davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14
Hard and Soft Water

II. P.-What is The difference between
hard and soft water, and how can the
Two kinds Of water be distinguished !
The difference between hard and soft
water consists in that hard water con-
tains certain salts that are not con-
tanned at all or in very small Quanti-
ties in soft water These are almost
always calcium or magnesium salts, ex-
tracted from the earth through which
the water has passed. It is, therefore,
easy 20 understand why they are not
contained in rain water. which is
formed by the aqueous vapor more or
less contained in the air.
When soap is employed with hard
water there is produced d chemical
transformation in which the soap is
changed into substance that does not
dissolve in water. while soap used with
soft water produces q substance that
dissolves in water and gives an excel
lent lather, and is, therefore, good TO
wash with. Hard water can be distin-
gulshed from soft water by an exami-
nation with soap solution.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14
Queries and Answers

we'll known proofs for this assertion.
saiiva, owing to its soothing effect,
improves the voice Vinegar. on the
contrary, has quite contrary effect
The harshest voices have, among men.
the cider drinkers, and, among women.
the pear eaters. There are, or the
other hand, some spices that affect the
voice favorably. Thus, sweet oranges
are favorable, and unfermented lemon
juice mixed with water is excellent for
the voice. What, however. should he
avoided IN all foods is pepper and. for
the same reason. also all excessively
speed sauces and irritating pastries
Sugar often causes inhammable irrita-
tons of the palate and a tagging or
the vocal cords. Sugared dishes
creams, compotes, etc. mast as much as
TnsS'ole De avoided by persons who
gans of speech
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14

is Member of Parliament, a privy
councillor and newspaper pro-
prietor, and he brought the she'll
into the House of Commons to show
the government and, incidentally,
the press gallery, where l was sit
ting at the time.
Another day l was at the phone.
1t was Saturday morning. My wife
suddenly interrupted me with {:
"There's 4 dreadful air raid on"
Four out Of five children were
away, either shopping or otherwise
exposed, and here, right approach
ing cur house direct, were scores
Of planes, sailing in perfect order
The air hummed as if bees were
in thousands. The raiders turned
into London, and we heard the dull
ground reverberations of bombs
bursting Several of these daylight
raids disturbed us about that time.
An intimate friend and neighbor Of
mine very nearly lost his life in
one. His business is in mid-London,
where he employs seventy people,
most of whom are girls. A raid
was. on, and the girls were watch
ing the planes from the street.
Ny friend sent them indoors, then
stood for a moment with two errand
boys, and thought how pretty the
hiers looked, with the sunlight
glinting on them as on the fins of
o fish. In moment all went black.
Every faculty of perception-sight,
hearing, feeling-was numbed My
friend thought II am dead" then
THE building is on top of me-"
and next he found himself blown
down a passage many yards, while
two pathetic figures lay prone. One
boy was killed, the other was
wounded badly. A bomb had fallen
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14
BY P. w. WILSON
American Correspondent Of The London Doily Ne7rsv

clal interest to me personally. But
before l crossed the ocean had
survived so many of these atten-
tons that l read on to other news
and avoided useless anxiety. Still,
there are at my house a wife and
i've children, with two maids. and
we have done what we could in a
Christian spirit to help German res
ldents who happened to be in dis
tress owing to the war, which was
not popular kind of philanthropy
just at the moment. However, let
US proceed to our reward.
! We have had a trying time this
week" SO read, "and we have much
to be thankful for. / don't want
you to worry, but the last raid was
the worst for US here. l have let
the children sleep latterly, because
the weather has been bitter, and /
felt that the risk of catching cold
was greater than the other. Of
course, we may never have anything
like 1t again, or so near. The noise
woke all up. 1t was terrific.
Christopher (aged years. said !:
1t made me open me eyes. 1t made
me curls shake Nurse and I car
ried them down and Rugged them
tight, but all was over then. Fort
unately, only fields suffered.
My wife adds:
II was sorry for Mrs. Mcneil.
She had five in bed with measles
rash out and high temperature.
Poor dear, she looks so tired"
Mrs. McNeill is the American
wife of the famous preacher, the
Rev. John McNeill, who left his
church at Denver to do his bit in
Europe and Egypt with the Y. NJ.
C. A.
Things don't always dawn on one
all at once. But a further letter
contained remarks about the roof
being mended and the cost falling
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14

My friend had a partner. He
went out to see the damage and
noticed a horse standing quietly in
the street, with a big lorry, as we
call it, behind it. 1t was great
cart horse and wholly imperturb-
able. Probably the beast imagined
that the bomb was some new kind
of car, and that no attention need
be paid. Anyway, the horse stood
there meditating. But the cart was
on fire, and the partner, knowing
about horses, loosed the harness.
He found himself up to the
neck IN water. In his excitement
he had not noticed that the bomb
had burst a main pipe of immense
diameter, and it is a fact that the
estimable lover of horses was near
" sucked down by the current, in
which event he would have disap-
peared from human ken without
one witness being present to tell
the tale. I have dined with that
man and heard the story from his
own lips
Zeppelins are much less formi-
dable than aeroplanes. Usually you
can see them. They move more de-
liberately, and searchlights fasten
on them. My wife has watched two
brought down. l am only Eng
ljsh and have seen, not two, but
one of these interesting occur
rences. Away in the sky, nearly
three miles up, lowered what looked
like a seasick cigar. A faint point
of light traced hieroglyphics near
it, among the fixed stars. That was
the attacking aeroplane. The Yep
pelin began to blush family. The
blush spread, hectically. over the
entire surface of the monster. 1t
broke into lurid flame. Very slow
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14

such danger. Wives are Drawer;
they cling to their firesides. Natu-
rally, the risk to each individual is
small. London gives one the i'm
preston of a city which is wholly
built over. Given an aeroplane
over London, and you would say
that 1t could not miss something or
other-it must make a hit every
time. 1t is not so. Apart from
open spaces there are, behind the
buildings, unsupported areas Of
land devoted to backwards, curl
Gus little gardens and so on. The
chance of hitting a building, even
IN mid-London, is only about one
in ten, and as you 90 out into the
suburbs the chance diminishes. The
noise is horrible. 1t affects the
health. And one curious result Of
the strain IS that people turn cold;
they SILVER, not with fright, as is
often said, but with excitement.
which uses up heat. When an
alarm is given we usually put on
overcoats. even indoors, and drink
hot things-tea or coffee, which
remedies for cold feet make quite
= difference.
Raids now occur on dark as we'll
as on moonlight evenings. Warn
ing is now given by loud police
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14

ly the flame, like blood, dropped
down. And doavn. And still dolcn
1t seemed minutes that it took to
fall. The flame kindled into light
ming, ragged and rose-red For twen-
ty miles around the land was illunli-
mated, till you could see to read a
newspaper Then the awful thing,
like Lucifer falling from heaven,
disappeared, and a ftful glow
marked where a score of 'charred
and shattered bodies lay black in
the sudden darkness.
Think Of us standing one
fine evening at an open WIN
dow, in a home as peaceful as
your own, and watching that ap-
palling drama You had the sense
that, amid the silence, you were
quite alone-alone with destiny
and with God and with the devil.
But when the last flicker has fallen
into utter gloom and nothing re-
manned in the sky but the point of
light which still marked the gyra-
lions Of the triumphant aeroplane.
there arose what even in America
you will allow me to call the great
est cheer on earth. Millions of
others were also watching that as
tonishing scene, and they raised
their voices in defiant eXultation
ever cruel foe.
London is not inclined to sur
render to these perils Our deep
level railroad tubes are available
for the nervous, but these are chief
ly aliens living in the poorer quar-
ters. About 100000 take refuge
in tubes during every air raid.
Some people have moved away;
usually it is the husband who in
sists on migration, because he can
not see his wife and children in
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14

Natures own slowly unfolding meth
DDS, she guides the child up the path
winding hither and thither of the
mountain of life.
Faith, Hope and Love
Wise is the patient care of this
guide, knowing no fear, even when the
child errs, for has not the great Goethe
told US that, while man has aspiration
he cannot but err? Has not the newer
t-dramatist Ibsen, for all his grave
sense Of human culpablity. shown us
SoIveig, the mother, waiting at the
crossroads till Peer Gynt learns that
he has chosen the wrong path, patient
through all the years for him to come
TO her in his old age TO purge his soul
Of dross and fill it with the truth?
"Where was 2" he asks, as he kneels
before her, dazed by his sense OF fail
ure--the man, rich in worlds success
but barren in things Of the soul
where was as myself, the whole
man, the true man ?"
an my faith, in my hope. in my
love" answered the eternal woman
undaunted in her belief in the final
outcome.
"rhc boy has been resting on his
mothers lap.
They two have been playing all tho
life day long.
The boy mas been lying close to my
breast,
An the life day long.
The boy bas been lying close to my
heart,
All the life day long.
/ viii cradle you,
| viii watch over you"
"Wifc, mother, sister art thou" an
awered the newly inspired Peer, seeing
her for :he first time as she was. the
woman not OF flesh alone. nor OF intel
lect, nor Of this world, but the spiritual
mother Of the race.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14
Home Life in the Shadow -
T@ T3@f the Gothas

coolly remarked from under the
table: II think I'll pretend to be
frightened" She did not hear what
really alarmed us. 1t was not the
shrapnel, but-about every twenty
minutes-the unmistakable rhythm
of engines, German Gothas. not
far off-sometimes actually over
head. That, I confess, is always
a little trying when you have young
children prattling under your table.
Burst fragments Of shrapnel do
not seriously injure roofs, but some
times a shell fails to explode in the
air and comes down whole. One
such projectile went clean through
house few doors off mine, and
another was deposited-during a
daylight raid-in the office where
Sir Henry Dalziel was working. He
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14
By Wilbur F orYest

W.T. tbs sEe .MEa,ESJ BAKER lIMv AND Nd
FRANCE, March 15.-Secrc-
tary Baker is a sticklcr for detail.
I>~uveIling from the American ports
of debarkation over the lines of com
muncation to the firing line, the Sec
rotary often delayed his party. hclud
ing General Pershing, to satisfy a
curiosity and an almost analytical
probe for details, He takes no notes.
His training for Law Causes him to
carry his notes in his head. If he re-
ports all he investigated to President
Wilson on his return here are few
Of the details he will explain:
Passing through one of the cook
tents at an American port, the Secre-
tary ASKED baker some pointed ques-
tons about the bread and the process
of mixing. The maker explained in 4
was not satisfied. Leaving the tent, he
picked up loaf, broke it in two pieces
and handed half to his private secrc-
tary, Ralph Hayes. AS they walked
away both sampled the product libor-
ally. The joint verdict elected was
that the bread was good.
At another port the Secretary visited
re-mount station where some hun
dreds of mules, fresh from Mssouri
were rea4y to go to the front. An Of
ficer CASUALLY mentioned that it would
he necessary ut this station to "debray"
all the mules that arrived. This term
was a new one on Baker and he de-
manded an explanation. He learned
that every American army mule must
leave his bray behind before going
anywhere near the firing lines. A
slight operation on the nose is all that
10 necessary When atmospheric con
usually the presence of other
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14

whistles, blown by constables on
cars and cycles. and by sirens. All
clear. is sounded by bugles, which
Boy Scouts usually play. When
that clear note is heard we know
that the visitors have returned
home and that souvenir hunting
alone remains to be done. A nice
bit Of platinum adorns our drawing
room-a memento of Count Yep
pelin. And to this, doubtless, they
have now added broken tiles.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14
Nelv Paris Raid Rule
Restricts Danger
From Hun Airships
By Harry Kurz
THE science Of probabilities, as
is termed in the gsntls stud


is termed in the gentle study
of mathematics, is very much
la mode during those rude moments
when Boche airplanes hover over ths
white capital of France.
Vague guesses become the general
theme of conversation as to whether
the danger from scurrying taxis is
greater than the death that may come
hurting through the air Can one with
any presumption of safety proceed
through the streets ON the theory that
two dangers make one protection, and
that to expose ones self to taxis and
airplanes at the same time is the
surest guarantee of getting off unfn-
jured?
Various meetings between the law
makers and theatrical managers have
resulted in some few safeguards
adopted to avoid panics or actual de-
struction of life, such as resulted in
the Paris subway some weeks ago
Some theatres have changed the hours
of their performance to the two safest
hours of the day, from five to seven
IN the afternoon. Others have provided
sufficient underground protection for
their audiences. The municipality of
Paris has arranged to notify each
theatre or moving picture house by
telephone of the danger from the
Gothas. The walls of the theatres are
placarded with notices directing mem
bers of the audience to the nearest
exits to safety. In this respect. the
authorities of Paris are initiating our
own red-llt exits in case of fire, though
the essential difference is that in
Paris audiences will not pour out in
to the streets, but will go promptly
into suhterranean galleries. The style
OF underground theatres may even
come into fashion as a result of the
aerial menace
Another interesting result is to be
found in the special regulations which
nave been enforced concerning the use
OF telephones during the progress of a
raid. Parisians are invited not to use
the telephone while Boche planes are
cong their nefarious work, as the
wires are practically all pre-empted
by special needs, such as calls for doc
tors. calls to the fire department and
messages intended to summon relief
to districts stricken. These are wise
precautions, in view Of the fact that
the personnel Of the telephone bureaus
are never in hurry, and that they
are none too numerous. They also az
sure the service of communication
where it is most necessary during
time of danger.
The project of police has issued
the order that no factory whistles or
sirens, electrical or steam, are to
be operated, except in case of "Alerte,"
to warn those near by that air raiders
are coming. This holds for all fac
tories in Paris and in the Depart
ment of the Seine.
These laws and provisions have all
been recently decided on as a result
of the air raid at the beginning Of
March that caused the death in the
Metropolitan subway Of seventy peo-
pie and the wounding of thirtv-one.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14
Rcctifying an Error
In Packing Uniforms

The Secretary's analytic mind and
eagle eye caught up mistake in the
big quartermaster warehouse, where
negro laborers from Alabama were
sorting uniforms for the front He
noticed that the goods were being re-
packed into heavy pine boxes, whereas
they had made probably $500 miles in
lighter packing cases. There's too
much waste of material and effort
there" he suggested. The officer in
charge promised to rectify the error.
On train Baker CHANGED to meet a
certain American manufacturer OF
Sam Browne belts. The manufacturer
who has an army contract, accepted the
Secretary's suggestion that large num-
bers of ordinary army belts should be
turned back and be reconverted with
the addition of the shoulder strap, in
stead of wasting huge quantities Of
leather necessary to build entirely new
belts.
At certain city in the chateau re-
gion of France the Secretary discov-
cred that his series of inspections
could be made with twenty minutes to
spare before time for the special train
to leave for the next stop I'm going
to utilize this fence corner of my time
to do little sightseeing,' he re-
marked, and the entire party, includ-
ing General Pershing and three other
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14
FEW days ago I had let

A FEW days ago I had let
n tiers from my home in Eng
1 \ land. Some were from my
wife, others from my children and
others came from friends. These
lstters were, therefore, private, but
hey contain certain hints which
say be Of interest to the American
wople, especially at this time, when
uu are all discussing the big Ger
nan gun that has bombarded Paris.
That engine of frightfulness is as
wicked as anything that Germans
lave yet invented. 1t has TO mill
uy value. At range of seventy
niles its projectiles cannot be
smed at any particular mark. It's
ole purpose is to hurl death into
asas densely crowded with un-
AIMED women and children. And
ak is what happens to London dur
ing an air raid.
Ny boy tells me that at his
shool they have spent their time
hunting for souvenirs" You know
VIA. is meant by that. Even the
shoots are bombed. In one case a
heavy missile. fell clean through all
floors, into the basement, where
thirty children, five years old, were
learning their alphabet and playing
asr little games. The monitors
mdthe entire class were reduced to
-souvenirs.
w. daughter is a high spirited
maiden, thirteen years old, with
American blood in her veins. Some
how or other she finds it difficult
70 maintain her usual composure
during the lesson in German. Il
Illustrate the fall of shrapnel,' she
writes. 'in an athletic way APP
parently, something has prejudiced
her against ~kultur".
Of course, I knew that air raids
were going on in London. I could
tell from the reports that the visi-
nfs often crossed districts of espe-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14
Boulevard

T. C.-The word boulevard means
"bulwark" or fertilization. and tbus
has direct reference to he old ram
parts. But since the middle of the
nineteenth century the title has been
applied to new thoroughfares not
traced on the site of an OIL enceinte'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14

on air raid insurance. And I real.
lzed that my own home. with the
whole of my immediate family
gathered inside, had been hit, either
cy some fragment of the bomb.
bursting near by, or by a piece Of
shrapnel, which is, of course, much
less dangerous.
My wife and her neighbor, Mrs.
Mcneil, had been bred-I would re-
pcat-American citizens. Those
ten children are your own flesh and
blood. Several were born in Amer
lea. From brutal attacks on such
innocent people no conceivable mil
ltary advantage is to be gained. If
deaths had resulted-I write logical
~ and calmly-the only effect would
have been to cancel food tickets
and save rations.
What Londoners are coinc
through has not cowed their spirits.
Many Of them have breathed YOUR
arr But ask of German-Ameri-
cans in this country, do you defend
this business? How would YOU
talk u your homes in Milwaukee or
CINCINNATI were thus bombed? How
safe you are-sheltered from your
own Kaiser by American and Brit
lsh armies and navies and, most of
all, by France! You came here for
the one purpose Of escaping from
your Kaiser. How safe you are
and, ms some cases, how complacent.
l am not surprised that most of YOU
have dropped the hyphen and be-
come loyal Americans. You ought
to be the most convinced of all
Americans, for it is you who owe
the greatest debt to the land which
has offered you an escape from the
barbarism and tyranny of the coun-
try from which you fled while YOU
had the chance. Not one of you
would go back there, yet some of
you still play the German game
over here. And you play it against
the Interests not only of my chill
dren, but of your own. If your
Vaccinations succeed, your sons and
your daughters in this country will
rise up to curse your folly.
When [ was in London air raids
usually occurred when the moon
was high, and l. have been through
dozens of them. Take one instance:
We had finished supper, about
a quarter before eight. Ny wife
and I, with my boy and girl, now
at high school, walked to mail a
letter. Ours is a purely residential
district. We were coming back
when various anti-aircraft batteries
doomed forth barrage. That made
US hurry, for shrapnel, however
friendly, descends like gentle rain
from heaven upon the heads be-
meath, and a roof is safer. Home
again, lights were extinguished or
shaded. There is no cellar in nv
house, and cellars are useless IN
less the roof is concrete. But we
brought two other youngsters from
their beds-the girl aged four and
the boy aged three years-and put
them under the dining room table
with mattresses on top. For a di-
rect hit this would be no protec-
ton, but for anything in the neigh
borhood it would probably keep off
glass and splinters. My wife held
the baby, aged six months, in the
dark
For nearly four hours we sat
like that while the raid continued.
The defences fired 10000 rounds Of
high explosive shrapnel. Hundreds
of projectiles passed over US so
close that the sound was like our
dog howling-indeed, we went out
to see what was the matter with the
creature, and found him quiet.
About 10 o'clock my little girl
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14
Film Will Help
In Telling Story

Though President Wilson cannot
come to France to see for himself he
will have the opportunity of seeing
more than 1900 feet of lin and over
500 Still" photographs detailing the
American effort in France with the re-
turn OF Secretary Baker to Washing
ton.
Throughout the Secretarys tour of
inspection army photographers and
movie men logged his every step, tax
ing over one hundred views of the Sec
rotary and General Pershing Sin ac-
ton" from the French Atlantic ports
to the firing line somewhere in the far
interior. simultaneously the movie
camera was clicking, making not only
complete record for the national
historical archives, but hundreds Of
feet for the American public More
than 500 'still'' views of American con-
struction work, from the docks,
throughout the immense storehouse
areas OF the lines of communication to
the actual fighting front, have been
taken, and will be carried personally
to the President by the Secretary.
AS the War Secretary has taken only
mental notes of the great construction
areas, the photographs will aid him
accurately to tell the President what
has been done. ana. more important,
what remains to be done.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-14

generals, French officers, officials and
all, inspected q medieval cathedral, a
castle built by Louis X and a number
of chateaus. The night before the ar
rival in the town Baker had spent an
hour on French guidebook which
gave him the principal points of inter-
est-in case there might happen to be
fence corners Of timeN to fll.