Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1918-07-27
Reuie,O Of Fourth Year Of Great War

PSoSS iiSSoti'heAoHS Will iNtiSshd vi
Now 80 the 5otsheviki announced that
posed that all the allies Join in nego-
| tiations for an armistice.
Russian and German representatives
met at Brest -Litovsk in Gee. %. and
terms of peace Were exchanged. No
progress was made with the negotia-
tons, and the conference was broken
UP on Jan. IL. In the meantime n
new republic had sprung from the side
Of RUSSIA. 1t was ukraine. a terri
tory extending along the Rnmaninn
and Galician frontier from the Black
Sea nortrward to t,hojrn. in ancient
Poland with this republic the CEN
trail empires made peace late In jan
uary. y
The failure of the bolshevik author
tiles to reach any agreement with, the
Germans resulted In tho renewal Of
hostilities on Feb. is. and the Ger,
man armies moved forward once
more.
Brest-Litovsk Treaty Signed.
This brought about a renewal of the
peace negotiations. and at Brest-
Litovsk the Bolshevik; were given to
understand that Germany would rec
osnize the kingdom of Poland. the re-
pablo of Ukraine, the independence Of
Finland. and the separate govern
mental status OF Llthuan!a, Esthonia
and Livonia. Turkey, as an ally Of
the central powers. was given u great
area to the East OF the Black Sea, in
GLIDING the regions of Batum. Kars
and Erivan.
With the announcement Of the final
sisnisg OF the treaty between the boil
sheviki and Germany, the allies gave
us hope that Russia would romain in
the conflict aud al. once they began
to strengthen their lines against the
coming Of the great German offensive
by which Berlin ard Vienna hoped to.
force the entente nations to make
peace.
Roumania 'capitulates.
With the greater part of her territory
occupied By the Germans, AustHans
and Bulgarians, with her government
driven from Bucharest to Jassy. and
with the Russian bolsheviki openly
hostile toward her. Roumania found
herself in a critical situation. Rou-
manian troops during February and
>Nesa SAt onNohSfo AAASO IcScSdIdbltfr u pATl
of the new republic of Ukraine, but
they were hemnled in by the enemy
forces and obliged to withdraw. At.
last. on May 6. Roumania signed a
treaty OF peace with the central powers.
BY this treaty Roumania lost the
province Of DobrudJa. on the south side
OF the Danube. which she had received
after the Balkan war. and agreed to
modification OF her western frontier.
concessions also were made
under pressure from the teutonic al
lance.
The period between Dec. !, 1917, and
March 1. 1918. may be called the period
of peace tentatives. 1t is true that be-
fore the end Of the summer Pope Bene.
dict made an appeal to the warning
nations to enter into peace negotiations,
the basis for pourparlors being the
restoration Of Belgium and Serbia and
the return to Germany OF her lost coll.
enies This appeal. made on Aug. 49,
was answered by President Wilson on
Aug. 20, when the president announced.
that the German government as con-
stituted could not. De believed and that
the United. States was ready to enter
iAeO HSSOlltttIOuS WHen the herman
people showed they desired peace and
when they spoke thru any authority
which could be representative OF them.
The German answer to the pope's app
peal reached the Vatican on Sept. 21..
It expressed hope that further warfare
could be averted thru the good offices
of the pope, but declined to enter into
any engagement to meet what the
allies had declared to be their minimum.
war aims
German Peace Offer.
Z German efforts to secure peace which
would leave to Germany all the fruits
of he victory gained thrn Russia's coll
lapse, and with Belgium and large por-
tions OF France to be used as pawns at
the council table. began with the ad-
dress OF Count Czernin, the Austrian
foreign minister, at Brest ,Eitovsk,- on
Dec. Is. The keynote OF the address
was general peHce without anpexations,
and indemnities.
On JANIS. President Wilson, address,
ing congress. said that The United
StatesSmust know for whom the Ger
man rulers were speaking. The address
was a complement to ar address made
on Jan. by David Lloyd George. the
British premier.
To these addresses reply was made
by Imperial Chancellor Won Hertling, Of
Germany and Count Czernin. The
latter was pacific and conciliatory in
tone, while the former. abiding to "the
good German sword, showed he was
speaking for the militarists Of the Ger
manic powers. ].
"Four PrineiplssN Enumerated.
To these replies there was rejoiner by
President Wilson, who on Feb. II.
again addressing congress laid down
what have come to be known as the
-four. principles" upon which peace
can be based. Briefly. these principles
were: \.
Final settlement must be based on
essential justice.
People and provinces are not to be
bartered about like ,chattels. 4
Every territorial settlement must be
for the benefit and in the interest of
the populations concerned.
All we'll defined national aspirations
shall beSmet with the utmost satisfac-
ton consistent with the future peace.
Pope Benedict in pastoral letter is
sued at Easter, made another appeal
for concord among the people of the
world, but it brought forth no tangible
results. At the pope's behest prayers
for peace were offered in Catholic
churches turnout the world on st.
Peters day, June %. t
/ In April there come revelations from
Paris that Emperor Charles of Austria
hol ~. ~.