davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1918-04-18
Ashland to Mourn
Soldiers Death

The residents of Ashland were
shocked Tuesday morning when word
reached here of the death of Algie V.
Loomis, only son of Mr.. and Mrs. c.
L. Loomis of the Boulevard, which
occurred at 8 o'clock that morning,
at Fort Stevens. The young man was
member of the 18th company, en-
gineers, o. A. c., and had been strick-
en- with pneumonia only six days pre-
viously. The family had been ap-
prised of the young mans serious i'll
ness the night before, and Mrs. Loo
mis- had taken the train Tuesday
morning to go to her sons bedside,
when a telegram reached her telling
of his demise.
Algie Loomis was one of the popu-
lar young men of Ashland, where he
was born and reared He enlisted
with the 1st company, o. c. A., about
year ago, and went with that COM
.pany to Fort Stevens July 25. He
was 20 years of age, and is survived
by his parents and one sister, Miss
Doris Loomis.
Wednesday evening the body was
brought to Ashland under the escort
of Private George Evans, another
Ashland soldier. A military funeral
will be accorded the dead soldier Fri
day afternoon at 2:30 o'clock from
the armory, under charge of the vari-
Gus military organizations and the
sorrowing citizens of Ashland. A pri-
vate funeral service will take place
at the family residence on the Boule-
ward Friday morning.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1918-04-18
City Honor Flag
Unfurled Tuesday

The Honor Flag given to Ashland
by the San Francisco Federal Re-
serve Bank as a reward for her splen-
did record in subscribing to the Third
Liberty Loan arrived Tuesday and
was placed on the flag staff over the
city hall. 1t is a beautiful emblem.
and is particularly priced by the citi-
zens for the recognition bestowed
upon them for their generous sub
scriptions to the country's call.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1918-04-18
Letter.
Ashland, Ore, April, 1918.


Ashland, Oregon.
Dear Sir: We note that you have
subscribed 5. ...... (or have failed
to subscribe) to the Third Liberty
Bond issue. We understand that your
subscription to the First Liberty
Bond issue was S......,. and to the
Second Liberty Bond issue $.......
We respectfully urge you to increase
your subscription to the third issue
to the sum of S......., through the
bank with which you prefer to deal.
The rating committee will be in
session at the Liberty Loan headquar-
ters at s o'clock p. m, April .....,
and if you feel unable to comply with
the above request for the increase in
your subscription we would be glad
to have you attend the meeting that
evening with any explanation you may
wish to submit.
No list of Blue" RED" or "Yel-
low" subscribers will be compiled (as
required by the governmentJ or pub
lished until you have had this oppor-
tunity of hearing before the rating
committee. Respectfully,
LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEE.
The committee, in following the in
structions issued to it from head
quarters, will use every effort to be
fair and reasonable in its decisions
and will try conscientiously to avoid
being exacting or unjust to any one,
but, nevertheless, the committee is ex-
pected to act with firmness in cases
where, in their Judgment, those so
licited are not giving satisfactory re-
sponse.
LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEE.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1918-04-18
8 o @ @ @ o o @ @ o @ @ 9
PROCLAMATION.

o Funeral services of Algie V.
o Loomis, who passed away at
@ Fort Stevens, will be held at
o the armory Friday, April 10, at
@ ,2:30 p. m. There will be sec
o tion reserved for the Soldiers
o Auxiliary, G. A. R., W. R. c.,
o Home Guard and Honor Guard
@ Girls. These organizations will
o please inquire at the doors and
@ you will be escorted to your re- Z
o spective places.
@ In honor of our second de-
o parted soldier boy the schools
o will close, and request that so
o far as possible all stores and
o places of business be closed from
o 2:3O to $3.50 o'clock.
o C. B. LAMKIN, Mayor.
9 8 8 9 9 o @ o o o o o o @ o
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1918-04-18
Ashland Goes Over
Top With Sl5l,O0O

Ashland over the top for $780,
600" was the slogan of this city when
il was discovered how easily she
could over-subscribe her quota of the
Third Liberty Loan during the last
days of the campaign last week, and
when the drive stopped Saturday
night the captains and executive COM
mittee knew that this sum could cas-
lily be attained. Subscriptions have
still continued to come into the banks,
and during the past three days Of this
week a material increase has been
added to the over-subscribed quota
that closed the phenomenal business
of last week. Up to last night the
subscriptions from the banks have
resulted as follows for the week:
$500 Subscriptions.
Jacob M. or Minnie B. Casebeer,
Geo. H. or Esther H. Hewlett, e. H.
Bush.
$500 Subscriptions.
]. E. Hicks.
500 Subscriptions.
Irwin c. DeHaas, G. H. Hedberg,
Mr.. and Mrs. R. E. Hosley, Lester Z.
Leach, G. E. Carpenter, Sibel L. Hick-
erson, Mrs. c. Delsman, Sylvester
Patterson, j. F. Smith, Alice Poor
and Edith Cole, Chas. D. Wineland,
Hans Ignatius, Mr. and Mrs. j. s.
Morgan, Hannah Elizabeth McGee,
Lorraine L. USHER, Karl M. Rose,
Daniel L. Glenn, Fred B. Tracy, Mr..
and Mrs. Edwin F. Young.
$50 Subscriptions.
Lulu Cheever, Fred Deardorff,
John Preston Coin, Nate L. High,
Samuel w. Hutchinson, Mrs. G. j.
Jones, Mrs. Archie R. Kincaid, Martin
j. Love, ]. H. Monroe, Tom Pappas,
Geo. c. Stevens. Mr.. and Mrs. c. W.
DeCarlow, Melvin T. and Hattie
Lynch, John T. Patterson, John H
Turner, Robert F. Brown, Mr.. and
Mrs. c. E. Johnson, Albert E. North
land, Fred C. Homes, Eva Pierce,
Robert /. Peachey, Walter P. Powell
N. w. Gorham, Minora G. Cornelius
o. H. Johnson, A. M. Long, Rose X
Buchanan, Fannie Ager Cornelius
Mrs. c. L. Miller. A. D. Jillson, Mrs
Bell CordeH, Frank W. Moore, Arthur
c. Edwards, Guy D. Gould, A. l.
Hale, George E. Sackett, Birger o
Wallsten, S. c. Ganiard, M. A. Carter,
Edith G. Smith, c. T. Arant, Mrs
Alice Gowland, j. Edw. Gowland, Mrs.
Ann Gowland.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1918-04-18
Sam B. Sandry
Out for Sheriff

In the proper column of this issue
will be read today the announcements
of Sam L. Sandry as candidate for
the nomination for sheriff on the re-
publican ticket at the May 18th pri-
maries. Mr. Sandry has been resi-
dent of Jackson county for sixteen
years. He was an officer of the game
commission for four years, having re-
signed that place about a year ago.
since which time he has been en-
gagged at the Blue Ledge copper mine.
He is a man of pleasing appearance
we'll qualified, and will no douos
make good race.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1918-04-18
Navy Attracts Many
Boys from This City

When the naval recruiting party
announced to be in Ashland Wednes-
day and Thursday arrived here yes
terday morning one of the party was
kept busy greeting old-time friends.
This was Assistant Paymaster w. w.
Usher, well-known former resident
of this city, whose return is greeted
with acclaim from all sides. The
other members of the recruiting par
ty are Ensign F. B. Upshaw, Assistant
Surgeon Charles B. Wade, Pharma-
cist Mate Charles H. Graham, Miss
Amoretta G. Crossley, yeoman first
class, and Miss Pauline Graves, cleo
trician third class.
AS the way had been paved for the
recruiting party by the advance pub
licity agent, A. Anderson, who was
here the fore part of the week ar
ranging details for their advent, the
recruiting office in the city hall was
Immediately opened Wednesday
morning, and during the past two
days the party has been busy meet
ing people and endeavoring to inter-
est young men in enlisting in the
navy. Tie entire party is pleasant,
courteous company of men and
women, and Ashland has been glad
to welcome them in her midst.
Up to the time of going to press
today the following men have been
enrolled in the Naval Reserve Force:
Ralph Lorenzo Harris, who has lived
in Ashland six years, and has been
employed with the S. P. company
since August, 1917; Office George
Pruitt, resident of Ashland about one
month; came here from Oklahoma.
Ralph R. Hadfield, a resident of Ash
land for twenty years, and. Julian
Abbott of Jacksonville. Three 9th
ers applied for enrolment and
passed the physical examination.
They have wired their local board
for permission to enlist. These are
Clarence P. Kraus, George w. Will
liams and Sylvan X. Cander. Ben
jamin c. Parsons was examined by
DR.. Wade, medical officer of the U.
S. navy, but it was found that an
operation was necessary before he
could be accepted. DR.. Jarvis of this
city volunteered to perform the oper-
alton free Of charge, and arrange
ments are now being made at local
hospital and as soon as Mr.. Parsons
has recovered from the operation he
will be enrolled.
Ensign i. B. Upshaw stated today
that he was very much pleased by
the showing made here, and wishes
to thank the people of Ashland for
their kindness and assistance. The
enrolling party will leave tonight for
Medford and will be there four days.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1918-04-18

Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Rainey Of
Walker, SiCkiyou county, California,
are among the new arrivals in Ash
land who will make this city their fu-
ture home. Mrs. Rainey is a sister
of Mrs. r. Beswick.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1918-04-18

Lazar Gartner is here from Stock
ton, Cal, to become associated in bus
iness with his brother, Louis Gartner,
the well-known junk dealer.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1918-04-18

Miss Mccormick is expected to be
at the Civic Improvement Club at its
next regular meeting Tuesday, April
23, at Auxiliary hall. She will dem
onstrate how to serve luncheon.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1918-04-18

London, April 17.-After gaining
footing today in the villages of Met
eren and Wytschaete, the British
were forced to make second retire
ment, according to Field Marshal
Haigs report from France tonight.
French troops, 1t is added, have
now reinforced the British lines. The
text of the statement reads:
This morning intense lombard
ments were opened by the enemy on
practically the whole Of the Lys bat
tie front, and from the forest Of
Nieppe to Wytschaete, and were fol-
lowed by infantry attacks. All these
attacks were repulsed, and consider
able losses inflicted on the enemy.
"In counter-attacks reported in the
morning communique, our troops
succeeded in entering the villages OF
Meteren and Wytschaete, but in the
face of continued hostile attacks,
were unable to maintain their posi-
tions there.
French troops are cooperating
with the British on this front.
ION the remainder of the British
front there is nothing to report"
Berlin, April 1.-THE Germans
have occupied Poelcapelle and Lange-
marck, to the northeast of Ypres.
The announcement is made by gen.
eral headquarters, the evening report
from which says:
"On the battlefield of last years
Flanders battle, Poelcapelle and
Langemarck have been taken"
With the British Army, April II.
Things looked distinctly better to-
day from the allied standpoint, as a
result of the British withdrawal in
the north, which eliminated the great
salient that bulged out over the Pass
chendaele ridge system. The defend
ing troops were sitting snugly in pre-
pared positions along line running
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1918-04-18

LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEE.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22

Kentucky suffers another failure
~ justice. Deputy U. s. Marslhl Eu-
bank, who killed City Clerk Rtgo at
Mt. Sterling, was let off Win ten
years, when if we read the testimony
Alright, death alone could atone for
such a murder.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22

From Toal, on the south shore of
the Gulf of Finland, to Rovno, part
of the famous triangle of fortresses
which stood as Muscovite bulwark
in the early days of the war, the Ger
man invasion of Russia rolls forward
like a great tidal wave. The formal
message of surrender as yet has not
been received by the German high
command in Russia, and the Invasion
is not likely to abate until Russia S
abject acceptance of peace terms is
in the hands of the German general
staff.
The eastern part of the United
States faces a serious food shortage
which will continue for two months,
Food Administrator Hoover an
nounced last night, and put the en-
tire blame on railroad congestion
The situation, according to Mr.
Hoover, is the most critical in the
country's history. The only remedy
he sees is greatly increased move
ment of foodstuffs to the exclusion
of much other commerce. The Food
Administrations action in placing
the blame upon the railroads was re-
scented by Mr.. McAdoo.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22
HUSTONVILLE

Lindsay Reatherford has been at
home a few days.
J. L. Beazley and Frank Smith, Of
Stanford, were here Tuesday.
Less Reid and family, of Danville,
have been with relatives here.
Eugene Dunn purchased pair of
six-year-old mare mules for $40.
Ollie Eubanks, of the Mt. Salem
section, was a visitor here Tuesday,
Mrs Uriah Dunn remains about
the same. She is able to sit up lit
tie.
Mr.. George Eubanks, out on the
Middleburg road, is some better at
present.
Miss Kate Boyle went to LeXing-
ton last week to visit her sister, Miss
Elizabeth Boyle.
Miss Kate Warmer was called 70
Lexington last week to attend the
burial of a friend.
Jesse Carpenter, of Junction City,
was in our midst last Sunday. He is
express agent on the @. G. c.
Bowman Owens and family, of Nc
Kinney, spent Sunday with his par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. Sam Owens.
Robert Ford had large force of
men last week spreading his large
crop of hemp on the fair ground.
w. ]. Campbell bought of C M.
Back lot fronting on Danville av-
enue, containing about three acres
for $500. N
The smallpox in Gilmore Burton's
family, out on the Middleburg pike,
is of a very mild form and all are
getting better.
A killing frost on or about the ~
of May may be expected from the
old saying of thunder in February
which was on the 10Th.
j. d. Burton is getting along nice
ly, we hear with his case of small
pox, which he contracted by sleeping
with Lucien Dye, short time ago.
Uncle ,"Foddy" Wheeler arrived
home Tuesday from Lexington,
where he had been for a week with
his son, DR.. Carl Wheeler, who is in
a very critical condition.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22
SERVICE LEAGUE AT c. o.

The following gentlemen went to
Crab Orchard Wednesday night and
organized a Liberty Service League !:
Messrs. VIM. Severance, Charles A.
Hardin, J. s. Owsley, X. J. Francis,
E. L. Reinhart, G. H. Masters, W. 7.
Saunders, James P. and j. C. Bailey.
]. c. McClary and Drs. T. W. Pen
nington and J. B. Perkins. A League
composed of quite a number of the
good citizens was formed with II. G.
Skies chairman and DR.. NJ. NJ. Phil
lips secretary. j. Thomas Cherry and
w. D. Edmiston were made vice
chairmen.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22
THE BONITA FARM AT AUCTION

In another part Of this paper VIII
be seen the advertisement of the
Bonita farm, in Mercer county, which
will be sold at auction by the Inter-
state Realty Co., Paul Finch, Mana
ger, Tuesday next, 26th. The place is
a very desirable one and should bring
a good price.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22

John Lynn, Thomas and John
Back, of Danville, were here Tues
day evening on business. The Back
brothers are farming on Mr.. Lynn's
large farm near Danville.
Uncle Ephraim Cooley still re-
mains in a serious condition from a
severe lick on his hand, made by a
miss-lick with a Ratchet, while cut.
ting up corn for the COW.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22
FOR wAsHINcToNs BIRTHDAY

FOR wAsHINCTON's BIRTHDAY
As the years go on, GeorgeS was''
ington, Father of His County,,
cedes into the past and seems IKE
shadowy figure of antiquity. Tr
tendency with many people is 10 r.
gard Abraham Lincoln as the lager
of the two figures. It is true tat
Lincoln faced and grasped an inc'h-
parably bigger situation, and on
tended with far greater forces. yet
the resources back of him and AIMS
command were infinitely greater
Washington's greatness is see in
comparison with the pitifully meyer
means which he controlled. The ON
mander of a broken force of ragged
patriots, half fed, half clothed, oor-
ly armed, his attempt must ave
seemed hopeless to the wordlywlse
of his time.
II was not merely the foe he iced,
but the petty and sordid divisias OF
the forces behind him. He VI the
leader not of nation, but of aroup
Of jealous and pickering Stat and
of a faint-hearted Congrss. Ifider
any ordinary generalship his 'otes-
quely equipped army would have
turned tail and scattered win
year. But somehow by conssmate
faith in the guiding hand of'rovi-
dence, by a speed Of thought i'd ac-
ton that out-witted a vastly1peri-
or foe, he won out against altman
odds. So he will ever be regsed by
history as one Of the world great
military commanders.
1t was another test of Nshing-
toms greatness that he " not
drawn into the petty polite feuds
of his later years. He wabigger
than any political party, alb to see
beyond and around the ordiry par
tisan viewpoint.
If we can use the rvelous
science and the mighty fore enlist
ed in our war, with as mn skill,
alertness and second milit judg-
ment as Washington showede shall
win this war. If we can maest the
same lofty independence ofmerely
partisan spirit that he shed, we
shall be helped still further estab-
lish the great principles fornich he
commended.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22
THE CETHA SALE MONDAY

On Monday next at his place three
miles South of Ottenheim john
Getha will sell lot of cattle, horses,
mules, farming implements, etc. See
advertisements on the sixth page OF
this paper of what he will dispose OF.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22
A WORD TO MOTHERS

Mrs. E. j. Bedard, COwich, WASH,
says: "Foley's Honey and Tar is the
best l ever used. ! always keep a bot
tie in the house for the children. A
quick cure for coughs and colds" 1t
heals raw, inflamed surfaces, loosens
phlegm, eases hoarseness and difficult
breathing, checks racking coughs.
Sold Everywhere.
Dock Drye, of Stanford, was a
guest of Col. George D. Weather
ford yesterday. Mr.. Drye has many
friends in Danville.-Advocate.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22
HEAR REV. JOHNSON.

Bear in mind that Rev. Andrew
Johnson, of Wilmore, will address an
open session of the Liberty Service
League at the courthouse tonight at
7:30. Ladies as we'll as gentlemen
are invited.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22
are invited

Three generations have found great re-
lief from the many discomfcrts OF ap-
preaching motherhood. by the safe. time
honored massage, Mothers Friend.
/ It gently softens every nbre. cord. ten
don and ligament. The drawn skin be-
comes soft and elastic. Tension and
strain upon the expanding abdominal
muscles Is relieved when baby arrives;
morning sickness or nausea usually 10 not
felt and the crisis il passed with infinite.
ly less pain and danger.
''Mother's Friend" has been used by ex'
psctant mothers with the greatest sue
cess for over forty years. I
Get q bottle from the druggist today
and write the Bradneld Regulator Co..
Dept. u, 200 Lamar Building, Atlanta,
Ca. for q valuable book brimful Of use
full information. The book will be mailed
to you without charge. Do not by any
means neglect to begin the use Of Moth
srs FRIEND; the preparation 10 un.
aoubtsdiy q real and wonderful aid to ma
tuTo In her work.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22
Young Women Awaiting
The Great Crisis

or all the vital times
In life. the birth Of Q
baby is the climax OF
natures most won
Iderful evolution. After
10. period Of anxious
waiting. the hour ar.
rives for the advent OF
q new life. Mature
must be aided during
this waiting period II
the pain and danger
OF the crisis Ia to be
avoided.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22

Robert Long, ST., prominent cit.
izen of the Cottonburg section of
Madison, is dead of ptomaine poison
ing.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22

It did not take the womessissction
hands employed by the Lehikh rail-
road long to catch on to mans ways
They have already gone ON strike
for higher wages and fewer hours.
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22

The Republicans and so foolish
Democrats complain thatesident
Wilson has not drafted as should,
the leading republicans It'd him
in the prosecution of thar. He
tried it once at least to hhagrin.
He sent Eiihu Root with e1jdele-
cation and at cost of many Islands
of dollars to Russia to get Rus
slams in line with the fghtf De-
mocracy and although this inent
Republican reported that hdd ac-
complished wonders, the resu6 Shows
that the mission was the md hiser-
able failure ever pulled off.
w. S. Kaltenbacker, the Ethical
sage of the Louisville TIM says
that Judge Charles Kerr's! ncc]n
day speech at the republic pow
WOW in that city has made pr re-
publicans, who have their IS on
Senator James seat, sit up take
notice. IF such a speech aS 5 can
make him strong with his par t GER
tainly is a shame on it. I'M I'D of
laudation for the great Iii In it
was a thinly disguised attacl n the
President that ought to da him
forever politically.
Perhaps the Lincoln desfatiou
day was so because it was ended
by lot of small bores Intent
on getting chance at the loas and
fishes than in paying repsec(p the
martyred president. Ed MordF was
not there, neither was Judged o.
Rear, A. T. Hert or Judge N >. Nc
wonder it degenerated into parti
san powwow and that patrioqh wal
lost sight of, even if such &rowS
ever felt so noble an impulse
A bill is before the Legisl& ire t.
prohibit ambulance chasing nd t,
penalize the practice. Social law
yers make it business to ST TO
railroad accidents as soon the,
hear of them and try to indie tn
injured to let them bring st TO
damages. 1t is a very epreknsiv
practice and ought to be put ande
the ban of the law.
There is an effort to have II Leg
islature legalize the working far
mers on Sunday, but it appa to
man who believes that the corInant
ments should be obeyed and bit tn
farmer, like other people, car ldo a
the work necessary in six day. to b
an unjustifiable effort to su ttitut
man made law for God made law.
Kentucky suffers another faihnI
~ justice. Deputy U. s. Marshal e.
bank, who killed City Clerk Rtgo |
Mt. Sterling, was let of With t.
years, when if we read the testimor
Alright, death alone could atone Fl
such murder.
1t did not take the womessisscti'
hands employed by the Lehikh ra
road long to catch on to mans wa!
They have already gone ON . stri
for higher wages and fewer hours.
Hf+ $50
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22

The U. S. Senate Committee cut
out the usual appropriation of $242,-
900 for seeds to be sent free by the
members, but is is dollars to dough-
nuts that it will be reinserted, as
usual. The free seed proposition is a
delusion and a snare, generally speak
ing, as many of the seed sent out will
not terminate, but the old election
eering trick will continue to fool
those who are proud to be rem TIMBER
ed by their Congressman or Senator.
1t seems to be the gneral impress
sion that any man who can preach
and expound the Scriptures is COM
petent to become an army chaplain
but the fact that a training camp for
chaplains has been established at
Fortress Monroe SHOWS sr.s.- -.sss---
more is requisite. The would-be
chaplains are to be taught military
law. international law, military
science and tactis and hygiene.
The Jessamine Journal says that
County Judge Brown Buford, of that
county, may be the Republican candi-
date for Congress in this district this
year.-Richmond Register. What was
the remark the woodchuck made just
before taking his fight?
The interior journal. [volume] (Stanford, Ky.) 1912-1984, 1918-02-22

Z. c. Walton and J. n. w1sehe
YNtsved 81 tks possc6yos = StswfcsSI ~, -
sscond esaes MA Reffss