The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-13


 Flor world peace, enunciated before Con- gress on January 8, 1918, were as follows: | 1. Open covenants of peace, openly ar rived at. after which there shall be no private international understandings ot any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view
 2 Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or i'll part by in- ternational action for the enforcement of international covenants.
 3. The removal, so far as possible of all economic barriers and the establish ment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations eonsenting to the peace and associating themselves for it's maintenance.
 4. Adequate guarantees given and talk ell that national armaments will be re- duced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety
 5, A free, open minded and absolutely impartial adjustment of all coloniaI claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the inter- ests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equita ble claims of the government whose title is to be determined.
 6. The evacuation of all Russian ter ritory and such q settlement of all ques- tions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed op portunity for the independent determina- tion of her own political development and national policy and assure her of sin cere welcome into the society of free na- nStif if11tio ar atxyrl choosing; and, more than welcome, as- sistanee also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treat- ment accorded Russia by her sister na- tions in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their com prehension of her needs as distin- guished from their own interests and Of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.
 '. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and de- termined for the government of their re- lations with one another. Without this healing act the whole structure and val idity of international law is forever im- paired.
 S. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored. and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871, in the matter of Asa ce- Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly 50 years, should be righted in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all
 9. readjustment of the frontiers of ,,lN olao ,.lxr recognizable lines of nationality.
 10. The peoples of Austria Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity of autonomous development
 Il. Rumania, Serbia and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another be determined by friendly council along historically established lines of alleg- lance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity o1 the several Balkan states should be en- tered into.
 12. The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman empire should be assured a SC cure sovereignty, but the other nation alities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested op- pertunity of autonomous development and the Dardanelles should be perma- nently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations un- der international guarantees
 13 An independent Polish state should be erected, which should include the ter ritories inhabited ~ indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independ- ence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant IA A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike
 i CONDITIONS OF FEBRUARY, 1918 President Wilson in his address to Con gress on February II, 1918, laid down the following peace conditions: That each part of the final settle ment must be based upon the essential justice of that particular case and upon such adjustments as are most likely to bring peace that will be permanent. 2 That peoples and provinces are not 1 to be bartered about from sovereignty | to sovereignty as if they were mere chatte and pawns in game, even the great game, now forever discredited, ot the balance of power; but that & Every territorial settlement involved | in this war must be made in the interest and for the benefit of the populations concerned, and not as a part of any mere adjustment or compromise of claims