davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-21

can be used for very long distances.
One Of its advantages over other meth
DDS of signaling is that it is easily
packed and carried. In war 1t is in
dispensable and during the Boer War
it formed the sole means of communi-
cation between the besieged British
garrison and the relief columns. In
Cuba at the time of the Spanish
American War the Telegraph men
did valiant service in keeping our
troops informed as to the doings OF
the Spanish and during the present
war it has played no little part al
though the telephone and the radio
apparatus have taken away some of
it's glory.
The Acetylene lantern is the stand
ard night signaling apparatus of the
| U. S. Signal Corps. 1t is also portable
and is less affected by rain or fog
than any other light The signals are
| like those of the Telegraph made aft
er the Morse code. War rockets are
of little use in the present war except
to light up certain parts of the battle
| field. The Ardois system now in use
by our Signal Corps is a display of
four lights each of which may be
either red or white. These lights are
incandescent lamps operated by a key
board conveniently placed at the sta
ton. The red light indicates a dot,
and the white light dash so that the
| characters of the General Service
Code are made by combinations of
the red and white lights.
Telephone And Telegraph
The telegraph and the telephone,
especially the latter, are the greatest
asset for communication in the pres
ent war. Both can be set up in a
comparatively short time but the diff
culties in maintaining the wire lines
can be readily understood when a bat
tie is in progress. However, it has
been used with more or less success.
Field lines can be hastily laid on the
ground for temporary use, the insu-
lated wire being laid out from carts
or from hand reels. Occasionally
bare wire is used and in the event of
this the line can be operated only with
the buzzer. When telegraph or tele-
phone lines are to be laid in war
time the wiring party of the Signal
Corps start out with a wire cart, an
instrument wagon and pack mules all
loaded with necessary instruments.
The lines can be laid in a compare
lively short time and put in working
order. During the present war much
of this must be done at night, and
not infrequently the wiring party are
surprised by the enemy and there is a
skirmish. On small field lines the
buzzer is universally used and the
whole apparatus can be carried in a
small leather case weighing only
few pounds and in this is combined
a complete telephone station, includ-
ing the necessary batteries which
makes an ideal instrument for field
lines. 1t was used in the Philippines
with great success, and when our Sig
nal Corps get into real work "over
there" we shall hear of the great feats
of this unit.
OF course, wireless telegraphy is the
greatest asset of the Signal Corps, and
two types of this are used by our
Army. Both are portable, the small
or can be carried on pack mules and
has a range of some twenty-five miles.
while the larger outfit must be carried
on wagon. According to weather
conditions and the ground nearby It
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-21

corps is in class all by itself and it
is the purpose of this article to touch
upon the duties of the Signal Corps
without reference to the remarkable
achievements of the aviators whose
work in the present war has been lit
tie short of marvellous.
Training Signal Corps Men
The school for training officers for
the Signal Corps is located at Fort
Leavenworth, Kansas, and a large
class is now in training at that place.
AS soon as an officer completes his
course he is sent to one of the canton
ments of the National Army, where
the men detailed for Signal Corps
work are put into training under his
direction. The majority of these men
have been recruited from the tele-
graph and telephone companies and
have an accurate knowledge of the
fundamental principles of the work,
but they lack the military discipline
and training. This, however, is soon
accomplished for the telegraph or tele-
phone mechanic is used to out door
life and he soon learns the regulation
infantry drill and becomes a real sol
der. They are about the busiest men
in camps with their flags, heliograph
telegraph and wireless instruments,
and the learning of various sknals for
the Signal Corps has many duties in
its collection and transmission of mill
tary information, and every man must
be perfect in his knowledge of receiv-
ing and sending messages. It may be
the duty Of some to merely string
wires or set up poles but they must
understand the signals and be able
to take the place of a comrade who
may not come through his baptism of
fire alive.
Flag Signals
Among all the signal systems of the
past or present the International flag
code stands alone in that it means In
telligible communication can be es-
tablished between vessels of different
nationalities even though no one can
speak or understand word of the
others language. consequently flag sig
mailing is one of. the first arts learned
by Signal Corp recruit. The work
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-21

signals here could cause bad mix-up.
Among the other apparatus used by
the Signal Corps in sending messages
in addition to flags is the Telegraph
smoke signals, rocket signals, teleg-
raphy, telephone and wireless teleg-
raphy together with all aeronautics.
Telegraph And Lanterns
The Telegraph is an instrument
used for communication between dis
tant stations by reflection of the sun
from mirror or system of mirrors.
The dot and dash of the Morse code
is used, the dot being represented by
a short flash and the dash By longer
one. The dots and dashes are regu-
lated by shutter, through which the
sunlight beam from the reflected mir
rors passes when open. This system
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-21
Ho1U the Eyes and Ears" of the Army
Are Trained = Instruments They
Use and Their Hazardous
Work At the Front.

- HE TRANSMISSION of signals
n by sight and sound during wars
dates from the very earliest
- ages and although some his
torians attribute the invention of the
hrst signal system to a General who
took part in the Trojan War, in 1174.
B. c., there are many instances in
early history which show that trans
hitting messages by signals was in
use by the Egyptians and Persians at
much earlier date. Before the close
of the Trojan War the Greeks had so
far developed the art that they were
able to transmit the knowledge of
their victory to their mother country
by means of fire and smoke signals.
The instruments used were crude
and although reliable their scope was
limited After a time a Greek soldier
invented a system of spelling out the
words in the twenty-four letters of
the Greek alphabet. The Romans
several centuries later employed fire
and smoke signals for transmitting
messages between permanent towers
or stations set up in various parts of
their vast empire.
The semaphore signal system came
= vogue in 1894, and in England a
year later chain of towers provided
with semaphore arms was erected to
connect the Admiralty in London with
Portsmouth, Sheerness, Deal and 9TH
er ports. Powerful telescopes enabled
each tower to keep its neighbor under
observation, in SOME cases 10 or IL
miles distant. In this way London
wSs able to receive a message from
one of her ships in about fifteen min
utes by relaying it through several
towers. 1t served its purpose until
the middle of the nineteenth century
when the telegraph superseded it. But
even this was not rapid enough and
the inventive genius of man finally
brought out the telephone and wire
less telc~-aphy. In every war the
Signal Corps seems to have risen IN
value until today that branch of the
service has become one Of the most
important branches of the army Nat
urslly the Aviation Service is under
this section, but the work Of that
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-21

Flag signaling is regarded as the
most crude way of sending MESA ges
yet at times it is found so useful, espe-
cially in rapid communication for
short distances, that every man in the
Signal Corps must learn how to send
and receive messages by this method.
Cleanliness is impressed upon the
Signal Corps man in reference to his
flags for the cleaner the flag the great
er distance the message may be read.
They are also instructed to take moth
ing for granted in reading the letters,
but to get each one absolutely correct
as a mistake might cause serious trou-
BILE. For instance c. c. C. means by
the code charge Gam about to charge
if not instructed to the contrary i,
while c. F. means cease firing. It can
be readily understood how the wrong
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-21

consists of a certain movement of flags
of various sizes to meet the condf-
tons under which the message is to be
sent. They are usually made of red
and white muslin, some red with white
squares in the center and others white
with red centers. Black flags with
white centers are sometimes found
most suitable as in case of sky back
grounds. The larger ones are tied TO
jointed poles, the flag being fastened
to the joint commensurate with the
size of the flag and distance the mes.
sage is to be sent. The letters are
made by certain movements of the
flags and in clear atmosphere the
four foot flag is visible with the naked
eye for three or four miles, while
with field glasses it can be read twice
as far
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-21
MN

T y @ GS
<AI2alS3
5Z52adl C2co2 6sfl7 Zauz2 I1H5 -ASU17LS@%zz72z
(9e E126121I1L G&~sazSG5 7
ca7@T172<Szv ~z1lazz, Zasz1zS
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-06-21

. HE TRANSMISSION of signals
a by sight and sound during wars
dates from the very earliest
~ ages and although soma his
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1918-06-08

presence OF these minerals In any
appreeiable amounts, should send
samples TO the Geological Depart
ment School of Mines. University OF
Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, where they
will be examined.
II samples are found TO contain
any of these minerals, blank forms
will be sent to owners to fill out, In
order to get definite information as to
location of property etc. During
the summer a geologist will visit the
districts and examine the properties;
representative samples will be taken,
these will be analysed, and the result
will be published in the form of a
bulletin during the winter.
Owners eof properties submitting
samples to the School OF Mines will
therefore be helping the government
in the task of carrying on the war,
and in the event of these samples
containing commercial quantities OF
these minerals, they will be also
serving their own interests by hay
ing their properties investigated.
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1918-06-08
We Must Change Their Viewpoint

This remarkable letter was first pub
lished in the Edinburg Scotsman
and later printed in the COMPRESSION
al Record at request of Senator Rob-
inson.
Frankfort-on-O ODER, July 20 1916.
My Dear Louise
The contents of your last letter
would have hurt me had | not known
that your thoughts Of our glorious
war resulted from sheer ignorance.
You are in a country rendered eff
Terminate by the influence OF old
fashioned ideas of liberty, a country
which is at least two centuries be-
hind ours. You are In need OF q
good dose of Prussian culture.
1t is evident that you, SWISS CIR
with your French Symrathies. can
not understand how my heart, tine
heart of young German girl, pas
sionately desired this war. Speaking
of 1t some years ago, my father sale
to us: Children, Germany Is get
ting too small for us; we shall have
10 go to France again in order II
find room" Is 1t our fault II France
will not understand that more monel
and land are necessary for us?
And you reproach us that GU
soldiers have been very cruel to tn
Belgian rabble, and you speak ais
of the destruction of Rheims, AM
of the burning OF villages and towns
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1918-06-08
BRITISH LOSSES
FOR MAY LARGER
THAN NORMAL

Casualties In the British ranks
reported during the month of May
reached total OF 166.S02. The
losses were divided as follows.
Killed or died of wounds: Officers
1886; men 20,51S.
Wounded or missing Ofiieers,
6,182; mem 1873, 5e6.
British casualties reported week
by week have recently been running
near the 10000 mark. evidently rep
resenting the losses sustained dur
ing the heavy fighting that started
with the beginning of the German
offensive in March The total re-
ported during April was only 52,475,
as the lists apparently did not begin
to reflect fully the effects OF the cas-
ualties sustained YIN resisting the
German thrusts in Picardy and
Flanders until the beginning OF May.
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1918-06-08
LETTERS FROM THE SOLDIERS
Tacoma, Wash, May 25, 1918.
when You Hear From the Boy Tell The Republican


Tacoma, Wash, May 25, 1918.
Dear Little Cousins:
| thought | would write and let
you know my new address. ! have
moved out of the Depot Brigade.
am in the 361st infantry company
H. | have moved down closer to
Greene Park. am not very far
from the park now. ! like 1t lots
better here too. The Non. CONS.
treat us whole lot better. They are
nice sociable fellows | am in Ia
coma on q pass today. This is GER
tainly a great town the streets are
all up hill and down. They use mar
row guage street cars here. They
run them with a cable. | am writ
ing in the soldiers and Sailors Club.
1t is a nice place. They have writing
material here and desks to write at.
They have a nice dance hall too
They are having big dance now.
My pass is good until Monday morn
ing at 5:45. Just SO | am there to
stand reveile Monday at o'clock.
They have beds here so fellow
can stay here over night. They
were all filled up tonight though, so
we got a room in a private house
| came over with another fellow
from Idaho. We came over on the
train this morning. There is bus
line that runs from Camp Lewis to
Tacoma also. There are quite
number of sailors in Tacoma now.
was down to the ship yards looking
around. There is lots Of shipping
going on now There was two or
three steamships that came in and
left while l: was standing there.
They are building lots of ships now.
They have two pretty nearly ready
to launch. About half OF the people
on the streets now are sailors ana
soldiers. The soldiers come In Sat
urday and go back Sunday evening.
This 81 very pretty place 'They
have lots of rain and everything is
nice and green and fresh all the
time. It is all fir timber everywhere.
All the way In from camp Lewis we
came through timber country.
Everywhere a man looks he sees
thick forests. Next time | get pass
I am going to Seattle. | will take
steamboat from Tacoma.
/ got a letter from your aunt Alice
| in Parker, S. Dakota. | answered II
the same day ! got it, but haven
heard from here again. | may have
quite a lot of mail when / get back
| will have to go up to the depo'
brigade and get it. / haven't looked
| for my mail for two days now.
always used to be over there twice
every day to see II | had any mai
when was there Did you get the
pictures of the Is company? II you
did write and let me know what yot
think of it. didn't like it very we'll
The right hand side of the picture
is too dark and is a little bit blurred
7 sent one to the folks in Boise ant
one to you folks. There was one
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1918-06-08
Government Needs Mineral to Garry
On the War.

To make available the rafe-min-
eral resources or the state of Idaho
the University of Idaho Geological
Survey In cooperation with the
United States Geological Survey Is
planning to spend the summer In
search for certain minerals needed In
carrying on the war.
The following minerals are In
great demand for munition manufac-
ture. tungsten minerals; molyb-
denite; tin (cassiterite); quicksilver
tcinnabar); manganese; chromium
platinum; mica.
In former years large proportion
of these minerals has been imported
from foreign countries. The short.
age of ships combined with the In
creased demand has made IL neces
sary that these minerals be now pro
duced at home.
Owners of properties containing
deposits of any of the above men
toned minerals. or who suspect the
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1918-06-08

did not see. | don't know what
kind of picture 1t is, whether Ii Is a
good one or not, but the one | saw
| didn't like very well.
| am going to try and get some
post card pictures taken today. Ii
do | will send you each one. |
started to write this letter yesterday
while | was waiting for my partner
to get through dancing. He came
after me though before got through,
so | am finishing up today.
Today is Sunday so there is not
much doing in town now. We are
going back tonight. don't know
when we will leave here, but every
one says we will be gone in month
from now. That razor you gave me
is sure dandy. | couldn't get along
without il now. | have to shave
nearly every day. We all have to be
shaved clean all the time and have
our hair cut short We have to
stand inspection every Saturday
morning. Our clothes must be clean
and our leggings must be washed
good and clean, and we must shave
either the night before or In the
morning before inspection. Our
shoes must be shined, and we must
have every button on our clathes and
have them buttoned. We will get
called down IL our coat pockets are
not buttoned.
They have two kinds kinds OF
passes. One is class A and one Is
class B. Glass A passes are good foi
every Saturday and Sunday. II
man has a class A pass he can leave
the camp every Saturday. have not
been In the 361st infantry lone
enough to get class A pass. | Will
have to turn in my pass when | gel
back. II a man has class A pass
he must be good soldier. II ne
doesn't stand inspection all right ht
will lose it. IL he has dirty gur
or Is not clean shaved or anything
like that. or Ii he don't salute al
officers when he meets them, the,
will take his pass away from him.
| wish you would write and let mi
know who Is the next In the draf
from Gilmore county. Do you evel
see any OF the boys from the Florence
Live Stock company? II you do, tel
them hello for me- Write and lie
me know how you are all getting
along. | certainly miss you all
And Dickie got sick on the wed
ding cake did he? / wished befor'
got to Camp Lewis that had takel
that lunch that you folks put al
for me. We certainly lived prett.
slim coming down on the train.
Well. answer soon and tell me al
the news, and let me know how yo'
all are. l can tnlnh VI ahythih'
more to write, so guess Will close
Good by,
WALT.
Walter B. Denton,
361st Inf. Co. H.,
Camp Lewis, American Lake,
Washington.
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1918-06-08

no reason, ii this is standard through
out the state, why it should not
prove satisfactory to the employer
and employee. Men who have been
in the employ for previous seasons
are assuredly worth more and any
new man will be willing to accept
work ON this basis.
The Federal Offices are established
as follows. Headquarters at the
Courthouse, ST. Anthony, Idaho, M
J. Kerr Federal State Director; w
O. Enos, Junior Clerk; John nj
White, Assistant State Director
Branch offices at Pocatello, +. Il
Long, Examiner in charge; Twin
Falls. G. S. McGraw, Examiner II
charge; and Boise, e. H. Hasbrouck
Examiner In charge.
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1918-06-08

Well, that is war. AS in every other
undertaking, we are past masters In
the making of war.
You have a great deal to learn be-
fore you can come up to our stand
ard. and ! can assure you that what
has been done so far is mere baga-
telle compared with what will fol-
low.
AS matter of fact, there is but one
race worthy of ruling the world, and
which has already attained the
highest degree of civilization. That
race is ours, the Prussian; for
though we Germans in general are
the lords of the world, the Prussian
is undoubtedly the lord par excellence
among the Germans.
All other nations, and among them,
unfortunately, the Swiss, are de-
generates and of inferior worth.
That is why I have always been so
proud OF being true Prussian.
Yesterday, again, our pastor ex-
planned to us convincingly that our
first parents Adam and Eve, were
also Prussian. That is quite easy to
understand. because the Bible tells
us that the German God created us
all after his own image. II, then,
Tall men are descended from Adam
land his wife, 1T follows that only
Prussians, or at least Germans, ought
to exist In the world, and that all
who push and prosper ought to be-
long to us. You must admit that
that is logic, and that is why our
motto is God with u.s. Germany
above everything"
You know why we wished this
war. Is 1t not shameful that other
nations. who have no right to exist
Ion the earth, wish to diminish oui
heritage? We are the divine frui
. and the others are only weeds. Thai
, is why our great emperor has de
cided to put an end TO all these in
justices and to extirpate the weeds
Do you understand that now? ] re
main your school friend
KATIE HAMEL.
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1918-06-08
Whooping. Cough.

In this disease it Is important that
the cough be kept loose and expector-
alton easy, which can DO done oy
giving Chamberlain Cough Remedy.
Mrs. p. II. Martin, Peru, Ind, writes,
my two daughters had whooping
cough gave them Chamberlain's
Cough Remedy and 1t worked like a
charm"
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1918-06-08

Walter B. Denton,
361st Inf. Co. H.,
Camp Lewis, American Lake,
Washington.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-25
HELP WANTED-MALE
eREENEwALp,s ,,.

- : GTVFIFIN p n ID >
rfTGH-CGASS EMPLOYMENT SERVICE
Wanted at once--AcCountants. juniors ard
seniors: cost accountants. systemstizers
office manager and bovkkeeper, bookkeerer
and cashier. bookkeener for garage. employ
ment manager. welfare man large indus
trial corporation. attractive salary; efficiency
and mechs nical engineers. production man
sheet metal concern, inspectors, foreman
machinery, Woodworking foreman. superin-
tendcnt factory. foreman mill, construction
engineer steel concrete, foreman heavy iron
tank work. craftsmen, clerks. all capacities:
cashiers. factory clerks timekecper. payroll
men, weigh clerks. good wages. sales ell
gineers, private secretary. stenogrnpher to
official. assistant superlntendent. good pay
ing, permanent positions well known loca
concerns; also good openings for women.
Greenewald's, emplyment specialists: hook
$50 s. t1th.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-25
STAMPS AND COINS
STORAGE

WEST PHII.A. MONARCH sToktA,wnEirsS' n
AUTO Packing ana smrrryp'fVE
SERVICE 3sTO LANCASTER 49,
n. Phiisa STORAGE co. .acs$ LehiEh. pie:!5
GIRARD Storage Co, .9is Girard ays ,ci mcviiz5 ID.
packing. storage. Phi. Pop. o2ot. Is.-
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-25
HEATING

MAKlN-KEISEY HEALTH HEAT better,
cheaper than hot water or steam.. pure
fresh air with normal humidity. 1927 Filbert
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-25
SITUATIONS wANTED-FEMALE

GovERNESS, college graduate, wishes posi-.
ton as tutor few hours day. q 25S, L.C.
STENoGRAPHER and typ!st wants work at
home: has Bell phone. u i43, Ledger Cen.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-25

HELP WANTED
Rollers for 8 and 10 inch
cold rolling mills
Slitters for Sitting strip steel
with rotary cutters
Uoughers and stlckers-in
for 8 and IL inch mills
Shearmsn
accustomed to trimming sheet steel
Catchers and scslers for sheet mill.
Hammer drivers and helpers
fer 100 and 1900 ID. steam hammer.
Good wages: steady work.
Apply Employment Bureau
HENRY DISSTON e. SONS, INC.
Tacony. Philadelphia.