The Ely miner. [volume] (Ely, Minn.) 1895-1986, 1918-09-20

CASE, lTou POISON gas ana gas masks to
machine guns and high-explosive shrap
mel.
The light Browning, also known as
tte automatic rifle" requires no cool.
iLg apparatus, because In its tactical
use in battle as tool 1t will be called
upon only for what are known as
bursts of firing" 1t is remarkable
new tool, better than anything Of it's
particular type yet developed, and diff
ferent from every other weapon In the
world. It's nearest prototype is the
French Chauchat automatic rifle, which
has proved extremely effective in its
work and is now being used by Ameri-
can troops in France.
At the present stage of tactics the
Browning automatic rifle will be SUI
perior tool for perhaps three definite
jobs in trench warfare. First, being
as portable as the ordinary army rifle,
it can be quickly brought into action
along every part of trench by de-
tenders to stop the advance of an
enemy. With the heavier types of ma.
chine gun fired from tripod and re-
quiring considerable time for getting
into position, if not permanent en-
placement, such resistance of invaders
in a pinch might prove difficult. With
the new Browning firing 20 shots auto
matically in less than three seconds, or
20 shots semiautOmatically as fast as
one desires to pull the trigger, loading
with fresh magazine each 20 shots
in couple of seconds, an entire trench
front can be protected with outbursts
of machine-gun fire, which will not
have to be continued long to do the
work-not long enough for heating Of
the gun to become problem.
The second job of work comes when
American soldiers are ordered over the
top themselves. Despite all the won
derful refinements in high-explosive
shells, shrapnel, and barrage fire, there
has been single soldiers task during
the advance across no mans land for
which the efficient tool was lacking.
While the intensively trained modern
platoon advances behind its own bar
rage equipped with rifles and bombs.
the Hun from his pin box had had the
advantage with his machine gun, and
in that particular moment In the battle
there was nothing with which to an
swer him. The light automatic rifle Is
exactly the tool for this job. 1t can
be carried, instead of rifle, by hun
dreds of men in the advancing squads,
each with his ammunition bearer be-
hind him, and its speed and accuracy
of fire in bursts, while soldiers are
walking, will be sufficient to put ma
chine guns out of action, or at least
drive their operators down into their
trenches during the advance.
Sweeps the Trenches.
The third job for this characteristic
Yankee notion comes when our fellows
have reached the enemy trenches. At
that moment, even though but few
arrive, the Browning automatic rifle
Is expected to replace the bayonet and
bomb under certain conditions, and
multiply the effectiveness of each sol
der who gets across No Mans Land,
for the rapidity and accuracy of the
Browning fire is such that it will be
only a matter of seconds to sweep an
enemy trench in both directions.
There are other tactical uses for the
weapon. AS few as a dozen of these
automatic rifles are sufficient to lay
down a temporary barrage at right
angles to trench front, and even two
Of them quickly placed at opposite
ends of trench front can establish
cross fire as effective as barrage un-
der some circumstances. For with
each gun firing along one leg of a let
ter V meeting and passing somewhere
out in No Mans Land, the chances of
an enemy getting through this V will
be very slim-this will be a defense
equivalent to frontless rifle fire from
dozens Of individual soldiers, and can
be established with the minimum of
exposure.
These are the tactical points of the
new weapon, and one has only to con-
slider it from this viewpoint to under
stand that technical questions such as
have been raised by laymen during
recent discussions of the merits of one
machine gun as against another do not
touch the heart Of the military prob
lem-both the design Of this gun and
its use as tool in battle are palpably
matters to be left to military men.
Another interesting viewpoint on
both the light and heavy types Of
Browning guns can be gained by brief
ly considering the general development
Of machine guns as fighting tools.
From the days of sings and stones
and arrows fighting man has sought
ways of delivering enough missiles in
to the ranks of an advancing foe to
stop him. With gunpowder and port
able guns the number of missiles in
creased, and also their deadliness. The
fired clumsily from tri-
pod was replaced by smooth-bore muz-
guns, and then muzzle-load-
ing rifles, breech-loading rifles capable
of firing shots singly, and finally the
rifle, with capacity of five
or six shots in rapid succession. Then
came shrapnel, delivering spray of
bullets over considerable range, and
also the first machine guns equipped
to fire hundreds of shots in rapid sue
cession, but at first so heavy and
clumsy that they could not be moved
much more quickly than artillery.
Fired From Shoulder and Hip.
These first machine guns are known
as the heavy types and were presently
reduced in weight and developed In