davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
MAY 17-24-3i).
CITATION FOR HEARING ON Pc
TITION FOR ADMINISTRATION

In The Matter Of The Estate OF Mary
Rose Brewer, Deceased.
STATE OF MINNESOTA, County of
Blue Earth, In Probate Court.
The State OF Minnesota to all per-
sons interested in the granting of ad-
ministration of the estate of said de-
cedent: The petition of Samuel S.
Brewer having been filed in this
court, representing that Mary Rose
Brewer, then resident of the Coun-
ty of Miami State Of Indiana, died
intestate on the 18th day of February,
1917; and praying that letters of ad
ministration of her estate be granted
to Samuel S. Brewer, and the court
having fixed the time and place for
hearing said petition: Therefore, You.
And Each OF You, are hereby cited
and required to show cause, if any
you have, before this court at the
Probate Court Rooms in the Court
House, in the City of Mankato, in
the County of Blue Earth, State of
Minnesota, on the 8th day of June,
1918, at ten o'clock a. M, why said
petition should not be granted
Witness, The Judge of said Court,
and the Seal of said Court, this 9th
day Of May 1918.
Court Sealy EVAN HUGHES,
Probate Judge.
Sar'uGl S. Brewer,
Al orney for petitioner.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
5-3-10-17
CITATION FOR HEARING ON
PETITION FOR ADMINSTRA-
TON

In the Matter of the Estate of Will
liam Otto Sammt. Deceased.
STATE OF MINNESOTA, County
of Blue Earth in Probate Court.
The State of Minnesota TO all
persons interested in the grant
ing of administration of the estate
of said decedent: The petition of
Otto Sammt having been filed in this
court, representing that William Otto
Sammt, then a resident of the County
of Blue Earth State of Minnesota.
died intestate on the 18th day of
April 1918; and praying that letters
of administration of his estate be
granted to Otto Sammt, and the court
having fixed the time and place for
hearing said petition: THEREFORE,
YOU, AND EACH OF YOU, are here
by cited and required to show cause,
if any you have, before this court
at the Probate Court Rooms in the
Court House, in the City of Mankato
in the County of Blue Earth State of
Minnesota, on the 25th day of May
1918, at ten o'clock A. M, why said
petition should not be granted.
Witness, The Judge of said Court,
and the Seal of said Court, this 10Th
day of April, 1913.
Court SeaD
EVAN HUGHES
Probate Judge
A. R. Pau, Jr.,
Attorney for Petitioner
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
5-3-1O-17
CITATION FOR HEARs"G ON FINAL
ACCOUNT AND FOR DIS.
TRIBUTION

STATE OF MINNESOTA, County
of Blue Earth in Probate Court
In the Matter of the Estate of
Thomas L. Griffith, Decedent
The State of Minnesota to all persons
interested in the above entitled matter
Whereas, James D. Price has filed in
this court his final account Of his
administration of the estate of the
above named decedent, together with
his petition praying for the adjust
ment and allowance Of said final
account and for distribution of the
residue of said estate to the persons
thereunto entitled: 1T is ORDERED
that said petition be heard, and that
ali persons interested in said matter
be and appear before this court on
the 18th day of May 1918, at ten
O'Clock A. M, at the Probate Court
Rooms in the Court House, at Man
kato in said County, and then and
there, or as soon thereafter as said
matter can be heard, show cause, if
any they have, why said petition
should not be granted; and that this
citation be served by the publication
thereof in The Mankato Free Press,
according to law.
Witness the Honorable Evan Hughes
Judge of said court, and the seal of
said court, this 9th day of April
1918.
Court Seal
EVAN HUGHES
Judge.
Thomas Hughes,
Attorney for Petitioner.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
5-3-10-17
ORDER LIMITING TIME TO FILE
CLAIMS AND FOR HEARING
THEREON

STATE OF MINNESOTA, County of
Blue Earth. In Probate Court.
In the Matter of the Estate of 10
hanna Kron, Decedent.
Letters Parliamentary this day hav-
ing been granted to Frank c. Stahl.
1t is Ordered, That the time within
which all creditors of the above
named decedent may present claims
against her estate in this court, be,
and the same hereby is, limited to
six months from and after the date
hereof and that Thursday the 31st
day of October 1918, at ten o'clock A.
M, in the Probate Court Rooms at
the Court House at Mankato, in said
County, be, and the same hereby is.
fixed and appointed as the time and
place for hearing upon and the exam
ination, adjustment and allowance of
such claims as shall be presented
within the time aforesaid.
Let notice hereof be given by the
publication of this order in The
Mankato Free Press as provided by
law.
Dated April 20, 1918.
probate SeaD
EVAN HUGHES
Probate Judge.
HI. & ]. w. Schmitt. Attorneys,
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
MAY 17-24-31.)
CITATION FOR HEARING ON FL
NAL ACCOUNT AND FOR
DISTRIBUTION.

STATE OF MINNESOTA, County Of
Blue Earth. In Probate Court
In the Matter of the Estate of Mar
garet Kerner, Decedent
The State OF Minnesota To All
Persons Interested In The Above En-
titled Matter: Whereas, Moses Ed
wards has filed in this court his final
account of his administration of the
estate of the above named decedent,
together with his petition praying for
the adjustment and allowance of said
final account and for distribution of
the residue of said estate to the per-
sons thereunto entitled: 1t Is Order
ed, that said petition be heard, and
that all persons interested in said
matter be and appear before this
court On the Sth day of June, 1918.
at ten O'Clock a. M, at the Probate
Court Rooms in the Court House, at
Mankato, in said county, and then
and there, or as soon thereafter as
said matter can be heard, show cause,
if any they have, why said petition
should not be granted; and that this
citation be served by the publication
thereof in The Mankato Free Press,
according to law.
Witness the Honorable Evan Hughes
Judge of said court, and the seal of
eaid court, this 18th day of May, 1918.
Court seaD EVAN HUGHES,
Judge.
Thomas Hughes,
Attorney for Petitioner.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
Friday, May II, 1918.
5-10-17.25.
ORDER LIMITING TIME TO FILE
CLAIMS AND FOR HEARING
THEREON.

STATE OF MINNESOTA, County or
Blue Earth, In Probate Court.
In the Matter of the Estate OF Aurelia
Warner, Decedent.
Letters of administration this day
having been granted to Amos L. War
ner
1t is Ordered, That the time within
which all creditors of he above named
decedent may present claims against
her estate in this court, be, and the
same hereby is, limited to three
months from and after the date here
of; and that Wednesday the 7th day
of August 1918, at ten o'clock a. m.,
in the Probate Court Rooms at the
Court House at Mankato, in said
County, be, and the same hereby is,
fixed and appointed as the time and
place for hearing upon and the exam
ination, adjustment and allowance of
such claims as shall be presented
within the time aforesaid.
Let notice hereof be given by the
publication Of this order in The Man
kato Free Press, as provided by law.
Dated May 6. 1918.
probate SeaD EVAN HUGHES,
Judge of Probate:
Thomas Hughes,
Attorney.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
5-3-10-17
CITATION FOR HEARING ON
PETITION FOR ADMINISTRA-
TON.

In the Matter of the Estate of Bertha
Sammt, Deceased
STATE OF MINNESOTA, County
of Blue Earth in Probate Court.
The State of Minnesota to all
persons interested in the grant
ing of administrator of the estate of
said decedent: The petition of Otto
Sammt having been filed in this
court, representing that Bertha
Sammt, then resident of the County
of Blue Earth State of Minnesota,
died intestate on the 18th day of
April 1918; and praying that letters
of administration of her estate be
granted TO Otto Sammt, and the court
having fixed the time and place for
hearing said petition: THEREFORE,
YOU, AND EACH OF YOU, are here
by cited and required to show cause
if any you have, before this court at
the Probate Court Rooms in the Court
House, in the City of Mankato in the
County of Blue Earth, State of Mimi
esota, on the 25th day of May 1918
at ten o'clock A. M, why said
petition should not be granted
Witness, The Judge of said Court
and the Seal of said Court, this 29th
day of April 1918.
Court SeaD
EVAN HUGHES,
Probate Judge
! A. r. Pau, Jr.
Attorney for Petitioner.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
5-1O-17-24
CITATION FOR HEARING ON
FINAL ACCOUNT AND FOR
DISTRIBUTION

State of Minnesota, County of Blue
Earth in Probate Court.
In the Matter Of the Estate OF
Daniel Edwards, Decedent.
THE STATE OF MINNESOTA TO
ALL PERSONS INTERESTED IN
THE ABOVE ENTITLED MATTER:
Whereas, Moses Roberts has filed in
this court his final account of his
administration of the estate of
the above named decedent, together
with his petition praying for the
adjustment and allowance of said
final account and for distribution of
the residue of said estate to the
persons thereunto entitled: 1T is
ORDERED, that said petition be
heard, and that all persons Interested
in said matter be and appear be-
fore this court on the 31st day of
May 1918, at ten o'clock A. NJ, at
the Probate Court Rooms in the
Court House, at Mankato in said
County, and then and there, or as
soon thereafter as said matter can
be heard show cause, if any they
have, why said petition should not
be granted; and that this citation
be served by the publication thereof
in The Mankato Free Press accord
ing to law.
Witness the Honorable Evan
Hughes Judge of said court, and the
seal of said court, this Sth day of
May 1918.
court ScaD
EVAN HUGHES
Judge,
Thomas Hughes
Attorney for Petitioner
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
LETTERS FROM THE
BOYS IN THE CAMP

u. S. S. N. A, Barracks No. 1,
Champaign. Ill.,, May IL, 191S.-To
The Free Press: Have been in the
service since December II anu nave
taken in all the motor schools that
Ur tied States has control of. l am
now in charge of seven engines in
Tie aerial motor department. l am
proud of being a A. M. T. S. in the
U. s. S. c., A. S. These initials
stand for Aerial Motor Trouble Shoot
er of the United States Signal Corps,
Aviation Section. / have two French
engines, one Liberty, one Thomas,
one Curtiss and two Hall Scott.
| like my work first straight. l don't
stand any reveile or retreat. A real
home | have here and wish / could
stay here for the duration of the war.
Chances are good for this school to
keep going as long as the war lasts.
There are about SOC cadets here TAX
ing in the military schooling and all
these men take lessons on my en-
gines every day. l take a great deal
of interest in those French engines
they differ quite little from our en-
gines. Our eats are good here for ]
stay in hotel and have real up to
date place. l won't know what camp
life is like if ever l get to France.
l must close for l have lots of points
to look up for fear the boys should
ask me one | don't know. | don't
want 70 get stuck, with any ques
tons. Best regards to all around
Mankato. Hoping you will put these
few lines in your paper so the peo-
pie /; know will know how | am doing
Tor the United States. l am an ole
timer at the Hubbard Milling COM
pany. A. L. T. Hesse, U. S. S. M. A..
United States Schooling, Military
Aeronautics, By trade now for u. S..
A. M. T.. S. in the U. S. S. c., A. S.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
Mapleton

Sunday being Mothers Day, i. was
observed in all churches by appro-
pirate sermons or exercises. At the
congregational church a mother
program was given by the Sunday
school at the hour of the regular
morning service. The church was
beautifully decorated with Old Glory
and flowers Which were roses, ilacs
and plumb blossoms, a particularly
pretty motto Mother being worked
out with the white flowers and sus
pended above the stage. The follow
ing program was carried out: Open
ing, High school orchestra; PRAYER
and scripture, Rev. Larke; Opening
address, Helen Getty; recitation,
Esther Balzer; song, Janet McGregor;
recitation, Charles Beise, what
Mother Thinks; recitation, Florence
Johnson; song, Bernice Pomroy,
Helen Getty, Phyllis Hendricks and
Elizabethe Alderman; recitation.
Gilbert Close; recitation, Gordon
Getty; recitation, Ross McChan,
Mother of Soldier" solo, Lenore
Griener; recitation, Mary Hotaling
Mother" dialogue, Primary class
RECITATION, Owen Olson, Nobody
Knows but Mothsr;;" song, Miss
Griener's class; recitation, John
Koenen; recitation, George Penbiter;
song, chorus; recitation, Helen Pom
roy; recitation, Burreyl Busse,
Somebody's Mother" High school
orchestra; closing hymn, "Star
Spangled Banner"
The Normal Dramatic club and
their friends who accompanied them
were entertained at lunch after the
play by Mr.. and Mrs. T. B Taylor
H. c. Hotaiilg and Frank Kuehl
Friday night.
!" DR.. Mead of st. Paul drove to
Mapleton Saturday with Judge James
Quinn to consult with DR.. Bomberger
in the case of Hugh M. Quinn who
has been seriously ill., Mr.. Quinn
is considerably improved and ali
have hopes of his recovery.
Miss Vernon Dietz has purchased
a Chevrolet car of w. G.. Schulz which
will make It more convenient for her
to substitute for rural carriers.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
MAY 3-10-17)
ORDER LIMITING TIME TO FILE
CLAIMS AND FOR HEARING
THEREON.

STATE OF MINNESOTA, County of
Blue Earth, In Probate Court.
In the Matter of the Estate of Thomas
Thomson, Decedent
Letters Testamentary this day hav-
ing been granted to Minnie Thomd-
son.
1t is Ordered, That the time within
which all creditors of the above
named decedent may present claims
against his estate in this court, be,
and the same hereby is, limited to
three months from and after the date
hereof; and that Saturday the 9th
day of July, 1918, at ten o'clock a. M,
in the Probate Court Rooms at the
Court House at Mankato, in said
County, be, and the same hereby is,
fixed and appointed as the time and
place for hearing upon and the exam
nation. adjustment and allowance OF
such claims as shall be presented with
in the time aforesaid.
Let notice hereof be given by the
publication of thissorder in The Man
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17

Lake Crystal Union: DR.. and Mrs.
John Williams returned last week
from long absence. They spent
much of the time in California, stop
ping on the way to visit with their
daughter, Mrs. Piper, of Minot, N.
Oak. Everyone is glad to welcome
them home. Mrs. Williams is in
excellent health and feels well re-
paid for the trip. They experienced
the shock of the earthquake which
recently visited California, and, by
, the-way the people of the "Sunkist''
state are not advertising it as much
as their famed climate Their niece
house near Hermet, two-story brick
residence, was completely wrecked by
the quake; the town was so badly
damaged that they will probably not
rebuild. Mr.. and Mrs George
Norman returned Monday from visit
to their son, Lee who is in an aviation
camp at Camp Grant, Rockford, Ill.
Lee obtained pass so they might
be able to see the aviators at work,
and the grounds. The machines used
in the camps are for practice work
only. On only short experimental
trip twenty gallons of gasoline are
used. They found Lee enjoying the
best Of health, not homesick, and
interested in his work. The boys all
looked well and Mr.. Norman can not
speak highly enough of the way the
men are cared fer. Lee will not be
home soon on a furlough.
{ Mrs. Morgan Bowen has gone to
Sioux Fails, S. Oak, to visit Mrs.
George Nerbovig.
! Guy CaloOn and David Lewis ar
rived home last night from Hamline
university, to spend a couple of days
with their relatives. The young men
made the trip by auto with Frank
Liddle, also of Hamline, who drove
his new Ford car, and M. Grout of
blue Earth. Messrs. Liddle and Grout
spent the evening at the Cahoon
home before continuing their journey.
A. H. Smith of Aberdeen, S. D., was
in the city on business today. Mr..
Smith is motoring through the coun-
try from Minneapolis west
Attorney Miles Porter has returned
from a trip to Vernon Center.
Mrs. j. E. Stevens of Garden City
was a business caller in the city to-
day.
Mr.. and Mrs, William Meixner,
MRS. AL Klugherz, Miss Anna Olson
and Mrs. John Guenther motored to
New Ulm and spent Sunday there
with friends.
John Martin, Jr.. left for Duluth to-
day to make arrangements with the
Erie Land company for big auction
sale of lots which will be held the
second week in June. At this sale
251 lots will be auctioned, near the
new town of Fond du Lac, Mimi.
!! Miss Mary Starke, who is employed
us stenographer at the Mayer Broth
ers' factory, has gone to her home al
Alexandria, Mimi, to spend two weeks
vacation with her parents.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
Kerns

Mr.. and Mrs. Claus Swanson and
Father Moran of st. Peter called OF
Mr.. and Mrs. F. E. Jefferson Sun
day afternoon in regard to the Red
Cross parade Saturday afternoon
The uppils from this county will GO
to st. Peter to help with the parade
and all members of the Red Cross
are asked to march, The parade will
start at Two o'clock.
The Red Cross committee met al
the Landgren school thouse Monday
evening to make plans in regard to
the drive next week. The following
men are on the committee, F. E. JEFF :
ferson, chairman; Karl Zeh, Willis
Randall, Leo Meurer, Charlie Sever
ance. Nick Lorentz, August Johnson,
Arthur Hjerpe and julius Schmidt.
Guy Trask and Will Clark were
Lelected as delegates from the Bel
grade Congregational church to at
tend the conference in Mankato Wed
nesday and Thursday next week.
Hildegard Sontag won fourth prize
in the spelling contest at ST. Peter
last Friday evening. The prize
SOAoiotCu VI IWO uOlidIO duu lily
cents and box of candy. ]. J. Son.
tag accompanied his daughter Friday
evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur Sharp and
sons and Mrs. w. H. Sharp drove
out to Dr. Schmitt's farm near Eagle
Lake Sunday afternoon. They took
out a hundred and twenty little
chickens which the doctor had
bought for his farm.
Evard Budde and George Loucks
attended the Senior play given by
the Mankato high school students
Friday evening
A large crowd attended the Aid
society at the home of Mrs. J. p
Michels Wednesday afternoon of last
week.
Mrs. Fred Whitcomb who has been
visiting relatives near Mankato, left
for her home at Princeton Saturday
evening. She was accompanied by
her daughter, Mrs. Wesley vrooman
of Hebron.
Ethel Buick spent the week end
at Mason City, Iowa.
The hard wind Thursday evening
did some damage to trees an
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
PLENTY OF FLOUR IN stall
Wheat Not Sold Today Will Be

Wheat Not Sold Today Will Be
Seized BY Government.
The entire output of Minnesota's
flour mills from now until the next
harvest can be shipped to the allies
A. d. Wilson, state food administra-
tor said
In the recent -four boarding survey
conducted by the state food admin
istration, county food administrators
have shown by their reports that
when the white flour in their respec-
tive counties is properly -distribut-
ed it will provide the required six
pounds per capita a month for every
resident in their counties.
M'nnesota's supply of wheat, which
is to be marketed by today, ac-
cordirg to orders from Washington
is being put on the market in good
shape, Mr.. Wilson said
Persons still having wheat in their
bins after today will have difficulty
in explaining why it is there, Mr.
Wilson said
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17

Mr.. and Mrs. Louis Salet spent
Sunday at Wells.
Mrs. Leon Salet of st. Paul visited
relatives in the city over Sunday.
Clifford Lynd spent Sunday with
friends at ST. Peter.
Clement Bowe, $40 Fourth street,
enlisted last Saturday in the coast
artillery service, and leaves Mankato
tonight This young man has been
working for the Commonwealth Elec-
trio company. He is the third son of
Mr.. and Mrs. P. H. Bowe to enter
the war service. The other two sons
are Emmett Bowe of the third field
artillery, Camp Doniphan, Fort Sill,
Oklahoma, and Leo Bowe, with the
ordnance service. at Camp Hancock,
Georgia.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Richards of this
city and guests. Messrs. Frank and
Adolph- Kruder of New York, motor
ed to LIE Sueur Sunday and were en-
tertained at the home of the formers
son-in-law and daughter, Mr.. and
Mrs. G. G. Hoerr
Miss Agnes Rudberg, who teaches
school at Mortified motored home
last Saturday and visited over Sun
day with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Andrew Rudberg.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. R. Snow spent
Sunday with friends at Rochester
Mimi.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
Last Day For Selling Wheat

lOnlteQ PreSS DlSpatcn.I
st. Paul Mimi, May 15.-This was
the last day for selling wheat Any
wheat above actual needed require
ments, found on farms after today
will be seized by the state, according
to State Food Administrator A. D.
Wilson. The regulation is to be en-
forced strictly, in order that all
available supplies of wheat may be
gotten into the hands of our allies.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17

buildings and was hard on the tele-
phone poles as great many are
leaning way over the road.
Mrs Eli Michels of Mankato, Viola
Michels and Miss Herman of st
Peter We're guests at the Michels
home last week.
w. G. Clark went with a party oil
land seekers to Texas last week.
Tom Hanson is at the Emmanuel
hospital where he had an operation
saturday.
Mrs. H. D. Trask and daughter
Elsie spent Sunday afternoon on the
farm.
John Lind and Evard Budde went
Ito New Sweden Sunday and were
entertained for dinner at the home
tof Albert Lind.
:, Sunday Mr.. and Mrs. Elmer BurnetI
entertained Miss Annie Borchardt
and party of friends from LIE Sueur
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Burnett and
Ruth Peterson.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Cuddy of Man
kato visited Mr.. and Mrs. Charlie
Severance Sunday.
Carrie Busby who attends the Com
mercial college in Mankato, has just
passed forty word test in type
writing and has received her Rem
ington certificate.
MI. and Mrs. Walter Johnson spent
Sunday with the latters parents, Mr..
and Mrs. Theodore Parsons VINO are
camping at Lake Jefferson.
Mrs. Joe Grice of North Mankato
spent several days last week with
her daughter, Mrs. Paul Sharp
G. Laffrey has his deep well fin
ished. 1t is two hundred and four
feet deep. He has purchased an
engine of Charlie Goodell at Judson
and now has plenty of water.
Eleanor Culp of Mankato is spend
ing the week with her sister Marie
Sylvia Smith is spending the week
with her aunt, Mrs. Willie Randall.
Mrs. Victor Wood and little daugh-
ter Irma of Duluth are spending the
summer with Mrs. E. A. Denzel
Minnie Melvin from district No. 81
went to st. Peter Friday evening to
,spell in the contest.
Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Door and chill
dren attended the Presbyterian church
in Mankato Sunday.
| Mrs. Randolph and daughter Effie
and Mr.. and Mrs. Glade Randolph
spent Sunday at Lake Crystal.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17
Action Against the Omaha
UNITED Press Dispateh.1

United Press Dispatch.
Minneapolis, Mimi, May 15.-
Alleging that the Omaha railroad
picked up his home and household
effects. set them on a flat car and
moved them away when the railroad
sought to expand, William Burfening
is sueing the company for damages.
The company claimed that he had
built 4 hut on it's right of way.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-05-17

Foreign Languages Banished.
Foreign languages will not be
taught in the public schools of Win
dom henceforth, the board of educa-
tion having so decreed.