davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
A Twenty-four Hour Town

For the suggestion of Mr.. John Can
dler Cobb, of Boston, that the local trac-
ton companies suspend their service be-
tween 10 p. m. and a. m. there is some
precedent. Fairly early in the war the
Paris subway, the surface cars and the
omnibuses stopped running before II
p. m. But the reason for this was not
finance, but fuel-the desire was to save
coal, not to save operating expense.
Unless a coal shortage should occur
here next winter much worse than last
winters it is unthinkable that the trans
portation companies should be permitted
to dlsorganize the life of the community
by suspension of their night operation.
AS Public Service Commissioner Kracke
truly says, this is a twenty-four hour
town. There are thousands on thousands
OF night workers dependent on subway.
elevated and surface car transportation.
Printers, railroad employees, policemen.
reporters, actors, walters and hotel work
ers, mllkmen, to mention a few classes
at random, have to travel to or from
work between 10 p m. and a. m. Manv
factories busy on government war work
keep their operatives until after 10 D. m.
Railroad trains bring hundreds of pas
sengers into the various terminals of the
city after that hour, and all the taxicahs
IN the city could not accommodate them,
If all the passengers could afford to ride
in taxicabs.
War has brought great changes into
the life of all the big cities of all the ma
tlons engaged in the conflict, and this
city could doubtless accommodate itself
to such change if it were a matter of
paramount importance-a change which
would contribute directly and materially
to winning the war Short of that
viewed merely as an aid to the treasures
of the transit companies-a suspension
of their night service would be costlv
experiment.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
The Montana Farming CORPORATION

An extremely interesting sign .of the
times is the formation in Wall Street of
large corporation to develop and oper
ate some hundred and fifty thousand
acres or more of farm land in Montana.
Among the hackers of this corporation
are Mr.. ]. P. Morgan, Mr.. Charles H.
Sabin, Mr. James A.. Stillman and other
wealthy men; but the head Of it is to he
a practical North Dakota farmer, DR..
Thomas D. Campbell. A further item
OF interest is that the corporation was
formed almost directly at the instance
and urging of Secretary of the Interior
Franklin X. Lane. This is a getting to-
gether of Wall Street and the West and
highly altruistic government in good
sooth.
The Montana corporation is to be q
purely business enterprise, although it
owes Its existence rather to the exigen-
cies and emotional conditions of war
time. AS to whether farming on a large
scale can be made to pay any consider
able profits is rather wide open prob
AN A6SSe 4oAIIllIlS enterprise
under single ownership and manage
ment, so far as we recall, is the famous
Dalrymple Farm, in North Dakota. This
is property which has descended from
father to son, and it is generally re-
garded as one of the best managed en-
terprises in the West. Yet we have been
Informed, we know not with what accu-
racy, that, even with very high-grade
management, it has never earned
steadily more than an average of S per
cent on what it could have been sold for
in block for cash.
The net income, we believe, was around
$160,000. If you take out of this the SAL
ary of manager worth in any other
kind of business anywhere from $50 900
to 100000, it will be seen that the actual
capital return was very low. And this
corresponds with the general facts dis
closed by the inquiries of the Depart
ment Of Agriculture regarding farming
in the United States in general. Taken
by and large, there are few very suc-
cessful farmers. And the average re-
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
Whose Liberty Motor?
By Theodore M. knappen

forked connecting rod, and, though it was a
feature of the Packard air motor, that it
was CLEANED from the Cadillac, though first
used in an air motor in the French De
Dion.
1t was probably because it was aware of
the suppressed controversy as to who Gre
ated the Liberty motor that the War De-
partment recently caused the Committee
on Public Information to issue a statement
in which credit for different contributions
to the Liberty motor was definitely appor-
toned. In this statement the War De-
pertment admits that the sharp angle OF
convergence of the two rows of cylinders
was new in the Liberty motor, but gives the
Packards no credit for the innovation. A
remote kind of reference is the only credit
the long and costly Packard experimental
tion receives, and that is that the Packard
company had developed a method of apply
ing steel water jackets to the cylinders.
The Packard people receive two other
credits in this official distribution of honors
VIZ, an improvement of the Mercedes
camshaft and valve mechanism for auto
matte fabrication, and the water pump.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
"Indeed Privileged"

The call of General Crowder to the
youth of America is eloquent and splen-
did, and, what counts even more, it is
calm truth. Those who are in a posi-
tion to fight upon the European battle
field "are indeed privileged" More and
more as the grip Of national resolve
seizes us do we realize how living gener-
ations and generations to come will view
those who fought-and those who did
not. That will be the chief test in years
to come. 1t will work some hardship
upon many who with all the will could
not evade home responsibilities and play
their part in the greatest drama of all
time. But the position of those who can
and do step forward is beyond question.
They are our bravest and best, Theirs
is the honor and glory. Small wonder
that our youth marched to the voluntary
draft yesterday with all enthusiasm. We
cheer and salute them, and, from the
bottom of our hearts, envy their price
less luck, the gift of youth in that one
hour when youth and youth alone could
save a world.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06

turn upon the capital investment, fair
living salary deducted, does not exceed
or 3 per cent at the outside.
remarkable exception on large
scale, to this general rule, is an Eastern
enterprise, the Seabrook Farms, at
Bridgeton, N. J. This is property
which has been built up single-handed
by Mr.. Seabrook within the last ten
years. The capital investment, we be-
lieve, now exceeds 100000 and the COM
pany has paid per cent steadily on its
stock since its formation, with a very
large surplus left over each year. So
far as we know, it is the most notable
farming experiment in the country, but it
is primarily a truck farm, with general
farming as side issue. A large part
of the profits are made in the winter
time from the extensive shipment of hot
house products, and the whole project
represents intensive farming of the high
est degree. Even the highest priced
land costs from $500 to $500 an acre to
develop after it has been bought.
Speaking broadly, farming is the poor
est paid occupation and offers the low
est yield OH capital invested of any kind
of business in this country.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
They Never Will Be Missed

Thirty days, the period of grace al
lowed under the new "anti-loafer" law
should be ample time for any man hon.
estly seeking a job in which to find it.
But if he should be unfortunate he NAV
register with the State Employment Bu-
reau or some other agency DESIGNATED
by the State Industrial Commission. and
work undoubtedly will be procured for
him. The alternative for all able-bodied
males between eighteen and fiftv is
jail term, during which work will not be
avoided.
1t is sad prospect for the gamblers.
lounge lizards, wire-tappers and kindred
spirits, of whom the police have already
begun to make census. A particularly
unfortunate phase of it, for them. is that
the presumption of the law is that thew
are loafers until they can prove that thew
nave regular and useful employment for
at least thirty-six hours week, But. 50
Tar as the community is concerned thew
never will be missed, whether they 60 to
work or go to jail
When the police get down to the
end OF the list Of five thousand such
characters which the department has
compiled the city should be a cleaner
place and the country better off bv the
addition of many toiers to +, ranks of
the men behind the guns, even though
these recruits may not be much used to
manual labor.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
A Twelve Per Cent Income Tax

"The World' states with apparent
authority that Secretary McAdoo favors
raising the normal income tax from per
cent for individuals and 6 per cent for
corporations to a level IL per cent for
all. There would be the usual exemptions
of $1,000 for single men and $1,000 for
married men, and the super taxes on in
comes above $500 would remain.
With regard to these proposals it is
enough to say very briefly, that there is
an obvious limit to such taxes beyond
which it is unwise to Co. Taxation is
not, as many people suppose, a question
of justice. 1t is pure matter of ex-
pediency. 1t would be justice if every
member of the community should be
taxed exactly according to his ability to
pay. But in point of fact, that is never
practicable. 1t does not happen.
An income tax is the ideally just tax,
but every one knows that an income tax
of 20 per cent on all incomes over 1000
could not be imposed. First of all, it
could not be equally collected; there
"OUAO NC WliO1Codlc CVdSlOu.
But the war must be prosecuted and
the government must have the money.
Therefore without doubt the whole ma
ton will cheerfully subscribe to radi-
cal increase in all forms of taxation.
But whether SO heavy an impost as 12
per cent is wise may be open to ques-
ton. The great good of the heavy
super taxes is, to our mind, the demon
stration that even the most drastic tax
ation-the practical confscation or
transcription" Of the wealth of the rich
would not supply one-quarter of the
funds needed for the war. This is why
the normal tax on all incomes over
$1,000 must be radically increased.
We must all pay. No matter how will
ing the rich were, or how willing we are
to let them do it, the rich cannot pay all.
They have not got it,
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06

Only half a decade ago men were
thought to begin to be old at forty-five
That was the young mans day. The an
nouncement that the Interborough Rapid
Transit Company and the New York
Railways Company have raised their age
limit for employment from forty-five to
sixty-five is evidence of changed condi-
tions. The able-bodied "old man" now
finds his services at premium There
is no particular need for "Save the
Old Man. movement such as Chicago
business men started few years ago.
The employers are only too glad to get
him if he has strength in his arm or
head on his shoulders For one thing,
he won't be taken from them by the
draft. For another, his experience and
the judgment accumulated through
years of work are recognized as valua-
bic. So the question the employment
agent asks him is not how old he is, but
when he will start to work.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
Lost Letters

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: l am inclosing clipping from your
paper, which seems rather unnecessary
expenditure of labor and energy, for what
is the use of writing to the bows lover
there" if they don't receive their mail :?
My son has been in France about four
months, and, although we have written
every week, he has not received one word
from home
His letters home come regularly every
week. Why should he not receive his
Something is wrong. Whose is the fault !?
MRS. F. G. SMITH.
Brooklyn, June 1, 1913
To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: My son landed in France on Feb
ruary 49, 1918. We wrote to him twice a
week. and he wrote to US oftener. His last
letter, dated March 10, stated he had not
received a line from home since he landed.
and he was homesick for the letters that he
knew were somewhere en- route He said
there was young boy from Georgia with
him that had not had line from home
in nine weeks
On April we received a wire from
washington, saying our son died in France
on March 10 and his commanding officer
would write US full particulars. The only
letter received to date was one from Major
Pierce, telling US where the dear boy was
buried
l have written to the adjutant general of
the American expeditionary forces, also the
Y. M. G. A. and Red Cross, but not line. so
l believe my letters still in New York.
/ was told by friend who was in Hoboxen
during January, 1918, that there were sew
eral (three) warehouses filled with mail
for the American expedtionary forces.
Now, as you often call on US to write
TO our boys and l may have one or two
there soon, ask you to see what can he
oone: w. H. TINSLEY.
Salem, Va, May 81, 1918.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06

men Of forty-ive years or over who are
fathers of three children will be repatri-
ated, whether or not they have been
captives for eighteen months. These
groups are to be released unconditon-
ally, without regard to equivalence in
numbers. There will be delays, of course.
But it is expected that, at the outset, at
least 1000 men will be exchanged each
month.
Certain classes of civilians have been
repatriated under earlier agreements.
But hereafter all civilians who ask for
repatriation will be returned, and all
hostages who have been carried into
Germany will have the choice Of going
back to France or to their homes in the
invaded districts-provided the agree
ment is observed on the German side.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
Prisoners of War

The lot of the prisoner in this war has
been harder than in any other war since
military practices became halfway civ
llized. The Hague conventions had
thrown new safeguards about soldiers
taken In arms and civilians living in
territory occupied by the enemy. But
Germany brushed those conventions aside
and from the start has treated both
military and civilian prisoners with
severity which would have shocked even
as cynical militarist of the old school
as Frederick the Great.
The agreements recently signed bv
France and Germany regarding the ex-
change and treatment of prisoners.
therefore, mark the beginning of new
hope.
Details received from Paris show that
the scope of the Berne agreements is
surprisingly broad. Officers who have
been prisoners for eighteen months or
more will be exchanged, but will not
return home They will go into intern
ment in Switzerland, where they will
replace equal numbers of the sick and
wounded now interned there. These in
validcd groups will be repatriated.
Sub-ofiicers and privates who have
been prisoners eighteen months or more
will be exchanged directly, man for man,
those held longest having priority. More
than ,000tprisoners on each side will
be affected by this agreement. Besides.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06

somewhat less shocking than that to
which they have made us accustomed.
The manner in which we note it will be
reported in Berlin and tested by the rules
of approved psychology at the Imperial
German Bureau of Foreign Propaganda.
Therefore, let us note it properly.
The U-boat is the German murder
symbol. The living will destroy it. But
polite U-boat commander is an insult
to the dead, and, therefore, the most
utterly abhorrent thing Kultur has yet
produced
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
They Must Not Pass
THEY must not mas.

THEY must not pass.
The ceaseless legions of the Hun
Must not beat down nor overrun
The cities and fair fields of France;
Life rules by no blind, brutal chance.
Although unnumbered as the grass,
They must not pass. !.
They must not pass
Let them draw cannon file on file
Till sheeted flames crash mile on milss
Let them send forth in wave on wave
Legions that melt into the grave.
In spite of shell and bomb and gas,
They must not pass.
They must not pass.
The kindly stars seem all withdrawn;
The night the dark night before dsvS
Is on us. Soon the mighty day
Will break above their disarray,
Their vast retreat in mass on mass
They must not passi They must pes r.
HARRY -
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
Credit
Apportioned

The Hall-Scott Company gets four credits
viz, camshaft drive, the pistons, the pro-
peller hub design and the 81 bore stroke
design of the cylinders. The only other
American motor company mentioned in this
official statement is the Cadillac regarding
which 1t says that the forked type of con-
meeting rod was first used on the Cadillac
motor car in this country
The Ford company is given no credit for
contributing to design but is mentioned for
evolving unique method" of manufacture
of cylinders The War Department men
tlons only fourteen features of the engine.
Of these Packard gets credit for three.
Hall-Scott for four, the Zenith Carburetor
Company one and the Delco ignition one.
leaving five outstanding features which fol-
low general practice too nearly to be sus-
ceptible to credit determinations. Enei-
neers say that there are number of other
features that are equally entitled to men
ton. For instance, the fabrication system
hnally adopted. after discarding that used
IN the Mercedes, is the same as in the orig
lnal Packard design, which provided for
pressure feed throughout instead of using
scuppers on the crankshaft cheeks to nick
up overflow oil from the main bearings to
distribute by gravity to the crank-pin bear
lngs. The return to the Packard system
made 1t necessary to tear down many en-
glnes. The arrangement for equalizng the
distribution of gas to the twelve cylinders
is another feature of Importance that it is
contended was supplied by the Packard de-
sign.
The subject is too involved and technical
to pursue further here. It may become an
historic controversy
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06

wv 7ASHINGTON, June 5. - Who faith
wv cred the Liberty motor? The Goals
of controversy are hot. The ques-
ton of paternity has caused much heart
burning. If the newborn motor had been
congenital defective anybody who has bold
enough to claim its paternity would have
been handed the credit. People don't quar-
rel over poor thing. Which indicates that
men who should know hold the Liberty
motor to be very good tn
Secretary Baker sponsor, legend to
the effect that two great internal combus-
tion engineers (names not given) were
shut up in a hotel room in Washington
about this time a year ago and told to pro-
duce the worlds best aviation motor Ac-
cording to further chapters of the legend,
the command was obeyed and in five DAYS
the two engineers had evolved, from pure
thought, the essentials of a new motor.
This made mighty good readng-but it
was only sort of parable based on the
real facts. 1t was intended, perhaps, as
preventive measure against riot of con-
aicting claims for recognition. However, it
didn't prevent 1t only suppressed. Every
manufacturer of Liberty motors has
clause in his contract which backs up the
suppression with a prohibition against ex-
plotting his connection with the wonderful
engine
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
Mixed
Resemblunces

70 a superficial observer the Liberty
motor does very closely resemble the orig
inal Packard motor. But the anti Packard
ties maintain that the resemblance is su
perticial and that the Packard motor did
not contribute more to the Liberty motor
than several other sources It's distinctive
form arises from the fact that the cylinders
are placed in two rows of six each that
converge sharply at the base, the same as
IN the Packard motor, except that in the
former the angle Of conveyance is As de-
grees, whereas in the Packard it was 40. In
all previous practice the angle was 60 de-
grees. Essentially, they say, the Liberty
motor is nothing but an improvement on
the Austrian Mercedes, with dash of
Rolls-Royce though the Liberty and the
Mercedes look about as much alike as
rabbit and bulldog.
Z The Packard people admit that they start
ed on their experiments after a. careful
study Of Mercedes engine which they OBJ
tanned from Ralph de Palma who imported
1t from Germany for use in an automobile
racing chassis and then found that he could
not use it in racing because it did not corn
ply with the regulations OF the American
automobile Association. They hold tnat
they essentially changed and Americanized
the Mercedes, and that the motor thew
thereafter conceived and built was as much
distinctive creation as the Rolls-Royce or
the Hispano-Suiza or the Renault. or anv
other air motor that bears its manufact-
urer's or inventors name.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
Clews to
Paternity

When you talk about the outward resem-
blance OF the Packard and the Liberty some
people will remind you that the sharply
V-shaped arrangement of the cylinders was
long ago introduced into the Cadillac auto
mobile motor, and then you will discover
that MIR. d. Mccall White, chief engineer
and general manager Of the Cadillac Com
pany, built aviation motor which also
looks much like the Liberty, externally.
Getting down to the parts. you will be told
that one of the two or three really impor-
tant innovations in the Liberty motor is the
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
Nothing From,
Nothing

The two engineers did meet and go into
session on the problem of producing a new
flying motor-and within five days they did
produce the general design of new motor
but it was not created out of nothing. 1t
came from something that preceded it, And
what was that? The great question is
whether it was essentially a Packard dc
sign or such a comprehensive composite
that in justice. no inventors or manu-
facturers name could be attached to it.
Colonel J. G. Vincent. who was then a
civilian, was the chief engineer of the
Packard Motor Car Company, of Detroit.
Since 1914, in his capacity as such engi-
neer, he had been working out flying
motor for the Packard company. When we
got into the war he had completed a motor
as nearly as anything of the kind is ever
completed without long practical trials and
actual production. When the war broke
the Packard company very patrotically
turned the results of its labors researches
and experiments-and Colonel Vincent
over to the government without charge or
string of any kind. Now, the pro-Packard
champions contend that the Liberty motor
is essentially Packard motor They say
that at the time of the Willard Hotel travail
1T was generally conceded that what was
actually taking place was that the two en-
g1neers, with much assistance from others,
were simply concentrating the best avail
able American engineering thought and
practice on improving the Packard motor
instead of trying to devise an essentially
new motor.
Anyway, Colonel Vincent was one of the
two engineering wizards who conjured up
the Liberty motor in that famous five-day
session. The other was Mr.. c. L. Hall, Of
the Hall-Scott Company, of Oakland, Cal,
which was then actually manufacturing
aviation motors for use in training and
civilian planes. Hall is practical engi-
neer-studied in shops, and not in schools.
Those who do not take the Packard side of
the controversy maintain that Mr., now
Major, Hall contributed quite as much to
the Liberty motor as did Colonel Vincent.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
Justice in Arkansas
(From The Cincinnati Eno.i,s

0FTom Tic C'nc1nnafi EnQnirer)
IN Collier VS.. State, 20 Ark, the court
held that where jurors having retired to
consider verdict, and one of then, is nm.
able to carry the bass when thew star+
singing, 1t is not ground for new tr;a, -
man who is not a member of the iurv
JOINS them and leads them in singing.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06

lhe Common or Garden Senator
tFrom The Washington Post,
VINO can remember the good old times in
washington when a new Senator was as
sured of two-column write-up?
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
GUARANTEE

You purchase merchandise advertissd In the
TRIBUNE with absolute safeor II dissatisfaction rc-
suits In any THE TRIBUNE guarantees to your
money back upon request. No red tape. No qubbns.
We mako good promptly II the advertiser does not.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-06
NrNfnER ar THE AssOruArED PRE-,

The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled TO the
republication of nil dispatches credited to
otherwise credited this and also tho local
o, spontaneous origin published herein.
All rights republication Of all other matter herein
also reserved.