davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15

York, which is located in Washington
street at its southern end. IL is the
Orient, the Old World knocking at
the door Of the New; esking admis-
sion: that II be allowed to give, in eX,
change for its daily bread, all the
wisdom culled from passing centuries.
There are 10000 Syrians in New
York alone. Most OF them are crowded
in the lower part OF the city, as re-
mote from American life as II they
Rad never crossed the great ocean.
Huddled up in a corner parked OF on
account of their poverty, they live
their own life according to thousand
year old traditions and customs.
True, some Of the men sell rugs in
stores I'D town and some old women
sell lace on Broadway. but except
dollars they bring nothing back to
their quarters.
There IL the old Oriental Cafe. where
the ioungers sip from small cups
Turkish coffee. which Is brought to the
table in the little brass pot IN which II
was especially brewed. The walter who
brings It to the customer has q red
fez on his head and smokes leisurely
q cigarette.
OF an evening you can see the old
patriarchal Oriental father on his
doorstep, smoking a narghile, the ruby
studded meerschaum mouthpiece fully
ten feet from the slowly burning TO-
bacco in the copper urn over the glass
vase filed with fresh water to cool the
passing smoke before II enters the
tube.
Water is still offered you in ar
esrthen jar much the same as 1t was
offered to the Apostles centuries ago
and though tho young blood has taker
to high heeled, patent leather shoes
| the feet that ran barefoot over the
cobblestones OF Smyrna and SaionicG
are only too glad when released from
the enoasement,
Old feuds enliven the monotony o.
life. The old hatred against the Turks
their neighhors over here an well a;
over there. flares up occasionally. Thu
| jealousy OF the Armenian neighbo
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15
STARTLING ADVANCE IN AMERICAN AVIATION MADE IN YEF

forty to sixty feet They carry from
500 TO 900 pounds. The two sections
have double sets of controls.
How a man learns TO fly n machine
can no more he told than how man
learns to paddle a canoe. You may be
told OF JOY stick and rudder bar and
tail stabillzer and ailerons on the
wings, and yet the only way TO learn
to fly Is to fly.
When the tail goes down the nose
goes up. and vice versa; and when the
ridder turns one way the nose turns
the same way; and when wind pun
iounces the fuselage you get to work
on the ailerons but there IL u lot more
TO dying. Coasting down, for instance,
after you turn OF the engine, just cx-
actly when should you turn II on to
fiatten out horizontally again and miss
nose smash? When the wind or an
enemy shot gets the wings sidewise
vertically and she begins to revolve
round a pivot. what then? And when
you have TO head her up too vertically
and the engine stalls. how 10 prevent
a tail dive, the most dreaded OF all &C
cidents?
You can no more teach these things
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15

some Syrian restaurants Americana
ing themselves by having corned beef
on their bill OF fare
Jusuf, Saham and Bahadi have
changed their names to Joe, sam and
}cnn. beautifully carmned Beha2e is
now called Fay and uses, In Il CONVEX
sation with her Syrian lover in the
native tongue, expressions like Il
should like so" makes me sick" and
II can swear"
But though the old people regret
the estrangement which begins to SOW
itself between them and their children
deep In their hearts they are happy
because they see the door of the New
World opening to the children of one
Of the oldest races from tho Old World.
And | only now begin TO understand
what the wise old yucca. the Old cob
bier, meant when he said to mo tho
other day:
This war not bad for Syrians-
good VERGE good-makcm Americans
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15

feet up to defy the anti-aircraft guns
known as Archies-and here it may
be said the English Channel was
crossed in fifteen miutes by squadrons
going over for contact patrol-but
even in the clouds you might meet
a Hun or collide in the mist with one
OF your own machines and lock wings
through suction; or if the weather
was not clear and the big guns were
busy. you might have to ny very low.
which is terribly dangerous work
amid air torn to tatters by tornado
OF shells And no matter how dam
gerous his situation the aviator must
stay on the line and signal back to
his sides gunners where the German
guns were placed, where tao troops
were advancing, where and By how
much a shot WAS missing its target
perhaps where the aviatOr's side we're
getting the men in danger OF their
own big gun Are.
signal system Is TOO Technical.
The signal system is too technical
for a layman. Wireless can be used
but not always. for owing TO the roar
OF the engine and guns it was often
impossible for the airman to get a
message from the ground; and his
wireless back TO his side could be in
| tercepted so ground sheets and shut
ters placed in certain formation or
the ground got the message up 10 the
man in the air. There was also a
system by which the aviator encircled
| the enemy battery in forms and mum
bers that told the men far behind the
enemy trenches how TO correct the
range. Early in the war it was a sur
prise to the Allies to discover that the
Hun often knew the avator's code
and would signal perhaps a hundred
rounds OF valuable shells TO wrong
targets. This would send the aviator
racing back TO his own line to tell his
gunners to stop it or to arrange new
signals.
But don't imagine the Hun airmer
let the allied aviators balance grace
fully above the enemy trenches un
molested Archies woofed up II
vicious banks and puffs of high eXplo
sives, and the red, white and blu,
birds could miss the Arches one o
three ways-by quick zigzag dodge
from pocket TO pocket of bumpy air
by going too high for the anti-air
craft guns range, which was Away
too high for the Allies aviators 4
observe, or by coming so low tn
Arches could not range horizontally
Then the aviators with the blacl
cross on their wings might swoo
down from the clouds overhead. whe
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15

Special training planes were devel
oped In thousands and so thorough n
grounding in aviation given that no
boy was sent TO the front TIL his own
nerves were bullet proof and his abil
ity had been demonstrated In repeated
tests. look UP the instructions Civ
en- experimentally In the early days
of war aviation and find such admoni-
tons an these; NO such thing as
luck" Don't face your enemy"
Don't face the sun" "Volplane down
when pursued" "1t hard pressed.
turn upside down to deceive, then
dive and 20 he'll for leather"
And yet the old despern ton me thods
turned out some wonderful avia-
tors. Rlohthofen took one OF his first
observation flights above the burning
battle lines Of Russia through "glgan-
tic columns or smoke where the air
heaved with tho heat OF the burning
cities. His plane was hit and they
could barely coast ii above n forest
to land In an open meadow. At Os-
tend, while he was serving as observer,
bullets went through his boots, his
mufiier. the sleeve OF his leather
jacket.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15

outstretched wing 10 be worn on the
left breast, spending four months on
observation duty.
To-day better methods OF training
are used. The aviators are first taught
the mechanics OF their engine 10 en-
able them to repair motors and to regu-
late aeroplanes. Then little scoots are
taken across the ground on As horse
power machines at thirty miles an hour
till the pupil can turn the machine on
the ground without circling from the
wind. Next comes a little hop off the
ground. then learning 20 point the nose
properly TO land, then flights OF from
fifteen to 800 feet, then flights in
training machines with double con-
trolls, one set for the pupil, one set for
the trainer who takes his hands of
his controls when the pupil does not
know It till the boy gets the feel OF
the air" and confidence and lack of
self consciousness.
Presently comes the day OF days,
when the boy goes up without his
| teacher. demonstrating that he can
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15

Corps the first time he went up as q
passenger felt the wheels bounce
under him like rockets. Every bump
In an air pocket resembles the thump
OF a falling express elevator; and
when he went up for the first time
alone he had his nerves shattered by
a horrible spectacle of a fellow pupil
crushed to death in bad landing.
He literally prayed It would rain so
that the flight might he postponed.
His nerves were so stretched they
seemed almost TO crack.
Bounce. Up she went. The ground
was telescoping away from under him.
So were the remnants OF his courage,
when he presently found what horse
back riders find when they grasp the
art--that he was going all right. and
the first battle. the battle with his
nerves, was won.
Another ace. a Canadian who had
been used to mountain climbing, didn't
mind the going UP a bit, even to 5000
feet, though his companion pilot
jounced him all about in stunts; but
when they began to coast down, or,
rather, horrors, when the trees and
chimney tops began shooting UP 10
meet them, his eyes began TO pop out.
He shut both eyes to keep from faint
ing: and that boy was later such a
fine pilot himself that he was put on
two OF the trickiest Jobs-''contact pa
troll" above the big guns andsferrying
new. green, untried machines from the
English factories across the Channel
to the dying base.
Nerve the Main Essential.
So when you ask what makes a good
| fiier the answer seems like the answer
to the question what makes n good
| racehorse-nerve. lots OF nerve, quiv-
! ering nerves, but nerves in command
for the airplane itself is the most del
icately poised nervous machine ever
devised by man and its masters hand
| must have enough feel TO get that.
These qualities are. OF course, alto
gether independent OF the primary re-
duirements OF perfect health, perfect
eyesight and perfect hearing.
! In the early days of the war training
planes OF any sort were so scarce and
the need OF aviaters as scouts so des-
| perate that It was quite customary 70
test out mans flying abilities by put
| ting him in any type of two scatter
bus" on wings and sending him out
with a trained pilot as observer. map
worker or photographer; but as avia-
tors developed from mere eyes to a
main body of the army and navy this
sort Of trying out proved utterly In
adequate,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15
Training of Thousands of Fliers Most
Remarkable Feature of Work
Done in War Rush

neck too soon. The airman must al
ways be a good deal OF a knight.
IT has been said that It cost $4,000
tho price Of two training machines
to graduate each aviator. This In
cluded S40o a year for food and cloth
ing II did cost $4,000 II ne broke
two machines, and there Is no use in
saying II a man broke two ma chimes
he should be directed to another call
ing. Guynemer broke the propeller
OF his first machine in n haystack,
and when Bishop. the Canadian who
has seventy-two victories to his credit,
went up on his first solo 1t gave him
goose flesh and shivers to note that
an ambulance stood on the airdrorne.
Winslow OF the French Flying
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15

"Whye Jusuf Sahadi."
because I was 81 years old" And
that was all.
Later I met Mr.. MolIarzel the editor
OF Al HOdd, one of the four daily news
papers printed in Syrian.
why is It they are So" did not
want to say ignorant. but Mr.. Mokar-
eel interrupted me impat!ently.
Nobody ever took the trouble to eX-
plain them anything" he said They
are secluded Americans are avoiding
them because they judge people ac-
cording 20 their clothes. according TO
their standard OF living, and most OF
the people are poor"
And from other sources learned
that leaflets Issued by the different
war agencies whose office IS to in
struct the foreigner are simply trans.
lated into Syrian, word for word, and
! no atteption is paid to the fact that
the psychological gap between a
Syrian and an American Is as wide as
the difference between the two Ian
guages.
There are 100000 Syrians in the
United States; more than 5000 have
are not ignorant. They only have a
different culture. They only appear
ignorant to the ignorant, as a cultured
American or Frenchman would seem
in China were he to be ignorant Of
Chinese. Chinese customs and cul-
ture.
Attracted by some topazes in the
window OF one OF tho jewellers on
Washington street entered the store
\ sparely built Oriental was sitting
on n table. Turkish fashion. and was
gently hammerinE a silver ring, which
he turned around the butt OF tho small
anvil. In a corner showcase of the
shop a number OF service pins were
exhibited. brooches with one. two four
and six stars.
A stout woman entered the store
and started a conversation with Ma
loot the jeweller. who never for q
moment paused in his work. When
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15
SCULPTURE BY PHOTOGRAPHY.
PROCESS for nrodncinn |

A PROCESS for producing bas-
~ relicfs by photography is the
fruit Of the invention OF an
Italian scientist.
The basis OF the invention 10 the
property possessed by film OF
chromium gelatin OF swelling In pro-
portion to the intensity Of tho light
falling upon II. The swelling Is
greater with low than with a high
intensity. 30 that the light passing
through a Photographic negative pro
duoes upon a chromium gelatin plate
positive IN distinct relief.
The transparency OF an ordinary
negative, however. is not truly proper
tional TO tho relief OF the original
model, but by an ingenious automati
device involving double exposure this
difficulty is avoided and negative
IL obtained having its lights and
shades correctly graded to produce
the eject OF relief.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15

by theory than YOU can teach a rider
how TO hurdle a spirited jumper over
five bars. He had TO learn by know
ing; first his horse, then trying it out
with from one 10 five bars: and that
is what the aviation schools are for,
and there isn't a day in Il school when
experiences do not contradict. or seem
to contradict. mathematical facts.
Two examples Of this: Boclcle tells
of an English ace climbing out TO right
II crippled wing. Aeronomics says II
couldn't he done: Yet would BoelclSe
bear testimony TO the impossible in a
foe? Science declares when u man
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15
SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY BY CAT

w THILE the cat has often served
w the purposes of science. 1t has
generally been not to her own
comfort and frequently with the loss
OF her life, One cat in Australia, how
ever, proved her usefulness in the adj
vancement OF human knowledge with
out being compelled to sacrifice her
self on the altar of science.
This cat belonged to n member of
an expedition into the interior of Aus
tralia, One day she brought To her
master strange little animal which
she had captured among the rocks.
The man handed the animal over to
the naturalist of the party. who saw at
once that pussy had made an impor
tant discovery. The animal she ha i
caught was new and apparently rare
species OF the tribe of insect eating
marsupials belonging to the great
family OF which the giant kangaroo
is the most conspicuous representa-
tive
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15
Thrilling First Experiences of the
Greatest Aces, Every One of
Whom Conquered Fear

falls 5000 feet the velocity is 20 great
that a vacuum has caused death be-
fore the man hits the ground, yet an
Irish aviator fell 5000 feet, shot in
his planes tail; probably lie came
down swirling slowly owing to an up
current. but he came alive in Ger
man hospita--so there you are.
And lust as 1t was found that hit
or miss training would not no. so 1t
was found that chance Observation
would not do. Observation WORK
finally developed into reconnolsdnee'
photography, signaling and hnaliv'
the most dangerous of all war in the
air. contact patrol.
Trenches might be crossed at l2'Voo
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15
BY K. BERCOVICI.

A y official OF one Of the sight
~ seeing car companies COM
planned bitterly OF the admin
istration OF the city because It had
eliminated Chinatown from the map.
Why" he said, they won't even
tolerate our fake opium joints. which
We staged TO please our patrons. Now
they have gone and cleaned up the
streets and there is nothing more to
show there. Even the East Side is
changing so fast that soon we won't
have anything to show to our Gus
toners"
But the complaint OF the man was
due 10 his ignorance. Like most spe-
cialists, he IL a victim OF routine, and
a good many interesting things
dangling before his nose are out of his
vision. The man does not know the
Syrian quarters, the Orient OF New
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-12-15

Roberts, a Canadian, noticed little
puts Of cloudlike smoke, which he
did not recognize as anti-aircraft gun
shots till yellow fash took the air
plane tumbling into a shell hole in
the air. A sudden stop OF the engine
stopped Roberts's heart, too. and the
downward plunge was at such terrific
speed that the planes literally whis-
tied; but the pilot knew his Job. 1t
was no feather landing they made,
but they did land none the worse ex-
cept for n hard jounce.
Bishop, too. began as an observer
in o car that had the ague OH all
climbs: but in this car he won the
New-York tribune., 1918-09-21
Document No. 55

Circular, June Q. l91A.-From tho
General Staff to all military attaches
in the countries adjacent to Russia,
France, Italy and Norway. In all
branches of German banks III Sweden,
Norway, Switzerland and the United
States special war credits have been
opened for subsidiary war require
ments. The General Staff is author
izing you to avail yourself in unlim-
tied amounts of these credits for the
destruction of the enemy's factories,
plants and the most important mill
tary and civil structures. Simultane-
ously with the instigation of strikes
it is necessary TO make provision Tor
the damaging of motors, Of mechan-
isms, with the destruction Of ves-
sells, setting incendiary fires to stocks
of raw materials and finished prod
ucts, deprivation of large towns of
their electric energy, stocks of fuel
and provisions. Special agents, de-
tailed to be at your disposal, will de-
liver to you explosive and incendiary
devices, and list Of such persons in
the country under your observation,
who will assume the duty of agents
of destruction.-Sig DR.. Fischer,
General Army Councillor.
Note.-Dated six weeks before the
rest of the world knew it was to be
warred upon, and even then making ex-
act plans for campaign of inciter
strikes and incendiary fires in the in
dustrial plants and the yet uncreatcc
plants in the United States.
New-York tribune., 1918-09-21
Document No. so

Circular, February %, '1915.-
Press Division of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs.
To all ambassadors, ministers and
consular officials in neutral coun-
tries: You arc hereby advised that in
the country to which you arc accred-
tied special Offices are established for
the organization of propaganda in
the countries of the coalition of
powers which is in a state of bcllig-
crcncy with Germany The propa-
ganda will be connected with the
stirring up of social unrest and
strikes resulting from it; Of rcvolu-
tionary outbreaks; Of separatism
among the component parts of the
state; of civil war, and will also
comprise agitation against disarma-
ment and the discrimination of the
war butchcry. You arc requested to
cooperate and to favor in every way
the managers of said offices. These
persons will present to you proper
ccrtiticates.-(S (Signed) Barthclm.
Translator's comment (as part OF
document); according to reliable
information to this category Of per-
sons belonged Prince Hohenlohc
Bjo,nson, Epeling, karsberg, Suken.
'aihou, Paruass, Farstenbc'g (Ganet-
sky, Riphe, o11d probably Kclyshho
Note.-Here is the exact German
formula for the incitement of wal
from the rear'-strikcs, efforts al
revolution, the use Of humanitarian
appeals to weaken the arm of its foes
New-York tribune., 1918-09-21
Document No. 81

Circular, November ., 1914.-From
the Imperial Bank to the representa-
tives of the Mia Banken and the
agents of the Disconto Gesellschaft
and of the Deutsche Bank: At the
present time there have been con-
cluded conversations between the au-
thorized agents of the Imperial Bank
and the Russian revolutionaries,
Messrs. Zenzinov and Lunacharsky.
Both the mentioned persons ad-
dressed themselves to several finan-
ciai men, who for their part ad
dressed themselves to our represent
atives. We are ready to support the
agitation and propaganda projected
condition that the agitation and
propaganda noted by the above men
toned Messrs. Zenzinov and Luna
charsky will touch the active armies
at the front. In case the agents of
the Imperial Bank should address
themselves to your banks we beg you
to oren them the necessary credit,
which will be covered completely as
soon as you make demand on Berlin.
-(Signed) Riser.
Addition as part Of document:
zenzinov and Lunacharsky got in
touch with Imperial Bank of Ger
many through the bankers D. Ruben
stein. Max Warburg and Parvus.
Zenzinov addressed himself to Ru-
bcnstein and Lunacharsky through
Altvater to Warburg, through whom
he found support in Parvus.
Note.-Lunacharsky is the presen'
Peoples Commssar of Education
Parvus and Warburg both figure in the
Lenine and Trotzky documents, Parvus
is at Copenhagen. Warburg is believed
TO have been lately in Petrograd
New-York tribune., 1918-09-21
Some Interesting Personalities
From Lord Acton to Uncle Remus
By Willis Fletcher Johnson

the Catholic historian. In the aims Of
political liberalism they were much at
one, nor was there hopeless chasm
dividing their churchmanship. Among
tho losers in the fight against the Ul-
tramontane decree of Papal infallibil
ity Lord Acton remained in the Church
from conviction. He deemed the Orbs
Terrarum to be not inferior to Off
cialdom, and he held to the inherent
right of Catholic to SPEAK the truth.
lie favored "a clear and complete con-
fession of all that it behooves pure
Catholicism to renounce." The spirit
ual danger Of perverted morals was. to
Acton's view, greater than the evil Of
perverted politics. at is an agency
constantly active. peryadng life, penc-
trating the soul by many channels, in
almost every sermon and in almost
every prayerbook. 1t is the ticnd skulk-
ing behind the crucifx."
Much of the attraction of this COL
lection Of letters is to be found in the
passing allusion, as when Mr.. Glad
stone remarks concerning one who had
too rapidly and completely sloughed
off the priest. al wonder whether men
in that condition pray Il great deal"
If it is Of bygone time that the
pages tell they arc yet full of meaning
for those who believe that the politics
and religion Of tomorrow are livingly
related to the politics and religion Of a
day before yesterday. d. BIG.