davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18
CambraI Gave
Tank Its Reputation

That battle established the reputa-
ton of the tank. 1t also showed
how artillery preparation could be
dispensed with, and a real surprise
effected by tank fleets. The lesson
did not go unheeded.
Yet the Allies must have found
their large tanks unsuited to the
conditions Of warfare, for thew set
to work Oh smaller, two-man models
which made their appearance the
earlier part of this year. The British
small tank, known as the "whippet."
came into action during the first
German offensive of the year. 1t
follows the lines Of a conventional
flat car provided with a low cater
pillar belt and mounting a turret
that houses the crew and the ma
chine guns. 1t makes a speed in
excess of twelve miles an hour. and
mas no difficulty in keeping up with
1eeing Huns. The French tank fol-
wed soon after. proving to be a
naller edition of the already ia
millar square-box model. But the
baby tank, like the British whip
pet, is'fast and readily man@uvred.
There is still another French tank,
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18
America Making
Great Fleet of Tanks

General Pershing is great De
lever in tanks. Undoubtedly he has
asked the authorities in this country
for tanks of all kinds and in large
numbers. And our vast industria
facilities should permit us to 'ufa
out vast tank fleets with the same
efficiency as other materials OF wal
thus making up for such wastage o.
improved German counter measut"
may brlny au.ra.
Little has been made puollc c"p
cerning our tanks now in process u
construction. 1t is understood Iaa'
we are making small tanks su''
able for our quantity productoD
methods. We are also making laFs'
tanks; in fact, as an example Oh w.
large tanks the authorities perm,
the publication of photograp" "
huge, forty-ton tank pul'' '.
concern near Boston, when N''
steam driven. The efficiency OF sse'~ u
over oil power plants is too W.,
known to require explanation, SDI
the large American tank so equ'pps.
is bound to prove great surp'"
on the battlefield.
In the meantime, the tank -
weapon of surprise. The less e
enemy hears about our tank p,"a.'
/ the better our chances OF oee'',p -
success when our Treat En- kousp
crews pilot their land ships o"
way to Berlin.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18
American Plans
Carefully Hidden

Just what the United States il
doing 10 take advantage Of this new
phase Of modern warfare is shroudcd
in mystery. No other arm of the
service In 80 gecretive as that of the
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18

CdIlk.
Until the tank was introduced by
the British during the Battle of the
Somme in 1916, it was we'll nigh i'm
possible to advance against in
trenched positions except after long
artillery preparation so as to cut up
the barbed wire and exterminate the
German machine guns and their
crews.
And the very fact that long ar
tillery preparation was required,
running into days and even weeks,
gave the enemy ample warning that
an attack was impending, with the
result that he brought up his re-
serves and stopped the offensive in
short order. To attack an intrenched
enemy without first reducing his
barbed wire and accounting for most
of his machine guns was suicide,
nothing more or less.
No military secret of this war has
been more successfully kept than the
tank.
The Germans, soon recovered from
their fright, at once began to ridicule
the tank. They pointed out how vul
nerable the tank was to the smallest
cannon and how easy it was to bring
field guns into the front line trench
to combat them. But all the while
tho Germans saw the possibilities of
this new form of attack, and after
capturing one or more of the British
model they set to work devising THEN
own
The formula for a tank appears
to be little more than Il catcrpilla,
tractor of the type often seen or
American farms, carrying stee
box which houses a number of guns
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18

cording to their special qualifca-
tions, which depend largely on what
they did in civil life and their fight
ing or mechanical qualities. The
ighters-the machine gun men, ar
tillerists and drivers--will be drawn,
whether officers or privates, chiefly
from the ranks of those who ara not
mechanically skilled. Mechanics and
mechanical engineers will naturally
drift to the maintenance work.
Give Up Big Salaries
To Ride the Tanks
A we'll known business man about
forty years of age has just given up
salary of 100000 year to enlist
as a private, with the hope of being
an officer Of the iron cavalry that
is to charge on to Berlin. A film
.service manager on the Pacific coast
has given up $4,000 to do likewise.
Hundreds of prosperous and success
full leaders in civil life are swarm
ing to the fighting colors of the
tanks and are striving to emulate
in their pugnacious aggressiveness
the snarling wildcat that has been
chosen as the emblem of the tank
service. Take them all in all, physi-
cally, mentally and culturally, the
tank men are declared to be the
flower of the army.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18

the engines and crew. Guns are
OF the Lewis type, in the British
model and of the Hotchkiss model
in the French. Some of the tanks
known as the "male" type, as dis
tinguished from the female" type.
carry small cannon in addition to
machine guns.
The larger tanks first employed
by the British made speed of
somewhere between three and five
miles an hour. The diamond-like
shape of the caterpillar belts per-
mits these monsters to climb in and
out of shell holes and to negotiate
the most wretched terrain. Mud has
little terror for the tanks because
of the large bearing surface afforded
by the belt in contact with the
ground.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18

with twenty-five assistant officers,
who, after thorough practical ex-
perience with tanks in England and
France, will act as instructors for
the men and officers of the rapidly
growing Tank Corps. No informa-
ton is available as to the numbers
of men and the amount of equip
ment now at these camps.
Great Rush of Men
To the Tank Service
The tank idea has taken the coun-
try by storm, and such is the eager
ness of strong men, natural fighters
and mechanics and engineers, to
enter the service that it has become
easy to make it corps d'elite, rank
ing in the excellence of the person.
mel with the marines and the air
service. Every man, whether for
the fighting section or the mechani-
cal side, is hand picked. Every Of
ficer is promoted from the ranks of
the enlisted men. No man can Sc
cure commission without first be-
coming buck private.
Privates who have the natural
equipment of officers are put through
an officers training school and on
graduation are commissioned as
second lieutenants. When commits
stoned they are assigned to duty ac-
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18

The French did not introduce their
tanks until the great offensive Of
April, 1917, along the Aisne. The
story goes that the French, with
characteristic conservatism, awaited
the outcome Of the British expert
ment before sending their own tanks
into battle. But despite the hilly
and unfavorable terrain of the Aisne
battlefield the French tanks at once
proved their worth.
In general principle the French
tank follows its British counterpart.
However, instead of bringing the
caterpillar belts over the top of the
body the French bring theirs low
down SO as to prevent a minimum
mark to enemy projectiles. This de-
sign, it would seem, does not give
as good climbing qualities as the
British, although from a military
point of view it is better because it
is less vulnerable to damage.
German Tank Far
Behind the Allies
Then there is the German tank,
or "Panzerkraftwagen," which made
its debut during the offensives of
this year. In general design the
German tank presents nothing new.
1t appears rather to follow the lines
of the French tank, with low cater
pillar belt covered over by the front
and sides-an improvement over AL
lied tanks.
Due to the scarcity of steel-hard-
ening materials the Germans have
been forced to employ poor quality
steel for their armor, and thickness
and heavy plates have had to make
up for poor bullet-resisting qualities
Thus the German tank isaextremely
heavy and cumbersome. 1t weighs
AS tons, which is considerably in ex-
cess OF the Allied tanks. The arma-
ment comprises one 47-mm. u.85
in.) cannon for direct fire ahead and
six machine guns mounted in pairs
on each side and astern. The crew
consists of one officer and 18 men
who pack the interior; in fact, when
the tank is in motion over rough
terrain the men manage to stand ur
by means of straps, which seems
quite to home for the New Yorker
used to travelling in the subway dur
ing the rush hour! There are also
folding seats. But as whole the
German tank is poor piece of en-
gineering; and it's record on the
battlefield does not contradict thai
statement.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18
"Our tanks destroyed the enemy's
wire entanglements," also said the
reports. This shows one of them
doing it.
British Official Photo)

tanks. The reason for this is that
the Allies are away ahead of the
Germans in the development and use
of tanks and that the new ideas that
are constantly being introduced into
them are a large part of their effec-
tiveness.
The German lives in daily dread
of a new tank surprise, and it is
important to satisfy this dread. The
Germans have testified that if the
British had had 3 thousand tanks
on hand when they first sprung them
the war would have ended then and
there in a chaotic German defeat.
So now the Germans are kept in the
dark both as to the numbers and
varieties of the tanks that the Allies
are bringing up against them.
Nothing Of a definite nature is,
therefore, officially permitted to get
out, and it would be most unwise and
unpatriotic to publish what is known,
outside of what becomes public
property through the revelations of
the battlefields. Even the recent
phenomenal success of the French
and British tanks, which in respect
to the performance of the former
brought out special acknowledgment
from General Petain and Premier
Clemenceau Of the pivotal character
of their achievements, has not ex-
hausted Allied power and inventive
ness.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18
Ordnance Department
In Charge of Work

The production of the tanks is a
function of the Ordnance Depart
ment, in which a special division is
charged with the task. The service
corps in the United States is directed
by Colonel /. c. Welborn, who is a
medal of honor man of the REGULAR
Army, with service in the Spanish
American War, in the Philippines
and in the Boxer expedition. He is
reputed to be man of great force
and executive ability. His assistant
is Captain Phil d. Poston. Briga-
dier General S. D. Rockenbach is
commander of the tank service in
France. 1t has been officially adj
mitted that there is one battalion of
the American tank service at the
front, but whether these machines
are American or foreign made is
not known.
Thus far two tank camps have
been established. The camp at Get
tysburg, Penn, is concentration
and preliminary training camp and is
in charge Of Major d. D. Eisen-
hover. The advanced training camp
is at Tobyhanna, Penn. Colonel w. H
Clopton is in command there. He
has recently rcturped from France
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18
Talk of Vast Numbers
OF Smaller Tanks

1t is impossible to say anything
about on how large a scale the
United States is building tanks and
training the personnel to go with
them. Some of the enthusiasts rec
ommend the enlargement of the tank
service to the dimensions of the Sig
nal Corps, which, when it still in
cluded the army air service, num-
bered more than 1925, 900 men. They
also insist on the immediate build
ing of not less than 100000 of the
small tanks for two men and pos
sibly one-man tanks.
No announcement has ever been
made of what is actually being done
in respect to the number of tanks
being built or planned or the num-
bers of the men that are to use
them. But there is no doubt that
the High Command is fully aware
OF the immense potentialities of
tanks and firmly committed to their
use on large scale. 1t is held that
the utilization of tanks in immense
numbers at an early date is much
more feasible than that of a large
number of airplanes, because their
manufacture is not so novel a thing
to American automobile and truck
manufacturers,
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18
How a New
w e apon Has
Helped Make 1t
Possible to Turn
Back the Ger
man Tide
By Theodore M. Knappen.

Washington, august II.
THANKS are now the thing in
military circles.
Il Awhile ago it was air
planes that were going to
win the war so far as it is to be
won in actual conflict, but now it is
tanks.
Men from every other arm Of the
military service are turning now to
the tanks. Majors, captains and
]ieutenants are giving up their COM
missions in other services in. order
to enlist as privates in the "tanks. :"
Word has come back through the
army channels Of what one officer
says and writes to another, that
tanks will win this war as artillery
won Napoleon's wars and as the
British long-bows won in the Hun
dred Years. War.
The word runs that neither gas,
airplanes nor massed artillery will
be counted the epochal innovation Of
this war; but that the honor will
be reserved for tanks. Even the
naughty airmen are beginning to
think that the tortoiselike machine
that keeps close to Mother Earth is
the coming conquering instrument of
warfare.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18
(TEE TANK ROAD TO VICTORY OPENE
America Hide.
Her Gigantic
Plans for New
Steel Cavalry
ToBe Ready for
Big Offensive

vancing infantry. But even thai.
man. can at once appreciate H..
much more efficient is the tank r;s @ 1
its added possibilities of attac,;s
enemy German gunners, no ma,.'
where they may be, while immns
against machine gun and rifle fra
Lighter Tanks,
The New Cavalry
The lighter tanks with their grA..
speed can be used as special cav.,,r
Retreating Germans can be chas.a
caught up with, machine gunned and
crushed, and thrown into comnle,.
confusion. The "whippets" and II.
babies" and the "mosquitoeso csn
worm their way far into enemy "a,
ritory, when the German line is oncs
preached, and interfere with trans,
ports and retreating troops in wsvs
too numerous to describe. They cso
accompany cavalry just as they d.
infantry, taking care of troublesome
machine guns whenever the regular
cavalry is held up.
SO all in all the tank has gre,.
possibilities in the battles to come
Certain it is that the Germans, who
have never failed to capitalize those
methods used against them, are %.
ing to develop tank fleets of their
own. But they are so far behind
the Allies in numbers and experience
that they will have 4 hard time
catching up. In fact, aside from their
"panzerkraftwagen" being poorly de.
signed, their main difficulty appears
to be the lack of good material for
crews.
And allowing that the Germans
develop good tanks, in sufficient
numbers and manned by skilled
crews-and that is admitting some.
thing that does not seem humanly
possible at this late stage of the
game-they will have to face the
Allied tanks in battle and the Allied
anti-tank defences. Already our al
lies and ourselves have perfected
mines for dealing with tanks; we
have mines that can be placed in
the probable path of tank and that
explode as the tank passes, raising
the huge steel hulk a few feet in the
air and letting it fall with crash.
or turning it on its side.
The most important anti-tank de-.
fence, however, is the 37-mm. az
in.) cannon originally introduced BY
the French for destroying machine
gun nests. This little piece is a
counterpart of the famous French
75-mm. or three-inch field gun, al
though it is not mounted on wheels,
being intended for the use of skir.
mishers and therefore setting close to
the ground on it's tripod support. Its
diminutive she'll of the armor-pierc.
ing, high explosive variety can be
depended upon to penetrate any tank
the Germans may employ, causing
death and destruction within Be-
cause Of its portability and small
size it can be brought into the from
line trenches, or even out in tht
open, with the same facility as th'
ordinary machine gun. And with
trained crew of four men, two act
ing as observers and two mannin,
the gun, it can fire twenty-tiv aime'
shots a minute, any one of whicl
can inf1ict serious damage on HUI
tank long before it gets within dan
gerous range.
Both the British and the Amer
cans have adopted the 37-mm. can
i. non, which has come to be know
as the tank wrecker" although orig
inally intended for service agalns
: machine guns.
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18
Tanks, Chief Weapon Against
Barbed Wire and Machine Guns
By Austin c. Lescarboura

associate Editor of "The Scientific American'
New-York tribune., 1918-08-18

N1E answer TO German barDet the engines and crew
I wire ana machne guns is the of the Lewis type, in
The Washington times., 1918-11-06
RETAILERS MUST
STOP ALL WASTAGE

Westage OF food. time and labor by
retail dealers ~ the District was to.
day ordered stilI further minimized
b. Clarence Il. Wilson. food admins
traitor.
The order provides that foodstuffs
offered for delivery by wholesale NOR
chants and jobbers at the retailers
store. shall be accepted, unless good
reason is given.
1t is a common practice In the Dis
trict CT Columbia for retail dealers to
order foodstuffs from wholesale mer-
chants to be sent to their stores G. o.
D.. or upon credit. and. when the
goods so ordered are offered for de-
livery. for the retail dealers to refuse
to accept such goods and to order
them returned said Mr.. Wilson. This
practice is the plain cause OF great
waste OF food, time, labor. and haul
ing. We have determined TO put an
end to this practice.
The Washington times., 1918-11-06
NINE ''FLUp DEATHS
IN DISTRICT TODAY

Nine deaths. as a result OF the
Spanish influenza epidemic in Wash
Ington, were reported to the District
Health Department in the twenty
four hours ending at noon today.
This is a decrease of four deaths over
the thirteen reported during the pre-
ceding twenty-four hour period end
ing at noon yesterday.
Forty-nine new cases were reported
to the Health Department in the
twsnty-four hours ending at noon to-
day. This is a decrease of 102 cases
over the 15l cases reported for the
preceding twenty-four hours ending
at noon yesterday.
Health officials believe that the low
number of deaths and new cases
being reported each day will remain
practically the same for a week or
more.
The Washington times., 1918-11-06
ADVERTISER A ENT.
A Sure Way To
?. End Dandruf

There is one sure way that has
neyer failed 10 remove dandruff a.
once, and that is to dissolve it. then
you, destroy it entirely. To do this,
Just get about four ounces OF plain,
common liquid arvon from any drug
store Cthis is all you Will need), ap-
ply it at night when retiring; use
eEbugh to moistcn the scalp and rub
St7n gently with the finger tips.
By morning, most If not all of your
dandruff will be gone. and three or
four more applications will complete
lV dissolve and entirely destroy every
single sign and trace OF. IL. no matter
how much dandruff you may have.
You will find all-itching and digging
of the scalp viii stop instantly. and
your hair will be fluffy. luStrous.
glossy. silky and soft, and look and
feel a hundred times better.
The Washington times., 1918-11-06
HAP PENINGS IN SOCIETY
italian Ambassador and Countess d Ceere Celebrate King ta
Birhday-Imporant COncerts-Activits of the Diplomats

western field: Mrs. Charles Dickin-
son. of Brooklyn: Mrs. Walter Park
er, of Detroit; Mrs. John Mells 8nd
AIRS. Frank G. Carpenter. OF this city
the members OF the board: Mrs. VIII
liam II. Bayly. Mrs. James W. Wsds-
worth. ir.. Miss FL Edbeth +. Pierce.
Mrs. Charles W. Richardson. Mrs.
John F. Scully, Miss Margaret X.
Fox. Mrs. Herbert l.. Day, 81 SIS Es-
telle Foster. Mrs. Perry $. Heath,
Mrs. II. b. +. Mscfarland. Mrs. Wood
bury Puisifer. Dr. Ada r. Thorn
as. Miss Mable ~Thursto1. Mrs. Fred
Wright. Mrs. John Newbold, Miss
Frances f. Chlckering. Mrs. :. Ellis
worth. OF New Yo:k. general secre-
tary; Miss Florence NJ. Brown and
other local secretaries OF the y. w.
c. A..
Mrs. Isaac Pearson. president of the
League of American Pen Women. en-
tertained at small and informal
tea yesterday Afternoon in honor o.
Miss Maria Thompson Dsviess. who
is the guest Of Mrs. Ida Clyde Clarke.
Mrs. BOvee poured tea, and the
executive officers OF the league as
sisted. Miss Dsviess IS the author
of THE Melting OF Molly" which had
its premier performance here Mon
day evening.
Mrs. John 4. Logan received word
yesterday OF the birth Of John 4.
Logan 4th. i'm Youngstown. Ohio. He
is the son OF Capt John 4. Logan /
Sd, who is now in France, and who |
was married about two years ago to |
Miss Towers, of St Louis. His faith |
er. Capt. John A. Logan, jr.. lost his
life in the Philippines during the
Spanish war. This is the /
first great-grandson OF the late cen /
John A. Logan, OF civil war fame,
Senator from Illinois for many years.
The Washington times., 1918-11-06
EDGE AND BAIRD WIN.

TRENTON, y. j.. Nov. 6.-Governor
Edge has been elected United States
Senator by majority of probably not
more than $4,000.
Senator David Baird was elected for
the short term over Charles O'COnnor
Hennessy. The Democrats apparently
have gained one seat in the House.
The Washington times., 1918-11-06

Douglas. Mrs. Craik and Miss MurieI
Denys were guests of the Rev. and
Mrs. +. Ward Denys. Mrs. Calderon
Carlisle and Mrs. La Sale CorbeIl
Pickett also had boxes
Others in the audience were the
Assistant Secretary Of State and Mrs
William Phillips, Mrs. stephen &. Ell
kins, Mrs. Robert NJ Thompson. Miss
Hilda Sykes. Miss Laura Harlan, Mrs.
d. Buchanan Merryman. Mr.. and Mrs.
Frank Reeside, Mrs. Victor Kauff-
mann and Mrs. Ona Talbot
Major and Comtesse Jean De Re.
viers Of Paris who have spent the
last year in Atlanta, are in Wash.
ington for q few days. Major De
Reviers has been ordered to report
here preparatory to sailing overseas.
Mrs. Stuart Witham, wife Of Lieu
tent Witham, L. $. A, of Atlanta. who
has been quite i'll. has recovered and
has gone to New York with her
mother-in-law, Mrs. William :. With
am, they will spend several weeks at
the Waldorf. Lieutenant and Mrs.
Witham passed the past summer and
carly fall in Washington. but left quite
hurriedly for California, whence he
sailed for foreign serVice. Mrs, With
am was taken in while in q West.
but returned to her home iHAtlanta
as soon as possible.
Mrs. J. Biddle Porter and Miss EIiz-
abeth Rush Porter are staying at
New York for few weeks The
wedding of Miss Porter and Mr.. Fred
erick {. Fearing will take place in
December.
Mrs. Porter and her daughter passed
the summer at Bar Harbor.
DR.. and Mrs. Frank Hood Shultz are
being congratulated on the birth OF
a son, William Gray Shultz Mrs.
Shultz will be remembered as Miss
Constance Gray. Her Young son is
named for his two grandfathers.
Philip $. p. Randolph. of PhiiadeI-
phia. announces the engagement of
his daughter. Miss Hannah Randolph,
to Robert Spear Hudson. third secre-
tary of the British embassy. Miss Ran
dolph is just now at Lakewood with
her sister. Mrs. John r. Fell. She will
return 20 Philadelphia at the end or
this week.
The monthly meeting Of the chair
men OF auNiliaries of the District Of
Columbia Chapter Of the Red Cross
will be held at Studio Hall. 121O Con-
necticut avenue tomorrow. There will
be a business meeting at 1880 O'clock
and at 1870 a general meeting. at
" hich Col. James +. Church will give
an informal talk on war conditions
in France.
The Washington times., 1918-11-06
Herr for Season.

Countess Gizycka and her young
daughter, Miss Felicia Gizycka, who
spent the greater part OF the summer
on a ranch in Wyoming. are estab-
lished at their residence. 1901 r
street, for the winter.
The Washington times., 1918-11-06
Al Y. w. e. A. Lunrheon.

The directors OF the Y. W. {. A.
entertained Miss Jean Batty at
luncheon yesterday Miss Batty is
the founder Of the Y. W. c. A work
in Buenos Aires. and is leaving the
United states shortly to establish a
similar organization in Rio de ia
neiro. The other guests at the
luncheon were Princess Lazarovitch
of Serbia: Miss Louise HOlmquist
and Miss Marion Hopkins. OF New
York: Miss Gertrude PracIl. Of Phil
adelphia: Mrs. June Richardson
Lucas, OF the Pacific coast field:
Mrs Robert Lewis. OF the North