davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
THREE INDUSTRIES
: EMPLOY MORE HE'D

Washington, Feb. 2s.-Cigar nal
ing, paper manufacturing and n.
iron and steel mills were the onlv 4,
dustries out OF 13 investigated hv =.
bureau OF labor statistics which -.
ployed more persons in January. 1o1S
than in the same month last yea. ~
increase was 40 per cent In ciesr A..
tories, three-tenths Of l Der cant 4.
paper mills and 2 per cent in iron -
steel. Automobile plants showed ~
greatest decrease in workers. IA -
cent, silk 9.S, boots and shoes 81 ~
leather SO.
Nine industries had Q grestaP ~.
roll last month than in tn ssm.
month OF 1917, the greatest incre.s.
being 1873 in wooden manufactu,ips
In which there was a decrease a -
tenths Of / per cent In the numhs.
employed. The payroll Of cotton -.
tories increased ia per cent e eona.
pared with Is decline in tho numh.,
OF workers. Boots and shoes. sntomo.
bile manufacturing and leather MAN..
featuring showed the only decree.
In total payrolls, the greatest belne
lib per cent in the last mined.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
CORDOVA

Rev. and Mrs. woodruff ENTERTAINED
all Of the young people at an informal
party in their home Feb. Is.
W: H. Moody has shipped flvs regis
be sold at breeders' sale to be held
this week.
= The body of Mrs. Van Horn. formerly
Mary johnson of this place, W.
brought from Clinton for burial h4Fs
last week. Y
The Cordova basketball team defeat
ed the Rock Island Baracas in a rough
game here Saturday night by a scoFs
Of 26 to II. The next game is March :.
crowd. Everything brought good
price: Hay s26. cats IS to 81 cents. corn
$40 to $50 an acre in the field
/ James Durbin shipped carload Of
hogs to Chicago last week.
Howard Moody and Miss Lucretia
Grove were married at the brides home
in Alton. They came home Friday,
neighbors and friends at wedding
supper Saturday night. Mrs. Frank
Zimmerman held miscellaneous show
err for Mrs. Moody Wednesday evening.
Many useful gifts were presented to
the happy couple. They will take up
housekeeping on the Dora Marshall
farm now owned by Mr.. Moody.
Palmer Edgerton, county farm i'd
visor. held a meeting here for farmers
for testing seed corn and took orders
for seed corn and wheat.
Fred Worker OF Albany Is moving
to the Daley farm recently vacated BY
L. H. Gardener
Fred Gosnel was quite badly injured
when a horse fell on him Saturday.
Mrs r. ]. Quinn Is quite i'll
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
URGE KNITTERS
SECURE SUPPLY
New Shipment Of Yarn Received ri
Local Red Cross Chapter for
Socks and Helmets.

A new shipment Of yarn has been
received at local Red Cross headQuar-
tiers.
Soft white and gray yarn for socks
is included and good quality khaki
yarn for wristlets and helmets. Knit
tiers are asked to call for yarn without
delay and to work 1t up as rapidly al
possible. Three types OF knitted ar
ticles are needed at once. Particular
ly wanted are socks and wristlets.
A number Of inquiries have been re-
ceived from local men going to camps
as to how they may procure Red Cross
sweaters and other articles. They are
advised to apply to the supply SER
geant at the camp who will obtain the
sweaters from the Red Cross field di-
rector at the camp.
Should any person hear Of boy in
service who is in need Of articles, a
letter should be written to the Red
Cross field director at the camp in
question. This will save all delay In
reporting the case the writer should
be careful to state the correct address
of the man who desires the articles.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
HOUSE FIXES RATE
MAKING POWER Raj.
BILL LIKE SENATE'S

Washington, Feb. 2S.-The house to-
day amended the railway control bill
to place the rate making power in the
interstate commerce commission. The
vote 1874 to 1871 AS reported by
the house interstate commerce COM
mittee the bill reposed that power in
the president. The senate made a
similar amendment.
The house bill now virtually con-
forms with that passed by the. senate
on the compensation and rate making
features, but as they stand they differ
on tenure of government control after
the war. The senate measure limits
the time to IS months while the house
bill proposes two years.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
MUST PAY TAXES ON
HOMES DESTROYED

Halifax, N. S., Feb. 2S.-Owners of
property destroyed by fire which swept
over an area Of two and Q half square
miles after the explosion Of q NUM-
lions ship in the harbor here on Dec.
8, must pay taxes on homes which no
longer exist, under a ruling by the
court of tax appeals. .,, ,zz..s~.
In dismissing petitions for remission
OF taxes the court held that as the as
sessments had been levied before the
f1re there was no legal way by which
property owners could ba relieved Of
the liability.
The taxes In question were levied
lor the year beginning May l next and
the appeals were based on the ground
that such property would not be in ex-
istence during that period.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
CARBON CLIFF

George Kennedy moved on Tuesday
into the Elwood Little property on
Second street.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Fahlstrom have
returned home from a visit with their
son. Charles Fahlstrom. and wife at
Chicago.
Mr.. and Mrs Fred Kennedy left for
their home in South Dakota, having
spent the last month visiting here and
at Cambridge. These places had been
their homes in childhood days.
The Misses Ella and Margaret O'Don-
nell spent Saturday In the trizcities.
Mrs. Sarah Milton spent Saturday
with her daughters, Mrs. Fred Kendall
and Mrs. Steve Adams, at East Moline.
Mrs. Jamss Thompson spent Satur-
day at Moline.
Mrs Robert Gunther and son Andrew
of East Moline visited at the home of
Mrs. B. A. Hennegan Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. William GeThardt. Mr.
and Mrs. Frank Kleinau. Sr., and Mr.
and Mrs. John Wildermuth attended
the funeral Of their niece, Miss Rosa M
Brunswig. at 724 Tenth street. Rock
Island, Sunday afternoon.
Mr. and Mrs. J. Nickerson of East
Moline spent Sunday with Mr.. and Mrs
O. E. Holland.
The Misses Grace and Helen swank
Of Silvis visited Friday and Saturday
with theirsister Mrs. Carl Lawrence.
Mrs. Harry Frymeyer entertained the
Ladies' Aid society Of the Methodist
church at her home on Third street
Thursday afternoon. The hostess serv-
.ed pie and coffee. An enjoyable time
was reported.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
Miss Bernice Hultgren of CISCO was ;
Cambridge caller Friday.

Miss Bernice Hultgren of CISCO was a
Cambridge caller Friday.
Mrs. Charles. Ford returned to he,
nome at Aledo Thursday after a visit
with Mr.. and Mrs. B. .. Fischer,
Mesdames h. Hadley, F. B. Hadley
and Harry White were tri2city callers
Thursday.
Miss Hattie Fa1line visited relatives
and friends in the tri-cities Thursday.
Mrs. V. E. Anderson visited friends
and relatives at CISCO Monday.
Mrs. N, b Gould visited relatives in
Moline Monday. 2
Lester A. Taylor of woodruff arrived
Friday for visit with rela tives.
Miss Media johnson visited at Rock
Island Friday
Ralph Taylor left Friday for Orion
where he will visit before returning t.
his home in Idaho
Judge G.. NJ. Turner made a business
trip the last week to Peoria, Spring
field and Galesbuyg.
Married. at THE Baptist parsonage
Wednesday afternoon. Rev. L. A. Mile,
bridge township and Miss Marie c
Thiess of Nunson township
Miss 1nez Lingren gave a miscella-
neous shower at c. l.. Grueys home ir
honor Of Miss Esther johnson Monda,
fine time is reported Progressive dom:
inoes was the pastime of the evening
Many beautiful and useful present.
Were received by the bride-to-be.
Mrs. Asher Love of Orion visited
Tuesday with her mother and sister
Mrs. Leroy Taylor and Miss Gertrude
Taylor.
Rev. N. 0. Montan attended a a,.,r,c,
meeting of the Lutheran church, held
at Davenport Tuesday.
Mrs V. J. Poppy visited her daughter
Miss Jessie. at Davenport Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. A. Olson were Rocl
Island callers Wednesday.
MIR. and Mrs William Ringle wer,
tri-city callers Monday.
H. Z. Talbot visited in Galva Mon.
day
Mrs. A. B. Anderson, who recent,
underwent an operation at St Luke,
hospital. Davenport. has so RECOVERED
IS to be able to return home Wednes
day accomplished by her husband.
John Westerlund returned to his horn,
at Holdrege. Neb.. after visit witt
lund and DR.. Westerlund
Mrs. Hannah Londquist ana daughte,
June returned to their home at ChIcagf
Friday after short visit with the for
mer's mother. Mrs. Emma Lindherr.
David Falline left Wednesday 70,
Oeiwein, Iowa. where he was Ordered
TO report for service in Uncle Sam,
army. He may go to Camp Dodge 70,
training.
I Miss Amy Creighton visited the las
week with her sister. Mrs. John Nary
and family at Galva.
A. J. Ross returned Friday from Chi.
cago, where he went to attend the sfaf,
hardware dealers convention.
Carl Werbach of Lone Tree. Iowa
visited here the last week.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
COST OF LIVING UP
Is PER CENT IN 1917

Washington, Feb. 28.-Another 2
per cent added to the retail prices of
food from Dec. Is. 1917 to Jan. Is.
1918, made a total of Is per cent
which the cost of living advanced in
the year ending on the latter date.
The bureau of labor statistics today
announced that II of Is standard ar
ticles increased in price from Deem
Der to January, the greatest advance
being per cent in hens.
In the IL months from January,
1917 to January. 1918, potatoes alone
registered decline in price, being 16
per cent cheaper. Cornmeal advanced
II per cent, bacon GA, lard So, milk 35,
hens 20, butter 25, eggs %, sugar Is
and -four II per cent.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
REFUSED TO LEAVE
JAIL AFTER BEING
TOLD HE WAS FREE

Thomas De Lottle of Clinton evil
IDENTIFY likes the Rock Island city jail.
He was picked up this morning on the
downtown streets and taken to the
police station. Shortly after he was
told that he could leave and would
not have to stay in Jail. He replied in
an appealing tone, Il don't want to go
home. l want to stay here"
His request was complied with and
Thomas spent the day in the lookup
after he had resisted several police
officers when they attempted to re-
move him from the station.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
BLACK TO ADDRESS
TRI-CITY MINISTERS

DR.. Hugh Black, famous Scotch
preacher and author, will address a
meeting of the Ministerial alliance
Saturday mornin gat 10 at Broadway
Presbyterian church. this meeting TAX
ing the place Of the one that was to
have been held Monday All the min
listers OF the three cities as well as
all other Christian workers have been
invited to hear DR.. Black, and this In
vitation includes the women of the
three cities. DR.. Black will have a
real message for those who hear him.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
CAMBRIDGE

Mrs. Lura McCurdy visited saturday
at Rock Island.
Ruphina, visited friends at Rock Is
land Saturday.
Mrs. Lester Crouch and daughter
were Davenport callers Saturday
Daniel Talbot arrived Saturday MORN
ing from Camp Dodge to visit relatives
and friends.
Miss Daisy Morse left Saturday Off
Middle Grove. III.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Peterson were tri-
city callers Saturday.
Mrs. J. II. Westerlund and son Joseph
visited relatives in Moline Saturday.
Miss Elizabeth Seaton spent Sunday
with friends in Rock Island
Mrs. Ada Barker and daughter, Miss
Daisy. and Mrs. Leonard were tri-city
callers Saturday.
Mrs. George Hunter was a visitor at
Rock Island saturday.
Earl Roberts of Valley Junction
Iowa. arrived Saturday for short visit
Roberts.
Mvs Mary Libby was a visitor at Ke-
Miss Susie Castaline left Saturday for
Mr.. and Mrs. c. Go4bet and baby have
gone to Galva, where they will make
their future home.
Miss Ella Holstrom visited Saturday
in GaiYa and keWanee.
Mrs. J. B. Taylor has gone to Rock
Island. which will be her future home
Miss Blanche Fleming visited Satur-
da yin Rock Island.
c. B. Taylor of Rock Island was a
business caller in Cambridge Wednes-
day.
Mrs. Eliza Dahlberg was a Davenport
caller Thursday.
Mesdames John Pearson and Frank
Brodd were Orion visitors Thursday.
Miss Hazel Wright Faust returned to
her home at Rock Island Thursday after
visit with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs
James Wright. Re
Misses Eta and Susie West were
Rock Island visitors Thursday.
Mrs. w. Fl. Knowles Of CISCO was d
Cam bridge caller Thursday.
Mrs. j. r. Taylor visited relatives a.
Rock Island Thursday.
Mrs. Herman Peterson left Tuesday
for visit at CISCO.
Misses Esther and Flora Johnson Wis
tied Thursday at Rock Island.
Mrs. JohA Cooley is visiting in the
tri cities
John Cooley spent Friday in Dav-
export.
Rev. l.. A. Miller visited Thursday n
Rock Island.
Mrs. Mary E. King left Thursday 10,
Fort Sheridan to visit her son, DR. Al
bert King, and Mrs. King.
August SANDER gvisited Friday with
his daughter at Rock Island.
Mrs. Helen Nord is at Davenport &c
remain a short time.
Mesdames Emil Anderson and Charles
Anderson visited Friday at Rock Island
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
FRANCE TO CHARTER
SHIPS OF GERMANY

Paris, Wednesday, Feb. 17-Tns
chamber Of deputies voted today 10
appropriate 100000 francs to BE-
used in chartering German ships plsc.
ed at the disposal of France BY Bra
zil. The vote was BIT to Ill.
Foreign Minister Pinchon, In sun
porting the measure, said It was the
first transaction between the French
and Brazilian governments since Bra
I'll broke with Germany and was 4
genuine demonstration Of Brazils
friendship toward France.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
ASKS SLIDING MILK
SCALE FOR CHICAGO

Chicago, Feb. 2S.-William f. Lamb,
representing the milk distribution Of
the national food administration, held
. conference today with Harry A.
Wheeler, food administrator for ILL
nois, regarding the milk situation in
the Chicago district. Mr.. Lamb is re-
ported to favor figuring the milk
prices that then obtain AS food prices
have steadily advanced it was said
this method Of price fixing would give
the farmers more than the price that
was fixed by the milk commission Of
the state food administration and
which caused boycott recently
against Chicago by the producers.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
ONLY 80 KNOWN 70
I HAVE BEEN SAVED
ON HOSPITAL SIM

London. Feb. 2S.-The Brit,.h ~.
pital ship Glenart Castle had 1sa -.
sons on board, it is stated ofhe,,,,,
when she went down TUESDAY, IN -
Bristol channel. Three parties. as,,.
eating SO, have been landed At srss
sea, Milford and Pembroke, Nons :. =
the others has been heard from. NJ
missing include about seven famals
nurses.
Survivors Of the Glenart Can.
landed at Swansea declared thu shss
was torpedoed by . submarine
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
1-CENT A MILE PLAN
FOR SOLDIERS Is UP

Chicago, Feb. 2S.-The question Of a
l-cent fare for soldiers and sailors
travelling to and from home and camp
ie now under consideration by the
public utilities commission, argu-
ments were finished before the body
yesterday. It was urged during the
hearing that workmen travelling to
and from the camps procured COM
mutation tickets at one-half cent a
mile while soldiers and sailors pay full
fare. Railroad representatives said
fhis was because the-trips OF the SOL
diers were SO 1nfrequent-
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
BANOUETERS GIVE
ONE COLD DOLLAR
FOR GLASS WATER

"Eatless banquets" for the Red Cross
are the latest thing in social functions.
In Des Moines $50 guests recently
attended a banquet at dollar plate.
The first and only course was a cock
tail Of pure cold water. The price
paid went to the Red Cross. All of
the guests pronounced the affair a
complete success. "
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
At the Majestic,

Beautiful Elsie Ferguson in the Art
craft picture, THE Song of Songs"
will be the attraction at the Majestic
tonight and Friday. It is adapted
from Edward Sheldon's play, which
proved q sensation at the Eltinge the
atre. New York, several years ago.
As vehicle to exploit the great dra-
matte ability of Miss Ferguson, 1.-THE
Song OF Songs" should prove her most
effective motion picture play since her
advent to the screen, providing melo-
dramatic situations Of great intensity
AS Lily Kardos she plays the part
Of a girl who is left penniless and
alone. and is gifted with unusual
beauty. Her struggle for q livelihood
amid the temptations strewn in her
path develops very human role, and
reveals the injustice Of man who, in
the pursuit of his own selfish pleas
ures has no regard for innocence or
purity, but who demands it in sancti-
fed form in the woman who is to
share the more or less uncertain
honor Of his name.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
ELECTED TO PHI BETA KAPPA.

Poughkeepsie. N. Y. Feb. 28.-An-
nouncement was made today of tho
Vassar students who have been elected
members of the Phi Beta Kappa So
ciety. The senior members elected In
clude Hermoine A. Baum, Chicago;
Dorothy NJ. Freeman. Lemars, Ia;
Helen N. F. Hates. Arlington Heights,
Ill. Helen X. Simpson. Chicago; Flor
enee ~ Warner, Elgin, III.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
J. Milton Buffum.

Ira H. Buffum, 904 Seventeenth
street, has received news of the death
of his brother, ]. Milton Buffum, who
passed away at Fort Dodge, Iowa, on
Saturday of last week. Mr.. Buffum.
who was Is years OF age at the time Of
his death, was born in Andalusia, Ill.
the son Of John Buffum Of that place.
Surviving him are one son, Roy, and
three brothers. His another, the late
Sarah Buffum Of this city, preceded
him in death by several weeks.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
PLANS TO OPERATE =
MINES ALL SUMMER

Chicago, Feb. 28.-Coal mines in
this state will operate all summer. If
the fuel administration succeeds in
making effective plans 1t is now form
ulating.
( I'VE want production to 90 ON stead
ily," Johr E. Williams said. This
may involve the storage of large
amounts of coal but that will have to
be arranged for if we are to avoid
trouble next season."
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
PARENT INCLUDES
SALARY OF CHILD
Income Of Children Il Not Included.
However, Where They Have
Reached Majority.
ABOUT LIBERTY LOAN BONDS
First Issue In April Is Non.Taxable
But Second Issue Is, to Ger.
tain Extent.

1t should be made clear In connec-
ton with the filing Of income tax re-
turns. that the salaries Of children en-
ployed, under 81 years Of age, must
be included with that Of the parent to
fix the gross income. Children over
q years of age and living at home do
not file their salaries with the parent.
However, IL they earn more than $1,000
Q year they must file their own return.
Many questions have also been asked
with regards to including in income
interest received from Liberty bonds.
Both of these questions are fully ex-
planned in the paragraphs appended:
Question: have two children who
live at home and are regularly en-
ployed. One is II years old: the ether
q years old. Am required to include
the amount Of income which accrues
to each during calendar year in my
own personal return?'
Answer: AS the first child has not
reached its majority and is still leg.
ally under your control, the amount
OF its income is to be included in your
personal return and Is subject to tai
in your hands. The income of the child
which has attained its majority Is moi
to be included in your return and i:
only subject to tax in the hands O.
that child.
On Liberty Loan Bonds.
Question: Must / include in my per
sonal return the amount of interest
receive on Liberty Loan bonds, or i
that interest exempt from tax?
Answer:f All interest derived from
the Liberty loan 81 per cent bond
issued under the act of April "a, 1911
Is exempt from both the normal an
additional income tax.
Interest derived from the Libert
loan per cent bonds issued under tn
act of Sept. "a, 1917, is exempt fror
the normal tax, but so much of the in
terest as is derived from such bonds
the principal of which exceeds $1,000
ts subject to the additional incom
tax; that is, if you hold $4,000 OF Lii
erty loan per cent bonds the interes
from $4,000, or 5000, is exempt fro1
!. tax, and the balance Of the 1nteres
n or sl20. is subject to the additional tai
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
ALL ARRIVE AT CAMP DODGE.

Camp Dodge, Iowa, Feb. 28.-Na-
ttonal army selectives from Northern
Minnesota, 1896 in number, invaded
this cantonment today, completing the
mobilization of the final increment OF
the first draft from Minnesota and Iowa.
Nearly 1900 recruits have reported
since last Saturday and at virtually
no delay they have been registered. as
signed and In part equipped under the
direction OF Colonel H. r Howell
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
Alois Duyvejonck.

| Funeral services for Alois Duyve-
jonck, 300 Fifth street. were held this
morning at 8 o'clock at the late home.
Father Alfonz Van Wyngaert, pastor
of the Belgian Catholic church, Off
ciated Interment was in Calvary
cemetery.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
Mrs. Charles z. O,Hare.

terrain church of Seaton, ILL.,, formerly
Of Milan, officiated.
Mrs. Charles p. O'Hare.
At her home:.42S Eleventh street,
this morning occurred the death OF
Mrs. Charles P. O'Hare after an Ill
ness Of two weeks. Mrs. O'Hare, who
was a native Of Rock Island, was In
her 54th year. Tomorrow she would
have celebrated the 26th anniversary
OF her marriage. She is survived by
her husband and three sons, Wilfred
E., Russell L. and Harold /, all Of
this city; four brothers, NJ. H. Sexton,
Thomas Sexton, w. 7. Sexton and Ben
Sexton, and a sister, Miss Josephine
Sexton, all Of Rock Island. She was
a member Of the Catholic Order Of
Foresters and Fay Halves camp No.
Isl, Royal Neighbors Of America. She
was woman beloved by those who
knew her, although her life mainly
centered in her home and children.
The family requests that no flowers
be offered.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
@'e[1lQat9
Illinois Theatre,

Illinois Theatre.
Vaudevi1le-Two shows daily at 2:45
and Sis. Three shows Saturday and
Sunday ut 500, 1880 and 900 p. m.
Change of bill Sunday and Thursday
The Columbia.
Vaudeville-TWos shows daily at 2:45
and 8:15. Three shows Saturday and
Sunday at 300, 1880 and 900 p. m.
Change Of bill Sunday and Thursday.
AT THE MOLINE.
March 3-4-5-"The Eyes of the
World" q moving picture.
March 31-"Oh, Boy"
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28

John W. Abercrombie, formerly
congressman from Alabama, has
been appointed solicitor of the de-
partment Of labor by President Viii
son.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1918-02-28
Obituary.
Mrs.. j. II. Criswell.

Permanent interment Of Mrs. ]. H.
Criswell OF Milan, who die6 Jan. 6,
took place yesterday in Chippiannock
cemetery. Services Were at the grave
Rev G. Hanna, pastor Of the Presby-
terrain church of Seaton, ILL.,, formerly
OF Milan, officiated.