davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-09-06

The finest example of eloquence re- gently reported from Washington is the silence of some of the former pro- German Congressman.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-09-06

Fixed up with their new school suits the boys are all equipped now for rolling in the dirt.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-09-06
MOCK BERRY PIE

a
  slightly with slices of
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-09-06
WINIFRED BLACK
 WRITES ABOUT Our Soldiers Mothers
Copyright 1918, by Newspaper Feature Service. Inc.

She has given seven to her country's service, and the citizens of the little city here Mary J. Wyman lives raising fund to buy for this brave widow home-a bungalow in a garden of flowers. with tree two by the door.
 She has eight sons, and Harry, the youngest, Is only fifteen old she she has to tie him up keep him from running away to fight the Huns
 Seven blue stars emblazoned "the Widow Wymans fla and the little mother glories in the ambitions and achievements of her boys-even as checks sacrifice she is the greatest
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-09-06

FUNERAL DESIGNS
 AND BOUQUETS. JOHN RICK & SON.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-09-06

adelphia. The couple will make their home in stratford. Mrs. Cleary was Miss Mary Ryan before her marriage, and taught at the Whittier school.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-09-06
Cheer and Courage

the tears stream down her checks. Her sacrifice sh joy of her life.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-09-06
PEAR AND GINGER SALAD

. . . ' ' r
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-09-06

J. D. Wooster, Jr., of Hartford, is visiting his parents. MT and Mrs. J. D. Wooster, at their home, "A Park avenue.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
Changes in Mems Clothes.

Fashion is doing it's bit too. The
International Custom Cutters conven-
ton ruled out patched pockets, belts
and turned-up trousers. If they would
only go back to the old-fashioned shirt
cuffs, sew the buttons on the trousers
on the outside Of the waist band, and
take off yard or two Of the fourth
hand neckties we would get somewhere
near where the weary are at rest. They
already have made overcoats fit more
closely in order to save material, but
they dissipate that saving by making
sack coats a trifle longer. Of course,
there is sort of economy in long
sack coat for in ruling out the patched
pockets all other patches are, doubt
less, included. It is quite hard for
fashion convention to make a mistake
If 1t only changes the styles.-Ohto
State Journal.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
Turkey Takes Census.

For the first time in the history of
Turkey, says an Amsterdam dispatch,
q complete census Of the whole empire
is to be taken. A German statistician
has been appointed to superintend the
preliminary formalities. The Turkish
newspaper, Sabah, says: "We are the
only nation in Europe, not excluding
even the Balkan states, which pos
sesses no official statistics Of our popu-
lation." The estimated population of
Turkey before the war was roughly
21,OOOOOO, Of which 100000 were
Turks, 100000 Arabs, 100000 Ar
menians, 100000 Greeks, 100000
Kurds, and the remainder Druses,
Jews and the smaller tribes. The Turk
ish newspapers have recently shown
some anxiety as to the large decrease
in population lately caused by the war
and the prevalence of disease and have
urged the government to take steps to
decrease mortality and increase the
birth rate.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
FOUGHT in SERBIAN RANKS.
Bravery of Irish Woman Rewarded by
Highest Decoration Crown Prince
Could BestoW.

Sergt. Maj. Flora Sandes, an Irish
woman who for two" years has
been serving with the gallant Ser
bian army, is now in London on leave
Of absence for a few weeks.
''In August, 1914, went to Serbia
as nurse" she said, when asked to
tell something Of her war experiences.
"After the terrible retreat in which
took part joined the regimental am
bulance. When cut off from that OBJ
tanned permission to join the Serbian
army as private. For two years l
was in the thick of most Of the fight
ing. At the taking Of Hill 1912 (Mace-
DOMAIN front) hand grenade exploded
near me and I fell badly wounded. My
company, which was in advance Of our
main body, was outnumbered by the
Bulgarians, but they refused to fall
back when ordered to do so, declaring
they would not leave me to the mercy
Of the enemy.
"When I was being dragged off to
safety through the snow they remained
behind fighting a rear-guard action.
The next day our troops attacked
again and drove the Bulgarians out
Of their trenches. In them they found
the bodies of a number of our men,
each one with his throat cut. That Is
the favorite method Of dispOsing Of
prisoners" It was after the capture
Of Hill 1912 that the Irish Amazon,
while lying in hospital, was awarded
by the Serbian crown prince the Kara
George decoration, which is the Ser
bian equivalent Of the British Victoria
Cross. Three other decorations she
has received for bravery in the field.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
Oil From Melon Seeds.

A genuine American invention orig.
mated at Rocky Ford, where melon
grower named Burrill, with the fac
ulty Of inductive reasoning, found out
that clear, rich oil can be expressed
from the seeds of cantaloupes, notes
the Chicago Tribune. He submitted
samples to government chemists at
Washington, who notified him that
their tests indicated a new table oil of
the same texture and color as olive oil,
one which needed no refining process.
There is wide significance in this dis
covery, which indicates melons, squash
and pumpkin seeds, as perhaps those
of citrus fruit as well, as a prolific
source of Oil supply.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
FIRST HALL MARKS
Hieroglyphics Stamped on Gold
and Silver in 1900.
s;:S.<$5zszz
Guild Formed In Early Days to Pro-
tect the Buyer In the Matter Of
Purity Of Metal. ii

What are the strange hieroglyphics
stamped on the back Of silver articles
In England, and what do these marks
signify? This is question which has
often puzzled the inquisitive. A tedi-
GUS and technical subject, you say.
On the contrary, most absorbing and
appealing one. Read here what an ex-
pert in the matter of these markings
has to say, and be convinced.
The first hall mark was used in
Paris in 1900. 1t was employed for
both gold and silver, principally the
former. Some goldsmiths had been
undersell1ng others and as there was
no difference in labor or perfection
of detail, it was obvious that much
inferior metal was being used. So a
guild was founded to protect the buy
er in the matter Of purity Of metal.
The guild specified the Paris touch,'
which meant that certain standard
Of metal was to be maintained.
"About 1927 stir took place in
England for a slightly different rea-
son. Privateering off the coast was
frequent, the result being that silver
vessels were brought back and made
either into coins or other vessels. As
the product was Of a lower grade than
thu ENGLISH standard. q goldsmithS'
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
WHAT YOUR MONEY is WORTH
Comparative Value Of Coins Of Diff
ferent Countries of the World
Explained.

How much is franc? A ruble? A
mark? To be well posted man should
be familiar with the money in circula-
ton in foreign lands, observes the Co.
umbus Dispatch. And if the man IS
Of military age or inclination there is
no telling how soon he may be called
upon to exchange his perfectly good
American dollars for the medium OF
circulation in France, England, Russia,
Germany or other European countries.
OF course values are changing al
most daily, as regards the exchange
Of foreign money for Uncle Sans dol
lars, but under ordinary conditions 1t
can be figured that in Germany the
mark is worth 23.8 cents in United
States money. The German thaler is
equal to three marks, and the krone "a
gold piece) equals ten marks. In Eng
land the sovereign (gold) is worth 3d.
1865, pound sterling; the penny
equals two of our cents, the crown
$1.21 and the shilling "a cents.
1t is interesting to note that the
franc Of France (worth 1913 cents) is
also the unit of currency IN Belgium
and Switzerland, and that it is equal
to the peseta Of Spain, and Ira OF
Italy, the drachma of Greece, the leu
of Roumania, the dinar Of Serbia and
the bolivar Of Venezuela. The Rus
sian ruble, normally, is worth DID
cents, the plaster Of Turkey "A cents,
the Japanese yen 1913 cents, the Mexi-
can peso (silver) 1913 cents and the
Chinese tael Is cents to SO cents.
And there's no wonder that "Chinese
monee" is tossed about so carelessly,
for the copper cash (China's monetary
unity is worth United States dollar
when you have 1,75O of them.
In British East India "pie" (the pop
ular coin) is cheap. An American
penny buys four. j
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
DESTINED TO BECOME DESERT
Great French Colonial Territory In
North Africa Seems to Hold Out
Little Promise.

Wadai was the last point of colonial
expansion of the French before the Eu-
ropean struggle drew their energies
and attention homeward. The great
African territory was added to the
French Kongo only a short time before
the war broke out.
Very few white people have actually
visited Wadai, but tales of the region
are numerous both in upper Egypt and
in Tripoli. Occasionally some of the in
habitants of the little-known region
can be seen in the bazaars Of Khartum
or Algiers. Wadai lies at the
head of caravan routes that cross the
desert both from the Mediterranean
and the Nile. 1t bears bad reputa-
ton, even for North Africa.
It is known as one of the last strong
holds and sources Of supply of the
slave trade. It's people are divided
into conquerors and conquered-the
former belonging to a powerful ma
tive tribe that holds the Mohammed-
an faith and the latter including all
manner of very primitive savages. up
to very recent times these savage peo-
pie are known to have been captured
and sold as slaves along the Barbary
coast. The French only established
protectorate in 1912, so that they had
little opportunity to break up the
trade before the European war.
In physical appearance Wadai is de-
scribed by the caravan men as vast,
low-lying plain. Great tracts of it have
never been explored. It seems to have
once formed the bed of great inland
sea, of which Lake Chad, in the south
west, is the shriveled remnant. In
fact, the Sahara is steadily encroach-
ing on it from the northward. 1t Is
crossed by the old channels of several
rivers, but without a single flowing
stream. At no very remote geologic
epoch Of the future Wadai will appar-
emily become a part Of the great des-
ert to the north. ..--, D..
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
The Line in Lorraine.

Lorraine means 'Lothair's King
dom," but certainly it's most famous
figure was that duke Of Lorraine, God
frey of Bouillon, the hero of many IA
bled exploits, who was said to have
cloven asunder the body of a Moslem
emir with one stroke of his good
sword, who was leader of the first cru
SADIE, who saw the deliverance of Je-
rusalem and became the ruler of that
Holy City wrested from paynim hands.
The American soldier might do worse
than swear 'By Godfrey!" Whether
we now hold a mile or five miles will
presently be of no Importance, for our
expeditionary forces have but made a
beginning. A look at the map will sat-
isfy any American how much of the
front line our men should be defending
before many months have passed.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11

guild was established there also, with
the rather awe-inspiring title of 'Ori-
gin and Mystery of the Fellowship
of Goldsmiths.' The guild specified
that standard metal must contain 925
parts of silver and Is parts Of copper.
Its members had authority to travel
through the provinces Of the United;
Kingdom assaying silver vessels, and
If any specimen was not 1p to stand
ard it was conflscated or fine Of dou-
bic its value was imposed on the
maker.
"When piece was made IT was.
the custom to send it to the guild
hall. There it was assayed and If,
found to be Of the proper proportion
it was stamped with the English hall
mark, or as IT was then called, the
'guildhall mark commonly referred to-
as the kings touch
"A leopard's head was the first mark
employed in England and the maker
also was privileged to place his own
stamp upon it, which generally con-
sisted Of the first two letters of his
surname. AS so few people were able
to read, most Of the tradesmen had
signs which they placed on their pro-
ductions, hence the modern trade
mark. In 1850 the guildhall added a.
letter marking the year that piece
was made, but as the full alphabet
was not used, the date is very difficult
to determine. Later the leopard's
head was changed to lion PEASANT,
which in turn gave way to q lions
head erased with figure Of Brit
tania.
'The collector of old silver must
look out for the method of 'glorify-
ing used by INSCRIPTIONS dealers who
cut the hall marks out of old spoons
or forks and fit them into big piece
to mislead the unwary. It is extra
ordinary that SO much good old Eng
lsh silver has survived, considering
the vicissitudes through which 1t has
passed. In the Wars Of the Roses, for
instance, much plate was confscated
and melted into coins for carrying on
the strife.''
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
Greatest in the World.

The New York Connecting Railway
bridge, which is better known as the
He'll Gate bridge, with it's three miles
of elevated approaches, constitutes one
of the greatest engineering projects Of
1he world, overshadowed only by it's
Importance as trade route and public
utility for passenger and freight traf-
fic.
IT is the worlds heaviest bridge, of
steel arch construction, accommodate
ing four tracks. 1t is ready to bear the
live load of - tons per linear foot
while sustaining 26 tons Of structure
per linear foot. 1t is calculated that
This live load may be likened to the
weight of 45 Of the biggest and heav-
lest of modern locomotives In motion.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
CoUNTRY's DEBT TO CRIMINAL
Notorious French SwindIer Response.
BILE for Development of Most Fa.
nous Fighting Airplane.

The, most successful fighting air.
plane In the world today is without
question the Spad. 1t was, of course,
the mount of the late Captain Guyne-
mer, who, it will be remembered, &C
counted for SO machines before being
shot down last September just behind
the German front line The most pro-
hcient pilots in the Lafayette esca-
drllle also use this machine.
The history of the Spad is curious
1t owes its origin to Armand Deeper
dussln, a former silk Merchant of Ly-
ons, who amassed a large fortune by
series of swindling operations. In
1910 he proceeded to sink most Of his
gains into aviation, establishing huge
Hylng field and factory near Reims
and engaging brilliant young en-
glneer named Bechereau. The result
was that the Deperdussin monoplanes
acquired an international fame, win
ming the Gordon Bennett cup at Chi
cago in 1912 and at Reims in 1913
the latter event at the rate Of 124.5
miles an hour. This speed was made
possible largely by the monocoque con-
struction Of the fuselage, greatly supe-
rlor to the rectangular body section
then in vogue on other machines.
After the arrest of Deperdussin
some time before the war the directors
of the firm retained Bechereau as de-
signer and changed the name to Spad
(Societe pour Aeroplanes Deperdus-
sin). This was again changed quite
recently to "Societe pour lAviation ct
ses Derives" keeping the same initials
as before. Deperdussin's trial finally
took place few months back and a
merely nominal sentence was imposed
on account Of the great services to the
cause of French aviation rendered by
the defendant.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
Educated Finland.

The new republic Of Finland starts
it's career with one Invaluable asset
a highly efficient system of education.
Finnish elementary schools are models
of excellence, ane in an international
competition some few years since Fin
land won the coveted distinction Of
having the highest educational stand
ard of any country in the world, beat
ing even the United States and Ger.
many. Particulars attention is given to
the teaching of languages. The two
state languages, Finnish and Swedish.
are taught in the elementary stand
ards, and until recently Russian also,
A knowledge of five or six languages is
reckoned nothing exceptional among
even middle-class folk in Finland.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
CONTROL YOUR OWN KITCHEN
Ringing Message Addressed to the
Women of American by One of
Their Best-known Writers.

Margaret Deland, the well-known
writer, says in the Woman's Home
Companion:
"This is brave world just now,
and it shames us to admit, even to
ourselves, how we hate to face some
domestic guns; we hate to ask about
leftover dropped eggs; and still more
do we funk the going back to the
good sense of mothers and grand
mothers, and do our own ordering !
There is, however, one thing that
would help us poor housekeepers
Immensely, namely, a community eff
fort If groups Of women-the wOm-
women Of a street-would get together,
and pledge each other their moral sup
port, the domestic situation would be
immensely helped; we would cease to
be bullied by our kitchens. Once let
Mary realize that not only Mrs. A. is
the refrigerator and Mrs. G. gives
We calldoWn about yer potato par
ings,' but that the whole alphabet Of
housekeepers will not permit waste,
Mary, too, and all her kind, will fin
ally fall into line!
"You know the fable Of the old man
and his sons and the sticks? The
single stick was easily broken. The
: single housekeeper is easily cowed.
The fagot is unbreakable If we wom-
en-, all together, insist upon moral,
social, economical course, our kitchens
will join u.s."
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
British National Anthem.

The authorship of the British Ma
tfOnal anthem furnishes one Of those
evergreen subjects of dispute which de-
light the soul Of individuals whose Joy
it is to write letters to the press, OBJ
serves British exchange. Probably
there will also be conflicting evidences
on the question, but the common opin-
ion now is that Henry Carey, who died
in October, 1743, was the author. At
any rate, Carey sang the song as his
own composition at a dinner party in
C0rnhill, while shortly afterwards he
approached a publisher with the manu-
script. It was not at once accepted,
and seems to have been first sung in
public in 1745-two years after Carey's
death.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
OUTSIDE PALE OF HUMANITY
That German Spies Can Be CIassed
Only as Dangerous Reptiles, Is
Opinion Of One Writer.

It is not dishonorable to be spy,
says the Santa Fe New Mexican. One
of the Americans we most revere,
whose only regret was that he had but
one life to give to his country, was
shot as spy. The spy must be most
daring and courageous, must face ex-
traordinary perils, must have remark
able nerve and resourcefulness.
That, at least, is the conception Of
the spy which we had until the Ger
man spy got into the game and made
the word synonymous with all that Is
most execrable in treachery and cum
ming, dishonor and all forms Of evil. A
spy has come to mean an incendiary
and murderer, an assassin of women
and babies, poisoner Of food and
water, a dynamiter and train wrecker,
coward and a human reptile.
The fate which made Capt. Nathan
Hale immortal is much too good for
the men whom America has sucked
and who have become vlpers at the
bosom Of their adopted mother The
sooner government valves charity and
leniency and drops hesitation and half
way measures the better for all con-
cerned.
The German who breathes word Of
disloyalty should be informed, no mat
ter who he is; the one who conspires
against the government or it's work
should be promptly put to death. We
are at war. The traitor at home helps
kill our boys at the front. Why should
the government parley with him?
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
Stones In Form Of Cross.

Staurolite is a curious mineral,
stone, found only in Virginia ant'
North Carolina, not very valuable but
interesting on account Of a legend that
attaches to it. The name is from the
Greek stauros, a cross. The stone is
found in the form Of a cross, or some
times double cross. Another name
for the stone is the "fairy stone," and
this also relates to the lenged that
the fairies living in the caves Of the
mountains, on hearing the sad tidings
Of the death Of Christ fashioned these
crosses as mementos of him. There
has always been some commercial de-
mand for the stones as curious and
they are Worn as watch charms or on
chains with lockets.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
Use for Clothespins.

Clothespins make an excellent play
thing for babies. They can be used for
babies or soldiers, or to make fences,
trees, log houses and many other inter-
esting things. Playthings that can be
taken apart and put together again are
good to have; also blocks with which
the child can build all kinds of objects
engines that he can push along the
floor, balls to bounce and throw, doll
carriages, washing sets, etc. Dolls with
clothes that button and unbutton and
come off may be used to teach the chill,
dren how to dress and undress them.
selves.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
Teeth Frozen.

This all happened when zero wealth
or prevailed and the victim was Cliff
ford Allhands, county recorder of
Clark county. When he woke up one
lof those cold mornings, his teeth were
certainly not chattering with cold, he
saws, for they were frozen tight and
he could not move them until they had
been thawed out. You see he placed
them in a glass Of water and the wa
Ter was a solid cake of ice. Indianap-
oils News.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
Tomny's Curious CaIIinqs.

The British Tommy has always been
famous for the brilliance of his
powers of romance, if asked questions
he did not want to answer by peo-
pie who had no right to know. The
latest illustration is afforded by a
repatriated soldier of Welsh regi-
ment. He had been prisoner in the
camp at Gutrow, where the German
authorities, with view to securing
skilled labor, were anxious to learn
the occupation of the prisoners. But
surely never before were there such
callings-a treacle bender, watchmak-
ers' striker, a milestone inspector. The
Germans gave It up.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
Truth VIII Out.

In the schoolroom the teacher was
trying to illustrate a phrase found in
the reading lesson, "a debt of graft
tude."
Jimmie, think of the care your par
ents have given you md all that they
have done for you. Don't you think
you owe them something's
WELL said honest Jimmie, Il don't
knew about that, but / dc know that
my dad owes me 30 cents. =
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
1asez Ole Cliff Eox-

No mans so dishonest but what he
considers his next door neighbor more
SO. Lots O. women marry homely men
sos they won't have to worry over
some other woman tryin' to win 'em,-
Cleveland Leader
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11
Oldest College Sorority.

The Oldest of the Women's college so.
rorities is the Alpha Deltn Pl, which
was founded at Wesleyan female col
lege in 1856.
The Princeton union. [volume] (Princeton, Minn.) 1876-1976, 1918-04-11

demanded by the crisis Whatever therefore, congress decide
should be uneuvocay complied with by patriotic citizen The
members Of both houses the
duties behooves all of therefore, pray
the Lord Of Hosts inspire national legislature
frame such laws the will glory
country righteousness conduct and the future
of the nations Of the world.