davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-02-16
Carriage, Thrice
Destroyed, Again
FearSOMhaSn
Costa Rican Volcano, After
Two Centuries, Awakes
To Violence.

San Jose, Costa Rica, Feb. 10
CORRESPONDENCE of The Associated
Press. THE Irazu volcano. the larg-
est and highest in Costa Rica, awak-
ened and began new period OF vio-
lent activity after nearly two centu-
ries Of quietness.
The previous remarkable eruption
OF this volcano took place IN ldz3
when Costa Rica was the poorest OF
the colonies under the crown OF
Spain During that year the IraZu
was in activity throughout the whole
year. emitting huge quantities OF
ashes, cinders, smoke, varor and
gases. and the manifestation was
followed by earthquakes. Then came
a period OF long rest It fell into
deep slumber for nearly 200 years.
Now Il has awakened again and is
pouring out, without interruption,
torrents of vapor. sublimates ana
ashes, cinders and volcanic debris
which. floating in the air and carried
by the air currents, have reached
places % miles distant from the
crater
historical city of Carriage, three times
destroyed by the colossus and as
often rebuilt as her inhabitants,
During the present crisis Carriage has
suffered no harm as her inhabitants,
wiser through experience, have re-
built the city earthquake proof; and
the emissions Of the volcano have not
reached Carriage. owing to the heavy
winds prevailing and which have
blown them towards the valley Of
San Jose.
The Irazu volcano stands 900 feet
above the sea level Back in the pre-
historic ages, this volcano made for
midable eruDtions. vomiting torrents
OF lava miles in length, OF which
there are traces to be seen yet
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-02-16
Place Refugees
Find HaUen In
Lovely TaOrmina
Old Sicilian Town, Called
Most Beautiful on Earth,
Cares For 400.

Taormina, Sicily. Feb 16.@(Corre-
spondence Of The Associated Press.)
Fourteen hundred refugees from
the country north Of the Piave have
found shelter in this old Sicilian
mountain town, described by some
Americans as the most beautiful
place in the world The hotels which
cared for tourists before the war have
been thrown open to the refugees.
They have rooms generally by fami-
lies. and club together for their meals
IN much the same way that Italian
immigrants makeshift on the emf
grant steamers.
English and American residents
Joined with the toWnspeople in pro-
viding clothing. The two problems
are food and employment, and repre-
senta1ves OF the American Red Cross
who visited here left a fund with the
local war committee to purchase wool
and pay the refugee women for knit
ting warm socks and gloves for the
Italian soldiers.
Five hundred refugees arrived at
midnight at the Giardini station, two
and a half miles below on the coast
line railroad, in the midst Of a tor
rental dOWnpour. The feebleSt and
hundreds climbed the steep footrath
in utter darkness. A very few had
bundles OF simple clothing. the ma
jority only the clothes they were
standing in. Some had escaped in
the night. barely clothed.
Many had walked continuously for
five days and nights before reaching
the train which took eight weary
days and nights to bring them here.
1t was so packed that many stood up
the entire distance. Two little chill
dren succumbed to the haruships on
the journey. Many OF the families
have missing members. Before
reaching their trains they endured
almost cloudbursts OF rain, the diff
cult crossing OF swollen streams and
sOdden plains. During this time fam
lies became separated, children lost
their parents, and the few little
treasures from their homes were
gradually dropped aside TO make cas-
Ter their hurried iourneying
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-02-16
. oAE. Italy. Feb. 1s.-Prof

- ONE, Italy, Feb. 16.-Prol. An
tonic has just returned to
- Rome from a visit to Venice.
one Of whose constituencies he repre-
sents In the Italian chamber Of depu-
ties. Speaking Of the present condi-
ton Of the Queen Of the Adriatic,
professor Fradeletto said:
"As you know. the city has been
practically evacuated. AS soon as the
army abandoned the Tagliamento
river line and fell back on the Piave,
the authorities considered it as ex-
fremely dangerous to leave in the
city the vast amounts Of stores and
supplies which had been accumulated
there for the use of the navy, the
army and the civilian population.
With the removal Of these stores
the whole population Of able bodied
men was ordered out and scattered
throughout the northern and central
provinces Of the kingdom
In less than two weeks the popu-
latiOn Of the city was reduced from
10000 10 less than 10000, composed
chiefly OF old men and women and
children under Il years Of age. The
cafes, the cosy, charming meeting
places where the Venetian was &C
customed to repair for the evening
chat his coffee or his ices. closed one
after the other for lack of customers
The shops followed and then all the
bakeries and meat stores closed as
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-02-16
TLACARDS PINNED
On BACKS OF MEN
TAKEN In ATTACK
GERMANS SAY FOOD SHORT AND
PORTUGUESE ARE NOT FEARED
Tennesseean Tells of German Attack and British Repv
That Wiped Out German Force; Says Portuguese
Are Good Fighters But New to Trench War
and Not Taken Seriously by the Enemy.
By HENRY g. WALES.

- ARTS. France. Feb. 16.-Portu-
- gese troops. captured in a trench
= raid on the Flanders front, were
sent back to the allied lines by the
Germans with placards on their backs
saying: we can't spare the food to
feed you" and Go back to your
trenches. we don't fear you" accord
ing to Frank H Caller, who has ar
rived here from the British front
Caller. who comes from Nashville,
Tenn, is a subaltern in the British
army, being attached to a battery Of
heaVies- in the Royal Garrison ar
lllery- He has come to paris to sign
up in the United States army.
Battle Delays Departure.
The battery was with was posted
very near Passchendaele." said sub
Lieut. Caller. I received word that
my application for permission to 90
to Paris and join up with the Tanks
had been granted and was mighty
glad But while I was packing up
for NY departure old Fritzy started
a bombardment that indicated an at
tack was coming, sure I received
orders to proceed to an advanced post
and do artillery observing
7 ducked up forward TO an old.
half demolished German pill box that
our boys were using for an observa-
ton post It was out in a little
salient The English troops were
holding the line then. the Canadians
having been sent south after storm
ing Passchendaele in November
"Fritzy turned on an awful heavy
bombardment, and then switched to
a rolling barrage, and We knew the
infantry attack was coming. With my
runner I fell back to another obser-
-
enough. the Germans attacked in
force. using three divisions on a two
front
They swarmed forward and
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-02-16
GERMANS TAG AND RETURN P0RTUGUES
British Army Health Better
In War Than in Peace and
Little Fish Help Make 1t So

hospitals in the British army was 437
per 1000 per year. In civil life only
small proportion of that 437 would
"go sick" the great majority would
have TO put up with their slight all
ments and continue at work. It IS
not, therefore, sick rate which
could be contrasted against a big fac
tOry's sick rate. But it will be useful
for the present comparison
Wartime Health Better Than Peace.
In the British army in France last
year the sick rate was 467 per 1000.
For the army in the field the sick
rate" is swollen by the inclusion OF
all injuries not actually received in
battle The man who is kicked by a
horse, the man who sprains muscle
stumbling into a shell hole, the man
who gets nerves." all come into the
sick list Yet 1t is only 80 more per
1000 than under peace conditions. If
cases of accidents and nerves are
taken out OF account. the general
health of the British troops in France
is better than the general health of
the troops in peace time. in spite Of
the unavoidable hardships Of cam
paigning.- Copyright. 1918, by the
Mcclure Newspaper Syndicate-)
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-02-16
AMERICAN WOMAN MAKES NEW
EAGE5F0R The DAMAGED P0ILUS
False Faces Even to Mustaches and Moles Are Made by
Mrs. Maynard Lad for French Soldiers Whose
Faces Have Been Wrecked by Shells or Liquid
Fire; Has No American Patients
n ARTS, France. Feb. 1s-An Amer
~ lean sculptress-Mrs- MAYNARD

n ARTS, France, Feb. Ian Amer
lean sculptress-Mrs. Maynard
= Lad, Of New York, Philadelphia
and Boston-has opened an atelier in
the Latin quarter to make false
faces for French soldiers whose Wis.,
ages have been so horribly mutilated
that men cannot appear in public un-
masked.
Working from photographs taken
Of her subjects before they were dis
figured, and from the patients them
selves, Mrs. Maynard Lad first models
the face, as it was originally, in clay.
Then a thin copper mask as light as
paper is made by an electrolytic pro-
cess. after which it is silvered. The
shell-like mask is then painted IN oils
to resemble the skin and complexion
of the man identicaIIy.
The lips are made slightly parted,
permitting a cigaret to be thrust
through the aperture: holes are per
forated through the nostrils for
breathing, and apertures are left for
the eyes, unless the subject has been
blinded. Usually mustaches are rlaced
worn; the bars reaching back over
the ears to keep the spectaeles in
place also serve to hold the false
face on.
More Than 1000 Need New Faces.
More than 1000 French poilus have
been disfigured so terribly that ia
cial reconstruction" is necessary be.
fore the men can be seen in public
Usually the soldiers are the victims
of the Germans liquid flames or
blazing oil, though many were
wounded by high explosives and
shrapneL All OF these men will be
treated eventually by skilled French
surgeons who have made wonderful
strides cutting, grating and restor-
ing shattered cOuntenances
But there are only a few savants
capable Of performing these opera
lions. and the treatment is very slow
and tedious. As a result only a small
proportion OF the "mutiles," as the
disfigured soldiers are called, have
received treatment. and many may
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-02-16
VENICE DESERTED;
IS WILDERNESS OF
MARBLE And WATER
Churches With One Exception Are Closed and Bolted
Their Treasures Taken to More Safe Place; No
One Permitted in the Streets After Dark;
Population Dwindles to Mere Handful.
By c. CIANFARA.

soon as their scant stocks were ex-
hausted- One morning as I strolled
into st. Marks Square there were
only the pigeons to greet me. Their
chirping seemed to me a song of sor-
row and mourning.
AT night the city resembled g
vast cemetery OF palaces and bridges
Not even a shaded lamp lights the
narrow, crooked streets, partly be-
cause the gas works and the central
electric power house have been shut
down for lack of coal, and partly be-
cause the naval authorities. to whom
the CITY has been turned over. have
forbidden all kinds of traffic after
sunset. Only bluejaekets on patrol
duty are met in the streets ana along
the water front The civilians must
all be indoors unless provided with
special permit
The churches are ali bolted- The
sacred vases of gold and silver, the
chisseled chandeliers, the canVasess
the laces and the priestly robes, often
Of priceless ancient texture, have all
been removed to safer places known
only to the Patriarch of Venice and
the government authorities. Only the
statues of the saints, reprived OF the
votive offerings which often adorn
them and and tell to the faithful a
thrilling story of performed miracles,
are now left IN their inches Only
one church has been left open and
there the population meets twice a
day TO pray the Almighty TO spare
the city"
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-02-16

has come in for its share Of hard work
with the revised standards OF the
needs of the army in France, where
the cold, wet, wintry climate is SO
different from anything to which
Americans have ever been accus-
toned.
Warner clothing had to be supplied,
waterproof boots. heavy blankets.
There was a greater need Of fats and
more greasy foods to build up the
body in the winter. The shipping Sit
uation also necessitated changes Now
when a convoy leaves America Ior
that port in France" II not only car
ries q precious cargo Of lives. but tons
of food supplies and all the incidentals
necessary for a soldiers life abroad,
sufficient to last the division. detach-
ment, or certain amount Of troops for
a month. with a reserve supply Of
three months. II one of the cargo
ships is lost. the next convoy must
carry sufficient excess to guarantee
the three months reserve for the pre-
ceding troops.
The emergency fund" of the army.
following conveys within month Of
the landing of the original detach-
ment; must arrive with anotner
months supplies In this way the re-
serve IS maintained as such. and is not
even infringed upon, much less ex-
hausted.
All Are Up to Date.
An American camp is the most Up to
date institution imaginable. Fireless
cookers abound, rolling kitchens that
were developed during the Mexican
campaign have superseded the COM
pany cook with his pots and pans.
Canvas leggings have been replaced
by wooden leg wrappings. which are
warmer and easier to don; the hob
nailed shoe with q steel plate sur
rounding the heels has been found
the most practicable. Rubber boots
are making their appearance with
warm felt slippers to go inside them, !
knitted caps and jerseys. leather jer-
kins and heavy gloves have taken the
place Of the old equipment. The pic
turesque campaign hat that denoted
the Sammy" to the Frenchman is
now a thing Of the past at the front
A queer looking lot Of gear" has
been added Gas masks. respirators
bomb sings, with the inevitable steel
helmet, have changed the appearance
Of the modern soldier until he resem-
bles a diver more than the familiar
fighting figure Of other days
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-02-16

have to wait two and three years be-
fore their time comes for the recon-
struction.
Masks TO Meet Temporary Emergency
Mrs. Maynard Ladd's false faces are
designed to be worn by these men
during the time that they are waiting
for their treatment to begin and dur
ing the course of operations that will
be performed upon them The copper
masks will last indefinitely, and may
be washed and cleaned with soap and
water Rubber and gelatine masks
have been Experimental with in the
past, but they have not given salts
factory results because of their fra
gility- Their falsity was always
plainly apparent because they were
not constructed by experts.
Three 'mutiles' have been assigned
to me to begin on" said Mrs. May
nard Ladd. in her studio at 20 bis,
Rue Notre Danes des Champs, as she
worked on clay model OF the head
of a poilu whose entire lower jaw and
left cheek had been shot away and
whose nose was blown off in the
fighting on the Chemin des Danes
last summer.
Now this case is interesting be-
cause the patient has his eyes. So the
false face will not include forehead
It viii have a chin like the soldier
had before he was wounded, and IL
will run back to his throat Then
there will be the regular nose and the
mask will run up to below the eyes.
The man will wear spectacles. which
will help to hide the juncture Of the
mask and the flesh.
In cases where a mans nose re-
mains. ii will fit snugly inside the
space left in the nose on the mask
which will be made large enough to
accommodate the real member. In
cases where the nose has been shot
away. however-and there are many
like that-the mans normal nose will
be reproduced exactly as it was be-
fore and there will be perforations
the nostrils for him to
breathe.
IT am going to make all Of the
masks with the lips slightly apart
This viii obviate the grotesuuencss
Of hearing a man sreak through
closed lips and will also permit a
mutile' to smoke while wearing his
mask. Further It will give a more
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-02-16
RED GROSS To
KEEP ITALIAN
Relief GOING
Emergency Commission Is
Succeeded by Permanent
Italian Commission.
CIVILIAN RELIEF
HAS FIRST PLACE

- ONE, Italy, Feb. 16.-With the
arrival in Rome OF the perma-
- nent commission OF the Ameri-
can Red Cross society the relief work
among the destitute population OF the
Eternal City begun by the emergency
commission under Maj. Carl Taylor
has received a new impetus, and win
be continued without interruption till
the end OF the war. And. If neces-
sary. as already seems to be the case.
for any length OF time after the war.
The fact that the American Red
Cross has decided not TO cOnfine its
charitable work to purely military
hospitals and kindred institutions,
but extend il to the civilian victims
OF the war of many large cities and
rural districts, has attracted wide
spread attention and IS being favor
ably commented upon. while the
whole press has bestowed unreseryed
praise on the commission for it'll work
aiming at alleviating suffering
among the families OF the men IN the
trenches.
Relief for Civilians Urgent.
Speaking OF the commissions mis-
sion in Italy, one OF the high officials
OF the American Red Cross who was
for years engaged in settlement work
in 3 large New England city, and Is
now entrusted with the work among
the civilian population. said that Just
now relief work IN some rural dis
tricts and in the poorer quarters OF
the large cities is more urgent than
work in military hospitals.
When the question OF sending a
permanent commission to Italy, as we
had already done for France. came
up for discussion" the officer said.
the directors OF the Organization
were fully satisfied that the Sanitary
service OF the Italian army was
among the best developed By allied
nations during the war; that, accord
ing to reports received from medical
commissions that had from time to
time visited the Italian front. the
sick and wounded soldiers were being
taken excellent care OF and that ne
percentage OF wounded soldiers who
returned TO the front compared IA
vOrabiy with the claims Of any other
allied sanitary service. Under the
circumstances. the directors OF the
organization thought the American
Red Cross would send some OF fts
units to the front. but 1t would Al
the same time extend its relief worlc
In the civilian population.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-02-16

point of almost perfection. The
British army on the western front
has actually a better sick rate than
the army had in barracks in France.
Thrills in War on Germs.
The story Of the R. A N. c. in the
campaign has thrills to match those
Of every side Of the fighting soldiers
life; the stubborn defences against
the onrushing hOrdes Of germs. quick,
daring imprOvisations 10 meet some
suddenly disclosed new danger; sub
tie detective work to unmask sus-
pected attacks; clever diplomacy by
which allies are raised up in the
blood to meet an infection from with
out-every phase of the great war TO
save civilization has its analogue in
the medical service. The scope Of It's
activities covers every detail of life
which can affect health At ever
point the soldiers health is guarded
against unnecessary risk and, since
to protect him II is necessary to pro
tect civil populations with whom he
comes into contact, the P A. NJ c.
is engaged in public health work
wherever there is a British line OF
battle or a British force encamred-
In peace the rate OF admissions to
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-02-16
Oldest British Lord 81;
Youngest Is Not Yet 4

London. England. Feb. 1s.-Nuch is
continually written. says the Daily
Graphic, regarding the youthful Vigor
makes his appearance in the house of
lords despite the weight of his "a
years, but no mention is made Of the
little lord Petres the youngest peer
Of the realm.
Incredible almost as it may ap-
pear. there is a difference Of 81 years
between the ages Of the former lord
chancellor and the present head of
the Catholic house of Petre. who is
not quite four. and viii be unable. Of
course, TO take his seat in parliament
until 1895
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-02-16
cheerful aspect. as though the nan
was smiling.

cheerful aspect as though the man
was smiling.
Is BritiSher's idea.
Capt Derwent Wood, an English
sculptor, originated the idea OF max
ing these artificial faces for men
ly that they could not get work or
even appear on the street because of
their frightful wounds. he has been
making masks for more than two
years and has achieved some wonder
full results
He always makes masks with the
mouth shut, however, and at first did
not pay enough attention to the
painting of the artificial faces after
they were made in copper. As a re-
suit men had such pink-and-white
compilations that the unreality Of
their eountenances became apparent
But by studying the matter close
" and experimenting continually
Cart. Derwent Wood has reproduced
compilations entirely. getting the
dark, svarthy tint in the faces Of
men with heavy boards and repro
ducing moles and lines on the skin.
1T must be understood that We do
not make artificial faces for mutt
lated soldiers. but that we sculpt
masks absolutely reproducing the
eountenances OF these disfigured men
as they were before being wounded.
NO Americans iced Faces.
mo American soldiers have yet
been terribly wounded like that, so
nothing of the kind has been started
In the United States. But I am con-
nected with the Department for the
Mutilated Of the American Red Cross
and eventually. when our men go into
the trenches. I shall be ready to do
lows who may be wounded in the
face.
The masks may be used Temporal
rily or permanently. There are many
patients waiting to receive the atten-
tons Of DR.. Morestin. the great
French surgeon. and DR.. Coulomb, the
wonderful French oculist. who have
done so much in restoring counte-
nances. Dr. Josep Blake earned a
wonderful reputation in facial re-
construction during the early part OF
the war. but he has been so busy on
other forms of surgery recently that
he has been unable to give much time
to It.
May Have to Wait Years.
Some Of the French 'mutiles' may
have TO wait two or three years be-
fore they can begin their treatment
under DR.. Morestin. and without one
of these artificial faces they can onlv
go out at night. as their wounds are
too terrible for them to appear in
public places-on the streets. in the
railways, in motion pic
ture theaters and in cafes. And. OF
course. they cannot find employment
because Of their CHASTITY appearance.
Many OF these cases cannot be treated
successfully by surgery. and they
will use the artificial faces perma-
nently."
Makes Model of PerShInr.
Mrs. Maynard Ladd arrived in Paris
from America only a few weeks ago
and lost no time in getting to work
on her new plan. She lived in Rome
for some time before the war. and has
been IN Paris several times since hos
tilities broke out. She has done many
heads and busts for well known
people in italy, France and the Unit
I'd States. In 1907 she did a bronze
entitled The Soldier" Of which Cen.
Pershing was the model Tt depicted
A United States army officer standing
AZ rest She has also sdone some
ranagra figures which have been IA
rorahly commented upon by leading
rites.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1918-02-16
Third Of Pint Weekly
kLondon Mill Ration

London. Eng Feb. 16.-Lord Rhond-
da has approved a scheme for control
ing and rationing milk. The scheme
is expected to come into operation at
the end of the month It will provide
for a ration OF third Of pint per
head per week
Each retailer Will be allotted a
specified district by which milk will
be served in one street by one man
instead Of by II. as is the case now.