davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1918-10-20
Herman Whitaker emergency steering deadnoug

what the world owns, passes through a
triangle, the base of which extends from
Canada to Cape Horn and has its apex
in a bottle neck one hundred miles wide
between ireland and Cape Ushant.
Through that neck ten thousand ships
pass In and out each week.
1t was this fact which caused the Ger
mans to establish submarine bases at
Ostend and Ze,brugge. The U-boats could
be brought through the Bruges Canal from
Germany and 80 shoot through the bottle
neck into the thick Of allied shipping.
1t was this fact that underlay the British
strategy in their successful attempt to
thrust a cork into the neck of the bottle.
Not for nothing did nearly six hundred
British sailors give their lives. Not only
did their sacrifice set the German U-boat
the Germans to use their old outlets into
the North Sea, but it freed for active ser
vice against the submarines half hun
dred destroyers Of the Dover patrol, which
for three years had stood to prevent the
"6p and run" raids Of German destroyers.
A good many people, perhaps most
people, have held an erroneous belief that
because our fleets were operating south
Of England and ireland, far from the
North Sea, the waters in which they were
operating were comparatively safe. But
this Is exactly contrary to the truth. E.
U.Bosts' Real Hunting Ground.
Before our destroyers and the Tin
Fleet were turned into it to help the
British out the bottle neck was the U-boat's
happy hunting ground; the real danger
zone. Through it come three main lines
Of transports and supply ships, escorted
by the Tin Fleet in safety to their docks
in French ports. In addition, the bakers
dozen of them, assisted by brace of
obsolete destroyers, have escorted large
conveys up and down the French coast,
and the quality and quantity of their
work may be gauged by the fact that the
U-boats have bagged only two out of
nearly thirty thousand.
A comparison will make this clear.
When the Japanese threw their armies
into Manchuria, their lines of eommunica-
ton were the longest on record. Their
total force in the field, however, never
exceeded four hundred thousand. The
British lines in the South African war
were still longer, but their army num-
bered little more than half that of the
Japs and they enjoyed the advantage Of
a local base. But with armies already
Eve times as large as the Japs and which
The sun., 1918-10-20

may be ten times as large, our lines Of
communication are longer than those Of
the British.
From California to France, over seven
thousand miles, our extreme line extends.
Not a man, nor horse, nor a gun, nor a
pound of supplies moves less than four
thousand miles in transit to the front, and
whereas the japanese and British lines
were unmenaced by their foes, ours are
constantly exposed to U-boat attacks.
Here it is that the Tin Fleet takes hold
Working in conjunction with our destroyer
flotilla in English waters it grabs trans
ports and supply ships on the outer edge
of the submarine zone and conveys them
safely into port, interposing its own
papier mache bulwarks between them and
attack.
Escorts the Empty Ones, Too.
Also, and this is equally important, for
q ships bottom is as valuable empty as
full, it escorts them back to the ocean
door, sees them, as it were, across the yard
and past the dog. In fact the Tin Fleet
forms our first battle line; the real Amer
lean front on which Americans were kill
ing Bocbes and being killed before the
first soldier left our shores-a fact which
was not as clearly established in my mind
as it ought to have been when / called
on its Admiral last month.
His eyes flashed under straight gray
brows when I spoke Of an approaching
visit to the American 'front.'"
"You are there now" be said, with quiet
that emphasized the fact. "Take cruise
with US and you'll soon find out"
l did. An hour later saw me walking
with one Of his Captains down to the
boat wharf.
The port at which the fleet bases is said
TO have been founded by the PhGnicians.
This is quite believable, for it is easy to
see that its narrow streets follow the
meanderings of the first world mariners
over the hills on Sunday jaunts with early
Breton maids, and as sailor nature never
changes, our lads now follow in their
footsteps with feminine descendants. The
grim chateau which locks in its stone en-
brace an inner boat harbor is credited, on
the other hand, to julius Caesar, who
sailed his galleys therefrom to the con-
quest of Britain.
II took these stubborn English three
hundred years to east off the yoke he
placed on their neeks, but they did it at
last. Now, some fifteen hundred years
later, was ferricd out of its stone por-
tails by their iineal descendants, again at
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
SIXTY MEMBERS :.
TO Be INITIATED
Local Knights Of Columbus
Preparing Elaborate Ger
enony for Feb. II. ~ !

On Ahe evening Of February fiat
q o'clock, candidates for membership
and members of the knights of Col
umbus andstheir families will meet in
the local knights Of Columbus hall.
The program for the evening is purely
Eof a social nature, with dancing and
cards as the main features Of the en-
tertainment. ,i 5
The initiation, Of candidates will a,e
held the following morning, February
IL, the program being AS follows:
S:3V-Meeting of candidates and
members at the <. of g. hall; q, high
mass at St. Michaers pr~o-cathedral;
TO- first degree at knights of Column
'grees at the Knights of Columbus
hall: Z, banquet at st. >Mary's audi
torium.s 1
Approximately sixty candidates are
to be given degrees. Members from,
Fargo, Minot, Devils Lake, Bismarck,
EWilllistons and Crookston councils will
be in attendance, many Of whom have
sent word that they will be on hand
for the two days work,
u In charge of the ceremonies is the
following committee:
John E. Nuss, chairman; M. j.
Monley, grand knight; Jos. Mahowald
j. V. Hogan, Henry O'Keefe, Jr., yG..F.
Thacker and w. ". sQConnor.
Arrangements have been made by
the Catholic women of the city fol
knights of Columbus.
The banquet will he featured by a
children's program and singing and
music, after which brief informal
addresses will be given by various
members. no 4CaFHt r45 fls~HE' - l-.IHh
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
SURVIVORS GIVEN
EVERY CARE.

Washington, Feb. Duplication.
carly today were that 1853 American,
army officers and soldiers have ne!
yet been accounted for in the sirkirs
OF the Tuscanta. British admiralty
dispatches account for 2,111 AHlerj-
can officers and men as . SURVIVORS
War department records show 4: .l79
aboard.
The war department issued the fol.
lowing statement:
British authorities have wired in
structions to their commands in Scot.
land and Ireland to afford our troops
from Tuscania every possible assist
ance. and to furnish them with cloth.
ing requirements. Officers have been
dispatched from liverpool and Glas-
Cow and London to points in Ireland
where survivors row are and they
will wire names i~mmediately. Amer
lean consul at Belfast reports sis
hundred survivors at Larne. AS. soor
as they are properly QUILTED theY
will be brought to Winchester
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
TEN LOCAL MEN
ARE CLASSIFIED


Ten East Grand Forks registranta
under the ~selectiye service laws hay.
been classified by the county exam
ination board at Crookston.
Seven local men have flled claims
Tor deferred classification or agris,
cultural If induEtrial grounds and
these claims have been forwarded by
the county board to the district board
at Duluth. Il
Six Of the mon classified wee
placed in class one and four of chem
in class four.
4 Glass one men are Jacob Pet, Lew
si.s II. Helseth. Joe Kluzak, Joseph
G%enereau, John A. Nelson. John
Wurzhacker.
Glass four lei are Louis Brantle,
Adolph w. Stien. knute Sorerson,
Walter Byinton.
Local registrants who have filed
claims for deferred classification arc
William Grundahl, John James
Wurzbacker, Walter Wells, Byinton,
Robert A. Lee, Louis Brantle. Arthur
r. Anderson, Asiak Astakson.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
TO KNIT
ON HEATLESS MONDAY
Ole Nordlund Was Discovered TIL
Noon. Knitting-or Something,

Employees Of Bydal & Bydal 81
this city are pow required. to spend
the heatless Mondays knitting for the
soldiers or doing other Red Cross
work. 81
There was some discussion on the
part Of local business men as to
whether they should pay their, EN-
ployees on the heatless Monday.
when they are required to close shop.
and this action has been. taken as an
alternative. Business men OF this
city do not seem to desire to dock
their employees a full or half days
pay on heatless Monday and it NAV
be that this idea will prove a good
solution Of the problem.
Everybody is doing it even Ole
N%ordlund, the one lone male en-
ployee of Bydal & Bydal was seen
perched on a counter this noon. en-
gagged in a struggle with two knitting
needles and a ball or string in ar
earnest endeavor to master the art>o1
knitting. He was knitting or some
thing. mostly "or something" any
how his friends wish him luck.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
marine and the general belief here
is that this is what ehappened off the
Irish coast. '
MANY WISCONSIN,
MEN ON SHIP.

Madison, Wis, Feb. Tho 10th
engineer train was made up Of trans
fers from engineers and from imam
try; men who had sufficient training
to be valuable as engineers. This train
was a mixture OF Wisconsin and Mich
igan troops and all told numbered
about seventy men.
The Fourth and Sixth Wisconsin
infantry Of the 107th military police
was made up as follows: .
zone company Of the Fourth Wis
iconsin was recruited from stoughton
and other companies Of the Sixth
Wisconsin were recruited In Wash
burn. The stoughton company con.
tanned a platoon from Edgerton.
The Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Wis
consin infantry in the 10th supply
train were recruited in Chippewa
Falls, Kenosha. Wautomba, New Lon
don, Rice Lake and Marshield.
Apparently included as passenger.
on this boat was the 10th Field Sig
nal battalion of the 32nd division,
said Colonel salzman. 1.-THE Wiscon.
sin men in this section were mainly
recruited in Milwaukee and the others
in Michieantb 514 t IT
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
FALSE EYE.

To make the artificial eye practical
ly indistinguishable ls the aim of a
lnenting with a ball made of cartilag e
as a substitute, for a metal or glass
one. A sphere Of such CONSTRUCTION
when put in place establishes con-
nections with blood vessels and the
surrounding tissues. When thus .lxe..
in the cavity it is supposed to. be cap-
able of: movement corresponding to
that of a normal eye and, further
more, fills the space so that there
is no depression as is Invariably the
case when "a she'll is used.4PoEular
Mechanics Monthly.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
T
RENfINIENT.

The Goth Engineers .GForesters) is
the largest regiment in the world, al
though only n battalion was on the
Tuscania. The aggregate strength of
the regiment is 1900 officers and
men. Some Of the units are still in
training in a camp near here, Col. w.
A. Mitchell OF the regular army. COM
mands the regiment and Henry S.
Graves. chief forester Of the United
States department Of agriculture is
lieutenant colonel. Neither, however,
was with the battalion on the Tus-
cania.
The work Of the Twentieth regi-
ment,. which IA raised with the ac-
tive cooperation Of the American
in the EFrench forests for military
uses at the fighting front: for hos
pitfalls, Y. NJ. G.. A. headquarters and
other purposes.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
JURY FINDS
A. FERESTAD GUILTY
Local Men Charged With Keepins
Intoxicating liquor for Sale
Jury Adjourned.

Andrew Ferestad of East Grand
Forks has been found guilty by the
petit jury at Crookston on the charge
The jury a out but a short time
yesterday in deciding the cas
The petit jury has adjourned until
February 10 when it will reconvenc
to resume the other cases on tho
criminal calendar. The jury was
compelled to adjourn yesterday boz
cause cases set for this week hav,
been settled put of court and no 9TH
er cases were ready for the jurymen.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07

Opal Davis, a 7~-year-old Indiana
Kirl, was visiting relatives in a nearby
>town when storms made the roads i'm
passable. for the home trip and no one
could be found to drive he through
the drifts. But Opal, who had. to go
home. had a resourceful aunt. The
gho was Weighed, stuck with IS cents
worth of stamps, addressed and sent,
along with other mail. with Gilbert
Hall. the rural carrier, Opal was de-
liyeieds o.. X. $751;
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
Farm Women Organize
For Red Cross Work

A group of fifteen ladies residing
north of East Grand Forks organized
recently for Red Cross work at the
home Of Mrs. NJ. o. johnson.
Mrs. NJ. o. johnson was elected
president OF, the organization and Mrs.
Robinson. secretary. The
ladies plan to meet one day"each week
for the purpose of doing Red Cross
work.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
THIS IS LIGH1LEss NIGHT,

----rs --.,--. ~
Dry Cordwood FOraeale, In carload
lots. ]. Nelson Kelly.-Ady, Gf
.---s
simon IN TOW1f-Edward Simon 81
hompso spent yesterday and todas
IN this City on business. az
- sG
lllllun Dancc-l5o couples Will
1tte!lo !ne.,pis mi dance ct
narlllore Saturday night, February
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
ARMY DEATH RATE IS Low.

Figures complied at the Office of
With more ohan 10000 soldiers in
training in this country, from Septem-
Der 81 to Dscember$14 there were
only 1891 deaths from all causes. an
average rate o sless thanS2 per. thou
sand. But Of curse this is not con
accommodations or oVercrowding at
cantonments.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
ccHEEIsF'UL BUNCH or j SNAKES.
Nebraska State Journal.

Nebraska State Journal.
The NewS.Y ork World tells Of the
starting idf a merry party of so Ger
MANI spiestand enemy agents who Yert
Ellis island TO be internsd at Fort
Germans passed the Statue of Liberty,
they tang gssssDeutschland Uber Allies
and .Wacht Am Rhein', with gusto,
thereby relieving their feelinsN ana
doing no harm to the robust figure.
which typifies the freedom under
which such things arespossible."
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
BLOCKED ILL 4

Railroad men say the freight con-
gestion on eastern railroads probably
cannot be cleared up before the lat
ter part of March Bad weather this,
week has provided the eliminating
misfortune. The roads will refuse to
accept shipments whenever local con-
dttions make this course advisable.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
IcuRlNGs HH.YsYEnIcAL DEAFNEsa.

y CftlNN AHSIEISlCA DEAEN ESSS.
Surgeons have recently identified
historical deafness in soldiers as deaf
ness not accompanied by muteness.
They are curing 1t by an operation.
to excite him. then two small cuts
are made behind his ear. Ashamnler
is then banged on4a sheet OF irop,
and, ff the operation is SUCCESSFUL.
that patient jumps OFF the table with
his hearing completely restored. Be-
fore the operation is made the pr
tient is encouraged to feel that b,.
VIII be cured.-Popular. sciek,c..
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
KANSAS ORPHANS N ARMY.

T~wenty-seven former residents Of
the state orphans home at Atchison
and there are t~wenty-seven stars il
the home service flag. G
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
sAN EAsx; ONE FOR SHERLOCK.

"a human hand recently found on
OF New Orleans side streets
promised a most gruesome murder
mystery, until It was proved to be q
picked hand" lost by the students OF
d medical school.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
~LIVlNGsupTo .1s PEaiR3dEsE.

Skywardhleapsssln the 5coGt sof neSea-
stiles since 1Sla are shown 81 ~ D
lowing statistics compiled by tfyX3sti-
Egatsors9 for the federal department >
itabor 4; %S Asa Sas
Good IN Il. ..:.S. 4. !. ... IS .ssssl30 percent
Clothing ..:S. rs. I. . q. y. FOO percent
Fuel and light. 4, 40 Sgs. per cent
fRent ..: - 4 Il. Z. By. ..ss. s..a.s per cent
Miacellaneous 40EEper cent
To live Sas comfortably now I'LL In
1914, working people are obliged to
spend. 9 bare necessitiesaalones Ssh
perscent q than: was neeled before
the war; $#S
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07

The entertainment commlttse VT!
report on the great Red Cross Bene
1T Dance at. the Auditorium. and
Chairman Finley says he has some:
thing fine in the way OF specialti:s
ana 'stunts" for the entertainment OF
members. .9i.
You know what a fine time we had
at the last meetins---this one win pc
still better. 4S ID
Third quarter dues payments are
now due-25 cents. Pay up and keen
the patriotic ball rolling.
Great things are being planned fcr
the near future-con1e gu and hear
about thenl. :
Be sure and have. your card Witt
o for presentationsat the aonr---is
saves confusion. S H
President.
i II Zirkclbach. Secretary.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
EAST SIDE BRIEFS

Claude Davidson Of this cit; has left
for, Brainerd, Mimi. it is reported. to
be operated upon for appendicitis.
DR.. ". G. Courtney left this moo
for Minneapolis where he will attend
a meeting Of the State Dentists asso-
citation.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07

Sunday a Oun
at 5 o'clock in the
City Hall.
All members are
urged to he present III
there will>, be some
thing Of, ei interest," for
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
ATTENTION, 1. L. L.!
REGULAR Meeting Next sunday After.
noon at City Hall, 3 p. M.-Flnc
Entertainment Planned.

The next regular meeting Of I.n-
boris Loyal Legion will be held ncxs
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-02-07
SENT HER ny MALL.

j. U. Zirkelbach, Secretary.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-12-10
HOUSING PROGRAM.

HE HOUSING program in Bridgeport not strictly speak ing, It began before the war and some had been built The movement proceeded from Bridge manufacturers who wanted and cheaper rents They organized company and this company enlisted the financial aid of the government assuming certain financial risks involved The manufacturers of the mnd for they have just delegation Washington to ask that the ects be finished.
 The doubtless will grant the request It would wasteu in the extreme to abandon partly completed omes literally casting of public money into the waste basket
 That these homes will be vacant scarcely enable Bridgeport rapidly is destined to become larger city Should there be panic with large industrial 5toppage some vacancies might They would be tenn oorary.
 Situations have to be faced. The housing situation in Bridgeport between the builders and the manufacturers condition The builders most naturally desire to do the Building The manufacturers naturally seek to make living conditions easier for their workers The manufacturers being he mpoan group always the power behind the throne
 government of Bridgeport and of most other New Eng and cities, will usually get what they want.
 When the government at Washington joined with the clearly cooperation by which the service of local builders night bo enlisted No acceptable plan presented
 may be that something in the nature of general coopera- on be arrived a Pretty generally housing programs becoming the charge of large organizations of governments The Lloyd George government has elaborate housing and and scheme part it's program The French program made necessary by the destruction of battle is necessarily public
 Mayor Wilson part of the Washington committee informed he that business interests of Bridgeport ready 70 take both housing plans This makes condition in which the smaller builder virtually helpless Private organi .aions large well financed efficient to cessful competition No others compete
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-12-10
A All You Need Is a z and a 5 @
TEACHING MEDIEVAL HISTORY

WY ITHOUT for moment considering the quality of the w teaching furnished by Miss Sutherland of which oain made by Miss Larmour be helpful to say that he teachings of religious history to classes in public schools the highest degree useless and unnecessary It is difficult know just what happened Bridgeport matter close to contemporary view the Warrenite contracts
 Suppose that 400 years from this time delver in misty records should attempt to relate the nature of those transactions He would find views each strongly supported and might adopt another without much qualification the habit of the mind, which is so well constituted for partsanship
 Whatever of history relates to the disputes between creeds who teaches medieval history will surely wrong, in doubt, at or more points
 To rehearse the principles of early religious differences mixed classes of girls and boys strongly grounded 'eap strife.
 The religious history left to private reading and such seek quacaaons experts the happier shall Ill be- Religious teaching in all its branches is the charge 5ecaran schools It is not good branch for public
 The world could profaby forget the history middle ages religious and secular if would devote equivalent amount of attention to modern progress and the art of living friendship and undistlrbed amity
 Somewhere under the stars there may something more rofitess than quarrel about what happened in the Middle Ages; that something is not yet manifested.
 Teach contemporary history especially that portion of which shows how much better people differing crees get along together than they used to- Far nobe in contemplation the spectacle of all the American boys fighting for deby de than the most vivid picture of those times centuries one when the ancestors of these boys might have been fight !ng each other.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-12-10
SEN, HITCHCOCK CHANGED MIND
 ON NEUTRALITY

Washington, Dec. 10 - Senator Hitchcock of Nebraska, chairman of the foreign relations committee, ad- dressed the Senate today in regard to the mention Of his name among advo- cates of a munitions embargo in doc uments produced before the Senate judiciary committees German propo- ganda inquiry. He said he had no disposition to e ticize the placing of all German documents in the record, but that it was evident the Germans had used the names of maAy public men recklessly if not falsely, the eli max of absurdity being reached when they recorded Prof. Albert Bush nell Hart, of Harvard, as willing to cooperate with them.
 In 1914, Senator Hitchcock said, he proposed a munitions embargo bill, as measure for strict American neu- trality. Later, he declared, German propaganda and criminal acts in this country and atrocities abroad caused him to change his attitude.
 Like other Americans" said the Senator, '"I have passed from one phase of the situation to another peaceful neutrality, armed neutrality, war. I supported in the days of our neutrality the embargo idea-and as l an American I declined to associate myself with those who became parti- sans of Germany"