian reservation.
Experiments were carefully carried on
at this station under direction of Of
ficials of the office of plant industry
United States department of agricul-
ture, and under the immediate super
vision of f. w. Hudson, the superin-
tendent of the Sacaton experiment sta
ton, now field superintendent for the
Southwest Cotton company.
In 1912 the cotton had become
adapted to the climatic changes and the
type was well fixed. n few farmers in
the Salt RIVER valley We're furnished
seed and permitted to try out the cot
ton. Some 400 acres We're planted.
The success of the cotton this first
year, despite the handicap of its being
a new and untried cron wera cucl
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1918-02-12

work has by no means stopped there.
As long ago as 1910, a single plant was
found which had market. Characters
tics of a superior variety. and from this
selection there has been evolved the
Pima variety of long staple cotton.
The Pima is believed to yield better
than the Yuma, and it brings on the
market from three to five cents more
pound. Thos. II. kearney, author of
the United States department of agri-
culture bulletin on Tests of Pima Cot
tom says of the Pima variety:
When compared with typical
plants of the Yuma variety, Pima
shows the following differences:
The limbs or vegetable branches
are fewer and shorter; the leaves
are more regularly five-lobed and
the cIefts between the obes are
deeper; the bolls are less tapering
and have sharper points and
much smoother surface, the Yuma
boil being deeply pitted; the Pima
fiber is finer, lighter coIored and
longer, stapIing from one and one
Fights to one and three quarters
inches, while the Yuma fiber aver
ages from one and one half to one
and one -sixteenths inches. The
of the boil of the Pima affords the
readiest means of distinguishing
the plant from those of the Yuma
2 variety.
1t may be interesting to know that
the search for better varieties is still
being carried on at Sacaton. In a
breeding plot inclosed by a wire screen
cotton is grown from selected seed.
Sometimes crosses are made and the
result carefully watched. On an iso~
lated plot, where there is no danger
of contamination to the pure varieties.
there are being grown "a great many
different varieties from all parts of the
world. These are for the purpose of
making comparison with the estab-
lished varieties.
In 1916 about $50 acres of Pima cot
ton was grown in the fields, carefully
roughed of undesirable plants, by ex-
perts. The seed was carefully preserved
and planted during the 1917 season
From the seed of this years crop
there will be enough to practically
plant the entire acreage of the present
seasons crop, and the Pima will be
the variety raised in the future. The
Pima has a length of staple which
makes it equal or superior to. the best
Sea Island cotton, or the long staple
cotton of Egypt.
Long staple cotton has been used fol
thread for many years. Recently il
was found it makes a superior fabric
for automobile tires For many years
it has also been used in the finest OF
fabrics for wearing apparel and has
been mixed with silk in the making
of the higher class goods
--Cl---
With cotton around so cents a pound
and seed at 20 cents, the long staple
industry in the Salt River valley has
developed into a gold mine.
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1918-02-12

Egyptian cotton here was well estab-
lished prices were good, and enthusi-
asm ran high-too high, as unforeseen
events made the following years cot
ton growing disastrous to many.
In 1914, 10000 acres of cotton were
planted i'll the Salt River valley: the
largest acreage ever planted. When
the war broke out the demand for
cotton suddenly ceased, and buyers
were loath to make any offers through
fear that the next years quotations
would be still lower The wisest dared
not predict what the bottom would be,
or when the tide would turn. Fields
that were planted in sunshine of en-
thusiasm were harvested under cloud
of gloom.
The few who had proved that cotton
could be produced and sold for as low
as IS cents a pound, and still show a
profit were the pioneers who kept the
industry from encouragement which
would have meant disaster complete
and absolute. The success of these
men in the face of adverse circum-
stances made possible the planting of
some 1900 acres in 1915, which for the
most part, did well and brought very
fair prices, making it easily possible
to increase the acreage to over 1000
acres in 1916. About 1000 acres were
planted in the spring of 1916 and the
yield was about one-half bale to the
acre, or more than 500 to the acre
gross returns.
What the Industry Is Now
AS an example of what may be pro
duced on considerable sized fields, we
cite the following figures from a few
farmers .ast year:
Cottrell & Packard. 80 acres pro-
duced Al bales; c. D. J. F'rankenburg.
q acres produced 81 bales; c. A. Cor
| bell, 20 acres produced 20 bales; Jones
& Jepson, AZ acres produced A bales.
There are any others who have done
as well. Many more did this we'll or
better this season, and as growers
profit by experience of the past. the
average production will be raised to
more than a bale to an acre
The high price of cotton proved a
| stimulus to the industry in the Salt
River valley, and in the spring of 1917,
$4,000 acres of cotton were planted
under more favorable circumstances
| than cotton had ever before been
planted. The farmers had gained valu-
able experience. They had gradually
evolved methods of preparing the soil
| planting the crop, irrigating and Gull
| tivating, which insured success to
| those who followed them.
Future Prospects
! Now, as to the future prospects OF
the cotton crop. The cotton now grown
is largely of the Yuma variety, this
being the name given it by the govern
ment officials who were responsible
| for its development. OF these officials
Messrs. Thos. H. kearney C. H. Cook
W. T. Swingle. S. c. Scofield and
! Charles II. Brand deserve especial
mention, for it is to their united efforts
together with the watchful care of Z
| W. Hudson that the cotton industry
has been built up to one of the leading
| industries Of the Salt River valley,
| While experiment work has been
constantly carried on at Sacaton to
| further develop the Yuma variety, the
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1918-02-12

The beginning of. cotton culture in
the United States is a matter of much
speculation. but that it was carried on
in a desultory way for century or
more before becoming an important in
dustry. seems to be quite probable,
says the United Editor, Encyclopedia
and Dictionary.
In some of the earlier accounts of
Virginia the writers claimed that cot
ton would grow in that colony as well
as in any part of the world. Bancroft
says that an experimental planting of
cotton was made in Virginia in 1921,
and the result was a subject of inter
est in America and England
The industry spread rather slowly to
the other colonies but cotton growing
had become important before the War
of the Revolution in the region known
as the Cotton States. This was upland
cotton
The history of the introduction and
development of the long staple cotton
is better known. 1t was then known
as Sea Island cotton The seed was
brought from some of the West Indies,
where it was indigenous, to Georgia in
1885, and it was at once found to be
adapted to the coast region of that
state. The following year, 1887. saw
the Introduction of this cotton along
the shores of South Carolina and Geor-
gia, but its first recorded extensive
production was in 1888, when Thomas
Proctor raised 5000 pounds upon a
plantation near Savannah, and reported
It to the Philadelphia Society for the
Encoura cement of Manufacturers.
Separated by Hand
During the early days ofsupland cot
an .rt-f,
from the seed by hand, about four
pounds being considered a days task.
This SLOW process precluded the rapid
extension of cotton production.
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1918-02-12
STOCK FEED NOW MADE FROM COTTON SEED
GIN SAVES THE LINT

The gin that is used on the Salt
River valley cotton is the roller
or knife gin. These machines are
made in England and are similar
to those used in Egypt and the
Sea Island cotton country Of the
Atlantic coast.
AS compared to the saw gins
used in the short staple countries,
the knife gins are much slower in
their operations but they do not
injure the lint. The Arizona Egyp-
tan long staple cotton requires the
most careful ginning and the knife
gin has proved the safest and most
economical in the long run.