El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-01-05

AO-,G the minor mechanical
n parts OF the modern motor car.
= - the bearings are about the most
efficient and hard working. In addi-
ton TO the normal burdens that they
are called upon TO bear, the bearings
generally have to stand for a lament
able amount Of passive abuse from
the car owners. It is not that said
owner does them any active injury,
but simply that he fails to give them
the care they need to keep them per
forming their work as they should
and viii il given a chance.
Bearings may be divided into three
main classes. plain. ball and roller.
the names IN themselves describing
the types with considerable accuracy.
These various types Of bearings have
fairly distinct fields OF usefulness.
The first class Of plain bearings IS
used for engine crankshafts and con-
Meeting rods on practically every
American motor vehicle. In European
practice ball bearings have been
somewhat used for this service. but
the idea has never gained a perma-
neut place IN American design Mod
ern plain bearings consist Of a cyIin-
der open at both ends and split down
the sides. The cylinder Is usually OF
bronze composition with q lining OF
oabbitt- soft metal on which the
shaft rests The babbitt and bronze
are locked together beyond danger of
being iooseaed. Grooves are gener-
ally cut IN the babbitt to permit OF
even distribution Of oil These plain
30 naf
ports for the crankshaft and for the
connecting rod lower ends.
Obviously complete and copious lu-
brication is the life Of a bearing Of
this kind. II oil is not present. the
shaft rotating at high speed against
the metal. generates heat because Of
the friction and the soft metal IS
quickly melted. the bearing seizes and
the car owner is in for trouble.
Frequently some Of these plain
bearings will become a little worn,
that is the shaft gains a little play
and the result Is a knock. When
knock develops in the connecting rod
bearing, this may be taken up by
means Of shims so as to eliminate the
play OF the shaft and consequently
cure the knock. Shims are strips OF
metal fitting between the halves Of
the bearing, which may be filed down
made Just a little smaller. Another
type OF shin known as a Eliminated
one, Is made In a number Of layers
and the removal Of one or more of
the leaves takes up the bearing.
There Is another type Of plain bear
ing. which consists OF a simple bronze
cylinder without the soft metal lin
ing. These are sometimes called
bushings and they are generally used
/ al 81 -~wwarHFTn- rnd In
the clutch. on the brake pedals. etc
The second class Of bearings. ball
bearings. consist OF steel balls re-
volving between two holders or ra"~s-
For flexibility and ease Of operation
the BAH bearing Is far in the lead, and
Is used wherever these qualities are
the principal need. BAH bearings also
have the advantage Of consuming
very little Of the power passing
through them.
Ball bearings are OF more than one
type Some OF these parts. having
races IN the form OF rings are known
as annular bearings. Another type
has a holder or race L shaped with
curved sides facing the balls. These
are known as cup and cone bearings.
and the principal advantage OF the
type is that II Is adjusta bic. while the
annular bearing Is not Ball bearings
are also classified according 10 the
way in which they carry their loads
as radlal or thrust the titles being
| fairly descriptive. In certain cases
a bearing may be built TO Withstand
both radiaI and thrust load. One fur
Z Their classification must be made
/ among ball bearings and this time as
/ to whether they have one or two rows
! OF balls.
Obviously ball bearings must be
I very accurately manufactured to have
/ them function properly. II follows
/ then that they must be properly cared
l for to keep them performing their
/ onerous task as they are intended 10
I do. When II Is realized that the steel
Z halls in a bearing must not vary
l more than 1-1O.00Oth Of an inch. the
4 point becomes clear. II one Of the
} balls wears even a little, so that a re-
placement is necessary. the only safe
Z way is 70 install = complete new SET