Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-03-03
S|MPL|F|ED LESSONS IN
PROPER CARE OF AUTOS
Expert Explains Action OF Carburetor
In Language Layman Can
Comprehend.
FUNCTIONS OF THIS DEVICE
Never Tampcr With Carburctor
Float and Float Valve Setting, as
They Arc Properly Adjusted Be-
fore Leaving the Factory.
AUTO LESSON no. 20.

Copyright 1915. By Frederick G.
Guerrlich.)
Practically all cnsincs-stcam. hot
air or Eas-nre Neat engines; that Is.
they depend upon the generation Of
heat for their power or energy. In
the steam engine the hea: Is generated
externally. under n boiler, perhaps a
great distance away from tho engine
tho heat being carried to the engine In
tho steam. The gas engine. often called
an internal co mbustion engine" has
tho heat generated inside OF the en-
CINE itself.
The hca, In both cases Is generated
by the combustion. or burning, of the
fuel. What Is combustion. or what
happens when fuel burns? A cheIni-
cal action takes place. or. in the case
OF gas. tho hydrogen which Is in II.
chemically combines with the oxygen
OF the air to make water. which Is
composed OF two parts OF hydrogen TO
one OF oxygen: and the carbon in the
gas also combines with the oxygen Of
tho air. bu. makes carbon dioxidc.
which is composed OF one part of car
bon TO two parts OF oxygen. When
such chemical action takes place.
{ heat ia generated
In the steam engine. the burning OF
the coal. also made up Of carbon and
hydrogen, is comparatively slow. but.
in the gas engine. the combustion or
generation, OF heat is instantaneous.
or there Is an explosion. An explosion
IL an instantaneous combustion.
Tho speed and method of using the
power OF the heat due To the burning
OF the fuel ia the case engine is such
that this explosion il absolutely neccr-
sary in order to use the most OF the
IT generated. II the combustion
re slow. most OF the heat would cs-
pc without giving out its energy or
wer,
From the above we see that the fuel
Efn the auto engine. Easoiine) must DC
gotten into the cylinders OF the eng ne
In such a condition as to explode the
moment II Il ignitcd. This means two
things, namely, that it must enter the
cylinders In the form of gas. or. at
most fine mist. and that il mus, bc
mixed with ihc proper quantity of
oxygen. or as the oxygen or the air
is used. proper quantity OF air. The
function of the carburetor is to accom-
plish these TWO things.
Before studying the action OF the
carburctor. let us see what the proper
ties OF gasoline. which can be utilized
In the design Of the carburetur, are:
The liquid gasoline viii; change 10
gas. IL il is brought TO a certain tenn
pcraturc. approximately 20 degrees
Fahrenheit, when, under atmospheric
pressure, Just As water changes to
steam when brought to 4 temperature
OF 2l2 degrees.
II tho steam comes In contact with
surface or air colder than 2l2 de-
ces 1t Will condenac and again form
.tcr. Likewise, IL the gasoline gas
comes in contact with a cold surface
1t will condersc and again form
liquid.
The pressure OF the air at sea level.
due TO the weight OF the miles OF air
above 1t. is ~ pounds per square inch.
This is called atmospheric pressure.
You will note that l said that. the gaso-
line VIII change TO a gas a. about 20
degrees, when under atmospheric pres
sure. 1t will change TO a gas or
raporizc at much lower temperature
II the pressure he less than atmos-
pner!c. or II there be 4 partial vacuum.
which is practically the same thing.
II IS this property of the gasoline
TO Fa2orzc At SO comparatively low
temperature. added TO the fact that
the suction Of the engine piston makes
vacuum in tho cylinder, inlet mani
fold and carburctor. so that tho Gaso-
limo VIII vaporiZc at an even lower
temperature. which is used in the de-
Sign OF the carbure:or.
Some carburctors depend entirely
upon the above action. but in most
carburetors the vaporiZin, is facilitated
by having the gasoline enter the mix
ing chamber and inlet manifold in the
form OF spray. For this purpose q
spray nozzle Is used
In the illustration the nozzle is shown