davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-11-09

Demand Also HohenzoIIern
Heir Henounce Claim to
: German Throne.
SEND MAX YTIMATUM

By the Associated Press.
BASEL. Switzerland, November s.
The abdication Of Emperor William
and the renunciation of the throne by
Crown Prince Frederick William, be-
fore noon today. were demanded in an
ultimatum sent by the managing COM
mittee of the German socialist party at
o'clock yesterday afternoon to Prince
Macmillan of Baden, the imperial
chancellor. according to the Core
spondence Socialist. the official organ
of the socialist party of Germany.
Decisions Stated.
The managing committee of the So
cialist party considered the entire
political situation. and its decisions
were embodied in the ultimatum which
j Philip Scheidemann, socialist member
of the German cabinet without port
folio, sent to Chancellor Macmillan.
These decisions were:
F'irst-The right Of public assembly.
Second-The military and police
must be ordered to exercise great re-
serve.
Third-The immediate TRANSFORMED
ton of the Prussian government in
conformity with the views of the ma
jority i'll the reichstag.
Fourth-Greater socialist influence
in the reichStag.
Fifth-Thc abdication of Emperor
William and the remuneration of the
throne By the crown prince.
The immortal chancellor ask ofI
TO reply. before noon today, accepting
the conditions. Otherwise the social
lists declared they would withdraw
from the government.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-11-09


LUTKUs, Alexander. Cleveland. Ohis:
McELHANEY. Harry L., Conneaut, on
McGILLIS, Fred, Malto. Mont.
MACK, Harry, San Francisco, ca.
MADDEN. Arthur, Brooklyn. N. z.
MALONEY, James l.. jr., New YoEa; n Nj; =:
MANCINI. Robert. Province d Cnsid' AtaAs'
MARCHOM. Orville W., Carlyle. IL
MASKERY, Lewis G.. Spokane. Wash.
MATYA. Andrew, Tarnov. Neb.
MERRILL, Charles H., Hebron. No.
MITERKO, Michael. 'Ramey, Pa.
MORGAN. Henry e.. st. Joseph. Ma
NORRIS n = 5I Willie =. E M,,is T e
METER, william L., Sanger, Cal
NICHOLS, William A, Quarryville, Pa.
MINK, Philip. Hoboken, N. ].
O'CONNELI. Charles. Cortland. N. Z.
OGLD, Charles W., Houston. Te1.
OGLETHORPE, Glenn. Cleveland. ohss.
PANA GO Nichols vi Mesd; o
REGRUTO, Antonio, New York, N. 7.
REF, Karl E., Barres Mill, Ohio.
ROETTGER, Christ, st. Lonis. Mo.
ROTMANS. Bernard E., Rochester. N. 4.
SAGER, Bruce L., Barnesboro. p.
sALATA, Angelo. CamiEus: n 7.
sHATTO, William F., st. Joseph. Mo.
SMITH, Clarence W.. Weir. Kan.
SPEER, Abner T., Atlanta. Ga.
STALLING, Ray, Altus, Okla.
STEINEKE. Edward. Fergus Falls. MINI.
STEINMAN, Earl c.. Dayton, Ohio;
sTELLGES, William D.. Trenton. Neb.
TAYLOR, William F., Boalsburg, Pa.
Upton, Louis D., Lewiston. Idaho.
WALKER. Henry F., Cleveland, Ohio.
WALSH, Joseph j., Detroit, Mich.
WEST, Carroll B.. Milton Junction, Wis.
JESTER. Frank J., McKeesport. Pa.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04
TRAVELETTE


-r---.-rr-r ..--- .-s-- O.
n -7----- 1870. ---- =
- 49,. d -" d me- 7
-.----- -,----..1l y o.-- ~ ----
----.-. -. -
DOT -alll ports ID america. me country
rhcreab0uts was laid Off In great es-
-s+es each --7-b its ,7lre-,.r -,s-e-,D
--- 7-i-~ -l----- -i-H -----1pf e4- tAH
narrow. cob1led streets of the little
Virginia town were crowded with the
.-,---- ,.,
-- ia ----= g o- -0-0l4-'-- az VS.
lpcracy-
This virginia country across the
5--,- r--- 7r----.s---..
% -
Ea-ner COW n-a--l1e-leel and Eone-
to-brush farming reEion with Just a
-4f--f-,r ,-----.,+ 7-.-. and +,,--, 81 cha
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04
HOROSCOPE


A sIROLOGf reads this as one Of
Athe most fortunate Of days. Mars.
Neptune, Venus, the sun. Jupiter and
Neptune are all in benefic aspect.
During this configuration It is we'll
TO push all enterprises. both business
and social.
The planetary influences are be-
iieved 20 be stimulating 10 effort and
to insure the best possible results.
There is a most suspicious sign
for the army which should make big
gains under this sway.
On the sea, also, American forces
should be successful Shipping comes
under a sway making for great in
crease in tonnage.
All the Indications are that the
law Of extremes, which apparently
has ruled in the preparations for
war made by the United States. VIII
now bring about results to offset all
Love affairs are wen directed to-
day and it should be propitious FOR
weddings Notwithstanding the old
superstition about Friday.
jupiter gives lair promise 20 mer-
chants and bankers who viii profit
through enterprises that have in
them the element Of unselfishness.
1t must be understood. the seers
declare, that all prophecies OF finan-
cIal success depend largely upon
caution and wisdom at this time,
when speculation and risks are under
a sinister sway.
Earthquakes again are predicted
for the west and for Canada.
Sumner resorts in certain parts
Of the country viii be profitable, es-
pecially in August. when there viii be
a long hot spell
Persons whose birthdate IL Is will
have a successful year and increase
in business. They should avoid new
enterprises.
Children born on this day viii be
steady, reliable and perseveriug.
These subjects Of Cancer usually are
kind and Copyright,
1918. by the Mcclure Newspaper
Syndicate.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04
Little InLrUieUS
Should Guard Against Cheap Labor Population After War
Nationality Cuts No Figure u S. Will Help To Find Jobs

% BELIEVE some provision should
4 De made for the return OF Next
can labor after the war" said J. B.
Gwin- 'WhIle We are bringing in
many OF them for labor now. we
should guard against a large cheap
labor population after the war. So
Tar, the MeXicans are not crossing in
very large numbers, but I expect that
after they learn on the other side that
the head tax and literacy test are
waived. much larger numbers viii
cross. So far. the demand is greater
than the supply and many contractors
nave been unable to secure as many
men as they desired.
II makes no difference il a man is
German, Mexican or any other ma
uOnality. we are ready at the govern
ment employment bureau 10 secure
work for him. said Henry n. Walker.
ANY law abiding resident may come
here and apply for work and If il is
secured, there viii be no charge. It
should be understood, too. that our
function is not only TO secure help for
the government. but that we fiji
needs OF private employers. so that an
applicant for work need not fear that
he viii be forced into government
work"
There IS no perceptible influence
exerted upon the sale Of tobacco by
the weather said j. ~ Searles. "In
warm weather and hot in wet
weather and dry. the sale Of tobacco
and cigarettes remains about the
same. The reason I suppose, is that
no matter what the weather IS like
the habltual smoker viii use his hab-
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04

itual amount OF tobacco. But there is
one exception TO this rule Cigars are
more I'm demand in winter than in
summer. and when warm weather
arrives, there is a perceptible de-
crease in the sale or cigars 7 sup
pose that good many men let up on
cigars in the hot weather. and take
10 a lighter form Of smoking
Travel Is just about as heavy as
ever" said H D. McGregor. High
rates. and the many demands OF the
travel fever which afflicts Fl Paso
people at this time Of the year. There
Is some difference as TO destination,
however. Cloudcroft is getting more
traffic this season than il ever has
before, and tourists are visiting re-
sorts nearer home But increased
rates hasn't killed the passenger
business by considerable"
"Vags have got to 60" said Capt
W A. Simpson. I'VE have g1t a
pretty good line on those men who
are actually engaged in a useful occu-
patton, and every man in El Paso
who isn't is going to hear from us.
We've apprehended a number Of the
loaferE and buns Of the city al
ready. and more are coming II they
don't get work voluntarily. well give
thsm Job making little rocks out Of
big ones
Working men OF FL Paso are often
fooled by the socalled high wages
paid elsewhere" said Russell Rokahr.
For instance, more than 20 shoemak-
ers have left here for an army camp
on s. a day pay, which seemed a lot
TO most OF them. When they found
that IL cost about $3.50 a day to live
in the place. they wanted 10 come
back at once. I understand that in
spite OF the reported high wages paid
in shipyards on the Pacific coast
there are many men unemployed and
that living conditions are compare
lively higher than here"
Users OF safety raZors should lay
IN a supply Of razor blades or get
prepared to patronize the barber. "
said Scott White. 1t is only a mat
ter Of a short time when safety razor
blades are going TO be a thing OF the
past The government is buying these
blades In great quantities and the
supply is rapidly diminishing. Those
wholesalers who have a few OF the
blades on hand report that there are
no more 10 be had from the manufac-
turers and IL viii probably be a long
time before any more are available
for the civilian
1T is regrettable that the business
men OF this city have not taken more
interest in the coming convention OF
the admen at San Francisco" said "
p. CarlOck- This convention is TO be
one OF the most important events this
summer, and there VIII be a lot OF in-
teresting and instructive work done
there Representatives from all lines
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04

INCLl MlELlLL LDNEEAEtS, me
- rabbit gentleman. was out walk
ing up and down in front Of his hoI-
low stump bungalow one day, when
under a prickly thorn hedge he heard
a voice saying;
II wish we had something. that
really would shoot-ike a torpedo"
so do I,' said a second voice. ITS
an right enough TO have July crack
ers. that are sugar coated and that
break with a snap like a fire cracker
But we boys ought to have something
that would really shoot
Uncle Wisgily peeked over the
hedge and there he saw Johnnie and
Billie BushytaH. the squirrel bro
Tiers They were mixing some black
sand up in clam shells. and they had
an old piece OF rainWarer pipe fas-
tened on two old baby carriage
wheels.
What in the world are YOU doing.
boys asked the bunny uncle. max
ing his pink nose twinkle so fast that
u looked Ike the red lamp on the
back OF an automobile.
we are going 20 make a cannon, %
spoke Billie.
zone that shoots" added Johnnie.
"Aud this IS our black powder. o.
went on Billie. as he frisked his tail
around Ike a busting brush on TOP
Of the piano.
Really" asked Uncle Wiggily.
no. not really Wder-onlE make
believe said Johnnie. But we put
IT in the rain water pipe cannon. and
then we throw fl out and IL makes a
cloud Of dust and we holler Bang,
Sang. as loud as anything. and We
pretend its Fourth Of July cam
nom
Well as long as il is only make
believe 10 is all right said the bunny.
But you mustn't play with real pow
der That's the old-faEhicned kind
or Fourth OF July We don't do that
any more, because so many children
used 20 get burned Now we have
picnics. and ice cream cones
But ] wish we had something that
would really shoot like O real torpedo.
and make hang-baug noise all br
jtself,' said Billie with q sigh.
so do IT, added Johnnie Il don't
spcse We can, though can we, Uncle
The rabbit gentleman didn't say
amy thing for a few seconds. lie
looked at the black pile Of sand
which was the make-believe powder.
and ne looked az the raiu-Warcr pipe
cannon on the baby carriage wheels
and then Uncle WiEgilv said
You wait here for me. boysr'
Into his hollow stump bungalow he
hurried. and you may be sure that
Billie and Johnnie. the two squirrel
boys, waited most auxiously for him
20 come ont.
Il wonder what he's going TO doe~
spoke Billie.
II don't know, but I hone he'll
make us a July torpedo that really
shoots bang-hang.' said the other
squirrel boy.
Out came Uncle WiEgilv with some
round white things I'm his paws.
-Qh. he's got popcorn balls" said
Billie
We'll they're better than cannon
balls TO eat' said Johnnie with
laugh.
But they don't make any noise
went on his brother.
The corn made a noise when 90
popped spoke Johnnie
But &c wasn't popcorn balls at all
that Uncle WISELY had. It was a Tot
OF bloWn-up paper bags. filled with
wind.
What are you going to do with
them asked Billie
Make July torpedoes for you" an
sWered the bunny
can YOU asked Johnnie
watch and see,' laughed the
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04
Bedtime Story For The Little Ones
UNCLE WIGGILY AND THE JULY TORPEDO.
By HOWARD X GAHIs.--------.

bunny. as he pinkled his twink noses
as a sort OF change from tWinkling
his pink one.
Then Uncle WiggilT put one OF the
5loWn-up paper bags 1ull Of Trlnd, IN
side the rain water pipe cannon on
the baby carriage wheels Then he
put some OF the black sand rnaze-1e-
Ieve powder in the cannon. Then he
took a Ions breath and blew through
the back open end OF the pipe
With a puff like smoke. ont feW
the sand ont few the paper bag.
and when ir came down on the ground
hard because Uncle Wiggily had put
some stone in IT'D, why, the bag burst
with a LIQUIDS
Bang Bung. BinE
"How's that for a July torpedo can
non ballT' asked the bunny.
"Fine," cried Billie and Johnnie.
Then they shot of a lot more blown
up paper bags and they had all thu
noise they wanted and lots Of fun
with the new rorpedoes the bunny
gentleman made.
So. IL the crust OF bread doesn't
Try 90 hide inside the Loaf when the
carving knife comes after il % play
tag. III tell you about Uncle WiEgily
ana the dolls wiE.-fC opyrighr 1918,
By Mcclure Newspaper Syndfc1tel-
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04
PHELPS DODGE co. WILL
RAISE EMPLOYEES WAGES

Bisbec. Ariz-, July Tine increase
Of pa cents in the price OF copper an
uounced by the government viii mean
an increase in the wages paid miners
employed By the Phelps-DOdge cor
poration. in the opinion Of A. T.
Thomson, assistant to thep resident OF
that company, expressed in a news
paper interview here
The Phelps-Dodge company prob
ABLY will put the new wage scale in
effect as OF July ], ar. Thomson said.
Definite announcement as 10 rate Of
pay would be made as soon as details
could be worked out.
While not informed regarding the
attitude OF other copper companies
operating I'm Arizona, Mr. Thomson
expressed the belief that they also
would increase the wages scale under
the circumstances.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04
Free information

Each reader OF The El Paso
Herald is offered the FREE and
unlimited use Of the largest In
formation Bureau in the world.
IL can answer practically any
question you want TO ask, but 70
cannot give advice, nor make ex-
haustive research.
The Fl Paso Herald pays for this
splendid service in order that
every one Of its readers may take
free advantage OF IL. You are well
come to use II as often as YOU like.
Write your request briefly. sign
your name and address plainly. en-
close a three-cent stamp Tor return
postage. and address TIE Ell
PASO HERALD INFORMATION
BUREAU.
Frederic J. Hnskiu, Director,
Washington, ID. c.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04

the mouth Of Little River, which lies
en- the Virginia side Of the island, is
still blocked by the fallen masonry
Of a great causeway over which the
owner OF this baroniaI establishment
used TO drive 10 the mainland.
Analostan island is now almost IN
visited, except by certain gangs OF
river thugs who make ID a render
vous, and By the great horned owls
who nightly intOue a dirge from the
big sycamcres along the river
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04
Uncle Walls Denaiured Poem.
Summer Weather

he days growing hotter although they're hot ply
pretty peting
swimming in
handed
stuffed with who rails
there moseters gerproof
oasa the wholesome beeze blow washed Alaska the
heau And yet when winters ngng its blessings all around when
we should al be singing we raise dsful sound Because some
frosted because peeled the language exhausted bitterly
spelled The days are growing hotter and hotter shn friends;
DOME the arctic my
Copyright George Matthew WALT MASON.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04
NamesHl The News

Landwehr-pronoun lunt-yair-
a German word meaning defence Of
the country is the Hlne given to
that part OF the. organized national
forces Of Germany. OF which service
is only required in time OF var. II
consists OF men who have completed
seven years service with the col0-s
and with the reserve Of the standing
army. and corresponds indirectly 70
the militia o. the United States.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04
MEN RUSHED BY AUTO TO
HELP PUT OUT FOREST FIRE

Phoenix. Ariz-. July "A call for
help has come from the Tonic Basin
forest reserve. 20 assist in putting
down a serious fire that hos started
iu the tall pines OF the North Peak
OF the MaEatZal range. near the head
Of Deadman creek, in a region remote
and hard 10 reach. Fire fighters have
been gathered I'd hastily and dis
patched on autos by way Of Roose-
welt and the farther side z the range
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04

THE tin peddler has come out for
nationwide prohibition, as the more
water the public drinks the more TIN
dippers they viii buy.
Columbus Allsop's wife has Joined
the Ladies' Sewing Circle, but there is
nothing in the constitution and by
laws about patching pants,
=
Yam Sims mule baked with him
while going along the GaHder creek
road enc day this week, which made
him feel like a prominent automo-
bilist far from the maddening gasoline
tank.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04

help. Americans should thr with The CONSCIOUSNESS Of
what have DONE but Of what It is reserved for
to do. We standing upon the threshold Of
greatest usefulness With Gods help and the courage and
strength Of mighty, devoted people, shall crush the
armed forces Of evil that have been turned loose upon
the world.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04

Of business from all over the world
viii attend. IL is not a pleasure az
fair. but is a convention held I'm the
interest Of better business methods
during these war times. and the re-
suits OF the conferences OF the presi-
dents viii be Of national Importance
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04

NOTHIN makes you hate tn kaiser
like stoOpin' over and plantin'
row O. radishes. ''Why girls leave
home" used T. be tn question, but
Why girls leave good jobs is what we
can't git thro' our head
Copyright 1918. international News Service
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04

THE young lady across the way says
/ she saw in the paper recently that
the Germans we're astride the Marne
and she supposes if it were in this
country we'd call it a mere creek.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04

1t viii be noticed that kaiser Bill not gone to the
front submarine the air front in an airplane
Perhaps he shows discretion, but what's the matter with
his press agent? Karl Rosner hasn't put over good lie
Tor two weeks.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04

Noting the fine progress the war department IS now
making in sending troops across one cannot repress the
wish that secretary Baker had gone France with the
first contingent Of troops under Gen Pershing and thus
had received his inspiration earlier.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-07-04

Now that upward Of 200 nurses doctors and sailors Of
Canadian hospital ship have been murdered the com
ander Of the submarine should hasten to notify
William so that the kaiser the more quickly receive
the congratulations Of the German deity Gott Won Wilhelm
uud Deutschland
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-09-28
SUICIDE FOLLOWS
DEATH Of WIFE

HAGERSTOWN, Sept. 28.-John Oh
NIT. 55 years old, committed suicide
here last night about 10 o'clock by
shooting himself in the head while
sitting on the IRE escape OF the Tele-
phone exchange building, where his
daughter, Mrs Claude Guifford lives.
Ohmit, it is said, has been respondent
since the death Of his wife which oc-
cured eight weeks ago, and this de-
spondency ID given as the cause for
his action.
Several girls working in the tele-
phone Office saw Chmit fire the shot
and Mr.. and Mrs. Gui6ord who had
just returned from . reception. rushed
to the scene after hearing the shot.
He Is survived by his daughter. Mrs.
Guiford. and a son, Vern Ohmit OF
this place. and brother, Frank Ohmit,
Of Cambridge City. The funeral SER
vices will be held Sunday afternoon
in an undertaker's parlors In Cam
bridge City where Ohmit has lived for
many years. He has lived here only
q few months.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-09-28
YANKEES WONDERFUL
SAYS LEON DAUDET
(By Associated Pressl

PARIS, Sept. 28.-Leon Daudet, son
Of Alphonse Daudet and editor OF the
Action Franchise, recently visited
some scenes of American activity be-
hind the lines and his enthusiasm is
unbounded
What cordial frankness they show"
he writes Of the American soldiers,
ITO the Inhabitants they offer their
bread, preserves and cigarettes with a
charming gesture which seems to say
Are we not brothers," They are full
Of politeness to everywoman, no mat
ter what her age, and Of kindness to
every child.
I'm station, in middle Of the night,
I saw some poor little kiddies, the
family OF refugees. sleeping on the
floor. Two American officers passed.
They stopped. looked, shook their
heads, then without a word, threw
over the youngsters their overcoats
which they were carrying on their
arms. They themselves sat down near
by and waited for two hours in the
cold air of the dawn
"A French aviator, instructor at a
flying school for Americans said to
me, They are remarkable pupils, their
docility and modesty are wonderful.
They learn rapidly and retain every
thing. and their gratitude to their
teachers is extreme. They burn to
avenge the devastation of France"
After speaking of the American Red
Cross hospital trains with the greatest
admiration, Daudet concludes:
ITO the French, to the English, still
full of valor, but exhausted by four
years OF terrible war, the Americans
are bringing their fresh blood. The
older fighters, seeing this glorious aid
arrive, understanding it's valor and
vigor, have felt their forces revive.
Hope, the certainty of victory, have
bounded in single leap to the mar
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-09-28
Officers Named for
Greensboro Red Cross

GREENSBORO. Sept. ga meet
ing OF the Clay township Red Cross
was held last Wednesday afternoon.
The house was called to order by the
chairman following which letter was
read from the secretary Of the Wayne
county cha pier Red Cross. The trea-
sury report was read and approved
as follows: Membership. $96.00; sale
dinners, $18334; contributions and
donations, 5000: total $3o9.37; re-
mitted to the county chapter. $4,000;
cost of sales, $30.52; expense of equip
ment Of surgical dressings. 1888; cost
of comfort kits and yarns, $57.52: re-
pairing machines, $3.50; posta &c.
drayage and telephone, 1885. Total.
$2.19. Balance in treasury STILLS.
Report OF the chairman of the hos
pital garments and knitting: Com.
fort kits, IL; bed shirts, 1858; day
shirts, 2; Pc jamas, 129 pairs, socks.
104 pairs; sweaters, IS; helmets, "a.
The following officers were re-
elected Chairman. Mrs. Ora Wise;
vice chairman, Mrs. Harry Pagan;
treasurer. Mrs. Theodosia Deater.
Miss Jessie Hastings was elected Sec
rotary to take the place Of Miss Louise
Neff, who resigned. Mrs. Boyd Bond
was elected assistant secretary. After
further discussion Of the work done
the meeting adjourned to meet Octo-
Der 2 in the Red Cross rooms.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1918-09-28
Masonic Calendar

Tuesday, Oct. 1st-Richmond Lodge
No. 1876 F. & A. NJ. Stated meeting.
Wednesday, Oct webb Lodge
No. "a F. & A. NJ. Called meeting.
Work in Master Mason degree Seven
o'clock.
Thursday. Oct 3-Wayue Council
No. 10 r. & S. NJ. Stated assembly.
Friday. Oct king Solomon's
chapter No. B. A. NJ. Called meet
ing. Work Royal Arch degree
Saturday. Oct. 5-Loyal Chapter
No. ~ o. e. S. Stated meeting. Ini-
tiating of candidates.