davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-04-05

many of the burned buildings were
old, the contents We're valuable. Some
persons thought that the minimum
loss would be $2500,0G0, possibly as
high as $5,000,000.
Buildings facing the fire swept dis
trict to the north and south were DAM
aged to some extent both by fire and
water, played upon them to prevent
the spread of the flames.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-04-05

Tribune Want Ads Bring Results.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-17

brought to its highest stage of deys,..
nent and perfection, organizes tho up- ~
ton for the control of the mean s"e ma.
production. Socialism does not 20 ol
destruction of the foundations Of ,ho haen
dusfrial life. the organization of "s I'm m
duction. but only prepares socias pro
gradually for state where the neoaIy
themselves are placed at the head sJp,e ls
the existing industries, guardedlv y VI
organizing the system of distribnt;a- s.
OF wealth upon a basis more eouitsh,n
than the present. S'"ie
The Bolsheviki. who profess .h.-
selves to be Socialists, and claim tn'a'- ~ u
the direct and true disciples of tps Is
recognized teachers of socialism bans ~.
destroyed the entire fabric ~ "ase sss
Russian industries, everything the hne
could be utilized to build un tbo ND nsa.
economic relations; they nave INV INV
the country into one huge desert 'aed aea
in this desert they are going to nran raa
tce socialism. p'ae-
Having remained with one brr.
Nothing, they intend to rule thi. Noti
ing upon the principles of comnunsn, H,,,'
Reactionaries are usually representod
as black. Here we have case of peS
Reactionaries. of Black Reds. S'
New-York tribune., 1918-02-17
Bolsheviki Ruin
Whole Organization

Lenlnc and Trotzky, who invited the
world to attend their first feast of So
ciallsm, have nothing, absolutely moth
ing, to offer their guests, and they have
to quit the so greatly heralded banquet
OF liberty and equality with empty
stomachs.
The Russian shipping is gone. Russia
has very few bottoms to carry on it's
trade, and those that are left are foul.
The railways, telegraphs. telephones
and all other public utilities owned bv
the government DO not represent uny
more than % per cent of their original
value, and that which is left is RAPIDLY
nearing to the point of zero.
Russia never had any industries Of
consequence. The few it had were
turned into war industries during the
last few years, and those left were
either smashed or closed; the factories,
robbed. demolished and given to decay,
Will soon be turned into huge monu-
ments of brick and junk. to preserve
the hrst great victory Of class con-
sciousness.
And so are the few large agricultural
enterprises, which were demolished and
plundered, the owners either killed or
eXlled, the buildings and implements
all IN ruin and dust.
And so arc the Russian banks, and
the Russian institutions of trade, of
learning, of art, everything deserted
IN decay and ruin.
socialism, in the works of its great
leaders, was a philosophy cxpounding
an evolution by which capitalism.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-17
Equal to Foch
In Military Skill

Among the gray heads at the Vei. ti.
Sallles council he surprises by ni'
shock of black hair He Will take inc
place of Foch in any permanent pous
that may be constituted in order to de,
terminc policy and plant for the unlses
armies of the Allies. AS "lllustratioh
remarks December 81: General Ws!..
gand brings to the council the hignes.
technical knowledge. coupled with sh
experience equivalent TO that OF for'.
In succeeding Foch, only names viii %
changed; technical skill ani mlii,al,
knowledge will remain the same ~ ~
closely have these two generals o@cen @
associated in their splendid work sipes
the beginning of the war. !.
An especially interesting element ~
the selection of Weygand TO the co9a,
Gil is his known intimacy with hsJpa
General Sir Henry Hughes Wilson, IN I'M
English representative. during W
year 1915, when Foch WAS in comma"ss
of the northern wing of the frenar .,r
army. Weygand came INTO almost osa.
contact with Wilson, Who at tnat lilai
vas assistant chief Of staff 10 Marsnssi
French. General Weygand has gs'hes;
also the sympathetic admiration
Premier Orlando and General CadoIDli
the Italian members of the couh.,.
Several times. either alone or IN cgs'
pany with General Foch, Weygana ~
visited Italy to study the military p,es
lem of collaboration with the lnrmel. ml.
armies in any general offensive. w ~,
excellence OF his work was atteste1
Gently by the efficient manner IN wh's,
French and English troops were &C.,
into Italy to help stem the tide es "
featism."
New-York tribune., 1918-02-17
Peasants Risings
Foe to Socialism

Ferdinand Lasalle, who is the
founder Of the German Social Democ-
racy and one of the teachers Of Rus
sian Bolshevism, wrote book, in which
he has proved that the great revolu-
tionary upsisings of the German
"Bauern'' to free themselves from
because had they been successful they
would have pcrpctuatcd a republic of
small land owners, who would have i'm
peded the development of the bour-
geoisic and made impossible the pres
ent system of capitalism which is in
dispensablc as a foundation for the
future Socialist republic
In the same way the anarchistic
teachings of Proudhon, the ultra-an
archistic revolutionary preachings of
Bakhunine, were branded as reaction
airy by Marx, Engeis and the rest of
the famous Socialist pleiad because the
ideal of those theorists, stripped of It's
elocutiopal and revolutionary clap
trap, was not based upon the perfect
development of the present capitalist
system, but upon fantastic social de-
vices, which, if realized, would bring
society back to condition of disor-
gained small producers and traders.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-17
Gen. Weygand
Now In Allied
War Council
Intimacy With Foch, Mill.
tary knowledge and Skill
Give Him Respect of
Whole French Nation
By Harry Kurtz

In the Immortal roster of the Su.
preme War Council at Versailles there
appears the name of a French general.
name that among the great war
chiefs of France is one 10 coniure
with, but nevertheless has not yet re-
celved wide recognition from an sd
mlring public. This man is General
Maxlmo Weygand, one of the most
striking figures in the council. He is
power to reckon with. not alone be.
cause of his intimacy with the French
chief of staff, but also because of the
potentialities he conceals behind an
exterior that is modest but forceful
Since the beginning of the war he
has been confidential assistant to Gen
eral Ferdinand Foch, now chief of
staff in the French Ministry of War.
Weygand in his relation to Foch has
been aptly compared to Ludendorff in
his relation to Hindenburg. 1t is safe
TO forecast that whatever elevation
may come to Foch he will want with
aim his Weygand. In spite of present
apparent disagreements, the project OF
having gencralissimo to command all
the Allied armies may become more
and more feasible as the spring fight
ing develops.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-17
There Arose
A New Kin"

For centunes the great Jewish set
Elements in Russia have been hoping
and striving for the acquisition of full
civil and political rights, and to hasten
and anticipate the longcd for emanci-
patton Jewish leaders and educators,
coming under the influence of German
Jewish modernism and European Co.'S
mopolltansm, which discounted the ma
tlonal aspirations, propounded gospel
OF secular enlightenment, the complete
adoption by the Jews Of the manners
and customs of their neighbors. raising
this obvious advice of conduct to the
dignity of philosophy, which was
given 1fowery expression in the liter
aturc of the movement known as the
Haskalah. Under the more liberal rule
OF Alexander III many of the restric-
tons against the Jews had been re-
moved or left unenforced and their
condition considerably improved Then
there arose new king" and among
the frst fruits of the new regime of op-
presslon were the pogroms, the mas
sacres of Jews, which occurred in 1881.
Inc policy of enlightenment had failed
and the Jewish leaders and intellectu-
ais suffered their rude awakening from
the dream of cosmopolitanism, which
brotherhood. To be sure, the Jews were
ready to put the Golden Rule into prac-
tlce, but the Cossacks and the Muiiks.
kept IN ignorance by despicable dcs-
rotlsm, were not. The latent love for
Zion among the Jewish masses found
new vent, the first groups of the lovers
OF Zlon were formed, and the intel
lectual leaders. recognizing at last that
real Jewish relief could only come from
self help and the assertion of national
dlgnity--in accordance with the for
mula of DR.. Pinsker-took UP the crv
of "On to Zion!" The wreckage and
clamor of the pogrom- makers were
still within sight and sound, when
meetings were called and groups of
emlgrants formed of youths who had
tclt the call to inauguratc the new era
OF redemption. The society of the "Am
Oiom" (Eternal People) took sail for
America to work out their salvation
and to spread the word of social Justice
in the New World, while the groups Of
the "Bilu,' taking as their motto the
Blbl1cal phrase, "Housc of Jacob, come
ye'. let us 90 forth" embarked for
Palestlnc to pave the way for the re-
building Of the Jewish homeland.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-17
Duties Are Only
Partly Military

General Foch, together with General
Weygand, has been representing
France in this council The former has
been chief of staff since the Painleye
Ministry, and Clemenceau as his own
Minister of War has kept Foch and
strengthened his arm. In sending him
temporarily to the Versailles council
France was sending soldier whose
rank corresponds to that of General
lasker II. Bliss, our own military rep
resentatlve In the council. The duties
OF French chief of staff differ from
those of our chief, in that the ineum-
bent IS not only military head, but
also an Intermediary between the war
body and the actual government. Foch
,, has admirably filled the exacting re-
qulrements of his work and has shown
that he possesses remarkably not only
the science of warfare but also work
ing knowledge of men. For gen
cralissimo of The Allies these talents
are necessary.
General Weygand, his assistant in
the council, was at the beginning OF the
war colonel of hussars. Foch called
him at once to the General Staff, and
in the autumn of 1914 they fought to-
gether the User campaign. The two
have remained together since, Weygand
I>attaining first his brigadier general.
ship and recently the rank of general
de division, or major general. HIS
career in the army has all along been
one of rapid distinction and recog-
milton. At the end of his studies at
Saint -Cyr, the French West Point, be
was selected as one of the few who
were permitted to follow post graduate
courses, commonly dubbed marshall
courses" because Of the almost certain
promotion reserved for those who 81
tain the privilege of following them
Weygand soon was given nigh rank 10
the light cavalry. and his vigorous ou',
door activity has kept him young sao
New-York tribune., 1918-02-17
Helping Tide Over
The First Troubles

Almost beyond endurance were the
'lfst TRIALS and tribulations of the
ploncer builders of the Jewish home
land, ll-equlpped as to implements and
means, but fortified by boundless zeal
ana intense devotion to the cause thev
persevered and weathered all storms
There were times when it appeared
that the struggling colonists would be
overwhelmed by their difficulties and
that the new work reclaiming the land
OF their fathers would have to be
abandoned just as previous efforts at
resettlcment were abandoned; but
there was jewish nobleman and men
OF great wealth living in Paris who had
been reading Jewish history, and there
was Christian idealist in London who
mad been dreaming of Jewish restora-
'lon, and there were men of influence
who had received Jewish inspiration in
other parts of the world. and these
soon came to the aid Of the troubled
settlers. To tell Of the munifcent aid
extended to the colonists by Baron
Edmond de Rothschild would REQUIRE
more space than is here available. and
the remarkable Palestinian activities 8
OF Sir Lawrence Oliphant form an
other fascinating chapter of the un-
written history Of Zionist cndeavors.
~ was INC BdTOn, as ne is affection l.
ately referred to by the Palestinians.
or the unknown philanthropist," as
ne Is otherwise mentioned Cor he
loved to indulge in the Jewish practice
of giving anonymously, who helped to
tide over their most perplexing diff
cultics, and if, owing to his generos-
ity, there was for time indirectly in
troduced certain benevolent feudal-
ISM which has naturally aroused crit-
clsm, his whole-hearted assistance and
wise encouragement have, nevertheless,
saved the pioneers from disaster and
lald the foundation stones of the new
Zion.
The movement of the "Lovers of
Alon,' with its branches in different
cities III Russia and Rumana. which
became centralized through the Katto-
WITT conference held in 1884, soon fur
nlshed further encouragement to the
hrst settlements, and later came the
organization of the first international
Zionist Congress, convened by DR.. Theo-
dorc Herzl. which, though at the time
indirectly. gave such powerful stimulus
to the colonies: The colonies had al
ready evolved their own village admin
lstration, practically amounting to self
government, with 81 remarkable system
OF policing organized as the -Shomer
or nlghtwatch, TO protect the settle
mcnts from depredations, and under
the influence Of the Zionist agitation.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-17
Unknown Despite
Multitude of Books

Ihere is no country under the sum-"
says writer in "Palestine," the organ
OF the Palestine committee, who. the
editor assures us, is the greatest living
authority on the subject, "small or
large, on which such an overwhelming
number OF books has been written as
on Palestine, and yet the country may
safely be said to have remained, up to
very recently indeed, a terra ncognita.
owing to its geographical position in
the Eastern Mediterranean basin, and
owing to its geological structure, Pal
estne presents striking analogies with
Algeria and Tunis.
"The amount of rainfall in all these
countries is the deciding factor of life
sor death. of high fertility or barren
sterility. 1t is worthy of note that
Palestine everywhere gets more rain
than Tunis, a fact Of itself guarantee
of higher fertility. And if Palestine
does not get a heavier rainfall than
Algeria. it benefits better by it on ac-
count of its milder winters. Not only
or the high plateaus. but even along
the coastal plains and foothills, the
winter temperature Of Algeria is, at
times, low enough to stop the growth
o. the annual plants. Thus the bulk
Of the rain falls there, as we'll as in
Iunis, at a season when the vegetation
of annual plants can least avail itself
of its benefits. In Palestine, on the
contrary, owing to its mild winters,
the growth of annual plants is con-
t;nuous during the rainy season. They,
therefore. get the highest benefit from
the rainfall, and this explains the
higher yield of cereals, for instance, in
Palestine compared. cateris paribus,
with those of Algeria and Tunis
But great as the analogies arc be-
tween Palestine and Algeria or Tunis,
the analogies between Palestine and
California are still more striking.
This has been for the first time scien-
tiflcally established in an official pub
Hcation of the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, from which we
learn that Palestine is more like the
state of California than any other in
the Union in everything except size.
II is practically California reduced
to about one-twentieth in size, but
markedly similar in general topography,
climate. vegetation and agricultural and
economic possibilities
New-York tribune., 1918-02-17
Not All Class
Struggle Is Reform

But it is not necessary to go to de-
funct states to prove the lurking dan
gers of class war. Certain forms Of
class struggle reveal its nature in the
passing events OF daily life without
any necessity to stretch our necks
back to the past. They are, in fact,
singled out to us again by the self
same teachers Of the Russian Bolshe-
visits, who make no attempt to screen
.nem or even to apologize for them.
Thus we learn from the textbooks
en- Socialism that in tie struggle of
labor against capital demands are
often put up which are not only un-
Just to capitalists but also against the
working class as wacie. That the
attempt of certain trade unions to
limit the production. restrict the use
of machinery, eliminate apprentices,
and all that tends to impede the evo-
luton of modern industrialism are
contrary to the Socialist ideals, and
therefore rcac:ionary.
The Socialists more than any one
else ridculed and condemned the ston-
ing of trains, the tearing down of tele
graph wires and other attempts of the
laboring classes at various times to
resist the onward march of capitalism.
The Socialists do not conceal their con-
tempt for protectionism, high tariff
and every other artificial device ham
pering the free development of indus
tries. Socialists remained indifferent
to every movement of the middleman,
of the artisan and the farmer tending
to harass or curb the trusts and other
monopolies which they considered help
full to the industrial progress.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-17
Pioneer Colonists in Palestine Endured
Bitter Hardships to Reclaim Homeland
Jewish Pilgrim Settlers
in Zion Turned Des-
erts Into Gardens, but
of Some Groups Moth
ing Remains but a
Cemetery
By Bernard c.. Richards

Author os Tho D'scourscs OF Keidansly.' Later
Executive Secretary OF the American jewish
Congress.
TT is one of the bitterest ironies OF
later history that while fighting
on all battle fronts of the world
wax it was not given to the Jews to
shed their blood in the struggle for
, the rescue of their beloved land from
alien and hostile hands; that while
they won honors bearing arms under
various flags they were not privileged
to receive the reward of participating
with their own efforts in the redemp-
ton of the Holy Land.
There were. of course, scattered Jew
ish troops among General Allenby's
forces, even as there are Jewish men
serving in all of the other British regi
ments everywhere, and two distin-
guishcd members Of the Rothschild
family fell almost at the gates Of
Jerusalem. But there was no unit Of
Jewish soldiers permitted to fight, as
did so often their ancestors of old, for
tho cherished land of Palestine. Even
the Russian Jewish refugees, who, at
the outbreak of the war, were driven
by the Turkish authorities from the
Palestinian Jewish colonies and who,
having fled to Egypt, subsequently
formed the Zion Mule Corps of the
British Army. constituting the only
distinct Jewish unit in the whole war
even these men were by the fortunes
of war prevented from striking the
blow where they most longed to strike
it and instead fought and fell in the
disastrous campaign at Gallipoli
Colonel J. II. Patterson, organizer
and commander of the Zion Mule
Corps, has paid handsome tribute to
the bravery Of these homeless refu-
gees. But Of Jewish prowess in war
there are records innumerable from
Josephus's "Wars of the Jews" down to
with the Zionists in Gallipoli," by
Colonel Patterson himself. That none
of this spirit of gallantry and self
sacrifice could be displayed on the very
soil of Israel gives added sting to the
sorrow of Jewish homelessness, sting
which is only partly effaced by the
formation of the new Jewish battalion
which is about to depart for service in
Palestine.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-17
Population Rises
To $4,000 in 1914

Tho remarkable increase Of the Jew
ish population in Palestine is shown
from figures indicating that in 1870
the whole country held only 10000
Jews, while in 1914 the estimate given
came close to 125,000.
Then there is the remarkable rcbirth
of the Hebrew language, adapting itself
to the needs of the new time, which
with other cultural developments are
to be treated separately. "a creative
force already resides among the Jews
who have settled in PALESTINE" wrote
Miss Henrietta Sold, tho leader Of the
Hadassah Women's Organization, after
n visit in 1913. "rhc dry bones of gifts
from all over the world have been
clothed with the habliments of life,
and long scattered members have been
joined together into an organism.
Jerusalem has begun to assume in a
spiritual sense the aspect of city that
is builded compact together, and Pales
tine of a land of renewed social and
religious promise, while universal
Israel in the Daspora, through an or
ganized common endeavor for the Holy
Land, is becoming a rcvitaized spirit
unl communion
New-York tribune., 1918-02-17
Denied the Fight,
They Wrought Redemption

But if the Jews have not in later
days been privileged to fight for their
country, they have been permitted to
work for it, and the devotion, per-
severance, bravery and self-sacrificc
shown by the pioneer colonists in their
efforts to reclaim the land made barren
and unfruitful by long neglect and
misrule shall in future annals shine
Jewish military achievement in the
great war.
To have ventured to a long for
saken land with the most meagre of
equipment, to have braved the enmty
of alien tribes, to have struggled
against the unaccustomed heat, the
pest of malaria and other fatal dis
eases, to have withstood all opposition
from an unfriendly and corrupt gov
ernment, and then to have come out
victorious; to have built up forty-four
prosperous colonies, to have made the
deserted parts of Judaa blossom like
the rose-that was not only an cx-
traordinary accomplishment, but from
a full knowledge of the facts an un-
precedented occurrence. And the answer
of the ever occurring question is always
the same; the explanation of the
secret is-the unending love for Zion.
Many were those who found the
struggle too hard and succumbcd; !;
many who became thoroughly dis
couraged and deserted the ranks; pri-
walton, exposure and disease claimed
victims innumerable, and there is at
least one pioneer colony of which moth
ing remains but a cemetery, the silent
tombstones bearing eloquent testimony
to the lives that were given in order
to bring about the revival of the Jews
as a people. Long alienated from the
soil, inexperienced in agriculture, un-
accustomed to the climate, lacking in
means as we'll as in knowledge, and
sustained chiefly by devotion to an
ideal, many of the first settlers found
their obstacles insurmountable and
never lived to see any of their hopes
realized. But nothing daunted, other
adventurous spirits, imbued with the
same devotion to the sacred soil, came
forward to take their places, and so,
step by step, the settlements grew and
increased in number until the Palestin-
ian colonies became new force in
world-Jewry, serving as the most i'm
pressive practical illustration of what
the Zionist preachers had been con-
tending and propelling that turning
point in Jewish history by which Zion
ism was transformed into an issue OF
world politics.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-17

the highway of the general progress OF
the world. it ceases to be a revolution,
it turns into a dfbacle, and instead Of
promoting the cause of freedom ana
civilization, it throws humanity back
to barbarity.
A revolution to be real revolution
must not only bring about d change in
the life of men. but whatever changes
it works in the life Of people must be
IN accord with the will of history. A
social revolution to be real social
revolution must not only overturn the
political and economic forms of man
KIND, but it must leave the ground pre-
pared for other forms and relations
which arc of Il higher order, and tend
to secure greater measure of free
dom, welfare and happiness to a larger
number of men than heretofore
This is the philosophy of socialism
which Lenine and Trotzky maintain is
also their own philosophy
Now let us see how the leaders of
Bolshevism, who are the masters Of
Russla's destiny to-day. are applying
their own teachings to the actual reali-
ties OF their country