davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-12-07
The War. Began in 1870

"By general consent the period of
history which ended in 1914 saw its
beginning in 1870, when the Prussian
milltarists won their original triumph
over France, thereby establishing a
precedent tu@ the use of armed force
as wise tnpplement to tagging dplo-
macy, precedent that was to be an
piled with incalculable effect upon a
much greater field of action forty-four
years later. During this interval many
national and international forces were
at work simultaneously, which all to-
gether helped to produce the climax of
Armageddon. Of course, however. not
al. the factors that were very prom
lnent in the history of the period CON
tributed directly to this terrific end.
For example. socialism, potent as il
was. does not seem to have helped to
bring about the final war, except in
directly by making the Junker Lords
of Prussia fearful at its progress, and
therefore the more willing to try des-
perate remedies to wean the German
people from the now heresy by the
counter excitement and joys of great
military victory The many colonial
and domestic questions of Great
Britain also, although of large histori-
cal Importance, did little directly to
hasten the war. save by making the
Fan Germans believe that their island
rivals were so beset with internal
issues that Britons would probably let
the Teutonic empires crush France and
Russia unhindered. leaving the British
Empire to be devoured a lit.le later.
Century.
New-York tribune., 1918-12-07
Lot of Chemicals
And Deadly Gases
Looking g for Jobs
ace Throws Benzene,
TINT, Caustics and Chic.
rines Out Of Work Just
When Production Is Big
By Charles II. IIerty

(Ot the American Chemical Society)
1t is agreed that the returning sol
diers and those engaged in various
forms of war work shall be taken back
into industry with little disturbance.
That is as little as we can do in recog
milton of their many sacrifices. But
what of those members of the chemi-
cal family who went to war? questions
Mr. H. L. Howe, member of the
American Chemical Society, in a re-
cent interview. Who has a job for
benzene and toluene? Those hard
working twins, Sodium Caustc and
Chlorine, are still full cf energy and
will tackle most anything if given the
proper chance. There Is whole regi-
ment of sulphuric acid soon to be mus
tered out of war service, and equipment
used in making mountains of picric
acid, INT and similar things will be
looking for employment.
The problems of the chemist in caring
for his own are perhaps greater than
and surely as great as were those of
quickly providing all that was sought.
Benzene is now being produced at the
rate of sixty million gallons annu
ally, and it may be found possible to
use it along with surplus alcohol, leg
islation willing, and gasotene to con
serve our resources OF motor spirit.
Depending on price, benzene and tolu
enc may become more extensively used
as solvents, and surely acetone will be
sufficiently plentiful to make it a !
cheaper solvent than before the war.
Our new dye industry may now obtain
the toluene desired for important new
colors not recently on our market,
while the abundance of various raw ma
terials should help in bringing dye
prices down to a point permitting com
petition with the German article the
world over
Caustic and Chlorine Plentiful.
1t is to be hoped that uses for
New-York tribune., 1918-12-07
Iowa Farmers Do Not
Favor DAYLIGHT Law

DES MONIES, Dec. 6.-Farmers of
plan another year, according to state
ment made by Carl N. Kennedy, county
agricultural agent, at Des Moines Mr..
Kennedy is conducting an investigations
Of the question, owing to several com
plants made by farmers. They claim
that they lose an hours work, espe
cially during haying, harvesting and
other times when the heavy morning
dews interfered with harvest work.
Under the old system of time the dew
was dried off the fields by $3.50 a. M,
and allowed normal days work. I'm
der the new system they are not able
to go into the fields until $3.50 a. M.
and consequently lose an hours time
when TIME is a very vital question in
harvesting and haying, grain and other
crops. Regardless of the time work is
begun in the morning, hired farm
hands insist on quitting at p. M. no
matter what the weather conditions or
the harvest situation may be.
Another serious question is that
when work begins at $3.50 a. m. the
noon lunch hour has to be delayed un-
III CIR 1880 p. m., to balance the work
ing hours, and this greatly unsettles
working conditions. Farmers main
tam that people in the cities and towns
might better go to work at 7 a. m.
from April to October, instead of dis
arranging the farm labor conditions
and causing them the loss Of an hong
time during the most critical period of
farm operations. Farmers arc LODGING
their complaints with the county farm
bureaus and will protest the DAYLIGHT t
system another year.-National Repub
lican. VIZ
New-York tribune., 1918-12-07
Japan Insists
That Siberia Have
The Open Door
DR.. Toda and Viscount Ou-
chida Express Views on
Allied Intervention-Sav
None Should Be Favored
Tribune Foreign Press Bureau

Tribune Foreign Press Bureau
The important role Japan plays and
will play in all Eastern questions, and
in Siberia especially, makes the opin-
ion of prominent japanese statesmen
interesting. The well-known Japan
ese economist, DR.. Toda, expresses his
views about the assistance which
could be given the Siberian popula-
tion in an article in the "Osaka Asahi,
and the new Foreign Minister of the
Toda CabineE Viscount Ochida, has
told Reuters correspondent the pro-
gramme he thought the best for Rus
sia and Siberia
DR.. Toda believes the Allies will
not be in a position to give economic
aid indefinitely to the Siberian popu-
lation without receiving any compen-
sation, and advocates an exchange Of
certain products of Siberia for the
goods which are delivered to them by
stutfs. Through such an exchange
the exploitation Of the natural re-
sources of Siberia would be easily de-
veloped. Japan, which will be able to
send the most, needs at the same time
all the raw material Siberia could fur
nish. DR.. Toda concludes that Japan,
which has assumed a preponderant
role in Siberian military operations,
must also guide the economic oper-
ations.
The economic aid must be executed
by the collaboration of all the Allies.
he says. 1t is inadmissible that a
special power, he adds, should obtain
by special action exclusive privileges
such as monopoly of the exploitation
of the mines. This would lead to the
establishment of her political influence
in the respective regions and would not
correspond to the principle of economic
equality. China has already furnished
bad example for this, and has become
the prey of hard economic struggle.
Siberia is suffering enough from an
archy. Japan will not only respect the
territorial integrity of Siberia, but also
her economic independence
Vlscount Ochida has seen the Rus
sian revolution and knows the needs
of the Russian people. His views are
very similar to those OF the President.
Recently he said to Reuters corre~
spondent:
"The Allies are united now more
closely than ever by a common duty
to prevent the death of nation which
has been betrayed in a moment Of great
weakness. The Russian people must be
put into the possession of the inherit-
ance of their folefathers by the help
of the nations, who, united by com
mon goal, by common principles and
loyalty, must not allow a single nation
to obtain privileges not attributed to
Hll the others -
New-York tribune., 1918-12-07

caustlc, chlorine etc, may be found
such as to permit continued large scale
production and lowered prices, which
should encourage experiments looking
to new applications. Estimates based
upon the acid phosphate fertilizer used
in some of the more progressive states
indicate that a similar demand from
ali our farms requiring such fertilizer
would mean the continuation of our
sulphuric acid industry on its present
gigantic scale.
However, the youngest members, Of
the family-some just out of the nurs-
ery-poison gases, are the most in need
of job. There seems some opportu-
nifty for lachrymators to earn an honest
living, for what could be better for
subduing mob2 Lachrymators cause
no harmful effects and within few
hours the influence passes off. They
might even be used in mild form
where circumstances call for tears
(the nother~in-law joke is too old.
Now that we know something of hand
ling poisonous gases and have gas
masks developed, may we not expect
practical application in destroying rats
and other destructive pests in the
buildings sealed for the purpose and
then thoroughly purged of gas before
be considered a test tube and the last
traces Of harmful gas destroyed with
some other gas used as reagent.
Gases Looking for Jobs.
1t seems quite likely that some
poisonous gases may become reagents
on manufacturing scale now that they
may be had in quantity cheaply. One
gas formerly costing $3.50 per pound
has been made for $40 and that means
chemists can consider it for industrial
7pplication. Phosgene is known to give
excellent reduction of iron oxide, while
not attacking pure iron. 1t has al
ready been used to purify sand re-
qulred for high grade optical glass
Therefore, one of the chemists prob
lens becomes the continued employ
ment of present facilities along the
hines for which they were designed and
with which the statfs are familiar,
rather than the expensive conversion
Of these plants to other lines of in
dustldal activity.
New-York tribune., 1918-12-07
Boston Man Tries TO Take
Monotony Out of Factory Life
Stman A. Benway, of Department of Labor,
Hopes to Broaden Tr aiming and Vision of In
dusiriaI Workers and 10 Eliminate Deadening
Effects of Routine W ork

WASHINGTON, Dec. 6. 6.Taking the
monotony out Of factory work is the
object Of Il Boston man who has just
joined the staff Of the training and
dilution service Of the Department Of
Labor StiIlman A. Benway, assistant
director Of the planning division Of
that service, has been asked to do just
that work, and hopes not only to make
industrial life pleasanter for the work
ingman, but to make poss blc for many
factory employees larger return for
their work.
Mr.. Benway is firm believer in the
idea that routine Jobs Kill initiative and
stifie individuality, and that the man
who Is cndlcssly doing the same little
process in factory day after day not
only Is unlikely to take small interest
in it, but to suffer positive harm from
the dcadening effects of a routine
which, at the best, is only tolerablc
Moreover, there is the danger that such
n workman, once put out of job, may
be unable to support himself unless he
can find just such job to do else
where.
The training and dilution service
plans to correct this condition by max
ing 1T possible for factory hands not
only to master certain industrial
processes, but to gain a fairly compre-
hensive idea of the whole industry in
whi-h they are engaged. In this way
they will not only gain added interest
in their work and stimulate their men
tai powers, Mr.. Bcnway believes, but
they will be able to change Jobs if oc-
casion demands it, undertaking other
processes. Moreover, their added knowl-
edge will make them more valuable to
n !,
bring considerably more money into
their own pay envelopes than if they
remain mere unskilled or semi-skilled
workers.
Mr.. Benway was born in Boston in
1878 and was graduated from the pub
lie schools there After taking some
special courses at Tufts College, he
entered the merchant marine, and was
at sea six and a -.alf years He gained
New-York tribune., 1918-12-07
Allies Seek End
OF Civil Strife
Splitting China
President Of Republic and
Heads of the Southern
Government Are Asked
To Reach an Agreement

PEklNG, Dec. Q (By The Associated
Preas). The Amcrican, British, French,
Italian and japanese ministers this
afternoon had an audience with Prcsi-
dent llsu Shih-chang and presented him
"lth memorandum expressing the
grave concern Of the associated gov
ernmcnts IN witnessing the continued
civil strife in China and their wish to
ccouragc the efforts of both sides for
reconciliation
Jhc aide -mcmoirc pointed out that
'hc unhappy division among the Chi
neSe mad proved no less harmful to the
foreign interests than disastrous to the
welfare to China herself. The consc-
qucnt unrest had been an encourage
ment of the enemy and during the su-
premc crisis Of the war had hampered
the effective cooperation Of China with
the Allies.
China's disunion, the aide -memorc
continued, was making difficult the task
OF reorganization Of the world for the
reallzatlon of peace and justice among
all nations. 1t expressed the hopeful
ness with which the associated govern
ments had observed the steps already
taken by the President to obtain set
tlemcnt Of the civil strife, and added
they had been happy to believe the
southern leaders were similarly ami
mated. Sympathy was expressed with
the desire of both parties to set aside
considerations Of sentiment and legal
technicality and seek reconciliation
upon the basis Of law and devotion to
the interests of the Chinese nation.
The associated governments cmpha-
sized that in rendering their advice
they had no ultcrior plan of interven-
tion and than their only desire was to
lend encouragement to the aspirations
and efforts of both parties for recon
ciliation. enabling the Chinese nation
to bear more worthily its part in the
reconstruction.
At Canton there was simultaneously
presented an identical aide memoire to
the heads of the Canton government,
together with verbal statement that
this action did no imply recognition Of
the Independence of the southern gov
eInmpnt
New-York tribune., 1918-12-07
Business Feels
Reaction From
War Economy
People of Country Again
Spending Money Freely;
Trade Showed Big Jump as
Soon as Fighting Stopped

WASHINGTON, Dec. 6.-Reaction
from wartime economy Is apparent III
reports to various government agencies
since the signing of the armstce
War savings committees in all parts OF
the country have submitted statements
tending to show that persons who alb
stained from buying unnecessary clothes
during the war have rushed to shops
within the past week or two and bought
according to pre-war standards.
Retail businesses report stimulation
of business by peace news. In some
cases the response was immediate, busl-
ness showing big jump within a day
or two after November IL. This re-
action seems most marked among the
wealthier classes.
Reports gathered by the Federal Re
serve Board show activity among
wholesale houses to meet the demand
of retailers. The wholesale business
however, is somewhat restricted by the
desire of retail merchants to let their
stocks run low, while waiting for prices
to come down Thousands of retailers
quickly arranged special sales of their
stocks at lower prices. in view of the
uncertainties of the future course of
prices
Building operations have taken a sud-
den start after the long enforced period
of sluggishness during the war, and
building materials are now beginning
to flow away from former war enter
prises toward peace-time building prof.
ects. Private building seems to be
holding back, however. municipalities
and states have turned their thoughts
to building roads and bridges, held up
"a U c hpT taO Of tn
rials, and within the next month Off
cials here look for multitude of ad-
vcrtisements for bids for these prof.
ects.
AT least eight billions of dollars must
be raised in the United States next
year from war bonds or war savings.
Officials argue that floating of these
loans without corresponding saving in
money and materials merely serves to
initiate credit, and the practical result
of this imitation is n general rise in
prices.
The Treasury now is seeking to de-
velop means of continuing thrift propa-
ganda throughout the next few years,
to educate the public to the duty of
applying off Indebtedness before relax
ing wartime economy. In fact, students
Of economy in the Treasury declare
that unless the American people learn
lessons of thrift which populations Of
England, France, Germany and other
warning nations have learned during
the past four years, the country will
be in a position during reconstruction
of absorbing much more than it's share
of the worlds available stock of food,
materials and labor, needed for the
physical rebuilding Of devastated por-
tions of Europe.
Treasury agencies studying banks
conditions in industrial communities,
particularly where war materials were
manufactured, find that savings and
checking accounts maintained by work
men do not have balances proportonate
to their advances in wages during the
war.
New-York tribune., 1918-12-07

in this time n familiarity with cngi-
neering that led him into a position
at the Charlestown (Boston) Navy Yard
as a supervisor Of machinery, where ne
had much to do with planning and esti-
mating. He also became an organizer
for the A. +. Of H., and is now presi-
dent Of a machinists' union in his
home city. He came TO Washington
from the Charlestown Navy Yard, for
which he recently was instrumental in
obtaining $1,400,000 appropriation
which will be used for new machine
shops, housing 100000 worth of ma
chinery, and for improved sanitary con-
ditions.
eve are going to cooperate with the
manufacturers in this work" says Mr..
Bcnway, in describing the aims Of the
planning division "The object is to
broaden the horizon of unskilled and
semi-skilled workers and to give them
improved industrial and mechanical op-
portunitics.
''ln the past the training Of workmen
for skilled trades has been left largely
to the business man Now it is time
that the government took a hand in it.
"There is nothing so detrimental to
a workman as monotopy in his job. II
we can do something toward giving
the factory employees Of the country Il
more general knowledge of machine
work we believe that we shall be do
ing work of real value. 1t is not a
good thing for any workman that he
should be dependent for his livelihood
on one specialized process.
"The reconstruction era is particu-
larly fitting time in which to put this
project into effect. ! think that work
men generally feel unnecessary fear
and apprehension regarding after-war
prospects. Reconstruction will not be
so difficult as they expect.
"There are going to be jobs for our
men. The artificial imitation of prices
that the war has brought will eventu-
ally come to an end, but the whole
process is going to be gradual, and
do not fear any pronounced shocks tc
industry"
New-York tribune., 1918-12-07
Canada to Bring
10000 Soldiers
Home Each Month

WINNIPEG, Canada, Dec Plans
for the rehabilitation Of Caaada's
286,304 overseas troops under q sys-
tenn intended to meet economic and in
dustrial conditions have been com
pleted and will be put into operation
when withdrawal of the forces IS con-
sented to by the high command.
After considering available shipping
facilities and rolling stock in Canada
the Imperial Ministry of Shipping and
the Canadian War Board have con-
cluded that the rate of return can ap-
proximate 10000 men a month.
Close study of the military and eco
nomic phases of rehabilitation re-
suited in a decision to return first men
whose trade classification showed there
was immediate use for them in indus
try. Preference is TO be given married
men, the order Of their return to be
determined by the length of time in
overseas service. Then single men
will be returned along the same gen
eral lines.
Classification Of the troops into oc-
cupational groups by the Militia De-
partment was deemed advisable TO
meet the requirements of the labor
market IN the various districts. To re-
turn the men regardless Of their occu-
Pct4OH II! civil lie ana QcmanCS OF the
labor market in their respective dis
tricts would work a hardship upon
them as well as upon industry, officials
decided
Latest figures list 286.s04 as the
number Of Canadian troops oversees
An estimate of how these men Will be
distributed among the various prov-
lnces, based on the ratio Of enlistment
IN each province, follows:
Ontario, 121 500; Quebec, $4,000:
New Brunswick. 1850; Nova Scotia
and Prince Edward Island 1890:
Manitoba, 33,5O0; Saskatchewan. f8-
500; Alberta p, 500; British ColuInbia.
25.500
The problem of bringing back from
England the wives and families Of
Canadian soldiers. estimated Il 35 30
persons, has been placed with the De-
partment OF immigration. They viii
be returned TO Canada as quickly as
possible, as the government desires 10
have the soldiers homes reestablished
before their arrival
New-York tribune., 1918-12-07
Animal That Wears Armor
The AGmadillo l. One Of the
Most Curious of Beasts

Of all the queer little people FOR
whom Mother Nature has found use in
the great world there is none more
queer than Hardsholl, the Armadillo.
lardshell belongs to very old family
In facc, there are few who can trace
their way back so far as can this little
animal. He belongs to an order called
the Edentata, which, in turn, is divided
into three families -armadillos, ant
caters and sioths
Some of these animals are toothless
and others are nearly SO. All Of them
live in warm climates. and Hardshell.
the Armadillo, is the only one found in
North America. The nine banded arma-
dillo is found all the way from South
ern Texas and Arizona, through Mexico
and Central America, down to Venezu-
ella, South America.
Slow Poke, the Box Turtle, as YOU
know, carries his house with him, and
IN time of danger can pull himself into
it and close the doors. Hardshell, the
Amadillo, instead of having a house
INTO which to retreat, wears d suit of
armor Even the top of his head and
his tail are protected in this way I'm
derneath he has no protection. In this
respect he is like Prickly Porkv, the
Porcupine, and, like Prickly Porky, he
can roll himself up so that he is wholly
protected. The armor on the back Of
Hardshell, the Armadillo, is in bands
and is jonted.
Hardshell is an exceedingly timid
fellow and is not seen abroad during
the daytime very much He prefers
the night. His legs are short, but for
d short distance he can run very fast.
He has funny way of running. on the
tips OF his claws, which are long He
is great digger. He can dig himself
IN faster than his enemies can dig after
him. His food consists of worms, ants,
snails, beetles, small lizards, grasshop-
pers and other insects. He eats some
soft fruits and vegetable matter, and is
of q scavenger He is harm
less to man, but man is not altogether
harmless to him, for the natives con-
slider him very fine eating. They roast
him in his she'll. The shell is orna-
mental and is often used for making
fancy baskets. Peoples Home Journal.>
New-York tribune., 1918-12-07
Strikers Ordered to Work
Papermakers Told War Labor
Board VIII Settle Controversy

WASHINGTON, Dec. 6.-J. T. Carey
president of the International Brother
hood of Papermakers. has instructed
the $4,000 striking union employees OF
newspaper mills in New York and New
England to resume work, stating that
the War Labor Board would soon rem
der a decision in the wage controversy
that precipitated the strike
Three thousand men at Glens Falls
n. Y, and adjacent towns are making
preparations to resume work tomorrow
as a result of the messake. Similar
preparations are under way in mills in
Maine, Vermont and New Hampshire
The War Labor Board has named ]
Harry Covington, former Chief Justice
Of the District of Columbia Court, as
umpire in the strike. The men de-
mand continuance of a bonus of &c
per cent, payment of which was
stopped July l.