davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12

A serious disease of wheat, long known in Europe, has recently been found in certain parts of the United States, particularly Virginia, according to the United States department of agriculture. In some Virginia fields losses have been as hign as 40 per cent to be on the lookout for it's appear ance and put into practice measures that will prevent it from spreading Such measures are described In cir cular just issued by the department.
 The disease, caused by small nema- tode or eelworm, usually affects the all parts of the plant above ground. Ar fected heads stay green and ripen late and are smaller than those not affect ed The shaff usually opens at wide angie. In place of grains of wheat the affected heads contain dark, hard gals somewhat shorter and thicker than wheat grains. Control measures consist of planting only disease-free seed, prac- ticing crop rotations, and preventing the spread of the nematodeS from one field to another by means of infected soil which may cling to the feet of men of animals or to farm imple- ments.
 The disease was first reported to occur to a slight extent in 1909 in California, New York, West Virginia, and Georgia. After that nothing was known of. the trouble until 1917, when it was located in one place in Virginia. Since then it has been found in many points in the same state and in one locality in California Recent examinations of this years crop shows as much as 40 per cent loss in certain fields i'll virginia Quite likely the trouble occurs even to a considerable extent in other states
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12
SERIOUS WHEAT DISEASES

and has been mercy ~oVeriooAeo or ms taken for bu1t' cookie sede' or pm burnt wheat.
 Tn addition IA preventing the spread 0. this disease thA department of agricul- ture urees that steps be taken to stamp if ont in ,ocalitiAs already infected, and to ston ;ts furtRer introduction from foreipn countries Plant only clean, | sound seea fron, felds in which the dis | aasa docs not occur. If this can not beI done tbs galls max be separated fromI tba wheat kernels ny pouring the seed| slowly into pail of WaleI anu ae .ne same time stirring vlsolousS. Aie s"n will rise to the suAiac anu Ian tar n,ore than 1o ors 15 minutes, they| u,a, hacon,a vater-S Soaked and sink. Gai,s ,,a,, aIso be saparated from sound| grain by putting the seeo III ~ase which has been heated 10 ef or ao u grees C.. for 10 to 12N minutes, > nea ment which is also1 ellectve asains' smut
 Fields in which the disease has ap. peared should not be piaiiteu III
 for two -or three yearss Any e.op .sls, .'.ay .,.I,aat ;s Lnou,n "a he seriously attack ed. .
 Sanitation Is also reGonimenueo as means of preventing the spneau @ 1la,,,d ~ ,nl disease. Soil from infectFu. .as r,s,us area : not be carried to unHNeiee'eu unHsu u,tar or either by the flow of surt. ,, o. by clinging to the feet nts on N' deen animals, or to farm implemS,. nf+ar ha blowing under of stubbIe jusp ,ha disna ss vest lessens the spread of ,,,itb,r ths either to nearby fields Or same field.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12
Good Seed Saves Labor

Saving seed corn saves labor. This IS one of the main reasons for careful seed corn selections, says the United States department of agriculture, which points out that just as much labor is often employed in producing nubbins as would be required to grow full ears. The more bushels of corn to the acre, as the re- suit of good seed, the less the labor re- q,tiredO to grow each bushel.
 To save labor during the preparation of the ground, and the planting, culti- vaton and harvesting of the crop in relation to the quantity of corn grown. the wise farmer will now devote special attention to selecting two years seed supply He will not make seed gather Ing merely incidental operation, con- nected with harvesting or shucking. but will devote his whole attention to the selection of the best ears as they grow in the field, under the conditions the crop has to contend with. By thus us- irg his time this fall he will save the labor of many men all next season.
 In other words, says the department, the stalk of corn that produced we'll un- der ordinary field conditions. in compe- tition with other stalks. Is likely to trans init high yielding ability to it's seed. Where field seed selecton results in doubling the acre yield, the result is practically equlv- alent to cutting down by one-haH the labor required to produce the crop
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12
Live Stock Association

The farmers of Pittsview in Russell county organized a live stock marketing association recently, and have made def- mite plans to hold the first sale on or about September 20.
 Immediately preceding the organiza- tion of the association talks were made by Prof. G. s. Templeton, F. O. Mon- tague and l.. T. Wells of the Alabama extension service. With County Demon- stration Agent Turnipseed acting as tenn porary chairman, the following officers were elected: w. T. Joyner. president; MT Dawkins, vice president ano L. IL. Boykin sales manager and treasurer. Seven prominent farmers were named on the board of directors to assist in the management of the association. Much enthusiasm was shown by all present. < With the great increase in live stock tn the vicinity of Pittsview, it was evi- dent that these wide-awake folks would not go through this season without live stock marketing association. They have been making their plans for several weeks, and scales will be installed at once. and pens for marketing hogs erected right away, so as to be ready for the first sale day, September 20.
 After the organization had been per fected and the meeting was over bar becue dinner was served.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12

Electricity is one of the most impor- tant labor savers being introduced on the farrpsst6day. It has much to recom- fffspd it for use about the farm premises.
 It ia safe and clean. Safe because there is none of the risk and hazard about the use oS electricity, properly wired ana installed, that there is about any or the open flame\ lighting systems-candles, lamps lantehas, gasoline or gas.
 It is clean. Where are no smoky smelly lamps tA> fill nor foul-smelling appliances to. careN for.
 It is flexible. Electeic service can be had wherever a wire can be carried-to points where the use of any other sort of light or power would be out of the question.
 It is convenient. Just Npress a button and electric current is atNhand to light the premises, to turn motors. for run ming all sorts of light mashinery ano to provide heat for flatirons. warming pads, toaster stoves and the Nike
 PLANT INEXPENSIVE
 It is inexpensive. It will do aschurn- ing for cent and milk 20 COWS with less than 10 cents worth of electricttM
 It can be enjoyed in any locality. Where homes are beyond reach of s1he central power station, small, independent electric plants can be installed to furns ish power and light for the entire farm premises.
 It saves time and money. It is the common testimony of farmers who use electricity about their property that they save anywhere from 20 to 25 hours a week, that is. from the labor of all the members of the family, by means of electric serv- ice.
 The cost of current from the centra power station will average about 12 cents per kiloWatt hour C900 watts an hour, With good farm electric plant it should run from four to eight cents per kflo' watt hour, depending on whether the fuel used is kerosene or gasoline.
 In any event, one-sixth or one-fourtf horsepower motor will run most of tht small farm machines like cream separa' tors, churns, flaming mills, horse clip
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12

fine registered Duroc-Jersey boar, the presence of which in this community will undoubtedly lead to a marked inn provement in the character of the hogs raised there.
 A comparison of the final results secured with the Tallapoosa county club with those secured from the two for one plan" will be very interest," ing, because there have developed some rather serious objections to the latter. It takes at least a year for it to work out to the point where the donor gets his money back, or the boys get any reward for their trouble and they are apt to become discour- aged, for year looks like long time to boy. Then there develop numer- ous cases where the pigs die Or ara not properly looked out for or fail to have filters. Then it is consider able trouble to gather up. register and sell them. so that altogether the plan, like raising chickens, does not work out so we'll in practice as 1t looks on
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12
SOFT HONEY CUSTARD
Girls Clubs Doing Nicely

That all food production and food preservation is not being done by the men folks is made clear by recently compiled figures, gotten up by Miss Mary Feminear, state home demonstra- tion agent of the Alabama extension service These figures show that the number of girls in the various clubs for this year amount to 11.917. divided up as follows: Canning club, 66So; poultry clubs, 3400; other clubs, 1887. Of course these girls are members of regularly organized clubs, and thou sands of others have been reached and benefited by this club work, but no account was taken of these when com piling these figures.
 The organized work of the home demonstration agents is not confined to girls clubs, as there are 6730 wom- en belonging to the regularly organ ized bodies and working under the supervision of these agents. This makes a total of 1S,647 girls and wom- en belonging to these organized bodies, and doing work along the lines of food production and food preservation.
 The home demonstration agents have not confined their work entirely to the members of these organized bodies, but have held hundreds of meetings where the women attending partici- pated in such activities as canning fruit and vegetables. bread making, etc. The women who have attended meeting of this kind during the fir st six months of 1918 number 275.000. These meetings were no "whoop-hur- rah'' affairs, but real information was given and helpful demonstrations car ried out, the women themselves par ticipating in the actual doing of the work at hand
 The total number of girls and worl- en that~were reached in this work dur ing the first six months of the year amounted to the astonishing total of
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12

done patches of decomposition may resu,t and such h.des are often reduced in mar ket Value at least 1 cent or more A pound.
 Tn building up pack of hides the outer cages should be kept little higher than the middle, so that the liquid or brine formed by the dissolving of the salt in the natural moiture of the hides may be absorbed by them. If the pack IS low on one side, or is built slanting Ike shed roof the brine Will seep out causing the hides to shrink in Weight Use salt that has been screened and is Tree from large Jumps and dirt Dirty salt will stain the fresh side of hides. One pound of salt to each pond of the hide is the general rule. Hides should re- main in pack from Is to 30 days and stored in cool (60 to 65 degrees FL cellars from which the outside air is excluded.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12

paper. Further, there is a curious point that the boys and their friends, while glad enough to get the pigs in the first place, get to figuring that the return of two pigs for one to the donor gives the latter too much inter- est on his money, they being inclined to forget the trouble that the donor has to go to and the losses that he is sure to incur. As a matter of fact, when the telephone company started on this two for one plan, it never did so with any intention of making money. but merely planned to come out even. so far as the cash investment went. contributing it's work and trou- ble without any expectation of profit or direct reward.
 Altogether the development of this experiment has been so far most suc- cessful. as well as interesting. and its further course will be carefully watched by all those connected with it. So far as is known, it is the only club that has been promoted on this basis
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12
More Sheep Needed

, AductiOn in this country can be increased mits of no doubt. This can
 plished by developing sheep stane ,., or farms, especially in the ca ta .,1,a,. a southern states. Steps should x.,o,, ..r,., in the east and south to do a = ,." M the sheep-killing dog menace bS he local action. Large results cs hrs,S cured by improving methods of ,,,, sac,,n and management on the range, aa far,, ing the restocking of improv ,sa nr lands with sheep, by the larger forage crops and pastures. by CT a,,,ss ing sheep and lamb clubs, by tsa ,nst ination of parasites. by protection ,nd hY, iosses i,oln ",,a. 1t from -n -ie .u ss oo ia,nus ..s,L,.4 .narat,, requir- ing a minimum of grain to finis nca nr and making possible the maintenf larger breeding flocks.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12
Silage Valuable for Sheep

A good quality of silage Is extremely palatable and can be fed to all classes Of sheep with good results. It must be remembered. however, that silage which is either very sour, moldly or frozen should not be fed
 Use of this succulent feed for sheep has attracted the attention of most farmers only during the past few years. Much has been said of it's bad effects upon sheep, but these have been due either to an inferior quality of silage or
 arelessness of the feeder and improper eeding.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12
Three sorehouses that will help the sugar supply

The present honey crop of the United States barely exceeds 250,000,000 pounds. That the country produces even this much is unknown to most people, 1t is stated; for while honey was the chief form of sugar used in ancient times, the ease of getting cane or beet sugar has placed honey in the background. Now that our sugar supply is reduced by reason of supplying the allies with part of the sugar they need, the demand for honey has increased not only domestically bDt also for export.
 If you keep bees, count yourself for tunate in these days of sugar stringency. The bees can provide you with one of the best of the sugar substitutes, and will make it possible for you to indulge your taste for sweets without hurting your conscience. With honey to supplement the limited sugar supply, the two pounds per person per month becomes liberal allowance.
 Not only is the honey useful to eat as such, either strained, in the comb. or cancied, but it lends itself to various combinations that make it practicable to use in place of sugar.
 Baker fruit such as whole apples with the cores removed: baked whole peaches or cooked dried fruit are very good sweet encd with honey in place of sugar. Pre- serves or marmalades may also be made Wllii liOhcE. <hPPiS oA PSe@i PA N'SA 'Ns made by the following recipe are very good.
 HONEY PRESERVES
 Two quarts apples or pears cut into small pieces, l teaspoon cinnamon. Z cups hcney, l cup vinegar.
 Heat the honey, vinegar and cinnamon together and cook the pieces of fruit a few at time In the syrup until they become transparent. Pour over all the syrup which remains after all the fruit is cooked.
 Honey may also be used in cake mak- ing or for sweetening ice cream, GUS tards or buildings, and in cake and cookie making In substituting honey for sugar you will get good results if you will follow your old recipes. substituting a cup of honey for cup of sugar and using one-fourth less of whatever liquid the recipe requires.
 SOFT HONEY CUSTARD
 Two cups milk, 3 egg yoks. E cup honey, 5s teaspoon salt.
 Mix the honey, eggs, and salt. Scala the milk and pour 1t over the eggs. Cook in double boiler until the mixture thickens.
 This custard is suitable for use 1T place of cream on desserts or to h' poured over sliced oranges or steWet fruit.
 Here are some cakes and cookies
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12
Stringy Milk

e..., ,,,,- |, c.v,oa h, lcteria
 S.a, tha ,,,;,l, . ftar ;t Is beer I Sl fro,,, +h. cn,p It l. rat causeG tha faad or .nS .hnorn,.i eo ditior .ha oou MIL ffactsd i,, ths way ;s at ,rha.Ithf,, h,,t ;t ;s cltainly rnat;s;r,.. n,o hac+ar,. which caused the trouble live in wate u e. .I. -s, ass, Las;os ~. ,..s ,,ta,ss;,s Where trouble is had from this conditf., .,o.h utensils, especially the strainer. Soas should be foiled. If this treating. I,,. not eliminate the trouble, the ire m, should be heated on the stove to, .tom. perature of 150 degrees, then le, 20 minutes and cooled as quickly sible.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12

2sS,s47. While the larger part of this number was reached only once or twice, yet real good was accomplished. Those in the organized work, num- bering 18,647, meet at stated inter- vaIs throughout the year and their work constitutes what might well De termed a course of instruction in home economies It Is hard to imagine any work that could possibly be of great CT importance than this.
 This home demonstration work is be- ing carried on by five supervisory and special agents, ,57 county home demon- stration gents and three urban agents. The total number of girls clubs is 1190, and of women's 423.
 There are approximately 25,o0o boys in the corn. pig and peanut. calf and other clubs, making total of about 42,000 boys, girls and women in this organized work in Alabama. Surely this record Is one that no Alabamian need to be ashamed of and one that cannot but mean tremendous help to the whole state.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12

making use Of honey for swcetening that have been tested and found good. Some soda is added In most cages be- cause of the slight acidity of honey:
 SOFT HONEY CAKE
 One-half cup butter, cup honey, egg, F cup sour milk. teaspoon soda. ginger, 4 cups flour. 1a teaspoon salt
 Rub the butter and honey together, add the egg, we'll beaten, then the sour milk. and the flour sirted with the soda and spices. Bake m a shallow pan,
 HONEY SPONGE CAKE
 Onc-half cup sugar, 1scup honey. 4 eggs, 1 cup sifted flour. A teaspoon salt.
 Mix the sugar and honey and boil until syrup will spin thread when dropped from the spoon. Pour the syrup over the yolks of the eggs, which have been beaten until light. Beat the mixture until cold; add the flour and cut and fold the beaten whites of The eggs into the mixture. Bake for 40 or DO minutes in pan lined with buttered paper in a slew oven
 HONEY DROP CAKES
 Three fourth cup honey. A cup but ter. E teaspoon cinnamon. 1s teaspoon cloves, 1 egg, ] F teaspoon soda, la b1espoons water, 1 cup raisins, cut in small pieces, A teaspoon salt, 1 tea spoon baking powder.
 Heat the honey and butter until the butter melts While the mixture is warn, add the spices. When cold add part of the flour, the egg well beaten, the soda dissolved in water, and the raisins Add enough other flour to make a dough that will hold it's shape. Drop by spoonfuls on buttered tin and make ;n a moderate oven.
 HONEY COOKIES
 Two-thirds cup honey. 2-S cups sugar. 2k cups flour, is teaspoon soda, 11s teaspoon cinnamon, teaspoon cloves, 1 teaspoon allsrice, F teaspoon salt 2ounces finely chopped candied orange peel, A pound walnut meats finely chopped.
 Sift together the flour. spices and soda, and add other ingredients knead thoroughly, roll out thin, and cut with a biscuit cutter. These cookies are very hard
 For otker recipes send to the United States department of agriculture for Farmers Bulletin No. 6!3, Honey and It's Uses in the Home. :" Make the most of your honey supply and save the sugar.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12
IF YOU OWN A FARM PLANT FIVE ACRES IN WHE
FACTS SABOUT NEW FARM POWER
By F. J. ST. JOHNS

pers. grindstones and washing machine for from to cents an hour, While t'l run a one-half horsepower motor, suci as will operate a milking machine of sev eral units, would cost only 3 or cent more.
 It is in operations like these that eiecf tricity effects a time saving. For Whllt 1t runs machines at almost no cost, handf are freed for labor that they must do- for tasks that must be done with time that is worth-who can say how "'r>F for who can say how many dollars ar hour farm labor is worth in certain rusf seasons. when crops are crying for atten1 tion and help is scarce?
 PROVING A GODSEND
 Electricity is proving a godsend today on many farms that have found them1 selves short-handed. There are so many jobs that ordinarily take the entire timt of someone until they are finished, jobs that can be done better with smal motor for or cents an hour, thar they can with time that may be wortf dollars for that same time.
 Take the matter of running water. A little electric motor will run a, pressure pump, keeping water piped automaticalls to any point desired about the hours barn, yard or garden.
 InlS pToViueS ruHiliHS Waeor ioi u9' in the dairy, kitchen. laundry, bath room for stock troughs or right at the managers y}n the stable. just at a turn of faucet 1 for sprinkling lawn and garden, fo uAashing carriages or automobile, and o,Ate as important, for fire. protection | A pressure of 50 pounds can be main l tained and this is sufficient to force { streAm of water over any of the farn buildings.
 l Pumping water about the farm hom ! makes possible considerable saving 0
 val,,a bIA time and adds as well to tn I value ahd convenience of the property 1 A me sixth horsepower motor will rul 1 the nun,d on an average installation ant
 the constant pumping, with electricity
 all the water neeoeo each oay on iai 6 farm for stock and household use is | negligible quantity.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12

To clean tops of stoves notning ls better than stick a foot long and an inch or two wide, with piece of emery cloth run up on one side and down the other and tackled in place: It is 1ust rough enough to take off the grease and dirt and is easily washed after 1t is used
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12
HONEY COOKIES
Milk Good for All

< Drink milk. Drink more milk. Pure, fresh, rick milk is food fit for the gods. Babies cannot live without milk; and growing children grow the faster for it. It gives vitality to youth, power to middle life and to old age it brings a goodly portion of the health and strength of former years, It should be used more largely by people of all ages. classes and conditions. Milk steadies the nerves. and adds to the health. physical strength and mental energy of those who use it. It excels coffee, and with it tea is not to be compared. We may drink 1t at meals and between meals It is delicious, refreshing, invig- orating It Is one of natures best gifts to man. Come let us have another glass of milk.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-12
LET HIDES COOL

Care should be taken to avoid placing any hides in the pack until they are free from animal heat. Allow them to lie folded for from three to five hours. or sufficiently long to allow the animal heat to get out of them. If this is not