davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25
F Few Men Hove Done
Miraculous Work

The strength of the Czecno- Slo
vaks has been estimated at from So,
600 to 100000, Probably there have
been less than $4,000 of them under
arms. But they have done a work
which looks miraculous. Having
cleared the Siberian line from Lake
Baikal to the Urals, they have re-
Gently marched west into Russia
proper and established themselves
on the line of the Volga River. Lc-
nine and Trotzky have sent armies
against them But they have held
their own everywhere through their
discipline, high intelligence as sol
diers and extraordinary courage.
Every Czecho- -Slovak is an ardent
patriot. He is fighting for the liber-
alton Of his race-for the realization
Of a dream which his people have
cherished for centuries.
The Czecho-Slovak army has main
taincd itself in Siberia and Russia,
because it has never ciashcd with
the bulk Of the population. 1t does
not opprcss the people. 1t respects
the local goVcrnmcnts and wars nnlu
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25
7 euton Prisoners
Mostly Far East

Military policy l-quires all the
Allied powers to protect the Czecho-
Slovaks from enemy forces and to
prevent the escape from Siberia of
eX-prisoners who would JOIN the enc
my's ranks. Fortunately, the bulk
cf the Austrian, Hungarian and
German ex-prisoners are in Eastern
Siberia, where they have assimilated
with themselves the remaining Red
Guards and the worst convict ele-
ments. These forces can be isolated
by movement through Manchuria
to Chlta, east Of Lake Baikal, where
the unfinished Amur River branch
of the Siberian railroad joins the
eastern Chinese branch. They can
be bottled up in Eastern Siberia and
dealt with at leisure.
Before the Czecho- -Slovak advent
ure came to a head the Allied pro
grammc in Russia contemplated
nothing more than landings in Vladi-
vostok and on the kola Peninsula
to protect military stores furnished
IA tho Dre- Soviet trOverrrnoptc ,rj
still side tracked there Marines
we're disembarked both at Vladivos-
tok and at the terminal Of the Muir
mansk railroad.
But with the Czecho- Slovak sue,
cesscs and the rapid decline of So
Wet power wider vista opened. It
has been found practicable to inter
vcne in military way to free Rus
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25
Allies Slow to
Realize Opportunity

Without their fortuitous interpo-
sition Russia would have been hope
lessly lost to the Allies. Either the
Germans would have exercised
completer and completer control
through puppet Soviet dictatorship
at Moscow or the country would
have lapsed into anarchy The AL
he'd powers were slow to realize the
value Of the Czecho- Slovak achieve
ment. They had despaired of Rus
sia. But the spectacular success of
these marooned representatives of
anti Bolshevism and anti-G German
ism at last stirred the Entente to
action.
To relieve them and to secure
their communications with the Pa
citic and with the Arctic had become
an Allied moral obligation. Japan
was evidently willing to 60 to their
rescue. But unfortunately the Uni
ted States baked for long time at
anything which looked like mill
tary effort antagonistic to the al
legged Moscow government The or
ganization of the Austrian, Hunga-
rian and German prisoners of war
through German influence and their
employment to fight the Czecho-S Slo-
Naks finallu cnmnellnd A llind actinn
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25

Copyright 1918 BY The Tribune dissertation (Neu York Tribune,
TINE of Eastern reducing the rest Of Russia
New-York tribune., 1918-08-25

Self-gOVernment. t.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
A Signal Light for the
Telephone Receiver

" tive assistant desired to converse
with his superior the latter was busy on
the telephone, SO he had to wait. To
open the door every few minutes for the
purpose Of looking in or to have the op-
orator notify you when the receiver had
been hung up is both annoying and time
consuming. A private concern has in
stalled an inexpensive device which
eliminates this embarrassment. The ex-
ecutive's telephone has an extra connec-
ton which automatically lights small
blue light at the assistants Office when
the former is using his phone. AS soon
as the executive hangs up the receiver
the light goes out and the assistant
knows that his superior is accessible.
This device, which is very inexpensive.
consists of two plates connected with
wires which run through the cord to the
assistants Office. - Popular Science
Monthly for July.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
when the Protoplasm
w Grows Senescent

"a sapient world reading Of these dis
closures and Of corroborative testimony in
German medical literature made very lit
tie response. 1t compared notes with what
it already knew of other capitals, past and
present, and put the question down as So
Geologic without special significance. The
question was protoplasmic and significant
as handwriting upon the wall. The natu-
ralist recognized it as meaning proven ILL
ness of state the protoplasm of which
was becoming senescent. =.
"Yhe naturalist knows that Prussia need
not be feared after the war, as the sociol-
ogist fears The apadion index associated
with other phenomena of decline give tes-
timony showing that Prussia in the centres
Of population had reached cultural limita-
tions about the beginning of the present
century. When decline is under way in the
representative centres Of any nation the
movement is rather steadily downward
Historians will write Of Prussia that
was in the same way as they write of Rome
that was. When there is rapid increase
in the wealth in any country and CORE
spending financial ability to raise children,
and when this movement is accompanied by
an actual decrease in the birth rate,
wealthy country then begins to follow
Rome in decline as natural phenomenon.
The expression fewer and better children
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
A Hun Turbo-Dynamo

TT is claimed that the largest turbo
dynamo machine in the world has
just been completed by the Allgemeine
Electrical Company at Berlin. It gem
crates $4,000 kilowatts, which corrc-
spends, at 1000 revolutions per miffute.
to $4,000 horsepower 1t is characters
tic of the hard times now prevailing in
Germany that the blades Of the turbine
had to be made for the most part out Of
other than nickel steel AS Illustrating
the economy Of space achieved by such
powerful turbo-dynamo, a Berlin news
paper makes this statement:
"The largest steam engine in the munich
pal electrical plants of Berlin produces
maximum Of about 5000 horsepower; and
yet 1t occupies more space than this turbo
dynamo which generates more than twelve
fold the power it yields"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07

more lives than actual fighting. To the bot
anist is due the credit for saving Germany
from the alternative of starvation or sur
render by the aid he has rendered agri-
culture in supplying thousands of tons Of
ammonium sulphate and nitrate prepared
from the atmosphere by processes of the
chemists. The modern aeroplane, with it's
load of pilot and observer, of armor and
ammunition, would be impossible were it
not for the alloys cunningy devised by the
chemist, which combine greatest strength
and toughness with a minimum Of weight.
No doubt we all regret that the chemists by
stored oxygen, by reagents absorbing car
bon dioxide and producing oxygen, by the
storage Of energy III electric batteries have
kept the submarines, an invention of the
physicists, from suffocating in their own
foul gases In the depths; but there is COM
fort for us in the thought that our own
submarines may profit by these discoveries"
Another service of chemistry since the
war consists in supplying the people of
this country with chemicals hitherto i'm
ported from abroad. In regard to this
problem the author asserts:
"Three typical and important illustrations
of these tasks must suflce-the providing of
drugs for the health Of our people, the man.
ufacture Of coal tar dyes for our textile,
leather and. related industries, and finally,
the production of potash for farm and
factory. The results are encouraging. AL
most all the essential drugs are now being
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
The Worlds Largest
Electric Ship

N THESE days, when tonnage is more
important than anything but men,
It Is interesting to read Of a new electric
ship launched in England, which is said
to accommodate from to 10 per cent
more cargo than any steam vessel Of its
size. It is the largest electric ship in
the world.
THE London Post" commenting ON
it, says:
One Of The most interesting ships re-
Gently built In England will shortly start
% her maiden voyage from a northeast
port This is the first electrically pro-
PEELED merchant vessel ever constructed in
British yard and Is designed on what Is
known as The Ljungstrom turbo-electric
system. In this principle, which has al
,ady been adopted on number of small
,.ofsisn merchant vessels, steam turbines
0nvs the electric motors which actually
operate the propeller. The mechanism is
controlled from switchboard similar to
mat in an electric power station, and the
engine room is unusually compact.
The advantages claimed for the turbo-
.lectric system, that make it Of special in
@sest IN existing circumstances, are coal
.'onomy and increased cargo space. Tests
uff'ed out in the foreign vessels referred
% above show low fuel consumption,
"aile 1T Is estimated that the British ship,
"aich is Of approximately 6,400 tons, will
sseommodate from 8 60 10 per cent more
.i'so than an ordinary steamer Of the same
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
This Master Is
i Not Loved

Those of US who have had the privilege
of enjoying close social contact with the
people in Austria and in Hungary and in
South Germany are fully aware of the in
imical feeling Of these groups toward their
master. One reason why the Roman State
was more successful in this respect was be-
cause OF greater generosity Of govern
ment which resulted in better utilization
after conquest. Roman methods of ahilia-
ton with vassal states did not arouse the
antaeonism which Prussia has aroused by
severe martial methods which have been
employed for holding vassal states III chain
and which have sent German emigrants to
generous governments in preferences to
their own colonies. At the time of the
formation of the Roman Empire through
force applied by single state there were
no other competing civilizations like those
which surround tho Prussisn autocratio
state and its vassals to-day. In Greece the
high development Of different cities did not
result in the abolition Of warfare, and there
VAS constant warfare between the cities.
1.-THE time came when bsrbarism In mass
force with tremendous onslaught could
break up civilized Rome when it began TO
disinterrats rs result Of senility OF
protoplasm Ind the approach toward cult
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
INT as a Regular Col
leee Course

4 CCORDING to 1.-THE Arizona Re-
:. publican" the American univer-
NY has discovered yet another way Of
lsastering to the war needs Of the
N'untry. One reads:
s,..NI. the famous explosive that 10
~. |'eg such an important part in the great
lhs now being made at the University Of
r,.s, sna Many Of the courses at the uni
...s sV have been somewhat modified as a
tn OF the war. and thus notably true is
a. Nss Of those offered by the department
in .saemistry. Thus, in the regular course
TN ssnio chemistry. tri-nisro.toluol, or
bs.a' - it is more familiarly known, has
~, Pfspaxed by the students.
7s y probably the most important
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07

from our oil wells into stable gasolene.
If the process was reasonably cheap it
might conceivably be possible even to
secure a product from the waste gases
Of the mines, as Governor Brumbaugh
of Pennsylvania has advocated
that is a far cry.
The immediate need is to convert the
richer gas Of coke and coal-distillation
plants into liquids so that there will be
a greater profit in operating such plants
at the mines. At present the gas Of
by-product ovens has to be wasted if it
is not produced in close proximity to
points where the demands for power are
large.
In converting methane into heptare,
if the conversion could be accomplished,
8 per cent Of the hydrogen in the meth
ane would be distracted. While methanc
contains rs per cent of hydrogen, hep
tame has only 16 per cent. Ethylene has
the same chemical analysis as heXylene.
In the other series hydrogen must be
added, but these are less important The
trick seems so easy, but nature often
seems firmly resolved to resist taking
what appears on first sight to be the
obvious course.-Codl Age.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07

~ EcAUsE OF the performance
x shown by models in recent de-
monstrative tests, some interest
has been aroused by an appara-
H., .Aat has lately been developed to save
~. Ian vessels from sinking after being
m,redoed, or damaged by collision,
s-;tes popular Mechanics" which con-
tinues:
am. continuance comprises a ANIMATED
49,, disk. TO the centre Of which Is at
ss..s.a a series Of rubberi1ed canvas, cone
.s.,ed buckets. More specifically, the clos
,as ask is built up Of circular plates 80 as
=. ~ s.ve great strength in the middle and
s..ihilisy at It's outer extremities. It is
800 With thick layer OF compressible
a.t.rial that when subjected to pressure
iii gil and cover, water-tightly. the uneven
..,f.ess surrounding the hole in the hull
"A. ether side Of the disk is overland with \
.Aheri,cd fabric that is circular in shape
"a at greater diameter than tho base mem
Mr. The stopper could be provided in va
INNS sizes up to thirty or forty feet in
Sameter. In use the end cone on the
,saIn would be lowered into the water in
a, vicinity Of the hole in q ship's hull.
I',ou being caught by the inrushing water
4 would be pulled through the opening.
ne whole string Of buckets would then be
lovered along with the disk so that the lat
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
An Indian miracle" Ex-
planned

A NOTE in Mature" refers briefly to
"A a lecture by Sir ]. C. Bose, which
describes and explains a bit of Hindu
wonder working - the praying palm
tree" of Faridpur. AZ the time of even
ing prayer the tree is seen to bow its
head in prostration, and it resumes an
erect attitude the next morning. The
lecturer devised special apparatus to re-
cord continuously the movements Of the
tree by day and night, and thus discov
cred that the movements were due to
the diurnal change in temperature.
Scientific American.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07

THE question as to how death is
caused by electricity has long been
the ground Of controversy between Ger
man and Austrian scientists. At the Uni
versity Of Vienna it is taught that the
electric current upon entering the body
arrests the functioning of the respiratory
organs and thus causes death through
suffocaton. The German authorities, on
the other hand, teach that electricity
stops the rhythmical beating of the heart,
that sort of dancing Or futtering of
that organ supervenes, and as there is no
more pumping action to keep up the cir
culation death ensues.
From a notice in the "Frankfurter
Zeitung" it would appear as if Berlin in
this instance, tco-just as in the realm
of politics-has now proved itself the
stronger power. Professor Boruttau, of
the Berlin University, that paper re-
ports, has recently delivered an address
before the Berlin Electrotechnic Society
in which he fully demonstrated the cor
rectness of the German view. Appealing
to numerous experiments by himself and
other specialists, made upon animals and
registered in the form of deterioration
grarns' he claimed definite proof for
the theory that death is caused by at
tack upon the heart, which is made to
futter or dance. In addition to this
experimental proof Boruttau studied the
statistics Of 1900 cases of accident with
electricity. From these it appeared that
in cases where the current entered the
heart death nearly always resulted,
whereas death was rare when the cur
rent entered the head and brain, in which
the respiratory organs have their vital
centre.
Discussing means of restoration to
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
1t Might Go Down With
L All Mental Flags Flying

"The apadion index does not. mean that
high mental gifts are to disappear; on the
contrary, a nation might go down with
all of its best mental flags flying. A paral-
lei is found in the which becomes
more beautiful when it doubles by in
of petals at he expense of sta
mems.
GAIL states which rise like the Roman
and German states must fall like these, and
for protoplasmic reasons. In regard to
later civilization we anticipate chat decline
will be conducted by microbc influence
more than by arms. Perhaps in future civ
ilizations other states which admire and
appreciate some one highly developed state
will not be surprised at its downfall. The
reason why they are surprised nowadays
is because the billions of dollars expended
upon arms are not expended instead upon
the giving Of every man in the civilized
world proportionate number Of thousands
Of dollars which would allow him to equip
himself in science. Intensive agriculture
and collateral sciences which are grouped
about that one basic study iead naturally
toward avoidance Of warfare by arms Up to
the present time in this Great Double In
vasion War the money expended for pur-
poses OF destruction if apportioned evenly
would allow every man in the civilized
world several thousand dollars which might
be used for purposes of instruction.
Had any one told the Romans that Roms
was to fall he would have been looked upon
very much as the Germans now look upon
the naturalist engaged in telling them that
their government is falling because of the
working of the law of cultural Limitations.
Manifest destiny may be viewed in two
ways, as it Was viewed by the Romans and
by the Germans of 1914, and as it is viewed
by the biologist. The destiny of Prussia is
at least clearly manifest to the student Of
natural history"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07

ural limitations. At the present time
number of high civilizations are uniting,
as the Greeks or Egyptians could never
have united, and it is this union Of power
full civilizations which desires to unseat the
protopasmically senile German government
while retaining as fully as possible that
part of the highly valued German people
which retains a magnificent charge of po-
tental energy.
~ do not know which one Of the Romans
first picked up the idea that Rome had
divine mission, but in Germany It was
Frederick the Great who first seized upon
the idea for his country. This curious phase
Of psychology carries a considera-
BILE degree of weight among uneducatcd
people. From medieval times up to the
present day the Church, when seeking tenn
poral power or working for political ends,
has made point of dickering with kings
in such "a way as to make them divinely
appointed, provided that they behave we'll
in the presence of the Pope.
Dante in the fourteenth century and
Gioberti in the nineteenth century de-
cared that the Romans and their descend
ants were chosen people, consecrated by
divine decree. Conditions are very differ
ent in these modern times, when an indi-
vidual like the Kaiser chooses to declare
himself consecrated, while surrounded by
thousands of German materialistic Knockers
and by rival consecrated states. This di-
gression into soeiologic comparison Of Rome
with Prussia is not in truth a depression,
because sociology is phase of physiology;
physiology depends upon protoplasmic in
tegrity, protoplasmic integrity depends
upon the comparative degree of vitality in
any varietal group.
1.-THE decline Of nations is marked by a
sign which we may call for convenience the
'ap@dion index There is a lesseninR Of
the birth rate commonly ascribed by So
biologists to social causes. The biologist
understands the index as having q deeper
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07

life Of persons apparently killed by
electricity, Boruttau claimed that where
the heart is futtering through electric
shock nothing can be accomplished by
resorting to artificial respiration. He
thinks that the most effective course
might be to open the chest and try
through massage to restore the beating
of the heart, but he admitted that this
could only be undertaken in exceptional
cases. He also said that a tlutrcring
heart, as experiment had shown, could
again be brought to beating rhythmically
by means Of another form of electricity,
either high-tension rotary current, or
by single discharge from an accumu-
lator (the German is kondensator}.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
&aaz@ The Great Workshop Of Science Egza16g6#

Haber, by Professor ostwald and bv Or.
Caro-, OF methods Of converting tho at,noa.
pheric nitrogen on large scale into am.
monia and nitric acid, Germany would not
nave dared to open She war in 1919. With
out this mid. in the face Of the possibility Of
Treat Britain's control Of tho seas and che
cutting off of supplies Of nitre and food.
Germany would have been compelled to
stake all on the chance Of speedy con-
quest, such ns she failed TO achieve in 1914
as result Of the Battle Of the Marine.
10 medicine Is due the credit for pro.
tecting the millions Of men In arms against
aisease in camp and trench, An evil which
IN previous wars IL estimated to have cost
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07

series. II we could make netha1re and
ethane into pentane, hexane and heptans
or ethylene into hexylene, and the like,
these being liquids under ordinary con-
ditions, we could convert and so con-
dense some Of the gases from by-prod-
uct ovens into gasolene and burn the
others for power purposes and for cox
ing.
The method would probably be equally
available for use in connection with the
distilling Of coal at low temperatures.
Itwould be- possible also to turn the gas
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07

manufactured In the United States, and In
very few weeks the shortage that has
existed will be matter Of the past.
The part which chemistry has in the
battle line itself 10 perhaps the moat in
tercstng and absorbing chapter in the
history Of tho war, 30 far a. it is being
written by chemists. It is also the most
horrifying and depressing, and for very
obvious reasons IL can be written in de-
tall only after the war is over. When
Germany let 60 the first wave Of poison
gas In contravention Of all international
agreements 1t is said that the British gen
eral in command wired to London that II
relief were not sent within three days the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-07
Another Safety Device

high explosive used in thc present war, and
knowledge os the method Of manufacture
IS not only Of great interest to che student,
but te may alao be very useful to him IL
he engage in chemical services for tho
government.
"Like many other high explosives, TINT
requires q detonator or illuminate cap TO
set IL of. 1t is said that rifle ball NAV
be fred through box containing this sub
stance without its exploding, and it Ia
therefore as safe to handle and to prepare
IN the laboratory as the other products
commonly synthesised there. This explo-
sive is manufactured from toluol, q BY
product Of gas works. and Everett NJ York.
an expert in gas by-products, has been in-
vestigAting In Dr. Guilds laboratory the
possibility Of securing toluol from the local
gas works"