davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-29
government or by the

by the federal government or oy the
o'1 Perhaps the most immediate labor
question before the country is the re-
absorption into industry OF the 1ast-re-
turning soldiers. Nathan A. Smythe,
assistant director of the United States
employment service, has suggested a
method which has a fair prospect OF
adontion if the need is shown for meet
ing this problem.
Men With Jobs First.
Instead of demobilizing the Army by
units, the simplest and speediest
method, he would have those men dis
charged first who have jobs to go
to- He estimates that about 10 per
cent of the men in the service have
work awaiting them. He offers this
nlan as an alternative for the other
suggestion that when 1t becomes evil
dent that the discharges begin to ex.
demobilization be slowed up. He
points to circular No. H." War
Department order under date of No
yember 81, which provides for dis
charge of men needed to resume
employment in an industry" as
points out that the application OF
precedent for this plan, but also this
method now Is limited 10 exceptional
Shortages in labor. which existed
practically everywhere before the
armistice was signed, already are be-
ginning to disappear. Mr.: Smythe
Stated. Reports from three industrial
centers received by telegraph Decem-
Der "a showed an excess Of dan labor a,,tr
NJ supply and demand in fifty-nine
and Unemployment in thirty-two.
Twenty-three industrial centers. he
said. which three weeks ago showed
an equality of labor supply and de-
mand now show unemployment.
Second only to the procuring of
work for returning soldiers is the
postwar problem Of on woma ms. new rev
tered countless new employment fields
since the war began. and they are de-
termined not to relinquish them The
Juror created by the War Labor
Boards approval OF the Cincinnati
street car mems strike demanding
that women who filled mems places
be dismissed. is sufficient indication
IContinued on Third Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-29
OF LIBERTY BONDS
IMPORTANT DUTY FOR CONGRESS
Problem Which Will Require Thoughtful
Consideration-Refunding Opera
tons Discussed.

method of financing to bring their
credit into disrepute, just as mer-
chant would find his credit suffering,
with the shifting of obligations from
one bank to another. with never a
curtail, until ruin shut down on a
checkered career.
The railroads of this country once
held the very highest credit--some
of them have to this day-largely be-
cause of sinking funds steadily main
tanned for the retirement of obliga-
tons at maturity.
Other railroads have small credit.
many have gone to the gentle care
Of receivers and some have been
saved through the ability of receiver
ships. Many with poor credit stand
ing have not fallen into that condi-
ton in this respect, because of lack
of the sinking fund provisions, but
more through the multiplicity Of control,
the rulings Of forty-eight state boards
of commissioners and the perhaps just
butt not overgenerous Interstate Com
n cree Commission.
Governments Financial Situation.
The government will be obliged to
pay out $765, 000, 900 annually on
$4,000, 100000 of obligations but it
will receive on account of the $7,0O0.-
100000 advanced to our allies-in
large part, for there are some doubt
fu! assets in these obligations-some
Then there is another big fifth
liberty loan coming which will add
considerably to the obligations and
interest payable semi-annually, and
in all probability at a higher rate
than 4 Ia per cent, the basis Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-29
Merchant Marine a Problem.

Another great problem is pressing
for immediate attention. either by
preliminary consideration looking to
after action or. better still. for con-
structive legislation at once-the up
building of the American merchant
marine. One of the great lessons
taught the people of this country by
the war was the driving home of
realization Of the necessity of Great
ing and maintaining merchant ma
rine. AS more or less an academic
question it had been before Congress
perennially. Everybody was agreed
that the merchant marine should be
restored. but there We're the most
violent differences of opinion as to
how it should be done. Now there is
general agreement that differences
must be composed and action must
result
The subject came up for discussion
in the Senate last week, in debate
which was not academic but dealt
with the realities of actual condi-
tions, present and prospective. The
work to be done will fall under two
heads; creation of the vessels and
provision for their manning and oper-
alton. fair start upon both jobs
has already been made by the estab-
1ishment of the shipping board and
building of ships by the Emergency
Fleet Corporation. and by the enact
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-29
Apportionment Among Committees

Today there are twenty-nine differ
ent committees in Congress which pass
upon appropriation and revenue bills.
fifteen in the House and fourteen in
the Senate. These committees con-
slider and report appropriation bills.
either drafted upon recommendations
contained in the book of estimates
submitted by the department heads
or drafted by the members of Congress
themselves. These committees act IN
dependently. without consultation
with one another The committees or
the House are ways and means. appro-
priations, agriculture, foreign affairs,
military affairs. naval affairs. post
office, Indian affairs, rivers and har-
bors. invalid pensions. civil war. pen
sions, District of Columbia, public
buildings and grounds, cialms-pii-
vate and claimS-War. Ihose OF the
Senate are finance appropriations
commerce, agriculture and forestry.
military affairs. pensions, Indian al
fairs, naval affairs, post oiiice, biS
trict of Columbia. public buildings and
grounds. coast dcfenSeS, Claims anu
private land claims.
1t seems incredible that for more
than a hundred years the government
of the United States has permitted
such a method of appropriainS ana
extending the moneys OF the people
to be in effect In past years, 1t is
true, the expenditures of the govern
ment were infiniteSimal compared TO
what they are today. But they had
| grown to large proportions before the
war and were ever lncreasing Tax,
alton was comparatively light ana
most of the taxes We're indirect anu
| for that reason rested more nightly
| on the people. But taxation VIII DE
| one of the great issues in this coun-
! trv for years to come. and the polIil-
| cal party which can best levy the
taxes and administer the expenditures
of the government will be the party
! in power. The business men OF the
| country are seriously turning their
attention to these questions. for upon
| them must fall large part of the
| taxation. They are making them
selves heard more and more in favor
| of a national budget system, which
| will prevent extravaganza and tend
to reduce taxation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-29

annual interest calculation. There
may even be a sixth liberty loan, for
the fifth loan is being paid out now
at the rate of $500.000,000 every two
, weeks.
Any consideration of the financial
not contemplate heavy additions to
the pension list, would only be an
attempt to dodge an issue that cannot
be lodged.
We have also to meet the further
expenses Of the war. an unknown
the Army and Navy personnel. and
the monthly payments to dependents
of soldiers.
We have, through the new revenue
bill now before the conferees. as
J sumed the task of raising $4,000, 00O,-
100000 during 1920.
Urgent deficiency also must be given
credit for the perennial appearance
and to this account will be debit the
loss of internal revenue through the
! prevailing dry winds which seem to
be blowing in the general direction of
absolute prohibition.
Question Requiring Thought.
All of which suggests that there
should be much consideration given
ing obligations as they mature
It would be the very next thing to
an impossibility to pay off all the
obligations at scheduled dates. and
| something of injustice to put the
| entire burden of making the world
safe for democracy on the shoulders
of the present generation. but a plan
should be worked out. with careful
! consideration for prospective reve-
nues and obligations for current ex-
penses that would enable the gov
eminent gradually to reduce and
/! ultimately wipe out the great debt.
The size of the obligations should
keep the lid of the pork barrel spiked
down for the next twenty-five years,
if not longer.
Maturity Of Liberty Loans.
The third liberty loan has the
earliest maturity, September Is. 1928,
the total Of this issue being $4.716.-
51S,s50. The fourth. las, are due
in 1898, and the others in 1912 and
1947, although they have an earlier
optional redemption date. at the call
! Continued on Eleventh Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-29
BY j. r. HILDEBRAND
OF The Star STAFF.

Y ABoR'S major problem in the
postwar period, as outlined in
The Star of last Sunday. is to
arrive at closer understanding
and better relations with capital That
Is an issue outside of governmental
control and must be met in the field
OF industry and economics.
But there are other labor problems.
agitated even before the arnistice was
signed. which now are coming up for
adjustment. And nearly all of these
call for legislative action. They will
be raised either on the floors of Con-
gress or in state legislatures.
Only yesterday and Friday. at Rich
snond. Va. before the twelfth annual
meeting of the American Association
for Labor Legislation, labor's friends
outlined specifically some of the bene-
Ats they will urge for labor as just
deserts for labor's part in winning the
war.
Advocate Social Insurance.
Social insurance of various kinds
will be one of the principal iobjects
of this campaign. Samuel McCune
Lindsay, president or the association.
struck the keynote of this plea in his
opening address when he said:
Social insurance seems to lie at the
heart of the most promising solution
!, of the great task of social and indus
trial reorganization and reconstruct
ton which the marvellous changes
throughout the world have forced
upon us"
The speaker urged that two princi-
piles must be applied to make social
insurance measures effective. One is
the employment Of compulsion to in
sure equal benefits to all. and the sec
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-29
BY n. O. MESSENGER.

- ONGRESS leaders have been
advised by the managers of
4 the prohibition campaign of
their expectation that by
early next spring the requisite num-
constitutional amendment providing
for nationwide prohibition. The man
ayers will then come to Congress for
legislation to make prohibition effec-
tive in fact as provided in the Con-
stitution of the United States.
1t will be necessary to enact laws
providing penalties for making or
ton in competent courts of cases aris-
ing under the law and to set up the
machinery of prosecution and es-
pecially of espionage and detection.
Drastic provisions of law will be pro-
posed to prevent wet" states from
evading prohibition. The history of
state prohibition has shown that it is
possible, through the election of SYM
pathetic local officials, practically to
nullify in communities the law of the
state. Experience is to be taken from
ment of countrywide prohibition will
be made accordingly.
Moreover, enforcement of prohibit
ton will be by federal officials re-
Sponsible to the authority of Con-
gress, through appropriations for
maintenance of the offices.
Speaker Predicts Conversation.
Speaker Champ Clark allows that
c ha
conversation" in the House when
Chairman Sims brings up his bill to
continue for five years the govern
ment operation of railways, as pro-
posed by former Secretary and pres
ent Director General McAdoo. While
Mr.. Clark did not say so. it is well
understood that Mr.. McAdoo's propo-
sition is viewed askance by many, for
Sundry and divers reasons. some of
them political and bearing upon pres
fdential politics in 1920.
Minority Leader Mann holds the
opinion that disposition of the rail-
ways may not be effected at this Ses-
sion of Congress. but might have to
go over for subsequent action. The
truth is that there is great uncer
tainty in the minds of men at the
Capitol over the railroad question and
what is best to be done for the WEI
fare of all concerned.
The committee on interstate COM
merce of the Senate proposes to shed
further light upon it in a series of
hearings commencing next week. at
which all parties in interest will be
solicited to give their views. OF hear
ings on 1.-The railroad question"
broadly comprehended. there has
been no end in recent years. by COM
mitteeS of both houses. Volumes of
testimony have heen printed. embody-
ing everything from the judgment of
experts to the vagaries of theorists.
must he Subordinatea to practical
ity-it is condition which confronts
the Congress. The statesmen will
have to deal with one of the greatest
assets of the nation. and in a bust
nesslike way. where experiment will
he costly and mistakes disastrous.
They all realize this: they propose to
move cautiously. it is declared.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-29
u. s. LACKS. DEFINITE
ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
Raises and Spends Large Sums of Money in
Way That Results in Extravaganza,
Waste and Inefficiency.

appropriation bill is introduced in the
House. Accounting officers account to
parliament for the proper expenditure
of the budget. The controller and
auditor general is an Independent
officer. controlling the exchequer and
audit department. A public accounts
committee composed of fifteen mem
, bers of the house of commons is ar-
pointed to which the controller general
must report. This committee investi-
gates any Irregularities.
france. Germany, Japan. SwitZer-
land and other nations have ma
tlonal budget system, and in all it
mas tended to reduce expenditures and
bring about economy and efficiency.
A great corporation which under
took to run its affairs as does the
government of the United States.
without an annual budget. would be
considered the height of the ridicul-
Gus and would come to grief in short
order. The government of the United
States today should. because of its
wide activities andsvast expenditures.
be the greatest business concern in
the country and in the world. But it
ignores business principles.
Action Necessary.
An examination of the Constitution
of the United States leads to the
belief that Commandment to the Con-
stitution would be necessary to estab-
lish a national budget system. The
main step necessary is a change or a
series of changes in the rules of the
House and Senate. The Constitution
provides that the President shall
from time to time give to Congress
f of&
and recommend to their consideration
such measures as he shall judge
necessary and eXpedient" 1t also
provides that no money shall be
drawn from the Treasury except in
consequence of appropriations by law.
The Constitution provides. too, that
all measures for raising revenue must
originate in the House. though the
Senate may propose amendments. The
custom has grown up also that all oil
the annual appropriation bills must
originate in the House. But there is
nothing to prevent the establishment
of a budget system in the letter OF
| the Constitution, or the spirit, for
! that matter.
| After the budget has been prepared
and submitted to Congress, members
of the cabinet, who already have the
privilege of the floor in both Senate
and House, should be called upon to
answer questions as to the need of
| the items in the budget. in the opinion
of Senator Kenyon. They would have
no vote. and no power to debate, hut
merely the power to answer queries
| In this way Congress would he able
| to inform itself more adequately about
various appropriations than it does
| today. The fact that the cabinet OF
ficers would be called upon to defend
| in the Congress the items for their
departmentS in the budget would have
| a wholesome effect, it is believed.
, causing the cabinet officers to be OK
ceedingly careful what went into the
budget
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-29

Cities have allowed the same
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-29
Budgets in Other Nations.

There is not another great nation
in the world which does not have a
budget system. More than 200 years
ago Great Britain established such a
system, and under it it is impossible
for members of the house Of commons
to initiate expenditures. The budget
ia prepared by the executive branch
Of the government. and the govern
ment stands or sometimes falls on
that budget. Parliament has the
right to reject the budget and force
a new government, if it desires.
nut there must be consent on the part
Of the executive in order that the
house of commons may make changes
in the budget
When the estimates are approved the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-29

CONTINUED on Third Page.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-29
Two Measures Necessary.

budget system. They are:
1. A co-ordinated budget, or book of
estimates, in which the necessary ap-
preparations for the various branches
of the government are put forward
with relation to the Importance and
need of the government agencies.
2. The power of members of Con-
gress, both Senate and House, to
initiate expenditures of the public
moneys must be taken away. though
they should. retain the power to re,
duce or eliminate items in the national
budget proposed by the executive.
Under the present method book of
estimates is presented to Congress at
the beginning of each session in De-
cember for the ensuing fiscal year by
the Secretary of the Treasury. But
the Secretary of the Treasury merely
transmits to the Congress these esti-
mates as they are sent to him by the
heads of the various departments.
They are framed without consulta-
ton between the members of the cab
met and without consultation with
the Secretary of the Treasury as to
each cabinet officer seeks to obtain
the largest possible amount for his
department. The result is book OF
| estimates extravagant in the extreme.
Today members of the Senate and
| House may propose any expenditures
system results in "pork-barref'
measurer, in which each member tries
/ TO get the maximum amount of money
| for his district or state without any
regard to the expenditures for the
| country as a whole. There is log
rolling" by which various members
| agree to support the proposals OF
| other members if in turn the others
| will support measures in which they
are interested.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-29

Y IKE Topsy, the method by
which the United States
government raises an
spends money "just grow
~ ed" AS new departments of
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1918-06-12
NOTICE Or ELECTION.
state OF South Carolina,
County of LaHrens.

Whereas, petitions signed by legal
number Of the qualified electors and
|froc-holdcrs residing in Youngs school
district No. 4, Laurcns county,
South Carolina, asking for an election
upon the question of voting an addi-\
tional mills tax upon the property
in said school district to he used for
school purposes. have been filed with
the county board of education, an
election is hereby ordered upon said
question. said election TO he held on
the 14th dap of june. 1918. at Bethany
school house in said district, un-
der the management Of the trustees
Of said school district.
Only such electors as return real
or personal property for taxation and
istration certificates as required In
the general election shall be allowed
to vote.
Those favoring the 4 mill additional
tax shall vote ballot containing the
word YES written or printed there
on. Those against tho mill addi-
tional tax shall vote ballot contain
ing the word mo" written or printed
thereon. Polls shall open at the hour
of o'cloc, in the forenoon and shall
remain open until the hour OF
o'clock in the afternoon when they
shall be closed, and the ballots count
led.
''l>c trustees shall report the result
Of TIC election to Tie county auditor
and county superintendent Of educa-
ton within ten days thereafter.
JAMES II. SULLIVAN,
BY order OF County Board
45-2t
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1918-06-12

There Is more Catarrh in this section OIL
the country than all other diseases put
together. and UHiil the last few years
was supposed 10 BE inCuTah!c. For a
great many years doctors pronounced it
local disease and Nrvscv.h.1 local RENE
with local uCatN.rut ;,iunuun vtl ii incur
able. Science has itovon CatIr!h TO hc Il
constitutional disease. and therefore re-
Catarrh cure, nnnutartultd by L. >.
Cheney Il Co, 'Io!odn, phio. is the only
Constitutional CU;" on tho market 1t K
taken internally. !; acts ,irCCt'y on the
blood and mucous s,niavrS of the system.
They offer one hundred dollars for any
case j; fails TO cure. send for circulars
ana testimonials.
Address: J.. j cilr;ErY & co. Toledo. {
Sold by DrvEeieie. TiC
Take l!alio Family t..,u :o- constipation
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1918-06-12
i. A. WHARTON DEAD.
Death Claims Well Known Cross Hill
Citizen After Two Years. Illness.

Cross Hill, June l0.-Mr. B. A..
Wharton, who had been a sufferer for
nearly two years, quietly passed away
at his home here Saturday afternoon
at S:20 O'Clock. Though his death
had not bocn unexpected for several
months, still his passing was accom-
panied with much grief by his people
and many friends here and over the
county and state where he was we'll
known. He made strong fight
against the cncroaching monster and
everything that medical skill at homo
and in various hospitals, together with
constant and most tender care and at
tcntion by his family could do was
done, but the unconQuerable malady
gradually did its work with continued
tenacity. With chccrfulncss and hope,
desiring to live, but ready to die, Mr..
Wharton bore his long and continuous
suffering with linyiclding fortitudc.
Thou%h perfectly resigned to the will
of Him in whom he implicitly trusted.
PERHAPS no one ever battlcd more
hravcly against disease. The remains
were placed 10 res: beside his former
wife in the Moun,vllc cemetery Sun
day afternoon in the presence of
Very largo congrcgation Of Sorrowing
relatives and friends. The burial core
monies wcrc conducted by his pastor.
Rev. Geo T. Smith. \ company Of
little NSunhCams" who always called
ness and love for the little children,
preceded the Caskct to The grave With
bCautiGul nOral contributions.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1918-06-12
lzazElRagg0ss EaEzaEsSayEzzSRg8
REAL ESTATE
OFFERINGS
We list below a few choice
farms that We are now in
position to offer those who
are looking for good values.

II. p. Buraettc place. 3G5 acres,
one mile from Laniord Station.
SIS per acre.
Frank Clarke place, 225 acres,
near Lanford station. Price $l5,-
000
One lot on West Main street ad-
joining home OF }. }. Adams,
Price $500.
Two lots on Irby Avenue, sep
ara,cly or together. $1,000 for
both.
, J. E. Goddard place, Waterloo
township, 40 acres, $1,000.
Will Henderson place, $40
acres, Lisbon section. $1,000.
n acres within one half mile
OF Rarksdale Station, with good
buildings, $500 per acre.
@25 acres. Waterloo township,
old Cheek estate, $3.50 per acre.
The old home place Of DR.. j. T.
Poole on North Harper ST., 1 II
acres, with splendid house,
100000.
Two nice cottages near Watts
Mills; one prircd $1,000 and other
$4,000 These are bargains.
Three small farms near City Of
LaurenS. with dwellings and i'm
proycmcnts; prices right.
The G. Y. Hellams residence
near Gray Court-Owings high
school. Large paln, orchard and
ulSp;v 0f wafer