davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1918-04-06
XMAS TREE CUSTOM HAD
IT'S ORIGIN IN NEW YORK

them and came to New York before
Christmas in 1851 with a lot Of the
evergreens. He took up his stand in
st. Marks place, which was then more
or less of a shopping center.
He decorated one of the trees with
ribbons and tinsel and sparklers and
other things until it was riot Of
color. The sight Immediately struck
the fancy of the ladies of the Stuyve-
SAINT section and lower Second avenue,
which were then vastly different from
what they are now. Two hours after
he had placed his trees on display ne
had sold out his cargo and was speed
ing back to the Catskills as rapidly
as conveyances could take him.
He returned the day before Christ
mas with larger load and found New
York waiting for him ami his trees.
He sold them all before they had been
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1918-04-06
HAS GREAT POL Ar RIDDLE
BEEN SOLVED g? lg ;ya!glAl

he saga Of the deeds by
Stefannson newly done
may yet reveal that the
Arctic mirage dream is
true.
His lay Of discovarv
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1918-04-06
% .ST24WSSA1ES
ExaAssA7zOx o G2ASES
o CCRRI~7S
Plan for a Small Garden.

In this plan all the vegetables named
are planted in rows across from
the inside lateral rows of strawber-
ries. AS rapidly as each kind Of peas
natures and the crop Is over, kaIe Is
planted in it's place. The ground to
BE used for tomatoes is first planted
with onion sets, and these onions are
Used as rapidly as needed. When the
time comes to set out the tomatoes,
some of the onions are dug to make
space for the tomato plants. When
the tomato crop is over, the ground
is occupied by spinach as the third
crop. Spinach is also planted as soon
as the bulb onions from the side are
gathered The beans, carrots, and
peas are succeeded by late cabbage,
and between the rows of late cabbage
potato onion" sets are planted. Late
beans are planted between the rows
of parsnips after the radishes and let
tuce have been gathered.
should be allotted to each than is
needed to furnish Il sufficient quantity
of the vegetable for family consump-
ton or for other known needs.
Make the garden work all summer.
Make your plans so that when one
crop is ready for the table or flor can
ming another vegetable can be plant
ed between the Old rows and new
paintings can take tbs space vacated.
Many home gardeners seem cortent
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1918-04-06
owns efas Recn AE xp
Back Lin the Explore

two-thirds of the circuit around the
pole. 1t ends at almost the same
place where the drift of the Jeanette
began, and this vessel In turn sank
not far from the beginning point of
the Fram's long voyage in the grip Of
the foe.
"All drifted toward the west, but
the Fran made more to the north
than the others did These certified
tracts block a vast area capable of
holding q continent the size of Green
land or extensive archipelagoes.
Contrary to some published reports.
the new land north of Siberia found
by Commander Wilkitzky of the Rus
sian navy cannot possibly be part Of
this supposed land mass. The FRAN
drifted In between this new land
(Nicholas II Land) and the pole,
passing over an area of deep ocean
soundings. The De Long islands, near
which the Jeanette sank, and the Ill
defined mass of Bennett Land, may
mark the extreme extension toward
the west of the supposed land of the
Arctic ocean"
AS the work Of exploration carried
on by Mr.. StefansSOn is official in
character, there Is every reason to be-
lieve that after the close Of the Euro
pean war Canada will devote extern
sive resources to further exploration
based on what he has already ascer-
tanned.
Although the Ignite deposits which
Stefansson reports finding are not
| considered Of commercial importance
at present, it may be that the re-
searches of the explorer will open up
new region for development. His me-
neurological and tidal observations are
bound to be of great service to navi-
gators.
The chronological Investigations
which StefanSSOn's ready sympathieS
and keen insight into life have enabled
him to make are likely to prove of
exceptional value to science. He was
the first to grasp the spiritual ideas
and concepts of the Eskimos and to
explain their peculiar beliefs concern
ing the migration Of souls.
Taken all in all, If Vilhjalmur Stef-
ansSon returns to civilization In the
| spring of 1913, as he planned to do.
he will have mass of important In
formation of all kinds to cOllate and
arrange, Of which the geographical re-
suits will form an important part, as
they may well lead to the lifting of the
veil Of time from the secrets of an ice
| locked land.
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1918-04-06

customed to the many needs of civili-
cation, have always looked forward
with anxiety to the idea that they
might have to subsist on such print
tive fare, but StefansSOn and his two
comrades welcomed the novel subsist-
ence methods In their unbroken jour
ney Of 700 miles.
Proceeding to the north and north
west from Prince Patrick island. Stef-
ansson discovered his first new land
on June Is, 1915, in IS degrees north
latitude and ia degrees west longi-
tude. He surveyed this new territory
to the eastward for 100 miles, and
from observations made at height
Of 1900 feet estimated at that time
that the newly discovered territory
extended for at least $50 miles. 1t ap-
parently touches the periphery Of the
area marked unknown.
The party returned to a base camp
Mt Cape kellett on Banks Land and,
after having communicated its discOv-
cry to the outside world, prepared to
push its explorations further into the
unknown realms of the North.
More land was discovered, according
to the latest advices, in June of the
following year in approximately 80 de-
grees north latitude and 102 degrees
west longitude. In August Of the same
year additional land was seen in ap-
proximately latitude II degrees north
and III degrees west longitude. These
figures are only approximate and do
not take into account the outline of
the lands as they are likely soon to be
set forth in the official records Of the
Canadian government.
That there IS a large land mass or
a cOnglOmeration Of many islands in
the unmapped regions which have been
the objective of Mr.. Stefansson all
these years there can be little doubt.
II there were not solid and we'll an
chored terra firma in those regions the
scientists believe that the enormous
Cutting and choking Of the straits and
the channels of the Arctic could hardly
occur.
The drift of various vessels indi-
Gates that there are impenetrable
tracts Of large area In the so-called IN
explored region. DR.. Herbert J. Spin
den in the Scientific American not
long ago discussed the extent of the
uncharted polar basin as indicated by
the drift of the vessels Of explorers.
practically completes the drift record
from Point Barrow, in Alaska, to
Spitzenberg island, north of Norway,
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1918-04-06

The custom of placing an evergreen
tree in the home on Christmas eve to
ha decorated and hung with gifts IS OF
course a yuletde rite Of ancient stand
ine but in its modern form as prac-
iced in the United States it Is com
naratively young and had its origin IN
New York.
Mark Carr Is the man who intro
duced the Christmas tree to New York
citv MS New York knows 1t now. he
,,.os Catskill woodsman. He had
+roveIed q bit and was acquainted with
tho Christmas customs OF various
countries. He thus came to see the
possibilities of the evergreens of the
Catskills.
The more thought ne gave TO the
little trees the more confident he was
that they would make a fine christ
mas decoration. He decided to try
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1918-04-06

Plan your home garden In advance
Make diagram Of the available
space; allot the ground to the vege
tables you want to grow. Prepare to
make your garden work until frost
next fall. That is advice to home
gardener by horticulturistS Of the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture.
Interest in the planning all mem
bers of the family, especially the CHR
dren who by being given n partner
ship now, Will know their duties when
the time comes. Read such garden
ing publications as are available.
Write to the Department of AgriCul-
ture for a home gardening bulletin.
In making diagram of the garden
II IS well to use tough paper, such as
heavy wrapping paper, which will
stand repeated handling out Of doors.
A fairly large scale should be adopt
ed So that full notes can be kept in
he spaces representing rows. If the
garden is fairly large or ahnormally
long the diagram may be made In sep
arate sections for the sake of con-
venience.
Plan for Home Needs.
A typical plan of this character Is
shown in the Illustration. This plan,
Of course, is of use chiefly as an ex-
ample, and in most cases different
arrangement will be necessary to meet
the conditions surrounding individual
garden spaces. On the plan the gar
iener may indicate the approximate
late when each Of his projected crops
IS to be planted. No more space
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1918-04-06
PLAN AND PREPARE

Prepare to do your part in
increasing Americas food sup
ply by raising your own vege-
tables In your home garden.
Plan your garden on paper.
Map out your campaign. You
will profit through time, labor.
and money saved.
Planning is preparing.
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1918-04-06
Get Ready to Plant.

BY knowing what and where and
how much you want to grow, by being
prepared with your seeds and tools
by mapping out your work In advance,
you will grow more and better ycge
tables and save time. labor and money
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1918-04-06
BE A HOME GUARDENER"

The home gardens of America
are the home guard In food pro-
ductiOn.
The home guardener" of this
year-our second in the warts
forcwarned and thus forearmed.
The "home guardenar, before
ne arms himself with his hoe.
must fortify himself with knowl-
edge.
Every peck of vegetables pro-
duced for home use this year
from ground that never before
grew food will mean certain
quantity Of meat or wheat re-
leased for use behind our battle
lines.
Join the "home gardeners"
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1918-04-06
HOME GARDEN PLAN SAVES TIME.
MONEY, AND LABOR FOR GARDENER

10 raise single crop on each plot OF
land at their disposal, but 1t is quite
possible to grow two or three crops
of some vegetables In one season.
primary consideration In arrung-
ing the garden IS the kind Of cultiva-
ton TO be employed. Where the work
Is to be done mainly by means OF
horSe-drawn tools the arrangement
should b" such as to give the longest
possible rows and a straight outline
should be followed The garden
should be free from paths across the
rows and turning spaces should he
provided at the ends. For hand Cul-
tivntion (the method that probably
VIII be used by most home gardeners)
the arrangement can be quite differ
ent, as the garden may be laid out in
sections with transverse walks and
the rows can be much closer for most
crops
Remember Early Vegetables.
1t is also important to consider the
location of permanent crops such an
asparagus and rhuburh If any Of the
small fruits such as ruSpberries, cur
rants and gooScb"rrioS are to be
planted within the garden Enclosure
they should be included with the per
mancnt crops. The location and area
for the hotbed, cold-framc or Seedbed
should be decided upon. although
these may be shifted to some conyen-
lent place outside the garden.
Where there IS great variety in the
composition of the soil in different
parts Of the garden it will be advis-
able to note this when arranging for
the location of the various crops.
Such crops as celery, onions and late
cabbage should be planted in land
that IS not too low and moist. If part
of the soil is high, warm and dry, that
IS the proper location for early crops
and those that need q quick, warm
soil
Points to Consider.
Remember these points in planning
! your garden:
| A gentle slope toward the south or
southeast is most desirable for the
production Of early crops. 1t Is an
advantage to have protection ON the
north and northeast by either hill
group of trees or hedge, buildings
tight board fence or stone wal
! to break the force of the wind.
The land should have sufiicien,
drainage for surplus water to run Oh
| during heavy rains, but the fall should
| not be so great that the soil will be
washed. Fill up holes In which water
will accumulate. Avoid banks of
creek or stream liable to overflow.
A good fence around the garden plot
is almost Indispensable to keep out
damaging animals.
The garden should be as near the
kitchen as possible 80 that the work
of caring for the crops may be done
at odd times and so that the vegeta.
bles are quickly available to the
| housewife.
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1918-04-06
tIse All Available Space.

Intensive culture and carefully ar.
ranged rotation will help make every
foot of available space in the small
garden produce the maximum yield.
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1918-04-06

in the city three hours and for prices
which would compare favorable with
those of today.
This was the real start of Christmas
trees In New York
The record. (Greenville, Ky.) 1899-1???, 1918-07-04
BY GARRETT SMITH.
italy is queen Of the air.
VOL. XIX. NO. %

Italy is queen Of the air.
England's defense of the sea with
her Mammoth Navy; Frances heroic
infantry checking the first Onrush Of
the Hun at the Marine and at Verdun !;
Americas vast contribution of ma
terials and money in the past and Of
fighting reserves in the future, are
matched by Italy's contribution to the
allied air navy, which will determine
as much as any one factor our final
victory over the Teutonic Powers.
The general public, amazed at the
marvellous performances of Italy's air
fleet during Cadorna'S drive over the
Alps, at the record breaking feats of
Resnati, Laureati and DAnnunzio
and at the wonderful mechanical
achievements of the great Caproni and
Pomilio planes, still have little realiza-
ton of the vast scope of Italy's
achievement in aviation since she en-
tered the war three years ago.
In February, 1915, there were in all
Italy only 100 aeronautical workmen.
When that country entered the war a
few weeks later she possessed alto
gether only so flying machines and
those mostly of the French type. But
the Italy of poets and singers is also
the Italy of mechanical genius, of Mar
conf and Tesla, of Caproni and PO-
milo. Seeing with q clear vision that
the fate of civilization lay largely in
the supremacy of the air, and particu-
larly the need of air defense for her
own long coast line, her statesmen set
out to build new industry from the
ground up. They gathered together o
vast number of men of energy and Gre
ati,aa 2t.iIity in order that they might
Dting their contributions OF research,
invention and technical knowledge to
a development of those machines Of
offense and defense with which battles
The record. (Greenville, Ky.) 1899-1???, 1918-07-04

In differentiation the best Italian
machine is the Macchi, that for recon-
naiSsance work, having a speed of
over 100 miles an hour, and the fight
ing machine having q speed of 125
miles an hour. A POmilio plant re-
Gently put out q 900 II. 2. machine
with a speed of 157 miles an hour,
capable of climbing 10000 feet in six
minutes.
Giovanni Caproni, creator of the ia
nous CaprOni machine, is planning to
build after the war a fiier carrying 80
passengers, with which he expects to
cross the Atlantic in 4S hours. In
fact, he had hopes at one time Of ess
tablishing during the latter part OF
this year a Paris to Washington mail
route, flying by way of Portugal, the
Azores, Newfoundland and New York
City. The longest leg of this trip over
water is 1,195 miles, which, he says, is
we'll within the range of the present
Caproni machine. 1t would be a strik-
ing repetition of history if the nation
which gave us Columbus, the first man
to sail to the new world by water,
should also furnish the first to follow
that route by air.
Not only in building, but in handling
aeroplanes have Italians eXcelled. One
of the worlds records taken by an
Italian was the feat of Captain GiuliO
Laureati who established Lew
long distance flight record by flying
more than 900 miles without stopping
from Turin to Naples and return In
August, 1917. Lieutenant Resnati as
tonished Americans during his flights
here by going up 1900 feet with IS
men on board at Newport News and
by flying from Mineola to Langley
Field, near Newport News, distance
or go miles, with ten passengers
aboard.
Excel in DirigibIes Also.
Not only in heavier than air ma
chimes, but in the dirigible lighter than
air type has Italy eXcelled. The For
Ianni dirigibIe has record of lifting
four tons of bombs 1873 feet as
against the best Zeppelin record of
! 1923 feet with a similar load. As
submarine chaser her non-rigid type
of dirigibie has been very effective.
We cannot say what will happen in
the very near future, but we can af-
firm that italian technical men, fully
realizing the always increasing exigen-
cies of war and the value of aviation
in the war, are continuing to work for
ever newer and more powerful types
which Will in the future enable Italy
and her allies to keep that supremacy
i'll the air. .t;F.sf !
The record. (Greenville, Ky.) 1899-1???, 1918-07-04

rapid-firing guns. Italian designers by
synchroniZing propeller revolutions
with machine gun-fire have placed ma
chine guns on planes that fire 600
shots a minute through the propellers,
which make 1900 revolutions a min
ute, the calculation being such that no
shots strike the propeller-one shot
passing between the blades with every
two turns of the propeller. In addi-
ton to the machine guns a multitude
of bomb throwing, position finding and
other devices of great utility in battle
and in commandments have been per-
fected by Italian genius.
Italy has developed the best type of
machine for each class of war work.
Those for night bombardment are the
Caproni biplane Of 450 and 600 Fl. P.
and the Caproni triplane of GOO II. 2.
These planes have an average speed of
about 100 miles an hour and carry
large load of bombs. For day bonn
bardment one of their most efficient
machines is the Sia type, with one en-
CINE of 700 Fl. P, which develops an
average speed of 125 miles an hour
and has capacity 1Of IOO pOunuS Oh
bombs.
Glasses of Fighting Machines.
One of the best italian machines for
reconnaissance work is the POmilio
two scatter of 800 II. P, with speed
of 125 miles per hour, carrying two
machine guns and a large load of
bombs. Similar to this is the 300 81. z.
Sia Besides this, they possess for
rapid work a Sva biplane, a single
scatter of $50 II. P. and a speed of 130
miles. Italy's best fighting planes are
the Pomilio single scatter of 2S0 IL. p,
with protective arInor and carrying
two In;tcnIiSe guns with a spGIT OF 10
miles an hour, and the Ansaldo single
seaters of 250 II. P, with speed of
$50 miles.
The record. (Greenville, Ky.) 1899-1???, 1918-07-04

are being fought today. AS a result
Italian aviation has established new
record in the history of industry.
A New Born Industry.
To the immense and famous Italian
Industrial centeTS, already strongly
organized and active in general auto
mobile construction, was added the
new industry Of aeroplane construc-
ton. AS result Italy today has over
10000 experienced workmen in this
field, and her government possesses
over 5000 military and naval planes
and is supplying others to her allies
by the hundreds. Many Of the planes
America has sent to the French front
were made in Italy, and italian planes
are being shipped here for the training
of our aviatOrS.
Such firms as Fiat have accomplish
ed marvellous results in a short time.
This concern turned out a 700 II. p.
aerial engine, and other firms devel-
oped successful engines of 16O, 200 II.
p, etc. The big PomiliO plant was
erected in three months time Today
there are more than % aerOplane fac
tories in Taly, and that country has
the distinction Of producing the fastest
aeroplane in the world, the fastest
seaplane, the largest flying machine
and the best climber
A great secret of Italy's success was
the large and powerful engines she
had already perfected in her autOmO-
bile industry. These engines, develop
ing from 500 to 700 II. z. and later 500
H. p. and over, made possible the
building OF much larger planes than
had ever before been supposed posi-
BILE.
,Italy's a"Toplane plants have been
kept in operation, Notwithstanding adj
verse conditions, such as lack of coal
when wood was substituted for power
generation, and the buildings in which
the Deople worked were so cold that
varnish would not dry. Another great
obstacle was the lack of chemicals
Right here Italy pays a tribute tc
America. It was American raw ma
teriaI that made this great develop,
ment possible.
Record Breaking Planes.
New designs of aerOpianeS are being
turned out constantly by the italian
factories. One of her machines produc
ed last year is capable of carrying II
tons. ShehaspIanes capable of carrying
a crew of - men and is now develop
ing one with a capacity of 90 men anC
a horsepower of 5000. She also has
planes capable Of travelling more thar
e -,
Italian type Of machines carries nine
The record. (Greenville, Ky.) 1899-1???, 1918-07-04
soc. PER YEAR, IN ADVANCE

.zZs,()()U Mile ! est !
You lo Of that the Maxwell Motor Carts distance
have 5paen
nights without stopping
an average speed M CT Is niles 1'i per hours sss TIC
Do know that other the world has quaed
that performance?
In you seriously you
Or did selling stunt the publicity something
It's worth while and the conditions which that
AG3 the oa abter Of Every automobile te@ and contest
5u apePo Do M @ a ; his se @
That's why there AA.A. Official Rcod
This 22 2ooOne Maxwell official from to finish
Therein lies its
absolutely quality
For verify this "stocA" Maxwell. Listen:
First the inspectors @ motor see that no special pn valves
supervision.
anu % ~ asked r on 5 the a I c % aeauons against 10
Sounds reasonable, doesn't it?
But they refused permission thing
1- rubber the
They tape ignition ternns-they taped on
the Maxwels we seI-so of it wasn't Stock
na % tan they M use "a spiral spiral ed @ in Place the @
unrerniting vibraton~t Its isn't u "stocE stock A' ~ '' ~ "
@ aaS ss 5 r;5 ss % @ e7 ss 95 F" we" made
% S % the % gSsm s e sa5 to y n e 9 I U ns o sa
special permit to carry spare
tsn'tst tisntst
caed anything condition the standard stock model Maxwell
that 5000 anywhere.
Ay that on @ t sas a record must do under official
And it will have
performed
Maxwell complied with rules-and made good.
the inspectors themselves, They would
checking
And it o re on
And
another in-day
night Tor A days nights!
There technical
1t interesting to the circumstances
the road ahead
In his collision the Maxwell stalled
At least the thought stopped and reported
had indeed staled) when the clutch was let in
realize well made
gasoline
guaranteed by the A. A.A
CBy the nearly 10000 miles tire)
ANY Maxwell interested those records.
Andheres wonderful
foreconomy the Maxwell p miles gallon gasoline
Some
equal them all in the that be Maxwell.
The weekly Alaska citizen., 1918-06-10
RULING IN S-H0UR LAW
 IS SUSTAINED

The following letter was received by District Attorney Roth in one of the last mails and, as can be deduced by it's contents, the deci- sion of the court for the Fourth division is sustained and that the eight-hour law is not valid:
 Department of Justice Washington, D. C., May g, 1918. "R. F. Roth. Esq,
 United States Attorney,
 Fairbanks, Alaska. "Sir:
 T am wiring you today as fol- lows: Tn case of the United States versus Northern Commercial com- pany and George A. Coleman, my telegram April twenty-second direct ing writ of error is hereby revoked. If writ already sued out you need take no further steps to perfect it. Further reflection has convinced the department that the writ of error could not be successfully prose- cuted in this case. You will pro- ceed accordingly
 Respectfully,
 JNO. w. DAVIS,
 Solicitor General"