davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chattanooga news. [volume] (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1891-1939, 1918-09-30
French Commander Signed.
(By Agence Radio to the /. n. S.


battle 'front.' was officially announced today by the French
ugarians Representatives of the Bulgarian government
Bulgarian signed behalf of Bulgaria. Gen. DEpcrcy
French of the allied Macedonia signed
tor the allies Bulgaria accepted all the terms demanded by the
(Th chief that all invaded territory be
Bulgaria is the first break away German al
lance By the collapse of this country the opened to
urmcc was that do nothing to interfere with further al
lied military operations in the Balkans.
strike at the heart of Austria, well Constantnope
is believed that the armsee will be followed by treaty Of
day empowered discuss probable peace
mandc bulgarian army NJ Lapchea the Bulgarian
minister of and NJ RadeH former member of the Buga
rian cabinet
Apparently MalnoH who initiated the move for an
armstice last week. was not present.
Herting and Won Hintze Resign.
Amsterdam, Sept 3O.-Chanceor Won Hertlng and Foreign
Secretary Won Hntze have rendered their designations the
peror the Vossche Zeitung of Bern understands
Presented to Lansing.
Washington Sept confirmation Bulgaria
accepted all of the conditions of the allies and that the akedo
amsice actually has been signed reached here o'clock
understood that the dispatch stated that Bulgaria has acceeded
to every single condition made preliminary peace
The Bulgarian minister also presented to Secretary Lansing
communication from the Bulgarian requesting that the
United States its good Offices in aiding Bulgaria to
amsicc namuc however as the amsice already had been
signed there nothing that Secretary Lansing could do
may the communication In explaining this Secretary Lam
sing told the minister that he that the dispatches
of the signing authentic .tn
IT, S. Consul Ordered Home. .
Washington Sept ao-Dominck Murphy, American consul
general in Sofia who accompanied the Bulgarian plenpotenr
saonk where they arranged the has been ordered
back his post by the state department No criticism of Mr. Muir
ply made here but it made plain that he had instructions
participate in the negotiations and probably acted only OBJ
Turkey May Offer Peace.
London 3oStrong belief this
/ peace offer from Turkey is imminent.
Hostlites Ended. ~
London, 3OSpeaking the Guild hall today Andrew
3onar Law chancellor of the excheque said Bulgarian
ention had been signed by which hosttes ended today
Bulgaria by the fixed gives completely the control of the
always the chancellor said.
Surrendered Internationally.
London Sept 3OThe Serbian legation this city has been
caly advised that Bulgaria has surrendered Internationally
he allies.
Future of Balkans.
London Sept 3O.(2:45 pm )Bugaria's decision to accept
allies terms for armitcc announced by the Bulgarian
eegates arriving Saonk yesterday said dispatch from Sa
onk this afternoon.
The allies have not laid down terms regarding the future
f the Balkans.
The Chattanooga news. [volume] (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1891-1939, 1918-09-30
KING HAS INFLUENZA

One Hundred Thousand Victims Suuer
With Dread Diseass.
Madrid. Sept. 30.--More than 100000
persons, including King .Nfonso. are
suffering from infiue-- ~
The Chattanooga news. [volume] (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1891-1939, 1918-09-30
DETAILED TO NEW DUTY
Lieut.. Donald L. Hurlbut Goes From
Knoxville to Perdue univsrsity.

Washington, Sept. so.-tSpecial.) -
Lieut.. Donald l.. Hurlbut, Of Chatta-
nooga, who has been one Of the In
structors with the army training de-
tachment at the University of Tennes- 4
see at Knoxville, has been ordered to
Purdue university, Indiana, for similar
duty Na
The Chattanooga news. [volume] (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1891-1939, 1918-09-30
UNBINDNIG DISCUSSION
Proposition introduced In Austrian Par
Lament.

Amsterdam Sept. 30.-A proposition
that the presidents and vice. pre- sdents OF
the parliaments OF belligerent and neu-
tral states shall be invited TO meet for an
unbinding discussion of the basis OF peace
has been introduced In the lower house OF
the Austrian parliament The motion
says Vienna message, was introduced
by Herr Neumann. a liberal deputy. II
would empower the president OF the
chamber OF deputies to convey the invita-
tian to the parliaments OF the helligerents
and OF neutral states. The meeting would
be held at u place agreed upon.
The Chattanooga news. [volume] (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1891-1939, 1918-09-30
ARMISTICE CONCLUDED
ON ALLIES OWN TERMS
Official Announcement of Bulgarias Breaking
Away From German Alliance-Give Up All
Invaded Territory-Collapse Opens Way
to Fall of Turkey and Blow at the
Heart of Austria.

Paris Sept ao-(A. PAN been concluded
between the allies and Bulgaria the allies
nouncement was made officially today
The Chattanooga news. [volume] (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1891-1939, 1918-09-30

Paris, Sept 30.--Serbian cavalry has
reached the Bulgarian frontier, It was
officially announced today In a state
ment on Balkan operations. More than
800 guns have been taken from the
Bulgars.
The Chattanooga news. [volume] (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1891-1939, 1918-09-30

Fair with slight change in temperature
tonight and Tuesday.
The Chattanooga news. [volume] (Chattanooga, Tenn.) 1891-1939, 1918-09-30
BRITISH ENTER
EDGE CAMBRIA
Northern Suburbs Occupied.
Americans and Australians
Overcome Opposition.
1000 GERMANS CAPTURED
French Resume Drive in Cham
pagne-Enemy Counter
Attacks Broken Up.

London, Sept. 30.--FisId Marshal
Hais's forces today smashed the
Hindsnburs line on a front Of
eight miles to a maximum depth OF
two miles. The British attack was
made i.st north Of s.; Quentin.
attacking in Flanders have ad:
vancsd Tor an average depth Of
five miles and a maximum depth
Of eight miles. Roulsrs 10 In peril
and the whole Of the snemy's com.
munications in Belgium and Flan.
dsrs, particularly on the Belgian
coast, 10 threatened.
Omaha daily bee., 1918-05-11
BUILDING PERMITS.

Hugh McCaffrey. 1919 North Sixteenth
street. brick warehouse. $500: Abraham
Haddard, 1861 South Thirteenth street.
addition. tz.B00; c. L. Saunders, 1tos-10-12
Douglas street. freproof theater, $4,000
Joseph A. Rourke, 3701.3 South Twenty.
fourth street. garage. $500; George Gard
ner, 25e3 Fowler avenue. repairs. $500; Re
Nelson, 4213 Marcy street. frame dwelling.
$4,000: Norris q Norris, sb3s and s5b6 North
Twsnty-fourth street, frame dwellings,
$500 each: w b. Wiimott 6oo4 Florence
boulevard. frame dwelling. $4,000; VI B
Mather, 1870 Grand avenue, frame DWELL
Ing. $4,000; Sigma Forslund, 14o4 Deer Park
boulevard, frame dwelling. $4,000; Oscar L.
Peterson. All Farnam street, frame dwell
ing, $500: q. q. Bolt, 2024 North Sixty
fourth street, frame dwelling. 1890.
Omaha daily bee., 1918-05-11
BIRTHS AND DEATHS

BIrths-Bert and Grace Saroleck. 643f
neufh wenty-fourth street, boy; Alois and
Rosie Safronek, $500 South Twenty ninth
Streek. boy; John and Mary Skripsky. 5734
routh Twenty first street; Frank and Anna
E0oat. 1sose Harris street, boy; John B. and
Elmer Gligewski, 250G South Twenty-fifth
t{reet, boy: irving and Mussla Silverman.
~ south Twenty-first street. girl; Ralph
B and Margaret Newcomer. t203 Grand
avenue, boy; Hugh and Helen Daugherty,
0g3i North Twenty ninth street. girl; R. r.
and Donaidine Mitchell, Omaha, boy; W. d.
Rpd Grace Reilly. 1902 Emmett street, boy;
Nets r. and Marie Christianson. Seventy
Second and Center street. boy; Walter and
Aiies Joy. so12 Pinkney street. girl: James
". and Katherine Knowles. 1915 Georgia
avenue. girl.
Deaths-Ida jacobson. 81. hospital;
Catherine Isksswicz. n. 1909 Deer Park
Omaha daily bee., 1918-05-11

WANTED-Young Ladies to
learn telephone operating.
Good wages paid while
learning, rapid advance
ment, permanent positions.
Apply to c. F. LAMBERT,
1907 Douglas ST >l
Omaha daily bee., 1918-05-11
MARRIAGE LICENSES
as following couples obtained licenses

- NED:
4 Name and Address. Age.
Daft Reynolds, Omaha .............. 81
xAthsrine Riddle. Omaha .............. Is
Jul1ah II. Curtis. Omaha .............. 81
Morn, =. Hamilton, Omaha ............. -
5oitn n. Hardesty, Camp Dodge Ia...... 10
Gertrude Thornton. Vancouver. Wash :. -
Arthur r. Draper. Omaha ............ rs
Hcps =. Kissell. Omaha .............. "a
Edward q Martin. Niobrara, Neb........ 2s
xxnnces Rock. Niobrara. Neb. z6
John b. Nismeyer. Omaha ............ -
Minnie Benbow. Omaha ................ 80
Naitef<G. Huntington, St. Louis. oki.... IS
Martha Malcolm, Sioux City, Ia.......... IS
Omaha daily bee., 1918-05-11

NJ e. Smith & Co. are in need of 50
skilled operators on mems dress shirts,
cveralls, Nina Taylor dresses and aprons.
Good workers can command excellent
wages. Eight hour day. Permanent
employment Apply employment de-
partment, NJ E. Smith & Co., 9Th and
Douglas st. entrance.
Omaha daily bee., 1918-05-11
SPECIAL NOTICES

6fECIAL meeting OF the Omaha Central
X Labor union At Labor temple Sunday aft
ernoeu. ; o'clock. r. r. Reynolds, Ryesi-
11ots = = vs1gnerG seesstszH
Omaha daily bee., 1918-05-11

WANTED-Glrl to do Kodak finishing, KAN
Studio, 213 Neville Blk.
WAETED-Girl meat wrappers App5X
Washingtsa xaEkst 1lei DousiaA
Omaha daily bee., 1918-05-11

WANTED AT ONCE.
An Experienced Bond and Investment
Security Salesman.
Applicant should be acquainted with
Middle West, although in the case of
high-grade salesman, this will not be ab-
solutely essential.
Only applications considered will be
those which name first-class references
and show that record Of past accomplish
ments justifies q personal interview.
This Is an excellent opportunity for
high-class man to form permanent con-
nection with long established invest
ment house Of high standing.
BOX 71ss. OMAHA BEE.
Omaha daily bee., 1918-05-11

STOCK SALESA1EN WANTED. OIL
PROPOSITION SELLING UNDER Me-
BRASKA LAWS APPLY F. o. SCHROE-
DER. FONTENELLE HOTEL.
TRAVELLING salesman. staple line. 800.
WESTERN REFERENCE 3 BOND ASSN.
Omaha daily bee., 1918-05-11
FOR SALE-Miscellaneou

Miscellaneous.
OMAHA PILLOW co. - Feathers steamed.
renovated and made up in new feather
proof ticking. 1907 Cunning Doug. 2467.
BUFF oRPINGToN eggs. 81 Is; thorough
bred. Red $500.
Omaha daily bee., 1918-05-11
BUSINESS CHANCES
LARGE ELEVATOR FOR SALE.

Located at one of the best grain points In
Nebraska, $4,000 bushels capacity. For
further information address P. o. Box
S6S novchasfar Neh
Omaha daily bee., 1918-05-11
WANTED REAL SALESMAN

One only. II you have real ability call
en- Guy p. Wallace at Paxton hotel, who
can show $500 per month and expenses for
your time selling a staple article on .
guaranteed basis.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-15
POLITICAL LIBERTY,
CZECHS' DEMAND
Details Of Meeting of Rep
rcscntativcs Ordered Sup
pressed by Austria
Washington. March 10.

Washington. March 10
\ public declaration has been made
10y representatives Of the czech nation,
asserting their right to political in
dependence from Austria. All report s
Of the proceedings of the Czech rep
rcScutativcs were ordered suppressed by
the Austrian ccnsors, but details have
reached the Czccho- -Slovak national
council here ana were made public.
The constituent assembly Of the lands
Of the Bohemian crown met in Prague
January e with moro than go czech
deputies of the Austrian rcichSrat, and
the national diets of Bohemia, Moravia
and Silesia. elected by the free choice
Of the people of the Czech lands. in at
tendance. constituting legal represen-
tatlon OF the whole nation
The declaration. adopted by unani-
nous vote, Is looked upon as proof of the
sentiment of the whole Czccho- SlovalS
nation and Of their attitude toward the
Government and tho ruling classes OF
Austria. II cites the doclaratio Of the
Czechs at tho time Of the Franco Prus-
sian war wien they said; IAN nationaIi-
tics, bc they great or small. have tho
saulC right TO government, and in
the same manner they must be con-
sidcrcd equal
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-15
ATLANTIC CITY IN WAR
ON HIGHER GAS RATES
Commissioners Demand Com
pany Economic to Meet
Increased Cost
Atlantic city, March IS.

' ''' ''N'' '''
City Commissioners have declared war
10 the knife against any advance In the
price of gas at the shore on account
of the war.
"Cqt out all unnecessary expenditures
and make tho best Of it. as individuals
and business men are GojHE," is the
resorts reply to a petition flied with the
state Board Of Public Utility Commis-
sloners la7t week by Clarence NJ. Geist,
OF Philadelphia. president, and other Of
ncials of the Atlantic city Gas Com-
pany, which Is controlled by Della
ware holding corporation with $4,000
600 capital
The Atlantic city company asks the
state board for an order inCrca sing tho
price of gas from s to Sl.3O per 1000
cubic feet, regardless OF Il franchise
granted to the Consumers Gas Company,
the old kuehnle company. whose plant
1t absorbed in the Gcist merger five
years ago.
The city will contend at n hearing
on the petition next Tuesday in Trenton
that the Gcist company cannot charge
more than ninety cents for gas at any
time so long as the city objects without
invalidatng it's franchise rights.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-15
DAYLIGHT AND HOUSING
BILLS ACTION EXPECTED
House Committee Speeds Work on
+ Measures by Reporting Favor
ably on Special Rules

Washington. March 15.-Action next
week is assured on the daylight-saving
bill and the s5O.OO0,OOO Labor Depart
ment housing bill through the action Of
I the House Rules Committee in report
ling favorably two special rules for their
Immediate consideration.
There has been "A determined effort by
smembers of the House to bring both Of
these measures up for action, and as the
feituation now stands there Is only one
special rule, that on the postal en-
ployes' salary bill, in ahead of them.
Supporters OF the daylight-saving bill
aare extremely anxious to obtain passage
Of the measure Immediately. as it is
,iTorde8 as to take effect on April l. Men,
bers of the Pennsylvania delegation have
been besieged with letters and kilograms
urging them to support and advance the
measure The charge was made in some
communications that the big electric and
gas companies are waging an active
campaign against the bill.
n Rapid action on the housing bill is
wanted by the Department of Labor, so
rfhat the congestion may be relieved
about the big munition centers and
llother Government industries. Little
actual opposition is expected on either
proposition on the floor Of the House.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-15
PARIS KEEPS UP DANCE
AS AIR BOMBS FALL
Acrobats in Music Hall Con.
tinuc Performance as
Guns Roar

London, March IA Paris corrc-
spondcnt, telling Of the air raid there,
says:
- number Of wcll-kuown buildings
we're struck, but, although the raid was
one Of tho most succcssfui known hith-
crto, it. has not in any way upset the
French morale. 4 bomb was dropped
close To- music hall, but the audience
remained and the acrobats went on UNI
pcrturbcd with their delicate perform
aucc. At another point dance for
British soldiers was going on when a
bomb fell, causing slight damage. Tht
a second and then the dancing went on
without any interruption whatever
"In spite of the number Of attacking
airplancs and the quantity Of bombs
dropped the raid was by no means as
noisy as those OF London Tho French
barragc tirc docs not seem 80 Intense
as that which surrounds London, al
though in tho last raid it was clear
that n number Of now batteries had. .hccn
brought into action.
~ special committee has been formed
70 deal with questions arising from the
raids and to devise means of civilian
protection, and has produced remarks
able results already. The most famous
works of art have been covered with
concrete sandbags, but there still is
much to be done Three thousand air.
shelters have been provided, but al
things are at present it is only in the
daytime that they are apparent Gas
lamp indications, so familiar to London
crs, have not yet been adopted"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-15
Halls KAISER AS BEST
PEACE 'TALKER' ALIVE
Lloy d George Replies to
Friends of League of Ma
tions Propaganda

+ London. March 15.---Crticism because
the Cabinet ministers had not given suf-
| flcicnt prominence to the idea OF II
/ league of nations has been admitted
| by Lloyd George. The Bolshevki had
taught one lesson. he said, that was that
a real league OF nations did not como by
talking about it. The critics had for
/ gotten something which was essential
that once war was begun you had to
! fight for it. They must not be mslcd
| by installing phrases for facts. lie
could invent phrases about peace which
even Prusslan war lord would hail
with satisfaction
/ Nobody had been so cloqucut on the
subject OF n league of nations. said the
premier, as, the German Emperor His
reply to the Pope brcathcd the spirit Of
brotherly love, but in it there was no
word about Belgium. on the subject Of
a league ot nations the German Emperor
was absolutely sound he was prepared
TO put Germany at tho head OF II, All
! these protestations on the part Of the
! Emperor brcathed the spirit OF dOmina-
ton; the dagger was wrapped up in the
Sermon on the Mount.
y lodguc OIL nations CouIt only DC pos
siblo when the Entente armies had won /;
only then could "a league Of nations he
come an established fact aud the sword
be converted into "A plowsharc.
! Coming down to Internal affairs, the
, Premier said there was no hunger,
1 there was no privation. but tho people
were being deprived Of a good deal they
4 had been taught to regard as. the cs-
sentials of comfortable existence.
/ There was no lack Of abundant food to
sustain the strength of the people and no
prospect of such deficiency, but there
was tendency TO grumblc at rcstric-
tions.
! "Thc people face big things" con-
tiuued the Premier but get worried
over small ones, There has been only
ono successful controller in the history
of the world--thc One who made five
, loavcs and two small fish feed multi
tudc. tell you what rationng means
/ II mcanf that a nation in the furnace of
war IS becoming more of broths~
hood"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-15
U. s. is .EXTRAVAGANT,
PENROSE'S OPINION
Points Out Creel Bureau as
Striking Example of
Extravaganza
Washington. March Is.

Washington. March 15
Senator Penrose addressed the Senate
briefly on extravaganza in the Gov
ernment. lie particularized upon the
Committee of Public Information, of
which George Crcel Is chairman, and
declared he was told that this commit
tee is expending $4,000 a day. paying
the salaries of many unnecessary en-
ployes
The Senator some time ago introduced
a resolution calling for an investigation
of the Creel committee. but no action
has been taken. when Inc proposed
again that he call 1t up his effort was
again nulliiied by the objection of Sena-
tor Hoke Smith, Of Georgia
senator Penrosc deplored the fact
that economy and efficiency seemed 10
be trifling considerations in the Admin
tstration. He said salaries of unncCes-
sary employees have been placed on tho
payrolls Of the Government and IT was
imperative that Congress should inquire
into the rccklessness with which the
peoples money was being scattered
among useless Government clerks. The
Crcel committee he described as IAN
inefficient bureau, kind Of court
chronicle to exploit the virtues OF the
chief executive and his subOrdiuates."
There are too many employees in all
departments" continued the Senator
I'VE have only TO go through some of
the departments and bureaus that have
sprung up like mushrooms in temporary
buildings to see employees tumbing over
each other and hardly knowing what
they are called upon TO do. I know of
one dcpartment-I shall not mention il
now, but ! intend TO refer to il later
on--where from two to three thousand
persons are employed whore I believe
from two to throo hundred would con-
duct its business effectively The Situa-
tion undoubtedly requires investigation.
81 think II would be very interesting
TO have the salaries and duties of the
employees of this Crecl bureau mado pub
lic Its expenditures are out of all rea-
son. No accounting Of these cXpondi-
lures has been made, so far as ! can
learn. ] am told that II Is cNpcnding
more than $4,000 day. The corresponds
"nt3 of daily newspapers who ought to bc
compensated by their own papers are
carried on the Creel bureau. Why
should a legitimate and reasonable iu-
quiry be blocked The resolution ! have
offered has not been permitted TO come
to the Senate for consideration"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-15
SHIPS HULL UTILIZED
FOR Y. NJ. G.. A. RALLY
Emergency Fleet Corporation Off
cials Address Bristol Workers in
Novel Auditorium

Members of the Emergency Fleet Cor
poration are holding Il meeting today
in tho hull of a ship which is under
construction at TIE Merchants Ship.
building Corporation plant at Bristol in
an effort to interest the ship WOrkmcu in
Y. NJ. g. a. work. \ similar meeting
to bring the men closer together I'm a
social and religious way, will be held
at the Chester Shipbuilding Company
plant tonight
DIR. Charles 4. Eaton. oC New York.
chairman of the national service section
of the United States Emergency Fleet
Corporation "A. i, Parkhurst, secretary
Of the service section, and Edgar =
McKaig. Philadelphia representative.
were present.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-15
G. o. p. EXECUTIVE BOARD
SELECTION Is DEFERRED
Hays Decides on Delays Pending
Conferences With All National
Leaders

Washington, March 15.-Orgauization
of the permanent executive committee
OF the Republican National Committee
will be deferred until further confer
snces have been held with party leaders,
Will H. Hays chairman Of the commit
tee, has announced
Mr.. Hays through conferences here
will seek to develop the policies of his
orCaniza. Jon ana "a number of questions,
including Il publicity committee, are to
be sett.ed i'm a short time.
Mr.. Hays conferred at tho Capitol
with Senators Pcnrusc, Gailingnr. Cur
ts, Warren, pOindeXtcr. McNary and
johnson.
Senator Penyosc and other National
Committeeman. including those from the
District of Columbia, Virginia. West
Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina,
will confer with the chairman tomorrow.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-15
HONOR ARMY NURSES
ZOO, Soon Going to France, Hear
Talk in st. Paups Chapel

~ New York, March 15.-Service flags
<ef the San Francisco and Spokane units
were dedicated by two hundred army
nurses mostly from the West. soon to
leave for France in st, Paul's Chapel.
The Rev. Dr. William Montague Geer.
Sin an address, urged the bestowal by
/ the United States Government, upon the
army nurses of military rank similar
( 70 that now in vogue In the English
and Canadian armies. doctor Geer told
the young women they were not going to
4 the, firing line. but very near 1t, and
ffroduentiy would be In situations of
DeejL They would b. eyes to the blind
I. &asids and feet 20 the cripples and
aGooth many a last pillow.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-03-15
LUCKY 13, OFF TO WAR,
HONORED BY p. II. r. MEN
Passenger Traffic Auditors Office
Unfurls Flag for Comrades
With the Colors

4 service flag in honor of thirteen
employees absent in the army and navy
was unfurled today in the office Cf the
auditor of passenger traffic OF the Penn
sylVania Railroad.
Addresses were made by j. l.. Litzen-
berg, who presided. and George II. Hun
gerford. Words were sung TO the air,
my Country, 'Tis of Thee" as follows:
,iod save our noble men,
Send them safe home again;
God save our men!
Make them victorious,
Valiant and glorious,
As they go forth for u.s.
God save our men!
The employees who enlisted are +. w.
Horton. T.. Colder, w. &. Fairbank, w.
w. How. g. w. Gaiser, Jr., II. a. Lones,
Y BALDWIN. Jr. a J. Miller. Charles
C. Muller. \. II. Lockhart, William Hug
gins G. G. Wilson and Il. Il. Lcippe.