davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
The Koran and Polygamy

ID. Mo decide a controversy. will
You please favor me with an answer to
the following questions: C) Does the
Koran command or commend poly
gamy7 90 Do the Mahometans, as a
rule, practise it? 90 Did Mahomet
have thirtytwo wives?
az The only passage in the Koran
that refers to this subject is the third
verse OF the fourth Sutra. L. reads:
And il ye are apprehsnsive that ye
shall not deal fairly with orphans. then
OF other women who seem good in your
eyes marry but two. or three. or four;
and if ye still fear that ye shull not
act equitably. then one only; Or the
slaves whom. ye have acquirei: this
will make justice on Your part easier"
Since at the time of Mahonat the
Arabians were allowed 70 marry as
many wires as they pleased, this pas
sage, instead Of being an encourage
mene Of polygamy, must be interpreted
rather a: a diplomatic Recommendation
OF nonogamy on account of the difi :
Guilty Of realizing the conditions in
volved with the privilege.
90 None but rich vcluptuares marry
more than one wife. and their conduct
IS blamed by all sober men. Men OF
sense. indeed. think the privilege
rather troublesome than Convenient
90 According to Arabian historians,
ne had only nine wives, who, however,
cannot be regarded as wive. n. all
Thus Mahomet, after he became an old
man. married, or rather adopted. Aye
sna. the seven-year-old child OF his
faithful friend. Abu Bakr. Again he
married or admitted TO his household
y .colding old widow, whom Omar and
Aru Pal;r refused TO receive. Among
"shoMetars marriage has a different
meaning than that when i. has
among Americans = cftca means
merely a tie of guardianship or PRO
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
Women and Children
Provided For First

Even during my short stay l have
nen . dozens and scores of women
tSmorlnss for work. No men are givon
.cip' except as workers, and no work
,' 'S are used in the many-sided Ameri-
v~n re rehef enterprise here except rcfu-
.3VS, 3 nor are clothes now given to
tSs: t,uults: But for the orphan children
iHnerc H IS direct relief provided, the sum
"ss,ng been hitherto sin rubles a
.;;on'A' .;o' bat now. owing to the deprecia-
s;f, 3n OF the ruble and the increase Of
e smS from America. this has been in
vased couaed to zen ruales Il month. OF
,VarNe' ,"a that sum helps keep the mother
,tm, 'n other children. since only one
e''"o IN family receives this sum. !
present when the first distribution
MS Increased allowance was made.
rn" m many were the blessings rained
eana pon the lead of the Americans. OF
,"'s'' snu with the present high prices
larV rubies worth only six TO the dol
No. , 'cn iublcs u month does not buy
nary grand pianos.
M ornhanage has been bought by
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
Looms Clothe
$1,000 Persons

Because .he Armenians ars skilled
artisans. they have been set to making
nand looms, and upon the machines
mus built trained weavers are set to
making cloth out OF the yarn spun by
the women. This cloth is used for un
dercothng, in The case of the cotton
goods. and for outer garments made
Of wool. A fine quality Of homespun
produced, which could be sold in the
Russian markets at d profit Instead.
all the clothing thus produced is used
or the refugees. Last winter fifteen
thousand persons were clothed. and
this year an additional ten thousand
orphans viii be clad in the most com
Portable garments they have ever
known. OF course. all the tailoring is
uone by Arm enian refugees.
This is the sight that old Ararat now
looks down upon: A lite company OF
American board missionaries. a. pres
ehl lent TO the relief committee, Great
'hs anew. amid unusual conditions. an
on're industrial organization that will
PROVIDE without pauperizing, Tor the
seeds of homeless and utterly desti-
,,lte people. Rev. F.. A. Yarrow. Of
van, the local chairman, began this
pAaSe Of Americas ministry. and George
T. Cracey. whose industrial work at
RIA was destroyed by the Turks. has
contributed his expert knowledge IN
building up this organization. although
'essrS, MacCallum, Reynolds and May
Lard have taken to it as il it were
reaching. All the ella aborate organl-
ss'on OF cards and records and inves-
Ngation which social science at home
'eNaAd; has been kept in operation,
nav oAly The deserving mi9h. DC
helpcd This is the Orient.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
Directing the ChiId's Play
BY Mrs. Lenore r. Ranus

HVERY ONE knows that normal
child has an active mind, but
many parents do nothing to
strengthen or train this vital part Of
their child's life, leaving all mental
development to the teachers in the
schools. Those parents are indeed fort
innate who have kindergartens in their
town or city, for the kindergarten gives
systematic mental training to children
as early as the fourth year.
The easiest way to teach child to
think is through play. The mother can
begin to sing Mother Goose rhymes to
the mere infant-in-arms. AS the child
grows he recognizes the words and
often the tunes. Later. he will ask for
his favoritc songs or rhymes, and then
begin to sing and rccite, himself. Up
to this point the mother has accom-
plished three things: Strengthened the
memory, cultivated an ear for music
and the ability to carry simple tune,
and enlarged the child's vocabulary.
Be sure to use only the best gram
mar when talking with child. Baby
talk is funny for the grown-ups for q
while, but the difficulty the child faces
in overcoming this is tremendous.
As the child grows older story hour
should become part of each day. This
is really lesson in language. The
mother should begin with the finger
plays when the child is eight or nine
months old, such as "Ths is the church
and this is the steeple." "Pat-a-cakc"
and the counting lesson, "The thumb is
one; the pointer. two; the middle fin
ger, three; ring finger, four; little fin
ger, five, and that is all you see
What the child initiates he begins te
pose of the finger plays.
Normal Children
AS the child grows, other stories can
be added to the story hour. A nor
NAL child, from about two years Of age
on. loves the stories of "The Three
Bears" "The Three Pigs" Little Hall
Chick" Little Red Hen" and other
similar simple tales, list of which vii
be found at the conclusion Of this ar
,icle.
IN telllng stories 70 chldren, eSpe-
cially to very young children, avoid The
element of fear.
Children love best the stories the,
have heard before. A good rule is ts
let the child choose his own stotry
Mother can introduce a new story wher
she deems best. Another gooc pan i
to have the child tell mother a stor,
sometimes, as this will aid self-ex
preston and be a lesson in language.
To teach counting. make use of tn
play spirit again. in bouncing bal
. repeat the odtime jingle, One, two
buckle my shoe" You will be sur
prised at how quickly the little one
will begin to count. Again, in buildin
blocks. make a game of counting b
saying. GIVE mother one block" the
"Give mother one, two, three blocks.
etc. 1t is unwise to teach child un
der three years numbers higher tina
ten. They are we'll started if they az
able to count as high as>this correctly
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
Entire Households
Were Slaughtered

have talked with women who saw
their husbands and children slain be
fore their eyes. Frequently | have
seen children who had survived by pre-
tending death. among all their slain
kinsfolA, or who had recovered from
wounds. the scars Of which they bear.
Among the most pit'able OF the rcfu-
gees was q three year-old boy whose
entire iamily. or househcld OF thirty,
three persons. had been murdered, and
he is being cared for by the refugees
from his village
One strong faced woman, who in other
circumstances would have been dis
tinguished, found occupying little
corner in a stable. and partly covered
by single rag. Her tale was simply
told, with unconscious dramatic effect
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13

the committee and is being enlarged
by refugee workmen. DR.. G.. c. Ray
nolds, the veteran missionary from
Van, whose wife died on the retreat
ard who has come out here to end his
days in congenial activity. is in charge
of the orphan relief and the orphan
age. He conducted q large orphanage
IN Van. His purpose. he says. is not
by any means to gather all orphans
into institutions, but to train a hun
cred picked boys, and later the same
number of girls, who may become
leaders Of the Armenian people There
are hundreds OF orphanages being we'll
maintained by the Armcnians them
selves, through their joint Armenian
committee, which handles also the
funds from the Russian government
Something like seven million rubles
every six months is spent by this COM
mitteo
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13

Of big steamer are made out. She
has changed course once or twice, but
apparently the U-boat lies fairly in
her track. AS the steamer climbs over
the horizon the submarines men 60
below. matches are closed, and with
roarings and blowings she submerges
until only the top Of her coming tower
shows above water.
A few minutes later even this dis
appears. and her commander watches
his intended victim through the peri
scope. He estimates her speed and
course, and figures that she will be at
certain point in so many-~minutes
When she is there she will be in range
lhen the periscopc is Withdrawn and
tNe submarine moves ahead unde,
water with nothing to show her pres
ence except slight wave over her
which cannot be distinguished from a
distance.
Just before the appointed time the
perscopc appears for Il few second.
and through its lenses the great Shir
Is seen, still heading as she was ant
almost at the calculated point. Dowr
comes the perscope and a few second.
later the order 20 fire is given. The
pirates torpedo speeds on its way ant
all hands listen eXpcctantly for the dull
thud. or watch for the ficser of tho
depth gauge needles that will announce
the explosion. Thirty, forty. fifty sec
onds go by, a minute and more passes
ard there is no sign. The torpedo
missed; it may have been seen; the
liner Is undoubtedly armed, and t;
emerge Will invite her fire and the rsl
or destruction. True, it will give :
chance for another shot. but there are
plenty more big ships, not too many
torpedocs. and, anyhow, safety first
The submarine sheers off; the steamer
speeds on her way; it is another wastet
torpedo and another narrow escape
To leaves the now dangerous spot
for the liners wireless has already re
ported The attack end a destroyer OF
Two Will soon be nosing around thu
eighbolhood. and destroycrs are un
comfortable neighbors for the U-boat.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
Relief a I riumph
For Americans

While the Russian government relief
has been great, even ii irregular. and
while the Ar,nenians themselves have
done we'll there arc two hundred or
phanages, with about SIX thousand III
mates in the Caucasus. and upward of
three hundred schools for refugee chill
drcn), the outstanding factor in Ar
menian relief has been the American
committee. Its work has been on
large scale, and in systematic form. Al.
of il has been supervised by Americans,
and the subordinate workers have been
men and women trained in American
mission schools, and known personally
TO the missionaries. Professors have
not hesitated to become relief agents
III villages or accountants or actual
workers in the industrial department.
Had it not been for the fact that there
was available a force of American
Board missionaries, knowing the Ian
guage and the land and the people, and
with trusted helpers at hand, the won
GERS that have been wrought il the way
of repatriation, rehabilitation and the
maintenance Of life and self-respect
would have been iInpossihlc
Could l write the hundreds of trb-
utes to America that have been given
to me by high and low for transmits
sion, | would need columns of space,
and the stories would all be attuned to
the note OF Americas uniqueness as TIE
brother nation, the friend OF the needy
everywhere. Il is not an Extravaganza
to declare that since the AK rested on
Arayat. there has been 40 nation in
this oft-conQuercd region whose doml
rance over the hearts of the people has
been as great as tha; OF America is
to-dav. Armenian relief has been
practical Christianity and real patriot
ism
5Copvrirht. 1917. by The Ellis Service.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
All Work Done
By Refugees

All the work upon the new orphanage
IS being done by refugees, from the
building OF the walls to the construc-
ton of the beds and the tables and
garments.
Other relief work for the children is
the furnishing of milk for the babies.
the maintenance of d physician and
the opening of a hospital. Dr. Ken
nedy is working with the Americans,
ne being Canadian and representing
the London Lord Mayors COMMITTEES.
British Quaker. Mr.. Heald, is rep
resenting the American committee at
AleNandrianople, where there is :. centre
of relief work. In three hundred viii
lagos hereabouts the Americans admin
lister and supervise relief for the wom-
en- and children. In the Erivan district
says Mr.. Gracey, there are approx
mately fifty thousand persons now be-
ing aided, directly or indirectly, by the
American committee.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13

enemy.
The landsman wonders how it could
happen. Was the lookout careless
Why didn't he see the perscope and
give the alarm? The landsman usu-
ally does not know that the U-boat can
lie in ambush and fire her deadly shot
unobserved. Yet such is the case.
One evening a few weeks ago we
were sitting in smoke-fil He'd room at
an informal little scnd-off to one of our
circle, young naval lieutenant
Scheduled to leave in day or two
from ian Atlantic port" in charge OF
The armed guard on q fast liner. he was
]ubllant over the prospect Of active SER
vice at last, though we all chaffed him
about hls chances and prophesicd a
perfectly tame and unintcresting trip.
"Thcres S action Of one sort on every
trip the ships Of this line have made, .
he said. "If it isn't one thing it is an
other. Anyhow, if we see a periscope
we Will be ready to do little shoot
ing."
"Ah. go on. Jim said the oldest Of
the party. You cant prove that you've
llcAcd sub unless you can bring back
her scalp. and Fritz is shy when 6-in cl
guns are around. You will have to tow
one in
AN right" seid jim. "We always tr;
TO oblge. Don't want to bet on it, d.
you?"
And so, under good natured chaff, We
concealed our anxiety for him, for he
was right-his new ships sisters hac
been having plenty of trouble with tn
German pirates.
We saw him again day or two ago
We asked him if he brought any
scalps with him, and all we got in reply
was q grunt
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
Every One ellis
A Sad Story

The shadow of NJ Mount Ararat is not
SO ever-prcsent as the shadow of the
great tragedy of the Armenian nation.
At first ! began to ask for stories, but
l soon quit that. Everybody has a
story. There is not one Of the five
thousand persons on the American pay
roll who has not felt the edge Of the
scimitar Of Islam. All the American
workers lost their homes and property.
Graccy. for instance had been for ten
years associated in Urfa with the Ger
man missionaries. One OF those mis-
sonaries proved to lie German cap
tain of artillery, and he It was who
mission, destroying the property where
he had countless times been enter
tanned as a guest.
There is the head OF the American
weaving establishment at Etchmiadzcn
whose wife cast herself down q preci-
pice. to escape dishonor at the hands
OF the Turks. Thousands Of women
likewise sought refuge in DEATH Fo.
many this welcome escape was impos-
sihle, and I have heard the stories OF
women who fell into the hands Of the
Turks and the kurds. In my posses
sion at the moment is the written
story, transcribed into English by ;
mission teacher. of several rirls who
escaped to the mountains, or were de
livered By the Russians. after severa
months in captivity. OF course il i.
unprintabe One of the hcnds namet
as personally guilty was a member o.
the Turkish Cabinet, and we'll known
to F,uropcans.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13

She had seen her husband and two
grown sons killed. Another son and
three daughters, who had fed with her
had been among the seventy thousand
from the Van region who died of wounds
and disease and starvation. Then hen
stoicism broke down. as she flung out
her arms, and weeping. cried FOR the
one daughter who had been carried off
to a Moslem harem or slavery. This
horror was with her day and night, as
the crown of her grief. She could no;
grasp at first that food and clothing
had come to her. and in her bewildcr-
ment, as she clutchcd her rag of a
garment together over her breast. she
said that her mind no longer acts right
because Of her thinking day and night
about her children.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
;ere Relief
Means Life

There are 10 starving Armenians in
Erivan. Yet this is the centre of the
community that fled from Turkey under
me spur of the prosecutions of the
Ilrk The reason is that the American
, nomgi'tee for Armenian and Syrian
Ee'iei, o. which Cleveland H. Dodge,
le'ropolitan Building. New York, is
II surer, has established here d sys-
OF organized relief, including: in.
cvstrial work on an extensive scale.
iaat mas meant literally life as we'll a.
capitalization to this section of the
YetUgees. who number altogether abous
quarter of q million in the Caucasus.
Perhaps that industrial work will
mako the best start for the story. In
stead OF direct relief. in the form of
iood or money. the committee. with an
eye 70 the future of the people. has
distributed labor. except in the case
ot children and helpless women. Since
clothing as we'll as food has to be pro-
Wded the refugees, the committee has
begun at the beginning. and distributed
cotton and wool among the women tc
he cleaned. carded and spun - except
that the cotton is first carded, after the
ancient bowstring fashion. by men.
The wool is give out as it comes from
'ae Sleeps backs. This is returned by
The women in the form of yarn, fol-
the spinning OF which they are paid
Thousands of pairs of socks have also
been knitted by the women.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
Scenes F rom
A Church Stable

Within the same stable and | am
sorry to say That the stable belonged
to the monastery Of the parent Ar
menlan Church at Etcnmiadzin, and
that 5he monastery takes rent lor it
from the Russian goyernment and
gives 40 1ooG 10 the refugees-there
WAS another woman, widow Of Il Van
merchant, who had been aNluent
though now she had but a littlc corner
oi the carthcn hoor rt q stable, which
she kept as tidy As possible. ller eyes
were like these OF q broken hearted
madonna, as she told how her husband
1our sons and a daughter had all been
Killed, and She was without a kinsman
in the world, except, possibly, a
nephew in distant Rostov. Her quiet
dignity was rs affecting in its way as
the other woman's explosion OF grief
Note book and memory are both full
of these stories. This man saw a priest
shod. like horse, before he was Slain;
this one saw cructisions; this little
boy and his tiny SISTER lived Tor three
months in the mountains on roots and
berries, before they came up with a
force Of Armenian volunteers; this
woman from Mush witnessed through
cut four days, from her hiding place
before she got away TO the mountains
the locking of families into houses
many persons being crowded into one
house, wherenpon kerosene was applied
and the victims burned TO death. The
mind grows numb and the heart sicl
from q constant recital Of such tales
of horror as it is difficult to believe
the twentieth century could hold. The
poor, weakened, mcnkey-hke babies
that have ben held up before my eyes
arc the worst spectaele Of all.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
Child raining at Home
BY Mothc1s Who Have Been kindergarten Teachers

This tie 1ceh series articles prepared udec tic direction
United
association Each rten by o has training
she has
learned helpful yon
the mothers the country.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
This Help Means Life
70 Quarter Million in
Caucasus Who Cheat
ed Death by Hunger
and Sword
Practical Religion, Di-
rected From New
York, Organizes Life
and Brings Hope to
Stricken Peoples
By William /. Ellis

ERIVAN, The Caucasus.
-HlS city has two present claims to
distinction for it is at once the
- nearest large town to Mount
Ararat and it is also the centre of the
relief work for the Armenian refugees
r. the Caucasus, who number about a
quarter OF million. An ancient city,
Er:yan has long been an Armenian
centre. and 1t was here that the recent
all-Armenian congress, to consider the
future Of the race, was held. Americas
representatives in the work of relief
have their headquarters here, and from
this centre radiates an organized min
istry for stricken people that is one
Of the notable achievements of this
world war. 1t will have religious and
political consequences beyond anything
imagined by the people of the West,
who sought only to save the lives Of
nyriads of sufferers.
As have daily watched the changing
hucs OF Mount Ararat, one of the sub
limest as we'll as the best-known peaks
on earth. it has come to have other
associations than those of the story OF
the ark and the salvation wrought TO
the race thereby. The long stretches
Of history upon which this snow crested
mountain has looked with millenniums
OF which the Armenians are associated,
grip the imagination. The mountain
OF the ark is associated in history with
this sorely distressed people and their
persistence as a nation; and now it
lay be that the scenes of American
't.vity witnessed at is base represent
rev salvation that has come to the
.mcnians. whose fidelity is one of the
4gye!s of Christian history.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-13
By Charles II. Hall
Editor of ".Sea Pouer'

A MOTHER ship sunk by Hun
~ torpedo. The torpedo's white
track was the first sign of an
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1918-05-22
TOOYOUNGT
GAS MASKS ON

Many people say: "Why doesn't the
government do the work Of the Red
Crosse" There is no better reply to
his question than to cite some of the
activities of the American Red Cross.
Last August the American Red Cross
issued an order for an automobile to
be given to a French hospital for chill
dren of Toul, near Nancy. A lot OF
chintzes for the bedrooms were sent
down to brighten them up, a lot Of toys
for the children-French children
brought in from the war zone, too
young to keep Oh their gas masks. To-
day ten Red Cross automobiles are
hauling to Red Cross hospitals in
France French children whose parents,
held in slavery in Germany, are now
being dumped every day at Evian, on
the Franco-Swiss border.
Fancy our government doing that for
French children. Yet it must be done
if the French morale behind the lines
is to be kept up. These deeds of the
American Red Cross are just as much
a part Of our military policy in France
and Italy as though they were done un-
der articles Of war. -
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1918-05-22

What is the attitude of the French
people toward the Americans? The
French are a very polite people, and,
no matter what their inmost thoughts
may be, they are not likely TO express
an opinion to an American other than
complimentary. But the children OF
all the world are guileless. They can
be depended upon to express in public
the private opinions Of their parents.
The children of France are crazy about
Americans in uniform, so we guess
what their parents feel for US,
On one occasion I was passing a pub
lie school with another Red Cross wo-
man physician in uniform and a
French visiting nurse. The school had
lust been dismissed, and a group of
young boys came trooping out. In
'stantly we were surrounded, and after
a seconds parley a young Mirabeau Of
about twelve years, the spokesman Of
the group, stepped forward, bowed
formally and delivered an address on
Lafayette and America, which vas
punctuated by the applause Of his adj
miring compatriots. The American
Eaglet could not possibly have scream
ed louder in the United States on the
Fourth Of July than it did on that back
street of a munition town in France.
l. Washington Not Mentioned.
z There seems to be some difference
of opinion on the relative Importance
of certain historic characters connect
ed with the American Revolution.