davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13

machine guns and trench mortars In spite
of this explanation, however, the los, an
pears staggering.
ut should be remembered in this con-
nection that the retreat was conducted with
comparatively little confusion. At no time
did General Cadorna lose command of the
situation Over a stretch of many miles the
movement was ordered and controlled that
the speed with which it was executed won
the admiration Of military critics.
ut goes almost without saying that every
possible effort was put forth to prevent big
guns from going into the possession Of the
enemy. These guns for the most part are
moved from place to place by trucks or
tractors. the motive power of which is de-
rived from petroleum. Thanks to these
modern facilities, most of the guns could
have been moved almost as fast as other
army equipment. This might not be true
which the Italian forces retired were not
numerous and these were crowded through
all the hours Of day and night. Under these
conditions it is doubtful whether any Of the
trucks would lag behind in the procession
provided their tanks were full.
cit may be asked how the theory of a
shortage of petroleum could be reconciled
with the fact that all military leaders recog-
nizc that petroleum il. as essential as ammu-
milton. 1t is we'll known that Italy had been
| conducting her campaign more independent
ly than her allies. For months prior to the
delivery of Won Mackensen's smashing blow
Italy had been calling for help. Just how
great the response may have been is not clea,
at this writing, but dispatches from Italy
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13

from its normal position in q direction per-
pendicular to it's axis and to the magnetic
Aux lines.
"The fine galvanometer string moves in
front Of a narrow slot, illuminated by the
small lamp fed from battery (see illustra-
tom. An optical reproduction of the slit
and wire is thrown on the sensitive retna
and pupil of the eyes. Of the most sem
sitive devices we know of. AS the messages
come in, in the form of telegrapl;c dots and
dashes-short and long signals-tlie quartz
string is DETECTED back and forth correspond
ingy; thus the radio operator. sees the in
coming signals. short DETECTION indicates
dot while longer detection represents
a dash
"The apparatus . serves the same
function as the detector used in all radio
receiving sets. 1t is usual therefore, to con-
meet it with some form of tuning coil or
transformer, SO that the outfit can be readily
tuned to the proper wave length.
:" The operator holds the instrument
with both hands, or only one hand, if he
desires to write down the message received.
This he can readily do with little practice,
keeping one eye the instrument and the
other on the message pad he writes A
good operator write down message
without looking at his pen or pencil. Be-
sides, it is not impractical to install light
weight typewriter on the aeroplane, and
touch typists' never have to look at the key
board. Radio and wire telegraphists are
daily using the typewriter in just this way,
by the thousand"
"The Experimenter" remarks the fact
that the principle of the optical and
Photographic reception of radio signals
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
THE Things War Surgery Is
l Learning About Wounds

"Carrel's method of application is by sys-
tenn Of little rubber tubes, pierced here and
there for the liquid to flow out. The high
velocity bullets often make curious wound,
shaped like bullying vessel with a narrow
neck, and the problem is to get into the
wound. War surgery is learning to remove
more surrounding tissue than was ever done
before, and often the flesh around the neck
of the bottle is all cut away. Then, the
wound cleansed, the rubber tubes arc laid
in, fed from glass container which hangs
above the bed. 1t is not constant irrigation
stopcocks regulate it, and every two hours
the nurse comes around and 'puddes' the
wound. Then, if one were viewing it through
a hlgh-power microscope, one could see the
malignant battalions Of bacteria halted in
their wicked work even as the Boche is driven
to confusion by the guns Of the Allies. They
shrvel up by millions; and then, does the
hypochloritc, in default of other game. fall
upon and rend the healthy tissues? But hypo-
chlorite is better trained. 1t just ups and
dies, aided in this by the healthy tissues,
which ungratefully organize an attack upon
it after it has saved them from the bad germs.
"Of the wounds treated at Compiegne, 80
per cent healed by first intention. Whereas
formerly amputatons resulted in thousands
of painful stumps to which it was impossible
to fit artificial limbs, and often patients who
lost an arm or leg we're laid low for from
six to eighteen MONTHS because of infection,
limbs amputated by the chop or guillotinc
process and treated with Dakin's solution can
almost always be fitted with the artificial legs
or arms within four or six weeks after the
soldier is brought in hurt from No Mans
Land And the rs per cent Of deaths that used
to after the first twenty four hours
have been brought down to very small num-
Der indeed'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
THE Sources of Infection
| Are Really Numberless

Never was such vicious and malignant in
fiction as is found in those poor hurt men
who are picked up by the stretcher parties
after every battle on the Western front. For
these battles in Belgium and Northern France
are fought over fields cultivated for cen
turtles reeking with fertilizers, manures. all
of facal nature, that give off baclli of
tetanus, gas gangrene, various putrefactve
organisms, as fire gives off sparks. And
the bodies and clothing of the soldiers are
alive with this infection; it could not be
otherwise since sometimes weeks and months
elapse without their having an opportunity
to change their clothing or to bathe. Often
they are covered with body lice. Then they
60 into battle, in the lowered state Of vitality
due to the loss of sleep, anxiety, nerve strain
and exposure-sometimes funk--and they are
wounded.
There they fall, an arm leg torn off
a great gaping hole in shoulder or buttock
or head, and there they lie, sometimes, on the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
Germany's Newest in Wireless Signalling
NEW wireless signallinr dov;c.

A NEW wireless signalling device
~ which, according to "The Elec-
trical Experimenter, has re-
Gently been perfected by Teutonic experts
is supposed to be particularly adapted to
use on aeroplanes, inasmuch as the
noise from the engine and machine gun
will not interfere with it's operation. "The
Experimenter" acknowledges indebted
ness for the description of the instrument
to William Dubelier, a radio engineer of
New York City, who saw the apparatus
IL the Berliner factory at Vienna and OBJ
served it in use. The following descrip-
ton and information as to it's operation
are given:
"This apparatus consists of a sensitive Elm
tloven galvanometer with a smal1 electric
lamp, shown at the very bottom of the photo
graph. The light from this lamp is focused
through lenses onto small mirror which in
turn reflects the light through = magnifyng
glass, the same in opera glass The
upper part through which the observer looks,
is constructed on the prismatic binocular
principle, making the sighting apparatus
equivalent to six times it's length.
"ln other words, the observer does not act
ually see the wireless signal or wave, liter
ally speaking; he only sees the effect of the
etherc wave, after it has impinged the
antenna attached to the aeroplane, and after
it has passed through the tiny quartz fibre
suspended between the poles of strong
magnet, and perpendicularly to the magnetic
fux lines. If weak current, such as a re-
ceived radio signal current, passes through
this quartz fibre, the latter will be displaced
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
Making Roads Out of
Old Boots

Roads can be made from the enormous
quantity Of wornout boots condemned by
the British army, according to an article
in Mature" "The Scientific American"
commenting upon this, says:
"While there are more profitable uses for
uppers, the scrap leather of soles is mixed
in the proportion of from to 10 per cent
with Stag, granite or limestone, in conjunc-
ton with asphalt and btumep. The mix
ture is known 'Brouehite.' and is said
to possess the hardness and rigidity Of the
ordinary tar macadam road, with greater
residence and less dust. The British Roads
Board is now experimenting with it, Waste
leather is also used for making animal char
coal, and a by-product of this process is
ammonium nulphate, suitable for use as a
fertilizer. Uppers yield considerable
quantity OF grease, available for use in
ourrying leather and for other purposes
Several minor uses of old boots are men
toned, including the manufacture of leather
board, leather pulp, washers, mats, cyanides,
pIussiates, glue and size"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
Cement Is Taking Place
of Steel

Cement was first put ON the market in
England. 1t was still being imported into
this country in 1875. 1t was at this time
that the use of Portland cement in the
United States came into commercial prom
inence.
When the product was first placed on
the market in competition with that which
Germany, a good price was demanded.
However, production in excess of demand
soon resulted and it proved big factor
in the price cutting that followed.
The second and most important reason
for declining prices was due to an i'm
provement in the methods of manufacture.
From 1890 up to the present time there
have been constant improvements, the use
of more economical fuel, the invention of
better and more efficient machinery. The
price of cement by the barrel fell to a
minimum in 1915, when the price was not
third of what it had been when manu-
facture in this country first began. In
1880 the price stood at So barrel,
while in 1915 it had dropped to sc cents.
The popularity of the product as build
ing material may be shown in figures In
2 period Of fifteen years the cement out
put in the United States has increased
from 100000 barrels to 95,O0O,00O.
This is an increase of over 600 per cent
With steel product which it is ex-
tremely difficult to secure at the present
time, there is great demand for cement
to replace steel to some xtent-MiL
qUaukee Journal.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13

bitter fighting? The question is pertinent.
though it does relate to one of the wars
phases which have passed into history, be-
cause it may serve to emphasize the fact
that petroleum is essential to success in
battle declares writer in "Sinclair's
Magazine" who goes on to say:
"Numerous attempts have been made by
experts and near-aXperts to explain why
General Cadorna's armies were forced to re-
treat. Doubtless there were several factors
contributing to the Austro- German victory.
but there is some basis for the belief that
one OF the underlying causes was 1taly's in
ability to keep her fighting units adequately
supplied with motor fuel
Naturally the consensus of opinion in this
country attributed the Italian weakness to a
shortage of ammunition. In an article cow
righted by THE New York Times military
expert cites what may be taken as almost an
axiom: THAT no commander will carry on an
offensive operation beyond the point where
his remaining shell supply is sufficient to re-
pulse a counter-etfort'
This writer continues his reasoning in
this manner: 1T is safe to assume that the
Italians had at their disposal a reasonable.
II not altogether adequate, supply of she'll.
Much has been made of 1taly's great shortage
III smell some explanation must be found
Tor such complete collapse as that which
we have just witnessed. Italy did not have
enough she'll for an offensive operation. But
the supply must have been adequate for a
considerable defensive, or else Cadorna's
chief of artillery was criminally negligent.
lie could not create shell, it is true, nor
could the Ordnance Department send it to
the battle front if there was no steel or coal
with which to manufacture it, But, realizing
the cver-present possibility in view of the
Russian situation, of a heavy reaction on
the part 'of Austria, it is ridiculous to sup
pose that he would permit the last offensive
to deprive the artillery arm completely of it's
necessary ammunition. And yet this is what
many reports from Europe would have us
believe
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
War: Final Bouquet
Of Lies Fireworks;
People Want 1t!

opportunity, war has an omnipotent sup
port in the form of our imagination. Man
lives by habits indeed, but what he lives
for is thrills and excitements. The only
relief from habits tediousness is period
ical excitement. From time immenorial
wars have been, especially for nor-conl-
batants. The supremely thrilling excite
fnent. Heavy and dragging at It's end, at
lis outset every war means an explosion
of imaginative energy. The darns Of
routine burst, and boundless prospects
open. The remotest spectators share the
fascination Of that awful struggle now
in process on the confines Of the world.
There is not a man in this room, / sup
pose, who doesn't buy both an evening
and q morning paper, and first of all
pounce on the war column.
A deadly listiessness would come over
most mems imagination Of the future if
they could seriously be brought to believe
that never again in sHcula sseculorum
would war trouble human history. In
such stagnaat summer afternoon of
world, where would be the zest or in
terest?
This is the constitution of human nature
which we have to work against. The plain
truth is that people want war. They want
it anyhow: for itself, and apart from each
and every possible consequence. It is the
final bouquet of life's fireworks. The born
soldiers want it hot and actual. The nom
combatants want it in the background,
and always as an open possibility, to feed
Imagination on and keep excitement going.
Its clerical and historical defenders fool
themselves when they talk as they do
about it. What moves them is not the
blessings it has won for us, but a vague
religious exaltation. War is human nature
at its utternost. We are here to do our
uttermost. 1t is a sacrament. Society
would rot without the mystical blood
payment.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
The Medical Miracles
Which ''Dakin's Soluti0n''
Is Now Accomplishing
~HE story Of what is being accom-
plished at the front in the way
n of medical miracles is no less

1-HE story Of what is being accom-
plished at the front in the way
u of medical miracles is no less
dramatic than the story of the military
engagements of the last three years
r,sanor Booth Simmons, in World Out
,ook." tells the partial tale, in simple, un-
+echnical terms--not in the scientific lam
mage under which, she remarks, the doc
tors who describe the experiments gener-
av edo their best to smother their fascina-
ton.
Though the treatment of brain shock
;s an important problem, nevertheless, she
says:
"Surgery is the great fact. and since IN
faction has always been the worst enemy of
.he surgeon the chlorite solution commonly
called from the man whose experiments dis
covered it, Dakin's solution is thought by
many to be the triumph of war medical
~ecords SC far 1t is called Dakin's solution
hut without Carrel's technique in applying
i the antiseptic would accomplish little.
Their relative credit has been estimated,
Dshin 20 per cent, Carrel so per cent. How
ever. the men themselves are too busy to
think about personal credit. Between them.
snG with the cooperation OF Otncr scientists,
thew have worked out q method that will,
when generally employed. prevent practically
sill amputations that are due to infection.
And that is so per cent of all amputations,
for less than 20 per cent due to loss
Of tissue.
despite the conservatism of surgeons,
nakin's solution is making it's way, not only
in Europe, but in peaceful practice in
America
ANY chemist can make the solution. The
formula is free to all. Nevertheless. the sad
fact is that in many it has been i'm
properly made and improperly applied, and
the Carre method has frequently got bad
eve just because of these practitioners, who
would not take the trouble to do the thing
tight. Carrel himself, most people know,
| is now pursuing his experiments in New York
| in those fiat, wooden buildings just below
| Rockefeller Institute, on Sixty fourth Street
| and the East River. They are the wards of
| the experimental hospital. built for studying
| the diseases of the war, and for the treatment
| Of wounded soldiers when they shall be
| brought over here.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
Defending the Bible, From Cover
to Cover

Note: THIS is letter receiued by The
Rerleac. IN 1t Frances Jenkins OIcott, of
Brooklyn, replies to an article by w. G., in
"The Christian Work." portion of arhich
aras reprinted IN The Revicao of December
80. IN note accompanying the comm1tni-
cation achicb folloa0s Miss Olcott says that
ut seems very aorong thing that such an
article should 90 unanswered" IN sthe
article referred to the auriter, W. G., "
gued that one should be discriminating IN
his reading Of the Bible, since literal
belief IN its total contents must necessarily
lead to embarrassing constructions groav-
ing ont of the auor. There are, for emama-
pie, according to w. G., portions Of the
Bible achich, If accepted, auostId justify the
Germans IN their barbdY"ism. Here is Miss
Olcotts reply:
ClR: In last Sundays Tribune you gave
y prominence to an article by W. G.
from "The Christian Work" Per
Naps many of your readers do not know
mat the theories advanced therein are pure
directly attack the authority of the Old
testament, and in doing so undermine faith
IN the New Testament. These same the
cries for the last thirty years or more have
impressed themselves on German educa-
eon, taking away the faith of the German
people, thus making possible the inhumani-
uss N the present war. Germany has also
Deen trying to impose these theories on the
worD.
Note what the famous Assyriologist,
S'c1esSor A. H. Sayce, says:
WHIST do VIC mean by the higher criticism
- the Old Testament? 1t is phrase which
Ass passed from books of forbiddingly
scientific nature to the popular literature Of
d railway bookstal and the articles of a
monthly review. We hear it over the dinner
s sao'e; 1T Is used not only in the lecture room,
WV IN the drawing room as we'll. Like sew
a'a' other modern importations from Ger
h"snS' II has been found to supply want, and
Ia' accordingly made it's way into the current
language of England"
"eilhausen, Reues, Hollenberg, Kuenen.
-.0"ig' Steuernagel and the Russo rus-
''ai'' Harnack, are leading higher critics
IVY. u. claims that the Bible is dangerous,
,e'ause 1t is misquoted or misused. ANY
S00A or person may be misquoted, gno-
.""'ly or for the purpose of bolstering up
p''sohai opinions. 1t is the misuse that is
dangerous. Even Satan tempted Christ
wv Wv" quotation from Scripture, and
s"tis1 answered all his temptations with
seSsages from Deuteronomy-that book of
''pIare SO embarrassing to German
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13

is not new, the efficacy of the Einthoven
string galvanometer in this role having
been quite thoroughly tested out by the
Poulsen radio experts both in this coun-
try and abroad. The writer continues:
"The American Poulsen interests-the Fed
eral Telegraph Company, of San Francisco
spent many thousands of dollars in their
researches on this method Of receiving radio
signals, the only difference being that the
movements of the quartz string We're highly
magnfed and recorded photogTaphically on a
moving flm.'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13

7 Asst Friday avas the seremty-sistA
IL anniversary of the birth of Will
lam James, american, psychologist md
philosopher, SON of Henry James, sr., the
.Swede9aborgian Meologio'a, and brother of
Henry james, the ,eouelist. He ayas BORN
January II, 1919, IN Menu Yorl; City, and
died August II, 1910. He qvas educated
IN private schools and by tutors IN Nesv
York and Europe, studied at the Laurence
Scientific School, and graduated from Har-
GARD Medical School IN 1870. He received
the honorary degree Of LID. from Prince
ton, Edinburgh and Harvard, and that Of
Ph ct Litt.D., from Padua. Beginning to
teach at Harvard in 1872, I've .oas appointed
professor IN 1881. At first his subjects
acese anatomy and physiology, then PHI
losophy, later psychology, and then again
philosophy. He Was Ingersou lecturer OH
the Immortality of man, at Harvard Uni
ve,.sity (1S98); Clifford lecturer ON natural
religion, at the University of Edinburgh
/ (1899-190D; LOWELL Institute lecturer
/ $500, and Hilbert lecturer on the pres
ent situation II. philosophy, at Manchester
College, Oxford (1909).
From the publication of his "P,lnciples
of Psychologist 1880, until the time of
his death, his reputation and influence,
both III America and Europe, aOere p,'oba-
big uneqa4alled by any other American
psychologist.
In "Memo7ies and Studies," collection
of addresses and essays, republished after
William Jomes's death by his son, Henry
James, jr., is chapter entitled Remarks
at the Peace Banquet" achich, possessing
It particularly timely interest, is here re-
printed. 1t was first published IN the
Official Report of the Universal Peace
Congress, held n, Boston IN 1904, ono
subsequently IN "The Atlantic Monthly,'
December, 1904.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
ssXV7e Must Cheat Our Foe. Not
w Try to Change His Nature

We do i'll. I think, therefore, TO talk
mucn of universal peace Or OF a general
disarmament We must go in for preven-
tive medicine, not for radical cure We
must cheat our foe, circumvent him in
detail, not try to change his nature In
one respect war is like love, though in
no other Both leave US intervals Of rest,
and in the intervals lie goes on perfectly
well without them, though the imagination
still dallies with their possibility. Equally
insane when once aroused and under head
way, whether they shall be aroused or
not depends on accidental circumstances
How are old maids and bachelors madeo
Not by deliberate VOWS of celibacy, but by
sliding on from year to year with no suf-
icient matrimonial provocation So of
the nations with their wars. Let the gen.
eral possibility Of war be left omen, in
Heavens name, for the imagination to
daily with. Let the soldiers dream Of kill
ing, as the old maids dream of marrying
But organize in every conceivable way
the practical machinery for making each
successive chance of war abortive Put
peace men in power; educate the editors
and statesmen to responsibility How
beautifully did their trained responsibility
in England make the Venezuela incident
abortive! Seize every preteXt, however
small, for arbitration methods, and multi
ply the precedents, foster rival excite
ments and invent new outlets for heroic
energy, and from one generation to an
other the chances are that irritation will
grow less acute and states of strain less
dangerous among the nations. Armies
and navies will continue, of course, and
fire the minds of populations with their
potentialities of greatness. But their
officers will find that somehow or other,
with no deliberate intention on any ones
part, each successive "incident" has man.
aged to evaporate and to lead nowhere,
and that the thought of what might have
been remains their only consolation.
The last weak trimmings of the war spirit
will be punitive expeditions" A country
that turns its arms only against uncivil-
lied foes is, / think, wrongly tainted as
degenerate. Of course it has ceased to be
heroic in the grand old style But verify
believe that this is because it now sees
something better. 1t has a conscience.
1t will still perpetrate peccadilloes But it
is afraid, afraid in the GOOD sense, to
engage in absolute crimes against civili-
cation.