davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Benson signal., 1918-12-28
WORTHY PEACE"
ASSURED SWEDEN
IN MESSAGE BY PRESIDENT Will
SON READ IN BOTH CHAMBERS
or SWEDISH PARLIAMENT.
A LEAGUE OF NATIONS
AND FREEDOM OF THE SEA WILL
BE INSISTED UPON BY AMER
ICAN EXECUTIVE.
Western Newspaper Union News Service.

Western Newspaper Union News Service
Stockholm, Dec. pa message
from President Wilson was read in
both chambers of the Swedish Parlia
ment Friday. 1t was as follows:
Il have received with the greatest
satisfaction the message which the
two chambers of the Swedish Riksdag
were generous enough to send me and
/ accept it as a most welcome ex-
preston of the confidence of the
chambers.
Il hope and believe that by COM
mon counsel a peace worthy of the
aspiration Of the people of Europa
can and will be secured and 1 shall
with pleasure and pride do all l can
to promote it.
(Signed) "WOODROW WILSON,"
Paris, Dec. 23.-The Presidents
| first week in France finds the pre-
liminary. situation surrounding the
peace conference fairly we'll developed
| toward the point where, according to
| the Presidents expressed view, it will
| be worth while for the United States
to participate.
The Presidents conferences with
French and Italian statesmen have
served to emphasize that he considers
treaty of peace not enough, but that
the general agreement to be made
among the nations must include sat
isfactory settlement of the question
of the freedom of the seas and a
league of nations.
The President now goes to England
to continue the discussions there along
! the same lines as those he had with
the representatives. of France and
Italy, which the Presidents advisers
describe as having been satisfactory.
President Wilson, in acknowledging
the honor bestowed upon him by the
University of Paris in the form of a
doctors degree, said: 81 feel very
keenly the distinguished honor which
has been conferred upon me by the
great University of Paris, and it is
very delightful to me also to have the
honor of being indicted into the great
company of scholars whose life and
fame have made the history Of the
University of Paris thing admirable
among men of cultivation in all parts
of the world"
The Benson signal., 1918-12-28
OCCUPY RHINE GIBRALTAR

Germans Turning over War Materials
to American Troops.
Coblenz, Dec. 23.-The German fort
ress of Ehrenbreitstein, sometimes
called the Gibraltar Of the Rhine, on
the opposite bank of the river from
Coblenz, has been occupied by Amer
lean troops. The commander Of the
American forces is Col. Robert Boy
ers, a West Point graduate of 1903.
The fortress, which is situated on a
rocky promontory 400 feet above tho
river and occupies more than 100
acres, will accommodate thousands OF
men. 1t will be used for the present
as the regimental headquarters of the
First pioneer infantry and two battal-
ions of pioneers.
The Benson signal., 1918-12-28

American Army of Occupation.-The
German authorities are turning over
to the American Third Army large
quantities of war material which will
require several trains to transport. In
Guided in the artillery given up by the
Germans are 76O guns of large caliber
and nearly 5000 machine guns. The
other guns range from 1905 to 210s.
The Benson signal., 1918-12-28
Court Enioins Delivery of Liquor.

Denver.-A temporary injunction
was granted by Judge John H. Deni-
son in the District Court to prevent
further deliveries of Intoxicating liq-
uors by the American Railway Elk
press Company to persons holding per-
mits issued prior to the bone-dry law
going into effect.
The Benson signal., 1918-12-28
cuticura for Sore Hands.

Soak hands on retiring in the hot suds
of Cuticura Soap, dry and rub in Gu
ticura Ointment. Remove surplus
Ointment with soft tissue paper. For
free samples address, "Cuticura, Dept.
x, Boston" At druggists and by mail.
Soap Is, Ointment 25 and 50.-Adv.
The Benson signal., 1918-12-28
Nothinu More.

"What have we there, poem?"
"NO, that is merely a returned
uscript"-Louisville COurier-JOur-
lal.
The Benson signal., 1918-12-28
Territorial Adjudication.

The Potato Bug-We hope the peace
conference will decide whether this
arm belongs to us or the cutworms.
The Benson signal., 1918-12-28

Snap fasteners should always bt
snapped together on u piece of thir
cardboard.
The Benson signal., 1918-12-28

What children need is more models
and fewer critics.
The Benson signal., 1918-12-28

When some persons catch on to
joke they never let go.
The Benson signal., 1918-12-28
The Idea.

"Pop, why do congressman make
pairs?" II guess, son, they make pairs
to get some plums."
The Benson signal., 1918-12-28

Some theories are like gunpOwder-
most useful when exploded.
The Benson signal., 1918-12-28

Huns Evacuate Capital of Esthonia.
msterdam.-Reval, capital of Els
thonia, situated on the Gulf of Finland
has been evacuated by the Germans.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
CASUALTY LIST

WASHINGTON. Dec. 1S,--Two army
casualty lists made public here today
contain a total Of 1880 names, divided:
Killed In action, 263; died from
wounds, 1l9; died, accident and other
causes, 49, died, airplane accident, 2;
2,d6S; wounded, degree undetermined,
in action, 537
Included in the lists:
TENNESSEE.
Killed in action: Sergt. George T..
Whitman. Knoxville; Cook Henry Jor-
dan, Nashville Privates Claude Wo-
mac, r. f. d, 8, Athens; Robin Sands,
Tennessee Ridge,
Died from wounds; Sergt, James
Cannon, r. f. d. 3, Box 40, Memphis,
Died of disease: Privates John W.
Owens, White Pine; James Satterfied,
Santa Fe; Frank f. Watson, Chat
tanooga; Julius l.. Bird, r. F. ,. IL.
Lebanon; William 2. Lankford, Telico
Plains; Mike M. Morton, Hampton;
f. Thompson, II. b. d. ], Ridgely; Rob
ert Fl. Adkerson, r. r. D. 2, Kingston
Springs.
Wounded severely: Lieuts. John W.
M Thomas Nashville; Samuel IL. Mum
son, Ripley; Charles d. Walters, Knox
Vlllei Sefgts. Joseph b. Atkinson,
Atoka: John A. Frye, Maryville; John
S. kissing, Nashville William B. Nor
ton, r. r d. 3. Brownsville Gus Can
ady, ITO N, Liberty ST., Jackson; JAMES
D, Grindstaff, Johnson City; Fred l..
Guy Tazeville; Willie H. Medley Sill
yer Point; Malcolm J. Noble Nash
Vile; Corps. Valentine Hilton, Plney
Flats; Clarence E. Dennis, Columbia;
Wagner Nelson Tyler, Aliens Creek;
rrivates Pink Naples r. r, D. /, Boyds
Creek; Dock Womac, r. F. d. /, Big
Spring; John s. Keeling, r. +. D. l.,
Elbridge Charlie J. Malone, r. +. D.
!, Alton; Jim Hyde. r. +. D. 4, En-
glewood; Charles c. Rowland, r. r. D.
3, Greenback; Charles Mcdaniel, Ool-
tewah; Freddie Malone, r. r. D. /,
Roseville; Benjamin r. Selph, K. r.
D. !, Indian Mound; Earl Wade, Spring
Hill; Moses Moore, Chattanooga; Err
nest Hensley, r. r. D, 12, Greeneville,
Earl W. Miller, Johnson City; Joseph
f. Miller, Knoxville; William r Wright,
r. +. D. 4. Jacksboro; Grover c. Boyd,
Cookeville; Robert r. Ingram, r. F, b.
5, Pulaski; Thurman Moses, r. y. d..
2, Cedar Hill; Walter T.. Brown, II. r.,
=. l, Sale Creek; Kelly Crawford,
Kingsport; John P. Mason, Pinson
Thomas Fischer, r. f. d. /, Joretto
Grover c. Kite, r. F. D. 3, Bailey
Continued on Page 2, Column A.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
DEFEAT|ST SWITCH
TO WILSON GRAVE
MENACE TOPATH
President BeSet With Peril as
Europeans Who Have 0p-
posed Victory Seek to Make
Him Their Champion. ~
RY FRANK n. SIMONDS

The News selmltars Military Expert.
NEW YORK, Dec 18.-The first days
Of the president in Paris supply clear
evidence as to one of the greatest of
the many perils which beset his path
way. In France, as in Britain, there
are elements radical Bolshevist and
a band, as they were described with
accuracy only few months ago, of
"defeatsts," who are largely hoping
to use the president in a campaign
to rehablitate themselves.
1t is only little more than year
ago that Clemenceau came to power
amidst the familiar associations, which
found ready echo in certain quarters
in America, that his hour would be
brief Refusing to make ignoble and
unpatriotic concessions to the socialists,
he faced their opposition and conducted
two campaigns, the one against the
enemy in the field, the other against
the foes at home, until the very hour
when, by his courage and Constaney,
the victory was assured, Clemenceau
had to fight against the intrigues and
open attacks of those very men who
are now most outspoken In their well
come to the American president.
The maneuver in all this is patent,
and it Is reproduced in Britain, where
the men who desired to make peace
two years ago. who despaired OF vic
tory. now hold victory of lesser ac-
count than the realization of their pri-
vate or political end, are making the
same motions,
Clemenceau one day reached the point
where it was no longer possible to at
(Cnntiplad on Para q Column
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
WILSON MAPS OUT
PLAN To PREPARE
FOR PEACE MEET
President, After Conference
With House, Decides to Ap-
preach England, France and
Italy and Pave Way.
BY DAVID LAWRENCE
The News Scinltar's Special Core
snondent

PARIS, Dec. 1S.-Mr. Wilson has had
from Col House complete account
of everything that was said and done
at the informal conferences among Eu-
ropean statesmen prior to his arrival.
A plan OF action and method Of ap-
preaching difficult questions that will
arise in the conferences among rulers
and foreign secretaries has now been
formulated. The president will do busi-
ness foa the present with Great Britain,
France and Italy, occasionally consult
ing the other belligerents.
This is necessary in order to get the
most powerful belligerents into early
agreement. Col House has told Mr.,
Wilson details Of his talks with Lloyd
George, Clemenceau and Orlando. Some
day there will be an interesting narra-
tive of how European statesmen came
reluctantly to decide TO accept the IA
points, with only two reservations
They were disposed to make such eX-
Ceptions respecting territory and other
questions, as to the apprehension Of
a possible break, but were won over
when they were informed that the pres
ident might have to lay all the details
before the American congress and ask
how far the American people would be
willing TO fight for distinctly British
French or Italian war aims
While these preliminary conferences
ended harmoniously the, two exceptions
taken--freedom Of the seas and indem-
the large points of
difference which still prevailed. Eng
land at first took the position that no.
body had right even to discuss the
freedom of the seas, and the other bel
Continued on Page 3, Column 80
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18

GnuaraI &honaand nkIIdHnn SenKHarAd
oexeraL sn9usdnu on'!qrsn soat'ersa
IoUss W. sIs., sI Wt ,I .as s.I, -. ~
kSnsas "a ane MIss'sslppl wiz zee Nne loys
.. = renI,e'nprSnee @ ., o'e WeeN 10Y lousy
0eTaIse KY ,t.tHN mdxe oeem 9oou 'en0w w.
bost ,na' @ lr.tle @ aumounCe,,,et & ~ Soa ~
,,,,nt SuJ st WIZ nans " ,,i
ana ,S ~ u1'iS t,,oSI ~ VI a., eH,,,,
% mnes spu nsa & i4r Sou. n6 tha
eista hf 80, cub, ause SgiI neg ,,III
r. u Suur omh ,t vniiu1 Vt;,n tnn. .Snt
az oritS niSnsness enr, +bo Spous yea ath AIN
Ta' are ''"S 0oii'' 'lio"sh "el'ioe " otn-
Vi sero-,I thorsora ,,o,,rc...rs =, man.
last 'i vaar vn,; y0u',sS Tsi.waS santa
class to 15s-aye "a NJ MADE nanny
hv vop " '''-" "'o ~ N0 ''"'e A"PP'
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
AMERICAN JEWS WORK
ON CONFERENCE PLANS

PHILADELPHIA, Dec, 1s.-Commit-
tees OF the American Jewish congress,
In session here, labored until early to-
day preparing recommendations on the
rights OF Jews in certain foreign lands
which the congress is expected to have
presented to the peace conference at
Versailles. The recommendations have
to do with conditions in Poland, Rus
'tsia. Lithuania, Ukrainia. Galicia, Salon
4NSEand the new Slavic nations created,
vof to be set up, as a result of the
world war.
The recommendations, 1t is expected,
will call for full civil, religious, polit-
ical and national rights for Jews as eX-
efcised by the other Inhabitants in all
the lands coming within the jurisdiction
of the peace conference,
There was no morning session Of the
congress today, due to the inability of
committees to make an early report
and in order to permit the delegates
70 proceed IN 1S body to o6 Independence nee
Liberty bell.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18

ennessee--Overcast, probably rain
Thursday In extreme west; no change
in temperature.
Mississippi-Unsettled. probably local
rains,
Arkansas-Cl Cloudy. probably rain In
south and rain or snow In north;
colder.
Aiabama--Overcast. becoming unse%
tied Thursday.
Kentucky-Overcast, probably rain
Thursday In extreme west,
Louisiana--Cloudy, probably rain.
Oklahoma Cloudy, rain or snow in
east, colder Thursday fair.
East Texas--Rain, colder; Thursday
cloudy.
West Texas-Fair colder in south
east.
F1orida--overcast, warmer In north
west.
South Carolina and Georgia-Falr.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
100000 ACRES IN FARMS
SECURED FOR FIGHTERS

NASHVILLE. Tenn, Dec. Is. Spl -
n Knox Bryson, commissioner Of agri-
just returned from trip to the High
land rim, where they succeeded in To-
eating 100000 acres Of land suitable for
colonization under the plans at Secre-
tary Lane, OF the indterior, for return
ing soldiers and sailors. Messrs. Bry-
son and Welch represented the NASH
vile Commercial club in this survey.
Much of the land located lies in Cum
berland and Putnam counties and IL
capable Of producing profitable crops.
Welch has been authorized to secure
options on land for this purpose and
those having large bodies of land are
requested 10 communicate with him.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
NAME YANK UNITS
IN ADVANCE LINES
Previously Acknowledged ,,., 80,

AMERICAN ARMY OF oCCuPA-
TON Dec. 49, (By the Associated
Press From left to right the first
line American divisions in the CoblenS
bridgehead area are the Second, Thirty
second and the First divisions.
The Second division occupies the
right bank Of the Rhine to Honningen
with its headquarters at Hedesdorf
The Thirty second division line runs
from Brietscheid east to Herschhach,
where the line extends southeast
through Alsbach TO Sayn, which IL the
headquarters Of the division The First
division ia located between the Thirty
second and French headquarters at
Montabaur.
The dividing line Of the French and
American portions Of the bridgehead is
the Lain river from the Rhine to the
region of Ems whence the line zig
zags northeast to the region Of NAL
meseicht, directly east OF Montabaur.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
NO DECISION IS
REACHED ON CITY
MANAGER PLANS

Divided opinion on the proposed city
manager form Of city government for
Memphis is indicated MS being responsi-
BILE for no decision being reached We'd
nesday at the executive session Of, city
official and shelby legislators. It is
said some OF the delegates are divided
over the form Of the plan that should
be adopted while others are believed to
be openly opposed to any change what
ever in the form OF city government
However, no decision was reached,
according to Mayor Monteverde. who
said that the matter was discussed In
detail
Mayor Monteverde announced that
the city commissioners legislative dele
cation and the committee of 100 bust
ness men, headed by X. r. Ellis, would
meet again and attempt to arrive at
a solution of the proD'em and decide
on plan Of government with a city
manager. This meeting was set for
Saturday, Dec. 2S. At the same time
an atempt will be pade to eide
boundaries for the proposed extension
Of the city limits,
The discussion regarding the city
manager plan was animated, but friend
ly, tie mayor said. It was only an
attempt to arrive Mt solution OF the
problem and decide on inc very best
plan for the city. He SAID he was con
fldent that when II majority at the
the delegation would tnen vote as a
unit for that plan.
Some of the legislators suggested that
12 members be tleeted to the governing
board with the city manager. while
others held out for five. Others favored
a city manager and the retention OF
the city commissioners on their pres
ent salary
The mayor told the delegation We'd
nesday that the city commissioners had
pledged themselves for a raise In the
schools proportion of the tax rate from
Al to 50 cents, so that teachers might
be given a raise Of $40 each and that
they would stand by their pledge. This,
he explained, Is tantamount to re-
quest on the part of the city commits
sioners to the delegation to make that
amendment.
The mayor also said in the meeting
that the commissioners favored the Gre
alton by an act of the legislature Of
statewide firemen's pension fund.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
KNOX URGES SENATE TO
DELAY POLICY ACTION

WASHINGTON, Dec. 1s.-Declaring
that the widest diversity Of opinion eX-
lists regarding formation of a league of
nations and on the definition Of free
dom of the seas, Senator Knox Of Penn
sylvania, formerly secretary of state,
IN an address to the senate today, urged
postponement of these questions until
after the peace conference.
. Just before Senator Knox spoke the
foreign relations committee had dis
eussed and decided to delay action until
Saturday on his resolution which would
record the senate in favor OF such post
ponement, and also call for the with
drawal of American military and naval
forces from Europe and abrogation OF
the presidents extraordinary war pow
sers
Chairman Hitchcock said later that
division Of opinion In the committee on
the resolution was not confined to party
lines He would not predict what ac-
tion finally might be taken.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
SEIZE BIG AMOUNT
0E "ASPLRlM" PILLS

ST. LOUIS, Dec. 1s.--Willlarn R. M.
Wharton, chief of the United States in
spection laboratory IN st, Louis, has
confirmed the report that deputy United
confiscated more than $4,000 tablets at
Joplin, Mo-, which were peing offered
as aspirin tablets, but in which one OF
the main ingredients was talcum pow
der The tablets, wharton said, were
shipped by chemical company In
Brooklyn and were only small part
of large consignmenrs which had
reached Missouri.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
THINK WAR REVENUE
BILL SURE OF PASSAGE

WASHINGTON, Dec 1S.-Although
important sections of the war revenue
bill remain to be disposed of, Asenate
leaders were confident today the meas
ure can be passed before Christmas
will reach final vote before the end
of the week.
The major sections yet to be con-
sidered include the 19.u schedules which
are opposed by the Republicans, the
income normal rates, practically all of
the excess profits section, the insur-
ance taxes, the estate and inheritance
imposts, the child labor amendment
luxury taxes and excise imposts.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
FIRST N. Y.-CHICACO
MAIL FLIGHT STARTS

NEW YORK, Dec. 1S.-The first
flight in what is expected to be regular
and Chicago began today at 1920 am,
when Leon y. Smith took to the air at
Belmont park, Long Island; His biplane
carries 400 pounds of mail At Belle
fonte, Pa, he will descend and put his
Who w w tsnseoPt ease pt Il to ar U
where third aviator will carry 1t on
to Chicago. Three machines will be
used during the entire flight, and the
last one is expected to reach Chicago
between 4.30 and pm.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
SURVIVOR OF a. WARS
DIES AT AGE OF 94

KNOXVILLE, Tenn, Dec. IS. (Spl)---
After surviving four wars, Mrs. Il. VIII
lis died at her home here Monday. She
was 94 years old Mrs Willis was
born in Washington county, near John
son City, Jan. IL, 1924, Later the fam
ny moved to Cleveland, where she made
her home until about 25 years ago, when
she came 70 Knoxville with her family
and resided here since. One of the chief
pleasures Of her eventful life was to
have young friends sit and talk with
her She loved young people and
sought their companionship. She often
told Of the first. time she saw q loco-
motive. Funeral services were conduct
ed Tuesday afternoon at the home.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
JAP MINISTER FOR LEAGUE

TOXIC, Dec. 1S.-Belief that league
of nations will be achieved was ex-
pressed by Baron Takahashi, the Jap
anese minister for finance, at a dinner
given BY the Bankers club in honor
OF the new Japanese cabinet.
The minister called attention to the
activities Of American finaciers to pre-
pare for the postwar period, thus
conforming 10 their splendid national
development, and urged Japanase busi
ness and financial men to work out
q plan Of cooperation which would ad-
vance Japan's interests,
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
MONEY CONSERVATION
OF NATION NECESSARY

WASHINGTON, Dec. Is.--In it's De-
ccmber bulletin issued today the fed
eral reserve board says that with the
signing Of the armistice a new era
Of American finance mas been inaug-
urated, which will be replete with new
no less serious consideration than those
OF war"
The board discusses plans for con-
tlnued conservation Of the financial re-
sources OF the country; the prospect
Of aid to foreign government through
the medium Of banks In addition to the
loans of the government and measures
to prevent initiation.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
FOOD CONDITIONS GOOD
IN BULGARIA, SAYS REPORT

SALONIKI, Dec. Is. trsy the Associ.
ated Press Food conditions in Bull
garta arc good, according to reports
reaching here especially In the country
districts. In the cities rood is avail
able to all who can pay the high prices
asked Clothing, however, is scarce.
The price OF thread Is prohtbltive and
there also is an acute shortage in drugs
and surgical dressings. Quinine sells
for s1e0 n pound.
There is much money In the country,
the reports Indicate The Bulgarian
government recently sold 100000
podnds Of tobacco at nearly So pound,
receiving payment In gold. During the
war an immense store OF tobacco be-
longing to American companies was
left undlsturbed
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
Registered Berkshire
.F0E sodlf fsllCsYs Is.a
NOW On Exhibition

Pigs is pigs, says Ellis Parker But
Ter, but Allen Fisher and Jack Ram
sey Insist that Butler induges In too
many generaitics Pigs are not pigs,
in their estimation. and to prove 1t
they have contributed to The News
Scimitar's Goodfellows club real one,
the only one Of her kind.
She's some tar baby take It from
me- explained Fisher, who gave the
club fine pig last year which brought
more than 5000 for the cause OF the
kiddies. "She's a full-blooded, regis
tered Berkshire Go to it, boys"
win we? You know it,. Goodlellow
Nate Wellman, Of the Antlers, win see
to it that we do, When three good
fellows like Fisher. Ramsey and Well
man get together-Oh, boy!
See Nate and get happy.
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
V0LHYNIA PEASANTS SLAY
LANDLORDS; WOMEN FREE

WARSAW, Dec. IL, tBy the Associ-
ated Press. l--llow the Russian peasants
In Volhynia have arisen against their
landlords ls shown by tho experiences
Of Princess Potocki, one Of the refu-
gees gathered here Her estate at
Eombrovtza was besleged for one week
by the peasants. Several Polish peas
ants aided In beating orr the attacks
and dozen or more of the Russians
were killed.
Finally tho Russians threw benzine on
the roof and set II on fire The de-
the women could go free The peas
ants placed tho men against the wan
and executed all Of them, including two
Young CousInR Of the nrrnceaA
The news scimitar. (Memphis, Tenn.) 1907-1926, 1918-12-18
THINK CONFERENCE WILL
OPEN JAN. 10 OR Is

PARIS, Dec. IS (Havas. )--This morn
ing's Paris newspapers variously place
the probable date of the opening OF the
peace conference at from Jan. 10 to
Jan. 10. The meetings preliminary to
the conference will take place. at the
naler Clernenceau presiding. Prior to
this extremely important conferences
will be held, including one President
/ Wilson win have with David Lloyd
George, the British premier.
Most satisfactory reports are in cir
culatipn regarding the interviews Pre-
nlier Cletf1enceau and Marshal Toch
have had with the American president