davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
Duties Are Only
Partly Military

General Foch, together with General
Weygand, has been representing
France in this council The former has
been chief of staff since the Painleye
Ministry, and Clemenceau as his own
Minister of War has kept Foch and
strengthened his arm. In sending him
temporarily to the Versailles council
France was sending soldier whose
rank corresponds to that of General
lasker II. Bliss, our own military rep
resentatlve In the council. The duties
OF French chief of staff differ from
those of our chief, in that the ineum-
bent IS not only military head, but
also an Intermediary between the war
body and the actual government. Foch
,, has admirably filled the exacting re-
qulrements of his work and has shown
that he possesses remarkably not only
the science of warfare but also work
ing knowledge of men. For gen
cralissimo of The Allies these talents
are necessary.
General Weygand, his assistant in
the council, was at the beginning OF the
war colonel of hussars. Foch called
him at once to the General Staff, and
in the autumn of 1914 they fought to-
gether the User campaign. The two
have remained together since, Weygand
I>attaining first his brigadier general.
ship and recently the rank of general
de division, or major general. HIS
career in the army has all along been
one of rapid distinction and recog-
milton. At the end of his studies at
Saint Cyr, the French West Point, be
was selected as one of the few who
were permitted to follow post graduate
courses, commonly dubbed marshall
courses" because Of the almost certain
promotion reserved for those who 81
tain the privilege of following them
Weygand soon was given nigh rank 10
the light cavalry. and his vigorous ou',
door activity has kept him young sao
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
Helping Tide Over
The First Troubles

Almost beyond endurance were the
'lfst TRIALS and tribulations of the
pioneer builders of the Jewish home
land, ll-equlpped as to implements and
means, but fortified by boundless zeal
ana intense devotion to the cause thev
persevered and weathered all storms
There were times when it appeared
that the struggling colonists would be
overwhelmed by their difficulties and
mat the new work reclaiming the land
OF their fathers would have to be
abandoned just as previous efforts at
resettlcment were abandoned; but
there was jewish nobleman and men
OF great wealth living in Paris who had
been reading Jewish history, and there
was Christian idealist in London who
mad been dreaming of Jewish restora-
'lon, and there were men of influence
who had received Jewish inspiration in
other parts of the world. and these
soon came to the aid Of the troubled
settlers. To tell Of the munifcent aid
extended to the colonists by Baron
Edmond de Rothschild would REQUIRE
more space than is here available. and
the remarkable Palestinian activities
OF Sir Lawrence Oliphant form an
other fascinating chapter of the un-
written history Of Zionist cndeavors.
~ was INC BdTOn, as ne is affection
ately referred to by the Palestinians.
or the unknown philanthropist," as
ne Is otherwise mentioned Cor he
loved to indulge in the Jewish practice
of giving anonymously, who helped to
tide over their most perplexing diff
cultics, and if, owing to his generos-
ity, there was for time indirectly in
troduced certain benevolent feudal-
ISM which has naturally aroused crit-
clsm, his whole-hearted assistance and
wise encouragement have, nevertheless,
saved the pioneers from disaster and
lald the foundation stones of the new
Zion.
The movement of the "Lovers of
Alon,' with its branches in different
cities III Russia and Rumana. which
became centralized through the Katto-
WITT conference held in 1884, soon fur
nlshed further encouragement to the
hrst settlements, and later came the
organization of the first international
Zionist Congress, convened by DR.. Thee
dorc Herzl. which, though at the time
indirectly. gave such powerful stimulus
to the colonies: The colonies had al
ready evolved their own village admin
lstration, practically amounting to self
government, with 81 remarkable system
OF policing organized as the -Shomer
or nlghtwatch, TO protect the settle
mcnts from depredations, and under
the influence Of the Zionist agitation.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
Unknown Despite
Multitude of Books

Ihere is no country under the sum-"
says writer in "Palestine," the organ
OF the Palestine committee, who. the
editor assures us, is the greatest living
authority on the subject, "small or
large, on which such an overwhelming
number OF books has been written as
on Palestine, and yet the country may
safely be said to have remained, up to
very recently indeed, a terra ncognita.
owing to its geographical position in
the Eastern Mediterranean basin, and
owing to its geological structure, Pal
estne presents striking analogies with
Algeria and Tunis.
"The amount of rainfall in all these
countries is the deciding factor of life
sor death. of high fertility or barren
sterility. 1t is worthy of note that
Palestine everywhere gets more rain
than Tunis, a fact Of itself guarantee
of higher fertility. And if Palestine
does not get a heavier rainfall than
Algeria. it benefits better by it on ac-
count of its milder winters. Not only
or the high plateaus. but even along
the coastal plains and foothills, the
winter temperature Of Algeria is, at
times, low enough to stop the growth
o. the annual plants. Thus the bulk
Of the rain falls there, as we'll as in
Iunis, at a season when the vegetation
of annual plants can least avail itself
of its benefits. In Palestine, on the
contrary, owing to its mild winters,
the growth of annual plants is con-
t;nuous during the rainy season. They,
therefore. get the highest benefit from
the rainfall, and this explains the
higher yield of cereals, for instance, in
Palestine compared. cateris paribus,
with those of Algeria and Tunis
But great as the analogies arc be-
tween Palestine and Algeria or Tunis,
the analogies between Palestine and
California are still more striking.
This has been for the first time scien-
tiflcally established in an official pub
Hcation of the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, from which we
learn that Palestine is more like the
state of California than any other in
the Union in everything except size.
II is practically California reduced
to about one-twentieth in size, but
markedly similar in general topography,
climate. vegetation and agricultural and
economic possibilities
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
Not All Class
Struggle Is Reform

But it is not necessary to go to de-
funct states to prove the lurking dan
gers of class war. Certain forms Of
class struggle reveal its nature in the
passing events OF daily life without
any necessity to stretch our necks
back to the past. They are, in fact,
singled out to us again by the self
same teachers Of the Russian Bolshe-
visits, who make no attempt to screen
.nem or even to apologize for them.
Thus we learn from the textbooks
en- Socialism that in tie struggle of
labor against capital demands are
often put up which are not only I'M
Just to capitalists but also against the
working class as wacie. That the
attempt of certain trade unions to
limit the production. restrict the use
of machinery, eliminate apprentices,
and all that tends to impede the evo-
luton of modern industrialism are
contrary to the Socialist ideals, and
therefore rcac:ionary.
The Socialists more than any one
else ridculed and condemned the ston-
ing of trains, the tearing down of tele
graph wires and other attempts of the
laboring classes at various times to
resist the onward march of capitalism.
The Socialists do not conceal their con-
tempt for protectionism, high tariff
and every other artificial device ham
pering the free development of indus
tries. Socialists remained indifferent
to every movement of the middleman,
of the artisan and the farmer tending
to harass or curb the trusts and other
monopolies which they considered help
full to the industrial progress.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
Pioneer Colonists in Palestine Endured
Bitter Hardships to Reclaim Homeland
Jewish Pilgrim Settlers
in Zion Turned Des-
erts Into Gardens, but
of Some Groups Moth
ing Remains but a
Cemetery
By Bernard c.. Richards

Author % Tho D'scourscs OF Keidansly.' Later
Executive Secretary OF the American jewish
Congress.
TT is one of the bitterest ironies OF
later history that while fighting
on all battle fronts of the world
wax it was not given to the Jews to
shed their blood in the struggle for
, the rescue of their beloved land from
alien and hostile hands; that while
they won honors bearing arms under
various flags they were not privileged
to receive the reward of participating
with their own efforts in the redemp-
ton of the Holy Land.
There were. of course, scattered Jew
ish troops among General Allenby's
forces, even as there are Jewish men
serving in all of the other British regi
ments everywhere, and two distin-
guishcd members Of the Rothschild
family fell almost at the gates Of
Jerusalem. But there was no unit Of
Jewish soldiers permitted to fight, as
did so often their ancestors of old, for
tho cherished land of Palestine. Even
the Russian Jewish refugees, who, at
the outbreak of the war, were driven
by the Turkish authorities from the
Palestinian Jewish colonies and who,
having fled to Egypt, subsequently
formed the Zion Mule Corps of the
British Army. constituting the only
distinct Jewish unit in the whole war
even these men were by the fortunes
of war prevented from striking the
blow where they most longed to strike
it and instead fought and fell in the
disastrous campaign at Gallipoli
Colonel J. II. Patterson, organizer
and commander of the Zion Mule
Corps, has paid handsome tribute to
the bravery Of these homeless refu-
gees. But Of Jewish prowess in war
there are records innumerable from
Josephus's "Wars of the Jews" down to
with the Zionists in Gallipoli," by
Colonel Patterson himself. That none
of this spirit of gallantry and self
sacrifice could be displayed on the very
soil of Israel gives added sting to the
sorrow of Jewish homelessness, sting
which is only partly effaced by the
formation of the new Jewish battalion
which is about to depart for service in
Palestine.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
Population Rises
To $4,000 in 1914

Tho remarkable increase Of the Jew
ish population in Palestine is shown
from figures indicating that in 1870
the whole country held only 10000
Jews, while in 1914 the estimate given
came close to 125,000.
Then there is the remarkable rcbirth
of the Hebrew language, adapting itself
to the needs of the new time, which
with other cultural developments are
to be treated separately. "a creative
force already resides among the Jews
who have settled in PALESTINE" wrote
Miss Henrietta Sold, tho leader Of the
Hadassah Women's Organization, after
n visit in 1913. "rhc dry bones of gifts
from all over the world have been
clothed with the habliments of life,
and long scattered members have been
joined together into an organism.
Jerusalem has begun to assume in a
spiritual sense the aspect of city that
is builded compact together, and Pales
tine of a land of renewed social and
religious promise, while universal
Israel in the Daspora, through an or
gained common endeavor for the Holy
Land, is becoming a rcvitaized spirit
unl communion
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
Denied the Fight,
They Wrought Redemption

But if the Jews have not in later
days been privileged to fight for their
country, they have been permitted to
work for it, and the devotion, per-
severance, bravery and self-sacrificc
shown by the pioneer colonists in their
efforts to reclaim the land made barren
and unfruitful by long neglect and
misrule shall in future annals shine
Jewish military achievement in the
great war.
To have ventured to a long for
saken land with the most meagre of
equipment, to have braved the enmty
of alien tribes, to have struggled
against the unaccustomed heat, the
pest of malaria and other fatal dis
eases, to have withstood all opposition
from an unfriendly and corrupt gov
ernment, and then to have come out
victorious; to have built up forty-four
prosperous colonies, to have made the
deserted parts of Judaa blossom like
the rose-that was not only an cx-
traordinary accomplishment, but from
a full knowledge of the facts an I'M
precedented occurrence. And the answer
of the ever occurring question is always
the same; the explanation of the
secret is-the unending love for Zion.
Many were those who found the
struggle too hard and succumbcd;
many who became thoroughly dis
couraged and deserted the ranks; pri-
walton, exposure and disease claimed
victims innumerable, and there is at
least one pioneer colony of which moth
ing remains but a cemetery, the silent
tombstones bearing eloquent testimony
to the lives that were given in order
to bring about the revival of the Jews
as a people. Long alienated from the
soil, inexperienced in agriculture, un-
accustomed to the climate, lacking in
means as we'll as in knowledge, and
sustained chiefly by devotion to an
ideal, many of the first settlers found
their obstacles insurmountable and
never lived to see any of their hopes
realized. But nothing daunted, other
adventurous spirits, imbued with the
same devotion to the sacred soil, came
forward to take their places, and so,
step by step, the settlements grew and
increased in number until the Palestin-
ian colonies became new force in
world-Jewry, serving as the most i'm
pressive practical illustration of what
the Zionist preachers had been con-
tending and propelling that turning
point in Jewish history by which Zion
ism was transformed into an issue OF
world politics.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17

the highway of the general progress OF
the world. it ceases to be a revolution,
it turns into a dfbacle, and instead Of
promoting the cause of freedom ana
civilization, it throws humanity back
to barbarity.
A revolution to be real revolution
must not only bring about d change in
the life of men. but whatever changes
it works in the life Of people must be
IN accord with the will of history. A
social revolution to be real social
revolution must not only overturn the
political and economic forms of man
KIND, but it must leave the ground pre-
pared for other forms and relations
which arc of Il higher order, and tend
to secure greater measure of free
dom, welfare and happiness to a larger
number of men than heretofore
This is the philosophy of socialism
which Lenine and Trotzky maintain is
also their own philosophy
Now let us see how the leaders of
Bolshevism, who are the masters Of
Russla's destiny to-day. are applying
their own teachings to the actual reali-
ties OF their country
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
A S CIVILIZED mankind stands
a appalled, and fascinated by the

A S CIVILIZED mankind stanos
n appalled, and fascinated by the {,
new, strange appar'tion cal'eo
"Bolshevik" and cannot make up us
mind whether it is carcatured anger
or an idealized devil, all seem to be Il
unit upon the proposition that Bolshe-
vism is the last word Cf mans radical
thought and action, the climax to all
that the restless mind of progressive
humanity has devised to hasten the
advent Of it's final delivery.
And strange and unbelievable as 1t
may appear, it is still fact that not
only are the Bolsheviki far from being
the expression of history's last wish,
but that they are even ignorant of
their own mission; that they work
against themselves and for their own
destruction, that their message is a
message not of revolution but Of re-
action, that instead of bringing their
country to it's social salvation, they
arc wheeling history back to the apes
AS authorities, l shall quote the Boil
sheviki themselves, their prophets, then
bible. As proof, | shall rely upon the
doctrines Of their teachers, upon the
teachings of their own doctrines, which
they proclaim to be their science.
"The history of all hitherto existing
society is history of class struggles.
With this pronunciamento of the
First Canon of the Socialist Credo,
Karl Marx starts his Communist Mani
festo, which even to-day stands as the
Evangel of Revolution and Truth for
all the faithful followers, Lenine and
Trotzky included.
But declaring the history of man
kind and consequently the progress OF
society to be a result OF class struggle.
the teacher of Russian Bolshevism and
founder Of modern Socialism, Marx,
comedies that not every kind of class
struggle is revolutionary, or even
progressive. In his selfsame "mani-
fcsto" he declares that while the war
of one class Of society against an
other brings sometimes "a revolution
ary reconstruction of society,"" it may
also end in a Common ruin of the con-
tending classes"
The history of the Roman Empire is
one Of many instances where class
struggle did bring about common
ruin of the contending classes"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17

which he tells of the trying and dis
couraging experiences which he and his
fellow workers had gone through in
connection with the establishment OF
the colony of "Rishon lie Zion" ("The
First in ZionD, which was founded in
1882 on the Biblical site of En- Hak-
kore, the scene of one of Samson's ex-
ploits, about an hour and a half's jour
ncy southeast of Jaffa. Intensely
early privations and terrible struggles
OF the first colonists, and most pa
thetic is the incident in which the
writer relates Of the JOY which stirred
the whole settlement when the colo
nlsts, after long and painful attempts
to build the first we'll, boring deep into
the rocky surface, at last struck water.
The great news spread like wldfre,
and around the we'll all the inhabitants
OF the colony, men, women and chill
dren, assembled, and. dancing for JOY.
alternately sang and wept Before
departing for Palestine young Bel
kind went to take leave of a fellow
student at the Russian gymnasium, 4
young Pole.
"Do you remember, Karolka," he said,
"our dreams of long ago."
"What dreams ?" asked his fellow STU
dent
Our dreams of restoring Poland and
Palestine at the same time"
"Ah, but our dreams have come to
naught," said Karolka.
Il am going to PALESTINE" said Bel
kind.
The young Pole stood as if pctrifed,
and both suddenly realized as never
before the fatality of giving up hope.
Mr.. Belklnd and his companions never
gave up hope, and after the hardships
and painful efforts of years "Rishon lie
ZION is the largest and most flourish
ing colony in PALESTINE Petach Tikvah
gIhe Gate of Hopel had earlier been
founded by. Pedestrian Jews, whose al
most continual communal life gave
evidence that some Jews remained liv-
ing, in Palestine throughout history,
and Zichron Jacob (The Memorial of
Jacob, Rechoboth Akron. Metullah,
Chcderah, Rosh Pinah, Yesod HamaalcE
were other colonies which rose one
after another. and made the Judaan
hills and wales rcsound again with
Jewish speech, song and cries, and, in
those days, but rarely with laughter.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
Revolution Must
ulhl History

Such is the dictum of all the teach
ers of modern socialism, that a revolu-
ton does not mean the beheading of a
ruler, and a social revolution does not
come after the heheading of a ruling
class. That if a revolution in quest of
new forms and ideas fails to grasp the
significance and consequence of the old
institutions and habits, and, cutting
itself loose from the past. abandons
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
How the First
Colonies Fared

Israel Belkind. scholar and educator,
who was among the organizers of the
"BlIu,' which was first founded in
Charkow, and who is now sojourning
IN this country. has just written little
pook. "Ihe First Steps in Palestinian
Colonlzauon,' published in Yiddish. in
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17

which was fast embracing all Jewish
communities of the world, the cduca-
tional system of the Palcstinian jews
was enlarged and perfected, unique
cultural institutions were established
and Jews everywhere pointed with
pride to the Bazclal School Of Arts and
Crafts at Jerusalem, the Hebrew High
School at Jatfc, the Hebrew National
Library, the Organization Of Jewish
Teachers and other institutions.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17

about deserts and unproductiveness
have undergone fundamental changes.
The belt of worthless agricultural
lands around the real deserts has been
gradually reduced and wonderful crops
are raised on lands which few decades
ago were looked upon as utterly un-
promising. In the development of dry
farming Palestnian Jewish agrono-
mists have had their share, and in the
tion in Palestine methods specially
adapted to that country have been
worked out and have been productive
Of good results.
Geographical Society Dr.. 3. W. G.
Masterman described the promising
possibilities Of Palestine from the
point of view of stock breeding and
tillage of the soil and indicated how
the ancient fertility Of the land may
easily be restored. Before him other
experts have expressed opinions SINH
larly favorable, and the opinions were
fully borne out by the progress Of the
first colonists who supplied consular
reports with figures Of the increase Of
production and statistics of exports
which made the dry facts more elo-
quent than the most fcrvid peroratons
of Zionist orators. But the opinions of
modern agricultural experts had not
yet been written when the first cm-
grants embarked for Palestine, nor
were these pioneers persuaded by the
ancient promises Of "thc land flowing
with milk and honey"
1t was rather the hunger of the Jew
ish soul that they sought to satisfy; it
was for the fulfilment of Jewish proph-
ecy of the conquest of the spirit over
degrading materialism and brutality,
the freedom to give new expression to
, Jewish moral values, that they yearned
and changing events having stirred
them from their torpor. they reused
themselves to realization Of their
national consciousness and TO make
desperate effort to regain their dig
nifty, thus starting the colonization
movement which writer in "The Lon
don Times" has called "the most dar-
ing in history"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17
The Possibilities
OF Restored Zion

Having followed the trend of the
story of the persistence of the hope
for return from the very first days of
the exile; the strange migration OF an
idea pursuing the footsteps of the Jew
lsh wanderer from land to land; the
rise in various lands of early advo-
Gates of the Zionist idea, and the spe-
cial interest shown from generations
back by the English nation and her
writer's and statesmen, and subsequent-
ly the practical form of organization
and immense impetus given to the ideal
by DR.. Herzl-having followed these
developments as sketched in the preyi-
Gus articles, the reader will ask what
exactly are the concrete possibilities
Of this land which has been the object
of such tenderly cherished desires, and
what has already been done in the way
of practical work to translate the
dream of Zion into reality? 1t is for
scientists to answer the first question,
and the answer to the second is found
in the growth of the forty-four crst-
while fourishing colonies.
Necessarily this statement has to be
qualified by the word "crstwh;'c," for
the war has wrought its havoc among
the pioneer Palestinian settlements,
and much of what was built up in The
course of q quarter Of century has
been demolished in two and one half
years Of the war, large numbers of
settlers having been driven from their
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-02-17

homes and many of the plantations
having been ruined; but under the
protective occupation of the British
forces the work of repatriation and
reparation has already been begun, and
with the new stimulus that it is OK
pected will now be given to the re-
building of the Jewish homeland the
damage done will soon be made good
and the efforts at reconstruction great
ly strengthened and multiplied.