davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
BUREAUS FOR FARM
Organizations That Make County
Agents Effective.
PLANFORySECURING SUPPORT
Ideas Outlined In Guide Recently Pub
llshed by Agricultural Department
Adapted to Various condl.
tons.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture.l
The counties which have been most
active In cooperating with their coun-
" agents are, with rare exceptions,
the ones which are reaping the great
est benefits from their services. Ex-
perience shows that help and advice
Of the farmers themselves are neces-
sary to the success of county agent
work, and the support Of both rural
and urban population is needed. The
means Of securing this local support
which has been found most effective
In the extension work In the northern
and western states, officials Of the
United States department Of agricul-
ture say, is to establish county or
ganization usually known as farm
bureau" In a guide recently pub
llshed by the department and known
as Handbook of Farm Bureau Organi-
zation for County Agricultural
Agents." detailed suggestions are Civ
en- for forming such IN organization.
The plan outlined can be adapted read
lily to the various conditions of differ
ent counties. 1t may be established
in counties having inefficient organiza-
tiOns, in counties contemplating the
employment of an agent, and In places
where the agent Is now unsupported
by a local county organization.
Functions Of Organization.
The chief functions of a county or
ganization, as outlined in the hand
book are:
/. To coordinate the efforts of ex-
listing local agricultural forces, either
organized or unorganized, and to or
ganize new lines Of effort. 1t does not
supplant any existing organizations or
compete with them, but establishes a
clearing house through which all may
Increase their efficiency without In any
way surrendering their individuality.
2. To bring to the agent the coun-
sci and cooperation OF the best farm
ers in the county In planning and exc
cutting an agricultural improvement
program.
8. To furnish the necessary local
machinery for easily and quickly
reaching every community In the coun-
~ with information Of value to that
community or to the county as a
whole.
4. To encourage self-help through
developing and exercising leadership
In the rural affairs of each community.
o. To reveal to all the people of the
county the agricultural possibilities Of
the county and how they may be real.
lied.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
PROPER CARE OF MACHINERY
Farm implements Depreelats More IN
Value From Neglect Than From
Actual Zee.

Farm machinery depreciates In value
more rapidly from poor care than from
actual use. That Is. larger part Of
the 10 per cent annual depreciation Is
caused by exposure than by use.
A 160-acre farm needs about $1,000
worth of machinery. Ten per cent
depreciation means 500 every year and
more than $50 Of this is lost through
lack Of care. Sheds for this machin-
cry would cost about $500, which at 8
per cent a year would mean $12. The
difference between $50 and $12 cannot
all be credited to profit, for part Of
the care of machinery lies In labor and
material. Still there would be fair
margin. Housing. repairing at the
proper time, and painting the wooden
parts are three essentials In the core
Of machinery.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
HOG WALLOW SUBSTITUTES SUGGESTED

prepared by the United States Department
Some farmers favor hog walows others opposed
them Filthy hog waows danger Hogs waowng
In drinking contaminated likely disease
However there advantages be waows
cool bath very soothing hog during weather II
cleans the scu from the skin hogs Crude
petroleum sufficient 70 form thin layer
poured into the waow about tend to keep
the hogs free from lice and other skin parasites becomes
itated from the OH its should be discontinued quantities
Of coatar dip sometimes added hog waow but
there element Of danger this practice poisoning may re-
suit from the absorption Of pheno by hogs which wnow
less continuously.
On Of the larger hog becoming
popular The cement hog wuow should be located place
and made to contain from eight inches water two
Inch drain pipe recommended for dipping vat should be
placed In the bottom of the waow permit cleaned ONT
In farmer Is financially hog wal
low dipping vat this be the dip properly diluted
according to directions be applied spray pump or shrinking
else rubbed Of the by of brush
swab Of cotton waste Care should be to apply the
dip stronger than directed.
Another method Of controlling LIE gunny similar
cloths around proper hogs may
rub against them and satuste the sacks frequently crude
petroleum
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18

finally finishes out with the greatest
weight, and yields the highest percent
age of prime beef.
In selecting feeders, there is per-
haps no point more important than
the back. A wide, straight. strong
back, with a well sprung rib, is essen
tial. The girth Of the steer should be
large-that is, the distance around tho
body back of the shoulder should be
as large as possible. This means more
room for vital organs and insures
better constitution than is otherwise
likely to prevail. Associated also
with large glrth Is well-sprung rib,
making a wide back on which there is
room for the deposition Of large
quantity Of high-priced meat. There
Is also greater depth of chest and
greater digestive capacity with a large
girth.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
LAY BLAME FOR POOR CROPS
Wrong Selection Of Seed often Named
When Preparation Of Soil 10
Really the Trouble.

II is not well to blame crop fan
ure on wrong selection Of seed,
when the preparation of the field is
so often the cause. A field planted
with corn where much trash lays bar
led will too often prove TO be nothing
else than placing the grains among
dead and dry vegetable matter under
the ground. There they have no moist
ure nor soil to hasten or cause ger
mination nor to support life; hence
the work and seed both have been lost.
The missing hill theory may be sup
ported, partly, by this fact. and 1t
seems very reasonable to believe 1t
has something to do with II instead OF
laying the whole blame on something
else.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18

ways. II the ground turns up lumpy
the large clods can be crushed by the
harrow better while damp than when
dry.
When much trash has been plowed
under the soil dries very quickly, be-
cause the refuse underneath holds up
the soil and makes air holes and pits.
The harrow will adjust the soil and
arrange the trash much more satisfac-
torily by using II as soon as possible
after blowing. 1t retards evaporation,
and the little pits and holes win also
ill quicker and easier.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18

lost by bringing corn from the South
and attempting to grow 1t In the North
where II failed to mature. One Of the
most common mistakes in selecting
seed corn IL to lay too much stress up
on one thing-forgetting all other feat
ures. some Of which are OF great i'm
portance. A person win often sacri-
fee everything to depth Of kernel, size
or length Of ear. or place too much
stress upon straightness Of rows, I'LL
ing out at the tip. space between rows,
etc. All Of which should be taken into
consideration. but are not the only
things nor even the most important
things to be considered.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
SELECTION OF FEED CATTLE
Butcher Wants Animal That WIN De-
liver Highest Percentage Of Good
Cuts--Good Points.

The block is the supreme and final
test of the beef animal. The butcher
desires an animal that will deliver the
highest percentage Of good cuts, and
show refinement in parts that are not
edible, in order to reduce waste,
Fineness of bone, lack Of paunchiness
and small head are thus desired by
the butchers, but the steer with light
bone, small paunch and a fraiI head
would be unable to go through the
feeding period and make economical
gains.
Even though the strong, vigorous,
capacious feeder may not turn out at
the finish into the exact ideal of the
butcher, he is the one that puts on the
largest and steadiest gains, epdures
heavy feeding for the longest time,
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
SOME POULTRY DISEASES

When the crop is hard and I'M
yielding there is danger of the
bird becoming crop bound.
When the joints are hot and
swollen and the fowl is disin-
clined to stand, rheumatism has
taken hold.
When the nostrils are clogged
with dirt and the eyes water,
ward Off a possible case of Group
by timely treatment. Il the case
Is bad apply the Ratchet and
bury the carcass.
When the bird seems lame and
has a small swelling In its foot,
remove to a house with no
perches and obllge 1t to roost on
a bed Of straw. Bumble-foOt is
easily cured in the early stages
II the cause is at once removed.
When a hen seems to drown
down behind and goes repeated
ly to the nest without laying,
she is usually suffering from a
disorder of ths oviduct, and
might as well be killed and eat
en-.
When the hen seems giddy
and turns round and round, she
is probably suffering from apop-
lexy.
When the bird has leg weak
ness, with no disorder of the liv.
er, feed lighter and give plenty
Of bone-forming material.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
Observation-Disclosures
POTATOES FOR SHOW

Dig when the ground is dry.
Let potatoes lie ON the ground
long enough TO dry thoroughly
and to tougher the skin.
Carefully wrap each tuber sep
arately In paper.
Place in shallow one-layer
boxes and store In a dark cool
place.
Take ont just before time to
send the tubers to the show.
Clean them with a soft brush
removing every particle of the
the dirt.
Avoid pressure In order not TO
injure the tubers.
Do not wash; tubers wilt IL
washed and have an unnatural
sheen.
Pick out q model of the type,
size, color and eyes Of the va
riety TO be exhibited.
Make the rest of the lot as
nearly like this model as posi-
BILE.
See that the skin Is clean,
smooth and free from sunburn,
having a desirable luster and
bloom and being free from all
blemishes of all sorts.
Wrap in soft paper and pack
so that they will not jostle or
jar in being shipped. - A. w.
Aamodt, Potato Specialist, Uni.
versity Farm, st. Paul.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
TICKS ARE GREAT SURVIVORS
Many Of Pestiferous Insects With.
stand Temperature Of 20 Degrees
Below Freezing.

Cattle ticks are great survivors,
Many Of them survive temperatures as
low as 20 degrees below freezing, white
eggs If protected by grass or similar
material may survive zero weather.
Seed ticks can live in the grass for
three or four months in warm weather,
and for eight months If winters are In.
cluded, without food. The longer they
starve, however. the hungrier they get
for cattle blood. Starving ticks out
is the slow way. Dipping cattle In
arsenlcal baths kills the ticks at once.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
CORN FOR A GIVEN LOCALITY
Farmer Must Be Familiar With Pre-.
valling Conditions Before He Can
Judge Properly.

The best ear of corn for a given To-
cality is the ear that will give the
greatest profit year after year II plant
ed in that locality. We must be ia
miliar with the conditions prevailing
in locality before we can properly
Judge corn for that locality. The
sample of corn which is best for Mis-
souri, or southern Iowa should not be
planted at all in Minnesota or the Da-
kotas. Millions Of dollars have been
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
TOOL SHEDS MOST VALUABLE
Shelter Costs Comparatively Little
When cesslderIne Damage to
Utsaeltered Tools.

A tool shed costs little compared to
the risk OF neglecting the implements.
Binders. mowers. hay presses, tractors,
sllage cutters and other machines rep
resent considerable capital and Il Is
economy to shelter and care for them
when not In use. The she'd is really
insurance upon implements from sun,
rain and rust. and there is another adj
vintage beside the loss and deteriora-
ton, and that is saving time.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF Agriculturel
Cotton growers, particularly In the
northern part of the cotton belt, are
urged by specialists of the United
States department of agriculture to
save an extra amount of seed and TO
care for ii so as to prevent any dam
age from frost. If there is any doubt
about the seed which the grower now
has on hand being damaged by frost,
1t is urged that termination tests be
made. If the tests show poor germl-
nation either the present supply should
be replaced by seed having a higher
percentage of termination. or the rate
Of planting next spring should be in
creased to make up the deficiency.
II is important, the specialists say,
that this deficiency be determined now
In order that more seed can be re-
served II necessary. In order that
farmers may be prepared for emer-
gencies, the department is urging that
twice the amount of seed required for
a single planting be saved now.
Disposition Of Surplus.
Farmers who now hnve surplus
quantities Of good planting seed would
be rendering patriotic service In their
communities by. getting this surplus
into the hands of other farmers in
stead of selling it to the oil mills.
Also growers needing better seed
should make an effort now to locate
farmers with SURPRISES of good stock.
The seed stocks committee in each
state Is medium through which farm
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
GOOD RACKS FOR SEED CORN
Wooden Affairs In Which Ears Are
Placed on Separate Shelves
Are Convenient

Wooden seed racks, In which the
ears are stored In rows on separate
shelves. are convenient dryers, and
have no drawbacks in dry, breezy
place, although the air cannot circu-
late freely on all sides and dampness
may be held where the row Of kernels
rests on the wood.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
IMPORTANT TO GIVE VARIETY
Duplicate Spring Conditions as Near
az Possible to Obtain Eggs In
Winter Season.

Everybody gets eggs in the spring.
Why? Because spring is the natural
laying season. If we want eggs at
other times of the year we must fool"
the hen by duplicating spring condi-
tons as nearly as possible.
Variety is important in the winter
ration. A hen Graves and seeks diff
ferent kinds of food. In the spring
and summer when she ranges on the
farm she gets q variety, but In the
winter, when there is no grass or clio
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18

to the stack, the straw should be fed
in feed racks. Putting the straw
through feed chopper adds material
ly to its value as food. All straw
being low in moisture content add
ton Of alfalfa hay or roots to the ra-
ton will correct this tendency. Straw
should never be fed as the sole ration.
A SIN Il amount of grain silage, roots,
pulp or molasses In the combination
will aid very materially, especially
when fed to immature animals. Only
bright straw, free from mold and ex-
cessive dust should ever be fed. This
Is especially true where breeding ani.
mails are concerned. A little attention
in stacking at threshing time will pre-
vent much loss from weathering.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
HARROW SOIL AFTER FLOWED
To Insure Satisfaction In Many Ways
Burrows Should Be Gone Over
Before Dried Out.

The pillow and the harrow should
be kept closer together in operation
than is the case with those who wait
until the field has been completely
plowed before applying the harrow.
II 1t Is at all convenient TO do so. the
harrow should be run over the newly
turned burrows before the fresh earth
has dried on the surface. This win
insure greater satisfaction inNseverai
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18

yer, no bugs or worms, when the wa
ter is frozen over, when the snow is
on the ground SO that she cannot pick
up a bit Of gravel and sand, these
things must be furnished In her feed.
A hen is different from most AMI
mails She win balance her own ration
If given an opportunity.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
WRINKLE, VARIETIES OF PEAS
soeH as Ground Becomes Dry Enough
for Thorough Preparation Plant
Them in Garden.

While the s2sa.h varieties Of garden
peas are capable Of standing more cold
and wet than the wrinkled sorts. they
are scarcely worth the planting. As
soon as the ground becomes dry enough
for thorough preparation sow the
wrinkle variety Of peas.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18

ers who have seed for sale and farm
ers who wish to buy seed can get to-
gether, The department specialists
also urge farmers who have only lin
tied quantities of pure seed to make
every effort to preserve the supplies
and to get maximum increases in seed
next year, using special care in storing,
planting and cultivatlng.
The immediate cash loss a farmer
may experience through refusing TO
sell all his seed to the oil mill at pres
ent tempting prices will be more than
Offset by the advantage to be gained
next spring in having plenty Of seed
available for planting and replanting.
A bushel Of seed may bring the farmer
50 now, but next spring 1t probably
would plant two acres. from which
bale of lint and 80 to 40 bushels Of
seed could reasonably be expected.
Help Other Farmers.
II Is explained that liberal carry
over Of seed, generally, would enable
localities not needing to replant next
spring to release seed for use in other
similar sections where a third or
fourth planting may be required be-
cause Of extreme conditions. Under
such circumstances farmers having
surplus seed would be helping TO solve
the problems of other farmers If, in
stead Of selling to the oil mill, they
would notify the chairman of TIE seed
stocks committee of the state in which
they live as to the variety and guam
tity Of seed they have on hand.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
FEED STRAW TO LIVE STOCK
To Obtain Best Results Animals Should
Not Be Turned Loose TO Stack
Use Feed Racks.

There review principles involved
In feeding straw that must be observed
II the best results are to be obtained.
Instead Of turning the animals loose
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
SOIL MOISTURE is WEIGHT
Most important Factor In Crop Pre-
duetlon-Acts as Food Substance
for the Plant.

Soil moisture is the most important
factor in crop production. Water not
only acts "a food substance for the
plant. supplying hydrogen and oxygen,
but II is vitality concerned In the essen
tial activities bon Of the soil and OF
the plant. II serves as a soil condi-
tIoifsr-giving 3 favorable physical
con iihon-and regulates soil tempera,
furt
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
WIRE FENCE BEST
1t Must Be Built to Turn All Stock
Without Injury.
TWO QUALITIES ARE NEEDED
To Be Economical II Must BE Con.
stFucted as cheaply as Is consis-
tent With DurablIlty-Weloht
Fixes Price.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF Agriculture.)
A good job to attend to between the
busy seasons is the building and re-
pairing Of fences. A farm fence should
combine the two qualities Of service
and economy. To give satisfactory
service It must be constructed so as
to turn all kinds of stock without in
jury to them. TO be economical 1t
must be built as cheaply as is conSis-
tent with durability. The fence that
Is erected at a low initial cost Is not
necessarily economical, for II may be
short lived.
Wire fences are very generally re-
placing those of stone, wood, and
hedge wherever the latter are becom-
Ing unservlceable. In selecting a WOW
en-wire fence, II is preferable TO eco
nomize by eliminating unnecessary
wires rather than by using lighter
weight wire. In pastures where only
cattle or horses are to be kept there
Is no need Of providing q fence the
spacing in which is close enough to
turn hogs.
Weight Determines Cost.
The factor which determines the
price of woven wire fencing is its
weight so that in fences of the same
height a wide spaced fence with COM
paratlvely few wires costs less than a
narrow spaced one with more wires.
On the other hand, ii is becoming gen.
orally recognized that the use of heavy
wire in fencing Is economical. The
initial cost of the heavy wire is greNt-
er, but its durability is more than sutfi-
cient to Offset this disadvantage. The
labor and other costs In the construc-
lion of a fence are practically the
same whether a heavy or light grade
Of wire is used. but with heavy wire
the fence lasts so much longer that
this cost Of construction Is distributed
over a much longer time. That this is
appreciated by majority of farmers
is indicated by the increase in the
percentage Of heavy wire that is being
sold for fencing purposes.
Common Type Of Fence.
For the general farm on which all
kinds of stock are kept, and on which
the rotations practiced call for tempo
rary pastures, the common type Of
fence now being adopted in the north
central states is one which has ap-
proximately ten line wires and total
height of about four feet. The bottom
wires are spaced about three inches
apart. Such fence constructed from
all No. 8 wire with a strand Of barbed
wire on the top, Usage orange, locust,
red cedar steel, or cement line posts
set a rod apart, and ends and braces
Of the same materials as for the line
posts at distances of 40 rods, Is now
being built on many farms and is
proving serviceable and economical
when Its long period Of usefulness is
considered. Such a fence is exception
ally durable and should last approx
mately % years.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
Starting Plansa

On a small scale. vegetable seeds
may be started in small boxes or fats,
placed under the kitchen stove.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18
Grain Eaten By Rodents.

Grain, eaten and wasted By rata
and mice on many farms, would pay
all the farmers taxes.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-01-18

Winter hardness Is one Of the es-
sentials to alfalfa growing In this
eoentrs.
, 1918-02-21

Anyone wishing to haul coal from
the local mine can now be accommo-
dated. The management announces
that large quantities + on hand and
n quantity may be had without delay.
The youngsters who like to dance are
to be out of luck on the occasion of the
Odd Fellows Annual Ball on March
s. According to the printed announce
ments, the goats" will have the floor,
while the kids must sit down and be
good.
Mrs. P. E. Wilson entertained a few
friends and neighbors at her home last
Saturday evening. Several hours were
devoted to cards, after which the host
ess, assisted by her daughter, Miss Ed
ma, served a most elaborate luncheon.
The evening proved a most pleasant
one for all the guests.
For the benefit of the buying public,
the Saratoga Commercial Co. publishes
elsewhere in this issue a letter from
the state food administrator. which
outlines the requirements placed upon
local merchants by the administration
officials. There is no desire upon the
part of the local merchant to be arbi-
trary in the matter of selling his goods,
but it is indeed the part of wisdom
for all retailers to heed the warning of
the administrator and not lay them
selves liable to heavy fines by allowing
any customer to purchase through them
more than his allotted portion of the
staples which nave been placed under
government control.