davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
AMERICANS FIGHT
ALONGSIDE ALLIES
TROOPS ENGAGED ARE THOSE
RECENTLY ACTIVE ALONG THE
CHEMlN DIES DANES.
Boys From United States Making
Successful Raids in No Mans Land
in TouI and Lorraine Sectors,
According to Latest Reports.

ngton.-American troops have
been engaged in the attempt to stem
the great German offensive, according
to reports reaching the capital.
The American troops reported to be
engaged are thought to be those which
were recently active along the Chemin
DIES Danes.
American troops are making sue
cessful raids in mo Mans Land" in
Toul and Lorraine sectors, according
to the weekly review of the conflict
issued by the war department.
Official French advices say that
ninety-seven German divisions, APP
proximately 100000 men, have been
employed in the great offensive. Ac-
cordlng to these dispatches the gain
attained by the Teutons is not more
than seven kilometers, or about four
and one-half miles. Officers of the en-
tente armies on duty here say that if
the latter figures are correct, the Ger
man offensive has not brought forth
Il success. Officials of the British
embassy declare that if these figures
stand, a great victory has been scored
by the British and French arms.
Other advices which lead the British
into an almost jubilant frame of mind
was the brief statement of General
Haig that the positions remained I'M
changed; that the line had not been
broken, and the hint coming from
United States sources that the Amer
lean forces are heavily engaged, fight
ing side by side with the French and
British
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
U. S. to Keep |. W. w. Papers.

Chicago.-The plea of counsel for
the Industrial Workers of the World
for the return of papers seized by fed
eral agents in the nationwide action
against members of that organization
under the espionage act, has been de-
MED
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
Mexico Releots Aareement.

Washington. President Carranza
has rejected the economic agreement
drawn here by Ambassador Fletcher
and the Mexican commissioner, Rafael
Nleto, and has appointed three men to
formulate new proposal for presenta-
tlon to the United States.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
Nearing Pleads Not Guilty.

New York.-Pleas of not guilty to
charges of violating the espionage act
in the publication and distribution of
a pamphlet entitled 1.-The Great Mad
ness" were entered in the federal
court Saturday by Scott Nearing.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
NEW TROOPS RUSHED TO HAIG.
All Guns viii Be Replaced and Fresh
Forces Sent to Front.

London.-In message to Field
Marshal Haig, David Lloyd George, the
British premier. says that the men nee
eSsary to replace those lost are either
now in France or already on their way.
All guns will be replaced and still fur
Their reinforcements of men and guns
are ready To enter the battle.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
Must Hold Wool Pelts.

Washington.--Woo pullers and deal
ers in wool pelts have been ordered by
the war industries board to hold all
stocks for the option of government
purchase at maximum price OF Ii
cents per pound.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
Two Spanish Ships Sunk.

misunderstanding of the Spanish
the steamer Aprillao and the
ship Begona.. by German submarines
is reported in official dispatches from
Barcelona. The Begona was attacked
while on its way to Piraeus-
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
Americans AIdina British.

Washington.-Gen Pershing has
reported that two regiments OF Ameri-
can engineers have been engaged with
the British In the operations connected
with the German offensive.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
Saws Germans Growing Restless.

Chicag0.-AIlss Blanche Slocum, who
was held virtual prisoner In Ger.
many after the outbreak Of the war,
arrived home IN Chicago Tuesday and
told OF the suffering of the German
people. OF their rising hatred OF the
war and OF the German government.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
sixzlIna Politics in WISCONSIN,.

Milwaukee, Congressman Irvine l..
Lenroot. Republican candidate for
United States senator, in a speech at
Kenosha called on President Wilson to
keep his hands out of Wisconsin's state
politics.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
Germans Execute Priests.

London.-The execution in Brussels
of two Roman Catholic priests ON the
charge of espionage is reported in
dispatch from Amsterdam. Eight other
priests, the dispatch says, have been
given life Imprisonment.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
symphony Leader Alien Enemy.

Boston.-Drr. Karl Muck, leader of
the Boston Symphony orchestra, was
taken into custody as an enemy alien
at his residence in the Back Bay dis
trict of this city ON Monday.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
huns Torpedo Araentine Steamer.

Buenos Ayres-Advices received
here seem to confirm the reports cur
rent Wednesday that the Royal Mail
Steam Packet eompany's steamer Anna
zon, a l0.0o0-ton vessel, had been tor
pedoed.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
zoo sIaekere Are Arrested.

Chicago. More than 200 men were
arrested In Chicago Tuesday Ia the
governments campaign against disloy-
alists. enemy aliens. slackers and de-
serters. Several OF them. II was said.
VIII be inferned.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29

Washington. -Diseontinuance Of all
freight and passenger traffic soiiclta-
tion by individual lines has been or
dered By each OF the three regional
railroad directors. This viii eliminate
millions OF dollars of expense.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29

Washlngton.-Mal Mcbride of
Cleveland has been appointed to take
charge OF theatres and entertainments
IN the army training camps TO succeed
Mare Klnw of New York.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
Lack Of Preparedness.

Washington.-Ha this nation begun
universal military training three years
ago. by this time peace would have
been declared. was the assertion in the
senate by Senator Harry $. New of
Indiana.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29

Mai. r. w. Shufeldt, who served as
Junior officer in the Civil war and
through the Indian wars on the west
ern frontier, has been placed on the
active list of the medical corps of the
army at his own request. His work
will be to assist in compiling medical
and surgical history Of the present
war.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1918-03-29
losing Their speed.

British officers express the grimmest
satisfaction at the result TO date. The
offensive. they say. has lost IFS pace.
I'VE know 10 division the troops
the Germans had available" said one
Of the most important British officers
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-11-24

children. Teachers have a very firm be.
lief In their own ability to judge the in
teliisence of their pupils, in spite Of the
fact that correlations of their estimates
with the results of mental examinations
have been shown 10 be decidedly low.
physicians are also very prone to make
snap judgments OF people and, because of
their personal contact with q large num-
Der OF people OF all classes, they come to
believe tremendously in their own ability
in this direction. The physician, Of course.
Is not primarily judging intelligence, in
the narrow sphere Of the PSYCHOLOGISTS
definition. He is judging rather that
larger and vaguer thing we call .charac
ter
There Is, however, a group of physi-
clans who are daily passing Judgment in
regard to the intelligence OF Individuals
Ihis group includes the psychiatrists, the
physicians in institutions for The feeble
minded and some others who happen by
chance to be repeatedly called in to a
probate court to pass upon cases Of sus-
pected insanity and fecble.mindedness
Most Of these believe thoroughly that that
magical thing known as experience has
endowed them with the gift OF estimating
the Intelligence of n case after a brief in
terview, in which appear certain stock
questions about the President OF the
United States, and SO forth. Most Of
them scorn any assistance that mental
tests may give them"
The children to be passed on IN Pro-
lessor Pintner's experiment, had all been
ranked previously by standard mental
tests, which were accepted by those who
had to give their opinions
Their pictures are shown here arrayed
in the order Of intelligence as esta blished
by these tests, reading from left to right
and downwards
or the children Numbers 1 and are
classed by the standard tests as very
bright; Numbers 4, and as normal;
Numbers Z, and 8 as backward and
Numbers 10, II and IL as Predetermined.
In tact these three are now inmates Of
an institution for the feebe-minded.
The observers represented high aver
age or intelligence themselves. They were
just the people you would have selected
to pass On the intelligence of children.
They were grouped in four classes,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-11-24
NAOllON-Before You Read This Article
Pick Out Your Selection Of the Brightest Boy and
Girl and Then You Can See Whether Your udg-
ment Is Better Than the Wise Psychologists Who
Blundered So Badly in Prof. Pintner's Experiment
CAUTION
~AN you "size people up from their

~ AN you "size people up from their
looks?" Most people think they
can. Recent scientific, expert
ments made It pretty plain that you can
not.
1t was Professor Rudolph Pintner, of
the Department Of Psychology Of Ohio
State University. who decided to demon
strate whether or not you really could
judge peoples intelligence by their looks.
lie collected a dozen photographs of
young people OF all degrees OF intelligence
from exceptionally bright students to in
mates of an institution for the feeble
minded. These photographs, which are
printed above on this page. were handed
around to all sorts of people from doc
tors and lawyers and wise professors of
psychology down the line to typewriters.
AND the joke is that the experts on
psychology frequently picked out tho pic
ture of an inmate of an asylum for the
feeble minded as their idea OF the bright
est individual In the lunch.
- put Defore going any further with this
artlcle the editor suggests that the reader
STOP right here and select from the pic
lures printed above the brightest boy and
the DTlghtest girl Then read on and you
have fallen into the same errors that the
college professors made.
Nobody picked out the photographs in
the correct order Of their real intelli-
gence. Strange to say the only approach
70 accurate Judgment was shown by an
ordinary stenographer.
me mistake that nearly everyone made
was IN judging children by a certain
superficial brightness" of appearance,
which Is shown by these experiments to
telligence.
There is widespread belief" says
professor Pintner in his report in the
Psychological Review, that it is a rela.
lively seI9, simple thing to estimate a persons
intelligence after perfunctory CONVEX.
sation with him or even merely bv looking
at MIN. One hears again and again the
expressions. He looks bright and HE
looks stupid Such Judgments of 1ntclli.
genee are most often made in regard to
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-11-24
One of the Psychology Intelligence Mental Aertness Etc

three physicians employed In institutions
for feeble minded. OF the group of fifteen
psychologists all except one had had eX-
perience in giving mental tests. Seven
were devoting most Of their time to clint
cal or abnormal psychology. Four were
graduate students or assistants specialize.
ing in mental tests.
OF the eleven miscellaneous people,
three were business men, one was mar.
ried woman, and seven were stenog-
raphers. The group OF eleven students
was part Of a class studying the prob
lens of feeble-mindedness and the
measurement Of mentality. All Of them
had attended clinics throughout the
semester, in which all types Of detectives
were shown, and many Of the students
had had some limited experience with
mental testing. The group Of seventeen
teachers was a summer-school class In
mental measurements made up of teach
ers and superintendent.
A few of these had had experience in
the giving Of mental tests. All our groups,
therefore, with the exception of the mis-
cellaneous group. had been brought face
to face with the definite problem Of the
differences of intelligence that exist In
children.
Although several Of the observers re-
marked on the difficulty Of the expert
ment, none paused because Of any diff
Guilty about the meaning OF intelligence.
AS a rule, very little hesitation was shown
by the observers In making their deci-
sions.
The photographs of the twelve children
Copyright. 1918 by Star Company
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-11-24

be classed somewhat above normal, as
bright boy. The next two smallest aver
age deyiations are those Of children Nos.
and S, the two who receive the lowest
average, rank
The observers as whole differ least
as to which they consider the brightest
child and which the two least intelligent
No. was repeatedly called Stupid and
often 'imbecilic.' and some observers
pointed to the position OF the hands as
suggesting the picking OF the fingers seen
sometimes in idiots. No. is, as a mat
ter of fact, a perfectly normal child No.
8 was called wild and silly and receives
the lowest ranking according to our OBJ
servers. BY the standard mental tests
she would be considered a backward but
not feeble-mnded child.
1.-THE largest average deviation Is that
OF child No. 8. According to the stand
ard tests he ranks ninth and would be
classed as backward but not feeble
minded. The average rank Of the OBJ
servers places him seventh. Many OBJ
servers place him low because of his
rather expressionless face, but the large
average deviation is caused by few OBJ
servers who place him very high AL
though this was never openly acknowl-
edged, the writer suspects that In some
of these cases the observers were in
huenced by his glasses and placed him
high because of tho intelligence conveyed
by those useful adornments.
Comparing the rank obtained by the
observers as group in column two with
tho rank according to the mental tests In
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-11-24
Photographs Used by Prof. Pintner in
His Interesting Experiment and
Repr inted by Permission of
the Psychological Review.

coiumn one, We, note that the greatest
divergence occurs in child No II. who Is
ranked second by our observers. This
child has the sparkling eyes and bright
,ace that conforms so we'll with our popu-3
lar conception Of 'brightness,' and vet She
IS an inmate Of a feeble minded insti-s
tuition. s.
The next greatest divergence is ia.
child NO. 2, who is ranked 9!5 by our OH
servers. He is very bright boy, accord
ing to the tests, and yet his expressions.
less race and rather awkward pose is in
terpreted as intellectual dullness by the
observer The tests and the observers
both agree in placing child No. 6 about
the middle of the group. There is also
close agreement with regard to child No.
10, whose fat eXpressionless face is taken
to be indicative of a lack Of intelligence.
Child No. is placed fifth by our obs
servers, although what was regarded as
a silly smile by some led them to rank
him low.
1T Is impossible to analyze out Of alls
the opinions Of the observers any single
factor or set OF factors which seem TO
guide us in our judgments OF intelligence
when confronted with pictures Some OBJ
servers seem to look at nothing in par
ticular and make their judgments in a.
haphazard fashion, while others will draw
the most definite conclusions from slight 4
hints suggested by the hands or face or 81
clothes Of the child. and in most cases it
would seem as II such conclusions are as#
likely TO be false as they are to be true.
Some are greatly influenced by the pleas-f
ant appearance or smile, but for some the 4
smile denotes intelligence and for others s
1t denotes feeble mindedness. The posi-
ton OF the hands is allmportant to ons 4
observer, and If the feet had been shows
Ing or all the pictures, it is probable that
they would have been OF iagnostic value
Tor some observer Several Observers con.
fessed being greatly influenced by the re.
semblance Of some OF the photogra phs to
children OF their acquaintance, and 1t is
doubtless true that everyone is influenced i
N this way. consciously or uncoD ciously. II
trivial things mentioned here are at WORK i
in the snap judgments that VIC make OF
people in everyday life and that they ara
also at work. perhaps to lesser degree,
IN Inc judgments OF children made by
teachers, physicians and psycholnyists.&
VINO DO not use mental tests for purpose
OF mental diagnosis"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-11-24

These results when Analysed are full
OF interesting lessons. For instance,
child No. 2. though really Of high intelli-
gence. was generally classed as ninth.
1.-The smallest average deviation" com.
ments Professor Pintner, lis 15 for child
No. 3. This child is given first place more
frequently than any other child and there
is the least difference Of opinion about
MIN. Child No. shows the thoughtful
and serious aspect that is commonly as.
ISOLATED with superior intelligence Tho
tests show him to rank third and he would
Great Britain Rights Reserved.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-11-24

were shown to those people in turn and
they wrote out what they considered the
order OF intelligence Of the youthful sub
jects. From their answers the following
table was compiled by Professor Pintner,
showing the rank Of the children by
standard tests. the rank according to the
siXty-three observers and the average
deviation in their Judgments:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-11-24

namely nine ply
sicians, fift e e n
p S y C h o | o g S ts,
eleven miscellane-
Gus. eleven stu
dents and seven
teen teachers. The
group of physi-
clans was made up
of two gener raj
practitioners, one
tuberculosis SIP e.
cialist, one skin
S p eel ia | j s t. one
anaesthetist, ne
physical director Of
n large pun Ii c.
school system, and
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-04
CaIomeI Today! Sick Tomorrow!
 l Guarantee Dodson's Liver Tone
Don't take nasty, dangerous calomel when bilious,
 constpated, headachy Listen to me!

bottle of Dodson's Liver Tone for few cents under my personal guarantee that it will clean your sluggish liver better than nasty calomel; it won't make you sick and you can eat anything you want without being salivated. Your druggist guarantees that each spoonful will start your liver, clean your bowels and straighten you up by morning or you get your money back. Children gladly take Dodsons Liver Tone because 1t is pleasant tasting and doesn't gripe or cramp or make them sick.
 I am selling millions Of bottles or Dodsons Liver Tone to people who have found that this pleasant, vegetable iiv- CT medicine takes the place Of dam gerous calomel. Buy one bottle on my sound, reliable guarantee, ASK your druggist about me.-Adv.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-04

the attack given the navy department by the master of the ship over the tele- phone from Lewes said all the crew was rescued and removed from the navy s record of U-boat operations off the coast the one human victim.
 New York. June S-Capt. Charles E, Holbrook, commander of the Hattie Dunn. said that his vessel had been sunk May 25, and he and his crew taken prisoner by the submarine.
 Boston, June S.-The port of Boston was closed for an hour or more by naval authorities today after receipt of first reports of submarines off the coast, but was reopened later to all shipping. The closing regulations were enforced, how ever between the hours of p. m. and 4:30 a. m. Modification of the orders in this respect permitted coastwise pas senger steamers to proceed as usual.
 Washington, June 3-Members of the House naval committee were assured by Secretary Daniels late today that Atian- tic coast defenses against submarines were adequate and it was unnecessary to recall vessels from the war zone to deal with submarines en this slde me secretary said the purpose ot the ter" mans evidently was to frighten the American people into demanding the re- turn of some of their naval forces now abroad.
 Norfolk, Va, June 3.-Naval officers here said tonight their reports indicated five German submarines had been oper- atins along the Atlantic coast, and that two had been sighted off the Virginia Canes
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-06-04

New York, June 3.-At least one to German submarine off the coast members of the crew of the schooner the victor in this fight, and later tn steamship after several hours of firir
 For "A hours prior to the Coles de- struction at p. p., on Sunday, when 75 miles off Highlands Light, N. J., the age. The sea from this point to the shore also was filled with wFeckage, the rescued crew reported.
 The submarine which sank the Cole, the crew said, was the largest they had ever seen. It carried guns fore and aft and was 250 feet long.
 D. B. Samuelson of River Rouge, Mich igan, of the Coles crew. and Robert Lathigie, first mate, of East Boston Mass, telling the story today of the Coles destruction, paid a tribute to H. C. Newcomb, their captain, of Boston, for his intrepidity at the moment when an opportunity came for the Coles crew, Il in number, to be rescued by the American collier Bristol.
 The Bristol, Captain Frederick Hart,
 
 sighted the Coles crew in an open boat CT glass, steering by starlight after set ting her course by sun, trying to reach shore, nearly five hours after their ves- sel was sunk at D. m.
 The Bristol, coming alongside the Coles crew, had not noticed the submarine in the distance. Captain Neweomb, of the Cole, said to Captain Hart. of the Bris- tol:
 Don't stop to pick us up. Beat it quick or that submarine will get you The U-boat meanwhile was moving toward the Bristol, but Captain Hart declined to depart without first rescuing the Coles crew.
 Six of the latter, together with nine firemen on the Bristol, went to the Bris- tolls fire room and coal holds and for the first time in it's yoyaging, the Bristol is said to have made 1T knots an hour, as compared with her normal nine knots The Bristol escaped by reaching shallow water, into which the U-boat could not go.
 samuelson said that prior to the ap- pearance of the U-boat about p. ln., Sunday, the crew had observed so much floating wFeekage that he was rot astonished when what he thought was an American destroyer proved to be a German submarine. Two hundred yards off, after circling twice around the Gcle. the U-boats captain hailed the Cole which had been making only 36 miles in 12 hours, because of lack of wind, on her voyage from Nor folk, Va. to Portland, Me. A suDma- rine officer, who talked good Eng fish, came aboard with bombs and