davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-02-25
PIdese que Sc obre con
energia con los
p~lagiarios
Ell case del selor AristeO R0drl=
cuez esta sisndO aband0Ecd0
por la justicia

VERACRUZ, febrero l9.-El ITEM
po, que segun Ell dicho popular, TODD
10 bora, ma lido debilitando La terri
tle impression que causara 81 piaglo
Gel joven Aristeo Rodriguez y Ia
muerte que fue el termino de aquei
acto de candidate; sin embargo, la
atenci6n publica no puede ~apartarse
de este asunto, sobre el cual Sc cier-
ne un gran misterio, Y Ia Soz de la
caile constantemente hace suposlcio-
nes sobre cual puede haber sldo el
resuItado. hasta ahora, de Ia lnqulsI-
con judicial que Sc esta llevando a
CATO. Sobre esta Sc guarda el secre-
to mas estricto. Ell juez Carreon no
ma externado NADIA de 10 que el ma
de saber Ia seguramente, despueS de
hsber escuchado las d~eclaraciones de
los presoS, Y que es 10 que haora dc
servir para aclarar csc miSterlo. Sc
ha limitado el iuez a asegurar a la
ssciedad u obrara conforme a toda
juSticia, Y que la vindicta puollca no
$ vera escarnecida; Y unicamente ha
proporcionado ligeros detalles sobre
IA Marcia del prccedimiento, pero
detalles que en- NADIA satisfacen Ia Gu
r.CSidad del publico, ansioso de saoer
alcc concrete del sensational delito.
Todo 10 nuevo que el licanciado Ca
rreGn ha manifestado, es que fue or
denada Ia apprehension de cinco ind!-
viduos que parecen estar complexities
en- el asunto de los p~laciarios: este es
motivo para que Sc demore aigo mas
al dar a IA publicidad los detailes prin-
cipales que hay sobre ell atentado.
Perc una vez tomadas las deciaracio-
res a los nuevos detenidos, Sc cree
cue podra va cerrarSe el sumarlo, 10
QUE probablem'ente ocurrira en- la pro-
xima semana, y entonces podran dar-
Sc Z o va los resultados de las
a~ctuacioneS.
Pero IS impossible que por tanto
tempo Sc .guarde I'M absolute Secre-
10 sobre un summarize, a peSar de las
mayores precauciones que Sc tomen
para clio. Siempre hay algo que Sc
trasluce.
Sc sabe que Jacobo A~ssennato, Ell
Primo de Aristeo, al rendir u de-
c!!araciones, ha manifestado que el jo-
ven Rodriguez cayo muerto, no por
UT disparo que sobre 81 hiciera el eN-
pagadcr Diaz, Sino a consecuercia de
hGter sido tocado por una de las ba-
las que salieron &c las caraLinas de
los soldados, cuando eStos hicieron
fuego contra los plagiarioS que huian
V For no haber tornado el joven Ro-
driguez Ia precaucion de arroiarse al
suelo, procurando librarse Ge las ba-
las.
Esta declaration Gambia en- gran
parte ell caracter que puede enc el
asunto, puesto que desapareeeria en-
! esc case e. dc.ito de a~sesinato y que
i Garia unicamnte Ell de plagio.
Zero es n~ecesario que esa asercion
De Jacobo sea comprobada, y este eS
10 cue ahora Sc espera. Esa compro-
bec;6n habra de salir del dictamen pc
ricial Que Sc rinda sobre Ia herida
cau>ada al joven Rodriguez Y sobre
! CUE clase de proyectil fue ell que Il
h:Tio.
81 resultare Ia muerte causada por
les miSmoS l~ibertadores del rlagiado
hahria Que culpar a la fatalidad, y
Quedaria solo el castigo que como
~rlagiarios podria imponerSe a los que
hey Sc hallan detenidos bajo terrible
! acuSacion.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-02-25
NOTICfA INTERESANTE PARA
LOS MEXICANOS QUE TEN
GAN FAMILIA EN-
MEXICO

III unico medic SECURE para man
dar direro a Mexico es valerse de
Les Angeles Mercantile Co. POI \.
Main St, Los Angeles, Cal, o de
Su Sucursal en- San Antonio, Texas,
i121s 4 West Commerce ST., o pedir
a alguno de los Bancos, cuyos nom,
breS Sc publican en- este periodico,
los Microbes Y los Domingos, IN 81
70 sobre Mexico PAGADERO EN-
MONEDA MENICANA.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-02-25
No Sc r~etirar0n a Ca:
brera las f~aCultades
extraordinarias
Tn diputado atac5 rudamenie a
los ieies. militares del
CarranCiSmO

PUEBLA. febrero 20.-ReniGos de-
bates hubo aver en- IA legislature To-
ca! con motive dc Ia presentation de
III dictamen pidiendo le fueran retl-
| radas al gobernador Cabrera las IA
! cultades extraordi3arias de cue Sc lie
jnvesti6 a raiz de haberse hecho car
go del poder.
Varios diputados hablaron en- favor
| del dictamen y varios 10 combatieron.
logrando triunfar estos ultimos que
forman la mayoria g]obiernista. FL
| primero en- hablar en- pro del dicta-
men Y el que 10 hizo en- mas cnergI-
COS terminus fuc cl diputado LaGlSlao
Lopez. presidente de la comisi6n die
taminadora. Este orador atac6 al or
| gaEos semi-oficia! del gobcrnador por
la campana que ha venido hacienda
para que no Sc retiren al doctor Ca
brera las facultadcs que 10 han cons
tituido en- dictator, y ataco tamblea d
los militares.
Luego sigui0 dicicndo que cs ''civi-
lista," que fuG el primero en- expo
nerse a las befas Y aun a las Ven
ganzas de los militaristas cuando en-
! esa misma tribuna defendio con TODD
ell ardor de ST. coraZ6n, el Gobicrno
del doctor Cabrera, porque era IN 60
bierno civil, porque no es ~partldario
del gobierno de Ia bota Y del acicate.
Y agreg0: "El Executive 10 que ne
costa ahora son ~partidarios honra-
dos, pero no incondicionales. Hoy cs ell
dia solemne: hoy Sc define Ia actitud
V Ell uatriotismo de los diputados: hoy
Sc va a yer 81 realmente Sc cncuen-
tran reunidos en- este rcclnto los re-
D-e~gentantes del pueblo po5lano 0 81
solo hay una partida de ~sinvergiien-
zas que vienen aQui NADIA mas por los
ounce pesos.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-02-25
Acusacior contra Ell inspector
general lie policia.

Z! Jue2 ;ceando Municipal ha pre-,
seGtado acusaci0n en- contra lei
Inspector General de Poiicia, Jacinto
Lara, por desobsdiencja a la autori-
dad denidamente cOnstituida. La acu
saci6n So presento al Juzgado terce-
70 dc Primera l~nstarc!a.
-.Varios concentrates dc aqIi nom,
0raron III abogado cue los patrocl,
nc Y haga las gesliones n~ecesariaS
ante cl Gcbierno del Estado, para
que rcJaje ell impuesto federal.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-02-25
Produce gran escdnda!o
en- Ia C, de PuebIa,
un Ito amOrOSO
Los peri0dicos hacen negocio
con las inf0rmaC;Ones
del dsunto

PUEBLA, febrero t9.-Un acauda-
ladc comerciante que sorprende a 81
esroSa en- brazos de IN prestigiado
Ga!eno, a quien pretende castigar sin
lograrlo por la precipitada fuga lie
este. es Ell platillo de escardalo de TO-
DE- la sociedad poblana.
La prensa local en- ediciones extra
crdinarias que son devoradas por e.
puklico, ha pueSto q todos al corrien-
to de tan escandaloso suceso.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-02-25
Que paso despues?

Que paso despues?
Los dos caballeros que peRetraron
por Ia fuerza al cuarto del galeno.
ersr Ell esposo de la sonora Y V ell
hermano de eSta, q~uienes oportuna-
mente avisados por I'm detective a r
t~icular, pudieron s~orprender a la es-
peso infiel infraganti.
Lo que pasara ahi, nadie 10 sabe.
dado ei s~ilencio que guardian sobre
ell asuEto les que han i~ntervenido.
(Fasa g IL a.. Pag. Col. 6a.)
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-02-25

NERACRUZ, Febrero lS.-Perso-
ma que ACADIA de llegar de Ia ciudad
de Merida informa cue muy en- bre-
We de Nueva Orleans enviaran para
aquella ciudad, 25,00os de ha-
rina Y 5000 tercerolas de manteca,
par cuyas exportaciones va nay per-
misc especial.
Fue tai Ia cantidad de mercanciaS
que Sc enviaron en- los ultimos vapo-
res dc aqui para Yucatan, que &C
tua melts en- Merida tiene mas ba-
10 precio IA narina que en- este puer-
to.
La reguladora repa-tira "a miilones
de sus d:videndos.
La Comisi0n Reguladora del Mer-
cado de Heneluen, de Iucatan, re-
partira pr0Ximamente entire u ac-
cionistas, la suma de veinticuatro
miilones de pesos, producto de sus
d~:vidcndoS.
Ash 10 hizo constar ultimamente
en- Merida. Salvador Aivarado, al ha-
Ger entrega del Gobierno de aque!la
entidad, Y rendir su informe como
p~residente de esa negotiation.
Movimiento de vapores.
Aver lego ell vapor nacional "Te-
huantepec," procadente de los puer-
tos del Sur, trayendo $3.50 sacos de
azlcar, 4,1S9 cocos, 5S7 sacos dc sal,
l,l41 bultos de chicle, TIP latas de
manteca, 564 sacos de maiz Y % sa-
cos de frijol.
Para cl lunes proximo Sc espera
llegada del vapor espahol "Reina Ma
ria Cristina.'
Para Nueva York, salio esta ma
drugada, el vapor americana "Espe-
rama" llevando 4,419 sacos dc cafe,
SASS atadoS de cueroS de res, 220
bu'tos de pieles de chivo, III pacaS
de raiz dc Zacaton, 125 te-cIos de
sombreros de palma y muchos otros
productos del pals.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-02-25

<Fasa Z la "a. Pag. Col. Ca
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-08
Resources
a of Germany

The state Gominions ilctted before the
war 24S,065,563 marks a year. And they
could easily be made to produce an annual
incomc o. one billion marks These edo
lnaeHenN (state-owned agriculture! cststcs)
we're leased III large tracts to applicants Of
good sentimcn.s IN other words, to Con-
servatjvcs Many OF the tenants we're for
mer officers .. t@e army or navy, and had
10 training as farmers. hut; nevertheless
MADE large profits, while easel olders
who We're practical farmers, grew wealthy.
BY doing; away With fayoritism as practsed
by the various German governments, more
than douOia oi the REM paid could have
been obtane, as has 6eca stated again
ana again in sAc parliamcnts OF the differ
enJ states. I. is we'll known fact that
Berlin tinanclegs used to purchase large es-
tates, whose owners could not mako a liv-
ing, divide them into small farms and sell
them at large profits to email peasants. The
fnanciers nave been denounced as "Gueters-
zertrucmmcrer" (nen who make business
of cutting up large cstatcs) by the Junkers,
but the business went on because it was
profitable. The small peasant works much
more intensvely than it is possible for the
owner OF large estate and produces more
per acre and at less cost. By following the
example Of the Gueterzertrucmmere the
Allies would not only raise the annual rem.
Of the domaencn to one billion marks, but
also benefit the mass Of the German people
at the expense Of The Junkers, who arc the
bencdciaries of the present German system
OF leasing public land and the backbone Of
War-lnad militarism
ALSO, the net profit OF the prussian Sec
handling "a state banking instituted
amounting TO J,l70000 marks, can be di-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-08

not do Likewise and make a clean job. An
other billion marks could thereby be OBJ
tanned every year
The Germans, like the Austrians, Bull
garians and Turks, must not be allowed to
emigrate to other countries in order TO
evadc the heavy burden to be placed on
them. They will have to lower their stand
ard Of living, and they will still be much
better off than they were during the last
war. Net profits of all the private en-
ployers and the earnings of all employees
vii. have to be curtailed. After the Ger
mans have fulfilled their obligations to the
nations attacked by them they may find
the path back to their former prosperity.
Then there are the coal mines, partly
state owned, the annual production Of which
amounted in 1918 to 191 511,1 5A metric tons.
BY operating the state owned mines and by
levying a tax of two marks on each ton Of
coal n sum OF 400O00,o0O marks can be
raised, and coal will still be cheaper by 40
per cent than in this country. By the same
process the German production Of Ignite
87.233 084 tons-would net 200 900 900
marks.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-08

brace OF military police in their swift al
tack upon gay youth in the row ahead
With but slight explanation they removed
this deVotoc OF the theatre who WAS evadine
guard duty under the belief that his real
obligation for the evening Was 70 watch th,
big sirl act. Il heard MIN warbling out
something feeble as TO the name Of Smith
always getting mixed, but he and his COM
pamons marched into the darkness, and [
toward the single light which ever bespcak.
the entrance Tor the artists
Like the portal the stage does not change
III character except that in this instance YOU
might be shot at sunrise for splitting on the
floor and that there was a certain joyful
ness among tho Ahahi-clad stage hands. It
probably cmanated from an enthusiasm fer
the dollsr night extra which the Liberty
Theatre pays for this extra service. i'm.
aglnc both to the orchestra and to the per
sonnet OF the theatre this money looks BE-.
ter than the richer sum when working IL.
der the union
Camp Upton, with its big contingent from
New York City, could not only build The
atros and run them, but furnish all tho
talent If there was no favor in Nirt OF
skirts Skirts, however, prevail behind tic
scenes Short ones were inhabited b.,
Young ladies who were casually WORKING
on dance steps in corners, with their usual
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-08

camp in the West and again at the Champ
dc Chalons. near Rheims, ever SO many
Years ago, when the French ,armcn were
first beginning to fly, and the great plain
was lined with tho hangers Of the Noisn
school, Here again is something in the
making quick growth under intense cul-
NYation. The mysteries of creation, ever
stimulating, Stir ones senses.
take IA side glance at the girls with
whom am strolline. Although this multi
tude of strappng youths get you,' these
young women are better fitted to encounter
the battery of admiring eyes than are many
other of the women visitors to the camp
Ny people arc accustomed to being looked
at, and they are happily, not excited by it,
one wonders how company of country
girls playing the circuit of tho camp the
atrcs would comport themselves. Could
they keep their balance, as do these little
entertainers Of mcagro training? One Is
inclined TO believe that tho girl who has
%restled with tho world for her bread is
best fitted to withstand the intoxication of
prcponderanco of the male element
BY evening the older women Of the CONF
pany have found the best place to cat for
the least money. This is Il gift which de-
Fclops with years. As one o. the aged
went with the FIRST old woraan' and
had an excellent meal prepared by the men
who were taking their training in cookery
The meal was concluded hastily, with the
recollection that they rang up early, and
in the softly gathering dusk we made our
way to The huge auditorium. Dust colored
forms were ii the roadways, al bent in thc
direction OF the inviting lights that ever
hospeaA lifting Of troubles. Arnbuiances
with hi1o oloaked nurses were bacl.ing Up
to the door, the motors of the officers added
TO the opera night air.
4 big girl act was advertised upon the
posters. The small girls Of tho Big e:el
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-08
ion: Billions Year for 39H Years

amount can be brought up to 1000, 900, 600
marks by cutting out the many secret
funds Of Germany and the individual fed
cral states; these secret funds have never
been used for any decent purpose. AS the
Germans rid of their ruling houses,
they save about 100000 in anpanages, OF
which the Kaiser, as King Of Prussia, re
ceived an annual allowance Of 20,000,000
marks, and furthermore at least an equal
amount from state owned dominione to
which Russia paid an annual subsidy OF
f0,0 00. 900 marks
Cut out the interest on the pre-wsr debts
% the individual states, and you will effect
another annual saving Of 625, 100000 marks.
AS Germany aud her component states will,
anyhow. have to repudiate their war debts,
they may suspend also payment Of interest
on their other financial! obligations As
German state bonds are held practically ali
by citizens Of the Natherand, foreign coun-
5ries have no interest IN tnc meeting OF
those financial obligations u. the Nather-
land
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-08
Troops and the Tr0upes Who Entertain Them

"Gec!" said the young thing capped by the
velvet collar boz, "it kinda gets you, don't
it,"
smiled and agreed, smiled and was sorry
for her, approaching that her struggle to
make q hit might not be her only battle
But one need not be distressed for any
length Of time over a player-our moods
change. If VIC were otherwise VIC would
be lawyers and doctors and tradespeople or
the wives Of such, and there would be no
one 80 play in the theatres and keep sombre
personalities amused.
Had they been other than players, for in
stance, they might have been troubled to
find no conventional method of tran sporta-
ton at the railway station. A lawyer and
his family will not have adapted themselves
to the circumstances, but, bound by no So
cial standards, VIC women climbed up on
some huge army trucks, and Khaki and red
turhana mingled pleasantly eli route to the
hotel
The hotel: Oh times! Oh, costumcsl
Hold your breath! "Players' House" at
Camp Upton has been erected and is oper-
ated by the Young Womcn's Christian AS
socatlon. There is like hosiery ut Camp
DIX. All the other camps possessing Lib
erty theatres arc sufficiently near to towns
Tor the companies to go to and fro But
the distance is so great to Camps Upton
and Dix that it would preclude winter per
formances, and as General Pershinc has
said, GIVE me 10000 soldiers occasionally
entertained TO 10000 soldiers without
amusement" the government requested the
Y. w. C. A. 70 provide a comfortable roost
for these strange, strange birds.
II the association finds this harboring
difficult task they give no eign. Nor was
there the smallest perturbation shown when
Che guests Of the week came riding up to
tho door Of Che very charming inn on an
army truck, hoped down, bags in hand and
came calmly IN TO register
Certainly the actresses adapted them
selves to their surroundings with case.
They took the rooms assigned to them, and
following the age long custom OF their pro-
fession, began changing them Immediately.
Isabel liked Carries room and Carrie liked
lsabel's, SO they moved without disturbance
to the register Viola and Katherine dis
covered they could live IN a double room
for less money and went in together. Marie
hou NoS III uSr act ana the dog accom-
panied her.
and tho rooms arc comfortable. The
beds are easy and the coverings good there
are gay curtains at the windows and there
IS built-in dresser which could be we'll
initiated In private apartments. Moreover,
Che rooms are but 80 cents night "1'd
like TO stay here forever" said Young
lady known as Madeline, who believed in
saving her money.
II there is one criticism TO be made
OF the rules and regulations governing
the performers within the camps it Is
that the orders are not sufficiently per-
sonal in their character There is no lack
OF rules but they are printed, general rules.
tackled up in various places. which, If read
at ALL are about as carefully needed as the
ilremen's solemn warning in all theatres
against smoking. In the theatre behind
scenes, or black as the actors say. and at
Players House. these rules are displayed:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-08

tons Of salt yield an annual revenue o,
e1,ooo,ooo marks. Add another 10 pfenn;y
Of tax on every kilogram, equal 20 % Enr.
lish pounds, ard you get 65,i00,0O0 mari.
more. Ten pfennig equal CSC.
Germany derived in 1918 revenue o.
100000 marks from consumption O.
560,0o0,0o0 pounds Of tobacco, cigars aus
cigarettes. BY applying tho American tar
rates the annual revenue would hs-,
amounted to l,260000,o00 marks, an in.
crease of 11s8,00o0O0 marks To that
sum can be added 266, 722 900 marks ~
doubling the stamp taxes on drafts, check
deeds, etc Also the sugar production. which
in 1913 was 2,617,937 metric tons o. rar
sugar and 375,643 metric tons Of molagses
can bear double the present tax and yield
157 94O,794 MARKS
An inheritance tax varying according 10
amount Of inheritancos and relationship. on;
averaging . per cent, viii produce $50.
100000 marks, while the German Eno;r,
received only 10000 marks in 1915 II.
tax on unearned increment may well be a.
high as 90 per cent and produce 100 600 ooA
marks.
people was estimated to amount 20 70 per
cent of the national wealth, or u more
than 10000, 100000 marks. A tar on tn,
very small incomes can hardly be levied, or
account of the heavy indirect taxes that ar
imposed on practically every person, w-hout
consideration of their earning capacity anu
income. AS Saxony used to tax, up to a tcv
years ago, annual incomes Of 400 mar
s1o6) and Prussia still taxes annual in
comes OF / 200 marks, any income Of nor
than 1000 marks may Contribute to tic 4
lied War Compensation Indemnity Fund
The tax may be per cent OF incomes e
1000 or 1900 marks and the rate increase
up 70 90 per cent on annual incomes c.
more than 100000 marks. Such Ar ircoms
tax can produce above 7,00o,o00,0oo marx
Another billion marks can be obtaiuoc
through tax on all sales above dve marx.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-08

The forests in Germany, especially the
crown and state forests, are not operated
for revenues sake, but to offer fine hunting
places for the upper classes. That is, IL
to a lesser degree, also true Of the munich
pal and private forests; for also there no
tree may be cut without the permission of
The state forest administration. The forest
areas Of Germany, excluding those OF Asacc-
Lorraine and Prussian Poland are put at
81 100000 acres, Of which the crown forests
occupy 175,o40 acres, the state forests 10,-
100000 acres, the communal forests 6,OOO,-
. 600 acres, while the rest consists Of private
forests. On account Of the scarcity Of tim
bcr throughout the world, it is but far
to cut more trees in Germany. All tire
woods ought TO be laid down and reforested
within the mex. thirty-nine years, and an
annual revenue Of 50,000000 marks would
be produced. Such a procedure would not
be new TO the Germans. When Frederick the
Seven Years War, he cut all the timber in
large forests Oh the coast Of Prussia.
The Germans intended to reduce the pro
duction from their iron mines in order to
have sufficient supply at the next war, as
Gothein openly professcd. Kirsch and Ben
schlag figured that the untouched iron ore
deposits in the Reuhe Alb, Wurttcmberg
would easily yield 100000 tons Of pig
iron per year, nearly much as the total
German production in 1918. Plans have
been made to build railroads to make the
mining OF iron ore in the Rauhe Alb profit
able. Now the mining right is the states,
the private owners OF the land having no
title to the mineral wealth below the sur
face. Let the Allies seize the iron ore de
posits and dig them. Let them also take
charge OF the state mines, producing nearly
100000 tons Of pig iron per year, and let
them consider II they are not justified in
operating tho privately owned mines, with
al annual output Of more than 1000 900 tons.
exclusive OF the Lorraine production. The
private mining magnates, like the large
iron and steel manufacturers, have TO bear
part, and not small one, OF the respon-
Biblity for the war; and the Germans in
tended to condemn the property of the pri-
Vate mining corporations in France and
leave the unpleasant task OF rcimbursine
the private owners to the French govern
ment.
That plan certainly was approved by
the Nrupps, Qhys8cns Donnersmarhs, etc
There is 10 reason why the Allies should
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-12-08
NJ OF as Difficult
4 Y as 1t Looks

The burden thus 10 be imposed =, j.
must be admitted, i~avy, very hca7y. Bu-
the lot Of the Germans would be very nue.
better than that of the Bclgisns and the
population Of the occupied French depaI-
ments during the war, no. 10 mention TIE
scrbians, who have suffered most The Ge-
mans Will have 70 lower their standard o.
living, but not to the level to which the.
Mad forced their opponents, whom they had
conquered temporarily, not evcn TO the leye'
TO which they have been used during the
last Two years. And, while the Allies don
desire 10 crush them, the Germans deserrc
punishment; they muet be made 20 repena
and must be prevented from again attack
;ns humanity, at least during This gepcra
lion.