davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23
McAdoo the Most Powerful Man
In America Next TO President

William Gibbs McAdoo was, newt to
Woodrow Wilson, the most powerful
man in the United States.
His rise from obscurity as 3 LAWYER
in the South to the outstanding Ameri
can OF the last few years in business,
inance and engineering, has been
without precedent. His close associa-
tlon with the President, beginning in
the early days of Mr. Wilson's candi-
dacy, and brought close by his mar
rlage in 1914 to the daughter of the
Chief Executive, brought to the pair of
men chiefly responsible for Americas
effective participation in the war, the
somewhat distasteful title of "the
reigning family"
Powers Forced Upon Him
Ihe VIDE powers held by Mr.. Nc
Adoo, the accumulation of his wears in
office, we're forced on him one by one,
as growing demands on Americas IS war
programme necessitated expansion Of
the financial and business organization
of the country under one head. AS the
closest adviser of President Wilson Mr..
McAdoo assisted in formulating the ma
! tlon's policy, and was thoroughly ac-
quainted with the direction of its
growth.
AS Secretary of the Treasury Mr. Nc
Adoo became, through legislation which
ne drafted and pressed upon Congress,
almost the dictator. of finance in Amer
lea. Before Americas entry into the
war he obtained the passage of the
McAdoo currency bill, establishing the
regional Federal Reserve system and
reorganizing the banking system of the
country.
Financed Great War
With the declaration Of war by the
United States early in 1917, the task
{ or nancing the conflict fell to Mr.. Nc.
Adoo not only for America, but also for
{ the Allies, to whom loans were Jnadc
which, before the signing of tho ar,
mlsticc in November, aggregated eight
billion dollars.
The four Liberty loans, tho organized
( sale or war savings stamps and thrift
stamps system Of money raising
originally suggested by the Sccrctarv..ff
the distribution Of the country's enor.
nous debt by the disposition of cert
hcates OF indebtedness to banking in.
stltutions, were the various methods
chosen by Mr. McAdoo to meet tho 4,
nancial burden of the war. With seem,
ing case he provided and disburseo
from ten to twenty times as much
money annually as this country eve,
spent before.
Promoted Thrift Drive
u was Mr.. McAdoo also who pro-
moted the campaign for national thrift
and later, in other capacities, eliminat.
ing as unessential to the winning of
the war. many sources Of expense Incl.
DENT to the organizations under his
control. '''
=. In the realm of financial legislation
M. McAdoo planned the War Finance
corporation to extend loans to war in.
dustrlee under government supervision
INTO MS hands came control of mn.
tionai insurance, including insurance
1or the soldiers, and as practical finan.
cia! dictator he held dominating no.
sition in the coatrol Of foreign ex-
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23

change, trading IN stocks, bonds and
commodities.
AS Director General of Railroads, an
ONCE which came to him with the seiz-
ure OF the carriers by the government
III December, 1917, and was confirmed
III April, 1915, after the passage of the
natlonal railroad control bill, Mr.. Nc
Aooo assumed seemingly Unrestricted
and arbitrary powers.
Raised Rates and Wages
tic dictated rates and wages. lie
raised both.
lie determined priority rnutcs. CO.
operating with though az the same
time debating to Herbert Hoover. Focj
Admlnlstrator, and Harry A. Garfield.
Fuel Administrator. H brought the
Interstate Commerce Commission into
line with his traffic policies. He seized
all canals and waterways in April. and
IN May combined all express companiee.
Besides his two chief Offices, Mr.. Nc
adoo was member. and in many eases
chairman, of many war committees and
boards organized for local administra-
tlon. He was ex-otficio member Of +he
Farm Loan Board He was chairman
OF the Port War Board of New York
which had full control of the harbor
traffic for the duration of the war. He
was chairman of the Federal Reserve
Board. and of the United States sec.
t''n Of the international High Commits
sion
Built Hudson Tunnels
Mr.. McAdoo came into prominence by
uilding. between 1902 and 1918. a
series of four railroad tunnels under
the Hudson River, the so-caled Nc
Adoo tubes, project pronounced i'm
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23

the Democratic majority in Congress.
Mr.. McAdoo made a tremendous fight
to have the revenue bill, now pending
passed last summer. He wanted it out
of the way before the beginning of the
last Liberty Loan campaign. When the
slowness of Congress made that impos-
slble he tried to get it through before
election. When that failed he wanted
it through before the conclusion of this
has begun an effort to have the bill
provide for both this year and next
year and the evidences are clear to-
night that this also will fail.
He induced the President, at the be-
ginning of this fight, to go before Con-
gress and urge the passage of the reve-
nue. bill before the Liberty Loan cam
palgn, and so that business would know
where it stood.
Following are few Of the jobs Mr..
McAdoo is giving up:
l. Secretary Of the Treasury.
2. Director General of Railroads.
3. Member of Federal Reserve Board.
4. Member of Farm Loan Board.
5. Director of international High
Commission (outgrown Pan american
Financial Conference).
s. Head of War Risk Insurance Bu-
reau (marine).
7. Head of Soldiers and Sailors In
surance Bureau
8. Member of War Cabinet, as we'll
as ordinary Cabinet.
8. Head Of the Capital Issues Com
mittce.
The gossip in Washington tonight
is that the Secretaryship of the Treas
TRY will be given either to Bernard NJ.
Baruch, now head of the War Indus
tries Board, or John Shelton Williams,
now Controller Of the Currency, to
which ne was promoted from Assistant
Secretary Of the Treasury. Another
name much mentioned was Daniel c.
Roper, Roper was formerly Assistant
Postmaster. General. He resigned to
work in the campaign which reelected
Wilson in 1915. Now he is Commits
sioner of Internal Revenue under Mr..
McAdoo.
The President is known to have q
high regard for all three men.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23
John D. Ryan Quits
Aircraft Post for
Private Business
Secretary Baker Accepts
Resignation and Thanks
Plane Director

WASHINGTON. Nov. 22.-The resig-
nation of John D. Ryan as Director of
Air Service and Second Assistant
Secretary of War was announced to-
day by Secretary Baker. Mr.. Ryan
will return to his private business.
The resignation is to take effect at his
convenience, Secretary Baker express
ing only the hope that it will be after
plans for contract cancellation and
demobiliza:ion have matured.
President Wilson called upon Mr..
Ryan, who was president of the Ana
conda Copper Company, to take charge
of aircraft production last May, after
charges Of delay and deficiencies in the
programme had been aired in the
Senate.
Resignng his private connections,
Mr.. Ryan became Director of Aircraft
Production, and chairman of the Air
craft Board. Three months later he
was made Director of Air Service and
Assistant Secretary Of War, with COM
piete charge of aeronautics. His per-
Iected programme was just getting into
full swing when the armistice ended
the war.
improvement shown under his ad-
mnlstration was commented upon by
Charles F. Hughes in his report on
the inquiry he conducted for the De.
partmens Of Justice. at the Presidents
request.
In his letter of resignation Mr.. Ryan
said:
Il feel strongly that now the war is
over, my duty lies in the line of my
former work" ne wrote. Labor and
industry of the country must be quick
iy adjusted from . war TO peace basis.
and the copper production is one of the
most vital to the country's welfare. |
believe ! can do much in helping to
bring about stable conditions aud that
SHOULD take up the work immedi-
ately."
In accepting Mr.. Ryan's resignation
Mr.. Baker wrote: The. sense OF sure
your advent contributed to the air SER
vice made from the first a marked i'm
provement in the entire prospect"
William c. Potter, chief assistant to
Mr.; Ryan for production, also has asked
to be relieved so that he can return to
his private business. His home is in
New York City.
Secretary Baker said Mr.. Potter
would be relieved as soon as he could
close up the affairs with which he is IN
direct touch
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23
CAPITAL Thinks McAdoo Seeks
To Be Nominated for President

There is very genuine regret in all
quarters in Washington, however, at
the resignation of Mr.. McAdoo. He is
admired far more generally and deeply
than any other member of the Cab
met.
II was recalled tonight that Mr. Nc
Adoo probably had more to do with
forcing the United States into the
war than any other one man in
the Administration. II is known posi-
lively that for several weeks before
President Wilson finally made up his
mind to ask Congress to declare war
Mr.. McAdoo was bringing every con-
ceivablc pressure to bear on the Prcsi-
dent.
If Senator whose opinion Mr.. Nc
Adoo thought would have weight with
the President was quoted to the Sccrc-
tary as believing that his state favored
war, AIR McAdoo at once got in touch
with that Senator and urged him to ex-
press similar views to the President
without delay.
In the days Immediately following
the entry of the United States in the
war, III fact, from the first day, when
there was quite a general belief in
Washington that our participation
would consist merely of money and
supplies, and that no army would be
sent abroad, Mr.. McAdoo, warmly Cup
ported by Sccretarios Houston and
Lane, took up the cry Of the French
Ambassador, Mr.. Jusscrand: "Rcturn
hochambcau's visit and worked in.
cessantly for the sending OF an ex.
petition as soon as possible.
mr.. McAdoo made these two fights
At time wnen no otner Cabinet mem
bcr dared voice All opinion to President
Wilson which he was not sure would
find favor He furnished a lcadership
for following in the Cabinet which
probably would not otherwise have cx-
listed,
There was much speculation. and
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23
Continued from page I

him, no matter what happens in the
future
Mr.. McAdoo has demonstrated both
his position on the matter and his abil-
ity: He has shown his regard for the
workers by liberal increases in wages.
The increase in the freight and pas
ecnger rates can be charged up by his
TRENDS to war conditions. Their con-
tinuancc after the war becomes the
burden Of his successor.
incIdentally, whoever takes his place
viii not be comparable with Mr.. Nc
Adoo, 1t is pointed out. since it. is
very evident from the exchange Of let
ters between the President and Mr.
McAdoo that at least two men will be
appointed to fi)l his place, one as Di-
rector General Of Railroads and the
other as Secretary of the Treasury.
Some Republicans tonight expressed d
the view that McAdoo was n shrcwd
enough political observer to know that
the Wilson Administration was on the
downgrade in popular strength, and
that by cutting loose at this time Mr..
McAdoo vas preventing a decrease in
his own prestige which would certainly
follow his longer connection with the
Administration.
It Is further pointed out that by re-
tiring to private life, in view OF oil
the existing conditions, Mr.. McAdoo
: would be in a much better strategic
position by 1920 for the Democratic
! nomination, and incidentally would be
able, without embarrassment 10 him
self or 10 the Administrations, To make
the sort Of fight for the principles he
himself advocates, instend Of being
bound by principles and ideas not alb.
solute.y In limo with his own views.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23
urk Premier Urges
Entente Send Advisers

LONDON, Nov. 22.-An intervisv
had by a British correspondent at Con.
stantinople with Tewfik Pacha, th
Turkish Premier, Is prined in this
mornings newspapers. The Premis'
said he wished TO work in a spirit u
peace and cancellation.
I'VE have some capable men, fs
added, "but they have always bssr
kept Of office. A solution Of our dis'
eulties would be to ask the Enbnh
Powers to lend Us some trained admin
istrators and advisers
The correspondent says the prsssh'
Cabinet probably is a temporary one
1t does not include any marked per
sonality.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23
McAdoo Resignation
AY10zes Neu Workers

Bankers, railroad men and lawyers
IN New York, while expressing aston
ishment at the resignation of Mr.. Nc
Adoo, refused to comment on it for
publication last night. Frank Wander
lip said the news was the most alnsz-
ing he had ever heard, but declined
to comment pending further informa-
ton.
Charles Sabin, when Informed by a
Tribune reporter of the resignation,
said; 81 don't understand it. 1t Is the
most remarkable thing / have ever
heard"
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23
Wilson's Acceptance Letter

The Presidents letter of accept.
ance, dated November 81, follows
'My Dear Mr.. Secretary:
II was not unprepared for your
letter of the 18th, because you
had more than once, of course,
discussed with me the circum-
stances which have long made it
a serious personal sacrifice for
YOU to remain in Office. l knew
that only your high and exacting
sense of duty had kept you here
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23

affairs unless l am relieved of my
present responsibilities.
ri am anxious to have my re-
tirement effected with the least
possible inconvenience to yourself
and to the public service, but it
would, think, be wise to accept
my resignation now, as Secretary
Of the Treasury, to become effec-
tive upon the appointment and
qualification of my successor, so
that he may have the opportunity
and advantage of participating
promptly in the formulation of the
policies that should govern the
future work of the Treasury.
Effective on January
Il would suggest that my resig-
nation as Director General of
Railroads become effective Janu-
ary /, 1919, or upon the appoint
ment of my successor.
81 hope you Will understand,
my dear Mr.. President, that | will
permit nothing but the most i'm
perious demands to force my with
drawal from public life. Always
I shall cherish as the greatest
honor of my career the opportu-
nifty you have so generously given
me to serve the country under
your leadership in these epochal
times. Affectionately yours,
"W G. M'ADOO,"
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23

OF Viscount Rhondda last July Pre-.
vious to that he had been parlismsr.
tary Secretary to the Food Controlsr
Mr.. Clynes is Laborite and has rep
resented Manchester. Northeast ID
Parliament since 1906.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23
Lord Robert Cecil
Resigns Cabinet Post

LONDON, Nov. 22.-Lord Robert
Cecil, Under Secretary Of State for
Foreign Affairs, has resigned.
The cause of his resignation is de-
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23
World Admires Ability.

''The whole world admires, |
am sure, as / do, the skill and
executive capacity with which you
handled the great and complex
problem of the unified adminis-
tration of the railways under the
stress of war uses, and will re-
gret, as ! do, to see you leave
that post just as the crest of its
difficulty is passed.
"For the distinguished, disin~
terested and altogether admirable
service you have rendered the
country in both posts, and espe-
cially for the way in which you
have guided the Treasury through
all the perplexities and problems
Of transitional financial condi-
tions, and of the financing of war
which has been without precedent
alike in kind and in scope, | thank
you with sense of gratitude that
comes from the very bottom of
my heart.
"Gratefully and affectionately
yours, WOODROW WILSON,"
1t is entirely probable that the
President may fill separately the Of
fees of Secretary OF the Treasury
and Director General Of Railroads.
There was nothing official tonight
on which to base statement of who
might be under consideration for
Secretary of the Treasury. On pre-
vious occasions when a successor to
Mr.. McAdoo was discussed, John
Shelton Williams, Controller of the
Currency, and w. ?. G. Harding
Governor of the Federal Reserve
Board, have most generally been
mentioned.
Paul Warburg, formerly mem
Der of the Reserve Board, and a
prominent New York banker, and
Russell c. Lefingwell, Assistant
Secretary of the Treasury, are also
reckoned among the possibilities.
May Go to McAdoo Aid
President Wilson is not required
to choose the new Director Genera,
Of Railroads from among the Cabi
net members, and it is possible tha,
the place may go to some one asso
ciated with Mr.. McAdoo in the rail
road administration. If the place
should go to some member of tht
Cabinet, Secretary Baker of the Wa,
Department, Postmaster Genera
Rurleson and Secretary Lane of tn,
Interior Department, are likely t,
be considered.
There was probability that tn
dictatorship might have gone TO Mr.
Baker at the time the Presiden
decided to give it to Mr.. McAdoo
1t was thought that government
operation of the railroads, as d wa
measure, was closely connecte,
with the military programme, bu
the President chose Mr.. Meade
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23
Peace Brings Changes i'm Wartime Control

because of his knowledge Of trans
portation problems.
Postmaster General Burleson al
ready is operating the telegraph.
telephone and cable lines under gov
ernmcnt control. Secretary Lane is
intimately versed in transportation
problems, particularly railroads, and
for years was member of the In
terstate Commerce Commission, and
at one time chairman.
Walker D. Hines, Assistant D-
rector General of Railroads, former
ly New York lawyer and chairman
Of the board of the Santa Fe, has
been intimately connected with the
development of government opera
ton, and is among those discussed
in Washington tonight as a possible
successor to Mr.. McAdoo as Director
General.
Mr.. McAdoo made the announce
ment of his retirement at one of his
weekly conferences with a score of
newspapermen tonight in his pri-
vate office at the Treasury. The
men for an hour had been discus
sing with him questions concerning
future policies of the Treasury and
Railroad administration, and were
! about to leave when Mr.. McAdoo,
seated at his desk, remarked casu-
ally:
Amazes Reporters
'Now, gentlemen, have just one
other little thing to say which may
be Of interest. I am retiring from
public life"
This came so utterly unexpectedly
that none of the men uttered word
Of comment, and the little map and
paper bestrewn Office which has
served as the Secretary's workroom
for more than five years was still un-
til Nh McAdoo, in his usual tone,
explained further:
"Copies of the correspondence
with the President will explain the
reason why have been compelled to
take this action, and there isn't any
other reason why did it,
Informs His Co-workers
Just few minutes before the
press conference Mr.. McAdoo had
called in his Treasury advisers, and
broken the news to them. Utmost
surprise was expressed by his CO.
workers. There had been only one
rumor recently Of the possibility of
Mr.. McAdoo's resignation, and that
was to the effect that he might be
appointed Secretary of War while
Secretary Baker went to Europe as
the Presidents emassary. That re-
port was specifically denied at the
time, and it was said that Mr.. Nc
Adoo had no immediate intention of
quitting either as Secretary of the
Treasury or as Director General of
Railroads..
Fourth to Quit Cabinet
Secretary McAdoo is the fourth
member of the Cabinet to resign.
William Jennings Bryan, the Presi-
dents Secretary Of State at the be-
ginning of his administration, was
the first, and Lindley NJ. Garrison,
Secretary of War, was the second.
James c. McRcynolds, Attorney
General, resigned to take an ap-
pointment to the Supreme Court.
Aside from those three changes,
! the Presidents Cabinet stands the
same as it did six years ago, and
his friends say he has taken a great
deal Of pride in referring to it as q
team. At the opening Of his second
term the President asked all the
members to remain.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23

While it not our practice
to proclaim our styles regular
roarers-
Yet our clothing parades
New York on the backs Of
many stylish, well-groomed'
men.
Its reputation has put four
great stores on the most CON
venient corners in the busiest
parts of the City. No charge
for reputationl
Shire collars are pure
linen where the wear comes.
Our own brand.
Soft piques and silks, too
ROGERS PEET COMPANY
Broadway Broadway
at 18th ST. THE at 34th St.
-Four
Broadway Corners Fifth Ave
at Warren at 4lst ST.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23

recuperstivn diet In influenza
II ftcks hsltfd NIX. Vary diEnstibIe.
--Advt.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23

until the immediate tasks of the
war should be over. But l am
none the less distressed.
81 shall not allow our intimate
personal relations to deprive me
OF the pleasure of saying that in
my Judgment the country has
never had an ADLER, more re-
sourceful and yet prudent, most
uniformly efficient Secretary of
the Treasury, and | say this re-
membering all the able, devoted
and distinguished men who pre-
ceded you.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-23
Agrees to Let Him Go

81 have kept your letter num-
ber of days, in order to suggest,
if l could, some other solution of
our difficulty than the one you
have now felt obliged to resort
to. But | have not been able to
think of any. | cannot ask you
to make further sacrifices, serious
as the loss of the government " i'll
be in your retirement. | accept
your resignation, therefore, to
take effect upon the appoint
ment of q successor, because in
justice to you [ must.
II also, for the same reason,
accept your resignation as Direc-
tor General of Railroads, to take
effect, as you suggest, on the 1st
of January next, or when your
Snrcoccor tc op,,Oj,,+oJ
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-07-27
THREE AVIATORS
ARE KILLED WHEN
MACHINES FALL

Hampstead, y. Y, July 81
Lieutenant c. H. Haynes, of Dor
chester, Mass, was killed here to-
day, when a giant Hayiland bat
tlcplane which he was plotting fell
100 feet. His neck was broken.
His mechanic, Private Minard S.
Moist. sustained d broken leg and
a broken collar bone.
Haynes was flying in battle. for
nation with other aviators. His
motor stalled and his machine
was so near the ground that he
was unable to descend successful
ly by vOlplaning. The pilot was
a member of the first provisional
wing of the army aero corps.
Fort Worth, Texas, July 81
Flying Cadet Fred c. Campbell, Jr,
whose home is Rosedale, Kans,
was killed here this morning when
his plane dropped into a tail spin
at a low altitude. He was % years
old His father lives at Browning,
Mont
Waco, Texas, July 27.-Second
Lieutenant Clarence II. Winter, an
instructor at Rich field, was killed
today six miles west Of here when
his airplane fell A cadet with
Winter was not hurt. Winter S
home is at Fort Collins, Colo.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-07-27
PERSONAL POINTS

Miss Fannie Z. Divers has re-
turned from her home in Columbus,
Ill, where she was called to attend
the funeral of her niece, Maedall
Divers, who was drowned in the
Mississippi July 10.
Miss Esther Doyle, 500 Twenty
first street and Miss Florence
Healy, GIG Thirtieth street. lett to-
day for a weeks visit in Rockford
They viii also visit at Camp Grant
Mrs. F L. Waters and children
Of Huntington, W. Va, are visiting
at the home of her parents, Mr..
and Mrs. J. j. Lerch, 63l Fourth
street.
Frank F. McElherne, government
engineer at the Hannibal, Mo. Of
flee, arrived in Rock Island late
yesterday to spend a short vaca-
ton with his parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
J. c. McElherne, GOA Twenty-third
street
Miss Aline Martin of EstherviIie,
Iowa, formerly of this city, is Wis
iting Miss Dorothy Scherrer, 1929
Twentieth street.
Mrs. c. L. LOOMS of Henry, Ill,
is visiting her sister, Mrs. Eliza
beth N. Haynes, and brother, John
E. Lowe, and brother-in-law, NJ. ".
Battles, at 729 Seventeenth street.