The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1918-09-12

about 100000 tons for coastwfse West Indian
and South American trade.
The navy overseas transportation service
started operations last autumn. It's first act
to take over u oil tankers to supply ships with
fuel oil. In the emergency it necessary hur-
riedly to commission the shippers who had been
running ships under civilian auspices, put them
into lieutenant commanders uniforms and send
them their way with a book of navy regula-
TONS 1t is not strange that in the circumstances
the average reserve officer more or less
Gin the air.
The service, starting in New York and Nor
folk, extended to Philadelphia 1t now is
expected that 80 additional offices viii soon, be
opened, including those the other side OF the
Atlantic. The navy overseas transportation serv-
Ice must not only operate its ships, but 1t must
that they operated at their maximum
efficiency. They must be loaded in record time.
They must carry record cargoes. They must go
across in record time They must arrive the
other side in safety. The sinking of ship
would mean not only the loss of the cargo she
carrying at te' time, but of all other cargoes
that she might have been called upon to carry
other trips.
Officers of the service figure that if by i'm
proved efficiency in the engine they can
ten ships across the at knot better
speed than that at which inferior engine-room
would put them over ship has been
created. In like manner, if they put ad-
dftional 10 per cent Of cargo each of the ten
ships additional ship has been created.
The transportation officers figure also that
In other words every hour saved to a ship is 500
gained. A battle may be lost the allies through
the sinking of cargo ship.
In the matter of defense of cargo ships at sea
the service places particular stress Upon these
four elements: A sharp lookout, ability to
maneuver, speed and guns. Expectation of life"
is increased 300 per cent by guns merchant
men, They force the submarine to operate under
the surface of the water where its speed is
slower and its deck guns useless
The situation today in New York and other
ports of embarkatiOn in regard to the operation
of ships is less complicated. Not the
navy alone is operating ships, but the shipping
board, the Quartermaster's department and the
navy supply department. Besides this the ship
ping board assigns ships to private owners to
operate and certain ships manned by the navy
assigned to private owners. The general opin-
ion with regard to these ships seems to be that,
under current labor conditions navy recruiting
offers the best and the only real guaran-
tee for manning most Of the great fleet of
cargo ships under construction.
There has been a disposition in certain omar
tiers to bettle the cargo-ship service The no.
ton prevails that there is no romance in some of
the old tramp ships being used in this service
In answer it is shown by the men in the service
that it is not only the most useful but the most
interesting service in the war.
Outside of the destroyers, the men-o'war carry
ing freight probably will be the only warships
that will see active service in this combat As
clinching argument, this service is about the only
one that Is constructive and not destructive It
is laying the foundation for great American
merchant marine after the war.
That America did not have an immense mer-
chant marine at the outbreak of the war was due
TO several causes. Confederate raiders dealt it n
severe blow Metal ships and the DEVELOPMENT
OF railroads followed. Then came the blocking
in congress of all legislation for such q merchant
marine The La Toilette act was the blow that
killed the project.
The transportation pressure due to Americas
entry into the brought the realization of the
inadequacy of the number OF American officers
In the merchant marine. As the first step toward
supplying the deficiency, great school was es-
tablished at Pelham Bay for the training of deck
officers In addition to the valuable nucleus of
young officers already given TO the naval reserve
from this school, accommodations have been pro-
vided greatly enlarged scale for thousands
more Here the take two months intensive
practical theoretical training, followed by
two months of real experience at sea. The cadets