davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-18
Briefly Told
Hubbelrs CoTee.-Advs.
Shop at RicEsTs-Advf.

Hubbelrs Cofree.-Advs.
Shop at RtcKers-Advf.
Herbsts for hoa7ery.-Advt.
Have Knight PrtE. Co. print it.-Aa.
Henlricksons shoes for style
Advt.
Call the Yellow Taxi. Phone 511.-
Adv.
Nick Konen taxi. Phone 4s2.-
Advt.
DR.. Basye. Osteopath. Phone 1887.
-Advt.
changed to 7S-W.
Gas ranges connecteI and repaired
by o. F. Miller. the gas man. Second
hand gas ranges for SALE Phone
1856 or 3641-W.-AdVt.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-18
MUST ORGANIZE
High SCHOOLS
FOR DEMOCRACY
Valley City Superintendent
Is Speaker at School
Conference

Grand Forks, N. D., May ia
feature of Thursdays session of the
North Dakota High school conference
was the address by supt. G. w. Han
ma. Valley City, on "The War and
the High School Curriculum"
Our one great problem the
speaker said, "is to bring the war to
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-18
GENTLY direct. authoritative AM
searohIight on German.

Gear FlIISHL vi SSFFuAHs
In discussing the teaching Of Ger
man in high schools, he said:
THE war has focused the search
light upon our language teaching,
particularly German. At first blush,
l thought it mistake to abolish the
subject. However, the question is
largely one of texts, teachers and
sentiment. To study German now
savors somewhat of fraternizing with
the enemy in the trenches. To know
a wrong and not fight 1t, weakens the
moral fibre. For the average stu
dent to read his German texts now is
sure to unnecessarily aggravate him
or blunt his emotions. The texts are
not now suitable. They can't be
purged. They must be remade to
suit us in war times. And the teach
ing side Of German, too, is almost an
impossible task now. The best teach
ing should on the whole be that Of
a. real German teacher. Real Ger
man teachers and those who can cas-
lily wax enthusiastic over German
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-18
ROBBERS STILL AT LARGE.

Grand Forks. N. D., May 1S.-The
robbers who broke into the Cotton
Wilder grocery, and stole $13 from
the cash register, have not as yet
been found. A suspect, who left
Monday for Fargo, has not as yet
been located by the police of that city.
Admittance to the store was obtained
through the basement window, which
was left unlocked.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-18
May 81 Date For
F. c. Track Meet

The annual inter-c class meet for
track and field events will be held at
the Fargo college stadium and will in
clude the students Of the academy, ac-
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-18

At Ray, a meeting was held by a
number of the citizens with tho view
of organizing a home guard. About
35 men were present.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-18
Escapes, Though Wounded.

Although shot through the lung the
daring flyer Unanswered himself out
Of his tight place and was able to
alight within the French lines with
out wrecling his machine. He shut
off the gas before reaching the
ground, set his planes for the slide
down and then sWooned.
Rickenbacher, famous as a racing
automobile driver before the war, can
ceHed a Decoration day race in Gin
cinnati and joined the army to
drive Pershing's car abroad. He
visited all the fronts with the head
OF the American forces and then
went in for aviation. He was COM
missioned recently and the fight he
and Hall had with the albatross over
the Picardy line few days ago was
thriller. The two Americans flew
so low that the rifle shots from the
infantrymen below them struck their
planes.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-18

With the American Army in
France-Major Raoul Lufberry,
American ace Of the air, has had &C.
| casion to welcome two more Ameri-
can flyers to the select class which
is growing daily since the Americans
| got active above the battle front.
He had just had opportunity tC
congratulate Eddie" Rickenbacher
and Norman Hall on their daring
pursuit and destruction of a German
albatross recently. In the credits for
boche planes bagged Fickenbacher,
who is a lieutenant, and Hall, a cap
! tain, are given credit for half a plane
apiece, though Hall, who but recently
Joined his American brothers, had
several planes to his credit as a
member of the Lafayette escadrille
under the tricolor.
Hall was this week reported miss
! ing, and may have been shot down.
Lufberry Leads List.
Lufberry heads the list with
eighteen planes. He was made a
major and given a short home leave
after downing his twelfth plane. The
rest Of the honor roll runs: Major
William Thaw, five; Lieut.. Frank
Baer, five; Sergeant Baylies, five;
SSLPL' S1ltLA ISS LO1NOlSI L"Os OLl6 piGAIlC
apiece is credited to Sergt. Vernon
Booth, Sergt. August Grehore, Second
Lieut.. Henry Grendelass, Sergt
Thomas Hitchcock, Lieut. Friest
Larner, Sergt. David Putnam, Sergt
w. A. Wellman, Lieut. Allan Winslow
and Lieut.. Douglas Campbell.
|. Hall and Rickenbacher are CIRCUS"
aviators of the approved type.
Captain Hall, son Of Mrs. A. w.
Hall, Of Colfax, Ia, was the author Of
'Kitchener's Mob" and the author Of
aviation corps primarily to get ma
terial for his literary work. He was
with the British forces early in the
war and was incapacitated by a
wound. Later he joined the Lafayette
escadrille. While a corporal he was
the talk Of the battlefront last June
when eight German warplanes bottled
him in the air and cut him off from
his fellows.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-18

cording to announcement made at
Fargo college this morning. The
events will be staged on May 81. Gold
silver and branze medals will be
awarded the first, second and third
winners in the meet.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-18

Helen Hurley, the only daughter Of
Mr.. and Mrs Edward Hurley, ceIebrat-
ed her 18th birthday on May by
christening the Truckahoe, s, 500-ton
vessel built in Camden in record
breaking time. Miss Hurley is the
youngest of the four children of the
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-05-18

duction. and on May 1, we had $50
war planes in Europe in addition TO
1000 training planes in France and
1000 training planes in America We
are manufacturing them at the rate
Of 1000 month. The expenditures
also include airplane equipment, Sc
leCted timber, motorS and various
other parts, which when assembled
will make a mighty aerial fleet. be-
lieve if these facts were truthfully
placed in the hands Of the people
they would be aroused by our
achievements instead Of feeling dis
couraged over false statements"
The Belding banner-news. (Belding, Mich.) 1918-1973, 1918-10-09
DON'T DIsAPPoINT THE BOYS


Z. A disappointed boy is one Of the
most tragic things there Is.
vWhen boy wants something. he
wants 1t desperately. with every nerve
ir his brain and body.
And IL he fails to get 1t he is over
whelmed, hardly able to go on living.
THERE is JUST ONE THING
PERSHING'S BOYS WANT.
b You know what that is: To beat
the Germans.
And they know it can't be done with
out all the money the people at home
can spare. FS ~
They know, too, that the hour has
struck for us TO give that money.
They will learn right away whether
the Fourth Liberty Loan is being fully
subscribed or not
They will be sitting there in their
trenches. the dugouts, or the "Y" huts
waiting to find out.
- Can't you imagine the cheers when
they hear the loan has gone over?'
Can you imagine them disappointed 2
ARE WE GOING TO DISAPPOINT
THEM?
The Belding banner-news. (Belding, Mich.) 1918-1973, 1918-10-09

Mrs. Roy Haincs Of Belding, has
been visiting her sister, Mrs. verle
Weekes.
Orlo Weekes. Of GAINESVILLE, spent
a part of lest week with ii. ID. Weekes
and wife.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clare Ford entertain
ed Will Bliss and wife OF Belding,
over Sunday.
Martin Davis was home from Grand
Rapids, over Sunday.
Misses Elsie Salzgiber and Helen
Andrews spent Sunday with Lowell
friends.
Will Engle spent Tuesday in Grand
Rapids.
Mrs. Susan Sayles spent Sunday at
Gordon Frost's.
Mrs. Leon Weekes and baby return
ed home from Lowell, Saturday, after
few weeks visit with her parents,
Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Beckey.
Mrs. James Houlihan spent Satur-
day and Sunday with her husband,
who is working in Grand Rapids.
The Belding banner-news. (Belding, Mich.) 1918-1973, 1918-10-09
LOCAL ITEMS
As0us Our Town and IL. People

. Mr.. and Mrs. C. III. Hall of Green
vile came Saturday afternoon for an
over Sunday visit at the home Of Mr..
and Mrs. G. III. Quick.
Mrs. A. M. Hall went to Greenville
this morning to visit friends for the
day.
Mrs. VIM. Piatt left this morning
for Blanchard, where she will visit
for a time with relatives and friends.
Neil Miller the expert cost ac-
countant at the Belding-Hall Co. Of
fees. returned Tuesday evening from
short visit with his family at Trav-
erse City,
Mrs. Fred Austin of Little Rock,
Ark, returned to her home Saturday
after having been guest at the home
of her parents, Mr. and Mrs Chas.
III. Daley for time.
Alton Chickering, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Roswell Chickering. is seriously
i'll at the base hospital at Camp Gus
ter, suffering from an attack of in
fluenza, according to telegram re-
ceived by the family Tuesday evening.
Mrs. VIM. F. Wilder went to Green
vile Tuesday morning for a days
visit with friends.
Mrs. Matte Moffatt went up. to
Greenville Tuesday morning to spend
the day in that city as the guest of
friends.
Miss Frances Merrill left Tuesday
morning for st. Louis, this state, af-'
ter having been the guest of Miss
Elizabeth Rayncr. one of our popular
teachers in the local high school.
Mr.. and Mrs. j. w. Bolenbaugh and
daughter, Eileen attended the me-
IL II -, L. p-x>s1.
Sunday for their nephew, Corp. Oren
who was killed in action July "a, 1918
somewhere in France.
Mr.. and Mrs Jas. III. Brown of
Charlotte are being entertained this
week at the county home Of Byron
T. Borwn and wife.
Robert Moore returned home the
first of the week as he was called to
Ionia for examination. He left We'd
nesday for Detroit where he will con-
tue his work until called for service.
Walter Emery, who has been at
New Orleans, La, in the coast guard,
has been transferred to place in Vir-
gina, where the government will soon
build a new army camp.
Mr.. and Mrs. +. j. Kinsman and
son, Ralph drove to Stanton, Satur-
day afternoon to see her father. who
had been injured, but found him I'M
proving.
Mrs. Mark Honeywell has been
very i'll at the Greenville hospital, but
will be able to leave there n few
days
The Southwest, Eureka Ladies' Aid
will meet with Mrs. Albert James,
for dinner on Thursday, Oct. 16. We
expect to sew as usual for the Red
Cross.
Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. Kinsman and son
Willard of Inlay City are visiting at
the home of his sister, Mrs. Walter
Emery.
Miss Fairy Mount was the weekend
guest of Mrs. Cora Kohn.
Miss Alice Bunce, who has been
very i'll with pneumonia at Orleans, is
reported as improving. Her mother
is caring for her.
1t doesn't take long for Mi-o-na
stomach tablets to end Indigestion.
First dose relieves. Guaranteed by
Wortley & French.--Advertisement.
The Belding banner-news. (Belding, Mich.) 1918-1973, 1918-10-09

A party Of our prominent manufac-
turers accompanied by Secy. Brown
of the board Of commerce and Mayor
Fales attended a meeting Of manufac-
turers in Grand Rapids Tuesday. This
meeting was held in the association
Of commerce rooms and practically
all Of the territory Of the 10th zone
cf the 9Th district was represented.
Dinner was served at 1890 followed
by an address by Mr.. Van der Pyle
Of the department Of labor of Wash
ington who gave very interesting and
valuable information on the skilled
and unskilled labor situation.
The Belding banner-news. (Belding, Mich.) 1918-1973, 1918-10-09
NOBODY EVER DOES ENOUGH.

This officer was at home with a
shattered arm and several other
wounds. Work of the most arduous
kind had won him seven "brisques," or
wound stripes. He heard that The Of
fensive had been resumed against the
Germans and he put on his kit" to re-
turn to his company.
"But your arm is broken :" said his
father.
mo matter. have perfectly good
plaster cast on IL.
you have done enough, ANYWAY. Let
the rest fight ii OUT
Nobody ever does enough. Good
bylv
That applies to every American who
lis asked to lend to the United States
on fourth Liberty bonds. Buy more
The Belding banner-news. (Belding, Mich.) 1918-1973, 1918-10-09
To Address sunday School

Charles III. Bliss, son Of Rev. and
Mrs. w. A. Bliss, who is here from
his home at Lookout, Sask., will adj
dress the members of the Baptist
Sunday chool at the Sunday meeting
on his talks and visits with soldiers
who have returned from the front.
Mr.. Bliss, living in Canada, has met
many interesting characters who have
been over through the German hell
and has talked with them of condi-
tons over there and his talk will un-
doubtedly be very interesting.
The Belding banner-news. (Belding, Mich.) 1918-1973, 1918-10-09
WHAT YOUR LIBERTY BOND BUYS

What is to be done with all the
money that Is being asked for on the
Fighting Fourth Liberty Loan? Pay
for battleships. submarines. and a
thousand other things to be used by
our boys on the land. on the sea, In
the air and under the sea. To COM
plete single battleship now under
construction requires $23,075. 900, and
a battle cruiser takes $24,QOOOO0. A
scout cruiser takes $7,220,000, and a
destroyer s1,5o0,O00. A coast subma-
rine costs $S5O.000 and a seagoIng sub
marine $1.43O.000. r
For artillery, automatic rifles, and
small arms, and for ammunition for
them, we have spent $3.700. 900, 900.
Every Liberty Loan subscriber helps
TO arm our soldiers.
More than 10000, 900 has been spent
just for simple supplies for our army.
such as -four, bacon. rice. etc. Every
subscriber to the Liberty Loan helps
feed our soldiers.
NJ f4G1F t
The Belding banner-news. (Belding, Mich.) 1918-1973, 1918-10-09
cHATEAy JHlERRY BOY TALKS
Put the Liberty Loan Over From the
Jump, Says Wounded Hero.
BY PRIVATE slGuRD ARNvIo.
A Chateau Thierry Hero.

IArnvig gave leg at Chateau
Thierry. He had been In the United
States only eighteen months when he
volunteered on the outbreak of the
war. He is now helping put the loan
over In Chicago, on crutches.1
At the Chateau Thierry fight the
Yanks were given a position TO hold.
The French officers In consultation
said we were a unit In the strategy
we needn't hold absolutely-we might
yield temporarily, go back little, re-
trest here and there.
Well. we couldn't seethe use of not
holding a position we were to hold.
We didn't want TO go back when we
were supposed to go forward. The
Stars and Stripes look best ut the head
of the parade, anyway. And so the
others had to do the falling back. We
went right ahead-strategy or no STRAIT
egy-and we took the objective. We
gave all we had; we put 100 per cent
of our best into it. We stopped the
Germans right away-all at once.
Now / have an idea that the way to
put over Fourth Liberty Loan drives
is just that. If we have six billion
dollar loan to put over in a few days
there is just one thing to do: Put IL
over from the jump. What's the good
of strategic stalling and postponing?
Let's go to the objective without stop
ping for breath. Do 1t as we won out
at Chateau Thierry. Hit hard, keep
going. and never slow up until the OBJ
Elective is attained.
The Belding banner-news. (Belding, Mich.) 1918-1973, 1918-10-09
School Notes

The Sophomores are planning on
the Freshmen Friday,
October H.
Those visiting school last week were
lrma Lewis, Melvina Gardner, Ed
ward johnson and Howard Insley.
The first football game Of the sea-
son with Greenville proved 70 be a
grand success for Belding. The
score was 26-0.
Mr.. Deming LETT Thursday for Ann
Arbor where he took an examination
for government chemist.
The class in Community Civics is
making careful study through OBJ
servation of some of the public and
private utilities of the city, Writ
ten reports are required by Miss For
TUNE, the teacher. From these some
have been selected for publication
with the School Notes, the first of
which is as follows. The rest will
appear from time to time.
THE CITY PAVEMENT
BY Bernice Dubert
The main object in road improve
ment Is to promote health, beauty
and convenience. 1t is much more
healthy to- have sewer carry all the
excess water than to let it stand
where disease germs will breed in it.
Also, 1T is more pleasant to cross a
paved street where it is dry than a
street dotted with mud puddles. A
good improved road adds beauty to
the city or town in which it is. If
there are good roads leading to one
town and bad roads going to another.
the farmers will take their farm pro-
duce to the town which has the best
roads. Belding has become a more
prosperous town since it had its pave
ment put in. three years ago. The
property in and around Belding has
gone up in value.
Belongs pavement is brick pave
ment which cost about two dollars
and ten cents per square rod. If the
same pavement was put in today it
would cost about two dollars and
seventy-five cents. The city of Bel
ding was bonded fifty-fifty for money
toward putting in the pavement. The
city paid ktMenty-six thousand
and the people paid twenty-six thou
sand.
The first work Belding did towards
the work on the pavement was to
have an engineer survey the streets.
On each side of the street at intervals
OF fifty feet stake was placed
twenty-five feet from the center Of
the street. A map was drawn which
showed where the original line of the
street was and where the improved
one was to be. This map was given
TO the road commissioner who had
The Belding banner-news. (Belding, Mich.) 1918-1973, 1918-10-09
OTISCO ITEMS

Mr.. and Mrs. F. w. Belding visited
Sunday with her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. C. M. Hubbard.
Mr.. and Mrs. B. J.Storey visited
from Saturday until Monday with his
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. B. Storey, at
McBrides.
Mrs. Archie Swears and two child
rem spent Sunday with her parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Werner.
Mrs. Herbert Ross was a Sunday
afternoon caller at E. ]. Reeves.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lewis Cartridge and
son, Dale, spent Sunday with his par
ents. Mr. and Mrs.John Cartridge, of
Eureka.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Sykes, of
Easton, and her mother, were Sunday
afternoon callers at j. L. Morse and
wife.
Born-To Mr.. and Mrs. Leslie
Sykes, on Saturday, October 5, at the
home of her parents, Mr.. and Mrs j.
l.. Morse, a son. He will answer to
the name of Morse Leslie Sykes.
Mrs. Phoebe Davidson, of Vergen-
mes, returned home Friday afternoon,
after weeks visit at the home of her
sister, Mrs. w. L. Fishes. and also
her niece, Mrs. Lawrence Gephart.
Mrs. Emily Morse is visiting in
Ionia, with her daughter, Mrs. A. r.
Locke.
Mr.. and Mrs. AL Hotchkiss, Of Cry
stall, visited Monday night with Mr..
and Mrs. c. M. Hubbard.
The Belding banner-news. (Belding, Mich.) 1918-1973, 1918-10-09
WILL HOLD SERVICE AT THE
CONGREG ATIONAL CHURCH

V t;enai church p Sunday. the the pulpit sup
ply committee having arranged with
wi preacn Dot to morning na ana eysn
here two weeks ago and the commit
tee at their meeting decided to give
people another opportunity to hear
him at another service before taking
up the matter Of extending call to
the passionate.
Mrs. Vanderbilt will accompany him
and be a guest of friends here over
Sunday. A good attendance is lock-
ed for at both services.
The Belding banner-news. (Belding, Mich.) 1918-1973, 1918-10-09
Orleans School Notes.

Editor n-chief-Grace Anderson.
Assistant Editors-Mildred Flana-
gan, Edward Kelley.
Nearly everyone in the primary
room has been having cold during
this week
The pupils have been learning
Little Orfan't ANNIE" by Riley
Some very good looking produce
maps" Of South America. have been
made by Lyle Clark, Ruthel Kelley
and Deane Olmstead, the fifth grad
ers.
Dist. Supt. Phelps and Rev. Bird
sail attended chapel Wednesday
morning. Mr.. Phelps gave an inter
esting talk on Habits"
Teacher Tin civics class)-"What
is the county seat?"
Bright Boy Nennie B.)-"The
courthouse"
The Junior high school "kids' en-
joyed vicente roast in Hoyt's woods
last Friday night.
We started from the school house
at O'Clock with basket of apples,
a box of buns, bag of weenies and a
box Of pickles. We built a fire and
then roasted the weenies on sticks.
YUM Yuml They were great. We
played games until o'clock and then
started for home. Everyone says,
Lets have vicente roast every Fri
day night"
Miss Pike and Miss Lapham have
organized Camp Fire among the
girls and the club promises to be full
Of pep"
Mildred Flanagan stood 100 in M.
and M. history and algebra tests.
Ruth Piper stood 100 in Algebra and
Latin.
The Belding banner-news. (Belding, Mich.) 1918-1973, 1918-10-09
FIGURES SHOW WHAT
YOUR DOLLARS WILL DO
What Liberty Bond Will Buy for My
Boy "over There"


Suppose you have son with the
American expedtionary forces. and
suppose you are a steady buyer of Lib
erty Loan bonds. Did you ever ask
yourself what Your boy gets out of
II. when you lay down a new 500 bill
and say: II want another hundred
dollar Liberty Bond?" Here are some
facts and figures officially made up by
the war department:
Your one hundred dollar Liberty
Bond VIII buy your boy one outfit Of
clothing and sleeping gear. amounting
to S91.63. The change is $S.37 and
that Is just enough to give him his
leafs" for 1914 days.
This war is now In Its fifth year
has been running on about 1900 days.
The nineteen and half days board
left for the boy out Of your hundred
dollar Liberty Bond wouldn't amount
20 much II the fighting should go on
a few years morei That SOLOS outfit
would be pretty well used up at the
end of a few months Of campaign
ing.
Your hundred dollar war bond shows
the best possible disposition on your
part, but unless you buy more than
one, somebody else has to put up
money to keep your boys hungry stom-
ach lined with bacon and fighting
food.
That illustrates I'm a simple way the
urgent necessity for liberality in buy
ing Fourth Liberty Bonds. What
you gave the government on the
first. second and third loans has been
used up long ago. Your boy is "over
there" risking his life and all that
he has every minute of the day. Sure
ly II is up to YOU to do absolutely
all you can to keep that boy fed and
clothed and cared for.
But one point was overlooked In fig
uring the proceeds of the hundred dol
lar war bond. 1t bought the boy an
outfit of clothes and 10 days board,
but ii didn't buy him a gun nor a
trench knife-not even revolver, or
a hand grenade. Worse than all that.
the hundred dollars didn't cover knife.
fork or spoon; nor did 1t give the boy
a pick and shovel for ointrenching
when the Boche fire gets too hot.
Somebody else had to buy another
bond to supply those things and give
your boy the ammunitionIhe needs for
offense and defense.Gc ff-ag =
Look at q few more figures: Dt
When your boy goes over the top
there must be a nice barrage laid
down to protect him. Each 75-milli-
meter shell that r. fired costs $13.
Each 6-inch she'll costs $50. The IL
inch high explosive shell loaded costs
about SOTO. The 16-inch shell loaded
with INT costs about $1,000, and
the smokeless powder, to fire 1t costs
1926 more. The gun. 1t Is fired
from sets the government back $175,-
900. That is not all; the wear and
tear on big caliber guns Is terrible, so
that the life of the tube Is very brief.
All these things point clearly to the
mistake people make when they say !:
ooh, have bought several war bonds.
think / have done my share" va
That is miles from the truth. You
have not done your share as long as
there is a dollar OF your capital or in
come that you don't absolutely have to
have to keep life in your body. All
tie rest ought to be spent for Fourth
Liberty Bonds.
The Belding banner-news. (Belding, Mich.) 1918-1973, 1918-10-09

The surgical dressing quota for Oc-
tober has been received We are ask
ed for 1,500 sponges and 100 belts.
The class will please meet in the
Red Cross room Friday evening, Oct.
IL at o'clock, also Tuesday and
Thursday of next week.
Our boys over there are doing their
best-not their bit-they are giving.
their lives-what are you giving?
Fight or give.
Buy bonds and work. too.