davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Norwich bulletin., 1918-08-15

West Chester, Pa. Aug. 1.-The jury in Pniladelphia's fifth ward case tonight brought in a verdict of guilty against the defendants, Isaac Deutsch, David Bennett, a police lieutenant, and five policemen, who were charged with conspiracy to violate the 'Sher- man law prohibiting office holders from participating in politics and to prevent a fair election. The jury was out about nine hours.
 The trial. transferred here from Philadelphia on a change of venue asked by the defense, was the out growth of a bitter fight between the Penrose- -McNichol and Ware factions of the republican party at the pri- mary election last September for leadership in the Fifth ward.
 Deutsch and James A. Carey were candidates for the republican nomi-
Norwich bulletin., 1918-08-15
THE BRITISH EMPIRE
 CONGRATULATES TROOPS

London, Aug 14-Premier David Lloyd George has. in the name of the British nation, sent his felicitations to Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, the British commander in the fighting in Picardy. The prem;er's message reads
 "The imperial war cabinet wishes to convey to you and the officers, non commissioned officers and men of your command, warmest congratulations on the triumph achieved by the allied armies in the third battle of the Somme. The British empire sends heartfelt thanks to you ana yocr most gallant troops"
 A five wheeled velocipede with the driving wheel in the center is a nov city for children.
Norwich bulletin., 1918-08-15
INDIGESTION AND CONSTR PAT|ON Quickly Relieved By
 "FTuit-a-tiVes"
RocHoN. P. c.

hOChONs es
 CT suffered for many years with te,vijle Indigestion and Constipation. A neighbor advised "FrHft-a-tf0es" tor Fruit Liver Tablets). tried them. To the surprise of my doctor, l began to improve and he advised me to go on with "Frwit-a-tf0es".
 I consider that l owe my life to "Fruit-a -tives" and I want to say to those who suffer from Indigestion, Constipation or Headaches - try ''Fruit-a-tives" and you will getwell'.
 CORINE GAUDREAU.
 5oc. box, 6 for $2.5O, trial size 25c. At dealers or from FRUIT -A-TIVES Limited, OGDENSBURG, N. Y.
Norwich bulletin., 1918-08-15
Benoit. RocheIeau,

Mass. is visiting her son, Adolph Freize. of Baltic Heights.
 Benoit- RocheIeau.
 Miss Josephine Rocheleau of Baltic and Arthur Benoit of Quincy, Mass, were united in marriage Aug. F by Rev. J, V. E. Belancer with a nuptial high mass at s o'clock The witnesses were Alphonse Martineau and Al phonse Rocheleau of Willimantic. A breakfast was served at Mrs. Char tiers on Railroad street, Baltic. After their honeymoon journey Mir. and Mrs. Benoit will reside in Quincy, Mass.
Norwich bulletin., 1918-08-15
BALTIC

Miss Louise Hebert of High street is spending three weeks vacation with her mother in Pawtucket. R. L
 Mrs. Henrietta Freize of Mi1bury.
Norwich bulletin., 1918-08-15

of Boston University. She will teach the language.
Norwich bulletin., 1918-08-15

DESSS ldSLCIlSiS III dtl
 black or white, including Koh-
 in-noor, Delong, WIsnap and
 See It Spring, dog. 9c Hooks and Eyes, best quality. 9c Common Pins of good quality
 Full 36o count. t............. Sc Hair Curriers', including West
 Electric, West Midget, Stay
 Wave, Everwave and kid... Sc Sewing Silk in black only. y...... Sc Curling Irons. s............... Sc Collar Supporters ers............. 9c Darning Silk in boxes. 9c Safety Pins in nickel or ailt.... 9c Hair Pin Cabinets. s.............. Sc Coat and Pant Hangers. .. Sc 6o-inch Tape Measures ...... Sc Mourning Pins, a box ......... Sc Gold Plated Baby Pins. ....... SC Foot Form Darning Lasts. ..... SC Corset 'Laces. ...~..........2 for ec Clinton Blanket Pins. s.......2 for Sc Fat Pins. ..................2 for 9c Finger Shields. for 9c Asbestos Iron Holders. 2 for 9c Hooks and Eyes .... cards for Sc Button Molds. 9 dozen for SC Pant Hangers. s.............2 for Sc Common Pins. ....4 papers for Sc Darning Cotton. for ec Ironing Wax. x...............6 6 for SC Toilet Pins-12 on card-bIack
 or white. te..........2 cards Ter 9c Mendine Wool. ............... SC Shoe Laces-alI sizes-bIack, tan
 or white. te............2 pair for Sc Middy Laces. for SC
Norwich bulletin., 1918-08-15
CANTERBURY GREEN

Sundays downpour kept many from church who were ready to start. To the fifteen assembled the pastor in- stead of a sermon read the story of modern knight, Coleridge Patterson of Melanesia. as told by Rev Joseph Twitchell of Hartford.
Norwich bulletin., 1918-08-15

Nine doesn't sound like very startling amoun- doesn't there much init interest yOu-bu you will look the following lists carefully you will be surprised spite the and higher prces there actual savings be made upon purchases which require less than dime
 COME IN AND SAVE SOME PENNIES
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-04-19

The Fuel Administration not then in exist
ence and did not begin its work until August 23 1t
then already too late to undo the harm which
had been done. The Fuel Administration would be
negligent of its duty to the public if it failed to call
attention at this time to the unfortunate results of
the mistaken pursued by the PUBLIC year ago,
and to warn all consumers in the most emphatic
possible that repetition of those results can be
avoided only by accepting and acting Immediately
upon the Fuel Administrations advice, here given,
let every consumer of the classes mentioned ascer
tain his fuel requirements for the coming year. DO
this at once. Order sufficient coal to meet those
quirements. Place your orders at once. If domestic
have not sufficient storage space for the
coal they will need, they should enlarge their bins.
If public utilities and industries engaged upon gov
eminent work have not sufficient storage space they
should at provide it.
MUST NOT LOSE A DAY.
The production of coal in this country is funda-
mentally a transportation problem. There are
enough coal and enough locomotives to transport
the necessary quantity of COAL ONLY IF EVERY
CAR AND EVERY LOCOMOTIVE is USED TO ITS
MAXIMUM CAPACITY EVERY DAY IN THE
YEAR. There are enough operatives in the mines to
get the coal from the ground if those operatives
work every day in the year. and if the coal and
locomotives available every day. If the coal
are idle for week month"; the result is loss of
aweek's a months possible coal production. There
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-04-19

sadly transportation
mod in o
the Industrial value of coal
when third place The fuel
deposit the
possible,
will permit
the amount
destination. that is shut off
apprecable time it means ultimate shortage The pipe
can than its maximum capacity day.
paying the
whe not winter, should
delay placing his
securing his supply wiser to borrow in the
! until autumn win
mined and shipped money
it.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-04-19

is way to make up this loss The country needs
the greatest utilization of the coacarryng facilities
every week and every month 1t has surplus
and no surplus locomotives to carry coal in
succeeding week in a succeeding month, to make
up for the failure to the existing and loco
motives in a preceding month.
Owing to more favorable weather conditions
greater quantity of coal be transported each day
from April to November than is possible in each day
from November to March. Conditions adverse to
coal transportation sure to exist every winter.
Such adverse conditions unusually severe and
long-continued in the winter just passed. To ap-
preciable degree, however, they have existed every
winter and it is the part of folly to suppose they will
not be encountered next winter.
THERE IS PLENTY OF COAL
There plenty the
This the
other for their
little
we'll remain in the mines the
mines used transported the
and this equally whether
directly the mine
the mines mouth Unless the
they load
coal be placed their mines without orders
ship they directions
where it should be taken
limited capacity in
dealers places where
where until mined loaded into
themselves. where unless
promptly is
blocking yards already
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1918-04-19

Escape Shortage Next Winter Says Fuel Administrator
Problem Is One Of Transportation Declares Garfield
Cars and Mines Must Be Kept Busy Every
Day in the Year. He Says:
By A.
u
By HARRY A. GARFIELD
u. S. FUEL ADMINISTRATOR.

holshol use O lengd n
thew acwnhou
t. cover ned for he
twelve anmntf
aproton through the OF
year in
labd e a
of dand THAT dbeple of
the Goa i aso This a IS " O. the ontibu causes
nnie needN in tvi
The Wisconsin weekly blade. [volume] (Madison, Wis.) 1916-1925, 1918-02-14
HON. OLIVER A. CLARK
A HUGE SUCCESS
ADDRESS MAMMOTH CROWD IN HISTORIC C. A.
ROOMS WISCONSIN STATE CAPITOL
Ably Pleads For Grace and Democracy"
RESOLUTION BY SEC'Y M O'BANNA. So PUBLIC RECEP-
TON AND ANNIVERSARY AUSPICES LINCOLN
MEMORIAL SOCIETY
Ably Pleads For Grace and Democl
Albert L Weaver, Pres.

The citizens Of Madison en-
massa were presented social
and civil stimulus by the Lincoln
Memorial Society when Honor
able Oliver A. Clark delivered a
masterful address on 1.-The
Negro and Democracy" at the
fifth annual celebration. Hon.
Attorney Clark proved himself
an eloquent. diplomatic orator.
lie was repeatedly interrupted by
rounds of applause by the ent-
husiastic appreciative audience.
The monster affair was staged
in the historic Grand Army of the
Republic Rooms at the Wisconsin
State Capitol. The walls of this
stately palatial room are hung
with pictures of heroes OF the
Grand Army and their flags and
banners were arranged to display
befitting decorations for the oc-
casion. The rooms with a seating
capacity of near two thousand
was we'll filled by representatives,
of both races and all professional
and social strata.
The president Albert l.. Weav-
er presided. Associated with At
torney Clark on the program was
Commander VIM. Mckay who
presented greetings from the G.
A. f.
The Red. White and Blue Fife
and Drum Corps and special
choir led by Hon. w. r. Harris
The Wisconsin weekly blade. [volume] (Madison, Wis.) 1916-1925, 1918-02-14

Obie Houston and Willisi9 Irving
are pursuing course ilh@S1s Sig
NAL Corpse School
Sgt. Allen Battle is exrcctmg
to take sail ON the sea ef ma
trimony in "a few weeks.
Company "F" was glad ID have
Mrs. Hattie Il. Barr and the Miss
es Gertrude Barr and Ihhit - Iiop-
son as the week end visitors. We
are always glad to welcome and
entertain visitors during dur off
duty hours; they are a Source of
pleasure TO us.
Our long expected piano has
come. Hours for social enter
tainment pass rapidly. Our com
rades are welcome to share the
pleaslrable hours with u.s..
In this connection the men of
the company have one other prob
lem to solve, that is DURING the
hours for social amusement, how
we can hest cause Sergts. Jack
son and Jones to realize that they
are not to occupy the piano stool
the entire period. and that there
are others who are anxiopsly wait
ing TO try their hands in tie game.
II is hoped that we will no1 have
to further cali their attention TO
this fact.
Pvt. John Bazell is ta repre-
sent Company T in athletic con
tests ut the Y. NJ. C. a. auditor
ium Pvt. Bazell is we'll qualified
in this field Of activity. 70 bring
glory to The company.
The Wisconsin weekly blade. [volume] (Madison, Wis.) 1916-1925, 1918-02-14

years. He was an exceptionally
good secretary, was always at his
post Of duty and no doubt will be
greatly missed by the members
Of his lodge.
Another old veteran of the Or
der has been called to answer the
roll call, i'll the person Of Bro. r.
r. Gordon, Milwaukee. Wis. lie
was an old soldier and did great
work i'll Milwaukee, having set
up the first lodge in that city,
known as Gordon, 5693, and serv-
ed as its p. S. for fifteen years.
He died at + o'clock, Monday
morning. january IA, and was
buried at the National Soldiers
Home, Wednesday. the 10th, with
Gordon Lodge. 5693. and Esther
Household Of Ruth. 2195, as at
tendantS.
Bro. Geo. T. Kersey, District
Grand Master, was in East st.
louis, few days ago, looking af-
ter the welfare Of the members
and families who were so miser-
ably treated by the notorious
mob last summer. He will shortly
make recommendations as to the
distribution of funds donated by
many Of the lodges for the relief
Of the suffering families who are
i'll need Of fuel, clothes and food.
The members Of Dexter Lodge,
2702, Mound City, Ill.,. had the
misfortune to have their beauti-
full two story building destroyed
by fire some weeks ago. The
building was centrally located in
the heart Of the city, OH Main st.
Everything was lost except the
seal and the ledger Of the p. S.
The building was insured but the
amount is not sufficiently large
enough to recet a new building
and meet the requirements Of the
City Council. The members have
made an appeal for help, and any
funds donated should be sent by
money order to Bro. j. X. Camp
bell, p. s., and receipt will be
returned.
The Wisconsin weekly blade. [volume] (Madison, Wis.) 1916-1925, 1918-02-14
NOTES FROM THE DISTRICT
GRAND SECRETARY'S
Office
Paris. H.. Febr. 9. 1918.

Word comes that the members
of Surprise Lodge. 1856, Gales
burg. H., had their lodge room
destroyed by fire. They are
meeting in the hall Of Little Bee,
2511.
Bro. w. J. Easley, member of
Little Bee. 25ll, Galesburg, was
married on the 10th ult. His
many friends throughout the dis
trict extend to him and his new
wife hearty congratulations.
Bro T. S. Patton, p. S. of Little
Bee. 25l1, has resigned. Bro.
Patton is an expert printer and IS
employed by one of the largest
printing establishments i'll the
northwest.
Bro. A. b. Thomas. the son of
the Mayor of Brooklyn, Ill. is
elected p. S. Of Love Joy Lodge,
9763. At one time he was a
student in the University Of H.
linoiS and at present is serving as
a patrolman Of the police force of
Brooklyn.
Bro. Benjamin Kicks, Cen
tralia. H.. is reelected for the
tenth time as p. S. of Centralia
Lodge. 1916. He possesses some
of the principles of his late
father. Calvin Ricks, well known,
not only in Centralia, but by the
older members throughout the
States of Illinois and Wisconsin.
Bcnn", as he is commonly
called in his home city, owns con
siderable property, is an all
race-man. and is looked on by the
leading white citizens of the
place as a leader Of his people
Bro. Robert Stokes, for many
wears the p. s. of Golden Fleece,
1915. Chicago. has resigned,
oweing to the heavy work IN the
Post Office Department, where he
has served as a mail carrier for
The Wisconsin weekly blade. [volume] (Madison, Wis.) 1916-1925, 1918-02-14
WATCH THE BLADE.

President Lincoln is dead, but
his ideas for The freedom of man
kind still lives and are gradually
being worked out to the satisfac-
ton of those who are chiefly con
ccrncd.
We were indeed sorry to know
of the accidental death of Mr..
Edward Taylor. 32OG Calumet
Ave. The Blade extends sympa-
thy to the family.
The b. NJ c. of the 6. L. Q. Of
q. f.. scheduled to meet in New
York in September. has been
postponed until 1920. So now
turn your mind and finance to the
Golden Jubilee. The 50th ami
vcrsnry of the G.. L. O. of O. +.
Of Illinois and Wisconsin, Madi-
son. Wis. August q, z. s, 9, 1918.
Let the Chicago Lodges bring
forth their efforts for the success.
Join us and help us to make this
the banner year for The Blade.
DO not be just "A reader, but act
i've in the call. The representa-
tive and correspondent will be
around at any time from now on.
If you mean business give us your
readable matter and pay your
subscription.
l. L. Burrel, Representative,
3I2S Dearborn St.
Arthur Perkins Correspondent,
1876 +. 3lst St. Phone Doug
las $500.
Mrs. Jessie l.. Bond. Core
spondent, 1864 Forest Ave.
The Wisconsin weekly blade. [volume] (Madison, Wis.) 1916-1925, 1918-02-14
Victor c. Turner, Toastmaster

furnished the musical part of
the program. Hon. Editor J An
thonyJosey introduced the speak
er after whose vivid discourse
Nine. Mary Horton sang Beyond
the Gate" and the assembly
was rendered informal reception
III Maccabee Hall.
This enormous dining corridJ Jr
was patriocally decorated with
red. white and blue ribbon. The
table formed the initial Il" and
the color scheme was carried out
in the banquet which was served
in four courses. Here Victor c.
Turner, Esq, presided as toast
master and acquitted himself
quite efficiently.
Among those who participated
in this feature Of the celebration
were, Reverends l.. j. Phillips,
Il. p. Smith, Attorney II. s. Sigg-
lekO, Messrs. Benz. Butts, L.Shep-
pard, G. w. Glover. j n. Viii
son, Mrs. Ida Henderson and
Miss G. NJ. Reuben. Attorney
Clark and Mr.. Turner both made
themselves popular by declaring
themselves in favor Of Woman S
Suffrage.
With very fitting remarks the
president told of the plan of the
l.. NJ. S. to remain permanent
organization for the stimulation
Of the society of Madison.
The Wisconsin weekly blade. [volume] (Madison, Wis.) 1916-1925, 1918-02-14
Negroes Fit Soldiers

The following recently appear.
ed in the Milwaukee Journal. II
has not been answered:
To the Editor of the journal
According to- figures Recently
published by Provost Marshall
General Crowder, SO per cent OF
the negroes called and examined
have been found fit material for
soldiers and eerfiifhssl IL service
IN sSgafIYs s f s.ll..s
whites examined. Can any of
your readers explain this on any
other theory than the physical
superiority of the blackS9
George II. DeReef.
The Wisconsin weekly blade. [volume] (Madison, Wis.) 1916-1925, 1918-02-14
SPECIAL NOTICE TO
READERS

1t is the duty of every Cd /
Fellow and Ruthite to sub
scribe for the BLADE, the Of
fficial organ Of the Illinois and
Wisconsin Jurisdiction.
Some people who have re
ceived copies Of the BLADE
think they are on the FREE
LIST. The Blade has NO
FREE LIST. EVERY person
who gets the paper is expected
to pay $50 per year for it,
regardless Of fraternal or
social status.
The Wisconsin weekly blade. [volume] (Madison, Wis.) 1916-1925, 1918-02-14
CHICAGO, ILL.
Lodges, Church and Social
Blade News Service.

I)ldUt news NtfNltt.
Ezekiel Lodge is doing fine.
Our officers are G.. d. Stevenson.
\. g.; G.. ID. Tricc, V. G.. r. f..
Smally, Secretary, and Chas. Hut
Gibson, y. F.; Alvin Henry, w.
c.; Clifford Childcn, p. y. f.. /.
B. Jones, f. 5. Our meeting
nights are the second and fourth
Tuesdays Our sick are Brother
Vernon Lightfoot, 1892 Wabash
Ave. Sister McAlistcr is recover
ing after several weeks illness.
We hope to sec her out again
soon
The events of the day should
inspire our people to unity and
higher aspiration foI social, civil,
industrial and fraternal develop
ment and the protection of our
families. If We fail in these
achievements we will be forever
branded as inferior Americans
and subordinate race.
The Blade is cndcavoring to
publish the accomplishments of
members of the Race in order to
inspire others to loftier ambitions
aud brothcrIv love. Subscribe for
it, $50 per year payable in ad
vance.
As soon ~ ,yr ret the list of
The Wisconsin weekly blade. [volume] (Madison, Wis.) 1916-1925, 1918-02-14
ARNETT LODGE NO. 7455

y large Attendance met with
Arnctt Lodge 80. 1865. with Bro.
Robert Scott, the newly elected
Noble Grand in the chair The
Y. G. Brother Harper reported
Brothers James Lewis. J. Ganni-
hill. {. j.. Martin and Thomas
loung sick and Brothers J. r.
Barnes. Anthony Howard fully
recovered
4, token of their hearty APP
preciation for the efficiency and
effective service rendered V
Brothers Arthur Perkins, p. a.
Glaston and a. f. Hunt, the
lodge unanimously voted to send
them to the p. G.. NJ. Council
The Wisconsin weekly blade. [volume] (Madison, Wis.) 1916-1925, 1918-02-14
LAKE MICHIGAN, NO. 561O

Lake Michigan Lodge No. 56I0
met Feb, +th with n. g., W. NJ.
Randolph presiding, at the begin
ming of his seventh year. ID. G.
L., |. I. Burrell and Brother Ar
thur Parkins spoke in the interest
of The Blade after which the
Lodge voted to enroll in the
Blade Directory. Because of the
inclcmcnt weather the love feast
of Michigan Lodge was post
poned until Feb. 18th. a spe-
cial program will bc rendered. O.
Anderson, John H. Sharp and
Luke Shad were admitted into
full membership. The impress
i've initiation portrayed the men
tai efficiency of Bro. II. Pickney
and was extremely impressive.
Bro. Lewis was also present. Re
ceipts of the evening, $108.I5.
Disbursements, $4,000.
Mrs. Fanny Vanghns, 1856 Ell
lis Ave, is confined to her bed
with pneumonia.
Mr. Lee Tannihill, 9 West 35th
ST., is on the sick list.
Mrs. Martha Bassell, 1924
Wentworth Ave, is on the sick
list.
Mr.. Fred Burton, crack musi-
clan of the X. p. Band, also ex-
pert tailor, expects to go to Rock
ford soon in the next consign-
mcnt
A little book entitled The Re-
vealed Songs of the Heavenly Fa-
ther, by {. X. Baker, is very en-
couraging and uplifting. We find
MIR. Baker to be thorough Chris
tan gentleman.
~ ere. le$a sissssi.s, r.sses zsniuV,sts
Physician, is wide awake and al
ways willing to respond to your
call at any hour, day or night.
Join the Directory movement,
81. 90 IA year, payable in advance.
Let the people know where you
are.
Mrs. J. Nixon, 455 H. 3Ist ST.,
is still lconfncd to her bed with
the Bright's disease.
DIR. JAS. ii. Mcclure, 3I47
Prairie Ave, has been commits
stoned Ist Lieutenant in the u. S.
Medical Corps.
\ splendid address was dcliv-
cred by Attorney w. f.. Mollison,
1888 :. Park Ave, at Bethel A.
NJ. +. Church, Sunday afternoon,
before the Bethel Literary Soci-
ETY. on the subject of Lincoln and
Douglas.
Rev c. r. Walker, d. d., pas
tor Of the Tabernacle Baptist
Church, Augusta, Ga, will speak
at the Olivct Baptist Church here
next "Wednesday afternoon.
The Wisconsin weekly blade. [volume] (Madison, Wis.) 1916-1925, 1918-02-14
MADISON. WIS, THURSDAY

n number OF the members of
Excelsior Lodge, 1854, jackson.
vile, ILL.,, have awakened to the
fact of the real worth of the
principles of Old Fellowship. and
have re0rganized and started out
with the determination to hold
themselves together as one solid
phalanx. 1t is hoped that they
will succeed and that the mem
bers of Fame, 2206, one of the
oldest and most profitable lodges
i'll the jurisdiction, will encour-
age these members in their eff
forts.
District Grand Master. Bro.
Ge. I. kersey, who has served
Tor many years as the p. s. of
Hutchinson Lodge, 1862. Chicago.
has resigned to the regret of its
hundred of members. Bro. Ker-
sey IS known by every OddFellow
III the great city Of Chicago, and
his work as financial builder is
known. 1t was through his
untirlng efforts that the great
Odd Fellows Building on State
Street was erected. He is now
associated with the largest fun
eraI directors in the city, kown
as the Emmanuel Jackson Under
taking Co., and most every dav
has as high as six to ten funerals
under its direction. Bro. kersey
is the secretary and general dir
ectOr of the firm. and on account
Of the many duties connected
with this firm and that of District
Grand Master. he found it i'm
possible 10 serve further as p. S.
The Permanent Secretaries of
every lodge should call the atten-
ton of their members to General
Law, XCIX, of the General Law,
1918, edition. pages 76 to rs, to
Thanksgiving and Ogden Days.
The first of these days is set for
first day of March and shall be
known as Peter Ogden Day, and
the second Sunday in May shall
be known as a day of thanks
giving. In each town and city
where there are located two or
more lodges they shall hold a
Joint Thanksgiving exercise. Let
Ogden Day be properly celebrat-
ed and in this way make those
who are not members Of the Or
der fully acquainted with the his
tory of Peter Ogden. our founder
of the Grand United Order of
Odd Fellows in America. and
what its principles stand for. Let
a committee be appointed to eX-
tend invitations to the citizens to
attend these exercises, and no
doubt ont of the cOurtesies eX-
tended good citizens would get
interested and east their member
ship with the Lodge or household.
To get good and responsible
people to join any order nova
days. an effort must be put forth
to get them interested.
-Chas. S. Smith.
District Grad Sec y.