davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
KINGS DAUGHTERS MEETING

The monthly meeting of the King:
Daughters Circle, held Wednesday
afternoon at the home Of Mrs. j. L
Fisher, YVES one of unusual value anG
interest
Following an interesting program
of READINGS aira1 ged by Mrs. T. w
Schmidt, Vice-Leader, and reports OF
appeals made during month, a gener-
al discussion was held Of plans fol
broadening and systematizing local
charity, also Of contributing monthly
to a definite form of War Relief
The most urgent of these appeals fo1
aid at present is coming from work
ers among the tragic victims women
and children, in Armenia. It was
unanimously voted that the sum of
$1,000 be sent monthly to the society
in charge of the "Starving Children
Fund" The sums donated are
called to the American Con-
suls and Missionary Board in Ar
menia who are giving their lives in
the work of alternating the misery
that has been thrust on these help
less people.
Mrs. j. L. Fisher was assisting in
receiving by Mrs. J. A. Strauss and
Mrs M. Greenwald.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
StraiGht and Curly Hair.

The question Of the manner Of the
production Of the straight and curly
varieties of the hair has long been a
matter Of conjecture. and hitherto no
satisfactory explanation has been
forthcoming. It is only known that
straight hair is always circular in
section and is usually thicker than
curly hair, ..hich is ribbonlike and
fine. Each hair Is provided with Sc
baceous gland opening into it. togeth-
er with q muscle connected with 1t.
The size Of the gland varies consid-
erably In different individuals and ap-
pears larger and better developed in
the negro races. The muscle connect
ed with each gland has long been rec
oguized as having an influence on the
position Of the hair, causing its erec-
ton By pulling forward the root of the
hair. Such action Of these little mus
cles - displayed when q cat in rage
erects the hair Of its tan or q straight.
haired dog causes the hair Of its back
to rise In, median crest Their in
duence In man IL commonly observed
In the condition known a. goose
skin"
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02

any point of view that you wish to
consider it.
We should understand that money
is not the first thing the Government
wants, but mainly material and la
Dor. Money ranks second
Can we not practice thrift from
now on, to raise money for our Gov
eminent for the purpose Of feeding
clothing, and equipping our soldiers
to save material, so it can 60 to the
making of garments; to give over al
labor possible to governmental use
to save food for the soldiers and fol
ourselves in later years.
To do this, we can buy Thrift
Stamps, abstain from buying un
necessary clothing, use food care
fully, waste nothing, plant home
gardens to grow enough to supply the
household.
We see the reasons for saving, anc
should all realize what vast amount
of good this little does. It has beer
told to US, and made clear to US in SC
many ways that the Nation must be
thrifty, that we cannot avoid doing
our part to win in a righteous cause
to help to crush out autocracy and
crime for the saving of the world
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02

! ! R@ilroad Avenue, offered
'QT the =. best meaning Of fl. pf''s
n Ao'5 which :, he has selected =, s' o.
, Name OF his restaurant ~ as h.
o. Oh. contestants rs tried for the I :1ss
IF'z' offered and the the he ' slev
were presented g. at the Eva, s,Iis
Ih@..'re Friday night and n, s.se'ns
, On by The judges: The f frs, ~, p
, was won by Mr. NJ. Blum p. pf''s
I bn. me merit it of the solution eeats
second prize of $3.50 was N'u' !
him. was sVen
Mr., BUNS version Of the ,,.,,
ing of the word Lots" follov r'e'''
Low prices, quality considered.
| Only the best the market aford,.
me cleanest eating place in to,,,
SerN ice unsurpassed; po];tono. '''l'
ways n
The paragraph defining tho r
ing OF Lots" by Mr.. Greenw.M -,
lows: N iOl'
Lots means many THINGS
know wv
In summer months, as well as s,..
Lots IS a man who will alw.r, !,
right,
he opens a restaurant that n,o,.,
and bright;
Lots" of good things you'll oet >.
eat,
From pies to everything best in me,,
Lots of courtesy you will get
That's what Lots" means vou -,
bet 1
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
Community Cooperation
COPYRIGHTED FARM AND RANCH HOLLANDS MAGAZINE

ard. They are the same wherever
they are found, in the big store or
the little store, the downtown store
or the suburban store, the city store
or the country store.
By placing his trademark OF
brand name on the package, the
manufacturer Identifies his product
and thus assumes responsibility for
the quality and for correct weight
and measure. By so doing, he stakes
his reputation upon the product and
therefore MUST give satisfaction
with every package.
You get STANDARD VALUE
when you buy STANDARD ADVER.
TISED GOODS.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
Home Obedience

In discussing criminals a thinker
said: II firmly believe that the re-
sponstbillty for the majority Of crimes
rests not upon the criminals themselves,
but upon the shoulders Of their pa.
rents!" At first that may sound like
q very extreme statement, but upon
second thought is It after all an exag-
geration? The speaker followed up
his first statement with a second: "A
child who IS not taught the value Of
obedience In the home will be less like
" to respect the laws enacted by COM
munities for the good Of that larger
family-humanity."
From this point Of view the obedi-
ence of little folks assumes mammoth
proportions. for they are not only chill
dren, but citizens in the making.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
ADVERTISING PROTECTS THE
CONSUMER

When you buy an advertised brand
of any food product you are pro-
tected against under-weight, short
measure, misrepresentation and ov-
er-charge.
For the manufacturer has, through
advertising, standardized his prod
uct. Every package is the same in
size, weight, quality and price as ev-
cry other package bearing that la
bel.
You are thus protected against
the practices of INSCRIPTIONS deal
ers, for advertised goods are stand
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
Aoave Tree Of Mexico.

Chinese history records that one Hui
Shen. Buddhist priest, a native Of
Cabul, in the year 400 returned to
King Chow, capital of the dynasty OF
Isl. bringing with him from the coun-
try Of Fusang. where he had been
acting Us a missionary, a number of
curious articles as gifts for the en-
peror. Among these were a material
resembling silk. with very strong
threads, and a mirror. From the de-
s"-tnions tho former II believed 70
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
RED CROSS DANCE

The Berwick Unit A. R. Cross will
give dance tonight at the Woodmen
Hall in Berwick. A good time is
promised and the cause is a good
and needy one. To enable Morgan
City people to go to the dance, Mr..
Orackett will run the ferry FREE.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02

Any little wound or abrasion of
a bad sore and is difficult to heal.
Apply BILLIARDS. SNOW LINZ
MENT at once when such accidents
happen. The wound heals promptly
the flesh occurring in cold weather
that is not promptly treated becomes
and soon does away with the annoy
ance of bandage. Price Csc, SOC
and $1.O0 per bottle. For sale by
BELANGER DRUG co.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
Horrors of the Sea.

A ship doctor on an English lin :
notified the death-watch steward an
Irishman, that man had died Ia state,
room number 45. The usual instruc-
lions to bury the body We're given.
Some hours later the doctor peered
into the room and found that the body
was still there.
He called the matter to the attention
to the I1shman, who replied:
II thought you said room number 46,
I whit in there and seen wan of thin
in a bunk. Are We deady says l: NO
says he, but I'm pretty near dead So
was getting ready to bury him."
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
THE NECESSITY OF NATION
THRIFT.

Miss Maude Kemper of the Frank
lin High School writes letter on
Thrift"
We are now in period of strife
and. suffering. The Nation must
spend money and use its material
carefully and wisely; the Govern
lnent needs money, and also, not de-
lnands, the necessary amount. They
must give it, but it will return to
them later, with interest. The peo-
rle are not all able to give easily, and
the steady use of thrift is the only
way for them to do it.
Material is even more necessary
than money. Our men are fighting
end must have clothes, but we all
bay clothes for ourselves and plenty
OF them, and there are none left for
the men. 1t is not only selfish, but
-',patriotic in us to do this, and we
Pc that it is because we have not
stopped to think over the matter, and
realize what we are doing. Men are
hing drafted very fast now, and
t'-air places in the manufacturing
rid are left vacant. Their labor
is needed more, now, than ever, to
make soldiers outfits, and the peo-
pie should see to it, that as much of
that labor as possible, will 20 to the
.Geat national use, to clothing our
men who are fighting for freedom
and right. National thrift is a de-
cided necessity, and W must be
made to realize it.
Another necessary article which is
being wasted, is food. We have been
asked to sign pledge cards, saying
th~t we will economic on meat and
-'heat. We have signed them, but
"a not live up to the pledge justly.
We have certain wheatless and meat
'''s~ days, but on the other days, we
cat an over-amount, and waste it too.
This is not thrift and we know it.
III, government has taken all Of the
BUSINESS houses into hand and has
REGULATED their. abundant usage Of
cal and light. They have complied
Nth the new regulations very well
and coal is being saved.
II the public factions can do their
ra''. so willingly, why can not we, as
private citizens do equally as well.
We have not only the soldiers and
ssilors abroad to care for at present,
~. the ones at home in the camps.
Pneamonia has struck the camps
simply because there are not enough
overcoats and boots to 90 around.
Do not feel that if you sit down and
INIT Red Cross sweater or two,
that it viii excuse you owning three
ovarcoats and four pairs Of leather
s.aocs, and many wooden dresses or
sits. You must save on all sides,
nnd you saving in one particular !
s.M not do the most good.
Also, w must consider our predic-
Fstert, ~ win be in a few years,
Fho'ssd tMar continue. We will be
rsithout fuel and food, not because
r.c shall not have the money to buy,
Y sbeeanse thsrs win Be nothing to
~ 4 q : serious question from
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
TRINITY CHURCH.

IKINITY CHUNCH.
February 3rd, Services begin at
7:3O P. M.
The Right Reverend Davis SEES
sums, D. D., Bishop of Louisiana,
will hold Confirmation Services and
preach.
All friends invited.
Sunday School and Bible Glass at
10 A. M.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02

mIss,casfT. -fEfanx.~ ZIG uuue: a.-,
applied to the country. and the lat
ter is believed to have been not I'M
like mirrors used In Mexico and other
parts Of the American continent.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
JUNIOR CHRISTIAN ENDEAvoR

Topic-Joy, a Fruit Of the Spirit.
Hymn 20
Reading on Topics-Lelia Walker.
Hymn 90.
Prayer-Leader.
Scripture Reading-Gal. 5:22 and
John 1911.
Hymn 157.
Recitation-Myrtle Harris.
Song-Cassius Jolly.
Report of Treasurer.
Reading Of the minutes.
Hymn as.
Reading-Ralph Squires.
Hymn 90.
Mizpah.
Beginning with this meeting the
Society will open at four and close
at five -
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
In the Snashup.

In the Smashup.
"Were the parties in the automobile
accident made nervous by the cars
turning Over?"
swell, they were very much upset"
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
A Boiling Crisis

A Boiling Crisis.
''They say the hotels are facing a
cook famine"
"Ah, that is one over which the pub
lc will stew until 1t roasts the hotels"
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
(The end.)

Mr.. NJ. Blum Wins Lots Res
taurant Prize
Mr.. L. j Boudreaux, who has
Just opened a new restaurant on
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02
:'| = cs 0s':sS'SV@@~~v@VS
Copyright. 1917, Wheeler Syndicate I.cA
By BOOTH TATKIr,cTC..g

l :.
.au swiftly Gut upol ne Trent pnrcn
:, hero c0io-ed boy, With a bucket OF
SOAP water N one hand. and q scrub
hin, brush in the other, stood gazing
l.. the direction Of Periods evnnish
ment. Robert seized upon the bucket,
and was back III the hall, and had the
goldfish in the soapy water almost
instantly, Hopping rather feebly, but
alive.
"Quick!" he said to Margaret. Get
pail of clear water. I don't know if
they can live in these suds more than
q minute. Don't stand there! Hurry"
And when she returned with the pail
he whispered to her: "Tll bring you
another glass bowl for them this after
noon. Don't fretv'
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02

Morgan City Daily Review deliy,
cred at your home Acc . month
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1918-02-02

| uOUu. LON IIGC J.
"My hat!" said Mr.. Bits. " be.
lieve that little brute has ruined it.
| declare it's too bad"
That was why Margaret went walk
| ing, little later, instead Of driving.
And yet Ethelbert had given her the
goldfish, in the first place!
A week later, this young man came
forth melancholic from an interview
with Miss Schofield. He had received
the information from her-in a gen.
eral way-there We're times in a girls
life when the man who appeals to her
must be Of the general type Of a
senior in college; and that-generally
speaking-if a girl feels that way, the
best thing she can do may be-in gen.
eral-to "wait" for that senior. Gen
orally speaking, she added. she be-
lieved so.
As Mr.. Bits walked gloomily down
the street he passed grocers wagon
which bore the title, "JacOb r. Krish
& Co." Attached to the wagon was an
elderly bay horse, and attached to the
elderly bay horse was black tail.
And on the other side of the horse,
concealed from the view of Mr.. Bits,
stood two boys, staring morbidly at
the black tail.
Eyes, sir" said Sam Williams, "a
niger told me that the reason mile
never turned to a snake was because
you have to keep it three weeks with
out ever lookin' at 1t. If you look at
it even once. just to see how it's get
TIM along, it's spoiled. Well, we kept
lookin' at 'em-a hundred times day,
I bet-and that's what was the mat
ter with 'em! That's why they didn't
turn"
Mine woulda!" insisted Penrod lat
terly. 'There wasn't anything wrong
with mine. Mine woulda turned, any
way!"
Mr.. Ethelbert Magsworth Bits did
not overhear this conversation. And If
he had. he could not have understood
1t. Much less could he have traced
any connection between hair from
the tail Of Jacob r. Kirsh's elderly
horse and the fact that Ethelbert Mays
worth Bits was destined to remain I'M
willingly bachelor.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19
MEMBERS OF THE D. A. r. PLAN
= SEASON OF ACTIVE WORK AT
s THEIR FIRST REGULAR MEETING

The first regular, meeting of Min.
ishoshe Chapter, D. A. r. was held
yesterday atSt the Couptry club. OF the
70 resident members, "A were in at.
tendance. Mrs. j. NJ. Martin, chapter
regent, presided.
The meeting opened with the sing.
ing Of America" after which the ID
A. h. ritual was read, and the Oath
Of Allegiance" taken Roll call fol.
lowed, after which Mrs. Martin gave
a, summary Of the war work done by
the National Society D. A. R. during
the past year as follows:
The national society during the
past year has purchased Liberty bonds
to the extent Of $7,56S,769 through
it's chapters and individual members
it has paid $35,766 Tor thrift stamps:
$1,2l4.25O was given the Red Gross,
Y. NJ. CA: and Y. VIC. A. and othe ;
war relief societies; $5249O4 for knit
ted garments; $411,278s for comfort
kits; $4O.140 was contributed to
french war orphans. and other
amounts to various charities One
thousand sixty war orphans have been
adopted. Ohio Being the banner state,
nothing 205 of them. There have been
approximately 10000 members of
the society since it was organized in
1896. and there are somewhat over
100000 living members a: present.
Various matters of interest to the
chapter were discussed after which
the bylaws for the local chapter, were
discussed. The hour growing late this
part Of the business was not complet.
ed, but was left until the next meet.
ing. $tny
The program complittee gave its re.
port and the meeting adjourned to
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19

meet the last Friday in OCTOBER al
the home of Mrs. Martin.
Light refreshments were served and
a donation of $10.50 given to the Red
Cross.
Officers of Minishoshe Chapter, d
A. r., are:
Regent-Mrs. J. NJ. Martin.
First vice-regent-Mrs. Minnie G.
Budlong.
|, Second, vicefegent- Mrs. E. J. >Tay
lor. -sr
Recording secretary-Mrs. L. E
Maynard.
Corresponding secretary = Mrs
Chas. Wash5urn. ,..,
Urea surer-Mrs. N. O. Ramstad.
IRegistl ar-.NIrs. E. A. Thorberg.
Hislorian-Mrs. d. T. owens.
The following members have beer
appointed state chairmen, by the state
regent, Mrs. George NJ. Young,
: Magazine committee-Mrs. c. w
McGray.
Preservation of historic spots-Mrs
u. w. RichLolt.
Historical research and preservation
of Reoords-Mrs. Minnie c. Budlong.
To prevent dissertation of the flag
Mrs: D.. T. Owens.
Conservation-Mrs. n. q. Ramstad.
Children of the American Revolution
Mrs. J. NJ, Martin. T. y
These chairmen are members of the
national committees, working under a
national chairman. z'
Organizing members Of Minishoshe
chapter. .D-~A. r., Bismarck, are: Miss
Ethel Barnes. Miss Emma Bell, Mrs
Minnie c.: Budlong. Mrs. c. l.. Burton
Mrs. George Buzzelle, Mrs. S. D. Cook
Mrs. r.. L. Conklin, Mrs. H. S. Dobler
Mrs. o. n. Durham, Mrs. TT. Har
ris, Miss Mary iHinkley. Miss Vivian
Irish, Mrs. A. E. Jacobson, Mrs. J. NJ
Martin. MS. !. E. Maynard. Mrs. c.
w. McGray, Mrs. D. T.. Owens. Mrs.
~. o. Ramstad, Mrs: H. w Richholt'
Mrs. B. X. Skeels, Mrs. H. H. Steele,
Mrs. Carl E.. Tallmadge Mrs. II. J.
Taylor. Mrs. f. "A. Thofberg. Miss
>Aldyth Ward. Mrs: Chas: ashburn;
Mrs. George F.. Will.
or, the 81 organizing members, %
are residents of Bismarck.
One week from tomorrow. Sept. p,
will be Red Cross day for the City
+ ederation of/Women's clubs at the
Country club.
This is the day Of the regular meet
ing of the City. Federation. anti the
business meeting will occupy the first
part of the afternoon.
1t lis hoped that all club members
will plan to attend this meeting,
whether delegates from stheir respec'
tive clubs to the City Federation or
not Autoes will be provided to take
all who can arrange to go, and light
refreshments will be served. A cbllec'
tiOhh fGfa the Red Cross will be taken
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19

, One big lot Of novelty voiles for dress. Values ~
up to SOC. Friday and Saturday ~
Another lot of voiles, Values up 90
to SIPS at ~. AON
Cheese cloth, all you want to g.
White s cotton crepe Regular SOC quail 22c
REMNANTS REMNANTS REMNANTS
AT GREATLY REDUCED PRICES
Crib blankets CO.
:. Crib blankets $l.25
P Ss1sh az, ssst ssf.r Rsss . value 89c
,s cott91 saal'ies &c
.
PHOENIX hosiery, Friday and Saturday at 89c
This sale for strictly cash. No aprovas charges and
~ no refunds +. ss
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19
Has War Relies Show.

A. X. Clifford, a Canadian veteran
who served for thre years, with the
25th and ,S0th infantry in France, is in
the city with a notable collection OF
war relics which he has on display
here The Canadian is personal
friend of Sergeant Havelock. a Bis
marck boy who is one of the forty
survivors of the original Princess
Pats. and who has been mustered out
of the Service for disability and who
now Relocated at MinOt. H. VIZ 4
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19

I'VE have got to win this war and I
am going to help Uncle Sam do it."
declared Joseph Schneider, proprietor
OF Sehneider's Cash. grocery. who to-
day authorized the announcement that
he would dispose Of his merchandise
and take up any branch of service In
which he was wanted.
He has had some experience in fight
ing in Russia. There are enough
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19
Resumes Duties.

Miss Anna Albertson, who is IN
training at the Bismarck hospital, has
resumed her duties after enjoying a
two weeks vacation at her home In
Middle River, MINI. T>
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS NuptjaIs,

u = NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. IVUpVIdJS.
Friends in Bismarck are in receipt
Of cards from Mr.: Frank ROrchert an
nouncing the marriage of his daughter
Charlotte Dorathy, to Mr.. Benjamin p
Orthmeyer of Hazelton, on Monday
September g
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19

Cross. Plans for the event are now
being made and details will 'be an
nounced later. The organization hopes
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19
Resumes, Glasses.

Miss Grace Myers has returned from
a two weeks sojourn at Detroit Lake
and has resumed her classes at the
family home on ROsser street.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19
Mrs. Burnstad Here.

Mrs. C. p. Burnstad of Burnstad is
here attending her little ,five-year.old
daughter who is undergoing surgical
treatment at the Bismarck hospital.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19
Big Chris Gets Raise.

s:s8.The city commission in it's budget
sAast evening increased the wages Of
NEhief Martineson to $500 a year.
"Big Chris has been doing some good
work and has run the police depart
ment efficiently. and at low cost con-
sidering the rapid increase iD the cost
of labor.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19
To Give Gard aPrtx

st. Mary's Sodality will give a card
party and entertainment for the bene-
fit of the Red Cross Friday evening in
the Il. G. Hall. 100 .'
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19
A Correction.

C. H. Pherril purchased the load of
wood auctioned in front of the City
National bank last week. He paid $12b
for the wood. The purchaser was CIV
en- enormously as William Farrell. !
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19
To Give Dance,

-, To Give Dance.
: The Daughters of Isabella will give
a dance at the Country club, Monday
Sept. 80. for the benefit OF the Red
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19
Methodist Supper.

Those who have charge Of the Nc
Cabe Methodist church supper this
evening anticipate a large crowd. The
ladies of the church have spared no
pains in preparing the menu. The
proceeds will 60 to a worthy cause.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1918-09-19
"GOT TO WIN THIS WAR
SAYS JOE SCHNEIDER, SO WILL
SACRIFICE STORE AND ENLIST

grocery stores in Bismarck now and
mine is'not needed. may be able to
help over there or here as the case
may be- Uncle Sam can put me any
where he wants to"
Schneider is fOrty-five years. just
within the draft by narrow margin.
He will sell out. at cost as soon as
possible and make application for in
duction into Uncle Sans service.
to make this one Of the most success
full events held at the club for the
benefit of tn cred Cross.