davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seward gateway daily edition, and the Alaska weekly post., 1918-01-24

Ask your grocerS for Seward Bakery Bread.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-03
Life Behind the
Screen in
Germany
Print Paper

IT HE German newspapers have been hard
L hit by the great advance in print paper,
prices. Since the war began the price has
risen from twenty-one to ffty-fo pfen-
nigs per kilogram, corresponding to near
~ cents pound. In consequence OF
this advance more than 1000 newspapers
have suspended publication since 1914.
About a month ago the government end
the Reichstag discussed the nrecarious POI.
sition of the press and reached an agree
ment that the government give assistance
to the newspapers by bearing part of the
advanced price and making allotments OF
print paper to the publishers. AliotmeBts.
are regulated TO cover only limited part
of each newspapers requirements. and theff
price abatement, which amounts to sixteen
pfennigs per kilogram, applies only to
these allotments. This system applies
equally to the papers of all political parties
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-03

Gus for recital. The cruelty with which she
has driven thousands upon thousands of peo-
ple-p1en, women and little chidren-into an
exile that implies almost certain death, till
sections of the country have been totally
depopulated the indecent treachery to
Christendom Of her filling the CONSTANT
nople harems with little Serbian girls; the
inhuman repression with which she has
tried to suffocate in the residue of the popu-
lation every last vestge of national spirit
and even of national identity-these things
augur i'll for the Balkans if Bulgaria be
left in any position of power after the war.
Compare these methods with the stand
point Of the Serbs. In the short time that
Serbia held Macedonia, between the end
Of the Balkan War and the beginning of
the Great War, her treatment of the Mace
domains was absolutely consistent with the
claims she had made regarding them She
had declared them to be Serbs and She
treated them as Serbs, as brethren re-
deemed at long last from foreign rule.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-03
The Charter of Our Island Protectorate, the
Newest Mode in Democratic
Documents

years ago it declared its independence. and
won it against the pick of Napoleon's fight
ing men. We did not help, because the
Haytlans were almost entirely Of African
descent and had been slaves. We did not
believe, and apparently some of US do not
now believe, though there was once war
about it, that the black man, like the white
nar, is included in the generalization that
"ali men are born free and equal" So for
two years we have been in military posses
sion of Hayti, which aided Bolivar to free
South America while we were preserving
neutrality in thought as we'll as deed
The President Of Hayti still lives in Port
au-Prnce, but the real government is the
United States Marine Corps, which takes
it's orders direct from Josephus Daniels,
who may be assumed to act under the d.
recton of President Wilson, and with the
advice of Mr.. Lansing; for although the
marines dismissed the Haytian Congress
last fall, they have not get sent his pass
ports to the American Minister, Mr. Bailly-
Blanchard.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-03
g he Came Close to the
~ Democratic Ideal

The natural instinct Of the Serbs is to
cooperate, and in the application of the
principle of cooperation 20 every aspect Of
their national life they have actually sue
ceeded in getting very much nearer than
most nations to what is presumably the
ideal goal of democracy: the greatest good
Of the greatest number.
1t was not for nothing that in the days
before the war Serbia was known as the
poor mans paradise.
In any case, If we secure for Serbia the
position to which she is entitled, we shall
have, as the leading influence in the hither-
to distracted Balkans, a contented state. de-
veloping on sane and natural lines, and de-
irving from institutions and customs which
have grown normally out Of the needs and
through the efforts of the people them
selves an infinitely greater stability than
can be expected in countries like Bulgaria.
whose development has been artifcially
forced from outside assistance.
We shall have, moreover, an unfailing bull
wark against any future revival Of Teutonic
aggression. nation whom We have proved,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-03
Cerbia s Brave Work
~ of Reorganization

She found the country in a miserable
condition, poor, backward, with it's people
distracted by conflicting intrigue and propa-
ganda till they did not know where they
stood. She set to work with the slender
means at her disposal to rcorganize the
country; introduced her own equitable sys-
tenn Of justice, opened schools and did her
utmost to set the Macedonians on their feet
and make them feel that they had, so to
speak, come to their own people She had
indeed not time to do much before the
great war broke over her, but that she did
succeed in convincing the Macedonians that
it was a desirable thing to be Serb has
been clearly enough shown by the methods
Bulgaria has since found it necessary to
employ in order TO Bulgarze them
In the course of the instruction which
took place in Serbia last year, the nsur-
gents seized Prokuplie, where there we're
500 Bulgarian soldiers. Remember, these
Serbs had been driven to revolt by seeing
the most inhuman cruelties practised on
their people. The last straw. according to
one reliable account, had been the carry
ing off of young girls to Constantinople.
If ever men had an excuse for seeing red
these had. But what did they do to the
Bulgarian soldiers in Prokuplie when they
had them in their power? They disarmed
them and conducted them to the outskirts
Of Vrania, where they released them, say
ing, I'VE do not want to hurt any one; all
We want is to free ourselves" The Bull
garians were not capable of seeing the
nobility Of that Eve don't want to hurt
any one" and the repression of the rebel
lion was appalling; but there is no need
60 go into that here. 1t is only one detail
of the whole horrible story; but the Pro-
kuplie incident serves well to illustrate
the essential difference in outlook of the
two peoples.
There is another highly important as
pect Of the question, from the general rs
we'll as from The Balkan standpoint. Most
of the best evidences of genuine civilza-
ton in the Balkans (apsrt from the an
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-03
CIV Constitution Is Being Tailored for Hayt

the PRONUNCIATION Of the present constitu-
ton, are equally ratified end validated"
1t seems only square deal that il the en-
tire course of the American occupation be
approved, including the dismissal Of the
Haytian Congress, the failure to live up to
solemn guarantee of the convention to Sc
cure the national debt as to the payment Of
both principal and interest, President Oar
tiguenaves compulsory obedience to Secre-
tary Daniels should also be condoned.
Alas for Hayti! The first statement in
the new constitution reflects the ancient
pride Of her people.
"The Republic of Hayti is one and in
divisible, free, sovereign and independent.
"fler territory, which includes the ad-
jacent islands, is inviolable, and cannot be
alienated either by treaty or by conven-
ton"
That means, of course that there will not
be naval station for the United States in
Haytian waters, a more convenient site hay-
ing been found in Santo Domingo.
But the "free and independent republic"
has no armed force save its gendarmerie. as
provided by Articles CXvIII and CXIX,
which is established to maintain order,
guarantee the rights of the people, and ex-
ercise the police authority in both city and
countrv"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-03

OF all matters relating to the treasury shalt@
be according to the method established byss
law, but sin case the legislative body is unSss.
able for some reason to act on the budget
for one or more ministerial departments
before adjournment the budget or budgct@S
of the departments interested in force dursES
ing the current budgctary year will be cons
sinued for the budget year following" &
The legislative power is defined by theS
new constitution as consisting of two as~ss
semblies, a Chamber Of Deputies and ~
Senate, which form the Legislative CorpsyS
There shall be one Deputy for every 0.ooe
of population, and until census is takcslss
the membership will be limited under thG%
old system of political divisions into AKRON ~
easements. A Deputy must be twenty-hves
years of age, in the enjoyment of civil and@
political rights, anud must have lived as
year in the reimbursement he represcnts.S;
He is elected for a two-year term, and may
be reelected for any period. 81
The Senators, who shall be fifteen in NUNS
Der, represent the departments, but arSS
elected for six-year term by univcrsaIs
suffrage. They must be thirty years of ages
and have lived in the department two yearss@
possessing the other qualifications set forthS
in the case Of Deputies. -
Together these two bodies constitute tho
National Assembly, which shall elect thcM
President Of the Republic and receive hiss
oath Of oeice, declare war on the initiative
OF the executive power. and approve or res
ject peace or other treaties and internal
conventions. But, as already indicated, the
executive power has sole authority TO insti-
tute financial legislation, and neither cham
Der has authority to increase tho budget
prepared. The duties Of the lawmakers are.
IN fact, to register the Presidents wishes.
They are to hold annual sessions
The five Secretaries of State, who are to
have the privilege of the floor in both
Houses. are no longer to be responsible to
the legislative power, as under the old CON
stitution, but will be wholly the creatures
Of the President
The judicial power remains practically
unchanged, the members of the Court of
Cessation being appointed, however, by the
President.
Such. in brief, is the form of government
which must be the Washington administra-
tions ideal, since it was made in the United
States, or at least by and with the consent
Of the American military occupation
The relations of Hayti with the United
States are not touched upon, except AS al
ready noted They amply covered, too
amply, perhaps, by the convention which
places the United States in control OF the
country.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-03

~ Near Home


The problem of the Caribbean has been
ever present with Mr.. Wilson, who has
been no less solictous about the dependent
peoples Of the New World, as shown in his
Mobile address, than for the welfare of
democracy in Europe. And there has been
ample time to work out the salvation Of
HaYts and its neighboring erstwhile Re-
pu5lic Of Santo Domingo, which is at pres
emf ruled by an admiral Of the American
navy. its Congress having been disposed of
by sthe United States Marine Corps a wear
before the Haytian lawmakers were dis
missed.
This new constitution for Hayti is one
of the things planned for the American
voter as a pleasant surprise. 1t was first
to be given fair trial, doubtless with a
view of remedying any little defects in
herent in even the best Of constitutions.
and then the work, as nearly perfect as
merely human intelligence might hope to
make it, to be held up to the admiration
of the world.
Although the document bears internal
evidence of having been translated from
English into French, which is the official
language of Hayti, the original is not vet
accessible to the newspapers, which must,
therefore, depend upon the Haytian official
text. This is in some respects as vague
as some of President Wilson's fourteen
conditions: but whereas, according to we'll
informed Washington gossip, both Colonel
House and Senator Hitchcock possess the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-03

INC qualifications are that candidate for
the Presidency must be born Of Haytian
parentage, must never have renowned his
nationality, must have attained forty years
OF age and be in enjoyment of his civil
and political rights.
Prior to taking Office the President will
take the following oath before the National
Assembly:
Il swear before God and before the ma
ton to observe and to faithfully enforce
the constitution and laws Of the Haytian
people, to respect their rights and to main
tain national independence and the integrity
Of territory"
The President shall appoint and dismiss
the Secretaries OF State. He is charged
with overseeing the execution of the repub-
lies treaties and with promulgating It's laws
under the seal of the republic as prescribed
elsewhere.
He is charged with the execution of the
constitution and the laws, the acts and de-
crees Of the legislative body and Of the
National Assembly, but is without power to
suspend or interpret these laws acts and
DEGREES.
He will safeguard according to law the
domestic and foreign welfare of the state
and make all treaties or international con-
ventions with the sanction of the National
Assembly. He has the authority to pardon
or commute sentences except in the case of
proceedings for high treason or other crime
committed by the executive or the Secre-
taries of State, for which trials correspond.
ing to impeachment and accusation must be
n mt cd h~v<
heard by the Senate sitting as high court
Of justice.
Should the President be impeached the
president Of the Supreme Court (Tribunal
de Csssation) will preside, and thirds
majority Of the Senators is necessary to
conviction. The President is authorized to
accord anne in political matters within
the provisions Of the law, and shall COM
mand and direct the armed forces of the
republic.
If the President finds it temporarily i'm
possible to exercise his functions, they de-
volve upon the Council of the Secretaries
Of State.
This rule applies in the case of vacancy
by death or disability because of inpeach-
ment, and in case of a vacancy the Council
W
ately convoke the National Assembly to
choose his successor for the unexpred
presidential term
All acts Of the President, excepting de-
crees carrying nomination or dismissal Of
the Secretaries Of State, will be counter
signed by the Secretary of State. whose
department is chiefly concerned The
President has no other power than that
formally conferred by the constitution and
the laws by virtue of the constitution. At
the beginning of each session the Presi-
dent by message shall account separately
to each of the two chambers for his adj
ministraton during the year, and present
the general situation of the republics
domestic and foreign affairs
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-03

Gent Greek and Byzantine) are of Ser
0ian origin; and the capacity of the Serbs
for real culture is unquestionaby higher
While they have not the Bulgar taste for
steady, plodding labor. they have far more
inspiration. The Serbian language is rich
in beautiful literature, above all in poetry.
There is practically no Bulgarian litera-
ture, except the products of few writer's
OF to-day, of no outstanding Importance.
Bulgaria has nothing whatever to compare
with the great traditional ballads Of the
Serbs, probably the finest folk poetry in
the world. The whole viewpoint of the
Serbs is higher, alike in art, in the stand
ards of daily life and intercourse; and
while they have no tendency to force their
views on others, there can be no doubt that
the influence of strong nation of pecu-
liarly high moral perceptions, Of unusual
artistic gifts and great capacity for prog
Sess, may we'll be an important factor for
good in the life OF its neighbors
There has been far too great tendency
in the past to condemn the Serbs as back
ward. Materially it is true that they are
backward in many ways, but by no Leans
in all. 1t must be remembered that from
the end of the fourteenth till the begin
ming Of the nineteenth century Serbia was
debarred by the Turkish rule from ali pos
sibility of progress. The fact Of the mat
ter is that in the short time since they
regained their freedom the Serbs have
achieved a progress which is little short Of
miraculous, and is all the more to their
credit since they have had to do it alone.
If Bulgaria has been the spoiled child of
Europe, Serbia has been he Cinderella.
From any nation that has contr1ved to
keep its end up in the face Of the difficult
ties which have beset the Serbs in the past
hundred years, we may reasonably expect
very great things in the way of progress
when once its freedom and security are
properly safeguarded. Moreover, in one
respect. Serbia is ahead OF all the rest
Of US.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-03

Presidents own written Interpretation of
the fourteen conditions, no one apparently
mas thought tit to amplify and explain the
new constitution of Hayti; and if, in the
ordinary course Of events, this is left to
the court of Cessation of the Island Re-
public, it will be a life job for the entire
bench. Thus Article vi says:
"Tout Ha1tien age de vingt-et-un ans
accomplis exerce les droits politiques, sill
reunit dailleurs les autres conditions de-
terminees par la Constitution ct par la loi"
Does that mean that the sturdy and in
dustrious peasant women of Hayti are to
be allowed to vote? The sentiment of the
Washington Administration on this subject
Is we'll known, but the error is perhaps in
the translation, which certainly does not
include Haytian women specifically. The
Court OF Cessation may strain point and
say "tout Haitien," ETC., means Haytians
without regard to sex; but why when
constitutional amendment on suffrage is
pending in Washington pass the buck in
Hayti?
In framing their own laws for themselves
Haytians were habitually explicit. Thus an
earlier constitution prohibited white people
from owning real estate, engaging in re-
tail trade becoming citizens of the re-
public. A decade ago the political dis
ability of the white race was removed and
it is worth noting that the new constitu
ton expressly grants to foreigners, color
not specified, the right to own land and to
establish agricultural, commercial and in
dustrial enterprises. The Haytians them
selves have long favored a more liberal
attitude toward the white settlers in their
country, but the wisdom Of giving the
whites free hand at this time can only
be justified by the events. Haytis natural
wealth is immense, and, owing to causes
which may be discussed elsewhere, unde-
veloped.
Before giving further consideration to the
new constitution, however, it may be we'll
to note that, having been submitted to a
vote Of the people on June IL last, it was
adopted by vote Of 98,264 to 769. The
figures are illuminating, in view Of the fact
that the election was conducted under the
auspices of the Navy Department of the
United States, as showing that less than s
per cent of the population took the trouble
to visit the polls
Perhaps the most striking feature Of the
new constitution, one in which it is thus
far unique, although it may serve as les
son to the new nations to be erected in Eu-
rope. is headed "Article Special" and pro-
vides:
Gail acts Of the government Of the United
States during its military occupation in
Hayti are ratified and validated.
"A-No Haytan shall be held cvilly or
III.
mitted by virtue of orders of the (Ameri-
CAM occupation under its authority.
"The DEGREES of the court martials of the
occupation which do not each time call at
tention to the pardonng power shall not be
subject to revision.
"The acts Of the executive power, up to
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-03
By E. M. Chadwick

TNHE recent unconditional surrender of
Bulgaria was purely military. Po-
Il itical issues were specifically left
for settlement to the final peace
conference. From now onward until the
peace delegates meet, Bulgaria will do her
utmost to bring influence to bear on the
Entente, in order to secure the best possible
settlement of her territorial demands. She
has lost no time in beginning her propa-
ganda--more than one indication Of it has
alreary been discernible in the press here
and, if rumor speaks true, she is not above
trying to buy consideration from the En-
isnte By turning her polluted sword against
her former friends and allies.
Now the predominating influence in the
Balkans will have to be in the future either
Serbia or Bulgaria Obligations Of honor
and Justice alone would make it impera-
tive that we should support Serbia; yet the
Bulgarian propaganda is SO INSCRIPTIONS
and so deadly efficient that there is still
danger of wrong being done when the
final settlement takes place unless public
opinion is put on its guard in time.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-03
The Call of the Vine

G. o long as there are Germans left who
~ will pay s1o7 for gallon of wine that
country is evidently not yet in the last
throes of starvation. That is the price at
which a cask of EItviller Taubcrsbcrg was
sold at the recent auctions of Rhine wines
of the 1917 vintage. The total results, too,
of the wine auction for all Germany show
that the people ere spending remarkably I
large sums for wine. The spring auctions,
covering mostly wines of the 1917 vintage,
brought in total Of $1s,2oo,ooo, reckoning
at the normal rate of exchange. The sig
nificsnce of this sum becomes evident when
it is stated that the larger vintages of
the years before the war never brought
more than $s,2oo,ooo. 1t is a noteworthy
picture-Germany staggering to its fall in a
military and political sense. vet the armies
of war prohteers are falling over each other
to buy luxurious SinsA
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-03
w ashington Makes
w the Appointment

And under the terms of the convention
between the United States and Hayti the
chief OF this armed force, like the receiver
OF customs and financial adviser, is ap-
pointed on the recommendation Of the Presi-
dent of the United States. The chief at
present is a highly popular marine officer.
Colonel Williams, son Of the late Police In
spector Williams Of this city.
The national sovereignty is vested in the
whole body of the citizenship, according to
Article XVII, and the exercise of that
sovereignty is delegated to three powers:
the legislative power, the executive power
and the judiciary power. These form the
government of the republic, which is "es-
sentially civil, democratic and representa-.
tive"
Each power is independent of the other
two In those functions which it exercises
separately, and none can delegate nor pass
the limits of its fixed authority
The legislative power which is given pri-
GRITTY in the fundamental law, may be con-
sidered logically after the authority Of the
President has been defined, because of the
unusual nature Of the duties confdcd to
the Chief Magistrate.
The President Of the republic will be
elected for four years, entering upon his
office, except where the election has been
held to fill vacancy, on the 18th Of May,
and in the event of special election i'm
mediately the President may be returned to
Office for two consecutive terms, and may
have third term after a four-year inter
val, but citizen who has been thrice elect
ed President is no longer eligible for office.