davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18
OTTAWA GOES OVER;
SUBSCR|BES QUOTA;
GOES ON HONOR ROLL
CLARENCE GRiGGS ANNOUNCES
TOTAL OF ss2s,77t.s0 HAS BEEN
RAiSED-MORE SUBSCRIPTIONS
ARE NEEDED BY SATURDAY.

Ottawa went over the top today and
made good upon its Fourth Liberty
Loan quota Of $S26,771.9o. There was
S2S,97l90 remaining TO be subscribed
on Thursday. This has been raised
and $3,52S90 over.
The amounts subscribed Thursday
We're as follows,
Ottawa b. d T. Co. $l6,650
National City Bank. k.......... G,750
First National ............... 1850
Peoples T. & S...,........ l50
Total .........,......... $2I stu
Today's subscriptions up to noon
added $4,000. as follows;
First National Bank. ........ $1,000
Ottawa b. 4 1850
National City Bank ... $50
Out of the total voluntary subscrip-
tons credited to Ottawa between Sl4
000 and $l5,000 must be taken from
this amount and given to the districts
where the subscriber resides So that
while Ottawa is over the top in
amount of subscriptions thus far cred
tied we will be short the amount
given to the districts where Chair.
man Griggs believes it properly be
longs
Tomorrow is expected to be an.
other big day and it is hoped there
will be no let up on the part of those
who have not done their duty toward
the government and toward them.
selves. While we are going over the
top we want to 20 over good am
strong and show to our neighbors
that We are supporting the boys on
the front with our dollars and plenty
OF them.
Remember tomorrow is the final
day. If you have taken out a bond
and can afford more don't hesitate. II
you have failed to get your name on
the honor roll this will be the last
opportunity to make yourself a real
honest patriot. Don't wait till the
last minute.
Central Life Subscribes $65,000.
Two large plus subscriptions for the
Liberty Loan have been made dur
ing the past two days, Yesterday
afternoon the Central Life Insurance
Company, to help Ottawa 90 over the
top, made a plus subscription of Sl5
600 Previous to this the company
had purchased $4,000 worth Of bonds
This afternoon Lorenzo LelanC
made plus subscription of $4,000
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18
MEETING OF COMMITTEE
N HELD YESTERDAY
AFTERNOON
PLAN IS ENDORSED
LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEE IS
AUTHORIZED TO GO TO ALL
LIMITS AND EXPOSE SLACkERS.

The laSalle County Liberty Loan
Association is not going to stand for
the shrking on the part of people
who are able to subscribe for Liber-
ty bonds and at meeting of the La
Sale County Branch of the State
Council OF Defense the committee
was authorized to give publicity tc
those who are not doing their full
duty
The following resolution was adopt
ed.
Resolved. by the La Sale
q County Branch OF the State Coun.
Gil Of Defense here assembled
First, that it APPROVES Of the
campaign and methods adopted
by the La Sale County Liberty
Loan Organization to secure sub
scriptions to the various Liberty
Loan issues Of the United States
and particularly the Fourth Lib.
crty Loan,
Second that il stands back OF
and endorses any move on the
part Of the La Sale County Libcr-
ty loan Organization even to the
extent Of giving publicity that
may be necessary so that every
citizen Of this county shall own
his fair share. That citizens who
have not done so may not hide
behind a Liberty Loan button
that does not represent the fair
share as conditions named above.
Banks Of the County are request
ed to have on hand sufficient
number Of bonds to supply their
respective districts so that same
may be furnished slackers next
week. next month Of next year.
La Sale County Liberty Lear
Organization.
GEO. A. WILSON.
County Chairman.
The above resolution speaks ioi
itself. Statements have been made
in the papers that such a course wouC
be adopted First it was conceded
mere bluff. but if Ottawa is not over
the top today some OF those who
have money piled up in the bank
will hear something drop.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18
'GOODNETTER ESTATE
VAL LUED AT $4,000

Letters of administration were
granted in the Probate Court this
morning to Mary ]. Goodnetter for
the estate of her husband, Joseph c.
Goodnetter. His estate. which in
cludes a stock of dry goods and cash
in the bank, was valued at $4,000
The widow and one daughter, Mary
Beatrice. were named us heirs
Mrs Gooinetter filed her bond as
administrative at $4,000
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18
WASHING THE STREETS
DROWNING THE GERMS

Ottawa streets are getting their
first regular bath in several weeks.
In order to drown the influenza mic
robe the fire department was direct
ed to wash down the streets. This
work is being done very thoroughly.
The big fire hose is pulled from block
to block by Geo Stevenson in his
little red wagon and each block OF
the street is given a good washing.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18
DR.. S. {. PARR RECEIVES
COMMISSION IN ARMY

DR.. S. f. Parr received letter
from the war department at Wash.
ington yesterday afternoon informing
him chat he had been given commits.
sion in the medical corps of the
United States army. The letter did
not say what the commission would
be, but informed DR.. parr that he
would be notified by telegraph and
would have fifteen days after that be
fore reporting for service.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18
MAN KILLED As he
FORCES ENTRANCE.
TO HOME NEAR UTICA
MRS. M. /. TATE, WIDOW RESiD-
ING NEAR UTICA, SHOOTS JOHN
RElLLEY AS HE FORCES EN-
TRANCE TO HER HOME AT MID
NiGHT-FOUND DEAD AT DAY
LIGHT.

John Reilley, a farm hand VIII
formerly worked around Utica, wa
shot and instantly killed shortly aftef
midnight while attempting to force
his way into the home of Mrs l.. NJ
Tate, a widow living five miles north
east of Utica. The fatal shot, wdels
was fired by Mrs. Tate from her 3.
calibre revolver, was one of four fire
to frighten the man away, and ii wa
not until daylight that Mrs Tate
knew her shot had taken effect.
The sheriff and his officers have
been unable to discover HhethE
Reilley had visited the home either Il
rob the occupants or for a more vi
terror motive, but it is thought he
was under the influenceof liquor al
the time Of the tragedy
Reilley had worked as farm hanl
on the Tate farm about two years
ago, and during the past season haa
been working as a laborer arount
Camp Grant He came to the house
last evening about midnight and de
man1ed to be allowed to enter. Mrs
Tate. who is a widow, was in thg
house with her mother.in-law aud a
farm hand named Mccarthy A
three Of them begged Reilley 60 So.
away, and a few minutes after &c
manding admission Reiley begaa
hammering in the windows with a.
AK, which he had found N the Tat
back yard
He smashed Mrs Tate's bedroom
window, the kitchen window and ther
went to the kitchen door, hitting i
with so much force that both tn,
screen door an1 the door We're broken
All the time he was working he wa
demanding admission and vowing hJ
would kill all three occupants Of the
house and get every thing they pos
sessed as soon as he gained admis
sion.
Mrs. Tate begged him to go ava,
and threatened to shoot him if he di.
not. She got her 32 calibrc reyoNC
and fired four shots into the darkness
thinkingto trighten him away. On
of the shots struck him in the leI
side, just below the heart, and it j
supposed to have killed him in
stantly.
After firing the shots no noise wa
heard on the outside, and the rio i
The house Thought they had fright
ened the woud.be murderer away
shortly after o'clock Mrs. Tat
called Sheriff Davis and begged hi
TO come out in the country and cate.
Reilley. The sheriff promised to conn
as soon as she came to town and ug
ferred charges against The man
At daylight Mrs Tate was greet.
by a ghastly sight Reilley was lyin
across the porch. with the aX lylu
where it had fallen across his body
Sheriff Davis was at once notile
and he and States Attorney Viii
went to Utica and met Coroner Dong5
hue. They made a trip to the Ia.
home, where they found Reiley ST.
lying as he had fallen on the pore
In one of his pockets a large stou
was found, which he had taken W
him to hep accomplish his foul pv
pose.
Mrs. Tate was questioned by the u
tcers, who were soon convinced III.
the bullets had been fired in selfd.
Tense, and the body was ordered u
moved to the Case undertaking pa
lors, where the coroner's inquest wt
be held tomorrow afternoon at
o'clock.
Rpilley was about ~ years old ur
formerly lived in Utica where b
mother now resides.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18
ANNOUNCE NAMES
OF THE 125 MEN
FOR CAMP NJ ARTHUR.
MEN WHO WILL LEAVE FOR
TEXAS CAMP MONDAY ARE Sc.
LECTED BY LOCAL BOARD
LARGE NUMBER OF FARMERS.


nounced the names OF the 125 men
who will leave for Camp Macarthur,
Waco. Texas, on next Monday after
noon OF this number fifty-six are
Ottawa men. There are a very large
percentage of farmers in this incre-
ment.
They will be mobihzed on Monday
morning at O'Clock at the armory
and will leave Ottawa in the after
noon at l:10 on a special train on the
Rock Island,
Minor A Pry. Mendoza, farmer.
Elmer Riyeland, R. 90, Seneca,
farmer
Thomas Joseph Connolly, R. 26,
Utica farmer
Glen E. Brown. r. 33, Ottawa,
farmer.
Leon F. Levy. S23 Clinton street
Ottawa, druggist
Paul s. Sandwich. r. 81, care A. e.
Varland, Ottawa, farmer.
Fred Severen Twait, Box 62 iSher-
idan, farmer.
Ludwig Larson, R. 2, Sheridan,
farmer.
Dewey II. Bowers, r. F. d.. Mar
seilles, farmer.
Arthur John Wald. r. 3. Leland,
FARMER.
Delbert c. Peters, Wedron, farmer.
Henry Sanders, Marseilles, laborer.
Nels Nelson, care Ben Larson. K.
81, Ottawa. farmer.
Frank J. Fullerton, r. 2S, Ottawa,
farmer.
Joseph NJ. Maierhofer, Seneca,
farmer.
Theodore Thompson, care T- A.
Danielson, Sheridan, farmer.
Henry j. Benard Sheridan. farmer.
Edgar Cameron, Utica, farmer.
Forest S. Lerette, Marseilles. la,
borer.
Orvil Latimer. R. 2, care L. Black
burn, Moores Hill, Ind farmer
Edward Thompson 220 South Elm
street Pontiac. farmer.
Edward Oberstar r. 2S, Ottawa,
lneman.
Joseph H. B. Einhaus, Morris road,
Seneca, cobbler
Arthur l.. Lindstedt, care Am. Ry.
Exp. Co., Rockford, brakeman.
Louis Sylvester Goff, r. 2S, care
Oscar Eide, Ottawa, farmer,
Donald +. Brady, r. 27. Ottawa, mo-
torman.
George Fred Wilhelm, r. 80, Men
dota, farmer
Delmar Mayhem Anderson, 507
| Guthrie, Ottawa, bookkeeper.
Frederick Charles Heiser, r. 2S, OF
tawa, fireman.
John Harold Schartlein, Mendoza
brakeman.
William Bryan Smith, GAS West
Main, Ottawa, laborer
Joseph Rayman Hall, X. 80, Ottawa
farmer.
Claude Hazemann, r. AZ, Leland
farmer.
John Anderson, R. 3, care Jacot
! Ryg, Ottawa, farmer
Lyle NJ Colwell. 631 Congress, OF
tawa, student
David Erhart Hultmark, Seneca
painter
Reuben Eugene Humer iii Wal
nut, Ottawa, pressman.
Roy Hubert Butler. Clinton street
Ottawa, railroad work.
John Patrick OConnor, 9li Mul
berry Ottawa, brakeman.
Wilbur Nelson, r. Sc, Marseilles
farmer.
Farley Bright, Mendoza, machinist
Frank Edward Holmes. $50 Eas
: Superior, Ottawa, engineer
John Joseph Mooney. 634 Michigan
Ottawa laborer
Arthur Benedict, r. 2s, La Sale
farmer.
William Bryan Hinkson, r. 80, Of
tawa, farmer.
Harold Burgess Dicken r. 33. O
tawa, farmer
John Patrick Fitzgerald. Il. A, Ear
vile, farmer
Clarence Scheppler, Sheridan, raj
! road watchman.
Clarence Joseph O'Rourke K. a
B Earlvlle. farmer
5 William Joseph Boyle, S3l Ea'
. Michigan, Ottawa, clerk
u George Oren Hitchins, r. 81, Me-
1 dota, farmer
% willard Leo Williamson, H. 5
u Marseiles, farmer.
% $50
tCnnf ipnpH an nnI
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18
Amethysts.

The best amethysts are brought from
Cambay, in India, and from Siberia.
Ceylon and Persia The chief supply
OF the blue turquoise Is drawn from the
peninsula Of Sinai, the great mining
district Of the ancient Egyptians.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18

Small causes are sufficient to make
n man uneasy when great ones are
not in the way; for want of block
he Will stumble at strnw.-Swlft.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18
Call for Nurses.

Volunteer nurses with only slight
experience are asked to come to the
Boa Club Hospital There are MIN
patients and nurses are urgently
needed Please report at once am
telephone Mrs. W. W Nash at j0i.R
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18
PNEUMONIA DEATH STATE BOARD Of
TOLL IFOUR DURING HEALTH ORDERS
THE PAST "a HOURS PRIVATE FUNERALS
CARL r. ORSlNGER, WELL KNOWN
BAKER, D,ES--SECONO DEATH
IN FAMILY OF WAH HOP IN
PAST FOUR DAYS.
DETROIT Ne VS.

Four deaths occurred in Ottawa dur
ing the night and today from pneu.
monia The epidemic is on the de-
crease and only a few new cases
wee reported today by the local
physicians, However, the cases of in
fuenza which are developing into
pneumonia are still very numerous,
and the death toll of the epidemic is
far from complete Many Ottawans
were lowering between life and death
today
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18
Carl r. Orsinger.

So'' - VI oiI'SC''
Carl F. Orsinger, aged Is years. well
known Ottawa business man and pro
prietor of the Orsinger bakery on
West. Main street, died last evening at
645 o'clock at his home, after a two
weeks illness of pneumonia.
The decedent was born in Ottawa
and had resided here during his en-
tire life. He possessed the faculty Of
making and holding friends, and will
be greatly missed both in the bust
ness circles of the city and by his
numerous friends.
His marriage to Miss Elizabeth
Adrian of La Sale took place in that
city eight years ago Since then the
couple have resided at 1924 West
Main street.
Surviving he leaves his widow, one
daughter, Rolene, aged 6 years; his
mother, Mrs. Carl Orsinger Sr.; two
sisters, Mrs. Edward Ricco of this
city and Mrs. Charles Ansler of Peru,
and two brothers, Chris Orsinger OF
Chicago and Fred Orsinger OF Crane
Rapids, Mich.
The funeral service will be held
/ Sunday afternoon from the family
home and burial will be made in the
Ottawa Avenue cemetery.
Second Daughter OF Wah Hop Dies.
| Ollie Hop. second daughter of Wal
Hop, died last evening at the family
home, Clio Court street, after a short
illness of Spanish influenza. which de
velopei into pneumonia This is III,
second death to occur in the Hol
family during the past four lays. the
oldest daughter, Lille Bell Hop. dyini
, Sunday evening after two days i'll
ness.
Another daughter Mollie Hop, win,
accompanied the remains of her sis
ter Lille to New Boston, H., 70
burial, is seriously i'll there. suifernl
. from the disease which has proyel
fatal to her two sisters.
!. The decedent wa sborn in Slater
Mo-. twenty.three years ago, and re
, sided there until four years ago, whe
the family moved to Ottawa. He
t mother died thirteen years ago las
April
!. Surviving she leaves her fathe,
one sister Mamie and three brother,
!, Harry of Camp Macarthur. Waco
Texas; Simmons Of the United State
-
lrontinusd nm mare 2 column a
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18
GERMAN REPORTS SAY
KAISER TO Be DEPoSE')
OF POWER To MAkEWk3

tro-German army, said Central News dispatch
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18
=
WEATHER

E1rtiy ei0udy to1ir
a7d Saturday rot ngCk
change in temperature.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18

Continued on page 3, col u
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18

Continued on page 8, col. 81
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18

OTTAWA JOURNAL
Established 1899
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-10-18

OTTAWA FREE TRADER
Established 184o
The Montana nonpartisan. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1918-192?, 1918-12-07
PEACE PATRIOTS.

A patriot is one who stands up for
his country against its enemies. There
are war patriots and peace patriots;
and there are war traitors and peace,
traitors. Those who assist special and
monopolistic interests to rob the
masses are traitors to the common
good, traitors to civil government. aid
ers and abettors of disorder and an
archy.
Neither disorder or revolution in
government ever emanated from a
square deal to the masses, but always
from an abuse of power which laid
burdens too heavy upon those least
able to bear them. In these outragcs
now being perpetrated upon the peo-
pie, likely the moneygrasr. 1g monor-
olies think they are husbanoing Their
resources; but in that they are woft'l-
ly mistaken, for they have the goods
and sooner or later will be hunted
down and made to suffer for the crime
of embezzlement. They are sowing
the wind which will reap the whirl-
wind.-Gunnison {Col) Empire.
The Montana nonpartisan. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1918-192?, 1918-12-07
CAN'T FOOL THE WORKER ANY
MORE.

One of the favorite ''jollcs" of the
kept press is to state that organized
workers are "too independent to be
dictated to, in the matter of the Sc
lection of candidates for political pref
erment, by their leaders. There is as
much sense in this contention as there
would be in one that republicans are
not called upon to support the candi-
dates nominated on the ticket at a
primary if they favored the candidates
who failed Of nomination. Without
unity there can be no strength. A
few, a very few, workers fall for the
claptrap. In the old days it was easy
to take political power from organized
labor by dividing it up between the
two parties. Now, however, nine out
of 10 workers understand the game
and vote straight. The candidates in
dorsed by organized labor are chosen
by committees appointed for that pur-
pose by all the members-nominated,
in fact, by organized labor as a whole.
Bellingham (Wash.) Journal
The Montana nonpartisan. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1918-192?, 1918-12-07

or in any manner whatever, for the
purpose of fixing the price, or regu-
iating the production. of any article
Of commerce, or Of the product Of the
soil, for consumption by the people
The Legislative Assembly shall pass
laws for the enforcement thereof by
adequate penalties to the extent If
necessary for that purpose, Of the for
feiture of their property and, fran
chises and in the case of foreign cor.
porations prohibiting them from car
rying on business.
And yet in spite of these clear and
trenchant sentences there exists in
this state one of the greatest COM
bines the world has ever seen.
POLITICAL CONTROL ALL THERE
IS TO 1T.
The lesson is very plain to those
who have thought anything about the
matter at all. The A. C. NJ. has dom
mated this State for years, Copper
and all that pertains thereto has had
full sway for too long. Given a fail
measure Of representation and the
referendum these things would be
The Montana nonpartisan. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1918-192?, 1918-12-07
Adjustment

insured under this act shall
Immediately the of such his agent on
who shall require the claim
the losses sustained the cause there
the State Board Hail Insurance
require Of forms provided for such purpose.
Commissioners Of each county in
hail will have been levied shall appoint two
submitted from regularly
such farmers societies do exist
shall appoint two suitable
such appraisers The appraisers ap
together with third shall be selected ard appointed
Hail shall all losses by hail IN
their findings the State Board
supplied for such Provided
the Board Of County Commissioners
suitable TO serve III a
joining regular appraiser disqualified
loss by hail insured under this act has
thereof determined the State Board OF
and shall for the payment
Board shall ascertain pracl
and subject TO
hail insurance have been made thereby
aseanng such eves and after deducn
threfrom possible denquenc and the %
this act and the appraisal OF
balance of the amount levied for hail
subject this act who have sustained
OF OF
adjusted determined foresaid and shall order the State
State Hail Fund IN settlement
for that shall the payment for
and SIS for nay
The Montana nonpartisan. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1918-192?, 1918-12-07
Expenses Carried by Group

N0) body with office in the city Of
Calgary and shall have the following powers:
M To hail under the provisions
% To borrow for the Of carrying out the
objects corporation hypohecate pledge and mortgage s
prospective and assign bills notes
securities borrowed
be borrowed for the @ To invest and reserve funds or sur
time accumulated such
approved Of the council
The board together for the dispatch Of business ad
otherwise regulate their meetings think fit and deter
the transaction Of business Questions
arising meeting shall decided by majority Of votes In case
quality the chairman shall second casting vote
time meeting Of the board
The board shall appoint who shall be responsible for
business of the board and who shall
dismiss all employees the secretary treasurer and chief
adjuster and assign to them their respective duties
@ appoint secretary chief
shall under the supervision and control of the
o. time make such bylaws regua
with the provisions this act
control Of its property and business and for
its affairs be considered
expn for out the provisions this act
cording their intent and meaning.
The Montana nonpartisan. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1918-192?, 1918-12-07
EXCERPTS FROM TWO ACTS
Alberta
Democratic and Elective

The Council Of Municipal District lying within the which
act applies shall submit the electors Of districts the first
election for councillors be held after the passing Of this by
law the form prescribed by the minister and accordance with the
procedure prescribed by Municipal Districts Act for the voting
benure bylaws whether the Municipal Districts shall be brought
under the operation Of this act
coming under operation this the time the election referred
this section ane Council Municipal District which be
formed after that lying within the described
time submit the electors Of such Municipal District bylaw herein
before provided for the bringing such municipal district under
the operation Of this act
(s) The Council Municipal District within the prescribed
but not within the hail insurance district the receipt before
the15h day Of November Of petition that effect signed
less than Is the electors such municipal districts
list shall the meeting the council but
later than the fourth Monday the month December following
the submission the electors at the ensuing election for
councillors herein before provided bring the municipal
district under the operation Of this act.
M Immediately following the voting the bylaw provided for
this the Of each municipal dis
voting shall forthwith forward the minister statement show
the results the voting and the event Of 4 Municipal
cng become under the operation Of this act the minister
ord notice Of which shall be forwarded to each the said
Districts published the Alberta Gazette establish the
Municipal eeing The Hail Insurance District
The Montana nonpartisan. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1918-192?, 1918-12-07
Adjustment

28 Upon receipt claim the board shall through its
officer Immediately aduster inspect the who shall
possible effort the claimant in the absence OF the
claimant completion the inspection shall app
report claim shall recommend the board the ndem
nifty which he thinks should be paid
indemnity be paid for total loss shall be eight
provided that desiring to do shall
before provided for in section "a
indemnity payable to six dollars
be paid therefor hereinafter provided shall be
proportonately.
49, The provisions the Immediately
ceing ndmnes awarded under the act out Of the
serve any, borrowed by them by virtue
of the powers herein contained
The Montana nonpartisan. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1918-192?, 1918-12-07

righted speedily. Farmers and wage
workers did they realize as keenly as
the Copper crowd does the absolute
necessity of political control would
not let anything keep them away from
the voting places. Clearly the Constl-
tuition is not for the producers, we
shall have to amend it.
The Montana nonpartisan. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1918-192?, 1918-12-07

Because of a crop failure A, c.
Townley was suddenly called upon to
pay all his debts. Not half Of the
small-town and big-town merchants,
including those who retail the Jerry
Bacon line of talk about Townley's s
bankruptcy, could pay so cents on the
dollar if they were asked, as he was,
to pay up tomorrow. Yes, that's true
of our town, too, and it holds for the
bankers. They are all depending on
missing the early frost.