davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-09-04

FOR SALE-One furnace. Call at
627 Orleans avenue.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-09-04

WANTED-A good boy for delivering
groceries. Ike Bork. 1900 Main.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-09-04

for general house
work. small family. Phone TO-
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-09-04

FOR SALE-A horse; price $50. 1922
Carroll street.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-09-04

wANTED-Cashier at Syngel cafe.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-09-04
WANTED-Lady cook. Call 12s.

Memberships boy at Shee-
hans Cigar store.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-09-04
Just Think of 9x12 Body Brussels Ru


having short pile and all the yarn DYED WIN @
hundred this Immediate SELECTION u
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1918-09-04

WANTED-To buy second hand
stove. Phone 9S9.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
Government Has
Labor 8 Confidence

On The yhc'c, ther, tie Industrial
Llouble areas are much fewer and
more restricted than they were
year ago or even six months ago.
The government has won the con-
tidence of organized labor, which is
now in a mood where it anticipates
little occasion to exert itself vigor~
ously. Indus+~;"l seec. a. 80 ap~
pears to be a solid possibility.
That it will assure continuous
production now seems certain. But
whether it Will assure maximum
production is still question. The
unions are loath to relax their ira
ditional policies against maximum
policies once adopted to
guard against what they believed to
DC an unfair advantage always taken
OF their increased efforts. 1t is gen~
orally assumed, of course, by gov
ernment agencies that union men
entering into agreements will work
their hardest and best. But facts
as to the actual per capita increase
Of production under the new regime
are still lacking
Perhaps that question is next or
the schedule Of the new all-power.
full War Labor Board.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

least, a cumbersome process, and
these promises, contingent on the
employers performance of his part
of the contract, would mean ten or
twenty million potential labor dis
putes to settle.
Obviously, it is to the nations ad-
vantage that the job should be done
wholesale. Under a system of col
lective bargaining the nation by
agreeing with one man can agree
with ten or a hundred thousand
Moreover, when the men have au-
thorized their freely elected repre-
sentatives to bind them to an agree
ment, they feel a collective respon-
sibility for carrying out that agree
ment. And this responsibility which
they assume, not only toward the
employer and the government but
also toward their chosen and trusted
representatives, is one of the great
est moral assets which a nation can
have in its industrial populations
Indeed, so evident are the advan-
tages Of collective bargaining in
stabilizing war work that it is now
being widely questioned whether it
will not be advantageous to continue
and extend the system after the war.
Abolished Blacklist
Among Machinists
Since the Presidents action in the
Western Union case both workers
and employers have shown a ten
dency to rush TO cover, either under
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
Eight-Hour Day
Made a Basic Rule

The inclusion in the boards de-
cisions Of the three union planks, the
basic eight-hour day, the minimum
wage and equal pay, was assured by
the precedents of government agree
ment with labor IN connection with
the building of cantonments and
other war industries. The precedent
of the railway brotherhoods' victory
in the matter of the basic eight-hour
day is likewise powerful. Labor ex-
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

poets the board in decision soon to
be made public to extend the basic
elght-hour day to one of the great
industries which has most bitterly
fought it in the past.
In recent statement, issued with
out reference to any particular dis
pute, the board framed as a supple
mentary principle the readjustment
OF wages in conformity with the
varying cost Of living, at intervals of
not less than six months. This gen.
eral principle that "wages should
not lag behind the cost of living"
Tin other words, that "real wages"
should not be allowed to diminish
through the action of economic
forces) is one Of farreaching i'm
portance.
1t is generally believed that this
principle, if consistently applied
through a period Of years, would re-
move one of the chief causes Of la
Dor unrest. The enforcement might
be egregiously cumbersome, but it is
expected that some machinery will
be devised to make its operation as
nearly automatic as possible.
Doubtless some official "cost of liv-
ing curve" will be established, by
which all wage adjustments may be
made in each industry for the period
of the war without the intervention
of an outside agency.
The boards statement, of course.
allows for the decrease as well as
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
he protection Of the War Labor

the protection Of the War Labor
Board or that of similar agencies
adopting it's policies. For instance,
just before the Presidents decision
was announced some of the ma
chinists in war industries in Bridge
port, Conn.,, called strike, but Of
fered to submit their case unre-
servedly to the board and abide by
it's decision, whatever it might be.
They asked the employers to agree.
Within two days after the Presi-
dents action the employers did SO
agree, and not only those directly
concerned, but all engaged in similar
work in the city. The decision of
the board abolished the black list and
ordered the Unemployment of work.
men discharged for union activity.
About the same time there oc-
Cured trouble in some of the New
England textile towns. In Lowell
the men, through their national pres
ident, offered to submit their case
to Henry B. Endlcott, of the State
Committee Of Public Safety. The
employers agreed, and an award
was returned in conformity with the
national board principles, including
a Is per cent raise. A similar strike
was likewise settled in the textile
mills of Manchester, N. H. In
Lawrence Mr.. Endicott granted a
fiat so per cent raise in wages and
at the same time abolished the bonus
system, which the men regarded as
a weapon against collective bargain
ing. Recently the Emergency Fleet
Corporation adopted the board poll
cies to govern it's relations with it's
employees, numbering $4,000 men.
The process is likely to be accelera-
ted rather than retarded in the
future.
The tactics Of the board and of all
similar agencies in such cases have
generally s~an 20 Grxnt tho full do
mands of the men IN return for the
desired promise not to threaten
strike again during the war (though
the right to appeal for a raise in
wages to meet an increased cost of
living is reserved to them). In
Lowell, Mass, the men asked for q
Is per cent increase. The employers
granted 10 per cent, and in some
cases 121s per cent promptly But
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

of New York, and another the
Brooklyn Rapid Transit system.
AS it happened, the legality of
this ruling, made last month, was
sustained in court at almost the
same time On July 3, Judge James
B. Newman, in the Chancery Court
of Nashville, Tenn, set aside an in
junction granted the Nashville Rail-
way and Light Company enjoining
representatives of organized labor
from inducing any Of its employees
to become members of labor unions
in violation of their contracts with
the railway company.
Any such contracts, the court held,
are void, since they conflict with
President Wilson's proclamation of
April 8. establishing the War Labor
Board. Though this ruling might
be contested in the higher courts,
such a move would be most unpopu-
lar at the present time, and is hardly
probable.
Thus the three weapons which or
ganized labor has in the past most
feared have gone to the junk heap
through the action of the executive
department of the Federal govern
ment.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

the increase Of wages In conformity
with this principle, but few persons
seriously anticipate the former con-
tingency SO long as the war lasts.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
I ransit Systems
May Be Next
America s Bargain With Labor

or dmahua ahewar
H Of form orI rInunms
hhe have in ntfugam
Or ;he NiduL which
N
d dpym
Rcorhno fHe basic
m dto
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

t11c lIlCHcdSc VI wages III COII OIHllLy
with this principle, but few persons
seriously anticipate the former con-
tingency SO long as the war lasts.
Board May Make
Unions Mandatory
Perhaps the most surprising of all
the boards actions is that which
makes it in effect an agency for the
actual organization of unions where
none existed before. Far from dis
couraging the formation of unions.
it has made their formation almost
mandatory. In the decision on the
General Electric case, before men
toned, the board announced on July
/ that it's staff will devise a sys-
tenn of elections by which workers
may choose committees to represent
them in dealing with the employing
firm. Up to this time the company
has not recognized either committees
or individuals representing groups
OF the workers"
In other words, the board insists
that in each industry over which its
jurisdiction has been acknowledged
the workers shall take on some sort
of corporate existence.
There is, Of course, no compulsion
to make the men call themselves
labor union or to affiliate with ma
tional unions, but there is an abso-
lutte guarantee that they shall be
free to do so if they like, and shall
be recognized by their employers in
any legal corporate form which they
choose to assume. Further, such
local association cannot be made into
company union," patronized and
controlled by the employer, against
the employees will. This point is
one of the several which were clear
ly established in the Western Union
case.
In short, it is now evident that the
United States government consid-
ers labor unions essential to the
winning Of the war-the more the
better. The reason is not difficult
to find. What the govl cnment seeks
above all else is the assurance, the
binding promise, that there will be
no more strikes during the war. To
draw up ten or twenty million idi-
vidusl promises would be, to say the
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

everything they can to win the war.
We don't want to make trouble.
We have the power, for we could
tie up the whole country with
single telegram. But we are using
that power for the good Of the
nation.
owe have minor disputes pend
ing with the War Labor Board, but
we aren't worrying about them.
And there are trouble areas still.
especially among the mines of the
Rocky Mountain states and the
metal mines of Minnesota. But we
are inclined to think these troubles
will straighten themselves out"
Mr.. Lords statement, like Mr..
Green's, is guarded. The "soft ped
al" is an official policy with organized
labor just now. Colorado and Mime
sofa are very sore spots to organized
labor, and in ordinary times would
be the objects of extremely aggres-
sive action on the part of the unions.
But it is believed the labor leaders
expect the War Labor Board to get
on the job soon in these localities,
and in The meantime are avoiding
which might look like a
chip on the shoulder.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
Safeguarding Unions
Now Public Policy

But the right to extend existing
organizations brought on some
sharp contests. Such was the dis
pute Of the ST. Paul and Minneapo-
lis street railway employees over the
wearing of union buttons, dis
pute decided adversely to the men
by the Minnesota Public Safety
Commission, but now under the
boards jurisdiction, with prospects
of a reversal And such, too, was
the critical "Western Union case,"
which threatened the existence of
the board until President Wilson
came to its support.
But once the board had recog-
nized the fright to organize" (and
not, as some supposed, merely the
right to maintain existing organiza-
tions) it came face to face with the
various expedients which employers
have adopted for crushing uuionism
or preventing its growth. These,
with such authority as it had, the
board declared outlaw.
First, it ruled against the dis
charging of men for union member
ship in the Western Union case,
Mr. Taft stating the point clearly
when he said, II do not think our
policies include the closed non-union
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

the union leaders wanted not 80
much an increase as the award Of an
official agency acting under board
policies. They received their Is per
cent, and likewise, by implication, all
the privileges accorded by the board.
They freely and gladly surrendered
their right to any subsequent strike
during the war.
Thus one industry after another
is being brought into the general
contract against strikes. Once given
all they ask, the men can be readily
pledged.
The results are cumulative.
Stringent anti-strike agreements are
becoming fashionable. This would
have been impossible except for the
boards liberal policies toward labor.
Little Trouble
On the Horizon
A review Of the general labor sit
uation and Of the opinions Of the
leaders shows that much of the
country is already in line, and that
most Of the trouble still on the hori-
zon is rather dissolving than crys-
tallizing. The textile industry, ac-
cording to the testimony of John
Golden, national president Of the
Textile Union, is quiet since the re-
cent awards in New England.
eve shall, Of course, continue to
organize the industry as we have
done in the past" said Mr.. Golden.
"But we believe that any disputes
which arise can be settled without
resort to a strike, according to the
precedent Of the New England
awards. There is no open anti
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

union policy among the employers
and we do not expect to be hampered
in organization"
incidentally, Mr.. Golden betrayed
the attitude Of many union leaders
toward government or state media
ton in recounting the Lowell story.
"When offered to leave the whole
matter to official mediation" he said
"they applauded me, as though I had
made some great concession"
Labor nowadays makes no conces-
sion when it submits it's case to
board policies. But many persons
are not SO conscious of this fact as
the labor men themselves.
AS 1t Affects
Coal Miners
The coal mining industry, which
in many parts of the country is
thoroughly organized, is solidly
bound to the government policies
and no serious trouble need be ex-
pected. William Green, president
Of the United Mine Workers of
America, states:
"By agreement with Secretary
Of Labor Wilson and DR.. Garfield
all labor grievances arising at the
coal mines are referred to the fuel
administration for final settlement.
BY this plan labor disputes are net
handled by the War Labor Board.
Mine employees are accorded the
right to organize. They will be
taken in as members of our organi-
cation when they ask for adrnis-
sion."
In this guarded statement it is
clearly implied that, though organi-
cation will go steadily on, the unions
will not push their campaign in such
a way as to threaten disputes. Never
theless unionization in the coal mines
may be expected at an accelerated
rate.
The testimony of James Lord,
president of the Mining Department
of the American Federation of La
Dor, is to the same effect. He said:
Our men will continue to do
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
immediate Formation of Unions in All Biz Industries EIGHT
t1our Lay and Minimum Wage Practically Conceded
Machinery of War Labor Board With Presidents Power,
Behind It, Working to Eliminate the Few Trouble Snos
snop' ruling Immediately sus-
'ained by President Wilson.

Shop ruling Immediately sus-
fained by President Wilson.
AGAIN, it ruled against any
oiack list" system in the case Of the
Bridgeport Essential industries. ("
following a similar ruling by the
United States Shipping Board in the
case OF the Great Lakes seamen. At
Bridgeport it ordered that men dis
charged for union membership be
taken back, and the ruling was ac-
cepted by the employers.
Finally, the individual contract" {"
which has in the past proved one of
the most effective weapons against
unionism, was declared void in the
case Of the General Electric Works
at Pittsfield, Mass. The board ruled
that such of the contracts as are
now in existence be eliminated and
that the company be directed to
make none in the future" And the
board added, with what would seem
to be a menacing gesture, sIndi-
vidual contracts prevail in a large
number of industrial establishments
in the country"
Transit Systems
May Be Next
Such "industrial establishments. :"
one gathers, are next in line for the
boards ministrations. One of them.
it is interesting to note, is the In
terborough Rapid Transit Company
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

were handled in ever larger patches,
and passed up to ever higher tribu-
nails, until they reached a wholesale
status and rested, for all practical
purposes, in the hands of the Presi-
dent himself. There is evidence.
too, that this evo luton was not the
result of chance, or even of inexor-
able economic necessity, but of a
far-fiung plan, carefully drawn up
in the White House itself and pa
tiently executed.
The National War Labor Board,
as is we'll known, entered upon it's
duties early last April, to mediate
in industrial disputes to the end
that "there should be no strikes or
lockouts during the war" Before
it set UP shop it made up it's mind
what the fprice" would have to be,
based not only upon abstract justice
and generally accepted principles,
but also (as is inevitable in practi-
cal affairs) upon the potential
power of the parties concerned. The
power of labor, it seems to have
concluded, would prove very great
If brought to an open test (Which
was exactly what the board sought
to avoid). Accordingly, on one or
the other of the premises, labor re-
ceived most Of the advantage in the
preliminary statement of principles.
1.-THE right of the workers."
said the board, "to organize in
trade unions and to bargain COL
lectively through chosen repre-
sentatives is recognized and af-
6rmed. This right shall not be
denied, abridged or interfered
with by the employer. in any man.
ner whatsoever"
Further, union standards of
wages, hours and conditions, as we'll
as all legal safeguards and regula-
tions for the protection Of the work
ers' health and safety, were to be
maintained as they stood. BY the
time the board had come into exist
ence the preservation both of union
standards and of legal safeguards
had become virtually public policy.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
Building Trades
Bound to Peace


ing to the testimony of the leaders,
no trouble need be feared so long
as the war lasts. "Most of our
unions which are working directly
or indirectly for the government"
said William J. Spencer, president of
the Building Trades Department of
American Federation of Labor, "are
working under agreements which
bind them not to strike. The con-
dltlons are satisfactory to us. Any
disputes which arise will be settled
by the local committee, or by the
proper boards in the various gov
ernment departments"
The comparative calm in the
building trades unions is partly TO
De explained by the agreement, the
first of its kind, entered into with
the carpenters on the cantonments,
through the Labor Adjustment
Board Of the War Department, at
the very beginning of the war. The
generosity and promptness of the
award to the men created a certain
confidence at the very beginning.
The garment trades are in gen.
eral very well unionized, and are
new for the most part working un-
der satisfactory agreements. This
condition again flows from the
strenuous efforts made early in the
war by the government to abolish
sweatshop conditions in the making
of uniforms. In New York de-
mand for an increase made by the
locals of the international Ladies'
Garment Workers was promptly
granted, less than ten days ago, at
q few quiet conferences.
Ready to Attack
in Cleveland
One trouble spot appears on the
horizon in this industry, however.
That is Cleveland, where the strong
garment workers union was COM
pletely broken some six or seven
years ago. The Ladies Garment
Workers Union, being of an ag
gressive disposition, expects to at
tack Cleveland strongly in the
next few weeks, following the tao
tics Of the men in the Western
Union case, in order to restore
l'.-ionism there. But here again
the trouble may very possibly be an.
riclpated by the War Labor Board.
OF an adjustment board of the War
Department.
Nearly all the unions are work
ing now under the inestimable ad-
antage Sc ao.ns worn somehow r,
lated to the war. Strange as it
may sound, the Ladies' Garment
Workers are in this category, since
many of their shops have switched
to mems uniforms. Quantity enough,
even the corset makers, who might
be supposed to be the one wholly
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1918-08-07
PERSONALS
Observation-Disclosures

Levi Krake was down from
Donaldson Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Mishak are
entertaining relatives at their
farm home north of the county
seat.
Miss Fern Scott is entertain
ing her mother Mrs. Marion,
who arrived Monday from Min
ocqua.
Mrs. E. F. Hayward of Rum
meles. has returned to her home
from Fayette, Iowa after having
spent four months in an Iowa
hospital.
Herman Jonker returned last
week from Chicago accompanied
by a son, who assisted in bring
ing home a new car which Mr..
Jonker had purchased in that
city.
DIR. and Mrs. D. J. O'Connor,
accompanied by Mrs. Geo. E.
O'Connor, left last week for APP
pleton, having spent several
days here the guests of Mr.. and
Mrs. O'Connor.
Mrs. Fred Dobbs of Conover
came down last Saturday to
Eagle River, returning in the
afternoon accompanied by her
mother from Elcho, who was on
her way to Conover for a visit.
Mr.. and Mrs. James Morgan,
Mr.. and Mrs. Grant Cook and
son Louis returned home We'd
nesday from a two weeks trip
down state, using the Cook car
taking in the many points of in
terest and visiting old-time
friends.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Richard
arrived Sunday morning for an
outing in the lake region, being
guests of the latter's sister, Mrs.
Thos. MacquHker. Mrs. Richard
will be remembered in Eagle Riv-
er as Miss Anna Flanagan.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1918-08-07
Star Lake Girl Married.

Mr.. and Mrs. Wood Rayburn
of Star Lake announces the mar
riage of their daughter Evelyn
Pearl to Private Henry S. Dy-
kema of Jefferson Barracks, St.
Louis, Mo-, at the home of the
brides brother r. w. Rayburn,
Chicago, August 8, 1918.
The ceremony was performed
by Rev. James Dykema of Orange
N. J., assisted by Rev. A. c. Dy-
kema of Sheldon, ILL.,, both
brothers of the groom. The
bride has been a resident of Star
Lake for several years and has
host of friends throughout this
section who extend congratula-
tions.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1918-08-07
Are Enjoying Show Today.

People, especially the kids, will
enjoy today in Eagle River. Sun
Bros. shows are now furnishing
the excitement for the fun loving
public at the old ball grounds
in the northeast end of town.
And take it from me, very few of
the younger element oversight
this morning; he was right there
watching the lions and taggers
being unloaded long before the
sun came up. The shows are
said to be good.