davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1918-12-04

Senator P c. Knox Of Pennsylvania yesterday intro
duced resolution calling the winding up Of the war
business in as speedy posstbeaud the strip
ping Of the President OF his extraordinary war powers
Ths VIM strike responsive chord throughout the coun
try We want to get back to normal IN the funconing
of our government machinery soon possible The
war clause Of the constitution win, Of continue
to be In full force and effect until the peace treaty is
formally signed but unless some effort ismade in that
direction the government viii not be ready go
peace basis at that time assuming that President vii
sons guess that peace viii be declared early next spring
is good one.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1918-12-04

Hot roast turkey and everything
good that goes with it at Presby-
terrain Bazaar. Dec. 5th. Adv.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1918-12-04

VIII not give him a locomotive or two.
Il the Bando was halt as keen about
motive power as the Marshal Is the
war would have been more OF a sue
cess up this way
Wen, here IS a real snow at last
But It can't make the pumpkin pies
taste bit better.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1918-12-04
What People Say
and sideRernarks

Two hundred pounds eyoirdupois is
a pretty good load without having a
child in arms, another one tottling
along with assistance, two more under
seven and a big basket to tote but a
good woman SO loaded down boarded
the street car between Fafrmont and
CIarksburg few days ago and mount.
ed the front platform with some diff
Gculty. Her trials In getting into a
seat, fortunately one was vacant, won
the sympathy OF the entire car.
When she aIighted at junction point
along the line the conductor. whose
cap bore the number 164. was more
courteous than necessary and helped
her on In such splendid way that one
passenger observed:
THAT conductor has the habit
Of doing kind acts. I nominate
him for chief Of the Fairmont
chapter OF Good Scouts"
Uhler Dunlap can sign his name on
the smallest plot OF paper Of any
scrtbbIer in Fairmont. Some one ask
ed him the why OF It and he replied:
81 have learned to be economi-
cal with space"
It is a lesson that the newspaper
man must learn.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1918-12-04
-MONONGALLA
MUSINGS
Bearing

Bearing date of October %.
We recently received a letter from
Charles R. Eddy, formerly OF aagans,
now somewhere In France, containing
the following crisp comment: "The
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1918-12-04

A recuperatiye diet In influenza
Eorlick's Matted Milk, very digesti-
be
New-York tribune., 1918-11-24
THE Character of
l. the Natives

The first Germans to visit and settle in
Southwest Africa were missionaries, sent
thither by the Rhenish Mission Society
They were followed by the traders, then
finally came the soldiers.
After the visit of party of German
scientists and prospectoIs to Damaraland
their report as to The mineral and agri-
cultural possibilities was so satisfactory
that, on April "a, 1884, Prince Bismarck
formally sanctioned the hoisting of the
German flag.
Before going further it is necessary to
have a little closer understanding of the
natives inhabiting the territory limited on
the north by Portuguese Angola and on
the cast and south by British South Africa
To the north were Ovanbos, numbering
some $4,000; then came the Hercros. with
population Of approximately s0.0o0 the
New-York tribune., 1918-11-24
4 Variety of
"A ortures

The law governing punishments was not
administered in most cases by magistrates.
but by the police themselves. On the sim
pie complaint that laborer "was law and
did not work well' or was insolent to-
day" the police sergeant had sufficient au-
thority to administer up to fifteen lashes-
according TO his own judgment More seri-
Gus cases-theft for instance-would come
before the district head. The theft Of =
pair of boots was punishable by twelve
months Imprisonment and Twenty-Five
lashes applied twice
Prisoners were penned in vermin- infested
huts. After the lash had been admins
tered various forms Of torture were used
The leg bar chain was a common sight
This consisted of a heavy iron bar about
eighteen inches long with rings at each
end, and these locked round the ankles
IL this way the prisoner could not walk or,
move about. A similar bar was used round
the wrists. Neck and ankle chains were in
frequent use
Most OF the offences arose from the fact
that the natives could not understand their
German speaking masters, or from dislike Of
their oppressors.
Under such conditions it is only natural
that out of bulk of 1856 official sentences
passed from January l to March 81. 1911,
894 were for desertion, 1926 fer negligence.
429 for vagrance, Ala for dsobedicnce and
1913 for contravening the pass law.
Roughly speaking obnoxious and unjust
laws were not amended and new and very
necessary laws were not introduced The
native was thrashed and harshly IL treated.
and all that his brutal task master received
in the way Of punishment was vague
threat from the government that if he con-
tinued in his practice he would be allowed
no more native laborers from the state
New-York tribune., 1918-11-24

Il am right" the major asserted,
categorcally. "Only, you see, being
right doesn't prevent ones acting with
discretion. In the big cities-in great
city like Pars-it would not be crcum-
spect to rub it into men who don't
salute. One would risk unpleasant in
cldents with the street crowds. But it
suffices to show a little tact, to look at
a man sc as to indicate to him that YOU
expect to be saluted 1t is enough to
look at him-well, like this, for In
stance"
At that moment there passed in front
OF us, crossing our route, poilu be-
longing to the noble corps of the in
fantry of the marine. That fact was
indicated to the eyes of the vulgar only
by the anchors sewed in his cape and by
the yellow stripes on his trousers-for
the horizon blue has progressively de-
stroyed all the differences of uniform
which used to distinguish the various
services in our old army. Moreover, both
these-the anchors and the stripes
were so washed out and so dscolored by
the elements, the rain, the mud and by
the brush. which had wiped away the
mud, that one could hardly notice them.
Yet that he was Il marine could not
be doubted for a moment by any one
who had himself seen service in the old
days He was a man who had had
fevers; who had remained thin and
nervous, burned out by the sun and by ILL
ness; man who had gone through
everything there was to go through and
New-York tribune., 1918-11-24
THE Revolt
Il Against Bondage

There is not d case on record of single.
white man having been put to death for
killing a native. The heaviest sentence
ever passed on European for killing
native was three years Imprisonment, SEN
tence which was only partly carried out
though the murderer shot the daughter of
a chief who refused to be false to her
husband.
In March, 1904, after fourteen years
under the German yoke, Samuel Maherero
the complacent chief of the Hereros. found
that his own life in danger Though
facing certain destruction, he decided that
rebellion would be better than the present
bondage. Badly armed and with no ammu-
milton, the Hereros prepared for war; the
Hottentots united with them in their mis-
fortune.
BY August. 1904, the rising was virtually
over and thousands had been killed or
captured. Several leaders fled across the
New-York tribune., 1918-11-24

reignine queen in monarchysince a
queen has definite status in the constitu-
ton. But it may be taken for granted that
the wife of the President will be accorded
exactly the same honors as those paid to
royal consort. She will follow in sec
ond carriage, accompanied by Queen Mary,
just as the President is accompanied by
King George. She will be treated as the
First Lady Of our land while she honors US
with her presence.
Wherever the President goes the Amcr-
can flag Will be displayed, and it will also
be seen in many places where he doesn't &c.
There remains the question what functions
he will be asked to attend. The court is in
residence at Buckingham Palace, and not
Windsor. | assume, therefore. that a state
banquet will be held there, to which the
leading aristocracy and statesmen of both
parties will he invited. In past years there
has often been state ball, but | rather
doubt whether this social pageant would be
New-York tribune., 1918-11-24
Sacrifice on the Altar of Hun Ambitions

Of the whole race. When the soldiers
rived the Hcreros and Hottentots we're at
war. The Hereros we're nominally under
German protection. Goering wrote to Chief
Hcndrick Whitbooi of the Hottentots with
instructions to cease raiding the Hercros'
cattle and make peace without further de-
lay. Captain V. Won Francois was, of course,
powerless to intervene with such a small
force, The war dragged on, and out Of des-
pcration he visited Hendrick, made plain
to him that the territory was under German
rule and that no other European power
would come to his assistance. Impressed by
this fact, the Hottentots came to terms, and
for twelvemonth there was peace while
the natives chafed under the yoke which
grew heavier daily.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-24

In other words, so per cent Of the Herero
people had disappeared and more than ono
half tho other tribes had shared the same
fate. The natives of German Southwest
Africa, Judged by the German standard of
Kultur, had been found wanting Their
right of existence was apparently not JUS
tilted.
There is a very good reason why the
Hereros suffered to such an extent, not be-
cause they did not respect the laws i'm
posed upon them, not because they mur-
dered the German inhabitants, but because
they were the richest inhabitants of the
land
Among them the possession of cattle
amounted almost to religion A certain
number of head were he'd in trust by the
chief as part of the tribes property. Even
the poorest Herero, if he possessed no
stock at all of his own through disease or
misfortune, could call on the head of his
tribe for an issue Of stock loan from the
common herd. When Germany annexed the
country in 1880 the llereros people must
have possessed more than 10000 head of
cattle. By 1902, less than ten years after
the arrival Of the first German settlers,
the Hereros retained 45,S98 head Of cattle
while 1O51 German traders and farmers
owned 44,4S7 head between them Bv the
end of 1905 the surviving Hereros pos
sessed nothing at all and were reduced to
pauperism. In 1907 the imperial German
government by ordinance prohibited the ma
tives Of Southwest Africa from possessing
large stock.
The Germans were not long in the coun-
try before they discovered that the natives
were not disposed to part with their land
When the chief of the Hereros, Kamahe-
hero, died. the Germans appointed as his
successor younger son, Samuel Mahercro
a degenerate possessing no influence over
his people. The other chiefs refused to
recognize Samuel, and the rightful heir
few followers in 1896. The rebellion was
Of short duration, the tribe was practically
extermnated and its territory declared
crown land.
Samuel prompted by the Germans.
signed the necessary treaties making over
a large tract of land to the Germans, the
area including some of the finest grazing
land in the country. The boundary line
extended over 400 miles, bearing no def
mite demarcation. There was a great need
of cattle among the farmers now that the
necessary ground had been acquired. and
Major Leutwcn decided that all cattle
crossing the boundary line should be i'm
pounded. How drastic was this decree will
be understood when it is stated that Ger
tain streams necessary to the watering of
New-York tribune., 1918-11-24
w 7ill the President
w Accept Stars ;

Finally, | shall be asked whether Great
Britain will confer upon President Wilson
any of her chivalric orders, and if SO, how
many? My answer is that if the Presdent
desires a complete collection of our in
Vulnerable stars and ribbons we shall be
happy to oblige him, especially if we were
given to understand that he would wear
them throughout the United States. Tho
splendid services rendered by Mr. Gerard
to our wounded were recognized, l believe,
by the grant of K. c. B., which an Ameri.
can friend of mine took to be a subtle
reference to the Knights of Columbus! Is
really means a knight Commander of tho
Bath. There only two honors which
Britain could pay to President Wilson.
The first would be to enroll him in the
most illustrious order of chivalry now re-,
naming in Europe, and probably the most
illustrious of al time, and that is the
knighthood of the Garter. The ribbon of
this is blue and the star is resplendent,
The garter is worn below the left knee
above silk stockings, but of course, about
these little matters there is certain
choice British missions, like the one re-
Gently led by Prince Arthur of Connaught
to Japan, have travelled tens of thousands
of miles in order to confer this coveted
distinction, and it would mean that the
Presidential flag of the United States would
be hung in the choir of ST. Georges Chapel,
Windsor. One of the most dramatic in
cidents in the war was the removal from
that chapel of the flags of the Kaiser, the
Emperor of Austria, and other enemy po-
tentates who were expelled from the order
on account of their unchivalrous conduct
toward women and children in this war
The other distinction would be modern,
but more democratic in form. King Ed
ward had great admiration for Lord
Morley, who was then plain Mr.. Morley.
At that time Mr. Morley would take no
distinction of the old type, so there
established an Order of Merit, which car
ries no title, though there is, | believe, a
ribbon, and it is only conferred on persons
of the highest intellectual distinction, like
Lord Kelvin, George Meredith, Lord Fisher
or as | have suggested, Lord Morley. In
that exalted company, which owes nothing
to pride of birth, the name of President
Wilson might fifty be included, as a recog-
milton of his commanding attainments
an historian, author of English, and author
ity on constitutional science. This honor
would mean the addition of the letters
O. NJ. after the Presidents name.
To sum up, the people OF America may
rest assured that Great Britain is de-
lighted whenever there is an occasion tor
showing how warmly they feel toward the
United States A visit from the President
viii bring that fact home to any Americans
who have not yet realized it. Tremendous
interest is already aroused. Let us hope
that the maximum of good for all, nations
will result from the enterprise.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-24

desert with a view of seeking British pro-
lection. Leutwein had so far been in
charge of the campaign. But he was called
too lenient and General Won Trotha, famed
for his brutality in the Boxer Rebellion
and butchery in German East Africa, took
command. He was dealing, it must be
borne in mind, with an enemy without arms
or ammunition, who had already been
soundly beaten, and who had lost its best
leaders, yet he issued his notorious OYER
nichtungs Befehl" determination order).
His excuse for this was given in his report
to Berlin:
THAT the making of terms with the He
leros was impossible, seeing that their
chiefs had nearly all fed, or through their
misdeeds during the rebellion had rendered
themselves so liable that the German gov
ernment could not treat with them
When both Hereros and Hottentots sued
for peace in April 1905, Won Trotha replied
that surrender must be unconditional, and
that they would receive no guarantee as
to the sparing of their lives; further, they
were to hand over their livestock. At the
end Of 1905 Trotha recalled, to be
succeeded by Won Lindequist. The latter
required whole year before he could
bring the natives to terms
With peace came reign Of terror for
the surviving natives. Prior to 1903 only
two laws in force governing natives.
The first was promulgated in April 1896.
1t dealt merely with the punishment and
disciplinary control of the natives.
The second prohibited the taking Of ma
tives outside the protectorate for "exhi-
btions." Further, the natives forbid
den to travel over the border without the
governments sanction.
In 1903 a law was passed under the
terms Of which native could acquire
land or an interest therein, nor could he
own catteand this applied to a race
whose whole existence was centred on the
breeding and raising of their herds of cat
tie.
Forced labor governed by decree
passed August IS, 1907, obiging all natives
over seven years of age to bear passes.
Contracts with native labor were in force
only after due registration with the local
police. All natives over fourteen years Of
New-York tribune., 1918-11-24

the cattle were located on the German side
OF the boundary.
When the natives finally understood that
there recourse against the estab
lished boundaries they moved their cattle
north of the prohibited zone. Still in need
Of cattle, the farmers turned traders and
instituted IL system of robbery. Cows we're
most needed by the settlers for breeding
stock, and cows only were taken in ex
change for the goods left by the traders.
The methods of bartering with the ma
tives are on record in Captain Schwabe's
book "Nit Schwert und Pfug," where he
states that in exchange for one animal val
ued at $50 ($25O) the traders would
give coat pair of trousers, some to-
baccO and coffee.
1t will now be understood why by 1903
nearly half the cattle in Hereroland had
passed into German hands. Even in 1903
after the establishing of the courts natives
were not allowed to give evidence on OATH
The word of one white man could only be
outweighed by the statement of seven col
orcd persons.
With their cattle stolen and their land
conlscated the only means of making
living left the natives was to find employ
ment as farm laborers. There were too
many Hereros in the land; all could not be
given work on the farms. The life of a
native was consequently considered lightly.
Death by foggng was not regarded by Ger
man courts as murder Major Lcutwein
says that the natives could not understand
such subtle distinctions; "to them murder
and beating to death were one and the same
thing"
New-York tribune., 1918-11-24
THE SALUTE-By Pierre Mile

had pulled himself out, awaiting the mo-
ment when his troubles should begin
again.
In short, he was one of the old timers,
one of the veterans, one of the rare
veterans, who had passed through all
this great war after having passed
through he couldn't himself tell how
many colonial campaigns.
lie, too, had brealfasted well. He
had freely irrigated his meal and the
preliminaries to his meal. 1t was plain
that he had had something cup his nose"
That was evident in the look. at once
vague and joyous, in his feverish eyes.
Major Maugru stared at him in the
manner which he had been talking about.
The marine stared back, and continued
his journey as if he had noticed on the
sidewalk nothing at all in the shape Of
a major.
"So!" said Maugru to me, without
showing the least embarrassment "Then
we must try other means. But tactful
ones-always tactful ones. You will see
He approached the marine, who was
walking erect in spite of his drunken
ness. But 1t was certain that his
thoughts were elsewhere-far, far awav.
He was walking in state of happiness
and poesy; for it takes drunkenness to
give imagination to poor devils.
'My friend" said the major, who had
overtaken him, my friend, you didn't
notice these, perhaps?"
He pointed, with the index finger of
his right hand, to the four stripes on
his left sleeve-the last one, the high
est one, being a little separated from the
other three.
The marine remained impassive and
sublime. He looked at the strines 5.
dreamed an instant, and then answered;
You have a good place. Hold on
to it.''
| wondered what the major was going
to do. He did nothing He dreamed an
instant-he, too. Then he resumed his
place at my side and began talking
about other things.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-24
The Story of a Colonial Policy That
Outdoes the Worst lin
Belgium

Hottentots. about 10000; the Bastards.
about 1000, and the Bushmen, numbering
1000.
Under the treaties of 1885 and 1890 Ger
many's sphere of influence was definitely
recognized in German Southwest Africa.
She agreed at the Ant-Slavery Conference
in Brussels in July. 1890 to effectively pro-
tect the native races of Africa from op-
preston and slavery. Compare her attitude
then with the profession of faith made in
1904 by DR.. Paul Rohebcck, making plain
the German colonial policy after the second
Herero rebellion. In his own words he
stated that:
''The decision to colonize Southwest Al
rica could after all mean nothing else but
this. namely, that the native tribes would
have TO give up their lands which they
had previously grazed their stock in order
that the white man might have the land for
the grazing of his stock"
With the slow arrival of the first Ger
man farmers, who without sanction or au-
thority grasped the land belonging to the
natives. discomfort rapidly became evident.
In March 1889, Brinker, the German mis-
sonary of Okahandja, in Herero territory,
reported tnat II was quite useless to make
agreements with the Chief kamahero, but
that European power should be established
10 put down the arrogance OF the natives
and punish them for damage caused by
them. He suggested detachment of
four hundred soldiers and two batteries
of artillery for this work. Brinker was
of opinion that under such "protec-
ton cattle farming by the natives would
develop. As matter of fact, within twelve
Years of this "protective method" being put
in force the native Hereros did not possess
OK. heifer calf among them. They
forbidden by the Germans to do so.
Drinkers suggestion was sent to the Ger
man government, which through the Chan
cellor answered that protection should not
be afforded by military forces. This caused
such an agitation in Germany and among
the settlers that finally in the year $3.50 the
first German soldiers, twenty one in num-
Der. under the command of the brothers
c. and H. Won Francois. arrived in the colony.
With the arrival of the troops the period
of oppression and cruelty started, to be fol-
lowed in due course by the determination
New-York tribune., 1918-11-24

SO ends the usual programme, but take
1T for granted that there will be embellish
ments IN view of tho profoundly religious
temper OF both people | should hope for
great Anglo-Amcrican service Of praise in
st. Pauls Cathedral Then it must not be
forgotten that Congress has received Mr..
balfour which was tribute that touched
England deeply. Beyond all donbt our
Parliament will wish to participate in the
celebration. In 1906 William Jennings
Bryan spoke IN Westminster Hall tho oc-
casion being the Interpariamentary Con-
ference, at which members Of the First Rus
sian Duma were present Westminster
Hall has tho advantage of size Four thou
sand people can there be accommodated for
lunch Also it breathcs pleasant memories
Built by William Rufus, who died a violent
death, its roof was added by King Richard
II, who was deposcd and assassinated
William Wallace, the Scottish patriot, was
there sentenced for high treason. Arch