davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-05-03
BOY ON WAY
HOME FROM WAR ZONE
(St. Petersburg Times)

Carson Brandon, of Brandon, fla"
is on his way home from the wal
zone to his home in Florida after nav
ing spent four years in the D. D
naval service. The past seven
months he has seen actual war uu'S
on the seas on the other SIDE. ne
has received an honorable dlscharse
from the service after completing MS
enlistment period.
The lad is a nephew of County
Judge Leroy Brandon. Another uh'
Gle is member of the Pinellas coun-
ty exemption board.
Young Carson has been on the
Wheeling. He ranked as plumber
and filter. which was his trade before
he entered the navy. He is Dig
powerful fellow, eager to serve
through the scrap" with Germany
and as soon as he has seen his folks
expects to re-enter the navy, unless
he is needed at some navy yard on
war materials.
He has been on active patrol duty
much of the time at the Azores lie
was in one of the principal towns
when two submarines came up and
opened fire on the place. At thai
time there were many survivors com
ling in and number Of alarming rum
| ors were in circulation. Conditions
looked serious. The situation has
now cleared up considerably, he says
1t is his opinion the submarines arr
doing nothing like the damage the.
, caused a few months ago. Their &C
, tivities around the zone where n
. was on patrol have almost ceased.
: Carson Brandon has not been HON
3 TOR more than two years. He
4 afraid the girls in his old home tow
J, have forgotten him, but he's goin
s there in ms wide-bottomed sailo
s trousers, his natty blouse and hi
. kmore than six feet of vigorous mar
r hood tt see If there is one little p;
3. triot in skirts who can persuade hi
a to stay ashore and make guns il
VI stead Of helping to keep the highway
IS of the seas open for Uncle Sam
Is soldiers and marines and for nece
= sary supplies tc the fighting forces
ia
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-05-03
FIRE IN BROOKSVILLE
DESTROYS BIG HOTEL
Varnada Hotel Was Wholly Destroyed
by Fire Yesterday

Brooksville, May 1.-THE three
story varnada hotel, the largest in
the city, was completely destroyed by
fire Sunday. The loss is estimated at
about $4,000, with about $4,000 Of
insurance. The fire was one OF the
worst ever seen here, and for time
threatened the entire business Sec
ton, which led the authorities 20
send call to Tampa for assistance.
IA few minutes later the fire was
found to be under control and word
was then sent for the Tampa De-
partment not to come, but Chief W.
M Mathews was already en- route to
render what assistance it could.
The fire was confined to the hotel
building, although it came very near.
liz communicating itself to block Of
brick buildings near by, the closest
Of which wah the fernando STATE
Bank. The bank and the other bricl
buildings in this block were saved b,
, high brick fire wall between then
{ land the hotel. This was a wall twelv
feet higher than the hotel and effec
!, tually kept the flames from travelin
0 Ito the other side. It was while tn
/ flames from the hotel, famed by
n strong wind, were beating against tn
|, wall like an angry sea that the ca
J. was sent to Tampa.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-05-03

New York, May 1.-For the purpose
of alternating the conditions caused
by the scarcity of small dwellings the
Socialist members of the Saxon Diet
have introduced a motion demanding
that after the conclusion of peace,
the construction of villas and sump-
tuous homes be forbidden until the
demand for small dwellings has been
met. Apartments not fully utilized
would be taken over by the state, un.
der this plan, say German newspa
pers.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-05-03
FOUR aMINNIEs'
memphis Commercial Appeal.)

memphis Commercial Appeal.)
What's in a name? Well, sometimes
a good deal of sentiment and a good
deal of mental suggestion.
The -four Minnies" were four big
transport ships in the service Of the
gcvernment-the Minneapolis, the
Minnehaha the Minnewaska, the Min
netonkas. Back and forth across the
ocean, like huge shuttles in the loom
OF commerce, they went and came,
laden with grain or coal or horses
for our allies. But the enemy was
ever on the watch, and at last the
Minneapolis went down, leaving her
burden of trade to the other three.
Then the Minnehaha and Minnewaska
found their fate in the far caerns of
the sea, and only the Minnetonkas
was left to give the hail to the pilots
as she came and went on her cease
less voyages. How much tonnage she
carried to the allies only her shipping
and sailing masters knew; but she
did yeoman service.
The lurking submarine was al
ways on her track, and how she man
aged to escape during So man.
months no one may say; but, lik
! many another brave servant Of free
dom, she dared the fates once too of
ten-for she is reported at her doc
as missing and the trade know
Ter no more.
When the history of,the war
written the -four Minnies" shout
have at least paragraph telling tn
faithful work they did for the W
holders Of liberty.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-05-03
DID YOU KNOW

Did you know that to take the wa
ter in which rice has been cooked
and mix it with the juice poured off
a can of tomatoes will make good
foundation for soup?
Did you know that tablespoon OF
peanut butter is equal to half table
spoonful Of fat in cooking?
Did you know that the only part OF
the milk lacking in skinned milk is
the fat? So in recipes where other fat
is used, the SKINNED milk will do as
we'll as the whole milk.
Did you know that in baking, every
egg that is used reduces the amour.
OF baking powder one teaspoon?
Did you know that little salt
helps the flavor where sugar Is Gus
tomarily used? Yes, even in stewet
prunes.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-05-03

A RESOLUTION PROPOSING AND APPROX.
ING AMENDMENT TO THE CITY CHAR
TER OF THE CITY OF LAKELAND. POLK
COUNTY. FLORIDA, AUTHORIZING THE
SAID CITY OF LAKELAND TO PURCHASE,
ALTER AND MAINTAIN A GAS PLANT
vIDING FOR THE ISSUANCE OF BONDS
IN THE SUM OF TWO HUNDRED THOU
SAND DOLLARS FOR SAID PURPOSE.
BE 1T RESOLVED BY THE CITY COMMITS
SION OF THE CITY OF LAKELAND FOLK
COUNTY, FLORIDA, that the City Oh lrter Of
tho said City Of Lakeland, Polk County Flor
ida, be amended to contain the following pro-
visions:
Section !. That the City of Lakeland, Polk
County, Florida, is hereby authorized and EN-
Gas Plant and Distribution System In the said
City of Lakeland, together with all real or
powered to purchase, alter and maintain a
personal property necessary to the effective OPP
Grafton. alteration or maintenance Of said Gas
Plant and Distribution System, and to d,
those things necessary for, or incident to. the
delivery OF any and all products Of said Plant
and to do all things necessary for the proper
operation Of said Plant
The said City OF Lakeland is also empow.
cred and authorized to use any property OF
portions of property, which 1t now owns, fol
use In the erection, maintenance and opera.
ton Of said Gas Plant and Distribution Sys
tenn, and to control said Plant and Sveten
% the same extent that an individual coulC
control said property.
That the said City Of Lakeland, Polk Coun
" Florida. Is hereby authorized and emp0w
t'ed 70 issue bonds for an amount not 20 ex
reeG Two Hundred Thousand Dollars, for tn
purpose Of purchasing altering and maintain
ing Gas Plant and Distribution System an,
the real or personal property necessary TO tn
effective operation Of same. and to pay 70
doing Of work or expenses incurred incident ;
the maintenance and up-keep of said Ga
Plant and Distribution System; which sal
amount OF bonds shall be in addition to al
amounts Of bonds, the issuance Of which hav
heen previously and heretofore authorized
the Legislature Of the State Of Florida, Q
Iu'herwise.
The issuance Of said bonds and election
bond trustees shall be governed by the la
governing other bond elections in the said eli
~ Lakeland, Polk County Florida.
1 | hereby certify that the foregoing propose
i amendment was read and approved at the Ar
] regular meeting Of the City Commission ot Il
I CITY of Lakeland, Polk County, Florida
4 February, 1918, and at its first regular NEE
I irg in March, 1918.
H. l.. SwATTS. CITY Clerk.
approved by me this 18th day Of March.
y 1918.
Z. c. FLANAGAN, Mayor.
H. L. SwATTS, Clerk. 74OS-Tut
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-05-03
NOTICE CALLING ELECTION SUBMITTING
PROPOSED CHARTER AMENDMENT

Notice is hereby given that, in accordance
with Section II Of the Charter Of the City Of
Lakeland, an election will be held in the City
OF Lakeland, at the City Hall. in said City
of Lakeland, Polk County, Florida, on May
l4th. 1918, for the purpose Of submitting the
following proposed amendment to the City
Charter for the ratification Of rejection Of
such charter amendment by the City. and an
election Is hereby called for that purpose.
The polls will be open on said date from
seven o'clock a. m. until sunset.
Ry order of the Board Of City Commits
toner's this 9th day Of April A. D. 1913.
r. G. FLANAGAN Mayor
JOHN KEEN
FRANK H. THOMPSON
O. J. POPE.
T. B. 0'STEEN.
Commissioners.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-05-03

Ellis is still selling nice potatoes
at 9Oc the hamper; one party bought
and placed % hampers under his
house for the summer. Have you got
your supply yet. If not, why mott
Ellis, rear of express office. Bring
YOUR sacks or boxes and get your
,,n,u ord do II now 746O
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-05-03

A business course at THE FLORIDA
COMMERCIAL INSTITUTE will A.
YOU for good position and give YOU
a practical education. Call on us and
talk the matter over. 216 S. Mass
Ave. Tel. 469. 743S
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-05-03
tuesdays Miami Metropolis)

L
Two years business must De Trans
acted at the convention of the Flori-
da Division, United Daughters OF the
Confederacy which opens here tomor-
row morning with business session
at the First Baptist church follow
ing welcoming program this even
ing at the Auditorium and a meet
ing of the credentials committee THIS
afternoon at the Hotel Urmey. Inc
convention was postponed from last
wear because of war conditions. This
wear pressing business demanded the
holding of the session.
Daily sessions will be devoted
strictly to business, the only deVla'
ton coming on Wednesday evening
when the historical program will be
given at the Hotel Urmey and Thurs
dav evening when reception Will be
held at the hotel. Besides the recep'
tion the social events will be limited
TO a boat ride up the river and to
Cane Florida on the bay on Wednes'
dav afternoon and an automobile ride
about the country on Friday after
noon.
While no session Is closed to the
public, yet it is felt that the general
public would not be interested in the
business of the convention. Invita-
tions are made general for the wei
coming program this evening and for
the historical program tomorrow
evening The veterans Of the Con
federate army are especially urged tc
attend any or all sessions.
Election day is set for Thursda!
morning and so far there has beer
only one candidate announced, Mrs
Julia Harris Norris of the Tamp'
CHAPTER. 1t is therefore not We
known whether there Is to be a con
test over the office or not. The run
or that Mrs. H. H. McCreary, tn
present division president, and Mis-
Caroline Brevard of Tallahassee
would be rivals for the honor hav
both been denied by both Mrs. M
Creary and Miss Brevard.
Many of the Miami stores are di
playing special decorations for Il
convention and every establishing
is asked to wear a gala dress of n
and white to greet the delegate
who are expected to number over l
Tonight's program will include
dresses of welcome from Mayor Jo
w. Watson, Mrs. Harvey Jarre
president of the Woman's Club,
G. Sewell president of the Chamt
of Commerce, the commandant
Tige Anderson Camp, U. G. ", a
the president of Southern Cross oh;
ter, U. D. c., Mrs. R. B. McLendon
The one other program which it
expected that the public will enjoy
the historical program announced
follows:
Wednesday, p. M.
Historical Program, Hotel Urine,
Vocal duet, soft Signing Winds
Mrs. r. M. Hudson and Mrs Geo
c. Bolles.
Reading-Mrs. j. Newton Lumm
Vocal number, Selected-N
Stanley Bullock.
Paper, "The Twelve Flags"-N
E. ]. Vann, historian of Elijah
Harris chapter, Madison.
Song, "The Bonnie Blue Flag
chorus.
Reading, Historical paper'-M
Der Of Tallahassee chapter.
Vocal selections, Freedom for .
--(Hilliam) and Joan of Arc I'VE
Mrs. f. M. Hudson.
Address, Sister Esther Carlo
past president of Florida Divisio
America Audience.
Delegates Arriving
Delegates who have arrived
clnde. Mrs McCrearY and Mrs A
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-05-03
UNCLAIMED LETTERS

cry of the Lakeland postoflice and ad-
vertised for week ending April Is,
1918. Parties calling for same will
please say advertised and give the
date.
Mems List
James Aston, Tom Anderson, Nluin
Banks, Rev. w. Bagson, Leon Belch-
er, A. ]. Beck, P. o. Box 500, Frank
Bridges, c. 0. Browning, G. S. Cason,
Ed Cummings Especially, J. P. Cooper,
E. B. Carter, Gusie CARLY, Master
John Robert, Isaac Deu, R. H. Davis,
e. T. Ellis, Will Eerrs, Jany Evans.
Gettel, Philip, Alex Gooden, J. Grag-
Ter, Peter Henderson, w. B. Hender-
son, Charlie Hooker, Chas. Hoppe,
Albert W. Hutchinson, P. A. Harrison,
Macfarsy, Nash McCroy, N. F. G. Min
go (Capt.), W. B. McRae, D. Orrine
Magoren, Tim Miller, Noes ONeal
aJmes Joles, Jammie McDanal, Arch
Willie Rogers, Jno B. Ruberg, R. G.
Paxton, Bill Stlletz, NJ. o. Tilley
Tony Tyrs, H. c. Waire, James Wal
lace, Harry (Red) Weaver, Wilson
Cypress Co., John A Slicher (2).
WOman's List
Mrs. Suler BENNY, Miss Claude
Billings, Mrs. Annie Brown, Mrs. H
Conner, Mrs. Odessa Creel, Miss Will
lie Lee Duffie, Mrs. l.. Devall, Mrs. w
P. Dukes, Ulether Forstlurs, Mrs. Ro
sic Ford, Mrs. Marie Frazier, Mrs. L
@. Cattle, Clara Goddard, Selena Hold
ley, Mollie Hayes, Martha Hobbs, Mrs
W. Harley, Mrs. Mamie Harris, Mrs
w, H. King, Mrs. Lila B. King, Mrs
John Lears, Pearl Lowery, Mrs. Ha
! raj Mcdaniel, Mrs Ellar La Pcwarc
Mrs. B. G. Ripley, Mrs. j. L. Robert:
Mrs. Fife Seneath, Miss Sissie Start
9 in, Mrs. B. S. Tonnsen, Mrs. Awlwill
r Thomas, Mrs. c. E. Witherspoon.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-05-03
DUAL HOTEL
Jacksonville, Florida.
100 ROOMS so RATUS

Opposite postoffice. All modern i'm
rrovements, elevator, telephone sery-
ice. Rates without bath, 81 and up:
with bath, $3.50 and up per person.
W. S. JONES, Mgr.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-05-03

The unusual prosperity among COL
ored farmers for the past season has
left many Of them with good surplus
es on hand; and almost without ex-
ception, they are willing and glad to
invest 1t in Liberty Bonds.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-02-27
ENCOURAGEMENT Counts.

In every town there are few Of
taste and purpose who will take the
helm. To thoroughly arouse public in
terest Is a long and arduous task.
Make a beginning. Results will at
tract attention and gain support. 1t
was Gladstone who said: Zone ex-
ample is worth a thousand argyll
ments." Organize, interest the local
press, interest this department, your
efforts and progress will cheerfully
be given place and encouragement in
these columns. Every year of the
past decade Mr.. Reed has written
thanks for substantial aid given
"Reed and Riverside" in city beautifi-
cation. In a very recent letter, in re-
viewing the progress Of street plant
ing in Riverside, he writes: II re-
member very distinctly the very eff
cient aid I received through the City
Beautiful department of the Times"
Let us hear of your work, no matter
how humble or how small the CON-
munity-aid and encouragement will
be extended to all alike.-Los Angeles
Times.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-02-27
CONTROL Of TREES IN CITY
Los Angeles Newspaper Advocates
Commission Which Should Weld
Absolute Power.

What we need, and need badly
right now, is a tree commission hav-
ing absolute control of all street
planting The trees should be taken
away from the owners of abutting
property. He should neither be held
responsible for them nor allowed to
touch them, any further than any
other resident of the city. Why has
the city taken over street, curb and
sidewalk, and allowed a narrow strip
Of private property to intervene? Why
does the city partially control it? Is
a divided interest and responsibility
conducive to the best results2 A
study Of our street planting will quick
~ bring an answer. Not one in a
hundred is competent to choose the
right tree for street. The same per-
centage will care for them properly,
and about the same number will agree
on the same tree. No resident Of Los
Angeles need be told Of the outcome
Of such laxity of control, or, rather
such absence Of control. The need for
a change Is great, and the problem
cries to high heaven for relief. When
will it be solved, and solved Alright?
How long are we to continue under
present conditions? All know a
change must come-why delay? Our
charter trainers may help us out by
providing for a tree commission in
full control, with a corps of trained
experts, to give US city in the near
future of which our residents for all
time may be proud as the really city
heautifnI Angeles Times.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-02-27
PUTTING YARD TO BEST USE
Bulletin Of Department Of Agriculture
Gives Some Valuable Information
to Those Interested.

The best methods to follow and the
best crops to grow in order to make
a small area like a back yard produce
the maximum amount Of food for the
family are discussed in publication
Of the United States department OF
agriculture, Farmers Bulletin 818,
"The Small Vegetable Garden" In
addition to furnishing information in
regard to the fundamental principles
Of gardening, this bulletin describes In
detail the culture of all of the common
garden plants, and also furnishes ia
BILE showing in concise form the
quantity Of seed needed for each kind
Of vegetable, the proper way and times
to plant, and the material required to
produce the crop.
To make small area produce a
large amount Of food, the bulletin
points out that not only every foot Of
available space must be utilized, but
that late or succession crops must be
planted as soon as the earlier plants
have been removed. To carry on gar
dening in this intensive way requires
careful planning in advance, and it is
recommended that a detailed diagram
of the garden be drawn up and the va
rlous uses that it Is planned to put
each portion to, throughout the grow
ing season, be clearly indicated. On
this plan the success or failure Of the
various enterprises should be noted
and tho n1an itso1f konf az q pniflo for
the following year.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-02-27
SOUTHERN SENATOR
SEES1"TRAIL OF GREED"
IN WAR PREPARATIONS

WASHINGTON, Feb. Ex-senator ).
K Vardaman of Mississippi, speak
ing in the senate, denounced tne
traiT of greed he said Investigations
had shown IN an of America s prep
arations for war..:'>,-:'
. "My Investigations into the ship
bnfldfng industries Of the United
States" said Senator Vardaman, tine
Hog Island infamy; for instance, to-
gether with the shortage of coal and
scarcity of sugar, have led me into
the various fields of industry and war
enterprise, and it is lamentable
fact, which I state with regret and
shame for my country, l find the
shiny trail of the serpent OF greed
in all Of the preparations for war.
eve find that men OF prominence
in high finance-men who were loud
est in their demands for prepared
ness a few years ago, who paid FOR
the bunting that decorated the
houses, paid for the flags that were
Haunted in the air by the hired clac-
quers, paid for the bands that led
the preparedness parades-these men
who were loudest in their denuncia-
ton of the members Of congress who
dared to insist that the fair share
of the war profits be devoted to pay
ing the expense Of the Wharf.-The
same hypo-critical, lying plutocratic
patriots for perquesites wrap them
selves in the American flag and with
words Of patriotism upon their lying
lips rob the government In contracts
and other ways, thereby imposing
burdens upon posterity that will
bring squalors to the home Of the
laborer and shadow the future Of the
toilers yet unborn"
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-02-27
4 BEMIDJI MANS EXPERIENCE

Can you doubt the evidence of this
Bemidji citizen?
You can verify Bemidji endorse
ment.
Read this:
H. A. Lepper, prop. wood yard,
141O Minnesota Ave., says: 1.-TWO
years ago I was logging in the
woods and being exposed to so much
cold and rainy weather caused my
kidneys to become disordered. 1t
brought on attacks of backache,
which always bothered me worse at :
ter sitting down awhile. When |
went to get up, shooting pains would
grip me right across the center of
the back and even down into my
limbs. I had a tired feeling all the
time and my kidneys didn't act reg
ularly. I read such good accounts
of Doan's Kidney Pills I tried them,
and they were not long in Kidding
me of the trouble entirely"
Price soc, at all dealers. Don't
simply ask for kidney remedy-get
Doan's Kidney Pills-the same that
Mr.. Lepper had. Foster7Milburn
Co., Mfgrs., Buffalo, N. Y.-Adv.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-02-27
MISS WILMER TONIGHT

Miss Sarah Mildred Wilmer,
reader, will appear in the Methodist
church auditorium this evening, un-
der the auspices Of the Woman's
Study club. Her program promises
to be educational and unlifting, as
we'll as clever and entertaining. Miss
Wilmer is said to be without an
equal in temperament, emotional
power and ability to move an audi
ence, and she has often been termed
1.-The Sarah Bernhard of the ly-
ceum." The entertainment common
ces at s o'clock
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-02-27
NEW SUPERINTENDENT OF
SCHOOLS TO VISIT FRIDAY

Superintendent Bolcom, recently
elected head of the Bemidji schools,
will be in Bemidji Friday to confer
with the teachers committee of the
board of education.
The selection of teachers will not
be made for some time, but the mat
ter is to he gone over carefully.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-02-27
DOING THEIR BIT"

Rev. O. P. Grambo, pastor Of the
Lutheran Free church Of the Fifth
ward, reports splendid success in the
National Lutheran Soldiers and
Sailors Welfare drive in his ward.
The Nymore congregation has given
$6S and the Aardahl congregation
$1,000, making a total Of $94.5O.
The aim of this drive is to raise
$75O,000 by the Lutherans in this
country for religious work in the
army and navy.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-02-27
FOOD PRICES SOAR

Washington, Feb. 27.-The labor
department today announced that
food prices advanced two per cent
throughout the country in the month
ending January Is.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-02-27
WANT A :JOB2

There VIII be CIVIL service eX-
animation held in Bemidji March %
for the position of clerk and city
carrier in the Bemidji postoffice.
Any one desiring information in this
matter should see Postmaster A. P.
Richie as soon as possible.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-02-27
LUTHERANS RAISE TOTAL OF
$172.328 IN MINNESOTA

A total of $172,32s.12 has been
raised in Minnesota for the national
Lutheran war fund, it was announced
in Minneapolis by s. H. Holstad,
state campaign director. The states
quota is $4,000.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-02-27

GERMANS REPORT CAPTURE
Berlin, Feb. IT, (Oflclal -
North of Dorpat we captured two
Russian regiments that were retreat
ing"
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1918-02-27

WANTED-Will pay cash for Agar
old in spring gelding, prefer gray.
Chas. s. Carter. 1927