davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
IS Germans to Die
For Ostend Exploit

LONDON, May 25.-Fishermen re-
turning to port to-day brought reports
that thirteen German sailors have been
sentenced TO death and two to i'm
rrisonment for twenty years by Ger
man court martial for attempted trea-
son in connection with the recent Brit
ish naval raids against the German
submarine bases at Ostend and Zee
brugge. These reports are based on
information said to have come from
Bruges, Belgium
The Germans have succeeded in
shifting the concrete laden cruiser Vim
dictive, sunk in the harbor of Ostend
on May 10 by British raiding forces.
The Vindictive, according to "The
Times" is now lying close alongside
the eastern pier, leaving q passage
about thirty feet wide. This is enough
to allow destroyers to go in and out,
but, nevertheless, the Germans are not
using the harbor.
Unsuccessful attempts have been
made by the Germans to dredge a
passage way between the two old
cruisers sunk in the harbor of Zee
brugge. A German destroyer, sunk
this week by bombs dropped by Brit
ish naval airmen. lies close to the
cruisers.
The basin at Bruges, which is con-
nected with both Ostend and Zee
brugge. is full of German shipping.
but the canal ~ not -beiug used.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
York Flier Killed
By Fall at Kelly Field
Letter From M. c. Trowbridge
and News of Death Arrive
at the Same Time

SAN ANTONIO, Tex, May 25.-
Cadet Moultrie C. Trowbridge, twenty
three years old, of New York, was in
stantly killed by fall of 5000 feet in
an airplane at Kelly Field this morn
ing. His brother, Raymond Trow-
bridge, lives at 1852 East Thirtieth
Street, New York.
II am not getting near enough fly
ing to suit me-" Cadet Trowbridge
wrote to his brother Raymond in a
letter received almost simultaneously
with the death notification from the
War Department.
Moultrie Clyde Trowbridge was born
in Blythe, Ga. He was twenty three
years old on November 10. He came
to this city eight years ago and COM
pleted the preparatory course at Town
send Harris High School.
He tried to enlist in the aviation
corps but was turned down because of
defective vision. In October ne was
drafted and went to Camp Upton.
After a month there he was selected
for ground school aviation training at
Cornell. In November, he was trans
ferred to Dallas and four weeks ago
was re-assigned to Kelly Field.
Both of his parents live in Georgia.
He had three brothers, one of whom is
in France in the service Two other
brothers and sister live here. Moul-
trie lived with his brother Raymond at
the East Thirtieth Street address.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
Italians in Trenches
Get Wilson's Message
by The Associated Press)

OF ON THE ITALIAN FRONT, May "a.
The anniversary of Italy's entrance
into the world war was solemnly cele-
brated at the Italian front. The Amer
lcan flag was hoisted beside the Italian
colors amid the warmest enthusiasm.
President Wilson's message to Italians
was distributed to the soldiers, and it
created a most satisfactory impress
sion.
ROME, May 24.-President Wilson's
message to Italy on the occasion of the
third anniversary of this country's en-
trance into the war was published in
all the newspapers to-day, and was read
in public by Hamilton Holt. represent
ing the United States, before an i'm
mense crowd. The Prince of Wales, in
the name of England, also addressed
the throng. Ambassador Page was an
other speaker.
Several hundred thousand persons
marched through the thoroughfares of
the city. The multitude was addressed
by the Mayor of Rome, whose every
mention Of America and President Will
son was greeted with applause.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26

clearly obtained. Second is the fact
that both in personnel and material
the Allies have here a much larger
field for production than has the
enemy. 1t is technical matter and
one on which am not competent to
speak with authority, but those who
are competent, while not pretending
to prophesy--no one does that except
irresponsible sensation mongers-
say that the chances are constant
and high for an increasing dispro-
portion between the Allied efficiency
and numbers in the air and the
enemy efficiency and numbers in the
air as the year proceeds.
1t must be remembered, however.
that even an increasing superiority
IN the air does not by itself mean
victory within the next few months.
1t would need an immense prepon-
derance of air strength before the
enemy could be effectually blinded,
and a vast increase would be neces-
sary in the present numbers of the
Allied raiders before the enemy's
communications, instead of being
merely hampered, as they now al
ready are, could be even partly dis
located.
Meanwhile, simple piece of sta
tistics communicated to the public
this week is ample food for thought.
The British alone, in the two months
of March and April, and for the
most part since March 21, have
dropped upon and behind the enemy's
lines more than thirteen times as
many aerial bombs as the enemy has
dropped upon and behind the Brit
ish lines.
The record was 60,079 on one side
against 4,498 on the other.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
u. S. Artillery Shells
Large German Force
Entering Montdidier
By Wilbur Forrest
(Special Gable to Ths Trihunrl

Especial Cable to The Tribune)
WITH THE AMERICAN FORCES IN
PICARDY, May 25.-Emboldened by the
lull in the artillery fire Thursday, the
enemy entered Montdidier with nearly
one hundred automobiles, many can
mons and groups of horsemen.
The American guns, aided by keen
observers, opened up on the cavalcade.
After finishing its work the artillery
quieted down and the lull before the
storm was. continuing at noon on Fri
day.
Two enemy prisoners have been
taken in this area within the last twen-
ty-four hours. No information of mill
tary value was obtained from either of
them. One, boy Of about eighteen
years, was happy to be prisoner The
other, a man of forty-five, cried inter-
mittently when he tried to talk about
the fate of his family. He insisted he
knew nothing.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
Coming of u. S. Troops
"Most Gratifying Nevs
Since Italy Entered War;


WASHINGTON, May 25.-At the
Italian Embassy and in Italian circles
here the highest qualification was man
ifested over the announcement that
American troops will be sent to Italy.
An Italian official said:
"The spontaneous decision of the
American government, announced by
Secretary of War Baker, that United
States forces will be dispatched to the
Italian front, is very grateful sur
prise to the Italian people, who were
fully convinced of the sympathetic at
titude of the United States toward
Italy, but who were doubtful about the
sending of American troops to Italy.
Recently things have been said
about the difficulties of sending Ameri-
can troops to the Italian front which
made it appear to be almost an i'm
possibility. We cannot help feeling
that the announcement by Secretary
ia.se baker is, is the he greatest and most vel
her entrance into the war.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26

Suddenly Lieutenant Buford looked
overhead and saw two more Germans
coming down from out of the clouds.
He took dive, all of the Germans
diving at the same time, and when he
came up he had one of the enemy
planes in front of him. Buford began
firing with his machine gun, causing
his adversary to disappear in a nose
dive. Although he was sure he had
hit the German it was not until to-day
that the victory was confirmed.
A few minutes later Lientsnant Bu-
ford managed to get behind two Of the
remaining three machines and opBned
fire, but his machine gun jammed. AS
he was unable to use his weapon, he
turns, and was successful in shaking off
the three enemy planes.
An Asncrican aerial pursuit squadron
is now oAarating over the American
sector northwest of Toul. All the
pilots whose air exploits have been re-
corded up to this time belong to this
squadron, which has a special insignia.
The squadron is flying in Nieuport
chasing machines.
squadron brought down two German
machines were gained the day after
they took up flying on this sector. The
occupants of the German machines
were made prisoner.
(By The associated Press}
AMERICAN HEADQUARTERS ON
THE BRITISH FRONT IN FRANCE,
Thursday, May 23.-Several soldiers Of
the new" American army now on this
front are reported to have been wound
ed yesterday by bombs dropped by Ger
man raiders. This was their first ex-
perience with the enemy.
The Americans are. making a good
impression, and they astonish British
and French veterans, by the quickness
with which they adapt themselves to
new customs and the cheerfulness with
which they accept discomfort. By the
French, with whom they are billeted,s
they are admired for their physique,
good behavior and ardor.
The maneuvres in their first few
days on this front were carried out in
the hottest weather and on dusty roads.
AS the training proceeds small ills dis
appear. and the progress of the Amer
leans has been plainly visible in the
last few days.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26

public assertion with regard to Brit
ish losses the other day at Aix-la-
Chapelle.
He was quoted as saying that the
British losses would figure almost
precisely 100000, a number which
was evidently running in his head
and in the heads of his audience.
All Europe noted the significance of
that coincidence.
Estimating German
Loss in Soldiers
The British publish casualty lists
(Which the Germans no longer do)
and by these the folly of the Ger
man Emperor's statement may be
tested. Some people have argued
from his speech that the German
casualties are really as high as the
civilian rumor in Germany puts
them. They say that he spoke of
an imaginary British loss of 600,-
600 in order to offset the real
German loss Of that number. This
conclusion would seem to be INSULT.
GENTLY grounded. When it is your
object to keep something secret you
may we'll have to soothe the public's
feelings, and you may be compelled
to do so by exaggeration at the ex-
pense of making fool of yourself
abroad, though saving your face at
home. So until we have much more
evidence before us we must make
up our minds that the enemy's losses
from the beginning of his offensive
eight weeks ago were at least 45O,-
600, to which minimum the civilian
rumor in Germany adds no less than
30 per cent, and to which only the
people who knovt-that is, the bureau
at German headquarters and the
German government-may see an
addition of 10 per cent, or even per-
haps 20 per cent. But 20 per cent
is high, and 10 per cent is much
more likely to be the proper addi-
tion. In other words, If you esti-
mate the situation by believing the
German loss to be anything much
over half million you are almost
certainly exaggerating it, and you
will be much safer in keeping to the
minimum figure Of 100000.
Of the rate of Allied recruitment,
especially the new and essential fac
tor of American reinforcement, we
cannot, of course, be told or say any,
thing. This is for the enemy to find
out as he can. But we have had
news this week for the first time of
the presence of American units on
the northern part of the line. The
mention which has been officially
issued of this is necessarily vague,
but is sufficient to show that recruit
ment is advancing at greater rate
than had hitherto been hoped. Il
use the word recruitment, Of course.
not in the sense of recruitment at
home, but in the sense of filing the
gaps and increasing the numbers of
the army which are actually ON the
line.)
Allies Obtain
Air Superiority
The third clement is the progress
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26

to manmuvre. That is his great
asset. His third plan, whatever it
is, for this third phase Of the battle,
for which the failure of his second
plan condemned him, must neces-
sarily turn on that advantage.
Unless the enemy is prepared for
political reasons. or because his
losses are much greater than we be-
lieve, to abandon his enterprise, the
next stage of that enterprise will
show the utilization of this oppor-
tunity which the fortune of battle
gave him two months ago. Should
he exercise sufficient pressure
should he be able to do $3.50 as to
compel any considerable retirement
on the part of the Allied forces, then
that retirement will have far more
effect than it would have had for an
equal distance from the old. line.
There is no room for the elastic
defence" by the Allies, and the enemy
knows it.
On the other side of the account
is the eternal question of men.
Exercising PRESSURE" especially if
we mean by that phrase a tremen-
dously rapid and intensive blow de-
livered by some instrument or by
the fist, is immensely expensive in
men. A much better metaphor than
that of the first would be that of
some substance which in very
active pressure melts away. The
greater the effort that is made the
nearer will the army that is making
it approach to final defeat unless
that effort brings complete success.
The German generals know that just
as we'll as we do. They leave to their
civilian population the illusion that
the attack is in itself something like
a victory and defence is something
like defeat, one of the commonest
illusions among the people in the
time of war.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
u. S. Ship Bags U-Boat
That Sank Inniscarra
Destroyer Proves Feat By Land
ing Prisoners From Sub
marine in Question

(By The United Press)
LONDON, May 25.-The German
submarine which torpedoed the British
steamer Inniscarra was sunk by an
American destroyer shortly afterward,
it was announced to-day.
Prisoners from the submarine have
been landed.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
American Weight
Now Being Felt
Allies Mastery of Air
an Element That May
Finally Turn
the Tide
By Hilaire Belloc

aHshor of "Elements Of the Great
Wa" and B,itain's Most Disti,,-
cp;shed Military Critic.
TIME GERMAN ARMY made no
move during three full weeks
= since it suffered the very
heavy defeat in Flanders on April
o which we now see TO have been
he end of the second unsuccessful
vhase of its great offensive. The
situation is remarkable, not only to
those who are always astonished by
.ny novelty in the operation of the
var and who always expect each
new phase to resemble the last, but it
was also surprising to those who
thought they saw in it every ele-
uent of certain previous situations.
I'll true that there was a certain
parallel to the German offensive in
the operations of last year. At that
time the initiative was with the
Allies, their combined offensives in
Artois and Champagne were checked
before the middle of April, and the
next British attack on a large scale
that in front of Passchendaele.
Eas postponed through all the early
summer months, and even to the end
d July. But that parallel is neither
exact nor Illuminating.
The great German offensive on
the Somme was not checked at the
outset; it had on the contrary very
large measure of success. Though it
vas held at last, it was not securely
held, for second phase opened, in
which another and minor, but never
theess Unexpectedly great, success
was again scored in the battle of
theigs and was pressed by the Ger
mans in Flanders for full three
weeks at the utmost energy and at
: very high expense in men right up
md past Mount KENNEL. Further
more, there is curious point, worthy
Of remark, that the German often
slye in this case was neither pushed
70 the point of exhaustion on the
Somme nor was it deliberately
checked by it's authors at a moment
which they had chosen and in a way
that they had foreseen and provided
inrase Of failure.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
The Three Elements
Of Early Success

Meanwhile there are three ele-
ments in the situation, two of them
unknown and one only partly known,
which modify the whole problem:
The first is the real total of the
losses on the enemy side since
March 81.
The second is the rate at which
the Allies are increasing their
strength, especially through Ameri-
can arrivals.
The third is the nature of the
fighting in the air.
AS to the first question, nearly all
has been said that can be said. We
know with something like precision
that there has been a minimum of
100000 German losses since March
/. But above that there is an enor-
nous margin of error-we do not
know how high that margin Of error
may extend. The real total may he
far more than 100000. The reports
that reach us of what is being said
in Germany (that is, of civilian
rumors) seem always to turn on a
fixed figure of 100000. Nearly all
competent observers on the Allied
side regard that figure as too high,
but the rumors are certainly wide
spread in Germany, and it was to
meet this rumor that the German
Emperor made his extraordinary
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
Allies Cramped for
Maneuvring Space

/ have said that there are oppor-
tunities quite clear from the map
and quite patent to all, but it may
be worth while to recapitulate. The
essential feature of advantage TO
the enemy from his otherwise ILL
drawn and accidental line across the
western front is created by the val.
ley Of the Somme and the main rail-
way which follows it. The advanced
line produced by the enemy's sue
cess of two months ago cramped the
efforts Of the Allies everywhere
north of Amiens. Nowhere is there
here more than fifty miles between
the fighting front and the coast. or
the unbridged lower valley of the
Somme. The proximity to Paris
cramps the Allied defence in onlv
less degree to the south of Amiens
In word, the enemy has created
the situation in which there is yerv
little room for our defensive forces
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
Allies Obtain
Air Superiority

The third element is the progress
in the air, and on that we certainly
have strong indications. First of
all is the fact that Allied superior
ity in the air is for the moment
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
the o Allie
The parhveyh rdsanc

thrice and even four times within a
space of six weeks to the firing line
"a rate from three to four times
more rapid than any previously seen
In this war. We must remember
that they had already begun to draw
on their youngest classes of con-
scripts, boys who were sent to the
front after only eight weeks train
ing in some instances. In fact, in
every possible way, they show the
Importance which they attached to
the rapidity of decision.
This long halt in their attack,
therefore, can only mean that they
went too far in their enterprise in
Flanders, which for the moment has
failed. Delays have been imposed
upon them, from necessity for very
heavy recruitment to restore the
establishments of their units and to
prepare their third plan. Both of
thes3 causes may delay the direct
consequences Of that opportunity
which the new and unexpected form
of their success in the Battle of the
Lys apparently offered them, but
which it could not ultimately pro-
vide them.
What the new plan may be,
whether Gas would seem most proba-
BILE from mere mathematical calcu-
lation) the weight of their attack
will fall on the western or Albert
front of their great salient, or
whether (for reasons rather politi-
cal than strategic} upon the south
ern or Lassigny front, or whether
there will be a combination of at
tacks here with renewed attacks on
the positions around Ypres, we know
absolutely nothing. 1t is useless to
speculate.
The only elements of judgment we
have are the map, with it's obvious
opportunities, and the fact that no
special concentration Of German
troops has been observed beyond the
double density in the north and CEN
ire of the lines which have been
established now for two months.
This last element is of very little
value, because we know from the
experience of last March with what
secrecy and dispatch a special con-
centration can be effected by the
German high command.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
otaked Much on
Rapid Decision

ne must remember that they put
1o the fighting line in just over six
.eeks number of divisions which
g knew full week ago to be more
an equivalent Counting second and
saifd appearances of division under
e) TO 231 divisions in actor, and
nscn is now accurately ascertained
y nave been equivalent to 254 divi-
.'Ons. They used up these units at
S. rate which, as described last week,
saulted IN sending them Twice,
New-York tribune., 1918-05-26
snapped Horses
Crossing the Stream

What would seem to have ham
pened and what seems to give rea-
sonaole explanation of so considera-
Ole q waste of men by the Germans
m Flanders and so considerable a
waste of time at moment when
1me was of very great consequence
% the German plans (that is, in the
last phase of a war of exhaustion)
Is tnat the unexpected development
ol tnat success in Flanders led the
enemy higher command to change
'aelr original plan. The rapid break
u the Allied line on the Lys drew
'aem on in pursuit of a secondary
0O'ecs. They neglected their drive
~ . Amlens and rapidly developed
'ae'r threat against the Channel
ports and their attempt to cut off
,ae most northerly portion of the
nhled forces. Their initial success
mere 50 drew them on that they
struck for three weeks uninterruptS
eoly on a larger and larger scale
llss with six divisions, then with
nne, then eleven, and finally thirteen
-uli' after their heavy defeat on
Apfil 70, their new losses had
reached a point which compelled
'aem to reconsider the situation, to
sop their attacks and to draw up
~ a third plan for attaining that
ueeisive victory which their whole
a0sien this spring has shown that
aey regarded as essential for them
aulse early this year.
mad they not clearly believed for
svne reason that very early deci-
s'oa was essential to them they would
a0s nave massed such numbers of
.Oops on what they believed the de-
s'slve front, they would not have
Daaseted such an immense loss of
nea' nor would they have acted with
.acn = unparalleled intensity, and
saefefore SO extensively.
otaked Much on
Rapid Decision
s. We must remember that they put
sa'o the fighting line in just over six
.eeks number of divisions which
!. g knew full week ago to be more
!. Man equivalent Counting second and
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-27
MARINES
Wound ed

JENSEN. Walter. 75l Second Avenue, New
York City.
Missing
STUART. Ralph r.. corp. lS9 West Forty
seventh Street, Now York City.
MARINES
CALIFORNIA:
LANCASTER, f. N, corp. humboldt
County lM).
COLLIER Frank. Springfield % W pre-
viously reported wounded)
HUNTOWSKI, Leon, Chicago % d..
MILES, w. E., East ST. Louis Cd d..
PERRY. Clyde r., Royalton (K).
TALMEY. Bernard A., Chicago lM).
WALKER. Ivan c.. Rockford Cd w.
BERGHoFF. A. f., Fort Wayne (Nn.
HEDRICK, Ora L.. kentland (M)
KENTUCKY:
BRAGG. James w. Ajax CAp.
cox. Richard W, st. Louis.
KRINT, George f.. ST. Louis ID d.
NSick in hospital Previously reported miss
MINNESOTA:
BLANCHETT, l.. j., Elk River % D..
SkEBBA. Linton C., Minneapolis (M).
OREGON:
CADMAN, Seth C., Portland wv; prc-
viously reported dead.
HIATT, Nathan H., Portland Cw).
MICHIGAN:
HYNEs: Clement A., DuHicld CMo.
SUMMERBY, II. c., Alenvlle (Kl.
SINK, Perry L.. Detroit (M)
MARYLAND:
K!LDoW: Hopwood c., Oakland (M).
NEW YORK:
FREER. Milton G., Lockport Cd D..
kARNATZ, Henry J., Akron )M)
SAWYEE; II. e. Cherry Valley ID d.
NEW JERSEY:
BEDELI.. c. R. Ocean Grove ID D..
GROSSKURTH c., corp. Ridgefcld ID ~.
OHIO:
FRY, Edward f.. Canton % d..
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-10-27
Reisenweber's

"Hcrc and There is the cupho-
NOUS and timely title Of the new
fall revue presented for the first
time ct Reisenweber's Columbus
Circle Restaurant last Tuesday eve
ming before typical first night"
audience. The occasion was the re-
turn TO the cast of Ruby Norton,
who had previously earned fame as
the prima donna Of former Rescn-
weber productions and who subsc-
qucntly branchcd out as a star in
many successful Broadway produc-
|tions. She sang with her usual
charm and from her opening num-
Der scored success. Midgie Miller
was another pronounced success,
and both arc destined to become
permanent features around Broad
way. he revue has cast of
twenty-four people, including a
beauty chorus, and was presented
under the direction of Louis Sill
vers. 1t is divided into two parts,
given with few minutes intermis-
sion for general dancing, and lasts
slightly over an hour. The East
man Sisters are seen in several spe-
cialties, and others in the cast are
Margaret Severn, Marie Salisbury,
Stuart Jackson and Tsaki, Jap
|ancse foot juggler.