davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

more, by careful attention to the matter of
heating their homes
Even in where the householder rives
considerable personal attention to the firing
Of the furnace, his aids are sometimes wo-
fully eXtravagant. How easy it is for good
husky servant who has been instructed to
shake the crate twice day to shake it harder
than is necessary and thus sift down quaint
ties of lf-burned red Goals into the ash boz.
This waste, occurring twice day for ap-
proximately two hundred days in the year,
will add up surprisingly.
But why.' the housewife asks "should
there be fuel campaign at this particular
time? And why should there be a fuel adj
minstration at all? We may be wastcful in
Of COAL but, after ALL isn't that our
privilege, if we willing to pay the price?
Such questions indicate that the average
householder fails to realize the very serious
fuel situation which confronts the people Of
the United States this winter. and which can
be met only by looking ahead and adjusting
our needs to our supply.
The war has created demand upon this
country for approximately $4,000, 900 more
tons of coal this year than is normally pro-
duced This demand comes from factories
sN'u ldlII OeiOS UOl from OOnlCStiC consumers,
whose use is normal.
Coal is the foundation stone Of industry
Without it the production of equipment for
war must halt. Transportation facilities must
stand still In addition to meeting the situa-
ton at home, we must supply coal to our army
and navy abroad and consider the needs of
our neighbors, especially Canada, Cuba and
South America, and some of the Allies whose
supply is Inadequate
In the face Of this increased demand for
coal, we have a shortage of transportation
facilities. The lack of coal is due almost en-
trely to transportation complications, not to
a lack of available supplies in the mines We
have not enough cars to carry it from one
place to another, and the rails are already
overloaded on account Of the increased freight
and passenger transportation due to the war
Few persons realize that 80 per cent of the
entire tonnage of our railroads is used in the
transportation of coal from mine to factory
and home. This means that three cars out of
every ten or the tracks in normal times are
coal cars. In the district around our national
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

stores have been selling bread under
present conditions for 10 and cents
for twenty-five and eighteen-ounce
loaf, respectively. Now, under govern
ment regulation, bread is selling for 7
and cents per pound loaf.
ability of Canada to sell twenty-three-
ounce loaf for 10 cents after three years
of war. While the average wholesale
price of -four is quoted at SIP or $13
barrel, it usually goes to the baker at
about $11.30. Under our present regu-
lation Of the price of wheat, there is no
call for the increase in cost of the loaf
Of bread on this score.
We are for fair profit to all business
1t is childish TO expect any one to con-
duct his business at loss But if any
given class of producers cannot so regu-
late their business as to give necessity
like bread as cheaply as others, then it
means the greatest good to the greatest
number for them to drop out of the race
and give way to those who can
Let the Hoover army Of housewives
"bake, bake, bake" as the boys tramp,
tramp, tramp" especially as the home
work makes it possible to substitute the
corn and rye and whole wheat in partial
amounts at will and fit them to the fam
lily needs. We would even go so far as
to advise those who never have baked
to begin to bake now, even if they lose
few patches of bread in the experiment
tai period. The figures indicate that
they will easily recoup their losses with
in few weeks. We have even heard
rumors of bakers who produced unsuc-
cessful patches or had bread go sour on
their hands at times.
BY all means use good bakers bread.
sold at fair price, as convenience for
toast, for croutons and when the home
baking runs out, but, by no means, let
bread baking, which is the fundamental
art of the housewife, be in the slightest
degree discouraged. Lady" is the
honored synonym for loaf giver.' Nav
our women always be just that.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

milk or water The snortS of Sc0rn
and the contemptuous shrugs that
greeted these sentiments, if concen-
trated, would have sounded like dyna-
mite explosion and looked like an earth
quake.
Cornbread is one of the easiest things
in the world to make Even cornmeal
salt and water, stirred up and baked
thin, makes a very toothsome corn pone.
With our agricultural colleges and voca-
tional schools turning out domestic
scientists galore, with our graded public
schools teaching cookery and with a very
honorable record of home baking going
back for several centuries, this remark
of Mr.. Wards is bit too much!
Women never knew so much about
cooking as they do now, and in many
homes bakers bread is only a conven-
fence to be used regretfully when the
home baked product, produced once or
twice a week, has run out. In our pri-
vate opinion, this is as it should be, and
we rejoice to know that at least GO per
cent of the bread baked is at present
prepared by the housewife in the home
We are for recommending that the good
work go on and be expanded, rather
than that it should be curtaied and dis
couraged.
SO when a baker urges us to eat our
cornmeal as mush rather than to run
the risk of spelling it in the baking, and
says that the flour wasted in home bak-
ing would feed our army, it is enough
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

in this instance called for three cups of
wheat flour. an eighth of yeast cake,
tablespoonful of salt, cupful of tepid
water. one tablespoonful of oleomar-
garine and one teaspoonful of salt. The
cost of the ingredients in the finished
loaf was 7.6 cents (four about S13 bar
rely. When cold the weight was one
pound and three ounces, an average of
4 mills an ounce, or GA cents a pound
as made. The bakers bread cost about
mills per ounce as bought, or II cents
a pound. Mr.. Wards loaf cost O.95 cent
per ounce-more than double the cost of
the household product. We must do Mr..
Ward the justice to say that the moist
ure in his loaf was just about the same
as that in the homemade bread, though
in some of the other varieties examined
it ran up from to per cent more.
We are unable to figure out loss on
home baking on this basis 1t looks to
us as if the housewife would save about
half the cost of the actual materials if
she made bread herself.
However, we think that there is q
place and a need for bakers bread. but
that there is no excuse for it's costing
what it does. Others can do better than
this. The All-Package and the chain
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

cedure for the housewife, as her own
labor or that of her servant is available
without additional expense, whether the
bread is baked or not. Well admit that
she has an advantage over the baker in
this particular, but why shouldn't she
make the most of it? She also has the
advantage over him in that she does not
have to meet the charge of delivery.
Why not seize this advantage also?
In Washington, where the States Re-
lation Service experiment was made. two
of the largest bakers (Corby and Ward}
WERE at the time the experiment was
made, charging 10 cents each for loaves
OF IA to 1876 ounces, respectively-a
charge of about SO per cent more to the
housekeeper than the cost of her home
made loaf, even if the two loaves were
of equal nutritional value and water con-
tent
Furthermore, there is usually about
to per cent less water in the home
made loaf. The baker gives the larger
bulk by producing a crust at once in
very hot oven at much higher tenn
perature than the home oven can yield.
This may be necessary, as claimed, to
prevent rapid drying out under CONNER
cial conditions and the return of stale
bread, but this is another commercial
disadvantage. 1t doesn't alter the fact
as to the amount and quality of food OBJ
tanned for your money. Whether or not
bread so baked is equally as digestible as
the dryer bread, more thoroughly baked
from the inside out, is another question.
Two of the domestic science experts
of The Tribune Institute timorously es-
sayed to make loaf of bread despite
Mr.. Wards warning The recipe used
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27
mo The All

Mines is fond of telling about the joke he
played on some of his relatives in this con-
nection.
The father and mother of his wife were
planning to visit their daughter for the winter,
and, knowing the insztence Of the old people
high temperature. this engineer took pre-
cautions to humidity the atmosphere thor
oughly and then do little doctoring of the
house thermometers. The result was that par
ticular household had an actual temperature
of 68 degrees all winter. and everybody was
perfectly comfortable. 1t must not, however.
be forgotten that old people sometimes require
more heat than young and vigorous individuals.
In saving fuel-where the coal range is
used merely for cooking, and not fer heating
purposes-the services of the tireless cooker
must not be overlooked. 1t is expensive
proposition to keep the range going merely for
the purpose of providing plenty Of hot water.
An instantaneous water heater is frequently
economy rather than a luxury.
When some one room requires additional
heat for short period-as. for instance, when
the bathroom must bo made comfortable for
baby's bath in the morning. grandmothers
bedroom needs little more warmth at bed
time-the use of the oil stove will be more
economical than more coal on the furnace.
1t must not be forgotten that both electric
light and Illuminating gas are produced by
using coal hence, during this fuel campaign,
we should all be saving Of electricity and gas
Crate fires. considered as heating devices, are
inefficient. But they are so cheerful and beau
tiful that no one would be willing to part with
them. Moreover. fireplace may be made
measure of economy when only a moderate
heat is needed in room for short time, as,
for instance, at breakfast or bed time, es
pecially as the open fire is frequently good
way of utilizing waste wood.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

capital this proportion rises to four cars in ten.
If our factories and railroads are to be kept
going, and if our households are to be kept
and we'll fed, the deficit in our coal sit
uation must be met by the strctest conserva-
ton on the part of consumers, factory and
domestic alike.
If every householder during the six winter
months will save bne furnace shovelful Of coal
a day, it vii! amount to 100000 tons of
coal. This amount would keep 5000 900
people warm all winter. 1t would keep $780,
600 soldiers all winter in environments. It
would send fleet of twenty-five battleshps
5000 times across the Atlantic Combined
with corresponding conservation by fac
tories, it would Just about wipe out our ma
tional shortage of $4,000, 900 tons
The burning of coal is chemical process,
in the course of which every pound of coal is
combined with about fifteen pounds of air
If we supply too 'much too little air at
time we fail to get the maximum of heat out
of the combination, which we call "burning"
Undoubtedly our old haphazard methods of
increasing the amount of heat received from
our furnaces or stoves were effective in a way
'It's getting cold,' we were likely to say
Put on some more COAL" or, cts getting
cold; let's open the drafts" And by simply
adding coal adding air we were usually
able to get more heat-which was what we
wanted.
But we got it at dsproportionate cost
The amount of draft was not nicely calculated
to meet the air needs of exactly the right
quantity of coal; therefore, while it is true
that there was an increase of heat there was
or
1T takes great deal of experimentation and
study to get the maximum efficiency out of
any furnace or stove. furnace has as muca
personality, in this respect, as mule or a
motor car. There SO many variable fac
tors in getting the most out of ones furnace
that it is impossible to learn a few rules of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

and shortening, however. 1t is time In
Quebec and Montreal after three years
OF war; the people are getting d %
ounce loaf for 10 cents. Their labor
conditions are certainly worse than ours,
and their wheat comes from practically
the same sources
Is there not something the matter
with the United States baker if he can
not conduct his business skilfully enough
to make good on the same margin as his
Canadian brother?
Bread and milk we must have: the
best quality at the lowest price practical
bic. 1t is trade practice and good eco
nomlcs to expect q small margin of
profit on an everyday necessity sold in
large quantities and continuously in de-
mand. You do not expect so high per-
centage of profit on bread as on a grand
piano or a diamond ring, or even on
perishabe foods for which the demand
IS not constant-such as fish.
The advantage of homemade bread
over bakers bread is a mOoted point Just
now, and it means more than ever to
know the answer. Every house mother
Knows that good homemade bread goes
farther with troop of hungry children
IMAM bakers bread. The chemists Why
lor and wherefore she is a bit inclined to
treat with languid curiosity at best.
Mr.. Ward some time ago, disinterest-
eoy warned women against home bak-
ing. He opined that even cornbread was
100 difficult a thing for the housewife to
make, and that attempts to produce the
breakfast muffin meant the spelling of
Ast quantities of eggs. cream and short
ming.
VIZ. Ward has extravagant ideas of
what goes into the breakfast muffin. It's
much more apt to be skim milk, sour
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

thumb about firing the furnace, and then apply
them irrespective of conditions.
You may have large furnace for small
mousse or small furnace for large house.
and although in each case it NAV be the same
model OF the same make of furnace, the treat
ment for securing maximum efficiency will be
quite different
Much, too, depends upon the kind of fuel
used. You may find by experimentation that
anthracite coal is actually cheaper for YOUR
purposes than the bituminous or soft COAL You
may lind that you can bank your fires at night
with yard pea coal, thus making a cheap coal
serve a certain purpose better than more
high priced coal would do On the other hand,
you may find that the yard pea coal, on ac-
count OF the size of your CRATE or other con-
dltlons, will ruin your fire or give clinker trou-
bic, or do other damage which is costly in
the end.
There are, Of course, few principles of
furnace management which admit of fairly
general application, but these are only the
starting point, and not the end of the lesson.
For instance, it is easy enough to learn to
keep ashes clean from under the CRATE, be-
cause with a clean ashpit the fire burns more
uniformly and with less clnker.
1t is easy to attend to the furnace at regu-
lar intervals, and to anticipate the demand
for heat, in order to avoid the uneconomical
rapid pushing or retarding of the fire
1t is easy to direct that the fire bed should
be disturbed little as possible by shaking
and poking, and that the shaking of the CRATE
should be stopped as the fire gets
bright under the CRATE
But even the simplest rules need to be ap-
piled with intelligence. If the servant who
shakes the CRATE happens to be brawny and
conscientious person, whose delight is to shake
until the fire in the CRATE looks red and glow
ing instead of shaking until it begins to get
red there will be wholly unnecessary waste
of good fuel.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27
BAKE OR NOT TO BAKI-TIIE HOT jSEWIFE'S PROB IN

to make any women who is on her job
from the old colored nanny Of the
South to the last graduate of Pratt, Co.
lumbia and Simmons-wax wrathful.
Housewives are inclined to regard
such advice from baker much as they
would regard a propaganda for long life
conducted by an undertaken. The can
ners are equally perturbed over the
deaths from poisoning which are going
to follow the wave of nationwide home
and revolutionary germ whose name
sounds something like Bolsheviki which
is going to bring this about in subtle
fashion without spelling the eating quail
tiles of the food
Now as to the cold dry facts.
Official experiments record that home
made bread, including fuel (gas), but
not labor, can be produced for SO cents
pound .(16 ounces).' Using oil or coal
would slightly lessen the expense.
Hannah Wessling, former member
of the Bureau of Chemistry, now with
the States Relation Service, has shown
that one-pound loaf Of broad can be
made for 5 4 cents, when flour is SIP
barrel, using compressed yeast, salt.
sugar and lard. These results were
submitted to the Consumers Committee
on Bread in connection with the food
administration work.
The baker says it is not fair to eX-
clude labor and overhead, and we hear
rumors of the losses occasioned by the
dough that is left sticking to hundreds
Of baking boards and bowls and hands,
Excluding labor. of course, is not fair
when deciding on a fair cost for bakers
bread, but it's perfectly fair when we
are deciding what is the cheapest pro-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

This suggests that must do away with
the roustabout type of furnace man, who is
far too common in many localities. Few house
holders enjoy getting up in the morning to
start the furnace, and few intelligent, steady
aborcrs available for the job. The result
has been that in many neighborhoods the
stoker of the furnace is some poor wretch who
is too unntelligent and indispensable in his
habits to be able to keep any other kind Of
work.
In ordinary times perhaps, the householder
was justified in paying the exorbtant amount
Of fuel which such service neccssitates. Now,
however, when wastage in one household .may
mean that some other household will have to
do entirely without fuel it would seem tnat it
is the patriotic duty of every householder
either to tend the furnace himself or to make
sure that it is receiving really intelligent care.
Since he pays the bill he is far more likely
to be interested in getting the maximum ef-
iciency out of his furnace than some under
ling, who has no incentive for experimenting
along these lines. An automatic clock arrange
ment, which opens the drafts of the furnace at
the time set, does away with the old necessity
Of rising at daybreak in cold house to start
the furnace, and the rest is easy.
Intelligence on the part of the person who
takes of the furnace probably will be the
greatest factor in coal saving in most house
holds, but there are other points which should
not be overlooked.
In many houses the simple expedient of fit
ting the north exposure with storm windows or
weather strips will suffice to save several tons
of coal during the season. Perhaps you have
been aware of waste of heat in your own
house through badly fitting windows and have
for time intended, in vague way to
remedy the defects If so, there is no time bet
ter than the present to take definite action on
this point. Do it now
1t will be we'll to look to your pipe cover
ings, and to see that your fues, chimneys and
heating surfaces are clean. Remember that
coating of SCOT on the inside of heating sur
face is as effective in preventing efficient ra-
diation coating of asbestos would be.
Heating drums in the stovepipe or extra steam
radiators are often good investments
The demand for high temperature is often
purely psychological and matter of habit.
One of the engineers in the Federal Bureau of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27
Avs ~ SAVE \ SI1OVELFlu> OF COAL FOR UNCLE SAM
TAG-YOUR- SHOVEL DAY

Wednesday
el
rningN:
DC the flwngb rcf nstru
thabest
O. 81 cracks wnhc
res he's f heath
the time
coal
fnaceep
s. maker
wills
famine
aren from Early
of the
o Il
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27

early this month, combined with the coal fam
Inc, is giving a painfully practical demonstra-
ton Of what life without fuel is like
We have been as wasteful of coal as of our
other resources. largely because coal was
abundant Conditions, however. have sudden
~ changed To-day it is cverybody's business
to save coal. Whether for reasons Of patriot
ism Or economy. every one is making special
effort to cut down the coal bill this year.
A good shovelful of coal is estimated as
being worth approximately as much as pint
Of milk or loaf Of bread or pound Of sugar
There are few householders who would de-
lberately pour down the sink drain pint of
milk each day, who would throw a loaf of
bread or pound bag of sugar into the
garbage Pail day after day.
But almost universally people are wasting
coal by sending not only one shovelful of coal,
but several. up the furnace huc, or dumping
them into the can Of unsifted ashes They
are burning up good money as surely as
though they deliberately threw good, crisp
dollar bills into the furnace
Of course, some thrifty souls have learned
through thought and experimentation to cut
down their fuel bills to the minimum But
on the other hand many housewives could
easily save from $50 to 500 a year, or even
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27
By ANNE LEWIS PIERCE
Director Tribune Institute

he Food Administration
has said that we have a
right TO a pound of bread
for from 7 to 8 cents, said
bread to contain a mini
mum amount of skim milk
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-27
Mistaken zeal in shaking lie furnace
Hberafes fhe genie who shouId work
for warmth and comfort
BY LUCY Open

he fuel campaign is on. Save
Your shovelful Of coal is the
slogan which the fuel admins
tration is making popular
throughout the Lard. Ameri-
cans everywhere have been
waking up to the situation,
csDorio1l,- cipco 4|,o cola c,o,,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-09-09
WOULD "LIvENn WAR NEWS.
Manchester Paper Asks America to
SET the Example"

Cerrespondenes Of the Associated Prsss.
LONDON. July 31.-Wil not Amer
icA set the example and liven mp Of
ddd oommuniaues. asks the Man
chester Guardian.
Tho paper quotes . report on the re-
cent Australian success which left
the Germans 'stdll wondering just
what was happening" and oongratu-
lates the writer on his Information
'that It certainly looks as though the
Australians have the village pinched
out"
The Guardian considers the Amer
lean Official reports have been, 50 far
as an American twist to the language
IS concerned. q dismal disappointment,
and have conformed to the uni1lumi-
mating style Of the British official.
TT is perhaps too much" tho paper
continues ito hope that we shall learn
of an American success in the infor-
nation that our allies handed the
Prussian guard Q horrid JOLT or that
their attack was prefaced with Q
bombardment of an intensity which
'blistered reality But At least there
10 room for Official and unofficial re-
ports which shall strike away from
the too familiar jargon that reduces
them all to the same level. and Hven
our numbed consciousness with a use
Of English which shows some fmag-
1nation. VIII not America set the
merry examplsr'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-09-09


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SERGEANT:
ANDERSON, Ray. Akron, ohis.
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BUSCH. hoy III. I1vEoor. W.
PRiVATEs:
HUNTER. william A.. Centerxille. Mo.
sNiDEh' Frank. Marquette. Mich.
WOUNDED NJ ACTION (ssvrSly).
PRIVATE:
CoLBERG, Edward, Deusthe Krair. Germany.
worrnrn M acr,or ar,rv -.
viousiv kspcrtsd His.i.S in 1nti.n,.
pRIvArr.
LEM. vivian H.. Gillian. No.
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