davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-02

or even fifteen thousand dollars for
the first six months of it's use? Does
1t show any cash results in permanent
or new roadways?
Does the highway department OF
this county show thirty thousand dol
lars worth Of new roads built during
the past twelve months or since the
new county supervisor and new board
of county commissioners went into Of
fice? Show them. The home dem
onstration agents came across with
the figures and the facts, and they de-
livered the goods, the sugar and the
fats. Make the officers show what
they have done for their money too.
Don't just "haggle" the women folks.
It's dangerous.
Does the rural police department
81 the county, the constabulary forces
of the magistrates, the county Jail
the county poor house. the county
chaingang, the numerous county Of
nces, show any cash returns over
and above expenses, or do they ali
show cold cash outlay, and some of
them DEFICIENCIES of annual appropria-
tions?
II other departments of the gov
ernment are not measured in worth
by the dollars and cents, they pro-
duce, net cash. why place dollar
dividend producing value on educa-
ton?
Why not abolish all offices and de-
partments that do not show a net
cash profit to the treasury over and
above expenses, IL this rule is to be
so strictly applied to the rural
schools of the county, or better still
II the net cash profit to the treasury,
over and above expenses is looked for,
and II the home demonstration de-
partment was the only department
that showed a bonaflde. visible net
cash profit of $27,500.0O to the coun-
tvs wealth as this department. did
do, then why carve Off this wealth
producing department and keep 9TH
ers which are a dead expense?
Who worked harder, who are work
ing harder for the boys who are fight
ing and dying and for thousands who
will not fight and die for this country
to keep the seas open in order that
the farmer county commissioners and
other farmers can sell their cotton
for seveny-flve dollars q bale more
and their cotton seed for fifty dollars
a ton more than they would be getting
IL these boys were not fighting and
dying and going to fight and die, than
the two home demonstration agents
and their hundreds OF associates of
the canning and tomato and rural
home dem monstration clubs?
II 1t pays the cities of Sumter
Charleston, Florence, Columbia. Or
angeburg, and thousands Of other in
q.
corporated cities and town Of this
country to equip home demonstra-
tion departments and employ horn.
demonstration and domestic science
teachers. II the United states govern
ment and every State government
and thousands Of county govern
ments, State, city, and county boards
Of education. over this country advo-
cate and spend money for this kind OF
work. then what is the matter with
Sumter county that It does not pay
to teach our rural school girls and
our rural women the same things
that are taught to the other rural
women OF the United States Of Amer
lea?
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-02
ECONOMY OR PARsrMoNYs
Secretary Reardon Comments ON The
Substantial and Profitable Results
of Homo Demonstration Work.


of Home Demonstration Work.
What would the county fair be
without numerous attractive booths
of the rural schools. the domestic SCI
ence clubs. girls canning and tomato
clubs. and the city home demonstra-
tion club booth. and their thousands
OF practical illustrations Of increased
efficiency, increased production and
extraordinary conservation and prac-
tical concentrations Of food. substi-
tutes to cave meats. wheat, fats. su.
gar, dairy products. etc. to help win
the war? ,s.,
Ask the officers OF the Sumter
County Fair Association and Of the
Chamber Of Commerce. the County
Board OF Education. and Of the Sum-
tsr County Council OF Defense this
question. who worked harder to
make the. two Sumter county fairs
the successes they have been than
Miss Mary Lennon and. Miss Annie
keels. the two homo demonstration
agents and their hundreds OF rura,
school girls. rural women of the home
demonstration clubs, and their friends
and relatives?
Who worked harder than Misses
Lemrnon and Keels to stimulate the
increased interest In the extraordinary
production Of foodstuffs, worked side
by side, doing a mans part, with the
County Council Of Defense. going to
numerous whirlwind campaign meet :
ings. making addresses. distributing
thousands Of food administration con-
servation cards. mailing out thousands
OF bulletins and distributing thou
sands Of packages and papers OF
seed. and helped to carry out the
wishes Of the government to practi-
| cally exemplify the national slogan
that soldiers win battles but wealth
and food win wars" than these two
young women who are marked down
for the pruning knife of so-called
economy by the Sumter County Board
or Commissioners and the Sumter
County Legislative delegation.
II we must make war on some
body or something to catch up the
financial deficiency Of our county gov
ernment, why select the women ant
the girls and the only two female
county government officials we have
For twelve months Miss Lennon ant
assistants worked for the 1917 annua
county fair. and hundreds of rura
school girls and women planned ant
worked under their direction to ge
up their booths which were NOR,
than fifty per cent of the who'll
fair.
Can any other department OF tn
county government show q net gain il
cash results OF thirty thousand dollar
). increased wealth to- the county? /
there 100 per cent. efficiency an
. economy In all county government dc
partments?
Did the sixty-fve hundred dolla
= permanent road building sasolin
D propelled motor truck show thirt
1 thousand dollars Improvement in tn
RI public highways OF Sumter county
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-02
AMERICAN BALLOON LOST.
Drifted Away From San Antonio, Tex
With Several Occupants.

> San Antonio, Dec. 2s.--After nearly
thirty-six hours no word has been re-
'ceived from a balloon sent up Thurs
day at midnight from the balloon
school here, carrying Captain Paul
Mccullough, instructor and several
students. The balloon drifted south
west and In the opinion Of officers
may be across the border in Mexico
or lost in the Gulf
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-02

What tho State Food administrator
and state Council OF Defense Thinks
40 Abolishing Home Demonstration
Work.
hynbers Of The Sumter County coun-
r oil OF Defense.
eenslemen: There Is grave danger
tint owing to the pressing war meas-
ures which are demanding immediate
aciion, many of our local problems
and necessities may be lost sight Of
AT instance OF this seems likely to oc-
cur In Sumter county. No county In
South Carolina has been more wide-
awake. progressive. and loyal In de-
fenss measures The excellence and
thoroughness OF the Sumter county
defense organization. particularly it's
negro work has been commented on
most favorably In Washington and
has been used by the State Councils
Section OF the Council OF National De-
fense IA a model for other States
IL Is with surprise and regret,
therefore. that we hear that Sumter
county 10 considering the abolshlns
OF her home demonstration agents on
tire score OF internal economy, OF
course. no money should be wasted
al this time. but there Is a brand OF
economy which is in reality great ex.
ravaEance. The question is not Can
sMmter county AFFORD home demon.
stration agents during the coming
year. but Can Sumter county afford
not TO have home demonstration
agents during tho coming year?
We feel that the truest econom,
consists In conserving all forward
looking and progressive agencies o.
production and reproduction. w,
sincerely hope. therefore. that Sumter
county, which has shown the wa,
forward aiong many lines of defens,
work. will not show the way to tn,
rear In agricultural plans and foo,
measures for 1918. We believe tha
anything you can do to prevent thi
will be distinct service to Sumte
county. South Carolina. and our ma
ton.
Yours sincerely.
! JOE SPARKS.
Executive Secretary, United State
Food Administration for soutl
Carolina.
REID SMITH.
Executive Secretary. state Council @
Defense.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-02

Everything that has appeared In.
the news 30 far goee to show that
Uncle Sans navy gupners still shoot
according to American precedent
Rock Hill Herald. .A-e :ss
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-02
SWEDES ENCOURAGE FTNNs.
King Gustave Expressed Sympathy
With Movement for Indenendence

WItH .MOVc1HcHC IOF IHQclenUenC6
Stockholm, Dec. 2S.-Symapthy
with FInland's movement for inde-
pendence was expressed today by
King Gustave in addressing a deputa-
don OF Finnish publicists who pre-
sented an appeal for recognition OF
an Independent Finland.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-02
Not Doing Both.

Nervous EmplOyor--Thomas.
wish you wouldn't whistle at your
work.
ONCE Boy--I ain't working, sir.
I'm only whistling ng.--Everybodys.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-02

After spending months teaching tiis.
American soldiers how the war ID
fought, the British won by trf5sas1Sy
something. different.--F1orida TL-,ss-
$,-r.----1sss>I-A~
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-02
IS 10 nome DEMONSTRATION,


= WoHld ,be s.Grsat Mistake to DIS
opetinse Home Demonstration
Wosk.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-02
OPPOSE DEMONSTRATION woRl

Useless Expense.
Editor Daily Item.
notice that the question. of doing
Away With the demonstration work In
Hlumter county Is being axitated. and
a taxpayer. ask for space In your
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1918-05-02

collected. He states that he will sup
port amy future necessary increase IN
the income and excess profits taxes,
and N doing 80 will be governed BY
the principle that the big incomes and
big profits should bear the largest
part Of the burden. Some question
having been raised as to whether SEN
ators and representatives were ex-
empt from the payment of the excess
pasofts tax. Senator Sterling intr0.
sduced an amendment to the act which
provided that it should not be con-
sfrued- to exempt them, and the
treasury department has since held
that they are not exempt He ap-
posed an amendment to the revenue
bill which was ia the interest OF the
5ole0margarine manufacturers and;
ould have been detrimental to- the
dairy interests Of the country.
He has worked for a Just system.
.af federal grading of grain ard ear.
iJestl stapported d the Gssss anne ndmei,ts
.sT ias 6 4 h olld fix the minimum price
sf ~ leat q 81 80 per bushel for the
1918 crop He had Ions been
ssat laa adVocatiiag q that tue price
fixsrsg cansis.ift tee nam pr riee for the
~ crop w flich would justify the
farm ers ill incr their slleats
aareage
senato Ssterlines HAS ii syay ear
isss tied d il prohihi zion meas
r. asaEss ss11a N porter of onas
II frra se
cen 1uaing his sta enleTt he res
fssss tss he realty reased work az
q ssesa ter 81 nee we ave, been lit war
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1918-05-02

'ssfi ei' lls. a11 bs sai u
sl1l At, d isl iSsaI HI. j3Sss
Ton baclx IA id Isf y iSs
q :daan 81 N asss
was sulse \
@ slne CRIED TIE AZ HILL i{fI ysl
N rerb Two 81 rl9l
aie n that res gflinent slSurgiii
GhrintcI pll.
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1918-05-02

RUSSIAN BoLsHENiKI
FEMINIST GERMANY

An unconffrmed report has
appeared in the metropolitan
press to the effect that Leon Trot-
zky, Russian minister of war. is
planning to renew the struggle
against Germany, having become
convinced that it is Germanys
Intentions to wive Russia out Of
existence. It is stated that Trot-
ky hopes for the active coop
GRAFTON Of the allies.
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1918-05-02
GERMAN LOSSES MAY REACH 100000.
TO SEAT cZAR,s ,oN
on RUSSIAN THRONE

The principal news gathering
agencies carried stories a few
days since to the effect that the
the Grman kaiser had inspired
the proc1aiming of the son Of the
deposed Czar Nicholas emperor
Of Russia a contradictory fea-
! ture was that the proposed mon
archy would oppose further Ger
man aggression. The two stories,
therefore. were in conflict.
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1918-05-02
AMERICANS 0PER A TING
WITH FRENCH REPULSE
VIOLENT GERMAN A TT ACk|
The result Of Tuesdays offensive By regarded
BY British and French military experts
attacking That say, German commanders failed
utterly Of their objective failed to drive the allies back
According to reports the enormous the
massed formation
AMERICANS BoMBARDED FOR THREE HOURS
lBy The United Press)
With the French Armies Afeld May q lelsAn American
amagamated violently bonbardsd for
three hours bastaons 81 German
infantry attacked The Americans repud aacs leaving
the field atrewn with German dead,
The Americans prisoners battle WI near Griv
ans
Iespe losses the valiant defense
AMERIcAN cAsUALTg List 50 MEN
(By The United Press
Washington May THE casualty List contains ee
HEAVY UArNoNADHa By GERMANS
(By The United PressD
HEAVY uANNoNAD1NG By GERMANS
by The United Press.

The United FTessJ s9-@-
London May 2Geneal Hag reported that the German
artillery active il the VF Pcardy and
Il the mers sector Flanders There consderabie enemy
nonadiag the conneeng Pcary and Flande c
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1918-05-02
Provost Marshal Crowder Getting
After After Eyaders Of The Call
cROWDER AFTER DRAFT sH1RKERs.

(By The United Press
Warrington May 2Provost Marshal Crowder has ordered
roundup the regsrants who are escaping the
call through classatons Every unfair found viii
go under agrecassfcation s44asS
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1918-05-02

time make lt possibfe for the now t
ernmcnt to exchange this money
for goods and serv 1. lsoaer N
: Dennis, State Director 81 the q
I War Savings Stamp Campaign Tor
! South Dakota.
There you Have the Amefican duty
stated in nutshell. Money is good
for only what 1t will buy, or Tor that
for which sit may be exchanged It.
Eis necessary. II is true. hut III 40 mora
Iso than foodstuffs and clothing and
munitions.
Money and all these things tore ethers
Will not win the war. There must be
service ggressfve progressive, a.
operative. timely, e1icent Hervice lii
order to make the # money. IL, 3 ana the
goods effective agencies IA winning
the war
Jews n Mr.. Dennis.
The quotation ats the head az this
column is taken from d letter written
by Roger 4. DeMnis, state direGtor,,
to- The Saturd lay News, which had
forwarded q proof.slip Of an editorial
IL Intended to print, and did print.
last week, minus the paragraph tos
which MI. Dennis refers in the dDEf
pended eommunic cal Ion.
The paragraph In question Wae
stricken ont because Mr. Dennis carlsG
yinced The Saturday News that tfss
conception Of the situation was based
upon d misappre rehensiun yof the
masmuch as there are lss3
have been sharing th6 vfav enter.
tanned by this paper respecting the
Der capita basis for the sale OF the
War Savings Stamps. Mr. Dennis wass
asked to grant the privilege OF using
his letter in the succeeding edition.
and it Is herewith commended to the
thoughtful consid deration Of readers
of this paper (the stib-headings have
been supplied BY the editor)
surest Road % Success.
Sioux Falls. 81 %. April "a, 1873
-. ]. Cory, Editor.
The Saturday News,
Watertown, 8. q.
Dear Mr.. Cory
wish to- thank you for having
sent me proof OF war savings article
st0 appear In The Saturday News.
which is apparently published Oh
Thursday Your article shauld be of
great assistance and wisa partic-
lularly to commend the attitude takenl
by you as to the necessity; on the
part of the residents as South Dakota
and of CodinEtoh Gellr.t To- IL what.
ever, in var work, II Is sfis..sgestad to- 1
us. by those llsgh u b. We should do.
i ts only by following our leaders that
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1918-05-02
Allies Hold the Trump Card
Opinion Military Experts
ALLIES HOLD TRUMP CARE

By The United Press Staff Correspondent, Wood)
With the French Armies Aeld May 1918-Although the
number Of Germans engaged approximate half millions
of the spring offensive BY
military experts that they still capable of duplicating
mendous offensive The allies with fresh reserves however hold
the trump card.
The enemy began the offensive on the
front line They have been obliged engage
number indicating effectiveness
The Germans have engaged hundred forty
the available two hundred troops having
ben engaged times making value Of hundred and
eighty-six divisions
This leaves divisions unengaged Ten Of these
capable Of offensive work
The German losses by the most conservative estimates
less than three hundred and fifty thousand Six hundred
fifty thousand are still in the depots
Hence assuming this basis Of figuring be substantially
rest the Germans capable Of duplicating
offensive to date
GERMAN LOSSES MAY REACH 100000
lBy The United Press9
London May 2-The Daily Graphic quotes high English
military authority saying that since March
81 at least 100000.
Echo de l'ouest. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1883-1929, 1918-07-05
LES BRASsERIES BUSH SAIS1ES

Toutes les proprietes en- ce pays de
Nine Adolphus Busch de St-Louis,
evaluees a des millions de dollars ont
etc saisies par ordre du garden des
proprietes des etrangers Palmer. Nine
Busch etait recemment en- Allemagne
ct ellie est maintenant a Cuba en- route
pour les Etats-Unis. Ellie vivait en- Al
lemagne depuis plusieurs annees, ou
pratiquement depuis la mort de son
mari.
LIE garden Palmer a annonce que
la saisie des proprietes etc fate il y
a plusieurs mois ct que la Union
Trust Company" de St-Louis await etc
nominee depositaire ct exploitait les
Establishments pour lie gouvernement.
On dit que Nine Busch, qui est agee
de "a ans, pretendra qu'elle est une
loyale cheyenne des Etats- -Unls, qul
ma pas forfait a sa qualite de ctioy-
enne en- raison de sa residence en- AL
lemagne depuis la mort de son marl'
Echo de l'ouest. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1883-1929, 1918-07-05
LIE RATIONNEMENT DU SUCRE

Washington administration des
wires decide qua partir du Ter JUL
let la population desEtats-U ne de-
vra consommer que trois livres de su-
ere par tete ct par mois.
Les lubricants de BLOSSOMS douces
ct de glaces verront leur quote-part
fortement reduite.
Cette mesure etc jugee necessaire
pour prevenir une penurie serieuse de
sucre.
La consommation du sucre devra
etre moins grande aux Etats-Unis
pour permettre den exporter une
plus grande quantite en- France OIL
l'ennemi occupe la plus grande partie
des territories OH est cultive la bette
rave a sucre. II faut de plus compter
sur une decroissance de la production
a Cuba ct sur lie manque de tonnage
ct considerer que des millions de kilo-
grammes de sucre ont etc coules par
les sous-marins dams les eaux ameri-
Gaines.
Echo de l'ouest. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1883-1929, 1918-07-05
'Faire1l La Lecon
= - asaux4Francais
(Du ''New York Commercial

'F'aisons tout ce que nous pour
rons pour venir en- aide la France
durant la guerre ct pour restaurer
ses villes, ses champs devastes une
fois la guerre fnie, mais faisons-le
{ avec tact ct bon godt. II y quel-
ques Americans folichons qui parlent
de traverser pour aller faire Ia lecon
aux Francais. Bon nombre dame
ricains qui connaissent la France ct
son peuple ont des idees bien ARE
tees sur l'immaturite de leurs pro-
pres conpatriotes lorsqu'on les COM
pare aux Francais... Les Francois
eux aussi croient qu'ils sont mieux
eduques, mieux entra1nes au point de
vue des arts, de la science ou dams
lie domaine social que tout autre peu-
pie.
"'Les femmes americaines croient
qu'elles peuvent en- montrer aux
Franchises? Savent-elles, CONNIE
elles economiser ct Targent ct les ma
teriaux? Peuvent-elles parler leur
propre langue de facon comparable
a Pusage de la langue qui prevaut en-
France? Peuvent- s'habiller ct
donner lie cachet artistique ce qu'el-
les font CONNIE les FRANCHISES? Les
hommes americans peuvent-ils ap-
prendre aux Francais faire des ca
mons ou autres machines de guerre?
Depuis neuf mois nous avons essaye
de fabriquer les "75" francais ct nous
n'avons pas encore reussi a en- forger
un.
"Que les femmes americaines nour-
rissent ceux qui ont faim, vetissent
ceux qui mont pas de vetements, pro-
current un lit ceux qui men ont pas
ct soignent les blesses, mais pour ce
qui est de faire la lecon a qui que ce
soft, qu'elles commencent par s'as-
seoir anx pieds des femmes de France
pour apprendre d'elles a tenir leur
maison, alder leurs maris dams
leurs affaires, a economiser leur ar
gent ct a prevenir lie gaspillage. La
rance eSC Id HdIloli Id plus AduCe-
ment cultivee dams Punivers. Pre-
mons soin de ne pas insulter les Fran
Gals ct de faire de nous Pobjet de ri-~
sees en- envoyant de PautTe cote des
Americas a tete legere, emballes a
l'idee nouvelle ct excitante d'essayer
de faire la lecon aux Francais. Nous
avons tant apprendre d'eux ct 81
peu leur apprendre qu'on ne ferait
que provoquer dams lie monde lie rire
de tous ceux qui savent a quoi sen
tenir."
Echo de l'ouest. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1883-1929, 1918-07-05
PAROLES DU SECRE-
TAIRE BAKER

M. Baker, ministre de- la guerre a
dit aux Cadets de West-Point, au
cours dun interessant discours:
"Nous nous sommes joints a une
Alliance grace a laquelle Ia France,
la rande-Bretagne, PItalie ct les
Etats-Unis ont rassemble en- France
les plus grandes forces que lie monde
ait jamais WI s'unir pour assurer le
triomphe du Droit.
"Quand lie Dieu des nations fera
Pappel de ceux qui lui auront etc fl
deles, PAngleterre repondra: -"Me
voici avec mes navires ct avec mes
soldats. Mes pertes sont enormes
mais ma vaillance nest pas abattue".
"LItalie repondra aussi des AL
pes PAsiago: "Mes fills sont lei lut-
tant ~et mourant pour defendre les
passes ct les montagnes contre Patta-
que de ceux qui voudraient nous
ecraser."
"Et la France!-O qu'elle est bel
lie, qu'elle est sublime, sa reponse:
"Me voici, complement ensanglan-
tee, une partie de mon territoire oc-
cupe. lie terre recouvre des cental-
mes de mile de mes enfants morris.
Mais je ne courbe pas la tete. Ma de-
termination est plus ferme que ja-
mais. lis ne passeront pas"
"Et quand PAmerique repondra
ne frissonnerez-vous pas en- Penten-
dant s'ecrier: "Moi aussi, me VOLTA.
J'ai traverse les mers CONNIE Lafa-
yette ct Rochambeau Pont fait jadis.
Me voici avec mes centaines de mile
soldats, mon materiel de guerre, mes
munitions, mes approvisionnements
ct je suis avec vous jusqu'au bout.
Echo de l'ouest. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1883-1929, 1918-07-05
LIE Gouvernement Francais ne Veut
pas Plier

Paris-Le Cardinal Lucon, archie
vogue de Reims, adresse une lettre
au gouvernement f.ancais dams la
auelle il demande al President Poin-
care ct au Premier Ministre Clemen-
ceau de prendre part a des prieres pu-
bliques qui seraient Ifaites pour lie sa-
lut de la France.
LIE Premier Ministre Clemenceau a
repondu que tous les citoyens sont IL
bres de Sc reunir dams les eglises,
pour des ceremonies mais que la loi
defend au gouvernenent de prendre
part a toutes ceremonies religieuses.
M. Clemenceau "a ajoute quill ap-
preciait la nobless du sentiment qui
await anime cette demande ct que le
gouvernement et toute la France
etaient avec les promoteurs de ce
movement.
Echo de l'ouest. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1883-1929, 1918-07-05
TBNACE HERO1SME DES JEUNES
BELGES

BELGES
De M. Maurice des Ombiaux, dams
la "Libre Parole:
Les journaux hollandais ont annon-
ce tout dernierement que les Alle-
mands avaient hausse jusqu'a trois
metres la barriere electrique, qui me-
surait auparavant un metre quatre-
vingt-dix de hauteur.
Quelle en- est la raison?
C'est que des Belges, apres s'etre
exerces pendant quelque temps, pas
salient les fills electriques dun bond
en- s'aidant dune perche.
Mais on passe beaucoup plus a ira
vers les fills que par-dessus les fills,
malgre la surveillance rigoureuse des
ge6liers germaniques. C'est quill est
impossible de garder jour ct mutt 200
kilometres defrontieres sans Sc trou-
yer de temps entemps en- defaut de vi
GLANCE. Pourtant, en- certains endroits
penvahisseur a tout rase a cinq cents
metres du fiji pour pcuvoir en- surveil-
ler plus facilement les approaches.