davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20

OF State, tells much about it. But
this wonderful book has i,166
pages, and therefore does rot ap-
peal to the average reader. How
ever, its information is clearly ar
ranged. illustrated by excellent
maps and charts; altogether an in
valuable book of reference.
1t is unavoidable that in the
feverish desire to be of assistance,
especially in war time, there
should arise groups of volunteer
women workers too quickly or
ganlzed to make sure that their
effort is not duplication of that
already more effectively carried on
by state agencies. Especially is
that the case where food, educa-
ton, health, Americanization and
agriculture are concerned. In such
work, amateurs lose time if igno-
rant OF the excellent literature put
out officially on such subjects and
OF the accumulated experience
which is freely offered for their
consideration in state departments
and commissions. Then, too, wom-
en- would pay taxes more cheer
fully if they knew what their con-
tributions were accomplishing, and
state departments would be bene-
fitted by sensible, constructive
criticisms from women leading to
wide participation in such work,
for which they are increasingly
demanded.
There are other reasons for fix
ing attention upon the state, and
one of them is the fact that women
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20

placed out in supervised families. Free
distribution of serum used in treatment
OF various diseases. After-care of infan-
tile paralysis. Supervision of diet for all
school children and school luncheons
served free or at cost. School nurses to
guard the health Of children and to pro-
vide first aid in case of accident.
For WOMEN IN INDUSTRY the state
offers:
The use of State Department. of Labor,
which now has Woman's Department..
1t is divided into the following bu-
reaus: Inspection, statistics and informa-
ployment, worlmen's compensation and
such other business as may be required.
For FOOD CONSERVATION AND
PRODUCTS the state offers:
The services of the Department Of
Farms and Markets. This department
executes the laws of the state relative to
the production, transportation, storage,
marketing and distributing of food.
Aids in the development of the agri-
cultural resources of the state, the i'm
provement Of the conditions of rural life,
the settlement of farms and the supply
of farm labor. 1t also co0perates in
establishing local markets and ware
houses and takes action to prevent illegal
acts or practices in the sale, adulteration
and distribution of food. 1t encourages
the raising of cattle, obtains seeds for
planting, organizes schools for teaching
the use of farm tractors and lends trac-
tors at nominal rental. The depart
nlent enrolls farm laborers and organizes
workers in war gardens.
The Conservation Commission assists
in protecting and examining water sup
ply, cu'tivating fish to be placed in state
waters; protecting game. saving from
pollution streams and shellish grounds,
For HEALTH the state offers:
The use of the State Department of
Health, which acts in the interests of the
health and life Of the people of the state.
Among its many vital activities, it super
vises the sale Of food, records mar
riages, births and deaths. Its labora-
tory service furnishes to health officers
and physicians throughout the state aid
in diagnosis, supervision and prevention
OF communicable disease, supplying vac
cines and curative serums free. 1t con-
ducts public health campaigns in very
many communities throughout the state
IN county and town fairs and farmers
oranges. 1t registers midwives, exclud
ing from practice those that are incom-
petent. In connection with the State
CHARITIES Aid Association and the loca'
antl-tuberculosis societies, the depart
ment has secured the provision of TWEEN
ty-nine county tuberculosis hospitals.
tuberculosis clinics and dispensares
have been established in cities To the
National Guard, to the United States
Army and Navy and also to our Allies
in Europe. the department has furn'' he'd
greatly needed vaccines and curative
serums absolutely necessary for the
treatment of the sick. Enforcement Of
the marriage law providing that appli-
-A~n -.
statement that they are free from
venereal diseases is suggestion from
the Health Department.
In NATURAL RESOURCES the state
offers:
New York State is nearly triangular
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20

handled as to be very real blessing.
When we Garyized few schools, one of
the essential ideas Of the Gary system
was not considered; namely, that the
schools at Gary, ILL.,, were planned
to meet the needs of working popula-
ton, and the schools assumed RESPONSE
bility for the child during the whole
working day of it's parents. Thus
father, coming home from work, could
stop at the school and get his little son,
and the working mother would be as
sured that her little ones were not being
run down by mail-trucks or other bel
ligerently driven autos, but that they
were in shop or on the playground or in
the gymnasium, and under competent
care.
Montessori's Casa Bambini at Rome,
was planned for the same thing-the
complete care of the little folk from the
time their mothers must leave them until
they could again assume their care And
1T was working mothers whom the great
Italian educator was especially DESTROYS
of aiding. She was careful to teach the
children to help themselves, so they could
be of use in their homes. This aspect
of Montessori's teaching is given in that
extremely we'll managed place, the Haven
Day Nursery; but / Go not know if it
is done in other Montessori schools.
This matter of caring for the children
during the entire working day will be
imperative next winter, when so many
mothers are of necessity working outside
their own homes. And the more children
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20
1anOs- In Bulk
and ON the HOOf
By MAY BOSNIAN
THE. warning countries the q

THE. warning countries the great
est amount of prosperity exists
among the working classes, particu-
larly among munition workers. Whole
families in England who were in a state
OF desperate poverty before the WAY are
now earning "big money" The drink
curse. has diminished and their health
is being looked after carefully by the
firms which employ them. Their oppor-
tunities for spending money are con-
fined almost entirely to amusement and
to better ways of living-and sometimes
the results make humorous reading.
"A workman from the East End of Lon
don-that slummiest of great city's
slums-came into business street one
day not long ago to purchase a piano.
De bought in England to-day and it is
not too much to say that any private in
dividual who purchases one Of these be-
longs exclusively to the lower classes Of
working people-men and women who
nave never had instruments before and
cannot play. Just what they do with
those that have no mechanical attach
ment Is not made clear by the story
tellers.
~ Inc purchase price Of the piano was
5oo, about $3.50 of our money. The East
Eng workman pulled out roll Of notes
ana began to count them off. When he
nad reached $50 the salesman put out his
That's correct" said he.
., put the workman went on counting.
Inc piano is but f50," protested the
yMalesman. The purchaser paid no heed.
a,e Went on counting in spite of further
Explanations on the part Of the salesman
lie stopped at 500. GIVE me two
p'anos,'' said he. eve have two rooms"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20
Have We
Prussianized School System?

This America of ours is a democracy.
It is more imperative than ever that our
boys and girls become brave, outstanding,
fearless, capable citizens, each with his
peculiar gift or aptitude given a chance
for development. In the hands Of these
We must give them a clear conception
of democracy as we value democracy.
Yet boys and girls were supposed to
learn citizenship from class whom the
Federal government SO far does not con-
slider competent to exercise the rights Of
citizenship-women. They form the ma
jority of our teachers.
And how can they learn democracy
from people who are living and working
under system that is purely autocratic?
Are teachers to learn that we in Ameri-
ca preach one thing and practise an
other? They are dealt with as if they
were employees Of the Board of Educa-
ton. In many of our better managed in
the board of directors. Teachers have
no representation on the Board of Edu-
cation. Yet in reality the teachers are
the servants Of the people and employed
by the taxpayers. Women voters-and
that includes women teachers-will have
something to say on this subject, and
it will be blessed day for our schools
when they say it.
All the important advances in educa-
ton have come through men or women
outside the school systems. The Gary
system was not an educators work. The
plan was the result of the townsfolk get
ting together to plan system that fitted
the needs of their children.
That, emphatically, is what we must
do in New York. And we must do it by
districts and by groups. New York is
too big and too varied for wholesale ac-
ton in such matters to be successful. The
needs of different communities are diff
ferent; their resources are different. And
this winter we can use all our resources.
We need getting together of school
committees, teachers, fathers and mothers,
and especially aunts with spare time.
And then, school by school, we can fit
each to the needs of the children who
attend it, cooperating with every possible
, child welfare agency. So shall we meet
our problem, and the sooner We get to-
gether on it the better.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20

will have chance to help his mother
and to put in part time at remunerative
work, which in many households will be
necessary. This should be under school
supervision or it is quite possible the
work may be too hard or otherwise un-
suitable. For others there should be
Fairgrounds, gymnasium, library, the
chance to learn cooking, marketing, sew
ing and dressmaking.
Marketing is especially necessary Few
teachers realize what small youngsters
must often do the family buying. Of
course they "oughtn't to'-all the same
they have to. Mother is away, or can't
leave the baby.
There should be carpentry; and Louise
Brigham-she of the clever and prac-
tical "box furniture" have some
thing to do with that
There should be a study room-per-
haps in nearby parish house, where
the child may work in a peace to which
he probably can't attain in the tiny
apartment which is his home.
Minds in
Uniform
This winter we ought to cut some
scholastic red-tape and fit the schools
to the needs Of the community instead
of holding to our practice of putting
every child into the same mental uniform
irrespective of individuality. That
superintendent can take out his watch
and know what every child is doing at
a precise moment is no matter for con-
graduation. Probably many prison
warden could do the same with respect
to the inmates in his charge.
And teachers should have more lee
way. Ever since the world began, good
teaching has been the result of bringing
together an able man or woman and a
group of children whom the teacher
taught according to his best ability, and
not after a strict pattern handed to
him by some one else.
But now we have such respect for our
lock-step system that we allow no one
to teach even handicraft who is not
teacher by profession, no matter how
commercially successful he may be in his
craft. At the same time we show such
contempt for the intelligence of the in
dividual teacher that her work is ex-
actly planned for her, as if the school
were a factory and she a factory hand
on piece work. Yet, if the teachers GER
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20
Nv FRANCES DUNCAN MANNING

TT is time for that hardy annual, the
usual hue and cry about the scandal
of the Part Time schedule for
school-chldren, to make it's appearance.
In SO much as this is the result of a
lack of provision for the needs Of the
children, lack of space and lack of
schools, and especially lack of proper
attention, it is indeed scandal
But the thing itself is not an unmixed
evil. No less a person than the noted
educator G. Stanley Hall has said-nay,
asseverated and backed up his assevera-
tons with statistics and records and
authenticated testimony-that children
learn more in three hours than they do in
five; that in the last two hours they
make mistakes, get wrong impressions,
and do work that has to be done over and
corrected next day. Another bad result
of long hours is that the child's instinct
Of representation teaches him not to
concentrate. Three hours of concentrated
work, even with the recess period, is en-
hausting enough for any one. The two
additional hours of work when he is
tired make the child save himself and
take all his work more easily-and more
lnertly; which is an unfortunate thing to
lpavn
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20
Home Work and
The Working Mother

The longer hours Of the old-f4s hioned
district school"-nine until four-al-
though far too long, were not SO exhaust
ing to child, because close attention was
not expected of him all the time. He
was supposed to learn his next days les
sons while others were reciting; he could
study what he chose-provided he was
prepared when reciting time came; and
# he had not energy enough for arith-
metlc, he could look over his reading les
son, or an interesting part in his geog-
raphy, or draw map. Books were al
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20

interest as q tired scrubwoman attack
ing her nights labor.
There is no quicker way Of taking JOY
out of work than by supervising and
instructing any one how to do job that
he understands perfectly and by not al
lowing the victim to work in his own
way. Any housewife knows it's one of
the quickest ways to lose good cook.
The more an artist the person is at his
job, the less he can stand being told con-
stantly how to do it. 1t takes away all
joy, all interest, all initiative. This prac-
tice has left it's mark on teachers, for in
all the city there is no class in whom in
tellectual timidity is so marked They
must have authority for any opinion, an
official 0. K. for the slightest departure
from precedent-and more likely repri-
mand for having thought of it. If they
want advancement, they must work with
their eye on the superintendent rather
than on the class.
Children are like plants-very various
and very different in their needs-and in
relation to them the teacher is the gar
dener. She it is who is in close contact
and is best able to help the individual to
fullest development. Our system makes
her into sort of machine, empowered
only to carry out the instruction of some
one higher up who is in less direct con-
tact than she with the problems.
l do not believe the intense reverence
Gators is shared by thinking men and
women of professions outside the schools.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20
The Part Time evil"
Really a Blessing

fancy that the one objection of
parents to part time is that they fear
their child isn't getting quite all the edu-
cation that should be coming to him, but
more likely the chief objection is that
they then have the children ION their
hands for so much more of the day. One
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20

There were fifty-nine cities in the state
in 1916.
In 1915 1872 per cent. of the states
population were citizens; 1853 per cent.
aliens.
In 1916 there were 4,845 Indians in
the state whose interests are cared for
by attorneys or agents supported by the
Governor. No liquor may be sold to
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20
The Anti Doth Pro-
test Too Much
By SARAH ADDINCTON

TN Boston, the home of anti-suffrape.
T.. F. F., of THE Boston Tran
script has just published a poem
that suffragists of the Bay State arc
passing around with gleeful chuckles.
The publication came just at the height
Of an anti-suffrage dollar drive" which
adds piquancy to the situation. Tho
poem is as follows:
OUR MoDERNIsT GALLERY
The Anti-Sutfragist
Without a blush
She proclams
Her intellectual inferiority.
She asserts that she
Has not the mind
To think about
Or TO decide
Grave questions
OF public moment
And she audaciously pronounc.s
All other women
As feeble as herself.
She does not want to vote
And like the dog in the manager
She seeks
To keep the ballot
From those women
Who know their fitness for it.
In recent days
She has utterly
Renowned argument,
And has descended
TO the depths Of vituperatson
And the calling Of Lanes.
Like a certain woman
OF bygone days
She doth protest too much
e p
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20

in shape. It's greatest distance, east and
west, is about 1926 miles; from New York
Harbor to Canada, 1925 miles.
Area Of state about $4,000 square
miles.
Population about 100000.
Cities contain 74.8 per cent. of the en-
tire state population.
Greater New York has 50 per cent of
the whole population.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20

Indians The Indian reservations in New
York State are as follows:
Allegheny Reservation, in Cattaraugus
County.
Cattaraugus Reservation, in Erie, Cat
taraugus and Chautauqua counties.
Oneida Reservation, four miles south
of Oneida.
ST. Regis Reservation, in Franklin
County.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20

tificate stands for anything, if the train
ing schools are any good, presumably
she knows how to teach. Then why. in
Heavens name, can't we let her use her
sense and "gumption" in the matter?
The test, and the only proper test, of her
ability is her success with a class when
let alone.
A Cure for Too Much
Liberty: More Liberty
A new teacher was being installed
IN an excellent school in Canada. "There
is the library said the principal; land
the study room, with long tables and
chairs-and the garden--and ell out
doors. Take your class where you hke!"
A teacher in the New York schools
would faint with establishment at being
given such liberty. Yet suppose the
child's halliday were given into the
teachers keeping with Just so much
Hberty-there could be manual training
lessons for those who liked it, music les
sons for others, trips to parks and gar
dens and museums and the hosts of in
teresting historical points about New
York. Nothing very dreadful would hap
pen, and the teacher could find out the
abilities of the different youngsters as
she couldn't do otherwise
believe this over-supervison, this
enforced Prussianistic lock-step, is one
of the chief causes OF nervous exhaus-
ton among teachers, and of the pheno-
menon any one may observe who has any
acquaintance at all among teachers: that
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-20

worthy gentleman used to assert that the
lure Of the Sunday afternoon nap WAS
the reason many Il parent sends his child
to Sunday school!
Now this part time evil can be SO
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1918-05-17
MISS CABOT, HISTORIAN.
Bratt'eboro Woman Elected to Impor
tant Office in Colonial Danes.

The 10Th annual meeting of the Ma.
tlonal society of Colonial Danes in Yer
mont was held Wednesday in Burling-
ton. Visiting members were enter
tanned at luncheon by Mrs. i. Holmes
jackson, wife Of the mayor, and Mrs
II. Nelson Jackson. Mrs. J. A. Mead
'of Rutland, president, delivered an ad-
dress
During the last year the society has
contributed money for Plymouth me-
mortal and hospital ship given by the
national society to the government.
Money was also voted during the wear
for woman hospital in France and
for the support of French orphans A
resume of the activities of the societies
III other states was given by the his
torian,, Miss Mary Rogers Cabot of
Brattleboro. The following officers were
elected
President, Mrs John Abner Mead Of
Rutland; first vice president, Miss Mary
Austin of Burlington: second vice pres
ident, Mrs. J. Holmes Jackson of Bur
lington; secretary, Mrs. George Allen
Laird of Rovalton; treasurer, Mrs.
Charles II. Darling of Burlington; reg
istrar, Mrs. Perley Hazen of st. Johns.
bury; historian, Miss Mary Rogers
Cabot of Brattleboro.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1918-05-17
WEST MORTIFIED, MASS

Leroy Spiller is home from Middle
bury college for vacation.
Elijah Bedding Of Springfield has
come to his farm here TO stay this sum
mer.
Mrs. c. ". LaBounty of Cambridge
Vt, who has been at D. H. Mack 5 two
weeks caring for the baby, went home
Tuesday, taking the little one TO stay
with her for the present.
George Day spent the weekend il
Jamaica with his mother and sister
Mrs. Daggett, and took a long auto
mobile ride Sunday to Windsor Mrs
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1918-05-17
EASY CAPTURE OF
BLACK SEA FLEET
&l
German Correspondent Says
Few Ships at Sebostopol
Were Serviceable
As NOTABLES SHOT
BY THE BOLSHEVIKI
General Korniloff and His Force Re-
ported to Have Joined General Dutoff
at Orenburg -Ukraine's Official Title
Changed.

AMSTERDAM, May 1.-THE Ber-
liner Tageblatt s special commissioner
to the Ukraine, Leonard Adeit, in a tele-
gram dated at Odessa, May -, gives
the following particulars concerning the
capture of the Russian Black sea fleet ::
When the Germans entered Sebas-
topol the sailors executive commission
placed the fleet at the disposal of the
I krainian Peoples Republic. 1t was
found afterward however, that the
bunkers of the ships were empty and
that a majority of the vessels had been
so neglected that only the battleship
Eolga and the cruisers Pamyat and Mer-
kuria were in serviceable condition.
The remainder of the feet consisted
of tae battleships Rostislay, the cruiser
Potemkin, and number of torpedo
boats and submarines and 20 transports.
The protected motor boat fiotilla al
ready had been seized at Odessa, as had
been the new war vessels living on the
slips. The latter consisted of a dread
nought of $4,000 tons of the 1911 class,
two protected cruisers of 1900 tons
each, and two unprotected cruisers.
Z" At Sebaspotol the Bolsheviki shot
10 notables, including Rear Admirals
Sachs and Lvoff, and four captains and
two colonies. The BolsheN k had de.
manded 20,000,000 ruble8 from the city
of Odessa and 100000 rubles from
Sehastopoi. but the wholesale execution
of the leading citizens of these two
places were prevented by the timely ar
rival of the German troops
Herr Adelt says that General Korni-
LOFT has gone to Orenburg to join forces
with the Cossack Hetman Dutoff
korniloff, he adds, is supposed to have
a force of $4,000 men, but the number
varies daily, as his men, like the Boil
shevlki, come and 90 as they please.
1t Is noteworthy, the correspondent
concludes, that the official name of the
ukraine now is . The Jksainian State.
instead of the Ukrainian Peoples Re
public.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1918-05-17

Bill introduced in Congress to Prevent
Foreign Interests in Any Way from
Obtaining Financial Holding in Yards
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1918-05-17
DE MAR TO FORT sLocUM
Noted Distance Runner Ordered to Re
port the 9th.

BOSTON, May T.-Clarence III. De Mar
one of the best known long distance run
ners in the country, was ordered YES
terday to report with other draft men
from his district, at Fort slocum, \. Y,
the 9th, De Mar first attracted national
attention in 1916 when he won the Boston
athletic association marathon race from
Ashland to Boston, distance of % miles.
lowering the record made by Tom Long
boat, the lndianrunner De Mar also won
various other long distance runs in the
east and was one of the team which rep.
resented the United States in the mar.
athon at the last Olympic gaines at Stock
holm Much interest attached 70 his rae
ing success decause he attributed his STAN
ina to a vegetarian diet.