davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
FOUR YEARS OF WORLD-WAR REVIEWED
VICTORY NEAR AFTER FOUR
YEARS OF WAR---AMERICA
GIVES HER ALL TO ALLIES

THE world has fought its through four of bloodshee
and horror
On July 28 1914 occurred the first prompted by Prusssr
mitsrism that plunged Europe the terrible history
In the declaration of Serbia by Austria. result
of the exactly month earlier Of Archduke Francs
Ferdinand. heir of the Hapsburg dynasty
-Four years later finds only few isolated spots the map
the world which have been plunged the catastrophe Men
of all and eed their of right justice outraged
direct indirect by the Brute of Berlin have banded
together for pupo-o crush Pssanism and make the wo
safe for democracy.
The passed has witnessed declarations of against
Germany by eight nations Two Of themCns and Bszs
lands of unlimited and potenaes The other sCos
Rca. LIBERIA Nicaragua, Guatemala Haiti and HOnduras-sre small
nation. which have but recently asserted their independence and have
entered the that their freedom endures.
They leave the category Of neurss only the Scandinavian
Switzerland Holland Persia and of the South American
republics How long these will remain neutral problemstcs
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27

There is but a single railway,
leading through Fere-en-1ardenoif
over which the Germans can taks
re-enforcements into this poctet. or
get the men and supplies OF in
case Of retreat. This railway fsstks'
storm center Of the allied attack.
Its fall means defeat and possible
loss of a half million troops to the
enemy.
The world awaits the outcome Of
the gigantic battle at this moment.
Casualties VIII Mount Heresfter.
The American soldiers and the
American people are now under
going their crucial test. Our casual
ties have fortunately been small
the total was less than 1900 UP TO
the beginning OF the last offensive.
They are far smaller than were
England's or Frances in their FIRST
year OF war. But we must expect
them to mount from now on We
must face them with calm courage.
and the conviction that they are but
the price of victory.
When the Germans have become
tired of throwing themselves reck-
lessly against the allied line, then
will come the turning of the tide
that will lead to victory. Gen Foch
is waiting only until he is assured
that Americas man-power has over
come the German numerical superb
ority that resulted from the defec-
tion Of Russia when that hour ar
, rives. and il is very near. he will
launch his armies at the Germans
for the great offensive that will
drive them out OF France and Bel
gtum. That will be the crowning
| occurrence OF the nth year Of the
| war.
The year just past has been a satis-
/ factory one from the allies view
point, even without considering
American aid. 1t is likely that Il
will be considered by future his
| torians as the turning point OF the
war. From every standpoint Ger
many saw the defeat of her aims
unless Russias collapse be consid-
cred a single exception. But Ger
many's exploitation Of that stricken
| land will prove a boomerang. Even
7 tually the allies must reconouer
| Russia, and when they do Germany
will pay dearly.
Victory IL Now In Sight.
Italy, which in the early part Of the
year suffered a great and disastrous
military collapse, came back vigor-
ously toward its close and held the
Hun hordes which sought TO overrun
her plains. France and England nobly
upheld the military traditions estab-
/ lished in the first three years of war.
In the lands of our enemies the
hand of Hunger Joined with the spec
tor of Disease and. together with
I strikes in the German war industries
and racial and political unrest N
Austria Hungary, brought the most
menacing internal conditions 10 the
central empires that the war has pro-
duced. The disintegration OF the
| Austrian empire was expected. but the
HapsbUrss succeeded in preventing
a revolution.
The coming year, however. will
make conditions in Austria and Ger
many even worse and hasten the Ulti-
mate victory for civilization which
America and her allies are determined
must free the world from the reign
of brute force.
AFTER FOUR YEARS OF HOR-
RoR. THAT VICTORY Is IN SIGHT!
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
DECLARATIONS OF WAR

Herewith are given the dates
upon which nations now engaged
in the world-war declared a state
of war in existence.
Austria against Belgium, August q,
1914
Austria against Japan. August r..
1914.
Austria against Montenegro, August
Austria against Russia, August 6.
1914.
Austria against Serbia. July "a. 1874.
Brazil against Germany. October g.
1871 20 &c..
Bulgaria against Serbia, October Il,
1915, ..
China against Austria. August IA.
1917,
China against Germany. August Il,
1917.
Cuba against Germany. April Z. 1917.
France against Austria, August 10,
1914. -.
France against Bulgaria. october ls,
1915.
France against Germany. August 3,
1914.
France against Turkey. November
5, 1914.
Germany against Belgium. August
4, 1914,
Germany against France, August 3.
1914 o..
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
WORK in GOVERNMENT
FOR D. c. TEACHERS

The Civil Service Commission has
made arrangements. approved by the
President. for the employment OF
school teachers Of the District OF Co
lumbia in the government depart
ments.
Those desiring information are re-
ouired TO apply In person to the Bu-
reau OF Information of the Comziis-
sion. l72t r street northwest and az
out Sregistrstion form.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
NOVEMBER.


sLAmerican troops clash for
arst time with Germans.
7-Kerensky government over
thrown by Bolsheviki.
13-Clemenceau becomes French
premier.
22-Battle of Cambria. British
army under Gen. Byns makes sur
prise attack with tanks. Germans
by counter-attack regain lost
ground.
2e-First meeting Of interallied
conference held In Paris.
DECEMBER.
6-Munitions vessel explodes in
Halifax. Hundreds killed. and
wounded.
7-United states declares war on
Aus ria-Hungary.
s-British army captures Jeru-
salem.
23-Russia opens peace negotia-
tions with central powers at Brest-
Litovsk.
2e-U. 8. takes over railroads.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
1917.
JANUARY.

JANUARY.
51-Germaay announces unre-
strieted submarine warfare in speci-
ned zones.
FEBRUARY.
-Unlted States sewers diplo-
matte relations with Germany.
24-kut-el-Amara taken by Brit
ish.
26-President Wilson asks author
lty to arm merchant ships.
2S-washington reveals German
plot to induce Mexico and Japan to
Invade United States.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
1916.

JANUARY.
s-Great Britain adopts conscrip-
tion.
's-Allies evacuate Gallipoli.
FEBRUARY.
10-Germany warns neutral pow
er. that armed merchantmen will be
sunk without warning.
21-Germans begin battle OF ver-
dun. Lasts till July, resulting in
failure of Germans to take fortress.
MARCH.
S-Germany declares war on
Portugal.
24-French Steamer .sussex" tor
pedoed without warning. Americans
killed.
APRIL.
1S-United States sends ultima
tum to Germany on Sussex sinking.
warning her that unless she aban-
dons present methods of submarine
warfare this country will sever dip
lomatie relations.
Ef-lTlSn TeNOlI IN "ClNC
killed before it is put down.
29-British garrison at Rut-el-
Amara surrenders to Turks.
MAY.
+Germnny acknowledges sink
ing of Sussex and meets main de-
mands Of the United States.
16-Austrians begin great attack
on Italian positions in Trentino.
31-Naval battle of Jutland. Brit
ish lose II ships, Germans IL.
JUNE.
5-Lord Kitchener browns on
cruiser.
21-AlIied economic conference
agrees on boycott of Germany after
the war.
battle of the Somme begins.
Allies fail to break German lines.
AUGUST.
3-Sir Roger Easement hanged
for treason.
S-Italians capture Gorizia.
27-Italy declares war on Ger
many. Roumania enters war.
.s OCTOBER.
! Sherman submarine sinks ships
off American coast.
NOVEMBER.
21-Emperor Franz Joseph of
Austria-H Hungary dies.
Belgian deportntIons-
DECEMBER.
6-Lloyd George heads new Brit
; ish ministry.
12-Germany's proposal for peace
rejected by allies.
proposal to belIigerents.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
JULY.

1-Grand Duke Michael starts
counter revolution in Siberia.
Italians make gains in Asiago
region capturing 1000 prisoners.
1More than 1000, 900 American
troops In France, Secretary Baker
announces. American troops cnp-
ture Enux.
-Ninety-one wooden and steel
ships lafnched In American ship
yards.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27

ting Austria Hungary closer to
Germany. is agreed upon.
14-Italian submarine sinks Aus
trian battleship in Pola Harbor.
1s-British arrest several hundred
plotters in Ireland revolt.
27-Germans begin third phase of
drive in 40-mile blow from Vauxvil-
lon to Rheims. Take Chemin-des-
Danes.
2s-AmerIcan forces capture Can
tigny.
29-Germans take Scissors. Their
rush is halted near Rheims.
31-Germans reach Marne at Cha
teau Thierry. Americans prevent
them from crossing.
JUNE. .
5-AlIies declare for an indepen-
dent Poland and approve national
aspirations of Czechs and Jugoslavs.
7-French md American Marines
drive enemy out Of Chateau Their
~.
9-Germans start fourth drive on
2O-mile front between Montdidier
and Noyon. Make small advance.
11-American Marines take Bel
Ieau Wood.
15-Austrians begin great often
sive against Italy on 97-mile front.
I7-British, French and Italians
stop Austrian drive and hurl foe
back across Piave.
21-Dr. Won Seydler resigns as
Austrian premier.
24-German Foreign Secretary
Kuehlmann declares war cannot be
ended by military victory.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
SEPTEMBER.

5-French government removed tenn
porarily to Bordeaux. Russians occu-
py Lemberg.
+Germans cross the Marne.
5-England, France and Russia make
no-separate-peace agreement.
6-1e-Battle of the Marne- Germans
driven back to the Aisne.
G-German, Southwest Africa con-
quered by Gen. Botha-
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27

27-Canadian hospital ship Liam
dovery Castle" torpedoed. 234 kill
ed.
30-American, British and French
marines take Kola, on Arctic Coast,
to protect allied stores.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27

1e-Cnpt Boyd and Capt Won
Papen, German military attaches
to the United states, recalled on de-
mand of this government.
15-Sir Douglas Haig takes COM
mand of the British army in France.
30-British passenger ship "Per-
sIn' sunk without warningt 200
drown, including American consul
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
DECEMBER.

SBritish sink four German cruisers
on Falkland islands.
9-French government return to
Paris.
1s-German warships raid British
coast towns, killing 90 persons.
l7-Egypt proclaimed a British pro-
tectOrate.
s+First German air raid on Eng
land.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
1915.
JANUARY.

JANUAk1.
SBritain. in replying to American
note on detention of neutral ships,
claims right to do 50.
2-British naval victory in North
Sea. German armored cruiser sunk.
FEBRUARY.
2Britain makes all food shipments
contraband.
+Germany proclaims ''war zone
around the British Isles after Febru-
ary IS.
1O-UnIted states protests against
war rome decree.
1-German proclamation goes into
effect. Her submarines begin cam
paign Of piracy and pillage."
MARCH.
1-Great Britain declares blockade
of German coast.
IT-Russians capture PrzemysL
APRIL.
|UnIted States demands repnra-
tisn from Germany for sinking Of
civilian p. Frye
es-Allied troops land on Gallipoli
Peninsula.
MAY.
1-"GuInIght," American steam
ship, sunk by submarine. Two
Americans lost.
Russians retire from carpa-
thians- Lose 10000 men.
7-Brltlsh liner .Lusitaniao sunk
BY Submarines LISA lives lost, ia
being Americans.
sinking of "Lusltania."
23-Italy declares war on Aus
tria-Hungary.
2-Germany's answer to United
states note on .LusitanIa' alleges
liner was armed.
JUNE.
s-Przemysl retaken by Germans
and Anstrians.
-seeretary of State Bryan re-
sIgas, lansing appointed.
22-Austro-Germans recap urs
Lemberg.
za-steamer Armenian sunk by
GeruaansJ IL Americans lost.
= AUGUST.
4-Germans capture Warsaw.
marinedJ two Americans lost.
SEPTEMBER.
1-Germany agrees to sink nc
more liners without warning.
eUnlted States demands recall
Of Assfro Hungarian Ambassador
DR.. Damba-
1sLviIna captured by Germans
ending Russian retreat.
25-AIiies begin unsuccessful
campaign to break through German
lines.
OCTOBER.
s-Austro German Bulgarian
conquest OF Serbia begins.
1EGreat Britain declares war on
Bulgaria.
DECEMBER.
4 Turks drive British back from
Bsedad.
Ford peace ship sails.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
MARCH.

7-United States begins armIng
merchant ships.
11-British capture Bagdad.
11-15-Czar Nicholas abdicates.
Provisional Russian government
formed.
1s-Germans retire to Hindenburg
line.
APRIL.
s-UnIted States declares war ON
Germany.
S-Austria-Hangary sewers dip
lomatie relations with the United
States. Brazil sewers relations with
Germany.
2o-Turkey sewers relations with
United states.
24-PresIdent Wilson signs ST.
900 900 900 war bond issue.
MAY.
| limited States destroyers ar
rive I'm British waters.
ia. +. Kerensky becomes min
lister of war in Russia.
1s-President Wilson signs seIec-
tive service BILL
| JUNE.
British blow up Messines
Ridge, capturing $500 prisoners.
| liking Constantine of Greece
abdicates.
1s-First Liberty Loan of $1,000
100000 oyersubscribed by $685.
Oo0, 900.
2e-First American troops reach
JULY.
| Russia begins unsuccessful
offensive in Galicia under leadership
of Kerensky.
2o-Drafting of seIective service
army takes place at washington.
kerensky becomes premier of Rus
sia.
AUGUST.
1o-Cenxress passes food and fuel
control bill.
cefved.
SEPTEMBER.
s-Luxburg dispatches, aspurIos
ycrsenkt' revealed by United States.
OCTOBER.
! 24-German Austrian drive in
Italy begins. Italians make final
stand at Piave River.
27-second Liberty Loan for a.
o00. 200 900 oversubseribed.
so-Count Won Hertling made
German chancellor,
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
1918.
JANUARY.

1-Earl 1SehuluS dppOihtcu DIV
ish high commissioner TO the United
States.
-PresIdent Wilson addresses
Congress on Americas stand for
World peace, setting forth fourteen.
tions of right"
1e-aHeatless Monday order an
nouneed By U. 8. fuel administra-
tion.
24-Chancellor Won Hertling re-
plies to peace terms OF Premier
Lloyd George and President Wilson.
30-Strikes in German war indus
tries.
SBritIsh liner Tuseania with
2,2O0 American soldiers on board
.torpedoed. One hundred and seven
ty soldiers die.
14-Bolo Pasha sentenced to death
for treason.
24Russia accepts German peace
terms, giving up one-fourth Of Euro
pean Russia. 49,
26-Rumania enters peace negotia-
tions with central powers.
2T-Japan proposes to intervene
In siberia. United states withholds
approval.
MARCH.
10-Ameriean troops now at four
points on the West front-Lorraine
'front.', In the Champagne, In Alsace,
on the hemin-des-Dames.
11-Ameriean soldiers at Toul go
'Iover the top for first time and re-
turn without loss.
2o-UnIted States takes Dutch
vessels. ....
2l-Germans begin most stupendous
attack of the war against fifty miles
Of British and French line, from Arras
to La rere. Break through the lines.
2S-Paris bombarded by long-range
guns.
2s-Gen. Pershing offers all
American forces I'm France to stem
German advance.
29-German advance halted on ninth
day, after granting more than 1000
square miles. Gen. Foch made gen.
eralissimo Of allied forces. Seventy
five persons killed in a Paris church
by German guns.
APRIL.
4-Germans renew offensive near
Amiens, but fail to penetrate lines.
American troops occupy sector
around Verdun.
@UnIted States army totals
!, 500, 900 men and III, roo officers.
11-French government makes
public a letter from Emperor Karl
to President Poincare justifying
Frances claim, to Alsace-Lorraine
and the re-establishment of Belgium
and Serbia.
16-Americans repulse German st
tseks near st. MihIeL
15-CharIes NJ. schwab made d.
rector of Emergency Fleet Corpora
tion.
2o-Americsn troops. score victory
Mt Seieheprey.
21-Guatemala declares war.
23-British sink concrete-laden
cruisers in harbors of ostend and
zeebrugge, blocking submarine
| bases. &c.,.
24-Germans open second phase
of 1918 offensive at Amiens and
Ypres. Break through.
| MAY.
3-Germans complete conquest of
Finland.
Third Liberty Loan oversub-
scribed.
| Nicaragua declares war.
1s-Austro-German alliance, knit
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
OCTOBER.

9-Germans occupy Antwerp.
1T-Allies begin first battle cf Tpres,
repulsing German drive for channel
ports.
SHERMAN armies driven back from
Warsaw. Revolt in South Africa put
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
AUGUST.

1-Germany declares war on Russia
and invades Luxemburg. France mo-
bilizes.
2-Germany sends ultimatum to Bel
gium, demanding free passage for her
troops.
S-Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium.
EGreat Britain serves ultimatum on
Germany, demanding assurance that
neutrality Of Belgium be respected.
Great Britain declares war on Ger
many. Germans attack Liege and De-
gin to overrun Belgium.
s-Austria-Hungary declares war on
Russia
First British troops land in
France.
IO-France declares war on Austria
Hungary.
1lGreat Britain declares war on
Austria Hungary.
23-Japan declares state Of war with
Germany.
26-Germans destroy Louvain. Rus
SLAMS defeated at Tannenberg.
2SBritish sink five German naval
ships in North Sea
3O-Allies retreat to Seine after Ger
mans take Amiens.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
NOVEMBER.

1-German squadron wins naval bat
tie with British of Chile.
Great Britain declares state of
var with Turkey, and annexes island
of Cyprus.
japanese capture Tsingtau.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
CHRONOLOGY OF PRINCIPAL WAR EVENTS
OF FOUR YEARS SINCE GREAT CONFLICT
PLUNGED WHOLE WORLD INTO CHAOS

Here conooscay of the four of that
tomorrow Those United figured n Hkfed
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27

CONTINUED ON PAGE FOUR.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
APRIL.
MAY.

+United States destroyers ar
rive In British waters.
ia. F. Kerensky becomes min
lister of war in Russia.
1s-President Wilson signs seIec-
tive service bill.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27

3-Germans complete conquest of
Finland.
-Third Liberty Loan oversub-
scribed.
Nicaragua declares war.
13-Austro-German alliance, knit
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
1914.

JUNE.
%Archduke Francis Ferdinand and
his wife assassinated at Serajevo by
Serbian student, Princip.
-
JULY.
@Austria sends ultimatum to Ser
bia demanding punishment of assas-
sins and suppression Of pan-Serbian-
ism
2@Austria-H Hungary declares war on
Serbia. Germany mobilizes.
51-Russia mobilizes- Worlds stock
markets close.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
JUNE.
JULY.

Russia begins unsuccessful
offensive in Galicia under leadership
of Kerensky.
2o-Drafting of seIective service
army takes place at Washington.
kerensky becomes premier of Rus
sia.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27
MARCH.

of German coast.
n-Russians capture PrzemysL
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27

In this great offensive, which Is
still proceeding. and which is the
greatest allied offensive since the
Russian debacle OF 1917. the Ameri-
cans, aided by the French, Italians
and British have regsined all the
territory taken by the Huns in their
offensive of July Is.
Not only have they done this. but,
by some OF the most brilliant fight
ing Of the world war. they have
practically pocketed the 100000
troops comprising the army of the
German crown prince between
Rheims and Soissona
The Washington herald., 1918-07-27

1UnIted states demands repnra-
tisn from Germany for sinking of
civilian p. Frye
s-Allied troops land on Gallipoli
Peninsula.
Newport daily independent., 1918-07-26
EsKIMoS ARE HAPPY PEOPLE
Have No Fear of Death, Are ChildIike in Nature, Humorous and
 Inquisitive.

In Herschel island, where the sun shines continuously for eight weeks in summer, the Eskimos had sun dance, not always clothed in the garments of propriety. They had an idea that when the sun came back it's movements were directed by an invisible power, but they had no tangible conception or God. They had no belief in a future fife, either of reward or punishment. Today they are religious, truthful, kind to their children and to the aged. They are ambitious to learn; they are prac- tical, extremely industrious, sanitary in their habits, well clothed and well housed. Insanity is unknown, but tu- berculosis is quite common.
 They whale in summer and trap ID winter. They are clever in trading, good workers on land, water and ice, and take excellent care of their house hold effects. Tools, if broken, are neatly repaired. When at Herschel island or Fort McPherson they eat the white mans food with great relish. ln summer they eat their fish and blubber raw and in winter frozen.
 The Eskimos have no fear of death if told that death is approaching they will respond with complacent smile. They are very happy people. Their natures are childlike and they do not continue in the same frame of mind for two minutes at time. They are good-natured and humorous and very inauisitive. Their emotions are sud- den and short-lived--uproari hap py one moment and almost crying the uext.
Newport daily independent., 1918-07-26
SWIM TEN FEET A SECOND
interesting Fat4ts Developed in Scie--,, tific Study of Habits
 of Fish.

The speed at which fish can swim is summarized by the Scientific Amer ican from recent studies as follows:
 "A Belgian authority, c. Denil, while studying fishways, concluded that aal- mon could swim at speed of 3.15 me ters a second for at least If meters. A Canadian, G. F. Napier, from inyes- tigations in the Frazer river, expressed the opinlon that the limiting velocity of steady stream up which a sockeye salmon could swim very short dis tance was between six and seven miles an hour. Finally, H. von Bayer of the United States bureau of fisheries de- clared that the velocity of the current in fishways should not exceed ten feet a second. These various figures, ar rived at independently, are substan- tially in agreement From his own studies on fishways in Massachusetts Emerson Stringham found that com mon species of alewife could swim for at least a few feet through water flow ing about ten feet a second, about the limit for fishways."
Newport daily independent., 1918-07-26
COW LAKE.

As it has been some time since we sent in items from Cow Lake, thought a few would not be amiss.
 Crops are looking fine since the rain and everybody is busy with smile on their face.
 School is going on at the new school house, with Prof. Thompson, of Eight Mile, as teacher.
 Our Sunday school is we'll attended every Sunday afternoon at o'clock. We also have prayer meeting every Sunday night.
 There will be a box supper at the school house Saturday, August 3, for the purpose of finishing paying on our liberty bond, and buying some more seats and defraying other ex penses. Everybody is invited to come out and help in this worthy cause.
 A Subscriber.
Newport daily independent., 1918-07-26
Everyday Courage.

The courage of the rush forward, moment of high purpose born of a sudden impulse, that is one sort. Then there is the stick-to-it courage, and that is of great value. Still an. other is the simple resolution to do the obvious right and best thing at the moment, without demur or timid de- lay, and that is the most important of all.
 The quiet courage of every day, that does it's best hour by hour, and accepts as part of the days work the losses and penalties that the steadfast doing right must often bring-this is the highest courage of all. It wins no medals, it is never lauded as heroism, even its posses sors seldom think of it as bravery or fortiiude, yet it is the quality which keeps the moral world from defeat. and makes the common life of the com. mon people strong and safe.