davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-07-21

WIN bhot VI 4>S" lhS otNOhN
half of the nineteenth. John the Great
married an Englishwoman, Philippa of
Gaunt, and one of their sons, Henry the
Navigator, has become known in history
as the most famous character in the annals
of Portugal. Our author attributes his
ability and success largely to his English
ancestry and the support of the strong
English element then present in the Portu-
guese nationality. He describes Prince
Henry as that strange man, part mystic,
part mathematician, part philosopher, part
politician-the man who founded modern
navigation, yet never sailed the seas him
self; who could do the meanest things with
the best motives; who lived silent and SOL
ltary, and yet was one of the most promi-
nent personalities in the most brilliant
metropolis of the period; who lived a
monk and died millionaire" He spent
a fortune In founding and supporting a
school of science and navigation, which
laid the foundation of oceanic seamanship.
The chief ambition of his life was to
reach India by sea; but although he did
not survive TO witness that achievement,
his captains had doubled Cape Bogador
in 1874, Cape Verde in 1446 and discov-
cred the Azores in 143l, all before his
death in 1850. Mr.. Young protests
strongly against the English idea that this
great student prince was a swashbuckling
adventurer, and says he was no more Of
a swashbuckler than the
Old lady of Portugal,
Whose ideas were excessively nautical;
Who climbed up tree
To examine the sea,
But vowed she would never leave Por-
tugal.
Under the initial impulse due to the
scientific imagination of Prince Henry
the Navigator the colonial expansion of
Portugal proceeded rapidly after the dis
covery of America by Columbus. The
sphere of Portuguese influence eventually
extended over Brazil, the largest country
in South America, and vast territories
were acquired in East and West Africa,
while smaller but more important colo
MES were established in India and China.
If we conceive of Greater Portugal as
we conceive of Greater Britain as embrac-
ing the vast overseas settlements that have
sprung from the home land we NAV real
lie that we have not adequately apprcci-
ated the part played by the little Iberian
nation in the development of political
geography.
Parliamentary government in Portugal
began In 1926 and since then Republican
tendencies have more and more prevailed.
The monarchy fell with the murder Of
Carlos I. and the Crown Prince in Feb
ruary, 1908, and the flight of his successor
Manuel II. to England on the occasion
of the revolutionary outbreak at Lisbon
in October, 1910. For nearly eight wears
Portugal has been a republic. There have
thus far been three Presidents:
Theophilo Braga, 1910.
Manoel de Arriaga, 1911.
Theophilo Braga lad interim), 1915.
Bernardino Machado, 1915.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-07-21
The Unnecessary S. P. c. A.

The Portuguese are essentially hu-
name race. In no other Latin country are
domestic and draught animals treated so
well as in Portugal; and when the Eng
lish residents proposed to organize So
ciety for the prevention Of cruelty to ami
mails there the people were shocked that
such an institution should be supposed to
be needed in land "where the farm ami
mails seem to own the farm, where the
draught animals are permitted to go where
they please and as they please and where
only the pig and dog are not petted, but
merely politely ignored" l
This essential humanity, according to
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-07-21

WHY is Portugal at war and at war
w on our side7 This question is
admirably discussed and answered by
former Secretary of the British Legation
at Lisbon in volume of 342 pages just
published by the Clarendon Press, Ok
ford, under the title of Portugal, Old and
New: An Historical Study, by George
Young. 1t is of special interest at the
present time when the Portuguese troops
on the Western Front in France have at
tracted attention and praise by reason of
their dash and valor
Americans for the most part probably
know less about Portugal than they do
about any other country of Western Eu-
rope, although it lies directly acrocs the
Atlantic, just opposite New York. The
immigration from the Azores to New
England has acquainted the people of
Massachusetts to some extent with the
seafaring population of insular Portugal;
but comparatively few American travel
lers visit Continental Portugal, and
Toxic is probably better known TO our
people than Lisbon Most of us visual
ize it as a smaller edition of Spain, while
in truth and in fact, as the lawyers say,
mo two countrysides could be more I'M
like than the well-wooded, well-watered
hills and valleys of coastal Portugal and
the stony ridges and wide uplands of
central Spain; while Gin type and tenn
permanent the Portuguese differ as widely
from the Spaniards as dc the Irish from
the Scots, and something on the same
lines"
Lusitania, Americas Ally.
The area of Portugal (34,254 square
miles, corresponds closely to that of the
State of Indiana. Though deficient in
grandeur, the scenery is remarkable for
its variety, beauty and color. None of
the mountain system exceeds in height the
White Mountains of New Hampshire. No
other country in Western Europe pos
sesses so rich fora as Portugal, one
of the most distinctive types of vegetation
being the forests of cork trees. Indeed,
cork has long been one of the principal
exports of Portugal The other important
products are wine, preserved fish, copper
ore, olive oil, tobacco and wool. In 1900
the population was nearly 100000, in
GLIDING in the enumeration the inhabitants
of the Azores. The latest estimate of the
strength Of the army was about $4,000
men on a peace footing and upward of
175,000 in time Of war. We have seen
no official statement as to the numbers
Of the Portuguese expeditionary force
now serving in France; but in some of the
newspapers Portuguese division of 25,-
600 men has been mentioned, and the
record of their achievements has been
most creditabe
1t seems signally appropriate that the
ancient Lusitania should participate in
Furnishing the Government responsible for
the sea murder committed by the destruc-
ton Of the vessel of that name. "Those
who knew the Portuguese" says Mr..
Young, chad no difficulty in understand
ing their entry into the war; for there
has always been in Portugal a strong
sense Of the solidarity of European Gull
ture or Christianity and ready response
to a summons for a crusade In its be-
half"
The Unnecessary S. P. c. A.
The Portuguese are essentially hu-
name race In no other Latin country are
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-07-21
Portugal, Our Ally in the Great Crusade

1t was extremely unfortunate for the
Republicans Of Portugal that they should
seem to derive profit from an assassina-
ton which the whole civilized world con-
demned as detestable crime. They were
denounced as regicides even by those who
sympathized most deeply with their cause,
and the shadow of the tragedy will rest
on the republic for many year. Mr..
Young, however, is inclined to absolve the
Republican organization from completely
in the crime because its members were so
obviously unprepared to deal with the
crisis which it caused. All friends OF
Young Portugal will hope that his view Is
the correct one. The new government, ac-
cording to our author. has accomplished
an extraordinary feat mot only IN wear
ing down or winning over its adversa1es
but in protiting by circumstances, so that
it can to-day claim to have, realized
reasonable proportion of its ideals" Tins
he thinks could only be due TO the sus-
tanning force of new national energy
and enthusiasm-a veritable national re-
nascence-which has enabled the rulers OF
the republic to overthrow not only 1he
periodical uprisings of the Royallsts but
also a formidable conspiracy to restore
German control in Portugal
Portuguese Presidents.
It is remarkable and interesting fact
that the Presidents of the Republic OF
Portugal have all been men of letters, be-
longing to a controversial school of htera-
ture known as the Coimbra school, from
the university city of that name. The
most eminent of these is DIR. Theophllo
Braga, "a personality in whom an I'M
usual combination of qualities has pro-
duced an exceptional capacity for ma
tional service" He is a philosopher, poet
and student of folk lore, whose immense
work, says the Encyclopedia Britannica,
in the spheres Of poetry, criticism and
literary history cannot be Judged at pres
emit. DR.. Bernardino Machado, former
Prime Minister and now President, IL a
Younger member of the Coimbra school,
and their political leader, who IS com
mended by Mr. Young for his unfalling
courtesy, unchallenged character, and
mastery Of diplomacy. The third repre-
sentative of the Coimbra school in the
Presidency, DR.. Manoel de Arriaga, for
merly taught mathematics at Colmbra
and English at Lisbon. Portugal has eer-
tainly been a PROFESSIONAL republic thus
far.
As the last words in Mr.. Young's book
we're written the Portuguese division was
landing in France. 1t has been heard
from, and gloriously heard from, since
then. This volume will give English and
American readers a knowledge Of their
latest ally which cannot readily b
acquired elsewhere. In the displays OF
foreign flags by which We celebrate the
achievements Of the allied armies In the
field the flag of Portugal must not here
after be forgotten.
PORTUGAL, OLD AND YOUNG. By
GEORGE YOUNG. Oxford University Press
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-07-21

PORTUGAL, OLD AND YOUNG. By
GEORGE YoUNa. Oxford University Press.
1925.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-07-21
E. K. MEANS

| E. K. MEANS
| The Author j.:
| A Louisiana
| Pa,to1. pho has
made himself 50
completely HE
priier Of negro
stories hat IL is
enough 10 coll
| The Boob:
| E. K. MEANS.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1918-05-16
Every Woman and Girl

y
Who is i'll from any cause should con-
suit DR. Kutchin. He is a doctor
with forty years experience back Of
him. He is a specialist in the diseas-
es of women. He has treated thou
sands of cases of womb troubles and
tumors without the knife. He can
refer you to ladies he has cured years
ago and they have been well ever
since. No woman should rush into aH
operation that may ruin her for life,
without the opinion of several differ,
ent doctors. DR.. Kutchin might save
you from an operation. He might
save your life. He won't charge you
a cent for consultation, examination
or advice Better get his opinion an
expert opinion-ifyOG are melancholy,
have headaches, or weakness, or ir
regularities Of any kind.
DR.. Kutchin'snext visit to Green
vile, will be on Thursday, May %
at the Hotel James. Call in the fore
noon. ADV
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1918-05-16
Children Cry
FOR FLETcHER'S
casio RIA
PalesClne.

There still seem TO be some in
our township who have as an ex-
cuse for not doing any Red Cross
work for our soldisPbOy that-if
you join that organization You
may be called away any time. tc
be sent anywhere. Had such
persons been sufficiently interest
ed to read one of the memCer-
ship cards they would have seen
that it clearly says: mo field ser
vice is required" The sooner
the self-centered ones wake up
to the fact that our country is IN
the midst of the stern realities of
the deadliest war in TIE worlds
history, the better for them and
for all. Do you want a kaiser
ruled land, with Belgium'S hor-
rors repeated tenfOld? In the
name of Gcd ard patriotism, a.
wake, throw off the slotn Of the
Stacker and work. that We may
still have "a land of the free and
a home of the brave"
WnlI, what a splendid time we
had last Saturday night at the K.
of P. Hall. The Pythian Sisters
gave a Hoover Lunch" and an
excellent entertainment, directed
by Mrs. Ltrena Cromley. and as.
sisted by a drill team of young
ladies', A series of tableaux were
presented, for which Miss Lou
vera Slower rendered beautiful
music. Ben Miller sold the Red
Cross cake and several other in
teresting things were put on.
The proceeds of this entertain
ment will go to Red Cross and
other war funds. The audience
was among the largest ever en-
tertained in this hall.
May 13. FROM PALEsTTEE.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1918-05-16
Children Cry
FOR FLETCHER'S
CA 8 To RIA
Glover Must Be Cut Ear
ly in June when Seed
is Sought.

Clover must be cut in Ohio ear
ly in June in the southern half of
the state and about the middle of
the month in the northern part it
the second crop IS to be harvested
for seed. In this way the later
crop will escape the ravages Of
the clover seed midge, a small
maggot that lives in the blossoms
and by its feeding prevents seed
development.
The midges appear in late May
and lay their eggs in the clover
heads. The small maggotS feed
in the heads until late June, then
fall to the ground, pupate and
later emerge as a second brood of
flies late in July or early IN Aug
ust. When the crop of hay is re-
moved early in June. the insects
die as the hay is cured and the
next crop is free from any posi-
/ bility of severe attack Pastur-
ing the field until about the mid
die of June brings the same re-
suit.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1918-05-16
NURSES PRETTY
Red CrOss Hospital Uniform
Most Becoming in His
tory Of World.

In a recent news letter from the
front the war correspondent of the
Philadelphia North American helps to
explain the song. I'm in Love With q
Beautiful Nurse"
There are e. Red Cross nurses at
this place." says the dispatch. They
are cheerful, obedient. brave and COM
petent. And those who weren't pretty
10 begin with became so the moment
they dOnned the uniform that is the
most becoming in all the long history
of costumes devised for the mystifica-
tion and beguiling of men.
in the officers ward was a colonel
with bronchitis. I've seen them in the
Philippines, and I've seen them in Chi
ua,' he told me. I suppose I've seen
about all the existing types, but 1 new
er yet saw one that wasn't pretty in
side of ~ hours
He reminded me of an Irish Tom
my. who, so his major told me, woke
mp in a hospital in 1916 and, seeing the
nurses in the ward, exclaimed, May
the hOwly Virgin bless us, but the an
gels have come down to the SOmmeF"
Hundreds of Red Cross nurses. how
ever, are doing work abroad in which
their looks are less eagerly considered.
Finding and caring Cor war orphaned
babies, fighting tuberculosis, re-estab-
fishing homes in shell wrecked villages
these are some of the big tasks of
mercy which, thanks to American con-
,ributiOnS, the Red Cross sets for Its
NNIrSCS
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1918-05-16
T. R. TO GET SHELL
THAT HIT HIS son
Captain Roosevelt, Who Was in Hos
pital, Lauds Red Gross.

Capt. Archibald Roosevelt, who re
Gently was injured and nurSed back TO
health in u Red Cross hospital, in
speaking of the Red Cross work, is re-
ported as having said:
The Red Cross is doing everything
possible for us. l cannot say too much
in appreciation of their efforts, which
make us feel as if we were back home.
1t is a great comfort to us fellows in
hospitals, and if our folks could see
the way we are being taken care of
they would stop worrying"
The Red Cross chaplain in this par
ticular hospital happens to be Doctor
Billings of GrOtOn, Mass, who taught
Captain Roosevelt at the Groton
school. The Red Cross shopping serv-
ice in the hospital has been commits
stoned by Captain Roosevelt to obtain
new uniform for him to replace the
one which was torn to pieces when he
was wounded by fragments of Ger,
man she'll
The piece of shrapnel which wound
ed Captain Roosevelt win be present
ed to Captain ROosevelt's father, Col,
Theodore Roosevelt
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1918-05-16
GERMANY LIMITS
SPENDING MONEY OF
AMERICAN PRISONERS

Money intended for lnterned
civilians and prisoners of war in
Germany should be remitted
through the Bureau of Prisoners
Relief, American Red Cross.
Washington, d. C., Remittances
so made will probably not be de-
livered to addresses by the Ger
man government in cash, but in
the form of credit on prison ex-
changes.
According to the Spanish am
bassadcr at Berlin. the German
war department states that there
are no restrictions III regard to
the remittance of money for CIV
ilian and military prisoners. Such
money is placed to prisoners
credit, and may be spent under
the following regulations:
Military prisoners. Sixty
marks weekly may be spent by
officers and others of similar rank;
so marks weekly by non-commis.
stoned officers and men.
Civilian prisoners. Sixty
marks weekly for men of better
social position; SO marks weekly
for others.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1918-05-16
questionnaires.
MANY INSTRUMENTS
NEEDED IN EQUIPPING

FIGHTING PLANES
Before an airplane can be put
iiuto military service it must be
equipped with at least nine deli
cate aeronautic instruments. some
of which are absolutely essential
to exact flying, and all contrib.
ute to the successful operation of
a plane. One gives the pilot his
location as to height and direc-
ton; others tell his speed thru
the air, the speed of his propel-
ler, the amount of gasoline car
ried, water temperature, opera
ton OF the oiling system, and
guide his banking" on turns.
Another necessary article is the
oxygen-supplying apparatus,
without which an aviator could
not climb tn any great height.
For operation of actual combat
planes, such as observing. photo
graphing, bombing, and fighting
planes, other complicated and ex-
pensive instruments and sets of
apparatus are necessary. Among
them are machine guns, bomb
racks, gun mounts, bomb-drOp,
ping devices, bomb sights, radio
and Photographic apparatus, ell
ectrically heated clothing, lights
and flares. These bring the to
tai cost of equipment for an air.
plane to several thousand dollars
each, depending upon the type oi
plane.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1918-05-16
MANUFACTURE OF
UNNECESSARY FARM

MACHINERY MAY BE DROPPED
Nearly 1000 types and sizes of
farm implements which have
been gradually developed by man.
ufacturers during peace-time
competition have been recon-
mended for elimination during
the war by committees of the
National Implement and Vehicle
Association. The object, accord
ing to a statement by the ~Coun-
Gil of National Defense, is'to con-
serve materials, labor. capital,
and manufacturing facilities fol
war use.
In the report of the committee
meetings to the commercial eco
nomy board of the Council ot
National Defense it was stateC
that no machinery recommended
for discard was believed to bt
necessary to modern economical
agriculture. The lines considered
by the committee consisted o
steel and chilled plows, grail
drills, seeders. and oCher tillag
implements and farm elevators.
Such of the recommendation
as the board deems suitable, wit
others from different sources, ar
being brought to the attention Q
all implement manufacturers an
iobbers, and as many retail dea
ers as may be reached, throue
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1918-05-16
One WAY THE RED CROSS HAS TAKEN
TO DEFEAT THE KAISER'S GAME
1000 Ragged, Sick and Homeless People Are
Daily Dumped at Evian.

At the nrst onslaught of the Huns,
before the French were able to with
stand their invasion, the Kaiser Sc,
cured q goOdly section Of France.
With the captured cities and villages
he acquired many thousands Of French,
men.
True to all the rules Of TeutoRiC
efficiency. the noble German worked
and starved these French close to the
point Of death. then saw to it that an
impressive number Of them Caught
tuberculosis and finally sent these poor
wrecks back to burden France.
It has taken the Kaiser from two to
three years to suck the healthy blood
from the veins Of these sturdy rural
French, but now he is sending them
back at the rate Of about 1000 day
The Kaiser never announces these
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1918-05-16
ROMANCE GONE
Efficiency Kills Sentiment as
Machine Makes Socks
in Is Minutes.
BY RUTH DUNBAR.

"How snowy white your fingers look
against the scarlet wOOlr' was the
favorite speech of grandfather when
he was paying suit to grandmother,
who, If history is correct, never al
lowed little things like love and court
ship to distract her mind one minute
from her knitting.
The modern young man is robbed of
any opportunity to make these pretty
speeches, for the wool is no longer
scarlet but khaki. Worse yet, the
maiden sits before a cold, steel ma
chine and grinds OF socks in as many
minutes as it takes hours to knit them
This is what efficiency does to rO-
nance.
In the various Red Cross workrOoms
of the New York County Chapter there
are nearly Seventy-five sock machines.
Eight of these are in the model work
room at 20 East Thirty-eighth street and
others that have been ordered are held
I'D by traffic conditions. Here instruc-
tors teach the use of the machine to
Red Cross workers.
A complete pair of socks can be
made on the machine in % minutes.
The machine looks like cross between
fishing tackle and a pile driver. The
worker threads it through the arm and
carrier on to the threader. The body
of the machine is circle of needles
bent at the ends like crochet hooks.
Sweaters also are made on the sock
machine, the strips sewed together and
the ribbing at top and bottom knitted
on by hand.
Besides the machines In the Red
Gross wOrkrOOms there are many
owned by private individuals or groups
who work at home and donate the re-
suits to the Red Cross, In family
hotel, for instance, four or five women
can Clab together and buy . machine
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1918-05-16

sumptive germs We have q hospital
of so beds for children In Evian. These
are reserved for the children who are
too Ill to take farther. Then our Red
Cross has a convalescent hospital out
side the town and yet another In a
nearby village. 1t also keeps six am
balances busy transporting sick wom-
en- and children. Yet even then the
strain upon our workers Is so great
that for eight long months one Ameri-
can nurse has had to look after 40
beds.
We, through our American Red
Cross. are doing great things toward
defeating the Kaiser in his efforts to
turn France into a graveyard, but we
have just started. and our duty de-
mands that we work fast and without
ceasing.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1918-05-16
WHAT HOME SERVICE
HAS DONE FOR ME-

My husband enlisted over a year
ago. Shortly after he went away our
twelve-year-Old boy had the measles.
After his recovery his school teacher
complained about his conduct At
home he was nervous and irritable.
When called at the Red Cross to find
out how l could secure an increase in
allowance because of our newly born
babe l told them of my trouble with
Harry. On their advice l took him to
an oculist, who said glasses were need
ed Immediately because of the weak
ened condition of the eyes following
measles. He no longer causes trouble
at home or at school.
The Greenville journal. [volume] (Greenville, Ohio) 1850-1918, 1918-05-16

shipments. He simply dumps them in
Evian, on the French-Swiss border.
If 1t were not for the American Red
Cross the task of caring for these
starved, ragged. sick, homeless, ter
rorized men, women and children
would be more than the French govern
ment could handle. But our American
Red Cross is making heroic efforts to
defeat the Kaiser'S aim to fill France
with cOnsumptives. Trained Red Cross
workers are at the receiving station at
Evian. They first separate those
showing signs of tuberculosis from
those who are only starving or have
some other disease.
1t is Just like the tender care of
our Red Cross to give particular at.
tention to the babies and children to
whom the kindly Kaiser has fed con-