davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1918-07-18

beoenfen, oab Sic 2u5erne nibt &c.
oeiben fam, mern es in 9ooen al
Sen ibr eigeutiimlid)cn &n0Qbcnbat-
terien mangelt, Sic ibr ia crit Sic
@ermertung 0es 2uftltidltoffes err
m0gliden. @egcbr1cnfaues lit bel
Scr 2u5erneiaot allo al,b Die Snip
flung nidt gu OeraelIen.
&npblamd.
Ser @o0eu fir anoblaub iou
leibt uno marm ieil IN feudtem
uno i9merem 8o0en faulen Die
3miebeln. 9ieie 6iirfen bel Der Nus-
jaat audi MIR menig nit gr0e beoedt
peroeu. Gum Yflau5en benubt man
sic an Ser Stengellpibe ii6 biloen.
Sen iogen. 2uft5miebeln, oa &nob'
larb teinen Salneu er5eugt. @eroen
sic &noblau65miebeln in Sen 8o6en
gelegt, 10 erfolgt bier Die 8erneb-
rung 6ur6 Geilung Ser ii6 III Der
gr6e btl6en6en 3miebeln, iogen. Be-
belL 6ie 5l1r Sortpflan5ung itetS nit
einem Sell 6es @ur5elbo0e1s abge.
trennt meroen miilien. Dieie per6en
int Mpril III &eiben bon etpa neun
3on Mbltan6 gelegt, nit brei Sc.
ben ooer 3miebeln out ben SUB. Die
3miebeln iino our grnte reif, menn
oas 2aub anfangt gelb 5u peroen.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1918-07-18
st Benedict's Academy
81. Noiepb, Stearns g., Rtuu.

Cine Der beiten Mnltolten CUR ID.
aeren S0dterer3iebung i'm ga,15e1
Norotpeiten. unterridt in beatt-
ld}er, engliider uno fran5off4er
5prahe, Stenograpbie, Sppe'
,priting, Bu6fiibren, Muiif, Wu.
ZEN, aod3en unb meiblihe 9ano.
1rbeiten. ~FriDat5immer, nit al,
len mpoernen ~8equemlibfeiten
ausgeltattet, iteben Den 3ogltnee1
,1tr 8erfiigung. Wt obigem 5n,
ftitute lit cine sdule FIT @naben
mn 8 Bis t2 Sabren berb,tnben
Neqen9eGberem pe116e man fih nr
Sister Directress, o. S.B.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1918-07-18

- @abiesben ultb @l,oipteniala.
iollte aue 2 Biz 3 8oben geiait luer'
oen. gritere geOeiben ON 6eiten TN
Miltbeete.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1918-07-18
Sic Siuaung Der 3nserne.

9ie @r5ielung GROCER @engeu
eitpeiBbaltigen 2u5ernebenes fann
ongeii6ts ser unecbeuer boben Suit
termittelpreile gar ntdt bod genug
peranI6Iagt meroen. Stun aber FAM
mot BON ieiner 2u5erne (Mlfalfa)
a1f ni6t oll5urei6em 8o6en niemals
obne cine ongemeliene 9iineung Ell.
men mirfIi6 boben @rtrag ertparten.
ga, obne 6ie ridtige @ermenoun9
bon Gtou- ODER &unitoinger fam
auf ioIden 80oen ni6t einmal etn
befrieoigenoer 2u5erneitano er5ielt
meroen. SIM aQgemeinen lit Der
@toamiit sic bette Diinerng fir 2lt-
5erne. Man gibt 6apon 5ebn, 5m0lf
nnb Big 5u fiinf5ebn Sonnen pro
Mcre, lie nod Der 8eldaffenbett 6es
8obens l1n6 6em 8orrat an Diinger.
&ot man nur menig Stalmilt, 10
ioute neben 6emielben ol.b nod
&~unlt0iinger 8ermenol1ng ftnoen.
Sait ol,f alien 80oen lit Die 2u5erne
iebr oanfbar oafir, menn Die StaQ.
miltoiingllng nod ourd cine beion-
bere Bbospbatoiingung ergGn5t
miro. @aben bon 300 Big 400 Bfuno
~4cto Bbospbate" ooer Don 200 Bis
300 Bfun6 &nodenmebl baben iid
i'm oIgemeinen gut be3ablt. gu elmer
ioIden 8bospbat6iingrng fonmt
man int aQgeneinen nit feds ooer
a6t Sonnen Stallmiit oann pro
Mcre aus.
1000 Yfun0 feiugemablenen Sci.
ienpbospbates Mam 8od Bbos.
pbate) neben eiuer 5talmiitoiingung
boben gletdfals iib iebr gut ais
@rgdnoungs6ingl1ng ermieiell. Das
Selienpbospbat pirft ober erit iebr
IangIam, nno oesbalb elupfie1lt es
fih, auBeroem nod 200 8funo nNcio
8bospbate" gu eeben, Die entmcoer
5uiammen nit Dem StallniIt iii Den
8ooeu gebrodt ooer aber tief nit
Dem DiingeroriQ e~iugcoriQt mer0en,
MuBeroent lit gu beabten, baB auf
pielen 806en cine 9iinglung uber.
baupt nidts niibt, neil es an &alf
i'm 8oben mangelt. N0tigenfaQs lit
alio aud gu falfen. Gnolih lit au
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1918-07-18

Tlir Turmt 11nn 0artpn
DISQUALIFICATION onr6 Stedltnge az
nermebren.

9as @erfabren burfte fir piele
2efer intereiiant iein, fobaB ii6 cine
etpas ausfibrlide Mnleitung lpbnt,
na ouf biefe Weife bic oft munber>
19Dn bliibenben Mrten permebrt perz
ben t0nnen, bic aus @amen5uat ME
treu pieOertommen, -
@tiefmitter6enz@ tedlinge betpurz
ael1 iia lei4t unb enttpideln lid gu
frdftisen Yflansen. Die Bette gers
m~ebrungsaeit lit Der Stunt, Die Stiefz
miitter9en 1inb bann aussema4ien
uno liefern bic metiten @tedlinse, be-
ionbers {ol9e gremplare, bic eintge>
male entipibt puroen, poour3 bic
9flanaen piele Seitenz uno Wur5els
triebe bilben. Sen pflan5en, BON
benen man @tedltnge MAIDEN mill,
foil man audi Die Bitten nebmen,
bamtt lie teinen SamenaniaB mos
den tDnnen, pobur9 bic Pflan5e1
eeidpd4t peroen.
Mm lei9teften MAIDEN ounne 5r1ez
be ibre @ur5eln, >pdbreno ftarte,
idon inne,1 boil 9emoroene Sriebe
fid in Der &esel nidt mebr 5ur Bez
purselung bequemen.
Die Stedltnge neroen etma 23on
lana ee1hnitten, uno 5tpar unmtttelz
bar unter einem 8lattfnoten; bletbt
bier Elm lanseres @tengelftiid iteben,
tritt nur f@tper cine Wur5elbilbung
Elm. 8ts iie eintritt. finp bic @ted<
hinge f9attig in gef9loiiener 2uft
gu balten, tpesbalb am beiten Elm OBJ
geerntetes Mtftbeet gum @teden be-
nuBt pirb. !9ier erbdlt bic @rbe
cine etpa - 3oll bobe @an0i@t@t
unb 1T btefe perben Die @tedlinge
10 bi9t geftedt, baB tie ii@ sesenz
feitis serobe beribren. Nah benz
5teden pirb bos Sect gut our@gez
brauft, NIT ben 5enitern bebedt uno
mad 8eparf f4attig gebalten. 9oz
init bic @tedlinge ni@t pelten, be-
1pribt man lie Dfters am Sage; pelt
gemDrbene Stedltnge bepur3eln 1tn
fat ME mebr. Na@ Der 8etpuraez
lung sepDbnt man bic @tedlin9sz
pflonsen mad unb na@ an bic frii4e
SUIT.
WiGl mon rur tpenige Stedlinge
madden, benubt man bo3u &Gften
ODER tiefe @@alen, bic f9attig int
@arten oufgeftellt tperDen uno cine
8ebedung bur6 cine @lasf9etbe erz
bolten, fonft ober pte bic @tedlinge
i'm Mt1tbeete bebanbelt tperben.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1918-07-18
Sin 1tebelitanb ppn &onfretb0bcn,
n &ubnern.

@elbfperitdnbli4 bat au@ &onz
fret ooer 8eton, bas p%ielgeprieiene
moberne 8aumoterial, ni6t lauter
@oraige obne trgen0pel@e Na@teile
auf3uneiien. @9on man@e baben
bariiber getlagt, boB Sberfld@en BON
8eton, beionbers 5ubbDben, lei6t
&tife betdmen.
9arar 1T, pie elm Sa9manr erz
tldrt, bauptfd@li4 Teu@tigtett in
Der umgebenben Mtmoipbdre i@ulb.
&ontret ntmmt bteie 5eu@ttgteit germ
auf, unb in ben parr1en Monaten
bat bieiel6e tpeiter feline f@dblihen
Wirtungen, = i'm Minter iebo9
famelt fie 1i@ in ben poren bes &onz
frets an unb gefriert. 8etanntli9
tebnt lid bas @affer betm Sc
frteren aus, unb bur@ ben Druid
auf bic umgebenbe Maiie entiteben
&iBen, 3unq@f muir tleine. 9ieie
fillen it@ nit Teu@ttgteit erft re@t,
unb bic @o9e nirb INNER i9ltm<
mer. 9ur9 biefes @plittern unb
Mufipringen leibet bic Moffe in If
rem Musfeben unb audi in t6rer
StGrfe.
Mm beften tam biefe 3erft0renbe
3dtigteit berbitet merben, tpenr1 man
bic &ontretz6ld9e nit elmer erittlai<
figen 8obenz Nnftrt@farbe berfletbet.
9tefe bemabrt bic Sertur bes @tei=
mes uno perbtnbert bon pornepeg,
bab 5eu@tt9tett in bic Sberfld9e
einbrtn9t. Menn neue Rpntret=8Dz
ben 5meimol nit FOLDER SCRIBE iiberz
itri4en perben unb bann %pieberum
in 3ettabftdnoen bon feds Monaten,
10 fann man fi@er fem, baB bic
Sberfld6e oes 8etons niemols Nar>
BEN pber &ifie betommt, 10 menig
mie Elm gutter 9ol3 z5uBboben, Der
s0sntolls 2sitr'@en 1T.
9altct ben &nltipntpr int @anqe.
Hei6li6er &egen in @erbinbunq
NIT 5o5en Semperaturen fDrbert bos
&orntpa4stum. unsliidlt9er Meif.
aber 1T otefes Wetter e5en1o ginitig
fir bag untraut mie fir bas &prn
unc leBteres pirb u6erpu@ert, ipenn
ni9t fri95eittg unb bduftg tulttpiert
pirb. Sebt 1T bic bette 3eit bas I'M
fral1t aus3uroben un6 boS &orn gu
5teber.
yeriu@e, in Der Dbio Mderbauz
Decentralization 5eigen, baB fet@tes
&ulttpieren eben 10 mirt1om lit mie
ttefes. 9ur6 aultioisren tiefer ols
Elm .oDer 5msi 3oa miro ni9ts gez
tponnsn. llnfrout mirb our9 i;i4tes
&l1ltieDiercn mirfiolu 5erltort ,ln6
8erleBung Der &ornlpur5eln oaourG
permieben.
Die &nltipierung fonte 10 eben pie
m0glt@ fem, bas SurAen Der @rb,
erb06t ben 8erluit an Geu9tigteit
uno oerminOert ben @rnteertrag.
Der Nordstern. [volume] (St. Cloud, Minn.) 1874-1931, 1918-07-18
9trnbanm.

Ser 8irnbaum beoarf OUR Gr5el1-
ql,1,g unb redten Nusbiloung ieiner
Sriid,te einen tie%fgriin0tgen, onrh,
Ioiie1oen frl1dtboren uno nit GENT.
eenoer Teltdtigfeit onrdIebten So
bel1, belien <ltnrtiefe menigltens
brei SUB betragen ion. Cine iiiolihe
unb iitomeItlide Sage iagt Dem
Baum ant meiiten gu. l1nfrudtbor.
felt bat in Sen meitalts meilten Sal
len feline ltria6e in ungeeigneter
@ortenmabL Sic fir oas &lima nidt
poBt ODER in p%erfebrter @tlan5ung
ober unridtteer &flege, o0er nnge<
eigneter l1nterlage. Sc ldBt ii6 oage-
gen abiolut ntdts iiheres al1sri9ten
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04

tie placards that say perfectly, adequately,
Please"
And this is the kind of publicity the girls
give to their drills:
We have all seen the result of military
drill on the boys who have been in train
ing only a short time, and we believe it
Will make US stronger and fit US to do our
work better than ever before.
Are you weary when your days work is
over? YOU NEED EXERCISE. We all
need it to keep Us physically fit and to pre-
pare US for the work that is ahead of us
next winter.
Let's make this such big military af-
fair for girls that when Detroit has her
next parade we will startle the city by our
drilling
Who says women can't salute? Who
says women can't parade as we'll as men?
Go to it-let'S show them
That is the spirit that is making American
women grasp their present opportunity so firm
ly and do their work so we'll
1t seems incredible in such a prosper
Gus town. counted seventy-three automobiles
parked in the wide street under nv window
last nlght-that the morale of women workers
can ever need the attention that it gets in
France and England But the problem is the
same
1t is up to American women to keep things
up to as near 100 per cent output as possible
and keep the girls on their Jobs and hapuv.
The girl VINO IS too tired to 90 anywhere and
the girl who keeps her production down so that
she won't be cut again both Of them our
problem
Go To It-Let's Show Them.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04
Women to Consider
Problems Of Men

Miss Van kleeck sits with the War Policies
Board not only when questions of special in
terest to women are considered but at all
other times as well. Her appointment means
that any industrial question affecting men as
we'll as women will have equal consideration
by women. 1t is the first time that any woman
has held such position. 1t means that wom-
an has been given a voice in shaping the labor
policy of the country.
Besides Miss Van Klceck and Miss Ander-
son the woman's division is entitled to five
specialists. The division will work through
existing agencies such the training and
dilution section [dilution is the term used for
the gradual seeping and trucking of women
into mems industrial jobs, as opposed to sud
den and wholesale substitution. Training is
often necessary to fit the women to take places
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04
Show Emu" Say Detroit Munition Workers

ago. The rate then was So hundred When
many of the men got to making $21 day the
rate cut in two. The men quit and girls
put in. Even at that expert girls can
make $40 day now, doing an hours less work
than the men,
But added the worker, ''these expert girls
are limiting themselves to SO day now. They
are afraid of being cut again"
Here is chance for some patriotic talk to
the employer or the workers-choose your own
point Of view.
Of course, every and then the labor
market in Detroit is flooded with girls who
have heard of the high pay, and for a time
there is oversuppy of labor for the fac
tories. Household and other Jobs are then filled
from this oversupply until a new contract
in some factory again takes every girl in
sight
The timekeeper inspector and foreman all
get bonus based on the amount Of work done
by the girls under them
Il had some trouble with my pay check the
first week. said this girl, land complained
about it to my foreman, He said, oh, it will
be all right, guess. but you can't expect to get
it surely. There was one bonus coming to me
week'-he said this very casually-'that
never did get
"How much was it," I asked him. Forty
Jol1o w. i
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04

cordingy the girls are let out at 4:30 to give
them chance at a seat in the cars. Here is
a suggestion to New York employers.
The value of real recreation to a very
tired girl is something that does not seem to
have hit some employers yet, in the big new
plants particularly. But in the older places
good work has been done for years, by private
management and by the Y. W. C. A. You read
in the papers of Saturday and Sunday excur-
sons to Belle Isle and other places on the
river. Groups of girls, two and three hundred
strong, drill under regular army officers from
Fort Wayne, in the long daylight hours from
$50 till o'clock or so.
There are, to take just one short schedule of
the Y. W. c. A. federated clubs, launch rides
car rides, moonlight rides, with dancing and
programmes by the Y. W. C. A. Glee Club,
hayrack rides, corn roasts, hikes and campfire
suppers, all-day Sunday picnics and parties &C
pretty new Y. W. c. A. annex opposite the
Y. NJ. c. A. To these entertainments soldiers
and sailors (also friends not in uniformly are
invited
Detroit is full of good advertising. The tee-
phone in the hotel has pad for complaints:
while you waiting for number, with pen
Gil in hand, you can write down what you think
Of the service. The parks have no gaspipe
fences or Keep Off the Grass signs; just lit
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04

that women can accomplish, and should &C
compish, with the fullest effectiveness.
The method Of procedure is to obtain sigma
lures to the petition designating woman
candidate Of or d per cent Of the enrolled
voters Of the election district. The petition
form was printed on this page of The Tribune
Sunday, July p, and may be obtained from
the Woman Suffrage party at 3 East Thirty
eighth Street.
When the signatures have been obtained and
witnessed before notary they must be mailed
to the Board of Elections in the Municipal
Building by August g.
In the Republican party believe there is
in the Democratic party there is one for every
fifteen or twenty. Few care to take the
trouble to nominate for these positions by peti-
ton, so that when the last day comes for filing
the nominating petitions there always a
number of vacancies which are later filled by
appointment.
This, Of course, means that such members
Of the county committees are not really repre-
scntatives of the voters. 1t means also that
women who will become committeeman have an
excellent chance Of being elected.
These the political jobs of in
telligence ought to fill. The bigger opportun-
ties which are thrown our way are likely to be
either sops to our vanity or bats to the voter.
To seek them is to court failure or to put on
the shackes of gratitude.
KATRINA ELY TIFFANY.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04

for materials is the same, but the price paid
for labor differs. The firm that pays living
wage is thus put at disadvantage competing
with the firm that does not. For example, in
the boot and shoe workers organizations the
union factories pay higher wages than do non
union factories, but pay just as much for
their materials-which obviously increases the
cost of production and diminshes profits And
not only is the employer in union factory
thus put to disadvantage but also the en-
ploye in the non-union factory, who must HIM
self pay the same price for maintaining life
3ut of smaller purse
This, where women are employed concerns
the woman's division of the Labor Bureau be-
cause it concerns the health and welfare of
women-which is the health and welfare of
the nation.
1t is essential for the government to tackle
this question sooner or later in order to get
full production to help win the war
The woman's division will stand on govern
ment policies for collective bargaining. The
government cannot deal with people unless
they are organized. Women as a rule have
been loosely organized in the past But wom-
ems unions are going to be strengthened and
increased In some instances this has hap
pened already, for example among the ma
chinists, who have recruited many new women
workers.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04

Ed'tor's Note-Irs. Tiffany, delegate from,
"tsSc~ County, 2Vas asked 10 be permanent
eo"'n1n OF the unofficial Democratic con-
"e1t'on at Saratoga She refused, saying that
S". did not wlsh complimentary appointment
~iach o5rtously bod been offered because of
he sea-
Women should go into politics with the spirit
VI pubic service. Few politicians seem to have
,o@ed at it IN that light, yet it is the only
Ast IN which | can see it,
ne political parties are now laboring un-
ue 'he delusion that the thing to do is put
10 In the llmelight in celebration of our en-
Misunderstanding it is mistake. We ought
~ " be put IN at the top; should
eohe IN ION the ground floor" and work our
wy up.
'iYing an important political job to wom-
q. d. TINS time is in most cases like buying a
~ IN a poke. No one knows whether she
"a De efficient or not, because 80 far no
"snan has been tried out in this kind Of
VIZ. And it is fallacy to suppose that she
"1 serve az vote catcher, because only
'sy Few women are known throughout the
sete, and women will not necessarily vote for
"ne one they never heard Of Just because che
va woman.
is time now, until August 6, to put in
'sgnating petitions for candidates for county
"hmttses. That is where women should
we. 1t is no more overwhelming task
nm being a member Of hospital board and
"snding its meetings. Moreover, it is task
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04

Associated with her is Miss Mary Anderson
Miss Anderson is a lf-made man She
worked for eighteen years in a shoe factory in
lineage, then became a member of the Boot
and Shoe Workers General Executive Board,
and later still organizer for the National
Womens Trade Union League Miss Ander-
son knows her business from the inside out,
and these are some of the issues that she
thinks ought to concern the woman's division
Ct the Department of Labor;
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04
By ELIZABETH PORTER WYCKOFF

Detroit Mlch., Special Correspondence
COMEBODY estimated the number of girls
employed in Detroit factories before the
war at $4,000.
NOW there are so many going into munitions
and war manufacturing nobody knows how
many there are One factory had three hun
dred girls in April Now it has two thousand
on Its payroll The total in many factories is
probably increased in like proportions.
Wages are enormously high for women I
talked with one girl who has been doing weld
ing OF shells for several months and makes
80 day She works with an oxy-acetylene
torch and wears big goggles, for the light of
the flame is terribly bright.
Aren't you nervous working all day with
that fame?' I asked her.
"Oh, no, not after got used to it. It's nice
work" she said.
She has helper who sits opposite her and
hSes the shells as they come to her so that TIE
edges are evenly together and ready to weld.
Inc girls get day rate of So cents an hour
II because Of accidents to the apparatus, etc,
me piece rate totals an amount under the day
rate they get the day rate, anyhow The piece
rate IS S1.75 a hundred. Three hundred and
eighty shells mean IS day, which the girls
seem to earn very easily. The helper gets Is
per cent of the welders pay.
Men were employed on this work not long
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04
Real Industrial CITIZENSHIP

Replacement of Men by Women
When it is necessary to employ women on
work hitherto done by men, care should bv
taken to make sure that the task is adapted to
their strength. The standards of wages pre-
valllng for men in the process should not be
lowered where women render equivalent SER
vice.
Tenement House Work
No work shall be given out to be done in
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04

Girls in this plant work in the paint shop
doing what Detroit calls ''camoufooging I
saw acres of yellow, brown and black spot
ted ammunition carriers that they finish in this
way. The average wage is s. day. They
also work on drill presses, inspecting, welding
and riveting. The riveting is hard noisy and
dirty. but very profitable
In few cases men have taught their Jobs on
special machines to individual girls who tooS
over the machines when the men went to war
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04

high wages small things like poor lunchroom
accommodations do not worry them much.
The girls wear overalls at their work. They
work nine hours, but one hour is counted over
time and pays time and a half The men work
in ten hour shifts.
One significant concession is made to the
girls. Detroit is very much spread out and
any factory you pick out is miles from every
where else. The street car company is appar-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04

that are slowly vacated by the menl, the en-
ployment section, the education and Informal
ton sections and the section on investigation.
Women in the past have only been taken
of they have made themselves felt
Because of the war woman labor has increased
from about eight million in productive indus
try in 1910 to, roughly speaking, eleven million
to-day.
The poor working girl" eleven million
strong, has found somebody to look out for her
1t is the woman's division of the Department
of LABOR.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04

rooms used for living purposes or in rooms
directly connected with living rooms.
Personnel Of
The Division
Miss Van kleeck is a graduate of Smith
College, and has been director of the Division
of Industrial Studies at the Russell Sage
Foundation and chief of the women's branch
of the Ordnance Department.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-08-04

Hours and wages ought to be stipulated in
government contracts. Women's trade unions
ought to be strengthened. For equal work
women should receive equal pay.
To-day the government specifies the cost of
material in its contracts, but wages and hours
are not specified They ought to be, for spec-
fications on labor would do a great deal to in
crease production by stilling unrest. The price
that the manufacturer and his competitor pay