Bonners Ferry herald. [volume] (Bonners Ferry, Idaho) 1904-current, 1918-02-12

general drouth during the threshing
period, and, third, the strong prevail
ing winds blowing from the regions
Of early maturing wheat across the
regions in which the wheat harvest
is later.
Proper Seed Treatment Saves.
The Investigations of the expert |
ment station have also shown that
these windblown spores of the smut
do not survive the winter. This is
one of the principal reasons why |
spring wheat is generally free from
smut If the seed has been proper
ly treated.
The first and probably the most
important practice which the station
is advocating for the control of smut
is the elimination OF summerfallow
in all regions where the practice is
not necessary for the conservation
Of moisture.
Farm practice in eastern Washing
ton has shown that smut ceases to
be a factor OF Importance when the
summer fallow is discarded and
various rotations of oats, barley, clo-
yer and peas introduced.
Since there are regions where sum-
merfallow must be practiced, and
since much of our wheat region is In
transaction period from summer
fallow to full cropping, attention
| has been turned to the prevention
of smut when summerfallow is the
method followed.
Early Seeding Rewards Some.
During the last season most prom
Using results have been obtained in
the experiments on the time of seed
ing. Periodic paintings of treated
hybrid 143 on summerfallow on the
experiment station farm made Aug
ust IL to October 30 showed no
smut in the August IL planting; LII
per cent in the seeding Of August "a
but increasing amounts In the later
paintings, with a maximum of Al pei
cent on October 2. From this point
there was a gradual decrease in
smut during the later paintings. Els
sentially similar results were obtain
ed in periodic paintings of red Rus
sian and hybrid 12S made by the di-
vision OF field crops. The seedlings
of August were field crops. The
seedlings of August were practical
ly smut free while on August Is, the
red Russian showed only a trace
and the hybrid less than 1 per cent
The maximum shutting occurred il
the late September and early DC
tober seedlings, while the planting
made on November Is were nearl.
smut free.
, A considerable number of farmer
have practiced early seeding dur
ing the last season and records AM
: observations have been made as t
the results of this early planting un
der general farm conditions. TIL
fields under observation were wei
l distributed throughout the Iulan
r Empire in the vicinity of Pullman
e Palouse, Garfield and Pennington
In all cases where seeding was mad
: between July rs and August rs tn
+ fields were tither smut free Q
J, showed generally less than l pc
t cent. 1t is worthy to note that thes
y early seedlings in addition to bein
S smue-free or only slightly infecte
came through the winter with niue
: less injury and generally promis
e yields above 80 bushels per acr,
l. This year also the general farl
d seedlings made during Septembe
t and October show from 10 to
f per cent of smut.
e Very early seeding not only esca
It es the smut shower, but temperatui
e conditions at that time are also III
It favorable for infection, even thong
r early or late seeding will do muC
r to lessen the amount of smut, al
e now that this fact is known, it r.
: mainsonly for the farmers to demo
strate by trial the value of Il
If practice in general farm operation.
% Replowing of SummerfaIIow.
"a 1t has also been shown that Il
"a replowing of a summerfallow W
4 lessen the smut even though Il
70 planting is made at the most fave
n able period for smut infection. TIL
q is apparently due to the fact tn
a the smut spores on the surface a
n in large part buried or turned u
der so that they never come in CO
tact with the young developing whe
plants. In regions where early see
g. ing is not possible on account
20 lack of moisture the late seedi
\ or the replowing of the summerf;
NJ low are still available.
"A The present recommendations
g. the experiment station for the &C
#. troll of smut are as follows:
a. 1. Use clean seed and contin
40 to practice seed disinfection, usi
nj either the standard bluestone
of formaldehyde treatment.
Id 2. Eliminate summerfallow VIII
an ever this practice is not necessa
he for the conservation Of moistu
dc avoid continuous cropping to wht