davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1918-08-16
THE AUGUST METEORS.

Those who retired early Monday
night missed the pleasing exhibition
of the annual August shower of me-
teors. About the eleventh or twelfth
of August, annually, the earth passes
through a stream of these strange
wanderers of the skies. The beauty
of the spectacle varies from year to
year, but Monday nights shower was
exceptionally heavy. BY the merest
chance the writer was out in the open
air until midnight, and observed with
delight the splendid spectacle of bril-
liant streams of fire checking every
quarter of the heavens.
Meteors are balls of metal, COM
posed of iron, nickle, cobalt, mag
nesia and various other metals known
to terrestrial chemistry, that have
either formed in some manner in
ETHEREAL space, or that have been
hurled by some terrific force from
some planetary explosion to such in
finite distance as to remove them
from the immediate influence of plan
etary gravity, after which they float
languidly in space until finally
caught in the whirlpool of gravita-
tion. Impelled by the force of grav-
ity, they enter the earth's atmos-
phere, and by friction with the MOLE
cules of the air are raised to terrific
temperature and explode, resulting
in a stream of fire in the sky.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1918-08-16
FIFTY MEN CALLED.

The local exemption board has re-
ceived a call for fifty white men to
be sent to Camp Taylor between the
26 and 81 of August. They will
probably be sent the 20. The board
is ordered to select the men from the
1917 registration il enough men of
that registration are available. The
secretary of the board advises us
there are enough men of that regis
tration to fill the call.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1918-08-16
LIVE STOCK CONFERENCE.

An important conference of farm
ers who produce cattle, sheep and
hogs, will be held at the College OF
Agriculture at Lexington, Saturday,
August II.
With the present profitable grow
ing of live stock every farmer In the
State who can possibly do so should
attend this conference. C. e. Yam
cey, specialist in meat production
in the United States Food Admins
tration, will be the principal speak
err.
We understand that a number of
Ohio county's most progressive stock
growers will attend this conference.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1918-08-16
REX ARBUCKLE's TROUBLES.

County court assembled with a
multitude of witnesses Wednesday
morning for the prosecution OF Rex
Beaver Dam youth ,charg-
ed with half a dozen felonies, but
Rex failed to turn up. Arbuckle is
a boy in age but veteran offender,
against whom many complaints have
come to the courts. He was before
the court only few days ago, and
was released on his own bond for ap-
pearance Wednesday, but seems to
have had pressing business else
where.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1918-08-16
THE PRIMARY.

Owing to the usual lack of interest
in the late primary, reports of the
vote in the various counties of the
State were slow coming in, but
finally the result has been accurate
ly ascertained.
Late returns very much reduced
the majority of both Mr.. Heavrin and
Judge Settle. Judge Settles major
ity in the district is 4S1 and Mr..
Heavrin's is Is.
DR.. Ben L. Bruner, of Louisville,
won over B. j. Bethurum by lit
tie more than two thousand votes.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1918-08-16

Miss - Riley, Sarvis Hill.
Mattye Baltzell, Taylors.
Beulah Moore, Bells Run.
Eva Thomasson, East View.
Josephine Hoover, Mosley.
Gentry Funk, Clear Run.
Arno Russell, Mt. Moriah.
Evan Owen, Belmont.
Marshall Grove, Greer.
Gertrude Taylor, Taylorfield.
Narrows, Bottoms and Odel
chools not yet taken.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1918-08-16
new DRAFTACT
IS GIVEN %. K"
Committee Makes Favor
able Report On Bill Az
ter Amended.

Washington. Aug. 13.-The Sen.
at Military Committee today voted
to report favorably at once the Adj
ministration Man-power bill extend
ing draft ages to from Is to As
years, but with an amendment by
Senator Reed, of Missouri, to have
the Government provide two years
education free for all boys under 81
years old, to be given after the war.
Senator Chamberlain announced
that the bill would be reported Thurs
day. and that II a quorum is present
In response to the requests for Sena-
tors to return at once the unanimous
consent agreement under which the
Senate recessed until August "a will
be set aside and consideration of the
measure taken up next Monday.
The Reed amendment affects both
army and navy volunteers and those
who have been drafted. Under its
provisions. upon application. the
youths would be given "an education
at the expense of the Government at
approved educational institutions.
the period of such education being
equivalent in point of time to the pc
Rod by him served in the army .or
navy, but shall not exceed two
years"
Provides Prompt Action.
Application for such educational
privilege" the amendment provides,
shall be made within six months
after discharge and the applicant
shall begin his studies promptly af-
ter his application shall have been ap-
proved. Rules and regulations for
carrying out this provision shall be
promulgated by the President"
Another amendment offered by
Senator Reed and accepted by the
committee provides that orders grant
ing deferred classification or exemp-
ton from military service for indus
trial reasons shall be revoked when
the man to whom this classification
has been given ceases to work at such
occupation while physically able to
do so.
Still another amendment offered
by the Missouri Senator would permit
soldiers and sailors. regardless of
age. who have either volunteered or
been drafted. to receive commissions.
They also would be made eligible for
admission to officers schools. The
measure was also amended so as to
provide that the wife of a soldier or
sailor shall not be disqualified for
any position under the Government
because she is a married woman.
Predicts Bills Passage.
Passage of the bill was predicted
by Senator Chamberlain in a state
ment after the committee had de-
cided to report the bill favorably.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1918-08-16
SENATOR JAMES CONDITION
Is DECIDEDLY CRITICAL

Baltimore, Md, Aug. 14.-Though
not materially worse today, the con-
dition of Senator James is decidedly
critical. His physicians do not veil
the fact that his illness is desper-
ate, though all that medical science
can do is being done.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1918-08-16
DEATH IN HARTFORD.

Miss Mary Bunger died of brights
disease at her home here, Monday
morning. Funeral services by Rev.
Russell Walker, after which burial
was in lakewood cemetery. Miss
Burger was nearly sixty years old,
and was the only child of the late
George w. Bupgre.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1918-08-16
HAkIFOKD OHO COUNTY KY FRIDAY, AUGUST &c. 1918 No7

troublesome community. The gen.
eral disturbance had there Sunday
will, no doubt, result in the peace
officers making a more strenuous eff
fort to restrict the flow of liquor in
to Haytian territory.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1918-08-16
where THE TEACHERS
ARE NOW LOCATED
Names of Districts Where
The Teachers Are
Now.

Many of our school teachers are
known where they have taught in
various sections of the county, and
we take it, our readers will be in
terested to know where the teachers
are located for the present year. On
account of other fields of employ
ment being more remunerative just
now, number of we'll known names
do not appear on the list of those
teaching this year. Names of teach
ers, with the local names of the dis
tricts in which they are teaching,
follow:
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1918-08-16
Division No. 1.

.OllOW.
Division No. 1.
Cora Thomasson, Washington.
Cliffie Austin, Edwards.
Cecil White Stone, Beech Grove.
Carrie Southland, Cave Ridge.
Mrs. Grace Tilford, Aetnaville.
Lucy r. Haynes. Haynesville.
Arna Purcell, Mt. Marian.
Division No. 2.
Mary Daniel, Washington.
Mrs. o. w. Duff, Trisler.
Emma Wright, Oak Grove.
Jesse B. Petty, Pleasant Walk.
Alta Daugherty, Highland.
Jessie NARROW, Poplar Grove.
Bessie NJ. Keene, Shreve.
Cola Wedding Herbert.
Rhoda Whitehouse, Clarks.
Bertha Brown, Berks.
Heber Midkiff, Sugar Grove.
Ethel Muffett, Oaks.
Sadie st. Clair, Cedar Grove.
Katie Swinhart, Palo.
Susie Raymond, Westerfield.
Monnie Mcdaniel, OlatOn.
N. l.. Ross, No. 10.
Mrs. Earl B. Chick, Union.
Margaret Cardwell, Cooper.
Bertha Westerfeld, Oakland.
Marilda Baker, (col.), Prentiss.
F. L. Sandefur, Taylortown.
Roxie May (col.), Taylor Mines.
Division No. 5.
Imogene Plummer, sulphur Springs
Ernest E. Wilson, Jubilee.
Viola Tichenor (col), McHenry.
r. d. Newton, (col.), Beaver Dam
o. N. Stewart. Prentiss.
Henry S. Barnes, Goshen.
Edith Austin, Shutdown.
Mrs. |. S. Mason, Taylor Mines.
Bessie Hazelrigg, Union Hill.
l.. l.. Embry, Mt. Pleasant.
E. j. Bratcher, Leach.
Ray Cook, Cave Ridge.
Maude Stewart, Baizetown.
Ira T. Jones, Antioch.
Wems Park, Salem.
B. II. Morris, Rosine.
Fannie Mae Paris, Excelsior.
MARITIME Taylor, Horton.
Anna Robinson, Flint Springs.
z. F. Lilies, Renfrow.
Muriel Wilson, Vine Hill.
Mary White, Bailey.
Jesse Byers, Old Union.
Mae Byers, assistant, Horse Branch
Noah Legrand, New Oklahoma.
Madge Hoover, Arnold.
Claude Park, White Oak.
j. w. Myers, Fairview.
Lola Westerfield, Basham.
Evelyn Foreman, McGrady.
Ruth Foreman, New Baymus.
Ethel Gillim, Sunnydale.
Cessna Shuts, Victory.
Division No. 3.
Otis Stevens, Sulphur Springs.
Edna Black, BENEFITS.
Andy Humble, Hickory Grove.
o. b. Cole, Concord.
NJ. T. Gentry, Dundee.
Ethel Royal, Ricketts,.
Mack Martin, Schroeder.
Anna Carter, Highview.
Norine Coleman, Lower Point.
Ula Woosley, Bunker Hill.
Elsie May Wise, Upper Point.
Margaret Tomerline, Central Grove.
Malinda Taylor, (col.), Rockport.
Beulah kindly, Midway.
Orville G. Weller, Coffman.
Oracle Chapman, Simmons.
Ethel Russell, Echols.
Erna Boswell, The Bend.
Ruth Godsey, Waltons Creek.
Winnie ID. Mosley, Midway.
A. w. Leisure, Union Grove.
Athel Wood, Ceralvo.
Lettye Bell, Lawson.
Clarence Shown, Chapman.
Zoda Raymond, Maxwell.
HELEN Riley, Holbrook.
Marlissa Foster, w. Nocreek.
Clarence Bartlett, T.. Nocreek.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
BISHOP OF OXFORD
TO SPEAK MONDAY
Governor Harrington viii Preside Al
Baltimore Meeting

The Rt. Rev Charles Gore, Bishop
of Oxford. England. will be guest OF
the Rt Rev. John Gardiner Murray
Bishop of Maryland, at his Baltimore
residence next week.
On Mnoday Bishop Gore will speak
in Baltimore at the Lyric under the
auspices of the League to Enforce
Peace.
Bishop Gore will motor over to
Washington on Monday afternoon and
will be received at the White House
by President Wilson, returning to Bal
timore in time for dinner
Governor Harrington will preside
at the meeting, and among those who
will occupy boxes are: Mrs. Harring-
ton, who will take party of friends
from Annapolis; Mayor and Mrs.
James H. Preston, and Cardinal Glib
bons.
Bishop Gore, who was chaplain-in-
ordinary to Queen Victoria and later
to King Edward, is one of the most
noted clergymen of Great Britain. He
visited Baltimore last November, when
he spoke at the Lyric. He was the
guest of Bishop and Mrs. Murray dur
ing his former visit to Baltimore.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
CHILDREN'S PARTY
FOR RED CROSS
Raises $10.50 On Halloween Night At
Home of Mrs. Hechler, For
War Work

Conceiving the idea that the chill
dren could haye party, and at the
same time help the Red Cross. which
is in need of funds, Miss Helen Douw
sent about fifty invitations to chill
dren of Murray Hill. for Halloween
parry to be given at the residence of
Mrs. F. G. Hechler, Franklin street.
The invitations were in the shape of
black cats and witches, and contained
verses stating the object of the party,
each child to contribute twenty-five
cents.
The children came saw and con-
quered. The beautiful decorations for
Halloween made all the rooms
most attractive Most of the children
wore fancy dress and masks, and
about thirty or forty of them partici-
pated to their delight in the games,
not the least important of which was
bobbing for apples.
There were toasted marshmallows
and apples a-plenty, and all had a
jolly evening, at the same time con-
/ tributing a substantial sum to the
Red Cross.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
TAKES CHARGE
OF PLANTS HOSPITAL

Miss Mabel Pew, of Bryn Mawr, sis
ter of j. n. Pew, Jr., president of the
Sun Shipbuilding Co.. and of j. How
ard Pew, president of the Sun Oil Co.,
has taken charge of the Sun Emer-
gency Hospital.
For six months Miss Pew had as
sisted in the treatment of minor acct
dent cases, after taking a course of in
tensive training as nurse in the Uni
versity Hospital at Philadelphia.
The present dispensary is treating
from 10 to 800 cases day, third
of them being eye cases-slight trou-
bles that are readily relieved. The
Emergency Fleet Corporation recently
allotted $4,000 to the Sun plant for
new hospital which will be built
without delay.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
FRENCH CLASS MEETS

The French class, organized by Mrs
H. W. Burgan for service men, nurses
and others. will hold its first meeting
next Tuesday at p. m in the lecture
room of First Methodist Episcopal
Church, State Circle.
A nominal fee of $500 for the en-
tire course covering ten weeks, two
periods per week, will be charged all
civilians. To men and women in the
service and nurses tuition and text
books will be entirely free.
Professor William e. Olivet, profess
sor of modern languages in the Naval
Academy, is the very efficient teacher
of the class, and he is expecting a
large attendance judging from the
number who have already enrolled.
All persons expecting to join are
asked to notify Mrs. Burgan before
Tuesday night.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
MARINE CORPS OFFICER
WEBS CANADIAN IN HAYTI

News of the marriage of Mrs. Mar
jorie Wilson Mcleod, of Brampton,
Ont, to Lieutenant Colonel Thomas H.
Brown, u. S. NJ c., has reached here.
The ceremony took place on October
"a at the residence of Mr.. Addison T..
Ruan, financial adviser of the Repub-
lie of Hayti, at Port-au-Prince, Hayti.
The bride was given away by the
United States Minister to Hayti, Mr..
A. Bailly- Blanchard. and was attended
by Miss Margaret Bristow, af Wash
ington. Colonel John H. Russell, U. s.
NJ. c., brigade commander was best
man. After the ceremony there was
reception which was attended by the
entire American colony.
Lieutenant Colonel Brown is in COM
mand of the Marine Barracks at Port
au-Prince, where he has been station
ed since October. 1916.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
useful AND NOBLE
| Use OF FUNDS
Inestimable Service Rendered by
Franco-American
Union
COMPLIMENTARY LETTER

One participant in athletics to every
four spectators is the highly salts
factory ratio now prevailing among
the men of the A. E. F. Figures COM
piled by the physical department of
the American Y NJ c. A. show some
things about sports that would sat
isfy the most enthusiastic booster of
intramural athletics. as opposed to
the vicarious kind. in which few play
and many watch.
The report of a weeks activities in
one of the eight regions into which
France is divided by the Y. NJ. c. A.
for administrative purposes gives
some interesting statistics. This re-
gion is not by any means the largest
nor most populous of the eight, but
it may be taken as a fair specimen.
In the week covered by this report,
1852, soldiers took part in some form
of sports, and 1925 watched the
other play. Volley ball, game that
is rapidly growing in popularity
among the Yanks, attracted the most
players, 1876. This is a sport that
a considerable number of men can en-
joy at the same time and one that re-
quires little equipment.
Baseball, the season for which is
now on the wane in France, claimed
1854 Indoor ball was third, with
1854 players. In the matter of draw
ing crowds. baseball was easily first,
81 sos roofing for the various teams.
Boxing was second in this respect,
with 1910 men holding "ringside"
seats.
The list of sports included in the
program is a long one. In addition
to these mentioned, the Y. NJ c. A.
promoted in this region basketball, in
tercollegiate football, soccer, quoits,
tennis, which by the way, had 1891
players; track and field games, gym
nastics, swimming medicine ball and
cricket
Not only in the number of soldiers
participating in sports constantly in
creasing, but the proportion content
to sit on the sidelines and watch, is
growing less from week to week.
Eventually it is possible that the only
athletic non-combatants will be men
who have finished their turns on the
playing field or are waiting to begin.
The figures given are conservative,
as regional direc ,ors in making out
their a thletic reports have been in
structed to avoid any exaggeration.
Undoubtedly the number of both play
ers and spectators were somewhat
larger than have been listed
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
UNION SERVICES
ON THANKSGIVING
Will BE Held This Year In First Pres
byterian Church. Rev. l.. Nj.
Rennett To Preach Sermon

According to custom, union service
of Thanksgiving will be held this year
on Thanksgiving day, Thursday, No
vember rs. by the several local Prot
estant Churches.
II was decided at the meeting yes
terday of the Ministerial Union OF
Annapolis. to hold the service this
Thanksgiving in the First Presbyter-
ian Church, and the Rev. l.. M. Ben
nett, pastor of Maryland Avenue Nj. +.
Church, was designated to preach the
sermon.
The service will be held at 1880.
The Rev. A. f. Owens, of Trinity M.
Il. Church. South. was appointed al
ternate preacher, and will preach the
Thanksgiving sermon, should any
thing prevent the Rev. Bennett.
BY invitation of the Ministerial
Union at yesterdays meeting, the Rev
DIR. Il. T. Dabmun. campaign manager
of the United War Work Drive, spoke
on the campaign work of this drive
before the ministers, outlining the ma
ture and purpose of the work.
The meeting was fraught with much
interest
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
E MN c H A T
ABOUT PEOPLE

Mrs. Dashiell is spending the week
end with her daughter, Mrs. Hatcher,
wife of Col. Hatcher.
Mr.. Clarence L. Clemson is spending
a few days at the Clemson farm in
Carroll county.
ing a few days at the Clemson farm in
ing a few rays at the Clemson farm in
Carroll county.
Mr. John Richard Roland, Secretary
to the local War Camp Community
Service, left here today to attend the
Conference of War Camp Community
Service at Atlantic City.
Private Llewellyn Hall, Coast Ar
tillery, spent yesterday at his home in
this city. He has been admitted, after
examination, to an officers training
school
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
o B I T U A R Y
MRS. CARRIE WOOD FORD

Mrs. Carrie Wood Ford. age 43
years. died yesterday at her late resi-
dence, Baltimore Highlands.
Death was due to pneumonia, after
an attack of influenza. She was the
wife of Horace Ford. and former
resident of Eastport, later of Annapo-
lis, where she lived two years ago
on Prince George street
Besides her husband she is survived
by five daughters, one an infant five
weeks old, and son in France, Mil
ton Wells Ford. Her daughters are,
Misses Alto, Mabel, Elizabeth and
Katherine Ford. the infant not hav-
ing been baptized
The funeral service will be held
at her late residence. and the body
will be brought to Annapolis for bur-
ial on Monday afternoon in st. Anne's
cemetery
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
LOCAL BOY SCOUTS
ARE VICTORY BOYS

At melting of Troop 2, Boy Scouts.
last night. the Victory Boy plan for
raising funds for the United War Work
Campaign was explained by Major
Hugh r. Riley, who has the matter in
charge for the county. Every member
present, fourteen, agreed TO try TO
raise at least five dollars by mis- own
work for the cause. 1t is to be obtain
ed within eight months. An effort will
be made to have every boy in the
county become Victory Boy by agree
ing to raise from 81 to $40 in this
WAY
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
HOLIDAY SCHOOL
OPENS MONDAY

The Holiday school, a private
school of which Miss Lucy Holiday
is principal, will open on Monday at
the school rooms on Charles street.
This school has been closed, like all
others, since the health restrictions
were placed on account of the FLU"
epidemic.
The school rooms have been fumi-
gated and made perfectly sanitary al
though there was little, if any sick
ness among the pupils of the Holiday
school during the prevalence of in
fiuenZa.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
-----0o--------
sTHE BLOOM OF MANHOOD"

This is the subject of the sermon at
the morning worship of the College
Avenue Baptist Church. The theme
for the Evening Service is ''Solomon's
Choice"
The pastor, Rev DR.. John s. Sewers,
will preach at both hours and cor
dial invitation is extended to the pub
lie, especially to all enlisted men.
Mems Bible Glass NETS at 10 a. m.
Visit the class and you will become a
member
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
CUNNING SEASON
OPENS ON NOV. IL
Legal Opening Day, The Tenth. Falls
On Sunday This Year. ASS
Licenses Issued

The cunning esason for the shooting
of rabbits, partridges, pheasants,
woodcock, squirrels and wild turkey
will open in Anne Arundel county
November IL and close December "a.
The actual date of opening is No
vember 10, which this year falls on
Sunday, and the esason for cunning
will actually open on Monday. No
vember IL, as it is unlawful to gun on
Sunday.
To date the Clerk of the Court. W.
w Woodward. has issued ass cunning
licenses for Anne Arundel, which in
cIudes non-residents. A rush for Ii
censes is expected next week.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
WINFIELD RUSSELL
GASSED IN TRENCHES
Also Had Influenza. But Writes That
He Is Well And Ready
For Duty

Winfield Russell, of the Machine
Gun Company. of the 115th Infantry,
has written to his parents, Mr. ana
Mrs. Edward Russell. of Murray Ave
nue.. this city, that he has had a dose
of the Hun mustard gas, and has also
had influenza. The combination has
put him in the hospital, but he is now
much better. and expected to return
to duty in a few days, when the letter
was written Quite number OF the
BOYS of the Machine Gun Company
have spoken of the gas coming their
way of late, but it is believed that
there were no fatalities.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
RESIGNS EASTPORT PASTORATE

tor of College Avenue Baptist Church,
has resigned the pastorate of the East
port Baptist Church, and all Baptist
county work entailed.
Dr. Sewers took this step because
the work aside from the city church
was of too wide a scope, and he could
not fulfill all the duties the city and
county work ent allied
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
sTHE LOURNEY OF LIFE.

At the First Presbyterian Church
tomorrow, the pastor, Rev. Maurice S.
White, will preach in the morning of
the theme, Elisha Healing the Spring
of Jericho" and in the evening, on
THE Journey of Life"
Soldiers, sailors, marines, and S. A.
T. C. college students and others are
welcome.
Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910-1922, 1918-11-02
ST. JOHNS A. T. c.
GETS NEW RIFLES

A consignment of rifles has been re-
ceived for the use of the S. A T. c.,
of st. Johns. They were made by
the Westinghouse Company for the
Russian Army, but were commander
ed by this Government They use the
same ammunition as the regular
rife in use in our service.