Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-07-27
North DakOfd's Grentest
Classified Section
JUST FOUR YEARS AGO
SINCE AUSTRIANS DE-
CLARED WAR ON SERBS
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CLARED WAR ON SERBS
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Russia, took advantage Of the de-
forces to advance through tho Cau-
casus and obtain possession Of the
regions subsequently, coded them By
the treaty Of B~rest-Ldtovsk.
The French and italian drive in Al.
bania began on July 8 and IL still In
progress.
During the year British forces in
Africa drove German forces before
them In German East Africa and in
German Southwest Africa and finally
compelled them to dispense or sur
render. This took from Germany the
last OF the vast colonial possessions
held by her When the wal began.
Submarine Warfare.
The past year has been marked by
a gradual decline of submarine sinlas
ings as compared with the number
Of ships being built by the Entente
Allies. The operations of the Brit
ish and ts american emans de str xss N have V
the sea-" while a great mine field
completed in May by the British navy
converted virtually the whole North
Sea into an area closed against U-
boat activities.
The harbors Of Zeebrugge and os-
had been operated against Entente
shipping. were either sealed entirely
or made virtually valueless as sub
marine bases by daring naval and
air raids by the British in May.
U-BOats in American Waten
German submarines visited Ameri-
can waters in June and sank at least
fan chine tho Gold ne Tho TT h4ok ON.
erations being from the North New
Jersey coast south to the Virginia
Capes and easterly half way to the
Burmudas.
The only United States transport
lost while carrying troops to Europe
was the Tuscania, which was tor
pedoed off the north Goa of Ireland
on February 5 with a loss Of 212 men.
Hospital Ships Sunk.
During the year eleven hospital
ships have been sunk by submarines,
the latest and most fragrant case of
this violation Of the Geneva
ton being the destruction Of the Brit
ish steamer Llandovery Castle, carry
ing Canadian nurses and doctors. This
took place on June ~, only twenty
four Of the 25S persons on board be-
ing rescued. e
The total shipping reported sunk
since August I. 1917, Is more than A.
100000 tons.
Against this destruction Of shipping
the Allies have combined their ship
building capacity. The actual num-
Der Of IONS of shipping launched and
put into service has not been publish
ed. Official announcements have been
made in the recent past, however, to
the effect that more ships are being
built thar are being sunk. On July 4,
ninety vessels were launched at Amer
lean s%hipyards. ~
The years fighting has entailed
great losses for most Of the belliger-
ents. During the drive into Italy last
October and November the Teutonic
armies claimed the capture Of more
than 100000 Italians. In the German
ofensives in France this year about
10000 French, British, American
and Portuguese were reported to
have been taken prisoners.
Added to these losses are the
casualties in killed and wounded. No
definite figures have been issued by
Germany and Austria but it has been
reported on what appears to be good
authority that in the fighting from
March 21 till June IA the Germans
lost more than 100000 men. The
french and British losses were con-
s~iderably smaller, as the Allies were
lighting from entranched positions.
Financial Aspects.
The United States has foated three
great Liberty Loans. The proceeds of
these oans have aggregated $10,788,-r
45l,soo. The total war cost to the
United States, according to la.
available figures, is $13,80O, O0O, xoASSs
Since the nation entered the a
has extended credits to the Allies 49,
gregating $6,O91,5 $50, 900. assE
The total cost Of the war to EnkS8
land up to December IS, 1917. svWas
placed at f6,242, 600, 900. while French
votes Of credit are somewhat smaller
German wal oansa appropriated $8I,-
600, OOO, 900. {s]s
Ihere have been numerous. reports
Of disorders in countries engaged ama
the war. Riots and b%loodshed have
been reported from Germany and
Austria many times during the paSf4f
spring and summer and there is little
doubt that the Slavic races Of Austria
are seething with discomfort.
Ireland came to the center Of the !
stage in this connection early in May,
when a pro-German plot was detected
but nipped in the bud, with the arrest
Of seventy-eight leaders Of the Sim
Fein.
Recently disafrection was reported
against the British in South Africa, |
but it has apparently been stamped
out.
One Monarch Died
During the year one ruler Of 81
~belligerent country died, The death
of the Sultan of Turkey was an
nounced in June. subsequent reportsi
intimating he had been murdered, -,
Assistance for Russia
Since the collapse Of Russia, the
Allied nations have sought to find q
way to assist the people who are be-
ing exploited by the Garmans. French.
British and American forces have
been landed on the Thurman or Kola
peninsula, on the north coast. They;
have not actively interviewed, however.
being there only to protect Allied
property which had been landed at
the port Of Kola before Russia with-
drew from the Entente Alliance.
In Siberia there is q well-dedned
anti-Bolshevik movement which has
been built up around Czecho-Slovak
prisoners of war who armed theme
selves and inflicted defeats on the Boil
shevikt. Anew government has been
set up there under General Horyath.?
president of the Chinese Eastern rail-
road. Japanese. British and Ameri-
q marines have been in the city Of
V~ladivostock for months.
Ncut11ls.
Countries which are not engaged IN
the war have suffered durine the
twelve months. Switzerland ana Ho,.
land, being adjacent to Germanv havA
been threatened by the Central Pow.
ers a number Of times IN rnat4ars