davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1918-07-12

True translation filed with the
post master az Winona, Mimi, on
July II, 1918, as required by the
Act Of Congress Oct., 6, 1917.
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1918-07-12

True translation filed with the
post master at Winona, Mimi, on
July II, 1918, as required by the
| Act of Congress- Oct. G.. 1917.
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1918-07-12

True translation filed with the
post master at Winona, Minn., on
July II, 1918, as required by the
Act Of Congress Oct, 6, 1917.
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1918-07-12

True translation filed with the
post master at Winona, Mimi, oD
July II, 1918, as required by the
Act Of Congress Oct., 6, 1917.
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1918-07-12

True translation filed with the
post master at Winona, Mimi, on
July II, 1918, as required by the
Act Of Congress Oct.. 6, 1917.
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1918-07-12

Jcdyna opcracya infanteryi W
przeciagu minionych "a godzin w
kt0rej zdobyto gruntal ktorej
t}onoSi marszalek polny Haig mia
Ia micjscc Ia flandryjskim fron--
Gle gdzie Anglicy posuwali swe
!inie powoli nicdaleko Nerris. To
polepesza pozycyc kt6re os}aniaja
sic do Hazebrouck pole czenia ko-
lcjowego po "a lasem, nieustan--
ne posiadanic ktoreso jest konie-
cznie pot:zebne by podtrzymac IL
nic angielskar Ia froncie Yprcs.
True translation filed with the
post master at Winona, Mimi, on
July II. 1913 as required by the
Act of CONGRESS- Oct.. 6. 1917.
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1918-07-12

True translation. filed with the
post master at Winona, Mimi, on
July II, 1918, as required by the
Act of Congress Oct, 6, 1917.
M0HAXlMEp 0 ! { Y ; ! VI u SUE. 81 +
l. AN IAs
Wiarus. (Winona, Minn.) 1895-1919, 1918-07-12

True translation filed with the
post master at Winona, Minn., on
July II, 1918, as required by the
Act Of Congress Oct., 6, 1917. .
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
HAS SAILED BY NOW
GENE LOWELL WRITES HIS MOTH
Err OF FIRST EASTERN IMPRESS
SIONS.-A BIG CAMP.
Camp Merritt, N. j., Feb. 20, 1918.

Camp Merritt, N. j., Feb 20, 1918.
Mrs. Al. Lowell,
Lancaster, Wis,
Dear Mother:
How are you getting along by this
time? I am feeling fine tonight but
had a headache all day Did you get
the letter [ sent you from Waco, Tex
as?
We left Waco two weeks ago yester-
day and were five days on the road
We certainly went through some fine
country on the way This is a great
camp compared with Camp Macarthur
There we had to live in tents and
freeze when it was cold but here we
have two-story barracks. There are
between so and so men in each bar
rack.
/ don't know how long we will stay
here but hope it isn't for long for the
sooner we get cover there" the sooner
we will get back.
We are not allowed to leave camp
without pass. Each man is allowed
a l hour pass as his turn comes. Joe
Turner and l had a pass last Thurs
day and went to New York City and
took in the sights
How are dad and the kids getting
along by this time?
| suppose it is still pretty cold in that
country.
I took out a 100000 life insurance
policy some time ago in Harold's
name. I am going to take out an al
lotment tomorrow for $500 but am
going to send it to the bank.
Well I guess I will have to close for
this time. Hoping to hear from you
soon, I remain as ever your son,
Gene
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
LAWRENCE COLLEGE LEADS
STATE BASKETBALL TEAMS.

Lawrence college defeated Stevens
Point Saturday night and won the
championship of Wisconsin among the
college teams. Lawrence has won
four out of six games played in the
inter collegiate circuit worsting Mar
quette, Oshkosh, Ripon and Stevens
Point. 1t lost a game to Ripon and
one to Marquette. Donald Dyer of
this city, plays forward on the team,
being the first freshman to make the
first team. Young Dyer is the first
Lancaster boy to win first team honors
since Warren Gelbach made the Var
sity football team in 1903.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
EXAMINE 786 MEN
MEDICAL BOARD COMPLETED IT'S
LABORS LAST WEDNESDAY
EVENING THE DIVISIONS

1876 men were examined by the med
ical board for Grant county up to last
Wednesday evening when the work
was completed The subdivisions are
as follows.
Accepted 493.
Sent to district board of examiners
at Platteville 282.
Reflections II.
Total 786.
81 registrants applied for transfer
Of examination to other places. These
transfers went east as far as New
York and west as far as Arizona.
These men were all Grant county
registrants.
w. A. Johnson, clerk Of the board
furnishes some interesting figures on
the examination.
The lightest man was Sam Kouri
formerly Of Bloomington, but now of
Wilburton, Okla. He weighs 10Y lbs.
The heaviest man examined was Har-
vey DiVan Of Montfort Harvey tips
the beam at 258K-nearly three times
as heavy as Samuel.
Arthur Jentz of Platteville was the
shortest. Mr. Jentz is Sc inches from
terra firma. John H. Herold of Bag
ley is the tallest man in Glass 1. Mr..
Herold is six feet, six and one-quar-
ter inches high.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
ROAD PLANS FOR 1918
HIGHWAY COMMITTEE ADOPTS
PROGRAM FOR NEXT YEAR.
CONSTRUCTION CURTAILED.

At the Wednesday meeting of the
county highway committee the follow
ing program for 1918 road work was
unanimously adopted:
Ellenboro, 100000, Federal pro
ject, important road.
Wyalusing, $1,876.85, State Trunk
Line, unfinished job.
Marion, $4,20O0O, State Trunk Line,
important road
Liberty and No Lancaster, $6,055.8O,
State Trunk Line, very necessary.
South Lancaster, S1,57500 State
Trunk Line, job started.
Beetown, $1,266.75, an unfinished
job.
Bloomington, $1,62965, important
road, bad condition.
Hazel Green, $1,4634O, important
road in bad condition.
Little Grant, $1,7S5.OO, an unfnish-
ed job.
Lima, $1,2676O, bad hill needs i'm
proving.
Millville and Woodman, $656.40, bad
hill, needs improving. Donation Of
fered.
Mt Hope, $883.8O, an unfinished
job
Platteville, 1888, important road.
City will put in $1,000 more.
smelser, 1,542.5O, job nearly done.
5 cars rock needed.
Montfort, $1,752.7C, grading done. "a
cars rock needed.
Potosi, 883O1, grading and quarry
ing done. Machinery on job.
To be in keeping with resolution
adopted by the state council of de-
tense curtailing road construction so
that men and teams could be released
for food production but at the same
time conduct the necessary maintain
ance and construction for the year,
the local committee has accordingly
laid it's plans for 1918.
The plan must be approved by the
state highway commission to become
effective.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
ROAD COMMITTEE NAMES
IL HIGHWAY PATROLMEN

The hiring Of patrolmen for the state
trunk lines in Grant county took
place at the road committee meeting
held last Wednesday afternoon AS
previously stated the county will fur
nish tools the patrolmen their time
and a horse and wagon each. The
compensation is $125 monthly. To
handle this important work next year
are:
Section Fired Eggers, Dubuque
&C. H. Loveland, Cuba City.
3-George Bray, Georgetown.
4-Henning Wolf, Platteville
5-Chas. Roesch, Lancaster
George Wetter, Lancaster
7-Magnus Broaden, Fennimore
8-John Foner, BOscobel
ernest Schaudt, Livingston
10-Charles H. Smith, Sitter
Hilary Braudt, Mt Hope
12-Olaf Moe, Bridgeport
The sections are practically nine
miles long and adjacent to each ap-
pointee. Work will commence on or
before May 1, and last until snowfall
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
MET AWFUL DEATHS
KEROSENE EXPLOSION WREAKS
HAVOC IN FENNIMORE HOME
A DOUBLE FUNERAL.

Miss Charlotte Gerhardt of Fenni-
more was burned to death at her
home Sunday morning at about 1880
o'clock, due to an explosion. Miss
Gerhardt was building the kitchen
fire and upon pouring kerosene on
the fame an explosion occurred. She
started for her fathers room adjoin-
ing the kitchen but was met by him
in the doorway where she dropped
dead, burned to a crisp. In trying to
eXtinguish the flames Mr. Gerhardt
was so badly burned that his death
also occurred short time later.
Miss Dorothy Gerhardt a sister, was
also badly burned about the hands.
John Gerhardt, the father, died Mon
day at 80 a. m.
The double funeral will be held to-
day at Sitter The floor in front of
the stove was badly burned but the
fire was put out before much damage
to the house had been done. The Ger
hardt family lived over the postoffice.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
Y A DAY OF INTEREST
HIGH SCHOOL FACULTY GIVE
WORTHWHILE DEMONSTRA-
TION OF SCHOOL WORK, ETC.

The meeting Of the Parent Teachers
Club at the high school last Thursday
afternoon was one of the most inter
esting Of the year A demonstration
of the work Of the Commercial depart
ment, which included the skillful OPP
Grafton of typewriters in unison by
eight high school students was a feat
ure. The work of the department was
explained by Miss Belts, the teacher,
and made a most favorable impress
sion. A talk by Miss Martha Erdman,
professional school nurse, sent out
by the anti-tuberculosis society, who
is making health survey of the Ian
caster schools, was listened to with
keenest interest. Miss Erdman ex-
planned in detail the work of the pro-
fessiOnal school nurse, and the prac-
teal results in improved health con-
ditiOns that county nurses are show
ing in every county where they are
employed. The school nurse pays for
herself time and time again by the
checking of epidemics, which are the
dread of every parent and teacher.
The safeguarding of the health of
the civilian population and especially
of the younger generation, upon whom
depend the future, has assumed great
er Importance than ever before the
opinion of humanitarians and econo-
mists being that this form of waste
must be eliminated as nearly as pos
sible, as a war measure. For this
reason Councils of Defense are urging
the employment of one or more coun-
ty nurses.
Miss Erdman was followed by Co..
Supt. Bray who spoke of the need for
a county nurse in Grant county, and
backed up his statements by showing
some highly interesting charts made
in various schools in the county. The
charts showed the grading of schools
according to ages, and in nearly every
case investigated, where a child was
retarded more than one year, the re-
tardation was found to be due to phys
ical defects that could have been cor
rected. Mr.. Bray quoted figures given
him by a member of the medical adj
visOry board at PlattevilIe to show
the large number Of young men re
jected from service from this county
for tuberculosis, a condition that right
living can correct nine times out Of
ten when taken in time. Mr.. Bray
pointed out that had county nurse
been an established institution in this
county, this condition might not have
prevailed so extensively.
Musical numbers were given by
Miss Mary Warren and the girls OF
the teachers training course, under
the direction of Miss Glubka.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
GLEN HAVEN.

Bert Chandler spent the weekend
in Milwaukee.
L. H. Bennett and NARROW Kidd at
tended the Shorthorn show and sale
in Chicago last week.
M. N. Petry and son Conrad Frank
thinner, John Vogt Jr., and others at
tended the debate held at the college
at Prairie du Chen Thursday night
Six registered as alien enemies in
this district.
Mart Blum had a delicate and SER
ious operation performed on his eye
in Milwaukee last week. Last reports
were very favorable and we hope they
continue so.
T. S. Metcalf was a business caller
in Lancaster last Wednesday.
Mrs. E. L. Chandler and Miss ElZina
Wood were Dubuque callers the mid
die of the week.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27

Mrs. R. B. Showalter went to Mil
waukee first of the week on an ex-
tended business and pleasure trip
Mrs. F. r. Whaley Of Farview,
Mont, returned to her home yester-
day after an extended visit with the
block and Plat families.
The knitting committee of the Lam
caster Branch Of the Red Cross has
on hand limited number of knitted
articles, which will be sent to any
Lancaster boys with the colors who
have not already been supplied. The
jurisdiction of the Lancaster branch
is limited to boys whose address is
Lancaster. Upon notification by the
boys themselves, or a relative, the Red
Cross will forward the articles de-
sired direct to camps. The knitting
committee is composed of Mrs. R. B.
Showalter, Mrs. John Howe and Miss
Mary Walker.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
JOhan Karl KrOhn,

JOhan Karl Frederick Wilhelm
Krohn was born in Germany on Jan
uary IS, 1888. He was married to
Wilhelmina Carolina Friedericka
Block on April 4, 1852. They came to.
America in 1870 and located in Mil
Yankee where they remained for ten
years. In 1880 they came to Lancas-
ter and in the spring of the follow
ing year they moved on farm in Lit
tie Grant After 20 years of active
farm life they retired, moving to Ian
caster where they lived together UNI
til March 10, 1909 when his wife died
Since her death Mr.. Krohn has made
his home with his two sons. John and
Chas On February Fl, 1918 his death
occurred.
Twelve children were born to Mr.
and Mrs. Krohn, five of whom sur
vive, they are: Mary, Mrs Ed
Jeide) VIII, Chas. Albert and John.
The funeral services were held at
the Union church in Little Grant on
Monday, Feb. %. The services were
conducted by Revs. Schmidt and Har
berts of this city.
The children wish to extend their
sincere thanks to the kind friends
who assisted them in their bereave-
ment. ***
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
WEIGH AND MEASURE
WISCONSIN CHILDREN

Madison, Wis, Feb, 25.-All chill
dren in Wisconsin under six years
Of age will be weighed and measured
within sixty days, beginning April 6.
The work will be conducted by the
woman's committee. state council Of
defense, which is already engaged in
making definite plans for the state
wide inventory of the childhood Of
Wisconsin, The plan is to begin on
April 6, the anniversary of the dec
laration of war by the U. S. Many
defects that may be corrected in child
hood are expected to be discovered.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
CHOP WOOD AND HELP
SAVE NATIONS FUEL

State Fuel Administrator Fitzger-
aid urges the use of wood as sub
stitute for coal next winter. AS the
summer is required to season wood
the cutting should take place before
April, Mr.. Fitzgerald says. Mr.. Fitz-
gerald recommends organizations in
every community with committees to
handle the work Systematically. The
suggestions are excellent but will
hardly be carried out due to inertia.
Next winter the suffering is likely to
be more acute than this.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27

Miss Fern Ward fell Monday and
broke her right arm at the elbow.
Geo. J. Lengst was granted d1-
vorce from Alma Lengst. in circuit
court yesterday.
Mrs. VIM. Bass of Galena, spent
the weekend with relatives and old
friends in Lancaster.
Miss L. Thompson who has been en-
ployed at the asylum, left yesterday
for her home at Blue River.
Walter Damn left today for Van
couver Barracks, Wash, where he
enters a U. S. Engineering unit.
Albert Droullard of Cuba City, is
visiting at the Merrill Hildreth home
this week Mr. Droullard is a cousin
of Mrs. Hildreth.
Mr. and Mrs John Gangler of
Bloomington, visited at the Thos.
WEIGH home the latter part of last
week.
Miss Laura Di Vail returned to her
home in Wauzeka, yesterday after
visit with the Mccormick and Austin
families.
Mrs Scott Seymour, daughter Of
Herman Brandemuhl of this city,
died Sunday at her home in Wauzeka.
The body will be buried here today.
Marcus Baxter is in the aviation
service now in training at Champaign,
ILL., Marcus is taking eight weeks
work in the ground school expecting
to fly later.
Rolla Kinney is confined to his home
in the west part of town with measles.
Harold, Oldest son of Mr.. and Mrs.
Ora Kinney, ran a rusty nail through
his foot Sunday.
Mrs. Wilhelmina Leise, aged 81
years, died Sunday at the So. Lancas-
ter home of her son Will Leise. The
funeral was held yesterday, burial
taking place at Boice Creek.
For absent subscribers it might be
said that Grant county has had re-
markedly fine spring weather for the
past few days. Sunday was almost
like May The thaw has been general
and little snow is on the ground at
present.
Carl Woerner returned Monday ev-
ening from liberia, Ala, down on the
gulf, where he spent the winter.
While the south has had the coolest
winter in years Carl says that straw
berries are turning red now and the
pear trees are now in fruit Potatoes
we're planted three weeks ago and
corn is now being planted. Two to
three crops of all IDS are raised.
The section around liberia is settled
by Northern farmers who do we'll.
Carl expects to remain in Lancaster
this summer
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27

Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. Reed of Fenni-
more, were weekend visitors with
friends in Lancaster.
Miss Laura Johnson Of this city,
and Misses Velma and Beatrice Hick-
ok of Bloomington, returned to the
Platteville Normal, Monday, where
they are students, after spending the
weekend with relatives.
Lieut.. James Fowler arrived here
yesterday morning via Potosi, from
Ft. Riley, Kansas. Following a ten
day visit Lieut.. Fowler goes to the
aviation camp at Waco, Texas, where
he will act as aviation surgeon. Army
life has agreed with the doctor and
his weight has increased ten pounds
since leaving Lancaster. Needless to
say the Fowler family were overjoyed
to see him.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
SHE LIKES OUR PAPER

Dear Mr.. Sherman:
l am enclosing check for six dollars
to keep the Herald coming for some
time. Please change address Mrs
VIM Mccormick to Mrs. Mccormick,
901 S. 9Th Ave, Mitchell, S. Oak
We are very nicely settled here
since Dec. /, 1917 Children in school
and getting caught up with their work
after a siege of scarlet fever.
It may interest you to know that
our mail carrier is a former Glen
Haven boy, Mr.. cortland. He tells
me he has relatives at Beetown. Mrs.
H. A. Peterson. Gertrude Prior Of
Cassville) is near neighbor. Mr.. and
Mrs David Pearson were especially
good to me during our long quarant-
line There is a former Grant county
man | like very much to trade with,
Walter Sprague. He is with the larg-
est department store in our city. South
Dakota had good year in 1917.
Though like living here very much,
all Grant county people look good to
me.
Mrs Mccormick
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
BASKET BALL GAMES
OF THE PAST WEEK.

Wednesday the local Basketball
team went to Mineral Point where
they were defeated by a score of 10
to %. Thursday the boys remained in
Mineral Point as guests of the Prin-
cipal of the high school going to
Highland Friday The game at High
land also proved disastrous to the
local bunch, they going down to de-
feat to the tune of 21-16. At this
game Horace Hymer made six bas-
kets in a little over three minutes,
a feat which the people of Highland
were not accustomed to seeing. The
boys played Fennimore here Satur-
day and were victorious the score be-
ing 1910.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
= = - = . . . = =
YOU CAN BRING A SMILE
TO THE EDITOR'S FACE

Are you one of the ones who
have forgotten or neglected to
pay your subscription to the Her
: aid? Won't you please attend to
= it today?
Your account may be only $3.50
= but when there are several humid
. red such accounts you can readily
= see the lump sum is a large one.
$ You realize present prices for
. material and when you realize
8 that we have not raised the sub :
3 scription price you must see that
$ it is necessary for you to pay your
. account promptly. Won't you
$ bring or send a check today?
= 4 4 = & .: y y .
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27

Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. Allen and Knute
Knuteson, all of near Livingston were
Lancaster visitors last Wednesday,
The Aliens consulted DR.. Godfrey in
regard to an infection on one of Mrs.
Aliens fingers. The member was
mashed in wringer and refused to
heal Mr. Allen paid the Herald
pleasant visit while here
Ed. Rumpf came up from Camp
Grant on Friday and remained over
Sunday on leave. Ed is a member of
the light artillery. This unit is ex-
pected to train at Camp Robinson near
Sparta in the spring. There is an ar
tillery field at Camp Robinson. Mr..
Rumpf states that very little illness
has occurred in his regiment since
its mobilization last September and
only one death-that from nephritis
The health of the men is good and the
morale very high.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
TOWN CAUCUS RULES

According to the election law mo-
tees Of town caucuses this year shall
be posted not later than twenty days
before election. Five days later, or
fifteen days before election, the eau
Gus shall be held at which time nom
nations be made and a caucus COM
mittee elected for the next year. eau
cuses this year must be held not lat
er than March 18th but as that date
falls on Sunday caucus will have to
be held on the 18th or before.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
FARMERS RAISE WHEAT
NATION NEEDS FLOUR

The County Defense Council ur-
gently requests farmers to raise as
much wheat as possible this year. If
each Grant county farmer would plant
five acres Of spring wheat this county
would have sufficient flour for it's own
needs and much to export
The price Of wheat is guaranteed
and no loss can result. Grant county
soil is in excellent condition after
many years rest to raise abundant
wheat
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
LOCAL MEN ATTEND
STATE SWINE WEEK.

F. A. Morehouse, Thos. Holmes
Burlie DobsOn, L. d. Eastman, I. A
Vesperman, Frank Bidwell, ROIla
Rech, w. F. Alderman, W. L. Rech
and many other hog raisers of the
county attended the annual swine
show held at Madison last week. The
showing was good and the attendance
in general large. The Chester White
sale was held Wednesday followed by
the Duroc and Poland sales on Thurs
day. The sale averages were as fol-
lows:
Chester Whites
Duroc-Jersey-$87
Poland China-S11O.50.
The State Poland China Breeders
Association elected officers and ar
ranged for a Boys Pig Club in con
nection with next years swine week.
officers of the State Poland China
Breeders Association are: Pres, r.
F. Smiley, Albany; Vice Pres, F. a.
Morehouse, Lancaster; Burlie Dobson,
Lancaster, Secretary Treasurer.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
PUTS UP ICE;
PLANK HITS HEAD.

Jas. Hodoval of the town of Water
loo, met with a serious accident on
February IA. Mr.. Hodoval was en-
gagged in putting up ice when he was
struck on the head by plank which
fractured his skull. He is still in
very critical condition. A trained
nurse of Dubuque is in attendance.
DR.. ]. G. Doolittle is caring for the
injured man
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
CONG. NELSON'S SON
DENIED EXEMPTION

Madison, Wis, Feb. 23-Byron G.
Nelson, son Of Congressman John
M. Nelson, has been certified for mill
tary service in Glass 1, two claims
for exemption based on the fact that
he is engaged in agricultural work
and that he is married, having been
denied. Young Nelson, with his faith
er, was recently exonerated of a
charge of conspiracy to aid the son
in escaping the draft.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1918-02-27
TO VOTE ON SENATOR.

Gov. Philip has issued call for an
election April 2, to fill the senate va
cancy created by the death of Paul o.
Husting. The primary to select can
didates will be held March 18th. This
will leave but two weeks for a discus
sion Of the issues and to get the can
didates and what they stand for be-
fore the people. The time is indeed
brief-tOo brief.