davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bossier banner., 1918-05-02

tain tHcIn. we
are fighting for
t h e fundamental
t h o u & h t 8, the
d r e Il m S, I h e
ideals, thc aspira-
tons, which to-
day are seething
in the vast poly
glot community
which we call the
United States Of
America. ln0t Is
what we are fight
ing for, we Amer
leans, whether Of
English blood. OF
French or Italian
or r Il S 81 an or
SDaniSh blood.
The Bossier banner., 1918-05-02
EStrayed

From my place. west Of Plain Dealing.
about March 18th, Il blaZe-face Bay
MARE, weight about go pounds. three
white feet. sore on right thigh in good
condition, and had on small bell. The
finder will please notify J. H. JOHNSON,
Plain Dealing, La. 1S-J-pI
The Bossier banner., 1918-05-02
WOULD GERHINIZE THE WORLD.

\ booklet issued by the Committee
on Public Information ut Washington
exposes some of the utteranceS Of the
highest officials of the German Empire,
and shows how, for years. the TeutOnS
have been studying the plan through
which the world might he Gern!aniZed.
We reproduce here Il few OF the para
graphs which show how Germany
would use their kultur OH the different
nations:
The Kaiser (1915): We are the
salt Of the EARTH
Woltman (1gU3) The German race
is called to bind the earth under its
control. to exploit the natural reSour-
ceS and the physical powers of man, to
use the laSSive races in subordinate
captivity for the development of its
kultur''
Springman (1915): with the help
Of Turkey. India and China may he
conquered. Having conquered these,
Germany should civiliZe and German
iZe the world. and the German Ian
guage."
SchmitZ 1913) I'VE must not look
for permanent peace as Il result of this
war. Heaven defend Germany from
that"
Robert THEM. Il New York German.
in letter 19O2): The GermaniZa-
ton Of America has gone ahead too
far to he interrupted. In a hun-
d,rd ycars the american penplc wW be
| conquered BY the rictOriDMs German
spirit. 50 that it rHV present a east
German empire. WhOcrcr dOcs not be-
HCrr this lacks confluence in the
strength of the Gcrman spirit"
Pastor Rump 1914): Take heed
that ye he counted among the blessed
who show declining England corrupt
Belgium. licentiouS France uncouth
RUSSIA the unconquerablc youthful
power and manhood of the German
people in Il manner never to be for
gotten. Brethren. make an end
of this generation of viperS with Ger
man blows and German thrusts.'
Karl Kuhn G91H: Mast kultur
| rear its lOnleS over mountains of corp
SeS. OCEANS of tears. aud the death rat
| tie of the conquered: Yes; it must
The might of the coiEIueror is
| the highest law before which the con-
uuered must bow"
Pastor Baumgarten 1914: I'VE are
| compelled to carry on this war with IL
| cruelty. Il ruthlessnesS. an employment
| Of every ina ayinable device unknown
| in any previous war"
These are only some of the thoughts
and sayings of the Germans. but they
are sufficient to show that Germany
has had in mind fora long time the
| idea of cOnluering the world.
The Bossier banner., 1918-05-02
EStrayed

\ Brown Mare COLT, about two years DID,
missing since March 18th from the Arnold
plantation. BrOwnlee, BOssier Parish. \
reward will be paid if returned to G. b.
Smith, Benton, Route . f1I-tfI
The Bossier banner., 1918-05-02

The time has at last come when no
more idlerS will be seen in our cities.
They will have to 30 to work. The
farmer needs help, the factories are
short-llanded. and the government
plants are looking for all kinds Of
wOrkingmen. Those who cannot go to
war should he drafted in Il laEor con
tingent and compelled to assist in the
production OF food and necessities.
There is something to do for every one.
and every one should do his something
The Bossier banner., 1918-05-02
IDEAL|SM REAL
BASIS OF WAR
ON GERMANY
Says Dr.. McEIroy, Educational
Director of National Sc
curity League.

BY DR.. ROBERT N. McELROY.
Educational Director Of the National
Security League.
Why does America nght Germany
Our ideals are threatened with de-
struction, and we must fight to main
The Bossier banner., 1918-05-02

Wake up! AlgernOn DE Walletfull: !:
there is Il war going on. Put on over
alls and get out on farm and help
the farmer win the fight. You will find
the country air healthful and invigor-
ating. and if you have any good traits
about you the exercise will bring them
out
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
SOME STOCKS
MAKE GAINS
EVENING EDITION.

New York, Oct. 9.-Bulletins an
nouncing further successes of the AL
lies failed to stimulate the war group
but special stocks made greater gains
today. Advances in American tele-
phone, Western Union and Mackay
Companies ranged from 1 ga to 4 10
points. Peoples Gas and Laclede gas
also rose 2 and 3 1-2 points. Pc
troleums enhanced initial gains and
National Biscuit and Sears Roebuck
were prominent among high priced
specialties gaining 4 and S points re-
spectively. United States steel rallied
a point and marine preferred over
came early pressure, rails also re-
spending to a better inquiry. Liberty
bonds were lower, the 8 1-2's selling
slightly under par.
Recessions extending from large
fractions to a point by such leaders as
United States steel, Reading and ma
rine preferred were the only conspicu-
Gus exceptions to the general f1rmness
of stocks in the first half hour of to-
days trading. Variable strength was
displayed by oils, utilities. especially
the telephone and telegraph issues and
Bethlehem and Crucible steels. Latest
war developments induced moderate
covering of short contracts but deal-
ings were comparatively light.
War shares underwent further se+
we're depreciation during midday on
reports that Austria would o ans
nounce acceptance Of the Entente's
peace terms. Reactions Of 2 to 6
points ruled among those stocks but
rails and other standard shares were
relatively steady.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
MEN HAVE GOOD TEETH.

Camp Lewis, Tacoma, Wash, Oct. 9.
Draft registrants called here from
Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado,
Utah. New Mexico, Nevada and other
inland states nave better teeth than
men from the coast states of Washing
ton, Oregon and California. according
to data just compiled by Col. c. r.
Wolven. chief Of the dental corps
here.
"Eighty-five per cent Of all draft
men brought here need dental atten-
ton. and get it," said Colonel Wolven.
Ninety per cent of the men from the
coast states need work, however,
against 80 per cent Of those coming
from interior states"
No reason for the variance in the
condition of the teeth of men from
different sections has been given. One
theory is that there is more lime and
mineral in the water of the inland
states and another that the shifting
population of the large coas cities
may cause men to become more
| %neglectful than those living at perma-
nent homes.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
KEEP CLEAN"
IS INFLUENZA
, PREVENTATIVE
Instructions Posted at Uni.
versity Advise Men About
Care of Selves.

The following instructions from the
office of the surgeon general at Wash
ington, issued under the date OF Sep
TENDER 81, have been made the sub
ject of a memorandum It the univer-
sity military post. They contain some
very good suggestions on how to
strengthen the personal defense
1. Avoid needless crowding-dn-
fluenza is a crowd disease.
2. Smother your own coughs and
sneezes-others do not want the
germs which you would throw away.
3. Your nose, not your mouth, was
made to breathe through-get the
habit.
4. Remember the three C's-a
clean mouth, clean skin and clean
clothes.
5: Try to keep cool when yo,,
walk and warm when you ride and
sleep.
6. Open the windows-always at
home at night; at the office when
practicable.
Z. Food will win the war If you
give it a chance-help by choosing
and chewing your food well.
s. Your fate may be in your owl
hands-wash your hands before eat
ing.
9. Don't let the waste products Of
digestion accumulate-drink q glass
or two Of water on getting up.
10. Don't use a napkin, towel
spoon, fork, glass or cup which has
been used by another person and not
washed.
II. Avoid tight clothes, tigh,
shoes, tight gloves-seek to make M.
ture your ally, not Jul prisoner.
IL. When the air is pure, breathe
all Of it you can-breathe deeply.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
Worlds Market NelU:
DULUTH GRAIN.

Duluth, Mimi, Oct. 9.-Elevator re-
ceipts of domestic grain: Wheat, L.
O16,300 bushels, last year 5000;
oats $4,000 bushels, last year 5000;
barley 193,600 bushels, last year 49,
700; rye $4,000 bushels, last year
60, 700; fax 5000 bushels, last year
$500.
Shipments: Wheat 661,700 bushels.
last year IS $500; rye 142,70O.
Shipments bonded grain: Wheat
10000.
Duluth car inspection: Wheat. Nos
1 and 2 northern 1888; No. g., 6; smut
2 durum 90; No. 3 durum 1; smutty
durum g.; other drum II; 1 and 2
hard winter 10; smutty winter 8; 9TH
er winter 8; smutty mixed 6; mixed
%; total wheat 638, year ago II; fax
26, year ago 18; oats II, year ago S;
rye 119, year ago %; barley 5, year
ago IL. Total of all grains sos, year
ago 1856; on track 1913.
Weakness in f1axseed was more
marked in today's trading. Selling
from the country came at the star
and with no support from crushers
and the catching of stop-loss prices
were recorded. Covering on the low
spots led to upturns during the later
trading. October closed 10 cents off;
November, 9 cents off; December
+. 6 1-2 emit off and May 6 cents off.
Oats closed 2 1-S off for SPOT; rye
unchanged for spot; October un.
changed and November unchanged;
barley closed unchanged. Close:
No. l northern wheat, spot and ar.
rive, $2.22 1-2; No. 2 do spot, $2.19h;
No. 8, do spot, $2.15 1-2.
Linseed on track, 1888; arrive
1850 1-2; arrive, October, 1856 1-2;
October, $685. asked; November, $3.4s
bid; December. $3.43 1-2 asked; May
$3.45 asked.
Oats on track. 81 3-4@e3 IA; ar.
rive, 81 ga.
Rye on track and to arrive, $1.61;
October, $1.61 bid; November, $1.61
bid.
Barley on track, s2@e1.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
TRIES TO START REVOLT.

Amsterdam, Oct. 9.-Bearing a re-
markable likeness to the late Emper-
or Nicholas, of Russia, a %pretender
who claims to have escaped from Boil
shevik bondage and to be the former
emperor, is reported trying to bride
peasants in the Vladimir district Of
Russia to revolt against the Soviet
government according to the Vetsher-
maya Ogni, a Petrograd newspaper.
The imposter is said to have abund-
ance of money Int to have claimed
he was seeking a refuge among his
faithful peasants"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09

Chicago, Oct. gu. S. Bureau Of
Markets).-Hog receipts 10000; slow
about steady with yesterdays aver
age. Butchers $3.50 to 1880: light
$500 to $3.50; packing $17.60 to
$1S.25; rough $500 to $3.50; pigs
good and choice $1,000 to $500.
Cattle receipts $4,000; slow; tend
ency lower on all steers below 1890;
best natives and westerns steady;
beef cattle good, choice and prime
$500 to $3.50; common and me-
dunn 1915 to $500; butcher stock
cows and heifers $7.35 to $13.75;
Gamers and cutters $685. to $3.50;
stockers and feeders good, choice and
fancy $10.75 to $13.75; inferior,
common and medium SITS to $10.75;
veal calves good and choice $3.50
to $500; western range, beef steers
$13.75 to SITS; COWS and heifers
$8.75 to $500.
Sheep receipts 10000; good choice
fat classes firm: common stuff slow;
quality average poor.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
ner Arthur Nelson,

2344 Palmer Arthur Nelson.
.2422 Joe Orban.
2461 Michael William Carroll.
2473 Noble Bonnie Brown.
2497 Frank Joseph Dobmeier.
1859 Mccall NJ. Mark.
3O41 Joseph Van Ruben.
1904 Edward Ellingson.
1892 All Saifert.
1902 Albert Larson.
1920 Donald James Coan.
1874 James Arthur Foss.
1888 Charley Charlson.
I161O Henry Fred William Steinberg
1911 Harry Neubauer.
1866 Frank Lester Mondell.
2O48 Enock Oliver Ostmo.
2090 Charles Wesley Dunn.
2097 Emil Ronning Hanson.
2179 George Henry Hartmann.
21S1 John Anton Bruning.
2187 Joseph Mooer.
1900 Lalen Elroy Jenson.
1886 Frank Joseph Markovie.
|2421 Edgar Alvin Redving.
2422 George Albert Postal.
2445 Elmer Melven Hanseth.
2491 Julian Berg.
I24s6 Arthur Gustave F.reeberg.
25OS Minick johnson.
|2528 Herbert William John Lewis.
1862 Walter Wynn.
l2643 Rudolph Wynn.
1855 Cornelius Lund.
267O Edward Francis Nagle.
I2674 Andrew Ode.
2991 Stanley Sanghove.
| 3O71 Elroy Herman Schroeder.
3O76 John S. Johnson.
3OS6 Edward Gunderson.
1892 Nels Erickson.
1923 Joseph Nickolai Nelson.
1851 John Ephraim Magoon.
3179 Richard Marquette.
1896 Henry George Olson.
3215 Roy Kennedy.
1858 Clarence Ovind.
$3.50 Peter Axelson.
$3.50 Oscar Runninger.
1903 Leonard j. Grotte.
3427 Ira James Reynolds.
342S Philip Swaitlowski.
2052 Torkel A. Bjerke.
2O91 Henry Oscar Holland.
2576 Thomas Garner Lindsay.
1888 Ernest Morgan Hanson.
2699 Arne Iverson.
2777 Fred Sloan.
1857 John Grant Baxter.
1896 Thomas Mootz.
1897 Carl Friedrich Eastland.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
RECORD IN CAMoUFLAG1NG.

Seattle, Wash. Oct. 9.-Two Seattle
"camoufeurs'-the men who paint
the zig-zag stripes on ships-returned
recently from Portland, Ore, there
they spent six days supervising the
camoufaging Of six vessels being built
for the Emergency Fleet Corporation.
The total of six ships in six days is
believed a camouflaging record.
The two are George Misaphia, for
merly a New York portrait painter
and B. r. Campbell, who, in peace
times, is a Boston theatrical scenery
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
ADVISORY BOARD FORMED.

Tacoma, Wash, Oct. 9.-Increasing
the draft ages from 18 to As years has
created so many problems in claims
for exemption and questions misun-
.derstood by registrants in the Todd
shipyards here that it has been found
necessary to establish a new depart
ment with several employees who will
do nothing but advise employees of the
yards and look out for their interests.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
2999 Enfred Englund.
1910 Louis Simon Beine.
1912 Joseph A. Larson.

The following registrants did not
pass the examination, some of them
being referred to the medical ad-
visory board and others accepted for
service when the cure of certain de.
fciencies had been completed:
.1647 Carl Martin Jensen.
1867 Walter Leroy Mclaughlin.
1901 Hiram Delbert Yarde.
1911 Edward Hart.
1888 Russell Winter Dandy.
1858 Albert Julius Wendt.
3482 Carl Alvin Beckgren.
846 Rudolph Everson.
2483 Martin Moen.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
MANY CARIBOU SEEN,

Dawson City, Y. T., Sept. 1.-(By
Mail)-Thousands Of caribou have
been reported in the hills near here
bound for their ranging grounds near
Forty Mile, a Yukon liver point west
of Dawson. Every year., at this time,
the caribou move in large numbers.
Reports said this years run was very
large.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
SHARP BREAK
INFORM MARKET

Chicago: Oct. 9.-sharp breaks in
owing to fresh selling due to the
peace outlook. Liquidating by hold
ers continued and shorts became de-
cidedly aggressive. The market
showed but little power to rally.
Opening quotations which ranged
from 1-2 cents decline to IA cent
advance with November 1.1S 1-2 to
1.19 Ia and December 1.1S ga to
1.19 Ia were followed by rapid de-
clines all around.
Oats lacked support Stop loss
selling by holders was more pro.
nounced even than in corn. After
opening ga cent off to 1-S cent ad-
vance with November 67 Ia to 68
the market began an almost vertical
descent.
Provisions fell with grain.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
CHICAGO PRODUCE.

Chicago, Oct. 9.-Butter highers
receipts 1888 tubs; creamery extra.
IS 1-2 to Sc: firsts So IL to 81 lbs,
seconds 81 to 81. standards IS II
to ga.
Cheese unchanged. !
Egg receipts 1902 cases, una
changed.
Potatoes lower; receipts 90 cars5
Minnesota and Dakota bulk $1.55 to-
Ito; ditto sacks 1.80 to 100; Wis.
consin bulk 1.50 to 1.65; ditto sacks
LIS to 100.
Poultry alive lower; fowls 81 til
"a 1-2; springs Is cents
METAL MARKET.
New York, Oct. 9.-Lead unchang<
ed. Spot, sos; spelter. easy; East ST.
Louis delivery spot, offered at $40. /.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
D~1scoUNTING CURRENCY.

Fairbanks, Alaska, Aug. icy
Mail)-For the first time in it's his
tory, Fairbanks is discounting Cana
dian currency banks are now deduct
ing 3 per cent from the face value Of
the Canadian paper.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
Provisions fell with grain.
MILWAUKEE LIVE STOCK.

ceipts, 1000; 10 cents lower; prime
heavy butchers, s1s.6o@1s.75; light
butchers, $18.25@1S.70; fair to prime
light, 1920; fair to best
mixed, $17.25 1885; fair to selected
packers, $4,000 1850.
Cattle receipts, 200; steady. -
Calves receipts, 100; 50@75 cents
lower; good to choice, $17.5O@17.75;
fair to good, ST. a 1925.
Sheep receipts. 100; steady.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
FLOUR

Minneapolis, Mimi. Oct. s.-Flour
unchanged. Shipments, 86,8S2 bar
rels.
Barley, S3@91:
Rye, $1.57 1-2@1.58 1-2.
Bran. S2S.77,
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
SOUTH ST. PAUL LIVE STOCK.

South st. Paul, Mimi, Oct. 9.-Hog
receipts, $500; 10 cents lower; range,
$17.sO@18.00; bulk, s17.S0@ 1900.
Cattle receipts, $500; killers steady
to Is cents lower; steers, $6.25 a 1850;
and feeders. 10@15 cents lower, 1915
q 1890.
Sheep receipts, 5000; steady; lambs,
$10.00@14.25; wethers, $7.0O@11.5O.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
l23M ENT TOGO
TOCALFORNlA
IN TWO WEEKS
First Local Quota to Entrain
for Fort Winfield Scott
Near Frisco.

"A message received from Bismack
Is to the effect that 1913 men will en-
train from Grand Forks county for
Fort Winfield Scott near San Fran
cisco n the f1ve-day period beginning
October 20. This will be the first To-
cal contingent to be sent to a Cali
fornia army training camp.
Altogether $500 men are included
in the call for this state; in addition
to these, about 800 will be sent to the
Agricultural college at Fargo, Grand
Forks county furnishing a quota OF
seven men.
The two calls, taken together, mean
that about 80 per cent of the avail
able Glass One registrants in the
state will be called for service before
the end Of the month. The exact fig
ures are: Three thousand n hun-
dred and twenty are to be called out
Of a total Of Bats Class One men now
available.
The local war board had received
no official notice Of the new call this
afternoon and for hat reason was in
no position to offer any comments as
to the probable effect on the call OF
the prevalent outbreak Of so-called
Spanish influenza throughout the
northwest as well as in training camps
In many parts of the country.
Many Men Registered.
Yesterday afternoon a large num-
Der Of men appeared at the cour
house for physical examination by the
board of examiners; they are all
who passed the examination are con-
sidered available for service at prac-
tically any time; several of these men.
may be included in the contingent
leaving here for Fort Winfield Scott.
Following is the list:
81 Alexander Carl.
813 Gus. Adolf Forseth.
376 James Albert Mullaly.
429 Leander Carlin Ross.
442 Samuel Paul Cornish.
564 Charles Walter Nelson.
1888 Chris. Corneilinson.
1884 Clarence Grover Coss.
1879 Henry Haugen.
1923 Ernest Theodore Hagert.
1441 Floren Binwill Bensend.
1879 Nels Markus Carlson.
2093 Maurice Daniel Murphy.
2113 Frank Borek.
2199 Clarence Knudson.
1855 George Arthur 'Stamness.
1858 Albert Knain.
2442 BERNARD Hesseling.
2470 Ole Bratland.,
2539 Frank Barager.
$3.50 Louie Hochberg.
121 Paul How.
216 John Oscar westberg.
851 James Gordon Gray.
1884 Anton Gilbert Hanson.
1913 Clarence Joseph Kamrow.
1911 Daniel K. Homme.
1895 Reuben Lindquist.
1859 Thomas William Rorke.
1903 Einar Anderson.
1885 Cornelius X. Baarman.
1882 Edwin Braaten.
20S6 Edwin Monroe Peterson.
PISS Elmer Brenden.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
GRAIN.

Milwaukee. Wis, Oct. 9.-Corn-
No. 3 yellow, s1.33@1.37; No.
white, $1.35 O lao; No. g., $1.25@1. 1928
Oats-Standard, 68@1-2; No.
white, sc lao 68; No. 4 white, &c 1-2
Rye-No. 2, $1.64.
Barley-Malting and Wisconsin, 9;
@1.00;. feed and rejected, 9O@96.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09

Milwaukee, Wis, Oct. se.-Close:
Corn-November, $1.14 .7-8; Deem
Der, $1.14.
Oats-November, 65 5-S; December,
IS 3-8.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
CHICAGO GRAIN,

Chicago, Oct. Corn No. 2 vel.
low $50; No. 3 yellow 1875 to 1888;
No. 4 yellow 1928 to 1928.
Oats No. 3 white sc Ia to 81;
standard Sc 3-l to 68.
Rye No. 2. nominal; barley IS to
90; timothy 7.50 to 1000; clover and
pork nominal; lard 26.35; ribs 21.75
to 23.00.
Bearish aspects Of wal develop.
ments and the diplomatic situation
intensified the weakness of the mar
ket during later trading. When
about z cents a bushel. however, had
been slashed from prices. covering by
shorts led to something of a reaction
The close was unsettled: 31-4 tc
S 1-8 cents net lower with November
LA 7-8 to lis Ia and December
l1.13 7-8 to ia.
Nc important upturns ensued
Packers buying and steadiness Of the
hog market were virtually ignored.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09
A

MINNEAPOLIS GRAIN.
Minneapolis, Mimi, Oct. 9.-Wheat
receipts, 525 cars, compared with 243
cars a year ago. Cash:
No. l northern old. 1922.
Corn-No. 3 yellow, $1.20@1.22.
Oats-No. 3 white. 62@63.
Flax, $3.53@3.58.
Turkey says she will hold out to
the very last, hoping for better terms:
making.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-09

NEW. YORK PRODUCE.
New York. Oct. 9.-Butter firm;
receipts, 1855.
Eggs steady; receipts, 14,968.
Cheese firm; receipts, 500. Market
unchanged.