davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-01-29
mattocks, picks.
hARNESG

mattOcKS, PICKS.
HARNESS.
Two sets breechbands with inch
side plates, god as new, l new set
four extni side plates for breech-
bands; 3 sets front harness, good as
new; 2 sets Yankee harness, good as
new, wagon saddle, citizens saddle
and bride, four-horse wagon line,
housings, 2 sets check lines, | set
iouble driving harness. 5 sets single
harness, sets heavy fly straps, 8
sets buggy fly straps. 8 sets plow
gears with pipes on the traces, good
IS new; 3 sets trace carriers, 10 col
ars. work brides, 10 leather hal
ers, 10 choke straps, kicking strap,
lead reins. These harness are hand
made by c. H. Becker. Fifth chain,
log chains, | pair spreaders. / three
horse evener, 2 sets butt traces,
)air breast chains, thribble trees,
louble trees, Is single trees. 6 iron
crowd sticks, scoop shoyels,
shavels, 8 corn baskets. pair steel
ards, moving scythe briar scythe,
'ggipg iron and crow bar, set OF
blasting tools, sledges and hammers,
:orn choppers, muzzles, water key,
Inner bell. 2 axes. lot carpenter
ools. set blacksmith tools. scald-
ng tank, sausage grinder and suffer.
gambling sticks, iron pot and stand,
maui and wedges, l x-cut saw, 8
barrels, oil tank, 80 gal, with spi-
got, one so gal. gas barrel.
DAIRY OUTFIT.
One No. Is Deval Cream separator
No. order. one A. H. Reed milk
cooler, s milk cans, 2 sanitary milk
buckets, water separator fifteen
gallon churn, butter print, Farmers
Favorite feed cooker. holds 40 gal,
milk stools, Cyphus incubator. 800
egg capacity in fine condition; large
size bsoode-
HOUSEHOLD GOODS.
Four bedstgads, l set springs, ]
mattress,new; lounge. dining
room chairs, l rocker, extension
table. u foot; falling leaf table. some
od1 chairs, / kitchen safe, / walnut
old time desk, / bureau, wash stand
| ice box. lot window shades, wire
screens, 2 screen doors, lot mating,
20 yds. Brussels carpet lot dishes and
crooks, cook stove No. 8, in good
order. ! cook stove range No. s, |
large size chunk stove and one small
er size chunk stove. both good as
new.
TERMS OF SALE.
A credit o, nine months will b.,
gwen on all sums of $40 and owe
the purchaser to give note with az
proved security. negotiable and paya
Bile at the Merchants and Farmer.
Bank OF Martirsburg, with interes
from date, but If paid at maturity in.
teyest RENTED Under $40 cash. Nc
property removed until terms are
complied with Discount for cash.
MRS. L. r. JONES.
Hoffman G Dunn, Auets.
Harwood Burkhart and
]. II. Fulk. Clerks.
J. Roy Nadenbousch. Asst
] % N & T I'd
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-01-29
PUBLIC SALE
or VALUABLE
PERSONAL PROPERTY

The undersigned, intending to cur
tail his farming operations and give
up some Of the land he has been
tanning, will sell at public sale, at
his residence GU Rocky Marsh. three
miles west OF Shepherdstown and z
miles east Of Martinsburg, on
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY s, 1918
the following personal property.
6HEAD or HORSES
No. 4, Jack, bay horse, years Old.
good barshare and wagon leader N0.
4. Diamond, bag mare. years old.
Eood strap marie NO . aud 4, paif
og extra good Belgian colts. 3 wears
aid. x. E. IN H. ss<ss,z ha,.l.a ~ - 4
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-01-29

size, will farrow March LIST. Seven
Chester shoats will weigh about go
lbs average. Eight shoats will weigh
about 60 lbs. average.
FARMING IMPLEMENTS.
One four.horse Brown wagon, No.
3, inch tread; One farm wagon, bed
capacity so bushels; One Hess rubber
tire buggy, nearly new; Twentieth
Century manure spreader, capacity
60 bushels; Deering binder, 6-foot cut
in good condition; Binder lounge
truck: Superior grain drill, eight
hose, in good order; Deering horse
rake, nine-foot sweep; set new hay
ladders. 20-foot long; two three-horse
iron beam Syracuse plows and join
tiers; one Oliver chilled barshare
pillow No 40; one Brown double Gull
tivator; land drag; one lever spring
tooth harrow, one four-square har-
row; Superior double disk corn plan
ter, with check row chain and fer
tilizer attachment; one horse cultiva-
tor; single shovel plow; double sho-
spring-tooth harrow; Defiance two
row corn cutter; hand cutting box;
2 iron watering watering troughs;
new hay fork, rope and pulleys; Two
buggy Jacks; American wire STREET
cher, complete: barb wire stretcher.
MACHINERY.
One Domestic three-horse power
gasoline engine, with tank and spray
err, complete; one truck for engine;
two knapsack sprayers; one hand
suction and force pump: Manus green
bone cutter; Sharpless tubular cream
separator No. 2.
Some Alfalfa Hay
About 40 Chickens, Barred Rock and
lot Of Fodder.
HARNESS.
Four sets front gears, set new
single harness; 2 set plow gears;
collar and names for single harness:
wagon saddle; / four-horse wagon
line; Summerset saddle and riding
bride; sets trace carriers: Hou-
shans; choke straps; z collars; A
brides; leather halters; 2 lead
reins; 2 leather plow lines: 2 sets
heavy fly straps; wagon whip: sta
BILE blankets: fifth chain: pair sprea-
aers; sets butt traces; pair breast
chains; 8 iron crowd sticks; threble,
double and single trees; forks;
briar scytre; shovels; mattocks:
hoes and rakes: apple Dbl. press;
i set runners for buggy; one seed
over, 4 bbls.
HOUSEHOLD GOODS.
Two iron bedsteads; walnut bed
tead: corner cupboard; extension
able, S-feet long: IL doz. dining
Dom chairs: rocker: / stand !:
hunk stove; screen doors and win
ow screens: ] coal oil heating stove.
TERMS OF SALE.
A credit of nine months will be
iven on all sums of ten dollars and
yer, the purchaser to give note with
pproyed security. negotiable and
rayable at the Citizens National
3ank Of Martinsburg. with interest
from date Under ten dollars cash.
No property removed until settled
for. Discount for cash.
MRS. NJ NJ HAYSLETT,
GEO. w. VANMETRE.
Dodd and Hoffman, Auctioneers.
HARDWOOD Burkhart. Clerk.
LIS cod I'd.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-01-29
PUBLIC SALE
OF
Wal lIhPl E STOCK

sell ~ ~ e5.dence, Maple
View, on the road leading from Shep-
herdStown to Martinsburg, oneihalf
mile east OF Winebrenner's Cross
Reads, oil
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1918
Sale to commence at 10 o'clock.
62 HEAD OF STOCK
rs head Of cattle. mich cows, 3
with calves by side, one will soon be
fresh, the other one Ia giving milk.
5 HoLSTEIN BULLS
One bull coming 2 years old. COM
ding year old, l six months old.
These are well bred Holsteins. One
full bred Jersey bull. coming year
old, fat steers. will weigh 800 or 900
lbs. each, balance thrifty young cat
tie.
is HEAD OF SHEEP
IL ewes, all will have lambs BY day
of sale; / Dorset buck l year old.
is HEAD OF HOGS
10 tat hogs fine shoats.
TERMS OF SALE
A credit OF nine months will be
given on all sums OF $40 and over. I'm
der $40 the cash will be required;
the purchaser to give note with APP
proved security negotiable and pay
able at the Old National Bank Of Mar
tinsburg with interest from date, but
II paid at maturity interest will be
RENTED. No property to be remov-
ed until terms of sale are compiled
with, Fat cattle and fat hogs will be
sold for cash.
w. E. vANMETRE.
Dodd & Hoffman, Aucts.
HARDWOOD Burkhart, Clerk.
Jan "a Is 80 Feb 81 II Is Is Is
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-01-29

Of personal property in this section
Others will be added from time to
time and necessary changes made.
Wednesday, January 30-H l..
Snapp and r. G. Stout, west of
Pikeside
Wednesday. January 30-Jerry
Slonaker. 2 miles south of Shanghai.
Monday, Feb FL w Siler, u
mile east OF Foltz's store.
Tuesday. February SO. B Shade,
on Rocky Marsh. one-fourth mile
south OF Martinsburg and Shepherds
town road
Wednesday, February CD M.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-01-29

mile east of MartInsburg on Shep-
herdstown road.
"Wednesday, February 13-Ernest
Myers. Opequon district, near Green's
burg.
Thursday, Feb. 14-Earl Grantham,
near Mlddleway, Jefferson county.
Friday. February i5--Dick and
Shimp, one-hals mile north of Cumbo.
Saturday, Feb. 16.-Mrs. M M.
Hayslett and Geo. w. vanMetre, Ar
den Place, one mile south of Mar
;insbu &, on Riley Ford road.
Monday, Feb. l8-Mrs. Ella B.
Moler. near Bakerton.
Tuesday. February 19-William
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-01-29

Miller, one mile east Of Greensburg,
Tuesday February 26--James Ho-
vermale and 7. j. Smith, one mile
north OF Martinsburg, on Williams
port pike (Trimble FARM.
Wednesday, February 27-Joseph
Byers, three miles east Of Walper's
Cross Roads. two and one-half miles
west of Shepherdstown, on Keaneys-
vile Pike.
Thursday, Feb 2S--F. c. Foreman,
mile north Of Shenandoah Junction,
east of N. & w r r.
Friday, March 1--Burr Pickett, near
Aldridge, Jefferson county.
Friday, March arch Billmyer,
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-01-29

vanMetre, one-half mile east Of
Winebrenner's Cross Roads.
Wednesday, February 20--Harvey
Lemaster two miles north of North
Mountain, one mile west of Little
Georgetown.
Thursday, Feb. 21.-iMrs. L. r.
Jones, about one mile north OF Mar
tinsburg on the Wililiamsport pike.
Friday, February 2z-Mrs Ashby
Potts, Mount Rock Farm, on Arden
Road
Saturday February 23--G r. All
port, near Ridenour's. School House,
Moler avenue, Martinsburg.
Monday, February rs - Charles
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-01-29

Shipper, one-half mile east Of Smoke
town
Tuesday, February 7--Cromwell
Koontz, one-half mile southwest of
Pikeside
Friday, Feb. Sd w. Fry, l mile
northeast of Martinsburg, along B. &
o.
Monday. February 11--John A. Co
iiss. two and one-half miles south Of
Martinsburg, on Sulphur Springs
Road
monday, Feb. 11--John A. Coils, at
Blaiton, two miles east Of Martins
blu g.
Tuesday. Feb. I'D. II. Knipe, IL
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-01-29

miles north Of Swan Pond.
Saturday, March Edward Nico-
demus, 2 miles north Of W'aynesboro.
Pa.
Monday, March CHARLES Melvin,
2 mics northwest of Bakerton, Jetfer-
son county.
Tuesday, March 81 w. Coffin
barger, Rocky Marsh, one-half mile
south OF Martinsburg and Shepherds
town Road.
Wednesday, March CD Flagg
Burkhart, one-half mile north OF
Jones Spring
Thursday, March Wv. p. Melon
aid, one and one-half miles north of
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-01-29
THE BIG
snAPP STOUT STOCK SALE


WEDNESDAY,, JANUARY 30, 1918,
commencing at 10 o'clock, a. M. on
the farm known as the r. G. VIII.
Hams farm, 2 liz miles south OF Mar.
sinsburg. 2 miles north OF Tabler. on
the Winchester and Martinsburg
pike
Each and every article offered will
positively be sold
Here q the place to get your pigs
Tor the pen and heifers and cows for
The dairy
1893 HEAD or STOCK,
An 81 which Will Be sold to the high.
AZ bidder
10 HEAD or FARM MARES HEA.
MI COLTS, MULES AND MVLE
COLTS. SADDLE ANn{
4 -. !. -. ... ~. II. -
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-01-29
PUBLIC SALE
OF VALUABLE
PERSONAL PROPERTY

Consisting of Horses, Cattle, Hogs
and Farming Implements.
The undersigned. intending to quit
farming. will sell at his residence.
situated one mile west of townsville,
on the DR.. Gaines farm. or what is
known as the Natural Well Farm on
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY z. 1918
sale to begin at 70 o'clock, all the
following valuable personal property.
Wig
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-01-29
9 HEAD HORSES AND COLTS
20 HEAD OF CATTLE
9 HEAD or HOGS

Four thoroughbred Chester White
sows. thoroughbred Chester White
boars. old enough for service. The
above are entitled to registration.
One male hog old enough for service
One SOW with pigs. These hogs will
weigh around l40 pounds by day Of
sale. Papers will be furnished to
purchasers II desired.
JOHN w. JACOBS.
Jan. 10. Is, 81, rs. 81; Feb. S.
Martinsburg W Va evening journal. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1913-1920, 1918-01-29

near Ridgeway.
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
HUNGARIAN DIET TOLD BY PREMIER
 PEACE IS DESIRE

AMSTERDAM, Feb. 2.-In an ad- dress delivered ,, fore the Hungarian diet, Prem'er Wekerle declared that the desire for peace, on the part of Hungarlans, is sincere and earnest. "We never strove for conquests." he said, land we are ready now to seek a just understanding which will bring lasting peace. The only con- dition that we insist upon is the in tegrlty of our country's territory and liberty to regulate our internal affairs. We will oppose any at tempt to dictate our policies, but we desire to maintain our alliance with Germany, as we regrad that as one of the most effective safe guards of peace.
 Advices received here today state positively that Premier Czarnn, of Austria, has forwarded numerous messages to President Wilson, assur- ing the American executive of the guilessness and sincerity of Aus trian diplomacy in the efforts which are being made by that country to bring about peace.
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
PRESIDENT TELLS SOLONS
 AGITATION HURTS NATION

WASHINGTON, D. C., Feb. D. A number of prominent Democratic senators were summoned to the
 White House yesterday afternoon, and informed by President Wilson that agitation in congress for the creation of super cabinet and minister of munitions and the radi- cal reorganization of the war de- partment is hurtful to the country. The president pointed out that the discussions in congress on the ques- tion are being garbled by agents of Germany in an effort to make it ap- pear that Americans are not entirely determined to win the war. The president declared that he is unal- terably opposed to any change being made at this time, but several of the senators attending the confer ence refused to promise that they would make an effort to stop fur ther agitation in congress.
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
AMERICAN TROOPS
 NEAR ENEMY LINE

WITH THE AMERICAN ARMY. FEB. 2.-Amundsen, the Norwegian explorer, who is visiting the Ameri- can zone as correspondent for sev- eral Scandinavian newspapers, re- ports that the Yankee troops, at one place in their sector, are only sixty feet from the German trenches. At other places they are fully mile distant from the enemy. The Ameri- can trenches, he reports, are in a marshy country, it being necessary for the men to pump constantly to keep the water out of their dugouts. The water is an advantage, however, since it keeps the trench rats away, source of great annoyance to the troops in drier sectors.
 Amundsen has informed his papers that the Americans are a fine lot of men, full of confidence and eager for the spring activities to begin.
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
BELIEVE
 BOL WILL HELP THEM

NEW YORK, Feb. 2.-Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkmann surrendered themselves this morning and have commenced serving time for conspiring to interfere with the draft law. Berkmann declares that the Bolshevika of Russia will make demand upon the American gov ernment to release the two prisoners and let them return to Russia.
 Berkmann will serve his sentence in the Atlanta penitentiary, and the Goldman woman will go to Jeffer- son City, Mo. Each will serve two years and pay fine of $1O,OOO in addition. They both made impas- stoned speeches here yesterday be- fore the Bolsheviki controlled Rus sian colonial congress, urging the delegates to carry the spirit of the Russian revolution through America.
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
HEALTH BOARD NAMED
 TO REGULATE NENANA

By authority of an act passed by the territorial legislature of 1913, the Nenana School board, at the meeting held this week, named a health board for this district, con- sisting of Mrs. M. J. Sweeney, presi- dent of the school board; F. S. Ryus, townsite manager; and Dr. Malcolm E.. Smith. The new board has au thority to do all those things neces- sary to safeguard the health of the community and it is the intention of the members to enter immediately upon campaign requiring citizens and property owners of the town to clean up their premises and other wise conform to the regulations that will be announced from time to time.
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
CHINA HAS FORCE
 READY FOR FIELD

WASHINGTON, D. C., Feb. D. General Chiang, of the Chinese mis- sion, is authority for the statement that his government now has force of half million men ready to enter the trenches on the side of the Allies. In addition, there are another mil lion men under arms, a reserve of two million and a population of four hundred million more to draw upon, should the need of additional troops arise.
 The only obstacle in the way of sending troops to France, General Chiang says, is the lack of trans ports, but he has been assured by the Allies that both ships and the necessary fluids to engage in the war will be forthcoming when the time for the movement of the troops arrives.
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
AMERICANS MAKE GOOD
 IN WEDNESDAYS BATTLE

WASHINGTON, D. C., Feb. D. Additional information received from the American headquarters in France regarding the raid made by the Ger mans on the American listening post during the week, indicate that only the heroism of the platoon in the trenches nearest the raided lis tening post prevented the Germans from entering the trenches. It is known that the German attacking force was superior in number to the Americans, but the determined stand made by the Yankee troops put the enemy to rout before much damage had been done.
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
CASS WILLIAMS RECEIVES
 ACTIVE SERVICE APPOINT

J. Cassin Williams, of the Alaska Engineering commission disbursing office here, will leave for Washing ton, D. C., via the Fairbanks trail, on next Monday. MT. Williams has made several attempts to enter the service of the United States army during the past six months, but as he was not positively assured of a chance to get into active service, he has stayed in Nenana until his chances are certain. When the last report was received from Governor Strong regarding the Alaskan regis trants being allowed to volunteer their services to the government, MT. Williams immediately tele- graphed' to Washington, D. C., and received an assuring reply to the effect that if he would come out immediately he. would receive the appointment that he wished. Fur ther inquiries as to details were so satisfactory that MT. Williams will take advantage of his chance at once and leave on the next stage for the coast.
 MT. Williams is very enthusiastic over his departure, and while his many friends in Nenana are sorry to see him leave, it is certain that if he shows the Huns the same spirit of aggressiveness that has permeated his work on the various patriotic committees in our city, that Nenana will be assured of a worthy repre- sentative on the firing line.
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
LARGE FORCE AT
 WORK ON RAILROAD

At the present time there are over six hundred men in the employ of the Alaskan Engineering com mission here, including contractors and laborers. The main crews are at Camp Twenty-Mile, engaged in laying steel up to the new bridge. The glacier overflow there has caused much trouble to the engineers and the men are all at work in an at
 tempt to dam the flow. From Twen- ty-Mile out as far as Lignite, con- tractors outfits are scattered along the right of way at intervals of a few miles, building grade. There are also several outfits working on wood contracts for the commission in the vicinity of Thirty-five- Mile crossing. ---'--
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
DANIELS TELLS GRADS
 OF NAVY DEPARTMENT

ANNAPOLIS, Feb. 2.-Addressing the special graduation class of 300 reserve officers of the naval acad- amy, Secretary Daniels declared yes terday that the naval reserve force now numbers 69,OOO men and 7,SOO officers, force larger than that of the regular navy at the time the war started and three times as large as it was during the Spanish can war. ".~-: ..- .- --
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02

number of the members of the new government are now under ar rest, The others have taken flight to kishiniev, where they are seek ing the protection of the Rumanian troops. It is the belief of the Bol- sheviki government that the defeat of the ukrainians will delay the eff fort being made by them to make separate peace with the Germans. Polish troops are reported to have joined the anti-Bolsheviki forces in Volhynia.
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
NIGHT SCHOOL PUPILS
 BUY WAR SAVING STAMPS

The Nenana Citizenship Night school pupils largely foreigners, are doing their "bit" for the country of their adoption. On Friday they made a purchase of one thousand dollars worth of certificate war sav- ing stamps, and within two weeks there will be an additional purchase of similar, if not greater sum.
 This Nenana school is probably the only one in Alaska, public or quasi-public, that has raised such an amount to help carry on the war, and it speaks much for Nenana and Alaska generally.
 Evidently the teachings received daily are bearing fruit, even this leaving one to imagine what these schools will do in coming years for Alaska and for the country. in general.
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
TROTSKY MAKES PUBLIC
 LETTER or ANARCHISTS

PETROGRAD, Feb. 2.-The min- istry of foreign affairs has trans mitted to Ambassador Francis a copy of the letter addressed to Trot- sky by group of Petrograd anar- chists, demanding that the ministry bring pressure to bear on the Ameri- can embassy to secure the release of Emma Goldman, Alexander Berk- mann and Thomas Mooney. The ministry also included a copy of resolutions adopted by the anar- chists threatening to enforce their demands on the embassy
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
GEDOES SAYS SUB
 CAMPAIGN IS NOI
 MAKING HEAOWAY

LONDON, Feb. Recommending on the year of ruthless submarine warfare, which has just come to a close, Sir Eric Geddes, first lord of the British admiralty, declares that the U boat campaign is being held stationary by the Allies. Coincident with this announcement, comes the disclosures, in a Dutch newspaper, that German military and financial authorities are very much disap- pointed as the result of the failure of the German submarines to end the war. They confidently expected that the undersea campaign would bring about the defeat of England within six months. Instead, how ever, the sinking of merchant ships has dropped below the level main tained before the ruthless policy was inaugurated.
 Interest in the German strike situ- ation has been added by the publi- cation, in German newspapers, of the outline of an alleged Anglo American plot to spread dissension throughout the Central powers. The press claims that the sum of two hundred fifty million marks was raised at Washington for the use of an organization which was to start revolts in Germany and Aus tria.
 Threats of force have been used by German military authorities to crush the strikers, but these meas ures have not yet ended the strike movement.
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
COAST ADMINISTRATORS
 WILL DISCUSS PROBLEM

SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 2.-Food Administrator Merritt has announced that a conference will be held at Portland on Monday for the purpose of discussing the vital food prob lems of the Northwest and Alaska Special attention will be given to the meat problem. The conference will be attended by the various food administrators of the Pacific coast.
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
SPAIN NOW REGARDED
 AS COMPLEX PROBLEM

WASHINGTON, D. C., Feb. D. In the opinion of diplomats, Spain today presents one of the most im- portant and complex problems con fronting the Allies. It is believed that the Spanish government is merely waiting for developments to indicate which side is going to win, before deciding to enter the world conflict. The government is re- garded as neutral, but the army is believed to be largely pro-German.
The Nenana news., 1918-02-02
MEXICANS TAKE NOTICE

Mexico City.-The activities of German propogandists in Mexico have reached such a stage as to at tract the attention of the Mexican government. A legislative com mittee this week instructed the at torney general to investigate charges to the effect that von Eikhardt, German minister, is responsible for alleged corrupt conditions prevail ing in the Mexican chamber of depu- ties.