davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20
Gave
Baku Its
Name

The National Geographic Mao.
zine" are presented some interss.
Il ing facts about Baku, the great nj
city Of the Russian Empire, now a.
cupied by the British.
"Four-fifths of all the oil producaa :.
Russia comes from the 2,700 wells ~ -
two vast oil fields of the Baku region :
1915 (the latest available statistics ow;,.
20 the chaotic conditions which have ~
tained for two years throughout the e..
dominions) the Baku output was NOR. ~.
seven million tons of oil. The light.
grades formerly were transported bv mir,
line to Batum, on the Black Sea.
"Baku is built in the form of an anns
oheatre on the south side Of the Apshs,o,
peninsula, which juts far cut into the c..
plan Sea. 1t is said to derive It's r.
from the violent squals (badkube, WHIT,
frequently strike this section of the ,v.s.
Caspian coast.
although there was a settlement a. -;
point as early as the sixth century pa,..
which is now town of nearly 25o oon
inhabitants, did not become a Russian NJ.
session until little more than br,d.ss
HcafS hEo. ne upper part OF the cit,
corresponding to the back rows of an smnb;
theatre, is the picturesque Tartar ouar-e,
with numerous narrow lanes and Orient.
bazaars. The most striking architsctn,.
feature OF the place is the massive x.
hale. or oIaiden's Tower, a monument o.
the Byzantine period, which rises 70 :
height of nearly $50 feet
Centuries before the wealth of the Bakr
oil fields was realized, Persian fire worsb;n
pefs discovered natural gas issuing from ths
assures of rock in this vicinity. and few
miles from the modern city there NAV still
be seen the ruins of an ancient temnls
where these burning jets from the love-
regions were the objects OF alteration.
aside from its importance as the Tam.
pico Of Europe. Bsku had several THRIVING
industrial establishments at the outbreak
Of the war, such as tobacco factories. fou~
mills and suiphuric acid works It's trad.
with Persia and the Transcaucasus territory
Is active in peace times, the principal ar
ticles OF commerce being raw silks, cotton
fruits, wines and rice
I'm addition to its advantages AS = aes
port, Baku has in recent years enjoyed
railway connections both with Batum. $50
miles to the west by way OF Tifis. and with
Rostov- Don. 81e miles 10 +he north.
west"
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20

mese Marathi and the ribeto-Burman dia-
lectS spoken or the confines Of india and
Hurm" by tribes who dwell many days
march from civilization and have hardly
ever seen n white man save the political
officers VINO rule them according to their
customs purged Of ther grosser clements
The oaieerins Of these Companies is in
Itself remarkable achievement. British
'l7cers are the exception The backbone of
'NelF staff being notabes of the tribes and
rae'' enlisted. with q stixeninc of Indian
omeers from regiments of the Indian AVN,
Under these officers ereditable degree Of
discipline has been rapidly attained and
serious crime IS almost unknown. The nat.
''"' d0cllity Of the indian. Indeed leads
occasionally to comedy When the duty Of
EAiu''ns o'heefs, especially generals. is inn
p'ssse' ON 0'm he is further impressed h.,
''' N'1A''~ furoed-up hst and salo4o. r. -,
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20

t<TF Hou we're government girl
employe in Washington would
YOU care to pay $50 month
g.. for the privilege Of sharing one
poorly furnished bedroom with three
strange girls? Or would YOU care to
sleep in the same room with an ola
woman and her husband? Those were
two of the alternatives offered me in :,
recent three days search for lodging
III Washington" writes Ruth Gilbert
Cochran in The New York Tines.
and, she continues conditions are
daily growing worse"
inasmuch as every train into Wash
ineton is bringing scores of oirls--11.
coo were expected on October Ito do
government work. it is not difficult 10
believe that conditions really are grow
ing worse daily. AS result the obvi.
Gus has happened. Every train out Of
Washington is carrying away scores of
St% Ap " ho clIutf COulu NOT IND d place
TO live or couldn't afford the undesirable
place they did find. 1t is reported that
as many as five hundred have left in ,
day.
This rather alarming exodus started
action, and now Washington's workers
are assured at last Of some degree of re-
lief. In December of this year, accord
ing to plans of the United States Hous
ing Commission, two groups of residence
buildings being erected on the area be-
tween the Capitol and the station. com.
monly known as the Station Plaza arc
to be ready for occupancy. and plans for
another group at Twenty third and
streets have already been drawn M. In.
cidentally Washington is given to nm
derstand that its civic beauty will rr.
main unmarried.
The Depa rtmcLt OF Labor has ;ss,ed
the following information concerning
the housing project
fhc pIaza deyeloplNen. IL diu,oed into
t~H groups. 1h- Stat ,on Plaax and the Can.~
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20
lEUTENANT COLONEL. Fl. 4.
ROSE, Of the Indian Axmv Re-

monthly Journal Of enc Overseas
Cub And P.ssrsotfe League OF India:
'tsbore.s of every caste have been s.-
csssesd wishops sanscvpsion fyona tAe mains
on Hsnd"sf@n. the jHnglcs Of Bengal and the
hiils OF Assxus. Burma has sent contirg.nt.
snd 80 nave ekc sbersinet Of the great
rsasexu which dcmipxas. Centsal Indis.
when il " remembered ttss many of these
volunteers had never seen railway. much
iess snip es All xaroplAus, il 10 astonishing
shas 10 many thousands should have enlist
ed 70 face sll tae peYls Of thc unknown. and
nave hfnrehed, entraine6 and embarked in
great ships with practically no desertions
'fS ~ na scirljrs a. he, ven, ,nd ..t
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20
J 'e Outranks the Prince ct
Wales

>HE information and Eaucasfsc S.r-
vice Of the Department Of I.rs,
porfs the following:
When the war began. IL 1917 MAN
med Codfvey Jones. coal miner in
afes- enlisted as a private. He SOON Hx-
'ns ron n-coni nj issioned otfces. sna g. IiseIe
sr earned commission. Al Ssloniea he
'p"ed such conspicuous courage thns he
- awarded tho distinguished oruer ser.
:. ths other day Colonel Jcrss, ssili sery.
With his countrymen and in command Of
4sn soidiers, vas promoted TO the sanS
orlssdsr general The coal miner now
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20
a Around the World and Back Again
A y ia
That Hasn't
FiZZled

>O-OPERATINE ownership has
been put to the test on fairly
large scale in Stables, Louisiana,
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20
Why France Needs Our
Beef

CTNCE the outbreak Of this way Ersnes
~ has suffered loss Of 2,6oO, 900 head o.
cattle. Moreover the cattle have greatly los'
in weight. Before the war the average weisf'
in meat Of slaughtered cattle was from wv
to $50 pounds, whereas to-day it hardly e.
eseds $50 or $40 pounds. That is Wy
France needs American beef, .for it has ro'
enough to feed its own soldiers sh'
civilians, So ssw nothing 30 cur nss
TAi~r Press.
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20
Electric Vehicles In
Norway

EECTRIC vehicle are now Receiving
IL considerable atsaA' 'n 4nd encourage
ment in Norway 1or every form Of rechani'
cal propulsion. heretofore gasoene cars
have been practically the only machines II
nse in the country For several months pas
no g7solene has been received, and E
there are but few electric cars in Norwss
automobiles have practically dssppesre''
-EleetYTcoJ Expersnpestev
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
RAIL EARNINGS GROW
Increase Is Due to Higher Pas
senger and Freight Rates.
Government Expenditures for Eight
Months Are $2oo,ooo,ooo More
Than Receipts.

Washington, Oct. %. - Reports of
railway earnings to the interstate
commerce commission show increased
returns from higher passenger and
freight rates for the first time.
Compilations by the commission for
August show an operating income of
1928, 1913 600 for that month, or s24,-
100000 more than in August, 1917.
Operating revenues jumped to $780,
709 600, which was $136, OO0,0 900 more
than in August last year. AT the same
time, however, expenses Increased to
1858, 987 900 or $112, 00O, 900 more than
In August, 1917.
The report indicated also that the
government has paid railroads In com
pensation in the eight months ending
with August nearly 5000, 600. 900 more
than it has received as net operating
income.
The influence of rate increases is
shown by the item of freight revenues
in August, amounting to $349, SIG 600
as compared with $3.50, 2S1, 900 in Au.
gust, 1917. Passenger revenues
amounted to $113, 900 as compared
with $S1. 923, 900 in August, 1917.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
Reported That Next German Note
Will Make SEVERAL
Concessions.
MANY STORIES AFLOAT
So Many Conflicting Reports Are Com.
ing From Holland and Switzer-
land That officials Doubt
. Them All.

Washington, Oct. 22.-Conflicting re-
ports about a German reply to Presi-
dent Wilson are coming from Holland
and Switzerland and officials here are
disposed now TO believe nothing on the
subject until the text of a note is
received either through official chan
nels or from an unquestioned unofficial
source.
Reports on Note Conflict.
German government organs an
nounced Wednesday that the reply had
been dispatched, and since then the
newspapers of the border neutrals
have heard almost hourly that the
note was On its way or about to be
sent or would not be sent for several
days. They have given varying ac-
counts of its contents.
A circumstantiai story of how the
reply was held up at the lost moment
for further consideration after a
stormy meeting of the members of the
Berlin government with the military
leaders and sovereigns of the German
states appeared to observers here to
have the color of truth and it is re-
garded as entirely possible that the
same thing happened again later in
the week.
More Exchanges Sought.
Every version of the probable nature
of the reply under consideration. If
not adopted, indicates that the Ger.
mans are prepared to come forward
with what they, at least, will expect
the world to believe is a, long step to,
ward meeting conditions which Pres.
ident Wilson has said must be met be,
fore there can be thought of an arm,
istice. or discussion of peace. What.
ever may be the substance of the note
1t is believed here it's form will be
designed to make it difficult for Presi
dent Wilson to avoid further ex
changes.
According tt one of the reports, the
Germans will agree to exacuate Bel
GUM and to abandon Professionally un
restricted submarine warfare, but II
will dispute the right of foreign pow
ers to NEEDLE with German interna.
affairs. Another says the offer viii
include immediate suspension of SUB
marine warfare, political guarantees
and an armistice which the Amer
lean and German high commands will
arrange on the battlefield"
Adispatch from Madrid saying thu
Spanish government had been inform
ed that all German submarines hat
been ordered to their bases appeared
to support suggestions that abandon
ment of the U-boat campaign has beer
determined upon.
Government officials and diplomats
heard all of these reports with in
terest, but pointed out the futility o
attempting to discuss them.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
Berlin Says Orders Were Given
Submarine Commanders to
Spare Passenger Ships.
ATROCITIES DEFENDED
conditional Surrender by Kaiser
Would Do More Talking
ENTERS Protest.

London, Oct. 22.-The German reply
% President Wilson's note, the text Of
which has been received here by wire-
less. says Germany hopes the United
States will approve of no demand
which would be irreconcilable with
the honor of the German people and
with the opening of the way to a peace
of justice"
Germany protests against the refer
ences in President Wilson's note to
illegal and inhumane acts. Denial is
made that the German navy purposely
destroyed lifeboats with passengers.
The German government proposes
that the facts be cleared up by neu-
trail commissions"
Would Spare Passenger Ships.
y Germany has dispatched orders to
submarine commanders precluding the
torpedoing of passenger ships, today's
advices from Berlin insist.
Stall, Want to Talk.
The German government suggests
to President Wilson that IAN opportu-
nifty be brought about for fixing the
details of the evacuation of occupied
territories"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22

Washington, Oct. 90. - When the
three weeks campaign closed oversub-
scription of the Fourth Liberty Loan
appeared assured.
While official reports were lacking,
1t appeared that again the American
people had given to their government
not only what was asked, but
than was asked in order that the war
against Germany and her allies might
be carried to a successful conclusion.
How far the total will run above the
81 5000, 000, 900 goat officials would not
attempt to estimate. It all depends,
they said, on whether big financial In
terests at the. last moment file the big
lump sum subscriptions expected OF
them and whether the number of
smaller subscriptions by individuals is
found to meet expectations.
Billion and Half In Day.
New subscriptions entered on the
last day and those made effective by
payment of the 10 per cent install
ment probably will amount to a billion
and a half dollars for the entire ma
ton, IL was said.
For the next five days banks in ev-
cry city and town in the United States
will be busy adding up subscriptions.
Reports and payments then must be
made to federal reserve banks which
are expected to take at least FIVE days
more to report to the treasury.
100000 Subscribers.
Indications are that the number OF
individual subscribers will far exceed
10000, 900 and break all records for
distribution of val bonds for this ma
ton or any other.
The honor roll of bond buyers will
include many who have not partici.
pated in the first, second or third Lib
erty Loans, officials said.
1t will bear the names OF subjects of
other governments neutral and bellig.
erent, throughout the world. Ger.
mans. informed in camps in this coun-
try, and other whose sympathy is not
with their native land, will be enrolled
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
CzECHs ARE PLEASED
Consider Wilson's Answer to
Austria a Master Stroke.
Note VIII Encourage People In Dual
Monarchy to Wage Fight
for Freedom.

Washington, Oct. 22.-The Czecho-
Slovak national council considers
President Wilson's reply I Austria as
a master stroke toward disruption of
the dual monarchy.
Great elation was expressed at the
open and uncompromising stand of the
President for the complete indepen-
dence of the nationalities oppressed
by the Hapsburgs. when members of
the council were informed of Ameri-
cas- reply.
The council believes the move will
be felt In every corner of the dual
monarchy and that direct encourage
ment will be given forces struggling
throughout Austro-H Hungary and partic-
ularly in Bohemia and Moravia for i'm
mediate freedom from Vienna rule.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
Pleads Guilty to sedition.

Omaha, Oct. 22.-Walter Pasewalk,
secretary. of the Minneapolis branch OF
the L. w. W., pleaded guilty to q charge
OF . sedition, before Federal Judge
Woodrough and asked to be trans
ferred to another prison, giving as his
reason that he feared physical violence
1t the hands OF his brother members,
now i~ncarcerated In the Douglas oun
ty jail. Sentence was suspended and
Pasewalk's request granted. United
States Marshal Flynn being instructed
10 place him In the Dodge county jail.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
ALLIES At HOLLAND BORDER
Are North of Client Ready to Sur
round City.

London, Oct. 22.-Belgians, British
and French continue their sweeping
march from Journal to the Dutch from
tier. Official reports show that they
have reached points within 10 miles
of Client. The Belgians are along the
Deynze-Eecloo canal which runs north
ward from the Lys river. Farther
south they have crossed the river at
various points.
Along the Lys the British have
moved swiftly toward the Scheldt
river and are at Pecq on the west
bank of the latter river. In this sec
tor of the battleline the. Allies are
moving toward the southeast and 1t
seems they will be able to reach Client
with their main forces In a very short
time.
The Germans have flooded some Of
the country, but this has failed to in
~terfere with the progress of the armies
commanded by King Albert.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
HOLLAND CAN SECURE COAL
Only on Condition Food Shipments
to Germany Stop.

The Hague, Oct. 22.-Announce-
ment was made at the American le-
CATION here that the United States
government had offered to place at
the immediate disposal of the Dutch
government J 10000 tons of coal month
ly for the next IL months or until the
end of the war.
The coal Is to be shipped in vessels
sem from Holland. The only condition
to this offer is that Holland cease
sending food to Germany.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
chlnese Gold Issue oppesed.

Picking, Act. 70. - The British,
French and Russian ministers notified
the Chinese government that China's
assumption that the countries repre-
scented by the ministers had expressed
satisfaction with the proposed gold
currency issue RAJ altogether wrong.
The ministers strongly emphasized the
objections Of their respective coun-
tries. The American government, al
though 1t did nbt associate it's mem
0randum with that OF the other min
isters, also expressed disapprovaI Of
the bond issue.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22

\ Baltimore, Oct. 22.-Cardinal Glib
bons was the recipient of testimonials
and congratulations from Great Brit
ain, France and italy on his episcopal
golden jubilee. The French commits
sion arrived with the good wishes and
congratulations OF the French govern.
mAnt and the French episcopacy. A
delegation ofApromineut Catholic wo'
men Of Baltimore presented the aged
prelate with = magnificent set Of vest
ments, Cardinal Bourne and the
bishop Of Northampton, England wer(
present It the ceremeny.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
REPULsE VICIOUS ASSAULT
Yankees Retire and Then Defeat Foe
With Sudden Dash.

With the American Army Northwest
of Verdun, Oct. pa German attack
in the region of Grandpre was re-
pulsed. The Americans, for strategic
reasons, at first gave a little ground,
then rushed forward and swept the
Germans of their feet.
The German artillery sheued the en-
tire district, including B~elleioveuse
farm and the woods to the south and
between there and Grandpre. Fierce
fighting took place despite the heavy
rain, the Americans holding the upper
hand.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
ADOPTS FOLLOW UP SYSTEM
Wal Department viii Give Details ~
Minor Casualties.

Washington, Oct. 22.-An extension
of the Red Cross follow up system
has been inaugurated by the War de-
partment so that details wen Of min
or casualties among American sol
diers abroad will be reported to the
department. General March said the
system would record the name Of
every man wounded and the nature
OF his injury.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
HUNGARY TO BE INDEPENDENT
Report That Emperor Charles Will
Issue Manifesto.

Amsterdam, Oct. %. Emperor
Charles will shortly issue a manifesto
to the Hungarian people Sannouncing
the independence Of Hungary, accord
Ing to the Budapest correspondent of
the Rhenish Westphalian Gazette.
Hungary, the manifesto will say, is
to have economic independence and
will maintain her own army and her
own diplomatic corps.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
U. S. TROOPS SEEN IN BRUGEs
Holland Dispatch Says American Sol
diers Are There. Z

London Oct. %. American and
British colonial troops with heavy ar
tillery have been observed in the
neighborhood OF Bruges, says a dis
patch from Sluis, Holland. King AL
bert has arrived In Bruges.
More than 5000 prisoners were TAX
en- by the British north of LIE Cateau,
and the Germans have been hurled
back over the Lys river at three
places and the Allies are driving close
to Client an6. Journal, Field Marshal
Sir Douglas Haig reported in a special
statement on the Flanders offensive. /
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
HAS LOANED SIX MILLION
South Dakota Rural Credits Law Bene-
fIts Farming Communities.

Pierre, s. d., Oct. ~. = The last
meeting OF the state rural credits
commission approved loans Of almost
a million and q half dollars. Il
Up to the present time the state
commission has loaned to the people
Of the state almost double the moun
that has been loaned BY the Federal
commission for the same time. The
Federal loans o q about three
andsa half million and the state loans
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22

Vancouver, b. c., Oct. 22.-Captain
Joe Bernard, q daring trader OF Nome,
Alaska, is spending about i've years
working his way eastward In HIS boat.
the Teddy Bear, from the Boring Sea
through the northeast passage to the
Atlantic ocean. Reports came from
Alaska some time ago that Bernard
was endeavoring to navigate the north.
east passage, but no details were
given. Vilhjalmur S~tefansson. th~
Canadian Arctic explorer, on his ~
turn here from the north, confrmed
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
BIG MONTANA WHEAT CROP
With a Dry Season State Production
Was 25,324,o0O Bushels.

Missoula, Mont. Got. 22.-Despite
the dry season, Montana's wheat
production this year will be 25,324, 900
bushels. according to an estimate is
sued by Guy Fitzpatrick, state repre-
sentative OF the Federal Bureau Of
crop estimates.
Mr.. Fitzpatrick estimates the all
wheat production Of the United
States for the year at OF, 79S, 900 bush
els, the second largest wheat crop the
nation ever produced.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
SAYS TEuToNs ARE BEATEN
Count Tisxa Approves German Offer
to Make Peace.

Amsterdam, Oct. 22.-Count Tisza
former Hungarian premier. speaking
in the Hungarian lower house, accord
ing to q Budapest dispatch, said:
We have lost the war in the sense
that In consequence Of the shifting OF
the relative strength we can no longer
hope to win the war"
Therefore, he said, he approved the
offer OF Germany to make peace on
the basis Of President Wilson's four
teen and supplementary points.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
soIdiers 10 Hello Huek Corn.

Rockford, ILL.,, Oct. 22.--Two hundred
and fifty soldier-farmers of Camp
Grant are to aid Illinois farmers in
husking corn. The plan was effected
when representatives of the state
council Of defense and agricultural
committees from Chicago presented
their pleas for harvest aid to Maj. f..
B. Eastman, casual officer at the
camp.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
BIG CELEBRATION IN PARIS
First Fete Day In French Capital
Since War Began.

Paris, Oct. 22.-With enthusiasm I'M
abated by a pouring rain, Paris cele-
brated the liberation of French towns
from the enemy and the opening of
a campaign for the new French loan.
American troops. with the flag of the
301st infantry, headed a parade of
Allied soldiers through the streets.
They were followed by Belgians,
Brazilians and British and by Greeks
who had arrived in Paris from the
Macedonian front. Polish. Portu-
guese, Serbian and Czecho-Slovak sol
diers also were In line.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-10-22
Lille Refugees to Return Soon.

Paris, Oct. 22.-People Of Lille, who
have been here during the years that
their city was In the hands Of the Ger
mans, will soon be able to return home.
Passes will not be issued, however,
until the city can be properly reha-
bilitated. Motor transport lines are
being organized to run between Paris
and Lille.