davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1918-07-26
FocH'S INFANTRY CLOSING In.
Counter Blows Useless.

Counter Blows Uselesx.
But fierce and frantic as these
efforts are. they can be of no avail
as long as the crown prince cannot
throw on tie grip in the two ccE-
ters, at Fere-en-Tardenois. and
southwest Of Rheims.
Compare his army to a human
body. and you have the shoulders
shaclled, the ribs crumbling under
the allied pineers. the right leg cut
on Chateau Thierry formed the fooo
and the left being slowly severed st
the thigh. near Fere-en-Tardenois.
That rail base, with which stands
and falls the whole German right.
Is being swiftly surrounded BY French
and Americans. French and Amer
lean shells are raining into t,ae
town from three sides.
A New sedanf
Sedan" Is tho word on all lips.
the picture in all minds tonight
For unless a miracle happens Foch
is about 70 do to the German crown
princes army what Noltke did 20
the French in that historic battle.
which ended the Franco-Prussian
war SO ~fgnominously for France. He
is in a fair way OF doing what the
little Moltke tried to do at the Marne
four years ago. and what Lnden-
dorff set out to DO in his last drive.
Armies have been virtually sur
rounded" many times before In this
war. Time and time again Hinden-
burg had the grand Duke Nicholas
practically bottled up" Always
the trapped" armies got away. but
never has encirclement been 90 COM
plete as Il is tonight between the
Aisne and the Marne- Never has q
great army been so sramped for
space and 80 continuously closed In,
r.,.,,,,,,,v,, 80 x~
The Washington herald., 1918-07-26
ZZ-MILE MOUTH OF FUNNEL -.
SWEPT BY CONTINUAL FIRE

Up along the Ane and Vesle rivers from SCISSORS south
eastward Mey-Premecy, there gap the infantry ring
twenty-five miles wide. is the mouth of the funnel This
open space which forms the enemys only of escape,
bahed every of the day and night fire from the allied
ong-range guns. Through that continuous yc : isHs
pass all re-enforcements and pass t usi's ps=
treat.
At either end of this vale of death stands strong allied
amy-ench and Americans south of SCISSORS and French
British Italians and Americans southwest Of Rheims. They
like tentaces threatening meet half way be-
tween SCISSORS and Rheims, and thus close the ring
Fochs Soissons army stands stationary. awaiting develop
mens but his Rheims army moving forward threatening
Fismes vital German support rail base 1t advanced two
miles today reaching MePemecy. reducing the width of the
funnel mouth from twenty-four to twenty-five miles.
FRANco-YANKS GAIN MILES.
Thursday nights French official communique shows that:
French and American advanced nearly mixes south
of the Ourcq The greatest made in the region of
Domans
Chateau.
In their advance on they crossed the Naneu
brook Southeast of Amene they took A l4l Farther south
they captured Concy and of Toune Wood In the Fere forest
they reached the line BeauvardChamd They pushed the
Rz forest.
Southwest of Rheims FanooB6h troops beat off violent Ger
attacks between Vgny and St Euphase and gained
a foothoId on Hill 204 taking 100 prisoners.
FocHS INFANTRY CLOSING In.
Meanwhile Fochs infantry wall closing slowly but steadily.
threatening crush the huge Teuton its clutch With
hour their grip 6ghens With every hour the Germans lose
space the pressure keeps there will be
even for
With desperate fury the princes trapped divisions
attacking the hank trying desperately hack
opening through the ring that threatens throttle them They
ceeded in retaining some ground both sides In the they
threw French back Peereu; the they reoOk
hill, but had give up again.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-26
THE WEATHER

Today-Partly cloudy and eontin-
ued warm. Tomorrow - Continued
warm. Highest temperature, yester-
day, 81; lowest. 20.
The Washington herald., 1918-07-26
Claim Fronts Are Low

CONTINUED ON PAGE SEVEN
The Washington herald., 1918-07-26

ooSrsurp os RAD MIA
The Washington herald., 1918-07-26

ooNTINUEp on PAGE NINA
The sun., 1918-12-01

be an American peace commissioner
OF greater ability than this one.
Franklin, our representative at Paris,
had won for the struggling Colonies
the invaluable friendship and aid Of
the French Government. John Adams
was to be President. Jay to he Chief
Justice OF the United States Supreme
Court. Laurens was a former president
of the Council of Safety of South
Carolina and OF the Continental Con-
gress. and he had been sent to Hol-
land to negotiate a commercial treaty
during the war. but falling into the
hands Of the British had been i'm
prisoned in the Tower OF London for
fifteen months.
Dispute With France Ended.
Our convention OF peace, commerce
and navigation with France, which on
September 80, 1900 ended war that
was not a war, was negotiated for the
United States by Oliver Ellsworth.
William Richardson Davie and Will
lam Vans Murray; for the First Con-
sulate by the following Counsellors OF
State: Jerome Bonaparte. Charles
Pierre, Claret Fleurien and Pierre
Louis Roederer. The quarrel. on the
French side, was a legacy from the
Directory to Napoleon's First Consul
late.
The change in the French Govern
ment made possible a reconciliation
without formal progress into war. BY
the convention France recognized the
rights of neutral vessels and promised
indemnity for her navy's depredations.
Depending on what historian you read
Americas success In the conference
was mainly tho work OF Ellsworth or
that OF Murray.
John Adams, Federalist was Pres!-
dent at the time. The Vice Presi-
dent was Jefferson.
Two OF President Adams's Commits
sioners. Ellsworth. who had Just re-
signed the Office of Chief Justice, and
Murray. who had been Washington's
Minister 70 the Netherlands, were
strong Federalists. Davle. English
born. former Governor OF North
Carolina and a veteran of the Revolu-
ton, seems to have been a free lance
The sun., 1918-12-01
CLAUS OF SOLDIERS SMOKES
THEN the innumerable details
" of the greatest war the
Nnrln has a,.er andnroh nra

AHhN the innumeraole details
wv of the greatest war the
world has ever endured are
gathered up in one tremendous gener-
elity Il will be found that many Of
them have slipped out Of the con-
tainer. Then the details viii begin
10 be general!zed. One OF these, which
has deeply interested the generous
heart Of America. will tell in a few
words the beginning the growth and
the apothoosis OF TIE SuN Tobacco
Fund.
That single fund will in turn have
to be divided into particulars; II no
more than the other features of the
months or Americas participation in
the war can be comprised in one
swelling phrase. Then the chief sup
porters Of the fund Will receive each
his need or praise both for what he
wanted TO DO for the comfort and hap
piness OF our hoys in active service
End for what he did. For many Of
these supporters of THE Sun Tobacco
Fund the public by its happy and easy
t'aIection Will make names OF its own
One such name will belong as by
right 10 Seneca G.. Lewis, a We'll known
ramc in The world of business and
orc that counts in the realm OF popu-
lar music. No sooner had the fund
started on what was bound 10 be a
wonderful career than Mr. Lewis came
~ once to lis support with his money.
his intellect and his musical talent
When the fund was still a stripping
Mr.. Lewis wrote IN from his home
town, Jeanette, "a what his inten-
ton was, All that he should be in
spired to write OF patriotic music he
would give to the smoke fund. and
lie followed this ~ forwarding cop
tes of contracts with his musical pub
Iishers which set forth legally that all
royalties accruing through sale OF his
compositions the march Columbia
iDd the one step Georgia Lari," and
all profits on sales OF these compost
tom made through the branches of
the Pennsylvania Rubber Company
located IN var.ou3 cities throughout
the United States would he in their
entirety forwarded to THE Sun To-
hacCo Fund to buy smokes for Amer
Ian foidiers in service overseas. What
this meant had q definite explanation
81 the early part OF last September
when the fund was folnd 10 have
heEt fitted by his generosity IN the sum
OF SI,iI4.69.
Not get to give out the name that
Mr.. Lewis he'd selected for himseif and
that would fall 70 him by natural
selection, this Is but a moety of the
money he has sent In to the smoke
fuad from many sources. For an in
s'aIce, he It was who brought IN TO
the fund subsidiary smoke frud es-
tAhllshed at Greensburg, Pa, substnn-
tai donations from which have come
IN throughout the year through the
JHbnne-PreSs OF that city And his
lbs. musical composition, a song en-
titled Home Coming Week in
The sun., 1918-12-01

nf no
,.r, to,. So+,,r,,o,, -, ~ sI.
hnII eonno. ,ha.o -, ~, .,,,t,. ,,,,...
uniforms and ,ba t,s,,,n,a Wv, tI.,,
,sal,ad c,,s ,bat ,roa, - 1890
,,.,puj,,,r -, 80, ,f,ai,. .,s.a,,,,..,..
.u.oor H. ,,.i,,I,, TO-. - ~ -
yra,, buiI1irm ~, Siy,h a'.nu, Wv '''N'
Tho tr,rsnnrt huJ Ta,I'aI o., ",
h,l,a, and t,'o ,,,o,, - ,.r,,,, ~. ~.
tyo hnsni,oI shin. yyhi,.h ,,.o,.o 80 i'ut,'.
,rop, :, IN. e,,, ,r. a., -
+ tho white steamer j.rnr.naI ,,litr,
Khaki coyorsl mo, ,,,o,.i,,., ia 49,
Nor rnnr,orda. Sn,,'ta,. .,a,,, ,h,
,rIor "nn ,,rr o,,.s =" r,,,,,,iio.'I,.
,bo nf,v-tv, ,,nb,,Ia,.,,.. ,,.',..' - :,
~ ,h, ari,.o,.s NJ, .',,I ,,.,,,,,.,..-
y-ora ,,,,,r,f ,l.,t,,.. 80, ,,,,., ..
road. .,rl ,,,., ..,,.,, ,,.,,... -,
.oivc mo ~. ma,
bco NM, ,t,,,n- ,,., ,,,.. t,,.,.,. a. f.,
,ho,,t IA ,1;,.a ,s .,, ,.n,. In ..,
tbc vyo,er n,,,. ,t,, l.,.li,,--
GAN, y.ai, ., Wa ahn,,,,l ,..,,,,,.,,,
..c haI ,r,o.1,,.. w., "a Is '''''-
..horo"
4 comnariun ronnsd hin, h,o1, ,,o
,.,It,h tb,t tool, III, ,,,,,.', 80 .,,,,'.
.r,rdv Iimb FortnrataI. bo ,,,os n.,,
Of fine first IN ia,,. Li,,,so,g aa,,',, ti,o
...ngp,ank. his blunle- eniIipner, he
The sun., 1918-12-01
Only -Four in Less
Than 50 Years.
but Some Note
worthy Treaties
Have BeenSigned
as Well-Arbitra-
ton Often Has
Averted Conflict

list Of peace conferences
with foreign nations, exclusive

THE 81, lis. Of peace conferences
with foreign nations, exclusive
OF Indian tribes, to which tho
United States as a belligerent was a
party reduces strictly TO the following:
The Peace OF Paris after the Revolu-
ton; the Peace OF Client with Great
Britain after the War Of 1912; the
Peace OF Guadalupe Hidalgo with
Mexico, 1s4S. and the Peace Of Paris
utter the war with Spain.
OF some pertinence, however, are the
peace treaties forced on us by the
Barbary pirates, 1861, and by us on
them twenty years later; and the
Peace Convention with France made in
1900. Technically in the latter case
we had not been at war, even though
our frigate Constellation had captured
the French frigate Insurgente and had
destroyed another, La Vengeance.
And II seems worth while TO review
the circumstances OF the Geneva Ar
bitration with Great Britain.
Our Indepe ndence ecORnized.
Our peace with Great Britain after
The Revolution was concluded by Com
Ep,ssioners OF Congress under the
Articles of Confederation, and of
course before an American President
Of Constitution existed. Washington
vas simply Commander in Chief. The
provisional treaty was signed at Paris
November so, 1883, the definitive
iuston having declared cessation of
hostilities In January. 1888.
The American Commissioners In the
frs. conference were John Adams,
Iranklil, Jay and Henry Laurens: in
the Cecond the same without I.aurens.
Eichnrd Osgood negotiated for the
King in the first conference. David
Hartley, NJ. p, in the second, The
four main questions in both were the
boundaries OF the United States, FISH
ing rights off Newfoundland, the pay
nIent of private debts OF American
citizens to British and compensation
by the United States 20 British loyal
lists (Tories) whose property had been
Cunfiscated by the colonists during the
war.
The two former questions had to
he further adjusted later on. although
presumably conclusive agreements
were then arrived Mt. the United
States getting the territory between
the Alleghanies and the Mississippi,
snd getting the right to fish of the
Newfoundland coast, but not to, dry
the catches on those shores. There
was to be no lawful impeachment to the
recovery of debts either way, and
American legislation was to be rec
commended making the loyalists I'M
mune from confiscations or prosecu-
tons.
On the day OF the signing OF the
deinit!ve treaty, the Treaty OF Yer
eaiiles was also concluded
II is unlikely that there will ever
The sun., 1918-12-01

Gated q, the Old Black HNls stage
route some thirty mics north uf Chpy-
cnnc, Returning to his native Stltc
| he entered the employ If the Fletcher
| Hardware Company Of Detroit, and
later became n II a partner and d.
! rector.
Abol: tbs time, or in 1900, to be
! exact. in partnership with William y.
MetzGer lie promoted and MANAGED
the first local automobile show held In
the United states. lie concentrated
. his energies on this venture until
1909, when he went To New Haven,
Conn. to become general sales man
. ager for the Winchester Repeating
Arms Company.
During his residence IN Detroi: NJ.
Lewis found tine to cultivate his mu-
steal talent. which developed along the
path of COmp0. lticn. At this period n
contest ensued between art and bust
nes' for the mastery of his time, and
business won out. Between 1870 and
1917 he rarely gave himself the de-
light Of notating "a bar If the original
strains which ran through mis- brain.
IN 1910 through personal friend
Charles NJ Du Puy, now Major with
the American forces in France, Mr..
Lewis was induced TO undertake Tho
reorganization O. the Pennsylvania
Rubber Company OF JeauuCit". IA.
with which Herbert Du Puv and his
son. II. Wilfred Bu Puy. were assoc
ciated. The Du Puy interests gave
Mr.. Lewis full authority, and IL W.s
;Eus enabled 10 enforce plans which
The sun., 1918-12-01

phrasing. Our President, in a pre-
amble, Is most distinguished among
those who profess the religion Of the
Messiah" and for his people the hope
IL uttered. may the end be happy"
Later we tired of piracy and black
mail. American squadrons attended TO
the Barbary coast, and between 1905
and 1915, when Decatur finally made
the whole thing sure, treaties were
made with the Deys andLBashaws.
The Peace of Client was concluded
December "a, 1914. The United States
States commission appointed by
President Madison, who was a JEFF
fersonian Democratic Republican, in
Guided John Quincy Adams, then our
Minister to Russia: James A. Bayard,
former United States Senator; Henry
Clay, Speaker OF the House; Albert
Gallatin, who had been Secretary OF
the Treasury from 1901 to 1913. and
Jonathan Russell our Minister TO
Norway and Sweden.
John Quincy Adams was a former
Federalist and from Massachusetts, a
strong Federalist State. That is, he
had been originally in opposition to
Madison in politics. Later he had
come into accord with Madison's gov
eminent.
Bayard was another former Federal
it, but he was the man who had
brought about Jefferson's victory over
aaron Burr when that Presidential
election was thrown into the House
Of Representatives. Clay was n con-
spicious Madisonian, and so was Gal
latin. the eminent flnancier. Russell
was a second Massachusetts commits
sioner OF Madfsonian craftsmanship.
Ten years later he was elected to Con-
gress as a Democrat, in the present
day party sense.
The Peace of Client.
The British commissioners were
Lord Gambler, Henry Goulbun and
William Adams.
For the achievement of our commits
sion much OF the credit has always
been given Clay. The best opinion
nowadays oversla dows him with Gal
latin. The late Henry Adams. grand
son OF the American chairman on the
occasion. and conscientiously Just
New England historian, writes. Far
more than contemporaries ever sup
posed or than Is now imagined, the
Treaty of Client was the especial
work ana the peculiar triumph O:
Mr. Gala tin
Since in that day before wireless.
he:ore transatlantt' cables and when
"a fast clipper with favorable winds
spoiled month in crossing the ocean.
i was Impossible Tor Washington to
kes u in touch with it's commission the
The sun., 1918-12-01

,~AN =. fbis fhG r,..l Stlff"' and
IN ln s..nlo = y3s.ed soldier
IN his lnrr los, nrf LeIo,v the
..ur1 limplna, down the naugp.auE of
Tho ,,n,,tt,l Shin az W. side Pier
ao scontir,II, ,anned IN, boards ~
the wharf with his ,rutch
Al tbr vov across the Atl1,,t,,, ON
tho TRANSPORT vy5i,l n.a brouch, tncm
from r,r baso hnsnit,,s of France
rhes, 500 baroe. of C,n,,r,,y. Of Ncr-
ir, o,s ,r Cls.cap-T ri,,,r. had VS.
ualiaed their return, had dreamed Of
'ach "o''l'' "ad N"''o'''u ''''' ~ any.
~ I"' S'o'P' ,'D" U'U
.>eN to'N NI"', '.''N. n'' WIN 7,
',''' "''c'' 81, i'S' .''V SUI was ''" ~ "
'',A W. 49,
'',''" Wv" "" '''' 'IS 90!
'''9t "'' -
, S,NH w ''''''N'',i, '''-'
80 "' '"'" "'' -''''' ','" 40 "-'''''
W. = S','," "'!' ''''t'''- t'''
nc ~ i'"''N'! '''''' '''''' ~
'''N, IT 90 Wv A'.N.
any ''''i pI''N 'o'' "a" "r Pu' ."''
''."S, "i''' '''leS, '''d' was N'' "!'l''"''
VI n' '',., '','e ''''' VI "ou''r'" '' ',
- '"'N "',' h'.f"" ",' ''c INC S,"P
ny i,'s W. '''u '''a '',l an" i'''o VIC
W., ""'e''r ',,' ,,'. 'v y. i'."
The sun., 1918-12-01
MEETING WOUNDED SOLDIERS

.tCAY, = this the real stuff" and.
\" s"C ,,, a sa as, ,,s soldier ts,
The sun., 1918-12-01
What Seneca G. Lewis Has Done to
Comfort Our Boys

France" Is another gift to the fund.
The total OF the contributions made
to date by Mr.. Lewis is IN excess OF
$4,000. or a sum sufficient to buy a
smoke for every one of our 1000, 900
fighting men in France. This sum he
means to more than double before
these fighting men are all on trans
ports home returning In order trebly
to justify him name, and as these later
gifts are for the purpose OF making
their Christmas abroad d cheerful ,ale
by eason OF sufficient supply of Gig
aretteS and tobacco that name
The sun., 1918-12-01

in early politics The scene of the
convention was Paris.
The original treaties with the Bar
harry Powers were made in the closing
years of the eighteenth century. The
United States did what the European
nations Were doing as a matter OF
course, signed agreements to pay
blackrna!l, tribute money, in return
for immunity for our commerce in the
Mediterranean. These agreements
were handled on the American side
by American Consuls or their deputies
as agents plenipotentlary. They are
interesting document with an Orieu-
tai eforescence added to the for
mal!ty Of all the older diplomats
The sun., 1918-12-01

couldn't be o,her than the name that
suits and pleases him bcst--Santa
Claus Of Soldiers Smokes.
To many persons who know his
music and 10 more who know OF hi;
reputation In the business world ;he
man himself is hardly known at All.
y few words about his career in either
realm OF activity cannot therefore
come amss.
Mr. Lewis was born in the Wolver-
me State aud after iegIiug Hiiislale,
Mich, he went West, young man."
and spent two years on ranch To-
The sun., 1918-12-01

efficiency thes" ambulance drivers do
not forgot that tho American girls
smile can reach the world over and
that the young men coming of the
boat with shrapnel and bayonet
wounds had suffered for their sakes.
The first boatlOad confined eighty
eight. somc negroes from the South.
some broad shoudered men from the
West, men from all ends OF the Coun-
try and from all sorts and conditions
nC homes, They We're coming borne
together, wounded in body. but Whole
IN spirit, Scarcely n single one
s,epped of the plank and into an
ambulance without a smile on his
face. The sheer joy Of romin- back
Tor good, with the war over and the
job well done made them forget the
nausea of tae anRSthctir and tho lain
"c the : rgecn's knife.
Say. arc you a real live American
2llceman?" grinning "IoEnac," "a his
"Inkies called him, shouted from the
deck. Il hit I can lose you even
" my one and only"
As "CoGnaC" lifted himself on his
'rutches and swunS himself off the
'"at his companions If the voyage.
nen who had shared his dugout. men
who had heard the rumble of the big
guns I'm the same empty nights men
who had together wished Tor home.
allied after him.
Got my brandy, Coguac? Leave
some mess for US"
The sun., 1918-12-01
Glad Ia lie Home,

In a few wor3a they characterized
rheir friend. AID then forgetting
their illnesses, thrilling only with tho
broken tension OF "humc at last" the
boys broke out into CHEEKY relays Of
trench songs. The pathos of the
'ongs, the tragedy OF the trenche., was
behind them, Il memory Of brave de-
tiancc for the nations sake. only
remained the eXuberancc Of young
boys on holiday, children who had
heen scrapping far away from home
who were back again TO be welcomed
and pettea.
Did you ever see so many happy
smiles" one Motor Corps girl ASKED
he" neiehbor. And every ono uf
item sick, Talk about our working
al day ard every day without a
vhimper how can we help it when
tie boys We carr to the sick wards
are as careless as thcy?"
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1918-10-19
DISASTROUS FOREST FIRES WIPE OUT
MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN TOWNS

A large section OF northeastern Minnesota and
northern Wisconsin week ago prosperous
business and farming region = today is smoul-
derlng ruin as the result of disastrous forest
fires which swept that territory Saturday and
Sunday.
Although at present writing no accurate es-
innate can be given of the loss Of life, reports
from all sections of the burned area indicate
that nearly 1000 persons either burned to death
or were suffocated in the dense volumes of
smoke. At least $4,000 people were rendered
homeless and 2o towns were either totally or
partially destroyed
The devastated section is nearly hundred
square miles in area. The fire burned right up
to the outlying sections of the cities Of Duluth
and Superior, destroying nearly one hundred
buildings in the former citv and threatening the
great shipyards in the latter
AS far as can be learned. the property DAMAGE
surpasses that caused by any of the historic
nres Oh previous years which have swept this
region lhe insurance companies are thus sud-
dehly confronted with the heaviest losses since
the San Francisco confagration
hetugees from the burned district say they
were given but moments warning before the
merry avalanche hurled itself across the country
side residents rushed into cellars and hud-
oled together wherever depression in the
ground promised refuge from the fire. Frantic
i1.i Pi.nSeu lntO lakes TO escape the HameS.
standlng In the icy waters for hours Whole
FAMILIES were wiped out, and hundreds of set
Tiers homes have been destroyed Latest re-
ports tell of rescue parties securing the burned
districts and bringing in many truck-loads of
oadly burned, half-starved settlers who escaped
death and were found wandering about in a
dazed condition
The 20 towns destroyed in whole or in part
are Cloquet, Moose Lake, Kettle River, Lawler,
Adolph, Munger, Five Corners, Harney Grand
LAKE, LAKE, Maple Grove, Twig, Barnum, Mathews,
Atkinson, French River Clifton. Carleton.
Brookston Rreavator, Pike Lake, Pine Hill,
haiavaa, onald, Salo, Split Rock, Automba
and Warra; also the outlying portions of
Duluth