davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
By KOLB PERKINS
 nf rHaNna

It is to be admitted that one of the busiest seasons of the year comes right after oat and wheat harvest. Often crops are made or lost at this time. For all that, the writer has never failed to plant all or nearly all of his stubble land in some sort of summer legume. If we will determine now to plant our oat or wheat stubble, and work to that end, we will find it is not nearly so much trou- ble as we anticipated. There are some who still question the profitableness of this system; these are the farmers who have land that bakes in summer and gets boggy in winter because it has been left to be sun-burned every summer after harvest. Those who question the advisability of raising a hay crop after wheat or oats, when it can be done so easily, and then go and buy feet, may be successful farmers so far as money making goes. but still they are not get ting all out of the soil that is possible. Besides, 1t is probable that their soil IS losing in fertility, which might be restored by growing summer legumes.
 WHEN RUSHED
 Some farmers who are rushed merely take large middle-breaker and lay of rows and plant COW peas soy beans, vel vet beans or peanuts directly in thi, furrow Some bed out and plant on ths ridge. Personally. do not like ridge planting; prefer to plant flat, or level. Level planting is especially good for peanuts. If they are planted on ridge you can throw no dirt to them, while if they are in deep furrow you will likely have to turn too much to them, causing them to have many empty hulls and buy few good nuts. It is not much more trouble to flat-break the land, harrow it and then lay 1t off and plant than to lay off the raw stubble with a middle breaker and plant.
 Now. if you do not care to plant in rows you can SOW COW peas, soy beans or velvet beans with grain drill on the flat broken land. l do not like broad- casting. because it gets the plants too thick on the ground and they suffer from lack of moisture, but broadcast ing is all right where we cannot drill the seed. It may be some trouble to get the drill set to put out the proper amount of seed. which will be about q peck to the acre. but it will be labor well expended. for the grain drill will plant number of drills at one time and save laying off the land. If the shoes are close together on your drill you will get the drills apout the proper distance apart for legumes by stopping up two holes out of three. If the shoes are far apart, stop up every alternate hole When you have the drill ad- justed. chalk up the proper adjustment somewhere on the machine so you will know just where to set the drill when you come to plant COW peas, soy beans or velvet beans in the drill again.
 As for varieties. you will need to S. lect early maturing sorts of every ie-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
Winter Wheat Prospects

production of about 5T2,0o0 GOO bush els of winter wheat was forecast by the department of agriculture from the condition of the crop on May 1. The forecast. based on conditions April 1, was 5eo,O000O0. Winter wheat production in 1917 was estimated to be 41S.0oo0oo. and the average of the preceding five years was 55s,00o.000. The largest produc- ton ever recorded in the United States was eS5 OO0. 900 in 1914. and the smallest production was 400, oO0.0o0 in 1913. About 1s.7 per cent of the average sown tc winter wheat last fall had been aban- doned on May 1. Nearly one-half of the abandonment was in Kansas. while the four states, Kansas. Nebraska. Okla homa and Texas. contained nearly four fifths of the abandoned acreage.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
Wartime Salads

In conserving meats salads must ba more generally used.
 The common salad plants. Iettuse cabA bage and celery may be served wiz, salad dressings for light salads ar tha,, may be combined with fruits vese+.h,os meats, fish. cheese and eggs for hea,,,er salads.
 Cheese and eggs are nearly always served with lettuce 9
 Meats and fish are generally combined with celery !"
 As a rule not more than two ar tbreo vegetables or fruits are used in one salad
 salad dressing should not be added to a salad until just before serving
 Salads should be arranged neatlv o,1 attractively. anu
 Apple and Nut salad-Dice pared an pies and mix with one-fourth their amount of chopped nuts. Arrange neatl,, on crisp lettuce leaves and sar,,a v,,ith boiled salad dressing.
 Caboage Saiad-Shred cabbage fnelv. mix with salad dressing and serve
 Tomato Jelly Salad-One can tomatoes one teaspoon salt, two and one half ta- pissPoons gelatin one teaspoon sugar,
 aeeW ana strain tomatos, add salt and sugar Soak gelatine in cold water and dissolve in hot tomato juice. Pour into molos and chill. Serve on lettuce and garnish with mayonnaise dressing.
 vegetable Salad-Ssew and strain to- matoes, add salt and sugar Soak gela- tine In cold water and dissolve in hot tomato sauce Pour into molds and chiii- Serve on lettuce and garnish with mayonnaise dressing.
 sesetapie Salad-one cup cold cooked I carrot cubes. one cup cold cooked peas, two or three hard boiled eggs If de sired). one cup of cold cooked potato cubes, one cup of cold cooked string beans parsley. Combine ingredients and serve with French mayonnaise dressing. Garnish with parsley or egg.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
Why Raise Hogs?

Because
 Hogs multiply rapidly and mature quickly, so that they offer the quick est means of increasing the armies supply of meat
 en amount of feed than any other do- mestic animal.
 Hogs give a greater weight Of dressed carcas in proportion to live weight than any other animal.
 The carcas of the hog contains more edible meat in proportion to bone than of any other animal
 Pork and bacon contain a large pro- portion of edible fat which is vitally needed in the rations of soldiers.
 Bacon is the most compact form in which meat can be shipped abroad.
 One or two pigs can be kept in the bacqyards of thousands of urban urban households with profit
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
To Can Baby Beets

young, tender beets should becanned. Sort, putting uniform size together. Tn preparing beets for boiling, be careful not to cut the stems off too closely or to break the root. This will cause loss of juice with accompanying loss of fourths done, peel. pack hot In layers of three or four. fitting the second layer into the spaces left in the first layer, and repeat. Cover quart jars one hour at 212 degrees F. or 30 minutes under five pounds steam. Do not allow cold water to touch the beets after they have been cooked
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
Why Beekeepers Fail

faiiur. to make a success of beekeep- Ing almost always results from lack Of strdy cf the needs of the bees, combined Witn the failure to do things on time. Beekeeping is essentially an industry Whlch requires studious care. and in con sequence the proper development of this pranch or agriculture necessitates to an unusual degree the dissemination of in- formation of rather detailed nature While there are published bulletins and books which contain the needed informa- tlon' these have not proved adequate
 It is quite possible for the American oeekeeping industry to be developed so that the honey cxcp will be ten times what 1t is at present. Not only would such development be valuable in an emergency such as the present crisis, but in normal times the bookkeeping industry can provide concentrated, nutritious food, almost universally liked, and as- suredly an article of diet preferable to the inferior syrups and jams so com monly used.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30

Well-stoked pantry shelves found in so many American homes at the end of the canning season have not been enough in the way of food saving for many women and girls who last year. especially through their organized clubs, put up millions of jars and cans of fruits and vegetables in response to the world s need of food.
 Although some of this surplus canned food, that the pantry shelves would not hold was sold on local markets. and some Of it was even shipped to near by points, here and there the home can ners found that 1t was hard to sell the surplus. One of the main difficulties, as pointed out by the bureau of markets, was that the home canned products were not standardized, for many cases were found where well-selected, carefully packed standardized goods brought good prices to the home canner
 Local or nearby markets for home canned products are usually the best, The attractiveness of the pack and containers affects it's selling qualities. Merchants or other buyers do not want a miscellaneous assortment of products, and it is better practice to put different products in boxes by them selves and not to mix containers of , peaches and peppers, for example, in the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
Allow NotFuas 10 eis

To prevent losses fsom s1Aga er- tain Hours anu neais asrfe. ..ot weather. the United ,,ates food administration has issued instructions regarding their storage Special care should be taken of the following products:
 Bran. shorts and middiings. corn prod ucts containing the outer coating and germ (such as so-called water-ground corr meal and grts). oats and oatmealn. graham and wholewheat flour. rye flour, barley flour, peanut meal and soy bean meal
 These products should be kept nov ing and used as soon as possible. When storing Is necessary keep in cool dry. well ventilated place. Raise bags Of flour and meal sufficiently from the floor to exclude rats, mice and insects. also to permit cleaning the floor under the bags W hen many bags are stored. arrange them in tiers, leaving space between the tiers to allow abundant ventilation. Large stocks should be reduced as much as possible before hot weather.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
Cultivation of Peanuts

In general, this is very much the same as for cotton with the important diff flat broken and the crop given level cul- tivation Care should be taken not to throw dirt to the plant at any time but to keep the ground puiverized so that the plant may occupy such space as it demands. The field may be gone over with a weeder, or drag harrow with the teeth inclined backward. before or soon after the plants are up. If necessary to kept down the weeds or grass. or to mulch the surface of the soil. Grass must not be allowed to grow in the drill with the plants. If necessary. the hoe must be used to control this. After the weeder or harrow, the cultivator or much-worn scrape may be used. Care must be taken not to disturb the roots of the plant after it begins to set nuts
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
Army and Wheat

Wheat requirements of European na- tions may be judged from figures com piled by the food administration. The western European allies normally con sume over 900.o0o,ooo bushels of wheat annually of which they import 4oo, 900 GOO bushels-nearly half. With pres- ent reduced harvests the allies re- quired much more.
 The, central powers on the other hand Jnormally require for their total needs about 50O, 900. 900 bushels of wheat of which they raise all but 10000, 900
 bushels. It will be observed that in peace times the western European allies receive six times as much wheat from other countries as do the central powers.
 These facts emphasize the necessity for the United States to furnish the wheat which cannot be secured from In-
 dia, Australia and other remote coun-
 tries, because of shortage in ships.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
Dairy Shortage

It is estimated that the shortage in iairy stock in Europe is probably over 100000 head. Milk. butter and cheese in some countries are almost unobtain able.
 For countless ages milk and milk prod ucts have been considered essential to human life. The babies who are to be- come the man power of the next genera : tion must have cows milk
 After the war the European herd will be restored but that restoration must de- pend on the dairy herd in the United States. While the dairy farmer in, this country Is making little or no profit there Is just ahead of him a decade of great prosperity and those who can stem the tide until it turns will have easy sail ing to a good fortune.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
Large and Small Cows

Large cows represented by the Hol- steins, are the more economical pro- ducers of milk and milk solids, while small cows, represented by the Jerseys are the more economical producers of butterfat, according to an investigation conducted by the Ohio experiment station. For each 100 pounds of milk produced the Holstelns consumed 14o pounds of dry matter and 91 pounds of digestible nutri ents, while the Jerseys consumed 1G pounds of dry matter and l06 pounds O.. digestibfe nutrients. For each 100 pounds of butterfat. the Jerseys consumed 30 q. pounds of dry matter and 19 .62 pounds O. digestible nutrients. while the Holstein consumed 40.42 pounds of digestibls nutrients.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
Horse and Mule Sale

There will be sold. at public auction. at auxiliary remount depot No. s1g. near Montgomery, Ala, on Thursday. June f, beginning at 9 a. m. 35 con- demned horses and seven condemned mules. Each animal will be sold, indi- vidually. to the highest bidder. for cash. the government reserving the right to reject any or all bids, for sufficient reas- ons. Only cash or certified checks will be accepted.
 A number of these animals were con- demned merely on account of minor ail- ments, or traits or character, which make them undesirable for active army serv- ice. These will make excellent farm animals.
 For further information address J. M. Morrell, captain, quartermaster reserve corps. auxiliary remount depot No. 3i2. Montgomery.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
Farm Women to France

The first company of American wom- en farmers to work in devastated France will sail this month to work in the Ainse, where the French government has placed large tracts of land in the hands of a committee experimenting this work. The women selected for it had to be more than 2b years old. with neither a hus- hand TOT brother in the military service. aad be either a graduate from an agri- cultural college or to have had practical experience on the farm in America She also must be able to speak French, also to pay her own expenses. These patri- o.ic women will farm French soil in the American fashion by driving tractors and using up-to- date machinery Even the kind of clothes they shall wear. a blue denim field costume, has been provided for
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
Why a Cake Fails

Sometimes the cake does not bake just as you think 1t should. and you are pug zled to find the trouble. If the cake rises and then falls. the batter was too thin OF it was shaken before it became set; if heavy with streaks, too much butter was used: If coarse grained, dry and tasteless. more baking powder than need ed was used; if the upper crust cracks open, either the oven was too hot or too much flour was used if coarse grained and gritty. too large a quantity of sugar was put into the cake or the butter and sugar was not sufficiently creamed- waxy crust is the result of too much sugar. If the batter runs over the sides of the pan. leaving very soft, delicate cake. the oven was not hot enough to form crust.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30

same lot when offering them for sale. Containers should be graded to size, and quarts and pints kept separate Labels are necessary on tin containers and help sell canned goods.
 GAN GUARANTEE PACK Where products are put up by mem bers of canning clubs under organized supervision it is possible to guarantee the pack of the different products as to grade and weight or measure. This is considerable aid in selling, since the buyer then knows exactly what he is buying.
 In case the products are pooled for mar keting, the different kinds of fruits or vegetables can be placed together in graded sized containers, when. perhaps,
 the pack of any one individual might not be large enough to make up quan- tity sufficient to attract buyers. It is as necessary to establish reputation for reliability as to nave products put ur attractvely. The marketing of home or club canned products can be made sue cessful if the canners will study the 1 marketing problem and cater to the needs l of buyers. When orders are secured in advance for products, home canners should eadeavor to fill the orders on time
 and give the buyer the kind of products agreed upon.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
Dip That Tick

When your cattle swim through the dipping vat, just say to yourself. More meat for our soldiers
 Your patriotic thought is justified.
 Every dead tick in a dipping trench means more meat for fighting trench.
 Reason it out for yourself. Ticks take hlccd--blood makes meat-ticks steal sneat--nee6ed now for soldiers.
 DIP THAT TICK!
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
By MRS. JOHN c. MOSES

Ely MRS. JOHN c. MOSES
 For those who are growing poultry in back yards or other small space, per haps the most serious problem from this time on will be the handling of weaned chicks. Where artificial breeders are used, this problem does not become acute quite so early, but chicks brooded by hens in many cases will be weaned be- fore they are well able to care for them selye
 The best results are usually obtained
 wher the chicks are given, at weaning, sufficient coop and land room to serve them until they are well grown. Chicks, in common with all kinds of poultry, are very sensitive to change, and growth is retarded by being moved It is well that they be allowed to keep the same quarters and range throughout the period oe growth. Separation and new combina- ticns are also objectionable. Chicks grouped at weaning should be allowed to remain together until they go to the fat tening coop or into winter quarters
 Some individual separations will be found necessary, and this will serve to render adequate a space that would be too small for brood of welI-grown birds If all were allowed to remain If the chicks are of one of the smaller breeds, like the Leghorn, it is advisa ble to sep arate the cockerels from the bullets at weaning, as most of the cockerels are pre- cocious and begin very early to domineer over other cockerels and among the pull lets. In the Asiatic breeds. the sexes may safely be kept together until well grown, and in the general-purpose breeds, like the Plymouth Rock, it will only be necessary to remove an occa- sional precocious cockerel.
 The feeding of chicks after weaning will not differ materially from the prac- tice before weaning. The best basis of the grain ration. since wheat must not be used for chicken feed, is cracked corn and oats. The growth of the chickens will be hastened if they are given sour milk, skim milk, or buttermill< to drink, It may be desirable to feed some beef scrap, though the need for this may be supplied by table scraps. The chick ems should always be supplied with green feed, such as lettuce, sprouted oats, al- falfa, or clover. With most backyard floclSs this need can be largely met by utilizing the waste from table vegetables. Fine charcoal, grit, and oyster shells should be kept before the chickens al all times, and when they are kept in small bare yards cracked or ground bone should be fed.
 The growth of the chickens will de- pend largely upon the measure of com fort that is accorded them. Particular care should be exercised to be sure that they have plenty of shade to pro- test them from the sun during the heat Of the day, and taht the ventilation of GOODS is sufficient to keep them com. fortable at night. It is of the greatest importance of course, to see that the chickens are kept at all times free of lice and mites.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
MORE POULTRY FOR 1918

Two causes combine to make the ne- cessity for raising more poultry this year. say officials of the United States department of agriculture in a recent publication. One is that the war needs of the nation make larger average stocks of productive poultry important. The other is that the number of fowls on farms, from a multiplicity of causes, has been reduced during the past year.
 A succession of sharp advances in prices of poultry feeds in 1917 and uncer-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30

The scales may be easily removed rom fish if you immerse 1t for a minute Tn boiling water. Pour the wa ter over 1t very quickly and do not allow the fish to remain in it.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30

Jelly should not be poured into mold until it is on the point of set. ting If this rule is followed there Will never be any difficulty in turn Ing out the most delicate cream jel- 1y or aspic.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
POULTRY CLUB AGENTS

The poultry extension agents are ex- nected to make the greatest effort in the grain producing states, where the pos sibilities of large increase at low cost are greatest Their special work is to organize new forces which will directly assist in poultry production.
 The poultry club agents aim especially to organize and instruct the boys and girls About 15.Ooo boys and girls are already enrolled in poultry clubs and helping to produce eggs and poultry. Community poultry breeding associations have also been organized among the parents of these boys and girls. The community breeding circle is intended to direct interest to the varieties of poultry best adapted to the farm conditions in the community and to encourage the pro- duction of the classes of poultry products which sell best in the most accessible markets
 To meet a demand for information re- sulting from a widening interest in poul- try. the service of the office of informa- tion of the department of agriculture has been extended to a large list of general newspapers. Through these it is ex- peeted not only to increase the army of poultry producers, but also to increase greatly the consumption of poultry and eggs in cities.
 NOISELESS FLOCKS
 With proper backyard flock, you dc all the growing.
 No need to keep roosters-no need tc rouse your neighbors at laybreak.
 Roosterless flocks after the matching season produce the best eggs-infertile eggs
 Backyard egg raising needn't be noisy
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30

When roasting or baking a piece of meat, skewer some thin suet over it. This saves the trouble of basting. prevents 1t from burning and flavors the meat nicely.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30

When fruits such as entrants. raj sins or citron. have become hard and dry they may be made fit for use by placing them in warm oven for while
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30

To remove wax from cloth hold a red hot iron within an inch or two of some plotting paper laid on the cloth over the marks
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30

Marks on mahogany caused by dampness may be removed by run- ping the surface with a soft cloth moistened in little sweet oil Ruo 1t in we'll
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30

To poach eggs successfully do not drop them into water while it is boil ing. but draw the nan aside and drop the eggs in when the water is still.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30

In cooking potatoes put a cloth over the saucepan before you place the lid on and they will cook in much less time and be very mealy.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30

Nearly all the cauliflower can be cooked. The stalks of the leaves are stripped and cut up and they will cook and taste as good as the head.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30
TO INCREASE PRODUCTION

of last year the organization of poultry
 keepers, the poultry and agricultural
 press, the poultry departments of state
 agricultural colleges and experiment sta tions and the United States department of agriculture engaged in cooperative efforts to stimulate increased production of pounltry and eggs.
 At present 39 poultry extension agents appointed by the United States depart ment or agriculture are at work in B states, under the state directors of ex- tension work. and Il poultry club agents
 are cooperating with the poultry de-
 partments of the agricultural colleges in II sis
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-05-30

If you singe the roots immediately upon digging up the beet this will prevent bleeding and conserves the flavor and dark red color of the beet.