davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Pershing Reports
Constant Changes

general Pcrshing's staff of experts
and officers over there runs into tho
thousands, and they arc busy every
minute. And every day that the sun
rises | get cablcgrams from General
Pcrshing from ten to sixteen and twcn
ty pages long filled with measurements
and formulas and changes Of a mill-
OF changes in details of things which
were agreed upon last week and changed
this week. and need to be changed again
next week. so that what VIC arc doing
at this end is attempting by using the
eyes of the army there to keep up to
what they want us to do
"Alrcady YOU viii find in your fur
thcr examination into some Of the bu-
reau work of tho dcpartment~somc of
the divisions, when they came down
YOU will find that schedules which were
agreed upon, weapons which were Sc
l.ctcd and which we had started to
that people have forgotten the names
of them almost, and new things sub
stitutcd in their place, and those for
gotten. and new things in their places
$50 that if one gets tho idea that
this is the sort of war VIC used to have
or if he gets the idea that this is a
static thing, it is an entirely erroneous
idea. And when YOU remember that we
had to divide this little handful Of Of
fccrs that we had and send so large a
part of them to France. and then think
OF those who remained at home, you
will realize. am sure, that those who
remained here had the double duty
insufficient for either aspect of it, in
numbers sand they still have this
double duty--thcy had to go forward
with manufactures. work out industry
and industrial relations; they had tc
sec about supplies of raw materials and
tnanufacturc finished products, anl
make from day to day alterations and
changes that had to be made, and they
had TO be ingenious with suggestions
to sec whether they could devise OF
this side, something which had not beer
thou~ht Of oNcr thcrC
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Had to Build OWn
Docks in France

"F'or instance the French had natu-
rally reserved the best ports in France
for their own supply. The channel
ports have been reserved for the Brit
ish. When we came in it was necessary
for US to have Independent ports of
entry in order that there might not be
confusion and admXturc of our sup
plies, going through these ports Of
Decentralization with those of other
nations. We were given several ports
As you perhaps recall. the ports Of
France arc tidal ports, ports with decn
water and tidal basins at high tides.
with insufficient water for landing at
the docks whcn the tide is out.
"As a consequence, the construction
Of docks and wharvcs in ports Of that
kind is very much more difficult than
where you have d deep sea harbor and
all you need to do is to erect a pile
wharf We have had to build docks,
VIC have had to fabricatc in this coun-
try and send over dock handling ma.
chinery; We have had to send from this
country even the piles to build the
docks.
cranes, Manufactured in this Country,
sent over to be erected on those docks !;
we have had to erect over there ware
houses at the ports Of Decentralization
in order that these vast accumulations
Of stores and supplies which 90 over
can be properly housed and cared for
until they can be distributed into the
interior.
1--WE have had TO take over and are
in process Of rebuilding and amplfying
railroad 600 miles long, in order to
carry our products from our ports Of
Decentralization to our general bases Of
operation.
! "And all of that gentlemen, has to
be done; not only studied out, as Il
necessary thing to do, but when so
studied out and reported here the
manufactures for those things have to
be carried on in this country and the
things shipped over thcrc-nails, cross
ties, spikes, lishplates, engines, cars,
buildings. We have had to build ord
nance depots and repair shops and great
magazines of supply in the interior.
"All Of that problem has been carry
ing forward step by step. The plans
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Building Barracks
Difficult Problem

I'VE have had to build barracks over
there for our soldiers, and in the mean
time to billet them around in the
French, villages. Building barracks over
there and building them here is very
different thing, gentlemen.
when we summoned the lumber in
dustry of this country to produce the
lumber to build our own cantonrnents
1t came in great and steady stream
from all over the country, but when
we talk about building barracks in
France it means this: 1t means to or
ganizc, as we have organized, regi-
ments Of forcsters and send them over
into the forests of France, which they
have assigned to us for our use. cut
ting down the trees, setting up saw
mills, making the lumber Of various
sizes, transporting it to the places
where it is to be used, and then finally
using it,
1--WE have had to go pack to the plant
ing of corn in France, in order that
we might some time make a harvest.
Our operations began in the forests Of
France, not in the lumber yards, as
they did in this country.
THAT great staff under General
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Defence Made by Baker
Before Senate Committee

'n.s war. OF all others, was not a static
'hing, that our adversary was n vcr-
Sa'le and agile adversary, that every
dav nc revampcd and changed his
weapons of attack and his methods Of
ociencc, that the stories thcv we're
,c'''nS us were true when they left
England and France; but an entirely
d,herent thing was probably taking
place there now, and they told us Of
large supplies Of weapons of one kind
and another. which they had DEVELOPED
IN France and England and which, even
before they got them in sufficient
9uan'lty manufactured 10 take them
from the industrial plants to the front
were superseded by new ideas and had
TO be thrown into the scrap heap.
"Thcy said to us: This is a moving
picture. 1T is something that nobody
can paint and give you an idea Of. 1t
Is not a static thing.
Ihercfore, 1T became necessary for
us to have eyes there in instant and
immediate communication with US, and
VIC sent over to France General Perish
ing, and we sent with him not merely a
division of troops to that shall refer
IN moment but VIC sent with him
perhaps, can say safely, the ma jor
part OF the trained. expert personnel
OF the army. You know the size of
the official corps of the regular army
III this country when the war broke
out: 1t was q pitiful handful of
trained men, and yet it was necessary
to divide them up and send over to
France officers of the highest quality.
so that they would be at the front and
see in the workshops and in the fac
tories and in the war Offices. and in
the armies. where consultations would
take place Immediately back of the
front, so that they could sec the thing
with their own eyes, and send US back
the details by cable every day Of the
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Clues Pathetic Picture
OfFrench Welcome

"Thcn what happened was that that
regular division went over and the
people of France kissed the hens OF
their garments as they marched up the
streets Of Paris, the old veterans
wounded in this war, lcglcss or arm
less, stumpng along on crutchcs, pei
haps. as they went up the streets OF
Paris, with their arms around the neck
Of American soldiers. Not d single
man in that division was unaccom
panied by Il veteran. America had gone
to France, and the French people arose
with sense Of gratitude and hope
fulncss that had never been in them
before.
"Our course. they welcomed the
British. but their need was not SO great
when the British went. OF course, they
welcomed the British, but there were
ties between them and us which had
not been between them and the Brit
ish. and so, when our troops went there
was an instant and spontaneous rise in
tho morale of tho French but an
equally instant and spontaneous in
sistance that these soldiers who came
from America should continue to como
in an unbrokcn stream.
"And so VIC made the election. We
decided not to send the regular army
as a whole, but to send regular dvi
sions and National Guard divisions, SC
lcctcd according to tho state Of thcil
preparation, and keep back here some
part Of our trained force in order tha,
it might inoculatc with its spirit an,
it's trimming these raw lcvics which VIC
we're training, and one after another
these divisions have gone over unit
in France there is fighting army, al
army trained in tho essentials and II
the beginnings Of military discipline
and practice, and trained, scasonce
fighters in this kind of war on tn,
actual battlcliclds where it is taking
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
"OnlyTh hose onGround
Able to Comprehend"

II fancy in this audience there are
men who have been III the trenches.
The altogether unprecedented charac-
ter Of that problem is the thing which
every returning visitor tells Us cannot
be described IN words, cannot be put
down in reports. 1t is thing SO diff
fcrent from anything else that ever
went on in the world, so vast in it's
desoation. so extraordinary in its
unlqucnoss, that it must be seen and
studied on the ground in order to be
comprehended at all
1T is easily imagined that VIC might
have perfected an army over here and
carried it across the ocean and found
it wholly unadaptcd to its task. and it
might we'll have been that the army.
that VIC sent over was just ono thing
that they did not need, and that some
other thing which .wc might have sup
Piled would have been the thing essen
tial to their success.
80 that. from the very beginning, it
was not d question of abstract spccula
ton here, but a question Of study there
10 find out where our shoulder to the
wheel could be put.
They realized that, and so Great
britain sent over to us Mr.. Bafour
aud General Bridges and a staff Of cX-
perts. They came over here, and you
saw Mr.. Balfour in the House of Con-
srcss and at the White House, in pub
nc meetings at one place and another
but the group Of experts whom they
brought over with them you did not
sec much of. and yet they distributed d
themselves through the War Depart
ment, aud their ordnance experts sat
down with General Cro1icr. their sup
ply experts with General Sharpe and
MS assistants, their StrategiSts sat
down with the Army War College, and
ali over this city there were these con-
ildential groups exchanging informa-
ton, telling how the thing was over
tneres. what VIC could do, what they ad-
V'sed US to do. what experience they
nad had in developing this. that and
enc other implement or supply how
certain plans which one might natural
y have evolved out of the past expo
renee of the world had been tried
lhcrc and found not to work at all.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
ribute to JoHre
And French Experts

They were exchanging information,
svlng US all that they thought was
helpful.
And then came JofFrc, with his won
ucrlut reputation and his great and
enarmlng personality, and he made a
great figure here and we welcomed him.
=, was tremendous inspiration to see
The hero Of the Marnc, but, with him
Venc this unobserved staff Of fifteen
y. .r twenty or twenty-five young men,
.no most brilliant men in the French
~lhy' strateglsts, mechanical experts,
e"Perts IN arms, experts in supplies,
eAperts IN industry and manufacture,
e"9 tney told us not merely the formal
ana military problems, but they brought
.Ver with them men who were in from
.ae 0eglnning, in their reorganizations
". " tncir industries, in their mobiliza-
son OF their industrial plants, and VIC
na.:, ID. down with them in little groups
until finally we collated, and collected
aIld extracted all the information which
''ney could give US from their rcspec
i've countries. s@1
AND every country which had been
brought IN the war has brought US that
sor'' or sent us that sort of staff OF
sNperts, and II has been necessary to
t.'"pare notes, and with this as basis,
90 90 torn such an idea as might be
..ormed OF what was the thing for US
20 do over there.
BUT that was not enough. They ad-
"Ltued that 1t was impossible to draw
anae picture. They could describe to us
a"o bring the specifications and draw
ansS Tor piece of artillery, but they
gould not tell us why the British theory
o9' the use of artillery was by the Brit
,r,l IN preferred to that of the French
lsey could not picture to us barragc
" " neavy howitzers as compared to a
parrage Of 75MM. guns. They could
"oe picture to us the association OF
aircraft, balloons and mobile aircraft
with artillery uses. They could tell us
aoout 1T, but even while they told us
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29

Pershing'. direction, containing so
many mel from the American army,
enriched by captains Of industry and
masters Of technical performance In
this country. all of these large indus
trial operations under general direc-
ton, such as the railroad and dock
buildings. under former vice-presi-
dent and now vice-president perhaps
of the Pennsylvania Railroad-Atter-
bury-ani men of that quality and ea-
perience, summoned in to aid him
those ar, the men who are carrying
forward these operations, which are
quite as extensive as those which arc
carried on over here, and of far
greater difficulty. because it means
getting information by cable as TO
sizes and specifications, having it fab
ricated here and sent across through
those infested three thousand miles of
ocean and then set up on that side.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Erecting Hospitals
Another Big Problem,

''ln addition to that, on the other
side it has been necessary for US 10
build hospitals, and that is where the
major need for hospitals may be. 1t
has been necessary for the surgeon
generals staff to be divided in this
fashion, and to select supplies and pro-
cure materials and to send over STATS
Of trained persons to supervise the
construction of these hospitals and to
man them and equip them.
"All of that has gone on contcmpo-
rancously with the work which has
been done in this country, and then. ia
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29

unnecessary, and yet that is the pre-
caution which military men have OBJ.
served, and | have no further point
TO make in the matter of the number
of troops there than to show, as was
showing when I read that extract, that
our original intention was to make our
military effort in 1918, and in August
OF 1917 Jealous advocate of immcdi-
ate military activity laid down as the
maximum obtainable programme !,
thing which has since been multifold
exceeded.
"Why did we decide to send some
troops to France in 1917? 1t is no Sc
cret. When Marshal Jotfrc came TO
this country from France, when the
British mission came from France
they told us of situation which VIC
had not up to that time fully apprc-
ciated. There had been in France re-
Gently conducted before that an uu-
successful major offensive
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Says Jofre Urged
Sending Engineers

early in this war, when JotIrc was
here and when Balfour was here, they
said to US, 1T may take you some time
to get over to US fighting army, but
you arc Il great industrial country, our
manpowcr is fully engaged in our in
dustrics and in our military enter
priscs. Send over artisans, special en-
gincering regiments, and troops Of a
technical character.
"And although it was not known Acre
at the outset, and only phrase in the
bility, yet in a very short time We had
organized engineering regiments of
railroad men and sent them over there
and were rebuilding behind the lines
OF the British and French the railroads
which were being carried forward with
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29

order that another element may be
added to this Kaleidoscope character
which this war necessarily has. call
your attention to a thing which you
already know. This war had more or
less set character until the Russian
situation changed, and it has changed,
in the last few months. When we had
got more or less used to the situation
created b. the uncertainty as to Rus
sia there came the great Italian de-
feat, which called for even greater
changes in our plans in many ways.
$50 that what might have been per-
fectly acceptable plan as to major op-
erat;ons prior to the change in the
Russian situation. or prior to the
change in the Italian situation. had to
be restudied instantly, and for that
reason. among others, there is now or
ganizcd. as you know. in France. pur-
suant TO the suggestion of Mr.. Lloyd
George, the Rapello Conference Of the
Supreme War Council, and the United
States is represented on that by the
chief of staff of the American army,
and the major international arrange
ments in regard TO the military worked
out there. while General Pcrshing and
his staff of experts are working out
these other uucStiODS
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29

for. a single ordnance repair shop,
which ! saw some time ago, covered
acres and acres of ground, designed
over here, the ironwork fabricated
over, here. built here, dsassembled, put
IN ships and carried abroad to be re-
assembled over there.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Continued from preceding page

..d conc in November or December or
January, Send them, and send them
fast,' and they we're still at homo wait
mo for tai!ors, would have felt a
crushing load of guilt and RESPONSE
h;Iity, which. at least, in comparison
With what | do feel about having called
,hem out. would have been incompara-
.,..eiu Greater.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Impressed on u. S.
Strength of the Foe

:, The ono thing they told US from
nc very beginning to the end, VAS that
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Factories Had to
Learn Nelu Trades

Gas I suggested this morning, when
we went into that market We found it
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Points to Phenomenal
Success of the Draft

"That is a picture of what has bccn
going on over there. gentlemen. On
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29

Continued on Next Page
New-York tribune., 1918-01-29
Sak5 &QumpauY at '''' Street
Broadway
Featured Tuesday on the Fourth Floor
New, Tailor Made Dresses for
Women, at $29.50


innovations that
models Man-taored, perfect fit and careful workmanship
Made of fine quality with Silk collar
II
and stragtne model in Wool Jersey. (oos Pc Beige
Iaupc and Navy
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-06-03
STREET CAR IN
RUNAWAY WHILE
CREW rs AWAY

Horse runaways OCCUR frequent
ly, and even an automobile occa-
sionally takes a little jaunt by it.
self, but it remained for a street
car on the Watertown line to in
troduce the runaway traction car
last night.
Filled with passengers this car
minus its crew ran from Twenty
seventh to Thirty-fourth street,
Moline. 1t was a work car which
had been used in putting a derail-
ed car back on the track, and was
to be used to carry passengers the
remainder of the distance of the
trip. Before the Rotorman and
conductor boarded the car some
one evidently turned the juice on
just a little. for it began slowly to
roll down the track Pressing Il
passing auto into service the car
crew caught up with the elusive
vehicle, but not until it had run
eight blocks, and had been finally
stopped by some thoughtful pas
senger pulling off the trolley. No
damage was done.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-06-03
STRIKERS BACK
| AT OLD PLACES
Two Thousand Men Who Quit PO-
sitiOns at Silvis Shops Because
of Wage Dispute Working.

After a week of turmoil, which
ended in a strike being called last
Friday at noon, because of dissat-
isfaction over the new wage scale,
1000 employees of the Silvis shops
are back on the job again today,
following conferences with federal
, representative Saturday in Rock
Island.
Those working the night trick re-
turned Saturday evening and the
day force resumed it's task this
morning. superintendent S. W.
Mullinix, when interviewed this
morning by representative of The
Argus, said: "Of course I'm glad
that the men are back and that the
work at the shops will not be fur
Their delayed. After the situation
was fully explained to them by John
McManamy, supervisor of equip
ment for the United States railroad
administration, the employees seem
ed entirely satisfied and willing to
leave their case in the hands of the
board on railroad wages and work
ing conditions meeting today In
Washington"
The men are asking an increase
of wages, demanding instead of So
cents an hour, granted under the
award of Director General w. G.
McAdoo, rs cents an hour; an eight
hour day and time and a half for
overtime
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-06-03
CLOSE CALL IN
AUTO ACCIDENT

Pinned for three hours under an
automobile which had turned tur-
tie, Ernest Jericho, Moline drug
rist. and Lee Bradshaw, Fairfield,
Iowa. his brOther-in-law, came near
TO death in an accident which oc-
Cured yesterday morning on a
country road near Wapello, Iowa
Saturday evening at midnight the
two men left the Plow city for Fair
field. When six miles north of Wa
pello a storm broke and in seeking
TO get out of the path of what ap-
peared 10 be a cyclone, Mr.. Jeri-
ChO speeded his machine and fail
ing 10, see a sharp turn in the road,
drove straight into an embankment.
In the crash the car turned over.
The men were being gradually
crushed and for a time it seemed
they would be unable TO escape
from death under the heavy car,
but finally Mr. Jericho manage;
with his pocket knife to dig him
self out and with the aid Of farm
ers secured the release of his rela-
tive. The machine was not dam
aged and the men drove back 70
Moline yesterday Mr.. Jericho had
his clothes burned and was bruised
and scratched. while Mr.. Bradshaw
has q crushed foot.
-gvs.-r 20
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-06-03
CLEAR DEBT AT
BAPTIST CHURCH

During the course of the dedica-
tory exercises held yesterday at
the new $4,000 Baptist church IN
East Moline. a total amount of
81 100 was subscribed by the mem
bers. This entirely clears the
church debt and assures the fu-
tUre success of the congregation
in its new home.
Meeting in the basement of the
Manufacturers bank where SER
vices have been conducted. mem
bers OF the church marched to the
new edifice where at 10 o'clock SER
vices were held in charge of the
Sunday school At II o'clock de-
votional service was conducted bv
the Rev. J. Y. Kennedy with a SER
mon by the Rev. ". c. Monroe Of
Carroll. Iowa. Greetings from the
other denominations of the city
were extended at the services held
at 2:30 in the afternoon by the
Rev. j, V. Kennedy. w. Z. Bickier,
w. f. Mack for the Y. NJ. c. A, Rev.
II. Wilbur BabcOck, Moline, Rev. ].
c. Granger. Rock Island. The dedi-
catory service proper took place at
7:45 in the evening with DR.. Z. p.
Brand of Normal in charge.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-06-03
CITY PLUMS ARE
TO BE UP AGAIN
BEFORE COUNCIL,

There's every indication that
I something will be doing at the
meeting of the East Moline CITY
council this evening.
First, there is the matter Of the
passing out Of city plums. Mayor
George f. Johnson attempted TO do
this at the last session OF the CITY
dads, but the anti-administratio
forces were able by a vote OF 5 to 3
10 table the matter and refuse con-
firmatiOn.
Under this situation, unless SEN
timent swings, the appointments
may be held up. Indefinitely. but
still the mayor has the upper hand,
since he is able, under the powers
conferred upon him by law, to re-
tain IN office his appointees from
one meeting TO another. II is ex-
pected Mayor Johnson will use this
authority to the fullest extent in
resisting attacks OF the opposition,
so that an interesting state OF af-
fairs is expected.
Ordinances relative TO guards at
railway crossings working until II
O'Clock at night instead OF quitting
at 8 o'clock; concerning a new
Rock Island depot; and calling for
roOming houses 10 be licensed, are
TO be up for consideration.
It is also expected some action
will be taken relative to the con-
tract for collection of garbage by
the TTi-City Garbage Disposal COM
pany, for the sum of $1,000 a year.
rrrr-
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-06-03
Police News

W. I. Taze, cashier of the Manu-
facturer's State bank of East Mo-
line, was arrested in Moline yes
terday afternoon on a charge OF
SPEEDING. Ray Liecveldt. the motor
cycle officer, alleges that Mr.. Taze
was driving an automobile SO
miles an hour. 1t happened, &C
cording to Liesveldt. on Fifth ave-
nue., near Fortieth street.
Two others, Warner Duffin and A.
L. Wilson, both of Rock Island,
were placed under arrest by Lies
veldt yesterday afternoon. Taze,
Duffin and Wilson will be arraigned
in police court at z this evening.