davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1918-08-02

Mrs. Nina Decker has returned
home from the Sanitarium at Battle
Creek, and her host of friends will be
pleased to learn that she is again
in good health.
Little Miss Lillian Tellam returned
Sunday from Chicago where she has
been the guest of her aunt, Miss
Lillian DeTurk for the past two
weeks.
Henry Van Wiltenburg, one of the
most highly respected residents of
Almena, departed this life July 25th,
1918. He was born in Chester town
ship, Ottawa County, July Both, 1856
and was aged sixty-one years, eleven
months and twenty-five days on the
day of his death. He was married
to Sophia Miller on October 21st,
1880 and came to live in Almena on
May 18th, 1898. On January 22nd,
he was taken to Borgess. hospital in
Kalamazoo for an operation which
failed until death relieved him. Mr..
Van Wiltenburg was a great sufferer
during his illness but bore it with
great patience. Years ago he became
a christian and found Christ very
present help in trouble. He was
ready and willing to go, and passed
away very peacefully. During his
sickness he received the most con-
stant and tender care, his friends
seeking if possible to anticipate his
every want He leaves to mourn his
departure, his wife, one son Edwin
Van Wiltenburg, two daughters, Mrs.
Frank Austin and Miss Coral, one
brother, John Wiltenburg of Grand
Rapids and one sister, Mrs. Edwin
Muse of Oakland, California. These
with many other relatives and friends
sincerely mourn, but are comforted
by the thought that with him it is far
better. The funeral was held in the
Methodist church conducted by Rev.
Arthur Trott and the burial in Al
mena cemetery.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1918-08-02
FARM BUREAU NOTES
Culture for incubation Available

Legume plants, such as Red Clover,
Sweet Clover, Alfalfa, Soy Beans,
Cow Beans, Vetch and Peas gather
nitrogen from the air, provided the
tiny bacteria which lives on the
roots of these plants are present. If
crop of any of the legumes is to
be grown on a field for the first time
it is advisable to see that the seed is
noculated by using pure culture to
treat the seed before sowing.
We have on hand at this office a
supply of cultures for vetch, alfalfa
and Red clover. Any one can secure
these by calling and paying the
actual cost which is twenty-five cents
for enough culture for sixty pounds
of seed. Or if preferring to order
bv mail, send to the Bacteriogical
Labortory at East Lansing, twenty
five cents for each culture wanted
stating what is to be inoculated and
the time of sowing.
The beneficial efforts on after crops
from the growing of legumes is very
marked, and it is because of the
little bacteria having taken free
nitrogen from the air and fixed it In
the soil in the form of the nodules
found growing on legumes and which
succeeding crops make use of. Nit
ropen is the most expensive element
of fertility and yet by incubation
and making soil conditions in other
ways proper for the growth of leg
umes, it is possible to secure, free,
all the nitrogen needed for large
crops.
Van Buren, County Soil Needs
Q) Lime in some form to correct
acidity, that legumes, bearing rodules
can be grown.
(2) Nitrogen which will be fur
nished by the legumes free, if the
seed is inoculated and the soil made
sweet with lime, so the bacteria
which gathers nitrogen from the air
can live.
(3) Organic matter to furnish
humus, that our soils will be more
retentative of moisture and of bet
ter physical condition. This can be
best and most easily secured by grow
ing crops of legumes TO be plowed
down, if ue use lime to inoculate.
(4) Phosphorus in some form
that we may be able to grow larger
crops of legumes and all kinds OF
plants. Probably at the present time
Acid Phosphate is the most practical
form in which to purchase Phosphor-
Jus.
Any of the above four things are
good as far as they go, but the best
results will be secured where all four
needs are applied. The idea used to
be, keep more stock to keep your
land up. Now the idea is to feed
your soil, so more stock can be kept.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1918-08-02
r. M 3 IS M g. IS q:

The democrats of Van Buren coun-
ty evidently made some slip in their
calculations, as a result of which no
names for nomination for county
officers will be printed on the demo-
cratic ballots for use at the approach
ing primary election. No petitions
containing the requisite number of
names have been filed. Following is
a list of such petitions received by
the County Clerk:
For representative in the State
Legislature, Frank Burger of
Bangor ,39 names.
For Sheriff, Adelbert Lober of
Bloomingdale, 38 names.
For County Clerk, Matthew
Murphy of Antwerp, 25 names.
For Register Of Deeds, Edward
A. Twitchell, of South Haven, 40
names.
For County Treasurer, Harry
Martin of Lawrence, 40 names.
Sixty-one names is the minimum
number requisite to entitle
petition to a place on the ticket.
Under the provisions of the
statute, slips may be used or names
may be written under the proper
headings on the ballot, and any can
didate so receiving the greatest num-
Der of such votes, but not less than
per cent of the total number
of his party ballots so cast, will be-
come the party nominee. Slips how
ever must not be circulated within
one hundred feet of the polls.
= p = II E y y =
"Think twice before you speak
once" may be wise proverb, but
you and I both know people who
ought to think all the time and
never speak.
Continued on page -
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1918-08-02

H. c. Waters was in Bloomingdale
on Monday of this week.
The Home news., 1918-09-27

throttle. MT. Brown was thrown high in the air just after the engine leaped the tracks.
 In falling with terrific force against the ground the fire mans head was nearly sever- ed in two parts, and a large rock was imbedded in the skull. MT. Nolte was found lying in a crumpled heap in the engine cab.
 What is considered as a miracle is that the passenger coaches remained on the track with the exception of the bag gage and mail cars. Neither clerk of the derailed cars was injured.
 The special left Union Sta- tion at Memphis Saturday night at 1O:3O o'clock. The terminal is Fort Worth, Texas.
 A train earring the dead bodies of the railroad men ar rived in Memphis Sunday morning at six o'clock. J. T. Hinton & Sons, undertakers, sent the remains of MT. Brown to Little Rock last night.
 Engineer Nolte is survived by his wife, Mary E. and daughter, Jacqueline Nolte, and adopted son, George Kaawa. He was born in Beardstown, H., in 1849, and
The Home news., 1918-09-27

for any Liberty loan. The initial payment was increased as means of discouraging the practice of some persons in the past of subscribing with out carrying out the install ments.
 The setting of the last in- stallment of 30 per cent as late as January 30 was interpreted as assurance that the fifth Liberty loan would not be floated before late in Febru- ary, or possibly March.
 The amount of the fourth loan and the redemption terms probably will be annuonced by the treasury.
 The initial payment, al- though due at the time of pledging, need not be paid un- til October 19, the end of the subscription peroid.
 The installment dates will not interfere with the practice by which many subscriptions have bought bonds through banks or other agencies and paid 10 per cent month tor approximately 10 months.
 -Buy W.S.S.
The Home news., 1918-09-27
CONCERNING PAYMENTS
 ON NEW LIBERTY BONDS
Ten Per Cent of Amount of the Subscription Must Be Paid on Application, Is An
 nOuncement

Washington, Sept. 23.-Ten per cent of the fourth Liberty loan subscriptions will be re- quired on application instead of five per cent, as for past loans, the treasury announced today. Twenty per cent will be due November 21, 20 per cent December 20, 20 per cent January 16, and 30 per cent January 30.
 This is the first time more than three installments have been arranged in addition to the payment on application
The Home news., 1918-09-27
SUNSHINE SPECIAL IS
 WRECKED-2 KILLED
Memphis Engineer Dies With Hand on Throttle = Fire man Is Also Killed at
 Lansing, Arkansas.

Engineer John l.. Nolte, age 60, 244 North Garland Place, Memphis, and Fireman Ed Brown, age 29, Little Rock, were instantly killed Saturday night at 12 o'clock when the Sunshine Special, enroute from Memphis to Little Rock and Ft. Worth was derailed at Lansing, Arkansas.
 Conductor J. T. Hedgepeth, Memphis, the remaining mem Der of the train crew, escaped uninjured, as did all passen- gers of the coaches, which re- mained on the track.
 It is claimed low place in the roadbed resulted in the engine leaving the track. The huge iron monster shot prob ably 50 feet, it is said, from the rails, and then settled, facing Memphis, the opposite direction from which it was travelling.
 Engineer Nolte refused to leave his engine and like a hero died with his hand on the
The Home news., 1918-09-27
had lived in Memphis for 20

had lived in Memphis for 20 years.
 MT. Nolte had been a mem Der of the Brotherhood of Lo- comotive Railroad Engineers and a member of the Catholic Church.
 The funeral will be held Tuesday morning at 10:3O o'clolck, from the residence, with mass in St. Patrick's Church. Memphis Commer- cil Appeal, Monday, Sept. 23.
The Home news., 1918-09-27
Buy W.S.S.

Your friends can buy any thing you can give them except your photograph. Let B. < N. make it for you during week of Sept. 30 to Oct 5 inclusive. See us at Waverly Hotel. Adv.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07
sM1CHlQQlIIES

Bible school, 1000 to 10:30;. preach
ing service, 1915 to 11:15. The SER
mon and special soffering announced
for tomorrow will be postponed and
the sermon subject will be Going
to Church in Nazareth No evening
service.
The United Presbyterian church.
corner of Blondeau and Ninth streets.
H. B. McElree, pastor, 500 Franklin
street.--During the time that the
present restrictions on church SER
vices are in force, the following
schedule of services will be observed:
Sabbath school at 10 a. m, closing
promptly at 1890; morning service
at 10:45. closing at 11:15. There
will be no evening services.
First Church of Christ, Scientist.
No. GIG High street.-Services at
10:45 a. m. Subjects God the Only
Cause and Creator" Sunday school
at 10 a. m; Wednesday evening meet
ing at 7:45. These services will be
shortened in conformity with quaran-
tine regulations. Reading room, No.
229 Masonic temple, open daily ex-
cept Sunday and legal holidays from
IL m. to 1870 p. M; Saturdays from
IL m. to 8 p. m.
Trinity Methodist Episcopal church,
corner Main and Tenth streets. Rev.
Milton E. Nethercutt, d. D., pastor.
I'm conformity to the ruling of the
board of health, short services will
be held on Sunday morning as fol-
lows: 10 o'clock to 1920, Sunday
school, followed by an ntermission;
10:45 o'clock to 11:15, sermon by the
pastor. Subject, "The Hands Of
Jesus" In the evening from o'clock
to 1880, there will be an Epworth
league service. Leader, Miss Mildred
Conlee. 1t is Epworth Herald night
There will be no other evening SER
vices. We hope that for the good
of the work the people will make
special effort to make the services
very helpful. The pastor will preach
at Valley church at o'clock.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07
New Roster of Officers and Department
Heads Appointed and They viii
Act for the Ensuing
Year.
MANY COMMITTEE HEAEs
One Branch, Fifteen Auxiliaries and
Ninety-one Junior Auxiilaries
are Part Of Keokuk
Chapter.

The heads OF departments of the
Keokuk Red Cross for the coming year
have been named by the chairman,
and will with the officers administer
the affairs of the chapter. The follow
ing is the roster:
Chairman--C. F. Mcfarland.
Vice Chairrnan-Very Rev. James
Gillespie.
Secretary-Howard W. Wood.
Treasurer-John A. Dunlap.
The committee cEairmen are.
Membership, Howard w. wood.
Organization Of branches and auxil-
iaries, Mrs. j. H. d. Chenowith.
Finance, c. r. Mcfarland.
Publicity, Mrs. Harry j. Reeves.
Schools, Supt William Aldrich.
Civilian Relief Miss Laura Alton.
Surgical dressings, Miss Cornelia
Meigs.
Hospital Garments, Mrs. Joseph
OBrein
Refugee Garments, Mrs. c. F. Nc
Farland.
General Supplies, knitting etc, Mrs.
j. l.. S. Scadding.
Purchasing and distribution, Mrs.
John A. Dunlap.
Warehousfng ana shipping, MISS FL
sic Buck.
Supplies for fighting men, ]. Albert
Kiedaisch.
Instruction for women Miss Cornell
ia Meigs.
The Keokuk chapter has one branch
at Donnellson of which Mrs. John
Schwer is chairman.
There are belonging to the keokuk
chapter fifteen auxiliaries, and to-
tai of ninety-one junior auxiliaries.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07
SOLDIERS ARE
CARELESS NOW
n Return Home, They Neglect the
Things of Most Value to Them,
1t Seems, and Need
Prodding.

The Red Cross announces that it
has distributed to the soldiers in all
camps and cantonments, printed
registration card, which bears on IL
instruction that the card shall be
turned in to the Red Cross chapter in
the home city of the soldier
1t is sort of Red Cross checking
in system.
Not one card to date has been
turned into the Keokuk chapter by
the returned soldiers.
They are requested to turn in the
Red Cross registration card at The
Gate City Office at the time they
register in the book provided for that
purpose.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07
OFFICERS ROYAL
NEIGHBORS
Keokuk Lodge Elects Roster for the
Ensuing Year at Its
Annual Meet
ing.

The Royal Neighbors at its annual
meeting elected the following officers
who will serve in 1913:
Oncle-Mrs. Mary G. Hayden.
Vice oracle-Mrs. Edith Shaffer
Past oracle-Mrs. Ufa Buss.
Chancellor-Mrs. Elizabeth Bess.
Marshal-Mrs Lena WEIGH.
Recorder-Mrs. Maude Larson.
Receiver-Mrs. Kate Garrison.
Inner sentfnel--Mrs. Henrietta Pet
erson.
Outer sentinel-Mrs. Mildred kish.
Mama er--Miss Mary Reimers.
physicians-Dr. H. l.. COPYRIGHT
and DR.. Charles A. Jenkins.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07
CERTIFICATES
ARE CALLED IN
Secretary of the Treasury Gives
Notice Of Redemption OF
Those Maturing In
January.

All newspapers are asked to give
wide publicity to the following notice
from the secretary of the treasury:
All United States treasury certifi-
Gates of Indebtedness of series ~ E.,
dated September 3, 1918, and matur-
ing January g 1919, are hereby called
for redemption on December 10, 1913.
at par and accrued interest pursuant
to the provision for such redemption
contained in the certificates.
On December 10, 1918, interest on
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07
GOVERNMENT
TRAP GUARDED
1elated Protection Given temporarily
to the Trench Beside Lucas
Avenue at Post
office

After the 'steenth person had been
injured by falling into the concrete
trench several feet deep extending
from the back door of the government
building to Lucas avenus, some pro-
lection was given the public there.
rough temporary railing was put
up on both sides of the trench by
the government building janitor
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07
Weenhman Resiuns.

limited Press Leased Wire Service
NEW YORK, Dec. CHARLES
Weeghman has resigned as president
of the Chicago National league club,
he announced today in telegram to
John Heydler. acting president of the
National league He informed Heyd-
Ter that his resignation was necessi-
tated by the pressure of business in
terests
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07
Dr.. Thomas A. Hartley is Victim Of
Pneumonia After illness of
Only Four Days with
the Disease
WAS PROMINENT CITIZEN
Progressive and Successful Dentist
and Active in All Affairs for
the Good Of His Home
Community.

The death of DIR. Thomas Andrew
Hartley, well known dentist of
Warsaw, occurred at $3.50 o'clock
yesterday at his home.
Death resulted from influenza fol-
lowed by pneumonia, with which he
had been I'LL since Sunday.
He was born and reared INF Keokuk
and received here his common school
and professional training.
He was an affable, friendly man,
who kept in almost as close touch
with his Keokuk friends as he did
with his daily associates in. Warsaw.
Because of this fact his death is as
generally mourned here as in his
home city.
DR.. Hartley was born in Keokuk
November 2, 1882, and was the son
of Mr. and Mrs. G. w. Hartley, Of
612 Exchange street. He attended
the public schools and was gradu-
ated from the Keokuk Dental college
with the class OF 1904.
He was married to Miss nellie NJ.
Wolfe at Moulton, Iowa, May 16,
1905.
Was Leading Citizen.
For a short time he practiced dent
istry at Lorraine, ILL.,, but for the
past fourteen years has lived in War
saw. He was progressive in his
profession, in which he was very
successful. He was reared in the
Methodist faith, but attended the
Presbyterian church in Warsaw. he
was prominent there in civic affairs
and was a member of the city courl-
Gil at the time of his death, and sec
rotary of the Warsaw Commercial
club.
He belonged to the Masonic order
the Odd Fellows and the Woodmen
of the World in Warsaw, and was a
member of the Yoemen and the Keo-
kuk lodge of Elks
He was treasurer for the state Of
Illinois of the Woodmen OF the World
and of the Adams-Hancock County
Dental society. He was member
OF the Illinois State Dental society
and the American Dental association.
He is survived by his wife, his
parents, Mr. and Mrs. C. w. Hartley,
tour sisters and one brother: Mrs.
William Doyle of Sioux City, Mrs.
Louis Mote of Des Moines, Misses
Jessie and Ruth Hartley and William
Hartley of Keol1uk. Misses Lucretia
and S. Elizabeth Matheney are
sunts.
The funeral will be held at the
home in Warsaw at 8 O'Clock Sunday
Afternoon, with burial in Oakland
cemetery, in Keokuk. at o'clock.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07

which will answer the purpose, and
looks like a footbridge railing in the
Ozark mountains.
Postmaster E. P. McManus tried to
have that hole protected when it was
built, but nobody has ever succeeded
in getting the proper bureau of the
treasury department to attend 10 it.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07
Japs Enroute Home

limited Press Leased Wire Service
WASHINGTON. Dec. THE gov
eminent has detailed a group Of navy,
army and state department officials
as honorary escort for Prince Higarhi
Fushimi and suite, who are arriving
today in New York enroute home to
Japan after returning the visit of
Prince Arthur of Connaugh.
1t is expected that the party win
come here and be entertained By
government authorities.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07

st. Peters Catholic church. Rev.
j. w. Gillespie. pastor Masses,
CHS, 7:30, 900 and 10:30 a m.
st. Francis de Sales. Rev. j. M.
Dunnion. pastor.--Masses 500 a. m.
and 1000 a. m. Sunday school at 3
O'Clock.
The two masses at ST. Mary s
church tomorrow at and 10 o'clock
will be low masses.
Congregational church Sunday
school at GAS. Morning service Son-
Quoted by Mr.. H. C. Brown.
Swedish Evangelical Lutheran
church. Twelfth and Morgan-Sun-
Gay school from II to 11:30 a. m. No
other services for the day.
Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Mis-
sion church, Fourteenth and Morgan
streets.-Sunday school at 9:45 a. m.
No other services during the day
ST. Pauls Evangelical church
Sunday school, 10 to 1920; divine
services, 1O:45 to 11:15; Young Peo-
pies league at 1880 p. n.
Swedish Methodist chuach at
! Twelfth and Concert streets. F. j.
Swanson, pastor.-Sunday school at
|1O a. m. Preaching at 10:45 a. m.
No evening service.
First Christian church, Tenth and
Blondeau streets, Rev. Huell Warren,
pastor-Church school service, ~
a. M; communion service, lO:4o
a. M; short address by the pastor.
No evening services.
Pilgrims Rest Baptist church,
Fourteenth and Exchange streets
]. Sterling Moore, the pastor. will
preach at IL a. m. and p. m. Sun
day school at $50 a. M; B. Y. P. U.
at $50 D. m Services limited. Come
on time.
First Methodist Protestant church,
corner of Twelfth and Exchange
streets. Rev S. G. Benninger. pas
tor.-Sunday school from 10 to 1890
a. m. Preaching service at 1O:45 a.
m No evening service.
Baptist church. Eighth and Blon-
deau streets.-Sunday school, thirty
minute service beginning at 10 a. u.
Church service, 10:45 a. m. Sermon
by Rev. Harvey j. Moore. Subject,
Have We Got Anything Worth While
Out of the WARP" No other services.
Bethel A. NJ E. church-Services
Sunday morning at 1O:45, discontinue
at 1915. Sunday school 2:30 p. M
hold one-half hour. Those who can
not come to church can pay the col
lector when he cals3. Let us be
loyal to our church as we are to the
,, health authorities. Be on time Rev
c. r. Waters, pastor.
ST. Johns Episcopal church, Fourth
and Concert streets-Sunday, De
cember s, the second Sunday in AID
vent, the services will be: Early cele
I bration of the holy communion a
7:30 a. m; Sunday school at 10, anC
the litany at IL a. N. In order tc
comply with the regulations, these
services will be only thirty minutes
EACH William s. D. Lamont, rector
First Westminster Presbyterian
church. Seventh and Blondeau, Rev
r. B. Newcomb, d. D.. pastor-Serv
{. ices limited to thirty minutes each
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07

The two masses at st. Mary
church tomorrow at and 10 O'CLOCK
will be low masses.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07

Congregational church = Sunday
school at GAS. Morning service son
Quoted by Mr.. II. G.. Brown.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07

Swedish Evangelical Lutheran
church. Twelfth and Morgan-Sun-
Gay school from II to 1880 a. M NO
other services for the day.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07

ST. Peters Catholic church, Rev.
]. w. Gillespie. pastor Masses,
G:15, 1880, 900 and 1880 a. m.
St Francis de Sales. Rev. j. M.
Dunnion. pastor.--Masses 500 a. m.
and 1000 a. m. Sunday school at
o'clock.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07

all certificates of said series will
cease to accrue.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07

Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Mis-
sion church, Fourteenth and Morgan
streets.-Sunday school at 9:45 a. m.
No other services during the day.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07

ST. Pauls Evangelical church
Sunday school, 10 to 1920; divine
services, 10:45 to 11:15; Young PEG
pies league at 1880 p. n.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-12-07

First Westminster Presbyterian
church. Seventh and Blondeau, Rev
e. B. Newcomb, D. D.. pastor-Serv
ices limited to thirty minutes each
Lincoln County times. (Jerome, Idaho) 1911-1919, 1918-08-01

South OF Range Sixteen 16) K. b..
NJ. together with the eighty shares
of stock in the North Side Canal
Company, Limited. representing the
water and water rights appurtenant
to said land.
That the said premises and shares
of stock may be sold. and the pro-
ceeds thereof applied to the payment
OF the sum SO due to said plaintifi.
including costs and accruing costs /,
that the defendants and all persons
claiming by, through or under them
may be forever barred and foreclosed
of all title, right, claim, lien, equity
OF redemption and interest in and to
said premises and shares of stock !:
and for such other and further re-
lief as may be just and equitable.
For full and complete statement
of said cause of action, see the veri-
fled complaint on file herein.
Witness my hand and the seal OF
said District Court this 8th day OF
July, 1913.
Attorney for Plaintiff: f. d. Rey-
nolds, Jerome. Idaho.
(SEAL) j. w. LUNDIN,
MILDRED BARGER, Clerk
Deputy Clerk.
LIST pub. July IS. Last pub. Aug. IL