davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
William II Is 18th
I'm Succession of
Observation-Disclosures
Origin Obscure, but Ac-
quisitiveness Proved
Very Real
Frederick III Firstking
Dominance of Prussia Rose
Until Bismarck Welded
the Empire

There is more fiction than history
about the origin of the House Of Ho-
henzollern. although the derivation Of
the name which is the family name OF
the late German rulers, is sufficiently
authentic. The family adopted as its
own the name Of the ancestral castle
in Swabia, Zollern. and thus became
Hohenzollern. There is an attempt to
make it appear that the family is de-
scended from Count Thassilo, a Swa-
bian noble of the time Of Charles the
Great, but this is now conceded to be a
romance that originated in the six
reenth century. There is another at
tempt to trace the ancestry to Bur
killed in 1861. This claim also lacks
authentic proof.
The first satisfactory trace of the
house is in the twelfth century, when
it appeared among the petty princely
families of Swabia, and by the end Of
that century it had attained a more
prominent place, Count Frederick Of
Zolorin holding the imperial office Of
Burgrave of Nuremberg, which de-
scended to his posterity. His sons,
Frederick and Conrad, divided the
idully possessions between Chem IN
1927 and founded the two lines of the
famil., the Swabian and the Fran
CONAN.
Younger Line Greater
The Swabian branch, founded by
Frederick, which was the elder, has
existed in two lines, Hohenzollern-
Hechingen and Hohenzol.ern- Sigmarin-
gen, since the close of the sixteenth
century. But the great destiny of the
family was reserved for the Franco
MAN branch, the cadet line
They attached themselves to the
Hohenstaufen house until it became
extinct and then gave their support to
the Hapsburgs. Acquisitiveness and
capacity to hold what was once OBJ
tanned and administer it with thrift
we're the principal characteristics of
the Franconian Hohenzollerns. They
successfully acquired the Burgraviatc
of Nuremberg and the two Margraviates
of Bayreuth and Anspach, and in 1411
in payment for loan to the Emperor
Sigismund got the Margraviate of
Brandenburg which was afterward
made {. hereditary possession of the
house, together with the dignity Of
Elector. This WAS the foundation of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
Orators Are Busy
In Buenos Ayres
German Propaganda Is Car
ried On Under Cuise of
equity" League

BUENOS AYRES. Sept, GORE
spondcnce Of The Associated Press).-
German propaganda here has taken in
the form of we'll organized campaign
of street corner scapbox speakers,
haranguing against the Allied black
lists. The speakers base their argu-
ments on the high cost Of living. which
they trace to these blacklists.
Evidently o large number of speakers
lave been engaged, for in ali parts of
the business district and az all hours
there are small groups Of listeners
around a speaker who is mounted on
Il wooden aoapboX. And as he moves
from; one conner to another he is fol-
lowed by q mounted member OF the
Security Squadron.
These speakers arc advertised as
being members OF the "Liga Pro
cquidad,' which might be translated
league has an Office near the business
centre. Over the entrance to it is d
shield that was so prominent during
the Luxburg neutrality campaign, but
which had disappeared, the shield CT
the Pro Neutrality League, SO designed
as to make the Office appear to be an
Office of the Argentine government
The shield is the same size and shape
as those which designate government
Offices, bears the same kind of letter
ing and has in it's centre the Argen-
tine national coat Of arms.
Last year this shield guarded door
way at one of the busiest corners in
the city and at the head of the stairs
was the neutrality office, which was
maintained with German funds, sup
piled largely through the newspaper
ola Union" AT the head of the stairs
it now guards the Office of the "Pro-
Justice League" organized to stir up
illfeeling among the Argentines on
the argument that the Allied black
lists are responsible for the high cost
of living.
The only newspaper in the city sup
porting this league is Ola Union" the
newspaper for which Count Won Lux
burg, the former German Ambassador
here, asked and obtained German
government subsidy of ten thousand
pesos a month.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
win President Wilson's recognition OF

win President Wilson's recognition Of
his government.
Mr.. Flores made the statement after
he had received a report from New Or
leans that Mr.. Bryan soon was to sail
for San Jose, the Costa Rican capital.
Calling attention to the fact that
President Wilson has refused to extend
American recognition to Costa RIGA
since Tinoco took over the government,
Mr.. Flores expressed the belief that n
new drive for recognition is to be
started He said that he and J. Rafael
Qreamuno, who was secretary of the
Costa Rican Legation in Washington
under the Gonzales government, have
received private advices from San Jose
indicating that Mr.. Bryan already has
interested himself in Costa Rican af-
fairs
Mr.. Flores also said that letter had
been sent TO Mr.. Bryan on October
protesting against his giving aid to the
Tlnoco government.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

The favorite method OF attack has been
to assume that the President either
went into the war out of mere personal
desire to see Germany beaten and
without any other adequate cause, or
else he was pulled into it against his
will by big American manufacturing
and financial interests.
Thus, the President was abused with
out stint. The idealistic tone of his
messages, however, finally told upon
the views of the more moderate Ger
mans. Whether it was merely the
pressure Of economic distress, lack OF
bread and failure of military hopes. OF
whatever other cause, the fact is that
a great change has come over the feel
ings OF the Germans toward Mr.. viii
son. They have evidently come to feel
as is evident from their newspapers
and the words Of their public men
that the opening to peace for them
could be more easily made through him
than BY appeal to England and France.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
Kite Balloons HEN 8
Hunt for Submar;D.

oN ooAhu AMERICAN y.
STRoYER, AMERICAN popr V
FRANCE, Nov. 9.-Kitn M n
towed at sea by destroyers !. 0allosas
the odd devices used 10 ~ = one Il
hunt for Hun submarines IN IL
brings down the balloon :. VIC
twelve feet of the deck. so ~, wisas
observers. throwing ont aas hs
ladder. descend for their usns, sseess
at a change of watch. W;sal MEAS
wire cable leading to the ss .a,a ns
telephone wire BY whisS ,ost b
the deck. '''ea Wit
The American naval aeron.,..
doing splendid work in tho AUS an
and Ensign r. J. Barnes hs 70, . ssss
ilshed new record for rsms ssssS
in the air in kite balloon 'Aaiass
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

to the position of first rate power.
The succeeding personalities of
the house were not above the average
until William I came to the throne, in
1861. Under the tuteiagc OF Bismarck
he became German Emperor, the throne
10 which William IL succeeded in 1883
and from which he has just abdicated.
William II is the nineteenth in success
sion from the first Elector of Brandon
kvro
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
Bryan as "Peace
Envoy" of Tinoco

Alfredo Gonzales Flores, who was the
regularly elected President of Costa
RIGA at the time General Federico
Tinoco became Dictator, following the
b!oodless revolution of 1917, stated yes
teraay that William Jennings Bryan
has been retained by General Tinoco to
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

the real greatness of the House Of
Hohenzollern
Brandenburg the Hohenzollerns set
about subjugatirg the rest of the
Brandenburg nobility to their will In
1913 the Elector John Sigismund be-
came through marriage Duke of Prus-
STA, ard under his son, Frederick Will
lam, the Great Elector, Prussia- Bran
denburg became the leading state of
Northern Europe. His son, Frederick
lll of Rrandenburg, became the first
King Of Prussia, with the title of Fred
erick !, being given the throne in fNo1
to secure his adhesion to the Emperor
Leopold in the struggle of the Span
ish Succession.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
Prussia Rises to Power

Now came the most acquisitive. il
rot rapacious, of all the Hohcnzollerns
10 the present time. This was Fred
crick the Great, who brought Prussia
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
Cotton Mills Ready
For More Business
But Jobbers and Retailers Still
Disposed to Await
Price Fixing

Additional differentials named on
cotton goods and the naming of cot
ton yarn prices by the Price Fixing
Board were the chief features Of the
development of price fixing plans in
the cotton goods trade last week.
Trading is becoming steadier and mills
are now beginning to accept more bust
ness for future delivery. The jobbers
and retailers are still holding off, as
there are many prices yet to be
changed to harmonic with the values
set upon merchandise as it leaves tho
mills. The new prices now confirmed
do not give promise of very drastic
reduction. but they insure a stabiliza-
ton of values and are high enough to
encourage full production on the part
Of the mills.
There has been distinct increase in
the inquiry from exporters. It Is diffi-
cult to see how foreign trade can DO
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
Farm Loans Total
Over $117,OOO,O 900
Up to August Federal Govern
ment Had Aided $1,000
Agriculturists

WASHINGTON, Aug. 17.-More than
$1,000 farmers have obtained loans
averaging $4,000 each through the Fed
eral farm loan system during it's fif-
teen months of operation, and the ag-
gregate of these loans actually closed
up to August was 117,249,000. 1t was
shown to-day by Federal Farm Loan
Board announcement that in July 1855
farmers secured loans totalling $685.
000
Only a little more than half of the
loans sought have actually been closed
Since the inauguration of the Federal
system 9S,62S applications for $242,724,
900 loans have been received, and 83,282
for total of s173,55o, 900 have been ap-
proved. Spokane, st. Paul, Omaha and
Wichita Federal land banks did the
most business. By districts The total
number of farmers negotiating loans
and the totals to August l we're report
ed as follows:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
Russia s Experience
Should Be a Warning

Russia should afford an example
extreme, no doubt, but most il
luminating-of the dangers of
financing war by methods of cur
rency initiation. There was-there
still is--no difficulty with Russia's
resources, her margin of available
surplus product to maintain war
though she probably attempted to
make her armies over-large for her
powers of maintenance. But once
her money was discredited, her me-
dunn of exchanges and Of payment,
all her resources became unavail-
able--and they remain so. For her
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
Consumption Taxes Would Reach the
Millions Who Escape Income Levies
Problem of Financial Craftsmanship Most Equtab
System for Effectively Utilizing the Resources of the
Country for War Purposes

plan which has been followed by the
warning nations. Two countries only,
the United Kingdom and the United
States, have from the outset under
taken to obtain by taxation revenues
sufficient to meet not only the interest
on the new debt, but substantial por-
ton of the actual war expenditure. In
view of the enormous expenditure en-
tailed by the war, the results achieved
~ both countries are notable.
In the financial year 1918 rev.
enue other than from loans sufficed to
cover 81 per cent of the total expendi-
lures (other than for advances to
Allies) in the United Kingdom and SO
per cent in the United States; the in
crease in such revenue over the last
peace year (1914 and 1917 respectively
sufficed to meet 27 per cent of the in
crease in expenditure Gncludng inter-
est on the war debit in the United
Kingdom and 43 per cent in the United
States, or to provide for the interest
on the war debt and in addition 20 per
cent Of the increase in expenditure in
the United Kingdom and AZ per cent in
the United States.
In both countries this has been &C.
complished mainly through the in
crease of income taxes and the imposi-
ton of taxes on excess profits due to
the war, rather than by the increase of
revenue from consumption taxes. Be-
tween 1914 and 1913 the revenue from
such taxes in the United Kingdom IN
creased from $236,000,00O to $685.
100000, while revenue from consump-
ton taxes increased from $4,000 to
S65O,000. Exemption from the income
tax has been reduced from $500 to $3.50
and the rates greatly increased. On in
comes Of $1,000 the rates are Az per
cent on earned and per cent on I'M
earned incomes. They increase rapidly
reaching the maximum, approximately
% per cent, at incomes Of about $685.
000
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18

bearing. But any appreciate ex-
haustion Of our resources in plant
and equipment is improbable and,
in the main, impossible.
In point, then, of their aggregate
resources in wealth as distinguished
from their financial resources the
endurance Of the Entente nations
has suffered no impairment and
can suffer none. Even with regard
to shipping this statement holds in
substantial truth. AS a question Of
industrial capacity and of possible
economies in consumption America
has the ability to carry for indef-,
mite centuries war burdens far
greater than those that we are at
present carrying. With America as
one among the Entente nations the
resources Of the Entente are still un-
impaired and foretell no impairment.
Under right methods, therefore,
there can arrive no time limit OH
their military activities. As a prac-
teal question endurance for them is
a matter Of financial endurance. 1t
is only on the side of finance that
there is serious danger of serious
laundering. But because, with
America in the war, there is no
America left in reserve it is espe-
cially imperative that we do not
waste our endurance in unjust bur-
dens or in cheap and improvident
finance.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
Coal Deposits in Greece

The discovery of large deposits of
Ignite coal of superior quality few
miles north Of Ekaterina and across
the head of the Gulf of Saloniki, from
the city of Salonica, may be of great
value in the industrial development of
Greece. That country has had to i'm
port fuel for manufacturing purposes,
ns Ignite mined on the island Of
Euboca was of inferior quality. As to
the new deposits, engineers have traced
so far mass approXimating 100000
tons IN small area of the coal terri
tory. Three veins, each varying from
twelve to eighteen inches in thickness.
have been uncovered.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
Cotton Reaches
New High Price
On Bad Crop News
Spectacular Rise Carries New
Contracts Above Level
of Last Nav

Restraining market factors were in
effective yesterday in the New York
Cotton Exchange and prices spurted up
20 new high records FOR the season. In
the brief session advances amounting
to more than l cent a pound were
made and October contracts sold HIGHER
than the maximum price reached in the
spectacular upward movement which
eliminated in April. The general rise
in active months reached 1O7 to 11S
points above Fridays closing figures,
and in the case of near months scared
10 cents pound higher than the low
level touched on the break of last Nav.
A further sharp scaling down of crop
estimates and the continuation of the
drouth in the Southwest were the most
important outside causes Of the upward
swing. Moreover, Liverpool buying,
probably to cover the short end Of
straddles, and the failure of hedge SELL
ing to develop allowed the prices to 20
up without challenge.
advance Of to 81 points. Scattered
Southern selling, as we'll as realizing,
was readily absorbed and the highest
prices of the day were attained in the
late trading. Although one Of the New
Orleans map readers predicted change
N Southwestern weather conditions
over Sunday, local forecasters found
little to sustain that opinion and the
official prediction was dry, clear
weather in Texas and partly cloudy
elsewhere west Of the river.
Crop complaints from Eastern belt
sections attracted much attention
around the ring, as The relatively ia
vorablc outlook east of the river has
recently encouraged some selling in
spite of deterioration in the West.
The local market for spot cotton was
steady and 1870 POINTS, higher, at 1870
for middling upland; sales nil.
The following prices were quoted on
the New York Cotton Exchanges:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
Reliance Upon Loans
Easiest Procedure

The framing Of revenue system
which, giving tho proper weight to
thesc more or less conflicting consid-
crations, shall prove most effective in
utilizing the resources of the country
ior carrying on the war il the problem
Of financial statesmanship.
Reliance upon loans for meeting war
expenditures other than interest on tho
loans created seems the easiest pro-
cedurs, involving for tho moment tho
least burden, and In general this Is tho
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
Sugar Rates Might
Well Be Tripled

Under the tariff act of 1913 the base
rate on sugar was 95-1O0 cent on sugar
testing below IS degrees The rate
increased with the fneness Of the
sugar, the maximum being 1.9 cents on
rehned sugar. The act of 1918 reduced
the base rate to 71-l00 cent, increas-
ing to 1884 cents on sugar testing
between SO degrees and SO degrees and
1856 on sugar testing between 80 de-
grees and 100 degrees. In all cases
there is a deduction of 20 per cent on
sugars from Cuba, which supplies the
bulk OF our imports. The rate actually
collected on sugar of the grades i'm
ported into the United States is about
l cent per pound. These rates might
we'll be tripled. The rate actually COL
lected would then be about 3 cents per
pound, equivalent to a nominal rate
without allowance for the Cuban de-
duction) Of approximately cents per
pound. The English rate on sugar test
ing over SO degrees is cents per
pound, and it is proposed in the budget
for 1918-19 to increase it to 81 cents.
AS 1t would not be the intention to
make the additional duty protective,
an excise tax of approximately 2 cents
a pound kshould be imposed on sugar
producedyin the United States and i'm
ported from its colonial possessions
If, as is probable under existing con-
ditions, the increase of the tax did
not diminish the CONSUMPTION of supar
It would yield about $4,000 900 add;-
tional revenue.
Other entirely legitimate objects Of
consumption taxes, recognized as sucb
by practically all nations even in times
VI peace are tea, cocoa and coffee.
laxes OF l6 cents, s cents and cents
pound on these articles, respectively.
would apparently yield revenue Of
nearly $100,0oO,000. The CORRESPOND
ing English rates are "A cents, cents
and cents.
another product which suggests it.
self as possibly a legitimate object of
taxation is silk. It ia without question
largely luxury, is widely used. and
curtallmcnt of private CONSUMPTION
during the war would be Desirable
Inc raw material is wholly imported.
The domestic manufactured product
constitutes probably over 80 per cent
OF the total consumed The small
quantity Of imported manufactured
products pays duties ranging from 45
to 90 per cent, but the excess of tn.
domestic over the foreign prices OF the
goods chiefly produced in this country
is considerably less. During the first
nine months Of the current year raw
silk (averagc value 1923 per pound)
was imported at the rate Of 36, 900 .0Oo
pounds per annum. and silk waste (av-
erage value "a cents per pound at the
rate Of 100000 pounds per annum
A duty Of 81 pound on raw
silk and 30 cents per pound on
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-18
BY Henry B. Gardner
Professor of Economics in Byo1v1,
University

Professor of Economics in Byoav,a
University
TIME purpose Of war finance is to
place the control Of the re-
sources Of the nation in the
hands of the government. This is &C
complished through loans and taxes,
which supply the government with pur-
chasing power and enable it to direct
the labor and capital Of the country
to the production Of the goods and
services which the government needs
for carrying on the war. The effective
ness of a given quantity of purchas-
ing, power, measured in terms of
money, depends, however, on the level
of wages and prices. If the purchas-
ing power acquired by the government
involves no, or little, curtailment of
the purchasing power in the hands of
it's citizens, the government and indi-
viduals will compete for the control
of the productive forces of the coun-
try, money wages and prices will rise,
and the power of the government to
command the resources which it needs
will be curtailed. If the financial sys-
tenn is to do its work effectively, it
must not only supply the government
with purchasing power. but must cur
tail the purchasing power left in the
hands of it's citizens.
The method adopted for supplying the
government with revenue, therefore,
becomes a matter of great importance.
Of two methods which yield equal
revenues, that is to be preferred which
involves the greater curtalment of
private expenditure for goods and ser
vices which are not essential to the
maintenance of the efficiency of the
working force of the country. Upon
this consideration rests the argument
in support of the proposition that
revenue should be raised by taxation
rather than by borrowing, since the
former involves a greater curtailment
OF private expenditure than does the
latter. On the other hand, the burden
of taxes weighs more heavily than
the burden of loans, and care must be
taken that this burden does not be-
come so great as to deaden the pro-
ductivc energy of the people. This
consideration involves a careful ex-
animation of the effect of different
forms of taxation, since taxes differ in
the extent of the deadening influence
which they exercise, and demands that
the burden be so distributed that no
important class of taxpayers shall feel
that they are being made to bear dis
tinctly more than their fair share
while other classes are allowed to
escape.