davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-07-27
(By Associated Press.)

Washington, July 27-With fifty
thousand troops sent last week, Sec
retary Baker announced today, the
number of Americans transported
overseas during July was expected to
reach the record of three hundred
The total embarked Is a
million and a quarter.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-07-27
German Artillery Active
NV Associated Press.)

London, July 27.-German artillery
was active last night northeast oi
Amiens. On both sides the artillery
is active near Labassee canal says
today's official statement.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-07-27
Mooney HAS
BEEN GRANTED
4 REPR|EVE
(By Associated Press.)

TBy ASSUCIdIUu I TtbSJ
Los Angeles, July Ex-Governor
Stephens announced today he had de-
cided to grant reprieve to Thomas
J. Mooney, which will stay the exc.
cution until December.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-07-27

Washington. July N'- 80,
Pershing reported today that amer
cans had captured Lecharmei O'
tween ourcu and the Marne'
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-07-27
GERMAN SUB
ATTACKS FRf|CHTER
ON ATLANTIC COAST
(By Associated Press }

New York, July 27.-A German sub
marine attacked British freighter
off the Atlantic coast early today, ac
cording to reports in insurance circles
here.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-07-27

Land will be developed for orchards
by the Shenandoah Orchards, Staun'
ton, Va, chartered with $S0O,OOo cap
dtal by New York investors,
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-07-27
100000 Americans
Sent Over During July;
Now 1,25G,O00
"Over There''

in two amidship to overcome the
handicap of length, to bulkhead up
the two halves, remove masts, fun
nels and deck houses, watertight the
deck, place steel pontons on one side
of each halved hull, fill the other
side with water and tip each half
on one edge. This will give to each
half a breadth, measuring from deck
to keel, of 25 feet, allowing sufficient
room to tow the sections through
the locks.
Work of getting the Van Hise
ready for this trip is underway and
1t is expected the floating will be
done late in August, which would
allow sufficient time to put the, ship
together and arrive her in the Allan
tic before the advent of cold weather
and ice blockades.
n. n. EubIlb, opCbiui obShS 'O' Vs.
United States Shipping Board in
charge of the Great Lakes District,
declares there is no doubt but that
this problem, one of the most unique
ever undertaken by marine ngineers,
will be safely carried out.
The work OF building new vessels,
and of preparing old lake ships for
ocean trade, according to Mr.. Eus-
tice, is progressing rapidly in every
lake port. Fourteen ship yards To-
Gated at Duluth, Superior, Milwau-
kee, Chicago, Detroit, Toledo, Cleve-
land. Buffalo and Astabula, o.. are
working night and day. The 142
lake. steamers already launched or
o be brought out as this years pro-
.ram will average $500 deadweight
tons. OF this tonnage, 1870 are new
ships and 12 are old. and al are of
steel with one exception.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-07-27

Niagara Falls. July 27-The
gorge below Niagara Falls seems
TO possess a peculiar fascination for
aviators finishing their courses at the
American and Canadian training
eelds within a radius of 30 miles OF
the cataract
Many times recently tourists nave
been treated to unusual and unan-
nounced performances. Lincoln
Falls has been repeated many times.
The most sensational performance
has been by two unidentified avi
ators supposed to be from the train
ing field at Beamsville, Ont. They
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27
Potato Peeling Barred

1t was prohibited to peel potatoes
before cooki-.g, in order to prevent
ste. The feeding OF potatoes to live
stock was prohibited after the disas
tr~us crop failure Of 1916, and that
prohibition is still in force. Teachers
wee directed to give children lessons
IL economlzlng food, and | recall that
my boy often came home with remark
able stories to tell. His teacher once
informed the class that. when eating
alone. she treated her platter, as did
Jack Spratt and his wife, and invited
them 30 emulate her example.
latterly the children have been nut
to collecting bones. But here conflict
OF authority arose in some places. AT
Hamburg, for example, the army au-
thorltles recently informed the War
supply Bureau that they would release
no more bones from military Slaughter
rigs for the civilian population. So
Germany has been reduced to such u
pass that the military and civilian
classes, like two dogs, are quarrcllinr
c @; IA bone. All this hungry -interes t
In bones is due to discovery bv a
German chemist Of process for re-
covering fat from them. so bones are
high up in public favor.
INC OIL supply has been cked out. too
~ working up fruit kernels of earious
Kinds; and remember that in 1916 the
schoolboys were trying to take prizes
Tor the largest quantity Of kernels
turned in. The statistician came along
later with story of several thousand
tons Of oil thus saved
The natural difficulties Of the food
question have been further intensified
hy blpnderr of sdminiH,ration, MANY
peraons on cur sids appear to attribute
to the Germans u supernatural genius
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27
Wednesday, March 27, 1918
GENERAL MARKET CONDITIONS
What to Put in the Market Basket and Whv

The fish for Good Friday are arriving but the demand
keeps to the supply and the prices have dropped e
pecaly though they fair Founder for fifteen cents
pound the most economical purchase and whiting ara
also cheap The shad is the fish to be desired it NAV h
mad for from twenty-five to forty pound 1t is mo
economical to buy the buck shad with the separate if de-
sired dollar fish should family of four there il
nothing delecabe with salad at this time of wear
Among the uxuries in vegetables and fruits are the Florida
Strawberries asparagus and grapefruit about two
weeks there will be large shipments of strawberries from ous
and good plan put berries on the market
list until then The other three uxures are not apt to be c
cheaper for time to come.
Among the vegetables that be bought at fair nrices
though they are by cheap spinach kale cau
flower and lettuce The necessity for eating potatoes and
onions continues unabated You can save thrift amps cat
good food and encourage the farmer plant again by adding
these two purchases to your market basket unfalingv
Eggs, cheese and butter all abundant seasonabe of
good quality and fairly reasonable prices CO. Thew m
valuable additions to the spring diet vegetables salads and
fish.
STATEMENT or RETAIL PRICES IN AND lOCu
TIES March
prices i" cents pound :ated
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27

" WASHINGTON, March 26.-Turn-
" ing away at length from polit-
ical matters, take up to-day
the economic peace offensive.
How serious is the attack of hunger
upon the German stomach? Is there
any prospect that the shortage of food
and other necessaries will finally con-
pei the Germans to seek peace of
genuine remuneration? Does the gen
eral business situation show serious
elements of weakness? Is transporta-
tion going to break down? Will the
financial resources of war continue to
suffice? These questions suggest in a
rough way the ground to be covered in
this and subsequent articles.
The food question, is most important,
besides being most pressing at this
moment. Hence it merits attention
first
When the Germans began their war
they knew that they would have t.
solve the huge problem of feeding them
selves without their oversea trade
That fact was at once admitted, and
specialists in various lines of research
were set to work to devise methods for
solving the problem. The result of
their inquiries was the conclusion that
the people could be fed, but it would
cost the most concentrated and sys-
tematic effort.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27

for system and administration but if
we take note of what the German MS
themselves are saying about the mis-
takes made in managing the food sup
ply we must conclude that their genius
has by no means met the requirements
Of the situation. And it was not mere
ly that supplies were too short; there
was also much actual bungling in get
ting them equally distributed. Dis
cussions in Legislative and municipal
assemblies ard in the press fairly TEEN
with complaints about hardships and
unjust Determinations.
1t particularly rankles in the minds
of all that great class of respectable
peope-scho ool teachers. clerks and
others OH fixed salary their eat
ing is confined perforcc to the food
card limits owing to their inability to
pay the exorbitant prices demanded for
other food, whereas the rich and the
war proiit"ers arc revelling in a lux
urious plenty. The cities quarrel with
the country the industrial regions with
the agricultural, because the latter re
fuse to bear their share Of the national
hunger
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27
Proof of the Pinch

The evidence for the deterioration of
the situation exists in many forms.
About the middle of February the Ber-
I'm city government notified the inhab-
ltants that owing to the killing off of
nearly all swine it would be impossible
to make further allotments of pork for
the civilian population. Hogs were so
scarce that it had been decided to con-
vert the few coming upon the market
INTO sausages; and there would be no
more allotments of pork to butchers.
At the same time the weekly butter
ration at Berlin was reduced to 4
ounces for each person. Before that it
had been II ounces. This reduction
was made in the face of protests of So
clallsts in the city council They said
IN December that the ration Of butter
and margarine, then 2.S ounces to-
gether, was already so small that the
health of the people was seriously en-
dangered. The milk supply is now so
short in the big cities that only the
smaller children receive fairly ade-
quate amount. Adult invalids can get
it only upon medical certificate.
BY the end of December the supply
of oatmeal had run so low at Berlin
that allotments for infants above one
year old were discontinued Of the
rest of the population only old persons
having intestinal troubles, the council
ordered, should be allowed oatmeal; but
physicians certificate was demanded
and very stringent regulations for pre-
venting trickery were adopted. Frank
fort began in November to restrict the
allotments of cakes and zwieback to
persons holding medical certificates.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27
Beer Supply Ebbs

The gradual drying up of the beer
stream is also apparent. Soon after the
war began the breweries were put upon
60 per cent of their normal malt CON
sumption. Some time before ! left Ger
many 1T was reduced to 10 per cent. and
last year it ranged between % and 80
per cent. About the end of last No
vember, however, the Bundesrat or
dered further radical reduction. The
Bavarian breweries were to be allowed
only IS per cent and those of the rest
OF the country only 10 per cent of the
malt consumed in peace times More
over, 1T was further ordered that the
brewage be allotted first to the soldiers
and heavy workers in munition fac
tories. Only after their thirst is
quenched can the rest of the people get
glass of teer. Naturally the thou
sands of beer gardens throughout Ger
many will have dismal summer Al
ready the restaurant keepers of Berlin
have poignantly appealed to the gov
eminent to save them from ruin.
Here is another case showing how
hopes have been disappointed. Last
summer decree was issued requiring
all piums and certain other fruits to
be turned over to the jam factories to
be worked up for the public. About
the middle of September the Veeeta-
bic and Fruit Office announced that
100000 tons had been delivered at the
factories, and said that if fruit contin-
ued to come in there would be ample
supplies Of jam for the whole people
But the Berlin government in Janu
airy admitted that it had been able to
allot only one pound a month to each
inhabitant and excused itself for tardv
delivery OF even that amount
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27
Tighten Their Belts

Everybody would have to work
everybody would have to put up with
short rations, and everything eatable
would have to be vigorously saved
against waste.
Before the war Germany had made
large imports of wheat and -four, but
was growing more than enough rye
which is the chief bread crop Some
per cent or more of the meat con-
sumption came from abroad, and so did
great quantity of fresh and salt fish
The domestic livestock industry and
the milk and butter supply were de.
pendent to very great extent upon
foreign feedstutfs, especially the more
valuable and concentrated kinds. just
before the war Germany was import.
ing yearly about 10,000,OOO tons of field
garden and meadow products, of which
more than half consisted of oil fruits
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27
British Seamen
Refuse to Carry
Labor Delegates
VIII Not Man Ships Taking
Representatives to Con-
ference Here

LONDON, March 26-Thc Seamen's
and Firemens Union has decided that
Its members shall refuse to sail on
any ship conveying delegates ap-
pointed to the Inter-Allied Labor Con-
terence in the United States.
An official of the union said:
"Our opposition to these men is the
same as that against Ramsay Mac
donald. We will take no one who ;s
opposed to the doctrine that GERMANY
must make compensation to depend
cnts OF our murdered merchant sca.
mcn."
Camille Haysmans, Belgian Social
lst leader, and the French dolceates
to the conference have deferred their
departure in view of the pending visit
OF American delegates to Europe.
When the lnter-Allied Labor Con.
terence was held in England last
month no American delegates were
present 1t Was accordingly decided
to send a delegation of workmen and
Soclaliats from England. France ana
Belgium to the United States to cv-
PLAN the position of laboy in those
countries. Another purpose of the
mission was to clear away mis-
!, nh nhaeistanding arising from the fact
mat through an error in the trans
mission of d cablegram sent bv sam
uel Gompcrs. president OF the Amer
lGah Federation of Labor, announcinr
that the United States would not he
represented, there was attributed ia
~ VIZ. "ompers statement to the etYect
mat American labor believed German
influences had inspired the London
conference, and that it would avoid
.he conference until this was dis.
proved. "'s'
The Scamcn's Union last vcar ro-
FUSED to permit Ramsay Macdonald
member of Parliament, to sail on ~
mission to Russia for the !ndercndcn|, q
LABOR party until he had signed ~
guarantee demanded by the union, IN
,he ground that he was II pacitist
Otiiclal announcement was mado IN
nome on Sunday that the Italian So
eia!lsts had declined to psrticinnts n
the conference in the United States
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27
Asserts u. S. Has
Guns That Can Hurl
Shells SO Miles
Col. Munroe, Ordnance Elk.
pert, Says Only Special
Carriage Is Needed

WATERVLlET, n. Y, March 90
THE United States has guns capable
CT hurling 1G-inch shells iftv-nino
miles declared Colonel j. z. Munroe,
commandant of the United States
Arsenal in This city, where the larres t
pieces of ordnance are constructed. in
an interview tonight.
All that is needed are carriages
on which to elevate .hem at an anglc
of DO degrees. The trouble isn con-
tmued the commandant, "that so far
no one in the United States has eve,
devised carriage that would permit
that degree of elevation and survive
the shock OF the discharge"
Colonel Munroe said he d;a n-+ b.,
lleve that 1t would be worth while to
construct such guns, as the advantapc
gained would not be commensurate IN
any way with the cost.
Colonel Munroe was asked what bo
thought of the mysterious guns which
nave becn bombarding Paris at am cs-
timated distance OF seventy four miles
There are three guesscs available "
SAID Colonel Munroe. "Onc is tho, tho
Germans have discovered something in
the line OF explosives. Another il TINT
they may have invented some new sort
OF projectile. A third guess is that
they have devised such c,rriace ,s
was discussing, one that could bc
elevated at an angle of As degrees and
Withstand the shock of DISCHARGE. T
DO not attach much importance to tho
gun, however. for it seems to me more
OF freak than anything else. snd
nothing to worry the Allies. Apart
from the inability Of insurng any de-
gree OF accuracy with such Il gun, and
the little damage it can do. the cost of
nr'hg such Il piece would be too great
ior me Huns to get very much out of
their discovery or invention"
g. The colonel said that the United
states - S,,n'; had several Of the gums capable
OF hurl1ng 16-lnch shells ffty-nine
miles. When 'hey werr mnds, or where here
they are be did not say.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27
Errors ", Distribution

Distribution has in many cases not
been co0rdinated to manufacturing "a
paclty. AT national meeting i'm Feb
:uary of the Wholesale dea lers IN fruits
and vegetables it was said that fruit
confisca.ed by the authorities for max
ing jam often rotted at the factories
because it was delivered to them far
beyond their capacity. One factory
received 25o carloads, but was able to
work up only 100 carloads. The rest
rotted. And yet the people Of Berlin
can barely get haIf-ounce Of lam
daily for their bread.
Owing to the unsatisfactory OPERA
ton of the existing machinery Of dis
tributlon project is now on foot to
abolish 1t and have the agricultural CO.
operative societies Of the country take
IN hand the collecting and shipment of
supplies. But the commercial and
urban classes strongly object to this
believing shat their interests would
fare still worse at the hands Of the
agrarlan element than under the pres-
ent system.
From what has been said here it is
evident that Germany is very hungry
People are not merely discontented d
with their meagre and bad fare; they
are also suffering physically and
morally from it. Those features of the
hunger offensive will be discussed in
the next article.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27
Government Worried

That the government is seriously
concerned is evident from a speech bv
Dr. Mueller, Under Secretary of State
IN the War Food Office, made in Janu-
airy. He said that hitherto April and
May had proved to be the most critical
months, and conditions would natural
~ get worse in the next few months.
lie limited that the bread ration might
be further reduced.
The confiscation of all dried fruit
ny the army and navy authorities in
November also shows that the food
scarcity IS growing graver. It is a
highly significant fact, TOO. that while
me newspapers report much evidence
OF hard conditions, like the reduction
or Interruption of supplies, they have
nothing whatever to say about any i'm
pfoYcment. except in cases whore traffic
mad been interrupted by snow. 1t is one
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27
ScGnty Bread Ration

Bread is now for the German the
staH of life in sense more real,
probably, than it ever was in any other
country. The bread ration varied be-
tween pounds ounces and pounds
8 ounces In these towns; meat from
D - to oA ounces. with an addition
of 2 20 3 ounces of sausage in few
towns; potatoes everywhere, 7 pounds
l012 ounces, with 2 or 3 ounces more
Tor the heaviest workers. The butter
allotment was mostly about y ounces
and margarine about the same. Cheese
was sold in most of the towns, ranging
between and d ounces.
For eggs the figures were highly sig
nlfcant. Munich was the only town
that was able to allot whole egg;
other towns gave between one-fourth
and three quarters of an egg.
The sugar allowance was to
ounces, and a few towns mention
or 3 ounces of artificial honey, what
ever that may be. There was a further
allowance of 3 to 4 ounces Of jam. Pre-
pared food, chiefly cereals, was allot
ted in some towns, the amount rang
ing mostly between 3 and ounces, but
in some it was much less. There was
almost no distribution of vegetables.
That is what people are able to get
on their cards. Other food can be
bought, but at extraordinarily high
prices, and most of them cannot afford
to buy much. if any at all, of this un-
controlled supply.
1t is in this food that the profiteer--
the Germans say the "war usurer"-
operates according to his will and skill,
and prices are driven to dizzy level.
Maximum prices, indeed, have been
adopted for very many kinds of this
food, but no attempt is made to allot
them by card Hence traders run con-
siderable risk in selling above the max
imum price; but that they do it on a
large scale viii be shown in my next
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27
Price Fixing Denounced

The whole price fixing policy has had
so many bad results that many persons
are now demanding chat it be utterly
abandoned. With such uniform com
modities as grain and potatoes price
liking has worked fairly we'll, but when
it comes to meat, for example, much
greater difficulties arise. recall that
when pork prices were at first fixed
sausages were not included, and as the
meat price was considerably below the
market price the butchers held back
meat and converted it. into sausages.
For months it was hardly possible to
buy pork in Berlin. understood where
the pork had all gone to when got a
peep once into the homo OF butcher;
the ceiling Of the corridor and even the
sitting room was thickly studded with
strings of sausages
Although it is now forbidden to feed
potatoes to animals, it has been found
lmpossI bic to prevent it; and political
economists are saying that the maxi
mum price of potatoes has been placed
so low that farmers naturally yield to
the temptation to convert them into
pork and get twice as big profit.
Errors have also been made in collect
ing statistics about food, which caused
the authorities to distribute OH a too
1ibora1 bocic
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27
The Rich, by Paying Exor-
bitant Prices, Get Food
Denied to Poor
Boosted Efficiency
Fails in Crisis
Blunders in Distribution and
Poor Crops Have Brought
Real Suffering

NOTE-Untu the outbreak. Of
aea,' betmeeu the United States
and Germany Mr.. Dreher hud
dccn for gears The Associated
Press correspondent at Berlin,
specializing IN financial, economic
and political subjects. lie has,
therefore. a re}y acide knowledge
ot the sources and nature of Ger
mGny's industrial power, and also
ar ntusual understanding of Ger
many's emotions. In this and sue
ceedin0 articles he WiN digest all
avoiloble erMence as to the condi-
tons nol0 existing in the land of
the enemy and draaU such conclu-
sions rs seem to him to be arur-
ranted.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-27
Country Folk Better OF

All these conditions. again. apply
only to the cities. In the country dis
t,icts the supply of food is much bet
ter. as the farmers are allowed to keep
back what they require for their own
consumption, and some local adminis-
trativc districts even prob bit the ship
ment of certain foods outside of their
borders.
Many of the prctincial markets, too,
are much better supplied, especially
with vegetables. than those of the big
cities. The Berlin market was stripped
quite clean of vegetables before | left
there, and the newspapers are com
planning now that no vegetables can
be had in the open market Sauerkraut
could nowhere be bought, except sur
reptitiouslA Some of the cities are
able to distribute little on card from
time to time, but the bulk Of what is
II ade Is reserved for the army.
The vegetable supply in many coun-
try districts. on the contrary, is rela-
lively satisfactory. Berlin newspaper
writers describe with expressions of
envy the vegetable markets seen when
visiting such regions. The farmers are
now the most coddled class in Ger
many, except the soldiers and hcavics st
workers in munitions factories Farm
ers are allowed to keep back food for
their own requirements. Under certain
restrictions, of course; but as it is
practically impossibe'to carry the con
tHol of supplies into every barn and
pantry the farmers make a most lib
eral use of the "selfproviding" priv
lcge accorded to them
Germany had been forced long be
toe left th re to adopt the most rigid
measures to save food. A few samples
OF these NAV be mentioned. 1t was re-
CURED to divide kitchen refuse into
t~o classes; an extra vessel was set
at each back door to receive whatever
might be used for feeding man or
hnast