davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1918-11-08
What is an ArmistiCe?

Washington, d. c., NoV.3. Special
Since armistice negotiations with
Germany have become. d certainty
there has been careful searching by
diplomats and officials here in inter
national law dictionaries and war
manuals for the definitions of the
terms armistice, capitlations, and sur
render.
The 'Farmistice' to be prescribed
for Germany, under the strict stipu-
lation of President Wilson that it
shall be so conditioned as to prevent
Germany from renewing the war, will
constitute, therefore, an innovation
in international law. Exactly speak
ing, it will not be an armistice at all
but partial capitalization.
There is a popular misconception
both in the United States and the al
lied countries, that the military COM
manders conclude general armistices.
The power to conclude and ratify an
armistice is the exclusive perogative
of the supreme political authorities
of the country involved. The United
States war manual says:
''Due to it's political Importance, a
general armistice is concluded by the
governments concerned or by their
commander in chief, and are ratified
in all cases. General armistices are
frequently arranged by diplomatic
representatives.
The German war book contains a
statement on armistices which is sig
nifcant at this time. 1t is:
"'The general armistice extends to
the whole seat Of war, to the whole
army, and to allies, it is therefore a
formal cessation of the war"
A capitalization is an agreement for
the surrender of troops or places. A
capitulation may consist merely of an
agreement for the surrender Of "a
district. Of the theater of operations, :"
the United States manual says.
Germany capitulates, then, when
she gives up Belgium and occupied
French territory. There are innum-
cradle publicists who support the au-
thority of the United States manual.
Their definitions Of capitulation es-
tablish the fact that Germany has
offered to capitulate, which, however,
is something short of surrendering.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1918-11-08

ism in financing the just and conclu-
sive victorious peace whenever it
comes.
Not for a moment, however, is the
Treasury acting on any assumption
that peace is to come soon. Until
peace is actually assured the attitude
Of the Treasury and the attitude Of
the whole United States Government
is for the most vigorous prosecution
of the war, and the motto Of force
against Germany without stint or
limit will be acted up to until peace
is an absolute accomplished fact.
One more Liberty loan, at least, is
certain. The fourth loan was popu-
larry called the ''Fighting Loan; the
next loan may be a lighting loan, too,
or it may be a peace loan. Whatever
the conditions, the loan must be pre-
pared for and it's success rendered GER
tain and absolute. Begin now TO pre-
pare to support it.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1918-11-08
Another Liberty Loan Coming.

Secretary of the Treasury McAdoo
has announced that, no matter what
the results Of the pending oVertures
for peace may be, there will be an
other Liberty loan. To use his ex-
preston, eve are going to have to
finance peace for a while just as we
have had TO finance war"
There are over 100000 United
States soldiers abroad. If we tram
port these men back to the United
States at the rate of 100000 month,
it will be over half year before they
are all returned. Our Army, there
fore, must be maintained, Victualed,
and clothed for many months after
peace is. actuallty.
The American people, therefore,
having supported the Liberty loan
with patriotism that future histor-
ians will love to extol, will lave an
opportunity to show the same patriot
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1918-11-08
FRIDAY. NOV. 8, 1913.
Long live the people, long may

Long live the people, long may
they rule,
Out Of consideration, nodoubt.
for those who fought and lost
the usual election night snow
storm was omitted.
The Anvil Chorus, consisting
of Messrs. Roosevelt. Hays, ct
al, and the Chicago Tribune will
receive proper credit for valua-
BILE services rendered the COP.
Several towns in Villas county
are said to be still voting for
Gov. Philip as late as this a. m.
Of course, Teddy will be the
Republican standard bearer IN
1920. Their little differences Of
1903, 1912 and 1916 have been
adjusted on the surface, SO to
speak.
Generally speaking, the cleo
tons are over.
Shrewd politicians will now
start getting ready for 1920 in
keeping with the old adage that
''The early bird catches the
worm,
Ordinary citizens need not put
themselves out to do anything
that will draw attention to the
state. Berger, LaFollette and
Philip will keep Wisconsin suf-
fciently in the public eye.
Dyed in the wool Republicans
sat up and took their medicine
just like Mamma little man. !"
Cremate all pictures Of defunct
candidates. By order Board of
Health.
Nevertheless, we are glad to
live in a country where the peo-
pie rule.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1918-11-08

as sl39 for a 800 4 per cent bond.
That Liberty bonds will go ellaboye
par when peace comes is very proba-
BILE. Holding ones Liberty bonds,
therefore, is wise as well as patriotic
Every holder Of Liberty loan bond
should heed the caution to hold to his
or her bonds, because there are going
to be great efforts by shreWd and I'M
scrupulous people to buy or secure at
inadequate prices these bonds from
holders who are not well informed as
to stock and bond values.
Worthless or near worthless stock
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1918-11-08
Such a [ title While.

How short while it since glad
And danced or laughed together AZ play
Nor did we ever think of Life as sad:
tt seemed so sweet to just yesterday.
Together we had drunk cup OF Fame.
And side by side had loved and worked and played
And Life to us seemed but happy game;
We met our fortunes laughing unaraid
And then-the War; Its meaning well we knew.
flushed were hearts; dared not speak of Life,
Our haunting fears in each swift moment grew
Beneath the darkenng shadow Of the strife.
One day. il silence, DEAR you went away
In silence beaver than brave words. know
You felt that would never have you stay,
However hard it was to have you go.
And now you lie quite still! You laugh more;
Those lips that loved Life WELL are mute today.
And So the lights dimmed; the dance is Ger,
The music hushed < the laughter dies away
BY IRENE CASTLE.
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1918-11-08
Hold Your Liberty Bonds.

The wide distribution among mill
lions of American citizens of Liberty
loan bonds makes our Liberty loans,
according to Secretary of the Treas
ury McAdoos expressed opinion, the
soundest of national financing. That
these bonds be kept widely distributed
amongst the American people is Of
great Importance to the Nation and to
the Individual holders Of the bonds.
United States Government bonds in
the past have gone above par, as high
Eagle River review. [volume] (Eagle River, Wis.) 1890-1927, 1918-11-08

or stock of only speculative value
wildcat stocks, they are called-are
going to be offered for Liberty bonds.
Some will be urged not to sell or ex-
change their Liberty bends, but to
buy the stock and give the Liberty
bonds as security for the purchase
price. This is camoniaged attempt
to get Liberty bonds in exchange for
the stock Of their companies.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-07-27
JAMES CRAIG NICOLL,
NOTED PAINTER, DIES
Founder of American Water
Color Society Was Famous
for His Marines

Though he did not consider himself
pupil of these masters, Mr.. Nicoll stud
led for two years at the studio of NJ +.
II. De Haas, and did fieldwork with De
Haas, Kruseman, Won Elten and others.
He attended no organized school of
painting either in this country or abroad.
His work had. been exhibited all over
the United States and in Paris, where
he took medals. He received medals also
at exhibitions in New Orleans. Boston,
New York and in other exhibitions.
The most noteworthy of his works in
oils are probably Sunlight on the Sea-
'Smugglers Landing Place" Sunset, Bay
OF Fundy," and THE cliffs at Nahant.'
His water colors, "On the St. Law
renee" and SHOWER on the Coast" were
exhibited at the Paris Exposition of
1878. In 1876, "Foggy Morning, Grand
Menan," was shown at the Philadelphia
Exposition. O,her wafer colors are
Moonlight, Cape Ann" Evening After
a Gale" and "Schroon Lake"
Mr.. Nicoll became member of the
National Academy in 1885. lie was for
ten years secretary of the American
Water Color Society, and in 1874 became
member of the Artists Fund Society
an organization of which he was once
the president. He was a life member
of the National Academy of Design, and
| was an officer or member of nearly all
the leading art organizations in New
| York city, including the New York
| Etching club. His studio in New York
CITY was at 81 West Tenth street
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-07-27
PATRIOTIC EXERCISES
HELD IN NICETOWN
Workers in Plants Participate
in Parade Demonstration
Featuring Flag Raising

A community parade and fag-rasing,
in which workers from various NUM-
tions plants participated, was held at
the Nicetown Club for Boys and Girls
Hunting Park avenue and \Clarissa
street. this afternoon
The demonstration % was POSTPONED
from July lS because of storm.
e Representatives of various patriotic,
fraternal and Industrial organizations
and members of the Red Cross marched
in the parade. which preceded the flag
raising. Veterans OF the Civil War,
Sons of Veterans and Boy and Girl
Scouts also participated. Midvale Steel
Company trucks, carrying shells des-
tined to be turned loose against the
Germans. and the Philadelphia Fire
mems Band headed the procession.
After marching through the principal
streets of the section, the paraders par
ticipated in a community sing. led by
Miss Sarah CrannaEe. Harry l.. Gear
superintendent Of the club. presided.
The flag was presented by Leo I.
Heintz, of the Budd Manufacturing
Company lit was ~ by 20 feet, and
was the gift Of the Sauquiot silk mills
Leo ]. Heintz, Jr,, costumed as Uncle
Sam, and Ruth Ballard, daughter OF
Mr.. and Mrs Floyd Ballard, as Miss
Columbia, unfurled the banner. Edward
]. Catteil. city statistician was the
orator The pole on which the flag was
raised is of steel, contributed by all the
industrial concerns of the district,
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-07-27

sUSzYNSKI MICHAEL A., Rrockton. Mass.
WOODLAND LAWRENCE. Toledo. o.
ZIrTo, ANGELO. Stella, Italy.
WOUNDED DEGREE UNDETERMINED
Captain
BUNCH Henry E, Jr.. Clarks Hin. s. C..
SerGrants
ANDERSON. CLIFFORD w. Creston. Ia
BUNZENDAHL WALTER L.. Crcston. Ia.
Privatcs
BEEN. LLOYD NATHANIEL rItchville, O.
BROWN. EIMER H.s Rchmond Cal
DENLEY. JOHN GEORGE Munsing. Mich.
McGRATIt. PATRICK J.. Worcester Mass.
MANNING JOHN j.. South Acton. Mass.
MILLER. FRED. Milwaukee, Wis.
OKUSCZIAN, MESROP. no enc crgency ad-
OLSON. CONRAD A.. Worcester Mass.
REDDY. PAUL r.. Dorchester, Mass.
TAYLOR. CREED RANE, White Gate. Va.
.WILLETT,. ELzEAH IL. Worcester, Mass.
SLIGHTLY WOUNDED
BLUM. WALTER j.. Chicago.
Private
KRIEGER. ANDREW r. 1877 Bedford
street. Troy. n. Y.
MiSSt>H IN "lIuN
Privates
GARDNER, WILLIAM H.. Nyack. n. Y.
SCORE. CHARLES. Seattle. Wash.
PREVIOUSLY REPORTED DIED OF
WOtNDS--N0W OFFICIALLY
REPORTED A. KILLED
IN ACTION
Private
BURNS. RICHARD w. Kilgorc. Tex.
PREVIOUSLY REPORTED MISSING IN
ACTION-NOW OFFICIALLY
REPORTED NS HAVING
RETURNED TO DUTY
Pri,atcs
WETZ. CARL T.. New York. city
PIGG. MCKINLEY. Louisia, Ky.
MARINE LIST
KILLED IN ACTION
Private d.
O'REILLY. WALLACE W. Houston, Tex.
WOUNDED IN ACTION tsevcrcly)
Trumpeter
MUREN. EARL +. st. Louis.
Privates
HsHE,TItER A. HENRY, New, York city.
DEAN; HGWAnb r., Mitchrii' S'E% S, d. "
MrIG,HAiRt. ~ ERNEST O.. ,Cohasset, Mnn.
zHhT. hENH, HAhRR32' isR3 3. hr'S"i cievnand. ~}and
MISSING IN ACTION
Frivates
iiARDOS. MICHAEL. Dunmore Pa.
JOHNSON, GEORGE. JR.. Detroit.
LoL,kMopD. HARRY NJ, Puentc. Cal.
REPORTED IN CABLEGRAM no. 10.
Ju!r 23j
WOUNDED IN ACTION (Scyereiy)
(OrpOraI
MILLS. JOHN r., New York city.
Priyates
AUSTIN. WALTER =. Cincinnati o.
CLARK. CLARENCE W, Parowan, Utah.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-07-27
GERMANS LOSE ALL
GAINED IN LAST DRIVE

London, July 27.--The Germans now
retain virtually nothing of the ground
they conquered in their great attack
of July II along the Marre, says Reu-
tors correspondent at French head
Quarters.
East of Rheims. the correspondent
adds. General Gourauds army, by a
series of brilliant local operations, has
eXpelled the enemy almost every
where from the narrow belt he oc-
Cupied in GCuraud's advanced zone.
Between the OurCu and Chateau
Thierry the Franco-American line now
shows an advance beyond the line of
a week ago Of from six to eight miles
AS a result of the last weeks ac.
tiviticS. the whole situation on the
western front has been transformed.
Last week it appeared certain that
Prince RuppreCht would be called upon
to launch an attack on the British
front. but the enemy put off this at
tack. and the psychological moment
for It probably has passed for the
Germans appear committed to the
great battle in progress. and cannot
afford to stake heavily on a dubious
operation at another part of the front,
according to the view of British .eX-
periS.
The German situation III tie salient
although awkward, is not untenable.
The Cncmy'S difficulties are not greater
than those in which the British army
was placed for many months in the
Ypres salient, before the capture Of
NCSSinCS Ridge. The GprcS salient was
five mics wide and five miles deep and
was dominated by the enemy. The
present German salient is now twenty
miles wide and twenty miles deem and
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-07-27
s[LAlVIE BAND
IN SWARTHMORE
Community War Council
Organizes Body to Help
Win War
FOE TO PRO.CERMANISM
Incorporation With Govern.
ment in Eradicating Enemy
Propaganda Is Chief Aim

Patriotic Swarthmorc, which has about
~ per cent of its voting population now
with the colors." has organized n
vigilance committee to stamp out pro-
Germanism. disloyalty, enemy propa-
gandists and proflteers
The vigilance committee is a part of
the community war council of Swarth-
more, composed of twenty-cight social,
religious and educational bodies
The committee will investigate every
case of disloyalty, pro-Germanism ana
enemy propa ganda and will take such
action as it deems necessary. Some of
the cases II will handle itself: others
will be reported to the United States
Department of Justice" said DR. Will
liam T. Ellis. president of the COM
munity war council. today in explaining
the object of the vigilance committee.
= Captain ]. Kirk McCurdy. in COM
mand of Company II. Pennsylvania
reserve militia, is at the head of the
vigilance committee and the members
are almost exclusively enlisted men OF
his company.
The organization of the community
war council was to coordinate the war
activities of the borough and to eliminate
waste motion and duplication. Eacn
organization in the council will have
representative in the central body.
In addition to the coordination and
espionage work, the council will conduct
q series of union religious and patriotic
meetings on Sunday evenings.
The first will be held tomorrow, on
the campus of the Swarthmore Prcpara-
tory School There will he community
singing under the leadership of Thomas
Downes. Jr. Families of the Swarth
more boys now in the service will he the
guests of honor. The names of all men
who are working for Uncle Sam will be
read, and a message will be drawn up
and sent to them expressing the affection
and esteem in which they are held by
their fellow -citzens.
A. resolution reaffirming Swarthmore's
loyalty and pledging every possible CO.,
operation to the Government in winning
the war will be framed and sent to Pres
ident Wilson.
Buglers will 60 through the village
half hour before the meeting. sounding
the assembly call, and every resident is
expected to turn out Company II. of
the PENNSYLVANIA Reserve Militia, will
attend in uniform. as will also the Boy
Scouts.
The officers of the council are: Presi
dent, William T. Ellis; vice president.
Guy II. Elmore; secretary, E. A. Var
nall treasurer, Charles A. Smith. There
IN an executive committee of twelve
members. Mrs. w. r. Lands is chair
man Of the soldiers service committee,
and all residents OF Swarthmore are
requested to make suggestions to her for
service to the soldiers.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-07-27
GIRL SHOT IN hlIRBACH CASE
Marie Spiridonovo Had Served
in Siberia. as Assassin

Amsterdam, July 27.-Among the So
cial Revoluticnaries shot for the murder
of Count Won Mirbach The German Am
bassador to Russia, was Maria Spirido-
novo, according to Il dispatch from Mos
CO..
Maria Spiridonoyo was released a
i'II" more than a year ago from Hert-
chinsk prison in Siberia, where she was
sent for the murder in 1906 of Chief Of
Police l.uzhenoffsky, of Tambov. She
was sentenced to death, but later the
punishment was commuted to twenty
wears in prison, and she was sent to
Siberia
She was subjected to terrible torture
while in jail, but the two police officers
who Kicked. her about for eleveG hours
and burned her flesh with lighted Gig
aretteS were afterward murdered
When she was released from Siberia in
March last year, with number. of 9TH
ers, she was greeted with military bands
and a reception, and was carried through
the streets on the shoulders of the crowd.
Her father was at one time a Russian
general.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-07-27
RETREAT IN FULL SWAY,
GERMANS ABOUT-FACED

speaker had Judged Alright. we pro-
ceeded unhndcrcd, watching the arr
planes mancuvering in the wide clrcies
high above us
AS I crossed the railroad bridge,
hundred yards further on, an american
sergeant suddenly caught my arm
Took. look" he cried pointing west
ward. THE sausage--he got MN
Big Sausage Is DESTROYED
| followed the direction toward some
French balloons that scared Two miles
away over the heights across ,nc rl,ei.
Suddenly an open parachute appeared as
IL by magic "A hundred feet below ana
floating gently down disappeared IN the
trees, simultaneously. tiny patch or
red-like flame of match glowed on the
forward top balloon. second later II
was as big as a mans hand. Then, as
the gas bag bucklcd in the center. 1t
shot mn. crimson, bright and smokeless.
against the blue sky a second more
and tho balloon had vanished in a pillar
ns oan,. Falling earthward.
u,iyo hundred feet from the ground
the blazes ceased abruptly as u canu,e
a., ~ ,horo yeas no glimpse of
~. ~ r ,.o ss,i,nt or sound of his
.'te pel ''''m ,r, .,t,,i, orrcct was absurdly
"iac'it''e' ,,.rin,,
u',reai , CIV ,,Ns ,.nrds from tho river a
iWo '"'.'' " ,a,, was doing n brisk
/. M. =. -. t no einpcurc was
trade. mat t"o ,t ~" oxnlosions as
clear from the i''S, ,n,,,,,orv and
the Germans hl",n''a hl",,., sra an tho bridge.
mostly shoii-c"''', -, ,bo ro,d two
I IN w N,n rroved that Shey had
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-07-27
DAY IS OUIETER,
BERLIN DECLARES

Berlin, July 2-.-"Thc day has been
OUiCtor on tho BATTLEFRONT" says the
official statement issued by general
headquarters last evening.
The War niticc communication issued
yesterday follows:
South Of Albert we drove back
iiTitish partial attack and captured
prisoners in a Counter-thrust. There
have been successful advances by our
rcConnpitrring dctachments on many
parts of the front
Between the Aisne and the Marne
violent partial attacks launched by the
enemy were rcpulsed partly before the
Alli,s were in our fighting zone
ON both sides of the OurCq the
fighting continued until evening In
this region we threw the enemy out
of his iirSt-lnc positions north of
OulChy lC Chateau. and east of the
OertS co and south of the. Ourcq we
beat off the enemy'S attacks by COun-
tcr-attaCkS.
West Of, NinCcllcs sur Marine the
enemy, after violent fighting. also was
driven from our lines in the For6t de
Ris.
Southwest of Rheims we cleared
the wooded district west of Nrigny.
drying back a violent Counter-attack
by white and coiored French troops.
In champagne the enemy attacked
early in the morning between the
Valley of the Suppes and sSouain.
He was rcpulscd by counter-attacks.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-07-27
FOCH MAY PLAN BIC
ANNIVERSARY BLOW


Developments behind the lull i'm fight
ing which yesterday, With slight CECen-
tons. settled over the operations of the
Allied armies in the Aisne- Marine salient
of the western front held the attention
today of officials here. Speculation was
made as to whether the cessation of the
intensive hgmmering at the jaws of the
trap set for the Germans by General
FoCh might mean that the Allied com
mander was bringing up fresh troops
with n view to celebrating tho fourth
anniversary of the beginning of the war
by a great victory.
To other observers the apparent calm
meant that the Allied staff had decided
to await the arrival of additional Amer
iCan forces and resources before EN-
barking on general offensive operations.
At the present stage Of the great bat
tie period Of calm is considered of far
greater benefit TO Allied arms than to
the enemy. Rest for the wearied Allied
troops must be provided as human
endurance has its limits. Artillery ac-
tion reported in the French official state
ment of last night. was counted upon to
prevent the enemy from using tile lull
to strengthen his positions or rest his
forces. Possibilities of the enemy maxi
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1918-07-27
BRITISH STRIKERS
WILL NOT RETURN
Ignore Premier's Threat
and Insist Upon Removal
of Labor Embargo
RESOLUTION IS ADOPTED
London, July > :

London. July -.
Striking munitiOn workers at mass
meeting in Coventry today adopted
resolutions that they would not return
TO work until the embargo on skilled
labor was removed
The announcement last night of Pre-
mer Lloyd George, that all workmen
day. will he deemed 10 have voluntarily
placed themselves outside the munitions
industry and that they will become Ii
able to military service, was issued too
last night Consequently il was not
generally known in the strike areas.
It was. however, communicated to the
strike leaders at some centers by news
papermen, to whom the leaders declared
they were confident that the strikers
would not be inundated or driven to
resume work by the Governments threat.
The leaders added that such a pnssi-
hiEty had been considered fully before
hand
No reports reached London last night
of an extension of the strike, ana the
great bulK or the NOl htiS sun i'iIi''lII
unaffected. Such important centerS as
London, Manchester, Leeds. Nottingham
and Huddersfield, for instance, remain
cool.
Morning newspapers here comment on
the Governments announcement mostly
with approval, although they recognize
the decision is a grave one, and CON
tend that it will be generally endorsed
by the country.
The Daily News. which regards the
Government's decision as the graVest
taken in the history of British indus
trial disputes, says the responsibility for
the results must rest entirely on the
Government.
The Morning Post also criticizes the
Government for acting unwisely in the
dispute, and declines to comment on the
Governments announcement,
THE strike is bald defiance of the
Government" declared the Times. The
ultimatum will have support of a large
majority of the people"
The Telegraph suggested that the mu
nitions workers stomach their grleN
ances. IF the men in The trenChe:
struck whenever they had grievance
! what would happen to usZ" this news
paper demanded.