Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-04-06
(ERRY BUSH
CALLED Am
LY OF KAISER
Bush Can Infect
Square Miles in
! Short Time.

sNsfI6EHS fEElive in the northern part Of
|hes1 8ssippi valley, destroy your
parbA @sbush. The kaiser has few
atltes2 ~ ssa potent than this attractive
9ttiesS Specialists of the U. S. de-
9hrtn4 Rof agriculture declare that
ne q mon barberry (Barberis vul-
kartga l. mi least partly responsible for
BIRTH 1a1e severe epidemics of the9
tiackSYal ID rust that frequently cause.
4uchssMSS1Ous losses to the farmers of
The 16fetngs wheat bclt. Oats, barley
and r11Qq4s also infected by the same
S@In srealm of contagious diseases.
sertA 32Sysss people are sometimes de-
q Carriers" They are them
" nmune to the attack of the
.errnM& hey merely carry 1t about on
kheiEssN Mons and convey it to others.
BED 6mon barberry bush performs
sin skr N function. 1t Affords shelter
md d 4stshment to the spores of the
blacl5S@tNm rust in the spring, and
spores which it scatters
thGA4XkHEinds to be blown broadcast
oversS SRsyoung wheat.
~ 5S&epecies of grain rust produces
4s of spores: Z Summer spores
andsd eer spores. The summer spores
are Actious to wheat, q number of
othel Erains, and to certain grasses.
Thes eepores are direct spreaders Of
The \ base. but they r p~erishab,e.
TheySkannot live through the>. cold
wint41 the northern Mississippi
yalle91 The whole family of black
r0stssS1higlht thus be destroyed in a
slnglSSseason in the spring wheat
statetSn it were not for the %bounteous
impaftfality which Mother Nature ex-
hibitsS toward her good and bad Off
spring. To provide against the de-
ettuckslnnaof the. rust, winter spores are
prodJlEed toward the. end Of the warm
Thee winter spores infect only the
colnnxQpgn barberry. They cause a
growth on the barberry leaf and
stemssswhich lasts through the coolest
winter weather. When spring comes
ahdExeAe weather. is again mild, these
9eoWfhs throw off summer spores. The
SUMMER spures are waited over the
fields9Sof spring wheat where they
find Judgement upon the young wheat
plant. They sapt it's strength and
cause It to sicken and die
"A single barberry bush can infect
many square miles of territory. The
fresh winds Of May and June carry
fIom county to county; FROM state to
Aate;S across rivers, lakes and hills.
Like all the %perishable seeds, these
little germs are produced in
quantities. Each infected
plant develops more spores and
spreads them still further as the
spring progresses. Once a field of
grainsis infected. enormous numbers of
spores are formed and the p%cstilence
Is communicated to other fields of
wheat, oats. barley and y in that
vicinity. The seriousness Of this
nenacc/fo our national bread supply
may be judged from the u. S. depart
n1ent OF agriculture's estimate that
black rust was the principal factof in
reducing the y!e,d of wheat alone in
North Dakota, South Dakota; Montana
4 nd Minnesota by nearly 100000. 900
bushes in 1916. Think of it! 20O, 000,-
40 bushels of wheat can be converted
INTO flour enough to bake.120.O0 O, 0OO.-
200 one-pound loaves of5White bread,
or $50, 900, 900, 900 one-poxndaY1ctory
loaves.
The common barberry bush must
SO, There are twelve states in the
upper Mississippi valley where it's, de-