davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-05-03
Over 400 Performers Will Take Part
 in Big Show.

Over 400 Performers Will Take Part
 in Big Show.
 In brand-new car, gayly decorated in red and gold, and loaded with bar rels of paste and bright-colored pa- per, the advance guard of 108 public ity men for the great Hagenbeck-Wal- lace Circus is in town for the purpose of advertising the 'big show," which will appear in Bridgeport, Friday, May IT.
 The advance car, which is one of several that will come here at in- tervals, carries thirty men, consisting of twenty-two bill posters, six litho- graphers, manager and advertising agent. The No. car travels about three weeks in advance of the circus and is used principally for billing the city where the show appears, and the country for a radius of thirty miles reached by livery and automo- piles. The No car is known as the "excursion' car and bills the routes on all steam and trolley roads lead ing out of the show stand. The final brigade of the advance force reaches IO"n d W0Sh p1lOI lO L11O show. They carefully inspect the work done by the two advance cars and in addition distribute newspapers, heralds and pictorial booklets de- scribing the circus in accurate detail. Other advertising men known as "opposition'' agents are constantly on the move and frequently inaugurate campaign of advertising several | months in advance.
 The Hagenbeck- Wallace Circus, | now as always, is owned and operated by American capital. The circus rep resents to Edward Ballard, the man. ager, and his associate, a cash expen- allure of $3,O00,000. The daily op erating expense is $7,5OO. At night the big show travels from city to city aboard three special trains. In the daytime 22 tents are used to house | the great organization. The em- ployes travelling with the show num- Der about 1000. The regular circus program includes over 400 arenic art ists and almost as many trained wild animals Among the 60 riders with the circus this season is Miss Dallie l Julian a, newcomer to the world of white tops, in daring equestrian act Over 500 draft horses are used, in addition to 200 head of pony and ring stock. The two perform ances here will be given at 2 and 8
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-05-03

ascertained conditions of the atmos pheric stratum of the earth Away up there the air resistance to the shell speed would be almost nil.
 But if the object of the Boche was to disorganize the business affairs of Paris-particularly the war indus tries-he quite completely succeeded for one day. Only the unknown mys- tifies one into inaction. When Paris knew, the second morning, that the ity Beautiful and Brave was actually being shelled at regular intervals by one or two moraI-effect guns from the German lines, it promptly nullified the effect on it's moral and went about its affairs in it's normal everyday fash ion-a quiet, reasonable, common sense victory against a rather stupid effort at frightfulness.
 The Brave Children.
 My host on Friday night told me of his little girl, who had gone to school that morning before the first shell dropped from the clear skies. All the children had been shepherded into the cellar; in there they were kept for seven hours waiting for the "all clar'' signal. Neither she nor the others complained except that they could not play games. That was all the effect it had on them.
 Apparently the gun was kept al the same elevation all day long. Ac- curacy is impossible at that distance and I suppose that two shells aimed in precisely the same way would reach the earth on the same line o1 direction perhaps two miles apart But from the way the shells arrived it would seem that those directing the fire were trying to drop them on { line about three miles at right angle! to the point of the gun.
 As to the gun itself-the opinio1 :, seems to be that it was, or is, of or iginally large calibre, reduced by al additional inner lining, to give tre mendous resistance to the force O.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-05-03
ATTEND FUNERAL
 OF CARLOS DE RENA

Washington, May, 3-President Will son, members of the cabinet and diplo- matic corps, justices of the supreme court and members of the foreign re- lation committees of the Senate and House attended today the state funeral of Dr. Carlos De Pena, Uruguyan minister to the United States.
 Services were held in St. Patrick s church and included a requiem high mass and full military honors. The body was placed in vault until it can be conveyed to Uruguay on a United States Warship.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-05-03
MAN WHO VISITED PARIS DESCRIBES BURSTING BOMBS Paris Shopkeepers Just Be- ginning to Bedizen Allur-
 ing Windows. SHELLS FIRED BY
 AIR COMPRESSION Explosions Every Fifteen Minutes Kept Heavens
 Like Smoke Pots.

The -shopkeepers of Paris has just fbegun to bedizen their alluring win dows when the dull boom of a burst ling bomb, synchroniIng with the ishrin scream of the fire engines giv- ling the air raid alert" caused a 'hasty withdrawal of these Partisan attractions. Then followed the quick closing of shutters and a general scramble of all-employers, shop managers, all the way down to the tiny cash girls-to the cellars, there to await for the 'tAu clear signal.
 And they waited. all day long and the signal did not come. So When night fell they came out of their bur rows and found their way home as best they could, for the .omnibuses were off.
 Every 15 minutes all day long some thing came from out of the heavens and burst with a crackle or a boom according to the distance from the anxious listener.
 The First Scare.
 2. At first everyone accepted the theory of a daytime air raid. Then doubts arose, and late in the after noon an ugly rumor spread that the Germans had broken through and were beginning a. real bombardment of Paris. An uneasy feeling ensued, and during the evening the stations leading south, west and northwest were crowded with timid and unin- formed people trying to get away from the city.
 Meantime, among officials and army people-French, English and American - speculation arose as to what the projectiles were, Some "ex- iperts'' explained to me that the shells were expelled from gun back of the lines nestled in layers of three-the fouter shell, acting as an aerial gun firing in flight, the other two during the flight propelling the third an6 last one. on the remainder of the long .65-mile. journey.
 Another theory, discussed and quickly discarded, was that the shel was fired by air compression, that 6 propeller at the butt and carried the whole forward like torpedo from z U-boat, and that when the propeller ceased to revolve the shell fell ana exploded in the city.
 Late in the evening was dining il the Ave Montague with representa- tive members of both branches of tn service and their expert opinion crys
 tahzed and agreed upon the proba biIity that the shells arrived in Pari directly from the gun or guns as tn simple and direct result of the origina muzzle velocity aided by the neigh of the ajectory-variously estimates asf rom 16 to 20 miles-beyond tn
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-05-03
BRIDGEPORT MAN
 KILLED IN ACTION

Mrs. Eva Cunningham, of 822 State street, received a telegram from the War Department last night telling her that her husband, John S. Cunning ham, of the 102nd United States in fantry,, died in action April 20- Gun ningham is the second Bridgeport man to be killed in action on the bat tie front. He was drafted from taIs city last September, and went to France in December. Only "A hours before the telegram arrived, Mrs. Cunningham read a letter from her husband in which he said that he was well and happy. Before entering the army Cunningham was painter. He had a host of friends in this city.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-05-03
SEAMON
 OWES THE LODGE

Kossuth Camp, Woodmen of the World, has filed suit in the Common Pleas Court against Anthony J. Sea- man, collector, to recover $40 which it is alleged he has collected and failed to turn over to the camp. Dam ages of $500 are fclaimed. Seaman says there is 8, mistake in the ac- counts and denies any wrong doing.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-05-03

the firing explosive; that it was em- bedded in the earth, so that Mother Earth herself should take up prac- tically all of the recoil, thereby add ing to the initial velocity.-(By the International News Bureau, Inc, Bos- ton.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-05-03
HAGENBECK-WALLA CIRCUS IS
 COMING; ADVANCE MEN ARRIVE

D. m. The doors to the Hagenbeck menagerie will be opened an hour earlier.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-05-03
MERIT MARKS ARE.
 GIVEN LOCAL BOYS

Worcester, Mass, May 3-Rev. Jo- seph N. Dinand, prefect of studies at Holy Cross college today awarded testimonials of merit to the following Connecticut students: Augustine D. Keane, Edward L. Carey, Vincent J. Sullivan of Bridgeport; Joseph L. Baltrush and Antonio Santora of Waterbury,; Thomas l.. Murphy of Housatonic, and William E. Keefe of New Haven.
 The Pacifists should remember that the wild beasts were never driven back to the jungle by the doves, the lambs or the mice.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-01-31
Stencil Making
Paper Read Before the Prison Chautauqua
By Mr.. c.. III. s.
Mr.. President. and fellow mem

Mr.. President, and fellow mem
bers:-
In presenting this paper to you
to- day, it is my intention to give
a brief insight to great profess
sion: the art of stencil making and
sign writing. In my next paper l
will take up decorating and comic
al paintings for advertising pur-
poses. Stencils are used the world
over for all purposes; in factories
they are used in great numbers.
When a professional sign painter
receives an order for number of
signs of uniform size and lettering,
the jointless stencil is used to great
advantage. For the profession,
several styles of stencil designs are
known, but the most popular styles
are the stencils with joints and the
jointless stencil.
Two illustrate the difference be-
tween the two types, l will give
you here blackboard illustration
of both designs. The stencil with
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-01-31
r + r II II r Fl Il r f r r e

joints is. mostly used for small
work, like stenciling addresses on
boxes, or the farmer using them
to stencil his name on grain sacks.
But for big jobs. when a great
number of signs are ordered, the
jointless stencil is used. In order
to make a jointless stencil, l will
give you an illustration: For ex-
ample, take the word ''Minneso-
ta," which l have here prepared
for your study
You all have seen the signs in
the yard, reading: Keep off the
grass The jointless . stencil is
used in producing them. The first
operation is painting the back
ground. Two coats of white and
a mixture of black color-varnish
are prepared-the word color-var-
nish means that varnish is mixed
with paint, for the purpose of
making the paint 'tackey." The
stencil is then applied and all
empty spaces filled in with color,
and the sign is ready for the final
operation-that of applying black
colored sand. This sand is thrown
all over the sign, and after five or
ten minutes the sign is turned over
and all the loose sand Jared off,
and after giving it "a hours to dry
hard the sign is ready for delivery.
A sign fourteen feet in length,
four feet wide, reading: Minnesota
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-01-31

Binders, Mowers and Rakes, can
be finished by two men, one apply
ing the stencil, the other filling in,
at rate of thirty-fiv signs day:
and if this number we're done by
hand work, one applying the let
ters, the other filling in, the thirty
five signs would take a week.
The most important part in sign
painting, is spacing, and then the
preparation of the colors for the
ground" and finish work; after
which shading is the most impor-
tant-I will here give you black
board illustration of how a shade
Is applied, also few types of the
letters in use the world over.
In my next paper ] will give you
more details in artistic sign work.
And in conclusion l wish to point
out that the correspondence schools
Of lettering are great help to a
man that possesses talent, but with
out talent the road to success is a
very long one. Besides talent a
noan must love his trade, and sue
cess will be his reward.
Mr.. President and fellow mem
bers, / thank you for your attention.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-01-31
About Buttons

Back of a question raised by a
Bostonian turks a tense scene with
an Indian background. Lurk with
this to the end, and then don't ac-
cuse us of not presenting novelty:
Herbert Maxwell asked: rs it
possible to trace to its source the
invariable rule under which the
clothes of men button from left to
right, and the clothes of women
from right to left!"
John D. Dobson, of Woon-
socket, R. l., writes: Simply be-
cause it came easier for the ladies'
maid to perform the Office of but
toning." Have you ever noticed
how awkward it is for your tailor
when he buttons your coats
Why are there two buttons on
the back of a mans coat? Some
think that they are survival of
buttons used on eighteenthcentury
riding coats. When the wearer
was on his horse the coat-tails
we're buttoned up.
A tribe of North American In
dians, deep believers in the value
of symbolism, refused to heed a
missionary because he could not
explain to them the significance of
these two buttons.-Ex.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-01-31

One by one the months pass,
drawing ever near to that long
looked for day and hour when we
will go forth into the great world
beyond these towering walls and
build again that which we have so
ruthlessly torn down.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-01-31
IRON ORE PRODUCTION
Some Interesting Facts Anent This Mineral Read
Before the Prison Chautauqua Circle
By Mr.. O. II.

WWWMYWNWN1YLYlI IzNHYIMXYHYTTIWMYS
IL too severe to permit working
in the mine.
The trains that are bound for
the Lake Ports, which are located
at Duluth, Superior and Two Har-
bors, are, composed of fifty cars
each, and they travel over one of
the finest and most up-to-date
railroads in the world. just be-
fore coming into Proctor, Mime
sofa, where are located the largest
ore yards in existence, all ore must
be weighed. 1t is we'll worth while
to mention word of praise in fa-
vor of this peculiar and unique
scales, for they are seldom seen
elsewhere and nowhere excelled.
The trains slow down to about
eight miles an hour while passing
over these scales, and in this man
ner each car is checked and all ore
weighed, without the train having
to stop once. The distance be-
tween the mines and the Lake
Ports is about eighty miles. The
railroad is double tracked the en-
tire distance so as not to permit
delays to obstruct the schedule of
the constant string of trains that
ply between.
On reaching the railroads des-
tination, the trains run far out
over the lake on a highly elevated
viaduct. Below the tracks, on this
viaduct. are located great ore pock-
cts, which are filled by the auto
matte, self-domping ore cars from
the mine. The large lake liners
that carry the ore eastward, are
filled by the law of gfavitation
from these pockets, and are often
able to stand the pressure of being
filled at rate of from eighty to
hundred tons a minute; but after
reaching their destination, which
is generally Cleveland or Buffalo
and many other ports, they can not
be unlOaded by the same force that
loaded them, namely: gravitatior.
Formerly it took an army of men
sometimes a week to unload one
boat; but since the new drop-head
derrick has come into use, they are
often unloaded in one half day
with as few as six men.
1t is at these ports that the ore
is put through its first melting
process that changes it into pig
iron; and often it is not permitted
to cool, but is sent on through the
other various processes until it is
finally pronounced steel.
Ore that has been mined in Min
nesota, carried overland and by
water a thousand miles or more
and finally changed into steel in
Pennsylvania has never been
touched directly by the hand of
man; this shows that a wonderful
dream of mechanical ability has
been realized.
A ton of iron ore that often
brings the land owner no more than
twenty-five cents at the mine,
when worked into fine watch
springs brings seven million
dollars.
Last month the United States
Steel Corporation, manufactured
and completed orders to the ex-
tent Of 1859 tons of steel, and
this is only one of the larger steel
manufacturing concerns.
The United States is immensely
rich in its man and money forces,
but its steel is the largest asset, in
view of bringing this world war
to a speedy and permanent
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-01-31

Ht41fEaR ore district has che rich
39NESH est iron mines in the
a&Gy world and no region is so
renowned for its vast productivity.
On the Mesaba Range we find the
little city of Hibbing, Minnesota.
Although it has only some fifteen
thousand inhabitants, it's natural
resources compel recognition as
the richest spot on earth. Here
aud adjacent are located the worlds
largest producing iron ore mines.
Among the many small ones that
snuggle like little chickens around
all old hen, is the great Hull Rust
mine, producing more ore than
any other mine in existence.
In calling the attention to mines
or mining conveys an impression
and imagining of a shaft, a hosting
engine, and underground tunnel
ing and drilling and blasting that
goes with most mines. But all of
these, which are necessities to the
aforesaid mines, are not to be
found at the Hull Rust. This mine
is what is known as an open pit or
pit mine. 1t is about one half
mile wide and two miles long, and
so deep that it could completely
engulf a Gen-story building with
scarcely leaving the top of the flag
pole visible with the level of the
land. Owing to the fact that the
Hull Rust is a pit mine and the
weather being very severe in win
ter, with huge snow falls and ex-
treme cold, it is not only difficult
4 at this season to work but utterly
impossible. This slack season gen.
orally, begins in December and
terminates in March, leaving about
an eight. month working season.
In this working season, they must
procure "a sufficient quantity of
iron ore to keep the large eastern
steel mills and foundries supplied
for the entire year, and also, sup
ply the miscellaneous trade that de-
mands iron ore; for all but about
one sixth of the iron ore produced
and used in the United States comes
from the Lake Superior region.
To give some idea of the vast
amount of iron ore necessary to
supply the United States trade, it
will only be necessary to mention
but one incident for comparison:
! In the slack year of iron ore activi-
ties, which was in nineteen hum
dred and fourteen, just before the
war, there was taken from the
Hull Rust mine alone, during the
eight months working season,
more earth material than was tax
en- from the Panama Canal in fif.
teen months. This fact also
proves that the management of the
mines have needed and accepted
every labor saving device that
mechanical wizards brain could be
called upon to conceive and pro-
duce. For here we find all the
modern, up-to-date inventions ap-
piled to this kind of work. One
of the most conspicuous elements
of display seen in the entire mine,
is the gigantic, monitor-like steam
shovels when in action; one sees
them, as 1t appears, diving head
foremost into the soft irony ma
terial just as the imagination would
register some prehistoric monster
eating when very hungry. At
each bite these steam shovels take
up an average amount of material
consisting of two tons, and making
| about five bites to the minute. fill.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-01-31
Arm this old town any
way" said Tessie New
man as she tossed her hat
On the table and finnU

YA%AH man as she tossed her hat
lV9y on the table and flung
herself into the large armchair.
Il wish to goodness" she con-
tinued, tanning herself with a
newspaper, that this hot weather
would develop good size cyclone
and blow, this burg off the map
Honestly. mother, | wish it would
get so hot that those fat chunks
of lard we call business men
would become nothing but puddles
of grease
"What on earth is the matter
now!" asked Mrs. Newman. I
thought you was getting along so
nice with your Red Cross work"
Getting along nice? Yes, so
did 1 till 1 heard that Kingsburg
had subscribed $4,000 to the Red
Cross fund. Just think of it,
mother, $4,000! And Kingsburg
with only 1920 people!''
"Yes, but there are quite a lot
of wealthy, people in Kingsburg. %
replied Mrs. Newman.
Wealthy people!" exclaimed
Tessie. why, there are only half
dozen families there that you
might call wealthy; and Kingsburg
don't do near the amount of busi-
ness that is done here in March
Vile. The bank statements pub
lished in the Clarion only last
week showed that our First Nation
al Bank alone handled more money
than Kingsburg's two banks to-
gether. Then there is the Farmers
State Bank and the Marchville
State Bank-each one of them
richer than either one of the Kings
burg banks. And just to think,
our town with $500 people and
more than half a hundred business
concerns, large and small, can't
subscribe any more than measly
81, ,5OO!"
''Well, my dear,I don't see that
there is any more you can do now
until after the Red Cross booster
meeting is held next week." said
Mrs. Newman.
''Oh DEAR" said Tessie kind of
hopelessly, ''if it wasn't for so
many of our boys enlisting in the
army 1 wouldn't have anything
further to do with it. And / hate
to think of the thoughts they will
have of us if we don't do our share
toward the support of the Red
Cross. AS for the booster meet
ing, l don't expect much success
from that either"
Il thought you we're having
such hopes of that being a big
success" said Mrs. Newman.
II did until l noticed that the
Clarion and the News are ad.
vertising it in a kind of half-heart-
ed manner, as though they were
afraid the business men might give
all their money to the Red Cross
and have none left to pay for ad.
vertising space in the papers.
Don't worry-over it anymore
now, my dear" said Mrs. Newman
The weather is too hot and peo-
pie feel kind of sluggish and are
not much interested in anything
except the best way to keep cool
In a few days, no doubt, it will
cool off and then they will wake
up and you cam get them inter.
ested."
Tessie was twenty-siX and al
that age one does not look al
things in a pessimistic vein very
long, and being a girl of we'll.
balanced mind she agreed with
her mother that possibly the con.
tinued spell of hot weather might
have something to do with the small
amount of interest manifested in
the Red Cross fund by the business
people of Marchville.
Tessie Newman, though still
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-01-31
WHEN THE BOYS COME SAILING HOME

+. WHEN THE BOYS COME SAILING HOME +
h ByLB.
p When the boys sailing home, n
m Meath the heavens wide rnd dome, n
Happy throngs therell be awaiting at the piers:
A Faithful sweethearts, sisters, brothers,
And host of loving mothers
p Hark you! hear the merry singing
As the echoes softly ringing
~ Seem to waver in the heavens and rebound? ~
- List to voices that would cheer them, -
Anxious, waiting to be them;
h Eager, Just hear an old familiar sound n
- Shall there be in this glad meeting, u
Some passed without greeting?-
Some lone private who in Gods sight proved his worth?
No! shall he need be roaming
~ Lone and homeless through the cleaning -
n While stick is left to burn within the hearth. -
n Therell be fatted calves-al steamng, ~
And sweet butter sparkling, cleaning, -
From the dew where cattle grazed down the loam;
Mother then will ask Gods blessing,
Fl Then she'll the boys dressing RI
When those lads from over there marching home -
h
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-01-31

A hard days labor brings its own
reward sleep and Oblivion.
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-01-31

HE Lake Superior iron
ore district has che rich
est iron mines in the
world and no region is 90