davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

II you are troubled with colds, try
Duofold Health underwear, II is recon-
mended by many OF our best physi-
clans. Giidner Bros.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

VIE sell Cleo the best paste for Of
Ace and desk use. Marshall Printing
Company.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

We save you money on we'll paper
and paint. Have your home decorated
now and save money. simmons.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

Engraved Christmas cards now on
sale. Marshall Printing Company.
Y. w. c. A. gym classes open We'd
nesday at Y. NJ. c. Acknowledgement.
We sell Cleo the best paste for Of
flee and desk use. Marshall Printing
Company.
Let us explain the virtues OF Duofold
Health underwear to you. For men and
boys Gildner Bros
Just received another shipment OF
those fine 24x40 flags. We sell them
for a dollar. simmons
To Rent-Modern steam heated Of
fee and living rooms over strand
Theater. Single or In suite. +. l..
Meeker.
The Charles Stepan home, ll2 South
Center street, was quarantined for
scarlet fever Monday. A baby or the
, family Ii sick
Mr.. and Mrs +. II. Rohde, 40s Union
street. are parents of seven-pound
daughter, born at the Deaconess hos
pital Monday.
Pilgrim meals are home cooked
meals. II you are tired of cooking buy
one Of our low priced tickets. Pilgrim
Hotel Phone 106
Levi Fisher, young man working
with a road grading gang east OF the
city, was removed to the city detention
hospital Monday, suffering with small
pox.
The Central Iowa Business College
will resume work tomorrow (Wednes-
day. morning. No evening classes un-
til Monday, November 4. Lena A.
vogt, Principal
Send the soldier boys books. There
is nothing that will relieve their minds
as good reading. We have just re-
ceived an enormous stock of popular
copyright novels. Simmons.
Market sale in Marshalltown Satur-
day, Nov. End. Phone US at once what
you will have for this sale. Look for
large add in tomorrow nights paper.
Plumb, Munro. Mason & Shoemaker.
For Sale-A fine bunch of feeding
shoats, also good bunch Of black-faced
eve lambs. Would take in exchange
on lambs, young horses or cattle. Phone
or write Plumb & Munro, Marshall
town.
The meeting of the Lincoln Way
Social Club, which was to have been
held Wednesday afternoon. has been
postponed one week, and will be held
at the home of Mrs. A. G. Diller, Dol
South Ninth street.
Your soldier boy will appreciate your
photo for Christmas. Have it taken
at once 50 you can send 1t before Nov.
20. We make you one free just the
right size for pocket, with every dozen
| order. Apgar Studio.
Fire which originated under the floor
Of frame building just south of the
American Machine Produce Company
factory, called out the department at
o'clock this morning. The blaze was
brought under control before scarcely
any damage was done, and the loss was
very small. The building is used for
storage by the machine products COM
pany.
Word received today by Mrs. A. E.
Paxson tells Of the marriage last
Thursday of Mrs. Josephine L. john
son, Of Davenport, but formerly OF
| this city, to F. B. Kephart, OF Cedar
\ Rapids. The ceremony was performed
| at the Sunshine mission in Davenport
by Rev. Mr. Ward. Mr.. and Mrs. KEEP
| hart will make their home in Cedar
| Rapids this winter, but in the spring
will move to a farm near Indepen-
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

Just in, car Franklin county nut and
Franklin county lump. Have few tons
unsoId. Get your order in early,
Bowles, Billings, Kessler Grain Com
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

We have . nice ifne Of Halloween.
goods. Simmons
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

Y. w. c. A. gym classes open Wed
nesday at Y. NJ. c. Acknowledgement
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

Engraved Christmas cards now on
sale. Marshall Printing Company.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

Duofold Health Underwear for men
and boys. Cotton inside, wool outside,
warmth without weight. Giidncr's.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

Potatoes! Potatoes! Potatoes!
sl.15 at the store. S1.20 ut your door
Flowers Market and Grocery.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

| Centerviile coal. best for stove use.
| Consumers. Phone Ss.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

We sell Cleo the best paste for Of
fee and desk use. Marshall Printing
Company.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

Let us explain the virtues OF Duofold
Health underwear to you. For men and
boys Gildncr Bros.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

Y. NJ. C, A. Open Today.
Gym classes beginning Wednesday
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

Just received another shipment OF
those fine 24x40 flags. We sell them
for dollar. simmons.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

We are Offering three or four new
modern bungalows, also new modern
homes, from $4,000 down. Right lo-
cation. Priced right. s. C, Bell, phone
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

To Rent--Modern steam heated Of
| flee and living rooms over Strand
Theater. Single or In suite. +. l..
: Maakar
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

Franklin county lump. Have few tons
unsoId. Get your order in early,
Bowles, Billings, Kessler Grain Com
pany.
We are Offering three or four new
modern bungalows. also new modern
homes. from $4,000 down. Right To-
cation. Priced right. S. C, Bell, phone
SS5.
The Central Iowa Business College
will resume work tomorrow tWednes-
day. morning. No evening classes I'M
til Monday, November 4. Lena A,
vogt, Principal.
The regular meeting Of the Minis
terial Association of Marshalltown and
vicinity will be held Monday morning
at 10:30 o'clock. Committee Of Min
isterial Association.
Market sale IN Marshalltown Satur-
day, Nov. End. Phone us at once what
you will have for this sale. Look for
large add in tomorrow nights paper
Plumb, Munro, Mason & Shoemaker.
Miss Grace Mann, teacher in the
Bettendorf schools who has been here
for ten days visiting her parents, Mr..
and Mrs. II. +. Mann, while the schools
her work.
The street address of the e. c.
Kenner home. which was quarantined
for smallpox Sunday was incorrectly
given in Mondays issue Of the T.-R.
as 402 North Second avenue. The cor
rect address is 402 North First avenue.
The Bargain Hat Shop at 121 East
State street, is placing on sale for tho
week one lot Of hats, trimmed and
untrimmed, at the astonishing low
price of $1.95. See them and convince
yourself Of real bargains. Weber Mil
linery. -.
Mrs. Mary Nichols and daughter
loosa Saturday to attend the funeral
of Mrs. Chester Shoemaker. Of Apple.
ton, Wis, the step daughter .: Mrs.
Sarah Demorest, of Washington, ID. G.,
who is the daughter and sister of Mrs.
Nichols and Miss Nichols. Mrs Shoe
maker died very suddenly of influenza.
She was % years old and is survived
by her husband and two small sons.
Earl c. West, 60a East Linn street.
went to Des Moines this morning to
report for duty with the naval re-
serves at the Great Lakes training
station, where he will so from Des
.Moines. He enlisted in the naval
aviation sectiop in July and has since
been waiting to be called. He has
been employed by the Mar shall Vinegar
Company for the last four years. His
brother. Clyde E. West, has been in
service in France since May.
Private funeral services for Thomas
Thirdly were held at the home. $40
North Center street, at $50 Monday
afternoon. Rev. r. B. Davidson con-
Quoted the services. Tho pail bearers
were Henry Coleman. j. ). Lynx, s. s.
Lynx, r. H. Hetter, G. W. Allen and
H. o. Stowell. The flower bearers
were Mrs. Mary Wilson, Mrs. Leroy
Thompson, Mrs. J. j. Lynx and Mrs. G..
A. Tewksbury. Those from a distance
who attended the service were Mr.. and
Mrs. Fred Thirdly. Dunkerton; and
Mr.. and Mrs. James Kennedy and Giles
Kennedy. of Boone. Burial was in
Riverside.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

In the End Floor Annex
Smart Models In Coats
For Children
Fine velour plush cnats
coats Of tiger and leopard
cloth and coats Of fine
broadcloth. Pretty. warm
coats to delight both child
and parent, $3.50 to $3.50.
The 2OTc Sale On Boys
Suits Continues
Come tomorrow and,
make your selection while
the assortment Is still var
led. Every suit with the,
exception Of our blue serges
is included.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

Centervilie coal. best for stove use,
Phone IS.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

The Central Iowa Business College
will resume work tomorrow tWednes-
day. morning. No evening classes I'M
til Monday November 4. Lena A,
Voyt PRINCIPAL
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

Always ask your grocer for sweet
Home bread. Central Bakery.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

Engraved Christmas cards now on
sale, Marshall Printing Company.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

The Charles Stepan home, ll2 South
Center street. was quarantined for
scarlet fever Monday. A baby OF the
family ia sick
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

Y. w. c. A. gym classes open We'd
nesday ut Y. Nj. c. Acknowledgement.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-10-29

wanted-To buy, clean, cotton rag'
8 cents per pound. Marshall Printing
CoYnpany.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
Throw Away Your Sprays and Douches
---Ihey Cannot Cure Your Catarrh

same time. Rather throw away your
sprays forever, If they are to interfere
with the proper treatment of your
Catarrh.
S. S. S. Is the most satisfactory
blood remedy known. and Is purely
vegetable, containing only the extracts
and juices of roots and herbs. This
great remedy has been in constant use
for more than fifty years and has
gwen splendid results in. the treat
ment of Catarrh. All druggists sell 1t,
but insist that they give you the gem
1 uine s. S. S. There is nothing Just
| as Good"
You are invited to write to on,
medical director. who will gladly give
you expert advice regarding the treat.
ment Of your own case. without charge
Address Swift Specific Co., 1906
lSwift Laboratory. Atlanta, Ga
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
Refuse Socialists
Passports to Russia.

Paris, Dec. 31.-Premier Clemenceau
today refused the request Of a dele
cation of socialist members of the
chamber of deputies for passports to
Petrograd for socialist delegates.
The premier in his reply told the
Socialists that he did not doubt their
patriotism, but said the situation at
Petrograd was too unsettled for a use
full result to be obtained from their
intervention and that giving them
passports might seem like an endorse
ment of their mission. which would
produce q harmful effect on opinion at
the front as well us in the rear.
Many people would not fail to say
in that case, added the premier. that
France was taking part in preliminary
negotiations for peace which was in
noWiSc thought of in the absence of
serious propositions from the enemy.
In big rabbit drive, 1000 soldiers in
New Mexico camp dubbed one thou
sand to death on five mile tract.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
Liverpool Grows Tomatoes
in City Park Greenhouses

Liverpool. Dec. 31.--A year ago the
city of Liverpool decided to suspend
the cultivation of ehrysenthemums in
tho greenhouses attached to the pub
tic parks, and grow something useful
instead. The result of the years work
is announced in a sport just pub
iished. which states that 10000 pounds
of tomatoes Were thus grown. all of
which were sent in weekly shipments
to about so nilitary hospitals In the
] Liverpool disikict
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
A. 3. siMERsoN, Apples for Sol

diers"-Resolved, that every man,
woman and child in Missoula county
and Ravalli county be induced by
persuasion or hypnotism to give one
big, juicy apple, In perfect condition
and ready to pack, to be sent to the
American soldier boys in foreign
lands. With the population of Mis-
soula county estimated at 10000 and
the population of Ravalli county es-
timated at $1,000 persons the apples
so donated would fill the car that we
are trying to pack to send as our
share Of the 100 cars that to be sent
to the boys. Surely. one apple is
not too much for each person to give.
Some of the more devoted patriots
might even sacrifice two big red APP
pies, to add to the comfort of the
soldiers who have given their all for
their countrys good.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01

Creek get beyond control.
Company +, Second Montana, mobi-
ICES at Helena.
3. Missoula citizen telegraphs Wash
inGton for protection against |. w. w.
4. Little Mary Bement Of Mssoula,
dies as result Of burns.
G. Draft notices mailed TO 394 men.
7. +. A. Silcox, district forester, or
dored to Washington.
8. Thrcshins begins on Flathead.
il. Burglars blow safe at Arlee.
u. Examination of Missoula regis
trants begins.
IA. Mrs. +. S. Newton dies of self
inflicted wounds.
Milwaukee train goes into ditch near
Iluson.
I6. Forest fires beyond control at
Bonner.
10. Dr. r.. O. Ssson, new president
Of university, arrives.
Mrs. Katherine Mills. pioneer, dies at
Florence.
%. BAD forest fire near Lolo.
20. Red Cross membership campaign
opens,
II. Granville Stuart observes eighty
third birthday.
Gerald Higgins dies of heart disease.
September.
). Missoula gives demonstration for
drafted men passing through city.
8. |. w. w. in city are raided by
United States marshal.
q. Former Ambassador James w.
Gerard speaks to big MIssoula audi
cnco at university.
lG. Knights of Pythias hold conven-
ton in city.
%. Mrs. J. j. Ryan announced as
winner of Missoula garden contest.
26, All Missoula unites in saying
goodbye to her drafted men.
%. University begins its fall term
with enrolment of 200.
October.
I. J.. A. SilcoX made captain in for
cstry regiment.
,. state Press ASSOCIATION begins
convention here.
s. Third Missoula contingent leaves
for training camps.
10. f.. O. SissOn inaugurated as pres
ident OF state University.
22. Missoula holds mass meeting on
eve Of Liberty loan drive.
%. University CO. eds pledge one dol
lar each for Liberty bonds.
"a. Business men of city close shops
to held in Liberty loan drive
20. University men drop out of
school for three days to save potato
crops.
II. Announcement is made that Mis-
Isoula ovcrsubSCrihed Liberty loan quota
November.
4-~Missoula enthusiastically begins
community singing custom.
10-Montana University defeats
State College in annual football game
by score of 9 to 7.
12-Y. w. c. \. campaign for $500
begun.
l5-Miss Gertrude Sloane reaches
France with other u. S. Army nurses.
1I--White slave circle, with Peter
Pippi at head, is uncovered in Missoula.
19--Missoula holds second commu-
nifty singing.
2o~~Y. NJ, c. A. subscriptions reach
$4,000 mark.
26-Norman G.. STREET and G. d. Mon
ieth of Missoula, given commissions
in army,
December.
N"S'' 'tfNI'tS bSS III ST run.
l6-UniNersity goods give Christ
| mas to poor Riddles.
1S-A. l.. Stone and d. d. Richards
elected for second terms as executive
and secretary of chamber of COM
merce.
H-University ends first quarter of
1917 term.
20-'Pink' Simns, first Missoula
| man to be In real war In Europe, writes
of experiences.
25--Missoula observes Christmas
with community singing at municipal
tree and welcomes it in with now GUS
tom of burning light in window OF each
home.
81. WaShouts. resulting from extreme
weather. tie up railroads near Mis-
Soula, and make road travel impossible.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
PHILIP S. BROWN, ATTIC .ney -~ Re

solved, that with my friend A. i.
Niolettc as accomplish and compan-
ion. ! will walk at least six miles
every SUNDAY afternoon, regardless
of the state of weather, in order that
we may train ourselves into condi-
ton to give valuable service in the
home guard. We tried it last sun
day and found that we We're in need
of Just such hardening training, if
we would give physical service as
well as legal advice to help win the
war.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
E. REA COUZENs, Bell Telephone

Resolved, that we, as individuals and
as an institution answer all tele-
phone calls before the 80" Is
dropped from the Hello" by our pat
rons and to keep our wires SO warm
with instantaneous service that
creased lightning Will not stick upon
them.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
PATRICK }. o'sRIEN, United States

Forest Service-Resolved, that with
the opening of this new year, every
lodge, every society and every club
of Missoula be stirred to its patriotic
privilege and duty to the extent of
taking a membership in the local
chapter Of the Red Cross society. A
sustaining membership may be pur-
chased for $40 and Il life member
ship may be purchased for $50 There
are rs different trades and labor Or
CARNATIONS listed in the latest issue
of the western Montana directory
Eight lodges Of the Masons, and %
other brotherhoods, orders and So
cieties are listed in the directory
while many other organizations live
and thrive in Missoula. The sum of
$50, or even $40, multiplied by the
number of organizations, would mean
an amount worth while to be devoted
to the great service rendered by
means of the Red Cross.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
FARGO AIDS HALIFAX BLIND.

Fargo, n. n, Dec. 3l.-More than
sos was raised at a New Years Conn
munity singing" held here tonight fer
the benefit of the 800 children blinded
in the recent Halifax disaster,
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
ALBERT BESANCON, Attorney

Since the Russian people are vast
ing so much time and strength in
debate and making resolutions, | be
heVe 1t Is for patriotic American
citlzehS to refrain from making reso-
llllonS THIS year and simply to work
with might and main to win the war,
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
Science Shows the Way to the Proper
Treatment,

Science shows conclusively that
Catarrh cannot be permanently cured
by depending alone on local treatment
with sprays. douches, inhalers and
Ointments.
Catarrh Is not local disease. It
r. more than an inflammation of the
AaeMbranes and air passages. When
son are all choked up SO that you can
hardly breathe, your condition has
been brought about by millions of tiny
GefnsaMhiHh have found Judgment in
yont blood.
III = only By cleansing your blood of
2 ~ dt3ease germs and driving them
nr system that YOU can get rid
E8farrh. s. 8. S. drives the
NJ ok your blood and acts as a
1oMx general system ct the
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
3. 8. RICHARDS, Secretary chambe,

Of Commerce-In behalf of the Mis-
soula Chamber of Commerce. l take
the liberty of extending to Missoula
and ali western Montana, best wishes
for a happy and prosperous new year.
1t is my hope that 1918 will see a
community even more united, more
prosperous, and therefore able to be
of greater assistance to our govern
ment.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
MRS. PRISCILLA MlLEs-Resolved,

that, with the help of Miss Ewing,
Mrs. Donlan and Miss Morgan, |
will be able to turn in an even $100
to the Red Cross work. as a result of
our fortune telling bit" We have
now $50 in our cash box and We be-
lieve that the additional SIS will be
forthcoming from the friends who
are interested in the story told by
the cards or by the lines written in
the palms offered for the reading.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
new Year
FROM CITIZENS
Many MissOulians Tell What
They Wish for the Com
ing IL Months.
SEVERAL WANT PEACE
Others Pray for Success of
American Soldiers in
European Battles.
{Continued From Page onc.)

Outstanding Of the answer given CEN
turtles ago to the question, "Who is
my neighbour"
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
RICHARD FRIDAY, Attorney - M,

resolution Is to tell all in the alb
stract and to keep my title clear for
the year, but never to tell ON Friday
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01

MRS. LUCY WlLSON--Resolved, that
no sacrifice will be too great for me
to make this year, if it will add one
little bit in making the world safe
from the horror of another war.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
Or. N. J. LENNEs, State University

May we bear our share of the world IS
burden with cheer. May our hearts
be strong not to compromise with the
reincarnation of the hrute--not to
make peace until the enemies of
peace shall have been crushed.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01

c. c. GARLlNGTON.-Resolved, that
we who are engaged in freight traffic,
use our best efforts to assist and CO.
operate with the government in its
great task of railway control in order
TO get supplies and ammunition to
our boys over there; that we give our
experience and energy to help make
government ownership work out
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
MISS RUTH KELLOGG, City Clerk

I am firm in the hope and in the be-
lief that before the passing Of an
other year we Americans will all of
us have a clearer and larger concep~
ton of doing our bit
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01

right for stockholders and for ship
perS.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
HARRY cEpHARr, CITY treasurer

] hope that universal peace shall
reign before the close of 1918 and
that all of our boys came back to us
and bring Kaiser Bill with them.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01

'"N''a'ioH 10 America and to her CO.
belligerents.
Thinks Teutons Done.
General Staff officers here are un-
derstood to attach great Significance
10 the present attempt OF the central
powers to force the entente powers
INTO peace negotiations. TO their
mind, 1t is a clear indication that the
German military leaders have now ac-
complished all that they feel capabte
or doing in the field. They can hold
on for long time yet, it is suggested,
nut they cannot extend fields of oc-
cupation without an cnormons loss of
men and time at the risk of Il terrible
defeat. Therefore the Teuton diplo-
matists seek to realize everything pos
sible from what the German armies;
have done and the Brest -Litovslz he
gotiations are the first steps toward
that end.
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
e. S. WHEELER, United States High.
way Enqineer--I resolve simply and

firmly ITO pursue the even tenor of
my way, to naught extenuate and
naught set down in malice"
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
Government Will Try to
Neutralize Propaganda

Continued From Page One)
The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1918-01-01
Thinks Teutons Done.

invitation to America and to her co.
belligerents.