davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1918-08-08
WAN IS
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FOR SALbr--wc nave some rca,
bargains in farms near Guthrie,
Phone 100. Office los 1-2 l. Okla.
Ave. SEQ Kelly & Mahoney.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1918-08-08

OIL I0AooD 80 plArU
On ioa0oo - egv1111D Dlato -
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AlDo oou1ODon1n. ofn1Bvlfs q -
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The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1918-08-08

Tslss, Asg s-w.ssser 4 Olson on
o. u Brown lad southwest quarter
q section s-ls-is. Broken Arrow
districf, got the pay sand sf 1870 feet
and b dong 90 barrels since com
yseesl
n y WILCOX and associates have
ofnPseiei a vel On the prer lsnd
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1918-08-08

wASTED-to lease 6 or room
modern house. Cail GO. d. d. Cook
sey.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
A Hundred Varieties of
= Insects Persisted

Upward Of 5DO different kinds OF AMI
asas have been recorded from the litho-
slaphie stone, but this is somewhat swollen
INC true German thoroughness. chat has
s''en every problematical scrap binomial
s.h name. Despite this, the lists are I'M
s0.asiy long and marvellous in the variety
Iae TINT is represented. Insects to the
q, -'"Der OF over 100 kinds we're blown upon
MUG mats or persisted m the waters;
is'sfnes we have preserved IN stone the
:. -" OF the struggles of some mired insect
ehorrs to escape. There are no fresh
- 'orms of life. Fishes to the number
~ Aea.iy lS0 kinds, mainly gnnoids, have
-. discovered in these rockR The crus-
which number over 70 varieties.
So mainly aobsteAlike for1na The I'm
-, number fs speries, distributed
- six genera, and there were laras
49,. 49, OIL the Jurasxir ancestors Of our
i, squads or cuttlefshes These nr1n-
al 'pselss distributed srnunx genera.
y;A..s, ps oa Them were very common ind1-
sss.. ana undoubtedly lived in the Ia
mn = cry often more or lsas Of their
sss az vel an their vsstixsaa shells
Ae..t,- we're preserved a., fer example, In
a. t - In which the ink bng and
sask. arms with their double rows Of
- icsssitzed. There wgrs many
hna.s hfse-swimrmfux crinpids (cpnaA-
s,ss.s, s0a Brittle stars, and even such
So - sad aqnccus objerts an Jelly
IL pressrvcd with eremt fde1fty in
sss.nass sh'ned. oozs, where fhey ware
ssss.,s ths retrestinr tias. Bytsv,n
m r,n~. : aie ses are mostly ahpsut and
~ -. almost entirely by aa,llnscs
ssa accidentally washed into the
NM III. so.asd by fishes, A sitxae dino
ss '''asnfly begged, has conn, - ttriss !.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

impossible for any one but an expert to
distinguish between the photographed air
plane mark of the United States and that
of France. The marks of France and Italy
are even more alike, both having the red
outer circle and white middle ring
Our planes can be distinguished how
ever, in war photographs by the dark outer
ring of black, red in the original design.
the white centre and the slightly shaded
ring of blue between the centre and the
outer ring.
In the French plane the outer ring is
red, the inner one white and the centre blue
Between France and Italy the distinction
is not SO apparent on the photograph The
outer rings are identical. The difference
lies in the fact that the green centre of
the italian concard comes out slightly
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
A Shallow, Open Sea
~ Covered Russia

Europe waB an archipelago at that time
not unlike the East Indies of to-day. The
largest island, probably of much
more irregular outline than I have in
dirstsd, embraced Scandinavia, Finland.
and Northwestern Russia No traces Of
Portaudisn sediments have been found
in this vast region except around its
margin. A shallow open sea appears
to hsvs covered most Of Russia, bro
ken BY large islands in the Caucasus,
and In Podalia, Kiev, Bessarabia, Kherson
and Taurida-that is to say, Southwestern
Russia and the Rumanian border Asia
Minor was above the sea, and it is unrer-
tain whether this last land mass extended
to tue northwest, or whether parts of
Msstaonia, Bulgaria, Serbia and Hungary
constituted another large island Ireland,
Sathnd and Western England were above
the SEA, as was most of Spain and the site
Of the Pyrenees. There were smaller ISL
saa IN the Alpine region and elsewhere in
lnly, and large island occupied the West
EN- Mediterranean, the latter sea reaching
TIE Atlantic across Southern Spain ON the
north and Morocco on the south
The ancient rock-masses of Brittany and
the Auvergne in France were land and it is
uncertain whether or not the two were
united ACROSS the Loire Valley OF whether
the Atlantic fauna reached the Paris Basin
ACROSS this ARIA shown by broken lines on
the map. Anpther large island extended
rum Norfolk ACROSS Flanders into Ger
many and here also the map Indicates by
efoAnn lines the uncertainty BIB to whether
OF not this island was connected with OF
separated from the island or islands ON the
s'n u SwabiR, Francunia and Nnrthern
bavaria. The presence of traces of the
Atlantic fauna IN GHrnEary has suggested
mat this fauna migrated in the northeast
erly direction
Along the southern border of this
nwabian, Franconian BHvariHn island or
stands there were reefs, extending south
Westward intp France, which prevented the
mahgling of the Mediterranean fauna OF
,ae Danube Basin and Dauphine with the
Astantlr fauna of the Paris Basin. There
"sfe other extensive reef arnas m the Al
pine region, in Provence, and elsewhere at
this timm
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
lighting Through Their
H. Own Barbed Wire

Immediately hundreds Of fare lights
went up from the German second line, fol-
lowed by the splashing of water as nen
hurried forward to their front line to
gee what had happened. So we had to
make our escape as quickly and silently
as we could.
With two others I had been sona way
behind the parapet and by the time we
reached the barbed wire the Huns wers
peppering sway with their machine guns.
We could not find place TO get through
the wire, and had Just to take not luck end
go straight for IT. though we knew we had
TO struggle end fight our way through an
ENHANCEMENT of from fifteen to thirty feet.
made Of wire interviewer In q most evil
mesh. However, we struggled On as best
we could, helping each other, and after
what seemed an eternity broke through
with many cuts and scratches, but lost
nothing except few pieces of coats and
breeches.
Our difficulties then Increased. Having
turned around so many times to get
through the wire, we could not hit on the
direction Of our own trenches for few
moments, and had to lie down for some
little time watching the fare lights going
up before we were satisfied by some out
standing object of the way we had TO 20:
then it was not many moments before we
were ct cur own barbed wire.
Here, again, we had difficulty finding
passage through. which was rendered all
the more trying by the constant whizzins
Of the bullets from enemy machine guns
about our ears
So we crawled along in front Of the wire.
hoping TO find an entrance, when all at
once all three of US went headlonr into
a deep cutting filed with water.
1t was deep sap that had been cut out
and cleverfy covered with branches and
twigs, so that it was not discernib,e from
the ground, and was about nine feet
down; but although we got good duck
ing we managed to get under 4he entanrle
ments and back lnto our own trenches.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

Of the war and thus has become so well
known to Allied aviators that it is the
simplest thing in the world for them to
identify the Hun machines.
German military authorities have real
lied that this very distinctive design made
their machines an easy mark for anti-air-
craft gunners and was thus operating to
their disadvantage; and not long ago the
Allies received a report to the effect that
the Central Powers were considering the
use in the near future of a new design,
square cross. One of the reasons for this
contemplated change, it was said, was that
the new design is so similar to the Red
Cross that Germany thought it would
afford protection to her aviators.
In of the pictures of American
planes the design displayed shows white
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

star in the centre. At distance it was
discovered that it was possible to confuse
this design with the Maltese cross of the
Central Powers. For fighting planes this
design was therefore abandoned and has
been used only on training planes in this
country.
All the Allies use similar marking of
three concentric circles on their airplanes,
a different color scheme for each nation.
On the machines themselves this distin-
gushing feature is very apparent. but in
photographs it is difficult to tell one from
another.
Coors, when photographed, have an
awkward way of acquiring unexpected
tonal values. Blue, for instance, becomes
almost white, red appears almost black,
and yellow also very dark. 1t might be
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

~ lam and the United States have much
in common. Dramatically opposed
4 to each other in form of govern
ment-the United States being ruled
by the most advanced form of democracy
and Siam representing of the oldest as
well as one of the most absolute of mon
archies-both regard themselves as Gree"
countries. The Siamese name for its home
Land is "Muang Thai" 1.-THE Land of the
Free; it's present ruler is the most demo
cratic despot that ever sat upon an Eastern
throne; the country is thriving under adj
vantageous taxation laws, and is drawing to
it many people from Franco-Indo- China on
the east and from British-India on the
west Both of these adjacent states are
ruled by foreigners, governors from France
and England, and require much larger
budget for their maintenance than they
would were they ruled by natives.
Siam is governed by wise young mon
arch, who knows his people and loves them;
who has lived long enough in Europe-he
spent a third of his life in England and
France-to understand the needs of his
100000 subjects from the west, and who
is welding upon the old the best from the
new Himself a graduate from Christ
Church College, Oxford, he has drawn to
his court other college men-from Cam
bridge, from Harvard, from Yale-all stanch
Slamese and all working with their SOW
ereign for the furtherance of the cause of
the free" This progressive little monarch
has also surrounded himself with a bodv
OF foreign experts-experts in international
law and diplomacy. For counsellor he has
an American, and for other advisers Eng
lish and French, Portuguese and Italian in
various capacities, to each of whom is
given certain duties and powers in assist
ing the king in his dealings with his for
eign population
On the 22d of July Of last year Siam en-
Tered the war. In October last her king
ADOPTED new state flag For centuries
tne White Elephant on a red ground had
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
The Enemy May Be Out
Il on a Like Expedition

There is, too, the ever present danger
Of the enemy being out upon a similar
expedition, which necessitates constant
halts to listen, while at frequent intervals
this space between the lines is Illuminated
by flare lights and rockets, which make it
imperative TO remain motionless or have
ones presence detected Immediately by the
sentries. The sharp crack of rifle or the
whizzng of bullets from a machine run
is proof that some one has been "spotted-"
So, after some twenty minutes or so, now
walking, now crawling now standing and
now lying motionless stumbling down
holes and tripping over fallen trees or thefr
branches, or over still more Of the ever
lasting barbed wire, we REACHED the Ger
man entanglements, and, with the aid of
"nippers," soon cut passage through and
were crawling slowly and stealthily UP
their parapet
No sound was heard except now and
again the splash Of some loose clay falling
into the water or the swish of some water
rat, frightened at cur presence, rs It dved
INTO the water in the trenches to safety
Presently divided into two parties.
one TO go to the right and the other to
the left Two good trusty fellows went
on about ten yards ahead Of the rest in
each case, followed by the officer in charge.
revolver in hand, at the head Of his men.
who carried their rifles with bayonets fixed
and, of course, loaded ready for any
emergency
The water in the trenches was wei
above the waist and bitterly cold
My own particular business was to Keep
a lookout for mine shafts or tunnels and
TO note their position in order that they
might be dealt with on subsequent oc-
casion. This took me sometimes many yards
behind the front line peering into dnguuts
and dark corners where the nine top might
possibly be secreted, and my impression
Is that the boasted Boche dugouts and
trenches no better than ours, IL, in
deed, they we're good
We had travelled some three or four
hundred yards to the right, and the other
party about 200 yards to the left whsn
they came upon a party of FIVE Germans
In dugout.
A rife report cracked out and one Of our
men was hit, but they quickly avenged him
by dispatching three of the Boches to the
next world and capturing one, while the
fifth got away.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
Letters in Khaki

THE following letter from Robert
Il David, son Of Edward T. David, of
Wyoming, gives vivid picture of some
Of the intense fighting which marked the
opening Allied drive near Chateau
Thierry:
"Dear Father and Mother: You probably
know from the casualty list that the 14sth
has been in the biggest battle this year, and
old Battery B proved the trump card of the
whole deck. The hardest fighting took
place, 1t seems from the papers, in the sec
tor which my battalion covers, and for one
day and one night 81 did the work for the
battalion, as "A was shifting its trails. We
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

Der Of shells which should be fired from one
of our guns is 100, and we fred close to 100.
Water sputtered off with no effect, the guns
were so hot. The seventh shot which we
fired hit a great ammunition dump, which
burned for two days. The French had been
looking for this dump for three weeks
When the battle commenced in our sector it
was about l o'clock at night.
1.-THE whole horizon famed with spurts,
flares and rockets, the noise sounding like
the kicking of about hundred carloads of
Texas steers. We shelled towns, ammuni-
ton dumps and cross roads, evidently get
ting our targets without difficulty. judging
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

ent king was on the throne-Maha Mongkut
was his name-he had a chamber in his
palace devoted to 'the other land of the
free" America. Upon the walls of this
chamber were portraits of all the presi-
dents of the United States, from Washing
ton down. They were not all works of art
some were mere daubs-but they were ex-
pressions of an admiration that was given
to no other country. Old Mongkut used 70
say that he "loved America best of all
countries" and that he "patterned a good
deal after her ways of doing things" His
first ambassador sent to foreign coun-
try was sent to the United States; the first
ambassador to Siam came from the United
States King Chulalongkorn, father of the
present ruler and of Mongkut, was
never permitted to visit Washington and
present his compliments to the chief ruler
of the country that both his father and
he loved so dearly; but he urged his son,
the Crown Prince, to she sure to visit
America and, in person, present the compli-
ments of Siam to the American ruler-a
pleasure that has been denied me" Prince
Vajiravudh's visit is well remembered He
spent some time in this country and made
friends everywhere. Upon reaching home
he resolved to ''never lose sight Of what
America was doing" and to enEraft upon
his home institutions as many Americanisms
as would fit into his eastern scheme of rule.
In both Europe and America he had met
and admired many American women His
father and his fathers father and all of
his ancestors for $500 years had been the
heads of large households. Under the old
order every man in Siam was permitted to
marry many wives as he could support;
the kings household was practically un-
limited. The present king is the first
bachelor to sit upon the Siamese throne
He has declared that he will marry but one
wife, and, so it is said, she is to be an
American girl
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

from the frequency with which we changed
reflections and elevations. And then came
the order to depress our muzzes, and we
fired at bridges.
1.-THE Germans started to retreat yester-
day morning. and we played on bridges
again, hitting one big bridge when it was
full of Hun artillery. Infantrymen coming
back say the Germans ran around in swarn1s
with white flags. The French say the Amer
leans took very few prisoners, however We
placed curtain of fire to cut off their re-
treat, and understood prisoners were
taken; however, on all Sides late reports
last night from headquarters said that our
infantry followed them across the river"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
A V is t to
the German
Trenches
BY Lieut.. ]. E. Roscamp. r. K

by Lieut.. J. L. NoSCdmp, N &
1T WAS shortly after midnight and very
dark when two small parties, about
thirty strong. crept through the
'sallyport" under the parapct and 90
reached NO Mans Land"
Our own barbed wire entanglemsnts had
already been prepared for the expedition,
and, with the exception of having to wade
through the icy water In tbs "sallyport,"
were clear of our entanglements with
little difficulty.
Our guns had been bombardins the
Huns front line heavily during the day,
and it had been noticed that the constant
flow of water from pump over their
parapet had ceased, showing that the pump
had been broken down by our FIRE.
We were well aware that any breakdown
of this description would necessarily quick
~ food their trenches, and it was thought
that in all probability they would be COM
PEELED TO abandon that part Of their front
line trench and thus make IL possible for
us to carry out a reconnaissance and OBJ
tain valuable information concerning min
ing operations and the like; also, we should
be able to visit the vuriou. dugouts and
collect what papers and notices, IL nny,
remained.
The distance between the two front lines
at this point about 100 yards, and the
ground had been SO disturbed with mining
operations and the blowing up Of Iarge
craters, and also by the almost fnccssxnt
bursting of heavy shells, that there we're
deep holes all over It. Travelling In the
pitch darkness was therefore not q simple
matter. One of the principal features Of
the reconnaissance by night is to preserve
absolute quiet-which is very difficult over
ground such as I have described
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

darker than the blue centre of the French
England and Belgium, on the other hand,
are quite distinct. England is the only
one having very dark centre and very
light outer rings, and Belgium is merely
dark smudge, with black centre, the vel
low and red circles blending.
1t must not be thought for moment,
however, that the concards are the only
markings the fiers look for to identify
friend foe. The coucentrc circles are
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
In
It's Infant
Days

-OWN along the Mason and Dixon
line, between Maryland and
~ Pennsylvania, the traveller was
once able to find rows of lime
anna monuments, a peculiar limestone,
,sde ND of what the geologist calls ''tiny
.sIesreous concretions," resembling fish
80 The scientists called it Jurassic
suAstone because of the extensive devel-
uraxrt Of rocks of this age in the Jura
Maintains. It is this stone which formed
basis for the late Jurassic deposits of
lthoqraphic limestone. Professor Ed
ward ". Berry, of Johns Hopkins Uni
versity, discloses an interesting picture
NJ the geographic events of those early
aavs IN an article ON "The Jurassic La
eums Of Solnhofen" in "The Scientific
Mmshly.s Solnhofen is the scene IF the
lithographic stone quarries of South
Germany:
sDuring the long ages of the Triassic
neriod of the Paleizoc highlands Of Europe
had been very largely worn away by the
slow processes of erosion, and the Jurassic
history is in the main one of the shallow
seas gradually expanding over q land sur
acs Of low relief, and eliminating in the
Almost complete flooding Of the continent
smtA America on the contrary, presents
drlhng contrast to Europe, for it Is only
n ito Pacific Coast region, and in Alaska,
Tgn and Mexico, that any marine Jurassic
SEDIMENTS have been discovered
THE Jurassic seas of Europe were pre-
vIHngly shallow and warm They swarmed
With life Of all kinds, and their sediments
we're predominantly cs1careous-
sThs Solnhofen deposits came at time
lust subsequent to the maximum extern
con Of JurAssic seas which had occurred
the Immediately preceding times
TINS stage of the upper Jurassie Is known
- the PurtlandiHn (frorn Portland, Eng
hn) or Bunonian (from Bononia, the old
nsur fur Bonlogne, France)-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

the official insignia placed under the lower
wings. on top Of the upper wings and on
the side of the fuselage, SO that each fight
ing plane may be quickly identified while
in the air. The planes of the United
States army also have the national colors
painted on the vertical stablizer to further
aid in the Identification
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

been the authorized standard of the coun-
try. This White Elephant means much to
the easterner. 1t is the sign of sovereignty
Its use upon the standard of Siam meant
that Siam had gained the right to wear it
on her banner because of victories over all
adversaries. After entering the war His
Majesty thought that the time had come
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

for his country to present to its allies a
banner that meant union with them in
common cause. So Siam raised a tri-color,
and this new red, white and blue standard.
that was particularly prominent during the
recent Fourth Liberty Loan drive, has very
appropriately coupled Siam with her allies
in the battle for world righteousness,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

1t has been noticed that this new emblem
of slamese sovereignty is natterned not
upon the flag Of England or of France, but
upon the Stars and Stripes of the United
States, and it is interpreted as an ex-
preston of love for and an admiration
of the United States that date back for
years. When the grandfather of the pres
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

The answer is that the Allies usc a con-
spscuous concard on their planes, so very
different from tbs black cross Of the Cen
trial Powers that the we'll trained airman
even in the heat Of tho conflict cannot
mistake it.
The Maltese cross has been used by Ger
many on her planes since the beginning
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
French
By James Anderson

IT A LII airplanes look alike to
me-" observed bystander in a
Il m crowd watching a half dozen
machines circling above their
heads That remark is echoed, no doubt,
by many, who wonder how the aviator pos
sibly can distinguish Allied from enemy
planes in flight
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10
By Frederic Dean

~ LAM and the United States have much
in common. Dramatically opposed
4 y to each other in form of govern
ment--the IInited Statas hainox r.,laa
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-10

T WAS shortly after midnight and very
dark when two small parties, about
thirty strong, crept through the