davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
TULSA COUNTY PILES
UP BIG REGISTRATION
More Than $1,000 Men Place Names
ON Waiting List OF Uncle sam,
Precincts are Crowded

Not unlike an old.tlme election
day, ;he regular voting places In
tho various precincts OF Tulsa were
crowded all day yesterday 60 their
| fullest capacity with men waiting IN
line 20 place their names on Uncle
sans waiting list There was not
a moments let-up at any Of the reg
strauun places aud extra men had
all they could do all day 70 keep up
with tho work.
Tulsa oounty'a 81 registratio ion
booths II is believed. win show a
registration IN excess Of $4,000 There
were supplies distributed from the
local board 20 take care Of 10000
and 10 ls believed that there will be
no moro than g 900 sets returned
Until this afternoon there will be
no accurate count OF the registration
in this county Reports all are to be
IN TO the local board by o'clock
this morning, and II Is believed n
will take until noon with the fast
est work. 90 check up the returns,
provided counts from all the registra-
tion places have been reported cor
rectly
Judging from reports from Ken
dall. which is precinct number 2I,
there viii he a greater percentage
Of men amenahle TO cali for service
than was at first believed In this
prsainct there were 350 men regis
tered and i67 Of them are under the
age OF S6. This means men who
are amcnable to draft in the near
future, subject. OF course. to their
exemption claims.
II Will be in the nelEhhorhood ~
two weeks before the questionnairos
will be mailed out TO tho registrants.
II was thought for n TIME that they
would he given out as the regista-
tions were made. but this was found
to hs impracticahle Allowing
week for return 10 the local board
of questionnaires. and then a month
for classification. IL will be some.
thing like month and n half be.
fore the registrunts will receive no
tification as 10 what class they are
placed as regards the draft.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13

LONDON, Sept. i2.-Amerloan
troops an tho Lorraine front have
captured tho towns OF Thlaucourt.
PanneH and Nousard,
North of e.. Mlhisi General Perish.
ing's forcca have captured Comhrea
They are reported 20 have reached
the western outskirts OF Donmartin
IN MontaEns
French troops, cooperating with
the Americans IN their drive on the
81 Mihiei salient have reached the
western outskirts of 81 Mlhiel.
The Americans attacked on a IL
mile front from Fey-en-Hay 10
NiVray and made an advance AZ it's
greatest depth Of live miles
Thlaucourt was captured early IN
the drive. Ff6m that town tho bat
tie limo runs a little 70 the south Of
Boillonwlle then 20 Pnnnes and
Nonaard, which were captured 10
hois de Gargantua and north pf
M0ptscc
American cavalry patrols are
moving In the direction Of Nigneul-
les, ten miles northeast ~ ~ Mihiel
Al St Mihicl. where the French
have reached the western outskirts
the Germans are making strong
resistance The Germans Stili hold
Roman fort which ~ now being at
tackled boy the French. Northwest OF
patrols are reported 10 be operating
on thc road north Of the Bois Com
muuauN
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
FIRST AMERICAN
ARMY IN ACTION.

ny The Associated Prs,s.
The American First army, under
command Of General Psrhhlng. q In
action against the Germans on \
twenty-mile front on the famous st
Mlhiel salient In Lorraine, which
had stood a sharp wedge In the
French line southeast OF Vordun
since the commencement OF the war
In the preliminary thrust. ground
was gained on both sides Of the tri.
angle and also at It's apex AZ 81
Americans, with whom some French
troops are brigaded. we're fast
sweeping across the salient In on
effort TO close the mouth OF the bis
pocket before the Germans can extri-
cate themselves from the perilous po-
Hltion they are IN as result OF the
suddennces Of The blow and the ele-
mout of surprise II carried with H.
Although the advance Of the Amer.
leans was swift and sure and gains
eScess Of four miles on the southern
side of the battle were made. the
cavuSy far outstripped the tanks and
ioolmcn ana was last reported oper-
atlng along the railroad near Wig
neulleE. almost IN the center Of the
"a lieut ana some ton miles north
west of Pont-R NJ ousson. through the
forests and along the railway line
running northward 20 Met3. the great
German fortuss. tho southern, outer
Qualifications of which are less than
ten miles distant
several Towns Taken.
Tlaucourt ROuiilonville. Pannes
and several other towns IN the south |
WcrO captured ln the initial dash. !
while ON the west a. the northern |
edge ~ tho pocket the village OF
rombrcs was captured and the en-.
yirona Ot Dommarun Ia Mowagnc |
wers reached TO tho south every /
Vhcr, tho Americans penetrated into /
me heights OF the MeuSe and the I
French fought their way into the /
outskirts of So Mimel Unofficial /
.cpart arc FOO the effect that the |
own has beon rccapiured by tho |
French.
The fighting front A. the com
ncncemcut of tb- battle aggregated |
wenty inilcE-cight miles on the
,o.teru side and twelve OIL tho /
COSTtNutp on PAGE TIN
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
NJ M'CORMICK'S LEAD
GROWS IN ILLINOIS
Indications Point 10 Plurality of slN-
ty-Fight Thousand over Thomp-
A1n, HprdwiCk Overwhelmed

CHICAGO, Sept i..--Latesi 70.
turns tonight from wednesday =
senatorial primary election In mi
nois with Chicago Indicate a plurality
for Medil Mccormick Of 5000 over
Mayor william Hale Thompson
Thompson carried Chicago by 1895
tho total vote of $4,000 heing about
equal TO the plurality by which
Thompson was elected mayor
with six hundred precincts miss.
ing from down state. Mccormick q
plurality outside of Chicago tonight
was 6i, i,465. with indications Of reach
lng $4,000 on complete returns. To.
days returns bore out the results
indicated last night for all import
antaoffICes
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
German Peace Drive Gets Under Full
Suing With Report of Arnisfce Plan

WASHINGTON, sept i7.--Ot-
fiCial dispatches today from
France sav that the general cam
paign and peace maneuver Of
which the speech today Of Em
peror william is regarded. as a
part II being extended to neutral
countries German press agencies
are supplying special articles and
Information on the subject 10 the
newspapers Of German procliyities
IN Holland the scandinavian cOun-
tries and switzerland The dis
patches say that the German con
'ceryative leader ErzbcrEer. iden-
titled I'm the past with other peace
movementa. has turned up In Co
penhaEen whore AScandinavian
parliamentary conference is 20
take place and that the Dutch so
cialist-pacif.st Troels'ras. has In
clpdcd germany, ON return trip 10
Holland
Dispatches say some light is
thrown upon the veiled utterance
Of Count Burian n few days ago
that there might he opportunities
for ga calm exchange ~ views
some sort on direct Information
iisrussIor which will be f1- from
being peace neg0uatans.' by
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
HEARINGS WILL BE HELD
ON STEEL WAGE DISPUTE

wAsHTNGTON sept 12.-Hear-
ings will be held tomorrow by the
national wAr labor board ON the com
plalnt OF employees OF Bethlehem, Pa.
steel works that the Bethlehem Steel
corporation has failed 20 apply the
wage award granted by the board,
effective last August / This decis-
Ton was reached today after receipt
OF a telegram from tho corporation
which lis understood 20 have failed
20 answer satisfactory message
sent hy the board earlier in the day
asking what steps had been taken
60 puf the award into effect
Eugene G.. Grace. chairman OF the
board OF the Bethlehem corporation,
was expected 90 arrive here tomor-
row 10 attend the hearings.
Representatives of the men said
today that unless a satisfactory ad-
iustmcni of the award - made soon
q general strike az the plant is prob
able
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13

what In regarded as An Inspired ar
ticie In the Dutch press which the.
German authorities have taken
pains 10 publish IN Germany
This article saws that the two
emperors, at their recent Confer
encc decided that the time would
be ripe, at1he beginning of winter
when an way operations would he
pnralyzed 10 propose an srmiH-
uce instead of straight peace
conference. and adds that the pro-
posal ~ an armisiice I'm itself
might be an indication that Ger.
many not only was ready 10 free
Belgium and Indemnity her from
an international fund. but also 20
discuss the evacuation of northern
France ana the restitution ~ Gpra
, man colonies and even to settle the
Alsace Lorraine problem In % way
TO save Ftcpch feellnEs Finally.
on condition Of certain indemnitleg
and concessions Germany might
aonsent 60 revise the Brcgt Ltaopsk
treaty
n This proposal FOR an armlstlco
is rejected. the Dutch paper holds.
that the moral position OF Ger
many would be greatly strength
CneL
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
Over Thirteen Million Enroll to swell
Americas Forces 10 Help I. s..
Commander
PATRIOTISM MOST MARKED
Demonstration Attend second Great
Mobilization of Fighting Iurrc
to 60 10 France
ION TO BERLIN" IS SHOUT
New Nork's Millions Arc Thrilled a.
They GO 90 Booths nv News
From st. Mihicl Front

WASHINGTON, sept i2-Thir-
teen million mon, probably more the
force from which will come the re-.
serves 10 win me war we're regis
tered today In the second great mob
illzation Of the nations man power
As these men were moving IN every
city town and hamlet over the couu-
try 10 add their names 20 tho roll ~
the I 100000 who registered before
the nstlon's fighting army overseas
was hurlins Itself against the enemy
in tho fret distinctly American Of
tensive operation on the western
front.
Demonstrations NJ patriotism
Everywhere marked the registration
Provost Marshal General Crowder ls
eontlden, that when the returns are
In they viii show that there we're
fcw who sought Ia evade their duty
In an the reports ~ the progress
Of the registration received during
the day a. tho provost marshal gen
erals office there was no suggestion
ot any disorder Officials had been
confident that the deeds Of the fight
ing men overseas had stirred the ma
ton TO the highest pitch Of patriot
ism and determination
with the registration day now his.
tory. the next move OF the draft ma
chlnerv viii be IN the numbeTing
serially OF the registration cards TN
til that work is completed by the To-
ca boards the drawing of the order
number which will determine in a
measure the relative standing of the
registrants.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
Countrywide Raid
for SidckerS win
be Started at Once

WASHINGTON, sept IA
nationwide effort "a roundup
uen who failed go register for tho
draf' today VIII be started imme
ulat'ly by . specially organized
corps OF department Of justice
agents This corps. II was learned
today haE been In process of NJ
Fn1iEaNon for some time
Methods have been developed
inr gathering Information from
hundreds ot sources about men
within th't new draft age who
failed tn respond Many volun.
lcer members ~ the American
Protective league are understood
'o have enlisted In the new cam
rllgn against draft dodgers and
lt virtually VIII be impossible FOR
.iackers 90 evado arrest
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
BRITISH MAKE
PROGRESS 10 CAMBRAI

LONDON sept. 1.-THE British
have made further important prog
resH toward Cambrai. having cap
tured the towns OF Havincourt. Tres
ctult aud Mouvres, penetrated into
the old british defense limo st Fe,.
cfal places and crossed the canal du
Nufd north OF HaVncourt, accord
ing to Field Marshal HaiFs com
munitBton issued tonight Approx
Wurtly 1000 Germ1nH were made
prisoners I'm tho operations.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
KAISER JOINS IN
DRIVE FOR PEACE
Emperor Tells Krupps Work
men lie Leaves No Hand
Unturned.
BLAME is PUT ON ALLIES
William Says Nation Ready 10
Talk But Enemy" Wants
TO Crush People.
ENVY IS CAUSE OF IT ALL
Jealousy Of "Kultur' and
Hun Achievements Is Rea-
son He Says.
BLAME is PUT ON ALLIES
ENVY IS CAUSE OF IT ALI

AMSTERDAM. Fept 13-Speak
ing at the Krupp muniuon works at
Essen. Emperor william declared
that everyone IN the rcmoteu corner
OF the fatherland knew that no had
left no stone unturned 10 shorten
tho war far as possible for your
people and Tor the entire civilized
European world"
Tho emperor said n took two 20
make peaco-thht ono could not do
II unleas no could overcome the
other Germany. he declared. was
confronted with her enemies viii 10
destroy her and she must place
against this her determination 10
preserve her existence.
After mentioning his offers OF
peace the emperor said that the Ger
man leaders had made ~ plain 10
everyone who wished 10 understand
that We are az all tines ready 10
offer the hand OF peace
In beginning hts address the EN-
pcror expressed Imperial thanks 10
tho officials and workmon OF the
plant He continued:
Everyone Of you In the remotest
corner OF the fatherland knows
left no stone unturned 10 shorten
the war as far as possible for you
and your people and for the entire
civilized European world In De.
ocmber. 1915, presented the enemy
public with n clear and unambiguous
offer OF peace in the nhmA OF the
German empire and my allies. Jeers
mockery and contempt were the
answer
Ready for Peace.
He up above knows my sense OF
rosponsibility. Repeatedly during
The past months the responsible lead
ors OF the imperial government have
biguously given to understand
everyone who wished TO understand,
that we arc ready az all times 10
offer the hand OF peace"
The Emperor declared the nnswer
Of Germany'R enemy was tho out
spoken will 10 destruction, the dis
integrauon. the crushing OF Ger
many
ITO make peace" he added. two
arc necessary, II either Is unwilling
the other cannot. prosuminE that he
does not overthrow tho other. Thus
we afe confronted with the enemy's
absolute will 10 destruction. And
against this absolute will 10 des-
truction We must place our absolute
will 10 preserve our existence
"Our brave army out there has
shown you this will and decd. when
over. IN assault or withdrawal, or
trench fighting, the only thing that
CONTINUED on PACE FIVE.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
BY The Associated Press.


WITH THE AMERICAN ARMY ON THE LORRAINE
FRONT, Sept l2(3 p m)The Americans in their drive
reached the first obecves at points hour ahead of
scheduled time Seven hundred prisoners have already been
taken.
All along the line the advance has been carried out on
schedule Near Mazeras the troops went ahead against
machine gun fire by crawling and were sent to their
aid.
To the north of Les Eparges hill and the neiehbornp hill
822 were capured Of the enemy surrendered
the latter place
The American casualties have been remarkably low
tSx o'clock p m)St Mihie has been recaptred bv the
French, according 70 the unofficial information here
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
AMERICANS GAIN
SAYS PARIS REPORT.

PARIS, Sept. 1.-THE American
army attacked this morning in the
region OF "a Mihlel. The operation
" developing under the best Of con-
dlilons
This announcement was made by
the war office tonight
West of ST. Quentin. IN oo-opera-
ton with the British" the statement
adds. I'VE advanced as far a. tho
Holnon SaNy road" (About three
miles west of st. Quontn)
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
HEAVY LOSSES GIVEN
on SURPRISE ATTACK.

PARIS. sept II American forces
Iu th. course ~ tho last twenty four
hours have accomplished n series ~
bold strokes ln Lorraine and in the
Nnsrcs American dtttchmcntH made
surprise attack 0n the German pn-
siiuns 100 many po'nia and psnsfra.
tea 'hr enemy lines M tlWc places.
meeting with hui feeble Resistance.
Having NJ some places reached the
German support line tho Americans.
ln nrrurd1nca with orders they had
rreeIt'd retired They destroyed am
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
MISS RANKIN
Will Run AGAIN.

HELENA. Mont. sept l2 Miss
jeanette Rankin. defeated In the
August primary for the Republican
nomination by Dr q NJ. IAnstrum,
will make the race for United states
senator from Montana as candidate
OF the National party She received
127 votes ns the National party can
didats a. the primary her name be-
ing written on the ballot
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
lyman is NAMED
IN COLORADO NOTE.

DENVER. Col, Sept i2-Thomas
y lyman warden Of the Colorado
state popitentlary. VIII be the Dem
ocratlc candidate for governor this
fan Reports coming In today from
Tuesdays primaries increased ry-
nan s lead over Gov. julius G. Gunter
and confirmed his uomipation
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13

WASHINGTON. Sept l2--Lowsr
rates on velvet beans and their meal
copra meal and soya bean meal from
Memphis 20 Arkansas oklahoma
and points I'm Louisiana west ~ the
Mississippi equal 10 rates on cotton
seed meal have been authorized Oy
the railroad administration 10 fuc,lI-
tate movement ~ these commodities
as stock feed Heretofore thev have
not moved normally IN this direction
and existing rates were prohihtiye.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
WILSON ASKS STRIKING
MACHlNISTS 10 RETURN

WASHINGTON. sept 12 ~ COM
municnuon hy President Wilson to-
day to the striking maChinists and
toolmakers OF bridgeport Conn. fg
understood 20 call upon them aF pa
friotic citizens 20 return tp their
work IN war plants and 20 solve their
problems along lines laid down by
the war labor board.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13

the material they were unable 20
carry away and blew up the machine
gun shelter. concrete block houses
ana munitions dspots German
heavy shells reached isolatsd points
but tardily and insfflcisntly,
The Americans IN the courss Of
these operations inflicted heavy
losses on tho enemy. on the whole
OF the front there was a sustained
reciprocal bombArdment.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
Americans Led by Pershng Capture 5000 Germans Go Five
Miles and Sweep Many Towns in First Yan Blow at St Mhi
The Weather

TULSA, Sept ~
Maximum. a. mini
mum. az sOutl
Winds and clear
OKLAHOMA Tor
Friday and Saturday
fair not mucl
fhangs in teInPsrs
tufe
LOUISIANA Foi
FRIDAY and satntda,
fair. not much
change 10 tsmpsTA
tufe
D. ST TEXAS
Friday and Saturds,
fair not muci
change in tempcra
tuts
vs. T. ST TEXAS
FRIDAY aud SATURDAY
fair. not much rhang'
"a Temperature
ARK ANSAS iol
FRIDAY and SATURDAY
. In temperature
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
GERMANS HAVE
LITTLE TO SAY.

BERLIN, via London. Sept. IA
The German high command has NJ.
Tie 10 say Of the American drive In
the b. Mihiel sector. merely men
uoninG the attack In itH official COM
munioatlon tonight and the fact that
fighting Ia still going on.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
This Is Pershinq's Birthdag

To-day be- J.
with peshng marching
toward Berlin. Tulsa E u the right huunor TO celebrate
Tonight tho Victory
sing the that All the old the
ONES Ever, unuo Tulsa should help
wrklb
Eysnhiue b. readiness The
he good trim WIN bc there
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
Japan VIII Recognize
Czcch-SLOUdks Shortly

By The Associated Press
TOXIC Thursday Sept 5--A gov
erunlrnt statement formally recog-
nlzlng the Czecho- Slovaks aA Coz
belhgcreuts against Germany and
Ausro- Hungary Is expected 10 be
issued shortly
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13

MANCHEsTTR. ENGLAND Sept i2
Nothing but heart failure on the
part n The British nation can pre-.
vent our achieving real victory"
said rNmicr Lloyd George. speaking
today at Manchester.
The premier said that the British
casualties IN tho last offensive In
France were one nth 0i what they
were In 1915
Premier LLOYD George said he wau
all for q league Of nations and that
I'm fact league already had been
begun The British empire. he said
was a league of free nations and that
the allied countries fighting the
battle Tor international right were
now league OF free nations
To end an ware the premier said
we must impose durable peace
from our enemies The Prussian
military power must not only be
beaten but Germany herself must
know and tho German people must
know that their rulcfa have OUTRAGED
tho laws ~ humanity aad that rrua-
sian strength cannot protect them
from punishment"
The Last War.
This must be the last war" Mr.
LLOYD George Said. Don't let Us be
mislod by The establishment of a
league of nations without power will
In self secure the world AGAINST
catastrophe A league OF nations
with tho -prusslan military power
triumphant would Ne % league of ,ox
and geeso.--one foN and many geese
The geese would greatly diminish In
numb bers"
The only surs foundation for a
leagueaof nations the premier said
was victory for the allies Peace
must be Of a kind he added. that
commenda itself 10 the common
sense conscience ~ the nations AZ
a whole II must not be dlslated by eN
ircme men on either side
Continuing thu premier said
We shall neither accept Tor our
selves nor impose upon our foes
BrcH' Litovgk treaty
We cannot allow the 'holshevlka
10 forcSon us n peace 40 humiintinF
as 10 dehonor tho national fling and
10 make a repetition Of tho horrors
OF this war inevitable when sat
lsfactorv peace has bcen secured
CONTINUED ON FACE TIN
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13

CHICAGO. Sept o. Ur Trukin
LLOYD Jones was horn 100 Cardigan
shire. South NClles. I'm 1898 he
calue 20 Chicago lp 1852 Ba pastor
Of An Souls ,church 1nd was sserc-
hry ~ the worlds religious p1rli1-
mrut lu 1902
pr Jones was best known f1r hls
advocacy of peace nt any price and
Tor his opposition to war. Tie was
% member of tho Ford peace party
and was placed nj me head, of u
after the arrival Ht Stockholm, hay.
iug succeeded Charles Akeb
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
All Idle Locomotives
Are PrussidR Soldiers

ALTOONA. Pa sept i2.-Appcl-
Ing TO a great gathering or railroad
shopmen here TO do their utmost.
Director General McAdoo declared
that every idle locomotive was a
pruaslan soldier.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
First Army on 20-Mile Front in Lorraine
Is Closing Pocket of Hun Salient
Held Since Wars Beginning.
BOTH SIDES OF TRIANGLE ARE BEING CRUSHED
Thiaucourt and Combres Taken; Line to Metz,
10 Miles Distant, is Reached; Huns Are
Surprised; Haig Nearer Cambria

WASHINGTON, Sept. I2-Ameriean IN troops oper.tn,
IN the ST. Mhie sector made considerable gains TODAY
Genera" PerShing reported his eommunique to the war
department late tonight Already eight thousand pr.-
oners have been counted and the movement still ia In
progress.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-09-13
MEMBER OF FORD PEACE
DIES At MADISON, WIS

MADISON. Wis Sept 10 Tho
Rnr Ienkin Lloyd Jones ~ rh.raEo
died late today 5t Tower mn WIS
Death waa due io shock following am
operation