davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-07-11
COFFEY JOINS TIGERS.

Des Moines. Iowa. July I1.-Jack
Cofley, manager Of the defunct Des
Moines Western League club. has
signed with the Detroit Americans.
He joins the Tigers at Washington
Saturday.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-07-11

Chicago ......2 | Q 0 0 0 0 0-5
New York 30 l 0 0 0 0 o.
TwO-base hit-Pipp. Three-base
hit-Weaver. Struck out-A. Rus
sell. 6. Bases on balIs-A. Russell,
g. f. Russell, 5; Shellenback, 3.
Double plays -Peck-Pipp; Peck
Baker-Pratt; f. Collins-Weave -
Gandil; MCMullin-E .COllins-Gandil;
LieboId Schalk; Gilhcoley Peck
Hannah. Mogridge. ; in l
inning tnone out IN second: E.
Russell. in innings. Hit by
pitcher-By A. Russell, !.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-07-11
AMERICAN LEAGUE.
Yesterdays ReSnltS.

Chicago. D, New York. 4
Boston, ,; Cleveland. 0 6 in
nings) RAIN.
Philadelphia. 5; Detroit. l.
St. Louis Washington, rain.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-07-11
THORPE VS.. HANLON.

Des MOines. Iowa. July 11.-Jim-
ME Hanlon, St. LOuis-Denver light
weight, has been matched with
Harvey Thorpe of Kansas City for a
12-round go here July 10.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-07-11
League Standings
NATTONA ILFAGTE
YESTERDAYS Results

YESTERDAYS Results.
Boston, I Chicago, l.
New York, 8, Pittsburgh, 4.
Cincinnati, 81; Brooklyn. 0. O.
st. Louis, -; Philadelphia,
81
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-07-11

Make
lent Oh
IN in |
ssty ID
PIAI
Per md
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
SHIPBUIL0ERS PLAYED
TWO GAMES ON SUNDAY

The wood Shipbuildsrs' Baseball
league made Its debut yesterday al
Liberty park. playing two games
The first one was between the
Mescham and Babcock and the
TregoninE nine. and the second was
played by Patterson Mac Donald and
Elliott bay
Mayor Hanson and Chief Warren
were the batteries for the first four
balls thrown In the new league. Al.
tho Hanson threw one close to the
plate. he couldn't slip any OF the four
balls he threw across the center
The Tregoning squad Of life boat
builders outclassed Meacham and
Babcock's nine at every stage OF the
game. but ran into hard luck. in.
Guiding the umpire's close decisions.
Gulla. on the mound for the former.
allowed eight hits. while Merlack.
who pitched for the wooden boat
builders. was touched for IL safeties.
The score was ! TO 3.
The Patterson. Mac Donald boys
won from the Elliott Bay club in a
1906 game.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
WILD BILLS
WING COACH
FOR DETROIT

NEW YORK. May Having
failed at winning an American
league pcnnant In two cracks a, IL
with the Yankees. 1871 Donovan. old
Wiid Biil Of the haicyon days when
Detroit was winning pcnnanis In the
johnson circuit. in beginning TO sec
the gilmmcr OF the crown tina, fits
his head. Blli Ia just about TO roll
into fame as coach OF the Dctroi,
pitchers And II h. does he viii alb.
aoluicly be- the first pitching coach
who ever has attained fame In any
more than passing remarks.
Long ago u was noiscd over the
land and accepted as truth that
Hughie Jennings who runs the DE.
troit club. simply could not Judge
good pitching material. and could not
develop thosc with whom he came
In contact aa Tigers. The men who
have become stars on the Detroit
team have done so because the nat.
ural ability WIS there, they nccded
no help.
Gets Results
Coach after coach has taken his
little fling with the set OF Fingers
supported by the Tigers. and. one
and all. they have failed to accom-
pllrh tho results necessary. Now
Bili Donovan IL trying 1.-THE BIZ
Donovan who pitched the Tigers
into their pennanB in the old days.
Whether Biil will get results that
will show at the top OF tho list re
mains To be seen. The going will he
hard and lot OF ball games must
he won to make the Tigers cham.
pions Of the American league. But
BIN certainly has been getting re
suits during the spring trip. as the
Cincinnati Reds will testify.
when Donovan was manager OF
the Yankees he was credited with be
ing n shrowd handler Of pitchers.
George Mogridgc developed under
his management and turned in no
hit game during his service as Bins
best lcfthandcr. Nick Cullop was a
star with Donovan TO show him
how. Bob Shawkcy never amounted
10 great deal as a pitcher until BIN
took hold OF him. BIN found Slim
Love. and Gained Ray Caldwell.
He's got tho goods. II he has the
material 20 work with in Detroit. he
il "A man 20 be Justly fcarcd-and
perhaps famed
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
CHESTNUT CHARLIE.
Lots of Doings
For Fight Fans
Here This Week

one Of tho big bouts Of week
that promises 90 src many interest
ing msles-. IL scheduled 90 take plac-
at Tacoma Tuesday night. when
Frank Farmer runs up against some
tough going In the person q Jack
Dillon. alias Jack. the Giant Killer
~ indianap polls. who packs a walloy
In either hand. and. In Obedience TO
Macbcth's famous injunction. Ii not
a, all slow to lay on"
Fans who witnessed the bout b.
tween Farmer ana klng here last
Tuesday at the Arena. viii be sp@
ciaily interested In the figbt. as u will
afford many cniightsninE angles on
the battle to be staged in Seattle
between Dillon and Mickey. a week
from Tuesday, IL IL generally be-
iisycd that Farmer win not be ablr
20 stand up against tho feroCious
fighter from IN. East. but Farmer
IL fully capable 81 sprinEiuE a sur
priss. The King Dillon bout ia On
p-cted to draw the greatest attend
anee given fight In this locality
for a long time
WING IN popularity Win tha DIX
fight In Tacoma. will be n boxing
card staged by Nate Druxinman Mt
the Eiks' club Of Seattle. Wcdncs'
day. all numbers being good
George tugic and frankie Tucker
will mix In tho headliner. when
Tucker. clever California gladiator,
will cndcavor TO remove the coast
lightweight crown from tho iron
makers brow
In the second bout. billy Williams.
former local boy. will take on the
rugged IN dtwo listed Chester Ssff.
Lloyd Madden and Frankie Rodgers
are expected To put up an interesting
go. and bob Harper and ~ Sanford
are also being watched. Tho prelim
mary will be between I'D Carroll and
Patsy Ciciago.
Steve Reynolds. Scattle's husky
fireman. win appear on the Tacoma
card. His opponent has not yet teen
announced.
One OF tho big bouts OF the week
will be between Mike Pete. OF Seat
tic. and Nuff bronson. Portland
star. who will tanglc in a ten-round
affair az Aberdeen Monday night.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
MUST HAVE FED MEAT
TO THE CATS SUNDAY;
KEPT GIANTS CROCCY

Pat Eastiey put claws In the Black
Cats Sunday when he registered 4
5.to6 heating for tn. Giants. for the
first time this season. Pat IN the
latest acquisition OF the Cats. and IL
he whoops II up for the rest OF the
season at Sundays rate. he is some
little acquisition.
The Giants played somewhat like
the breaking up Of a hard winter
Sunday. With the Cats showing up
stronger than any other time during
The series. Leard and his big men
seemed helpless to stop the scoring
IL Roy's trusty soup bone seemed in
the grip OF sciatica.
He stopped the kitties In the first
and second. putting them to bed in
trtpssts. In the fourth. the fellnes
enmo back. and they continued to
come back periodically during the
gAme- Egan must have fed his pets
INV meat between innings.
EAstley outpitched the Chief sat
urday and celebrated bis first 1918
1ongue game in great style. E.astiey
played with Seattle last season and
~ had all the weaknesses OF hts old
Dals complied for use against them.
Bogart. who has distinguished
himself for buugiing in the three
ether games OF the season. pulled
same spectacular field work Satur.
Gay. Egan. at second was also
hard one to get past.
The ninth inning. when the Giants
SEEMED TO pick up and buck Eastlcy
effectively for while. was the best
- the game.
.Aitschuf led off with n single and
was sacrificed By Rowland 10 sec.
end Eastiey fouled out. Bogart
nIngIed to right and Altschul scored
Dcgzrt stole and came in for a tally
when Hester hit the pill to center.
making the score ! to 0.
Dugdale has added a new member
to his team In the person OF Lee
Dempsey. OF Portland. feathers.
Los Angeles shortstop. has also been
requisitioned for the Giants and is
expected to report on the field soon.
The Portland first was sold by Nc
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
MIKE PETE AND MUFF
BRONSON ON TONIGHT

Tonight will see the staging OF
what promises To be big fight in
Aberdeen. when Mike Pete. of Seat.
tie, and Muff Bronson. OF Portland,
get out on the mat and waltz around
for ten rounds
According to Manager Harry Drux-
man. Aberdeen in fighting mad-or
rather. fight mad--at the present
writing. This Is said to account for
the tenround bout
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
TRAP SHOOT BRINGS
NO PERFECT SCORE

TACOMA. May s.-Trapshooters
from nearly all the clubs in the state
are completing today the annual
shoot Of the Washington State Trap.
shooters association. Yesterday no
perfect scores were made. but +. G.
Couts. Frank Troeh. r. ". PhIpps.
Z. ~. Grossman and Harry Quick
All made - out Of n possible 30. and
{. u. Bishop was high In the l00.bird
event with Is. J. b. Lewis and j.
Ruppe made ~ each in the final so.
bird handicap event.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
Here You Are, Boys
and Girls, Big Bike
Contest on May 80

Bicycle races OF all descriptions
for boys and girls will be held May
30. Decoration day. Entry blanks
can be secured at any bicycle store
next week.
The Seattle park board has grant.
cd the use OF Woodland park for the
exhibition. and so prizes. ranging from
bicycles down to accessories. will be
offered by the Seattle Cycle aSsocia-
ton az trophies for winners.
Monday. at y. m, members OF
the Seattle Cycle association and all
persons interested in the bicycle day
program are requested TO be on hand
at Piper 4 Tafts.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
EXPECT TONEY TO ADD
TONETOTHE RACEFOR
THE NATIONAL FLAG
BY ALTMAN.
BY BLOSSER.

their proper allotment OF hitting.
and. hence. have been riding a slip
perry chase. The Cubs. on the otter
hand. have been getting the w<A-
oiled work OF carefully balanced
team. They have won nine straight
and are ready to challenge the
Giants at any time.
The Phillies visit the Polo grounds
tomorrow TO have another session
with the Giants. and then the mug.
dering Giants go West. first TO Il
on the Pirates. and then the Rec
Cardinals and Cubs. II they can leap
these obstacles. the boys who bet
against them may as well begin fig
uring out their losses, for the only
thing that will stop them then would
be an epidemic OF broken legs. or =
profession OF enllstfnents.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
u. of w. Athletes
to Appear on the
Track Thursday

Track athletes OF the University of
Washington will make their one and
only appearance on the field on
Thursday afternoon, at O'Clock.
when the big interclass track meet
is scheduled 10 take place. A silver
cup has been offered for the class
winning the highest number of
points. and a medal for the winning
individual contestant
Contracts binding the University
OF Washington to compete in track
contests with other colleges have all
been Cancelled. with the exception of
Oregon Agricultural college. 1t is ex.
pected that that will be Cancelled i'm.
mcdiately.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
selling Prices TO Retailer I'm,
Butter. EgGs and Cheese
EGG MARKET, HOWEVER.
is NOT YET AFFECTED

There will be fewer bricks and
flowers for persons with "A propen.
sity for throwing things during the
remainder OF the war state Fuel
Administrator David Whitcomb has
ordered "A sweeping curtailmcnt of
the use OF fuel by brick manufac.
turcrs and florists.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
ny u. &. HAMILTON
United Press Correspondent

NEW YORK. May with Fred
Toncy back in harness for the Reds.
and with the Cubs performing var.
ious feats OF strength, things do not
appear 50 dark in the National
league. as the Giants have been
painting them.
Just now. OF course. IL appears
that tho Giants will be so far ahead
81 the procession by July 4. that II
will take telescope to find them.
But. as has been said. the West has
yet 10 show It's wares TO the cham.
pions OF Gov. Tener's league. and
something more tangible in the way
OF dope may turn up.
Tho Reds have not been getting
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
EDDIE M'GOORTY ON
WAY TO CAMP GRANT

CHICAGO. May 6 Eddie Nc
Goorty was TO leave for Camp Grant
today with Chicago draft contin
gent Registered at San Francisco.
McGoorty was examined at Oshkosh
Wis. and called from Chicago Cam -,
athletic officers say he viii have a
chance to continue his boxing.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
NED EGAN, MANAGER.
COMMITS SUICIDE

CHICAGO. May 6.-Ned Egan.
famous as minor league baseball
manager. committed suicide by shoot
ing himself. In a hotel here. early
today. Egan was to have been man.
aRer OF the Milwaukee association
club this year. but III health pre-
vented a note indicated his Illness
inspired the suicide.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
BY Condo.

Credie because Manager Fish~r Is
going 20 hold down the sack at first.
feathers has been playing In the
linelight in the City Of Angels. lie
comes with glowing rvcommsnds'
tons from the southern eity.
With his team rounded out. Lard
i confident that IN. Spokane In.
dams. who play here this week. will
40 home with their war feathers
dropping.
Seattle won Saturdays game with
1hWrffa~F
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
BASEBALL DEAD AT "U"

intercollegiate baseball at the Uni.
vcrsity OF Washington lasted just
long enough TO see team turned
out. The team then went to pieces.
literally. The freshmen class. how
ever, will maintain a team. playing
the high schools here.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06

E<sn !. Aits~hpi !. Sacrifice hit-Rc~-
land ErFur--Hestsr Double plays
Rowland 10 Exnn tn Hester xeFsa 20
carnan 20 Lizard. Left on hasss- SEATTLE
6. Absrdesn q Bases IN baiis-pff Fast.
Icy !. OF - Hoy !. E,ruck out ~ East.
ley ). BY 10 Roy :. Wild plteh-Is ROY
Hit by piteaer-Bogar,. Time Is
umpfrc--Coixafs
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
TODAY'S MARKET REPORT

The brisk demand for Strawberries
continued Monday. and tho latest
shipments from California set the
price % Los Angeles berries at S2.:s
per crate. Saturday they sold at
ssI5 and s. 90 per crate.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06
TIGERS WIN. ! TO :

TACOMA. May s-spokane went
down to defeat At the hands OF BIN
Speas Tigers yesterday. in 7 to 2
fracas.
The Seattle star. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, 1918-05-06

PORTLAND. ore, May 6.-The
Buckaroos were shut out by Bill
Shoup yesterday. TO o.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-11-01
Anaboy

TIL, first number of the lecture
and lyceum course will be given at
the opera house Thursday evening.
N. e. Day was home for few days
but has gone to Bath, Maine, IN the
interest of the American Gas COM
pony.
An interesting canning club enter1
tainment was given at the school
house last week.
Ben Tight has purchased the livery
and dray business of Walter Kenney.
The Amboy boys left Tuesday for
service in Uncle Sans army.
The annual gathering of the mem
bers of the Presbyterian church was
held at the church Monday night and
all report good time.
Erwin Day, son of Mr.. and Mrs
H. T. Day, died Sunday morning and
was inferred in the Pleasant View
cemetery Monday afternoon. Erwin
was an exemplary young man and
had just received his papers to serve
Uncle Sam in the war when he was
suddenly taken ill and passed away.
He was one a. his fathers staunch
supporters in the hardware store and
always spoken highly of and was a
credit to the community at Amboy
! Besides his parents he leaves a twin
brother, Earl. two brothers, Clarence
and Lawrence and a sister, Mrs
Armstrong of Minneapolis, to mourn
mis- death.
Carl Laven, Edgar Anderson, Glen
Strusz, and A. Butler of North Man
| kato were among the Nicollet county
boys who went to st Peter yesterday
having been called for military serv
ice.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-11-01

INFORMS gas -r1as1s ca room full OF
new, unused masks leather hip boots.
documents Official and othcrwise)'
helmets, rifles and revolyers. For
live stock we have the crown princes
goat and thirty lone RABBITS, ne
goat we called Grown prince pptli
the unfortunate discovery was maze
that we had the sex wrong. No one
seemed to know for sure what the
princess name is SO we took chance
on Cecilia and let it go at that. she
looks quite snappy after a good bath,
dressed in her made to- order blanket
with the section insignia on either
side
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-11-01
American Casualties.

WASHINGTON D. G. October 24.-The
war deDartment issued a casualty
list today in which 700 casualties
were reported. The Minnesota men
arc as follows:
Killed in action. Private Gustav A.
Sollom. Holt: Private William e.
Berg. Duluth.
Wounded severely in action Priv
ate Charles E. Brownson. Monte
video; Private Luppe Smook. Ellis
worth
. Wounded, degree undetermined
Private Patrick E. Warner, Brain
erd.
Missing in action, Private Everett
L. Hunt. Traverse.
Wounded slightly in action, Priv
ate Adolph Olberg, Middle River.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-11-01

Soren Sorenscn, who has been serv-
ing as chief train dispatcher for the
Milwaukee railroad at La Crosse,
is spending couple of days visit
ing his brother-in- law, Theodore
Just, while on his way to Austin,
Minn.,. where he has been assigned as
chief train dispatcher for the COM
pany.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-11-01
Young Man Given Nice Commission
in the Marine Corps.

Last Monday Mr.. and Mrs. Alec
Strand, 125 West Ninth street. re-
ceived letter from their son Walter
in France, IN which he stated that hc
mad gone "over the top" four times
without a scratch and was still feel
ing as well as ever. He has been
promoted from sergeant to lieutenant
OF the marine corps. He says: "FrftzisS
Is on the run on all fronts and on tho.
downward pathH E's-9s'stsS
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-11-01

Paul V. Hoerr, writes from point
in France that he is getting along
nicely. He is all ready to do his
duty as an aviator. He likes the
work very much. He is very anxious
TO get into that part of the game.
He speaks of having read Mankato
news in Paris papers. Learned of
the county going dry from The Paris
Mail
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1918-11-01

/ IHc pace Is HOW run IOr LnlS OK
: press purpose-taking care of con-
valescing ambulance men after they
are well enough to leave the hospital,
making it as honey and as comfort
able as possible The idea of the
thing~is splendid for us and the SUI
pervision is of the best.
| One can't help admiring the way
our plucky little boys tore off that
5oche salient. Miserable weather
with roads in bad condition but not
once did they falter AS far as l can
lsee the papers are right in saying
that it was complete victory for the
Americans. And $4,000 prisoners
means something.
In following up these advances the
ambulance work is often the most
interesting. One has a chance to see
and observe so much more of the
4 general situation. And when one runs
into a freshly captured village there
lis usually minute or two between
loads in which to pick up souve-
mir or two which no enc else has had
time to fool with. For instance, in
one town l got hold of a bill adver-
Using a special film to be shown tc
the German soldiers that night in the
VERY building we were using for {
dressing station. I'm not much or
this souvenir stuff but this rather
appealed to me as worth keeping
lFritzie must have pulled out in som,
what of a rush for he left many
things of interest and value behind
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1918-05-23
CLINTON

Mrs George Roberts and two chill
dfen of Lewiston have come to pass
the summer with her parents Mr..
and Mrs. A. +. Mcfarland
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Gowen and
son. Vincent of Waterville We're
visitors over Sunday with Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles Sherman.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bert Batchelder have
returned to their home in Clinton
after passing a few days with her
mother, Mrs. Clark Dixon.
The two barns owned by Mrs. Ar
Vile Mason were burned Saturday
night about 10 o'clock also nice pair
of work horses owned by Earl Brack-
EFT. The members Of the family We're
all away for the evening but Mrs.
Mason and the two Bracket children.
The fire was well underway when
discovered so there could be nothing
done to save the horses. Mr. Brack-
EFT lost a nice hay press that was
stored in one of the barns with no in
Surance.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1918-05-23
MADISON
Spur Track Being Built to Log
Piles on Bank Of River
Death of Mrs. William Bax-

Miss Mabel Tinkham of Washing
ton, d. c., was the guest of her par
ents Mr.. and Mrs. G. G.. Tinkham
Monday night Miss Tinkham is a
former well-known Arson girl, who
after her graduation from the Madi-
son High school went to Washington
to take course in nursing in the
Deaconess hospital. With the ex-
Ception of few months spent in this
place at various intervals, Miss Think
ham has followed her profession in
the Capitol city for several years.
She recently volunteered her services
to the government as an army nurse
and has been accepted She will be
one Of party of 100 nurses and ply
sicians that will sail for France in
about a week and she will be sta
toned with her unit near Paris. An
informal farewell reception was ten
Qered to Miss Tinkham by a few
friends at her home from 10 to u
O'Clock Monday evening.
A crew of men arrived Tuesday to
begin at once building a spur track
from a point few rods below the
end of the Maine Central to the log
piles of the Great Northern Paper
Co, on the bank of the Kennebec
river. Instead of floating their logs
down the Kennebec the company will
car in a greater part of their long
logs and pile them on the site of the
old piles and dump into the river as
needed.
MI. and Mrs. Reuben Heaid re-
turned Monday night from a short
VISIT win Mrs. Heads sister, Mrs.
Is. r. TwitchelI in Winthrop.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1918-05-23

been able. not only to pay what eA
penses they have had. but also vo'eo
the following gifts: To the Sou'n
China Second Red Cross War fund'
$500; to the South China Red Cross
society. $500; to the Friends War Re-
lief Work. $500; to the Windsor Sec
ond Red Cross War Fund. $500; and
TO the Windsor Red Cross society,
$500. There is also a balance of 81
cents in the treasury as a nest egg
for next year.
In addition to the above the stu
dents have raised s75 toward the run
ming expenses Of the school. bought
some things for the school. and have
enough in the treasury to pay all the
commencement expenses.