davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-03


- his dream of Judea restored
is no less iridescent than the visions
81 the greater prophets who. pcering
INTO the future with the eyes Of the
Jewish soul. behold the wonderful era
Of Righteousness and human brother
hood that VIII come "in the end of
the days
Insisting upon justice and equality
n their own day. ceaselessly summon
ing their people to the performance Of
their duties, the seers stepped in an
cient lore ard forever brooding under
the inspiring Eastern skies saw the
time when nation shall not lift up
sword against nation" and when rea-
son and love shall reign supreme upon
the earth. The belief that these days
will come to pass was Of the essence
of Judaism from the beginning, and in
the predictions OF the fulhlment Of
this hope the prophets poured forth
their fiery faith and glowing enthusi-
assn in words and sentences, in smiles
and symbols that have stirred the
hearts OF men as no other utterances,
and they have made the Hebrew litera-
ture an abiding source Of homage and
admiration.
And Judaism, which with its daugh-
ter religions has laid the foundations
OF modern civilization, has throughout
the career Of the Jewish people re
manned inseparably bound up with the
birthplace Of Jewish teaching and in
spiration, The homeland OF Zion. The
temple was destroyed By the brutal
forces of Titus; the inhabitants of
Palestine were driven to all the -four
corners o. the Garth; havens of refuge
were found by them; communities were
built up wherein the cherished faith
was practised in all It's original forms;
the Hebraic spirit found expression,
even though in languages other than
its own. But throughout the soul of
the Jewish people hardened back to
the scenes of its first unfoldment,
throughout It drew sustenance from
the hallowed memories Of old and de-
rived strength from belief in the ulti-
mate revival OF the Jewish spirit. cul-
mirating in Tichiath Ha'am, the resur-
rection Of the people. Israel the
s7ah Law, and the Holy One, blessed
re He, are One" says the Talrud,
and by the SAME token is the sacred
sosl of Palestine bound up with the
holy traditions Of Judaism and the
whole system Of Jewish teachings.
"shree gifts did the Holy One. blessed
y, he, confer On Israel says Rabbi
ahamon, the son Of Yohay. "and none
Of these did lie proder them except 1T
he price OF suffering. These three are
the Ioran, the land Of Israel and the
Clam eha-Ba, the world-to-come"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-03

not on active service. The French arc
an economical people. Though they
insist on good cooking, they eat less.
IN bulk, than the British, the Germans
or the Americans SO this ration is
slightly smaller than the liberal allow
ance of the American or British sol
der Still, it is enough. Later in the
game Il was established that French
prisoners in Germany were not getting
the same treatment; that, in fact, they
received far less food than the Ger
man reservists or idle troops. The
French maintain that their only way
of protecting comrades in German
hands is to take reprisals, and to
threaten more reprisals, against the
prisoners which they hold. The Ger
mans cut down the meat ration for
French prisoners to IS grams a
day. The French at the time were Civ
ing their German captives 250 grams
day. When, after representations
through neutral channels. the French
failed to get any adjustment Of this
matter they adopted the reprisal pol
icy and cut down the ration for Ger
man prisoners to sc grams
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-03
Judaism Not
Merely a Religion

Devotion to the Law went hand in
hand with devotion to the land. and
every revival of the idea of the return
every plan of Jewish restoration
aroused hopes of the renascence of
Judaism, the rebirth of the Jewish
spirit, the triumph of the teachings
which the prophets foretold would see
their ascendancy with the redemption
Of Zion. And Judaism as presented
By the greatest teachers and prophets
is not in the accepted sense of the
term merely religion, body of alb
stract IDEAS concerning the invisible,
but rather a system of ideas and
ideals, conception of life covering all
the spheres of human activity, and
finding concrete expression in human
institutions, with nation, common
wealth as its largest instrument for
service.
"The fundamental idea Of Jewish
prophecy, justice and righteousness
presupposes definite social order
such as can only be realized in q body
DC.itlC. Ana 10 ItdlLZC IuciI larger
destiny, to express again their genius
for social justice, to live their own
lives on higher moral and intellect
ual plane and to again make Judaism
or the Hebraic spirit a vital force in
life, the Jews prayed and hoped and
ultimately worked and fought for the
restoration Of their nationality on its
historic soil
have indicated how the Hebrew
languagc has been fostered and how
Hebrew literature has been cultivated
throughout the dispersion, and how
this has scrved to keep alive the jew
ign national consciousness and to kim
die the hope for tho restoration of
Zion. In the largest and most notable
Jewish settlements in history impor-
tant centres of learning, religious and
cultural actlYi.ica we're established, and
the chronielcrs Of tie various Jewries
In different lands tell US Of the times,
yhen under favorable circumstances
Ike the babylonian, the Arabic. this
Spanish and other periods, In which
Jewish literature and scholarship -four
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-03
~ VIII Irwin

4 SGARCHi~G investigation Of
~ conditions among the German
prisoners in France is manifest
~ impossible for one who hopes to
co anything else during the period
Of the war. The 100000 or more Ger
mans and Austriaus held prisoners by
the French are scattered all over the
country, from the lines to the Midi
Also, they are arranged, to great
extent. in small groups. sometimes of
only five or ten men. For civilians
transportation.i difficult, and especial
~ in winter. As matter Of fact,
Il searching investigation would take
man furnished with an automobile
with unlimited petrol, and with ali
special passes, from SIX months to 4
year. Such conditions are fulfilled fol
the investigators of the Swiss En-
bassy, who look after the prisoners on
behalf of Germany; and the work keeps
two or three men continually busy.
Unable, for lack Of time, to make
an investigation Of this kind, | have
chosen the next best course Provided
with blanket order from the French
ministry of war-an order virtually
permitting me to visit any camp at
any time-I have looked into five of
the larger camps in three main dis
tlicts and into several OF the smaller
cnes In every case but one l made
these visits without previous warming
of my coming, in order to see the
prisons. not when they were arranged
for visitors, but in their ordinary rou-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-03
Merely to Live There
An Act of Piety

The rabbis believed that Palestine
was the ordained land of the Torah
the Law. and they proclaimed that
the mere act Of living therein was al
act Of pie:y. ~Wouldst thou behold
the Shekhina tthe divine light Of Gods
glory Then study the Torah IN the
land 81 Israel" says the Midrash. and
tae Miahnah 9roclaims that Palestine
"a TIE hottest Of all countries" Again
The Holy Temple built or destroyed,
the Sheknina never moved from that
place, as God promised at the dedica-
ton Of the Temple; mine eyes and
mine heart shall be there pcrpet-
ually.'o
To speak Ill Of Palestine was re-
garded as a cardinal sin. The wicked
King Assur merited the title Of "The
great and noble Asnspper" because he
refra.ned from abusing the Holy Land
and held it in az much esteem az
Babylon when he said, u viii come and
take you away to land Ike your own
land" In many different ways did the
fabbIs maintain their yenerat.on for
Palestine. Rabbi Johannan dccla ed
that one who walks = distance Of four
eu5tts IN Palestine may be confident Of
share IN the future world "Th he
merit Of living in Palestine equals the
merit Of observing all the Command
nents." 1t il told Of Rabbi Eleazar
Ben shammua and Rabbi Johaunan ma
Sancaias, VINO had decided TO leave Pal
es,ine 10 study under Rabbi Judah q.
feserah, that they mad gone only an far
az sidon when the thought Of the sane
Wy of Palestine overcome their regoiu-
Ton, and they shed tears, rent their gar
nssntg and turned back. Rabbi Hiyya
Zen Cammada showed his devotion by
rolling himself in the dust Of Palestine
IN conformity with the words of he
Fhairaiss: "For thy servants takc
pleasure in her stones. and favor the
aust thereof" Rabbi jose Ben Hanin
Kissed the stones If Acre. saying, "Up
this point is the land II lsrael. "
"anoi Ze'era went through the waters
" she jordan without removing his
garments.
inc holiness of Palestine attracted
ssSish settlers. nos 9nly " live, but 10
80 thsrs. Rabbi Anan says, ITO be
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-03
By Robert Sumner Vim


~ YDNEY, Australia, Feb. s.-"Dr.
Edward Haber has been appoint
ed Governor OF German New
Guinea read news dispatch from
Europe which reached Australia late
in December. And almost on the same
day that 1t appeared, Thomas J. Me
Mahon, u travelled and discerning
Australian newspaper man and lece-
urer fresh from tour OF German
New Guinea, was telling an interviewer
in Sydney Il saw a great deal of the
Germans. They are still there-very
much there. Far from relaxing their
efforts because of the Australian oc-
cupation, they are going vigorously
ahead in the firm belief that German
New Guinea viii remain German terri
tory. Somc Of them openly expressed
to me the strong belief that after the
war Australia, 20, viii be German
territory"
DR.. Edward Haber was acting Gov
ernor Of German New Guinea when
the war broke out. 1t was he who
surrendered the big and scattered
colony to the Australian Colonel
Holmes upon conditions which will be
touched upon presently. But first the
point needs emphasis that while on
parole in Sydney in November, 1914,
awaiting return to Germany via the
United States, DR.. Haber told news
paper correspondents: 81 do not think
that German New Guinea VIII be given
up. It viii be given back to us after
the war. We will keep it,
What was heard with some disbelief
in Dr. Naber's common sense in 1914
IS confirmed by the observations IF
Mr.. McMahon in 1917; and if further
confirmation We're needed there is Ber-
Inns nomination of DR.. Haber for the
post he held prior to the war. Ger
Guinea want German New Guinea.
And their hankering is a German
hankering which is unlike any other
in the world. But they reckon with
out Australia. Australia already has a
stable dependency in Papua, or Brit
ISL New Guinea, and if German New
Guinea were not German the com
monwealth might well pause before the
prospect OF further responsibilities on
the huge island. But what is to be
done with a people who breathe as
umption and talk postwar aggres-
sion? To quote SO high and just an
authority as Lord Bryce, writing IN
1916:
"Australans and New Zealandcrs
have long watched with anxiety the
actions and plans Of the German gov
eminent. They conceive, to use n col
loquial phrase, that its room is better
than its company Among the Gov
errors who have served Germany
know ut least one upright man, who
wished to rule the island with justice
and fairness all around. But neither
in the Pacific nor elsewhere las the
German power been found pleasant
or trustworthy ncighbor."
To proceed with the interview with
Mr.. McMahon: The Germans in New
Guinea he snd, fail to see that they
are going to be defeated. They Sill
hold all the interests there. They Aavc
done wonders md have proved unris-
takably that German New Guinea is
place of such resources, of such pro
spectivc wealth, that should it come
under Australian MANIFESTATION and
protection after the war it will recoup
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-03
In the Matter
Of Bread and Meat

As things have finally worked out,
the French have adopted, in this item
of meat, three regimens. The first is
known as favored" 1t is for Alsa-
tlans forcibly modified in the German
army, for the Czechs among the Aus
trian prisoners, and in general for the
members of subject races fighting for
the Central Powers against their will.
They receive 300 grams day. The
ordinary" regimen is the one follow d
at the beginning of the war, before the
action Of the Germans made reprisals
necessary. Under it live the Austrian
prisoners, since Austria is still giving
prisoners the same rations as their own
inactive troops. Il allows $50 grams
of meat a day. Finally, as mentioned
before, there is the special" regime,
made necessary by the conditions Of
the times for the Germans
The ration, to begin with. includes
600 grams of bread day-about | 1 3
pounds. This is exactly double the
quantity of bread allowed to the civil
ian workingmen Of Germany when last
| had knowledge of their food ration -
bic the allowance made by the Ger
mans to the French prisoners in their
hands. However, the French have ad
Justed that matter. They send to their
prisoners through Switzerland an extra
300 grams day, and force the Ger
mans to pay for it through the Swiss
authorities. The great loaf of brown
war bread which represents eco grams
is issued to every prisoner each morn
ing. The rest of his nourishment
comes in The form of scientifically
compounded soup of stock, grains and
vegetables, which he receives three
times GaV rr,y ''vrith car
At the noon meal he receives his Sc
grams Of meat. Eighty-six grams is a
slice about as big as the portion Of
boiled mutton, say, which would be
given one at cheap restaurant in the
United States.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-03
earnest prayers
Pioneers Are Deep
Students Of Modern Life

The hope of the revival OF the He
bralc spirit came with every recurrence
Of the idea Of Jewish national rehabil-
tation. Wish the advent Of Zionism in
modern garb as a conscious conception
of Jewish life the revived idea Of Zion
as a spiritual centre for the Jews found
philosophical expression. It's champion
and prophet was the noted Hebrew
publicist and essayist, Asher Ginzborg,
better known to the Jews on two con,
tinents under his pen name Of .Ahad
Ha-Am zone of the people,, who has
previously been mentioned as one Of
the first workers among the organized
Lovers Of Zion in Russia He was
born in Skvira, government Of kiev, in
1885, and III 1889 began to publish his
articles and essays cmbodying a new
view Of Jewish history, and in which
he ultimately outlined a school Of
thought which became known as that
of spiritual Zionism." a Hebrew
scholar Of great depth and at the same
time a profound student Of modern
life and thought, he made an especial
appeal to new generation of He
brew readers which, imbued with the
national ideal, craved higher intel
lectual Interpretation OF the undcrly-
ing principles of Zionism. The spread
of the Jewish race, Ahad Na-Am main
tanned, having inevitably loosened the
bonds Of the Law and weakened the
Hebraic spirit, which had yielded to a
less vigorous Judaism, new spiritual
centre for Judaism must needs be es-
tablished in Palestine, TO which the
Jews Of to-day in all parts of the earth
may look for inspiration and guidance
as in the olden days the Judaism of
the Diaspora looked to Jerusalem. To
this end the majority of the inhab-
itants of Palestine must be Jewish. He
differed widely from Dr. ierzl. in
that he discounted the emphasis which
the founder of modern Zionism laid
upon the economic and political as
poets OF the movement, asserting that
the largest efforts should be directed
toward the REVIVAL of Hebrew culture
and the establishment in Palestine of
permanent authoritative centre for
the Jewish spirit. In his zeal to en-
phaslze the Importance of the spiritual
revival this writer carried on many
controversies with the Zionist leaders
at the beginning Of the movement, but
he had proven his devotion to the cause
by many years of ardent labors in be-
nan CT Palestlnian activities, and be-
sides that he had himself pointed ont
that it was in the nature of the Hebrew
prophet TO be an extremist, and -was he
not the prophet of the new time:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-03
Made to Work
At F orner Trades

The number of trades found amore
100000 prisoners, mos. of them con-
scrpted from civilian life at the be
ginning OF the war, is OF course almost
infinite. The mechanics among them
are in great demand. Both as mill
tary measure and to maintain busl-
ness, the railroads of France must b.
kept running. Owing to the demand
Tor skilled labor in munition works.
the railroad shops are constantly
short Of expert mechanics to make re
pairs. The men among the Germa,.
prisoners who followed mechanical
trades in peace time have for the
greater part been turned over to the
railroads, where they work in the
shops beside native workmen and
under French foremen. Next greatest,
perhaps is the demand for carpenters !;
they put up those temporary camps.
for all kinds Of war uses. which dot
the face OF France jast now Shoe
makers and tailors, turned up in the
general combing out of the prisoners,
are set to repairing clothes and boots
both for their fellow prisoners and
for the French soldiers. Bakers are
let out 70 the military aud civilian
bakeries; butchers 90 TO the abattors
and so on through a great number
Of useful trades.
SO far as possible. prisoners are
givcn the same hours of labor as
civilian workmen. Since the war the
labor uHions have patriotically relaxed
their rules in response to the common
emergency, and the hours of labor run
from nine to ten-nine and one-half
is probably about the average. And
that is exactly the average for some
five or SIX thousand prisoners, whom
l have seen working at unloading YES
sells and trains, in the railroad shops
or in factories. Usually they start to
work at I o'clock and return at s,
with an hour and 4 half for luncheon.
In the dead of winter, when darkness
sets IN cary, they usually knocked off
work at . O'Clock, making their hours
for that period about eight and one
half.
Now we come to the more important
primitive needs--shelter, clothing and
food. Let us take them in order
The five large camps which | visited
house each between 700 and 1000 pris-
oners. III construction all are monot-
onouslY alike. A double barbed wire
ENHANCEMENT. electrically charged sur
rounds stockade-a hollow square
OF one-storv buildings. wooden but sub
stantial. They were all erected, in the
early days Of the war, by the first
patches OF German prisoners These
houses are water tight and well lighted
by day with windows and by night
with electricity. They afford, in fact,
about the same accommodations az the
bunk houses put up for our American
soldiers during their training period.
Indeed, the German prisoner has
rather the better of this arrangement.
for while our boys were stationed in
one OF the coolest parts Of France
most Of the Germans live further
south, where the climate is milder. In
only one item is the comparison un
faVoranln TO the nrisnn car,ra
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-03

/ buried in Palestine is like being buried
under the altar" All sins are consid.
cred absolved for the Jew who is buried
IN Palestine, according to The saying.
His land viii absolve HIS people"
Even Jeroboam. the most wicked King
OF israel. is to be freed from Gehinnom
and resurrected when the Messiah
comes solely because Of his having
been buried in Palestine. Palestine is
named "Erez Haydn" (the land of the
llving). Rabbi Eleazar based on this
his assertion that the dead will not be
resurrected outside of Palestine, but
tnaS subterranean passage will lead
the righteous who die elsewhere into
Faiestine, where they will arise. The
Caoalsts claim that the resurrection
IN the Holy Land is to precede the
resurrection elsewhere by forty wears.
Ihus we meet the ever-recurrng en-
phasis on the sacredness Of the soil of
Palestine, its exalted claims as the
birthplace OF Jewish teachings through
out the large literature of the Jewish
people. Sanctited as the land which
has produced the Law, hallowed bv
traditions, enshrlned by memories of
the glorious days of Jewish indepen-.
dence and conquests of the spirit, Eretz
flsroal, the land of the Jews, is also
the land of Judaism, and it is small
wonder that the faithful in Israel have
throughout the centuries and in all
lands OF their soiourn turned their
eyes to and centred their hopes-at
least IN spiritual sense-around the
rising sun in the East
Jewish sculptors and painters have
pictured the eternal wanderer as ca
rylng along with his other luggage
either a scroll Of the Torah or hook
CT the Bible. Their works arc SYM
holic of the light CT consolation which
mas lllumined the Jews weary path.
Throughout the darkness and dreari-
ness OF the dispersion he has carried
along with him his religious laws.
customs and ceremonies, his lofty
principles of morality, his high con-
ceptions Of duty, blended and entwined
with the memories and hopes of Zion,
and whenever the outward surround
ings become more hostile he drew more
closely within himself and sought
solace in cherishing more fervently
his cultural possessions. Thus he
created "the spiritual Palestine" which
he carried along with him throughout
the exile, and which, though his body
was exposed TO storm and attack, gave
shelter and protection to his soul.
Such was the power Of the Torah
and such the strength of the Hebraic
spirit permeating the Law that it sup
piled at least in measure the founda
lions OF life that were lacking because
OF the absence Of the land, and hence
the greater zeal and devotion to the
country out of which had come forth
the sustaining forces that made pos
sible the survival of the Jewish
people.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-03

lshed in extraordinary manner Even
Russia saw the revival of such literary
activity, and during the more liberal
days of Alexander Ii the city of Wilma,
because of its rich communal and spir-
ltual life, became known as "The Jeru-
salem of Lithuania." These centres Of
increased religious and intellectual
activity in the different countries be-
came known far and wide to Jews, who
turned to such cities for guidance and
inspiration. But throughout the whole
history the one great Jewish centre,
the centre Of centres, remained forever
the Holy Land. Even when, save for n
few recluse students poring over their
ancient tones in Jerusalem, tie land
was desolate, the eyes OF the Jews
everywhere were still turned to Zion,
and to Zion they directed their most
earnest prayers, their highest hopes.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-03

centre can be found only in the land
with which the history of the Jews is
Inevitably bound up. which has been
the goal of their most cherished aspira-
tons since they left it for the wilder
ness of Galut, which is one of the tibres
Of their national being. Only in Pales-
tine can the Jew become once more a
Hebrew. There and only there can he
take up the thread of his national
| history, and begin over again the
eternal pursuit of his ideal. There and
only there can the Hebrew spirit again
lind body, and become effectively a
force. making for absolute righteous
ness"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-03-03
German, Prisoners
In u. S. Treated
As Inferned Guests
By Frederic c. Howe
United States Commissioner Of INN;
grafton at Neso York

Ut IS nearly sixty years since
the United States has held
any prisoners on American soil.
And the prisoners Of the Civil War
were cur own people split asunder by
the strife over slavery. Already there
are approximately $500 German prison
ers IN the United States. They are
not capt'ves IN battle. They have
never seen the trenches, but n portion
OF them were active participants in the
war as officers and seamen on the Ger
man sea raider Prinz Ei.el Friedrich,
which ventured into Hampton Roads