davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
. Orchard .
inflammation
IDEAL NUMBER OF BRANCHES
Three Is Considered About Perfection
on Apple Tree-Much Depends
Upon Roots.

(From the United States Department of
Agriculture)
For an apple tree three branches are
considered the ideal number. More
may be grown upon some varieties,
particularly those which are strong
growers and upon trees which have a
well-developed root system at planting
time. If, however, the roots have been
badly mutilated In removing the tree
from the nursery, 1t will be safer to
reduce the number to three rather than
to maintain a larger number. These
three main framework branches upon
the ordinary first-class nursery tree
should not be more than 10 or II
inches In length. At the close of the
first seasons growth after planting
each one of these three framework
branches should be considered as
though 1t were separate nursery tree
and, If possible, three subdivisions of
this should be maintained for the wood
supply of the second year, the three
branches retained being cut back to
about the same length as those orig
inally held by the tree as planted in
the first place. This operation should
be repeated each succeeding year. BY
so doing systematical development
can be maintained, and by cutting to
an outside or an inside bud the habit
Of the tree can be modified so as to
make it upright or spreading in char
acter
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
BY WILLIAM A. RADFoRD.

Too much Importance cannot be paid
to the construction Of your hoghouse,
and observation has no doubt con-
WINGED you that ''permanency pays" in
this type of building perhaps more
than In any other.
A hoghouse built like daylight fac
tory Is as important to your bank ac-
count as to the ultimate consumer of
your ham and lard.
BY far the most effective means of
lighting hoghouse is shown in the
accompanying illustration. 1t is
through the roof, and by using the
greenhouse type of sash laid flush with
the roof. In this way the sun shines
down more directly upon the glass and
less of the germ-killing rays are de-
flected.
1t is a well-known fact, that prac-
tically no germs can exist in direct
sunlight, and therefore you should
make use of this cheapest and best
disinfectant on the market to do your
share in reducing the enormous loss
from disease in western hogs.
The 6 by s or 6 by z foot-pen with the
6-foot way along the passageway has
proven to be the most economical size
in the straight-side hoghouse and an
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19

boards or some other means of secur-
ing dead air spaces Immediately under
the hogs. This is well secured by
thickness with a Inch top coat Of
to cement and sand spread on top
of this course of tile.
The proper changing Of the air in
hoghouse is of the greatest impOr-
lance, for In order to do 1t properly.
it is necessary to have control at all
times and yet have no drafts directly
| on the hogs.
For letting the air in, openings should
be left just under the caves on each
side Of any type of hoghouse, and it is
found that a by IL opening about ev-
cry six feet is very close to being right.
This is easily secured by leaving out
by s by II tile If this size Is used.
The exit of the air, the ridge-roll
type Of ventilator which we have de-
veloped, is by far the cheapest and
fully as effective as any of the more
fancy types. For a few cents, ridge
roll ventilator will provide as much
ventilation as an equivalent number
of dollars invested in some Of the more
elaborate types. These ventilators
should be placed from six to eight
feet apart, depending upon the expos
ure of the building.
A very common mistake is made in
providing means for the air getting out
with no way for it to get in.
OF course, the openings under the
caves should be provided with small
doors or other means for shutting off
part of the air in extremely cold wealth
er. Sliding doors all connected to-
gether by light rod may be easily
made so that the whole side of the
building may be regulated at one time.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
QUARTERS FOR DAIRY CALVES
To Prevent Dumping and JostIing OF
Young Animals Small Pens
Should Be Provided.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture)
Small calves should not be bumped
and jostled about. An easy way to
prevent this is to provide small pens,
not less than four by six feet in size,
In each of which a calf may be kept
for the first two weeks. The pens
should be fitted with feed boxes for
grain and racks for hay. After the
calf is old enough to run with the
others it is placed with them in a
larger pen. Stanchions are fixed on
one side of this pen to provide for the
separate feeding of the calves, so as
to insure that each receives it's proper
care. Racks for hay should also be
placed within easy reach of the calves.
Too much emphasis cannot be laid
upon the necessity of having light, dry
quarters for the calves. Bedding al
be changed often, in order that the
pen always may be dry. Lack Of at
tention to these matters is very likely
to allow the development of the vari-
Gus calf diseases.
After the calf is few weeks old, it
can stand considerable cold If 1t Is
kept dry and has dry quarters. Pro-
vision also should be made to allow
the calves plenty of exercise. A small
paddock or pasture adjoining the calf
stables is excellent for this purpose.
Except for the very young ones, calves
may be let out in the exercise lot for
a short period each day when the
weather is not too cold or stormy.
If the calves are kept together in
a large pen it is very difficult to feed
them by hand unless they are tied
When they are loose the milk often is
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19

of man who kept wine shop oppo-
site what the tablet signified.
att was placed there said the ro-
tund publican, ito mark the height Of
the waters of the Danube at the great
freshet of a certain year.
"'Mercy!' said. AS high as that?
Why, should have supposed your vii
lage would have been swept away!'
"'Ohv replied the citizen, patroni-
Zingly, that was not where the water
was. The Baron Zwettel gave us the
beautiful tablet to mark the great
flood and 1t was put there, where you
see the bricks disarranged by that low
er window, and that is where the food
was but the wretched boys defaced 1t
and threw mud at it and made 1t a
mark for their arrows, so we put 1t up
there out of their reach. Aha! They
cannot trouble it now
"And, truly, the man did not seem
to see any incongruity in the affair !"
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
How Man Fights Natures Forces.

Life is fight. From cradle to
grave man is engaged in a struggle
against natures forces. With our first
breath we begin to counter these
forces, and continue from our first
breath to our last, says Charles M.
Horton, in Industrial Management. In
dividually we are compelled gradually
to give way to these forces-to decay.
1t is the law. Nature dictates. And
all life recognizes 1t. From earliest
dawn of history mankind has instinc-
lively resisted this law, actively and
passively. Humanity's first thought
self-preservation-is the one big ac-
tive agent, and as an agent 1t came to
mankind as an outgrowth Of primitive
mans own endless fight against de-
cay.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
PUT TABLET OUT OF REACH
Fact That Information II Gave Was
Untrue Did Not Disturb Aus
trian Villagers.

81 remember some years ago." writes
correspondent, 'while spending a
village, not far westward from Vienna,
located on a delta formed by the con-
fluence of a lesser stream with the
Danube, my attention was arrested
while walking through the settlement
by marble tablet, set in the brick
important street corners. 1 saw that
the tablet bore an inscription, but it
was so high above the street that l
could not distinguish it; so l asked
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19

equivalent number of square feet floor
space should be used for each pen in
the round hoghouse.
Experience and observation have
convinced the writer that the parti-
tons between the pens should be on
hinges, so as to swing up. Thus all
pens may be turned together. The
partitions along the passageway should
slide up and be so made that they can
be fastened about nine inches above
the floor. BY having the partitions
along the passageway so that they
may be raised partly up in this way,
it is possible to feed young pigs stim-
ulating and conditioning foods before
they are weaned.
Some general details that apply to
all types of permanent hoghouses will
be interesting. Hollow tile founda-
tons when laid on q hollow tile or
concrete footing to get the proper
amount of bearing on the ground,
are as strong as the wall itself,
which, Of course, is all that is neces-
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
Floor Plan.

sary. 1t is only waste of material
to put i'm II to 16-inch concrete foun-
dation to the floor line when the foot
ing 30 to 36 inches below the ground
line can be easily made the proper
width. and the wall really started at
this point.
Ii has been demonstrated that in
building the foundation in this way
to the floor line, fully so per cent Is
saved when solid concrete founda-
ton Is taken into consideration. This
Is partly on account of no forms re-
CURED and partly because of the saw
ing of wall above the footing. In lay
ing the hollow tile below the ground
level, IL has been found that nothing
In the way OF strength or ability to
serve It's purpose is sacrificed by leav-
ing out the joints between the ends OF
the tile. and a great deal Of time, of
course, Is saved In laying.
Experiments and experience have
proven that the only really satisfactory
way of building hoghouse floor Is
to use hollow tile or fake floor OF
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
WHERE FARMING
IS PROFITABLE
The Future of Great Possibilities.

Some idea of the great wealth that
the Western Canada farmer had In
view few years ago is now being real
lied. The amount received from the
sale OF wheat, oats. barley, flax and
rye In 1917 was $270,000,00O, while the
sales OF live stock at Winnipeg alone
netted $4O,O0O,OO0 additional. OF this
sum hogs alone gave over eleven mil
hon dollars. The increases ut Calgary
and Edmonton were over Ga million
dollars.
This money, SO easily earned, is be-
ing spent in improvements in farm
property, purchasing additional land,
buying tractors, automobiles, and inn
proving home conditions, providing
electric light, steam heat, new furni-
ture, pianos, buying Victory bonds,
paying up old debts, etc.
over five hundred tractors were sold
in Southern Alberta in 1917. One
implement agent reports that the in
crease in his business in 1917, over
that of 1916, was equal To the total
business in 1915. 1t is the same story
all over the country. And it is not
this evidence alone which proves the
advancement and growth OF the three
prairie provinces, but the large in
crease in the number OF settlers; the
improvement in the extent of the cul-
tivated areas and agricultural produce
ton; the increase in value of which
over 1916 was $77,000000.
This wonderful progress that has
been made in agriculture in Western
Canada is but the beginning which
marks the future of the greatest agri-
cultural country on the continent,
showing future of great possibilities.
There are millions of acres yet UNI
titled, and of land as good as any of
that which is now giving its owners Il
return of from twenty to thirty dollars
an acre, figures that in many cases
represent the cost of the land, with all
cultivation costs included. 1t is true
that the cost of production has in
creased during the past few years, but
the price of the product has also in
creased to Il figure which leaves Il
large balance to the credit of the pro-
ducer.
The following table shows how this
works out: 1913 1917
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19

of comparative rest when little fruit
is produced, followed by a long period
when fairly uniform amount Of fruit
Is borne.
Weather conditions play an import
ant part in the amount Of fruit pro-
duced during the summer and autumn.
Only when the moisture supply and
other climatic conditions are favorable
can the yield be constant. For this
reason the results obtained from the
varieties Of this type of strawberry
have varied greatly In the different
sections Of the country and in differ
ent years. If long drought occurs
while the plants are fruiting, the ber-
ries become small and the plants final
ly cease to bear. Therefore, they are
not well adapted to sections having
long droughts, except when irrigation
can be supplied.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19

spilled, and the larger calves get
part of the smaller ones share. Very
simple stanchions may be constructed
to prevent losses of milk and insure
the equal distribution of the feed. To
prevent the calves from sucking one
another they should be kept in the
stanchions for some time after feeding.
A calf stanchion may be constructed
Of cheap or scrap lumber. 1t is usu-
ally SO to 40 inches high and has a
four-inch space for the calf's head.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
PIGS FROM
THIS Tile HOUSE
Permanent Structure of SunIit
Type Found Profitable In
veStment.
LIGHTING THROUGH THE ROOF
Partitions Should Be on Hinges So
That They May Be Swung Up,
Permitting Pens to Be Turned
Together.

Mr. William A. Radford will answer
questions and give advice FREE OF
COST on all subjects pertaining to the
subject of building work on the farm, for
the readers of this paper. On account Of
his wide experience as Editor. Author and
Manufacturer. he is, without doubt, the
highest authority on all these subjects.
Address all inquiries to William A. Rad
ford No. 1927 Prairie avenue. Chicago,
H., and only inclose three-cent stamp for
reply.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
Advertisement.

One of the most attractive booklets
issued recently is the year book put
out by Swift & Company, covering the
activities of the big packing concern
during the year 1917. Serving as an
introduction Is the address of the vice
president, f.. +. Swift. to the stock
holders, In which he tells of the aDhor-
mally high prices paid for live stock
in Chicago and of the prices obtained
for meat; of the investigation by the
federal trade commission. ana the IL
censing by the government OF FOOD as
tributing agencies and the limiting OF
profits on Strengthening and meat pack
ing to per cent on money employed
Mr.. Swift also told with pride OF the
$500 employees who had entered the
various branches Of the United States
service, and concluded with the state
ment that Swift & Company would do
their utmost to help win the war.
An interesting and illuminatlve Sec
ton Of the booklet Is that devoted TO
statistics of live stock prices and pro-
duction, and another Is given up TO
telling "the packers service to PrV-
Queer and consumer" Figures are
given showing that the net profit OF
the company per head, 1912 to 1915,
averaged $1.22 for cattle, less than 10
cents for sheep and less than 5S cents
for hogs. 1t is explained that the large
aggregate profits are due to the I'M
mense volume Of business done.
The booklet Is handsomely Illus
trated with photographs and color
prints and the cover illustration. made
from a photograph Of corn farm In
Ohio, Is especially attractive.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
Only Plea He Could Put Up.

Two young girls watched the "nutty
young Cuthbert' pass along the street.
"Did he appeal for exemption?" said
May.
eyes," said Ray. "You might have
known he would"
ION what grounds?"
81 don't know" replied Ray, sun
less It was upon the grounds that II he
went to war his wife's father would
have no son-in-law to support"
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
SANITARY SHED FOR MILKING
Cows Should Be Kept Clean and I'd.
ders Wiped With Damp Cloth
to Keep Out Dirt.

The cows should be kept clean and
MIXED in a place free from dust. II
the udders of the cows are wiped with
a damp cloth 1t will prevent dirt, dam
druff and hair from falling into the
milk with their millions of bacteria. A
covered or small-top milk pail should
always be used in milking. 1t keeps
out more than half of the germs.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
cows RESPOND TO FEEDING
Even Poor Animal Will Increase In
Production II She Is Given
Proper Treatment.

A good cow will respond to good
treatment and even poor COW, will in
crease in production IL she Is properly
handled. ' 4
With liberal feeding liberal returns
cannot be obtained. A heavy produc-
ing, cow cannot do her best work I'M
less she Is well fed.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
Salt as ROYAL Tribute.

Among the many items of tribute
furnished by different cities for the
royal revenue, is mentioned $4,000
loaves Of very white salt, refined in
the shape of mold, for the consump-
ton of the lords of Mexico" Among
some excerpts from the royal account
book, of yearly expenditures, extracted
by Torquemada. appear 1900 baskets
of salt.-Medicine and Surgery.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19

Percentage increases are shown too
in another way, leading to the same
conclusion, from consultation of the
Department of Labor's review Of
prices. Taking 100 rs the index num-
Der of normal production in the de-
cade from 1890 to 1900. the increases
in prices of farm products have
slightly outdistanced the increases in
his needs. Pct.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
MAKE INVENTORY OF ORCHARD
u IL Does Not Contain Fruits That Do
Well In That Locality, Order
Some Trees.

Make an inventory of your orchard
and in case you find that 1t does not
contain all Of the different kinds of
fruits that do well In your locality
with varieties ripening in succession
order enough trees Of the proper sorts
to make up the deficiency.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19
Temperature FOR CHURNING
Usually From So to so Degrees Fahr'
enheit in Summer and From
So to 66 In Winter.

The churning temperature should
be such that (I the churning will re-
quire from thirty to forty minutes, and
(2) the butter granules will be firm
without being hard-usually from 81
to 60 degrees Fahrenheit In summer
and from 50 to GO degrees Fahrenheit
In winter.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19

Some people think they are neve
talked about because they never hea
II
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-04-19

Cats are cosor-blind In the daytime.
The Press., 1918-01-31
Sanitary Fountalns,

An investigation of drinking foun- tains at the University of Minnesota, carried out by the state board of health, led to the rather startling re- suit that the 77 fountains in use at the university, most of which belonged to various supposedly sanitary" types were found to be improperly construct ed to prevent contamination by the consumer, according to the Scientific American. The principal defect was the vertical discharge of the water, making 1t necessary for the consumer to place his mouth directly over the point of discharge. It was found that the majority of persons drank with the lips touching the nozzle, The investi- gators devised new type of fountain in which the discharge is at such an angle that there Is no possibility of water falling back from the mouth up- on or near the Oriflce
The Press., 1918-01-31
DEFECTS IN "cANNED" SONGS
VocaIists Do Not Break Down on Top Notes and No One Shouts "Amen,"
 Comments CoWntryman.

He was a plain, Old-fashioned coun- tryman without no frills," as he often proudly bOasted. He lamented the passing of the old cottage organ, ear- bObs and coal oil lamps and contended that persons in these days are not nearly as happy as those of half cen- tury ago. The other day he came into town from his country home nearby, relates an exchange, and stopping at his sons home was entertained by his daughter-in-law with music on the photograph. Knowing his fondness for old religious music, the daughter-in- law put on the records containing old. time hymns sung by the worlds great artists of song. The old man was plainly thrilled and sat in rapt atten- ton as he heard his old favOrites sung with such sympathy and meaning as he never had heard them sung in real life. At the conclusion of what she called her "sacred concert" the young woman asked, "Well, father, weren't those old hymns sung as beautifully as you have ever heard them in the old days2" ...... -.
 Emmy, they mightn't be SO bad," he reluctantly conceded, eff that Madam Human Shank or whatever you call her, had only broke down on the top notes like they used to in church, most always, and somebody'd only said Amen right out loud when they got through singin'." ...
The Press., 1918-01-31
Old Friends Meet.

This world is not such a big place after all. Recently, at Forty-seventh street and Fifth avenue, writes New York correspondent, one of our boys in khaki met an Italian soldier with one sleeve of his coat tucked in. why" gasped the American. 'Bien," returned the Italian. The two had met in Florence, Italy, three years ago. On the lapel of the American there was a small niekel-plated model of the Statue of Liberty, enfolded in an American flag. The Italian asked if he might have 1t for a keepsake. Some day I'll come to your land" he said, smiling, "and I'll bring 1t back to you." And when the Ameri- enn and Italian came face to face the man from the sunny climes still wore the emblem of Liberty on his breast. And must return it?" he asked. 'well, hardly" returned the American. sYou have earned 1t a thousand times. Your sacrifice has been for what 1t represents-liberty and Justice" 'HThat Is right, yes, but Is 1t not worth the sacrihee7 Yes, worth it ten thousand tmes."
The Press., 1918-01-31

Fox's mill was obliged to shut down part of Tuesday afternoon because of back water.
 John MoCarthy. who has been in charge of the dressing and spinning departments at the Phoenix mill, has taken the experimentation of Peele's mill at Staffordville and has entered upon his duties.
 The following officers of Stafford National Bank were elected at the annual meeting of stockholders and subsequent meeting of directors: l.. w. Crane, president; R. s. Hicks, cashier; c. F. Harwood, assistant cashier; B, F Taylor, l. w. Crane, 0 L. Dean, w N. Clark, Nj A. Marcy, E Colburn, R. s. Hicks, directors.
 At the annual meeting of the wom. mans Missionary society, auxiliary to A. B O. F M, was held at the Cong'l parsonage Mrs J F Merriam was chosen president; Mrs. J. P. Hawley, vice-president; Mrs A E. Smith. secretary; Mrs NJ A. Smith, treasurer-all re elections At the same time a society was organized for home mission work, and oflcered as follows: Mrs ] F Merriam, presi. dent; Mrs J P. Hawley, vice. presi- dent; Mrs James Mclaughlin, secre. tary and treasurer; Mrs K O. Den. his, Mrs c H. Baker, Mrs J. V. Squier, Mrs W. H Smith, directors.
 Born. - Wales, 10th, daughter to Willie Herring, granddaughter to Loren H. Clark.
 Staffordville, 17th, son to William F. and Hnttie Peel.
 Stafford Springs, Dec 3lst, son to Geo. W. Eaton.
 Hartford, Jan. 9th, daughter to M. A. Cady, and granddaughter to ]. c. Cross of Stafford
 HydevIlle, 1st, daughter to VII. liam Duncan.
 staffordville, 18th, son to Frank Moore.
 Married. At St. Edwards church, 9th, by Rev. John D. Coyle, Joseph Barseleau and Annie Bourrassa; same day, Midas Robert and Mary Rabi. deau; roth, at the convent chapel, Heli Barseleau and Mary Lafand.
 Scotland, Dec 18th, Andrew P. PaIkhlrst of Stafford Springs, and sa- Iah Fuller of Scotland.
 Union, Dec. 25th, by Rev. Mr. Randlette of North Ashford, Bruce E. Horton and Minnie Thayer.
 At Mcnson, 1lth, by Rev. c. V. Maxham, Walter D. Miller of West. field, Vt and Emma R Lombard of Stafford.