davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1918-01-10

Frederick was favorably impressed
with the suggestion He ordered thal
the nobility mortgage their property
so the financial stringency might b.
relieved. Whether of a borrowing TURF
or not, the owners of great landed
estates were compelled to organize an
association which they called the
Landschaft Gland society, in Silesia
in ITO. 1t was a cooperative organi
zation, the individual members guar
anteeing the obligations of the body,
and mortgages made the security fol
debenture bonds. The experiment was
a great success. Other states Of what
is now the German empire followed
the lead of Prussia. Thus was started
the famous Landschaften of Germany.
Applied at first to only the property Of
the nobility, the idea was made avail
able. later, to the peasants.
Today, the Landschaften in improv.
ed and modified form are the basis of
similar societies in almost every civil
liked country on the globe. In France,
the Credit Foncier and it's subsidiaries
enjoy practically a monopoly in land
financing. Russia, Italy, Roumania.
Austria-Hungary, Ireland, Japan, Can
ada, Egypt and other countries have
similar societies. These societies not
only finance the agriculturist, but
also city buildings, and even Irrigation
projects.
An important feature which was
added to the plan shortly after its in
auguration was amortization of the
principal. This means ito kill off," and
provides for the payment each year of
an amount which is used to reduce the
loan. The size of this payment de-
ponds upon the length of the mortgage,
for it is intended eventually to extin-
guish the debt. The interest rate is
quite low, and the borrowers principal
and interest payments usually will not
aggregate more than the usual interest
rate alone in this country.
Notwithstanding their moderate re-
turn, the bonds are very popular with
investors in Europe, and billions of dol
lars in them are outstanding at the
present time. Foreclosures are al
most negligible. So safe is this form
of investment that in critical times the
land credit has been more stable than
that of the state. In 1SOS-1S09 Prussia
called upon the East Prussian Land
schaften to raise part of its military
funds by an issue of mortgages ON its
forests and domain.
And here is a peculiar fact: While
the rest of the world has long ago dis
carded the straight mortgage as being
obsolete and cumbersome, the United
States began to realize the advantage
of mortgage bond issues only about 20
years ago.
In a subsequent article 1 shall de-
scribe the introduction of mortgage
bonds in America.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1918-01-10

mating the term "bank." 1t is sup
posed to be derived from "banco,"
meaning bench. The Lombards in Italy
exchanged money and bills in the mar
ket place over bench. When a bank
err failed the bench was destroyed by
the people and he was called bank
rupt." Some authorities claim this de-
rivation of bank is wrong. 1t is stated
by them that "banco' is a heap or
mound and that the resemblance it
bore to a common fund formed by the
contributions of many persons led to
the term bank.
Which of these is the true derivation
does not matter. The word bank un-
doubtedly comes to US from Venice, at
one time the center of the worlds
financial activities.
The same Lombards later settled in
London and led to the naming of Lom-
bard street. Subsequently they gave
way to the goldsmiths, who finally de-
veloped into the modern English bank.
At first the goldsmiths, owing to
their superior facilities for safekeep-
ing, were intrusted with gold and 9TH
err valuables by the people, for a fee.
The receipts the goldsmiths gave
acknowledging delivery of the gold, es-
pecially in the case of well-known and
responsible goldsmiths, began to be
traded.
An idea occurred to the goldsmiths
that the money in their vaults could
be loaned out. They reasoned that if
they were allowed to do this depositors
might not only be relieved of the fee
they paid, but be paid interest. OF
course, the goldsmiths did not loan all
of the gold in their possession A GER
tain amount only of it was used. Sup
pose a safe proportion of deposits to
loans is % per cent; the goldsmith, for
every IS 900 in his Golfers, could issue
$4,000 in notes Gas the receipts be-
came known). AS long as there was q
continual inflow as well as outflow of
gold, all demands for return of depos-
its were easily met. Besides, the Sc
curity required of borrowers made the
bank" perfectly solvent. AS will read
lily be seen, the procedure was essen
TALLY the same as in modern banking
This practice was kept up until 1871.
when checkbooks came into use. They
were substituted for the notes which
the goldsmiths used. Thus, when a
borrower desired a loan and furnished
the proper security, he would be given
4 checkbook and authorized to issue
checks to the amount of his loan.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1918-01-10
Some Camp Songs.

COLLECTED by Kenneth g. Clark.
Commission ON Training Camp
Activities-1
~kaiser BILL"
Tune: ION the Beach at Waikiki"
Kaiser Bill, oh, we are coming.
With our Army over sea-
And you forgot our motto,
Which II, do not tread on me-"
It's q job we never started.
But wen finish Germany;
And wen hang you, Kaiser VIII
Ham,
On the highest linden tree.
~Good-by, BILL"
Tune: '-Good-by Girls. I'm Through"
Good-by. BIN. you're through.
You'd better start to fret
Wen tie . can to you.
without the least regret.
Our Armys mobilixing. It sure
looks terrorixing.
We win keep this aim In view:
Wen get you, wen get you,
Good-by. BIN, you're through
"Hot Time"
Here we are. and we're on for Ber-
lin town.
Wen turn BIN and his army up
side DOWN
And when the Allies make tho Kali
ser shed his crown,
Thereu be . hot time In the old !.
town mat night. Oh. babys
- =
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1918-01-10

Gettersby-What happened to Small
lert? He's all battered up and is COW
cred with bandages-
Bettersby-No; he tumbled to his
faults.
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1918-01-10
One Barrier.

when you marry my daughter, how
are you going to support herr"
'I expect to work, SIR
'Well, you needn't expect to work
me-"
Western Kansas world. [volume] (WaKeeney, Kan.) 1885-current, 1918-01-10

= do you believe In the survival OF
the f1ttest7 r.
YES" replied Senator Sorghum Il
have been reelected term after tern
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-01-07
BEN McLAIN SHOOTS
DALLAS TILLIS

In so much as Ben McLain and
Dallas Tillis are two Of Thea most law
abiding citizens of Polk County, and
further that they have always been
recognized as very warm friends, the
news of the former shooting the lat.
ter Wednesday caused no little excit.
ment. 1t was at first difficult to get
particulars, more than that Mr.. Tillis
was not badly hurt. One or two
shot hit him in the face, one in his
right hand and another in the ear. He
is all right now and Mr.. McLain
seems to regret the trouble more than
does Mr.. Tillis This article sounds
better when we explain that these
gentlemen were out Shooting birds
and when Mr. McLain fired at a dove
on the wing he did not see Mr.. Tillis
who was on the ground It is said
that Mr.. Tillis, after being shot called
to Mr. McLain and said: Look out
Ben be little more careful how you
shoot amt no dove. Barlow Rec
ord
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-01-07
SOLDIERS OF ONE ARMY

Are not all true men that live, OF
that ever lived, soldiers Of the same
army, enlisted under heavens cap
taincy, to do battle against the same
enemy, the empire of darkness and
wrong? Why should we misknow one
another, fight not against the enemy
but against ourselves, from mere diff
ference of uniform? All uniforms
shall be good, so they hold in them
true, valiant men. Carlyle.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-01-07
state Auto Association To
Meet In Orlando February 4

Orlando, Jan. THE annual meet
ing of the Florida State Automobile
Association will be held In Orlando,
Florida, on Monday, February 4, 1918,
at 10 a. m. All affiliated motor clubs
of Florida will send delegates to this
meeting Annual reports will be
made by the various clubs and by the
officers of the Florida State Automo-
bile Association.
Officers and directors are to be
elected for the ensuing year. Amend.
ed bylaws are to be submitted for
adoption. Plans for greatly enlarg-
ing the scope and activities of the
Florida State Automobile Association
during 1918 are to be authorized. A
plan for sign-boarding the entire main
highway system of Florida is to be
discussed and acted upon. A plan to
have each motor club in the state CO.
operate in publishing a booklet show
ing 300 pictures of Florida's good
roads is to be outlined and acted up
on.
On the same date at p. m. there
will be banquet and open meeting
to all members of all motor clubs af-
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-01-07
NO SHORTAGE IN UNI
FORMS, SHOES OR OvERC0ATS
PREVAILS AT CAMP JOHNSON


Of uniforms, or shoes or clothing for
the men at Camp Johnstod is now
being experienced, according to
Lieutenant Colodel Munson, COM
manding officer
Ccloel Munson stated today that
every soldier at the camp was get
ting his full allowance in this re-
spect and in consequence there was
n, suffering here such as has oc-
Cured elsewhere and which, accord
ing to reports of investigation made
through Washington. has been re-
spodsible for the pneumonia prevail.
ent at many Of the other canton
ments throughout the country
Colonel Munson explained that
only those just arrived at the camp
were without uniforms land over
coats. He said that time necessar-
lily was required to take large is
sues, such as occurs when large de-
tachments of troops ashave been ar
irving daily at the camp, call upon
the camp quartermaster for their
equipment, but that none was al
lowed to suffer.
Some little difficulty, however, It
| is understood, has been encountered
here as elsewhere in obtaining the
proper fit in shoes, the men here
being larger thad the average To
overcome tbs Colonel Munson has
just issued general order to the
commanding officer Of the various
companies instructidg them to ex.
ercise great care in submitting
acquisitions for clothing and to see
that the sizes stated are those actu-
ally required.
After rlothing has been drawn the
Organization commander is to ascer.
tain what articles do not fit and
then make exchange among the
men wherever possible. After every
effort has been made to use I'D mis-,
TT articles then the balance is to
be returned to the camp quarter
master but not before. Accompany
ing this is to be furnished a list
showing what sizes are required in
exchange to properly fit the men
who cannot be fitted with clothing
originally drawn. Unserviceable
shoes are turned into the clothing
branch for repair at l o'clock each
afternoon.
Major Ware, who is the camp
quartermaster and has charge of the
issuing of all clothing, is making a
particular study of the needs Of the
men and has been particularly for.
tanate in drawing sizes that are ac,
tually needed. The matter involves
hucn ngurlng. IL has been discov
erred for instadce that sizes in the
matter OF clothing and shoes which
applied to the old army is entirely
at fault when applied to the new
army recruited since the advent Of
war.
AS the result of the fact that Col.
onel hudson and his staff have been
alive to the new conditions and have
been successful in obtaining the
(deeded articles in advance of thu
time needed through their foresight
much suffering is believed to have
been eliminated.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-01-07
FITTING ARTIFICIAL LEGS

In order that one who has lost a
leg may select the type of artificial
limb best suited to him, French in.
ventor has perfected an apparatus
which accurately records the move
ments of the feet Of artificial legs
while the wearer is walking.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-01-07
CHEERFUlNESS

"Cheerfulness is small virtue, 1t
is true, but it sheds such a brightness
around US in this life that neither the
dark clouds nor the rain can dispel
its happy influence e. V. B. Alex.
ander
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-01-07
REMOVING INSECTS FROM EAR

Insects that have crawled into the
baby's ear may be suffocated by drop
ping sweet oil or castor oil into the
ear, which after 20 minutes should be
washed out by gentle Swinging with
warm water from fountain syringe,
hung one foot above the child's head
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-01-07

Charges have been filed against Ger.
tain members of the Okaloosa board
OF county commissioners, but no ac-
ton has yet been taken because of
the governors absence from the cap.
ital.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-01-07
PLEASURE COMES
UNEXPECTEDLY

Pleasure is very seldom found
where it is sought. Our brightest
blazes of gladness are commonly kin
died by unexpected sparks.-Johnson.
The Lakeland evening telegram. (Lakeland, Fla.) 1911-1922, 1918-01-07

, filiated with the State Association
Good speakers and boosters will en-
liven the event. A full report of road
building operations in Florida will be
made by Representative of the Flor.
ida state road department. Hon. M
M. Smith, president Of the Florida
State Automobile Association, will
make his annual report. The secre.
tary, Mr.. G. E. Hill, will also make a
report, and likewise the secretary of
each motor club.
During the afternoon of the same
day, the visiting members will be tax.
en- over the road system of Orange
county in automobiles furnished by
the Orlando Motor Club.
This will be the biggest good roads
boosting event in the history of Flor
ida, because representatives from all
parts of the state will participate.
I'VE will get together and let each
other know what we have in Florida
for the tourist to see and we will
start a cooperative plan to induce the
tourist to see what we have" said
Secretary Hill yesterday.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-06
MEREDITH ROBERTS
 NOT PRISONER OF WAR
Mother of Birmingham Man Confi- dent That Her Son Is Not in
 German Prison

The name of Lieut.. Arthur NJ. Rob- erts, giving his home as Birmingham, again appears as a prisoner of war somewhere in Germany, but relatives of Lieut.. Meredith NJ Roberts of this city feel confident that he has not been captured.
 Mrs. David Roberts, mother of Lieut.. Meredith Roberts of Birmingham, stated that she has had two letters and cable from her son sinee It was first reported he had been captured, and that he did not say where he was, or where he was going. Mrs. Roberts declared she felt sure that he was safe and not Ger man prisoner.
 The report seems to have been made through a mistake in confusing the name of Lieut. A. M Roberts of 121i Thirty-sixth avenue. Gulfport. Miss, who has been reported as German prisoner of war, with Lieutenant Rob- erts of Birmingham
 Lieut.. Meredith Roberts is one of the best known and most popular young men in Birmingham and prior to his entering the flying branch of the avia- tion corps was assistant manager of one of the local furnaces.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-06
COMMITTEE MAKES PLANS FOR LABOR
 EFFICIENCY RALLY

Committees having in charge the labor efficiency rally, to be held in Birming- ham next Thursday. lunclfed at the Tut wiler at o'clock yesterday and forward- ed to a considerable extent their arrange ments for this event. A NJ Shook was transferred from the reception committee to that on programme and invitation and the latter committee was increased by adding Henry Dean as vice chairman, and Charles L. Harold. chairman of the Civic association.
 It was decided that only those engaged in essential war industries will partici- pate in the Alabama home products dinner on the evening of September F, which will be given by employers in honor of labor.
 A telegram was received yesterday from Senator BanlShead's secretary stating that Director General John D. Densmore of the United States employment service, who is expected here for the rally is ab- sent from Washington, but will return tomorrow, when steps will be taken to secure his acceptance of the invitation to attend as the personal representative of President Wilson.
 Rev. J. c. Olden, Mississippi director of negro economies, who is to lead the chorus composed of all the colored choirs tomorrow night. Arrangements have been made for him to meet all these choirs at 6 o'clock Sunday evening at the Sixth Avenue Baptist church, colored, when he will give them their first joint prac- tice. They will also probably sing later in the evening at the patriotic rally which is to be held at this church.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-06
CAR FARE RAISE
 CASE IS DEFERRED
President of Montgomery Traction Go. Informed of
 Violation of State Laws

Montgomery, September By agree ment of counsel for the Montgomery Traction company petitioning the Ala bama public service commission for an increase in car fares in Montgomery, the case was deferred until September 16. This action was not taken, how ever, until the president Richard Tillis of the traction company had been cited to the fact that he had violated state laws by not filing reports for 1917 and 1918 with the public service commission and was thereby subject to heavy pen alties.
 John H. Wallace. state game and fish commissioner, testifying in the case to- day, stated despite the government warning against profiteering the trac- tion company sought to increase it's rate 40 per cent, when the operating report for 1917 showed a gross profit of $110,000.
 Counsel for the company gave notice of ignorance of the law respecting the hling of reports of business with the commission, and announced they would be forthcoming at once.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-06
'.Pershing's Crusaders"
 Packs TrianOn Theatre
Intense Interest in Film Which Depicts United States Govern
 ment Action

s.Pershing's Crusaders is packing the Trianon theatre at all performances and Birmingham is storming the theatre to Lsee what the United States government has done since entering the war. This big production will be at the Trianon all this week.
 The first German prisoners taken by American troops in France are on exhibi- tion at the Trianon. At best they are not a handsome group, these Huns who fell into the hands Of Pershing's men after I brief call by the Sammies on a Roche trench.
 There are a score or more of them, including two officers who reluctantly gave the camera man glimpse of their Prussian profiles after a polite request that the American people would like to see something besides their highly i'm dignant backs. One of them is trying to look as much like the crown prince as possible.
 This scene is only one of many in "Pershing's Crusaders"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-06
LOCAL RECRUITING
 OFFICE TOBE CLOSED
Navy and Marine Corps to Maintain Offices Here and
 Resume Activities

Preparations are being made by Capt James B. Hutchinson to close the local army recruiting station and the rec ords will be shipped to Washington Captain Hutchinson does not kno" where he will be sent, but it is prob able he will remain in Birmingham.
 All recruiting stations in the unlted States are to be closed to voluntary enlistment with the exception ot few special classes fo. older men IEe order does not affect the navy or the marines and they will not close.
 Captain Hutchinson felt there was no need to keep the local office open to enlist men between the ages of 46 and 56 and the adjutant general accepted his suggestion in this matter and o. dered the station closed.
 Lieut.. J. E. Meredith of the Birming- ham navy recruiting station stated his station would not be closed. but the latter part of the month will open an active campaign for recruits Post CTS telling of special Inducements of fered skilled men have already been distributed all over the city and Lieu tenant Meredith cTpects splendid re- suits from the c@lIpaign. The exact date of resumption of activities by the navy recruiting station will be an- nounced from Washington.
 Sergt. T. J. Brooks of the local ma rine station is awaiting orders from Washington to begin it's activities.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-06
CALLED MEETING OF WOMAN'S COMMITTEE
 OF LOAN CAMPAIGN.
County Chairmen Are Making Plans for the Fourth Liberty <.
 Loan Drive

Mrs II. H. Shell, county chairman of the womans fourth Liberty Loan cimnittee. has called a meeting of her committee Cor this afternoon at o'clock at headquarters, 105 Twentieth street, north. at which time matters pertaining to ths will be discussed, and an ap- peal made to the women of JenerSon county to attend the state conferencs in this city on September Is.
 Mrs. F. c. Koenig, Shelby county chairman, reports that the county is be- ing rapidly organized. and asks that lit- erature be sent to her at once so the women of that county may inform them selves and be ready for the campaign when it opens.
 The personnel of the suncommittees or Shelby county is as follows Distribu- tion, Mrs. w. r. Davis, Miss Alice Lott, Mrs Rosa Teague; press, Mrs. w. w. Wallace, Miss Fife Mae Fulton of Co- lumbiana and Mrs. +. $. Lyman of Montevalo; speakers, Miss Mae Peters,, Miss Hit and Mrs. T. c. Moore; school. and church, Mrs. w. L. Christian, Mrs J. J. Hayes, Mrs Louella Nelson and Miss Nesey.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-06
ANTL-TUBERCULOS|S MEETING ID BE HELD.
War Emergencies Will Be Feature of Meeting, Says
 Dr. Eaves

Dr. George Eaves is making rapid re-. covery from his operation and has al- ready removed from the South High land infrmary 10 his home on Elm street. He wishes to thank many friends for their solicitude and to assure them that he expects to be back at his office in few days The date of the annual meeting of the Anti-Tuberculosis asso- citation falls in September, and will be presently announced.
 The provisional programme of the Ma tional Anti-Tubereulosis association's con ference has been decided upon, and print ed copies will be available in a day or. two. The following preliminary notice is being sent out to all interested per-. sons and organizations:
 Nail things down in your war prob lems or tuberculosis
 southern tuberculosis conference, Bir- mingham, Ala, October 11-l2, 1918.
 Discharged Soldiers" "Tuberculos.S Among Negroes" Public Health Nurs- ing Methods-Results to Date.'
 What the Future Demands
 "A live programme Write to Rev. George Eaves, D. D.. 311la Twentieth street, south, Birmingham, or Nation al Tuberculosis association. sS1 Fourta avenue. New York city.e
 The gathering will concentrate it's at tention upon emergency facts originate ing in the war, but the coordination of the American Red Cross with the National Tuberculosis association gives indications of permanent aggressive or ganization for the conquest of the dis- ease among the entire civilian population of the country. Every Red Cross or ganization in the south will be represent ed at the forthcoming meeting in Bir- mingham.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-09-06
Truck Load Of Beautiful
 Girls Sell SaUing Stamps

Birmingham was bit at a loss to know what it all meant-that, is the big seventon Mack truck, with it's load of 20 beautiful girls and four men-but when Ed Schiller got into action with his Baby Bond conversa- ton the populace, that portion of it which had assembled around the big motor wagon, which was lined up in front of Loveman, Joseph X Loeb's, be- gan to get next and feel for their pocketbooks.
 They all wanted toNbe a "Pershins Patriot right away. They bousht Baby Bonds. The young ladies, who were from Loew's Bijou, felt that they were doing their bit, and they threw in smile with every sale that came 60 natural that few of the baldheads