davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24
$4,000 DAKOTA ANS.
IN SERVICE. SAYS
GENERAL FRASER
Report to Crowder Dis
closes States Quota to
Army and Navy.

Bismarck, N. D., Aug. 24.-In
round numbers North Dakota now
has in the national guard, the ma
ttonal army, the regular army, the
marine corps and the United States
| navy $4,000 men, the iadjutant gem
erals office announced this morn
/ ing. The adjutant general has pre-
pared and forwarded to- Provost
Marshal General ,Crowder interest
ing statistics covering the draft OPP
erations in this state for 1917 and
/ 1918. This report shows that the
1917 draft covered 1,348 fghterss L.
096 limited service men, 336 men
with physical disqualidcations which
surgery could remove, 81 men in the
emergency fleet corporation; 1880
| delinquents, 176 not examined, 49,
! 981 indicted and called, or a grand
total of 1884 Of the 1917 registrants
who have passed through the draft
mill 80 <s,.. = ta 1~s 4
OF those who registered June g.,
1918, 2,458s are fighters, 148 are
limited service men, II are men
with physical disqualification which
surgery will remove, two are in the
emergency fleet corporation, 81 are
delinquent, 81 have not been ex-
amined, and 516 have been inducted
and called, making q total OF 3,S49,
or for the two registration classes a.
grand total Of 22,048. ...- i
In BurIeigh county under the 1917
registration So were fighters, IS
limited service men, IT with tenn
porary physical disqualihcations
two in the emergency feet, 60 delin-
quent, 314 indicted and called, or O.
total Of 473. ...-s,-E
In Cass county AZ were fighters, 80
limited service men, % with tenn
porary physical defects, six in the
emergency feet, OF delinquent, two
not examined. 1,O1o tndueted and
called, total Of 1881.
Grand Forks county had. ~ light,
ers, II limited service men, 81 with
temporary physical defects, three in
the emergency fleet, Al delinquents,
one not examined, SGT indicted and
called, a total of 756.
In Ward county 81 were fighters,
So limited service men. two with
temporary physical defects, IL In the
emergency fleet, 173 deltnquents, IS
not examined, 5SS indicted and
called, total Of 994. g..
In the 1918 registration class
Burleigh county has b0' fighters,
three limited service men; one with
temporary physical defects, IL in
Quoted and called, a total Of 81. = E.
Cass county has 173 flghterssa 81
limited service men, seven with
temporary defects, seven not ex-
arnined, 80 indicted and called, @
total of 35s.
Grand Forks county has 119 fight
ers, six limited service men, three
with temporary physical defects, one
delinquent, one not examined, II
indicted and called, a. total OF 49,
Ward has rs fighters, eight limited
service men, 20 delinquent, seven
not examined, 81 indicted and call
ed, q, total OF 140.
Ward county enjoys the unwel-
come distinction of having within
two Of a majority Of ell the delin-
quents reported for the state under
the 1918 registration. No explanaa :,
ton has been given of this situation
THE totals in all classes have al
ready been wired Provost Marshal
Crowder, and other figures viii go
by mail.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24
T.. g. War1a1e1e to-
J0jn Fuel Staff

Bismarck, N. D., Aug. 24.-Ernest
G. Wanner, founder Of the North
Dakota Home Guard association, and
who retires September l from the
secretaryship Of the state board OF
control after having given North
Dakota more than five years eff
cient service, has accepted an i'm
portant< post with Capt. I. p. Baker
in the federal fuel = administration
for North Dakota, The new duties
upon which Capt. Warmer will en-
ter September 1 will embrace sup
ervision of the distribution of all
bituminous and anthracite coal con-
sumed in North Dakota during the
ensuing winter. 1t will devolve up
on Capt. Wanner to see that COM
munittes which depend upon import
cd fuel are kept warm during the
winter, and the task is an exacting
and vital one.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24
Vaccination
~ Being Tested

Bismarck, N. D., Aug. 24.-The
constitutionality Of the North Dakota
vaccination act is in the balance be-
fore the supreme court in the case of
L. Raga against the board Of educa-
ton of Devils Lake, appealed this
week to the supreme court.
The plaintiff presented his son for
entry to. the Devils Lake schools, the
board refusing to permit the child to
attend because he wasn't vaccinated.
Raga now asks the courts to vacate
the board of education ssruling.
Justice Robinson, in his Saturday
night letter." has already gone on
record, declaring against the vac
cination rule.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24
u. S. CASUALTY
. LISTS .

Washington, Aug. Am
nouneement was made today
that United States army casual
ties in service abroad to date
are 20.444, divided as follows:
= Killed in action (including 291
at sea-, 4,212; died OF wounds,
1880; died OF disease. 1884; died
of accident and other causes,
715; wounded in action, 10,4 78;
missing in action (including
prisoners), 2.187.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24
State JggelS to :
Reg lister Monday

Bismarck, N. D., Aug. 24.-Be-
cause today is the Jewish Sabbath
the association OF -ordined orthodox
rabbi has appealed to President
Wilson to not require members of
their organization to register on this
day. and the grand commander OF
the army and navy has accordingly
issued instructions to Adjutant Gem
eraI fraser that orthodox Hebrews
OF North Dakota be permitted to
register Monday, August 26. The
hours will be from Z o'clock in the
morning until 3 O'clock in the even
ing, and the procedure viii be
similar in every respect to that Ger.
Tied out today
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24
Crops Hard Hit
By Heavy Rains

Jamestown, N. D., August ga
special coach was run from the
Northern Pacific station here today,
the car being attached to a freight
leaving at an early hour this morn
ing for Edmunds, with jamestown
men going out for a two day shock
ing expedition aboard. They went
in response to a call for help from a
committee OF business men who had
thoroughly canvassed the situation.
and found that there was crying
need for immediate help. The grain
fields have in many cases been
inundated, with shocks half under
water. In other fields the grain was
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24

Grand Forks. N. D. Aug. 24,-out
there in No Mans Land. where. he
says Hell broke loose" and which
he describes ais 'Iand Of flying
rock, dirt, mud, shrapnel. bursting
fire. shell holes. trees and the Whit
Of machine gun bullets" Harold
Van Dusen of Grand Forks, pictures
a remarkable incident of the war:
"a funny thing was to see one of
our men step out in that awful hell
and roll himself cigarette, light it
and start smoking. before he even
knew he had done ii"
when I went over the top, No
Mans Land was one conglomeration
of flying dirt. mud, shell, shrapnel,
bursting fire, shell holes, and the
Whit of machine guns bullets,
writes Van Dusen.
1.-THE smoke was so thick I could
hardly see Is feet ahead. got
through the boche wire. a big shell
=.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24

down before the extremely heavy
rains of the early part OF the weeigs
and it is now found to be sproutfng.
If not set up today or tomorrow. TO
is feared that much Of it viii be un-
fit for milling.
An emergency call has also been
made for men to so out to various
portions of the county on Sunday.
One hundred are needed near
Courtenay, with a less demand at
other centers.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24

exploding just behind me. and threw
me into the wire. When / got out, |
didn't have many clothes left, and
was scratched UP a little byethe wire
started running again and another
she'll picked me up and carried me,
threw the air, and dropped me into
15-foot shell-hole. That surely
was some sensation. I got out and
ran on till we got to our objective.
1.-THE German machine guns, rifles,
grenades and artillery were throwing
an awful barrage of fire into US and
we lost few. The Boche paid dear
ly thought, for every one Of our men.
+ eft was the first time over for
most of the men, and they sure act
ed like veterans. One lieutenant
was shot through the arm, but all
he did was yell and shake his fist
at the Boche, "You damn foolI You
got me once but you'll not get me
again They sure had lots of spir-
II
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24

soldier who dies in foreign service.
In the particular hospital about
which this story has been written
all the nursing is done by men. The
surgeons are army officers and the
attendants and orderlies enlisted
men of the medical corps. But this
does not mean that the patients do
not have the tenderest care. Swift
retrfbuion comes to that attendant
who is careless or indifferent to his
d1Ifiaa.-- -.-5 ~ Pa .-. . - ~
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24
CONSUMERS co. OPENS STORE.

Cooperstown. N. D., Aug. .24-The
United Consumers Stores Co, which
collects 500, each from farmers IN
payment for the privilege OF trading
at stores it establishes, has completed
here, with II. o. Johnson as local
manager. Over 200 certificate holders
have paid 800 each in the Coopers-
town project, permitting the COM
pany to collect over 100000.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24

CAVALIER FARMER KILLED.
Langon, N. D., Aug. 24.-George
Holley, Of East Alma, this county,
was killed while raking hay. Holley
was thrown from his seat in front of
the rakes.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24
PASTOR WANTS WAR WORK.

casselton. n. d, Aug. 24-Rev. W.
o. Graf, pastor OF the Lutheran
church of CRsselton, has made appli-
cation for assignment as a camp pas
tor with the Lutheran commission.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24
BARN BURNED.

LitchviIle. N. D., Aug. IA big
barn on the Gangstad farm, five miles
from Hastings. was destroyed by fire.
One horse was cremated. The cause
isn't known. &-
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24
BROTHER IS KILLED.

Cooperstown, N. D., Aug. 24-Mrs.
Olod Stromme, of Cooperstown, has
bean advised of the death in action OF
her brother, Albert Lien, of DEBORAH,
Ia. He was 80 years old. 49,.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24

Building, on Machinery Hill the only building at the
fair which can accommodate it,. Over 1900 square
feet of space will be required present to the North
1t is probable that of the bigger guns may
be set up outside of the building
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24

"A Fare and Half Round Trip Rate
on ANY Railroad See Your Agent
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24
Only Chance for You to See 1t

lit must not be forgotten that this will be the only
chance the Northwess to be given to see this EXPOSE
ton IT will give you vital knowledge of the condi.
fons under which Our Boys overseas are fighting.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24
OnLyFair 10 Get 1t

The Exposition at San Francisco was tremendous
success Hundreds of thousands of persons from ali
moved to Los Angeles. From Los Angeles it comes to
the Minnesota State the only fair in America
which it to visit From the fair it goes to Chicago to
be installed in the Coliseum for the fall.
SO preentious is this big Allied War Exposition that
it is be installed in the mammoth Steel Machinery
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1918-08-24

and Canadian Governments shipped aseries of big ex-
hibits to America to stimulate enlistment in their
armies Several months ago, the Committee Public
Information, through arrangement with all the Allied
large number of American trophies to it, and opened
the first big Allied War Exposition it is called
at Frisco.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1918-07-06
OLD BRIDGE

The Fourth was very quiet IN town.
There was no program here and My
such celebration was heard as was fur
nished by the small boy and his fire.
works. Many people were out OF town
for the day.
Milton o. Sylvester is III at his home
suffering with a bad case OF neuralgia
of the face.
William Gregory. OF Camp Dix. was
able to spend the Fourth with his
mother here.
Frank Mankowski. who has been
acting as instructor of flying In one OF
the training lamps in Texas. Is home
on a furlough. The work seems to
agree with him, as he is looking fine.
George Chittick was Unfortunate
enough to have his automobile broken
while returning from the ChautauQua
from South River on Wednesday even
ing. and he was obliged to have his
car towed home.
There will be a patriotic rally and
preaching service I'm the NJ. r. church
Sunday evening. at which time Rev.
Bowen Bruere. former pastor. win
deliver the address.
At the recent election OF officers fors
Camp 100. p. o. 8. of A.. OF this
place, the following officers were
elected for the ensuing term: Presf-
dent. Austin Applegate; vice president,
A. p. Green; master of forms, John
Sylvester: conductor, William Hem
guard, William Reid; trustee James
Barbei: delegates TO state convention.
A. W. Appleby. Leland DeLoach; ax
ternates. George Hunt and Austin Ap-
piegate.
Grandin Slower. Ruff HendTickson
and Raymond Yates have secured po-
sitions at the Oliver Loading Com
pany and will spend their vacations in
making munitions.
Huekleberries are very plentiful In
the swamps near Old Bridge and the
many pickers seen testify 10 the fact
that many are taking advantage OF ma
lures bountifulness.
BENJAMIN Long played with tbs
South River band at the celebration
held In South River on the Fourth.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1918-07-06
MATAWAN

Mrs. A. H. Morton is spending the
week with Mr.. and Mrs. Laban 70
mis- at Wannamasa.
Miss Helen Cartan Is the guest OF
Mrs. Worthley at Avon
Mr.. and Mrs. George NJ. Harris.
Miss Mary Lisk and Miss Mildred Nor
ton motored to Long Branch Thurs
day.
Mrs. C. L. Green is entertaining her
niece, Miss Elizabeth PLAT of Ossin-
ing. N. Y.
Miss Brown. of Jersey City, Is vis~
iting her grandmother and grand
father, Mr.. n Mrs. Dubois In Main
street.
Miss Mary Fairy is entertaining
Mrs. III. Day and son Marvin, of Troy,
N. Y, at her home Main street.
Miss Mildred Bruce is enjoying q
short vacation with her sister. Mrs.
Leon Stratton, in Philadelphia.
Frank Toole mas returned from a
business trip to Pittsburg.
Miss ]. Mabel Brown Is visiting
Mrs. Sidney Bruce Eggleston at Shell
ter Island Heights, N. Y.
Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert Citizens lave
returned home from a visit at Free
Vile, N. Y.
Miss Anna A. Whitlock has return
ed to her home in Brooklyn after
spending several days in town as the
guest of her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
John Whitlock In Schenck street.
Mrs. b. F. 8. Brown and daughter.
Miss Mildred Brown, are enjoying
their annual vacation at Pine Grove,
Conn.
Miss Anna McConachy. q teacher in
the Matawan public school, has re-
turned to her home at Blairstown.
where she will spend the summer va-
cation with her mother.
Miss Joselyn Haywood, of jamaica
L. L., is spending the summer la Mat
avian as the guest of her grnnd-paf-
ents. Mr.. and Mrs. Charles CLARK.
Miss Edith Eskesen recently enter
tanned Miss Louise Deacon, of Ger
mantown, Penn.
Mrs. A. Sidney Parsons has return
ed to her home in Bethlehem, Penn,
after a few days visit with her par
ents. Mr.. and Mrs. William il. Still
we'll. in Main street.
Mrs. Conover Burlew. of Perth AM
boy. is spending several days with her
parents. Mr.. n Mrs. Harry Bolte, In
Upper Main street.
Fdsell Lamhertsan IL confined 10
his home in Mair street by illness.
William Decker, of rhe Brooklyn
Navy Yard. was a Matawan victor
Thursday.
Mrs. Edward Sanford has returned
to her home in Little stree.s sin-
dergoing a serious operation at the1 Sr,
Peters General hospital ~ NapF
Brunswick.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1918-07-06
M0RGANVTLLE

Mrs. Giger and Robert Kress are
spending a few days with Mrs. Elder
at Tennent.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Slemick and
son Harold spent Thursday with Mr..
and Mrs. Albert Crottrell.
Mrs. Magg Bovine and Mrs. Frank
Buck were out-of-town visitors Fri
day.
Miss Nellie Van Pelt has returned
home after spending a week with her
aunt, Mrs. Harry Van Pelt at Eliza
beth.
Eurastus Bovine Of Camp DIX Is
spending several days with his
mother, Mrs. Magg Bovine.
Mr.. and Mrs. Waldo Dolson and
children, Mr.. and Mrs. Dores Lam
bertson and children. motored to As
bury Park Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Embury Mathers
were Matawan visitors Thursday.
Miss Lillian Van Pelt is spending g.
few days with her cousins, Nellie and
Helen Van Pelt.
Mrs. Gisler of Matawan spent We'd
nesday with Mrs. Geisel.
Eddie Waits of Red Bank spent
Thursday with Mr.. and Mrs. William
Reid.
Russell and Ruth Hyer were Keans-
burg visitors Thursday.
Myron Bovine, of Camp Dix. spent
Thursday with his mother, Mrs. Magg
Bovine.
Harry woolly was a Keansburg
visitor Thursday.
Mrs. Frank Kress and son were
Matawan visitors Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Martin and children
spent Thursday at Keansburg.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1918-07-06
KEAS6EY

Matthew Lund has returned to his
home i'm Bay View avenu after spend
ing a weeks vacation in New Haven,
Conn.
Miss Henrietta Bertram. of Perth
Amboy. visited at the home of Mr..
and Mrs. Charles Pfeiffer in Smith
street last night.
Miss Loretta Knox, OF Metuchon.
is visiting at the home OF .Ir. and
Mrs. Samuel McGraw in Crows MIll
road.
Miss Florence FTtz was an out of
town visitor last night.
Mrs. John j. t'chilcox ard daughter
Helen were out of town visitors last
night.
Joseph Katrausky, Of copernic ave
nue., Witnessed the baseball game be-
tween New York and Brooklyn al the
Polo grounds Thursday afternoon.
Mrs. Claus Lund and son 1ngvard
and grandchildren, Elmer and Roland.
were Railway visitors Thursday after
noon.
Mrs. George Schmidt and daughter.
Mrs. Russell Vroom, spent last night
I'm Perth Amboy.
Miss Lens Madarast was q Perth
Amboy visitor last night.
The regular weekly rehearsal OF the
Keasbey Drum Corps was held in the
fire house last night.
Miss Edythe Schilcox was a Fords
visitor last night.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frederick Schneider,
Of Cross Mil road. were out Of town
visitors last night.
The condition OF Steven Lovas. the
seventeen year old youth who acct
dentally shot himself Thursday after
noon. is slightly improved this morn
ing at the city hospital, but he 10 still
In a serious condition.
An enjoyable open air entertain
ment was held by the Keasbsy Camp
Fire Girls Thursday afternoon in the
woods near Glendale. The program
was as follows: star Spangled Ban
ner' by all: song. BLUE Bird" Helen
Kiraly; talk on Comp Fire Girls, Izola
Johnson; song. she Was the Image
of YOU" Florence Robinson and Guar
dian Miss Rose Robinson: Joker.
Teresa Lowenkopf; song. Dixie Sa-
rah johnson and Roselin Hofhner;
song, so Long Mother" Tzola John
son. Rosallie Resi-. Ethel Fullerton,
Ruth Robinson; sack race. won by
Elizabeth Sharkey: three-legged race,
won by Mary Kress and Sarah Nc
Graw. Refreshments were served
during the entertainment and many
other games wero played. A potato
roast was also held. The commit
tees in charge were: Refreshment
committee. Roseline Hofhner. chair
man; Teresa Lowenkopf. Elizabeth
Sharkey; program committee. Ro-
Sallie Resh. chairman; Marguerite
Quish and Mary Kress.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1918-07-06
cRANBuRY

On Tuesday evening twenty OF the
friends and neighbore, members or
the Board of Education and their
! wives assembled at the home of Miss
Laura 5cudder on Symmes court.
During the early part of h evening
they presented her with a beautiful
bouquet of roses to which was attach
! ed a shower OF sixty-hve dollars in
| gold, given as a token of love and up
| probation by parents of school chill
| dren, teachers and friends Refresh
ments of cake and Ice rea were
served and a good time was enjoyed
by all.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Appleget, of
Trenton, were isitors over the Fourth
Of July with Mrs. Harry Appleget ana
! family.
Mrs. Alice Hendrickson and Miss
Elizabeth Rue, of L~awrenceville, have
been stopping q few days with Mrs.
Anna Spaulding.
Nelson Forman, of Philadelphia,
was a week end visitor with Mrs. Alb
liam Appleget.
Mrs. John Bradley, of Highland
Park, was a recent visitor with Mrs.
Robert sutton and Miss Minnie Sutton.
Mr.. mad Mrs. James Griffith, of New
York city, were guests over the week
n with Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey Hutch
inson and family.
Miss Josephine Obyke, OF Radner,
Pa, and John Garrigues. of Bristol,
were recent Visitors with Mrs. Hattie
Symmes.
Harry N. Scott arranged a surprise
party for Mrs. Scott and son Harold
on Friday evening. in celebration of
his eighteenth birthday. A four piece
orchestra furnished music for the &C.
CASTOR. 1t was a complete surprise to
them, Mr.. Scott taking them out in
the evening for an auto ride n when
they returned the company assembled
| Refreshments were served and a very
enjoyable evening was spent.
Mr.. and Mrs. Stanley Conoyer are
enjoying a two weeks vacation at At
lantic City. -
Mr.. n Mrs. Joseph Gordon. of
Brooklyn, are spending a few days at
the home of Mr.. and Mrs. Jacob Cor
don.
George Burroughs, of Trenton,
spent the Fourth with his parents, MI.
and Mrs. George w. Burroughs.
Mrs. Frank Compton was a visitor
on Wednesday at the home of Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles Everingham.
Mrs. Emma Reynolds was a week
end visitor with Mr.. and Mrs. Ben
jamin Bayles, of Trenton.
Word has been received by Miss
Mary Dey Of the same arrival of Cor
poral Clarence d. Hunter overseas.
Alvah Forman, of Montreal, Can
ada. is visiting his family here.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1918-07-06
IMPRESSIVE FUNERAL

WOODBRIDGE. July s:-The fu-
neral services for little Arne Snomi-
men. the seven-year-old son of Mr.. and
Mrs. August Snominen. were held
from his parents home Thursday
afternoon. Rev. l.. v. Bushman,
pastor of the Finst Presbyterian
Church. conducted a simple but most
comforting service. Loving friends
sent quantities Of beautiful flowers
and many of Arne's little schoolmates
D ched daisies and wild flowers in
their desire to comfort the bereaved
parents.
The little casl.et was carried by
relatives 10 the Presbyterian Gene
terry as is the custom in Finland.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1918-07-06
Me- WELLS IMPROVE
Keyport Greatly Relieved by Increase
I'm Pressure
Bu guecEoI r~orrsgnondenk.

I'm Pressure
By Special Correspondent.
KEYPORT, July 6:-From all In
dications the new well being driven
for the borough of Keyport will be a
success. Estimates nave been made
from unofficial tests made that 1t Will
produce about half a million gallons
of water per day. When 1t was first
driven the water contained a consid-
cradle amount of very fine clay. but
1t is now clearing so rapidly that Su-
p~erintendent Mason is diverting a
small portion of 1t into the filter beds.
Even with the small amount used 1t
was possible to fill the standpipe on
Tuesday evening and the usual fire
pressure is now on hand in case of
fire. The water seems to be free from
iron, but an analysis will be made by
the State Board of Health In the next
few days. The borough officials and
officers of the fire department are
very much relieved as there has been
such a low pressure in the mains that
had a fire occurred during the past
few months very serious results
might have taken place.