davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wahpeton times. [volume] (Wahpeton, Richland County, Dakota [N.D.]) 1879-1919, 1918-11-21
New pollar-a.Year Man.

Knoxville city schools now have the
proud distinction Of having dollar.
agar" man in the person Of A. W.
Fisher. physical director Of the local
7. y. @. A. He had agreed to serve
- physical director for 1900 pupils
Dc that salary.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24
Did the War Really Cost in Dollars and Lives?

ten days the British dead pass in review
For eleven days more the French dead
file down the Avenue of the Allies. Three
weeks of marching dead men,
The Russians who died fighting for their
empire that was would require the daylight
hours of five weeks more. And for the
other brave Allied fighting men we must
reserve fortnight. Two months and
half for the Allied dead to march past o
given point.
The enemy dead, although definite figures
are not available, number about $4,000
For them to pass in review would require
more than six weeks.
Throughout all the daylight hours of
June, July, August and September, then,
the CHASTITY procession would continue 1t
is an appalling picture to contemplate
AS preliminary punishment for the fugi-
tive Kaiser, for whom so many horrible
fates have been suggested, there may be
torture available here. For him to stand
at attention throughout four hot summer
months, while the ghosts of those he sent
to death pass in constant review-surely,
that might inflict mental agony enough to
appease the most vindctive.
And yet the world can never adequately
reckon the losses preciptated by him and
his autocratic associates For years after
the treaty of peace is signed statistcians
will be calculating the cost of the World
War.
Historians will finally agree that $22l,
100000, 000-or some such tigure-was spent
by the nations involved. They will eventual
ly place the toll of dead at 100000 or
thereabout. They may decide that shipping
was destroyed to the value of $2,000,0o0
But never, in computing the cost of the
war, will they be able to estimate accurate
ly these indirect losses:
Physical suffering.
Increased illness.
Increased death rate
Lowered race vitality.
Decreased birth rate.
Curtaied education.
Moral degradation.
Property destroyed
Crops and trees devastated.
Cargoes sunk.
Property damaged by idleness
Industry crippled by diversion of
men.
Production diverted from creative to
destructive purposes.
Business development checked.
Imitation of currency and increased
prices.
While the worlds birth rate has un-
doubtedly declined during the period of the
war, there has been no material change IN
the United States. Great Britain, because
20 it's war marriages, has actually increased
;.s population during the war. The British
War Mission in New York is authority for
WAL 4
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24
q ermany' Warning
~ Will 1t Be Needed?

President Wilson, Lloyd George and Pre-
mier Clemenceau have said to the German
people that, given their fulflment of the
proper conditions, the door is open for them
to enter the family of nations. In proper
ton as the democracies of the world aid the
new democracy of Germany, just in that
proportion will Bolshevism and Jacobnism
take back seat in Germany But, even
should the German Revolution by force of
circumstances, the development of which is
not likely, find itself in opposition to the
rest of Europe it may get Wilhelm Hohen-
zollern from Holland, cut his head off.
throw it into the face of Europe and start
out on Jacobn crusade But, even in this
case, it is likely to be Jacobinism worthy
of the French Revolution, and not the Boil
shevism that dsgraced Russia. The Ger
man soldiery, unlike the Russian soldiery,
feels and understands the interest of its
own country. 1t will place those interests
above the seductive appeals of revolution
AIRY hraggadoco. And here is where the
apOlogists OF Bolshevism lose out again, for
the Germans will interpret the interests of
international democracy in the light of the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24
eres a Ray Of Hope in the German Revolution
AT Least 1t Isn't Bolsheyik. to The
Sorrow of Lenine and
Trotzky

bolshevlk', the methods they employ. the
terrorlzation Of the non-Bolshevik work
men and peasants by the Bolshevik Red
Guard, the ruthless suppression Of all civil
liberties, such as those of press and assem-
ply, and the downright looting of the oopu
ia''on under the guise of acquisitions and
contiscations. The German soldiers have
learned for themselves the vast difference
between Bolshevik promises and Bolshevik
deeds, the difference between Bolshevik
o'lis OF rights and the tramplng of those
r'ghts by the pr@torian guards of Lenine
ana Irotzky. Small wonder is it, there
lore, when we find Friedrich Ebert, the next
German Chancellor, telling the Berlin soviet
that the German revolution can get along
without Red Guards, while Karl Liebknecht
is forced to leave soldier barracks in Ber
lin for making incendiary speeches. And
by incendary speeches in this case il
meant the Bolshevik demand for a minority
dictatorship. supported by the bayonets of
the soldiery. and the RELOCATION to the
background of all those methods of politi-
cal and social struggle which humanity
has evolved through centuries of combat
Tor democracy. The admission into the
herman Cabinet of representatives of the
bourgeois parties and the willingness of the
German soldiers and the German soviets
10 submit to the will of the whole people. as
expressed by their votes to the Constituent
Assembly, indicate that democracy order.
the avoidance of chaos and anarchy AZ much
as possible and the application of all their
energies to the terrific practical problems
OF the moment, and not to an extremist
IN h.
blood and terror, are the aims of the So
cialists of Germany.
Leaders of the type of Ebert and Karl
Legion are opposed to Bolshevism because
OF its deliberate tendency to promote dis
union and dissension in the ranks of the
revolutionary masses themselves To Le-
nine Socialist opponent who refuses to
subscribe to his particular pet notions as
regards to policy and tactics is as much
an enemy of socialism as a cadet or Octo
brist. The most characteristic feature of
German socialism, however, is it's unity
and discipline. Whatever differences there
may have existed between the Independent
Socialists and the Scheidemannites on the
question of war policy the bitterness en-
gendefed by these differences has been rel
egated to the background at the outbreak
OF the revolution, and the two parties united
IN the formation of joint Socialist gov
eminent. Not so in Russia And this has
been one of the causes of the success of
Bolshevism. In Russia the Mensneviki and
the Bolsheviki have been at each others
throats rot only from the very beginning
of the revolution but for fifteen years pre
ceding the revolution.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24

struct these factories, raw materials alone
are not sufficient; need means of trans
portation. Now the enemy has DESTROYED
our railroad tracks and railroad track
equipment. Our rolling stock. which in
the first month of the war, in 1914, was
reduced by $4,000 cars, has undergone the
wear and tear of fifty months of war
"Our merchant fleet, on the other hand.
has lost more than million tons through
the submarine warfare. Our shipyards
during the last four years have not built
any ships. For they have produced for US
and for our allies cannons, ammunitions
and tanks. Here, again, for this item alone
OF means of transportation we must figure
on an expense of $500, 0O0, 900 francs. This
makes, if | sum up these different items, a
need of raw material which represents in
cost, at the present rate of prices in
France, not less than $4,000 600 900 francs.
"And this formidable figure does not
cover everything. | have not taken into
account the loss represented for the future
production of France by the transformation
of so many factories which for four wears
were exclusively devoted to war munitions.
nave not taken into account foreign mar
kets lost to US as result of the destruc-
tlon OF one-quarter of our productive capt.
tai and the almost total collapse of our
trade. have not taken into account the
economic weakening that we shall suffer
tomorrow owing to the loss of 100000
young and vigorous men,"
Compared to these, the losses accruing to
the United States as result of the war
are, Of course, slight America has scarce
ly been "blooded" 1t is true that the war
may cost the United Sta IS possibly 10000
llves--eyery one precious Offering to free
dom-but twice as many Americans have
died at home during the recent influenza
epidemic.
When we consider the number of Ameri-
cans who died In our Civil War, our present
losses seem almost trivial. The deaths ON
all causes in the Civil War totalled 61S, 528
about fifteen times as many lives as the
World War cost the United States Those
killed in action on the Union side alone
llO,070 men fighting for the N. rth-out
number more than two to one the Ameri-
cans who have recently died fighting over
seas.
The financial contribution America has
made toward defeating the Central Powers
is magnihcent-but comparatively small
sacrifice for the richest country in the
world
To date the total war indebtedness of the
United States is sl7,s52,s 77 900, distributed
as follows:
First Liberty Loan. $4,000, 900 600
second Liberty Loan. a,sos.OOOo 900
Ih'rd Liberty Loan. 4,l76,O0o,o00
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24

Before however, entering upon closer
analysis of these points it would be ad
visable to indicate one more factor that is
bound to have an influence upon the prog
ress or failure Of Bolshevism in Germany.
That is the attitude and conduct of the
bourgeoisie. BY it's blind opposition to
many important features of the programme
of the revolution the Russian bourgeoisie
has contributed in no small degree to the
success of Bolshevism. BY hndering the
programme of Tchernoff and Tseretell, the
Russian bourgeoisie hurled the blind,
ignorant Russian masses into the arms of
the Bolsheviki and made these masses
fertile soil for the disease of Bolshevism.
Because the Russian bourgeosie proved in
capable of producing a Mrabeau it helped
the Russian Jacobins gain the ear of the
Russian masses The BoIshevik Soviets
succeeded in gaining supremacy over the
Constituent Assembly because the idea of
the Constituent Assembly although not
fought openly by the Russian bourgeois
parties, was hindered and interfered with
by it. In the death of the Constituent
Assembly in Russia both the bourgeoisie
and the Bolsheviki share an equal distinc-
ton. The bourgeose sabotaged it and
the Bolsheviki killed it. The question is
"Wil the German bourgeoisie in the pres
emit critical moment repeat the jellyfish,
pusillanimous and invertebrate policy of the
Assembly Of Frankfort in 18483 Will it
take 'one step forward and two steps back
ward?" Or will it recognize the real
significance of the occasion and go all the
way with the Socialist and labor movements
of Germany in burying kaserism, destroy
ing forever the political feudalism of Ger
many and inaugurating those great social
reforms which the revolution will put be-
fore the people of Germany?
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24

ton, as shown in the following startling
figures:
an 1913 the wool output of our invaded
regions amounted to "a per cent of the
total French production. And correspond
ing figures were: For flax from the spin
ming mills, 80 per cent; iron ore, 80 per
cent; pig iron, 83 per cent STEEL 70 per
cent; sugar, 70 per cent; cotton, SO per
cent; coal, 55 per cent; electric power As
per cent. Of all that, plants, machinery,
mines, nothing is left. Everything has
been carried away or destroyed by the
enemy. SO complete is the destruction
that, in the case of our great coal mines
IN the north, two years of work will be
needed before a single ton of coal can be
extracted, and ten years before the out
put is brought back to the figures of 1918
"All that must be rebuilt, and to carry
out that kind of reconstruction only there
will be need of over 100000 tons of
pig iron, nearly 100000 tons of steel
not to mention the replenishing of stocks
and of raw materials which must of neces-
sity be supplied to the plants during the
first year of resumed activity. If we take
into account these different items we reach
as regards industrial needs a total of
rs, 100000 francs.
"To resurrect these regions, to recon-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24

the statement that "the birth rate of the
United Kingdom is now greater than the
total losses of men during the whole
war"
In the enemy countries, however, because
of prlvations of the people, the population
has decreased about 100000 in addition to
war losses. Apart from casualties, it is
estimated that the German Empire has
lost 100000 in population, and Austria
Hungary the same amount.
Of these indirect losses to the invaded
territory which is just now being redeemed
by the advancing Allied armies, Andre Tar
dieu, French High Commissioner to the
United States, says:
"The territories which have been under
German occupation for four years were the
wealthiest part of France. Their area did
not exceed per cent of the whole country
They paid, however, % per cent of the sum
total of our taxes. These territories, which
have been for the last three months occu
pied again by us at the cost of our own
blood and the blood of our Allies, are now
IN state of ruin even worse than we had
anticipated. The very ground is torn, over
turned, laid waste, damaged with shell
splinters, and for months, maybe for wears.
unfit for production. The fruit trees have
been cut, sawn down to the level of the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24
The Other Extreme

Germany are fully aware of this fact They
are likewise aware of what the |. W. w,
the American Bolshevik movement, stands
for In a series of addresses he made
while On a tour of the United States prior
to the war Karl Legion showed plainly
where he stood on the question of Boshe-
vsm and |. W. W. 1t is safe to assume
that the German trade unions will stand
like a rock against the encroachments of
Bolshevism, while the revolutionary Ger
man sodiery, by resolutions already passed
IN various Soviets, has declared that it
would not permit disunion and demanded
that all The labor and Socialist factions in
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24

unions and led the working class away
from the practical work of trade unonism
to the mad experiments in Bolshevsm which
have ruined Russian industry, wrecked the
nations financial and credit system and
brought production to the very lowest level.
Bolshevism has destroyed the trade union
movement in Russia. A recent declaration
by leaders of Russian trade unions makes
this charge against the Bolsheviki. By en-
ploying !. W. W., syndicalist, dissension
tactics the Bolsheviki ruined the work ac-
compished by the Russian trade unions
for the last two decades Karl Legien and
the other Socialist trade union leaders of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24

~EE the bank teller at his window. He
> is counting $40 bills. His cage is
stacked high with bales of $40 bills.
He is counting 100 bills every minute.
He works ten hours day, seven days
week He is trying to count the money
spent on the world war. Blu. he will never,
never be able to do it-not he, nor his son,
nor his sons son, nor many generations to
come.
To count out in $40 bills the money spent
on the war would take more than LOCO
years. Methuselah, who lived to be $50
years DID, might have done it by working
nights. No other mortal could.
1t must not be overlooked that Methuselah,
either in his own time or ours, would soon
have run out of currency. The world does
not have, and never will have, in money of
any denomination, the appalling sum of
s22l 900 100000. Something like that Is
what the world has spent on the war that is
passing into history.
These are figures that outdistance the
comprehension of the wisest man that ever
lived The cost of the war transcends all
The monetary conceptions which even a
iinancer can conjure up. Nor is it much
easier to conceive the toll of life that the
war has taken.
We Americans have grown used to scan
ming several columns of casualty lists daily.
An extra column or two attracts our at
tention. Our American killed have passed
the $4,000 mark. Another $4,000 have died
OF accident, wounds disease. The war
may cost us 10000 lives. We can under
stand those figures.
But consider the staggering cost to
france, whose losses began with the war,
and to Great Britain, whose stalwart armies
fought with their back to the wall until
our lighting men came to the rescue.
Great Britain alone has lost in the war
ABOUT 100000 men. France has lost per-
maps 100000 more. In a general way these
hgures mean something to US, but an illus
lfation may help visualize these Allied
dead.
Not more than 100000 persons have
marched in the greatest parade that Fifth
avenue has ever known. Our prepared
ness parade, and possibly the Third Liberty
Loan parade, totalled that number OF
marchers. All day long they marched, and
until after shutdown. We thrilled at the
Sight of these living Americans.
LET US visualize the march of the British
aeaa. At daybreak they start down Fifth
avenue, twenty abreast Their fallen COM
RACES follow few PAGES behind, in close
marching order. Until shutdown these men
VINO have gone west" march down the
avenue. The next day there is similar
parade, and the next. and the next. For
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24
From The st. Louis Post-Dispotch

Germany stick together until the triumph
of the revolution is accomplished
The whole matter, Of course, resolves
itself in the wide difference in the general
intelligence, experience and culture of the
German Socialist and labor movements as
compared with those of Russia. The differ
ences in turn will have their effects upon
the policy Of the new German government,
the attitude OF the masses on the questions
of internationaism aud the conservation
of national interests, the scope of the rev.
buttons programme and the attitude of the
armed soldier masses, which, after all, are
the deciding factors in any revolution
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24
Cerman Soviets Not
~ Bolshevik Soviets

The idea of political democracy, as con-
trasted with that of the dictatorship of
revolutionary oligarchy, seems to permeate
the German Revolution The Constituent
Assembly, to be elected on the basis of
free, secret and unrestricted universal
suffrage is to lay the foundation of the
structure of the new German state. The
most significant fact in this direction is
that the German Councils of Workmen and
Soldiers, contrary to the action of the Rus
sian Bolshevk soviets. are the forces be-
hind the demand for a constituent assem-
bly,.
That the German soviets know how to be-
ware of the Bolshevik Greeks when they
bear gifts shown in the following re-
ply wirelessed by the Teuton soldier So
yiess on the Eastern front to the offer of
food made by Bolshevik Foreign Commits
sary Tchicherin: THE German soviet
movement is anti-Bolshevik. The German
sovets on the Eastern frontier greet the
Russian people and decline to have any
thing in common with destructive oppres-
sive Bolshevism. Will not take food you
offer You robbed the hungering Russian
people Hope you at last bow yourselves
before the will of the whole people and
cease the minority's. terror"
The German soviets on the Eastern front
do not have to theorze about the pros and
cons of Bolshevism. The soldiers composing
these soviets have lived for many months
in the provinces of Pskoff, Moghileff and
Ntebsk, and they have had plenty of OPP
pottunity to observe at close range the "ac-
complishments" and achievements" of the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24

ground
"Of the cities and villages, nothing re-
mains but ruins; 100000 homes have been
destroyed To build them up again. am
referring to the building proper, without
furnishings 600, 100000 days of work will
be necessary involving, together with
building MATERIAL an outlay of 10000, OoO.-
600 francs
LAS regards personal property of every
description, either destroyed by battle or
stolen by the Germans, there stands an
additional loss of at least 100000, 900
francs, This valuation of lost personal
property does not include-as definite fig
ures are lacking as yet-the countless war
contributions and fines by the enemy.
amounting also to billions
Il need hardly say that, in those wealthy
lands, no agricultural resources are left
The losses in horses and in cattle, bovine
and bovine species, hogs, goats amount to
100000 head-in agricultural equipment
to $4,000 machines or carts-the two items
worth together 5000 900 000 francs.
Now as regards industries. the disaster
is even more complete These districts oc-
cuped by the Germans and whose machin-
cry has been methodically DESTROYED or
taken away by the enemy, WERE industrially
speaking the very heart of France. Thew
were the very backbone of our produc-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24
Ideas of Real Political Democracy
Begin to Show i'm the
German Mind

success of their revolution at home. They
will not pursue the Bolshevik policy Of SUBJ
ordinating the interests of the Russian
Revolution to the interests of the natives
of Zululand. Having crushed with the aid
Of the Allied armies) the dictatorship OF
Ludendorff, of which even the Machiavellian
Prince Macmillan speaks with disdain, the
Germans are not likely to follow the die
tatorship of Lenine, who may seek to lure
them with the idea of a new Mitteleuropa,
q Mitteleuropa of Bolshevik blood and iron.
For Bolshevism is but Bismarckism plus
chaos. Perhaps the German revolution
will fail, but in that case the Ger
mans are likely to accept Bismarckism
minus chaos. The Russians overthrow Bis
marckism and embraced Bolshevsm. The
result is that they really have neither. The
only thing they do have is chaos. And
chaos is the thing German hates most.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-11-24
Teuton Revolutionaries May
4 Yet Teach Russia

Now Russia is YEARLY Flooding her way,
across the ruins of Bolshevism, back to the
Constituent Assembly Let US hope she
will get there, provided the reactionary
counter revolution does not stop her on the
way, just the Bolshevik counter revolu-
ton halted her last January.
The Germans, both in and outside Of the
Soviets, are perfectly aware of the forego-
ing experiences. That is why they are in
sisting on the Immediate convocation of the
Constituent Assembly. 1t is indeed an omi-
nous thing that the month set for the cleo
tons to the German Constituent Assembly
next January-is the month set for
the convocation of the Russian Constituent
Assembly by the new All-Russian govern
ment at Omsk The German Sovets, being
anti-Bolshevik, are behind the Continent
Assembly. The revolutionary German army,
being anti-Bohevik, is behind the Con-
stituent Assembly. The German Soviets will
go out of existence with the convocation
of the Constituent Assembly. They will go
out of existence conscious of the great his
toric duty they will have performed, the
duty of standing guard over the new de-
mocracy until its foundations are made
secure and then relinquishing their tenn
porary power to the permanent authority
of democratic government, in the admin
istraton of which the German working
class is destined to play the leading role.
1t will be leading role not on the basis
of tyrannieal group dictatorship, but on
the basis of a broad, national democracy to
be utilized not in the PRONUNCIATION of
anarchstic schemes, but in advancing the
interests of labor.
The German Soviets are, therefore, des-
tined to teach the Russians a lesson in
how to make a revolution, for, in the words
of Eduard Bernstein, one of the foremost
leaders Of the Independent German Social
lists, "the Bolsheviki have shown US how
not to make a revolution
The German revolution may be the DEATH
blow to Leninism.