davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03

man, woman and child with about 2h
pounds a year, which is equivalent to
3 per cent of the amount of sugar they
consume in normal times. Thus there
is ample room for expansion of both
the production and consumption. The
present use of honey In the home usu-
ally is as a substitute for %jellies, jams,
and sirup. 1t is little used In domestic
cooking or baking, but this use should
be increased. While honey within re-
cent years has sold at prices sufficient
ly low to justify its use as a substitute
for sugar, II is rarely used in CONNER
cIal food manufacturing except In the
making of certain cakes which must
be kept moist for a considerable time.
Usually, however, the supply Of honey
Is SC inadequate that most Of the crop
can be used as a spread for bread.
With the use limited as It is. many
people in the United States rarely eat
honey, but 1t is evident that there
might be developed a ready sale for
honey as a supplement to sugar, II
production were increased many times.
The amount H nectar secreted by
the untold myrlads Of flowers, from
which bees make honey, is large be-
yond u comprehension. The total
amount of sugar In the nectar greatly
exceeds the amount of all sugar and
other sweets consumed by the Ameri-
can people. Unfortunately, from the
standpoint Of man, this sugar cannot
all be collected and utilized as human
food. Even the honey bee, which Is so
often used as an example of industry,
consumes for Its own food the larger
part Of all that II collects.
~Beekeeping Is. therefore, the means
Of saving for human use a small frac-
ton Of the vast store of sugar secreted.
But the raw material is free and ita
conservation costs only a smaR ex.
pendlture for equipment and relatively
little In labor, and the honey crop could
be increased 10 or even 20 times with.
out increasing the cost of production
per pound to an appreciate degree.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
Reduce FIy Injury to Stock,

Here are some of the preventive
measures advocated by the United
States department of agriculture to
decrease the losses of animals due to
the larvae of flies: Burning or deep
burying OF carcasses of animals, the
arranging of breeding operations so
that young stock will be born In late
fall, winter or early spring, the carry
ing on in winter and early spring
months of branding. dehorning and
other operations resulting In wounds,
taking precautions TO prevent injury
10 live stock from pens and fences or
while on range or in pasture, the de-
struction Of ticks and the poisoning
and trapping of flies. Farmers Bull
letin S57 describes the damage these
flies do and methods Of controlling
them. Burning or burying carcasses
is very important. II is pointed out,
since It Is on this material that mag
gots, infesting wounds, are chiefly de-
pendent for propagation. II all decay
ing animal matter could be destroyed,
the troublesome blow fies-the insect
bringing about maggot infestatio1-
would be practically exterminated.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03

Of the beds, through which steam Is
passed; by means Of an inverted pan
under which steam Is admitted or by
drenehing the soil with a formalin So
luton consisting Of 1 to 100. or 1
to 200 solution of fo~rmaldehyde.
Crop rotation Is an essential practice
whether or not II is necessary In the
control Of any plant maladies. There
are numerous fungous diseases which
appear year after year on the same
field. Some OF them, such as clubroot
Of cabbage. r strictly soil parasites
and cannot be controlled by any fun
gicide. About the only method left TO
get rid Of the organisms Is TO starve
them out. and this can be done only
by a well-planned system of crop ro-
tation. For ordinary practice, a rota-
don Of four or five years is sufficient
to reduce greatly the loss from most
parasites. Deep and frequent cultiva-
ton by means Of which the organisms
are exposed to air and sunshine as
llsts In extermlnating them.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
DEMAND FOR SUGAR
LESSENED BY HONEY
Bees viii Return Profitable Crop
of Sweets Each Year.
Ample Room for Expansion Of Both
Production and Consumption
B~eekeeplnu Should Be Ex-
tended In Many Localities.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF ~Agriculture.)
With the present growing demand
for sugar in the United States, 1t is
important that every possible means
be employed on the farm to produce
substitutes. One way by which this
can be done is to keep bees and get
a crop Of honey, which can be used In
many ways In place Of sugar. The pro-
duction Of honey In this country can
be increased without great effort. Not
only should those who already keep
bees increase the number of their col.
Onies, but the industry should be FIX.
tended In localities where b~eekeeping
has not been tried on a commercial
scale.
The average annual honey crop OF
the United States is about 900
pounds and is sufficient TO supply each
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03

many years. The increase In the NUM-
Der of birds is attributed to the aboli.
ton of spring shooting under the OPP
GRAFTON of the federal regulations. The
law already has been very beneficial
to 81 ortsmen and as a food protective
measure, and under the continuance Of
existing protection there is every rea-
son to hope for an ever-lncreasing sup
ply of wild fowl which will greatly i'm
prove shooting conditions in the years
to come.
The department appeals to the pa
triotism and true craftsmanship of all
persons to cooperate with 1t in the
enforcement of the federal law. II
Is gratifying to know, says a recent
statement from the department, that
the majority of sportsmen have OBJ
served the regulations, and this fact
has contributed largely to the success
sul results accomplished. The depart
ment has planned to increase its force
of wardens who win be active during
the spring migration In securing evil
dence upon which to base prosecutions
against those who may violate the
law.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
LIMESTONE FOR SOUR SOILS
Farmers Have Been Too Slow In Ap.
preciatino Its Value-Aids Manure
and Fertilizer.

Ground limestone is the greatest
known aid to bigger, better crops.
Farmers have been far too slow IN
approaching Its value. Only ten years
ago, not more than a few hundred
tons of lime we're used In this country
annually. At the present time the
yearly tonnage has mounted up to the
million mark. but even this is too lit.
tie. by far.
It has been said that one acre In
every three Of arabic land in this eoun.
try is sour. Authorities claim mat
lime Is badly needed all over eastern
Ohio. Nearly every acre Of land In
New England is In need Of lining
Also the land Of the Atlantic and Gulf
coast plains. In Wisconsin. four-ffths
Of the land in the state needs II badly
EveR in the heart Of the corn belt, the
richest land In the world. farmers are
turning to the use Of lime to grow BIG
crops Of corn and wheat. Every acre
Of soul land in me country badly needs
and should have two TO four tons Of
ground limestone applied.
Surely II every farm in the garden
spot OF America (the corn belt) hndk
Il profitable TO use lime. II win pay
men in less favored sections Of the
country.
Not only Is lime good In Itself 70
sweeten sour farms, but Il helps ma
nure and fertilizer make good crops
By ~liberating other vital plant foods
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
FILLING CORN To
INCREASE YIELDS
Better Methods Of C~uItivating
Crop Are Urged for PrOduc-
ing More Per Acre.
GENERAL PLAN is OUTLINED
In Some Sections Employment Of Fer
tiIlzers to supply Needed Elements
Of Plant Food lie Of Greatest
Importance.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of A~griculture.)
The use of more efficient nipple,
ments will increase total production,
not only by increasing acreage, but
also by increasing acre yields.
Yields per acre may be increased
by better methods Of filling the
ground and better methods of cultivat-
Ing the crop. Any general advice as
to better methods of tillage must be
modified to meet specific conditions, as
methods found valuable In some local
tiles may be of less value or even detrl-
mental in other localities. As general
advice the following suggestions are
valuable and properly applied will lead
to increased acre yields.
Land is plowed In order to loosen II
and enable water to enter In greater
quantity, be absorbed to greater depth,
and remain longer in the soil.
A deep seed bed well supplied with
soil moisture and well drained makes
a big corr yield possible, whether the
summer proves "too dry" or "too wet"
II not well plowed, some lands are
so lmpervious that during several
weeks Of rainy weather they remain
dry below a depth of 5 or 10 inches.
When the soil is loose to a sufficient
depth, corn roots penetrate In abun-
dance to a depth Of 3 or 4 feet.
The growing Of clover and deep
rooted plants is profitably practiced
with most soils, and ~subsOiling is prof
itably practiced with some soils to in
crease their notwithstanding capacity
and to enable The corr roots to use the
soil to greater depths.
Large plows and plenty of power
will facilitate this thorough prepare
ton of the seed bed,
On many heavy clay soils the yield
Of 0 r per acre depends largely upon
the thOroughness of the blowing.
II is necessary to loosen all the land
and leave no large air spaces. To "cut
and cover" is not good practice.
Difference In Flowing.
A pasture field was plowed In alter
nate strips by two men, one a careful
plowman and the other a poor plow-
mal. The poorly plowed strips showed
poorer corr all through the summer
and produced 20 bushels less corn to
the acre than the well-plowed strips.
The careless plowman allowed the
pillow to "cut and cover" In places,
leaving hard spots where the pillow
did not loosen the land and large air
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
GREAT DEMAND FOR POPCORN
Short Crop Last Year Has Almost
Exhausted Reserve Supply In
the United States.

The enormous increase In demand
and a short crop last year has almost
completely exhausted the reserve sup
ply Of popcorn IN the United States.
10 previous years the reserve has al
ways been maintained. In 1915 the
popcorn raiser sold his 1915 crop. In
1915 he sold his 1914 crop, etc. But
now that reserve Is gone. and the 1917
crop Is on the 1918 market months be-
fore Il would be marketed normally.
And popcorn that usually brought two
cents per pound in the field two years
ago is now bringing FIVE and six cents
and may double in price within the
next year.
The 1917 crop win be barely sufff-
Client to supply the counfry's demand
for this delicious c~onfection until .
new crop Is harvested. But the price
Of corr In the field is bound to in-
crease materially.
Until q few years ago the average
man gave little thought to "the corn
that pops" He looked upon popcorn
as 4 business for street vendors
Here Il an opportunity that every
farmer should investigate. The United
States department Of agriculture has
issued several bulletins o. the produc-
ton and marketing Of popcorn.
Write for bulletins numbers 202 51
5x
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
Early Cultivation ls an Aid to In
creased Corn Production.

spaces where the overturned sod buck
led and did not come In contact with
the subsoil. Hills of corn growing on
hard spots or yer large air spaces
usually produce poorly.
The most successful corn growers
realize the Importance of thorough
early CIVILIZATIONS, which prevent any.
check in the growth Of the plants due
70 weeds or crusted soil. From the
time OF termination to the maturing
OF the corn the farmer should see that
the plants are not subjected to any
p~reventable unfavorable conditions.
but are permitted to make a steady
vigorous growth.
Use Needers and Harrows.
Horse weeders and harrows should
be used when needed to break a sur
face crust. check insect depredatlons,
Or kill young weeds that start before
he corn rs up or lsrge enough TO be
worked with other implements. For
the first cultivation after the plants
are up, and while they are very small.
narrow shovels that throw the soil
very little should be used, and tenders
usually are desirable TO prevent the
covering Of the plants.
After the plants have reached a
height Of . or 8 feet. the soil. even
In the middle Of the rows. should not
be cultivated deeper than 4 inches,
and usually a shallower cultivation
win prove better. For retaining soil
moisture a loose soil mulch 2 or 3
inches 10 thickness should be main
tanned.
Corn should be cultivated often
enough to keep down weeds and to
malntsIn constantly a loose soil mulch
until the corn has attained It's growth.
To this end = greater number Of cult
vations win be necessary when rains
At intervals Of about a week cause the
surface son 20 run together and crust.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
capltal In Dairy Farming.

Very few people realize the amount
of money invested in the dairy farms
Of the country. The department Of
agriculture reports that on January
1, 1918, there were 23,3S4,00O mich
cows on farms In the United States,
and these cows were valued at $685.
$4,000. Add to this figure the value
Of lands, buildings and machinery
used in dairy farming, and the aggre-
gate is s%tupendous.
The investment in individual dairy
farms varies considerably, being In
fluenced by land values, the number
and kind of buildings, and the quality
of the cattle kept. A modern dairy
Of so cows, capable of producing a
daily average of 800 quarts of milk,
would require ar investment In equip
ment of approximately $4,000. This
would be divided as follows:
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03

fectly still and silent-O on a dead branch
or a mullen top or a bunch of leaves
then suddenly making a dart into the
air, wheeling and returning to his
perch. That is the traffic cop on duty
at the crossing Of busy insect thor
o~ughfares.
You see-rather, you 60 not see IN.
less you are very keen-eyed and pa.
tient, but he Is there none the less
the yellow-bllled or the black-billed
cuckoo slipping silently, like a sleuth
In gum shoes, from branch to branch
and from tree to tree. He is the plain
clothes man, releatlessly hunting down
the willy enemies Of natures social
order.
There are special policemen, watch
officers and the like, for various spe-
cial duties. The woodpecker, with the
brown creeper and the nuthatch ia
help him once In a while, stands guard
over the tree trunks while the warbler
and the vlreo dc duty on the leaves
and little limbs.
But most interesting Of all, perhaps,
are the patrolmen of the air, tlrelessly
going their rounds, from dawn to dusk
and from dusk to dawn, policing every
foot OF "the space 'twlxt the earth and
the sky" At twilight. the night pa
Observation-Disclosures and whippoor
will-go on duty. In the gray dawn
they are relieved by the day patrol
men-swallow and swift.
And these day patrolmen are OF the
greatest Importance, not only in pro-
tecting mans property, but In max.
ing living conditions tolerable. II the
mosquitoes, gnats and files that swal-
lows and swifts consume were per.
mitted to run riot, living would be
increasingly a thing Of pain and scr-
row. 1t follows, then, that swift and
swallow, like all good policemen, are
entitled to be kindly thought Of by
the people they protect.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
Exercise Prevents Pig Thumps.

When the pigs are from four or FIVE
to ten days old, be on the lookout for
thumps. The best-looking fat little
pig is the one to go first every time.
An almost certain indication is a lit
tie roll Of fat around the neck. While
there Is no known cure for tbumps,
the trouble Is quite easily prevented.
Plenty Of exercise for the pigs is the
answer. In cold, etormy weather out
of-door exercise is impossible, but II
a central narrowing house with an al
leyway is used, get the little fat fell
lows into the alley and put in about
ten or fifteen minutes three or four
times a day chasing them with a bug
~ whip, until they are pretty wen
tired out. II this Is impossible, try
putting one or two Of the little pigs at
a time in a large barrel or hogshead.
placed by the narrowing pen. The
pigs win hear the old sow making a
fuss and in running around the bar
rel hunting for a corner to climb out,
generally win take the exercise neces-
saFy to ward OF thumpS A consider
able rart Of the battle is won II the
litter gets past the first ten days or
so with a good start.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
MILK'S JOURNEY
!. COW TO KITCHEN
Many Farmers Working Hard to
Give People Clean Food at
Earliest Moment.
DIFFICULT STEPS IN SYSTEM
Product Must Be Carefully Cooled to
Keep It and Then Hauled over
Bad Roads to Railroads-Dif-
ferent In Small Towns.

In the handling of foodstuffs the
American people constantly demand in
creased service. Package goods, deliv-
cries and special deliveries, buying in
small quantities and so on, all require
additional labor by some one. The
milk consumer now is accustomed to
find a bottle of clean, cold milk on
the doorstep in the morning. If the
milkman Is late or does not come at
all, vigorous complaint is voiced. Such
a complaint is likely to be based on a
lack Of understanding of the many
difficult steps involved in the modern
system of distributing milk.
Up Before Daybreak.
Way off In the country somewhere,
perhaps as far as 200 miles, some
farmer must rise before daybreak to
feed and milk his cows. The milk
must be carefully cooled to keep 1t
sweet, and must then be hauled for
several miles over sometimes almost
impossible roads to the railroad.
Long Haul to City.
Then begins the long haul to the
city where the milk is carried on big
trucks to the Dealers plant. There 1t
is carefully pasteurized, bottled and
placed In the refrigerator. The next
morning about one or two o'clock the
bottled milk Is loaded on the delivery
wagon and the driver starts on his
way. carrying from 800 to 400 quarts,
all of which must be delivered before
breakfast time. OF course In small
towns this system is simpler, as the
farmer often delivers the milk directly
to the consumer, but even then there
are so many difficulties that the milk
man may be excused If he is a little
late now and then.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
CAMPAIGN AGAINST
INSECT CRIMINALS
Many Birds Carry on Active War
fare on Various Pests.
Little F~eathered sonasters Approx
mate Police Force as to Make In
terestino Study-Pewee Aeta
az Traffic Cop.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of ~Agriculture.)
Maybe you have never thought Of
the birds as an organized police force.
Maybe they have not-but, under the
marvellous and mysterious chief, the
Balance Of Nature, they approximate
a police force so closely as to make
an interesting study.
You see a great number Of black
birds-grackles, mostly-llterally COW
ering the ground in some particular
place, There has been an outbreak
Of insect criminals that the regu.
lar forces were not able to quell and
the reserve have been called out.
You see a pewee, a kingbird or a.
great crested flycatcher sitting per-
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
Helm save Game slrda

The last day Of the open season for
hunting migratory game birds under
the federal regulations was January
81 and It Is now unlawful to capture or
hin migratory game birds anywhere
IN the United States. The department
OF agriculture makes this announce
ment m response to numerous requests
for information concerning the fed
eral protective law. State game com
mlssioners and sportsmen IN nearly
every state report that more wild fowl
were killed during the open season
lust passed than IN any season for
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
ENCOURAGE BOYS AND GIRLS
Little Money Required and Current
Expenditure May Be Reduced BY
Using Wastes.

Prepared BY the United States Depart
msnt Of Agriculture)
Boys and girls should be encouraged
TO start In the poultry business. II
requires little money 70 Invest. and the
current expenditure may be reduced
IN part By utilizing farm and home
wastes. II the project begins with q
laying flock. the return begins early.
especially By experimenting the food
WuaiS of he home.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03

Added to this would be the value Of
horses and horse barn, dwelling house,
harnesses, farm machinery, etc.
The value of the land itself is the
biggest single item. 1t has not been
included in this estimate because Of
its variability. If land worth $50 al
acre is used, the land investment
would be close to $4,000. If $500 land
is bought, its cost would approximate
$4,000.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
Vain. a. Helfsr

A heifer Is valuable In proportion
to the smallness Of the feed required
BIZ her to make a pound OF butter.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
Quality II Ru.t.r

Uniformity in quality is the secret
Of success in holding customers for
the product Of the private dairy.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03
right CARE FOR
CABBAGE FIELDS
Plant Sanitation Win Prevent
Many Of Injurious Diseases
Of This Plant.
CROP ROTATION is FAVORED
Reed Bed ls often Source Of Infection
end Greatest Pains Should Be
Taken to Insure Healthy Plants
Use Lime Freely.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF ~Agriculture)
Cabbage diseases which have been
known to destroy practically entire
crops are p~reventable In the main by
simple methods of plant sanitation.
Crop rotation is one Of the chief foes
Of these diseases. Rotations should be
~practiced, avoiding crops which belong
to the cabbage family, such as cauli-
flower. turnlps, Brussels sprouts, and
kale. Keep down mustard and weeds
which harbor cabbage pests. Drainage
water and refuse from diseased cab
bage fields may carry infection, as will
stable manure with which diseased ma
terial has been mingled. The seed bed
Is often a source of infection, and the
greatest pains, therefore, should be
taken to insure healthy plants. Locate
the seed bed on new ground II pos
Sible, or sterillze by steam the soil that
Is used. Disinfect all cabbage seed be-
fore planting to prevent black-rot and
black-leg. Clubroot is avoided by the
free use Of lime and by-setting healthy
plants.
How Diseases Are Spread.
Fung0us and bacterial diseases are
carried from n place to another by
various means, such as insects, In
fected seed, transplanting from m In
fected seed bed TO the field, drainage
water, cabbage refuse and stable ma
nure, farm animals and tools, and
wind. In view of these facts the chief
aim of the farmer should be to pre-
vent, II possible, the introduction and
distribution of destructive diseases on
his farm. In order TO accomplish this,
several precautions should be observed,
of which the more important are the
dlsinfection of seed, the location ard
care of the seed bed, and crop rotation.
To disinfect seed, use one ounce Of
formaldehyde (40 per cent? to two
gallons Of water, or one teaspoonful
to a teacupful of water. Soak the
seed for 20 minutes in this solution,
dip in clear water to wash off the for
maldehyde, and then spread in thin
layers to dry, stirring If needed.
To DIslnfect Soil.
To avoid danger of spreading the
disease to nonlnfected fields by means
Of the plants from the seed bed, the
following recommendations are made
for dlsinfecting the soil in which the
plants are grown: Sterilization by
means of drain tile laid in the bottom
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Ag~riculture)
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-05-03

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF Agricultural