davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03
MANNING DEFEATED.
Sumter High School Opens Season
With n Victory i'm Il Well Played
Game.

The Sumter high school opened it's
1918 baseball season in an auspicious
manner yesterday when they defeat
ed Manning i'm well played game
score to !. The game was nip and
tuck until the sixth inning, when the
locals forged ahead. Manning's lone
run was due to an error while Sumter
earned four of her runs by clean hit
ting.
The game rocked along for three
innings with no scoring, but the young
Gamecocks scored two in the fourth
on DennistOn's drive to left field.
Again in the sixth they scored four
runs on three successive hits and an
error. Denniston opening the inning
/ with clean hit to the right field
fence for three bases. He scored
when the visitors second baseman
booted Cothran's grounder. Bland
ing beat out bunt and he and Goth
ran scored on Crawford's two-bagger
to right. Crawford scored on Dicks
infield hit. Manning scored her lone
run in the fourth inning on an err
ror in backing up a relay throw.
The game was featured by the con-
sistent pitching Of both twirlers,
Blanding for the home team and
Timmons for the Meaningless. Bland
ing showed rare form, striking out
seven and not walking a man. Only
two hits were gathered from his de-
livery. DennistOn i'm centre field with
two hits out of three times up and
with two splendid catches was also in
the limelight Crawford at third base
garnered everything that came his
way He also slammed the ball hard.
Only small crowd witnessed the
game. The management Of the high
school team plans to give the people
or Sumter some good baseball if they
will only support the team. The To-
Gals demonstrated yesterday that they
have well balanced organization
which would make any high school
team go the limit to win. Included
in the Gamecock schedule as planned
for home games are Carlisle Fitting
school. last years prep school cham
pions. Columbia high, last years high
school champions and Florence,
champions of the Pee Dee Unless the
gate receipts show a decided increase.
T. will be impossible to bring these
strong teams here. 1t is to be hoped
that the next game will be better at
tended
The score by innings of yesterdays
game, which was seven innings by
agreement. follows:
r II E
Sumter ..... 1000 2O4 6 2
Manning -. 900 100 1 2 9
Batteries: Blanding and Rhame;
Timmons and Timmons Umpire
Long
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03
FIFTEEN YEARS FOR DESERVING
Roy \. Hooker, Member of Old First
South Carolina Regiment, Severely
Punished

Grccnville, March 2S.-Following Il
recent announcement by the COM
handing officer ut Camp Sewer that
more drastic punishment would be
meted out To deserters i'm the future it
was announced today that sentence
o' 10 years i'm the disciplinary bar
racks ~ Fort JAY. forfeiture of all
discharge upon completion of the
term of confinement had been impos-
eel upon Private Roy a. Hooker, One
Hundred and Eighteenth Infantry,
for desertion.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03
CAN'T BREAK THROUGH.
Premier Cicmenceau Visits the Bat
tie Front and Returns to Paris Very

Premier Cicmenceau Visits the Bat
tie Front and Returns to Paris Very
Confident.
Paris. March 29.-'The enemy will
not conquer our resistance" said Pre-
mier Clemenceau when surrounded by
deputies at the Bourbon Palace upon
his reurn from the front this after
noon. Il do not wish to pose as pro-
phet. That is not my habit, but
come what may, they will not break
through" Anecdotes showing the
wonderful morale of the French
troops were related by the premier. A
battalion of territorial troops, arriving
at the front line yesterday, were found
awaiting the order for counter-at-
tack sitting unconcernedly in mud
field within range of the German
shells. which were breaking in the inn
mediate vicinity.
What are you doing here" said M.
Clemenceau. 1--WE are at rest" re-
spOnded a soldier quietly.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03
Stamps by Grades:

Here are some more War Saving
Societies i'm Sumter:
The Embroidery w. s. S.: Mrs. C.
d. Mcknight. Jr.. President; Natalie
Norman. Secretary: Mrs F.. M. Hall
Bessie Meares. Mrs. c. 8. Mason, Mrs.
Tyree. Edmonia Garrett. Jennie Walsh
Mrs. j. ID. Graham. Mabel Bowman,
Mrs. III. N. Forester. Mrs. j. j. Will
liams. Mrs. BeddingGeld.
Oswego School No. 1: Katherine
Andrews, President jamie Robinson,
Secretary; Lula Smith, Julia Mccoy.
Mamie DuBose. Dolores Brown, Alma
Smith. Edith Cummings George Dn-
Bose. Annie Cue.
Oswego School No. q: Vernell Win
kies. Preaident. selah Watts. Score
tary: Mildred Andrews. Delphine
Barnes. Hazel Mccoy. Edith Proctor.
Marvin Smith. Rebecca Wrinkles.
Phillip DuBose. Edgar Watts. Eve
lyn Mccoy. David Wrinkles. Jack Du-
Bose. Carson Proctor, Kate Dickson.
teacher). Marion Lacy Andrews
Ashby Mccoy. Sarah Mccoy, Olin
Robinson. John Wrinkles. Ray Barnes,
Ruby Mcleod. Johnnie Mccoy. Don
Watts. Otis Andrews. Blanche
Smith, Leonard Proctor.
Oswego School No. 3: Ada Nc
I-eod. President; Mary Mccoy. Secre-
tary; Lucinda Robinson. Bert Robin
son. Claude Mcleod. Wofford Nc.
Coy. Kathleen DuBose. Bernard
Brown. Thomas Odom. Bryan Odom,
William DuBose.
Salem school: Teresa Andrews.
President: Hennie Price, Secretary;
John Price. Rebecca Price, Louise
Shealy Maysio Wilson, Clybie War
rem. Mcbride Dabbs. Roberta An
drews. Frances Warren.
Shiloh School No. l: Ruth Greene,
President: Neva Greene. Secretary;
LIME Greene. Laura Player, Queenie
Greene. Clara Player. Myrtle Player,
Ruby Player Hill McElveen. Earl
Player. Whiteford Whitigan, Nathan
lei Greene. Edith Caraway, May
Green, Eloise Player, Willie Beck
johnson, Columbus Welch, c. B. Ep-
ting, Jr.
shiloh School No. g Marian Stur,l
cy presilcnt. Virgiri. voh,,,ou Co.
retary; Lauris Green. Ila Nesbitt, jeff
Player. Ellamay Nesbitt. Mary Cara
way jamie Wedekind. Rosa Coker
Roy Welch, Terrell Player. Alma
Player. Oiean McElveen. Isabel Co
kcr.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03
HOSPITALS FOR SOLDIERS.
Men Injured i'm Service Will Have Best
Treatment.

Washington, April THAT disa bled
members Of the military service will
be cared for by rehabilitation sur
geons, even though they are not ex-
pected to return to duty, until they
attain complete recovery or as COM
plete as can be expected, was an
nounced today by Surgeon General
Gorgas. Additional hospitals for re-
construction work designated today
include Fort Mcpherson and Ogle-
thorpe, Ga.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03
SCHOOL CHILDREN BUY THRIFT
STAMPS.
Ihe sumter Schools Have Done Fine
Work. but Look at What Little Ma
riOn Has Done

Take your hat off to the school chill
dren; they are stamp buyers with a
capital B. The Sumter school chill
dren bought over $1,000 worth
through March 26th. But. stop. look.
listen:
In that little town OF Marion. i'm one
week. the school children. 447 all told.
bought s4,42095 worth of stamps.
Fory-four twenty ninety-hve. AL
most as much as Sumter county had
bought It's enough to make the
Kaiser kick.
This Is what the Marion Star says
about It:
The children of the Marion graded
school took slap ut the Kaiser i'm a
week campaign of thrift stamps buy.
ing. and the result is that Uncle Sam
through the efforts of these vigorous
American children, has the, use of
N.420.95 i'm money.
In this great and good school there
are now enrolled 447 children, and
IT viii be seen that i'm one week
stamps to the amount Of SO were,
bought for each ohild. Several grades
ran much higher. and the winning
grade. the 9th. bought total of
N.327.75. while there are about 20
pupils in the grade.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03

Miss Kitty Stubbs is at home from
Converse College for Easter.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03


Z The Sumter Drug Co.
Crosswell & Co.
Geo. ID. Shore g. Bro.
Ryttenberg & CO..
Phillips 4 Co.
The Jackson Co.
Mitchelrs Drug Store. s to II.
Sumter Corset Shop,
Sumter Motor Co.
A. Blacker,
The Wreck store,
Wallace & Moses,
McCollum Auto. Co.
McCallum Realty Co.
John Clack Realty Co.
3. Fl. Kress & Co.
The Ladies' Shop.
VIM. III. Cobb Co.
j. f.. King & Co.
IL. l.. Tisdale,
II. A. Hoyt.
Cash Dry Goods Co.
The Sumter Dry Goods Co.
Mcclellan Stores,
III. Kristiansen,
Singer Sewing Machine Co.
The Battery.
G.. w. Costin,
New York Bargain House,
First National Bank,
b. j. Barnett,
Alex Averbuck
Sumter Hat Shop,
The Commercial Bank & Trust Co
City National Bank,
M. Green,
Sumter Trust Co.
Overland Sales Co.
l.. Alpert.
l.. e. LeGrand,
II. s. Hood,
Bultman Shoe Co.
Roston Furnishing Co.
Dixie Electric Co.
Il. Woolen Mills Co.
l.. w. Folsom.
Knight Bros. Book store.
r.. w. Hurst.
M. Il. Brown,
Geo. III. Hurst,
Booth & Mcleod. Inc.
Schwartz Bros.
w. b. Burns & Son,
Sumter Railway G. Mill Supply CO
Levi Bros.
Sumter Book Store,
Citizens Insurance Agency,
The National Bank of South Caro-
ina.
The Peoples Bank.
NJ. Goldberg.
The National Bank of Sumter
Hearon's Pharmacy, a. m. to 10
p. m.
Geo. +. Jennings,
Bradford Bros.
Anchor Auto & Truck Co.
NJ. III. Flaum,
Enterprise Co.
B. Cato.
G.. NJ. Phifer,
w. Il. Boyle CO. hardware Do
partment)
II. Schiadaressi.
G. w. Kingman.
Those refusing to slgp follow:
V. Gorgcs. 80 s. Main.
Alex NOfal, 81 s. Main.
Dixie Grocery, SO s. Main.
The Farmers Grocery (Nathan
ifarper's Grocery.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03

President Wilson Has Accepted TN.
vitation to speak i'm Baltimore.

WASHINGTON, April 1.-President
Wilson to-day accepted an invitation
to open the Liberty Loan campaign in
Baltimore Saturday the first anniver-
sary of Americas entrance into the
war. He will also, review eighteen
thousand troops at Camp Meade.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03

MANY Societies are Being Formed
Both in the City ana County-Some
of Them.

War Saving Society Is an associa-
ton or ten or more people for the
purpose OF encouraging savings, the
promotion of patri otism and the got
eral heightening OF interest and help
in the great undertaking i'm which
America Is engaged Primarily, of
course. War Savings Society Is for
savings: other matters are secondary;
members decide on a line OF saving.
set small minimum limit. and meet
once every week. two weeks. or
month as they decide on to talk over
matters and to report their savings to
the secretary who keeps the record.
The North Washington Street w. s.
y. is composed OF Mrs. II. C. Forester.
president Mrs. s. X. Rowland, sec
retary. and Mesdames sickler, Archie
China. G.. "A. Isaacs, A. C.. Phelps. C..
ID. Schwartz. w. III. Graham. c. W.
kingman. f. A. Bultman, r. w. Nc
Collum. Lee Bostick, G.. l.. Stubbs. ].
Il. Hearos. Hiss Ulrica Pate, DR.. So
phia Brunson.
Mrs. vi. III. F)aum is president OF
the West End Club and Mrs. r.. IL.
Witherspoon is secretary. The other
members are Mrs. c. j. Dwyer, Mrs
G. l.. Stubbs. Mrs. II. ID. Forbes, Mrs.
j. III. Guthrie. Mrs NJ. NJ. Platt. Mrs.
Il. ID. Cole. Mrs w. r. Phillips, Mrs.
Eeyward Crowson, and Mrs. p. p.
Gaillard.
The Patriotic Club is presided over
by Miss Mabel Bowman while Mr.. j.
j. Williams is secretary. other mem
bers are Miss Roberta Williamson.
Miss Martha Norman. Mrs. e. NJ.
Hall. Mrs. VIII shaw. Mrs. f. A. Nc
CoIlum. Mrs. J. ID. Graham, S. l..
Roddey and III. A. Moses.
The membership OF the other socie-
ties will be- published from time to
time until all are given. War Savings
societies will soon dot Sumter all
over the map. The purchases OF
these societies should be kept by the
secretary. to whom the members
should report at each meeting how
much each has purchased. The pur-
chase by members should be purchas-
ing for own account to keep; not pur-
chases to sell again as with other
sales agents. or purchases foe The
children. but purchases by the mem
ber for that members own assount. |
The first report should be the
amount to date: then each period
thereafter for that period; the secre-
tary has then the purchases for the
period and the purchases to date. |
These reports should be handed IN
periodically to Mrs. C. l.. stubbs no
~ an aecl,Ease record OF all soclsty
work can be kept
There is no reason why the War
Savings societies shbuld be composed
only OF women. The me-, should he
long. and the women should take tie
men In with them. Every one can
and should Join I'm War Savings. It's
y big Held that opens an opportunity
TO every one to help I'm common work. |
The beauty OF Il IL. too. that while
you are performing n patriotic work
Tor your country you are making no
manner of sacrifice yourself. You are
benenting yourself.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03
MORE VICTIMS FOUND.
Rescue Pariic. Find More Dead wo.
men La Paris Church.

Paris. March Rescue parties
working In the church which was
sTuck yesterday by u shell from the
German long range gun. found more
bodies. II ~ now known that nifty
four women were Killed.
The official statement last night
r8id seventy i've were killed and
ninety wounded.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03

Eight business buildings Destroyed
Loss $500, 900.

Atlantic City, n. j., April 1.-Fire
IN Il four story brick building i'm the
center Of Il business block, gutted
eight buildings and caused three hun
dred thousand damage. The fire was
caused By crossed wires.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03

The humiliation Russia is now un-
dergoing is a fair sample of what
Germany wants to impose on the rest
Of the world.-Chicago Herald.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03
GERMAN GAINS NOT ALARMING
General March RcaslIres American
People.

Washington, March 28.-In a state
ment tonight Major General March,
acting chief of staff, assured the
American people that there is no
cause for alarm in the advances by
the Germans in tho great battle now
raging in Picardy and expressed com
plete confidence in the triumph of the
allied arms.
General March said
/ Whatever may be the present
ground held by the Germans; what
ever sacrifices Of men the situation
must entail, the allies will see il
through and will win"
Late tonight the general still was
without any word from General Per-
shing concerning the American troops
participating in the battle. General
Pershins's reports today and tonight
dealt entirely with the positions OF
the opposing forces yesterday as de
scribed in British and French ollcial
statements.
Among the new divisions identified
on the German front the war depart
ment IL advised are four which have
been brought back from Russia.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03
DAYLIGHT SAVING AGREEMEH Hr
Business Men of Sumter Will Observe
New Law i'm Letter and Spirit.

The following agreement has bee,
firms of Sumter:
We, the undersigned business es.
Establishments of Sumter agree to
strictly observe the Daylight Say.
ing Laws as enacted by our nation
al congress, commencing Monday
April 1st:
The O'Donnell Dry Goods Co.
Levy & Moses.
Stubbs Bros
w. A. Thompson.
Hardy & Co. Inc.
Sumter Roller Mills,
Sumter Clothing Co.
Shaw & McCollum Mercantile Co.
The ID. j. Chandler Clothing Co.
O'DOnnell e. Co.
Cuttino q Mcknight,
v. H. Phelps.
McCollum Bros.
w. II. Shelley & Son.
Mclnvail & Zeagler Furniture Co.
The DuRant Hardware Co.
Joseph M. Chandler.
j. Denemark,
Moran Il Co.
Carolina Grocery Co.
Ralph Hin.
Carolina Machinery Co.
The Misses Wilkes,
Quicker & Bultman,
w. L. Lester,
w. W. Sibert, to II.
w. N. Folsom Co.
Zemp's Pharmacy, close II D. m.
new time.
The Cherry Co.
DeLorme's Pharmacy, to II.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-04-03

Some women will pay so for a
waist and blow like n spreading adder
II hubby buys n silk front shirt for
l.4s.--Gatfney News.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-04-21
DISTINCT SHOCK TO BRITISH
PUBLIC FOR DAYS.

The loss Of all the famous ground
gained in the campaign of 1917 at
Ypres, following the loss of all the
other ground gained at the Somme
in 1917, was a shock and a disap-
pointment to the British public. II
was an unmistakab bic evidence of
battlefield success on the part of the
German, but it had no decisive
bearing upon the new conflict II
did not help the German to get
nearer to Calais and il did extricate
the British troops TO the north from
a difficult and dangerous situation
The successful retreat practically
abolished the German chance of
isolating the allied troops in Bel
GUM from those in France, the
British had retired 10 a shorter
front, releasing more troops for i'm
mediate use. But the decisive event
Of this advance was the arrival on
Wednesday Of a French army west
of Bailleul barring the German
roadway to Calais. Once more the
French reserves had arrived in time
TO deprive the German Of any major
profit from an immediate and con-
siderable local success. But the
local success was incomparably less
than that felt two or three weeks
before 10 the south. As against an
advance Of 80 miles. the Germans
had covered only Il miles. Where
they had claimed 10000 prisoners
about the Somme. they could count
less than 10000 about the Lys river
Where they had broken the British
fifth army, they had only bent the
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-04-21
THEATERS
AUDITORIUM

Tomorrow's attractions are Thief
or Angel" a two-reel picture taken
from one OF Judge Browns stories:
The Scholar" a comedy with Billy
West in the leading role. our Lit
tie Nell," a drama and the Pathe
news Of interesting events.
over there red-blooded pa
tri0tic war drama, will be shown on
Monday and Tuesday. The cast is
a strong one and includes Charles
R!chman, Anna Nilsson and Ger
trude Berkeley, who viii be remem-
bered as the mother in War
Brides" Some wonderful battle
scenes are said 10 be shown and an
interesting love story runs through
the piece In addition 20 this war
play another big feature. the IA
nous comedian, Charlie Chaplin,
VIII appear in the first picture under
his new management. entitled, A
Dogs Life" in which this favorite
comedian IS said 20 be seen at his
best AS an extra attraction for
these two days, Walter Green, a
singer OF Chicago, has been engaged
10 sing over There" and other pa
triOtic songs at every performance.
On Wednesday Tom Mix, the
greatest OF all cowboy actors, will
bo seen in "A new siX-reel western
comedy drama called Western
Blood" Others picture on the bill
are who's Who" a comedy: the
Pathe news and a beautiful hand
colored film showing "Biaritz. the
Fashionable and the Warblers Of
France" May Allison. who has not
been seen here for a long time will
appear in her first starring vehicle,
Social Hypocrites." comedy
drama. Miss Allison is supported by
an especially strong cast which in
cludes Joseph Kugour, Henry Kol-
ker, Marie Wainwright and Stella
Hammerstein. The ] 5th episode Of
The Mystery Ship" and the Ford
weekly will also be shown Norma
Talmadge in The Secret of the
Storm Country will be Fridays fea-
ture. with The Fifth Wheel" pic
tured from the o. Henry story and
His Strength OF Mind" a Sidney
Drew comedy. On Saturdays bill
are "Daybreak," a five-reel drama;
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-04-21
l-AS&LLE

The Hkeable personality Of Charles
Ray is again displayed 10 excellent
advantage in his latest picture, The
Son OF His Father" which is repeat
ed by popular request at the LaSalle
today. While many a dramatic sue
cess has been founded on the theme
OF the boy who makes good and
proves his worth to the whole world,
this idea has been given a different
angle in this pictured story. Mr..
Ray has in the past been identified
with country lad and "yokeI' roles
and his impersonations OF this type
has always combined just the right
amount OF pathos and humor. In
The Son Of His Father" he por-
trays an aimless lad, awakened from
his laziness by the sneers Of his
father and the faith Of his sweet
heart. Charles French. a veteran ac-
tor again plays the father role in
support OF Mr.. Ray.
Henry 3. Walthall, he of The
Birth Of a Nation" fame. is tomor-
rows LaSalle star in "Humdrum
Brown" a story Of ordinary folks,
told in a humorous and wholly de-
lightful manner. The stOry's central
character is that Of a bank clerk in
One-hOrse town, who has saved
and scraped for seven long years to
marry the girl he loves. Just as he
is about TO accomplish his hearts
desire. his aunt is taken i'll and the
small fortune goes for an operation.
The spectators sympathy is aroused
and ne is glad when the capture of
the absconding bank president gives
tie boy a chance higher up"
Walthalrs powerfully impressive
personality makes "Humdrum
Brown" the most likable fellow on
earth. Mary Charleson, always
prominent in support OF this well
known star, is again his charming
leading woman. The LaSalle Screen
Telegram, an interesting newsy reel,
is also a feature OF the program.
Patrons Of the Lasalle theater will
be given a real treat on Tuesday
when Seven Keys to Baldpate."
featuring George NJ. Conan, is
shown. This picturized adaptation
of Earl Derr Biggers' popular novel
and play is of more than ordinary
interest on account of the fact that
it brings again before the camera
that most beloved OF stage stars,
George VI. Cohan, whose admirers
are without number. AS for the
story no one could ask for a more
delightful mixture Of comedy, thrills
and excitement Those who are
familiar with the mystery farce will
agree that il is even more entertain
ing in it's pictured form than it was
as a stage hit. A star, known from
coast to coast, a play that is full OF
pep" and direction that is skilful
in the extreme-these are the assets
of Seven Keys TO Baldpate," a
screen play of hilarious fun from
start to finish. Another episode of
the patriotic serial that is attract
ing such wide attention, "A Daugh-
ter of Uncle Sam" is also shown.
Faith Endurin' - starring Roy
Stewart, well known western actor,
is Wednesdays film attraction at the
LaSalle. on Thursday Margarita
Fischer is the star in THE PRINT
tive Woman" A James Montgomery
Flagg Girls You Know" is also on
the bill. Friday Clara KimbaT
Young returns to the LaSalle in
The House of Glass" while the first
Of the son Of Democracy" series
entitled MY Mother" is also on the
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1918-04-21

Charles Ray, the LaSalle's featur-
cd player today, was born in Jack
sonvilIe. Ill. i'm 1891. Was on the
stage for almost five years in musi-
cal comedy. vaudeville and dramatic
stock. Rides. swims and plays ten
mis-. Brown hair. brown eyes:
height feet; weight 10: married.
Address, Ince Studio. Culver City.
Calf.
The motion picture theaters
throughout the country have been
congratulated by Pres't Wilson for
the splendid work they arc assisting.
in letting the country's four-minute
men occupy their stage and present
talks on various subjects OF patriotic
purposes. The IaSalle. as our pa
irons know. is doing its bit, aiding
this mighty cause.
Louise Glaum is coming back TO
the LaSalle screen soon. Her reap
pearance will be made in a big pa
triotic drama entitled An Alien
Enemy" This big. timely drama
sways from the cool, calculating de-
strdction wrought by the Hun agents
i'm our land-to the utter desOlation
on the fair fields OF France.