Bisbee daily review., 1918-04-21
MINERAL EXPERT DETAILS USE OF
 METALS IN WAR
Prof. Nj. A. Allen, Technical ogist, Declares Over Three Pounds of Copper Enter One Small Shell.

KINGMAN, Ari4. April 20.-Prof M. A. Allen, mineral technicalOgist recently delivered an interesting ad dress at the Kingman high school upon the subject of War Miner able. Among other things he said:
 "To illustrate the tremendous consumption of minerals on the French front. I will choose the amount of material that is consumed in a three inch shelf. Copper goes into the three inch shell to the amount of three and a half pounds. There is about a pound and a half of copper in the cartridge case. which is recover able These guns are capable of fir ing from twenty to thirty shots poi minute. or twenty to thirty pounds to the minute A ton of ore containing l 1-2 per cent copper is used every minute. You can get some idea of what this means where guns are claimed to be as close as eight yards apart along the front, each one fir ing twenty to thirty shots per min ute"
 He said that most of the war min erals of prominence enter into the manufacture of steel, and as machin- cry plays an important part in the conduct of the war steel production is one of the most essential, and in his lecture Prof Allen dealt mostly with the minerals that enter into the production of steel.
 After passing through the iron blast furnaces the iron ore, now made into pig iron, is taken to the steel plant to be made into steel. by the addi- tion of carbon and other materials. The air remains to some extent in the molten metal, and in order to take tho air and other impurities out, other materials are used Manganeses is one of the materials added.
 Prof. Allen gave an extensive treat ise on the process of removing i'm purities from the pig iron for mak- ing into steel, such as the air, sul- phur and phosphorous There is shortage of manganese in the United States. Russia and Brazil have been out source of supply in the past, but because of the lack of shipping facil- ities, it is difficult to get this ma terial brought in at the present time, and the supply is now not equal to the demand. The manganese found in this country is found in low grade ores, and a process is being attempt ed, whereby low grade manganese can be treated successfully.
 The German government imported twice as much manganese in 1914 as she had ever imported at any time in her history, due probably to war an- ticipations. Germany al the present time, is working manganese ore bod ies of s per cent. Ours is expected to run 40 per cent Manganese does not enter directly into the making of mu- nitions, but is used in all machinery for heavy operations.
 Wolframite is a Tungsten ore in which iron and manganese content va ries considerably. Humbnerite is an other, containing a maximum amount of manganese, and ferberite is also a tungsten mineral containing a maxi mum amount of iron. Tungsten is used in high speed steels
 Graphite is another war mineral, but it is produced very little in this 
 bama produce a little, but most of 1t comes from foreign countries. Graph ite crucibles are used in the making of all kinds of alloys.
 Tungsten steel is used to make the tools cut deeper and the lathe ma chine can be made to run faster The amount of tungsten in tool steel is about IS per cent. Tungsten tools can be made to do as much as five tools of carbon steel
 Molybdenum behaves exactly as tungsten in steel, and has the same properties, but where IS per cent of tungsten is required, per cent of molybdenum may be used.
 Wulfenite and molybdenite are mOlyb1enils materials. the' latter looks like metallic lead. Wulfenite and mOlybdenite are found in Ari- Zona. There is some copper present in the product found here, and it is hard to separate copper sulphides from molybdenite. Molybdenite is used for lining guns, and where car bon steel will wear one very rapid ly, molybdenite steel will last for 220 rounds in a three inch gun, without replacing the ming.
 Caronite is another important min eral, because of its vanadium. radium and uranium content. Vanadium is one of the important minerals in the manufacture of steel, and has pecu- liar effect Vanadium steel can stand reversal Of stress more than an ordi- nary carbon steel SO that it is used in the making of motor car springs. Another use the French government is making Of vanadium steel is for