davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1918-08-04

business began. There was nothing
remarkable about this experience,
either. 1t was Just an ordinary Illus
tration OF how good farm products can
be easily sold when the truth about
them is told Interestingly and circu-
lated judiciously.
Not every one has enough butter to
sell to warrant regular advertisements
in a large newspaper. but the method
the newspaper man followed Is sound
and simple, whether you have pota-
toes, apples, hams, sausage or some
thing else to sell. Think of adver-
Using as news interesting informa-
ton. Don't conclude that the world
knows the interesting facts about the
way you produce what you have for
sale. Tell them clearly and earnestly.
The last is very important. for 1t docs
no good to get people to read an ad-
vertisement IL they don't believe It,.
Pay particular attention to your head
fine, for IL Is on the headline that you
must depend mainly to attract atten-
ton. Note the following advertise
ment:
The sun., 1918-08-04
POTATO BALLS

GARDEN DEPARTMENT, THE srN-In
looking through my patch Of potatoes
found a number of plants bearing
potato balls.
Will you please tell me how to pre-
serve the balls for seed, and whether
there Is any demand for them and
where they can be sold?
WILLARD ME1ENz
SoCrH NoHwALK. Conn, July 80.
Allow the potato seed balls to re-
main on the plants until the vines are
fully matured and begin to dry. Then
pick the seed balls and spread them
out in a dry place that is well ventllat-
ed for a few weeks. Then crush the
balls carefully and squeeze out the
seeds in water and wash them until
they are clean. Spread the seeds out
thinly on paper or sheets in a dry,
well ventilated place and stir them
frequently.
A. T. Cook. Hyde Park, N. Y, buys
potato seed. State quantity and va
riety OF potatoes that produced them.
The sun., 1918-08-04
NEW HYBRID DELPHINIUMS.

The new hybrid delphiniums are
among the finest plants for the heroa-
ceous border. Their tail branching
spikes OF single or double flowers in
make them conspicuous IN June and
July. When well grown the flower
spikes reach height OF six TO en-
feet. with flowers covering them for
two or three feet or more.
There are numerous varieties and
all are excellent. The flowers in some
are closely set, forming a mass Of
color, while on others they are loosely
borne.
AS soon as the flowers fade the
spike should be cut down and any
dead leaves removed, being careful not
to remove any live leaves. which are
necessary to the plants welfare. Then
give the plants a good soaking with
water and follow this the next day
with n liberal dose Of weak LIQUID
manure, repeating the dose Of tonic a
few days later. The blossom!ng sea.
son will be prolonged and a display
OF flowers will also be produced in the
late summer.
Propagation OF named varieties Is
by dividing the roots in autumn or
spring. but nice lot OF plants can
be raised from seed. II can De sown
now and the plants may, If grown on
vigorously. give a few flowers next
year; but they Will not be at their
best until the third season. Seed
saved from established plants should
be sown when ripe in the autumn.
A good compost for raising the
seedlings consists OF three parts .oam,
one part leaf mould and one part
coarse sand. Fill the pots or pans
with this compost, SOW the seeds thinly
and cover them very lightly. II cold
frame is at hand stand the seed pans
in it and keep covered until the plants
appear.
Prick Off tho plants into other pots
as soon as they can be handled and
grow them on in the frames, where
they should be kept over winter. In
the spring when growth has started
plant them out In good soil, very
deeply dug and well manfred, and
they will develop rapidly.
Seeds may he started in a carefully
prepared bed in the garden kent
shaded with brush or papers until
the plants are up. II the sun Is very
hot shade may be required during the
middle of the day until the plants are
strong, The soil must be kept moist
at all times; to permit It to dry out
means the loss OF the plants. The
young plants can he thinned out and
grown on whore they are or trans
planted to the permanent bed. In
winter they will require the protection
The sun., 1918-08-04

time TO add the sugar to the Juice is
when the boiling process is approx
mately half done. The sugar should
be hct when put into the boiling Juice
In order that the latter may not be
cooled too much, and a good way to
heat the sugar Is to spread II on a
plate or pan and heat in the oven with
the door open, being careful that It is
not allowed to scorch. Skim the Juice
before adding the sugar.
The boiling time varies With differ
ent juices and Is dependent upon sew
eral factors. The greater the proper
ton OF sugar to Juice. the shorter time
is required; q thin Juice requires more
time for concentration to the telling
point" From eight to thirty minutes
The sun., 1918-08-04

| ing the haying season managed TO
handle their crops by exchanging WORK
with their neighbors.
The third reason why the farmers
are not suffering from lack OF labor
is that there has certainly started q
movement from the city back to the
farm. This has been brought about
by the increased cost OF living In the
cities coupled with high wages being
paid on the farm.
The experienced farmland at the
present time can get from $50 to $50
month, together with board, lodg'
ing and washing, which I figure is
equivalent to 500 a month In the
city.
am Of the opinion that this move
ment will be even more pronounced
another year because with the Euro
pean and army demand for foodstuffs
the cost Of living Is bound to remain
high.
I have felt all through the season
that many of the articles in the New
York papers were detrimental rather
than helpful to the farm labor situa-
ton. They have been too sensational
and many times have not been alto
gether truthful.
For instance: One Of the New York
papers some time ago in the Sunday
supplement stated that the boys in
creased the production tof food on Long
Island last year 80 per cent. This
article was brought to my attention
by Long Island farmer who had
been rather closely in touch with the
situation. -
He stated that this was ridiculous,
as only a comparatively few boys were
used on the island, and these In many
cases failed to make good.
believe that too much publicity
has been given along lines Of encour-
aging men, women and children who
have never seen a farm to go out to
help the farmers. have been
swamped with letters from all types
OF people, and mainly young girls
asking for a chance to go out and
work on a farm.
The amount Of this kind OF labor
that we have been able to place has
been rather limited, with the result
that these people feel that they have
been fooled and that this great labor
shortage that has been talked about is
a fake.
have been all season short OF men
with farm experience. There are large
number Of men in the cities doing
work which is really non-essential. or
work that could actually be taken
over by some one else, and l believe
that any publicity that you see At
20 piya Tho matter Of getting these
men back on the farm would be OF
great service. J. w ROBSON,
Farm Help Specialist.
New York State College OF Agri-
culture, Ithaca, n. y, July p, 1918.
The sun., 1918-08-04
LAYERNG CARNATIONS.

Carnations throw up the stem in
early summer on which the bloom Is
produced. simultaneously with this
development cluster Of low shoots
arc produced around the base, which
the florists call grass" BY summer
the grass shoots are strong and the
production Of plants from them may
begin.
There may be only one tuft Of grass
on a plant. consisting Of a central
stem thickly covered with leaves.
Usually there are several Of these
tufts, two or three strong and several
weaker ones. The weak stems should
be cut out altogether.
The layers will root quicker II q little
good rich loan mixed with sand Is
placed where the stems are to be
rooted. The soil about the plants Is
apt to be stiff and wet, which means
that the layers will root slowly.
Pull of the leaves on the lower part
OF the grass stems and just below the
remaining leaves at the tuft or crown
At the third or fourth joint pass the
blade of a sharp knife into the lower
part Of the stem and draw 1t up
through the joint, half way only
through the stem, being careful not to
sever the stem from the plant. The
object is to cut through the joint in
tho stem so as to form a tongue or
hanging slice. which should be drawn
gently open before the layer is pegged
down on its mound.
Pegs may be made from small twigs
bent over in the form of hairpins to
hold the layers firmly in the soil Tn
lees firmly secured the wind will be
likely to whip them about so the layers
will not remain in place long enough
10 take root.
The sun., 1918-08-04

food chopper and weigh. For each
pound Of fruit allow three-quarters OF
pound OF sugar. Put fruit and sugar
in alternate layers in a bowl and let
stand over night. Place the fruit. the
pulp Of the lemons and one-half the
rind OF the lemons sliced thin into
the preserving kettle. and boil until
the mixture is thick as jam. One cup
of scalded, chopped nuts may be added
II desired, Ave minutes before remov-
ing from the fire. Pack hot into hot
sterilized Jars. and seal at once. Boil
(process) half pint jars in hot water
bath for fifteen minutes, and pint jars
for thirty minutes. :.
The sun., 1918-08-04
CHINESE CABBAGE.

A Brooklyn reader wants to know
how to cook pc tsai or Chinese cab
bage. This vegetable is comparatively
new to Americans. Boiled like ordi-
nary cabbage, it is Of equal flavor and
without the penetrating odor OF cab
bage. It Is also used as salad and
as a slaw. If there are other ways OF
serving this vegetable THE Sun Gar
den Department would like the re-
Cipes.
The sun., 1918-08-04
DELICIOUS SMOKED HAMS
DIRECT FROM VIRGINIA.

The author OF the above article Is
the advertising manager OF one OF
the largest manufacturing concerns in
America an authority on the subject
Of advertising. Farmers. gardeners.
poultrymen and others can probably
dispose OF what they produce by
means Of small, we'll worded advertise
ments in mediums like THE Sun Farm
and Garden Department This de-
partment will answer inquiries re-
Carding advertising and assist in
making up advertisements without
charge.
The sun., 1918-08-04

VII. ho,d.r eor e.r.;,;,,
ciotn-Stanos on us own Dase,
on which kettle is placed
sold nv deoartrnent store. for
80,
~ ~
sho,,s ~, .,a,;on. .,S
sImmerinp for hour. he a,Iowsd .s ths
pectin is DESTROYED bv mi, sonr con.
tinued heating with the ac,d ana M
or,onn. ~ bo.,,na ,hars.s,.. ~,
The sun., 1918-08-04

suits in small quantity OF Jelly, which
is tough and unpleasantly sour. Too
much sugar. on the other hand gives
a larger volume OF Jelly. but ii is sof:
and will not stand alone" Jelly
which Is tender and yet holds its form
when taken from the glass is what is
desired, and this will be obtained by
carefully adjusting the amount OF
sugar to'the kind Of Juice used, Juice
rich in pectin and having sufficient
acid will, as a rule, give best results II
equal measures OF sugar and Juice are
used. II the Juice is more watary a
smaller amount of sugar is required
three-fourths as much, or perhaps less.
Experiments indicate that the best
The sun., 1918-08-04
Stand for holding straining
bag, designed by U. S. Depart
ment of Agriculture.

rg the white, which Is rich in pectin.
When juicy fruits are being employed
add just enough water to prevent
burning while cooking. In using those
which are not very Juicy. cover them
with water. Cook slowly until soft
and strain through bag made of
flannel or double thickness OF cheese
cloth. Do not use pressure IL a clear
Jelly is desired.
The consistency Of jelly prepared
from fruits having sufficient pcctin
and acid is dependent upon the amount
of sugar used. Too little sugar re-
The sun., 1918-08-04

The New York State Fair this year
will be great patriotic demonstra-
ton. Every farm is practically a mill
tary base contributing to the susie
nance OF millions of American and al
lied soldiers. The United States Gov
eminent will cooperate with the State
Fair management to make this a great
Liberty exposition.
The sun., 1918-08-04

The wash boiler arrangement illus
trated in The Sun OF June 16 will be
needed N preparing the conserves.
II consists simply of n wash boiler or
some other large vessel with tight
hitting cover, In this place a false bot =
tom of Stats or wire mesh to keep the
bottles off Of the bottom OF the vessel,
so the water will circulate under the
bottles when they are in the boiler.
otherwise the bottles will break
The boiler Is filled so the water will
come up to the top OF the cans that
are to be placed in 1t. The tops Of the
cans are screwed down eighty but
not tight, before the cans are placed in
the water. The cans are filed with
fruit and then boiled for the time
specified in the directions. This is
called processing. The cans. rubbers
and tops should be boiled (ster!lized)
for fifteen minutes before they are
filled with fruit
The sun., 1918-08-04

The Oregons. a breed closely related
to the Leghorns, originated at the Ore
gon State Agricultural College. were
leaders at the international egg LAYING
contest at the Connecticut state col.
lege the thlrty-second week of the con.
test. At the end OF the twenty first
week they were nearly 100 eggs te-
hind and now they are within 80 egg,
OF the leaders, 1t looks now astholgh
they would lead in another month.
The sun., 1918-08-04

gardener and farmer. When kept
closely cut the plants seed very close
to the ground and must be watched
carefully to prevent the seed forming.
1t catches in the crevices OF stone
walks and makes a determined effort
TO produce its seed. Out Of considera-
ton for neighbors, II for no other rea-
son, II should be exterminated,
The sun., 1918-08-04
HOW TO GET SUGAR FOR CAN.
MING.

Estimate the amount needed. Sign
a card at the grocer's stating that the
amount purchased is for canning.
II part of the sugar Is not used It
should be reported or returned.
0rocers are permitted to supply
what sugar Is needed for canning
when the purchaser signs the canning
card issued by the Food Administra-
tor.
The sun., 1918-08-04
FRUIT C0NSERvES.

Conserves are fruit products pre-
pared by combining several different
kinds Of fruits which blend well.
Whore small fruits are used in the
preparation. these are sometimes used
whole, or they may be cut into small
pieces as is done with the larger
varieties. Rs.sins or nuts. or both.
are sometimes added. These add de-
s.rable flivors and increase the food
Na'Ne OF tn prodict. Conserves are
used as condiments and make excel
lent spreads for sandwiches. In prep
aration. enamel or agate ware vessels
should be used
The sun., 1918-08-04
JOHN FRANKLIN

Plarktown, ..-, Tenn
For Sale" Is too general a heading
end does not arrest the rowing eye.
1t would have been better had the
headline been Pigeons, Rabbits
Guinea Pigs. Dogs" Write for prices
before buying elsewhere" is a hack
neyed expression. and certainly the
last three words OF 1t are inadvisa bic.
The name Of the advertiser would be
Just rs effective on the line with the
address. and this change would make
room for some more details of these
birds and animals. People are not
usually looking merely for a dog. but
are interested In some special breed
or type. Now note better advertise
ment:
The sun., 1918-08-04
FARM PRODUC

new form OF application blank ~,
pared, on the back OF which the ~.
lowing appears:
WILL YOU INVEST a DOLLAR
To help teach the public the ,-,.
food value of poultry and eggs?
To help keep up the demand %.
poultry and eggs?
To help stop unfair advertising q,
egg substitutes?
To help make a national survey =.
the magnitude and resources O, m,
billion dollar poultry Industry
To help maintain national pou,.r,.
war emergency headquarter, a,
Washington?
To help develop the practice OF "a.
operation in buying and selling in all
branches of our poultry industry?
To help insure an adequate Sunni
Of feed and supplies at reasonah,
prices?
To help perfect a national stand.
ardization Of poultry ard egg grada,p
VIII you invest n dollar and TIM,
become a part Of this great na,ions,
war emergency movement for the dc.
,,a,oo,,oo. ~ ~ ,~a,,..., .,. "
VI 80 po9 inu"sUya and
ton?
49,, I,.sos,,a H., , 800 fou''
representation during the period Of
the war for every poultry lnteres, In
order to meet critical national s,,u,.
ton. Its function is to protect, p,o.
-, - 49, ,,a,,,..,' - EVER
a. 49,, y ana
80, ,ot 'ea''za'
- - p'', "''on Of
smot. GIL" e''d'e7
IT. A.,
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=. 80 .. SEEKS
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sho,,,d 80 90 49,, 'o i'uusuy
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aso VIZ she estap'.shneht and
HIa ,,,n,. "a ild'io''aI inaccuracies
sa,., NJ" III ""S!i'''s'oh ar
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20, - ,ssue news service "h.rn
' NC gwen "Iue ulstr!pul!oh' his
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The sun., 1918-08-04

the first year Of about three inches
OF hay or straw.
Sift coal ashes over the crowns OF
the plants in the late autumn and in
May dig in about the plants finely
ground cone meal.
Plants of the leading varieties may
be purchased from florists and pot
grown plants may be safely set gu,
now.
The sun., 1918-08-04

The text is good, but the advertiser
erred in using a ten word headline
for such a small card Delicious Vir-
ginia Hams" well displayed, would
have been more effective. A good two
line heading for this advertisement
would he
The sun., 1918-08-04
Get behind and boost {.

Poultry yards at this season ar.
likely TO be dirty and barren OF green
foods. Stir the soil by spading e Up
sow wheat, oats or other grain and
keep green food constantly available
The sun., 1918-08-04
JELLY.

Good jelly Is dependent upon the
proper combination of pectin, acid.
sugar ana 1avoring substances. OF
these the fruit furnishes all but the
sugar. Pectln Is the substance con-
tained in the pulp and skins which
causes the jel,yins when 1t is cooked
out OF the fruit. The raw Juice pressed
from the fruit does not contain Il In
large amounts ordinarily.
Certain fruits, as currants, crab
apples, under ripe grapes. sour apples,
raspberries, blackberries, blueberries
and green gooseberries contain both
pectin and acid in sufficient quantities
ordinarily for the making Of good jelly.
Others, such as pears. ounces and
sweet apples, contain sufficient pectin,
but not enough acid; and still others
as Strawberries and cherries, have
acid enough but not sufficient pectin.
Jelly may be made from those which
lack pectin, however, by adding the
cooked out Juice from pectin contain
ing fruits. Likewise. fruits having suf-
ficient pectin but not enough acid may
be used for jelly making by adding the
juice of some sour fruit, such as
lemons or sour apples. The juice from
which Jelly is made should be as tart
as a good sour apple.
The sun., 1918-08-04

Chicks are offered durirE Angus
by E. r. Hummer & Co. French.ovr
y. j.. at greatly reduced prices
The sun., 1918-08-04
NUT TRUE.

A reader in Massachusetts inquire.
whether statements made in the book
THE Human Side of Trees" are true
The purple saracen!a's pitchers are
not Allied with clean. delicious water
No tree yields wine directly. The sar
Of the COW tree may have the exac,
appearance OF cows milk, but 1t is
exceedingly doubtful that 1t has AL
the qualities OF cows milk" The
South American acacias may give ar
electric shock when touched. but /,
would be so slight n shock. II any
that 1t would not be noticeable.
The statement that scientists ad.
NIT that trees have their laws of mar
rlage and courtship" is pretty broad
Who are the scientists who admit II:
Gan all my botanies be at fault?
Books of this kind are entertaining
but often wofully misleading in re.
gard to statements given as scientific
facts.
The sun., 1918-08-04
SEED BALLS.

EDITOR OF THE Sun. Garden Depart
ment-Str: Last December the Gar
den and Farm Section Of the Sunday
Sun had an account detailing a series
of observations on potatoes raised
from a seed ball. The observation
therein detailed were continued dur
ing 1slS>and II will interest f. ]. w.
tsee Sun OF even date), to learn that
the vines grown from the tubers there
described have shown a marked ten
dency to produce and ripen large seed
balls. At the present moment on this
desk are thirteen seed balls which
were gathered as the parent stalks
died down and other seed balls re-
main to be gathered. Not having dug
the patch the grade of the crop can
not be stated. That OF 1917 was high.
DUTcHEss COUNTY GARDENER.
BEACON, N. Y, July 80.
Potato seed balls are not uncommon
and potato seed Is not expensive. One
dealer in New York State handled
thirty bushels of potato seed balls last
sea son.
Seedsmen sell potato seed for ten
cents a paper.
The sun., 1918-08-04
Peg for carnation layers
carnation in grass" Cutting
ready for setting out-layer
pinned down in good soil.

Layering done in August will pro-
dlice plants that will make good roots
before autumn. With suitable soil
they will form a strong cluster of
fibres in six weeks so by the middle Of
September they will be ready for sepa-
ration from the parent
In the garden carnations should be
given an open and well drained loca-
ton where neither stagnant air nor
moisture will remain about the roots
Light loamy soil is preferred by the
carnation. but the plants thrive in
heavy soil If II Is well drained. Where
very best results are desired trenching
should be resorted to few weeks be-
fore planting. enriching the soil heavily
with manure.
Layerns can be commenced as early
in the season as the stems are long
enough to operate with
Carnations root readily from cuttings
made from parts of the stem severed
transversely just below a joint The
lower leaves should lie shortened and
the cuttings firmly inserted. the sol
made firm about the base or end Of the
cutting by pressing the soil about i,
WIN u biuut SUM IllSfIttu uldSolldily
The cuttings root readily in a cold
frame. With little care they can be
rooted in a shady spot in good soil In
the garden, but not every one will sue.
coed in this.
The soil in which cuttings or layers
are started should not be allowed to
dry out.
An English writer says of cuttings
While in one garden the cuttings may
he inserted almost anyhow and with
little or no care 80 per cent. or more
will root and make good plants, in an
other garden the majority will invari-
ably fail. even though the utmost care
and skill be bestowed upon them"
Carnations are being bred toward
long, strong stems and away from fra.
GRANGE and productiveness OF bloom.
Witch grass. panicum capillare, Is
an annual and 1t is one OF the most
troublesome weeds OF lawns. gardens
and farm fields. The time to fight
next seasons crop Is right now. II II
is kept cut down so It cannot go Il
seed there will he no crop next year
II is called old witches hair because
the seeds are borne on brown hairl!ke
tufts mat blow about In the autumn
scattering the seeds far and wide. The
seeds terminate next year wherever
they lodge and make trouble for the
The sun., 1918-08-04

No kitchen Is too small for canning
fruits and making jams and jellies.
The sun., 1918-08-04
FOR SALE

Pigeons, Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, Young DOGS
Write for prices before buying elsewhere
postal will be sufficient. No stock Is KEPT
az al
The sun., 1918-08-04
Plum COnseryes.

Four pounds Of plums. three pounds
OF sugar, one pound shelled nuts. two
oranges, one pound raisins,
Remove the seeds and chop the
plnms. Peel tho oranges and slice
thinly one-h half Of the peels. Mix the
chopped plums, orange pulp sliced
orange peel, sugar and raisins and
cook altogether rapidly until thick
as jam. Add the nuts five minutes
before removing from the fire Pack
hot into sterilized jars. seal and boil
tprocessl IN hot water bath for ten IN
fifteen minutes fo- half pint jars, and
thirty minutes for pints