Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-03-09

\ start can be made in poultry raising
in many ways. but there is none better
than hatching chicks with an incubator.
Artificial incubation has been IN practice
for centuries, and uf recent wears IT has
become the keystone 10 successful COIN
merciai poultry plants
Evidences are to be found that large
incubator3 were operated centuries aRO
III Egypt and China Tho natives
brought their eggs to the hatcheuts m
much The same manner as Is now m
vogue with orr commercial hatrherles.
The eggs wcrc either exchanged for
chicks OF the farmer returned AT n
later date and received tho chicks
hatchcd from their eggs. paying 2 small
fee for the usc of the Incubator
The large ltc,lhators ~ Egypt were
little more than huts with heat flues
built IN tho walls. thereby heating the
rooms 70 tho desired temperature. Tho
eggs were placed upon straw or drIcd
grass scattered over the floor. and rs
tho chicks hatched they were removed,
and other eggs replaced for lncuhating
In China tho nrthators were con-
etrtrted after the manner of large jars.
which were placed ~ tho sum for the
necessary heat Thcir construction re-
scmhed orr firclcss cookers nr vacuum
bottles thereby keeping a uniform tenn
peraiure
MAMMOTH IVfCH ATOMS
Today incmbators have become rndis-
tcnsat,lo to poultry keepers They arr
perfected tn such . degree ~ to hc
adapted to the requirements of tho
Jolltryn,ap with y few hens on mp to
thc needs &c the large cornmercal plants
whore thirty or forty thousand eggs arc
h4tched IN ono machine II is due 70
tho progress made ~ artificial ncriba-
tion TINT the enormous baby chick IN
duStry has heen developed
Inruhators arc generally claS~ed rs
mammoth machines or small machines,
according to their capacity Mammoth
inclibators range from 30n eggs capacity
upwards so forty or fifty thousand eggs
capacity These mammoth machines
qrc usually divided INTO compartments,
large enough for two or hrca hundred
eggs, AMI each compartment Is distinct
from he other One comparing nt may
contain epgs IN he seventh day ni nctha-
ton. wnIc tho adjoining compartments
ARE hatchng chicks The machlne Il 50
constructed that it. will automatically
take care of heat, fresh air and the neccs-
II IL possible to have hatch coming of
every day, or at any interval desired by
the operator.
Small ncubators range from 30 cgrg
capacifv M TO 900 eggs The machines
holding over 400 eggs are often termed
seinl-mammofh or habv-mammoth nih-
chirc1 on 8crotnt of their construction
which makes II rossiblc 10 hatch smaller
numbcrs IN different parts, not prac-
tlcablc ~ the smaller machines that
have all ,ie eggs ~ p Jingle chamber
sEwI-v >MmcTH rYrE
S1raIl machines are usualv elias ed 4a
hot water or hot air tYpe@, which
terms ge.cr "a The manner IN which the
cgg thambcr j., heated lie hot water
Ipcubaiors depend upon principle
81 radiation Nhich Is somewhat -luliier
% the hot water h.atIng systems m dwell
inQS metal tank or pipe system.
usual ! lnade 81 copper. l- filed With water
WhIeh I, heated bt lamr attached to the
machine
In III hot III tsre of incubator
There are variation, Ia The principle Of
heating In some makes the warm AR
i@ conveyed Ia III - chamber and diff
fused over the cgg trays In others tine
ttRslk - i<tfas%ttt4 tittt 'iEIti l-''AttAA tt'A
Ire eggs IN he same manner a5 from, the
r4dia ~. of Rot water machine. There
are several combinations Of the hot
ar and hot water machines. but
hey al depend upon radiators about
the same a. NE depend upon them for
heat III our homes
bII-By RNINc MACHINES.
The source of heat for small infu-
hators IS usually IN oi-burning lamp
attached 20 the machine Some OF the
lamps are fitted with water jackets sur
rounding tn. burners, TO keep tho oil
cool Others have specially built arr
passages 10 insure perfect burning. and
10 keep the burners from oyer-hcatlnC.
Some ineubator2 are operated b. means
of oleetric lamps. hc heat from the
electric lamps bcing diffu>cd over the
egg>
Various methods are employed in ar
ranging the lamps ON the Incubator.
Some attach the lamp and heater on
the side OF lac machine. some locate 1t
unier the machine near ono end and