davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1918-06-16

back to his home After that he will sure
ly be taken care of.
A sympathetic understanding of this
state Of the war-cripple's mind is essential
to any effective plan for giving him help.
But he must be weaned from it. He must
be taught that he can again become
useful and self-suppOrting citizen. indie
pendent Of any sort OF eleemosynary aid.
Study of the subject in its practical as
pects has proved that four out of every
five men who have suffered amputatiOns
may be enabled by suitable training to earn
a good living. OF the remainder, three out
of four can earn livelihood in special
workshops.
From the outset the war-cripple must
have a clear idea that what he is doing
will assure him means of subsistence. The
best exercise for the development and i'm
provement OF his bodily powers is fur
nished by work in the line of his proposed
occupation. An object Importantly sought
is to redevelOp the power of the stump
muscles and the mobility Of the joints.
When a man has lost his right arm, the
left must be taught to take its place. EI-
ercises in cutting out squares and Ovals
from sheets of thin copper are found most
useful for this purpose. After five or six
weeks Of training most men are able to
use the left hand and arm reasonably we'll
certain amount of clumsiness remains,
but it is gradually overcome
The Washington times., 1918-06-16

vantage. We will prepare you for a job
at which you can earn as much as in your
former employment. In the meantime
your family will be taken care OF, and you
will be provided, at the Governments ex-
pense, with an artificial limb so cleverly
constructed that a stranger would not
know you wore IT,"
The problem of the war-cripple is thai
Of making a man over. He must, to begin
with, be physically rehabilitated. This
means that he must be persuaded to eXer-
else his muscles, and to learn to use as
advantageOusly as possible the bodily
powers remaining to him. No crutches, If
it is possible for him to get along without
them; and, IL he uses them for a while. he
must drop them at the earliest practicable
moment
cane is used instead-a stick the
length of an ordinary cane. with a handle
projecting at a right-angle forward. Elk
tending upward from the handle is steel
spring IA inches long. with a curved arm
piece at the top which fits beneath the
arm. II is d sort of Crutch-stick, but not q
crutch
As his power TO work increases, the war
cripple ceases to think so much Of himself
as a manned man. He begins to think OF
what he will be able to do; and right there
he makes a most important step. For. to
the wounded soldier, the first realization
that he is crippled is a frightful shock. He
Copyright, 1918 by the Star COmpa
The Washington times., 1918-06-16
The Natural Grip of the Artificial
Hand Makes the Handling
of a Saw Quite Simple

The man with stiff wrist is set to work
with hammer. If the elbow or shoulder
be involved. he is required to use a saw.
II his fingers are disabled some task is
given him in which the employment Of
finer and more complicated tools Is de-
manded. In hospital workshops war-crip-
pies find satisfactory and Cfor themselVes)
beneficial occupation in making ingenious
splints and other devices for the restora-
ton Of wounded comrades.
Presently the war-cripple in training
finds himself realizing that, though MAIN
ed, he can do things. Though not yet dis
missed from the hospital, there is demand
for his labor. For, be it understood. hos
pital requires the use Of many trades for
its own operation. It needs blacksmiths.
tailors, painters. bOotmakers. saddlers.
typesetters and other artisans.
In connection with the typical modern
military hospital there is a series of small
workshops established, in which many.
trades are carried on. War-cripples are
employed in these shops, and are cured
by the work they do. Their cure is hast
ened by the fact that the exercises are
economically prOductive-not like gym
nasium work. The mind. as well as the
body, is stimulated
Among the occupations taught are
those of automobile mechanics, chauffeurs
discriminating (for men minus arms or
blind), carpentry and joinery Cincluding
the manufacture of small furniture), tin
smithing. slipper-making, pottery-making
Fl a 60,
working and the making and repairing Of
shoes. Special courses are given in type
writing. stenOgraphy and bookkeeping.
The men are paid for the work they do.
This is an allimportant point They are
made to feel that they can earn money
When. the war-cripple's training is COM
pleted, he will be established in the in
dustry he has been taught. provided with
an outfit. and furnished with an adequate
stock of raw material He will. there
after. be visited regularly; his work will
be supervised, and help will be given him
to market his product
Lots Of people with artificial legs are not
suspected Of it by strangers and casual &C
quaintances. who suppose that they are
merely lame. There are in this country
hundreds Of factories devoted to the pro
duction OF false limbs; and, to one who
visits an establishment Of the sort, the
stacks Of legs and arms seen here and
there present rather grewsome spectacle,
suggesting the surgical aftermath Of a bat.
tlefeld
During the Civil War amputations Of
arms and legs were so common that real
limbs were often seen in piles outside of
a tent hospital in the field Horrible?
Yes. indeed. But, happily. the surgical art
mas so far advanced in the last half cen
tury thanks chiefly to antiseptic methodist
that amputations are now comparatively
rare.
The Washington times., 1918-06-16

feels that worse than death has come to
him. It means the loss Of all that makes
life livable. Pictures arise in his mind Of
beggars and neutrality-suspicious..
The problem Of dealing with the new
made war-cripple Is in no small measure
psychologist. His expectation of future
helplessness must be fought from the
start. Unless it can be proved to him that
there is enjoyment ahead, little can be
done to help him. Why should he work?
Why even live? What is he to live for
anyway?
This idea OF helplessness must be
tackled right of. Over there it is assailed
with moving pictures Of crippled men en-
gagged in normal pursuits and having no
end of a good time. They are shown dane
ing, skating, padding canoes. swimming,
playing billiards, rolling cigarettes, etc.
Another point in the psychology of the
war-cripple is his impulse to rest upon
his laurels.' After all he has been through
future work does not seem an immediate
responsibility. He has fought for his coun-
try; he has become crippled for his coun-
try; and now he has a right to expect
that his country will look after him.
AS he views the matter, there will be
pensions, and perhaps easy government po-
sitiOns reserved for war-cripples. He lit
tie realizes how many candidates there
will be for such positions. For the time
being he thinks Of little else than getting
y. Great Britain Rights Reserved.
The Washington times., 1918-06-16
By Rene Bache

T Uncle SAM is getting up something
entirely new in the way of movies"
The performers will be soldiers who
have lost one or both legs and the films
will be designed to show just how well they
are able to walk with the help of artificial
limbs.
In such matters, this or that detail may
escape observation. even by the expert
eye; but the Photographic film is search
ing and unprejudiced, and it can be run"
over and over again for the correction OF
first Impressions. Furthermore. it serves
as a permanent record that can be filed.
What Kind or make Of artificial leg
taking it all around. does the best work?
What devices Of the sort for walking are
best adapted for this or that amputation?
There are many others. including not
few of minor importance, that the motion
pictures are expected to settle.
How about going upstairs with a false
leg? How about climbing a hill? These
problems are to be worked out with the
aid of movies" in which crippled soldiers
will be shown mounting flights of steps
constructed for the purpose. or ascending
inclined planes of known degrees Of slope.
Although our experience of warfare has
been small relatively to that of European
nations, the artificial leg Of American
manufacture is the best in the world. At
all events, our War Department is of that
opinion. The only thing II cannot door
any other false leg, indeed, is to climb
stairs. When bent at the knee it has no
ha drau nm
by the good leg, step by step.
But to the soldier who has lost an arm.
a satisfactory substitute is ordinarily Of
far more Importance than is an artificial
member to the man who has lost a leg.
One may earn a living with one leg, OF
without any, but it is hard to get and keep
employment If one has not two hands.
II has often been said that whereas the
false leg is of practical value, enabling a
crippled man to walk. the false arm is OF
little use except for looks-mainly because
The hand cannot grasp. This remark is
wholly incorrect, as applying to the artifi-
~ial arms that will be available for use by
manned soldiers who come back to us
from over there.
The up-to-date artificial arm is highly
scientific instrument 1t carries at the
wrist end a steel hook that is a most clever
piece of mechanism. The wearer may use
the hook to do almost anything that
hand can do-to hold a pen for writing
TO hold a book for reading, to hold a knife
for whiting, to hold a shovel, hammer
a broom, or what not Provided with it,
man can cut up his own meat at table, or
even carve.
It is what is called utility arm" But
it is all right for looks also. A light,
wooden hand, covered by a neat glove, may
be fitted over the hook at a moments no
tice, being followed out for the purpose
The thumb is movable at will, by a cord,
The Washington times., 1918-06-16

Be Driven with Neatness and Despatch
and the elbow is controlled by a harness
that passes over the shoulder, so that the
wearer. even though he have only short
stump left. can lift his hat to a lady.
Now. the French, in trying to make the
war cripple industrially serviceable. have
specialized in a somewhat different line
Commonly they furnish him not with an
artificial arm, properly so called, but with
mechanical devices which. when attached
to the stump, will enable him to do this or
that kind of work. II he has knowledge OF
carpentry. for example the contrivance
will be of a kind that will serve as grasp
for carpenters tools.
This might be called a "work-arm."
distinguished from an artificial arm It
has a socket specially designed TO hold
tools. and is adjusted to the amputated
stump by a leather cuff and straps II
may be designed for holding machinist's
tools, agricultural implements, a grip for
the plumbers use. letter-bag for a mail
carrier. or a combination grip and hook
for packing and shipping work.
Sooner or later it is likely to be found
expedient to adopt for each occupation.
almost, a special working hand provided
with the necessary implements In many
cases it has proved practicable to furnish
crippled men with legs that enable them
to stand all day at the machinist's bench,
or while engaged in other labor
Essentials demanded Of a work arm are
that It shall be simple strong. though
light. easy to repair and attachable in such
a way as to make It one with the stump
It must not be a cause of trouble OF "a
tigue. but help and comfort
In case of injury to the hand. where only
one finger is left. an ingenious apparatus
furnishes an artificial thumb, enabling the
wearer to grasp objects II only the thumb
remains, a modification OF the device pro-
vides an artificial finger. serving an equiv
alent purpose.
Hitherto in history. after every war. the
Cripples, partly or totally disabled. have
been left to their own resources. perhaps
with small pension to help them in exc
ing out precarious livelihood. Many have
become casual workers, perilously near to
the verge Of mendicancy. After the close
Of our own civil war crippled soldiers
we're commonly seen on the streets with
hand-organs, or as ordinary beggars.
Eventually these-or those Of them who
survived-were gathered up and consigned
to old soldiers homes where helped bv
pensions, they pursued las many of them
still pursue to this day. an existence Of
dOleful idleness. But the whole idea was
a mistake, and we are not going to repeat
it, We are going to make the war-cripple
of Armageddon a self-supporting, seIf-re-
specting and therefore happy man. He is
to be restored to useful citizenship.
To the war-cripple Uncle Sam will say:
I'VE propose so to train you that your
handicap will not prove a serious disad-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-02-19
EVERYTHING HAD
 AN UPWARD TREND
Wall Street Took the Bright Side of Things and Held
 All Advances

New York, February 1S.-Constructive home developments over the week-end' notably the subsistence of the shipbuild- CTS strike and the large earnings re- ported by several important industrial companies, more than nullified what was regarded as discouraging news from abroad in today's stock market.
 Investment rails, shippings, representa- tive equipments and numerous war con tract shares were encompassed in broad movement at substantial advances, while some speculative issues were even stronger.
 Announcement that Ccngresais to de- vote this week to the railroad control Dill and reassuring trade advices from west ern and other trade centers were among the additional helpful factors of. the day
 Much of the. jnquiry for stocks ema- mated from commission houses, indlcat- ing revival of public interest, but the shorts were helpful in the advance, GOV ering extensively in certain issues ie gently under press.
 Over half a score of rails, including low priced western and southern shares registered gains of to ? points, Pacifics and coaIers again furnishing the stimu- lus.
 Money on call and time was tighter' the rate for the latter holding at per cent bid, with few offerings.
 All classes of bonds were strong, the several liberty issues supplementlng last weeks rally Total sales, par value aggregated 5,925, Oo
 Old United States bonds unchanged on
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-02-19
RESERVE STOCK IS
 SOUGHT IN GRAIN
Large Insight Receipts Fail to Put a Damper on the
 Cotton Outlook

Chicago, February 1S.--Corn aver aged higher today owing more or less
 to efforts to accumulate reserve stocks
 here before farmers become busy with feild work. The close, however was
 unsettled, March s1.27ss and May. s1.26as, with the final range Sc off
 to like advance, compared with Sat
 urday's latest figures Oats gained ssc to X 6Ac net. The outcome in
 provisions varied from 17c decline -o a rise of 7c.
 Despite a big increase of arrivals,
 the corn market pointed upward
 throughout nearly the entire session. It was realized that but a short tune remains until spring work by produc-
 CTS might sharply restrict the crop
 movement. Predictions of stormy weather within the next S6 hours em-
 phasized bullish sentiment, and so. too, did the fact that millers were ab- sorbing choice grades. Reports were current that as high as s2 a bushel had been paid for extra good white corn suitable for milling.
 Near the end of the day, though
 prices tended somewhat to relax owing to assertions that 100000 cars had been concentrated in the middle west and that daily movement of 100000 to (, 1000. 900 bushels was under way.
 Oats ascended to new top records for
 the season. Urgent bidding from tha east was chiefly responsible. bulge in hog products. gave strength to provisions. Subsequently,
 realizing sales brought about set- back.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-02-19
New York Futures
New Orleans Cotton

New Orleans, February 1S-The strength of spots held the cotton mar ket steady at a small advance today in the face of considerable rain in Texas which was regarded as extremely bene- ficial in connection with the new crop After decline of 5 to s points on the opening call, values moved up to a rise of 6 to IA points over Saturdays close Last prices were at net decline
 Spots were marked up 25 points to 3o.63c for middling. which compared to 2e40c as the high price on March Thursday is the first notice day for March deliveries and market gossip is to the effect that March longs will de- mand cotton for their contracts This, together with the fact that this week will end Thursday, caused more or less nervousness among shorts which led to covering. Friday, MasEingtons birthday, is legal holiday in this market, and today the exchange decided that the short Saturday session would not be held
 No real selling pressure developed at any time. and while the long side was not aggressive the ring found difficulty in filling the demand.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-02-19
COTTON RANGED IN
 NARROW DEALINGS
Southern Spots Are Still Bearish and Refused to
 Be Pushed Lower

New York, February 1S.--The cotton market was quiet and fluctuations were irregular within range of 10 or 15 points. May deliveries sold up from 20 6sc to 29.S4c, and closed at 29.7S with the gen. points higher.
 The market had rather an irregular opening, first prices being points lower to , points higher. with the more active months selling f to points under Sat urday's final figures owing to private reports of rain in the southwest These rains were not shown on the weather map, but probably inspired some selling during the early trading, although they made little impression on sentiment and |after selling off to 3O.15c for March and 2916c for July, the market frmed up on Liverpool trade buying and covering The western belt forecast showed no prospect for and general breaking of the drouth and the rally was promoted by the bullish average of southern spot ad- vices and the talk of reduced acreage March sold up to S0.30c and July to 2931c, with the general list showing net auNdhSSS OL V to II pOliitS rldle III the morning. Demand then -tapered off and the market was very quiet later in the day with fluctuations irregular
 A Japanese firm in the southwest is- sued a report saying that while it is too early for definite opinion, present prospects point to reduction rather than an increase In cotton acreage this sea- son. Buying was also encouraged by re- ports that arrangements had been made to supply the New England states with coal to operate on full time
 No change was noted in the general average of southern spot advices and in the absence of general business local brokers said that future were taking their tone very largely from the spot sit- u5tion.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-02-19
Hubbard Bros Letter

New York, February 1S.--(Special.) ) Rains have fallen in many places in central and southern Texas so private telegrams report. Two inches at Tay- Tor and still raining at noon; Temple reports one inch, while from other towns rains are reported without giv- ing the rainfall. Curiously enough, these rains have not yet been off cially reported.
 At the opening there was outside selling on these reports, which was absorbed by Liverpool buying orders on the improvement abroad Our local operators felt that on the decline of last week a short interest had been created at time when the spinne~s could be expected to become buyers because of the probable relief in the coal situation in the east. where the bins are bare of coal. It was their idea that this demand would bring about such covering as would advance prices. They still look for it to come before Washingtons birthday. re-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-02-19

lambs, s14Q1775; ewes, s1o. .5O9l2; wethers,
 s11. 50d13 .25: canners and choppers, $6q9.
 Kansas City, February 1s-Hogs: Re
 ceipts, l1.00o; market, higher; bulk. $l6. .6t
 G16.sg heavy, $1675d1s.9o; packers and butchers, s16 .75@169 90; light, s1s.eeql6. s5 pigs sl3a15.7o.
 Cattle: Receipts, 13oO0; market higher prime fed steers $12. .5GdI13 IS; dressed beef steers. s11. 25d12 .S5; southern steers
 $7.5Od10; cows, $7@lo75; heifers, s7.2Sa 11.75; stockers and feeders, sI .5oq1e; bulls
 S7. 50@10.75; calves. s7n12. 65. Sheep: Receipts, coco; market lower lambs, $l6Q16 50; wethers, Sl150Q 13. 50 ewes, s11 .256l12. 5o
 Chicago, February 1S.-Hogs: Receipts 45.000; market, strong; bulk, $l6. SCOTT light $16 .55d117 .10 mixed, sl6S0117 10
 heavy, $l6. 90Ql7: rough, st6. 30q16.50; pigs
 SIS. 25d16.25.
 Cattle: Receipts, 1500; market, firm; na tive Ateers, $s .3o6113 .S5; stockers and feed CTS, $7. 75d10. 60; cows and heifers, 6.40d Ii. 70: calves, $s.2591S50. Sheep: Receipts, 2o000; market, weak
 sheep, s9,75@1S.aO; lambs, slS.75@16.6S.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-02-19

Chicago, February 1S.-Butter steady; creamery, 44G49c Eggs lower; receipts, 1862 cases; frsts. 62c: ordinary firsts.
 i9@5Oc; at mark. cases included, 60961c. Potatoes lower; receipts, 5S cars; Wis., consin, Michigan and Minnesota, bulk, S. .9oq2; in sacks, $l.95@26. Poultry, alive, higher; springs, soc; fowls not quoted.
 New York. February 1S--Butter steady; receipts. 6325; creamery, higher than ex-
 tras, 521a@53c; creamery, extras, 92 score, 52c; firsts. 4sa5liac Eggs nervous; re- ceipts, BAGS; fresh gathered, extras. 62MI
 63c; extra firsts, 62c; firsts, 611ac. Cheese
 steady; receipts. 9s0; state whole milk flats, held specials, 26@261sc: state whole
 milk flats, average run, 2514Q26c. Dressed poultry firm chickens, 2IGSSc; fowls,
 27@35c; turkeys, 24@3sc. Poultry. alive firm; fowls. 36c roosters young, Sc; old, 27c; turkeys, 3Sc
 l St. Louis, February 1S.-Poultry Springs, soc: turkeys, 27c: ducks, soc;
 geese. 2s925c. Butter; Creamery 5O@5o1ac, Eggs, 51a51hc.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-02-19
Over w. E. Campbelrs Wire

New Orleans, February 1S.-Rains in Texas failed to give the cotton market any selling power today and during almost the entire session prices held steady at a small advance. Spots were marked up 25 points and here was the secret of strength shown; the trade was impressed with the bullishness of 1 spot situation and by the continus- rumors that longs will demand cotton l for their contracts in March first no- | tice day for which is Thursday of this week So far as the Texas rains are concerned we have received informa-
 tion by wire, which pretty well covers | tho entire state. and while some sec- tions have received soaking rains, there are other portions of the state, and in the heaviest producing area at thsA, which still need moisture. An other thing, it can hardly be expected ! that shower or two can put the soil l in the condition it would be In if nor l nal winter rainfall had been expe- rfenced. There was a disposition inen- lifest in some quarters to exaggerate the benefits to Texas from the raips over the weekend, but we are glad | to say that the market was able to stick to the facts in the case.
 Momentarily on the opening prices were to points off, but this was quickly recovered and the market went
 | to a net rise of to IA points. standing well Up toward the top late in the day. Shorts arc nervous and inclined to cover over the triple holidays begin ming Friday. We believe advances are ] imminent and think cotton should be
 bought on all declines.--Shepard & Cluck.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-02-19
Bonds
Money Market

New York, February s.-Mercantile pa- per, 51aa5N per cent; sterling 6o-day bills, 472A per cent: commercial 60-day bills on banks, 4.72 per cent; commercial 6o-day bills. 4.71h per cent: demand, 475A per cent; cables. 476 7-16 per cent. Bar silver. S5ss per cent. Time loans strong; 60 days, 90 days and six months. . ger cent bid. Call money firm: hish. per cent; low. 5s4 per cent; ruling rafe per cent; closed. 5N@6 per cent: last loan per cent. Francs: Demand, 572K per cent; cables, 5.7o3s per cent. Builders: Demand. 4sK per cent; cables, AZ per cent Lires: Demand. S.s7i5 per cent: ca bles. ses34 per cent. Rubles: Demand 1s per cent; cables, 13h per cent. nomi- nal. Mexican dollars. 6c. Government and railroad bonds strong.
 London. February 1S.-Bar silver. l2xd