davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-05-23
THISTLE IN SCOTCH HISTORY
various Traditions Concerning its
Adoption by the Highland Clans
40 Their Emblem.

"The thistle Of Scotland Is said to
be the Oldest national flower, and ira
dltion traces its adoption to the reign
Of Alexander III and the battle Of
Larga" (when an attacking Dane
stepped upon thistle and involun-
tarily gave the alarm, whereupon the
Scots drove the invaders out).
"Another account Of its adoption Is
Of very different character" writes
Katherine NJ. Beals In Flower Lore and
Legend. "About the middle Of the
fifteenth century a company Of stern
faced men met In the council cham
Der Of Edinburgh, and the occasion of
that meeting was to discuss the adj
visibility of substituting the thistle
for the figure Of st. Andrew on the
national banner. The proceedings Of
the council were secret, but soon after
the thistle appeared upon every Scot
fish banner. The national motto might
have been adopted with appropriate
ness on either Of these occasions:
Memo me impune lacessit.' The polite
reading Of this Is, NO man attacks
me without being punished but the
more simple translation Of earlier days
was, Touch me who daresr while the
original is supposed to have been, VIVA
dare NEEDLE WI me?' Another inscrip-
ton which sometimes accompanies the
Scottish emblem reads: 'Ce que Dleu
garde, est bien. garde;' That which
CO.. guards Is we'll guarded
'The thistle appeared officially for
the first time during the reign Of
James II, who had It placed on the
coinage Of the kingdom and adopted
1t as his own badge: It also appeared
upon the coins in the reigns Of James
~, Mary Stuart, James V and James
vi. The thistle merke was q silver
shilling. The thistle dollar was dou-
Bile merke. Each took its name from
the emblem on It,"
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-05-23
IDEAL SITE FOR REST CURE
City Of Santa Cruz do 10 Sierra, In b.
livla, Practically Place Of
Absolute Silence.

''The only tropical city Of Bolivia, 1t
stands some 1900 feet above sea level
so far from the outside world that mail
deposited on January Z reached. New
York on March IL. OF the 10000 in
habitants of Santa Cruz de la Sierra
1000 are female" Harry A. Franck
writes in the Century.
1T is a city of silence. Spreading
over a dead fiat, half sandy, jungled
plain, its right angled streets are deep
in reddish sand in which not only its
shod feet, by no means in the major
ity, though the upper class is almost
foppish in dress, but even the solid
wooden wheels of its clumsy OK carts
make not sound. There is no mod
ern industry to lend its strident voice,
though the town boasts three steam
establishments for the making of Ice,
the grinding Of maize and the saving
Of lumber, and every street fades away
at either end into the whispering jun
gle. Narrow sidewalks Of porous red
bricks, rooted by the wide ovcrhanging
caves Of the houses, often upheld by
pillars or POLES, line most Of the
streets. But these are ny no means
continuous, AMI being commonly high
above the street level and often taken
up entirely, especially Of an evening,
by the families, who consider this their
veranda rather than the pedestrians
right Of way, the latter generally finds
1t easier to plod through the sand of
the street ITSELF"
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-05-23
Safety In Industries,

Industrial accidents cost this coun-
try $4,000 human lives and many mill
lions Of dollars annually, according to
the Arizona State Safety News. I'm
addition, acknowledgements and other
serious injuries total about $4,000
yearly, while the annual number Of
minor accidents, causing loss Of time,
exceeds 100000. The putting forward
Of Safety is effected by well-known
methods: First, you must have an or
ganization that will handle the propo-
sition; second, you have to put your
plant and equipment into proper and
safe condition; third, you have to edu-
cate people as to the Importance of
their own responsibility to the safety
cause. To keep the ball rolling is the
problem which confronts all Safety or.
ganizations."
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-05-23
TRACING EVOLUTION Of BAR
In Old Rome II Had lie Origin IN Ne.
latlons Exlstino Between
Patron and Client. II

The Roman bar, writes s. p. Scott In
Case and Comment, deduced Its origin
from the intimate association Of pa
tron and client in the days of the re-
public. This relation, founded upon
mutual support and assistance, bore a
considerable resemblance to that Of
lord and vassal during the middle ages
without, however, including the op-
pressive restrictions imposed upon the
latter by the laws Of feudallsm. Among
the many duties required Of the patron
was that Of transacting the legal bust.
ness Of his clients and appearing for
them in court. This service was at
first entirely gratuitous, but subse-
Quently, when the ties Of hereditary
connection became less binding, and
consultation with patrons was aban.
doned by their clients for the advice
Of jurists possessed Of greater legal
erudition, a voluntary fee, called an
honorarium, was expected. The amount
Of this was established by custom, and,
in the course Of time, when excessive
gifts Of this kind were virtually de.
manded, all fees were regulated by
statute.
After law had developed into q SCI
ence the profession became recognized
as a distinct calling. and legal proce-
dure having been systematically organ
lied, representation Of parties in court
was successfully effected by three
classes Of persons-procurators, cogni-
tors and advocates.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-05-23


When Nick Nelson, Is years old,
selective from North Dakota, arrives
at Camp Dodge, he can display 70
other soldiers of the National Army
his first war wound. With other draft
ed men from North Dakota, he stop
ped in st. Paul to eat. Nelson, in
getting out of the train struck his
head against a hanging lamp. suffer-
ing cash in his head four inches
long. Police Surgeon DR.. G. Z. Lick
sewed the wound.
Nonpartisans Of Foster county will
not accept President A. C. Townley's
order to keep out Of county politics,
and at conference held here indorsed
a ticket Of candidates for all county
offices. Resolutions were adopted de-
claring that only by participating in
county politics can the league protect
itself against attack upon it's state
ticket.
Ransom county is suffering from
wedding famine. April and May US
ually are banner months. During
space OF forty-four days Judge E.
Thomas issued only two licenses and
he is becoming desperate.
The heavy loss suffered by farmers
in Southwestern North Dakota last
year by grasshoppers has caused the
farmers Of Hettinger county to take
steps to guard against repetition.
At meeting here it was decided to
poison the pests by setting out psis-
oned bran. s.,s
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-05-23
Aby.sln,a Of Today.

The dominant race In Abyssinia IL
Semitic. The Hamitic Is the aboriginal
race. The court or official language Is
Amharic, but Ethiopic is that Of the
church and literature. The national
religion Is Monophysite Christianity,
but Judaism is found among certain
tribes, and Islam is the faith Of con-
siderable element Of the population.
The head Of the Abyssinian church is
the Abuna, "our father" who is Cop
tic monk, nominated by the Patriarch
Of Alexandria. The government Is q
despotic monarchy based on system
partly federal and partly feudal. The
civilization Of Abyssinia has long been
retarded by isolation and anarchy, but
there IL now a national awakening to
the civilized world.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-05-23
First Appendicitis Operation.

There was time when appendi-
citis was quite fashionable disease.
In some parts Of Europe is was known
az the American disease" The first
operation for appendicitis was per-
formed at st. Luke's hospital, Denver,
Colo, in January, 1885. A young wom-
IN residing in Davenport, Ia. had the
distinction Of being the first person to
have the troublesome vermiform ap-
pendix removed: The operation, neces-
sarily, was In the nature Of an ex-
pertinent, and the patient was so in
formed, but she pluckily declared her
willingness to submit to the knife as a
last resort. It was not until about two
years later that another operation Of
this kind was performed. Since then
thousands Of such operations have
been performed in every hospital In
the world.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-05-23
"chape,." In Printing offices.

Benjamin Franklin, who was him
self a printer in early life, gives the
following explanation as to why
"chapels" are found in printing Offices.
He says: "A printing house Is always
a chapel by the workmen, the origin
Of which appears to have been that
printing was first carried on in Eng
land in an ancient chapel converted
into printing house, and the title has
been preserved by tradition" OF
course, the reference is to Caxtcn's
printing press, set up in one Of the
chapels Of Westminster abbey. The
father Of the chapel Is one Of the
printers, who usually presides Over
any meetings that may be held.
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-05-23
General Education.

Il takes a master mind to live en-
tirely on its own thoughts, notably II
one would not grow morbid, and a
good book will do wonders to remake
health by resting and awakening
thoughts.
The habit Of the day seems to be to
eliminate poetry from chosen lines Of
reading. This is an error. Those who
are to reasonable proportion familiar
with best verse will find that they have
4 smooth and easy grace In general ex-
preston that Is worth while.
No one can afford to live without
softening their thoughts and keeping
art before themselves in whatever form
Il may be available, and poetry 10 one
ol it, most available forms
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-05-23
BRIEF STATE NEWS

Republicans and democrats are CO.
operating in Cavalier county to de-
feat the league candidates for the leg
islature.
Loyal citizens of North Dakota were
amazed that Governor Frazier accept
ed joint speaking dates with Randall
convicted at Red Wing of disloyalty,
and Horst, indicted under the espion-
age act. They now conclude there is
no limit to their governor.
Another quartet Of Lansford young
men enlisted in the navy last week.
Lansford has about as many men in
the service as any town in the coun-
ty.
Bowman has the distinction of hav-
ing the first Ladies' Home Guard
Company in the state. Twenty-eight
ladies attended the first drill.
Editor Fuller of the Rhame Review
and his wife were in serious auto ac-
cident. They escaped with slight in
juries but the other occupants of the
car were seriously injured.
North Dakotans are so busy boost
ing Ignite coal they are not worrying
over the possibility of being unable
to secure eastern fuel next winter.
The two boys, IL and 10 years, who
recently wrecked the North Coast Linn
tied, No. 1, one half mile east Of Cas-
selton were taken to the state reform
school at Mandan last week.
A Kramer hardware man is now
languishing in the county jail, having
to serve out a six months sentence
and paw substantial fine for disloyal
talk. There are still other men out of
jail-and they don't all live in Kramer,
either.
It is reported that "Red" Golden,
formerly Of Souris, has joined the
force Of field organizers for the Non
partisan league. The Souris Messen-
ger says Mr.. Golden will make an able
man for the league as he has had
considerable experience in lodging the
authorities.
Neal Hill, IA years old, was instant
ly killed last week when his clothing
caught in the fly wheel shaft Of
gas engine in the elevator operated by
his father in Wayne. N. D. The
youths body was whirled at terrible
rate and dragged into the machinery
in such manner that practically every
bone was broken.
In the April Goth draft call from
Dunn county, Editor c. j. Doherty
of the Dunn Center Journal was call
ed and left his paper for his mother
to run.
A lady living near Bottineau was
badly injured when a passing auto
struck the buggy in which she was re-
turning home and threw her violently
to the ground. The buggy was badly
damaged.
Perseverance and patriotism won for
Tom C. Madden, Bismarck lawyer.
He went to the second officers train
ing camp at Smelling and, failing to Sc
cure commission, enlisted as a
The Ward County independent. [volume] (Minot, Ward County, N.D.) 1902-1965, 1918-05-23
Federal Grand Jury in Session in

DIR. Archie D. MCDANIEL has return
ed from Fargo where he was called as
witness before the Federal Grand
Jury which is now in session. There
are more than a hundred cases to be
considered and many of them per-
tain to charges of seditious nature.
The David Cady disloyalty case from
Minot is being considered by this
jury.
Evening journal., 1918-03-18

departments. being considered the
chief factors in operating revenues.
were thought or greater value than the
other branches. ~tenographers Of eN-
pericncc have deserted railroad Offices
In large numbers 90 enter the govern
meni service since the United states
entered thc war. although the salary
scale OF the government Is not high
Because OF tho very low wages OF
stallion agents and clerks In the small
cities and towns, and workers In the
local freight offices of lhe large cities.
the railroads have been unable 10 OBJ
tain efficient workers. The best in
stance Of this fact. according TO rail
road men themselves. Is lhe enormous
number Of reparation claims fled by
shippers because Of overcharges or
shipments due 60 inaccurate quotation
of ratcs from printed tariffs
Travelling auditors Of the big sys
TENS have found 10 almost impossible
10 train station agents Go keep their
Offices in accordance with the require
ments Of ihc Interstate Commerce Com
mission. especially with respect 10 thc
nling and posting Of tariffs.
Evening journal., 1918-03-18
WANTS BOYS TO Raise
CORN, CALVES, PICS
Delaware College Extension
Department Announces
Plans and Prizes
ENROLMENT WILL
BEGIN EARLY
Special to THE EVENING JOURNAL.

Special 10 THE EVENING JOURNAL
NEWARK. Del, March is. Much
progress is being made by the Extension
Department OF Delaware College in
boys and girls club work. The de
nariment is cooperating and managing
contests along five different lines In This
work ~ follows: Corn clubs. calf
clubs. Hardening clubs, pic clubs and
uuulrd clubs The following statement
has been issued relative io The clubs.
The Corn Club project consists OF
making study ~ corn culture and IN
growing am acre of corn
The Calf club project consists Of
making study Of feeding and caring
for calves and In raising a ear.
The Gardening Club project consists
OF making % study of growing and mar
heting garden produce and 10 growing a
home or school garden.
The Pig Clubs are divided into the
feeding and the breeding project The
feeding project involves the care and
feeding OF one or more pigs from the
weanine period until the hogs are ready
FOR market. The breeding project in
cudes the feeding and care Of one or
more pure bred gills or bosrs from
weaving time until they are ready for
breeding purposes.
IN carrying ont an Of these projects,
explanations viii Doe made by local lead
ors in club meetings; literature regard
| ing the various projects Will be dlslrib-
utcd among club members as needed and
field demonstrations Will be conducted
/ 10y county agents and men from tho eX-
/ tension and subject matter departments
4 II Delaware College.
/ The enrolment Of new members and
the requirements follow.
one Corn Club. until May Boys
and Girls Of Delaware
Two. Calf Club. tirne TO be announced
J. 'atcr-boys and girls between ten and
eighteen
Three Gardening Club. until May E.
Each member must enroll in one or
more projects.
Four. Pig Club. until June i5-Mem-
berg must follow instructions.
Five Poultry Club. until May T.
Members must keep records and write
story on "How ! Conducted Ny Pro
iect."
F Several banks have indicated that they
will finance the Pig Club and Calf Club
members when necessary, by taking the
boys notes ana requiring payment upon
completion Of the project
Awards for club work have been o.
fcred as follows:
one. State Board Of Agriculture viii
give pure bred pig 10 the champion
corn grower Of each county.
Two Delaware College will give I
purc-bred pig to the champion pig
raiser Of each county
Three. The Diamond State Poultry As
sociaiion will give $50 IN prizes q
champion poultry raisers.
-Four. Local prizes win be offere
later for gardening work.
The statement is signed by Theodor
.T. Martin, stale club leader and Mis-
Agness Medii, assistant state clul
leader.
Evening journal., 1918-03-18

collapse of the Russian Black sea fleet,
Trebizond and the coast towns near it
wore abandoned recently 10 a Turkish
army advancing along The coast; but
the central army composed OF six on
seven divisions of Turkish regulars. is
meeting stubborn resistance between
Erzingan and Ezerum. and the Turkish
troops operating ON both sides OF the
Persian frontier Go the cast have not
vet captured Van
The nghting power OF the Armenian
militia has already received plentiful
proof. notably 40 Van in April and MAY.
1915. Al thai time the Armenians in
the'city were attacked without warning
by 1900 Turkish regulars under
Dievct Parha The Armeniaus avail
able for nehOng numbered no more
than 300. with inadequate arms; bul
in three week, of nghiing they not only
stood of The Turks, hut manufactured
lighi artillery and eventually drove the
Turkish forces completely out or the
city. These troops and others Ike them
are now covering the relrcai Of the nom
combaianf population and will Join ihc
forces on The other side Of the Russ an
border when this object has been
achieved
Evening journal., 1918-03-18
GOVERNMENT LOOKS
FOR ANOTHER SITE
specIal 10 THE EVENING JouRNAL.

Special to THE EVENING JOURNAL.
ELKTON, Md. March is.-The Penn
sylvania Railroad Company has appoint
ed Allen d. Henry special police officer.
with headquarters at the Elkton pas
senger station
While cutting wood on his farm near
Warwick, John II. Carpenter. Jr. al
most several the little toe from his left
foot.
The Eikton Red Cross realized si33
from the illustrated lecture Of the Rev.
Dewitt NJ Benham, Ph. d.. OF Bdtl-
more.
Army officers have been inspecting
several sites around North East, with
the view or locating another munitions
plant
Pc s0nal-Mrs. John r.. Martin. wife
of Paymasier Martin, United state
Navy, has been visiting her mother
Mrs. Kate a. Parker George ". Cos
den. OF North East. was an Elklon Visi
tor last week Miss Elsie Arbucklo oI
/ Wilmington. Is visiting Miss Ethel Carr
OF Elk Mills MIR. and Mrs W Arthur
Murphy of Baltimore. were the guest
of Elkton kin This week Mrs. Kalpl
Gray Davis is spending some time will
Philadelphia relatives.
Evening journal., 1918-03-18

Governor Townsend Of an amendment -
The conscriplion act whlch win sfrset
Che seniors IN the agricultural dspsrt-
nent Of Delaware Conegs. The smend-
ment follows:
Under such regulations - fhs Qusr-
tormaster-senerai may prescribe. stu
dCnts pursuing q course Of agricuIture-
in The senior year, In land grant agri-
cultural colleges. who class Standing
places them in the upper third Of tho
senior class a- determined by the school
authorities may enlist in the Enlisted
Reserve Corps Of the duartermaster's
dclefmeni. and thereafter. upon pre-
entollon by me fegistrant 20 his local
board Of certificate OF such enlist
meni such certificate shall be nlei with
lhe QUESTIONABLE and the rcg'stranf
shall be placed in Closs 8 ON the eround
That he is in ths military service OF
lho United States
Evening journal., 1918-03-18
/ CHER WAGES FOR
R..R. OFFICE FORCES
Federal Commission to ASK
General Increase ior
2,SOO,0O0 Employees
AVERAGE 20 PER CENT.
IN ALL DEPARTMENTS

WASHINGTON. March IS. - Railroad
men are 20 get O raise.
Without organization, the Office work
ers OF the transportation systems are TO
benefit from the application for increas-
ed wages made by the organized opera
lives composing the great brolncrhoods
This is the decision of the Railroad
Wage Commission appointed by ihe Di-
rector General. Nir Ne NdoO. 10 is COM
posed ,of Secretary Lane, Judge Charles
O.. McChord of ihc Interstate Com
merce Commission: William r. Wilcox,
eX-chairman of the Republican National
Committee. and Harry C0vinglon, Chief
Justice of The supreme Court of lhe Dis
trict Of Columbia.
The commission has not completed
IFS report TO Mr.. McAdoo. bui 20 has
reached The conclusion that the office
worker shall not be- overlooked when
salary advances declared bs the broth
erhoods Co be essential Go meet living
expenses. are granted. Nor viii me in
crease 10 yard and operating employees
be confined 90 members OF brother
hoods. All are to be treated alike.
n was said unOfilcially that the wage
increase for an workers viii range from
A. 90 % per cent, with the average
about 20 per cent. The demands made
by the brotherh0Ods at Cleveland last
November and rejected by the heads of
the railroads before the government
took over the carriers. averaged about
J. 33 per cent. but the broiherhoods chiefs
do not expect such increases from the
4 government.
The brotherhoods. composed Of en-
/ gineers, fromcn, conductors. flagmen
and hrakcmen. represent about 100.
000 Of the railroad workers OF which
there are. including an Office employees
about 2S00OOO
The proposed salary increases will
add. many millions Of dollars TO the
f operating cost Of the railroads under
i government control but substantial
part Of this it is believed, can be
Offset by economies In many other di-
/ reotions. Not the least Of these is tho
elimination Of numerous passenger and
freight soliciting offices McAdoos spe-
oiai commission TO consider this ques-
ton completed rs work ON saturday,
and it recommended that except in q
few cities an ticket and freight offices
shall be consolidated. In Philadelphia
alone IL is estimated that $4,000 a year
will be saved.
In considering wage increases. the
! commission looked 90 salary schedules
OF an OF the 2.s0OOO0 workers
n has been patent for many years
that the wages Of Office workers have
been notoriously low, although in ma
iority Of Instances the work has de-
msnded men Of high school education
OF better.
In the general freight ofices Of tn
J big systems, where the tariffs are writ
ten, college graduates have had 10 star
at ridiculously small salaries. In ON
Of the biggest system in the Middle
West and South men In the rsie-makinl
departments get only $50 and SO
month after several years experience
and the chief clerks and heads Of di
visions. after many years service, re
ceive $50 10 500 a month
In the passenger and claim depart
ments the scale has been even lower
due TO the fact that the freight traffic