davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

comes nearer to Neptune's orbit than
3.8 astronomical units, while all six
come much closer than this to the
orbits of Jupiter and Saturn. There
Is therefore no evidence at all that
these comets have been captured by
Neptune
Extending the study to the 81
comets with computed periods be.
tween 10 and 1000 years. it is found
that the orbits of seven of them pass
within 0.5 astronomical units of Jul
pliers orbit, of FIVE within the same
distance from that of Saturn, and of
two within this distance from IRA
nus. The closest approach to Nep-
tune is 1922 units and IS Of the COM
cts pass nearer than this to Jupiter.
ut might be supposed that the
comets which pass near the orbits
of the various planets had been cap
tured by them; but, if the comets
orbits were distributed quite at ran
dom the number out Of the group OF
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

81 which might be expected, by pure
chance. to pass within 0.5 units OF
the planets orbets is 6 for Jupiter,
. for Saturn, Is for Uranus and 1
for Neptune. There is therefore
very little left to be explained other
wise than by chance. a..
at appears therefore that very few
of the comets with periods between
10 and 1000 years can have been
captured by encounters with any Of
the major planets, unless these en-
counters were so remote that subse.
quent perturbations have destroyed
the evidence of capture.
This is rather surprising. for the
researches Of II. = Newton indicate
that, for every comet captured by a
planet at so close ar encounter that
its period was reduced to less than
that OF the planet, there should be
many more captured at less close
encounters. whose periods, after cap.
ture were longer"
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

1T is often stated that the comets
Of about 70 years period have
been captured by Neptune" just
as those Of about six years period
have been by Jupiter But, If the
present ellipticity of their orbits
were due to the effects of close ap-
proach to the planet, their orbits
should still pass close to the planets
orbit (unless the date of capture
were SO remote that the orbits had
been greatly modified by perturba-
tons in the intervaD.
1T is we'll known that this critic.
rfon," says Henry Norris Russell in
Popular Astronomy. "is satisfied by
the comets of period less than 10
years. The orbits of II out of SO of
these pass within OILS astronomical
units of Jupiter's orbit, and all the
others except Encke's comet within
0.65 units. But none of the six comets
with periods between 60 and 80 years
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16
DANGER in Filtering GASOLINE

ing against the cushions of eutomo.
bile seats. by gloves against other OF.
jects, etc.
The danger due to charges pro-
duced in either OF these ways may
be avoided by touching the funnel
against the metal tank at some dis
lance from the opening before insert.
ing the funnel, and then inserting II
into the opening in the tank in such a
way that it remains in metallic con-
tact with the tank throughout the
filtering process. These two precau.
tons, says the bureau OF standards,
prevent the accumulation of charges
OF opposite sign on the funnel and
the tank. respectively. and eliminate
the possibility Of the passage of an
electric spark between them.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16
Three Kinds of Knots Used in Suturng Wounds(A) Reef
Knot. (B) Granny Knot (C) Surgeons Knot

through the loop and twist until the
blood barely oozes or is stopped 1t
IS desirable always to use a pad I'M
der the tourniquet and over the ar.
terry or vein when possible, as cut
ting off the whole circulation by
pressure on the entire circumfer-
ence is likely to cause modification
If the pressure is continued for any
length of time. In cases where the
tourniquet is left on for two or three
hours, modification is likely to follow
Always apply the tourniquet as
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

q TATIC charges of electricity OF
considerable magnitude may be
~ produced when gasoline is fill
tered through channels skin and other
insulating filtering mediums. Greater
charges result when the air is dry
and cold than when it is warm and
damp. Recent experiments at the
bureau OF standards show that in
cold, dry air it is extremely difficult
to avoid the production of such
charges, if the gasoline is filtered
through chamois skin, but that the
use of fine wire gauze in place OF the
latter practically eliminates the dan
ger.
In addition to the electric charge
produced by altering, charges may
be produced by the friction of cloth
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16
MAKING the MOST Of Your Cut FLOWERS

violets will keep equally we'll If sim.
ply wrapped in damp paper and laid
in cool place. AS a matter of fact
they take their moisture through
their petals and nothing is gained by
inserting the stems in water. This
applies also to orchids. --'.-
Dahlias will usually keep fresh
several days if the stems are thrust
into water as hot as the hand can
bear and left there until the water
cools, then being placed in their regu.
lar holders. OF course, the leaves
must be stripped from the stem be-
fore this is done. The foliage should
always be removed from the lower
part of all flower stems or it will
foul the water in the vases.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

VCE to HASTEN
CALCULATION
of the BLOOD

near the wound as possible II the
bleeding is from an artery, apply
just above the bleeding point on the
side toward the heart; il from vein,
Just below the wound and away from
the heart, though a tourniquet need
rarely be used for venous bleeding:
Catgut, which is used by surgeons
in sewing up deep wounds. is not
catgut at all, but is made from the
small intestines of sheep. These are
composed of three membraneS--ths
outward or peritoneal known TO the
trade as "Gossamer," the iuterna! or
mucous, which fs designated as
"scrapings," and the middle or mus
cular coating, eorme ed y! tough fibres.
The last alone IS used. the other two
layers being altogether waste pr.
duct.
AS soon as the animal is kilieti
its intestines are purged CT blood
and all other matter and is then put
on ice and conveyed to tie factory.
After an icewater bath the intestines
are scraped to detach the internal O.
mucous membrane. which process re-
duces the gut to about one-twentieth
of it's original volume. The tough,
fibrous membrane which is left is
plunged in vessels of vanished sand
stone filled with an alkaline solution
and in this is taken to the splitting
room.
The gut is now cleaved Longitude
nally from end to end and the result
ing pieces are put to soak in a solu
ton of sodium carbonate or caustic
soda. After thorough soaking and
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

theoretically and practically open to
objection. The widespread rccom-
mendation OF such an application
may serve to condemn a method
which If properly used would be Of
very great benefit to surgery"
DR.. A. D. Hirscnfelder. who, fol.
lowing the work of Pro-: Howell.
used in al experimental way the
same substance, but in 4 more i'm
pure form, says that he found that
It was of great benefit in bleeding
from bone.
Active hemorrhage and slow ooz-
ing. which together amount to con.
siderable loss of blood in few
cases, have been we'll recognized
complication after many forms Of
surgical operations, in some of
which, surgeons say, the gauze packs
can be so placed under visual guild
ance that this complication rarely
causes any harm. In other cases,
however, many strips of gauze tight.
ly packed are necessary to stop the
bleeding. This mass Of gauze was
Objectionable particularly when
time came for it's removal.
Hemorrhage is loss of blood and
is usually caused by an injury
or by a diseased condition of the
blood vessels. The danger from
hemorrhage depends upon the
amount of blood lost and the rapid
ty with which it escapes. The loss Of
one-third of the blood in the body
usually results fatally.
There are three kinds of hemor-
rhage, namely, arterial, capillary
and venous. Arterial hemorrhage is
most dangerous and most difficult to
control
Hemorrhage may be controlled by
pressure, position, heat or cold. tor
sion, or legation or tying of the blood
vessel.
The only methods which usually
can be employed by the first aid plan
are compression and position. Com
preston is more important and
should be applied by the fingers,
congresses, tourniquets or construct
ing bands.
In arterial hemorrhage the blood
gushes forth in bright red stream.
The pressure must be made between
the wound and the heart. In capil-
larry hemorrhage the blood oozes
away slowly and is bright red. The
bleeding parts always aids in con-
plying a clean compress Of gauze di
rectly to the injury In venous hem.
orrhage the blood is dark red or blue
and discharges in a steady stream.
The compression should be made on
the side of the wound away from the
heart. Usually the bleeding can be
by applying large COM
press of sterile gauze directly over
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16
How "Kephalin,' Substance from Brains
Of Hogs. Stops Bleeding

KEPHAlN substance
- the OF the orana o. n0s'
has jus. Prof William Howell Of Johns opsn
University have the stop bleeding By haennS n
eoagulaton of the blood. .,
with
kepha the Of which
is described follows
The k.phsn dissolved in sxes. Q: ether about Per
poured strips feet long and ineh:. wide Ihs
folded, rolled, muslin
:tsrl.sd in the steam. as'oel.xs At temperature Of lzo for
doe. interfere with the eoasuaon action of the
kephaln
Surgeons used kephain pack.
orrhass much quickly than when odofor
it i introduce much
to pack 10 tightly.
In describing .ureic.
operations Dr.. l. Baltimore says when he.s
only
ssht bleeding Of blood
stsin while of the bleed dron
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

bleeding may have been from torn
mucous membrane.
when these packs were removed,
saws DR.. Cecil, there was only one
case In which more than slight bleed
ing occurred, there being about $50
to 200 centimetres OF blood lost. In
the majority of cases there was
scarcely enough blood to stain the
dressings, while many OF the pa
tients did not bleed a drop, II one
can Judge by external appearances.
1t is important to mention in this
connection that fewer packs were
used than had been used previously.
and thus tension within the wound
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

Perhaps the most gruesome Of all
war relics was one of the first Ash.
anti war, in 1924, when Sir Charles
Mccarthy and coo men fell into an
ambush. and were slaughtered to a
man. The skull of the leader of the
gallant 500 was reported to have
been trimmed with gold, and used as
a drinking cup by the kings Of
Kumasi for half a century.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

there was practically no bleeding al
all.
with such results as these to re-.
port 1t seems we'll to say a word O,
caution in regard to the method OF
using kephalih. 1 believe, from the
few times l have seen it tried, that
II the gauze soaked with kephalin Is
used to sponge wounds. no good re.
SUIT is produced. since the sponge
takes away with it the clot before
the vessel is plugged. In a like man.
her the smearing of kephalin on a
wound to prevent bleeding is equal.
~ open to criticism. It appears to
me that both Of these methods are
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

THE recent discovery that the
brains OF hogs possessed the
power Of checking loss of blood
due to accidents, surgical operations,
ETC., Is regarded by medical men as
one OF the most remarkable achieve
ments Of surgical science. To be
exact, "kephalin" is the scientific
name Of the substance extracted
from the brains of hogs and used to
hasten the coagulation of the blood.
Surgeons have long felt the need
OF q blood-checking dressing to be
used where packing is now neces.
sary in deep-seated operations, in
many Of which the bleeding is often
considerable, necessitating that
many strips OF iodoform gauze be
tightly packed within the wound.
which frequently is not entirely sue
cessful.
When Prot. william H. Howell
demonstrated conclusively that in
kephalin science has found the best
conforming substance. DR.. H. L.
Cecil of Baltimore made q number
Of experiments with surgical gauze
dressings impregnated with this
wonderful substance from hogs
brains, and reported the results to
the journal OF the American Medi.
cal Association.
I'm preparing the gauze," says DR..
Cecil, "the kephalin Is dissolved in
an excess OF ether. about 5 per
cent. solution being made, and this
concentrated kephalin solution is
poured over gauze strips feet long
and 6 inches wide. The packs are
then folded. rolled, wrapped in two
muslin covers and sterilized in the
steam autoclave at temperature Of
l20 G. for ten minutes. The heat
necessary to sterilize them effective
iy does not interfere with the coagu-
iation action of the kephalin.
LAS soon as l began using kephalin
gauge packs, it became evident that
hemorrhage ceased much more
quickly than when iodoform gauze
was used, and that it was unneces.
sary to introduce so much gauze as
previously or to pack 1t as tightly.
This was at once a great advantage.
Another effect was that the postop-
erative bleeding which came through
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

evolved plan to expedite the work.
as result Of which he is able to do
typewriting quite rapidly by resting
the palm OF the hands. near the
wrists, against the front edge OF the
typewriter franc surrounding the
keyboard, and using the swing of the
finger instead Of that Of the whole
arm, as in ordinary typewriting.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

washing the thongs of gut are now
placed for 4S hours in a bath Of half
and-half solution of peroxide for fur
Their sterilization. They are then I'M
pregnated, by hand manipulation
with a. substance that strongly re-
sists putrefaction and makes subse.
quent disinfection easier. This step
is necessitated by the ease with
which the gut, once sterilized. be-
comes reinfected during the process
of spinning into thread for the sur
geon's needle.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

IND you ever hear OF a baseball
tree? There is actually such
- tree, but it doesn't grow in
this country, the home of baseball.
1t is a native of tropical South
America and scientists call it the
"couroupita guianensis.'
The strange tree is also popularity
known among the natives as the
"cannon-balI" tree. 1t bears large.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

must get out their correspondence en-
route. 1t is extremely difficult to
execute neat typewriting on a NOV
ing train with free-arm movement,
even though the central portion OF
the car where the vibration and
swing is less severe, is selected.
One writer who is employed In
such capacity says that he has
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16
The Baseball Tree Native of South America and Bears
Large, Round, Woody Fruits Which Closely Resemble
Baseball, Even to the Seams.

round woody fruit which contains
many seeds. When full-grown the
fruit is described as being little
larger than a baseball, which is close.
~ resem bles, even to the seam.
The fruit of the baseball tree" is
not used for food by the natives !;
In fact, it is not known to be of any
particular value other than a curl.
osity.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16
How the BRAINS of HOGS Are
USED to Stop BLEEDING

by very tight packing in order 10
stop the bleeding was avoided.
Although kephalin has been tried
in only small group Of cases. the
results seem to be striking I'M
provement over the plain or 1000
form gauze which has been previous
" used and if one is allowed to judge
from four cases, the result in these
cases was still! more striking, as
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16

the drainage tube diminished rap.
idly"
DR.. Cecil says that the kephalfn.
impregnated gauze has been used in
81 operations Ind that in only four
cases has the drainage from the sur.
gical wound remained bloody for 48
hours. In these cases, DIR. Cecil says
he believes that the packs did not
reach the bleeding point, as the
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-01-16
FIRST AID METHODS
TO CONTROL
BLEEDING.

At the Top I. Shown How NfItf
an Improvised Tourniquet WV
Is Applied 30 the Arm.
In the Figure at the Right
Is Indicated the Location
of the Principal Arteries. The Ar
rows Show the Points Where
Thumb Pressure May Be Best
Applied to Stop Arterial Bleeding.
(A) Temporal Artery; OBJ Sub
clavian Artery; Co Brachial Ar.
terry; CD Tourniquet to Stop
Bleeding from Femoral Artery;
(E) Femoral Artery.
the bleeding place. Elevation of the
bleeding parts always aids in con
trolling the flow OF the blood.
A tourniquet is used to stop bro.
fuse bleeding from arteries. It con
slsts OF a strap to go around the
limb, pad to place on the artery
oAo SouiC AiCdAS Wy WHICH lf1e mad
may be made to press on the artery
and stop the flow of blood. Many
first-aid cabinets contain the United
States army regulation tourniouet,
It consists of strap made of web.
bling with buckle and a catch on
one end. 1t can be used around a
limb by passing the end through the
buckle and tightening up, making
pressure on the whole circumference
until the bleeding stops.
A pad made Of clothing, a lump of
coal, a round stone or cork may be
placed under the tourniquet over the
artery. Then the tourniquet is
until the bleeding stops,
An improved tourniquet, perhaps the
type most commonly used In emer-
sency work, may be made of a hand
kerchief, towel, triangular bandage,
pair of suspenders, belt, strap, etc.
Place and tie the improvised tour.
niquet around the limb: pass stick
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1918-03-01
KNEW HOOVER WAS SELECTED
Armour, Swift and Others Sought I'M
portant Places for Employees Un-
der the Food Administrator.

Chicago, Feb. 26.-That Chicag,
packers had advance Information or
the appointment Of Herbert c. Hoover
as food administrator and that they
used their influence in Washington to
obtain places for employees and
friends" on the Food Administration.
was charged today before Joseph +.
Davies, chairman OF the Federal
Trade Commission, in the govern
ment's investigation of the packing in
dustry,
To prove these charges, Francis j.
Heney, special counsel for the com
mission, read a collection OF private
letters written to and from Louis f.
Swift, head OF Swift & Co.; Arthur
Meeker. of Armour & Co.; Thomas l..
Wilson. OF Wilson G. Co, and other
big packers. The letters were seized
in Heney's raid upon the correspon-
dence files Of the packers.
Mr.. Heney declared that at least six
men who draw salaries from the pack
ing companies and their subsidiaries
were holding important posts in the
Food Administration. These men, he
indicated, were placed in the Food Ad-
ministration for no other purpose thai
TO head off any action which would
be detrimental to the packers.
Mr.. Heney said letters in his pos
session are the foundation Of a case
in which he will attempt to prove that
the packers have set out, not only to
| control the workings Of the Food Ad-
ministration in it's relation to the
packing concerns. but also to get con
troll of certain commodities which are
competing with products of the pack
ing industries Of a similar nature.
The names of three of the men who
hold posts in the Food Administration
while drawing salaries from the pack
ers we're given out by Mr.. Heney.
They are. +. Z. Brooks, an employee
OF Swift & Co.: e. C. Heyl, first as.
sistant head OF the department in the
coordination of purchases, and w. F
Priebe, chief of the division Of poul
try and eggs and perishable markets
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1918-03-01
CONDENSED NEWS ITEMS

Because of danger Of a shortage OF
good seed corn in Nebraska, the state
council Of defense has placed an EN-
barge on It's shipment to other states
until Nebraska's needs are supplied.
This embargo will be effective until
March Is.
Prompt action on the part Of the
white noncommissioned officers avert
ed a probable repetition Of the Hous-
ton, Tex. affair at Camp Pike when a
riot broke out in the mess hall Of Com
pany b. 512th. an engineer service bat
talion a negro organization.
Ten persons were killed outright,
two died Of injuries and between TWEEN.
ty.fiye and thirty.fiye others were
more or less seriously injured in a
rear.end collision Of two passenger
trains on the Columbia.G ~reenville
branch Of the Southern railway near
Columbia, S. c.
Fire sweeping the business center
OF Lancaster, Tex. fourteen miles
south Of Dallas The other day destroy
ed -four blocks OF buildings with an
estimated monetary loss OF y million
dollars
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1918-03-01
SLAVS GAVE IN TO GERMANY
Peace Demands Accepted on Behalf
Of Rolsheviki Government-The
army Refused to Fight.

London, Feb, 25.-Germony's peace
;erms have been accepted BY Nikolai
J. enine. the Bolshevist premier. and
j con Trotsky, foreign minister, acting
Tor the central executive committee
of the Soyiets.
This announcement is made in a
Gu sian official statement received
by wireless. It adds that Russia will
end a delegation Immediately to
Brest.Litoysk
The Lexington intelligencer. [volume] (Lexington, Mo.) 1901-1949, 1918-03-01
RUSSIA'S INVASION
BY HUNS TO GO ON
Kaiser's Forces are Only Eight
Hours March from PetrO-
grad, Francis Says.
SLAvS PREPARING TO RESIST
If Threat Against the Capital Continues
B~oisheviki viii Remove the Gov
eminent to Moscow.

Washington, Feb. 27.--The State De
partment was advised by Ambassador
Francis today that on yesterday the
German army was only eight hours
march from P%etrograd and that he was
preparing to leave the Russian capital
with his staff.
The message. which was dated yes
terday and sen by way of Picking,
said Mr.. Francis would join the Chi
nese and japanese diplomats also pre-
pairing to leave. 1t did not refer TO
plans OF the European diplomats.
Francis Going to China.
II was taken for granted at the de-
partment that the ambassador has
abandoned an idea Of following the
Lenine-Trotzky authorities to a tenn
porary capital, and that the route
chosen Is that over the Trans-Siberian
Railroad into China.
No instructions have been sent by
the State Department to Mr.. Francis,
who in all his negotiations with the
de facto government in Petrograd has
used his own judgment.
Fear for Ambassadors Safety.
An abandonment of Russia will be
construed by officials here as an in.
dication that the ambassador regards
the situation of the Bolshevist govern.
ment as practically hopeless. Fear
was expressed today that with the oc.
cupation of Petrograd by the Germans
and the removal to Moscow or any
other point of the BOlshevist head
quarters, anarchy would become ever
more evident throughout the country
Realizing the possibility of such q
condition, some concerns is felt fol
the safety of the ambassador and the
Americans who will accompany hin
on the long trip across Siberia.
Armistice Refused.
Petrograd, Feb. 27,-"Germany hai
formally refused to grant an armis
tice and German attachments con
tinue to advance" says an officia
statement Issued today, "ResistancI
thus becomes the principal task OF tn
revolution.
"Russia's greatest strength lies |
her wide territories. and the govern
ment can and. il need be, win retreat
II the threat against Petrograd il
creases the government will remov
to Moscow or another city"