davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13

10 develop ;he power Of concentra
ton. without which 70 human being
can be successful in life, there must be
a certain amount of directed play each
day Children are given this in kin
dergarten, and the mother can also
give it 20 them in the home. When
mother sews the opportunity TO direct
play is at once afforded, by having the
child sit close by and sew piece Of
loosely woven cloth. such as canvas or
scrim. A big, blunt pointed needle
should be chosen for the purpose and
tied securely to heavy thread. When
the child shows evidences OF fatigue
the work should be laid aside for an
other day.
Large, colored. wooden kindergarten
cubes and spheres, one inch in size, with
a hole through the centre to string on
shoe laces, are also fine for a lesson
IN concentration. This OCCUPATION
should be permitted only when mother
is close by TO watch and help
For cni.d OF three or older. kinder
garten sewing cards. which are per
forated and to be worked in colored
worsteds, are interesting and instruc
tive. An economical way to procure
such cards is for mother or father TO
board, lightly trace an apple. ball, or
some other object on one OF the pieces,
and then perforate the outlines every
half inch, making the holes as large
as the head Of pin. These outlines
can then be sewed by the child in
bright colors, working up and down in
the holes. Be sure the outlines Of the
objects to be sewed are large, as small
objects are too trying for young hands
and eyes.
Books to Help Mother
For the Chidren's Hour" by Caro-
lyn Bailey; How 20 Tell Stories to
Children" by Sarah Cone Bryant;
/ Stories to Tell to Children" BY Sarah
Cone Bryant; "Children's Book" By
H. E. Scudder; "Half Hundred Hero
Tales by Francis Storr; Mother
Stories" by Maud Lindsey: More
Mother Stories" by Maud Lindsey;
Kindergarten Story Book by Jane L.
Hoxie; "Firelight Stories" by CAROLYN
Bailey; THE Chidren's Reading" by
Frances J. Olcott; Three Minute
Stories" by Laura Z. Richards; Story
Telling in School and Home" b. T. \
and G. f. Partridge; Tales of Laugh
ter by Kate Douglas Wiggin and Nora
Archoold Smith; THE Talking Beasts. -
by Wiggin and Smith: The Story
Book" by Hawthorne; ~Tanglewood
Tales by Hawthorne; Just So
= stories,' by Kipling; Jungle Book"
by K;pling; Nights With Uncle
Remus." by joel Chandler Harris: SIN
Storyland," by Elizabeth Harrison; "A
Little Book of Profitable Tales" by
Eugene Field; Fairy Tales" by Ander-
sen; Grmm's "4Esops Fables: Peter
Rabbit Stories.' b. Beatrix Potter;
Index TO Short Stories" By Salisbury
and Beckwith; myths That Every
> Child Should Know by Hamilton
Wright Mabie: an the Child's World"
by Emile Poulsson
. Poems and Songs
"A Childs Garden of Verses" by
Robert Louis Stevenson; The Posie
; Ring" by Wiggin and Smith; Small
Songs for Small Singers" by Med
linger: Mother Goose" set to music.
by J. ". Elliott; Finger Plays by
Emile Poulsson
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
JBoat Pirate, Hidden Below Waves,
Sees Prey Advance for Death Blow

"No notches on your gun, Ell! Didn't
you see any periscopcs?"
"Not one said he.
"No excitement at all ?"
"Well, wouldn't say that" he an
swered.
well. look here. old man. what did
happen to you? Didn't YOU see a sign
Of Fritz"
Nothing but torpedo he an
swered, and then went on to tell the
story:
1T was fine. breezy day. clear and
cold, with enough wind to kick up the
w-hitecaps. We had been in the war
zone few hours. Our guns We're all
manned, with ammunition handy, so
that we could open fire instantly. We
OH the bridge. We had just completed
a zigzag, and as we Strengthened out on
he new course | walked to the end of
tEc bridge. Just then ! heard a yell
flcm aft and saw one Of our lookouts
pointing to the water close alongside.
| looked down and there. rot twenty
feet away, was the irothy, bubbiing
wake OF a torpedo. 1t went on by a
parallel course. called to the mate.
who had the deck. to keep her steady,
and ran aft as hard AS ! could 90, but
mere was NOT sign o. "nSlnl az.
Lookouts had all been on their Jobs. no
body had seen a thing and, though we
swept the sea with our glasses, we
never did see anything. 1t WAS just
bull luck that We changed course when
we did, for another minute on the old
heading and Fritz's fish would have
landed in our engine room. 1t vas no
weather for 2o0-mile pull in open
boats, either"
Let us look at the other side OF the
picture. The submarine U79 is on the
surface. jogging along at an easy pace
She has rccharged her storage bat
tcrics so that she can maize an extend
cd run under water, but does:l' t intend
TO dive Nrtil necessary. Keen eyed
lookouts keep watch on her coming
tower and one of them reports smoke.
The smoke comes nearer, and finally
the masts, tunnels and upper works
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
The Jugoslavs

The Jucoslavs are the Slavs OF the
South. the word jugo signifying south
in the Slavic languages. The Jugosiavs
appear in history under three names,
viz. Croats. Serbs and Slavonians. but
are no. three different peoples. They
have the same origin, speak TIE same
Language. inhabit the same contiguous
countries, have the same customs and,
above all, entertain the same national
aspirations, thus forming one nation
designated by a common name
JuSoslavs.
The Jugoslavs came during the sixth
end seventh centuries from trans
Caspian regions to their actual father
land.
They number about 100000, OF
whom 100000 are III Serbia and
Montenegro, 10000 in Austrla-Hun-
gar, chile 1900 900 live for the great
jcs. par. temporarily in the two Amer
;cas and tho English colonies. There
Aru so, 900 in Italy.
ln us,ria-Hungary they inhabit
Crontin. Slavonia, Dalmatia with all
It's islands. Bosnia Herzegovina, lstr.a,
Curn;o.a, Carinthia. Syria, Gorltz.
Grndisca, Trieste and some regions OF
southern Hungary.
The west Of the Iusoslav territory is
occupied by the slavonians, the centre
bv the Croats, the east by the Seroians.
This division. however. il to be under
stood in a general -Fay. In reality the
Croatian and Slovenian elements on the
one hand, and the Serbian and Croatian
on the other are intermiXed IN the
various countries.
The Slavonians were the first to found
an independent state. The beginning
of the ninth century saw arise /.
Croat;an and Serbian state. The
Slavonians succumbed to Charlema gne
in 77} 'i'Me Croats. after the cxtinc-
tor Of their rational dynasty. chose in
1920 the King of Hungary for their
king. The Serbian state, which at
ta:ncd its acme under Tsar Dusan. los.
its independence in the battle of
Kossovo in 1889. The Slavonians and
C,oats fell under the domination OF
Austria. and the Serbians under tina,
- 'rnrnry
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
Ruthenians

5. T.-Who arc the Ruthenians? To
what race do they belong? What coun-
try do they inhabt and how much do
they number?
Ruthenians are Slavic people Of
the Eastern group, forming branch Of
the Little Russians. They inhabit chief
" Galicla in Austria). where they
number about 100000, and there are
over 400 900 in Hungary and 100000 in
Bukovina. The Ruthenians were sepa-
rated from the bulk of the Russians
by the accident of the two feudal prin-
cipali,ies o. the old Red Russia, Halicz
and Nolhynia. having fallen to Lithua-
MIA. which in turn was united with Pc
land. At the division of Poland none
troubled about chronological boundaries
To-day they belong to Austria, and
though in two-thirds of Galcia Ruthe
mans form the bulk OF the population
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
The Koran and Polygamy

ID. Mo decide 81 controversy. will
You please favor me with an answer to
the following questions: % Does the
Koran command or commend poly
gamy7 90 Do the Mahometans, as a
rule, practise it? 90 Did Mahomet
have thirtytwo wives?
az The only passage in the Koran
that refers to this subject is the third
verse OF the fourth Sutra. L. reads:
And il ye are apprehsnsive that We
shall not deal fairly with orphans. then
OF other women who seem good in your
eyes marry but two. or three. or four;
and if ye still fear that ye shull not
act equitably. then one only; Or the
slaves whom. ye have acquired: this
will make justice on Your part easier"
Since at the time of Mahonat the
Arabians were allowed 70 marry as
many wires as they pleased, this pas
sage, instead Of being an encourage
mem Of polygamy, must be interpreted
rather a: a diplomatic Recommendation
OF nonogamy on account of the diff :
Guilty Of realizing the conditions in
volved with the privilege.
90 None but rich vcluptuares marry
more than one wife. and their conduct
IS blamed by all sober men. Men OF
sense. indeed. think the privilege
rather troublesome than Convenient
90 According to Arabian historians,
ne had only nine wives, who, however,
cannot be regarded as wive. n. all
Thus Mahomet, after he became an old
man. married, or rather adopted. Aye
sna. the seven-year-old child OF his
faithful friend. Abu Bakr. Again he
married or admitted TO his household
y .colding old widow, whom Omar and
Aru Pal;r refused TO receive. Among
"shoMetars marriage has a different
meaning than that when i. has
among Americans = cftca means
merely a tie of guardianship or PRO
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
Women and Children
Provided For First

Even during my short stay l have
. dozens and scores of women
tSmorlnss for work. No men are given
.cip' except as workers, and no work
,' 'S are used in the many-sided Ameri-
v re rehef enterprise here except rcfu-
.3 3 nor are clothes now given to
t ,uults: But for the orphan children
iHnerc IS direct relief provided, the sum
"ss,ng been hitherto sin rubles a
. .;o' bat now. owing to the deprecia-
s; IN OF the ruble and the increase Of
smS from America. this has been in
couaed to zen ruales Il month. OF
curse, ,"a that sum helps keep the mother
,t 'n other children. since only one
e''"o IN family receives this sum. !
present when the first distribution
MS Increased allowance was made.
rn NC many were the blessings rained
ea pon the lead of the Americans. OF
snu with the present high prices
larV rubies worth only six TO the dol
No. , 'cn iublcs u month does not buy
nary grand pianos.
M ornhanage has been bought by
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
Looms Clothe
$1,000 Persons

Because The Armenians ars skilled
artisans. they have been set to making
hand looms, and upon the machines
mus built trained weavers are set to
making cloth out OF the yarn spun by
the women. This cloth is used for IN
dercothng, in The case of the cotton
goods. and for outer garments made
Of wool. A fine quality Of homespun
produced, which could be sold in the
Russian markets at d profit Instead.
all the clothing thus produced is used
or the refugees. Last winter fifteen
thousand persons were clothed. and
this year an additional ten thousand
orphans viii be clad in the most com
Portable garments they have ever
known. OF course. all the tailoring is
uone by Arm enian refugees.
This is the sight that old Ararat now
looks down upon: A lite company OF
American board missionaries. a. pres
ehl lent TO the relief committee, Great
'hs anew. amid unusual conditions. an
on're industrial organization that will
PROVIDE without pauperizing, Tor the
seeds of homeless and utterly desti-
,,lte people. Rev. F.. A. Yarrow. Of
van, the local chairman, began this
pAaSe Of Americas ministry. and George
T. Cracey. whose industrial work at
RIA was destroyed by the Turks. has
contributed his expert knowledge IN
building up this organization. although
'essrS, MacCallum, Reynolds and May
Lard have taken to it as il it were
reaching. All the ella borate organl-
ss'on OF cards and records and inves-
Ngation which social science at home
'eNaAd; has been kept in operation,
nav oAly The deserving mi9h. DC
helpcd This is the Orient.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
Directing the ChiId's Play
BY Mrs. Lenore r. Ranus

HVERY ONE knows that normal
child has an active mind, but
many parents do nothing to
strengthen or train this vital part Of
their child's life, leaving all mental
development to the teachers in the
schools. Those parents are indeed fort
innate who have kindergartens in their
town or city, for the kindergarten gives
systematic mental training to children
as early as the fourth year.
The easiest way to teach child to
think is through play. The mother can
begin to sing Mother Goose rhymes to
the mere infant-in-arms. AS the child
grows he recognizes the words and
often the tunes. Later. he will ask for
his favoritc songs or rhymes, and then
begin to sing and rccite, himself. Up
to this point the mother has accom-
plished three things: Strengthened the
memory, cultivated an ear for music
and the ability to carry simple tune,
and enlarged the child's vocabulary.
Be sure to use only the best gram
mar when talking with child. Baby
talk is funny for the grown-ups for q
while, but the difficulty the child faces
in overcoming this is tremendous.
As the child grows older story hour
should become part of each day. This
is really lesson in language. The
mother should begin with the finger
plays when the child is eight or nine
months old, such as "Ths is the church
and this is the steeple." "Pat-a-cakc"
and the counting lesson, "The thumb is
one; the pointer. two; the middle fin
ger, three; ring finger, four; little fin
ger, five, and that is all you see
What the child initiates he begins te
pose of the finger plays.
Normal Children
AS the child grows, other stories can
be added to the story hour. A nor
NAL child, from about two years Of age
on. loves the stories of 1.-The Three
Bears" "The Three Pigs" Little Hall
Chick" Little Red Hen" and other
similar simple tales, list of which vii
he found at the conclusion Of this ar
,icle.
IN telllng stories 70 children, eSpe-
cially to very young children, avoid The
element of fear.
Children love best the stories the,
have heard before. A good rule is t.
let the child choose his own STORY
Mother can introduce a new story wher
she deems best. Another COOS pan i
to have the child tell mother a stor,
sometimes, as this will aid self-ex
preston and be a lesson in language.
To teach counting. make use of tn
play spirit again. in bouncing bal
. repeat the odtime jingle, One, two
buckle my shoe" You will be sur
prised at how quickly the little one
will begin to count. Again, in buildin
blocks. make a game of counting b
saying. GIVE mother one block" the
Give mother one, two, three blocks.
etc. 1t is unwise to teach child un
der three years numbers higher tina
ten. They are we'll started if they az
able to count as high as>this correctly
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13

the committee and is being enlarged
by refugee workmen. DR.. G.. c. Ray
nolds, the veteran missionary from
Van, whose wife died on the retreat
ard who has come out here to end his
days in congenial activity. is in charge
of the orphan relief and the orphan
age. He conducted q large orphanage
IN Van. His purpose. he says. is not
by any means to gather all orphans
into institutions, but to train a hun
cred picked boys, and later the same
number of girls, who may become
leaders Of the Armenian people There
are hundreds OF orphanages being we'll
maintained by the Armcnians them
selves, through their joint Armenian
committee, which handles also the
funds from the Russian government
Something like seven million rubles
every six months is spent by this COM
mitteo
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13

Of big steamer are made out. She
has changed course once or twice, but
apparently the U-boat lies fairly in
her track. AS the steamer climbs over
the horizon the submarines men 60
below. matches are closed, and with
roarings and blowings she submerges
until only the top Of her coming tower
shows above water.
A few minutes later even this dis
appears. and her commander watches
his intended victim through the peri
scope. He estimates her speed and
course, and figures that she will be at
certain point in so many-~minutes
When she is there she will be in range
lhen the periscopc is Withdrawn and
TIE submarine moves ahead unde,
water with nothing to show her pres
ence except slight wave over her
which cannot be distinguished from a
distance.
Just before the appointed time the
perscopc appears for Il few second.
and through its lenses the great Shir
Is seen, still heading as she was ant
almost at the calculated point. Dowr
comes the perscope and a few second.
later the order 20 fire is given. The
pirates torpedo speeds on its way ant
all hands listen eXpcctantly for the dull
thud. or watch for the ficser of tho
depth gauge needles that will announce
the explosion. Thirty, forty. fifty sec
onds go by, a minute and more passes
ard there is no sign. The torpedo
missed; it may have been seen; the
liner Is undoubtedly armed, and t;
emerge Will invite her fire and the rsl
or destruction. True, it will give :
chance for another shot. but there are
plenty more big ships, not too many
torpedocs. and, anyhow, safety first
The submarine sheers off; the steamer
speeds on her way; it is another wastet
torpedo and another narrow escape
To leaves the now dangerous spot
for the liners wireless has already re
ported The attack end a destroyer OF
Two Will soon be nosing around thu
eighbolhood. and destroycrs are I'M
comfortable neighbors for the U-boat.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
Relief a I riumph
For Americans

While the Russian government relief
has been great, even ii irregular. and
while the Ar,nenians themselves have
done we'll there arc two hundred or
phanages, with about SIX thousand III
mates in the Caucasus. and upward of
three hundred schools for refugee chill
drcn), the outstanding factor in Ar
menian relief has been the American
committee. Its work has been on
large scale, and in systematic form. Al.
Of il has been supervised by Americans,
and the subordinate workers have been
men and women trained in American
mission schools, and known personally
TO the missionaries. Professors have
not hesitated to become relief agents
III villages or accountants or actual
workers in the industrial department.
Had it not been for the fact that there
was available a force of American
Board missionaries, knowing the Ian
guage and the land and the people, and
with trusted helpers at hand, the won
GERS that have been wrought il the way
of repatriation, rehabilitation and the
maintenance Of life and self-respect
would have been iInpossihlc
Could l write the hundreds of trb-
utes to America that have been given
to me by high and low for transmits
sion, | would need columns of space,
and the stories would all be attuned to
the note OF Americas uniqueness as TIE
brother nation, the friend OF the needy
everywhere. Il is not an Extravaganza
to declare that since the AK rested on
Arayat. there has been 40 nation in
this oft-conQuercd region whose doml
rance over the hearts of the people has
been as great as tha; OF America is
to-day. Armenian relief has been
practical Christianity and real patriot
ism
5Copvrirht. 1917. by The Ellis Service.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
All Work Done
By Refugees

All the work upon the new orphanage
IS being done by refugees, from the
building OF the walls to the construc-
ton of the beds and the tables and
garments.
Other relief work for the children is
the furnishing of milk for the babies.
the maintenance of d physician and
the opening of a hospital. Dr. Ken
nedy is working with the Americans,
ne being Canadian and representing
the London Lord Mayors COMMITTEES.
British Quaker. Mr.. Heald, is rep
resenting the American committee at
AleNandrianople, where there is :. centre
of relief work. In three hundred viii
lagos hereabouts the Americans admin
lister and supervise relief for the WON
en- and children. In the Erivan district
says Mr.. Gracey, there are approx
mately fifty thousand persons now be-
ing aided, directly or indirectly, by the
American committee.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13

enemy.
The landsman wonders how it could
happen. Was the lookout careless
Why didn't he see the perscope and
give the alarm? The landsman usu-
ally does not know that the U-boat can
lie in ambush and fire her deadly shot
unobserved. Yet such is the case.
One evening a few weeks ago we
were sitting in smoke-fil He'd room at
an informal little scnd-off to one of our
circle, young naval lieutenant
Scheduled to leave in day or two
from ian Atlantic port" in charge OF
The armed guard on q fast liner. he was
]ubllant over the prospect Of active SER
vice at last, though we all chaffed him
about has chances and prophesicd a
perfectly tame and unintcresting trip.
"Thcres action Of one sort on every
trip the ships Of this line have made, .
he said. "If it isn't one thing it is an
other. Anyhow, if we see a periscope
we Will be ready to do little shoot
ing"
All. go on. Jim said the oldest Of
the party. You cant prove that you've
llcAcd sub unless you can bring back
her scalp. and Fritz is shy when 6-in CHI
guns are around. You will have to tow
one in
AN right" seid jim. 1--WE always tr;
TO oblge. Don't want to bet on it, d.
you?"
And so, under good natured chaff, We
concealed our anxiety for him, for he
was right-his new ships sisters hac
been having plenty of trouble with tn
German pirates.
We saw him again day or two ago
We asked him if he brought any
scalps with him, and all we got in reply
was q grunt
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13
Every One ellis
A Sad Story

The shadow of NJ ount Ararat is not
SO ever-prcsent as the shadow of the
great tragedy of the Armenian nation.
At first ! began to ask for stories, but
l soon quit that. Everybody has a
story. There is not one Of the five
thousand persons on the American pay
roll who has not felt the edge Of the
scimitar Of Islam. All the American
workers lost their homes and property.
Graccy. for instance had been for ten
years associated in Urfa with the Ger
man missionaries. One OF those mis-
sonaries proved to lie German cap
tain of artillery, and he It was who
mission, destroying the property where
he had countless times been enter
tanned as a guest.
There is the head OF the American
weaving establishment at Etchmiadzcn
whose wife cast herself down q preci-
pice. to escape dishonor at the hands
OF the Turks. Thousands Of women
likewise sought refuge in DEATH Fo.
many this welcome escape was impos-
sihle, and I have heard the stories OF
women who fell into the hands Of the
Turks and the kurds. In my posses
sion at the moment is the written
story, transcribed into English by ;
mission teacher. of several girls who
escaped to the mountains, or were de
livered By the Russians. after severa
months in captivity. OF course il i.
unprintabe One of the hcnds nance
as personally guilty was a member o.
the Turkish Cabinet, and we'll known
to F,uropcans.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-01-13

She had seen her husband and two
grown sons killed. Another son and
three daughters, who had fed with her
had been among the seventy thousand
from the Van region who died of wounds
and disease and starvation. Then hen
stoicism broke down. as she flung out
her arms, and weeping. cried FOR the
one daughter who had been carried off
to a Moslem harem or slavery. This
horror was with her day and night, as
the crown of her grief. She could no;
grasp at first that food and clothing
had come to her. and in her bewildcr-
ment, as she clutchcd her rag of a
garment together over her breast. she
said that her mind no longer acts right
because Of her thinking day and night
about her children.