davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08
TRACTORS TO PREPARE SOIL
Endeavor Being Made to Solve Farm
Problem and Increase Crop
Production.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF Agriculture.)
The Maryland and New York state
councils Of defense have been endeav-
oring to assist In solving the farm
labor problem and increasing the pro-
duction Of crops in those states by
making a limited number of tractors
available to farmers for use in COM
munities where the conditions render
ed this practicable. Last spring the
New York state council of defense
purchased a number Of tractors to be
used in blowing and preparing land for
crops, These outfits were made avail.
able to responsible organizations In
the principal agricultural counties
with the understanding that a consid.
erably increased acreage of land would
be planted to crops over the amount
normally planted. Last fall the state
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08
HOW TO MAKE COMPOST HEAP
Not Usually Economical Where Gen.
eral Farming 10 PraetIeed-Too
Much Work Required.
prepared by the United States Depart.
ment OF ARriculture.)

! prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF Agriculture.)
Composing manure is not usually
economical where general farming ID
done. 1t requires too much labor; be-
sides, the manure will ordinarily give
better results when scattered directly
on the ground and plowed or narrowed
in. 1t is advised only where coarse ma
terials need to be put in better condi-
ton. 1t is also advisable for truckers
and gardeners.
By the compost heap the farmer is
able to multiply his available manur
MANIFOLD. He should remember that
anything of vegetable or animal origin
is a valuable fertilizer If put in proper
condition. The compost heap is n
means of doing this. One ton of leaves
contains Is pounds Of nitrogen, 81
pounds of phosphoric acid, and 6
pounds of potash.
In actual practice It is safe to as
sumo that half Of their values are
available; but 1t is only after under
going decomposition that these values
are available.
Locate the compost heap In an old
shed, or build a shed, with any kind
Of cheap material for a roof. Spread
On the ground a layer of stable manur
8 by 10 feet, Q inches deep. Over this
spread 100 pounds Of acid phosphate.
or ground phosphate rock. The phos-
plate rock answers as well as the acid
phosphate. Continue these alternate
layers until the manure Is used up or
until the pile has become ineonvenI
emily high. To these layers might be
added straw, leaves. mold, or other 1T
ter, adding 100 pounds ground phos-
plate rock to each ton Of material
used. Be sure to wet all thoroughly.
When the compost heap is completed,
cover II about 4 inches deep with good
loan or with forest mold.
When applying 2 tons per acre or
less, the best results can be obtained
By putting the compost in the furrow
and bedding out on 1t. Be careful not
to bury too deep, especially on clay
soils. When using more than 2 tons
per acre 1t is better to scatter broad
cast.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08

As the supply of breeding sows was
short last fall the breeding ranks will
have to be filled to a considerable X
tent with gifts from the feed lots.
These gifts will not produce quite 81
large filters as mature sows may ba
expected to produce. Therefore, farm
ers using gifts should breed slightly
above the prescribed quotas in order
to insure the requisite increase.
Program Outlined.
Attention should be given to the fact
that this program has been carefully
worked out according to the known re-
quirements for 1918. II 1t Is met In
every detail, these requirements viii
be fulfilled. II the farmer breeders Of
the various states do not reach the
quotas set forth for them, a more acute
shortage Of pork products will result
than now prevails, extremely high
prices for hams, bacon, and lard will
prevail and only a few will benefit,
the consumer suffering from extremely
high prices and q shortage of neces-
sary animal fats. On the other hand,
If the program Is carried out, a market
is provided for about one-third Of the
1917 corn crop, the demands on the
country for pork products can be met
without strain, prices to the producer
will be r%emunerative, and those paid
by the consumer should be reasonable.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08
PROFIT FROM MUSKRAT FARM
Animals Are Easily Kept, Become Very
Tame and Breed Well In Mar.
row Quarters.
prepared by the United States Depart.
ment OF A~griculture.)

prepared by the United States Depart.
ment OF Agriculture.)
If many Of the swamps and marsh
lands which are now occupied by musk
rats are reclaimed for agricultural pur-
poses 1t may be necessary to start
"muskrat farming" In order to supply
the demand for muskrat fur, Is the
opinion Of biologists of the United
States department of agriculture. For
the present, however, a sufficient num-
Der of muskrats to meet demands for
their fur are trapped from marshes
and swamps that are, for the most
part, unprotected, millions of skins be-
ing taken each year. So long as the
natural breeding places remain undis-
turbed and reasonable closed seasons
are maintained, the biologist say, there
is little likelihood Of the numbers of
the animals being depleted. This is
because these animals multiply much
more rapidly than most other fur
bearers. With adequate protection in
the breeding season and with the pres
ent habitat available, from ten to
twelve million pelts can be taken In
North America annually without deple-
ton Of the supply.
The ~practicability of muskrat farm
Ing already has been demonstrated
The animals are easily kept, become
very tame, and breed we'll in narrow
quarters. Under present economic con-
ditions, however; keeping muskrats on
preserves Is mor practicable than
keeping them In restricted quarters.
The former plan is In remunerative
operation in the Chesapeake Bay re-
gidn. In Dorchester county, Nd, marsh
land formerly considered almost use
less, and nov used as muskrat pre-
serves, is worth more, measured by
actual income, than cultivated lands
In the same vicinity. The owner Of
one 1,800-acre tract Of marsh, took in
two seasons-19G9 and 1e10-more
than 1900 pelts which sold for more
than $4,000.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08
BENEFITS OF TESTING SEED
Indiana County Agent Makes surpris-
Ing Discovery In Talk to Farm.
ers-Mueh Corn Wasted.

prepared by the United States Depart.
ment Of A~griculture)
A county agent in Indiana was hold
ing a meeting not long ago where the
production of corn was being discussed.
He found that only 3 per cent of the
men attending had tested their seed
corn the previous year, but at the close
Of the meeting when the benefits Of
good seed corn had been outlined about
40 per cent promised to test their corn
before planting this spring. Further
questioning among those present
brought out the fact that 80 per cent
Of the corn which had been selected
for seed from the crib early last spring
Just before planting did not grow.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08
SALT CORN TO RETARD HEAT
Acts Not Only as P~reservatlve but Aids
In Drawing Out Water Which
Then Evaporates.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment OF Agriculture.)
Owing to the large amount Of soft
corn that was harvested last fall, spe-
cial ARE should be given to prevent
1t from heating in the crib. Corn that
has already been cribbed without sort
ing should be worked over during
weather unfit for husking. This is es-
pecially true If stored in large cribs
without special ventilation. Corn in
large, broad cribs freezes during the
winter months and while frozen ap-
pears to be dry. Investigations, how
ever, have shown that corn In such
cribs dries out little until the weather
begins to warm up In the spring. With
the excessive moisture In the soft.
frosted, and immature corn II is prac-
tically certain that there will be fur
Their spoilage and heating Of the soft
corn as the weather warns up.
The sailing Of ear corn In cribs wiz
retard and in many cases prevent heat
ing. The sall acts not only as a pre-
sentative but aids In drawing the water
from the corn. which then evaporates
II the corn Is stored in weIl-yentilated
cribs so that the air can circulate free
ly through IL. The United States has
carried on no special experiments with
salted corn. but the quantity Of salt
recommended ranges from one to two
barrels per 1000 bushels Of corn. This
condition, however, win not apply to
corn stored In elevator bins
where q free circulation Of air through
ne corr Is impossible. Shelled corn
= high moisture content should be ar
dneisly dried
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08
GREEN MANUREs MAKE HUMUs
Cowpeas, Velvet Beans, Glover, Buck
wheat and Sorghum Are Good
Crops for Purpose.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture.)
II has been found beneficial to pillow
under green crops on depleted soils
or soils deficient In humus. Among
the best crops for this purpose may
be named cowpeas, velvet beans, clo-
yer, buckwheat, and sorghum. 0rdi-
narlly the crops should be allowed to
reach maturity before turning under.
1t is not a good practice to turn under
a heavy green crop Immediately be-
fore planting another crop, especially
small grain.
A cover crop is usually sown late In
the season, after the main crop is out
Of the way. Oats, rye and crimson clo-
yer are most commonly used for this
purpose. They are own in the cotton
or corn at the time of the last working
and make some growth during the au-
tumn and early spring. They serve
the double purpose Of adding humus
and of preventing soil erosion. The
cover crop should be plowed under at
seast two weeks before the time for
planting the next crop. Green-manure
crops are helpful In improving the me-
chanical condition and rendering avail
able the plant food already In the soil.
It is hoped that the value Of farm
manures has been made sufficiently
evident and that more farmers will
give attention to the saving Of them.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08
.HAND.PICk BEAN
SEED ISFAVORED
Most Effective Method to Reduce
Amount of Disease.
PLAN TO SECURE BEST STAND
termination Test Should Be Made
During Winter Months When
Other Work on Farm Is Slack
Good Method Outlined.

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture.)
Bean anthracnose and blight are
carried ver from year to year in the
seed. The most effective method to
reduce the amount of disease, accord
Ing to the United States department of
agriculture, is by manipulating the
seed very carefully before planting.
This will eliminate most of the spot
ted, discolored, shriyeled, understood,
and cracked beans, and does a great
deal toward insuring a uniform stand.
A termination test Of the seed will In
dictate whether a good stand is likely
to result. This work should be done
during the winter months when work
is slack and before the spring rush
begins,
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08
BUILD A FISH POND

At little expense a great many
farms are so situated that fish
ponds may be constructed. and
with the help OF the FISH commits
sion al Washington these ponds
can be stocked with the choicest
table fish.
With some little care a boun-
tiful supply Of meat products
may be secured from this source.
Every fish eaten Is that much
gain In solving the present prob
lem Of living. The food prod
nets Of the land are conserved
by eating those Of the streams.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08

council Of defense Of Maryland bought
a small number of tractors for a SINH
lar purpose.
The results thus far have proven so
satisfactory that plans are under way
to continue the use Of the tractors In
the preparation Of land for spring
crops.
In addition to meeting an emergency
the use of the tractors has resulted In
the purchase Of a number of them by
Individual farmers and groups Of farm.
ers.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08
CATTLE ADAPTED TO SOUTH
Pasture Season Is Long and Feed Is
Produced at Minimum cost-Lit-
tie Shelter Needed.

prepared by the United States Depart
meut Of AUieuiture)
There Is no section Of the country
which can produce cattle more cheaply
than the South. for the lands are stll
cheap. the grazing Is good. the pasture
aso Is long feed can be produced
at a minimum cost and inexpensive
shelter only Is required for the animals
euring the winter months
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08
FOWLS MUST HAVE EXERCISE
Grain Scattered IN Clean Litter Makes
Hens Hustle for Feed-Thls
Promotes Health.

Provide four or FIVE inches Of good,
clean litter on the door Of the poultry
house in which TO scatter the grain
feed. The hens must exercise In order
to get on the grain. and this promotes
health and egg production
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08
Process Is lust as Technical as
Manufacture Of Piece Of
Cotton Cloth
MILK IS SKINNED ON FARM
Cream 10 Tested, Pasteuri,sd, Cooled
and "RIpened" Before churaIne-
Disease Germs and Bee.
terra Destroyed


This Is the story Of creamery
butter-the steps In the manu-
facture Of the high-grade prod
uct which comes to your table
each week.. Taking this food
for granted. you probably have
not realized the rather intricate
and technical process through
which 1t passes from milk to the
finished product. II this story
win inspire a sympathy which
leads to a moro careful and con-
sentative use Of butter 1t will
have served its purpose.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08
SPREAD MANURE ON FIELDS
Best and Most Economical Way to
Handle FertIllzer-No Loss Where
Soil Doesn't Wash.

The best and most economical way
to handle Is to draw the ma
nure out to the fields as fast as
made. and spread II. II the ground
Is not liable to wash badly and Is not
Of a leachy character, there win be
no loss Of fertility.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08
Secure Cleaner Crop.

By removing all discolored and spot
ted beans the source Of infection will
be greatly reduced, and the result will
be a cleaner crop. The weather con-
ditions determine to a certain extent
the severity Of bean anthracnose and
blight, but If all diseased seeds are
removed the grower will be insured
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08
MAKE THE sows EXERCISE.

One Of the biggest hindrances
to the narrowing Of good, strong.
vigorous filters Is lack Of exer-
else for the sows. During cold
and snowy weather hogs like to
lie around the sleeping quarters
and be comfortable. That, how.
ever. is not what they should do
all Of the time. The proper ex-
ercise for a brood SOW Is that
which she will take voluntarily
and not through force. She
should get her corn ration by
hustling for IT In the stalk fields
and not by getting 1t around the
sleeping quarters on feeding
floors. or In troughs. Protein
feeds In the form Of shorts,
tankage. oil meal, or alfalfa hay
should be supplied.
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08

technical apparatus used in a creamery
the operator Of the factory must neces-
sarily be q technically trained man,
and In fact many are graduates Of spe-
cial courses at the state agricultural
colleges. On account OF the large and
expensive machinery required the
creamery business demands the invest
ment Of considerable capital. The small
country creamery may possibly be
built and equipped for less than s10r
900. but many OF the larger plants cost
more than 100000
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08

pacity of 1000 or more pounds Of but
ter. Although commonly called churns,
they really r combined churns and
workers, because. unlike home butter
making, the butter is both churned
and worked In the machine.
The churn is filled only one-third or
one-half full SO that when revolved
the cream which is carried up by the
motion OF the churn has plenty Of
room to fall. The conclusion thus pro
duced causes the minute globules Of
butterfat to gather into granules Of
butter. When the churn is stopped
after having been run for about an
hour granules Of butter about the size
Of grains Of wheat or corn will be
floating on the surface Of the butter.
milk. Then the buttermilk Is drawn
of through O hole In the bottom of the
churn and the butter granuies washed
with pure. cold water. After draining,
salt is added to the granular butter
which is still in the churn.
The big wooden rollers are then put
into gear, the churn started and the
butter worked In the churn until the
salt Is all dissolved and the butter has
a waxy body. The butter is removed
and packed into tubs or made into
pound prints and put into cartons in
the form in which 1t goes to the con.
sumner.
Many Scientific Tests Made.
Many creameries have well-equipped
laboratories In which the numerous
scientific tests that are a part of the
creamery business are made. A sam
pie Of every can of cream that is re-
cefVed is tested by means of the Bah
cock test In order to determine the
per cent Of butterfat. By this means
the pounds Of butterfat for which the
farmer is to be paid Is determined.
The sourness or acidity Of the cream
or milk is determined by means Of
another test which involves the use Of
carefully celebrated glassware. In or
der that the buttermaker may be able
to turn out butter having approximate
ly the same composition day after day
he tests a sample OF butter from each
churnlng for moisture and salt. Both
Of these tests require skillful work
manshlp and the use OF delicate scales.
Because OF the highly specialized and
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08

The process Of manufacturing
creamery butter in a modern factory Is
Just as technical as the manufacture
of a piece Of cotton cloth. In most In
stances the milk is SKINNED on the
farm by means of a hand-operated GEN.
trifugal separator, which extracts the
cream much more efficiently than the
old-time gravity system. The cream
may be hauled to the creamery by the
farmer or It may be shipped In from q
farm 100 or more miles away.
As the cans Of cream arrive they are
inspected and sampled In order to de-
termine their value for buttermaking.
The cream is then poured into huge
watts holding 300. 900. or more gallons,
IN each Of which is a coil, or similar
device, that when put In motion agi-
tates the ream and thoroughly mixes
II. Hot water and steam can be turned
into these coils 10 heat the cream.
In many creamerles the cream Is heat
ed In this way to a temperature Of
about 145 degrees F. held at that tenn
perature for about 50 minutes and
then cooled. The process is known as
pasteurization. The object is to kill
any disease germs that may be In the
ream and to destroy nearly all other
bacteria. This protects the health of
the consumer. improves the keeping
properties Of the butter. and enables
the creameryman to control the ripen-
ing Of the cream and develop the prop
q favor; II also insures a Uniform
flavor In the butter.
A Starter Produces Flavor.
BY running cold water through the
coils In the vat the cream is cooled to
q temperature Of between 90 and 10
degrees T., and then a quantity of
starter Is added to produce the flavor.
The starter is a culture containing
many millions Of ~lactic-acid bacteria
grown In p~asteurized skim milk until
the milk has soured and curdled. The
lactie-acid bacteria produce the desir-
able flavor In ripened-cream butter.
When the cream Is sufficiently ripened
OF soured II Is cooled 10 a temperature
u between 40 and 60 degree +. and
held at that temperature for two hours
or more, after which II Is Into one
Of the huge ehurns which have q en-
The Fayette falcon. (Somerville, Tenn.) 190?-current, 1918-03-08

prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture,)
The United States department Of ag-
riculture urges every farmer to do his
personal share toward increasing pork
production in 1918 by Is per cent
throughout the United States. A re-
port OF the bureau Of crop estimates
shows that there is a decrease In the
number Of hogs In the United States
In T917. as compared to 1916. Another
report, by the same authority, shows
the,e is g marked increase in the corn
crop of 1917 as compared to that of
1915, amounting to nearly "a per cent.
There Is also an increase in the crop
Of oats, barley and rye. To increase
the production of live stock, especially
hogs, therefore, is clearly the duty Of
American farmers to themselves and
to the nation.
Pork to Meet Demands.
OF q normal corn crop, rs to so per
cent is fed. When the crop Is greatly
increased above normal, q still greater
proportion must be fed. In view of
this situation the United States depart
ment Of agriculture has worked out a
program asking for an increase Of Is
per cent in pork production to meet the
demands Of the country for domestic
consumption and for export require
ments.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-05-27
Allied FLAG. to be Used.

Allied Flags to be Used.
new feature of the parade will be
the marching of allied groups in pla-
toon formation Flags of all the al
lied nations at war will be displayed.
There are some twenty of them
Old soldiers and veterans of the
Spanish war. the Uncle Sam drum
corps, the Community band. Elks and
other organizations that usually take
part in these parade are invited by
the committee in charge to again pre-
sent themselves at 6:15 a m. at the
Elks building. Special invitation is ex-
tended to old soldiers.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-05-27
OFFICIAL COUNCIL
PROCEEDINGS
Social Ordinance No. 4es.

Special ordnance NO. ago.
Being an ordinance entitled An
ordinance vacaring that part OF d
street in Ford's addition to the City
of Keokuk- lying between the south,
erly line OF Railroad street and the
Mississippi river. and authorizing a
| conveyance of the same" was pre-
scented to the council It was moved
| and seconded that the rules be sus-
pended and said special ordinance
No. 1876 be placed upon its passage.
carried
It was moved b. Councilman
Hickey. seconded by Councilman
Hemmy. that said special ordinance
No 4S6. which read as follows:
SPECIAL ORDINANCE NO. 1876.
An ordinance vacating that part Of
M street in Ford's Addition to the
City of keokuk. lying between the
southerly line Of Railroad street and
the Mississippi river. and authorizing
q conveyance Of the same
Be it Ordained By the City Coun-
Gil of the City Of Keokuk, Iowa:
Section l. That tie City OF Keo-
kuk hereby vacates that part and por-
ton OF M" street in Ford's Addition
to the City OF Keokuk. Iowa, which
lies between the southerly line of
Railroad street and the Mississippi
river in said Ford's Addition to the
City Of Keokuk
Section 2 That the City Of Keo-
k1k hereby grants and conveys unto
the Keokuk Electro-Metals Company,
corporation, its grantees, success
sors and assigns, that part Of m"
street In Ford's Addition to the City
OF keokuk, Iowa, which lies between
the southerly line OF Railroad street
and the Mississippi river in said
F'ord's Addition to the City Of Keokuk
Section 3. That the Mayor OF the
City Of Keokuk, Ed S. Lotion. be and
he is hereby authorized on behalf OF
said City of Keokuk to execute a
conveyance to the Keokuk Electro
Metals Company for that part Of M" |
street so vacated and described in !
Section 9 hereof
Secoion T. That this ordinance |
shall be Published in TIE Daily Gate
City, a newspaper of general circula- |
ton in the City OF KeoEuE, and the 4
same shall take effect from and after
its publication and ten (1O) days after
its final passage.
Section 5. All ordinances and parts
OF ordinances in conflict with the pro
visions hereof are hereby repealed
Passed this 18Th day Of Nay, 4 D 1
1918.
Ron call:
Aye-Lofton, Hickey. Kenny.
Nay-None
Total voting aye: Three; total rot
ing nay: 0.
ED. s LOTION,
Mayor.
o. ". SANDBEEG.
City Clerk
be passed and adopted Carried by
the following vote:
Aye-Lofton, Kenny. Hickev
Ed s. LOTION.
attest: Mayor.
0. W. SANDBERG, City Clerk.
It was ordered that special ortfn-
ance No 1876. remain on file and