davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-01-22
HEATLEsS MONDAY IS
GENERALLY OBSERVED
stores in Richmond Close and or
Ace Buildings Arc Almost
Vacated.
ADJUSTMENTS CLOSE TO-DAY
Order Of Fuel Administration Is
Taken in Good Part-Somc Small
misunderstanding us to Various
Exempted Lines OF Business.

Letters. kilograms and telephone
messages from all parts Of the state
were rcreivch at tho Office OF state
Fuel Administrator Byrd yesterday,
announcing that the regulations OF the
United states fuel administration were
being fully complied with. These re-
ports in every case showed that Nir-
ginia was doing what She gould to
work tremendously with tie govern
mcnt plans to conserve fuel III order
that tho many ships standing idle at
Atlantic ports because Of The lack of
necessary fuel to star; them on their
journey may be supplied
Richmond may he we'll proud of the
fact tina; she assisted materially in
l;ke efforts Yesterday. Except III a
com parativciy few cases. where the
regulations were not sufficiently clear.
the many wheels Of local affected busi-
ness came 10 Il halt and oheyed. Those
engaged in the drug business inquired
most constantly OF the local fuel COM
mission as 20 certain parts of the or
der They did not understand whether
they would be branded as violators If
any sales were made outside Of drugs,
medical supplies and foods. like sand
vicl's. chocolate and so on.
l. was mGde plain to them that since
their stores came under tho exempted
class in regard TO heating their sales
could no, include anything outside
those things specified l; was tur
ther made plain that soft drinks were
rot classed as foods by the food adj
miniatration and that tho sale OF to-
bacco and Ike articles had been made
n"ohibitory. This had been done to
protect TIC dealers "ho sold them as
sp"ciaities. Decision as 20 the food
values OF certain kinds OF soft drinks.
as cSG and matted milk and milk
sha kcs. rested mainly With their con-
sciences. Furthermore. it was pointed
out that il WAS impossible for indi-
N!GUal inspection OF their places to be
mace in view Of the amount OF work
involved. II WAS accepted as Il mat
ter OF course that these proprictorS
W. a h,ir I,It,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-01-22
VIII. NOT III:
INCREASED. SAYS GAnEIELD

Exemptions. it was indicated again
to-day. will not be increased. re-
quest by certain department stores that
they be permitted TO remain open OF
Monday ana operate only seven hours
for six days :, week. was refused.
DR. Garfield took occasion to-day to
dcnouncc proprietors of manufacture
ing plants who have announced that
they will work overtime five days q
week 10 make UP the time lost on Mon
days. That, he said. would be "a plain
evasion OF the order.
y new ruling regarding tho sale Of
food on Mondays WIS made Tonight
In ;ho original order, all food stores
were directed to close At noon. but
CONTINUED on Third Pagc).
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-12-18
DRY AGENTS MAKE
A RAID ON TRAIN
Virginia Officers Pick Man
From c. v. R. r..

A decided scare was thrown last
night into the ranks OF those citi.
Gems who had calculated on having
a little liquor in the house for the
Christmas holidays, when two agents
of the state prohibition department
swooped down on Cumberland VAL
ley train as It nealyH Winchester
Monday evening. and after searching
or rather feeling out" every pas
senger's baggage, arrested one man
G. A. Blanchfield. Of Mlddletown,
that county. on a charge of trans
porting into the state more liquor
than allowed by law. Eight quarts
of liquor were found in Blanchheld's
possession--six of them in a hand
bag and two pints in his pockets. He
was placed In Jail In default of bond
to await the action Of the Frederick
county grand jury next February.
The dry officers boarded the train at
Clear'brook
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-12-18
CITIZENS PARTY
GETS A MANDAMUS

At a special session of the supreme
cdnt awarded a writ of mansiamus
on petition of the citizens party Of
the down of Matewan. Mingo county.
requiring the town council to name
persons recommended by the chair
man of the Citizens Party commit.
tee to act as election commissioner
and challenger In town election to
be held early next month.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-12-18

Ienged the admiration OF the engineer
| ing world
Over $500 miles of roads have been
constructed on the mountains of Italy
and of Albania, and 1000 miles OF
aerial cable railroads (Teleferiche)
have been built to carry food, ammu-
milton and guns over deep ravines.
Economic Difficulties.
The magnitude of this military effort
can be fully appreciated only when one
takes into consideration the economic
structure of the nation and the nature
and number of its population. One
must remember that out OF 36,000,000
inhabitants in Italy at the beginning
Of the war only 100000 were male.
This seeming disproportion Is caused
by emigration. which was largely COM
posed of male adults. Out of those
II 100000, only 100000 were adults
economically productive. .Consequent-
~ the subtraction of the modified
forces has had an acute reaction on
the economic life of the nation. 1t is
estimated that on an average only 100
adults remained In each town or vii
lage to provide In each case for some
500 children below the age of fifteen.
Furthermore, the traditions of Ital-
Ian family life render the work of their
women an economic factor of less i'm
portance than In some other countries.
though 1t has been utilized to the ut
most and is becoming more available
as old traditions give way to wars me-
cessity.
No Troops From Colonies
Italy got no help from colonial con-
tingents. On the contrary, the scarcity
Of native troops in Itaiy's colonies
compelled the government to reinforce
them with troops from the mother
country. Nor has help come to Italy
through the cooperation of workmen
of neutral or allied countries. Italy,
on the other hand. sent a large con-
tingent of skilled workmen to France,
thus allowing her to release valued
elements for war. Furthermore, near
1y 100000 of our male adults residing
in America gave to this great nation
direct contribution to her economic
and military efforts.
To meet their military obligations,
therefore, the Italian people have been
compelled to cut into the most urgent
needs of agriculture and industry. Her
continuous lack Of labor has made the
task of feeding the army and provid-
ing 1t with munitions most difficult
one.
And yet Italy, lacking labor and In
dustrial development, lacking almost
entirely coal and raw materials, has
by a miracle of energy been able to
create almost from nothing q power
full organization OF war industries
Difficult to Obtain Goods.
The very act Of entering the war cut
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-12-18
TRIBUTE TO ELIHu ROOT.
lRy international News Service

by international News Service.)
Youngstown, Ohio, Dec. 17.-,Be-
cause he served with distinction in
the cabinet of President Mckinley, a
bust OF Elihu Root, noted statesman,
VIII be placed in the Mckinley me
mortal at Niles. Another of note
whore bust viii be in the memorial
ie John Stamburg, one of the early
iron masters of the Mahoning Valley.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-12-18
REED IS AGAINST
LEAGUE Or NATIONS
West Virginian Takes Excep-
ton To Presidents Plan.

In an address delivered at the
Southern Hotel In Baltimore, Con
gressnan Stuart F. Reed. OF West
Virginia, took exceptions to some of
the plans of former President Taft for
the formation OF a League of Nations,
Cunafe snlan Reed said
The tremendous energy put forth
by the, United States In quickly pro
ducing the vast supplies necessary
for the winning Of the war, the talk
ing over OF the railroads and other
great activities calling for the en-
ployment by the Government of an
army Of industrial workers at the
highest wages ever paid in America.
has led some OF these people to em-
brace the fallacious doctrine that the
Government can by law bring about
any kind OF prosperity II desires and
furnish employment at high wages
for all who apply
These people seem to forget that
our war prosperity. although main
tanned but for a short time, win place
upon the United States public debt
Of over thirty-seven billion dollars.
America will do her part In helping
to bring about a condition in world
diplomacy that will seek to prevent
future wars. But cannot approve
any alliance that will place our coun-
try in the grip of old world aftmosi-
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-12-18

Off Italy from one of the sources Of
supply Of manufactured products. 1t
is not necessary here to enlarge upon
the well known fact that Italian mar
kets were largely under the domination
of Germany and Austria. That Is a
situation that Is as well known to
Americans as It Is and was distasteful
to Italians. And 1t might be said In
| passing that 1t is situation that must
4 be guarded against by allied co-opera-
| ton and sympathetic economic rela-
tionshfp when peace comes. Z
Mr.. Francis III. Sisson, vice presi-
dent Of the Guaranty Trust Company,
In recent article on the economic
situation of Italy points out that while
Germany before the war dominated
the foreign trade Of Italy SO far as
manufactures were concerned, that
country was one Of the best customers
Of the United States In raw materials
and foodstuffs. That writer also points
out that It was the adjustment Of her
industrial and commercial life to the
burdensome new conditions that has
created an entirely new economic fab
ric in Italy.
"Italy's devotion of her resources to
war purposes has been complete" says
Mr.. Sisson. "Her pre-eminenee In the
production of certain articles OF com
merce marked her as the chief source
Of supply for similar products Of d
warlike nature. Her ordinary produc
ton Of automobiles. aeroplanes. tur.
bines and heavy oil engines has mere.
lily been intensified and modified In the
| direction Of such Standardization as
would permit quantity production"
Financially italy Responded Well.
Financially Italy also has responded
| to the demands Of war with an open
handedness that has surprised even her
self. From. the first Of August, 1914, to
the end OF 1917 the total expenditures
of the state were SS,S95, 100000 Cal
culating onthe basis of a monthly aver.
age expenditure for thewar Of $240,O00,-
600, the total cost of the war to Italy
would bemore than $4,000, 600. 900.
A further proof Of the financial ef-
fort Italy made for the war, notwith-
standing her small means, are the five
national loans. The first one yielded
about S2O0.000O00, and 1t seemed
great struggle. yet still others were
launched, all giving greater returns,
and the last one. after the disaster
of October. 1917, yielded about ST.
800 100000
1t must be remembered, too. that
labor shortage has meant food short
age. 1t has established vicious cir
Gle. Our fighters and Industrial work
ers have accomplished their work
while forced to endure regime of
restricted diet that has meant real and
continuous suffering such as probably
is not 70 be found anywhere among
the other belligerent peoples
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-12-18
HORSE DEsT MACHINE
IN GENERAL Mlx-09
(sy international News seryiess

(By international News services
Manchester, Conn, Dec. 17.Wben
horse driven by Charles Wardas.
collided with an automobile driven
by Charles Packard here the horse
mounted the hood of the auto ana
plunged both feet through the wind.
shield OF the car. demolishing Il com,
pleteiy. The horse turned somer-
sault afterwards. but neither The
driver nor the animal were hurt
seriously.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-12-18

ties. We know something of the ha =
reds and social antagonisms thae
have been seething beneath fountiS-
tons OF the government OF Contu-
entail Europe and Asia. VII mass
move among them with cautious
step"
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-12-18
,ex pR. FELlcE FERRERo,

ey DR.. FELicE FERRERo,
Director italian Bureau OF Public
Information.
The blood and treasure of Italy were
freely spent in the successful effort to
put Austria Hungary out Of the war.
While Italy's efforts We're not confined
to the Austrian front, her contribution
to allied success was greater here than
in the other places where her troops
fought the battle for civilization. Her
financial and industrial efforts have
been equal to her military effort, and
In all these directions Italy has not
Jagged behind her allies. That the
nature and extent OF these efforts may
be better understood by the American
public, wish to review them briefly.
In considering Italy's military con-
tributions, let me emphasize the fact
that her soldiers have not confined their
hghting to their own soil. Like those
Of her allies, they have gone far afield.
They contributed largely to the glori-
Gus victory on the Balkan front. A
large contingent In France first gave
powerful aid in the defense Of Rheims.
then took part IN the advance Of the
allied forces.
Italy Had $500 900 Under Arms.
Since the beginning of the war Italy
has called to the colors little less than
b,500, 600 men and has suffered loss
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-12-18
MEETING CALLED OFF

The Wheeling meeting OF the State
Education Association has been cali
ed off by the executive committee
because of the epidemic of infuen-
"a.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-12-18

y. >. Marshal G. aE. Smith. of
Fairmont, was in town last night.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-12-18
PRAYs TO JOIN ARMY,
THEN TAKES HIS LIFE
(Hy international News service.)

Chicago. Dec. 1S.--"Please, Cod,
send me over to France to heln tna
poor suffering American and British
soldiers" This was the prayer o. a
H. Olsen, OF this city, and became
1t was not answered he threw hinp
self to death here beneath q fYaiil,
He was rejected by the army beciiaea
he had wooden leg.
--------------------.-----------
Mr.. J. w Knapp. Of Parkersburg
spent last night at Hotel Berkeley.
-4-------.-------------.--------~~-
An ideal. useful Christmas gift--A
subscription to the Journal.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14

Though the ratio varies greatly, in
general the wage increase in the cases
here considered appears to be only
slightly greater relatively than the gen
eral rise in prices.
The volume Of employment is another
important factor that enters into the
problem. The Bureau of Labor Sta
tistics has furnished data for a COM
parison in this particular between
January, 1918, and January, 1917, in
representative manufacturing estab-
lishments in thirteen industries. In
January last there was an increase in
three Industries in the number Of per-
sons employed and in ten decrease.
Cigar manufacturing, for example,
shows an increase of 40 per cent, where
automobile manufacturing shows a de-
crease Of 10.4 per cent. Nine indus
tries show an increase in the total
amount of the payroll for January,
1918, as compared with January, 1917.
The largest rise-18.3 per CENTS in
woollen. Cotton manufacturing and
iron and steel show increases of ia
and 1872 per cent, respectively. The
great decrease, on the other hand
11.9 per CENTS in leather manufact-
uring, and silk records decline Of
So per cent
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14
THE pursuit of workingmen after
"ideal" conditions will always re-

THE pursuit of workingmen after
"ideal" conditions will always re-
main elusive. if they measure
their wellbcng solely by their wages
in money. Although the average man
may fail to perceive that the value of
the dollar fuctuates, what he really
ycarns for is not fatter pay envelope,
but a larger command over the COM
modities and services that are neces-
sary to his welfare.
In deciding whether the position of
American labor to-day is stronger eco
nomically than before the war one
cannot be satisfied with a mere state
ment that the trend of wages has been
upward. What is required is a com
parison of the movement of commodity
prices with the curve of wage changes.
If $50 in 1918 buys no more shoes,
dresses, food and amusements than
SIS did in 1914, the man who had his
income doubled in that period cannot
be considered better off in any real
sense.
A statistical judgment that leaves
out the human equation, however, will!
be misleading. Various non-mathe-
matical factors enter into the situa-
ton. For example, rising prices and
war necessity have tended to curtail
consumption in many particulars. Ma
tional purposes have inculcated the
habit Of thrift through war savings
and Liberty Loan campaigns in many
persons who before the war were con-
stitutionally spenders of all they
earned. These things-partly social,
partly cconomic-defect the accuracy
of a judgment Of wellbeing based ex-
clusively on a comparison of wage
and commodity prices; yet, this COM
parison remains the fundamental basis
on which the decision has to be made.
Scientific conclusions can be drawn
only by dividing labor into certain
natural divisions. 1t is undoubtedly
true that the actual condition of we'll
being of some classes of workers has
greatly improved, and that of others
may be the same as it was several
years ago. Bricklayers may possibly
be impervious to the incursion of pros
perity, whereas steel workers may be
immersed in good fortune.
Definite wage figures are available
for the iron and steel industry. They
were published in the current MONTHLY
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14

ment plan is to make his instalment
payments promptly, or else to antici-
pate them. Any one individual is like
~ to think that the bank or the agency
through which he bought his bond does
not need his balance of $47.5O or so5
or S475 in great hurry. But the fact
IS that the sooner the bank takes that
money in the sooner will it reach tho
position of having it's funds thorough
ly liquid.
This is matter which must be con-
sldered on a basis of numbers If
everybody took the attitude that he
could be slack in his payments on the
bonds the amount unpaid on the Sc
curlties would represent tremendous
tying up of money throughout the
country. The aggregation of small
deblt balances of bonds would be so
vast as to cause great concern among
the banks, and if carried to extremes
might result in very serious financial
difficulties for the entire business If
the nation. 1t is necessary for each
'''N'' ioutl " SEC tHdC lie does not Ca
lay his subsequent payment on the
bond. f., ,ss7sY, "a
Still another important piece of work
which each of us can do is to preach
the necessity of retaining possession
OF the bonds purchased in previous
loans Several striking instances have
already been called to public attention.
showing the danger involved in soma
of the so-called patriotic purchases of
Liberty bonds in the earlier campairns
The buyers got the credit of being pa-
triotlc by merely holding the bonds
for few days or weeks until thew
were able to market them, thus trans
fcrrng their share Of the burden of
war to some other person or group Of
Individuals. While it is not to be
gainsaid that the latter were pcrfect-
~ willing to assume this burden. it
cannot be overlooked that when the
original buyers did sell the subsequent
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14

complete data upon which COMPARE
sons of wages of January, 1918, with
February and March of this wear are
not yet available, but all the signs point
to substantial wage increases and to
an expansion in the total amount If
payroll. The industrial tie-up of Jan
uary, which made that month bad
one for statistical comparisons. has
greatly loosened. and business activity,
especially in the essential industries,
has been vastly stimulated since the
first month of this year.
The outstanding fact about a studv
OF wages since the outbreak of the
war is that per capita wages have
mounted rapidly and without interrun.
ton. The probable course of WAGES
after the war furnishes fertile field
Tor speculation, perhaps for idle specu-
iatlon. 1t seems fair to assume. how
ever, that the course of wages when
peace comes is likely to follow in q
general way the trend of commodity
prices.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14

owners were removed from the group
OF possible additional bond buyers.
10 get clearer insight into the ma
ture of the duty involved, it is neces-
sary to consider just what each par
ticular bond purchase represents. Mr.
or Mrs. or Miss Bondbuyer places $50
or $500 or $1,000 at the service Of tho
government to be used for war Dur
poses. Then he or she decides for
some reason or other to withdraw that
amount from the governments war
funds by selling the bonds. The tend
ency IN such cases is not to use the
same money for further purchase of
Liberty bonds, but for some other MR.
pose. Thus the money does not return
TO the government, and, consequently
must be regarded as "out of the ranks >,
Inc specific amount represents as much
TO the nation as soldier who is can't
ured. Mhle he still has the ability to
hght he Is no longer in a position to
hight. The proceeds of Liberty bonds
SOLO Tor an unnecessary purpose are
still able to fight, but not in q posi-
ton to fight. The person responsible
for creating any such situation il
therefore lax in his duty not only to
the nation, but also to himself, because
he has removed his funds from tho
mass Of money that was collected for
the purpose of defending not only the
rest OF the population, but also him
self.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14
Number Amount Per
on of Capita

And, according to Dun's index of
commodity prices, the increase between
January, 1915, and October, 1917, in
prices was nearly eighty per cent. 1t
thus in many cases absorbed the entire
wage rise.
Over the same period as is covered
by the foregoing wage table, Dun's in
dex number shows the following move
ment Of commodity prices:
(The comparison is made by using
the aggregates of changes in the prices
Of brcadstuffs, meat, dairy and garden
commodities, other food, clothing,
metals and miscellaneous things. The
Inquire Tor January, 1916, is used for the
base, or 100, to show the relative in
creases.)