The Yale expositor., 1918-09-19

sands, and not inconceivably by hun
dreds of thousands before the Hun
is beaten.
Provide Something Better.
Our ordnance department has been
working since we entered the war TO
send American soldiers to France with
a complete kit of tools representative
of American inventive ability. First
sizing up the job of cracking the Hun
out of trench, shell box. and subter-
ranean tunnel, and ascertainng what
the allies have found useful in the way
of saw, hammer and Ratchet, the ord
nance department has worked TO pro-
vide something a little better In every
case, from poison gas and gas masks to
machine guns and high-explosive shrap-
mel.
The light Browning, also known as
the automatic rife" requires no cool
ing apparatus. because I'm its tactical
use in battle as tool ii will be called
upon only for what are known as
bursts of firing" 1t is a remarkable
new tool, better than anything of its
particular type yet developed, and diff
ferent from every other weapon in the
world. It's nearest prototype is the
French Chauchat automatic rifle, which
has proved extremely effective.
At the present stage of tactics the
Browning automatic rifle will be SUI
perior tool for perhaps three definite
jobs In trench warfare. First, being
as portable as the ordinary army rifle,
ii can be quickly brought into action
along every part Of a trench by de-
tenders to stop the advance of an
enemy. With the heavier types of ma
chine gun fired from tripod and re-
curing considerable time for getting
placement, such resistance of invaders
in a pinch might prove difficult. With
the new Browning firing 20 shots auto
matically In less than three seconds, or
20 shots enthusiastically as fast as
one desires to pull the trigger, loading
with n fresh magazine each 20 shots
in couple Of seconds, an entire trench
front can be protected with outbursts
of machine-gun fire, which will not
have to be continued long to do the
wOrk-not long enough for heating of
the gun to become problem.
Sweeps the Trenches.
The third job for this characteristic
Yankee notion comes when our fellows
have reached the enemy trenches. At
that moment, ever though but few
arrive, the Browning automatic rifle
is expected TO replace the bayonet and
bomb under certain conditions, and
multiply the effectiveness of each sol
der who gets across No Mans Land,
for the rapidity and accuracy of the
Browning fire Is such that it will be
only a matter of seconds to sweep an
enemy trench in both directions.
There are other tactical uses for the
weapon. AS few as dozen of these
automatic rifles are sufficient to lay
down a temporary barrage at right
angles to a trench front, and even two
of them quickly placed at opposite
ends of a trench front can establish
cross fire as effective as barrage un-
der some circumstances. For with
each gun firing along one leg of let
ter V meeting and passing somewhere
out In No Mans Land, the chances of
an enemy getting through this V will
be very slim-this will be defense
equivalent to frontless rifle fire from
dozens of individual soldiers, and can
be established with the minimum of
exposure.
These are the tactical points of the
new weapon, and one has only to con-
slider IL from this viewpoint to under
stand that technical questions such as
have been raised by laymen during
recent discussions of the merits of one
machine gun as against another do not
touch the heart of the military prob
lem-both the design of this gun and
its use as q tooi in battle are palpably
matters to be left to military men.
Another interesting viewpoint on
both the light and heavy types of
Browning guns can be gained by brief
ly considering the general development
of machine guns as fighting tools.
From the days of sings and stones
and arrows fighting man has sought
ways of delivering enough missiles in
to the ranks of an advancing foe to
stop him. With gunpowder and port
able guns the number of missiles in
creased, and also their deadliness. The
matchbox fred clumslly from tri-
pod was replaced by smooth-bore muz-
zle-loading guns, and then muzzle-load-
ing rifles, breech-loading rifles capable
of firing shots slngly, and finally the
repeating rifle, with capacity of five
or six shots in rapid succession. Then
came shrapnel, delivering a spray of
bullets over considerable range, and
also the first machine guns equipped
to fire hundreds of shots in rapid sue
cession, but at first so heavy and
clumsy that they could not be moved
much more quickly than artillery.
Fired From Shoulder and Hip.
These first machine guns are known
as the heavy types and were presently
reduced in weight and developed in
mobility, becoming what are known as
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