davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
NAVAL POST NOW
WITHIN DRY ZONES
Five-Mile Limit Law Is Ordered
to Apply without Amy
Reservations.
SIX STATIONS AFFECTED.
Prohibition II Irrespcctive of Whether
Incorporated cities OF Towns Are
SIcludea with the Liin;ss.

Washington. March G-Dry zones Ave
miles wide. irrespective Of Incorporated
cities ana towns within those limits. are
placed around seven permanent naval
training posts and the Naval Academy at
Annapolis, Nd, in general order an
nounced to-day by Secretary Daniels.
A statement accompanying the order
indicated that the new restrictions might
be made to apply to other camps or sta
tions later but for the present the order
applies only to the following:
Great Lakes training station, near Chi
cago; the training stations at Norfolk
Va, and Hampton Roads. the training
camp at Mare Island. California, and the
marine station at Quentico, Va, and Port
Royal, s. C.
Within the five-mile zones. under Au-
thority of the selective service act the
secretary forbtds the sale or giving away
Of any alcoholic liquor. including wine or
beer, or the importation of such liquor
except for medical or sacramental pur-
poses. AS the army has done in its regula-
tions an exception has been made in the
serving of liquor in private homes to
guests or members of the family.
In his statement explaining the order
Mr.. Daniels said 1t had become neces-
for training. He referred at length to
conditions at Newport and at Vallejo. Cal.
near the Mare Island station, which he
said the local authorities had been vainly
urged to correct.
For many months" said the state
ment, 'the evils resulting from the
presence of Intoxicating liquor in the
vicinity of certain places under naval
jurisdiction has been brought repeat
edly to the attention of the depart
ment BY various means this liquor
finds It's way into the possession of en-
listed men Of the navy and marine corps
| stationed at these places. and the moral
and physical welfare of these men is
thus being seriously endangered
"a so-called dry zone of only half
| a mile in width surrounding these sta
tions would be ineffective inasmuch as.
| in certain cases. a considerable area in
| which the Objectionable trade in liquor
fourishes would not thus be covered
1t is, therefore the strong conviction
OF responsible cfficers Oh the SPOT thai
the dry zone about these places should
be the full five miles in width irrespec.
tive of the fact that an incorporated
city or town lies within such distance.
The department strongly concurs in
these views and considers that condi-
tions amply justify the establishment
of such zones. which Is most earnestly
recommended by all tnat are interested
lin the efficiency and welfare of the
naval service.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
CHARGED WITH THEFT OF
BEER FROM FREIGHTS

Montpelier, March 6.-Armando Crespo
of Barre was arrested this morning on the
charge of larceny of beer from freight
cars in the Central Vermont railway
yard. He was able to furnish $1,000 bail
for a hearing the last Of the week unless
the federal authorities take the matter
in hand. 1t is alleged that under the
federal statutes that Grespo took beer
which was not assigned to him and that
he did not notify the station agent of his
intentions. and further that he broke the
seals of the cars to get the beer. some
II barrels of which he took at one time
and the remainder later. V. A. Bullard
United States district attorney, was COM
municated with and he advised holding
the man on federal charge, but in view
of there being no one in Montpelier tc
sign warrant he was held under the
State laws for larceny.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
u. s. TROOPS HOLDING
MILES OF TRENCHES
Indications Are That Three Division"
Are ON French Battle Front.

Indications Are That Three Divisions
Are ON French Battle Front.
Washington, March 6.-American troops
are now holding something over eight
miles of trenches on the battle front IN
France it was learned to-day. although
in an airline their frontage is only about
four and a half miles. This frontage is
liable to extension at any time to the
regular trench allotment for an army
corps
Irregularity of the trench lines Is re-
sponsible for their eight miles of length.
They are laid out so that fianking fire
may be obtained along every part OF the
| front. Strong points containing machine
guns jut out for this purpose. Tho
| trenches also follow closely any pro.
| tective slope Of the country nnd wander
| up and down hill.
| The American sector is understood 10
be divisional frontage, which means
that at least three divisions of American
troops are there to give the ieceslary
support In depth Cor the front lines.
This fact has aroused speculation here rs
to who will be selected by General Perish
ing TO command the Arst corps Of his
army. Major-Gen. Hunter Liggett Is
known to have acted In that capacity.
but as yet the expeditionary Commander
has not made any recommendation.
1t Is possible that the French system
will be followed in the American army
so far as the appointment cf corps com
manders goes 1t Is the custom in France
to select any one Of the division COM
manders in a corps and to place him at
the head Of the corps. He retains his
rank as division commander. however.
and in the case OF sho American army
that would be inajor-general. II tha
French practice is adopted therefore tha
grade Of lieutenant general may bo am
ployeG only for field army commanders.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
LICENSE TOWNS
REDUCED TO TEN
Rutland and Barre Do Not Fol-
low Lead of Burlington
and st. Albans.
BENNINGTON WET AGAIN.
st. George Ii the Only Dry Town
Swinging Back to License-IIight
Lily-White Counties.
TOWNS VOTING "WET."

The license towns in Vermont were still
further cut Tuesday and the number
voting yes was the smallest since the
local option law went into effect In 1903
in which year % places decided to try
the sale of liquor. One year was enough
for more than half Of these towns and
the next year the number dropped to 40.
Then followed more gradual decline
each year until 1912, when 1t seemed
that the minimum number of about 20.
that could reasonably be expected. had
been reached Last year only IL voted
for license and in five of those no licenses
were granted, all being very small towns.
Latest returns last night indicated that
only ten towns voted for license Tues
day. The most conspicuous changes
were Burlington and st. Albans, the other
towns changing from wet to dry being
Bloomfield, Brunswick. Canaan. Jay,
Newark and Shoreham. Somerset, In
Windham county. which went wet last
year, had not been heard from last night
| There was, however, one change the
other way St. George voting for license
Last years majorities for license were
materially reduced in some places
Barrels majority Of 1877 last year was
cut to 42; Colchester's majority of 15(
fell to 80; Shelburne's majority of s.
dropped to Sc; and Vergennes gave onl,
eight majority for license this year
against q last year.
The lily-white counties this year are
Caledonia, Essex, Franklin. Grand Isle
Lamoille, Orange, Orleans, Windsor ant
probably Windham.
THE WOMEN VOTERS.
1t will be interesting to note wha
proportion of the women of the Stat
took advantage of their new right. 81
far as could be learned last night Bur
lington and Colchester led in the per
centage of women registrants voting. will
about 80 per cent; then follow Rutland
with 80 per cent; st. Albans. with rs pc
cent; Vergennes. with 80 per cent; Will
Middlebury reports only ten per cent.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
PROH|b|T|0N|STS
BOLT CONVENTION
81 Delegates Go Over to New
National Party and 100
Others Will Follow.

Chicago, March 6.-Fifty-one delegates
to the prohibition national convention to-
night bolted to the new national party and
approximately one hundred other. includ-
ing the national committee chairman, Vir-
pii q. Hinshaw signihed their intention
Of 1oininx the new party. which was FORM
ed by socialists who boited from tie st.
Louis convention.
The action was taken because OF failure
Of the prohibition party convention to vote
for a merger with the national party.
The 81 boilers. led by National Conven-
,ion Chairman H. P. Faris OF Missouri,
w. ]. Calderwood of Minnesota. ana state
senator Lobeck Of Minnesota, formed out
side the convention hall whilo the ma
tional party was in session and in loud
voices proclaimed their desire to :oin that
marty. A secretary was appointed to take
their names and after paying dues and
receiving membership sards they were
admitted to the convention and allowed TO
vote.
In addition to the individuals who baltea'
IL was announced that a number OF states
would completely disband their prohib'-
ton organizations and join the Nationai
party. Delegates from the followins
states announced that their State con-
yentions would take this action; MIN
nesota, Wisconsin. New Jersey. Massa- :
chusetts, New Hampshire. Kansas. Ore
son. Washington and North and South
Dakota.
Delegates predicted that many Other
States would take similar action
| After 1t became apparent that Iarge
number of prohibitionists would bolt
| resolution was brought before the com
mittee by anti-merger delegates suggest
i xlan inf
the SSanlon resolution which wouio
ampIIfy 1t. The committee then sent !t1
| Interpretation to the National party con-
vention. saying that the prohibitionists
| committees, State. local and national
could withdraw candidates at any time ir
favor of national candidates and thai
anyone who bolted to the National party
could retain his membership In the Prohi'
bition party II he SO desired.
The National party adjourned until TO-
morrow after electing David Coates o.
Colorado permanent chairman SO as Il
give the prohibitionists time to Obtain
their credentials before further business
was taken up.
Virgil c. Hinshaw prohibition ma
tionaI committee chairman at the clos
Of the prohibition convention outline,
q plan of cooperation with tn
national party. War prohibition with
in 90 days. final action on tho con
stitutional prohibition amendmen
within Is months elections OF Stat
legislators and congressman favorin
tho two parties are the chief aim
which will be sought. He announce
that w. ]. Calder, wood Of Minnesotf
would run for United tSates Congress
on the national ticket and that Joh
SparEo. OF Vermont ALSO probabl
would run for Congress. Both woul
be supported by the prohibitionists n
said.
J After sending kilograms to Presiden
Wilson and both Houses of Congress
urging immediate war prohibition an
pledging Its loyalty, the conventio
adjourned.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
SALE OF THOROUGHBRED
BERKSHIRE SWINE
Thirty.eight Head Bring $4,000 Mt Auc-
tion I'm BruttleborO Pavilion.

Brattleboro, March Elm the first con-
signment sale Of thoroughbred Berkshire
swine ever held in New England. 3S head.
principally bred sows and gifts. were
disposed Of by auction here this after
noon in the pavilion of the Pure Bred
Livestock Sales company for upwards of
5000, or an average Of about $140 Ten
head were bought by Vermonters, the
rest goinng largely to Massachusetts and
Connecticut purchasers. The highest
price was $215 paid by Arthur B. Clapp
Of Brattleboro for a yearling SOW con-
signed by Flintstone Farm. Dalton, Mass.
The sale brought together some of the
best known Berkshire breeders In the
county and was opened by a talk on the
progress of the Berkshire breed by Harry
w. Knights of Littleton. Mass. president
Of the American Berkshire Congress, who,
before the sale, was elected president
of the New England Berkshire club. AT
business meeting the New England
Berkshire club changed its constitution
SO as to absorb the Connecticut Berk'
shire association.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
RICHTORD.

Moderator, w. B. Locklin: clerk, H. H.
Rounds; treasurer II. H, Rounds; select
man for three years. H. H. Comings; first
constable, Oscar McGregor; second con-
stable. Charles II. Herbert; collector.
Oscar McGregor; lister for three years.
M. v. Taylor; lister to fill unexpired term
of T. d. Haughey. A. NJ. Pond; town
agent. A. b. Rowley; auditor. Herbert b.
Coming; superintendent Bakersfield Poor
House association, ID. w. Carpenter; over
seer of the poor. d. w. Carpenter; grand
Jurors. ID. w. Carpenter. Mrs. Lou X.
Thomas and A. O. Selby; school director.
f. Carl Carpenter; trustee u. s. deposi,
money. G. F. Ladd; tax. $500 Of the grand
list: vote on license no 2l7. yes 49,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
VERMONT ESCAPES STRIKE
OF TELEPHONE GIRLS

Boston, March 6.--The threatened strike
pf young women operators Of the New
England Telephone company was averted
late tonight at a conference arranged
by Henry B. Endicott executive manager
OF the Massachusetts Public Safety Com
mittee.
The strike had been ordered to begin
next Friday morning in many exchanges
In Maine, New Hampshire. Vermont and
this State outside of Boston.
The settlement agreed upon involves a
reclassification of the varying schedules
of wages paid In the different exchanges
and grants a wage Of SIG a week for en-
ployes who have seven years in service.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
JOHNSON.

Moderator. o. II. Wilson; town clerk and
treasurer, C. N. harrington; selectman.
Phil French; road commissioner. William
Davis :, overseer of the poor, Smith Davis;
lister, Charles Brannon; nrst constable
f. Il. Holmes second constable Joseph
Odell: school board MRS Nellie Dodge; |;
,,hrarv committee. Ida Barton; grand
Juror william Tracy. Voted $1,000 for
Red Cross. Y. NJ. c. A. and Knights of
Columbus. Voted tax of $275. The hat
was nassed and 500 collected to buy yarn
for the Red Cross.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
TOWN MEETINGS
SHELBURNE.

Moderator. Carl Fletcher; clerk, G..
l.. Page; treasurer. Harris Mack: Sc
lectmen. Thomas Mitchell. w.
Mack. NJ. B. Thompson; constable. G..
NJ Roberts. Michael Coggins; collector,
G. NJ. Roberts: listers. Henry Harring-
ton, Irving Elliott. Thomas Mckenzie;
road commissioner. John Ready; town
agent, Carl Fletcher: auditors. Walter
Webster. Thomas Thompson, David
Tower; overseer of the poor. G. NJ. Rob-
erts: grand juror. Carl Fletcher; school
directors, Bert Marsette. Clarence Nor
gan. Henry Tracy; library trustees,
Mrs. Vaughn, Mrs. Stanton: cemetery
commissioners, c. p. Van Vliet. Henry
Harrington, W. NJ Webster. B. II
Mack; the vote on license: No 90. yes
1856.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
$4,000 THRIFT STAMPS
SOLD AT TOWN MEETING

Lyndonville. March 6.-Following a
patriotic address at the town meeting
yesterday by Principal Mathewson OF
Lyndon Institute he called for subscrip-
ton for thrift stamps and in ten min
utes $4,000 worth were sold. Six
subscribed $1,000 each and no subscrip-
tions of less than fifty dollars were re-
ccived.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
TO CLASS RYE FLOUR AND
MEAL AS WHEAT FLOUR
The Food Order Made on Account q
Lack Of Wheat Substitutes.

st. Albans, March Con account OF
the difficulty being experienced by the
bakers in securing wheat -four substi-
tutes in sufficient quantities. rye nour
and meal will be considered as wheat
flour substitutes until March 81, ac-
cording to a statement put out at the
office of the federal food administrator
for Vermont. Bakers using rye hour
as substitute must procure other SUD-
stitutes on list before March 81.
The enforcement of the baking regu-
lations will be strict and cases where
bakers are disregarding the Victory
bread rule will be taken up with view
| of revoking their licenses.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
AUSTRIAN HAD Walls
OF DISEASE GERMS

New York, March 6-Raiding the room
of Theodore Erdos an Austrian In the
Bellevue Medical College where he Is en-
ployed as a chemist, detectives tonight
discover several Walls containing disease
germs. Erdos is detained on a technical
charge of grand larceny.
Erdos warned the detectives to be
careful with the Walls. He told them they
contained germs of measles. scarlet fever,
diphtheria and other diseases.
Erdos said he was horn in Austria
and had been in this country 13 years. He
denied he had the germs fog any criminal
purpose.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
GIFT TOWARD SUTTON'S
SOLDIER MONUMENT

Groton, March 6-Announcement was
made at town meeting yesterday that
Mrs. T. b. Hall had given lot and
Sl.5o0 in money toy be added to the recent
gift of the late Mrs. Margarete j. Meader
of Dorchester Mass. for n soldiers
monument here. Mrs. Meader left $1,000
in her will for monument and spent
her early life here.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
FRANKLIN co. BOARD
EXAMINES 80 MEN

st. Albans, March 6.-Thirty-two men
appeared before the local selection board
for Franklin county yesterday for ex-
animation and a total of % was passed
upon. The advisory board is composed of
Or. C. Z. Allen of Swanton and Drs. H. H.
Johnson, Arthur o. Morton G. o..
Mitchell, f. w. Norris, w. J. Upton and
D. A. Hyatt. Miss Pearl b. Dyke is clerk.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
Is MERCHANT MEN
SUNK IN WEEK
IL Exceed 1000 Tons Each
British Losses Same as in
Preceding 7 Days.

London, March 6.-Eighteen British
merchantmen were sunk by mine or sub
marine in the last week, according to the
admiralty report tonight. Or these IL
were vessels of 1900 tons or over SIX
being under that tonnage. NO nshing
craft were sunk.
Arrivals of British merchantmen at
ports in the United Kingdom. 2.Olo: sail
ings, 2,2O9. Merchantmen 9nsuccessfully
attacked, six.
The losses to British shipping In the
last week were the same as in the pre-
vious week with respect to the number
of merchantmen sunk In the previous
week. however, II of the is vessels
destroyed were Of more than 1,6o0 tons.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
MORRISTOWN.

Moderator. T. C. Cheney; clerk and
treasurer. Il. S. Robinson; selectmen, Il.
w. Gates, r. C. Stafford and @. S.
Campbell; first constable. j. M. Kelly;
collector, d. A. Lafountain: listers, d.
N. Hutchins. c. H. Richardson and E.
+. Johnson; road commissioner, to be
appointed by selectmen; town agent,
+. G. Fleetwood; auditors. C. H. A.
Stafford. A. II. Slayton and L. NJ. Num-
son; overseer Of the poor. o. w. Chat
fee; grand jurors, w. II. Towne, r. C.
Cheney; school directors. c. A. Siay.
ton, q. l. A. Smith and p. c. Cheney
trustee ". 8. deposit money, w. NJ Sar-
gent; cemetery commissioners. G. M
Powers A. r. Campbell. c. II. Slooum
q. w. Clark and N. D. White; tax
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07

$3.50 on the dollar of the grand list;
vote on license: No 24S, yes Ga; inspec-
tor of leather, C. H. A. Stafford; weigh
er of coal. L. NJ. Monson; surveyor OF
wood and lumber, ]. r. Parker; ap-
propriated for Memorial day. $35; APP
propriated for fire department, 800;
appropriated for band, 800; appropri.
ated for Morristown Cemetery associa-
ton. 5000; appropriated for Pleasant
View Cemetery association, $500. There
was an unusually large number OF
women at town meeting and nearly 1OC
took advantage of the opportunity OF
voting.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
GERMANY CAN, WILL
AND MUST BE BEATEN



Syracuse, N. Y, March 6.-"Say to them
Il is q great heresy to believe that Ger
many is invincible Say to them that
Germany can be beaten; that Germany
must be beaten; that Germany will be
beaten"
That Is the message from General John
]. Pershing In France to the people of
America, delivered In Syracuse by the Rt.
Rev. Luther B. Wilson. bishop of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, who spoke
here tonight.
The bishop paid his respects to German
symbathixers and said that any man in
public life even In as high station as the
United States Senate who would by his
utterances give encouragement to Amer
lea or hope to her enemies" forfeits his
rights to those privileges and immunities
ks~hioh attach to citizeship In this LAND.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
HINESBURG.

Moderator, G. N. Baldwin; clerk and
treasurer, j. S. Niles, assistant. Miss
Mary Niles: selectman. for three years,
]. ]. Chapman; listers, for thrse years.
f. c. Giffln, for two years. p. H. Nc
Donough: road commissioner and con-
stable, Grant Barker; auditor. for three
years, H. H. Paige; overseer of the
poor. II. NJ. Paige; grand Juror and
agent. G. N. Baldwin; school director.
G. N. Baldwin; library trustee. Mildred
Burritt; cemetery commissioner. H. W.
Russell; tax. $2,25 on the dollar of the
grand list; vote on license: No 100, yes
90; vote on NTH class license, no 104.
yes II; for State aid for roads. $500.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
SOUTH BURLINGTON.

Moderator. F. B. Corcoran; clerk and
treasurer. II. H. Wheeler: selectman. C.
II. White; constable. F. f. Lord: second
constable, w. II. Tupper lister f. r.
slocum: town agent. II. H. Wheeler;
auditors, w. G. Hartin; oversser of the
poor and poor farm director. w. g. Heath
library trustee, w. H. Tupper; trustee
U. deposit money, H, H. Wheeler; tax.
nS5 Of the grand list; vote on license.
no H. yes II.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
RICHMOND.

Moderator. S. G. Nichols; clerk. S.
Greene; treasurer. NJ. D. Dimick; Sc
lectman. Thomas whalen; constable. NJ.
Murphy; listers. F. G. Nichols. w. E..
Flagg. e. A. Rhodes; overseer of the
poor, F. w. Fay; tax. $2.24 on the dol
lar Of the grand list; vote on license.
yes 80. no 102.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
HUNTINGTON.

Moderator, Harry Ellis; clerk. H. A.
Alger; treasurer II, A. Alger; select
man. Il. T.. Bates constable. T.. r. Sar-
gent; collector, b. +. O'Brien; listers
for three years. ID. G. Martin: road COM
missioner. Harold Walton: town agent
B. F. OBrien; auditor, II. l.. Holland;
overseer of the poor, A. j. Swinyer;
grand Juror. ]. w. Spaulding; school
director, A. H. Higley; library commits.
sioner for Ave years, Mrs. Bert Nor.
rill; trustee U. S. deposit money. C. W
Johnson; cemetery commissioner. Ave
years. J. c. Carpenter; tax, s1.S5 on the
grand list; vote on license. No 81, yes
IA.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07

To Advertise through the classi.
fled for the man or woman needed In
your organization Is to establish immsdi'
ate communication with them.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
WESTFORD.

Moderator. T. w. Grow; clerk. H. T..
Pierce; treasurer, II. Z. Pierce; selsotman.
II. d. Grow; constable. c. d. Paige; lister
r. w. Grow; road commissioner. +. u
Longe; town agent. B. c. Hall; auditor.
f. B. Adams; ovcrser of the poor. r. B.
stearns; Crane Juror. NJ 4. Kenyon;
school director, Mrs, Miles Nelson: tax,
$500 of the grand Iat; vote on license. TO
co. yes 4,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07

For the woman who In Just now buying
to solve q clothes-buying problem. to<
AAx'A sAa Ara IN Immediate hslA
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1918-03-07
HYDE PARK.

Moderator. 8. B. Waite; clerk and treas
,,rar Mrs. r. c. White; selectman. Har-
49, rurner; listers. A. C. Davis. s. B..
,v.,,e r. A. Wedge; school director. Don
woAI,ihter; road commissioner. Harold
I.vatt. oyerseer. Albert Whitcomb; con-
...,,,s and collector. b. II. Crowell; trus-
n 8. Page; auditor. +. M. Culver:
arand s,s Jurors. e. A. Wedge. S. B. Wait;
"ant r.. w. Hulburd: tree warden. Mer-
fCs.tinueS oA yags Souy.l