davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1915-current, 1918-02-20
SUMMONS

In the District Lourt OF the Fourth
Judicial District OF the State OF Ne
vada, in and for the County OF Elko.
Benjamin c. Taylor. Plaintiff, vs..
Alice Taylor, Defendant.
Action brought in the District Court
OF the Fourth Judicial District Of the
State of Nevada, In and for the county
of Elko. and the Complaint filed in
the Office Of the clerk of said district
court.
The State OF Nevada sends Greeting
to said Defendant:
You are hereby summoned 70 appear
Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1915-current, 1918-02-20
NOTICE OF SALE
Department of the Interior
Grnrrnl Land Office.

Department of the Interior
General Land Office.
Notice is hereby given that there is
with Mr.. Nicls Fanerby. at Elko, Ne
yada, a Studebaker blackboard. prop
crty of the General Land Office.
which is offered for sale. If you care
to purchase this wagon please advise
me what price you will offer for
same. No bids will be considered
which reach Salt Lake City after
February 20. 1918.
c. d. d. KIRKPATRICK,
Asst. Supervisor of Surveys
Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1915-current, 1918-02-20
SEYMOUR CASE,
State Engineer.

First publication Feb. 6, 1918.
Last publication March Is, 1918.
Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1915-current, 1918-02-20

of Reno are surface shales that will
These deposits Will be developed and
burn when touched with a match
the shale oil industry promises to be-
come an important one in Nevada.
Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1915-current, 1918-02-20
WARNING.

Hunting. Fishing and Shooting is
strictly prohibited on all OF our
ranches. on Msry's River and both the
SeVentyOne ranches. Treaspessep
will be prosecuted according 10 law.
Nevada Land 4 Livestock Co.
Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1915-current, 1918-02-20
NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Notice is hereby given that the un-
dersigned was on the Gath day OF De-
cember, 1917, appointed executor Of
the estate OF James Burke. deceased.
and letters testamentary issued to
him.
All persons having claims against
said estate will file the same with sta
tuory affidavit attached, with the clerk
OF the above entitled court within
three months from the date hereof
or they will be forever barred.
Dated February /, 1918.
S. c. SHIRLEY,
Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1915-current, 1918-02-20

of this notice. or their claims will be
forever barred.
Dated this 9Th day OF February,
1918.
JAMES DYSABT,
Administrator Of said Estate.
First publication Feb. 7. 1918.
Last publication Feb. IS. 1918.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
WAR-TORN EUROPE
NEEDS HUGE SUPPLIES
Tens of Thousands of Houses
Must Be Built in Allied
Countries
Br The associated Press


Belgium will need raw materials. ma
chimes and railway equipment: France
will need a million plows and Other ag
ricultura implements and England and
America and all the other nations which
have been opposed to Germany will need
tens Of thousands Of houses, according
session OF the National Municipal
Leagues conference on construction.
Begium'S loss from German oC,u-
patton was placed by Professor Paul
Van Den Ven. OF the Belgian embassy,
a. between four and six billion dollars
The nation has plenty of labor he said.
but looked to America for machines
and raw materials.
Lieutenant Maurice Boyer, Of the
French high commission. estimated that
six hundred million days of labor would
be required to reconstruct the devas-
tated portions OF France, whose losses
by German occupation he estimated at
ten billion dollars i will take two
years to rehabilitate the coal mines for
working, and l.510,O00 cattle taken from
French farms must he restored.
Dr. Thomas Adams, of ottawa. can,
declared that Canada would have to
build 10000 houses England $1,000.
and American $4,000 houses annually
TO meet the Immediate demands for
homes.
The conference Will continue today and
tomorrow.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
NATION NEEDS MEN
IN MERCHANT MARINE
Services More Urgent Now
Than During War, Says
Shipping Board

America and its allies stand today
victorious In a war that has been waged
for democracy But the end of the war
s not yet here. Although actual hos
Titles have ended by the signing Of the
armistiCe. peace will not come to this
country and its allies until It Ia 40 de-
clared IN peace proclamation 49,.
So declares an ofiGial statement is-
sued today from the local headquarters
of the shipping board recruiting "service
in the Bourse Building to men OF the
merchant marine now in training or
ready 60 graduate into active service
warning them that the country needs
their services nov more than" a any
time during the crisis just passed.
Europe" says the statement, Hes
battered and bruised II will need re-
construction. II vii need aid for many
months TO come. America must furnish
the aid and This means that the ships
that now ny the stars and stripes, and
those that will come from the launch
ing ways from time to time. must be
manned TO these men OF the country
who still want 10 do their bit there Is
today an opportunity still 10 accomplish
that end by enrolling in the merchant
marine. More ships VIII be needed than
ever before Men will be needed aboard
them Food and supplies must be kept
on the move for the men overseas and
troops viii he in transit for some time to
come"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
REMOVE COTTON EMBARGO
Barred Now Only to Enemy and
Northern Neutrals

Washington, Nov. 2l.--All restrictions
on the shipment 3of cotton from the
United States. except TO enemy countries
and to the northern European neutrals,
have been removed. Senator IIoke Smith,
Of Georgia, said Yesterday after a con-
ference with officials of the war trade
board
cotton in Increased quantities already
is moving to the Allied countries. Be-
cause OF the fact that 1ndias crop this
year was sufficient only for that coun-
trys reeds, Senator Smith said. Japan
has been very anxious to get cotton from
the United States. Iapan's needs are
estimated at 1000 OOO bales
Stocks Of cotton in the South now are
said to exceed 100000 bales and be-
cause of this fact southern congress-
men asked the Sar trade board and
other Government agencies to modify the
restrictions on exports. Senators say
that countries desiring to import Amer
lean cotton have indicated a readiness
to supply the tonnage necessary for its
movement.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
POWER FAILURE
LAYS OFF MEN
IN BIG SHlPYARD
Nearly $500 Pusey & Jones Glou-
cester Men Forced to Quit
for Day

Nearly half the 5000 workers al the
Pennsylvania yard OF the Pusey & Jones
laid off for the day at 10 O'Clock this
morning because OF n breakdown at the
Burlington power plant OF the Public
Service Electric Corporation. '..
Several small factories and other bust
ness concerns also had TO suspend. and
trolley service between Burlington and
Camden was interrupted several times
The tie-up was caused by the burning
out OF generator at the Burlington
plant.
The New Jersey yard Of the Pusey
& Jones Company was not affected. as
the new pOwerhouse Of the company
supplies its need. This plant also fur
nishes some OF the power for the Penn
sylvania yard. but is not equipped to
meet all the demands OF both yards
All the riveters at the Pennsylvania
yard were thrown out Of work. as were
all others whose labors depend upon
electricity from Burlington
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21

..\r" f"'N scare"
PhlladeIphIatS drlN~ for m"r" ",eau-
gong cnmmprcr and commercial de-
,.,,-,.,.,r,, i,,-.,, ,.,,. ,.,,,,,o., chic,
W '''' '>'
ping circles IN We" l"fN
tommunics tons warning that hhiIa-
delphla ia endeavoring to wean sh p
,,os from, \au y,rI ,r,. deIugine
Murray IIulber, Director Of the Port
~ Eav ynrE wbG IN ,nrn israutng
o., <.o,,. y,S,,,, ..,,,.L,-,,,, b.rors - .fg
."i
70" ,a''' .,3... ,..,,.,,.,a ,,,.,..
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
TURKS CRUEL TO CAPTIVES
Third of British Prisoners Dead
or UnaCcounted For

London. Nov. 2l..-,By A. PA
white Paper" on the treatment of
British prisoners in Turkey issued yes
'erday. says that Of 1888 prisoners
taken by the Turks, 1890 are repoitedsto o
be dead while no trace can be found Of
2222 others, and il Is believed they have
persisted. These latter prisoners were
all captured at kut "a Amara. so it
is certain they passed living into Turk
ish hands. but no word has been heard
from them.
The kut prisoners were forced to
march across the desert to Asia Minor
without food or medical attention. As
result. the White Paper says. parties
Of men were. lying exhausted under any
shelter they could find in All stages of
dysentcry and starvat ou, some dying.
some dead. half-ClOthed and without
boots, having sold everything to buy a
little milk"
The survivors were forced to work at
tunnoing on the Bagdad Railway
Where no use could be made Of them.
they were sent to camps in the interior.
being forced to march across the Taurus
Mountains, An Australisn officer de-
scrihing the march said
ut was scene from nante's in
ferno."
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
FREED OF MURDER CHARGE
Widows Testimony Helps Ac-
cused Prove Victim a Suicide

WIkes-Barre. Ia, NOV. -T--BN PROV
ing his supposed victim committed
suicide Edmund tuff. Of Maffett Patch.
this city. was freed from II charge of
murder in connection with the death of
William Lowe, of Hanover. Cuff was
arrested following the finding of loves
body on Sunday morning and after II
had been proved that he was a witness
TO the shooting and had argued with
Lowe. Yesterday the widow of Lowe
appeared in court, SAID s1e had been
deserted in : Philadelphia by her hHs-
band and that she received a letter in
forming her that H." intended TO kill
himself not later than sunday.
Her testimony was accepted by the
court and Cuff also produced Witnesses
who proved that he met Lowe early sum
day morning in Hanover township and
was only an unfortunate witness to his
self-destruction II was shown that ne
attempted TO persuade Lowe TO put
aside his revolver, but the latter pointed
il at his own head and fred.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
'Gdfney Likens. Councils
to the Serpen, in Eden

City Councils and the snake in
the Garden Of Eden have been
wrongly abused institutions. ac.
cording to Joseph p. Gaffney. chair.
man OF the Finance Committee of
the former
Mr.. Gaffney made the assertion
at last nights session of the com.
mittee, when Select Councilman
Trainer slid Ccuncils'. would be
guilty of neglect II certain appro-
priations were omitted.
Councils will always be blamed
for not providing sufficient money
Tor one. purpose or aiaother,H re.
torted Mr.. Gahfney. 'The blame al.
ways goes upon Councils. The
troubles In the Garden OF Eden
were shifted to the snake. Some
source must be found for the
blame: IL has been this way since
the time OF Adana,,'s .os...., $500.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
!Sape Your Turkey Eats n.
TIN Xmas. Cooke Urges

save your Thanksgiving turkey
dinner until Christmas! is the ad.
vice of Jay Cooke. Federal food ad.
ministrator for Philadelphia.
Turkeys are not yet full grown"
MIR. Cooke explained. Young tur.
keys are brought into the market
for Thanksgiving dinner. 1t is the
desire of the food adminlstrati ION
that people shall eat only home.
grown foods or old turkeys.
IF people cannot get them they
should eat something else. The
food administration does not want
immature birds to be eaten, for
they, will be here in greater mum.
Der aud of better size If allowed
to go until Christmas
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
RAISE FLAG AT GLOI CESTER
Patriotic Rally Ends With Donations to
War Fund

A flag raising and patriotir rally were
held today at the Pusey q Jones ship
yard village, Gloucester When the
program closed sh'pyard workers re.
ceived their pay. and as they passed the
paymaster's desk, contributed to the
united war work fund. Girl solicitors
received a little more than $500
The Rev. John NJ. Davies. pastor Of
the Presbyterian church at Gloucester.
Or. Harlan S. Miner and Superintendent,
Quinn spoke at the rally.
y TGenty-seVen Chinese Seame1l who
registered for the draft at the Glouces-
ter immigrant station. September -. got
their registration cards today
The Chinese were in detention a. the
station when they registered, and be-
cause they We're being held to await
deportation proceedings, they were not
given cards Later they were released
on $1,000 bail each and are. uoly EN-
ployed5 at Eddystoue
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
Entertainments Today
for Serrice Men Here

At the Navy Yard
1.30 p. III. Gospel service-Y. NJ. c.
A. Hut.
80 p. m. Old Fashion Social
Mrs. Gohl tnd party,
patrons. Y.'M. c. a.
annex.
500 p. m, Entertainment - MISS
Chase and committee.
Navy and marine corps
recreation center,
Outside the Navy Yard
100 p. m. Dancing class - Inter-
mediate.
$50 D.. m. Dancing class s-Advanc.
ed. Athletic Recreation
Park, Twenty sixth and
Master streets.
7.30 p. m. Dancing lessons Free
for enlisted men at Stu.
dents Chapter. 1919
Susquehanna avenue.
Prof. Carl Tchopp,
teacher.
500 +. NJ. Catholic hOspice--See
Dad at City Hall booth.
500 p. m. Dance under the aus
pices of Mrs. William
H. Arnold, Miss A.. c.
Melchor, Mrs. Charles
Martyr and Mrs. Cor
liss. 1919 Susquehanna
avenue.
7.3O p. M. Entertainment Smokes
o., and eats. Old ST. steph.
ems Club, l9 South
Tenth street.
500 p. IN. Boxing United Service
Club, 2O7 South Twenty.
second street.
500 p. m, BasketbaIl---S to Q D. IN,
followed by informal
dancing. Ship and Tent
Club 2232 Christian
Co.. street. = %,
500 y. m Flag raising, dance
and refreshments-St
~ Paul's T. A. B. Society,
9ls Carpenter street.
See Dad at City Hall
booth. .. @ ~
7.i5 p. m. Vaudeville and moving
pictures, U, s, Naval
= .r Home, Twenty-fourth
street and Grays Ferry
l. = road, a.a
I.so p. m, Motion pictures. lobby.
Central w. NJ. G, A.
i4st Arch street
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
NEW YORK CHIEF ALARMED
AS THIS PORT SEEKS TRADE
Director Hb.rt Congestion Must Be Reieod bv Increased
Facilities or Else Philadelphia " i'll Succeed in
Wore for Share OF Traffic

Z" take definite S'c''~ '' 'ranSl"r TO
the Port Of Philadelphia all of its
business iow handled through the
Port of New York, because Of con
gested conditions a the latter. This
port Is keenly Interested in these
rumors as YOU may know and We
are eager to clear up the matter
Please wire us collect concise state
nent Of your plans al the earliest
possible moment
Headlines. philadelphia After New
York Port Trade" Steamship Com
panies Receive Attractive Ogers." etc,
appeared In New York newspapers.
There is much speculation in New
York shipping circles regarding the two
unidentified steamship companies. men .
toned TO Director Webster. of the De
partmcnt OF WharVes Docks and Fer
ries. as potentisl patrons Of the port Of
Philadelphia. They are now, berthing
in New York.
Furthermore, announcement of the lot
ter from the Kerr Steamship Company,
New Nor'. read at the recent port de-
velnpnent meeting in Philadelphia, has
caused, II "hnbbub" in the metropolis.
The company Sta'ed in the letter that II
is greatly dissatisfied with %ew York :
facilities and was interested in what
the port Of Philadelphia had to Offer
Director Hubert also furnished soy
eral copies TO letters he had received
from high sources Commeudng his aC-
tton. demanding the c,tY of New York TO
get busy" One is signed by the mem
bers Of the committee on harbor and
shipping Of tho Chamber Of Commerce
of the state OF New York namely lrv-
'nr r. bush, John F. Wallace, CIaren se
KELSEY and George Dearborn
The other communication is from the
chamber OF commerce Of the Borough
of Queens, and is signed by walter !.
Willis
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
HAYS IN WASHINGTON
TO BRING HARMONY
Holds Conference With Party
Leaders on Organization
of Next Congress
Br the Associated Press
WashtngtOn, Nov.

Organi2ation Of the next Congress-
,,,,,ioI,. q. :, r.,,,e. Ia III, House
''''
Speakefshlp ana appointment OF GUAR
men of Senate committees. was dis
,,,s,od today. hy viii 81 Havs chairman
oI INC ttepu"''"" "a'ioh"'
with party leaders of both houses
Tha EIectIors committee Yesterday v
,,,, ss 81. ,ro,o.,
'ooN "p 'o''' "'''" u '"e
against seating Truman II. Newberry'
who defeated Henry Ford for the sena-
, +, ,,, ,, ,,,,,,ossos
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
TINY AIRPLANE ATTRACTS
Attached TO Motorcycle. Ridden by
Du Pont Deputy

\ miniature airplane with wings and
fusiaee of red whit and blue bunting,
mounted on motorcycle driven by
a man in the uniform Of the du Pont
deputy sheriffs, attracted much attention
in the central part OF town.
The machine was driven by Deputy
Sheriff l.. G. kerns, OF Barracks No. ,.
at carney's Point. II was one OF the
features Of Il peace parade which the
du Pont workmen. the citizens Of Penns
grove and Carney's Point. and the Red
Cross organizations of these towns held
last evening. Thousands of men. women
and children marched to celebrate the
signing of tho armistice.
Kaiser Bill Could Not Fat du Pont
Pills.' was painted on the canvas body
OF the machine. On the tailpece was
displayed Il service flag with three stars.
FOR three brothers Of Deputy Sheriff
kerns who are in the service.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
STATE EMERGENCY WORKS
Commission Organizes With Philadel.
phian as Secretary

Harrisburg. Nov. @l.--tBy \. PD--
The Pennsylvania state Emergency
Works Commission, authorized by an
act Of July 20, 1917. has been organized
to prepare for any service which may BE-
necessary to undertake in event OF times
OF depression or great need.
Under the terms Of the act, the COM
MISSION is composed of the Governor,
Auditor General and Commissioner of
Labor and Industry. otto r. Maliery
of Philadeluha. member Of the State
Industrial Board. las been elected sec
retary. William Lauder. secretary of
the State Industrial Board. will handle
details of organization.
The act carries an appropriation Of
$4,000, and by its terms the commits
sion is to secure tentative plans Of such
extensions of public works as may Le
made BY departments, branches, bureaus
or commissions of the State Government
and be adapted TO supply increased
opportunities for advantageous public
labor during periods Of temporary um-
employment, such as industrial deDres-
sion.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
JI\E ELNIDGE BRIDE

New York. Nov. 2l.- Miss June FL
vidge, who has adorned score or more
Of motion pictures, including Rasputin:
the Black Monk" and "A Woman or
Rpdemptiun." since she was at the
W4ftrr Garden in "The Passing Show OF
1915" is a bride.
She was married 10 Lieutenant Frank
e Badgley. NJ. c.. Of the Canadian ex-
Evolutionary forces. last Tuesday by
Magistrate Peter u. Barlow, and now
bridegroom and bride are at his home
in Ottawa, canada.
Mrs Badgpley was born in ST Paul.
MINI, twenty y-five years ago, and was a
concert singer before she came to New
York and became all actress
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21

Philadelphia will soon be lit up.
All restrictions on electrical display
advertising will be Tescnded by the fuel
administration within the next few
duys. An order to this effect has been
signed by Fuel Administrator Garfield.
and II is understood II will become
effective next. Saturday. :,
WIthtthe cuTtailment of war indus
tries and the consequent reduction. in
ybwer loads Iiinpoaed on lighting and
5ower companies during the active pros
aeution OF the war. requests have come
Srorn all sections Of the country for. a
auspension OF the 'llghtless night" reg
uIations. Electrical advertisers haye
urre Immediate suspension % the sre-
strictlons III order that they may handle
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
BADEN MAY BECOME REPUBLIC
National Assembly to Select Form
of Government

Basal. Nov. 1s. delayed. )--rBy \. p
The former Grand Duchy Of Baden
will become a free and popular repub-
liG according tC' a dispatch from, Karls-
ruhe The power there is In the hands
of the provincial government, the Grand
Duke having renounced his leadership.
A national assembly to fX definitely
the form Of government will be elected
january 3. and will assemble within>
ten days after the elections The vot-
ing will be by secret ballot and both
sexes twenty years Of age or above Will
be eligible to vote.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
philadelphia Unit
Treats $4,000 Men
Continued irum Page One
wer. the onI, casualties sustained by
the units STAFF.
DoCtor uartp on Pprshings StaH


Doctor Har,e went over ~ director Of
tn. unit, with the rank of major. He
was promoted to The rank Of lieutenant
colonel and attached TO General Perish
ngs slan
When he went 20 France he was one
Of the mos, noted II this Citys sur
geons He held d chair at the tni-
yerBtty Of Pennsylvania medical school
and Mas surgeon to the Pennsylvania
and Episcopal Hospitals. and consult
ing surgeon TO- st Mary's, st. Timothy s
and the Bryn Mawr Hospitals
BEFORE this country entered the war
doctor Harte served in France as one
Of the priuciual surgeons at the Ahleri-
can Ambulance. at Neuilly, near Paris.
Here he specialized in facial recon-
structIou work. and performed many
uarveIlously delicate operations to re
store the faces Of men with disfgurtng
wounds
Refor. he returned home Oh This "c-
caslOu he visited Belgium as representa- q
tive ~ the American Red ross. and
was r-ceiyed and entertained by King
Albert and the Belgian royal family.
oaicpr. Of Base Hospital
1,b. military commander Of Base Hos
riral No, 10 was Major Matthew A. De-
Ianev NJ. c. The medical and surgical
personnel consisted Of Majors John II.
Gibbon and George W. Norris, Cap
totrs IAuI j. Austin. Edward B. Hodge.
Edward b krumbhaar, Charles r
Mitchell. Arthur Newlin and Francis Il.
Packard First LieutenantS Arthur II
Gerhard Registrar Richard {. Beebe'
/ william B. Cadwalader, j. II. Cloud
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
Philip Arnold

Philip Arnold died yesterday in his
apartments at the Hotel Majestic He
was president Of the Arnold Louchheim
Company, clothing manufacturers, Eiev-
enth and Wood streets. Mr.. Arnold who
was fifty-four years old, had been in
heart trouble. He is survived BY his
wife, Mrs. Carrie L. Arnold, and a
daughter, Mrs. Charles Schwartz. He
was a member of the board OF managers
OF the Eagieville Sanatorium for Con-
stlmptEes. and a member OF the Manu-
facttlrers' Club and the Mercantile Club
The funeral will be held tomorrow al
1890 a. m, at the home or MI. Arnold's
sister, Miss Lizaiette Arnold, 645 North
Twenty-second street.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-11-21
MOONEY STRIKE PROBABLE
Seattle Labor Council Demands New
Trial or Freedom

Seattle, wash, Nov. 2l.@By A. PD-
By unanimous vote. the Seattle Central
Labsr Council last night voted TO strike
on December Q unless prior 10 that tinie
Thomas j. Mooney. convicted Of murder
in connection with Il san Francisco
bomb explosion, had been granted new
trial or given his freedom Vote by the
unions on the strike resolution will begin
today~J
Tuesday night the Seattle metal trades
voted TO 's'rike in behalf Of Mooney so
that II the separate unions of the Cen
tral Labor Council support the strike
ploying union labor will@abe affected,
should the strike take place.