davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31
Broom Corn in the South

Replies to any inquiry in reference to broom corn production recently sent out by the states relations service of the department of agriculture have been very encouraging. Florida. Mis- 'sissippi. Tennessee, Louisiana. Ala bama-in fact. the majority of the southern states-give promise of de- cided future activity in the raising of this crop. which. at the present eXces- sively high price of brooms. Is quite remunerative. In November at the conference of representatives from the various boys and girls clubs of the south in Washington, increased cultl- walton will be emphasized and encour- aged. At this meeting also 1t is planned to have boy broom maker from nearby state demonstrate the simplicity of "home" broom making and give actual figures on the low cost of turning out the finished product.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31
Sanitary Milk

Kentucky Bulletin 206 by w. D. on with a view to determining the num- Der of bacteria to which milk Is sub jected during the various daily opera tions in the dairy barn and milk room and to determine the best means of pre- venting bacterial contamination The results were obtained by exposing glass petri dishes containing sterile nutri- ment medium in the dairy barn of the station and the adjoining milk room. The results indicate that in a we'll cleaned dairy barn very few bacteria Iare present in the air, but when dust is present the number is very large When the cows are in the barn the number of bacteria in. the air is ma terially increased. The presence of bedding in the stable greatly i'm creases the bacteria of the stable air. Dusty mill feeds and hay are fruitful
 sources of bacterial contamination. The act of brushing the cows adds myriads of bacteria to the surround ing atmosphere. Washing the cows udders, even when apparently clean. greatly reduces the number of bac- greatly reduces the number of bac- teria falling from the udder. Infec- tion from washed udders is less than one-seventh of that from unwashed udders. The air in a pasture upon which is growing a heavy sod of grass is nearly sterile. Ina dairy room hay ing smooth walls and a concrete floor which are regularly and carefully washed the air should be practically free from bacteria"
 It Is suggested that "to keep down the bacterial contamination of the air in the stable where the cows are milked the room must be kept well cleaned and every effort must be made Ito keep down all the dust. Dusty bed ding must be avoided, and if bedding is used dust should be laid by sprinkling. Since COW hairs are laden with bacteria, all loose hairs should be removed from the cows by currying, in order to pre- vent them from falling into the milk. However. sufficient time should elapse after currying to permit the dust and bacteria to settle to the floor before milking begins The cows udders should be carefully washed with tepid water and a clean cloth before milking begins Wiping the udder with a clean. damp cloth greatly reduces bacterial contamination of the milk. In feeding mill feeds and hay care should be taken to raise as little dust as possi- ble."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31
GET UNDERSTANDING OF TYPE

For Several months a committee, com posed of workers of the Alabama ex- tension service and experiment station at Auburn. has been working on a plan to devise a standard as basis for the sale of peanuts. Meetings have been held in various sections of the state, where the extension workers have met oil millers, farmers, and others inter- ested in the peanut crop, and a stand ard has finally been formulated. This standard has been agreed upon ana adopted by representatives of the Ala bama mills that crush peanuts. Several of the members of the stan or the ex- tension service are now engaged in demonstrating to buyers and sellers the methods of making use of these stand ards. which it Is hoped will result in the marketing of a higher average grade of peanuts and In an average increase in price received by the farm CTS The grades adopted are as fol- lows:
 GRADES ADOPTED
 l. There shall be three general classes known as Spanish, runners and mixed.
 g. There shall be three grades for each class known as No. 1, No. 2, No Spanish; No. l, No. 2. No. runners; No. l., No ?, No. mixed.
 8. These grades shall be based upon the percentage of total sound meats as follows:
 No. l, 70 per cent and up. total total sound meats.
 No. 2. S5-70 per cent and up, total sound meats.
 No. 3, so-s5 per cent and up,f total sound meats.
 4. Of grades showing either of the following shall be sold according to sample:
 (a) High percentage of moisture (b) High percentage of badly black ened hulls.
 (c) Less than 50 per cent sound meats. (d) More than 1 per cent damaged meats in No. l. per cent in No. 2. 3 per cent in No. 8.
 (e) Any mixture of red peanuts.
 5. Spanish and runners shall contain not over 2 per cent of any other yari- ety, and not over ? per cent shelled nuts.
 6. Mixed shall include:
 (a) Any mixture of more than per cent of any varieties.
 (b) Any unmixed variety with moro than per cent shelled nuts.
 2. Sound meats shall mean bright, marketable kernels. free from mold or sourness.
 8. Damaged meats shall mean kernels showing mold or sourness due to ex- posture or improper curing, but shall not include sprouted or other nuts
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31
Credit the Boys and Girls

The Idea that certain practical work done by boys and girls on the farm should count as credits in the agriculture courses fthe rural elementary and high schools is growing rapidly in popularity among educators. The basis for this idea is the belief that theN farm may and should be- come the logical laboratory for testing out and putting into practice much that is taught in the schools. and that the schools, by giving credit for home worK. can and should encourage boys and girls to make profits for themselves or to be- come more directly helpful to their fam ilieSs
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31
Useful Household Hints

If goods are but slightly scorched, the color may be restored by simply expos ing the goods to the sun or to the heat of stove. The should be moistened occasionally with clean waetr. If the scorch is deep the color may be re- stored to the cloth by applying a mix ture of onion juice, vinegar, soap and fuller's earth. Mix the juice of two onions with half a pint of vinegar, add two ounces of fuller's earth and a piece of hard white soap the size of a wal nut. Boil for five minutes. When cool pour over the scorched portions. When the fluid has dried on the cloth, re- move by washing. Repeat, if neces- sary.
 whisk broom should not be used to brush clothing, since the stiff straw will soon wear the nap off the cloth Use a brush.
 Flannel should not be used in needle or pin cushions, as the sulphur used in the manufacture of flannel will rust the needles. Linen or chamois is best for this purpose. The needles can be kept free of rust by saturating the paper in which they come with machine oil and keeping the paper in covered can or box.
 To remove oreases from velvet, stretch the cloth over a smooth board and hold the creased portion over the escaping steam from 8 tea kettle.
 A top carpet sweeper is handy tool It will pick up scraps In the sewing room. pieces of paper or the crumbs from the kitchen floor with very little effort and without stopping.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31
Markets Prevent Waste

Forty community markets have been organized and are in operation in Mas sachusetts. according to a report of representative of the United States de- partment of agriculture who recently visited the state. By means of these markets large quantities of vegetables and fruits which might otherwise be wasted are utilized and townspeople can obtain the products while fresh and at a comparatively low cost. In most towns where the markets have been established old buildings centrally located have been utilized and furnished at little cost In -lnany of the markets canning kitchens are conducted and fruits and vegetables not sold in the first state are canned either for the owner at cost or to be sold later.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31
FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE

Public officials, Veterinarians and stock owners should be on guard to report immediately any cases of foot and-mouth disease that may appear in this country, according to statement by pr. J. R. Mohler, chief of the bureau of animal industry, United States de- partment of agriculture. pr. Mohler said
 Recent cable news announces an out break Of foot-and mouth disease in England, which brings to mind the se- .rious outbreaks of that disease which have been experienced in the United States
 APPEARS AT INTERVALS
 "F'oot-and- mouth disease has ap- peared in England from time to time, as 1t has done in the United States.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31
Their Way and Mine
Fly ROBERT A. BAuR.

ny hAObENI lAs nACH. Wonder lie the factories. then the town, Bathed in smoke and fire. long dunned
 brown And wracked by crash and roar. There wonder human beings work and
 toll and sweat, Of wealth greater store. Here about my feet the gentle country
 lies, The air Is sweet and perfumed. clear
 the skies, And life Is good to live. take from Natures great full-round-
 ed breast The honest gifts she loves to grant mo
 best, And homage to her give. They In the cities scared with fro and
 toll And greed for gold and power. theli
 souls embroil Adown each crowded ktreet. While l work out my own salvation
 here, With blow and hoe and prayer. from
 year to year, That they may also eat
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31
Velvet Bean Harvest

Feed. and especially concentrates, bids fair to be short this fall and winter It is. therefore. of extreme importance that every effort be made to save and market all possible feedstuffs. Special attention should be called to the velvet bean. large part of the crop raised in the gulf states is usually left in the field. and while 1t is eaten by cattle. yet there are not enough cattle to eat all the beans. Beans ought to bring a good price this year. and they can he harvested by the children. Every effort should be made to get as many acres of velvet beans harvested and marketed as possible. The same may be said of soy beans.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31
ALABAMA PEANUT GRADES

which will dry out and be blown out with trash. g. Shelled nuts mean all shelled ker- nels. 10. Percentages shall be based upon the weights of hand shelled samples. II. Price shall be based upon the highest grade or No. 1.
 No. ? to sell for 10 per cent less than No l.
 NNo. 3 to sell for 20 per cent less than No. l.
 12. Difference in price between Span. ish. runners and mixed of similar grades to be determined by the demands of the trade.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31
Safe Priceless Cookers

Recently the national board of fire un- derwriters issued a caution against using wooden pails or tuns to mako home made fireless cookers. To eliminate the danger of fires from these valuable fuel savers, the department of agricul- ture advocates using ground-up asbestos in place of hay, paper or wood for pack ing in them. Additional safety may be attained by making the cooker from tin can.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31
Take Care of Machinery

The cost of machinery and implements is constantly increasing. Prepare now to protect implements and machinery from exposure during the coming winter. As far as possible all implements should be placed under dry shed Woodwork should be painted and all exposed iron and steel parts should be either painted or covered with grease or oil to prevent rusting.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31
Easy to Remember

From the Boston Transcript.
 Dr. Reid, celebrated medical writer was requested by literary lady to call at her house, and he said he would be charmed to do so.''
 You won't forget the address?' she said, "No. 1 Chesterfield street."
 Madam" said the doctor, T am too great an admirer of politeness not to re- member Chesterfield, and. I fear. toe selfish to forget No l.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31

In wartimes economy and efficiency are the keynotes of poultry production. The poultry keeper must save feed and at the same time increase poultry pro- auction. It is not the high cost of feed alone, since America entered the war. that has led to more careful attention to the routine work of keeping poultry ana to greater production and skill in feeding. The saving of money has been an incentive, but above and beyond that every poultry keeper realizes that get ting better production from less feed is doing double duty in conservation and production
 The first result of the wartime condi- tlons was to emphasize afresh and more eIIectiveiy than ever the benefits of graded selection of breeding stock and severe culling of the young stock while growing. When this is practiced together with good poultry management the feed bill is reduced but the production of eggs is maintained and even increased In some cases. The policy of using only breeders of the very best type reduces to the lowest practical point the waste Of feeding inferior young stock.
 TYPE AND WEIGHT
 List of well-known breeds grouped &C., cording to general type, with standard weights:
 EGG TYPE
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31

type of which the others are modifica- tions.
 Small size and great activity are com monly supposed to be the characteristics of egg type. Large size and an indo- lent temperament are supposed to be characteristics of the meat type, and medium size without either marked en- ergy or great incidence are supposed to be the aracteristics of the mediocre dual purpose, type. While this, in a general way is true, there are excep- tions, as can be noted in the accompany ing tables. These tables show that egg production and meat production are not entirely simple matter of size, weight and temperatfnent. Table No. l Is a list of well-known standard breeds, grouped according to their general type. Table No. is a list of the same breeds arranged in the order of their weight, beginning with the smallest.
 There Is a wide range of individual differences among the standard breeds, some strains of a particular breed be- ing better suited for egg production than meat, and vice versa
 PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
 Good physical development, vitality, constitutional vigor, a good digestive sys- tenn, docility and ruggedness and stabil- ity of function in the reproductive or gans are the distinguishing characters and traits of dependable good layers.
 The existence of all these, however, is not enough to insure good laying There must, of course, be reasonably good management, even if the keeper has not special skill But if with these qualities which make for continual lay ing there exists a tendency to put on fat whenever laying is interrupted, only tho clxi to keep hen in good laying condition will make her first class egg .roducer.
 The egg type or laying type or hen, in any breed, is the hen that with the qualities that make for good egg pro- duction has no quality which is an ob- stacle to continual laying. The meat type is not the converse of the egg type, even though the hen that is not good layer is fit only for meat
 MEAT TYPE GROWS RAPIDLY
 The meat type, in all kinds of poul- try, is the type that grows rapidly and at maturity carries abundant flesh especially where the preferred parts of the meat are produced. The most de- sirable meat type is rather fine in bone, with the frame well knit but not too compact. Under any kind of good man. agement a hen of this type that Is in normal condition will be good layer. She may not lay any better than a hen not quite so well fleshed, but she ought to lay just as well, and when the time comes to make meat of her she makes more and better meat, and as breeder she naturally tends to reproduce off, spring that will make more and better meat.
 Such hens are in reality of the dual purpose type no matter what their size or breed. They are equally valuable for eggs and meat. That is the kind of stock that will contribute most to the big increase in poultry that is wanted. It Is the dual purpose type of every breed-a type that exists in every breed, and can easily be made thme prevalent type without detriment to any breed, and to the benefit of every breed-that has suffered from neglect.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-31

IT the producers or eggs and poultry for the table are doing their utmost to increase production of meat and eggs, the easiest shortest and surest way is through general use of the most produc- tive types, that is, by the use On the part of every poultry keeper of the most productive types of his stock It is not meant that there should be a wholesale replacement of ordinary stock by stock or strains celebrated for extreme high production. In some cases this may be done to advantage, but with the ma jority of poultry keepers immediate gain in production must be made by good use of such stock as they have.
 GET UNDERSTANDING OF TYPE
 The first step toward the increase of poultry products--whether meat or eggs through the use of the types best suited to production, is to get a correct un- derstanding of type. Three distinct types are recognized--the egg type. the meat type and the dual purpose or general purpose type, which is commonly con sidered as an intermediate of the other two, though in reality 1t is the primary
The Washington herald., 1918-02-01
BALTIMORE PRODUCE.

Baltimore, Nd, Jan. I.-GREEN FRUITS
Apples. Baldwins. A grade, 2h-inch. per bbi
i.75a5.5: Ben Davis a7sa4as; Granos, lOoaL 80
Greeninsz, 625a6f5; Gills, s@a5.i5; Kings, 5as
SIS; Paradise SweetA 5.5Dos.oo; Rome Beauty
s.ooa5.5o; Black Twies. t.i5a58; winesaps, s.Sos
500; Russets, 4.25al.f5: stayman winesaps, s. soa
800; York Imperials I15A6B; York Stripe
'i.7sA5.z5: spy's Seeks and spitz, t7a65:- Tall.
man Sweets. 4.5oa5.co; No. q al varieties, 3.25a
400; box apples, fancy To extra fancy, Der box
l.soa2-o; do. loose as to quality, Der cwt, / 5oa
a5o Cranberries, as to quality, per bbl., 1900
$500; grapefruit, Florida, fancy, pr boa, l0Oa
40; do. fair to choice, 2SoaaN: oranges
Florida, ordinary grades. per box. 35os45o: do.
Indian River pines. 45oa5oo; strawbsrries, Flor.
Florida. refdgerators, per strap. t.ooae!oo.
ysnis. choice. round. per 100 lbs, 2es2S; DO,
long. 2soa275; New York and Jersey. 26oa2 30
Eastern Shore, MARYLAND and virginia. MeCor.
mick. 22a20; Southern Maryland. 25A2es; all
sections. red, 2ooa25; do. medium. No. y
I5oa1.75: do, culls, l0cal.25; sweets, York Riv
ers No. ], per bbl., 5.0oa5so; do, North Care
lima, 5.o0a5.p; do, Eastern Shore Maryland
and Delaware. 6.5as.oo; do, all sections, No, 2
30oa3.5o; yams. all sections. 3oos5oo; sweets
all sections. No. l. per basket. l.esai.7s; do.
No. z, per basket. l.ooal.25.
BUTTER-Crenep. fancy. Der lb.. sAS
do. choice. per b., sos5l; do. sood. per h.
issse; do. printA per h., s3a54 do. blocks,
per h., Sass: ladies'. per h.. ssaio; Maryland
and Pennsylyania rolIk per h.. za3s; Ohio
rolls. Pc h., 3aE: West Virginia rolls. PEI
Ib.. SsS; storepacked. Per ID. Sas; -AazyiaDd,
The Washington herald., 1918-02-01
MOVEMENT OF
CORN CROP Is
BEING RUSHED
All Roads Cooperate with
Record Breaking Re-
suits Reported.

Movement OF the country's great
store OF corn-the largest produced in
Its history-is now on its way to the
seaboard and other vital food centers.
The government controlled railroads
are moving l.5Oo. 900 bushels day.
This announcement was made last
night by Director General McAdoo.
who said that the movement had
eclipsed all records under private man.
agement OF the roads.
Within the last five days 5000. 900
bushels have been hauled out Of the
corn belt and rushed to the elevators
at Chicago for distribution to other
main centers. The greater part is
coming through TO the seaboard for
shipment to the allies.
Other enormous stores will be placed
throughout the East in substitution
for many wheat pfbducts, thus re-
leasing large quantities OF wheat. as
requested in President Wilson's proc
lamation for food conservation Of last
week
According to Herbert c. Hoover. the
Food Administrator. the production Of
corn in this country had been the
greatest In history. But there was a
practical famine in corn in some sec
tons because there was no trasporta-
ton for the product.
Mr.. Hoover said the whole country
outside of the corn-belt was suffering
for want OF corn. The railroads were
not moving cars into the belt fast
enough. However. he sounded the
cheerful promise that IL there could
be u big movement OF cars into the
corn belt before the end OF February,
IL would be the greatest blessing to
the country for the prosecution OF the
war.
Cars are coming out now by the
thousands. Yesterday it was reported
that there were approximately 10000
empty cars being rushed into the
corn belt from the Pittsburgh gate
way. A. II. Smith, In his report to
Director General McAdoo last night,
said $3.50 empty cars were moving
West and IS ,o65 car loads were travel
ing in the same direction. The greater
majority OF these. II was said. repre-
sent the cars for the corn section.
On all the railroads there were
moving West 72,sT5 cars and eS,5oe
moving East. Mr. Smith reported
that III cars of livestock. dressed beef
and perishibles were forwarded East
from Chicago. He said there were
eight ships bunkered in Mex York
yesterday with 1850 tons. The coal is
still frozen in and ice Is retarding
trafdc. The total movement Of coal
into New England was 2,SS cars,
slightly less than the previous day.
The Washington herald., 1918-02-01

OF SMILEAGE !.
BOOKS $4,000
Total for Nation $780,
600; Minnesota
Stands First.

Total sales OF "snileage books re-
ported up to last night asgregate
$4,000. The District Of Columbia
sales had reached the 1900 mark.
II was stated last night that Mime
sofa, which disposed Of all It's 5000
allotment within q few hours after
the booths opened. had now sold more
than double its quota, amounting 10
over $4,000 Company d, Of the
Minnesota Home Guards. purchased
800 smileage books in q block. which
they will send to the Minnesota boys
in the cantonments.
Although accurate returns are not
in, II Is estimated that Ohio has al
ready oversold her allotment II was
stated by the military entertainment
COMMITTEES that sales were going best
in the small towns, especially In the
West. II was also stated that the
smileage books are going rapidly In
towns where there are large num-
bers Of worlImen. 600 books having
been disposed Of to miners In Mime
sofa.
smilease books in Washington are
getting scarce and most of the
booths have nearly sold out their sup
ply. The books are being shipped
from Philadelphia. where they are be-
ing printed, as rapidly as possible
however. and II is expected that
within a day or two all towns will
have ample supplies and the big boom
will begin
A meeting TO devise plans for boost
ing smileage sales In Warrington viii
be held this morning at the Continen-
tai Trust Company. The meeting will
be attended by Mrs. Newton d. Ba-
ker. Mrs. Josephus Daniels, Mrs.
Bliss. Mrs. Kuhn. the presidents OF
several banks and others who are
taking an active part in the cam
paign-
The Liberty Theaters," located IN
the cantonments and National Guard
camps throughout the United States.
Will open some time next week II
is therefore urged that everyone buy
smile4ge books at once. so that when
the theaters open no soldier will lack
his smileage book