davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06

dicial opinion is not applicable to this
case for the reason that a probate
judge is not being prosecuted for NAL
feasance or misfeasance resulting from
an abuse Of his discretion in passing
upon the truth Of the allegations of
an affidavit presented, hence that DO
sition can not be successfully main
tanned, by him >, this action. Hsv-
ing reached :! Ase conclusions.
1T is order ID, directed and de-
creed, That the order of the probate
judge refusing to issue the permit to
petitioner herein be reversed ard that
the prayer OF the petitioner herein
be granted and the probate Judge !,
hereby ordered forthwith to issue to
the petitioner the permit requested:
and
1T is further ordered, That the no.
titioner have Judgment against the
respondent for the costs and disburse-
ments i'm this action"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
WAR ON ILIITERACY.
South Carolina Should Make Greater
Efforts Now Than Ever Before to
Danish Ignorance.

Spartanburg, April 2.--Eight years
ago. as you know, Louisiana was the
only State having a larger percentage
of illiterarcy than South Carolina. Lou
isiana has worked hard since then,
and when the next census is taken
South Carolina is likely to be at the
bottom Of the list.
1t is more important than ever fol
South Carolina to educate her masses
OF illiterates. Yet Of the more thar
fifty thousand white illiterates in
State. only 5000 were taught to read
in last two years, and this year there
Is a decided decline in the night
school work. When we .heaS that
Kentucky taught forty thousand men
and women to read and write in two
years we realize how far short we
have fallen.
Our illiterate men are being drafted
by the thousands and valuable time is
taken from drilling and preparing for
n war which is to save civilization and
Christianity, to teach these men to
read and write. ~
We were told that food would win
war. The Germans now have Ukrania,
the richest wheat lands in the world.
There are no wheat lands for us to
conquer, there is no way for us to add
to our food supply except for the
farmers to produce more food on the
land we own. Because of the high
price of cotton, many farmers are not
planting enough food to supply their
own families. A lack of food will
make us lose the war. Germany has
sworn to make America pay the cost
of the war. Therefore the farmer
must realize that he is not only help
ing the enemy but may lose his entire
farm by taxation if the Germans win.
In rural schools especially. govern
ment bulletins should be used as
~N-NS DOOho' "hu tilC IuOIS SQuCdlcQ
should have clubs where they meet
once a week to discuss topics of the
day, In magazines such as the Liter
ary Digest or Current History maga-
zines.
Russia's fall was caused by German
propaganda among the ignorant class
es. There is a fertile field for Ger
man propaganda in our State, and as
you know it is going on all about us:
The State appropriated ten thou
sand dollars for night schools this
year. If this is not enough, ask your
legislature to vote ar additional tax,
this failing, as a last resort, ask your
teachers in the nainc Of patriotism to
give their time and strength.
A great effort must be made to mob
ilize our illiterates and near illiterates
irto the night schools where they will
be taught not only reading and writing
but farming industry and patriotism
VIII you do your part so that your
county will keep pace with the rest
Yours very truly,
f. Julia Selden.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
GERMANS HIDE WOUNDED.
TRY TO CONCEAL TERRIBLE LOSS
FROM PEOPLE AT HOME.
Victims of Great Drive Sent to Bel
, gium Instead Of to Hospitals i'm
Germany-FTehch Estimate Loss at
100000.

Washington, April IA French Of
fetal estimate of the German losses
ir the great battle on the Western
front puts their total casualties at
between 275,OOO and 100000 men.
The Germans are sending most of
their wounded to Belgium, it is de-
clared, to conceal from the German
people their heavy sacrifices.
1t has been possible to identify. the
dispatch says, nearly 100 German di-
visions. more than ten of which were
twice engaged. Some of the divisions,
IL is declared, had to be relieved at
the end Of the first day after losing
more than half their men.
The dispatch follows:
After an IL day offensive, during
which the Germans have recklessly
pushed forward their attacking waves
one may gather fairly accurate esti-
mate of their losses.
I'm the first place 1t has been pos
sible to identify nearly 100 Of their
divisions since the beginning: of the
offensive. more than 10 Of which were
twice engaged. Some divisions had to
b. relieved at the end Of the first day
having lost more than half Of their
men; such was the case Of the Forty
fifth and the Eighty-eighth. The lat.
ter has been nearly entirely wiped out
Among those that have suffered the
iHost are the Fiftieth, One Hundred
and Twentieth, Twenty eighth and
One Hundred and Seventh divisions
as well as the Second (Prussian
Guard). the Sixteenth. the Twenty
first and Twenty.sixth divisions Of re.
serves.
In the second place. an enormous
number Of corpses were found on the
battle ground and the prisoners. on
being questioned. acknowledged the
heavy losses of their units.
ITO conceal from the German peo-
pie the heavy sacrifices that their Of.
fonsive methods required, the Ger.
mans are sending most of their
wounded to Belgium.
1T is not an exaggeration to esti-
mate the tctal OF their losses at be-
tween 275.0c0 and 100000 men,"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
AMERICAN SUPER CANNON.
Naval Officials Consider Gun With
Range Longer Than Any Known Be.
fore.

Washington, April 1.-Plans for a
super cannon, a great gun of long
range, possibly similar to the one with
which the Germans have been bonn
harding Paris, have been submitted to
Secretary Daniels by naval ordnance
experts after months Of experiments.
1t is understood. however. that the
report includes a statement that the
ordnance officers do not believe the
military value Of such a weapon would
compensate for the time and money
spent in perfecting and developing it,
American ordnance officers have
been interested in the possibilities of
long range guns for the past ten years.
The belief that the game was not
worth the candle" as one officer ex-
pressed it today, prevented rapid
progress, but experiments were not
dropped and since the entrance Of the
United States into the war, allied in
terest has been evidenced in the navy
department.
Reports were heard in some quar-
ters today that a range of 105 miles
was expected of the gun under con-
sideration. Secretary Daniels would
not discuss the matter in any way
but other officials declared that no
definite data was at hand on which to
make any such estimate.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
ITALY EXPECTS ATTACK.
AUSTRIANS MASSING TROOPS ON
BATTLE FRONT.
Huns are l. I'll Supplied With Men,
Guns, Munitions and Food, While
Italians are i'm Desperate Need or
Food and Ammunition.

Washington, April Imminent
danger Of an attack by the Austrians
i'll great force upon the italian lines
was emphasized today at the Italian
embassy. Recently the embassy pub
lished a statement that no less than
forty divisions had been gathered by
the enemy along the battle line and
now information comes that these
troops have received the essentials Of
foods, artillery and munitions FOR
which they have been waiting.
Pecalling incredulity with which
the Italian advance warning OF the
tremendous onslaught of the combin-
ed Austrian and German armies on
the Isonzo last year were received by
the Allies, the Italian military authori-
ties now are said to be earnestly hope
full that attention will be paid to the
danger which again impends.
The War Departments weekly mill
tary review referred today to the
probability that, failing to break
through the combined British, French
and American forces on the west
front the German general staff will di-
rect its efforts at another point and
the Italian military men are confident
that the Italian line in the neighbor-
hood of Lake Garda will be the select
ed point.
The immediate objective Of the Aus
trians is expected to be the city sof
Brescia on the east of the lake and q
near attack may be directed On the
west with t purpose of breaking into
Lombardy. The principal Italian mu-
nitions and army supply factories are
located in Lombardy and Piedmont.
! Great quantities OF supplies have
come to the Austrian army from Rus
sia, according to dispatches to the
embassy. =.
On the other hand the Italians are
said to be in desperate need of food.
It is known that only about one-third
Of the Italian army Of three million
men is being maintained. on the battle
line and the official explanation is .thst
there is no food and not even enough
guns and ammunition for the re-
n.ainder.
The British and French troops sent
| fn oil IN fLA -
advance last fall are still in Northern
Italy and it is said that instead9 u
having them withdrawn to meet tife
pressing need for man power III
France, the Italian general stan d6s
sires to send italian troops to join tho
British, French and Americans In that
quarter, trusting tot he Allies superior
commissariat to feed them. r 4esis
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
DRIVE TURKS BACK.
Advance OF Scventy-three Miles to
Point Between Bagdad and Aleppo
Announced.

London. April british troops
operating on the Euphrates River In
Mesopotam;a continue their pursuit
Of the Turkish forces. An official
statement isued today by the war Of
flee says the British forces have ad-
vanced 73 miles beyond the town of
Anah, to a point about midway be-
tween Bagdad and Aleppo.
The statement reads:
ION the, Euphrates our pursuing
troops have advanced 73 miles be.
yond Anah and have captured a few
more Germans and two 1915 cent?
metre guns"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
DRASTIC PENALTIES PRESCRIB-
ED.
Congress at Last Wakes up to Danger
Of Secret Enemies.

Washington, April 2.-In favorably
reporting the bill to impose drastic
penalties on disloyal acts, the senate
judiciary committee adopted an
amendment prescribing twenty years
Imprisonment and ten thousand dol
lars fine for whoever shall by word
or act support or favor the cause of
the German empire or its Allies i'm the
present war, or oppose the cause OF
the States therein" II approved the
same penalties for Obstructing govern
ment bond issues. recruiting or enlist
mcnt.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
BULGARS NOT IN WEST.
American Consul General at Sofia Sag9
Bulgarian Troops Have Not Been
Sent to France. f'..s.

Washington, April 2.-The latest
report to the State department from
American Consul General Murphy at
Sofia declared that no Bulgarian
troops had been moved to the wes-
tern front for the big offensive. 1t
has been stated that Bulgarians are
fighting in the west alongside the
Germans and Austrians. ;.;t
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
FRENCH PREMIER SHIELDED.
Narrow Escape From Death While
Visiting the Front.

Paris, April 2.-Premier Clemen-
reau, while making his daily visit to
the front yesterday venturcd so near
the first line that his automobile was
shelled vigorously by German artil-
Iery. All tho windows were broken.
but NJ clemenceau returned unhurt.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
PITTSBURGH PLANT WRECKED.
Five Men Killed and Fourteen Injured
I'm Explosion.

Pittsburgh, April 2.--Five men
were Killed and fourteen seriously in
jured by an explosion in the plant of
the Flannery Bolt Company. at
Bridgeville, near here. The cause of
the explosion is still undetermined.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
COMBINE EXPRESS COMPANIES.
Railroad Administration Considering
Plan for New Corporation.
+. Julia Selde

Washington. April 1.-The merging
or all the express companies under a
new corporation to operate them as a
unit and to work out a basis for the
distribution of profits is under consid-
tration and representatives Of the ex-
press companies.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
FIVE BILLION FOR ALLIES.
Uncle Sam Is Putting up Literally for
Friends.

washington, April 2,-Credits to
the Allies during the last wear was
raised today to more than five billions
by loan of two hundred million to
Great Britain.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
PARIS BOMBARDED TODAY.

Germans Started Eighth Long Range
BOmbardmcnt at 10 o'clock.
Paris, April 2.-The eighth long
range bombardment of Paris began at
1910 this morning. when a projectile
exploded in the region of the city.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
AIRPLANES RAID PARIS.

Hun Air Fighters Make Early Morn
ing Attack.
Paris. April Air raid warnings
were sounded a 315 this morning,
but at 4.25 it was announced that all
danger was over.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
STRIKERS RESUME WORK.
Labor Trouble at Norfolk Appears to
Be Over.

Norfolk. April 3.-The indications
today are that the strike Of workmen
on army and navy work here is end
ed, and that work will be resurocd
tomorrow with a full force on hand.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
BATTLE FOR LIFE.
Ar1nenians and GeOrgians Organize
Army to Save Themselves from
Turks

Turks.
Petrograd, Monday, April 1.-Fierce
fighting has broken out in the districts
o. Batoum, Kars and Ardaham in the
Caucasus. The Armenians and Geor-
Gians have formed large army for
the defense Of the territory against
Turks who have begun military occu-
patton of these three districts by vir-
tue of the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty.
The Georgians have seized most OF
Ratoum and taken them out into the
Black Sea.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
TO ELIMINATE COMPETITION.
New Division Created by War Indus.
GKies Board. ysg

Washington. April 2.-The creation
of requirements division, which will
establish priority of delivery in raw
and manufactured war materials, was
announced today by the war industries
board. The division will eliminate
competition among government de-
partments in obtaining supplies.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-06
ADVANCE NEAR DENIUIN.

French and British Take the Initiative
Last Night.
Paris, April 2.-French and British
troops advanced last night be-
tween the Somme and Demunin, it
was announced officially today. Over
most of the front between the Somme
and the Disc rivers the night was rel.
atively calm. Heavy artillery fighting
occurred at some points.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1918-08-30
AMERICAN LIEUTENANT
WINS HIGHEST HONOR
Lieut.. II. W. Caygill Made CheNalier
of Legion OF Honor ior Desperate
Gallantry ON Battlefield.

Because he wiped out machine gun
nest near Virzey. aided by only one
man. and captured TWO German ottl-
GERS and sixteen priyates. Lieut.. Har-
~ W. Caygill was made chevalier Of
the Legion OF Honor at the decoration
ceremony in France Sunday. accord
ing to word received by his parents
of Mount Vernon. y. Y. Monday
Lieut.. Caygill was unable 10 receive
the decoration in person as he IS IN
Paris hospital He had just re-
covered from a wound after 50 days
in hospital when he performed the
exploit for which he was decorated
Passing through that fray unharmed
he was wounded and gassed two days
later.
Lieut.. Caygin. who is % years old
attended the first Plattsburg camp anc
was commissioned a second heuten
ant. He was made a first lieutenant
He was made a first lieutenant fol
gallantry before he was first wound
ed
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1918-08-30

The favorable the allies than u mas
Reports sections Of the long oae o
and from German business the morale Of both
soldiers and civilians captured
in many boys which indicates nai care
being preserve make stand al the Hin
denburg line where be fought
The crossed by the British and
the drive is furious the line at all
points being followed eY-
ervwhere Fierce reargard fought all along the
line These permit dangerous pockets
which have created points
Of March recoF-
cred at greater than the number Of prisoners taken
In capturing ground casualties estimated at
close to half piled heaps and their
wounded loads They reckless IN x
pending their manpower been saving Of his The
poymen tanks by the allies has greatly aided
in keeping the casualties.
Noyon has fallen to the impeled British
troops have taken Bapaume Yanks have taken
Tuvnv More cities villages have been re-
covered since Tuesday Many Of strategic val
ue More prisoners been taken since the allies began
their counter attack than 1000 big have
been quantities Of ammunition nree tram
loads Of shells Thursday shells large
hers charged with gas which the retreang foe
the captured with them The retreat In some sectors
. has been greatly hampered by these shells
reported out Of control Inc au-
vnoes bv the French frequently miles differ
et small which made the Ger
man positions unenab advanced so rapidly but
gains and their captures OF prisoners
The comparatively inactive but are keeping e
American front line French and British The battle
front is now length but the greater aeu
is confined miles extending from near Noyon to as
The man power by the conference com
ee of passed by the house ana ~"
probably passed the senate today It is estimated tha
= million will be registered under it
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1918-08-30
SUNDAY JOY RIDING BARRED.
Fuel Dictator Requests Public OF last
to Forego Use OF Gasoline on sab
bath.

The fuel administration Iuesoa!
called on the public east Of the MIS-
sissippi river 10 stop using gasoline
for passenger automobiles. motor
cycles and motorboats on sundays un-
Ill further notice. Unless voluntary
action on the part OF the public i'm
proves the gasoline situation. notice
is given that the administration will
be obliged TO enforce prohibitory reg
ulations.
The following exceptions 10 the re-
quest are made:
Tractors and motor trucks engaged
in hauling Of freight: physicians au-
tomobiles. ambulances. fire and pOlics
apparatus. public utilities. repair wag
ons. gasoline railway equipment, anC
motor vehicles used by persons livin:
in rural communities without othe,
means OF transportation.
Automobiles for hire. including tax
/ icabs. are included in the class Of mo
tor vehicles that are expected TO oh
] serve the request.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1918-08-30

"The use Of the name victory will be
allowed in all products containing the
above proportions Of substitutes.
Larger Supply Allowed.
The previous rules limiting lie
enses, millers, wholesalers, retailers
and bakers to 80 days supply of flour
will be changed to permit so days
supply.
The rules limiting sales by retail
ers of wheat flour TO an eighth OF a
barrel in cities and a quarter barrel
in sparsely settled districts are re-
scinded.
THE rule limiting the sale Of flour
by millers TO wholesalers or whole
salers to retailers in combination with
substitutes or certificates therefor
and the rule restricting the sale of "a
per cent previous sales are rescinded
Where millers sell directly TO con-
sumers they shall obey the same regu.
lations as retail Dealers
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1918-08-30
DEMAND REGISTRATION
OF ALL ELIGIBLE MEN
General Crowder Takes steps 10 In
sure Enrolment OF Full Aanpower
of Nation in New Draft.

Local authorities in all parts OF the
country have been called 10 cooperate
with the government in enforcing or
der and bringing about a complete
registration Of men within the new
draft ages. on the day hxed as soon
as congress passes the manpower
bill.
Provost Marshal General Crowder
announced Tuesday all federal mar
shals. deputy marshals and inyestlgat-
ing agents. and all police officers OF
states. counties. townships. municipal
iries and Of towns. viii be directed q
hold themselves in readiness TO render
+ whatever assistance may be necessary
+ They will be required TO examine th'
registration lists and report the names
of any. persons liable TO registration
who fail to appear.
American Falls press. [volume] (American Falls, Idaho) 1907-1937, 1918-08-30
ABSENTRES MAY VOTE,
ACCORDING TO IDAHO LAWS
Statutes Pointed Out That Permit
Those Who VIII Be Absent on Flee.
ton Day to Cast Ballots.

Attention has been called to the fact
that residents of Idaho who are regis
tered and contemplate leaving their
precincts prior to September 3, the
date of voting in the primaries, may
not be deprived of their right to vote
if they register and apply TO the coun-
" auditor for a ballot, which they MAJ
vote according TO their desires, leav-
ing or mailing the ballot with the ad-
ditor to be delivered to the proper
polls on election day. to be counted
with the votes cast in that precinct.
This privilege is given Idaho resi-
dents by the general and primary
election laws in chapter y which
reads as follows:
Any qualified elector of the state
OIL Idaho who is absent or expects &c
be absent from the election precinci
in which he resides on the day o
holding any election under any OF th'
laws of this state in which an officia
ballot is required may make appliea
ton to the county auditor, the cit,
clerk or other proper officer charge'
by law with the duty of issuing OF
ticial ballots for such election. on
blank to be furnished by such issuin
officer. for an official ballot or bal
= lots OF the kind or kinds TO be vote
l on at such election. which applieatio
2 shall be made not more than 10 day
t nor less than one day preceding sue
5 election. and shall be duly signed an
I sworn 10 by such elector before an O.
= hcer authorized to administer oaths