davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bisbee daily review., 1918-08-20
War Tax Article No. TUO

marked and from January to May or that year. the value of the bills varied from twenty to one to thirty-eight and a half to one.
 The domestic loans were more sue cessful, although, with the exception of one small loan for the purchase of gun powder in June, 1775; these were not authorized until October, 1776, nearly a year and a half after the be- ginning of the revolution. The failure of the bills of credit and the paucisy of the revenue being secured through taxation. led congress to authorize the borrowing of S5,00O, 900 at the rate of 4 per cent. The lenders received in dented certificates which may right fully be considered the forerunners of the Liberty bonds. It was found necez- sary at a later period to raise the in terest rate to 6 per cent, but through four loans the amount realized was only S3,7S7,O0 In September, 1777 the American envoys secured the first loan from France. and that resulted in such a stimulation of the domestic loans, that from that time until the loan offices were closed, S7,6S4,OO0 in specie was subscribed.
 The foreign loans obtained by the struggling colonies during their war for independence are particularly in- teresting at the present time when the United States is making such tre- mendous loans to the various alice countries. Through Benjamin Frank lin. Governor Morris and others funds were obtained either in loans or sub sides from the governments of France and Spain and from private bankers m Holland. France granted subsidies of 2,000, 900 livres in TIT and 6,OOO.OOO livres in 17S1 In all. these sums, which may be regarded as glrts, amounted to S1,996,50O.
 The United States borrowed from France between TIT and 17S3 the to- tai sum of S6,352 500, while Holland loaned the struggling nation S1,S04.0OO and Spain furnished S174,117-a total of S7.S3O.517. Nor must it be forgot ten that France spent at least S6,O0O.- 900 on the army which she sent to the aid of the colonies.
 At the beginning of 17S4-ten years after the declaration of independence the indebtedness of the national government was 39,323,SS6. This was divided as follows: Foreign, $79S1,- SS6; domestic loan certificates, Sll,- 5S5.OO; unliquidated certificates of indebtedness, S16, ,70S.000; arrears of interest on domestic debt. $S,109,OOO. These figures are trivial as compared to those representing the war debt of today, but this indebtedness weighed for more heavily upon the people of that time than the tremendous ex- penditure of the present does upon the American public today.
 It was no small matter for the col onials and their descendants to so shape the machinery of the govern ment that results could be obtained smoothly and efficiently. There were many ups and downs, successes and failures, but the foundation laid in those trying times in the foundation upon which the American financial system rests at the present time, and it is because of the sOlidity of tha, foundation that the United States has been enabled to take such an impor- tant part in the world struggle for democracy.
Bisbee daily review., 1918-08-20

Keeping the telephone cOmmunl- cations between the advancing allies and their headquarters open IS an important item in the great offensive of the allied armies. This British official photo shows British soldiers erecting a telephone line across lands laid in ruins by the Huns in their advance and again devastated in their hurried retreat.
Bisbee daily review., 1918-08-20

REVIEW WANT ADS BRING RESULTS
Bisbee daily review., 1918-08-20

Corp. Charles Smith, Canton. Ohio.
 PriVates Herbert s. ClawsOn, Latrobe, Pa Anon E. Fishburn, Philadelphia, Pa Frank C. Gantz, Philadelphia, Pa. Oscar Hartwick. Mercer. Pa. John w. Helwig, Columbia, Pa. George E. Lindsay, New Brighton, Pa.
 Werner W. Mcfarland, New Brigh- ton, Pa.
 Samuel E. Sinclair Detroit, Mich.
Bisbee daily review., 1918-08-20

thinks is equally as important as his commission. He sends regards to all.
 The repairs on the plunge are still rapidly progressing. and it is Q great pleasure to the swimmers to see the many repairs underway, and to watch the rapid progress that is being made The new springboard and diving rope will be greatly appreciated. and will afford much pleasure for the water fans.
 Ernest Dixie. the popular wrestler writes from Hotel Sullivan, Jerome, that he is in fine trim, and will prob ably remain in the northern camp for a couple of weeks. where he is in hopes of getting a match about Labor day. He sends regards to all the boys.
 Many volley ball players are asking for the return of the 3 o'clock hour for their favorite game General Sec retary E. A. Putnam is making every effort to get a first class man to take charge of the physical department, and to have him on the job as early as possible. When the new physical director arrives, the class will be pro- noted as usual, and many new feat ures added
 One class in the educational depart ment is already under way. and many other classes are soon to be organized. The class in naturalization has had three sessions, and will continue for four weeks or until the time for the men desiring to get their second pa- pers to go to Phoenix to secure them. Other classes will soon be added - some of which will be mining, geology. Spanish, French, chemistry, etc.
 The boys department is still holding a steady membership of 25O in spite of the fact that there is at the pres ent time no full time leader in charge of that department. Secretary E. A. Putnam expects to secure an expert enced man to take charge of that de- partment by September 1. Some need ed repairs will be made in the boys department as soon as the plunge re- pairs are completed
 A card was recently received from MT. c. c. Mitchell stating that the Mitchell family had arrived safely in Nashville, and they were all well pleased with the location.
 Buy thrift stamps at the Y. M. c. A.
Bisbee daily review., 1918-08-20

The Naturalization club held its second meeting in the Lounge room on last Thursday. Judging from the attendance and enthusiasm, 1t will be of great value to all those who desire to become citizens. The instructor IS c. c. Flynn, professor of History and Civil Government at the Bisbee high school. and one of the leading auth critics on the United States Constltu- tion in the district. The club will meet twice a week-Tuesday and Thursday, at and 7:SO p. m., and IS free to all, whether you are member or not.
Bisbee daily review., 1918-08-20

Jess Walker, former trainer of Pat Connolly, the wrestler who had several matches here lately with Ernest Dixie, is a new. arrival in the district. He came here from Jerome, where he saw Pat, who is in splendid shape, and anxious for a match on Labor day. Jess says he likes the looks of Bis bee, and the local "Y," and hopes to stay for some time.
 T. H. Merrill recently received a let ter from J. D. Dortch, a former mem
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
Bureau To Be Completely Reor-
ganized With Trained BuSi-
ness Men AT Head.
BRITISH MODEL TAKEN
Greater Expedition to be Used IN
Supervising, Stimulating, Inspect
ing and Distributing All
War Supplies.

Washington, Jan. 4.-The war de-
ganiZation of the ordnance bureau
With experienced business men at the
head of the important divisions under
he chief of ordnance.
The new plan under which it is pro
posed to make the bureau great
working unit modelled somewhat aft
er the British ministry OF munitions,
was outlined to the Senate Military
committee recently by Major General
CroZier, chief of ordnance, while he
was being questioned concerning de-
fciencias in the supply of rifles and
cannon. Ii now has been approved by
Secretary Baker and put into effect
General Crozier, whose renomina-
ton is pending in the Senate. con
tinues as chief, and no change is
made in the assignment of Brigadier
General Wheeler as acting chief
while General Crozier serves on tle
War council.
Col Samuel McRoberts, formerly
executive manager of the National
City bank of New York, is named
chief of the procurement division.
one of the branches into which the
business functions of the bureau are
divided and the name of a civilian
% head the production division will
De announced in a few days.
The work will be divided into four
divisions, procurement, production, in
spection and supply. Tae statement
ssued says:
Business Men in Charge.
"It is contemplated that this form
Of organization will make it possible
20 use to the fullest extent the expe-
rience of additional men trained in
civil life, who will be called to the
service for that purpose.
Experienced business executives
will be put in charge of the procure
ment and production divisions and
the work OF these divisions will be
entrusted to recently commissioned
civilians, supplemented by further
acquisition of tra.ned experts and
men of proven business ability"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
Italian Gunfire illustrates Teu.
tons in New Attempt to Make
Crossing of Stream.
BRITISH JOIN FORCES
Good Local Advances Made by Allied
Troops in Raidins Actions
Italian Front in Mountains
Holds Firm.

London, Jan. 4.-The Rome war of.
flee announces that new Teuton at
tempt to cross the Piave river was
frustrated by the Italian fire. The
Italian front in the mountains held
firm. British troops joined French
and Italian battalions in raiding ac-
tions and made good local advances.
The Vienna war office announces
the abandonment of the Zenson bridge
head on Christmas. The statement
AYERS that the Italians did not learn
Of the evacuation until five days after.
The text Of the Italian statement
reads:
THE usual artillery actions took
place. Italian and English batteries
exploded two enemyAmunition depots
at Pontigo and south of Conegliano
English patrols attacked enemy ad-
vanced posts, infiicting losses and cap
turing prisoners.
About 10 vessels loadsI with
troops, which attempted to approach
the right bank Of the Piave at Inesta.
dura were dispersed by our fire.
Airplanes Brought Down.
"Ayiators and English batteries
brough down three enemy airplanes.
Two others fell as the result of aerial
battles with Italian and French avia-
tors. During the night enemy aviators
dropped a few bombs on Mestre and
Treviso. No damage was done nor
were there any casualties. Enemy
aviators also bombed Bassano, where
one person was killed and five persons
were wounded. Slight damage was
done.
Our squadron bombed aviation
camps at Lacomia and Aviano, caus-
ing extensive fires. Enemy movements
at the railway station at st. Stino de
LAvenza and enemy barracks have
been bombed effectively by an Italian
dirfgible."
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
SINKING U-BOATS FAST
German Production Not Keeping
Pace With Destruction.
Twenty-One British Vessels Sunk BY
Submarines Past Week Show
Increase.

London, Jan. 4.-According to the
admiralty statement just issued, is
British merchantmen of 1000 tons
or over have been sunk by mines or
submarines during the past week.
Three merchantmen under 1000 tons
also were sunk. This is a material in.
crease over the previous week, when
the sinkings numbered IL. of which ii
we're more than 1000 tons.
Although the sinkings of ships OF
large tonnage in the past week have
been rather heavy, the total for De-
cember is characterized as satisfac
tory, being only slightly larger than
for November, which established low
record. The tonnage sunk during De
cember was well below that of any
month previous to September. Against
this, however, the sinkings of subma
rines were greater In December thar
in any previous month since the wal
began.
Naval men declare that more sub
marines were sunk In December thar
the German shipyards were able tC
launch, so the German submarine navy
may now be said to have begun actual
ly to shrink-a process which the AL
lies hope to accelerate rapidly with
the increasing effectiveness of nava
methods.
Reports of encounters with subma
rines in the past three months indi
cate that whatever improvements have
been made in the U-boats, they are
not nearly SO efficient or deadly al
they were earlier In the year
This is partly due to the lower stand
ard Of their torpedoes and also to de
terioration in the quality of their
crews. In "U-boating" as in aviation
experienced men are irreplacable, ant
novices stand a poor chance.
The American naval men have
learned to identify the German U-boar
veteran merely by the character Of his
operation, and can tell when the nov
ice comes on their beat by the anna
teurishness of his methods.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
ASKS new DRAFT LAW
Crowder Would Register Youths
As They Reach '21
provost Marshal Says Amendmenr
Would Make 100000 Available
Making Glass One Sufficient.

Washington, Jan. 4.--Immediate reg
lstration for military service of all
men who have become 81 years of age,
tince the first draft registration, is
urged by Provost Mzfehal General
Crowder in his annual report to the
secretary of war.
100000 Available Yearly.
If this is done and similar registra-
tons held each year, 700, 900 physically
1T men of class one, the provost mar
shall general stated, will be available
Tor service every IL months and this
would not necessitate taking men
from the deferred exemption classes.
Glass I To Fill Needs.
"The policy and belief of this office
Is that in all probability it will be
possible to fill all our military needs
from class one" the report stated.
Skilled labor and farmers will be
drafted from the deferred classes,
General Crowder intimated, should
The situation demand"
The situation in these respects is
yerious now, particularly In the ship
building industry and in factories
working on war munitions" he said
1T Is probable there will be short.
lge OF farm labor In the spring, al.
though the new draft regulations have
relieved that situation"
Would Alter Draft Plan.
The report was placed before Con.
gress with the request for an amend
nent to the selective service act
which would change the plan of allot
Ding quotas.
In the first draft, the quotas were
based only on population, but General
Crowder asks that the new basis be
made the number Of men found in
class one in each district. Dissatisfac
lion was caused in many districts un
Ter the last draft because the large
number of aliens, all Of whom were
exempt, caused the quotas TO be much
aigher than the average.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
EGG FAMINE THREATENS U. S.
Greater Part of Cold Storage Supply
Said To Be Gone.

New York, Jan. Am egg famine
threatens the United States, accord
ing to a statement issued by w. f.
Priebe, head Of the poultry and egg
division of the Federal Food admin
istration.
He declared that from September
/ to January /, S5 per cent OF the
supply of cold storage eggs was con.
sumed, and the other Is per cent
will soon be gone.
There is no relief in sight, he as,
serted, for supply can not meet d "
mand.
Gold weather, of course, has
added to the difficulty he added
I'm California and Oregon, however
weather conditions have no effect and
these two states are able to send us
eggs. but the supply can not meet tho
demand"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
ALLIES TO MAKE PEACE REPLY
All To Join In Answer To Teuton
PROPOSALS,

Rome, Jan. 4.-The Premier an.
nounced in the Senate that so far
the Allies have not exchanged views
upon the Austro-German peace pre-
ply will be decided upon at an early
date. He explained clearly why the
conditions of the proposal are not
acceptable and that their rejection
was due to no wish of the Allies 20
prolong the war.
Reliable information is to the Ell
feet that the Pope had a deep per.
sonal conviction that the proposal
was doomed to failure, hence the non
committal attitude of the vatican.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
1o4 Trains Cancelled on One Roac

Philadelphia, Pa, Jan. 4-The
Pennsylvania railroad has made n
drastic cut in its passenger service
In an effort TO clear the line for
freight traffic. The company has
cancelled 104 trains, including the
Congressional limited, operating on
the lines east Of Pittsburgh. The
change will take effect January g.
Not more than one parlor car will
hereafter be permitted on any day
train anywhere on the Pennsylvania
systsm and all parlor cars will be
withdrawn on the Echuylkill division
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
GOPHER GERMAN EDITOR HELD
Charged With Seditlon in Opposing
Liberty Loan.

Minneapolis, Jan. 4.-Reinhold Kint
ri, publisher of "Die Freie Presse," al
Glencoe, has been arrested on a charge
Of perjury in connection with alleged
seditious articles published in his pa.
per.
Kintzi was brought to Minneapolis
by Joseph Buisson, United States de.
putty marshal, and taken before How.
ard s. Abbott. United States commits.
sioner. He waived examination and
was committed to the Hennepin coun.
ty jail in default Of $4,000 bail. He is
to be tried at the April term of the
United States district court.
Kintzi is accused Of having discour.
aged the Liberty bond campaign, to
have lauded Teutonic successes and to
have characterized England and "An.
glo-Saxon Americans" as "our arch
enemies"
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
Many London Meat Shops Close

London, Jan. 4.-Many butcher
shops throughout London were ith'
out their usual supply Of meat, and
some were forced to close. Almost
no beef arrived at the Smithfield
market. and the scanty stocks were
exhausted long before retailers, who
stood in line fgom o'clock in tha
morning until noon, could De sup
piled The government relieved the
situation somewhat by releasing
zre0 its stores 1000 carcasses ol
@uttou. but this was seon taken b
Ahl pNQ1la.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
PEACE SEEMS IMPOSSIBLE
Pact Between Russ and Teutons Be.
comes Unlikely.

London Jan. A Russian sep
arate peace, for weeks regarded by
the world as virtually a fact, has
suddenly turned into improbability.
The latest news from Petrograd
showed the Russo-German delega'
tons to Brest-Litovsk hopelessly at
odds and reported the peace parleys
to have broken Up in a row.
However willing the Bolsheviki
are to meet the Teutonic powers half
way on general issues, on these two
points they are defiantly insistent:
One-Complete evacuation by Ger
many of all occupied territories.
Two-Release by Germany and
Austria of political prisoners, includ
ing those wlo have been jailed for
preaching peace.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04

Flag Now Files Over German School.
Muscatine, Iowa, Jan. 4.-Follow-
ing luncheon at the Hotel Musca-
tine, several hundred business men
marched through the streets to the
German Lutheran school and forced
the Rev John Haefner, head of the
alleged pro-German institution, to
raise large American flag over the
school and place one over his par
sonage. He was then compelled to
uncover and salute the flag as the
throng cheered. The high school,
opposite. suspended, and hundreds Of
students Joined the demSnstrat1eR
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
French Take Drastic Food Step.

Paris, Jan. 4.-Three drastic meas
dres for conservation of food and
other supplies have been decided up
on by the minister of provisions,
Victor Boret All shops of confec-
TONERS and pastry cooks are to be
closed. restrictions will be placed on
restaurants which charge high prices
to prevent them from outbidding tie
more popular establishments in pur-
chasing supplies, and the private
use of automobiles will be prohib.
tied. These measures will be put
into effect In tle near future.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
Trotsky Declares "Germany's
HypoCriticaI Peace Propos-
ais" Are Not Acceptable.
HUN TRICKERY FEAI Ed
Every Move of Teuton Delegates
Watched With Apprehension-Rus-
sian Masses Declared Ready To
Resume Battle For Rights.

Petrograd, Jan. 4.-Leon Trotzky
Bolsheviki foreign minister, declares
the government of the Russian work
ers will not consent to the German
peace proposals.
NJ. TrotZky's declaration was made
before the central committee of the
Council of Soldiers and Workmen' s
delegates during an address in which
he denounced In scathing terms Ger.
many's hypocritical peace proposals.
Ready to Defend Revolt.
Asserting the government of Rus
sian workers would not consent to
such conditions, he said that If the
Teutonic powers did not agree to free
disposal of the destiny of the Polish
and Lettish nations it would be ur.
gently necessary to defend the Rus
sian revolution.
He said the needs at the front would
be satisfied, whatever efforts might
he necessary.
May Not Renew Armistice.
Representatives from all the fronts
who attended the meeting declared
troops would defend tle revolution
sary
Evidences multiplied that irrecon
cilable differences between Russian
and German peace conferees will
force discontinuance of future separ
ate peace negotiations and that the
armistice may not be renewed.
Hun Trickery Feared.
Russians now are apprehensive OF
German trickery in every move by
the Teutonic delegates and agent:
here and at Brest-Litovsk
Serious differences, 1t was stat ed
had been developed here at the con
ference between Russian and German
commissioners to discuss exchange OF
war prisoners.
Tle Germans, under Ambassador
Mirbach, are openly seeking to uti
lize the conference for a re-openine
OF German trade in Russia. Bolshe
wiki delegates have emphasized anew
their unwillingness to go beyond the
lines indicated in the armistice.
Propose Rail Regulation.
The Germans even propose to regu
late Russian railway traffic, but the
suggestion was rejected as "untime
ly" by the Russians.
Foreign Minister Trotzky dispatch
ed formal note to Berlin regarding
the forcible transportation of thou
sands from Russian territory occupied
by Germans, presumably protesting
against Germany's treatment of These
deportees.
Deep impression Created.
The Petrograd correspondent of the
Times says a deep impression has
been made in Petrograd by the with
drawal of French and British shipt
from Archangel and breaking up ot
important French and British depots
there.
British Ambassador Buchanan will
leave Petrograd soon for London OF
account of illness, according to an
nouncement. Members of the British
mission to Russia will depart will
him.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
Nine French Ships Sunk.

Paris, Jan. 4.-Nine French mer.
chant ships of more than 1000 tons
were sunk by submarines or mines
during the week ending December 20.
There was no loss of vessels under
1900 tons or of fighting ships. Two
attacks on steamers failed.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
General RuIIard Succeeds sibert.

Washington, Jan. 4.-Maj. Gen.
Robert l.. Billiard has been chosen
to succeed General Sibert in direct
charge of Pershing's first expedition
in France, it is officially announced.
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
= = =" = = = = = = r e 'ss e :.
HUNS BOMB ITALIAN
HOSPITALS; 18 KILLED

Rome, Jan. 4.-Teutons have
begun bombing of hospitals on
the Italian front. An official
statement reports that enemy
airmen have directly attacked
two hospitals at Castelfranco
and Yeneto, killing Is patients
by aerial bombs.
i. I. I. \ i. !. I. !. Il. I. - !. !. +
The Madison daily leader. [volume] (Madison, S.D.) 1890-current, 1918-01-04
CLASH MARKS SENATE PROBE
Verbal Duel Between Hoover and Sen.
Reed Is Heated.

neeo u HcdtcO.
Washington, Jan. flood Admin
istrator Hoover and Senator Reed had
their long-expected clash in public at
the hearing before the Senate commit
tee investigating the sugar and coal
shortage.
Senator Reed, one or Mr.. Hoover's
critics, questioned the food admins
traitor sharply and Mr.. Hoover replied
with equal spirit. The verbal duel
ranged from sugar to wheat.
Senator Reed charged Mr.. Hoover
with "usurpation of authority in
handling the wheat situation that
would be q crime in normal times"
Mr.. Hoover warmly denied it and said
the situation had been handled with
the approval of President Wilson.