davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28
Full Power to Get Planes
and Men for Army
Given by Baker
Crowell to Control
All Munitions Work
War Secretary Establishes
Centralized Heads for
Two Great Branches

WASHINGTON, Aug. 27.-VirtuaI e.
tablishment Of ministries of munition,
and aviation and tho appointment of
Benedict c. Crowell, First Assistant
Secretary of War, and John D. RYAN,
Chief Of the Bureau of Military Aero.
nautics, as the respective heads was
announced to-day by secretary Baker
While the official statement refers to
the appointees rs "Drector of MUM
tons" and "Drcctor of Ai> Service, u
the changes evidently are intended to
erect separate organizations, each un-
der direct control Of one man, who will
hold wide powers and be intrustod
with all responsibility in those fields.
Mr.. Ryan with his new duties as
sumes the position of Second Assist
ant Secretary Of War, vice Edward r
Stettinius, who is now abroad in con-
nection with important government
matters. Mr.. Stettinius is to remain
in France indefinitely, it wes an
Houllc'" as special representative of
the War Department with full powe,
to carry out the special missions with
which he is charged"
Baker Hesitated to Act
The necessity for the eventual con-
solidation of the various activities
connected with the munitions pro-
gramme has been repeatedly predicted d
since the early days of the war. Ex-
pcriences of Great Britain, prior to the
establishment Of distinct Minister of
Munitions, led many experts to recon-
mend similar action as remedy for
difficulties in this country. Secretary
baker is understood to have hcstitated d
to approve the proposal, believing
Continued on page fve
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28
Foe Hastily
Builds New
DefenceLine
Anoth h err 'fHindenburg'
Position Constructed Be-
hind Old Works
BY Wilbur Forrest

Copyright 1918. by The Tribune Associaston-Ness
York Tribune)
Especial Ca6le to The Trtbune)
WITH THE AMERICAN ARMY IN
THE FIELD, Aug. 27.-While the Brit
ish are developing their wonderful
successes to the northwest, attention
should not be entirely diverted from
the less spectacular work Of the
Franco Americans to the southeast
north of scissors and along the Vesle
The Franco-American operation now
in progress is "hold and shove" STRAIT
egy, with the French doing the SHOW
ing and the Americans the holding. 1t is
one Of the best illustrations of Foch s
remarkable "squeezing" strategy which
has for its object the taking of much
ground, including strongly fortified
natural positions at a minimum cost
in infantrymen's lives.
While the Americans with the
French generally are holding the line
of the Vesle, General Mangin's French
army is beginning to squeeze the en-
emy north of Scissors. The poilus
now are approaching the road from
Chauny to Soissons, just beyond which
lies O. high rolling plateau. Once on
the plateau, the results of this squeeze
became apparent: first. the Germans will
be under heavy artillery fire from two
sides, making the situation north Of
the Veslc and north of the Aisne ex-
tremely precarious for them; second,
the enemy will be forced eventually
to evacuate the area north of the two
rivers, including the famous Chemin
des Danes, and retreat to the hills just
north of the River Ailette.
With the Allied guns once on the
plateau, shells begin to do the work
of infantry and another "elastic" Ger
man retreat becomes inevitable. That
I..sdendorff realizes this is shown in sew
eral ways. The most important huge
Bertha" which has been bombarding
Paris, has been moved from the threat
ened region. Also extremely important
is the knowledge that the Germans
are working feverishly on second
line of defence, soma distance to the
rear of the notorious Hindenburg
line.
The Hindenburg line runs roughly
from the north of Rheims over the
crest of the Chemin des Danes, then
to the vicinity Of St. Quentin and AL
bert. The second line, where every
spare German is busy with a pick and
shovel, can be traced roughly from a
point many miles northeast of Rheims,
then just south of Laon to the vicinity
Of St. Quentin. There is a third line
behind, which is also being strength
ened.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28
Blease Left Far Behind
In South Carolina Race
For u. S. Senaforshin

COLUMBIA, S. c., Aug. 27.-Returns
from onefourth of the counties in the
state, including about 10000 out of
$4,000 votes cast in the Democratic
primaries, to-day showed Nat b. Dial
leading former Governor Cole T..
Blease in the contest for the Sena-
torial nomination. Dial had 12.54S ind
Blease 6,855. Interest centred in the
Senatorial fight, owing to letter from
President Wilson to South Carolina
newspaper man, characterizing Bleese
as unfriendly to the Administration
For the short term in the Senate
Christie Benet, incumbent, with 6,16o
votes; William II. Pollock, with 7,O41,
and Thomas II. PEBBLES, with 5,295,
were all running so closely that sec
ond primary will probably be neces-
sary. Robert A. Cooper, in the guber-
material race, had an indicated ma
jority over two competitors, his total
being 1856, to 5,0O3 for John G. Rich
. ards and 1876 for Andrea j. Bethea.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28
British Roll Back German Lines
In Fierce Fighting on 45-MiLe Front

the enemy for miles around, and have
thus attained great advantage. The
Bois du Sart, one of these places. lies
south of the Scarpe and northeast of
Monchy- Preux, and it was feared that
here the enemy might hold up the ad :
vance for time. The wood was capt
ured, however. after a short but fierce
struggle, in which the Germans los.
heavily.
Another similarly valuable point is
Montauban, northwest of Mametz.
which fell this morning after the Ger.
mans had been given orders to hold at
all costs. These orders were suddenly
changed, and the enemy retreated.
Still another is Dompierre. south
east of Cappysur-Somme. Domperre
was reached in the forenoon. From
this point here is low. rolling country
all the way back to Peronne. Incl
dentally the British at this place are
now only six miles from Peronne.
where the Somme bends to the south
Bapaume Now 'No Mans Land"
Bapaume. having been almost sur
rounded, has been entered by British
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28
(By The Associated Press


WITH THE BRITISH ARMY IN
FRANCE, Aug. 27.-Having been still
further extended by attacks launched
north Of the River Scarpe. the battle
to-day was raging along field almost
fortyfive miles long, and the British
with renewed vigor were rolling up the
Boche before them and sweeping con-
stantly eastward.
Nearly in the centre of the battle
field hard fighting has been in prog
ress along the old Hindenourg line. in
the neighborhood of Croisilles, Fon.
taine-lez- z-Croisilles and Bullecourt, and
once through the Germans strong de-
fences in this locality. open fresh
ground remains beyond.
The Hindenburg line has actually
been pierced at one place, east Of
Heninel. and the weaker portion of it,
northwest Of Fontaine-l lez- Croi stiles,
has been captured and mopped UP.
British Overlook Enemy Lines
During to-day's fighting the British
captured high grounds from which they
can overlook the country occupied by
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28
Ford, Beaten by
Newberry, Wins
Democratic Race
Motor Manufacturer Loses
Republican Nomination
For Senator in Michigan

DETROIT, Mich, Aug. 2s.-Com.
mander Truman II. Newberry, of the
Sd United States Naval District, forme,
Secretary of the Navy, appears, on the
lace OF returns from Approximately
one-fourth of all Michigan precincts
to have been nominated as Republican
candidate for United States Senator
IN yesterdays primaries.
Henry Ford, Detroit manufacturers
is running second, with less than half
as many votes as Commander New.
berry, with former Governor Chase s
Osborn close third. William G,
Simpson, of Detroit, apparently polled
only light vote throughout the state.
In the contest for the Democratic
nomination for Senator, Ford who was
candidate on both party tickets, had
polled double the number of votes cast
for his only opponent, James w. Helmc
according to the incomplete returns
available at 1880 o'clock this morning
Complete unofficial returns from 4S4
precincts show for the Republican nom
nation: Newberry, q 1886; Ford, 1o.677:
Osborn, 1886.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28
70 German Divisions
Used Since August. s

LONDON, Aug. 27.-Reuter's cor
respondent with British Headquar-
ters in France in a dispatch dated
Tuesday says:
"lf attrition is really going to end
this war. then, indeed, the present
tactics of the Allies in the West are
making rapidly for victory.
Down 10 Sunday night it may rea,
sonably be estimated that the enemy
had been forced to use between the
Scarpe and the Aisne at least sew
enty divisions since the British coun-
ter offensive started, August 8.
"The extension of the battlefront
northward by the attack behind
Arras yesterday morning probably
led the Germans to hurry reinforce
ments into the threatened area. And
so the heavy drain upon thei, shrink
ing man power goes on"
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28
Bitter German Counter Attacks Fail

On the battlefield both sides the Somme the Germans
made repeated heavy attacks throwing dv
sions in attempting to halt the British. After bitter a-ngh
fighting the British succeeded in holding their gains
the Germans further back line defence
Villages captured by the French around Roye include
Hau Frausart Cremery Gruny Carrepu, Roye Laucourt
Crapeau Mesnil and St. Giles In the Scarpe fighting the
dans took Cherisy, Vis-enArto Gavree Arleux ofee
and reached the outskirts of Peve and Pouvan the centre
Of the battle line the British took arcou Trones Moulin de
Fargy, VaulxV Vraucour Bernafaye Fers Bengnatre
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28
Modified "Work or Fight"
Clause Is Sent to Joint
Conference
Gore Withdraws Only
Negative Vote Cast
Efforts to Put Youths in
Deferred Class Fail by
Big Majority

WASHINGTON, Aug. 27.-The man.
power bill, bringing within the army
draft all men from eighteen to forty
five years old, was passed late to-day
by the Senate, with a modified "work
or fight" clause
All efforts to change the age limits
or to direct separate classification Of
youths under twenty-one failed and
the measure now goes to conference be-
tween the House and Senate, with no
difference for serious controversy, ex-
cept the "work or fight" provision.
Negative Vote Withdrawn
The Senate was recorded unani-
mously for the bill. Senator Gore, of
Oklahoma. who cast the only negative
vote on the rollcall, withdrew it and
was excused from voting. There were
seventy-fve affirmative votes.
The final vote was recorded amid un-
checked applause from the gallery
filled with spectators, who attended
to-day's session to witness final Con-
gressional action of the measure that
will add approximately 100000 men
to the potential military strength of
the nation and provide, in the opinion
of War Department chiefs, the army
that will enable the Allies to defeat
Germany next year.
In conference the differences in the
drafts Of the bill as passed to-day by
the Senate and as enacted Saturday
by the House by vote of 336 to 2 are
expected to be compromised speedily,
and the bill in its final form transmit
! ted to President Wilson for his sig
nature late this week. Preparations
being made by Provost Marshal Cen
eral Crowder to carry out the pro-
visions of the measure are expected
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28
British AdDance Menaces Per0nne:
R0ye Is Carried bV French Tr00D
Hun Destroyers Sunk,
Bodies Off Coast Show

COPENHAGEN, Aug. 27.-It is re-
ported by the authorities in Jutland
that during the last few days the
bodies of 1870 German marines have
been washed ashore on the western
coast of Jutland
The authorities say that it has been
substantiated that the marines were on
German destroyers which probably
were lost during an engagement or by
coming in contact with mines.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28

Advice 70 those who war, .
LIBERTY BONDs-pont '"e''
A1vice TO those who must s.iI A.
John Muir g. Co.. 81 D'vay.~~Adyt '"
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28
Bitter Enemy Counter Attacks
Fail to Halt British Advance
Canadians Drive One and a Half Miles Beyond
Old Hindenburg Line, Overrunning Four
Villages, While British, to South as Far
as Chaulnes, Take Seven Towns

%, ~.
Focs drive in Picardy developed impetus yesterday
when the French First Army right British often
slve launched heavy attack a twelveme front from
Chaulnes to Laucourt south of Roye fighting
threw the Germans back than half at
points and captured the city Roye neighborng
villages.
To the north the British Third Fourth armies con-
tinued their hammerng weakened de-
fences and pushed forward for gains nearly all points
along the thrtme front from the Scarpe Chaunes
The British advance nauguraed yesterday carried
them we'll the heights overlooking important
base is now directly menaced by Haig's onrush
In smashing attacks both the Scarpe Canadian
Scottish and English troops drove pronounced
gains capturing several villages and reapng harvest
prisoners by thousands The German gave at
points under the Allied forced the
enemy back in disorder North of the Scarpe Haigs
mile and half beyond the old Hndenburg line.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28

Caty comment on the 0as-sopiuo
o7der on Poge fine.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28
Americans on Vesle
Attack and Repulse
Foe in Two Battles
(By The Associated Press)

WITH THE AMERICAN FORCES ON
THE VESLE FRONT, Aug. 81
IL p. M)-American troops to-day at
tackled the Germans in the region of
Bazoches, three miles west of Fismes
simultaneously the Germans attacked
the American lines at Fismette, about
mile northwest of Fsmes.
Infantry fighting in the outskirts of
Bazoches still is continuing The
Americans at present are holding the
upper hand.
In their attack on Fismette the Ger
Continued on page three
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28
Baker Hesitated to Act

Continued on page tfve
New-York tribune., 1918-08-28
Mangin's Army Makes Fresh Gains

In the Noyon pocket General Mangns Tenth Army struck
again the German flank north of ossons by an advance
of twothirds of mile front of half mile got new grin
the Juvgny Plateau overlooking the defences
the east
The Americans the Vese attacked sharply west of
Bazoches and held the hand in the infantry struggle
which followed German attack launched simultaneously
toward the American positions Fsmette the river
north of the railroad centre of Fismes crushed
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
The French
Reserves

Thus, with smaller army to begin
with, having displayed lack of energy
last year in applying the draft, al
though this consideration is conceivably
open to question, having lost 1.750,0O0
in casualties in two years out of an
army smaller than the French, and hav-
ing, somewhat recklessly, yet, in part,
necessarily, scattered their divisions in
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
Justice
To the British

This means that there will be gen.
eral notion that the French are really
doing more than their share and saving
the British over and over again, where
as the truth will be that British and
French are performing exactly the mis-.
sions allotted to them by the High Com
mand. And, it must be patent, the
higher costs will be paid by the Brit
ish, who last year lost four to one, as
compared with the French, and so far
this year have lost some 250,0O0, against
$4,000 for Pstain's forces.
The point which am striving to
emphasize is that it is essential not to be
unjust to our British allies, whose losses
are terrific now and whose services are
equally great, while the French, having
done their share and more than their
share in past years, are now acting as
reserve, marching to the threatened
point but arriving only when the first
shock is over and both contestants are
growing weary. Realizing the praise
due the French, there remains reason for
paying proper tribute to the British
share in the common struggle.
This is war Of attrition beyond all
else, and the French have taken their
turn. The British took over the job after
verdun and have been carrying on fof
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19

the colonies and "side shows" the Brit
ish found themselves with little but
local reserves, in limited numbers, when
the Germans attacked them in March.
Had the Germans struck the French
they would have been made promptly
to- feel the intervention of French re-
serves, because the French, whose forces
have been little engaged in the last year,
have built up large reserve, which the
Germans estimate as between fifty and
sixty divisions. AS it was, when they
struck the British the Germans could
calculate that much time would pass be-
fore the French reserves could arrive,
and could hope that they would complete
their first task, to separate the British
and the French, before the French re-
serves came up. Again, when they
struck in the north, the Germans once
more hit at point far away from
French reserves and were able to make
very great progress before French re-
serves could arrive. 1t was this neces-
sary heartbreaking delay in the coming
of the French reserves which tempted
General Maurice into his fatal query,
"Where is Bliicher?" in. the last mo-
ments of the crisis of the second Ger
man attack
AS it now stands it seems inevitable
that, provided the German perseveres
in his attacks upon the British, we shall
see several times repeated the events of
the Somme and the Lys. Back of their
own front the British have some local
reserves, but they have not an army of
reserve of their own, as have the French.
Thus, when their line is attacked it must
be the mission of the British to hold
back the flood until the French reserves
can intervene. 1t will result that when
the British have fought themselves out
and broken the first fury and the greater
weight of the German blow fresh
French troops will arrive and finish the
job, as they did around KENNEL and
Bailleul recently.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
A Great
Contribution

When Americans realize that almost
a million and half of British have been
killed, wounded and captured-proper
credit for the colonies in this total being
conceded-in little more than twelve
months, the greatness of British contri-
button to the common cause must be ap-
preciated. A British army has recently
been defeated; it has been badly beaten;
the results are serious for all Of US; but
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
A Ministry's
Mistakes

There seems to be general agreement
in Britain that some of the present diff
Guilty was due to lack of energy on the
part of the ministry to grasp the serl-
BUSINESS of the situation last year, when
Russia collapsed, and take steps for in
creasing the number of troops, as they
were compelled to take steps after the
disaster to Coughs army. In the second
place, with many divisions interned in
the various "side shows" and at home, the
British were asked to take over a new
part of the front last winter, and the
ministry consented, against the advice
of the military leaders. BY doing this
the British ministry deprived their army
in France of very considerable portion
of all the general reserves it had in hand
against an evil day. The men who other
wise would have been available when the
attack came were committed to holding
There is another element to be con-
sidered. Up to the end of the active
stage of the Verdun fighting the burden
of the war and the weight of the great
losses were borne by the French. But
since that moment it has been the Brit
ish who have paid the higher COSTS
British casualties last year were above
million, while the French lost in their
one great struggle, which turned out so
badly, Nivelles assault on the Aisne and
the subsequent counter offensive of the
Germans on the Chemin- -des- Danes, in
which the French won, rather less than
10000 and probably not much more
than another 10000 in the other fight
ing Of the year.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
Germany Not Yet
Crippled Has
100 Divisions
For Next
Drive
b. FRANK H. slMONDs
s,thor Of ''The World War" "They
Shall Not Pass"

~. German drive for Amiens which
...t;t,,ted the main offensive and the
..;rc;pal effort of the enemy was pinned
,,v, in the first days of April. 1t had,
!, fact come to virtual pause by the
l,st day Of March. For six weeks, there
,ore there has been something approach
80 dead halt on either side of the
comme and on the banks of the Avre
and the Ancre, despite local operations
rising at moments to the level Of a
,;t,hed battle, but having only local OBJ
jsctiyes.
II is true that in the mean time there
h,s been fought that great battle to the
porth on the banks Of the Lys which
uust rank as one of the most considera-
liz contests of the four years Of fighting
IN the Western front. But it is essential
to recognize that this was merely
side show" logical and inevitable out
growth Of the check at the south, per-
hps detail in the general German plan,
which may have envisaged an attack on
secondary front if the main attack
we're held up. But nothing has yet
occurred in the north to suggest that the
Germans have discarded their original
nlan. which was to advance astride the
Somme and separate the British and
French armies, containing the French
south Of the Somme and throwing the
British back toward and upon the Chan
mel ports
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
The Rheims
Threat Unful6lled

Since Petain expected an attack m his
front and approximately where the Ger
mans were nearest to Paris. he kent his
reserves IN his own hands and in such
position as to be promptly available
Wnen the expected blow about Rheims
1el. Ihls was an admirable programme:
granted that the Germans struck about
Rheims; it was an inevitable precaution
since the Germans continued un to the
last moment to give every indication of
intending to strike about Rheims: but it
left the British in a critical situation
when the blow fell upon them. for tho
French reserve army was many miles
away and could not be brought I'm for
many days.
Actually the gap between the British
and the French was closed by not more
than three French divisions, commanded
by General Fayolle, all through the criti-
cal hours of the last week in March. Apr;.
had come. before the French armv of
reserve could intervene, or, if it did not
intervene, by its presence compel the
Germans to slow down and await the ar
rival of their artillery. before venturing
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
Amiens Within,
Range Of Attack

Beyond all question the German can
strike again with little less than one
hundred divisions, many Of them appear
ing in the campaign for the first time.
Certainly some Of the divisions used in
March have been repaired and sent to
quiet sectors, just as our American troops
have been sent to similar sectors, and the
divisions released have been brought to
Picardy. AS for guns and munitions, the
German has had time to make good his
expenditure Of munitions, replace worn
out guns and is bound to be just as dan
New-York tribune., 1918-05-19
Harmony Of Allies
Essential

And however repugnant it was to cer-
tain British officers, the British ministry
has placed all of the British forces under
the command of French general, who
has wisely chosen to eliminate the oues-
ton of nationality and to use all of hi,
resources as he chooses. Hereafter. II
the British meet the first shock and the
French reserves take over the fight for
the final stage, it will be in conformit.
with the strategy of a French corr.
mander in chief. The salvation Of civil
ization now depends upon the degree Of
harmony which exists between the armies
and the peoples Of Great Britain, France
and the United States, with full appre-
citation Of what Italy is already doing.
Hence only German end will be served
if at this supreme moment voices from
America resurrect jealousies OK indulge
in comparisons between British and
French which certainly form no part Of
the mental attitude Of either in tho
trenches.