davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-04-26
La dipl0mQclQ cdrranclsta
y Ell c%onflicto europeo
Nj

| en- 10 privado (yo he adquirido, por
medic de una estadistica minuciosa, la
ley casi evidente de que todos los I'M
beetles son germanofilos, por mas que
no todos los german6filos sean imbe-
ciles); zero como Jefe de Ia Naclon
Nexieana esta obligadc, por la geo.
grafia, por la politica. por las tlnan-
zas, 4 aDartarse cuanto mas pueda
de las Simpatias que Alemania lie ms
pira.
MeXicG-queramos 0 no los mexl-
canos-tenGra, mientras .exista en- ell
planeta, reiaciones estrechisimas con
los Estados Unidos, es decir, con an
vecino poderoso, porque cuenta con
mas de Glen milones de habitantes y
una ~riqueza industrial, comercia! y
aericola, enorme. La politica es
"clencia de hechos", no de e~specula-
clones subietivas 0 s~entimentales, Y
en- este case ros aconseja que amolde-
mos nuestra posicion en- ,el concierto
mundial, a los hechos.
Es precise, de todas maneras, aun
S; Sc uuiere recurrir al heroismo, en-
frentarse con los hechos Y mirarlos
como ellos son. mos proponemos
reali1ar una guerra con los Estados
Unidos? Nadie, que este cuerdo, pue-
dc rensar cosa semejante. Y 81 no
vamos a In guerra, porque Ia conve-
niencia nacional rechaza tamana To-
cura. :por que no buscar, en- una d.
plomacia rrudente, la formula de una
inteligencia cordial Y definitiva con
nrestros poderosos vecinos, quo aleje
TODD peli@ro future y nos asegure una
vida libre, tranquila Y en- ammonia.
hasta donGc 70 sufra nuestro decoro,
con los intereses de los Estados Uni
dos?
70 70 uuiero humillaciones que a.
vcrgiien"cr, pero tampoco arrestos
insolentes Y ~provocativos que traigan
COMO conSecuencia un conflicto ruino-
50 para Mexico. Entire nuestra sus-
ceptibilidad Y la vecindad de I'm Esta-
DO oodcroso, existe ell "termino ME
do, honrado Y patriotico: la conser-
vacion de la patria libre. de que ma
nera podremos c]olocarnos en- esa posi-
cijn intermeGia? Observance nues-
trc gobierno una conducta prudente,
moderada, honorable, d%ecorosa; pro-
crrandc q orden Y la paZ en- el inte-
r!or V en- ell exterior, guiaado Ia diplo
macia De acuerdo con la c~onvenie1cia
del pals, ea decir, de acuerdo con su
gcoerafia, con su historic, con sus ne
cesidades financieras. con u institu-
cicnes pol:ticas y sociales. Vivimos
en- el Continente Americana, Y en-
America debemos d~esenvolver nuestra
vida a travas de la historic. .Alema-
ma SSlI Il HllleS Qe h'lOIiielIUS tie us
lancia de nosotrus, Y. en- Gambia, de
los Estados Unidos nos separa tan So
10 Ia corriense del Bravo, que sc fran
Guea en- 2ocos minutes.
Zero los revolucicnarios, e%nvaneci-
dos con ell cxito, 10 han olvidado TODD
Isl cs que alguna vez han sahido al
gci, :, al plantear el problemG de Ia
n~eutrajitad &c Mexico, no han tornado
en- consideration este date Important
simo: cue n geografia tpara e:nplear
Ia Erase dc I'm tribune frances) manda
en- la k~istoria. Y 20 agrego: es la
base IN que sc susten.a toda pclitlca
trasceEdental.
En- mi proximo articulo dire IA es- !
pecie de n~eutralidad que. patriotica-
menGe. Gebi6 haber adoptado el 60
biarno dc Carranza.
Habana, 13 de Abril. !
lose ELGUERO.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-04-26

Teleqrama ESprria! para ~ PREN>N
NUEEA YORK, Abri! 25.-DeS-
pachos procedcptes de Ia Ciudad de
Mexico dan cueata de que los propie
tarios de minas en- Ia vcciaa repn-
bIica del sur han eXpresaao gran
di5gusto con motive dc los derechos
de expostacion que fueron fiJadoS
ror 81 gobierno carrancista en- ei
p-esente mes de Abril-
Alegan dicho> mineros que on IA
actIaEdad. cuando los mercadoS sc
hallan ea condolences muE POGO eS-
rabl,. y I, concrete International
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-04-26
de verse asi desdenado,
Sc iba, acaso, a suicidar;

Pero Luis volvi0 al momento
V TT bulto a 81 novia do:
Ia guapa chica 10 abri0,
g hizo explosion SUI %contento.
ST, me amas, clamo; 10 siento
V haber dudado me afrenta;
con mi amor eterno cuenta.
(Y cs que ell bulto contenia
dos trozos de carne fra
con mostaza Y con pimienta)"
Por Ia copia,
CHANTECLER.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-04-26

Dice mi madre que no
me quieres', lie dijo a Luis
su novia; Y este, en- IN iris
a Ia Gale Sc Eanz6.
La chica Sc arrepinti6
de su manera de hablar,
pues lleg6se a imaginar
que su Luis, desesperaao
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-04-26
TIR0S AL BLANC0l
LA sITUACION ACTUAL

Con su dialectica extrana
me escribe I'm amigo MIC,
que en- vez de cruzar Ell rio
cruzo ell charco Y sc fue a Espana
Chico: va no vale mana
para Ia actual situacion.
Reniego de mi aficion
Dor instalarme en- Madrid.
Hombre. en- la terra del Lid
morimos de inanicion.
''Por IN par de calabazas
das TN duro, Y por dos huesos
para ell caldo, cinco pesos,
Q sin caldo tie Ia pasas.
va no hay Quien 5 mostaZas,
jamones nj mantequillas.
;Patatas? mi sus semillas!
;Ostiones? mi dibujados!
Frijolitos sancochados
Y, acaso, un par de tortillas...
Sc halla este pobre Madrid
que no hay mas cosa que yer.
FL que tie invita- a conner
es mas valiente que ell Cid.
No yale ningun ardid
para salir a%delante;
Ia cosa esta tan tirante
que muereS 81 no te matas,
pues IN ''bistec" con patatas
va vale mas que IN brillante.
Y es la crisis tan notoria
V tan bien Sc Ia entroniZado,
que todos la han acceptable:
Sc Ia saben de memorla.
Y es tan enorme victoria
conner cocido hoy un dia,
que aver una amiga mia
{ Cuien prete7do, me die:
en- prueba de amor exijo...
IN sandwich de carne fra.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-04-26

Cuaudo necesite libros en- espanol,
d~irijase a Ignacio E. Lozano, 1lS n.
Santa Rosa Ave. San Antonio, Texas.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-04-26

/: Decia 70 en- mi anterior articulo
que las naciones extranjeras, mira
ban a Mexico a traves de un silogis-
mo de hero, cuyas premises eran,
lpor una parte, los d%esordenes interio-
Tres, y, por la otra, la torpe gestion
| diplonatica de CarranZa; y cuya con-
secuencia memorable, fatidica, sera la
intervention armada, o, cuando me-
mos, una reclamation energica apo
yada con la de Ia fuerza, Y,
dc todas maneras, quisn sabe que da-
nos de trascendencia incalculable pa
RI nuestra nacionalidad.
Carranza cree que los diplomaticos
Sc improvisan, como piensa que Sc
improvisan los soldados, los politi-
, cos, los financieros, etc. etc. Cree
que de un Fabela, de intelecto medic
ere v educacion cientifica nula, pue-
de formarse un gran Ministro pleni-
lpotenciario; que de un Cabrera ia
cobino, curialesco, saturado de odios.
henchido de malas pasiones, verda-
dero 'saco de pus" como sofia def
nirlo un cirujano-politico, puede eX-
~traerse Ia materia prima para cons
truir un hombre de miras elevadas,
de pensamientos trascendentales Y
mobiles, de voluntad ~equilibrada y Sc
rena, capaz de realizar, recogiendo
lie h~erencia genial de Bolivar, Ia union
| hispano-americana. CarranZa supo-
nc que el nombre de Mexico Sc man
tiene con decoro sobre las espaldas
de un ganan envanecido como ell cue
esta en- Bolivia, Carlos Felix DiaZ;
ore Ia diplomacia de la revolution
deslumbrara ell Universe desde Costa
Rica, 81 Ia expone Jose Jgarte. exec
lente cronista, buen narrator, ingenio-
so Y quito en- la satira; pero cuyos
nervios !ndociles suelen dar a su CO.
lera, no 81 rugido del leon, sino los
gritos aflautados de hi vestal en- ce-
lo..... Pero no es ESQ TODD, nj 10
peor, sino que don Venustiano esta
c~onvenciGo de que un ex-lechero des-
de hace IN lustro, puede ~llevar, con
dignidad Y limpieza, ell titulo de Mi
nistro de Relaciones en- el gabinete
Presidential.
Quien Sc haya hecho cargo de to-
das las inepcias, Y conoZca Ia mezquin
dad del csrebro del senior Carranza,
no podra ~asombrarse lie que sea-.
german6filo. Tn PresiGente de Mexi-
CO, en- los tiempos actuales, que os-
teata ger!Hanofilismo. tiene que ser
por fuerza un desequilibrado por 4
nidad 0 por i%gnorancia surina.
Io NJ le ccnSuro a Carranza nj 4
nadie, que en- 10 particular, simpatte
con cualquiera de los grupos que com
baten. porQue el pals propio no esta
compronletido en- Ia contienda, la vo-
luntad es libre, Y, como tai, elige 10
quY ell entendimiento juzga mejor. Pc
no uno es ell c~riterio particular Y otro
Ell L Sc dcbe tener como Jeferde la
Nacion, Forque este mira Ia conve-
niencia patriotica en- c%onsonancia con
"a justicia, Y no lie es permitido guar
Sc por ctra norma. Carranza, por
10 tanto, puede ser hasta germanofilo
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-04-26

81 fuerte el amor tie llega
V a tn noyia pides. va
te esta diciendo el papa:
que guarda ''uste" en- su bodega?,
V q Ia chica no te entrega
81 no lie puedes probar
que themes en- bucn lugar
De casa, como itacate.
IN kintal de cacahaate
acahado de tostar.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-04-26

81 alguien por la noche espera
pleito en- 81 casa tener,
con llevarle su mujer
IN pcdazo de ternera
cesa Ell peligro, Sc altera
ell orden de los factories,
= en- lugar de los ripores
a cue Sc halla acostumbrado,
tandra IN beso enamorado
V hasta IN ramito de flores.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-04-26

Claro: del que hoy te convida
a conner, puedes decir
que afianz0 tn porvenir,
qae te ma salvado la vida.
Patatas, carne cocida,
chuletas "empanizadas';
frijoles con dos tostadas
Y I'm pedacito de queso....
Jesus. 81 por menos que ESQ
hay quien de dos punaladas. .
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-04-26

:Llegar de IL nOvia al lado
V ofrecerla unos. brillantes?
Esas eran cosas antes;
hoy. IA costumbre ha cambiado:
81 estas muy enamorado,
pero mo te puede ver'
Ia suegro. ;que vas a hacer?
solo IN recurso tie Iueda:
10 pones como una soda
81 10 invitaS a conner.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-04-26
IXLIF

La satisfaction del vizconde de R.,
habia SiGo grande al reconocer al Sc
nor lie Asst, pues ell hombre a quien
Sc Ie desfgnaba, V al que debia por
traiara mil frances causa Il heri-
Ga el Ia garganta, era precisamente
Jno De esos que habian abusado de Ia
terrible habilidad de espadachin.
-;fi2bra realmente una Provlden-
cia? pers6 eli vizco1de, que hasta en-
fences unicamente habia creido en- ell
-.Azar.
Dvd6 IN uoraento Y pareci5 des-
fallare- on su resolution: pero resono
en- sus c.dos el ruido del ORC y la o
mon6tona del c-oupier anunciando Ell
punsU. Y acto continue Sc diJo:
-Treinta mil frances! Slendo
pru6ente puedo jugar dos meses..-.
qUiz&s mas. Y despues, iqulen sa-
be? Acaso NE p~roteja Ia suerte....
y el iugador fue a coiocarse a Ia
puerta. &c manera que hublese de
:ropez2r con el conde a Ia salida.
-Senores. Gijo el banQcero, es La
Ultima ta,ia: haced juego.
FL senior de Asti, que no habia ju-
.a3a. Inc Ge pronto:
-Itin;icinco luiSes nj negro.
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1918-04-26

ioyen 6isfrazado. Ne habeis dado
suer,r. eli cello os recompensars.
L. G~escoaocida abandOn6 Ia saia de
jueg0.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-12-11
FREEDOM NEWS
ITEMS

Miss Tess Mcclure of Ottawa spent
he week end with Miss Gladys Stock
ley.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chas Mosey of Lee
and were Freedom visitors last FIJI,
day
Raymond Carr visited at the
Richard P ny nome Sunday.
Frank Wright was a Chicago WISH
tor a few days last week.
The Red Cross will meet with Mrs.
Harold Dunn Friday Dec. 18th.
Mr. and Mrs. Cal Sellers and son
Raymond of Sycamore spent Sunday
With Mrs. Sheridan Sellers.
The Phebian Circle will meet with
Miss Mayme Larson Saturday, Dec.
18th.
Mrs Frank Olmstead is on the sick
list this week
Mrs Ida Smith came home from
Marengo last week to spend Xmas
with Mrs. Verne Gardner.
Mr.. and Mrs B. A. F'restad and
children of Mendoza were guests at
Arentsens Sunday,
Professor Byrne of Ottawa preach
I'd in the Luthern church Sunday
morning.
Fremont jameson was a Chicago
visitor last Friday.
Logan Smith of Serena was a Free.
dom visitor Sunday.
Mrs G. J Malone of Grandd Ridge
was a Freedom visitor one day last
week.
Earl Mosey and Richard Terry
were Chicago visitors Monday.
Miss Helen Shaw who teaches near
Sandwich spent the week end with
friends here.
w. r. Pool and Son Donald and
Walter Battles were Chicago visitors
last Thursday.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-12-11
KANSAS CITY TIED UP
BY STREET CAR STRIKE

Kansas City, Mo, Dec 11-KansaS
City business life was virtually par
alyzed this morning as a result of /;
strike of $500 street car employees at
4 o'clock The strike vote, taken
shortly before midnight. came as {
distinct surprise and caught the city
Totally unprepared. Electric ligh'
and power house employees walked
out with the car men, and the city
awOke to darkness this morning.
Failure of the company to secure
an agreement with city officials fol
higher fare rate which would ALLOW
them TO grant the recent war Labor
board raise in salaries for the EN-
ployes is given as the cause of the
move.
Automobiles. jitneys and every
other sort Of vehicle have been i'm
pressed by business men to bring tC
the business sections the great
stream Of men and women employees
in the various packing and other in
dugtries.
No rioting or violence is occurring
although pickets have been sent out
by the striking car men. A warning
against disturbances Of any kind Was
ISSUED late last night by union of
iicials.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-12-11
j, s. SECRET SERVICE
TO AID FRENCH IN
GUARDING WILSON
RECEPTION FOR PRESIDENT
TO BE ENTIRELY FRENCH.

Paris, Dec. 1.-THE American mill.
tary authorities. secret service agents
and the French government will CO.
operate in safeguarding President
Wilson on his visit to France. Elab-
crate precautions nave been taken to
insure absolute safety for the world
famous statesman.
The Official reception to the Presi-
dent in Paris will be entirely French,
as the American executive will be
considered a guest Of the French re
pubic from the moment he lands at
Brest on Friday.
The American army will receive its
commander in chief only when visit.
Ing the front or inspecting the troops
Of occupation At the presidential
residence the private guard will be
composed Of veteran poilus
The American military authorities
uld .rstand that it would be inoppor-
tune to attempt to participate in the
fOrmalties Of reception here when the
French are so eager to show every
hospitality and mark of honor and be-
cause Paris is So accustomed to re-
ceiyiug and caring for official guests.
Nevertheless, the American army
authorities are taking every measure
TO see that President Wilson is fully
protected,
Secret service agents are actively
cooperating With the French detec,
tive3.
Radical clements are particularly
enthusiastic over the coming of the
American President
1t is unlikely that President Wilson
viii review amy troops until he
reaches the front, when both the
Americans and French will arrange
honorary palades. The official recep.
ton in Paris will be of a civilian char.
acter and the President will be re.
ceived here as great diplomat,
rather than as chief commander of
,he second largest navy in the world
and an important army,
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-12-11
City and Vicinity
News

Mrs. J. NJ. Hinton OF West Madison
street has returned home after spend
ing a week in Chicago visiting friends.
Mrs. Rena Shuler returned to her
evening after spending the summer
ON the Pacific coast.
Mrs. George Trimble returned to
her home ON Prospect avenue last
evening after spending the day in
Chicago on business.
Mrs. I.auter of West Madison street,
visited friends in Morris today.
Attorney Clarence Griggs went to
Chicago this morning on a business
visit.
ID. b. Howell of the American China
Co, has returned to his home in Chi
cago after a visit with Ottawa rela.
tives.
Miss Elizabeth Asseltine, superin-
tendent OF Ryburn hospital, went to
Chicago yesterday to attend the pub
lie health conference.
J. ]. Giseke returned to his home
In Chicago this morning after short
visit in Ottawa.
Mrs. Glenn Alsup Of Decatur is Wis
ting at the home of her father, Mi
chael Reardon, on Webster street.
Mr. and Mrs. Norman Jordan OF
Buel, Idaho, have arrived in OF.
tawa to spend a month visiting al
the home OF the atters parents, Mr.
and Mrs. L. G. Williams on Center
| street.
The condition of Chester Pyle. who
IS seriously i'll with pneumonia at his
| home in East Ottawa is unchanged
today.
James Dunn. who has been sta
| toned at Camp Custer. Michigan, has
| been given his honorable discharge
rom the army. and has returned t.
| MS home in this city.
| John A. Hanna was called to vii
| liamsburg, Kas, last evening on &C
| count Of the serious illness Of his son
ROLAND Hanna.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-12-11
SEEKS FACTS FROM
WILSON ON GERMAN
VISIT STATEMENT

Washington, Dee II - Whether
President Wilson was misquoted by
Echo de Paris with reference to the
American Executives reported decliu.
alton Of an invitation to visit Ger
many propably will be known to-
night 1t was announced today that
a radio message had been sent to the
President aboard the George Wash.
ington requesting that he make this
point clear.
According to the Paris paper when
informed he had been invited to Ger.
many President Wilson said only
by long years of repentance can Ger
many atone for her crimes and show
by her actions that any officer would
think 0 visiting Germany unless
forced to do so by strictly official oh.
legations That is to say | decline in
advance to consider any suggestions
of this kind"
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-12-11
GOV. L0WDEN TELLS
WHY CENTRAL POWERS
LOST WORLD WAR

Springfield, Dec ll-Why the Cen
trail powers lost in the world war was
told by Governor Lowden i'm recent
address at a Victory Meeting in Chi.
cago
III this war has meant anything. 1t
has meant that righteousness still
rules the world he said 1T means
that justice, the immutable princi-
pies of right and wrong. are still
more powerful than all the ornaments
Of the world. And when we think Of
the fall of these two great empires
we know Il was because they denied
that Righteousness is supreme; il was
because they defied the moral law: it
was because they dethroned their
God and set un in His stead some
bartaric diety dragged from their
lark forests, and fell down i'll worship
before him; it was because they an
nOunced that might is right that they
failed.
Let us of America remember that
our only security lies in a nation OF
Justice; a nation of righteousness; a
nation which respects the rights OF
every man. no matter how great or
how small.
Let us not for a moment think
hat the majority can be guilty of nc
righteousness or injustice to any
| and still survive. Our government is
| ounded il is true. upon the doctrine
IF the rule of the majority, but more
han that. it is founded upon ideas Of
| liberty and justice everywhere.
There rights-the rights which per
cain to common iustice-are special
and were put above even the power
IF the majority. Therefore our Con
'titution. it is proper and correct t.
say, IS founded upon the controlling
IDEAS of liberty and justice.
My friends, we are safe, we cal
look with steadfast eye into the fu
ture, only as long as we hold to thes,
fundamental doctrines that justice
| liberty and righteousness cannot b,
overruled by any power, whethe
the power Of an armed despot or tn
power of an armed mob Either 1
equally fatal to this country in whic
we live, for which our boys hav
)een giving their lives"
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-12-11
LAB0RING MAN CHARGE
IN co. SANITARIUM JOB

Continued on page 3, col. 81
heard accusations hurled at its mem
bers some steps should be taken t
clarity the situation. He recon
nended that Streuyer and Wilcox fur
nish their afiidayits and what othel
proof they had and present them t.
he sOlons without any more della
han is necessary. He also demanded
hat iStreuver put his allegations into
writing, just as. they had been give
o the board orally. In justice to the
CONTRACTOR, to the architect to Il
committee and to the county board
believe said Mr. Richey, these
,harges should come before us il
some more tanigle form than We have
heard them here today, and for tina
reason | ask that all this matter be
,laced in writing and brought betor'
lis as quickly as possible"
The board was unanimous in reach
ing the same decision. and demanded
If Mr.. Streuyer the Richey order be
obeyed Struever promised to have hi
,harges in writing, together with tn,
ttiidavits In support of his claim, 70,
tomorrow mornings meeting OF tn
,olons.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-12-11
CHICAGO DOCTOR
LEADS THE WORLD IN
FLU PREVENTATIVE
MEOICS FAIL TO DISCOVER THE
ORIGIN OF FLU GERMS-SUP-
POSED TO PASS THROUGH THE
PORES.

Chicago, Dec. ll.-Just as the most
effective preventive OF tiue and pneu
monia has been the vaccine perfected
by DR.. Carl Edward RosenOw, for
'merly of Chicago, so the most prom
ising treatment for pneumonia ono,
it sets in, is an antigen serum evolved
by Dr. Rosenow
The physician is now with the
Mayo Foundation at Rochester, MINI
This came out yesterday in the dis
cussiOns at the session Of the Ameri
can Public Health Association at thu
Morrison Hotel.
1t also transpirad that while thu
epidemic now sweeping the land i.
called influenza. and that the il
iluenza bacillus is found in victims
advanced physicians do not now be
lieye that the influenza germ is prl
marily responsible.
We don't know what it is" the
say frankly, 1T is evident that Their
is some agency which attacks tn
human being. reduces his vitality
and then the influenza and pneumoni
germs get in their work "
DR.. Rosenow himself, and seycra
others, are OF the opinion that a germ
so small that it passes through tn
pores OF the finest porcelain filters
and so is called a filterable organism
is responsible.
Drs. Roux, Nicolle and Lebailly, al
of the Pasteur Institute at Tuns, RI
port the discovery of the presence G
such a germ in influenza cases.
Free trader-journal. (Ottawa, Ill.) 1916-1920, 1918-12-11

year. Miss Berntce Marshall of Serena
gave several readings, Harry and
William Pussy played a Christmas
duet and Miss Mathieson, a ,student
at p. Y. l., c. sang a solo. Miss
Hutchns, "A social hygiene worker in
the employ of the government who
has boon sent TO Ottawa to carry ON
some work here made short talk.
At the close Of the program tea was
served in the dining room. The Of
ficers and program committee Of the
department acted as social com.
mlttee.