davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05

Secretary Of walzIe||s / / Senate
That Democracy Has De-
stroyed MI|t& ~ Caste.

WASHINGTON, u H.: 3.-snobbery
is not an army characteristic or is it
tolerated, writes Setfetary of War
Baker in answer to senate resolu-
ton of inquiry on thfsssubject.
Frequently in a country like this,
the secretary said, the advantage of
education and culture is in favor of
the soldier. Nevertheless safety de-
mands that the soldieEtand officer ac-
quire, by continuoussEand unvarying
practice, the habit instant obedi-
ence to his superior. W.
I'm the emergencykof battle, when
every condition fehds to distract
mems attention and peril is on every
side, safety for a command frequently
lies only in its organized and co-ordi-
mated activity, and this can proceed
from one inspirations alone-the in
slant, unquestioning compliance by all
with the voice of authority There is
no time to debate; no opportunity to
consider The men must have ac-
quired their rule Of action-attention
and obedience to command. This habit
cannot be created in emergency and
forgotten under other circumstances:
~Ns ASouAt' AIO1ll SpE6CLlC0 "0lC0
tolerates no exceptions, either of per-
sons or occasions. 49, $
1.-THE relationship between officers
and men, therefore, must be so ar
ranged as to lead tosthis indispensable
result, but this is entirely consistent
with respect, sympathy and mutual
consideration, and the best officers
are those who have most completely
won the affection Of their men.
While here and there instances un-
dloubtedly occur of thoughtless and in
considerate conduct ON. the part Of
$officers complaint
on the part Of the men. who have
failed to understand the just obliga-
tions of 4this disciplinary relation
ship, ! am still persuaded that In
the great army we now have in the
field and in training there is grow
ing realization. that it is both possible
and useful to be faithful to military
discipline and at the same time to
the democratic ideals Of our coun-
try"
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05
CH|NESElAB0R?
SAvE:RA|LR0ADS
Road Bed Run Down Because
Com panies Refuse TO Pay
White Mans Wage.

SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 3.-At a
hearing conducted by the state rail-
road commission to ascertain the
transportation conditions in Califor-
MIA, officials of the Southern Pacific
railroad said the road bed was ''run
down" because of the failure to Sc
cure lack of skilled and unskilled
labor at wages which the railroad can
afford to pay"
The solution, according to these Of
ficials, is not to raise wages, but to
have the government permit the ad-
mission OF Mexican and Chinese labor
regardless of immigration laws.
Last year this Company produced
profits of over II per cent to it's stock
holders. This is gain of 2.63 per
cent over the previous year. Includ-
ing water" Southern Pacific has out
standing stock of nearly a third of a
billion dollars.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05
Low WAGE EMPLOYERS CRY labor
SHORTAGE ADJUSTMENT IS NEEDED
Samuel Gompr Points Agencies to Assist
III the Distribution of Laborers Them to
Re-Adjust Themselves.
BY PRESIDENT GOMPERs, in American
Federationist.

BY PRESIDENT GoMPERs, in American
Federationist.
An employer who can not at once secure the
workers he needs even for temporary PURPOSES at
once raises the cry of scarcity of labor EMPLOYERS
VINO offer low wages and poor conditions find it,
claim a labor shortage" Other EMPLOYERS who
desire to employ workers with less skill or those
likely to be more tractable, such as women .un-
accustomed to organization for their own defense
utze the plea OF scarcity of workers as the reason
for the innovation. :--.s..s
Some industries connected with war work have
greatly increased their capacity to meet the present
demands. Such industries as the logging ramns
that have permitted miserable surroundinqs hona
ing, and provisions for their employees now find It
extremely difficult to sufficient number of
dustries. ~ 'o4A -
Men are unwilling to work for low wages and
IN oegraa1ng conditions at any time and particular
~ so wnen there are many opportunities for en-
with the workers side Of the problem declare +hat
no real scarcity of workers exists Thev deciare
tnat the present condition is the result of NAL
adjustment of workers and inadeouacv Of aponc;a,
to secure better adjustment @>>.
, In some trades, particularly the building tradess
tnele are "orkmen out of employment. AS the
tsnaency t IS to discourage building operations and
tnus TO release building materials for war needs
IL Is PROBABLE that even greater numbers ofablild-
ing traoesmen Will be seeking employment JET :.
considerable part Of the agitation about
scarcity OF workers is due to the professional IL
terest OF private employment agencies Quite a
considerable portion is due also to those interests
tnac are trying to prepare the public mind -.
approve legislation for conscription work "a 7faw
slole opportunity for editorials upon the necs.sitv
TOT industrial conscription and for news articles
tuatne1ing toat that general policy AS matter 81
1act the workers of this country are Loyalty doing
tne'r part Tor war production. They are fiehtine
tne battles .of democracy, not only in foreirns
coun'rles' out In our shops and mines and mills.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05

protest against Industrial exploitation Is in
furtherance of American ideals of work and life.
What Americas workers asking is square
deal and opportunity to- assist in produc-
ton with honesty and conviction
Industrial conscription means loss of freedom
to wage earners. Industrial conscription is incom-
patible with American institutions and with the
spirit and purpose of the war.
The proposal has an appeal to those who do not
consider very far below the surface of things. 1t
seems to afford a method for the elimination of
all friction and all interference with continuous
production, but the way to enforce compulsory
work has never been found. Wherever industrial
conscription has been tried in foreign countries
a war measure, it has, proved a failure. Great
Britain has warned us against the measure. But
discussion OF conscripion is not the real problem
The problem is to establish cooperation between
all forces to secure necessary production.
In the last analysis the fate of the present war
rests upon production. Those countries that shall
be able to- organize production: upon such basis
that their output will exceed the waste in the war
will be the victors. Production is no longer
problem that be isolated from the rest Of the
national life. 1t is nationwide problem that in
wolves every inhabitant in the country, every re-
source and particle of wealth. All must be mo-
bzed in the most intelligent way for cooperation
in production. One of the fundamental labor war
problems, therefore, is the problem of adjustment
Adjustment agencies must be national in scope and
must be in intimate touch with both employers and
! employed In other words, these adjustment
the government, of employers, and Of employees
The national machine is dependent upon local CO,
operation This work clearly comes under the pro-
vince OF the department of labOr.S1stsa -
For some time the department. has been trying
to deal with the problem, but has been exceedingly
hampered by inadeQuate appropriations made by
congress- During the last congress, the depart
ment asked for an appropriation Of $750,0o0 for
this purpose Congress granted them only $780,
900 Tor this which is, one OF. the most important
war problems The department. however, Is pre-
pairing to do its best within the limits of that ap-
propriation. Organized labor has done and will,
j do its full share to cooperate. as, # SL&,
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05

Eel! Down low! Completely When
Called Upon to Meet Crisis.
No Cars; No Coal.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 3.-The fed
eral trade commission blnmes the
coal shortage to faulty car distribu-
zion. It is stated that with the mar
ket. at unheard-of-prices labor is
often standing idle at the mines and
production is limited as compared
with the possible productive capacity.
The railroads fell down completely
wn~ the crisis came. They were un-
able to, meet the nations demand
That is why Uncle Sam took them
over: The commission says:
I'VE find that mine labor is being
d1sorganized by reason of irregular
employment and forced ;idleness, and
that in some fields, bituminous mines
are working only three or four days
a. week and that: willing labor and
willing operators are standing idle
half the time.
In other fields where there is
now a more nearly adequate cor sup
ply the irregularity of car supply in
months past has so disorganized and
discouraged labor that these mines
are not now nearly at full capacity OF
production. The irregularity and un-
certainty of employment has caused
the miners to be tempted to leave
the mines and go into other employ
ments, and, having left, it is difficult
to bring them back. ~
'The commission believes that there
are enough coal cars in. the country,
but that there are not enough coal
cars delivered to the mines, and that
an inadequate supply having been de.
livered@ to the mines and loaded
these cars are not moved to- the
point of consumption either with; the
greatest of expedition, nor are they
promptly discharged upon their ar
rival at their destination - -. =. :.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05
PYARDMEN ] :.
f':> = = y
SETTLE UP and
Get Good GAIN
All Is Serene on Pacific Coast;
Get Together Spirit Prevails
at Patriotism's Call,

WASHINGTON, Jan. 3.-Represen-
tatives of the navy department, fed
eral shipping board, A. F. of L. metal
trades department and Pacific coast
ship yard workers have needed the
call OF patriotism and have adjusted
wage differences of west coast ship
yard workers.
Last summer these workers de-
manded a Sc rate and the shipping
board sent an adjustment commits
sion to the Pacific coast. An award
of $5.25 was made. This award was
protested by the workers, who also
showed that several crafts, including
steam engineers, firemen, oilers, wa
ter tenders, asbestos workers, metal
polishers and structural iron work.
ers, were overlooked.
AS result rates are increased 10
per cent over the adjustment COM
missions decision, making the Pa
cltlc coast wage $3.50 instead of
1925. On Feb. the adjustment COM
mission will investigate living costs in
that section and if it is shown that
these costs are in excess of the 10 per
cent, an award totaling the differ
ence will be made.
The award was signed by Franklin
I II. Roosevelt, acting secretary of the
! navy; representatives of the shipping
| board and the federal department OF
! labor and James O'Connell, presiden,
OF the A. +. Of L. metal trades de-
partment; ]. A. Franklin, president
OF the Brotherhood Of Boiler Makers
and John I. Nolan, member Of the
executive board of the international
| iron Molders' union, representine
Joseph Valentine, president.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05
PRIVATE DETECTIVE Held.

PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 3.-samuel
IT, Maloney, head: OF a private de-
tectlVe agency, has been indicted by
the grand jury on charges of conspir-
acy to murder and to prevent a free
and fail election. This indictment is
the result Of election scandals last
september when a policeman was
murdered by a. New York gun man
who has been sentenced to prison for
a long term 80? & - 80
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05

There was no mincing of words at
the ednesdax-niEbt bt~aaanquet.. EVERY
speaker. hit straight from the. sfloul-5
der. Otto Swanstrom Of the Diamond
Calk Horseshoe company had the real,
message to present to his audience,
Mr. Swanstronl, by the sheer force Of
his character; has successfully oper-
ated an industryfin Duluth in the face
OF unbelievable discrimination. He
showed to his hearers that steel was
being manufactured in Duluth at
prices ranging from seven to nine dol
lars a ton sheaper than it was being
made at Pittsburgh. With, a steel
mill at the door Of his factory, MAX
ing steel cheaper here than elsewhere.
through discriminating method OF
price fixing, he is compelled, to- buy
steel for his product at the Pittsburgh
price, plus the freight rate on such
from Pittsburgh to Duluth. He de-
clared< that the freight rate alone. on
100 pounds Of horseshoes from Pitts
burgh to Duluth amounted. to sixty
cents. The average profit on a keg Of
horseshoes is but thirty-five cents.
Some of his business. he said was
transacted at loss in the hope that
he might keep certain trade until the
time when this injustice shall have
been made right.
Craig Talks Straight.
- Charles P. Craig delivered a most
able address in Which he pointed out
the iniquity Of the steel trust method
in price fixing. He ridiculed the areu-
ment that the agitation now being
carried. on was unpatrfotic. He, did
not propse to be sidetracked yby the
pretensive claim that the time of the
steel trust officials was so occupied in
supplying the nation with it's war
needs that they did not have the time
now to give attention to price read
justment. He discussed the steel in
dustry from every. standpoint, from
that OF the laborer, the business man,
the manufacturer and the miner. He
declared that when the Steel Corpora
ton was first formed 1t. was ever-cap-
:, italized and would since have been
wrecked had it not been able to fall
back on its great iron holdings in
Minnesota, the value Of which equalled
the amount of its commoh or watere,l
stock. He maintained that the steel
trust owed more to Duluth and Min.
nesota than it owed to any other com
munity on earth. He said he was nor
'unfriendly to the steel trust and when
this question had been settled it would
be proven that the people OF Duluth
We're acting in its best interests. 1--WE
can see,"' he reasoned. where the
price-fixers of the steel trust seemed
to be blind" 5s9
Hartley Knows Game.
1t was pointed out by. Mr.. Hartley
and other speakers that the Great
Northern and Northern Pacific rail-
roads, from Staples and Sandstone to
the coast, had arranged their train
schedules in such manner as to favor
the Twin Cities as against Duluth and
Superior. ..... s...s. 6.
Territory for trade purposes which
properly belongs to Duluth because OF
its nearness to this city as compared
with the Twin Cities is ruthlessly
taken away from us through the most
brazen system OF railroad time table
manipulation ever devised by mali
cious mind. At Staples east and west
bound trains have the habit OF pulling
out OF the station Just a. the Duluth
train is pulling Ia. and passengers are
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05

Director General McAdoo NAV be-
lble to solve the problem without
Ealing in the aid of the Board of
Hedlatlon and Cancellation. which was
Teated five years ago, under the
seWlands Act, to handle railroad in
Mstrial disputes affecting train crews
'wltchmen and telegraphers. This
board has settled every big DISPUTE
except that of the general eight-hour
lay. which congress and threat Of
strike mad to settle. Hundreds of
MINOR grievances are adjusted through
ts help. This week it settled the. dis
>ut between the Ba1Iimore & Ohio
IND its telegraphers over a general
: wage increase and extra pay for Sum
lay work. The award was a compro-
MISE, but it satisfied the men for the
present time.
Men Stand To Win.
If the 40 per cent wage increase ,s
either granted Or compromised by
McAdoo, the brotherhoods will have
- scored an immediate trump over
nose who claim that the new "boss"
s going to be hard one to deal with.
the Director General shall for any
feason decide to send the DISPUTE
through the usual cnannels to the
Board of Mediation and Cancellation
le will still probably concede a set
"lement which will come pretty near
:. the original demand.
, Nlne out OF ten men whom you ask
bout it, here in Washington, will tell
'ou that the Government is going to
'wn as well as operate the roads, and
hat the 100000 men who maintain
md operate the roads will from now
m be public employees. The railroad
brotherhood officials, except for
- President Garretson of the Conduc-
ors, have refused to assume that this
5 the situation. Nevertheless they
lave been prompt to get an under
tand1ng with the Government as to
ust how railroad workers are to be
.ealt with. This understanding is sat-
Pfactory to the men. The agreements
hat have prevailed, as to the settle
- 1ent of every kind Of grievance, will
:emain in force. Anti-labor fanatics
you'd call this a closed-shop asree-
aent with Uncle Sam. Others will
all it common sense.
Government To Be Fair.
OF course the brotherhoods CON-
rise only about one-fourth of the
ptal number of railroad employees
he part represented by the federated
hop crafts, the switchmen, the
relght clerks, the telegraphers and
ne trackmen in the American Fed.
ration of Labor have not yet secured
III the pledges they would like, from
he new "boss." But they are conf.
ent that there can be only one policy
8 between the Government and its
abroad employees. They will expect ia
ave their wage demands taken up In
egular course, and to have a wage ad-
1stment machinery established which
I'll correspond to the special board
rreated by the Newlands Act for the
perative trainmen. .''-
Discussing the need for recognition
not only the existence but the. con-
;ructlve value and the patriotic serv-
'es OF the union movement in time of
ar, H. E. Wills, national legislative
gent of the Locomotive Engineers.
'ld your correspondent that it was
nthinkable that the Government
:ould permit these values to be des-
''oyed by the arbitrary will OF any
IAN, high or low ~,' ~ q .i1,<<**7E
For our part" he said, 1--WE have. a.
,mpathy for those who have: found
-. (Confinnei 1,o-,7 - q $500 = -s
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05
RAILROAD hit HARD
BY ExPL L0SI0N SUIT

. JERSEY CITY, N. j., Jan. 3.-A
glass insurance company has won
Its suit for damages against the
Lehtgh Valley railroad as a re-
suit Of an exploslon of war muni-
tions at Black Tom, ON July 80,
; last year. The suit was to recover
on 600 claims aExreratinr over
$4,000. The company put in no
defense to the charge that 1T was
not cautious I'm handling these ex-
ploslves. The verdict is looked
upon as a test in. other suits for
% claims estimated to aggregate
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05

MANY new YORK SCHOOL
CHILDREN ARE uNDERFED

NEW YORK, Jan. .3.-More than
0ne-e1ghth of all school children
In this city are undeFfed and one
quarter OF them are In need of
medical care. according to city
-ncaitn inspectors, who have just
children I'm all the schools. The
health authorities find that mall
nutrition. Of children constitutes
q serious health problem, and one
that Ii now more clearly recog-
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05
USE SHORTAGE 0F:LAB0R"
TALK TO EMPLOY WOMEN

MOUNT CARMEL, Pa, Jan, g.
The susquehanna Colleries company
has appointed the first woman weigh
master in the anthracite region. The
company has given notice that it will
receive applications from. women for
positions in other departments.
The claim for this innovation lis
scarcity of labor" although miners
are leaving this Industry because of
short time due to a shortage Of cars.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05
.1,421, 900 WORK WOMEN.

LONDON, England, Jan. s.-since
the war started 1,421,Ooo. English
women have entered paid employ
.ment, according to government re-
port. There are 100000 in, govern
ment departments, $4,000 in the
transport systems, $4,000 in. banking,
$4,000 in industries, and $4,000 in
commerce zzsi - - 2 = - >
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05
WARNS PROFITEERS.

TALLAHASSEE, Fla, Jan. "a
final warning to retail grocers who
are guilty of profiteering has been
issued by Brayton Beacham, food ad-
nainistrator. The next offender re-
ported will be ''jailed instantly" he
says.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05
CIGAR MAKERS WIN.

BOSTON, Jan. 3.-Two thousand
organized cigar makers have raised
wages as the result Of a strike. On
10-cent cigars rates will be increased
81 q thousand: s:On 5-cent> goods, the
increase will be~ SO cents; ana ~
cents for packers.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05
FACTORY GIRLS WIN STRIKE. ,lIal

MAHoNoY CITY, r. Pa. Jan. g.
Union textile girls have won their
two-months' strike, The union, is
recognized, wages are increased 20
perecent, with time and .one-han: for
overtime. No girl will be discrimin-
ated against because OF union activ-
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05

The Labor World is endeavoring to
render invaluable service to the work.
ers by keeping them informed as to
the vital problems affecting their well
fare. The labor, press must be sup
ported by the workers, so this is an
appeal for subscriptions-$1 a year.
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05


The columns OF this paper afford
an excellent advertising medium to
smerchants OF every description.
Printers Ink says that space IN a labor
paper. is superior to that in any other
publjcation, reaching the consuming
I class-and the rates are: much lower.
Try it. ....s..s &
The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current, 1918-01-05

l(Oonanaed from ~paCe. 2l.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-12-20
New York Futures
New Orleans Cotton

New Orleans, December 19.-Fresh ad- vances were scored in the cotton market today on the strength of the increased spot trading in Texas markets and the continued bullish feeling regarding the export situation. There was much realiz- ing which made for reactions several times, and also there were renewed bear lsh forecasts on ginning and a private bureau was credited with having added 5000 bales to it's figures to December 13, but set backs weer only temporary. Open- ing at the advance improvement was wid- ened to 29 to T points. The close showed net gains of P to 5S points on the most active months.
 January was the strongest month on the boards and it rose 77 points to 27.s9c, which price compared with the spot quo- tation on middling of 29. 3Sc. Floor gossip was that one of the large spot concerns was the chief buyer of January. The demand for this month served to widen out the already wide discounts on the later positions and the bulls claimed that this served to make them all the more attractive to investment purchasers Ex- pectations of large ginning returns in the report from the census bureau tomorrow did not affect the market.