davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
JUST ''THE PRESIDENT

GENERAL PERSH1NG'S message to the
President thanking him for his appre-
citation of the work Of our soldiers in
France recalls a controversy that waged
hotly in the early days of the Republic.
General Pershing's message began. His
EXcellency, the President of the United
States" 1t is many years since such a
superscription appeared on a communities
ton from an American to the chief eX-
ecutive. There is no formula prescribed
in the Constitution for addressing the
President. The Massachusetts Constitu-
ton directs that the Governor shall be adj
dressed as His Excellency" and the Lieu.
tenant Governor as His Honor" But the
Federal Constitution speaks merely of the
President and the Vice President.
When Washington reached New York on
April %, 1883, preparatory to taking the
oath of office as President there was much
discussion in Congress as to the proper
method of addressing him. Joint commit
tees of the House and Senate were ap-
pointed to devise a form. They finally re.
ported that the forms of the Constitution
were good enough. The Senate was not
satisfied and appointed a new committee.
which recommended the style of "His
Highness, the President of the United
States and Protector of Their Liberties"
After a long debate on the subject the
House appointed a second committee, but
the two committees failed to agree on any,
thing and no report was ever made. 1t
was suggested, however, that the Vice
President be addressed as His Superfu-
President be addressed as His Superfu.
Gus Excellency."
The House established the precedent
which is followed today by directing it's
reply to Washington's first address to
Congress merely "To the President This
was too simple for many and some com
munications written by men who thought
Washington favored greater formality
were addressed to the President as His
Excellency." 1t was said that Washington
preferred His Mightiness," after the fash
ion prevalent in the Dutch republic. But
all frills gradually disappeared and com
munications for years have been addressed
either to The President" to THE Presi-
dent of the United States" or to Mr..
President"
General Pershing has reverted to the
early and long-abandoned formula per-
haps because of the contagion Of the
French example Of formality in address.
But the President remains merely The
President"
The phrase of General Pershing would
mean nothing unusual if used in Portugal,
for every Portuguese in addressing another
calls him Your Excellency," as the com.
mon Portuguese word of address, "Vosse,"
is merely a contraction of the phrase
which in other countries is used only in
addressing persons in high positions
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
THE READERS VIEWPOINT


chN tAc SoAAkh
TO the Editor Of the Evening Public Ledger:
Sir--lt is with special pleasure that I read
your Instructive and historically accurate
article appearing in the issue of the 18th, en-
titled There Must Be a Repentant Germany"
There is absolutely no basis for comparison
between the Confederate South of yesterday
and the Germany of today. II is with the
greatest regret that ! have seen a wide
spread manifestation of ignorance and preju-
dice in regard to this matter. 1t is almost
universal throughout the North and is most
unfortunate.
On the other hand, this attitude is not un-
natural, and l am well aware that If II had
not been for the fact that ! am partly of
southern parentage and that l have lived in
the South / would have come to the same
conclusions and have evolved the same atti-
tude. In other words, | should have learned
from the histories taught in this country
for nifty years or more that the South fought
in the defense of slavery. and that the south
ern people were guilty of barbarous conduct
on the field and behind the lines. 1 recall
distinctly that at the age of ten and eleven
l spent winters in Philadelphia with rela-
tives, and L recall reading issues of Harper's
senting Confederate soldiers s~calping their
prisoners on the field of battle.
Would there were throughout the North
more articles written like the one you have
prepared under the title to which l have re-
ferred. 1t would do much to remove sec
tional prejudice and Misrepresentation. 1t
would help further to unite the country, even
though the South is doing her full share in
support of the flag and the cause.
MATTHEW PAGE ANDREWS.
Baltimore, September 20.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
I~NEXCUSABLE MEANNESS

THERE is neither economic nor moral
;x = Justification in the city's plan to halve
IL - to dependents of its employees in
service. A sense of patriotic obliga-
Hon has inspired many business concerns
70 give to families of employees in the war
difference between the old wages and
Governments. Financial obstacles
have sometimes stood in the way of the
beet Intentions in this matter. BY the
proposed bill listed for consideration in
Councils the city assumes that it is SINH
1nrjy handicapped.
Is absurd pretense. If the mu-
N<cipality as II is now run is really too
.peer to care for public servants willing TO
@F1pk their lives for democracy, the restora-
f1r9 Of s%olvency is a comparatively simple
rlHnir.
Hoot out the chair-warmers. gang super
&11eies and privileged soft-snap holders
f>1oing Philadelphia's income and the
reward for patriots who deserve it
~ made much easier to bestow. The
whose business will go on in spite Of
should be foremost in setting an ex-
~ al employers.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
UNAWED AT THE BARRIER

I'D EFERABLE to the Huns, there is no
~ respect that must give us pause. Time
sawas when the Hindenburg line so intimi-
dated us. Save for Byng's brilliant yet
laundering attack near Cambria nearly a
year ago, comparative stagnation ruled
= en- the Allies side of that barrier of boast
Y fitness for many months of 1917.
BY the war map the present situation
may seem closely akin to that of last au-
tumn. But the resemblance is only super
hciaL. The pressure of French and Eng.
! lish on the line from the Chemin des
e Danes to Lens is as mobile and persistent
yras that of an accomplished boxer on a
l hulking antagonist.
The last week has been one of limited
sharp offensives of interlocking effective.
atness. There is cumulative advancement
a. Toward Cambria, St. Quentin and Laon.
2 There Is a possibility that the menace
l(gainst these three s~trongholds may reach
ITS maximum of intensity all at once.
tt variety of Foch's blows will then
/. have very definite and vivid meaning. One
: " their significant features already is that
awe of Germany's Great Walr' is a thing
o. the past.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
PLENTY OF JOBS FOR HEROES

THIS States preparations to take care
y of it's disabled soldiers disclose both a
courage in facing grim facts and a we'll
ready to make poignant physical sacrifices
for their country, and indeed making them
today, will want something more than
EVEN the most fervent sympathy when
they return. They will want jobs. They
xdll waLt and deserve legitimate places in
the Industrial and social structure-places
primarily dependent neither on conde-
scension nor on charity.
1t is such positions which the State De.
partment of Labor and Industry is en-.
deavoring to round up for brave defenders
Of our liberties. Acting Commissioner Lew
n Palmer has announced that as a result
Of missionaries sent to 900 industrial
s~SIants, 47.321 jobs are found suitable for
permanently injured men.
Even men with lost eyesight are not
snled out from ~self-support. The inves-
st6ation proves that with proper training
Of equipment they can be employed as
'scigarmakers or t~elegraphers. 1t also has
been estimated that 80 per cent of the
.bled soldiers will be able to resume
yeir former occupations.
Pennsylvanians, unafraid to reflect on
the inevitable bitterness of war, may re.
that important steps to establish a
social reimbursement with regard to citizens
worthy of the utmost expenditure of fore
4 sight are well under way.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
THE SENATE WILL MAKE THE BILL
AS JSIfAI

THE House has passed the revenue bill
u after less than two weeks debate, and
now it goes to the Senate.
1t is announced that it will be impossi.
bic for that body to dispose of it before
election. The President was hopeful that
1t might be enacted into law before the
Liberty Loan drive begins next Saturday.
But Congress. which has not adjourned
politics. prefers to postpone the definite
fixing of the new taxes until after the
electors have voted.
And the House also prefers that the
Senate should take the responsibility of
taking out the unwise and foolish provi-
s!Ons which it has inserted in tax bills for
political reasons. The Senate has made
every great financial measure for more
than a generation in spite of the intention
of the trainers of the Constitution thai
financial legislation should originate in the
House. The Senate has on occasion gone
so far as to amend a House bill by omit.
ting everything save the title and sub
stituting an entirely new measure.
The country is hoping that the Sena.
tors will do their duty by this measure
by eliminating from it it's unjust and OPP
pressive features and by distributing the
burdens of the heavy taxes more equit-
ably upon the people.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
What Do You Know?
QUIZ

QUIZ
1. What is tho capital Of Bulgaria.
2. From s%a,i What ssm state does Vice President Mar
8. What ,a, il the origin Of the expression. DENIM
4. What us a casserole?
s. What is an isosceles triangle?
g. What is the meaning of the musical term
I. Who wrote "The Cloister and the Hearth"9
8. What Is the Sale law as applied to the sue.
cessiOn In certain mOnarchies?
o. When did Sir William Blackstone live and
Tor what work Is he particularly notedf
10. What Is the flag Of Turkey?
Answers to Saturdays Quiz
apnointed American ambassador to Great
2. The planet Saturn Is surrounded BY rings Of
luminous gaseous matter.
3. Bob" is the colloauial English term for shill-
4. An escarpment Is u steep bank.
8. A Galore Is . type of light rowboat used in
9. The description of a cabmsn rs a, Jehu ~ an
ailusion 70 this passage In the ninth chapter
OF Second Kings: "And the driving IL like
the driving q Yehg. the son Of Nimshi, for
he driveth furiOusly."
Z. Incunabula are books printed before the year
clothes.
3. "Frryity H. the soul Of wit" Is said nv
Polonius In shakespeare's Hamlet"
o.. TIL. '"or'' feet" rftrp occurring On uaI-t-
!nss aftsr the artists name is Latin 70.
10. Thc ,pam.sli-A merican Wnr opened On Aprii
on August IL 81 the same year.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23

To the Editor Of the Epening Public Ledqer:
Sir-T want to congratulate and thank
the writer of the editorial entitled, us
Lunch a Luxury?" 1t covers the ground COM
pletely. They-the restaurants-to put it
the short way, gouge us three ways-both
ends and the middle. They increase the
price 100 per cent on many articles and
reduce the quantity and the quality of them.
] asked the manager of one of the chain
restaurants why they raised certain articles
100 per cent? He replied that they didn't
want to bother with odd cents! But that
didn't explain the other two gouges.
j. 8. c.
Philadelphia, September 20.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
EVENING PUBLIC |


derwear, as well as rifIt 1@ medf
supplies in vast quantities. Typhoid and
typhus serums used to prevent the spread
Of these diseases come largely from the
great manufacturing druggists here. We
make surgical instruments because the
presence of medical colleges and their
hospitals has made the development of
that industry necessary.
We have cited enough to give some
impression of the variety and extent of
the war activities of the people of Penn
sylvania. 1t would take this whole page
to cover the subject. The reader will
doubtless think of scores of omissions.
but this article will have served its pur-
pose if it helps those away from home to
a realization of what is going on here.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
Liberty Memorial Buildings

The September issue of the American City,
discussing memorials to the American soldiers
that fall in this war, suggests that munich
p~alities. instead of erecting monuments to
the heroic dead, begin now to plan for COM
munity houses, to be known as Liberty
Buildings" which will help the living while
at the same time commemorative the dead.
1t is suggested that the buildings be planned
to include such facilities for recreation,
culture, fellowship and public service as a
practical idealism may suggest, and that
a small city or town. in the larger cities sew
eral may be needed. 1t is an interesting and
attractive suggestion. and doubtless will find
many enthusiastic supporters.-Springfield
Union.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
Member Of the Associated Pres.
LIGHT NEEDED

FUDGE VESSEL has threatened to in.
= stitute a special probe with a view to
determining responsibility for the death
Of a negro who was killed in one of the
police stations during the so-called race
riots of last July.
Only the other day a Chinaman killed
. prisoner who was locked up with him
In q cell at Moyamensing.
Two district detectives at one of the
downtown stations applied the third degree
to a tifteen-year-old boy who was accused
Of the theft of SIS.
Has the time arrived for the periodical
and Inevitable investigation of the police
and prison system in this city?
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
H CHAFFINC DISH

'JNHE Chatting Dish, always passion-
stely serving the public, has in
stalled an u%p-to-date hot.storage room
where the ladies may store their furs
during the winter months.
ENCRS will be kept safely, at the even
simmer temperature they are ac-
customed to.
RI is now quite cool enough to dis
i care summer wraps. Do not delay
this or the frost may get into your furs.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
Try 1t on Your Piano

Former Queen Liliuokalanis genealogical
chart has been considerably smeared up by
one Jonah kuhio Kallanianole, delegate to the
United States Congress from Hawaii, who
says that Liliuokalanis Hawaiian cognomen is
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES, meaning, in
plain English, flash of lightning of the chief
who sleeps along the stream of the Waiaulia."
Lii was socially known as Mrs. Nawahie.-
Savannah News.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
SOCRATES.

The French Foreign Legion. gallant rep
resentatives of which have reached our
shores, has for its motto we never retire ="
which is to say with respect to the foe
these indestructible fighters neither have nor
are resigned.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23

for three years before the Americans had
taken flying seriously. Yet our own aces
are swiftly on their way to places beside
the best of their predecessors, and when
the Liberty motor is finally broken to the
war we probably shall have a Guynemer
of our own.
THIS is saying much; for France went
l. into mourning when Guynemer died,
and every French battleplane that didn't
have other pressing work to do hung
above the earth and watched for his slayer
who was permitted to live just two days
after his great exploit. When Boelke and
Tmmelmann, the great German aces. were
shot down. Germany sorrowed from end
TO end. These men were worshiped by
their people because stresses of war, init
mately felt in France and in Germany,
gave them in popular imagination the as
pect of winged knights ever present to
guard the threatened land.
Most of the great fiers who first made
an art of air fighting are dead. Major
William Thaw and Lieutenant Bert Hall
are the only two survivors of the Lafay-
cite Escadrille. Major Thaw, like DAN
nunzio, has been wounded time after time.
One of his arms is almost helpless. The
sight of one of his eyes is almost gone.
And vet he flies. Hall was invaded home
to America a year ago.
TIME newer brood of American airmen
i have taken to the skies with equipment
that would thrill the older f1.ers to ecstasy
if thew were alive today. The Americans
L...., x,otnr tha most pnuar.
ful air engine in the woxld. They have
not vet been privileged to use 1t extern
sively. 1t is an engine so powerful that
it has torn a%irplanes apart in flight. The
ability of the Americans to put this ma
chine to the best. uses when once they
have the opportunity is being manifested
daily in the work they are doing with
other motors.
And to air fighting the Americans are
contributing something OF novelty. 1t
was Captain Charles j. Biddle, OF this city,
who, after a battle a few weeks ago. had
the honor of taking the first prisoner in
the sky. The incident itself suggests
something of the newer character that
Americans are giving to sky fighting.
CAPTAIN BIDDLE had a long hight a
mile above the earth with a two-seated
German plane. He killed the observer,
who was firing at him with a machine
gun mounted in the rear. The American
aviator, had he followed the usual course,
would have finished off the enemy pilot
with another round and gone TRANQUILITY
upon his way. Instead he spared the life
of his adversary, signaled him to descend,
flew along behind him, landed near the
enemy machine and marched his prisoner
five miles to the American lines.
Eddie Rickenbacker and the other Amer
lean aces have done things quite as spec.
tacular. But of the Americans it may be
said that they. seldom kill unless they
nave to. Many of the German fiiers. on
the other hand, have appeared to find a
peculiar joy in firing even at disabled and
helpless men. They have been known
even to circle about observers who tried
to escape from damaged balloons and kill
them by machine-gun fire as they de-
seconded to earth with parachutes. Immel.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
Friends Wanted

Vorwaerts laments that Germany has so
few friends, but in the works of 'rreitschke,
Bernhard ct al. 1t can find a lucid demon
~stration that the function of a State is not
to make friends, but to exert power.-Spring-
field Republican.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
Synthetic Poems
Workmanship

The rolling barrage of words
Apparently wins z
The argument, "
But Truth is more often hit :,
BY the sniper.
Illustration
A man | knew by sight
And also by hearing
Said, 81 have "a good story
For you"
After | got around the corner
l thought what | should have said:
That is not a story,
1t is an heirloom"
l hurried after him,
But he was gone
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23

News that the civil inhabitants are pre-
pairing to leave st. Quentin is the most
gratifying indication that the uncivil popuIa-
ton will soon follow suit with a permanent
depa rture
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23

The doctrine that half a loaf is better
than none is a dangerous sophistry in war
time, as the Hog Island management has
promptlN realized.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23

The best way to avoid becoming bonds
men OF one type Is to be bondsmen of another
in the Liberty Loan campaign.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23

Those self-denying Y. NJ. C. A.. CHAINS
who are working for nothing in Europe are
the very ones who are working for sone-
thing,
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23

BY the power Of his
with the stress elocution Henry Ward
on Mess BeeCher is said to have
been able to pronounce
the word Mesopotamia in such a way
as TO make people cry. But with Germans
for his audience any Englishman quite de-
void of oratorical technique could draw the
tribute of tears with those syllables any time
he feels like it.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23

The revenue bill is one of the best
answers to the Bill tax originated by a silly
Kaiser, more frigidly called Wilhelm.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23

Speaking or assessment mandates. the
Mayor seems to have started a little Balkan
campaign of his own.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23

No matter what the Turk will say about
1t, the capture by the English of great
stores of supplies and equipment in Pales-
tine demonstrates that they have made
material" progress.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23

In these gripping days secret sneezes
are just as necessary to the worlds physical
health as open diplomacy is to its moral
betterment.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
Patriotism

The German states
Patriotism men lie TO their people
for a living. They
leave it to their misguided soldiers to lie on
the battlefield.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23

The gas shortage in Washington signin-
cantly happens to have been reported lust
when Congress was taking it's Sunday holt
day.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23
Frustration
Charity

They say that a great many brewers
Are pro-German,
But please remember
That tn beer is not responsible
For the opinions of the man
Who makes it.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23

Both Manager Piez and General Crow
der have emphatically resolved that Hog
Island shall not become jog Island.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-09-23

mann and many of the other Continental
fiers fought with an intensity of reckless
fury that carried them often t6 the edge
of disaster. They seldom treated a help
less enemy with mercy.
THE more recent achievements of Amer
lean fiers, who have more than once
accepted great risks in order that they
might spare a helpless adversary, make it
appear that there are two schools of air
fighting. In one the fight only ends when
an enemy is dead. In the other the fier
goes forth to battle as he would go out
to some particularly dangerous sport. Two
books recently written by air veterans
illustrate the essential differences that
may be apparent in the tendencies of air
fighters. Each aviator described his work
in attacking intrenched infantry from a
low altitude. I'VE sprayed them with bull.
let's said the American, land they were
demoraliZed. But l was glad when the
order was issued to turn back. 1t isn't
good sport. The men are too helpless"
ut made my heart leap with delight"
wrote the other aviator-who, as a fighter
with one of the other armies, doubtless
had the memory of poison gas and flame.
to embitter him - ito drop to
about a hundred feet and turn loose on
them with the machine guns and see them
drop or flee like rats for shelter"
THE aviator's tracer bullets have made
l. air fighting a terrible sport. A tracer
bullet has a small cavity filled with a sub
stance that ignites and becomes mean
descent at the instant of firing. When
tracer bullets are fired in Ia stream from
a machine gun they leave a line of light
in the air to guide the g%unner's aim. In
daytime the course is marked by a pencil
of smoke. 1t is with such bullets that the
gasoline ank of enemy machines are
exploded. And one such bullet passing
through an observation balloon will set
its gas atire.
DECENT cables indicate plainly that the
~ American fiers are on the way to add
some new and startling chapters to the
history Of aerial fighting. One airman
wrote recently to say that the new De
Haviland airplanes are "the fastest things
in the air." An airplane is a fragile thing
that is whipped and flung about in the air
and subjected to unbelievable stresses. Yet
all it's delicate adjustments must be main
tanned. The Liberty motor was too power
full for the familiar types of planes, When
it is given wings powerful enough our air
warfare is likely to amaze the world.