davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1918-12-07
His Notes Are Good.

Is the living he makes on a sound
basis?'
you bet it is. He beats the bass
drum in band. Baltimore Ameri-
can.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1918-12-07
1.-THE Money Saving GIFT Store


1t is cinch that man is buying
domestic trouble when he talks pros
perity in a public speech after he
has been harping ON poverty at home
But there is no law to prevent "a
man from buying his w. S. S. quota
and presenting them to his wife as
Christmas present Great scheme
suppose you try it.
The only thing that marred the
success Of the booster banquet was
the tact that Mr. Wren didn't appear
on the program for a solo. Some
body overlooked a mighty good bet
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1918-12-07
TO OUR ALLIES

History will be magnificent to
America Men viii be born and
write their page and pass on;
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1918-12-07

W. s. s. means, I'VE Shall Sacri-
tice" Are you buying War Savings
Stamps?
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1918-12-07
Hits the Mark.

Husband-"It is a strange thing,
but true, that the biggest fools have
the most beautiful wives"
Wife "Oh, you flatterer."
Judge.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1918-12-07
SCRIPTURE

i. i + + i. = = i : 4 T. \.
Psalm 98:1
o sing unto the Lord new song;
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1918-12-07

some day.'-Jewell (Kan) Republi-
can.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1918-12-07

= = , = = = = T = = T =
+ +
+ A STOLEN SMILE 'ER TWO j.
+ =
+ j. + + = + + y j. + T. +
An Eye on the Futures
Better be polite to every boy you
meet. He might be your colonel
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
TWO THOUSAND
ARE CAPTURED
BY JAPANESE
Opposition 10 Eastern Siberia
Seems Broken and Juncture
Is Now Being Sought

TOXIC, septembe, 2s-(speciaI to
Nippu JijD-The japanese cavalry
which captured the citv of Blagovcst
ehensk, capital Of the Amur province
and the last stronghold in the Eastern
Siberia OF the Bo1sheyiki, is now ad.
vSncihg west from the captured city,
along the AmuF railway, in an effort to
effect a junction with the Japanese
force under the command Of Lieutenant,
General K. Fdjii, which is advancing
east from Cbita, capital of the Trans
baikalia prstince in Central Siberia.
This cavalry has captured Alexievsk,
a city about forty miles north Of Blngo.
veStcheusk.
More than 2O00 BoIsheriki and re,
leased GsrniAu and Austrian prisoners
were, captured By the Japanese at Blag
Orestc hensk and AIexieYsk.
The defeated enemy is scattered and
little resistance is being offered against
the advance Of the victorious Japanese
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
Horrible Conditions In Russia
Rouse Sympathy In Hungry Finland

WASHINGTON, September 23-~(A AS.
sociated Press) -+Stories of anarchy,
murder aud suffering In Russia con
tinue to flow in and show the course
pursued BY the government in calling
upon the world to protect against the
refgh of Bofshevfk terrorism is time
ly and, well taken! 1t is also manifest
from dispatches that Germany is com
ing out openly in its alliance with
Bolshevism for it is calling on all Tcu-
tons in Russia to assist the BOLsheviki.
Writing from Petrograd the CORES
poudent of the Hamburg Nachrlrhten
says that the Russiau People s Com
misary Lenine, has urged the people
of VOIogda to the, ruthless persrcu
tion of all British, French and Amcri
can, residents,
Call For Help
Official dispatches from llelslmgfors
said that in view OF the conditions of
anarchy and murder In Pettograd and
the defets6less situation of the greater
nart of the population. Finland's 3 GOV.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
Popular Aviator Is
Promoted TO-
.Lieutenltaat Colonel
Harold N. Clark, Transferred Re-
Gently To Mainland After Being
disciplined Here, Climbs Up a
Peg In Rank - Now Military
Flyer

It's Lieut.. Colonel Harold NJ Clark,
United States Army, now. He was
Major Clark when ne ieft Honolulu,
after having been disciplined to some
extent partly because of his i'll fated
seapIaue flight to Hawaii which ended
in the woods back of HilO, and partly
because he was alleged to have taken
David KahanamOku as a passenger in
his machine one day.
When he left here Major Clark was
supposed to have been under orders TO
report at a cantonment depot for ser,
vice in a branch other than the avia-
ton corps. Letters just received here
from him indicate that this order was
never carried out and that when he was
promoted he was assigned to service as
a military aviator.
Colonel Clark is the first man who
ever made flight from Honolulu To
Hawan. He alighted first ON Maui and
then on Hawaii. Ou the Big Island he
brought his machine down in forest
in thick fog. The engine WAS recent.
" salvaged and brought back to Fort
Kamehameha.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
Shells, ALLIES. -.
FALLING IN LA0N|


WASHINGTON; , September ,22,,4r
tOHicioD 20 ehetaI PsSten c. Mareh,
United States Of ehief, !, snmmariEipg
the situation on the various battle
fronts during last week as having baeti
particularly and continually. good said:
"On the Western ftoft our new line
IN Lorraine has heea quickly stabilized,
The enemy is ,h1rriedly strengthening
his dew line Of; dsfease along his 90
called "K1iegabild fne'' on front Of
about twcny niifes from near MaiEeray
to n point north"6f Wanderers on. the
Mos"llc river Ws are ten miles from
CoDRsns and twelve miles from Metz,
."In Picardy the British and French
have resumed their offensive on the
Cambrsi and st. Quentin towards the
Old Hihdenbure lide. In spite of the
concentration of enemy forces that are
defending this sector, our Allies have
progressed sieadily and the enemy Is
reported to, have lost very heavily II
has been officiAlly' confirm cd that on
ono day alone moro than 10 900 prison
crs were taken.
Sheihng Laon ~ -. r;fri I'd.
con tine plateau. to the northeast of
Soissons the French have continued to
force back the. eRemyIs best troops
until they Are within half a mile OF the
Junction OF the Maubauge road and the
Chemi n .des. Danes and within ten miles
Of EEoh. wbieh3ssbcihg shelled BY the
French long range guns.r',,.A4 J..
Reports about the successful opera,
ton ,ofthe Serbian amy on, the BallGap
front are yeorreebs The, Serbian army
attacked the Bnledrishs t'phsfa from,
twety five miles IN length and drove
them back twenty miles 49, = 49, =,
at is officially reported that the
British have reOpened activities In Pal
Rstine1 to ,L.,
Pershing Reports "la',
Generaf ,Pefshing in his communidue
on the lighting Of Saturday said. ~
side from patrol Encounters and in
creased aviation activity in the WOeVre
sector. the day vas uneveBtful id all
sectors occupied BY our troops.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
YANK AVlAT0RS
CARRIED OUT. ORDERS

AN AMERICAN AERODROME
: -IEwHERE IN FRANCE, August
81, Associated Press)ITwelve pill
OTIS stood In semieircle around a
desk GU which was spread large map
"The push starts tomorrow" said
the colonel 1--WE have allotted to Us
this zone 1t is our job to wreck stat
ions, trains and bridges in there, -
The pilots saluted and filed out. By
nine O'Clock the next morning, two
trains had been derailed, one ammuni-
ion train was on Are and still explod
ing, and two railway stations lay in
ruins The infantry, thanks In part, 20
the work of the airman in hampering
the movements of the German reserVeB,
had advanced mile on ten nile
front
The official aviation report for the
day said: "One Of our machines. is
missing; two German machines were
destroyed" "
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24

crument feels that on purely human,
tartan grounds it cannot refuse to per
NIT Russian, English, American apd
Italian refugees to come into Finland
but that, owing to the scarcity of food
supplies the government is compelled
to beg Norway, Sweden and Denmark
to help in caring for them.
Kaiser Advises
News has been received by the way
of Peking that the German emperor
has called upon all subjects OF Germany
and Austria, now in Russia and has
issued orders to them that 1t is their
duty to join the soviet forces to oppose
Japan and the Allies who are threaten
ing to restore the eastern front.
Rebel Resigns
From Archangel comes word that Col.
T. Chaplin, leader Of the recent attempt
to overthrow Tschaikovsky' provision
al government in Northwestern Russia,
has resigned as commander Of the Rus,
sian forces and is succeeded by Colonel
TVanOff.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
JAPANESE SCIENTIST !
CORNING THIS WAY

TOXIC. JAPAN; July 3l+--(Associated
Press) -.7Dr. M MatataTe Matsumoto, pros!
fsssor of literature at the Imperial Uni,
versity and a ,spseialist on, psychology
has been delegstkd, TO proceed TO- the
United States, to study the, recent prog
ress, of experimental Psychology, espe
eially the application of psychological
searches to military affRirS, r.,
Doctor Matsumpto viii sail for Amer.
lea neI, month .l1 and remain .S ,h there Ht one
tee for investigation of experimental
psye biology applied ID military affairs
dfganized by high oficers OF the Jap
aneae navy! From the United States
Doct6F Mhtsumoi6 win visit Canada to
inspect tIFe conditions of 'te.eduehtion
Of the soldiers crippled in the war, and
later will proceed TO England, France
and spain for study.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
BR|f|SRIhAIHES :. :.
'GAltMBBE6R6OND
At -FOUR POINTS
.ySasFso tsetttt4- kS. ~ y; v. -
Nib6iinusa t;aetlss Result In
Standardization of,oH oHalg's
Positions all Along Line ..o
STRONG RESISTANCE IS -
MET AND rs OVERCOME
Battle Rapes fhtSugholt Day
"s e Bsssss, BSdsslssSt !


NEW YORK, September Ga-thsso.
tiatod Press)--Continning the Foch
abiding tsetisS General Haig's FORCES
bit hard ana smashsJ tbeE GERM n. lines
at fout distinct and ssi,arslea rpintt
along The British frohts ID SONS Of
these sectipns, a. ytigsnsd effort is
being made By tbs Prdtsiaps to 4 rs.
taih Their hold on what Of tbs! linden.
burg line Is still in thoir hands, ~ y
To the north o. fRs River scatpe the
longest advance Of Tuesday .Nas made
Hefe the front in a ne neighborhoed of
Gavrelle, before bouat was advanced
for two miles. 4
Bayo Of Fighting a.,
= Between Eambraf and. St. Qnent'n,
Haig's men struck hard md oyercnIBe
4 strong resistahee.a To the wet, Of
Epehy they stormed and captured at
the ,bayonets PoiAt several strongly foE
ganiiedi poihts of German tesistance.
In the adjacent sector, between Bpehy
and Viliefs GonBlaib the further ad
vances were Tfiadea;,s,r!4 IL = EM =,
At MocuVrs, TO the west Of Cambria
on the Canal dn Nord heavy enemy
counters, were successfully met and
were repulsed With losses and the Bri
tish positions improScd by the subse
o16nt advaueese - 90 r'',
Battle In Progtess<, a t,f -
, -.'Yestedaay the eheiny STACKED north
wsst bf lie Bassee on the north Bank
of the Basse river, and here. the
fighting eontfnncd sfliriouly throughout
the day and was still in progress last
night. e.
In the Berlin. official report which
was, issued last night Tepalse, of Rt
tacks we're claiHed and heavy allied
IoSses fnfercftialiy indicated This re
port said:n' Under tho projection Of 3
heavy batra9e and accohpahied By
, tanks in large; Numbers and by savia
tors the British ia1hshed d, great at
task upop. the Gsrhfsn positions be
tween Gongic6urt Wood and Hafgicoutt
north wed 6t ST. QnShtin. This attach
as other assaults ! at other points
in our line were fepdlsed.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
SOUTH CHINA =.
MAY GIVE HSU
IT'S SUPPORT
Date For Inauguration Set and
Reports Say Southern Lead
erS Will Bnite For Him .

TOXIC, September 22-(Spccian-
"residPnt HSn Shi Chang. who was re
vrntly elected as the chief executive
e the Chinese republic. will be inau
Curated October 10. the date havinL
been decided today. Hsu will be the
fifth president Of the young republic
When he is formerly ushrred into the
Jffire.
The re, olutiouary gov ernmrut at
Canton, which refused to recognize
Hsu s election as constitutional on the
ground that be was named by the
Pcking parliament which it claims il
Illegally constituted, is reported to az
having changed it's attitude toward
the president elect and il Is said when
he is formerly inaugurated, the South
will recognize him
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
Whole World Is Asked TO
End BOlSheviki Terrorism

WASHINGTON, September
the
undet the he
to
o awles
is 10 conduct
DaT
formed
suGc
of
filed hey
he Eni 0
the y
aid
natiO upon princpe Of
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
GIFT 0F PHILIPPINES
SLIDES DOWN THE WAYS

PACIFIC PORT, September - CAs,
sOciated. Press s)-Thc new United
States destroyer Jose Rial, slid from
the ways today and was christcncd 10y
Mrs. j. 6. De Eeyra, wife of the resi-
dent commissioner from the Philip,
pines.
This destroyer is named in honor
OF Jose Rizab the Philippine patriot
who was pot TO death by the Spanish.
II was donated, TO the United States
government bS the Philippine congress.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
DoWNEO FOUR TO onE

LONDON, August 3O-iAssoeiateC
Press The British, during the yea
ending JuIir 30 last: brought down CON
siderabIy over 1000 German aircraft
while British machines missing hav'
ONLY slightly exceeded 1000, II is Off
cially announced rp
Gormnn machines refuse battle un
leSs they have decided supetiorit'
Ia numbers" it is adtlea. ,"Wherl
numbers nre equal British victory i
assured; whrr" numbers are with th'
Germans, British victory is very fire
queut. ~
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
pRoPoBTl1R oF DEAD
TO WOUNDED IS LARGE

WASHINGTON, September 93-(As.
sOciated Press)-In the single casualty
list which was made public by the war
department yesterday, army losses OF
1893 and dnee more the list Of those
Killed in action and dead Of wounds
or other causes seems disproportionate
ly large, forming nearly half Of the
losses.
Classified az to causes the losses
were: killed in action, seventy eight
dead of wounds, forty nine; dead of
other causes, twenty seven; wounded
1925 and missing sixty.One.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
SAXON SOCIALIST
LEADERS ARRESTED

WASHINGTON, September Com,
ciaD Twelve leaders of the Saxon in,
dependent Socialist party have been
arrested in DRESDEN, Chemnitz and
Zwickau as result Of the serious unrest
that is reigning in the industrial re-.
Rions Of SaxoIy, it is reported in a
despatch from Dresden which has been
received in Amsterdam
The German military cenSOrs have
undertaken to put their ban upon all
news which gives details Of the dis
fsrbanees ieadiRg up to the arrests ~
Of the Hftests thdfiselves, but some news
has leaked through 10 private messa geS.
General Pershings eommmique OF
the Sunday fighting said "An Amer
lean raiding party in the Woevre sec
tor penetrated the enemy line at two
points, inAicting numerous casualties
and bringing back twenty-five Pris
Ouprs.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
SOLDIERS WILL
RECEIVE BOXES
FOR CHRISTMAS
Government Expects Two and a
Hall Million Men In France
BY Then-0Re Box Each

WASHINGTON, September 22--
(OfhCial) )-Arrangc ments for the
ut tlIvUry Of two AID a half million
OF more Christmas packages, one
package for each of the two and
a half million or more soldiers that
are expected TO be In France by
the holiday season have been com
pleted between the war department
and the Rcd Cross, it is announced
by The war department.
1t has been decided by the war
department to provide for the de-
livery of one package to each man
from his nearest relative or other
designated relative.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
AUSTRIAHs HtEuSE to
GO TO WESTERN FRONT

BASlE, September 23--( Associated
Press An Austrian regiment at Rov.
no, in the Russian province of NoIhy
MIA Is reported in dispatches from
Kiev' to have refused TO 60 to the
Battlefront in France. 1t il said that
this regiment has been Joined in its
refusal to obey orders by two other
regiments and the mutiny has not been
quelled.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
COLDS CAUSE HElDlcHES

LAXATIVE BRoMO 0UIN1NE re.
moves tile cause Used the world owe :
to cure a cold in one day. The sigma,
ture Of E. w. GROVE is on each box
Manufactured by the IARIS NED
CINE CO., 81 Louis, u. S A.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
GIRLS ARE KILLED IN
AMMUNITION FACTORY

AMSTERDAM, September 22--(As
sOciatta Press) Vienna newspapers say
that the recent explosion in the fac
tory at Weelerdorfr, near the capital
killed 3S2 workers and that most of the
victims were girls.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
Adyqnse sttesps S,*tyMpss
North and Nazareth
Falls To AHenby
Cavalry Leads Way and
Holds Important Points
OH Rodd To Da,nacus

ONDON September 23-[Associated Press Jifoing back
l. and rolling up the Turkish forces before
under General Aenby with cavalry we'll in advance sweeping
rresstaby northwad and has virtually annted the Ottoman
forces in that region officially announced last evening
British cavalry leading the for tfe Of General Allen
by whose front extends from the Jordan the Mediterranean
have penetrated through Palestine beyond city Naza
reh of biblical and have taken Afu
south OF Nazareth and Beizan the railroad fifteen
southeast of Afu and which little than miles
west OF Deaa the direct road to Damascus and seventy miles
from that objective When the main body OF brought
to the ouPosts the British line will extend from Nazareth
to the Mediterranean at the important seaport Of Haa
TURK FORCES ANNiHILAfED
The flight Of the Ottoman army retreat complete
and diSordery The morale Of the
Turks suendeng by the thousand In fighting
suit OF the past few days marking resumption strong
and big guns the number of 20 captured The fleeing
have been able find time burn otherwise destroy sup
plies and large stores Of munitions and other supplies
taken
This means that the Ottoman army in this region has
ual annIhated lhe British losses have been
Though unable the Jordan
the other bank small bands Of the enemy Sought refuge
the Hills Of Eprn and the rough hy Au
and Nazareth.
SIxTY-MILE ADVANCE
The advance of General
miles north from its starting point line between Jerusalem and
Jericho From that line the advance While the
urks that took to the hills after the capture Of Jerusalem
being driven out into the surrounded In their
Once really started proceeded the River Jordan forcing
the rerganzed foe steadily before and
from proceeded Another division proceeded up
the railroad through Tu Kari Samaria and eun Be
tween these two advancing forces hills Of Epham The
flank guarded by the Jordan River left flank by the
where the British given support as thec re-
fuired
Thus since late last Palestine Of Jerusalem
has been cleared of Mosem armed north Of Nazareth
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24

HaFe you ever tried Chamberlain 8
Pain Balm for rheuma tisti' II NOT
you are wasting fine. az the longer
this disease, runs on the barber il "a
to cure. Get bottle today, apply II
with vigorous massage to the afflicted
parts and you viii be SURPRISED and
delighted at the relief obtained. For
sale by all dealers. BenLOn, Smith 4
Co., Ltd, agents tor Hawaii-Adv.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24

I'm Auaby
!N and tgeh ar north NSah aqH TqFhh Hs
md Jordan Rver)
This sarres The advancto thn about mi Of
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
EssanSSssAaR R'ss. + ssIs Sguts s,s .
:. .. spppls e;, FGs LEFT Flank and
Guns Are Coming Up
RslNFoRcEDENts SEER
I'd STEM SERBS Drive
Italians Join With Epishis and
Score Successes Al 0htset;
Long Advances Made By Ser
biahs Who Take VILLAGES

WAsH,Hcr9n, SsR,s@.sr eGss.,
With the right wing Of the Bul-
garian army in Macedonia smash
ed and thrown back long dis
tances and the railroad which car
ries supplies to the left flank seri-
ously threatened, retirement Of
the entire Bulgarian front appears
to be inevitable. Yesterday the
Italian forces joined in the Bal
kan offensive and won successes
when they began a vigorous ad-
vance from the bend of the Cerna
River. q,
Serbians, French, British,
Greeks and Italian forces are now
conducting tie Macedonian drive
with the Serbian army in largest
force. .,....-.r
The Hawaiian gazette., 1918-09-24
LINE THREATENED

Official dispatches from the
Macedonian front last night told
Of the continued success Of the
offensive and Of the menacing of
the entire enemy line. Tie Ser
bians and their Allies are stead
lily forcing the Bulgarian and Ger
man forces back. In Central
Macedonia the advance proceeded
more than twenty kilometers and
is now within four miles Of the
Cskub- Saloniki railroad which is
the main artery of supply to the
Bulgarian forces who are oppos-
ing the British and the French on
the Serbian's right. AS soon as
artillery can be brought up be
hind the rapid advance of the
Serbs the railroad will have been
brought under the Allied guns
The cutting of this railroad will
force the retirement of the entire
left wing Of the enemy and would
cause a general readjustment OF
all of his lines and his entire sys7
TEN Of defense in this region. Tc
prevent this large bodies of Bull
gatS and Germans are being
brought up i'll desperate offer tC
check the Serbians and maintain
their hold upon the railway,
SWEEPING ONWARD
In yesterdays advance the Ser
Bians captured sixteen Villages
and twelve large guns. Theft out
posts have been extended severaI
kilometers north Of Kavadar and
1t is here that the reinforced
enemy, with fresh Bulgarian and
German troops are counterini
hard and putting up a, defense
that shows sheer desperation.
Rome reported the participa
ton OF Italy in an official despatcl
which said: I'm conjunction witt
the general Entente offensive il
Macedonia the Italians have be
gun vigorous advance. On tho
bend Of the Cerna River, to the
east OF the Monastir front, W,
|progressed'ycsterday and took i'm
portant enemy positions.
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1918-03-15
EXTRACTS FROM LETTERS
FROM SOLDIERS IN FRANCE

. "Over here the farmer says, you
didn't fix the price on wheat; bubble
over the price Of wheat before they
can raise it. Every French cripple is
member of a great army that is
fighting to produce food to add to the
nations supply, regardless of return.
We don't know yet what it means to
produce every bit Of food the land will
yield"
1--WE are on this country's ration and
is hardly sufficient for a grown man.
We have our breadless and coffeeless
days. It is sure hard for us to eat
meat and spuds without bread and
coffee. How do you think the folks
in the U. s.. A. would enjoy such a
meal? But we are hoping to be back
with Uncle Sans provisioning in few
day so we will take it as it comes.
nearly forgot I want you to be sure
to send those Hump cigarettes as soon
AS possible The tobacco is impos-
The Washburn leader. [volume] (Washburn, McLean County, N.D.) 1890-1986, 1918-03-15
WHETHER GERMANY is TO
WIN OR LOSE THIS WAR


The Duluth Herald: Germany, be-
cause of the weakness of poor. dis
tracted Russia, Is grabbing with both
hands. 1t is stealing a vast territory
people by a vast population. 1t al
ready has Poland, Serbia, Monte
negro, most of Rumania, most of Bel
GUM, large area in Northern France
But all this has no meaning-utter.
ly no meaning.
If Germany WINS this war, she
will not only keep what she has saiz.
ed but will take anything else she
may have a fancy for
If Germany LOSES this war, she
won't keep one square foot of her iii.
gotten gains.
How many square miles Germany
siezes, how many millions of human
beings she puts under subjection by
one variety of foul means or another
has no meaning.
What HAS meaning-and a vital
meaning that concerns every civilized
being in the world as nothing else
In all the world now concerns him
is whether Germany is to win or lose
this war. It all rests upon that.
And as to that, we have something
to say-every man, woman and child
has something to say, and to DO.