El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-13
BY
Frank G. Carpenter
Copyright, 1918, by
Prank G. Carpenter).


! dye stuff admitted in such a way that
I 10 peuetrates every fiber giving IL a
/ Uniform coloring in the thread and
| the cloth.
These mills make goods Of every
] DESCRIPTION They make calicOs and
/ gluElams and an sorts of fine goods
] Tor women and the hues embrace all
] the c0lOrs Of The rainbow. They are
aQle TO DO this even now uOtWlth-
I standing they can get no dyes from
Germany which formerly supplied the
most Of the dyes Of the world
The manager Of the factory tells
me that he company had great stores
I or uyeSru1ts on hand at the time the
Z war began and that il still has sup
plies that viii last it for years. He
says many Of these dyes are being re-
placed by those made in America,
and that the company has created a
little dye plant Of its own. where IL is
making some special cOlOrs, one Of
which is dead black.
Long Journey Through Mills.
1t is a long journey through the
Amoskeag mills from the cotton bales
10 the olive Grab shirtings which are
Snlpped TO the factories where they
are made into clothes for the army
The mills here altogether have 137
acres or 1lOOr space. and the whole OF
this is Illed with machinery of the
most intricate nature. 1t is run by
dynamic speed.
I despair Of giving you accurate
pictures Of all the processes through
which the fibers 80 on their way from
the bale TO the shirt As the cotton
comes from the plantation il is Of
different varieties Some Of It has
11oers longer than others, and the
bales have TO be opened and the dif-
1erent kinds OF lcOtton mixed to-
gether, so that the product viii be OF
D. HHnHn
eminent requires
The cotton has to be torn loose by
machines, which pull IL apart 1t is
beaten up by other machines. and the
dust leaves. sticks and dirt are
blown out It is then run over. great
cylinders or rollers, called openers
and so treated that when IL leaves
them there is not 2 stick. leaf or
grain Of sand In it The lint is now
as soft as swans down and whittier
than when il was picked in the field
How the Fibers Are Treated.
The fibers, however. are all mixed
LoseLner- Lney are turned this way
and that and they cross and recross
one another. They must all be laid
the same way before they can be
spun into thread. This work is done
by the cardiuE machines huge rollers
covered with little wire teeth. which
brush and comb the fibers as they
pass through. much as we comb our
halr- The teeth are so fine that there ]
are more than a hundred on q space
as big around as cent
The cotton goes into the carders in /
a wide Leecy sheet The teeth =
straighten the fibers and roll them /
over and over so that when they come ]
out they are almost all laid the same I
way, and they are in the shape Of a I
thick rope OF soft cotton yarn. This
rope IS known as a silver. 1t is as i
nrHH round = = hHHn~n B.
seems thick enough TO make a dozen /
Of the fine threads used for weaving. ]
10 is not thick enough TO make one.
The slivers next go through draw I
Ing machines. where a number Of ]
them are combined and come out as ]
one which is more uniform in thick I
ness lnan those which go in and I
where the fibers are still more nearly ]
parallel This is called drawing
The ropes then pass through the 2
slubblng machine. in which the slivers /
are srill further drawn out, and the
Wound upon bObbins- They are now .
ready for the spinning machines, on
which the threads for both the yarn
and woof are spun. The threads are
low as fine as those Of spool cotton.
they are OF Uniform thickness and /
ire ready for weaving.
Cloth Ready for Shirts.
The term weaving covers the proc
geLher as you find them fin the cloth
IF the shirt The cloth is formed by
Two sets OF thread. Those which run
engthwise are known as the warp.
and the others, which cross the long
thread at right angles, going over
md under them from side TO side, are
The W0oE
To fit the threads for these proc
asses they have to be spoiled They
are wound from the spindles on bob
bins. and from them warp threads
pass through machines which wind
hem evenly upon a long cylinder the
width Of the cloth The woof threads
ire wound upon little bobbins, which
ire put into shuttles and thrown by
machinery through the warp thread
They 90 so fast you can hardly see
hem, making a speed Of $50 OF more
times 10 the minute. AT the end you
have the cloth used in the shirt
There are many other processes in i
addition TO those I have described.
and there are other machines OF
II OIL o.