davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-09
BOSTON HAD PEOPLE
IN AGES LONG PAST
Evidences Of Prehistoric Civilization
Found Under Water at Edge
OF Bean City.


Boston, Mass, was inhabited by
human beings at least 2,000 years
ago.
The people who lived there then
were fishermen, 70
They used axes Of stone TO cut
down trees and fashion timber into
useful shapes.
At time when the climate OF
Boston was as warm as the climate
Of the Virginia coast is today. the
Bostonians OF the post glacial epoch
constructed a wooden fish weir at a
spot under what is now Boylston
street, near the Rogers building Of
the Massachusetts Institute of Tech
nology,
Buried Fish Wicr.
These facts are not evolved out
Of the editorial inner consciousness,
but are deduced from a communl-
cation on tho post-slacial history Of
Boston recently submitted 70 the
American Academy Of Arts and
Sciences by Prof. Henry w Sinner.
an accomplished paleontologist,
which has been furnished to the
sun by fellow Of the academy who
resides in New York.
Tho Boylston street fish weir,
when discovered, was embedded in
deposit Of silt and shells from
l3 to IS feet in depth. How long
a time was consumed" says Profess
sor Shimer in the deposition OF
these l3 TO s feet OF silt and shells
is largely matter Of conjecture.
Il has been estimated that the Mis-
ssstppi river deposits foot of mud
in 200 years, A similar rate here
would have required 2,500 to 5000
years for the accumulation of this
great age for the fish wier Is con-
firmed by the preservation OF the
wood of which 1t was composed. III
is considerably carbnnized; its sur
face Is almost black and either wet
or dry is very brittle The weir
was probably erected when the re-
glun was exposed, or almost eN-
posed. at low tide and covered at
high tide; in which event the land
have sunk from 16 to is feet
since the early Bostonians took fish
az Boylston stteet.
The weir consisted Of interiaced
vertical and horizontal sticks. The
vertical rods appeared to have been
roughly sharpened with a stone ak
Whether the form OF construction
resembled the fish weirs used by the
North American Indians in the days
of the Pilgrims We are not Informed.
1t MAY be that the remnants oh
taincd were not sufficiently abund-
ant to permit n comparison.
Peopled 1000 Years Ago.
AT all events. we may rest as
suied that Boston was peopled 1000
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-09

.Er,t that messages frequently trav-
.clrd i5t miles day.
Ia Mexico the system was similar,
'h" rude hicrogIyphics of the Aztecs
( lrp.a ns the even cruder method OF
/ the PerurIans. II Is claimed by old
historians that some of these Next
can couriers Travelled four to five
Leagues an hour.
Tho courIers who brought news of
battles, or similar affairs of public
interest, were uniforms whose colors
varied according to whether the It'd
lngs was good or bad.
AS late as the beginning Of the
twentieth century the mail between
Valparaiso and Buenos Aires was car
RED over the Andes by runners on
SKIS. The Chilean and Argentine
governments maintained corps of
200 picked men, mostly Scandinav-
'ans who took the mail to and from
the railroads which ran to the great
mountain ranges. y
The travelling was done Mt attitudes
of from 5000 to $4,000 feet and
the routes were so difficult that It
often took six men to travel 100
miles 1t was not until railroad
was built through the Andes that
the service was discontinued
In countries where horses were
used the mounted courier replaced
the runner. Xenophon in the Ana
basis describes the swift riders who
bore messages and letters in Persia
and her tribute states RELAYS of
men and horses were maintained
along the great roads and the system
used varied little from that en-
pioyed In this country and in Eu-
rope up to the nineteenth century
All the great European and Asiatic
nations of antiquity had postal sery.
ice by mounted couricrs.
Mail Boats on Nile.
In Egypt the Nile boats were tho
precursors of the mail steamers of
today.
1t Is an interesting fact that it
was Massachusetts man, Edmund
Dummer' who, In 1907, established a
regular packet service between the
West Indies and England.
The system by which papal Lot
ters. DEGREES and messages were
| transmitted was possibly the firsr
| thoroughly organized postal systeu
IN medieval Europe, The co1riprs
were monks who were sent from civ
to city all over the continent They
were paid regularly and the records
at the vatican as far back aq The
twelfth century show the sums oy-
/ pended for these messengers.
! The University Of ris'organizoa
a service Of its own in the thlrtecnh |
century
In 1855 the lords OF the council |
~ England ordered that "postes ho- /
tween this and the north sbcnfd
eche keepe booko and make crtrve ,
| ot every lettre that he SHAH receive .
the time Of delivery thereof INTO ,bt. .
hands OF the parties named As
early as the fourteenth century Ic,. .
tors bear Endorsements which show. .
mat they were carried by men ana
horses under government control
Mall carrying In this country was
tTst by mounted courier ana l,te, /
hy coach. The so-ca'lod "st,f.a. /
coach period' began about 17S4 a,4 .
ended in 1884, when railroads hal
progressed so far that mail cou,s
be sent by them
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-09

If not indeed 5000 years ago. Such
is the story which a few sticks in
the mud tell TO the vision OF science.
The revelations OF this prehistoric
Boylston street fish weir make It
palmer than ever that fish is the
most fitting emblem of the COM
monwealth OF Massachusetts,.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-09
Costly Quarrels.

"Confound those feminine squab-
bles' They cost mo lot Of money
How ?"
whenever my wife quarrels with
another woman, she gets up a DIG
dinner party so as to snub the olaeF
woman by not inviting her"
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-06-09
Peoplcd 1000 Years Ago.

AT all events. we may rest as
uled that Boston was peopled 1000
The Holt County sentinel., 1918-03-08
NJ, l., Church Notes.

Tho Ladies' Aid will meet with Mrs.
Guy Conrad, Wednesday afternoon, at
$50; Choir practice Thursday morn
ing. Bishop Qualc will speak at the
White Temple church, st. Joseph, next
Friday, at 1925 Il. M, in the interests
Of the Missouri Wesleyan, and again
in the evening in the interests of the
hospital. DIR. Cameron Harmon, pres
ident of the Missouri Wesleyan Col
lcge, will also speak in the evening.
a banquet will be served in the
White Temple, at $3.50 p. M, 80 cents
per plate. Anyone wishing to attend
the banquet will kindly let me know
so a plate may be reserved.
Regular service next Sunday morn,
ing and evening. The Ladies' Quartet
Of the NJ. Il. church will sing next sun
day evening.
The committee, or committees from
the Christian, Presbyterian and thi'
church met last week to formulate
plans for union revival. They arr
now trying 10 secure an evangelist
Let US not forget to pray for the com
ing meeting.
Plans are being made for the Fast
err service, March 81. c. i. HAND.
The Holt County sentinel., 1918-03-08
Death Of Rev. Brown.

Rev. Duncan llrown, for over forty
years Presbyterian minister in this
section of our state. died at the home
Of his daughter, Mrs. u. y. AEplund,
in Santa Fc. New Mexico. where Rev.
Brown and wife had been for the vim
ter months. ON Tuesday Of last week,
February 20. 1918, AT the age Of ~
years.
Row nrown wns pns,or or scyorol
CHURCHES In and p,nr 81 Joscph for
many yca,s auJ had lived In Missouri
most ~ his lifc, lie was n veteran of
Tho Civil War and wns ,hnplnin of
Cus,cr p,s, No : q. A. r. nj tho
finn, of his drntb.
mn, I'll ,"I,,' r,.,.L,.,.,i. L.,,
NV M.,'' ~ - rl,"i '"u D..
w"S "'pnn..'" W M'S', 90, Wy 80, ~
n. ~ 'n'I"u"', ar" w yuu., 'o' -
~, "oMn '" '" wa. y. 90
prS' "' o."
suI''u w ."e ''Eu'"' lhS'"', .u'ir ~,
w ou'! 20 hnllI'S wv wv ,iI'''"I sn'n
ron ~ VIZ. .nn", w '.r oI'Runa '
,uen'"rrshlP 70 o'1ah," ll,c ohuI'n,
ATS, 9anc ntohn; now n'"''"p h''
VIZ p'l'hna'' sun ,"'Nls'H' ,,...
| nr VIZ wv c"rn'sn I'"louS M"rN',
Wv W. Muster N'h'yn'n, nnu n' sum
,nn inc snrten 9rghnlIailoh Us u
ssfong, I'llp'ous Dolly ana VIC c,,",tn
o. "uay y, ,nht place " one OF .ho
stronRes, III our county anu nu' tnp
oulgroWth Oh inc see" So"h ny Kew
brown. AT. A., p
| Sraig nv thls tlme M" no i,espy-
,er'an orsan,@atlon. ana i,''' nro"n,
" nrP, Inn , aaI', Went over 70 o
Sh'g, 'rpn s nounn 'l'y, M" ipun" u
rev OF N" Iai'hiu, among Whom Is
ueo. W. nilShi,,, sun Ilvlhg az the age
OF 80 years, I've organlSea th' s cas- !,
consisting OF SIN persons; am from u
nus grown , spiehhhiia , ennr n, organ ryan,
ahi ,. ihrpugh , ms en n my
ouIt .nS oro SPlpnu'u prmN enuarn ~ y,
nee W iS'ai neN, ntoMh re ,.i, ,sO ",
Sn hn o, ontS" . N,%o n ,ni until iooo
VIII W VII " a o'I hn, Mus i, cho,,,,,,,,
heV a hrow San was norn IN nI hn SSnis
The Holt County sentinel., 1918-03-08

at whose home he died, he is survived
by three daughters and one son; Miss
Helen Brown, of Everton, Mo-; Mics
Martha Brown, Of Indianapolis, Ind;
Miss Elizabeth Brown, Of st. Joseph,
and Louis 7, Brown, who is In army
service in France.
The body was brought to st. J,-
seph, where funeral services were held
Sunday last from the Westminster
Presbyterian church, and he was buried
with the honors of the G. A, r.
The Holt County sentinel., 1918-03-08
BIG JOB ON HANDS.
The State Board Of Equalization
Wrestling With the Assessment
Problem.

The State Board Of Equalization,
composed of the governor, attorney
general, secretary Of state, state treas
urer and state auditor, met in Jet-
fcrson City, Wednesday Of last week,
February %, 1918, to review the re-
ports of assessors on the assessed vat
uation of real estate, farms and per.
sona property in the ia counties OF
the state made in 1917 and on which
the levy will he based in payment Of
taxes in 1918.
The 1917 assessed valuations were
practically made under the supcrvis-
ion Of a tax commission treated for
that purpose, and which had as its
main object to encourage assessors
throughout the state to raise all prop
crty to an assessed valuation Of 100
per cent. In some of these counties,
including Holt, the assessors carried
out the instructions Of the tax COM
mission, which literally was created by
state statute passed by the last leg
islaturc. In other counties the asses
sors declined 10 be stampcdcd by the
tax commission, and made raises nc
corning to their Judgment ~ to what
was fair aud equitable to the taxpayer
The constitution of the state makes
| il the duty Of the board of oqualiza-
ton to cuualizc the values among the
counties. In every county an uproal
has gone up over the activity OF tn,
state tax commission in demanding
the enormous raises that appear u
valuation over year ago. and dc.
mands will be- made on the board oil
| L.. .sf.Itntt..t, N IA
establish a basis of equalization tina,
will produce all the revenue needed.
"Thc duties of the state board c'
equalization shall be to adjust an,
lcuualize the valuation Of real and per
sonal property among the scvcra
counties IN the state. and II will per
form such other duties ~ are or ma!
be- prescribed by law" says the con
stitution.
When Herbert $. iladlcy was gov
crnor he undertook 10 cpualizc the val
lucs among the counties, with an cy'
single To the absolute needs OF tn
state, but could only get the supper
of the then state treasurer, jane
ICowgl, Cornelius Roach and his M
sociatcs on the board all Democrats
utterly opposed Governor lladley an,
Treasurer Cowgirl, and the governor.
proposition at the time was defeated
MIR. Roach L. now nj the head Of tn
state tax commission, and he want.
all classes Of property assessed on tn
100 cent basis. Had lladlcy's plal
been adopted at the time he propose
Il, sufficient revenue for all time woul'
be produced. and the state would no
today he In the attitude Of having
commission debating abnormal In
lcreascs TO county assessors.
Up to Wednesday Of last week. prac
,icnlly the asscssors' returns OF tn
Ina counties Of the state were NIL IN
and we publish the returns n mad
for the six counties composing thi
congressional district. together witt
assessed valuations for the 1917 taxes
Il iyi. 1918
The Holt County sentinel., 1918-03-08
Back Home.

c. d. Zook and wife have returned
from their recent trip to many points
Of interest in the Southland; returning
they, with their daughter, Mrs. Sher-
man Hubbard, who accompanied them,
stopped at Camp Mcpherson, where
they visited with her husband, Lieut..
DR.. Sherman Hubbard, Of the Medical
department. While there the party
visited with Fred Cook and wife, and
they report them a. In good health
and having q fine time, and that Fred
was proving out In excellent shape In
every test that had come up TO him.
The Holt County sentinel., 1918-03-08
For Congress.

William E. Spratt, Of st. Joseph,
No., hereby declares himself and am
nounces that he will be Q candidate
nomination Of Representative Of the
eth Missouri District IN the National
Congress At Warrington, d. c.. In the
STATE Primary Election to be held
August 9Th, 1918.
The Holt County sentinel., 1918-03-08
Al Auction.

Having rented out all our farming
land we will sell our matched team Of
all purpose mares at auction In A. j.
Lander's public sale at Forest City,
March II. See display advertisement
and bills. A. A. JEFFREY.
The Holt County sentinel., 1918-03-08
For Sale or Trade-My s town
lots and my city property.

For Sale-500 hedge posts; 2 tons
of oats straw; ton or more Of alfalfa
hay. DAN THURMAN,
Oregon, Mo.
JUST ARRIVED-An attractive
line Of Misses and childrens' dresses,
in beautiful plaids and plains, with
plaid trimming, and at prices lees than
YOU can buy the goods for. You will
miss Il II you do not investiGate be-
fore buying elsewhere. G. w. KING.
The Holt County sentinel., 1918-03-08
Brought Good Prices.

The Omcr Williams public sale.
held on Tuesday, Of last week, Fcbru-
AIRY 20, was great success, and Cot.
oncl Babb. the auctionccr, enabled
Omer to swell his bank account $500.
A 2-yoar-old hcifcr brought SiOO;
three young COWS sold brought an av-
eragc Of So; n span Of small mules
sold for $50; alfalfa brought S25 n
ton: oats STE: corn Sl.GG, and implc'
mcnts went sNyward. The Forest City
Red Gross served the lunch. a hoe
was put up and sold for iac, and Il was
put Up and sold I'll ,mcs, when
brought total Of SI5.15, \ Rhode Is
land rooster was disposed Of the same
way, and $50 was realized; white
hen and rooster sold the same way,
brought Sl5, and little red pig went
for Sl5. The society realized $50.
At the John llamm sale, held Thurs
day, February 2S, everything put up
brought good prices, and when the
total sale went IN TO $3.50, John gave
q smile of satisfaction. Brood sows
went at from SIS TO $50 head. Gifts
averaged $40; stock shoats at zoe per
IN
The commonwealth., 1918-02-20
LADIES HOSE.

Black, white and big assortment of Fancy
Silk Hose, really 75c value, sale price 49c
Evening star., 1918-06-30
FINANCE LOCAL AND OTHERWISE.

about decided to appeal to President
Wilson. They are said to believe that
the powers conferred on the Presi-
dent by the declaration of war. re-
inforced by the Overman bill. were
sufficient to enable him to order in
creased fares. and that IL this policy
is agreed upon, II will anect every
community in the country having
street railway lines.
There could be no more satisfac-
tory and adequate (because wide
spread) solution of this problem than.
with one federal stroke. to release
this important part of the Industrial
and investment service from unwise.
unfair, and destructive restriction"
Local Securities.
"The Washington Gas Company has
made all arrangements for caring for
the outstanding Georgetown Gas GER
tificates. maturing August l." said
Howard Reeside. president Of the for
mer corporation.
The Lanston Monotype Company is
very busy these days, not only in Its
usual production, but also In making
part parts OF machine s guns. ., rifles etc etc,
working capital. this being the rea-
son why the last dividend was paid in
script.
J. Maury Dove. president Of the
company. expects that the next divi-
dend declaration will be payable in
cash.
SO far this year there has not been
single transaction In the stocks of
any OF the savings banks listed on
the local exchange.
Portland and Bar Harbor will be the
attraction for a number of stock ex-
change men and bankers in the very
near future on the first warm spell.
While the holders of American
orally exchanged their stock for
shares of the Columbia Graphophone,
the dividends declared last week were
made by the American Graphophone
Company.
A study for a moment or two of the
table published elsewhere on this
page, showing the year to date on
the local stock exchange, will give
the information that Washington
securities have enjoyed a steady mar
ket during the first six months of the
year-steadier than on any other
market in the world: 1t has not ad-
vanced to any extent, but 1t has not
weakened and one offsets the other.
Washington Gas shows about the best
advance. from an opening of the year
at 81 to so for high and IS for the
last price; other than Graphophone,
of which but six shares have been
traded in between SIN and 81
In the first half of 1918 Riggs Ma
tional. Second National, Capital Ma
tional. Columbia National and Ma
tional Savings and Trust shares did
not show on the sales record of the
stock exchange.
Evening star., 1918-06-30
THOMAS L. HUME, Broker,
1412 C Street. Tel. M. 1886
NEW YORK PRODUCE.

NEW YORK, June 29.-Corn-Spot
strong; fresh sheIled No. yellow.
2O04, and No 3 yellow. 1909. cost
and freight. New York
Oats-Spot easy. standard. ssisaSs.
Cotton seed oil. featuriess and un-
changed.
EyaDorated apples, dull. prunes.
frr,. Califoryias .t.a153s oreeons,
l4ha14a. Apricots, and peaches,
quiet; raisins, steady.
Other articles unchanged.
Evening star., 1918-06-30
CHICAGO GRAIN.

CHICAGO. June 2s.-Lower prices
for corn resulted today from improved
weather. The market closed unset
tied. u to u down: oats finished Y
Ioff to a advance, and provisions
varying from unchanged figures to a
gain of 25 cents.
Relief from excessive heat in the
southwest was shown and there were
kansas and Nebraska rain reports.
which induced considerable selling Of
corn. Besides. the indications pointed
Evening star., 1918-06-30

to generally normal conditions
throughout the coming week. instead
Of the eastward spread Of the hot
wave which had been looked for. The
fact that receipts here continued of
fairly good volume. despite current
talk of a decrease to make way for
wheat, tended also to handicap the
bulls. Buying support was limited
from the outset. Even the usual week
end adjustment OF trade failed to
bring about any important reaction.
Notwithstanding that primary receipts
Evening star., 1918-06-30

Spot No. . red. soft. 2.23: spot No
red winter. 224: receipts. 1.135
bushels.
Corn-Reoeipts. 1,113 bushels; ex-
ports, 20.424.
oats-steady; standard white. S5ka
So; No. 5 white, 85h: receipts. III. $50
bushels: exports, 161, ,162.
Rye-Unsettlsd; No. . western ex-
port, 10; receipts. 2.346 bushels; ex-
ports. los, ,400i
Hay-Dull: No. timothy and No. l
clover, mixed, unchanged.
Evening star., 1918-06-30

for the week were smaller than last
year
There was some belated covering
In June oats. and that option closed
higher Other deliveries Of oats SYM
pathized with the weakness Of corn.
Nothing was heard of export demand.
Liberal shipments Of meats made
provisions average higher. Declines
in the value of hogs failed to act a.
an Offset. Most OF the pit business
consisted of changing.
BALTIMORE, Nd, June 2s.-wheat
Evening star., 1918-06-30
| Will Sell

81 900 Potomac ConsoI. Sc At 94N.
$1,000 Warrington Gas 59e at Ds.
$4,000 Wash. Rwy. & Elec. 4 70 at %.
Is Washington Gas at IS.
40 Wash. Rwy. & Eiec. com. at 5S.
Is Wash. Rwy- & Elec. pfd. mt 6e.
500 Washington Utilities.
2S Washington Gas At 81
10 Mergenthaler at 10 ex.
IS Lanston af 62.
10 Munsey Trust Co. af 80.
20 Commercial Nat. Bank at 100 ex.
Is franklin Nat. Bank.
40 Riggs Nnt. Bank At a6S.
100 Central Savings Bank at II.
Is NOrthwest Savings bank at 10.
20 Exchange Bank of Wash. mt ebx.
200 American Paper Can ibid wantedD.
50 Buell. Signal Il Train at Sh.
400 Phoebe Mines Co. at 20 cents
700 Celestine OIL.
10 Heurich's Brewing Co. ibid wtd.).
10 Ontario Apartment mt 20.
Evening star., 1918-06-30

MONEY TO LOAN
On d. c. Real Estate. Lowest Ratea
Jesse L. HEISkELL,
14nS II ST. NV.
Evening star., 1918-06-30
Early Closing Movement.

Many Washington banks lost part of
their help in the recent draft. Others
are sure to be hard hit in the future
drawings. and more and more women
are filling their places.
They will not work overtime as the
young men have done day in and day
out during the last six months: the
laws of the District specify the num-
ber of hours that they may work, and
it will be practically impossible to keep
pace with business demands. perhaps
during the next liberty loan campaign,
unless an hour a day is cut of from
the business hours.
Many bankers favor it.
The trouble in Washington in max
ing a success Of any new movement is
the fact that the bankers rarely agree
on unanimity of action, and even more
rarely put 1t in practice.
In this matter 1t looks much like
case Of Hobson's choice, sooner or
later.
Evening star., 1918-06-30
| Will Buy

Is Capital Traction at s3h.
25 Wash. Rwy. 4 Elec. pfd. at 81.
Is Warrington Gas Mt 5SA.
10 Commercial Nat. Bank at 1SS ex.
8 Riggs Nat. Bank Mt As
500 Miller Train Control at 20.
LOCO Cele.tlne OIL.
Exclusive of commissions. Subject to
previous acceptance or cancellation.
Bonds plus accrued interest. All exc
cutions for cash. Deliveries for cash
at your own bank.
Evening star., 1918-06-30
DRY GOODS MARKET.

NEW YORK, June 29.-Cotton goods.
yarns and wool goods today were
quiet. Burlaps were steady with the
trend higher. Linens were scarce.
Evening star., 1918-06-30
JOHN |. EDWARDS & co.

hSs s,Sss ssaet