davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
aFREEDOM OF THE sEAs.r

| In his fourteen conditions of peace
President Wilson stated the American
doctrine of Freedom of the Seas" as
follows:
Absolute freedom of navigation
upon the seas outside territorial
waters alike in peace and war,
except as the seas may be closed
in whole or in part by interna-
tiona1 action for the enforcement
of international covenants"
Those we'll read in the history of
Great Britain had good reason to be-
lieve that that country would not
willingly subscribe to this doctrine
expressed by the President.
Britannia rules the wave" has been
an English shibbolith for many gem
erations.
Germany built.a great army to DOM
mate on the land, and Great Britain
a mighty navy to rule the oceans,
With either of these military powers
unfettered world peace is not possible,
and President Wilson proposed to
fetter both by international cove
nants."
The New York World ably argues
the question as follows:
Whatever interpretations may be
placed upon the Presidents proposal
elsewhere, few British statesmen can
be in ignorance Of his meaning or the
meaning of the people of the United
States. In this country, freedom of
the seas has always been associated
with the sanctity of private property
afloat, as in the case on land where
international law is observed We
have held fast to the doctrine that
free ships make free goods, which is
to say that unless the goods are con-
trabrand they cannot be seized and the
neutral vessel carrying them cannot
be captured or destroyed
"That we never were able to write
this principle into international law
has been due largely to the opposition
of Great Britain. International law
has been ignored too often in the pres
ent war on both sides, technicalities
serving Great Britain and violence
Germany. BY pronouncing practically
everything contraband, the one has
inflicted enormous hardships upon
neutrals, whereas the other, with
its submarines, has wantonly destroy
ed life and property, neutral as well
as enemy. The responsibility of Great
Britain cannot be compared with that
Of Germany, and yet in different de-
gree both powers have been trans
gressors.
''Until the law of nations can be re-
stored and respected we shall have no
guarantee of universal peace or free
dom except such as resides in force
In hardly any other respect is that law
more in need of application than in |
this, and now that the whole matter |
Of ornaments by land and by sea is !!
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27

coming up for adjudication the United
States will be false to it's entire his
tory if it does not insist upon COM
plete and satisfactory settlement of
the question which it/has raised.
"The American definition of free
dom Of the seas cannot be more clear
ly expressed thar ip the words of
William L. Marcy, then Secretary Of
State, who in 1856 refused to sign the
agreement of the Paris Conference as
to sea power in wartime unless this
proviso was included.
THAT the private property of
subjects and citizens of a bellig-
erent on the high seas shall be ex-
empted from seizure by public
armed vessels of the other bellig-
./erent, except it be contraband.'
IF this is to. end war, the treaty of
peace must remove the wrongs that
provoke war. Germany's poor excuse
for it's undersea crimes was the plea
that by interfering with neutral COM
merce, even though it accepted legal
and financial responsibility Great
Britain had violated international law.
The desperation with which German
ruthlessness thus justived was carried
on led inevitably to the participation
of the United States in the war, not
to sustain Great Britain in any injus-
tice but to punish an offender whose
guilt was so much more pronounced.
From the attitude of the British
representatives at the peace table on
this and kindred issues we shall be
able to judge the sincerity Of that
powers professions of support for the
splendid ideals so nobly upheld by the
President. Militarism of the sea must
go with militarism of the land, or there
can be no real triumph for the Ameri-
can cause. 1t is on this truth that
the strongest hope for league of
nations must rest. If vast armies are
no more to scourge the earth, over
mastering naVies must also be with
drawn and the ideas controlling them
abandoned or modified.
"A league of nations to enforce
peace is still dream, but an agree
ment of nations to give UP the old
abuses ought to be practicable at once.
A league OF nations devoted to peace
will automatically end most of the
contentious, ambitions and aggressions
which have made carnage, suffering
and debt chronic.
BY their action on this one ques-
ton, not Great Britain alone but the
United States, France and Italy, all
self-conscious now with
their mighty ornaments at sea, are to
be judged. With or without league
of nations, they can nobly save or
meanly lose the fruits of victory
which ought to end forever an incite-
ment to war almost as profile as irres-
ponsible German autocracy itself
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
Pottery the Oldest Art.

Pottery is the oldest, the longest and
most widely diffused of all human arts.
Its history, If recorded, would be as
old as the history Of man its record
ed history begins with the building Of
the tower of Babel The Oldest pot
terry known is Egyptian, but every PEG,
pie, civilized or barbarian, has prac-
ticed the art in one or another form.
All study in every department of art
begins at a period not long after the
Mosaic deluge, but pottery is the
earliest of all forms of art.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
WILL BE NO SOFTNESS.
lDes Moines Register).

If any lurking suspicion is harbored
in the German mind that the world is
going to judge leniently of the Incl
dents leading up to the war, or of Ger
man conduct of the war. a rude
awakening is ahead. The allied world
will not permit the women and chill
dren of Germany to suffer actual pri-
walton. but there is to be an account
ing. and the German people might as
well prepare to suffer in silence as to
wear themselves out with over-much
moaning.
Too much was said in the day of
victory about what Germany proposed
for the rest of the world to make any
thing but the record of value now.
Even if majority OF the German peo-
ple, as may readily be the case, were
not at heart for the subjugation of
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
Combs,

Combs have been used in the toilet
since very ancient times. The Greeks,
the Egyptian and the Roman ladies
used them to arrange and hold up their
hair; even ladies among the Swiss lake
dwellers seem to have been familiar
with them. Some of these were made
of wood. some of bone, of horn or of
ivory. Specimens have often been
found in recent years.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
Food Value Of Fish.

The high worth of fish as food IL
strongly upheld by the Journal of the
American Medical Association, noting
that fish must be better cared for than
some other forms of animal food, but
concluding ut is no just criticism Of
fish to say that they may be harmful
unless properly cared for"
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27

The republicans will probably have
a majority of one or possibly two in
the United States Senate after the 4th
of next March. But better thousand
times have a republican majority of
two, than a democratic majority OF
two counting Senator Reed of Missouri
and Senator Vardaman Of Mississippi
as democrats.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
J, 3. Bali Discusses HOUSING.

Boston, Nov. discrimination Of
Stun districts in American cities was
considered by delegates attending the
seventh annual conference Of the Ma
tional Housing association here. The
housing question was taken up by
Charles r. Ball. chief sanitary inspect
or of the Chicago health department.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
MANS Eandican.

'Mere man was placed under q hand
leap shortly after creation" said the
near-cynic. ''Eve had the snake to
fall back on when she wanted to make
her husband jealous but poor Adam
didn't have SOUL Which makes us
positive that Eve was the original
snake indianapolis. Sta.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
That Golden Tomorrow.

It is easy to believe in That golden
tomorrow. To young people particu-
larly, the future seems bright with
promise, no matter what the COM
plexion Of the present. But it should
be remembered that tomorrow is like
ly to have strong resemblance to to-
day, and that the future is made gold
en- by ardent work in the present.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
AUSTRIA VIOLATES TERMS
Rome Says Enemy Released italian
Prisoners Without Food and
Poorly Clothed.

Rome, Nov. 27.-Austria-H Hungary is
violating the armistice by releasing
Italian prisoners without food and
poorly clothed, says unofficial note is
sued through the Stefani agency. The
Italians also are being set free all at
once instead Of in successive Sec
tfOnS
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
ENEMY OWNED SEATS SEIZED
Alien Property Custodian to Sell New
York Exchange Rights to
Americans.

New York, Nov. 2.-Fourteen en-.
envy owned seats on the New York
stock exchange, the New Orleans cot
ton exchange, the New York cotton
exchange and other markets have
been seized by A. Mitchell Palmer,
alien property custodian, it was an.
nounced here. The seats will be sold
shortly to American citizens.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
Tzhinr OF Ink ssalns.

1t may not he generally known that
it is quite easy to take ont ink stains
with common soda. Damp the stain
with cold water and then cover
it with soda. Leave it for about
an hour. til the stain completely dis
appears. 1t does not leave a mark
after.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
Oriuin of Honeymoon,

To the ancients honeymoon was a
luxurious beverage prepared with the
sirupy secretion of the bee. 1t was
the custom to drink of this diluted
honey for 80 days, or a moons age,
after wedding feast. Hence arose
the term honeymoon, which is of leu
tonic origin.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
WON'T CENSOR PEACE NEWS
Washington Officials Say Correspond
ents Will Be Given Facilities for
Transmitting Dispatches.

Washington, Nov. 27.-It was said
that there was no foundation whatever
for talk of a censorship over news of
the peace conference and that Ameri.
can newspaper correspondents would
be given all facilities possible for trans,
hitting their dispatches.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
cou,dn,t Fave worried Much.

Before he died ut the age Of ninety
SIX years. the oldest member of the
British parliament said that he had
no secret formula for the prolongation
IF life. except It aight be that he
never bothered about his health. he
smoked and he ate and drank what
pleased him most. It's quite evident
that he was an honorary member Of
the Don't Worry club.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
Possible Source Of Tresses.

The other day /, with neighbours
child, went to hairdresser's estab-
lishment. The child has red hair.
While was buying various things the
child was busy looking about. She
finally discovered some false hair the
color of her own and came to me with
this question: 81 wonder il my red
hair was boughten here when / was
borned.' Chicago Tribune.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27

The world needs President Wilson
at the peace conference and he is not
going to disappoint the world. He
will be there as true representative
of the most unselfish and humanity
loving people that ever inhabited this
satellite of the sun.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
Could Not Live Without Birds.

The value OF b1rdS TO man IS Daseu7
principally on their feeding habits.
Their greatest help is through their
activity in eating harmful insects.
their eggs and larvae. Without this
constant aid, we would be powerless
to protect our trees and crops from
the ravages of caterpillars, beetles
borers and such creatures.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27

Germany is in state of anarchy,
and it is quite within the POSSIBLE
ties that the allied armies will have
to police that country before a real
government can be established. In
that event it will be long time be-
fore all OF our boys are again "over
barn -
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27

A Bolsheyiki is an individual with
out either education or property, who
believes that he can better his con-
dition by killing everyone who possess
es either property or education.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
Law Of the Last Hen

"The Lay of the Last Minstrel" may
have caused some apprehension in its
day, but were the lay of the last hen
to be announced in purs there would
certainly be a panic.lSeattle Post-In-
telligencer.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
Peru AND CHILE BREAK
Lima Recalls ENJOYS; Riots
Force Crisis.
Foreign Office Charges oytraaes
Against Representatives - Shops
Wrecked-QuarreI Is Old.

Washington, Nov. 27.-Though with
out official confirmation concerning
the serious situation between Chile
and Peru, the state department is Civ.
Ing the matter close attention and it
is regarded as possible that an oppor-
tunity will be found to tender the
good offices of the American govern
ment to compose the controversy.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
caiIlaux Now to Political Prison.

Paris, Nov. 27.-Joseph Caillaux,
former premier, who is charged with
treason, has been removed from the
military prison to the Prison de la
Sante, because the Jurisdiction over
his case is political, rather than mill
tary.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27

the time President Wilson is abroad.
Washington, Nov. 27.-About one
month is the time President Wilson
expects to be in Europe for the open
ing Of the peace conference and pre-
lfminary discussions. No definite linn
it has been fixed, but it was said au-
thoritatively today that the president
plans to be back ON American soil
within six weeks after his ship sails
for the other side.
It also became known that the Ital-
ian ambassador, Count di Cellere, as
well as Ambassador Jusserand OF
France and the American peace dele
cation, will cross on the ship with the
president.
Jusserand to Join Celebration.
Ambassador Jusserand, who with
Mrs. Jusserand will accompany Pres
ident Wilson, has not had vacation
since he rushed back to America at
the outbreak of the European war, and
he goes to join in his peoples cele-
bration after victory and probably to
play part in the peace conference.
The invitation from the president to
make the voyage at the same time is
as a special tribute to France
and also as a mark of the high esteem
which President Wilson entertains per-
son1lly for thp amhnSSador
Ambassador Jusserand and Mrs. Jus.
serdnd Monday night gave the first re-
eeption held at the French embassy
since the beginning of the war. The
occasion was the celebration of the
entry of Marshal Foch into Strass-
burg, capital of Alsace, at the head of
forces, and the
guests included President Wilson and
Mrs. Wilson, members Of the cabinet,
representatives of the allied
and neutral countries and army and
navy officers.
Delay In Announcing Membership.
Delay In the announcement of the
names of the American commissioners
to the peace conference is. understood
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27

Buenos Aires, Argentina, Nov. Pr
Chile has withdrawn her consuls from
Peru. This will constitute a diplo-
matte rupture, as there have been nc
ministers in either country since the
nitrate war in which Chile won Tacna
and africa. the cause of trouble now
between the two nations.
Lima, Peru, Nov. 27-It is officially
announced Peru has withdrawn her
consuls from Chile as a result of the
renewal of anti-Peruvian rioting in
Iquique and Antofagasta.
Buenos Aires, Nov. 2e.-The Peru.
Wan legation here received the fol.
lowing dispatch from the Peruvian
minister of foreign affairs:
'After the extraordinary outrages
at Iquique Saturday, during which the
property of several Peruvians was
sacked, Chilean crowds Sunday at.
tackled the Peruvian consul at Iqui-
que. Senior L. Mesa, while he was on
his way to the mayor to protest
against the riots.
He was carried by force aboard
small vessel anchored in the port.
The authorities and the police con.
sented to the outrage and notified the
consul they would not permit him to
disembark.
Upon receiving this notice the
Peruvian government has Withdrawn
its consular representatives from
Chile"
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
Enamelad Ware.

The best way to clean enameled
ware Is to use little ordinary salt and
no soda; this will keep 1t In new con-
tlition.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27

A socialist is man who has moth
ing land believes in sharing it with
everybody.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
When They Weloh Most.

A floating item states that It takes
5000 bees to weigh pound. They
weigh more when they sit down.
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
Manchester Democrat. [volume] (Manchester, Iowa) 1875-1930, 1918-11-27
WILSON PEACE
TRIP TO TAKE
over MONTH
President Plans to Remain Four
weeks at Conference
in France.
ENVOY JUssERaND HONORED
Italian and French Ambassadors and
American Delegates Will Go to
Europe on the Same Ship as
Chief Executive.

Washington, Nov. 27.--Three thou
sand miles across the Atlantic, Presi-
dent Wilson will retain and exercise
all the powers of president OF the
United States. Vice President Mar
shall let this be known in announcing
that he plans speaking tour across
the country that will keep him away
from Washington practically all Of
the time President Wilson is abroad.
Evening star., 1918-09-13
Mr.. DENT SAYS He WILL
PUSH D. c: GUARD BILL

In q conference with a delegation
representing Washington trade or
ganizations today. Chairman Dent Of
the House military affairs committee
promised that he would use his ut
most endeavor to get the new Dis
trict National Guard bill passed by
the House as soon a. the revenue bill
has been disposed Of.
Chairman Dsnt told the delegation
heswas heartily in favor Of this new
bill, which has already passed the
Senate, been. favorably reported by
the military affairs committee Of the
House and Is now op the calendar.
The Washington business leaders
told Mr., Dent that many Of the men
between the ages Of eighteen and
forty-five who registered yesterday
under the draft regulations are en-.
listing in the District Guard TO get
preliminary training in anticipation
States Army. They said that there
are now more than 1000 men receiv-
ing regular training, who are anxious
to enlist as soon as the bill has
The delegation included Gen. Rioh-
ard d, Simms, commanding the Dis
trict OF Columbia Militia; Col. John
McElroy, editor Of the National Tri-
bune: W. r. Galliher, president Of the
washington Board of Trade; Isaac
Cans, vice president Of the Chamber
Of Commerce; Col. John G. CApers, r..
=. Strickland and Winfield Jones.
Evening star., 1918-09-13
TRANSPORT US. TROOPS
AT INDUSTRIES EXPENSE
British Ships Deal Crushing Blow
to the Germans, Lloyd
George Declares.

MANCHESTER, England, September
13.-Of particular interest to the
American public was the reference
made by the premier in yesterdays
speech to the advent Of the American
forces in France. The full text Of the
passage in which he made this refer
ence reads:
"The additional facts which de-
presses the Germans is the advent Of
the Americans. They have been pour
ing in steadily. There is no finer feat
in the history Of British industry
than the way in which our shipping
has. been taken away from all sorts
Of urgent business in order to concen-
trate on Transporting the troops I,s
60 per cent Of the American troops
across the Atlantic.
There is another German miscal-
culation for you. They were under
the Impression that no moro than
There were many people who thought
that, but q special effort was made,
and you never know what you can do
until you really try in any business.
When British shipping was mobil-
lied without any loss OF time Tor the
it was a marvellous feat. Of which we
have real reason to be proud as a
nation.
"They are there now. hundreds Of
thousands Of them, and the Germans
know It. The advance guard Of an
finest material in the world is tight
ing. The Germans have no America.
and as a result Of their despair they
are actually turning to Austria"
Evening star., 1918-09-13
RECREATION LEAGUE WILL
HOLD MEET TOMORROW

rwenty-three events In all, q final
relay race between the Army and
Navy and . singing contest between
departments are the principal fea-
lures Of the track and Held meet to
be given at the Central High School
stadium tomorrow afternoon under
tho auspices Of the Government Rec
reation League for government en-
Prises will be awarded In thrift
stamps. A silk dag viii b given to
the department makipg the most
points, including the Sinving con
test.
which will be shown BY Z large nag
whore rooters and spectators. ot each
By entrants to all events, are a. fol-
lows: Blue and white. Navy; black
and yellow, War; red and white,
Treasury; green and orange. Agricul-
ture; bun and blue. Post ONCE: red
and green, Commerce: white, Justice;
green and yellow Interior; red and
green. Interstate Cemmercs Commits
blue, Labor, and black and white, other
boards and commissions.
Louis l., Doyle. Interstate Com
merce Commission, has been named
head ofilcial, and c. 4. Metsler. Cen
tral High gchool. referee. Other ON
|eials are q. ,. Byrd. =. Jank oAss.
Z; A. Dysen. 1ryanH Il A9ssa % %M!lli,n Z
Z Is tasrta 3 y. 4sslwis. 4.
ssnusl seiomoa ~ - q
Evening star., 1918-09-13
PoINcARE VISITS SCENES
OF HUN DESTRUCTION

PARIS, September 12.-President
poincare has visited the front to OBJ
serve the conditions Of the troops in
the zone liberated and particularly
those regions where the enemy car
ried out systematic destruction be-
fore retiring. Accompanied by Gems.
Fayolles and Humbert he inspected
chauny, Noyon. Nesle. Guiscard and
Ham. ~.
t.raii with war material left behind
by the enemy in his hurried red retreat; tnsa:
All the trees bordering these ROADS
and the fruit orchards had been cut
down. The towns and villages were
in ruins from +ho houses s,rD.S blown Ey.rT up Sy
,vhare churches had been destroyed.
The hospital at Ham and the ambu-
lances had been burned.
.The, ,president felicitated the troops
on their bravery and endurance in
the recent operations.
Evening star., 1918-09-13
SAYS AUSTRIA CAN RESIST
ATTEMPTS TO BREAK IT UP

AMSTERDAM, September IA
Baron Won Hussarek. the Austrian
premier, in a speech at dinner given
to the group Of German journalists
now visiting Austria. is quoted in q
dispatch from Vienna ~ saying:
"Under the glorious Hapsburg
scepter for centuries Austria has be-
como a state OF strength which will
enable It to meet. every defaminx
catchword 70 expel and overcome
disease bearers. and to offer strong
resistance to all attempts to break il
up. no matter from what side they
come"
Evening star., 1918-09-13
FIGHTING IN PETRoaRAp.
LONDON. september 12.-Rus.

LONDON. September 12.-Russian
peasants. who reveited against the
bolshevik government: = few days
ago. are reported to have entered
Petrograd and TO have BEEN Joined
by . large part Of the population.
says a dispatch from Copenhagen to
the Central News Agency.
Severe lighting ID proceeding IN the
city and flres have broken out At sew
eral placeA