davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
Farmers Must Grow Seed

War conditions have made it neces- sary for the United States to produce at home seed supplies that formerly were imported from Europe. Temporary seed shortages have developed under new eco homie conditions, and they may con tinue," says the United States depart ment of agriculture in 'The Seed Sup ply of the Nation,' new publication recently issued as yearbook separate 757 .'but farmers and seedsmen are resource ful and they may be expected to find ways and means to meet not only the needs of this country, but also those o1 other countries which may be dependent upon us.''
 Although, as a matter of necessity, seed production has increased in this country since the war, the experts of the depart ment state that the possibilities of com mercia seed growing in the United States have only been slightly developed The publication mentioned may be ob- tained by seedsmen and those especially interested. It discusses at length the va rious American farm crops, from view point of seed supply.
 American farmers plant upwards of T,o00, 900 tons of seed per year, most of this being the great staples. wheat, corn, cotton, etc, and practically all of these seed supplies being produced at home. Nevertheless, we were accustomed before the war to import large quantities of seed from Europe. For some vegetables, sugar beats and other crops we depended almost entirely upon the European seed supply Seed importations from Europe were curtailed or entirely cut off after the war
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
Negroes Work Saturday

Much work is being done by the negro farm demonstration agents of Alabama along many agricultural lines. and espe- cially with their Uncle Sam's Saturday service league. The slogan of this league is Win the War By Working Six Days Per Week." Posters, giving informa- ton with reference to the league, have been systematically distributed all over the state. All that is necessary to be- come member is to sign registration card obligating the member to work on as many Saturdays as practicable during the busiest part of thee rop season. Each member is given a badge with Uncle Sam's Saturday Service Leaguep on it. On November 30, those who have worked 2l Saturdays will receive a certificate The Saturday Service league is approved by the state council of defense, which co-operatesb paying the cost of the membership badge.
 District Agent T. M Campbell of the Tuskegee institute reports 5000 buttons and registration cards have been dis tributed, "Out of that number" says Agent Campbell, '60oO have returned, cer- tifying an active membership, We have distributed 10000 posters, and have sent out samples of al material to the may ors of every county seat town, county superintendents of education-in Alabama, and also to the state superintendents of education in the 15 southern states, and have received interesting replies from many of them. We have introduced 1t to fl negro war speakers, appointed by the war department The state of North Carolina has adopted our entire system. Tennessee. Oklahoma and Texas are try ing it out"
 These negro demonstration agents real ize their duty along this line, and are to be commended for the energy with which they arep ushing it. The average ne- gro laborer has long considered Satur- day holiday, and in this crisis anything that will induce him to work six instead of five days per week will add materially to the sum total of available labor for crop production.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11

1 high temperature, with the exhaust passing behind it, immediately reduces
 these heavier parts to a thoroughly va porized condition. The mixture, trav- cling in circle, naturally throws
 these parts to the outside, where they ! catch on the notches protrudinG from l the wall.
 1 Vaporizing and using all of the kero- 1 sene fuel in the combustion is important /, for many reasons. It saves fuel, prevents
 kerosene from getting by the pistons into the crank ease and cutting the lubricatnS 1 oil and prevents carbon trouble. | The use of this device is big advan- | tage to the owner of an Avery tractor. | i solves his fuel problem and does away with many of the other little problems i that have to do with successful tractor 1 operation.
 At the Fremont tractor demonstration last fall, Avery tractors made a remark able demonstration of the use of kerosene fuel. Each tractor at the demonstra- | ton claiming to be a kerosene burner was allowed per cent of it's fuel capacity for starting purposes, and after this was given the tanks were officially sealed. Avery tractors not only met every con-
 dition of this rule, but did more. They
 burned kerosene without calling for any
 more gasoline for starting during the entire week than the per cent allowed for the first days filling of kerosene. They burned kerosene without a lot of black smoke coming out of the exhaust, showing that they burned all of it.
 They burned kerosene without part of it passing the pistons and cutting the lubrication7-the oil in the chank case did not have to be changed.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
By CHARLES A. wHITrLE

Many farmers will use fertilizers m uer iai sown grain for the first time 1T tneir experience Will they use the righ; kind m the right quantities to get tho best returns?
 Many farmers have in the mast used to6 littie lertillzers per acre on small grains or lhey nave used the wrong kind Shall year?
 Misdirection or lack of direction. fol- lowed py poor returns to the farmer from tne use Of fertilizers, means irl epara- Die injury to the industry.
 on the other hand, good advice result ing III eHiclent use of fertilizer and prof itaple returns, means good results 70 poth the farmer and the fertilizer indus try.
 OI course, the welfare of the fertilizer industry is inseparably linked with the wei1are or the farmer, but this would seem 10 be the time when welfare is to pc spoken Of in terms of the nation. and the slze of crop yields with a thought of the mlnlstration to national necessities.
 EiIiclency of fertilizers is to be striven TOT the more because of their shortage ana thelr importance in crop yields Since there IS not enough to go around they should not be spread too thinly for that reason. but they should be used in that amount which will bring the greatest yields.
 Oplnions may vary, but no one will oeny that this injunction is a safe one with regard to fertilizers. Make it practice to feed the plants balanced
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
FERTILIZER UNDER GRAIN

ration on your farm. until, from e--peri.
 ment, conducted on a small sna1e you
 find out if any one of these elemenes can
 be omitted from the fertilizer
 This is the sarest admonition because II is known fact that as a rule soils are lacking in these, that niants neaJ such elements, for they contain them an5 because the experiment station results show that complete and balanced fer tillzers have given the largest yields.
 It is what the plant says in response 10 fertilizer applications that must be needed. One may judge because a soil IS black that it will not respond to an application of nitrogen, but this is often not the case. One may know that elays contain good deal of potash give but find that applications of potash pronts. Appearances are. therefore often deceptive Let the plant answer If ;s undertaking to feed. not the soil. though heiping one helps the other. The indus try IS after direct results for the farmer.
 through the past years complete fertiI- izers have given best results not only at experiment. stations but with farmers: therefore, business has been built up in response to the needs of the plants, in complete fertilizers, and the demand for that kind of fertilizer has. therefore. been given chief attention.
 The fertilizer industry, in a word. should at this time lay great stress upon advising the farmer how to make the best use of his fertilizers that he may feed his plants in a way to help them STOW war crop.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
Boys and Girls Clubs

More than 2. .4O0eoo ncys and girls were reached through club work last year, ac- cording to compilation recently made by the United States department of agri- culture, which supervises this work in cooperation with the state agricultural colleges. Of this number approximately 350,0oC made complete reports, which show that they produced and conserved products amounting to $0.oo0,0o0 In the 8 northern and western state S40,606 boys and girls were enrolled. Of this num- Der 160,6S made complete reports and produced and conserved products valued at $3,7oo,000. In the south there were il5,745 boys enrolled in the regular work, who produced products valued at S4,500, ,00O, and 7S,S06 girls, who produced and con- served products value dat $l,500,000. In the emergency club work in the south the club leaders reached over 100000 boys and approximately 100000 girls, who produced and conserved products valued at more than s4,0oO00o.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
Wheatless Loaf Is Found

The wheatless loaf has been found While the whole country has been seek. ing the 100 per cent wheat substitute yeast bread a recipe has been developed in the experimental kitchen of the United States food administration that may mean the saving of thousands of pounds of wheat flour before flour from the next harvest is available The recipe is soon to be published by the office of home economies, United States department of agriculture, on a new food card which carries directions for making three new wheat substitute breads-the half wheat loaf, the one fourth wheat loaf and the wheatless
 loaf
 The directions for making the wheat less bread are as follows:
 All of these: 1A cups liquid 1 table spoon corn syrup, 4 cake yeast, tea spoons salt whole egg.
 With one of these: 3N cups barley 2a. cups ground rolled oats.
 One of these: 24 cups corn flour. 2h cups rice flour, 2% cups sweet potato flour, 2B cups (scant) tapioca flour.
 Make sponge of materials under (ex- cept egg) and F of ingredients used from and 3. Sponge should stand in warm place until very. light, at least two hours. Work in balance of sub stitute mixture when sponge is light. Work in egg beaten slightly. Shape into loaf. Place in pan. Brush top of loaf with melted fat. Let rise to double bulk and bake in loaf pan in hot oven for one hour.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
No Open House for Rats

Do not keep "open house" for rats by leaving basement doors ajar for ventila ton without proper safeguards. The management of a large department store in an eastern city recently had very expensive lesson in this regard. Rats had been doing damage to the extent of near ly Sl00o month, but by persistent trap- ping were finally exterminated The building was then made "rat-proof" But after a time. rats were again at their work of destruction
 Puzzled to know how the pests had gained entrance, the management learned that in summer the night watchman was accustomed to leave basement door open for ventilation. Naturally, the rate entered, and another campaign of ex- termination had to be waged. This ex- pense could easily have been prevented. says the bureau of biological survey of the department of agriculture, if a piece of sheet iron three feet high had been placed across the doorway and the sides Of the doorway sheeted with metalor oth- erwise made smooth so that rats could not gain foothold. Rats can not climb over such barriers, as they do over mesh or crossed wires.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11

When you were boy did you ever wet your fingers and snap them at a hot stove and watch the drops of va Ger immediately burst into vapor? If YOU did, then you will readily under stand the principle of the Avery Gasi- fer. This wonderful new invention, which is regular equipment of the Avery tractors, turns kerosene into gas
 in about the same way that those drops Of water vaporized over the not stove, only much more quickly. It is a won derful success, and is said by many to be unquestionably one of the gerat- est features ever devised for an in- ternal combustion engine operating on kerosene fuel
 Kerosene is logically the fuel TOT farm tractors. Gasoline is too expen- sIye Nearly all tractor manufacturers recognize this and are making com mendable efforts to enable their GUS toners to operate their machines on chis fuel. Kerosene has plenty of power when properly vaporized, but their problem has been to keep the fuel mixture thoroughly vaporized in the manifold until it is used and to reduce any of the small particles of kerosene that might get, by the carbu- retor, or, in other words, condense again into liquid form before, being fired in the cylinder.
 This Avery Gasifier answers that problem. The fuel miA ture coming from the carburetor is whirled around in the chamber so that the heavier parts of the mixture are thrown in contact with the notched wall of the gasifier. This wall heinz kept at a
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
Rape as a Forage Crop
By E. E. RUSHING

Rape is very valuable as a forage crop. It makes excellent feed for hogs sheen and milch cows. Like many other feeds. it's odor is sometimes left in the milk and should be fed after milking, if possi- ble.
 For best development, rape requires a rich, loalmy soil, seldom doing we'll on light sandy soils elays. Any soil that will grow cabbage, turnips, etc., will grow rape
 f There are different ways of seeding rape, but the best method in most in- stances is to drill in rows 24 to 2S inches apart. Drilling in rows have several ad- vantages. If the season is dry cultiva- ton will conserve the moisture. Culti- vation will also kill out the weeds and cause more luxuriant growth. When pasturing the stock will walk between the rows a greater part of the time, tramping less on the plants. For constant supply of rape all sum mer it should be seeded as early as the ground will work, and seeded at in tervals of two weeks afterward. Or when cut three or four inches from the ground it will come out and grow second crop if it is not too dry.
 Rape will be ready to feed in eight to 10 weeks from the day of seeding Sheep and swine may be turned directly in the field, but it pays to cut it for cattle, to keep them from tramping so much under their feet.
 Rape is also valuable as a poultry feed. All kinds-eof poultry relish it and a flock of geese will live on field of rape as long as 1t lasts.
 If there Is spot of ground that is badly infested with weeds, nothing will destroy them quicker and more effectual- ly than field of rape. The cultivation will hold them in check till the rape has reached such a growth as to shade the ground till the weeds will not grow ?
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
''Win-the-War Kitchen

A new Twin the War Kitchen just opened III Richmond, Va, has been es- tahlshed to save surpluses of fruits and vegetables coming to the Richmond mar kets. The kitchen is Nin charge of the urban home demonstration agent of the department of agriculture, and the State Agricultural college and three assistants. It is situated next to one of the large markets, and has equipment for handling a ton of products daily. In addition to a spacious glassed-in demonstration room, there is one room containing a drying plant and a steam pressure canner, another for canned surplus. one for the storage of vegetables, rest room, and the offices of the urban home demonstration agent and the state leader of city work. The work of the kitchen is being put on thorough busi- ness basis A committee representing the three markets will buy up the sur plus at a reasonable wholesale rate be- fore it goes into the markets, thereby preventing gluts and assuring fresh products for canning and drying. The home demonstration agents are working in close cooperation with the food ad- ministration
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
Alabama Cow Testing

Excellent work is being done by the Canebrake Cow Testing association of Demopolis. According to the report of the official tester 10 cows made records of 1000 pounds of milk, or 40 pounds of butter fat or more, during the period of 90 days ending May 31
 Two registered Jersey cows owned bv w. H. Harrison produced I125 and 1OSS pounds of milk during the 50 days-the larger yield being 4.S gallons per day for 30 days. The amount of butter fat pro- duced by this particular COW was 46lS pounds. or an average of about two pounds of butter per day
 One grade Guernsey owned by F IT Sparks produced 9i9 pounds of milk and 46ls pounds of butter fat One of the grade Jerseys produced 9S0 pounds of milk and 42.S pounds of butter fat
 There are 20 members of this COW test ing association, with total of a3O cows The official tester spends one day per month at each farm He weighs and tests the milk, makes a record of feed given, and shows what each COW has done during the month. The members of the association pay sl 50 per COW per year. The official tester is taken care of Tn the way of room and board by the m embers of the association, and when he nniSheS al one farm he is carried to the next by the dairyman whose work he has just finished.
 J. P. Quinerly, dairy husbandman for the extension service at Auburn, reports the members of the association as very enthusiastic in their work County Agent Frank R. Curtis reports that labor short age in that section is forcing the use of much improved farm machinery. He states that seven milking machines have been installed recently. The labor shortage makes it absolutely necessary that all of these improved implements be made use of, and it speaks well for the dairymen in the vicinity of Demopolis to state that they have installed seven milking machines recently.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
BLACK WALNUT IN DEMAND

The department of agriculture has undertaken to assist the war depart ment in obtaining the large quantities of walnut timber needed for gunstock and airplane propeller material The demand is far beyond what can be supplied through the usual channels of trade. Appeal is being made to all owners. who can be reached to assist in getting every available walnut tree to market This is urged both as a patriotic duty and as good business, owing to the high prices now being paid for walnut.
 Because of it's resistance to warping and splitting, walnut is the best wood Tor these essential parts of our war making equipment. Experts of the forest service are in the field locat- ing available supplies. Considerable quantities of walnut have been re- ported by the county agents, and the Boy Scouts, at the request of Pres:- dent Wilson, are making a canvass of walnut owners
 WHERE TO SELL
 The firms having contracts with the government, to furnish black walnut Tor gunstocks and airplane propellers and subcontractors of those concerns
 
 logs in lots of carload or moro. staEdlng walnut of merchantable amount, and lumber of specified kinds A list of these firms may be had by applying to the forest service, Wash ington, D. c. No direct purchases of walnut timber are made by the gov ernment; it is merely using it's ma chinery to locate the timber and stim- ulate the placing of it on the market by bringing the manufacturers and timber owners together
 ! Actuated by patriotism, some farm, CTS have sold walnut at low prices to persons representing themselves as buyers for the government, who have then resold to the manufacturers at a large profit for themselves. Buyers should be required to show their ere dentials before a sale is made If a1 vised of the name and address of per- sons making false claims and threat ening to force people to sell their wal nut, the government is in a position to investigate the cases and take &C., tion.
 A carload of walnut logs usually
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
Center of Production

The center of agricultural production of United States, according to the value Of crop and animal products for 1917, is ia west central Illinois, as shown by a diagram just issued by the department of agriculture. The states of greatest production are: Iowa, sl, ,3S0, ,0oo, GOO; Illi- nois. $l.255. 1000; Texas. sl,045, ,0oO, ,OoO; Missouri, s9470oo,0oo; Ohio. ss51, 1,0O0,OO; Ne- breska, T74,000,000 Indiana, $766, 6,O0OO0 Kansas. $735, ,00o,0oo; New York. $700,OOO,- ,- 0oo Pennsylvania, $636, ,0000, ,0O0 Georgia, s6o5, 900, ,Ooo;W isconsin, 9Sooo,oO Califor- mia, $575. .0oo. 900; Michigan, $534 0oo, GOO, and Kentucky, $529, 900, ,000
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
Melon Pests

Cantaloupe and watermelon plants are often injured by the melon aphis or plant louse. This insect gives off a se- erection called "honeydew." This sub- stance sometimes covers the leaves, and one may easily believe that no insect is present unless a careful examination Is made. It attacks cucumbers as well as the melons and cantaloupe, and is one of the most destructive pests growers of these crops have to contend with. The fact that it feeds on the under side of the leaves make it rather difficult to get at. The most satisfactory remedy is to spray with a solution composed of nicotine sulphate, soap and water. Use three fluid ounces of nicotine sulphate t40 per cent with one pound of laun- dry soap and 9 gallons of water Spray this on the under side of the leaves so the solution will come in direct contact with the bodies of the insects. Absolute thoroughness is necessary. in order to secure satisfactory results.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
Will List Free Herds

A list of the owners of accredited herds pure bred dairy herds that have shown by two annual tuberculin tests that they are free from uberculosis-together with passed one test, the number in the va rious herds and the breeds, will be pub- lished by the bureau of animal industry n July. It is planned that this list with additions will be published periodically thereafter. This information will be of value to buyers and sellers of dairy cat tie. IS it will enable buyers to locate cattle that are free from tuberculosis md Will help breeders in finding more ready market.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
CREMATION KING SYLVIA NO. 2314O5
me $lO6OOO Registered Hosten Bull Owned by carnaon
 Milk Stock Farms, Seattle and Oconomowoc

Al the annual sale of the Hosen aukee SIX months old in the ncton ring Tor Sl0oOO0nearly twice mal. " 1 was paiu iol
 Eprdee A. Stuart Milk Stock Fa,. located at and on
 its name when purchased anna z54Oo but rechrstened Sylvia stuart when asked regarding the purchase said:
 T merely want to helping mnrova da,rv industry or breeding or the ancestors of this bull purchased the pest pull Tn the world His record for milk production. one day and 4l pounds butter Another o her
 4ioW pounds or milk in thirty also the worlds record She has total of records" - ~
 canaton Farms the registered osteins n tue oned states Our farms arms for the benefit of daymen supplying milk to inc carnaton Eapoaed Milk company bene n ested in the distribution canned milk wa s+ h he best quality of fresh milk the danen not % 70 produce milk of good quality produce axnn [ ny at minimum expense The only accomplish both mr. poses s so nave gooa cows With bis producing
 The SO6O0O bull calf will sbrnaa express the Chicago. Milwaukee St. paurs limited . ran 10 Carnatlon Farm Seattle. several high priced Holsten high record anst respectively at $12000 S1OoO0 s5Ooo ''' ssiueu
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
Surplus of Velvet Beans

Because of the surplus of velvet beans in the south efforts are being made by the bureau of markets to aequaint dairy men and feeders of live stock in the north and east of the value of velvet- bean meal in feeding live stock. Exper- iments have been conducted at southern experiment stations indicating that this meal is an excellent feed for cattle, horses and hogs and il is pointed out that because of the high prices of mill feeds velvet-bean meal should be used more generally by dairymen in the north and east
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-07-11
THE SOY BEAN IN ALABAMA

are recommended. On good land they produce from one to two tons of hay that is of high feeding value, being sim liar in composition to hay from cow peas, clover and alfalfa
 Note:-For full discussion of varieties. fertilizers, culture. harvesting and uses of soy beans, ask for bulletin No. 2oS oi the Alabama experiment station.