davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29
BY Fl. ]. Davenport
Professor Of Economics IN Cornell
University

y OSI Of the men returning from
IVA camps and the trenches will
seek some sort Of wage-earn~
'Ns OVERWHELMINGLY, it may be
assumed, Ill the occupations that thev
lett. In the main, the men that work.
as most of US have to, arc laborers for
Aire--by salary, wage or fee---enployes
OF some sort, looking for their compensa-
ton to The men or the businesses that
employ them. Some men, it is true, hold
intermediate positions, receiving wages
tor their own work at the same time
With having charge Of the employing Of
others. And the men among YOU here
shat are really and ultimately Of the
employing class are not less than YOUR
Fellows in need Of understanding your
own position in relation TO wage carriers.
The widest Of economic truths is that
I'll incomes are received by title Of labor
therefore, who are either to receive or
TO pay the incomes which property COM
rnands have the same need to under
stand that always both property and
labor are paid for in return for the ser
ices that they promise to render. There
IS one and the same ultimate principle
tor all economic Conversations. What
ever person or thing promises to
&.cfieve valuable results commands 4
nlre, whether wage, salary, rent or in
terest, because through the competitions
OF the men that Go the buying or the
hiring or the employing price is at
racled in the market to the uses Of the
Thing or TO the services Of the labor.
All this is no denial Of what is com
monty known IS the law Of supply and
lemand, but is merely one way Of stat
-rg 1t. There is such q Law, valid al
Ways and everywhere in economic affairs,
V%ing the price Of labor, the returns
from property, the gains Of employers,
tue rates Of interest on funds, on exactly
the same ultimate basis as are also fixed
N-t~ NSu ~ 4NCo VIZ OK culinary DFQU-
ucts for sale. IF, then, you understand
The process by which the price Of q
bunch Of bananas OF u pair of shoes
) liked, you will in essentials under
stand how wages, or salaries. or rents.
Or rates Of interest are fixed. The truth
II every case sums up into an account
Of tile influences creating demand and
Of the forces limiting supply
Whence comes the demand for labor?
1t is commonplace with lazy or super
icial thinkers to assert that ii there
is an increase in the number of men to
be employed wages will have to go down,
precisely as it is often said that the roa-
son for the higher money wages OF
recent months has been that so many
laborcrs dropped their work to 80 into
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29
Economists Lesson on Wages for Returning Soldie

inc war. But the employer cannot paw
one man as much as two unless some.
now one man can give him as much sal.
aole result as two. And The men that
nave gone have had to be supported out
OF the product Of the men and the equip
ment still employed. Suppose that ,n
TIME OF peace half the working popula-
ton were idle and had to be SUPPORTED
by the other half Would the WORKING
half get twice as many products for
their labor. SO that, having supported
the others, they would have not less than
usual for themselves? They would need
h1gher wages surely. But would this
bring the wages? Whence would come
the ability Of the employers to paw the
old sum OF wages for half the old re-
suits? Why should the wages be appreci-
ABLY higher per man--even before the
taxes were to be paid for supporting the
other men and for supplying them
were such the need--with ships and can
non and ammunition? This could no
true only If the productive power Of one
man were enough more than one-ha]f
the productive power Of two men 50 rha,
Tie product or the wages Of the one
could pay for the support Of himself
ana leave not less ample support for
the other.
There is, in fact no necessity that
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29

o. course, are by temperament markedly
indiFidualistic, but spread over "a large
number OF men this quality seems to pro
duce teamwork; rather than the reverse.
Nor iS this paradoxical as it would an
pear' 1or individuals can tit into their
places and male q good combination. "
large unit composed Of specialists it is
N>e!y that most Of the talents and prof
c!ancles required in the army will be TO
hand 40 matter what one demands OF an
American unit, from lithography to bridge
building { choose rwo actual examples
from my own experienced ;5 can b, done
within the unit. Their bodies OF specialists
round themselves With remarkable cara
INTO symmetrical and scif-supportiny or
eanizations. And while all indvidua,is.
the American soldier is extremely aaant-
aoIe. 1e pride ourselves upon our powers
q improvisation, but il. this respect the
American soldier is fully our match both
IN ingenuity and application. Arising OUT
o. tlls indiv!dualism also is another advau-
cage o. the greatest value. that, as 4 Cana
dian officer remarked to me. Americans vr;1l
never lack For i leader in an emergency.
On the other hand, in the presence ~ .
duly appointed and qualified commander
they are as capable Of loyal cooperation
and exact obedience Us any professional
soldier.
II there Is one particular branch Of mill:
tary service which is most congeniaI to the
American genius il is aviation. The Amer
leans are at once nation OF individualists.
OF aportsmen and OF au.om obilsts. have
SAID enough OF The first quality: ard az For
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29
hook: Its Cause, Character and Cure

tons Of warfare, they show group Of
symptoms directly related to var.
"rhc war Shocks" D.. Coriat goes on 20
say, "are the outcro7pings Of deep comn1o-
tions in the unconscious mental life Of tho
sufferer, and usually assume the form OF
some morbid fear, or, as We call it, hys-
terra. Some Of the cases OF war neurosis
arc very temporary in duration. A man may
lose the use of his voice, and have it return
to him rs suddenly az IL disappeared Tn
der lees favorable circumstances the drra-
ton Of the disturbance is likely TO be great
" prolonged, just as in severe cases OF NOR
bid fear or hysteria produced BY tic shocks
Of civilian life. A man may be literally
Knocked spcecheso' by heavy loss as
easily as by heavy she'll. But, fortunately,
the case produced b. ere cause nay be
treated by much the same means as a Gaze
produced By the other. There is little in
shell shock that is further beyond the reacl,
Of modern psychological treatment than in
the mental disturbances We have been sue
cessfully treating for come time.
'0f course, tie mental condition % any
person suffering from what We call neu
rosis, whether the cause OF Il is the shock
OF war or Tie strain OF everyday life, is
extremely complicated. All sorts Of uncor-
scious as we'll as conscious factors are az
work. On that account the handling OF
these shock cases, their treatment,
their chances Of recovery, the possibility OF
their readjustnent to social and industrial
life, present many grave problems and
heavy duties to the medical profession.
* e
struction OF the fabric os society, broken
by war.
"Thc true case Of shell shock, where the
patient has suffered 10 physical III as
result OF conclusion, strikes Us at once a.
purely psychological. 1t may be that the
patient nnds himself unable 70 move limb,
or he cannot feel in certain parts OF his
body. Perhaps he has morbid fears by day
he may fear to cross e street, or TO pass
telephone pole; or he may have night
mares il! his sleep, IN which the scenes OF
way repeat themselves. These symptoms
convince US thai the fundamental difficulty
is OF an emotional nature and is utterly
beyond the will or The control Of the suf-
ferer
"That IS TO say, the causes OF his emo
tonal disturbance are deeper than his
everyday memory. Experiences in his past
which may be entirely forgotten to his
thinking mind are ct work. In the treat
ment 81 such cases II is necessary to lear!,
why it is that q certain part Of the body is
without feeling, or why limb cannot be
moved, o. Why man hitherto brave sud
denly euakes with Fear ct the slightest
sound or is sleepless because OF frightful
dreams depicting the scenes 81 battle
when il. actual fighting such patient would
be entirely Without fear!
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29

"Tho causes Of such disorders cs,..
phycical; they are certain TO be 80,
cal. Hence the Treatment must 81 -.
logical. We must explore the ps;,s M.'a.
sufferer and discover those 'fo-rossr.,
tons which make him miserable ~
his Disturbances. Since the who'll S'
Of the trouble lies primarily in tb., ". s'.s
the mind which we have learned - s,a'
unconscious the treatment Is di,... s
this unconscious background Of "a ~
This can be accomplished b. Inc s ~ssa
miliar practice Of psycho-an analysis l. s =.
words, psycho-anaiysis IS the ansxs, ;. :. '' =
new modern problem. q
AS TO the OUTLOOK for RECTOR
employment Of ho-ar.alys.s. the o, -
is variable but favorable On TIE r,,s,. '. =
successful application o. the re,sS. .
ponds upon the severity O. the d;s.n-s.
bat even more upon the patients ys,,
ness to surrender the secret wo,r;.. =
have been naggiag him. His coust;,r.'
makeup likewise figures IN the y.o.~
IN some patients The cure cce.rs
taneousiy; the synlptoms d:.apO.,, =.
kind Of 'oal'ing Off In o.aer lnstan,.. :.
disease may be long-draVa ct. u.
this, however, that Gases O. sbAn =
strongly resemble the ordi.a~z c.,..
shock We have to deal Nth in civil, r..
And re know that the sane .rea.,.., !.
psycho-analysis, which applies 50 sr...
fully TO the Disturbances OF civil H. =.
least equally effective as applied to =. :
turbances caused BY var"
The one word vhica !. IS useful IL "a.
Dr.. Coriat's comment 3 this. The, :.
be, undoubtedly, cases OF Shell Shock :, !.
turning soldiers which viii not come :. !,
notice o. any machinery OF .he cosrn.;
organized for tie care o. our soldiers ~
3 sufferer from the disease will csoos.
shoulder his discomfort sd take m de-.
mined steps toward its relief. To his .,
IL would te OF public service y q knor,od
Of the nature Of psyche analysis we're MA
widely spread. Unfortunately while 4
treatment Is simple il principle, It recuj,
for its explanation greater space than
newspaper can AFFORD. It happens, hovsv,
that several practitioners have taken j
pains 10 describe their method in t.-,
comprehensive 10 any reader. Dr. Cor,
who has so kindly supplied the informant,
for this paper, has himself prepared q,
typical treatise, WHAT Is Psycho.AnslyS,'
A careful reading Of sucn literature a, ii
time would he, on This account, soms.hj.
more than source o. individual profit
the reader; it might be a probable ssr,
to the community. We are Planning sg,.
kindly attention to the soldier who is p,r,
ically disabled. The soldier vino is nsl.l
~ injured is as much or more crli;sd !
notice. And in one respect he IS lie lies
promising object for such care. otAs, ne
may have lost leg Or az eye, but he 1.
lest only his balance. 3.g.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29
The Courage of America

or SO steady in standing, nor have they
to al appearances the same respect Tor
rank and authority; in other words. they
lack discipline. This IS q judgment which
/ have often heard passed upon the A,neri-
c-n soldier; it IS ! criticism which ny
SELF have made in the past With wider o,s-
perience and FULLER understanding 81 the
American soldier 7 think now that It is
hardly Just. Discipline, alter al, is not an
absolute quality; 1t diffcts IN various cou.,-
tries and doubtless The German mlitarist
considers our soldiers ;ll-discirlined. Dis
cp!lMe Is only means to the end Of mill
tary efficiency, and each nation develops it
after The manner OF its own uaticna! char
acter. II. as ~e say, discipline is essential
20 military success, the actual record Of the
american army at the front proves il pos
eesseG o. this quality in the Form best
suited to its own genius.
Naturally in l country which makes :.
fetish OF independence the system, il differ
ent from that CT one where authority IS
much respected and service u high ideal.
American discipline IS more elastic than
ours in the circumstances OF everyday sol
dlering. but, unlike elastic, It contracts IN
dor strain. 1t is founded no- 80 much or
respect for authority as on q sense OF re-
sponsibilits' which the feeling OF equality
ansenders. 81 the three great Allied ma
tions, there is most liberty in Britain.
most equality in America and most frater
nifty in France. The American equality.
however, produces not anarchy but coop-
GRAFTON; and discipline, as Mil said, is The
perfection OF cooperation. Tie Americans
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29

ginning that he speaks from experience,
as he has had 'the good fortune to spend
nine months in an American cantonment
in closest touch with officers and men OF
two divisions" He has also crossed the
Atlantic i'll 4 convoy Of American troops
and fought beside them in Flanders. Al
ter this intimate association he says Of
the American soldier:
Englishmen have grown accustomed to
foreign soldiers now-rrench, Belgian,
Italian and the rest-and they do no. seem
so strange as once they did. But all these
approximate to she European military
model, with which our own army has much
in common. Our Colonial soldiers TOO,
though different, are SO rather IN degree
than IN kind, for they have been schooied
BY Instructors formed in the mould OF the
British army. The Americans, Oh the other
hand, despite certain aimilarities 10 our
own men, are something entirely new, and
necd explanation.
On the face o. things the mos, obvious
difference between them and ourselves is in
tbs outward and visible evidences Of disci-
p.lno. 70 the casual observer the Ameri-
cans I am speaking Of the average in both
armies arc not so we'll turned out as our
men. they arc 10, 50 smart in movement
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29

Of those who went forth to var we're id
greater than those Of the rest OF Us va3
stayed at home. Yours vas the suprsa3
offering, the extreme hazard. You ii
not go for pay-neit.ac~ asking it r.
getting it. After forfeiting position a.
salary-it may have been. health ais
and it might have been life-yoa tslu'
to pay interest to those who have horna
the Ilone-staying share Of The war bud
den. We took the easier part-and Cd
interest. You tool. tire harder par. 81
nor have TO pay interest 10 Us. 4
war debt means future taxea-s uilE
year, $40 family. The war busdss
that YOU have borne leave you maa
another burden still TO be borae. ID
must help pay back what was spaa
TO send you into the dangerous c'a
pulsion Of your task. We stay-at.honsa
however, did not give our money as u
gaze your gift; we invested. For ai
sacrifices we receive the soiace and II
offset OF bonds. The final seCtlezsn. \
such o. the war costs as money Gov
express and government revenues ccu
cover are still TO be made good throu.:
collections by the tax gatAeser and psi
Inents 20 the bondEolder. Bonds sF1
mortgages on the future product'1
powers Of the nation. Your part in III
great adventure received 10 recognize
or Offset in bonds-2ave you the rigf
rot TO be paid to, but to pay. Only 70
ssay-at-home part carries with il u
right to be paid. You owe On account 4
what you DID. We are creditors Of yOas|
By what we did.
But Why not let it 90. Complains
will not help. II is done; let It, tssl
60 at that. But it IS rot done Ts
it IS not-tlat 1t is yet to be dOne~
precisely The basis Of my protest. .
trying to explain to you what v's5
mean, and where they come from, 50
what influences bear Oh them. 1t IS t's'
& part OF my business to tell you u
wages must be so Iar less for YOU
Che future, IS you have 10 be taxed n
pay off the burdens OF a war in whSa|
you have already been chief among :
burden bearers. You arc to assume d.
dens by taking off the shoulders Of tf'''
who bore least the little burden rha7 *
bore. Before any Of that total Of pF01
uct that ! have been telling yoa a0Os
can be distributed TO you IS wages u
bondhoiders viii first have su0tfac'.
their toll Of interest. True, it IS on
$40 per family; but it IS still $40 o.
justice-eVery penny OF i ore more
ample OF our American habit Of put'a
property ard investment above labor
life. II IS 70 be part Of your future o'
and privilege to see this changed.
Each and all os sou, then, are sSs
70 return to your respective parts N
great process OF making better nat.'.,
lining, TO the end OF worthier nsESS
life. Find, therefore, your OWN. g0'a 1
avoiding all methods Of parasitisH'' F|
dation, fraud, extoStion and oppgessl'a
individual devices for gain, thr0"
limiting and disturbing tte -o2Tcss
general gain.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29

FINE tribute is paid to the
American soldier by III. w. y"
writing in "The SPECTATOR" Of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29

4 Os1 Of the men returning from
wi camps and the trenches will
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-29

IT \ THE early days OF the war. long be-
lore this country got into it, we began
IL TO hear OF strange malady known as
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-05-23
w. S. C. Regents Here

A. D. Dunn of Wapata, w. A. Ritz Of
Walla Walla and Bert Pease Of Yak
ina, Washington, all members of the
board of regents of Washington State
College at Pullman, drove to Moscow
yesterday evening and spent an hour
inspecting the fine herd of go head of
pure bred cattle on the farm of the
agricultural collage. Dean Iddings
showed the visitors the stock and re-
ceived many fattering compliments on
the splendid herd and the fine indi-
viduals. The new white Shorthorn
calf which is to head the college
herd attracted much attention and ia
vorable comment. DR.. Dunn is one
of the leading breeders of Shorthorn
cattle in the northwest
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-05-23

Glass Song. .............. Eighth A
Swing Song. .Lohr
Girls Chorus
CIdSS song. Ninth b
(a) "Juanita" Spanish Folk Song
(b) when the Flag Goes By.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-05-23

week fishing. Later in the season
they will spend a couple Of months at
the lakes. They drove through in their
car.
Yes, indeed, Mr.. Hoover, we have
three meals at our house each day,
oatmeal, cornmeal, and rye meal
Dean A. Barton is substituting for
George Hammond on rural route No.
while George is on his annual vaca-
ton.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-05-23
CLASS OF SEVENTY
GRADUATED TODAY
THE EIGHTH A AND NINTH B
CLASSES OF MOSCOW SCHOOLS
FINISH THE YEAR

The graduating exercises of the
grade schools of Moscow were held in
the high school auditorium this aft
ernoon. beginning at 2:30, and were
largely attended. About 70 boys and
girls have finished the work and leave
the grade for the high school, The
diplomas were presented by Prof.
Rich, city superintendent of schools
and principal of the high school, who
spoke at length to the students, CIV
ing them some excellent advice and
urging them to continue their work
through the high school.
The list of those receiving diplomas
can not be given now. The papers
will have to be graded by the county
committee and the winners will be an
nounced later. The Eighth A and
Ninth B classes were graduated. The
former is the grade school class and
the latter is really a high-school class
which left the grade schools in jan
uary and entered the high school but
had never received their diplomas.
Following is the program:
"The Hiring Fair" from The Chimes
of Normandy. =. Robert Planquette
Mixed Chorus
Violin Solo, (a) lie Reeve dim Auge"
.Benoni Lagye
(b) "Opus". 49,. .Chas. Dancla
Esther Hare
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-05-23
E&2<!2I3

Weather: Tonight and Friday, fair;
cooler tonight. Probably frost in the
morning.
In the report of the fire at the Cos
sett home north of town in Wednes-
days paper it was stated that child
rem playing with matches had set
the fire. 1t is now believed to have
started from a defective flue.
County Club Leader C. B. Wilson
has received quantity of sugar beet
seed from the U. S. D. A. which will
be distributed free to members of the
garden clubs of the county. The plan
is to have the boys and girls grow
a few rows of beets and in the fall
they will be used to make a syrup
by very simple process.
Mrs. Bantin and daughters Caro-
Ign and Mildred, arrived from Long
Beach, Calf, and are visiting at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. Axtell.
Mrs. C. A. Tufft was a Moscow
visitor yesterday.
Don't forget Marguerite Clark in
f'Mia, George Washington" at the
Orpheum tonight only.
Following our past policy of think
ing that no picture is too good for our
patrons, we have secured "The Kaiser,
The Beast of Berlin" the biggest
picture of the year and at big ex-
pense to ourselves. New York City
went mad with enthusiasm when they
saw "The Kaiser" and the Motion
Picture News says: "a picture to
make the blood boil-every American
Exhibitor should book it.-Never yet |
has document been written, not |
even President Wilson's forceful ad-
dress to congress in which he de-
clared war on Germany, thereby STIR
ring the whole world, that will drive
home this fact more convincingly-
Grips like wise from beginning to
end.-Arouses a desire to make you
head for the trenches.-The Picture
is Masterpiece" Don't confuse this
with the cheaper pictures as it is a
wonderful production.-A moving
picture stupendous. Orpheum, Fri
day and Saturday. Try to get it.
Mr.. and Mrs. G.. A. Bostic and Mr.. t
and Mrs. A. A. Warner, of Pullman, t
over to Moscow yesterday I
evening and spent several hours with g
Mr.. and Mrs. E. A. Pearce.
Mrs. Verona Drew of Spokane, who t
recently purchased the stock of the d
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-05-23
Albert Root Arrested Again

Albert Root, who got into trouble
last Saturday night and was arrested
for being drunk and disorderly, was
again arrested on state charge of
having Intoxicating liquor. The case
was taken before Judge Adrian Mel
son, of the probate court, and Root
was held in cash bonds of $3.50 for
arraignment. He had paid fine of
SIS in police court for being drunk
and disorderly Saturday night.
The daily star-mirror. (Moscow, Idaho) 1911-1939, 1918-05-23
Young Boy Called Home

Harold Joseph Peterson, son of Mr.
and Mrs. Victor Peterson, died at the
home Of his parents, S45 East Seventh
street last night, of appendicitis, aged
IL years, five months and nine days.
The funeral will be held from the
Swedish Lutheran church at o'clock
Saturday, May %. The Rev Mr. Os-
lund will conduct the services. Inter-
ment will be in the Moscow cemetery.