davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28
THE MODERN HUN IN THE WORLD or ART

anything, higher than before the
war. Let US not forget, either, that
at the Panama-Pacific Exposition in
San Francisco, in the summer of
1915, France made fine contribu-
ton to the art collection, necessarily
smaller than it would have been in
times of peace, but still on a gen
erous scale and characteristically
creditable. There has been great
quantity of brilliant work done by
French artists at the front, paint
ings and drawings by Flameng, Sa-
batter, Hoffbauer, Jonas and many
others, invaluable as records and
sometimes of much artistic charm,
for which the world will long be
grateful. But chiefly the thing which
we shall longest remember is that
which l can only describe as the
ground swell, the national spirit un-
derlying these individual perform
ances, the French passion for beau
ty, defying the Hun forever.
What is to be the upshot of it all?
How will the genius of art emerge
from the war, not only in France,
but everywhere in the world where
art is honoredc All the countries
are involved, and though France and
Belgium, for obvious reasons, have
chiefly concerned US in this inquiry
there are matters of interest to be
noted elsewhere. Italy has suffered
much, especially in Venice. Eng
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28

had never been exposed to measles.
Under conditions of camp life large
numbers Of cases of that disease of
childhood, properly speaking, arose; ;
and, following the measles, form
of pneumonia, known to succeed it at
times in children, became unusually
frequent and severe. This pneu-
monia is caused by other bacteria
"a streptococcus, indeed-than
those causing the usual pneumonia
Of civilian and military life. This
particular medical military problem
is now being studied from every
point of view known to sanitary
science, and it is fair assumption
that the near future will see it
solved in greater or less measure"
AS is generally known, the war
has produced new diseases of it's
own. The most familiar of these,
"shell Shock" is not strictly medi-
cal problem. But DR.. Flexner has
investigated another, the so-called
trench fever" which has been the
subject of much scientific study, and
which is now on the point of being
mastered as a result of the work of
an American army officer, Major
Richard P. Strong.
"ln the East as in the West" says
DR.. Flexner, "a very battling and
highly prevalent disease has arisen,
to which for the sake Of convenience
tie name of trench fever has been
applied. The disease possesses, how
ever, series of synonymes according
to the locality of it's occurrence. 1t
is known to prevail in Flanders and
France and from the Vosges to the
sea, on the Italian and Austrian
fronts, at Salonica, and to a small
extent in Mesopotamia, but not ap-
parently in Egypt, Syria or East
Africa. This particular fever rarely
kills, but it is the most prolific source
of disability with which the armies
have had to contend. Moreover, the
disability it causes, while usually
measured by a few weeks, may eX-
tend into manV months and not in
frequently it's victims are perma-
nently disabled and unable to return
to the ranks. AS a side effect it pro-
duces cases of irritable heart, in turn
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28

What is to be the effect of the war
schools. The question is. frankly.
unanswerable. There is no evidence
on the horizon. No one knows what
the artists are going to do when
they get back from the fight. But
any one may guess, and | have, for
my own part, no expectations what
ever of revolutionary movements.
least of all contemplating the likeli-
hood of that kind of independent
activity which is illustrated by the
cubist and his fellow faddists. l
think the artist will be very weary,
in mood for rest and the old sane
titles Of home. He will turn to the
time-tried masters as he will turn
to the people he loves, his family
and his friends. The classics will
steady his harassed mind and spirit
as the quietude of familiar, cherished
scenes will soothe his tangled nerves.
That, after all, seems to me a rea-
sonable hypothesis. For if there is
one thing that the bestiality of the
Hun does it is to throw US back
upon the ancient inviolable law, to
make us cling with renewed faith to
all that is honest and of good re-
port. No matter how much the war
may stir the imaginations of artists
and there, l believe, we NAV
look for remarkable developments
1t ought to strengthen rather than
weaken their hold upon the funda-
mental standards which are the life
blood of art.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28
Continued from Page Sin)

gracious of all the European art pc
riodicals, was compelled by force of
practical conditions to suspend pub
lication for a time, but it has been
revived, and now appears in thick
quarterly numbers, alert and lumi-
nous as ever. Some time after the
war broke out l wrote to M. Doucet
about the half dozen societies to
which he has been in some sort a
Medici, the society for the reproduce
tion of old drawings, the society for
the promotion of the engraver's
cult, and so on. Would the rest of
the st. Aubin catalogues be brought
out? Would the Pisanello facsim-
lies be completed? Of course they
would. But the STATS had all gone
to the war. When they returned,
triumphant, the various publications
would be resumed. No discourage
ment, meanwhile.
Paris is never discouraged In this
new Salon there is picture by Gull
laume, "The Hour of the Taubes." A
group of idlers, child with his hoop
in the foreground, is looking on as at
a show. 1t is the spirit of Paris in
carnate. The art sales continue
even while shells are dropping in
the city, and as the dispersal of the
Degas collection clearly showed
onlv a few weeks ago. prices are. if
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28

the blood, with which it is carried to
the membranes about the brain and
spinal cord, which are the sites of
location or election for it's growth
inside the body. But not every per-
son who carries the meningococcus in
his nose and throat is in danger of
acquiring meningitis. Indeed, con-
siderably more persons carry that
germ than develop the disease. These
contaminated persons are called
healthy carriers of the meningococ-
Gus, and they are source of poten-
tial danger, since they convey the
germ by coughing, sneezing, ETC., to
other healthy persons who are less
resistant to infection and hence may
develop the disease. At the present
time bacteriology is competent to
discover the dangerous healthy car
riers OF the meningococcus, and when
they are present within the military
organizations they are thus detected
and segregated until they become
clear. This process requires from
ten days to several weeks, but it can
be hastened by appropriate treat
ment.
I'm this manner meningitis may
be brought under control. Here
again, should conditions warrant it,
protection can, it appears, be con-
ftrred by vaccination. Moreover, we
now possess an efficient and specific
method of treating epidemic menin-
gifts by means of a curative serum.
Hence we feel forearmed to high
degree with reference to this disease,
which in earlier wars in the char
acter of spotted fever was regarded
as one of the most fearful of pesti-
lences."
One of the peculiar medical prob
lens of war time was particularly
related to American conditions. This,
a severe form Of pneumonia, has
been the result of so trivial disease
as the measles.
"Unusual conditions surrounding
Americas entrance into the war;"
DR.. Flexner explains, "necessitating
the rapid assembling of recruits in
large numbers from all parts of the
country, led TO certain unforeseen
problems Of disease. 1t happened
that in rural districts many adults
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28
New Serums, Antitoxins and Surgery
Methods Will Remain as Perma-
nent Gain in Years of Peace
An Interview
Dr. Simon Flexner, Lieut.. Col U. S. Medical Corn.
An Interview With

Director OF Ldboato7es Of The Rockefeler Ist;tte f
Medical Research ~
Copyright 1918 xew York rr,,un
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28

delightful "Annual. Even as ]
write there comes to my desk a
luxurious folio by DR.. William
son, published by the John Lane
Company. 1t is "The Life and
Works of Ozias Humphry," the
sumptuous kind of volume which
one would have supposed the war
had postponed Indefinitely. And an
English publishing house, that of
the Macmillans, is collaborating
with Hachette, in France, over the
making of q new series of European
guide books, to take the place, once
and for all, of the hitherto ubiqui-
tous Baedeker. What a cheering
bit of news that is. Baedeker has
been serviceable, to be sure, but the
very name is hateful now, when one
reflects that the Germans who made
those books, and prepared the maps
for them, may easily have takes.
part in the work Of espionage which
the Hun has never developed more
skilfully than while enjoying the
hospitality of foreign lands.
The new Anglo-French guides
may be set down as one tangible
blessing which is to be vouchsafed
students of art after the war. But
it is the intangible fruitage of the
future that interests most inquirers.
upon art, they ask, and wonder if
it will not include the liberation of
new ideas, new principles, new
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28

lSLS Ill Cllc LdSs ana SUlll iuTkS III tiic
backward parts Of the West, in the
balkans, as mentioned, in parts ol
Russia, in Mexico, etc. Germany and
Austria are being again invaded by
typhus, which was brought in by
Russian prisoners Of war, and from
there it has spread to the civilian
populations. A number Of eminent
physicians in Germany and Austria
have fallen victims to the fever. The
eradication of the disease will be-
come an important after the war
problem with the Central Empires.
Thus far typhus has not become a
menace to the armies or the peoples
on the Western fronts"
One of the curious medical para
doxes of the war, DR.. Flexner points
out, is the fact that surgeons were
at first hampered in their treatment
of wounds because they knew too
much. The operating room methods
Of recent years, before the war, had
virtually dispensed with the lore of
antiseptic surgery, because aseptic
surgery, or the prevention of infec-
ton before it appeared, had wholly
supplanted it. Thus the surgeons,
face to face in France with condi-
tions which made infection inevita-
BILE, were for time at loss.
"Modern surgery" DR.. Flexner
explains, "has been developed since
our Civil War. The constantly in
creasing knowledge and skill ac-
quired by surgeons had enabled them
within the past quarter of century
practically to abolish wound infec-
ton. Hence first so-called antiseptic,
then aseptic surgery arose. The first
dealt with wounds already infected
and strove to render them clean or
sterile, the latter resulted from re-
fined operative technique which ex-
cluded infection. Latterly infected
wounds became rare in the best hos
pitfalls, and the mass Of our surgeons
of the present had had little expert
ence in the treatment of surgical in
fection.
"Trench warfare was to change
the whole outlook of war surgery.
Had it been possible to succor the
wounded Immediately after injury,
the terrible ravages of infection
which have cost SO many precious
lives and have been the cause of so
many thousands of permanent Grip
pies would have been controlled.
Moreover, had not SO much of the
actual fighting been carried out in, if
not actually under, the ground in a
country for centuries in a high state
of cultivation, the almost perfect
conditions favoring wound infection
would not have existed. The element
of delay, amounting to hours and
days at times before the wounded
could be rescued and brought to hos
pitfalls, added to trench warfare,
yielded unimagined numbers and
kinds of infected wounds"
Still another of the wars para
doxes is the fact that certain class
of diseases fo0rished in France pre-
cisely because the country was so
civilized.
"Soil highly tertilized with animal
excrement," Dr.. Flexner explains,
contains the spores or seeds of the
tetanus or lockjaw bacilli, of the ba-
cillus Of gaseous gangrene and of
other bacilli, which, entering lacer-
ated wounds, cause death and disor-
ganization Of the tissues; and be-
sides these particular bacilli there
are omnipresent the germs of sup
puration. Thus it happened at the
beginning of the war that tetanus or
lockjaw was distressingly prevalent.
The mortality, too, of the cases was
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28
a disabling affection.

disabling affection.
Under the circumstances it is
obvious that the solution of the rid
die as to it's nature and mode of
propagation became of immediate
military Importance. The best scien-
tific medical talent of the European
belligerents devoted themselves to
the task; but the solution was denied
ito be yielded just the other day
to a medical commission headed by
Major Richard P. Strong, of the
United States army! The half dozen
medical officers-with the exception
OF one Englishman, all Americans
who solved the riddle deserve, with
the sixty-eight volunteers from our
ranks, the credit of this great and
highly important discovery. Trench
fever is now to be regarded as an
infectious and communicable disease
o. verminous origin, since it is
propagated by the body louise. Thus
to all the other reasons for carrying
out a vigorous anti-louse campaign
among the troops is added the su-
premely important one of reducing
or abolishing trench fever. The army
which accomplishes that task first
will have won large potential mill
tary victory over it's adversary.
Typhus Routed
By Hygiene
"The discovery of the verminous
transmission Of trench fever recalls
the ravages of typhus in Serbia and
Rumania after the Austro- German
invasion. The underfed, unhoused
and neglected crowds that swarmed
out of the occupied regions fell ready
victims to typhus, which prevails cpl
demically in the Balkans. Serbian
and Austrian prisoners alike were
stricken and died by thousands. The
plague was arrested by improving
hygienic conditions and by reducing
louise infestation.
"Typhus fever disappears before a
hygienic manner of living. Hence
the advanced Western nations have
become free of it. It's last strong
holds, as considering its nature is
now obvious, were the prison and the
poorhouse. But the disease still ex-
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28

sSocMtfon (rhe NeW York; Tribune,
c'vlAlan communities, it is all but un-
known in our military establish
ments.
The Russo-Japanese War. it had
been supposed, was the high-water
mark of sanitary wars. There seems
good reason to believe, as matter
OF fact, that the Japanese at least
gave their troops the benefit of mod
ern methods in sanitation. But the
data available on which to base an
estimate of the actual success with
which the Japanese suppressed the
medical diseases within their fighting
forces are not great.
The present war, of course, can
not be compared with any previous
war, because of the disproportion be-
tween the numbers engaged and the
manner in which the fighting is be-
ing conducted. Where formerly we
reckoned in thousands we now reckon
in millions of men engaged in actual
warfare, and where formerly we
spoke of hundreds we now speak of
thousands aggregated behind the
lines engaged in the manufacture of
munitions and the other parapher-
MALTA of warfare.
Hence the medical problem of the
present war embraces as never be-
tore enormous numbers of persons.
both men and women, and not alone
IN the immediate theatre of fighting.
but also in remote places where they
are assembled in factories, etc. For
the first time, therefore, entire popu-
lations of the belligerent countries
are engaged in the operations of
war. Just as it may be stated with
truth that the scale on which the
great war is being waged would be
impossible without a high degree of
industrial development, so may it
also be said that it would be equally
Impossible without high measure
of sanitary control.
This sanitary control has been
gained laboriously within a genera
ton, through the discovery of the
nature of the bacterial causes and
the manner of their propagation of
the infectious diseases-both of med
ical and surgical nature"
Scientists divide the diseases of
modern warfare into three groups.
DR.. Flexner declares. Of these, the
group emanating from intestinal de-
rangements is now the least feared,
having been effectually met by vac
cination and sanitary control.
"The medical diseases attendant
upon military organizations" he
said, may be divided into those
causing intestinal nfections-they
are represented by typhoid fever,
dysentery and cholera; those origi-
mating in respiratory infections and
represented by the various forms of
pneumonia and epidemic meningitis;
those associated with eruptions of
the skin and including smallpox,
measles and scarlet fever; and then
certain more irregular maladies. of
which mumps may be taken as an ex-
ample, since it may become very
prevalent.
Formerly the diseases of intesti
nal origin were most, while now they
are least, feared. The reason for this
change of view is to be round in the
great measure of control exercised |
over them. Typhoid and the related
paratyphoid fever have been abol-
ished by vaccination; cholera has
been and can always be brought un-
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28

laboratori e S
of the Rock
efeller In
stitute f o I
Medical Re-
search.
w i t h ou t
m g d i c a |
science sug-
gests, t h e
w a + condi-
tions would
be of unim-
aginable hor-
70 +. T h e
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28

THE Great War, now approach
ing the close of it's fourth
n year, has seen a smaller per-
centage Of death and disability due
70 disease than any previous war of
which there is adequate record, as
serts DR.. Simon FleXner, director of
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28
Fighting Spread
OF Pneumonia

VI llCuIIlOIlld
Those who had supposed that
pneumonia was merely an after ef-
feet Of taking cold" will be sur
prised to learn that wartime science
has met the disease effectively with
inoculation or vaccination.
"The commoner forms Of pneu-
monia," says DR.. Flexner, "have in
a large measure come under control.
The bacteriology of that affection has
now been wholly worked out; the dis
ease is now recognized as contagious,
which fact essentially affects the
handling of the sick and the pro-
lection of the we'll from avoidable
exposure; and for one of the severer
types of this pneumonia we now pos
sess a curative serum. Moreover,
here again vaccination is holding out
hope of substantial accomplishments; :;
and if present indications are upheld
it will be not outside the limits Of the
practical to immunize by a harmless
kind of incubation or vaccination
even millions of men who would thus
be protected from acquiring pneumo-
MIA of the severer FORMS"
Spinal meningitis, at one time one
of the most battling and cruel of dis
eases, has now largely come under
the control of preventive medicine,
DR.. Flexner points out. The meth
oG, largely developed during the war,
he describes as follows:
"The germ cause of epidemic men,
ingitis-the meningococcus-enters
the body through the mucous men,
brane Of the nose and throat, the So
called upper respiratory membrane
From that location the germ enters
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28

land, whose monuments have on the
whole escaped injury, has also her
share in the artistic annals of the
period. She has sent some admira-
BILE artists to the front, Muirhead
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28

der control by means, first, of ready
methods of disinfecting the drinking
water, and second, by vaccination.
Dysentery has also been held down
by water sterilization and by lAtrine
sanitation. Moreover, recent investi-
cations have brought bacillary dys-
entery, which is the variety Of that
disease prevailing in temperate cli-
mates, within possible control by
means of vaccination, should an cpl
demic threaten"
New-York tribune., 1918-07-28

Bone at their head. and she, too
like France, has gone consistently
ahead with her artistic affairs. The
Royal Academy has Carried on"
The Walpole Society has kept up its
The Cordova daily times. [volume] (Cordova, Alaska) 1914-1947, 1918-03-26
GRENADE THROMERs USED
IN TRANSMITTING ORDERS

PARIS, Feb. 16 (by maiD FIRMS
mission of urgent orders to troops in
the first line and the sending 81 inter-
esting information to the rearby pro-
jectile is one of the new DEVELOPMENTS
of trench warfare, according to the
monthly review, la Science ct Ia Vie.
One of the instruments employed for
this purpose by the Germans was cap.
tured in recent successful attack
made by the French Moronvilliers. It
consists of tin cylinder about fifteen
inches long and an inch and quar-
ter in diameter at the mouth of which
is placed box containing the mes
sage.
The cylinder and message box are
placed in grenade thrower, which
launches it in much the same way as
aerial torpedoes and grenades are
fired from trench mortar
The extreme range of these new en-
gines is about thirteen hundred yards,
which is generally sufficient to cross
the zone of French curtain fire.
The utility of such a system became
apparent with the development of bar
rage fire that made the carrying of
messages by despatch bearer always
hazardous and frequently impossible,
and with the wholesale destruction of
telephone lines by intense destructive
artillery fire.
The Cordova daily times. [volume] (Cordova, Alaska) 1914-1947, 1918-03-26
AUTOMOBILE AMBULANCES
PROVED DEATH TRAPS

WITH THE AMERICAN ARMY IN
FRANCE, Feb. 20 Thy maiD Carbon
monoxide gas has caused deaths
among patients transported within
the closed bodies of some American
made ambulances equipped with ex-
haust gas heaters, it is announced.
All precautions now have been taken
to insure these vehicles being safe
in the future.
Investigation disclosed the presence
OF gas in lethal quantities within am
balances, it having passed through
highly heated iron parts and leaks in
exhaust pipes Poor ventilation was
responsible for the gas remaining in
the closed bodies.
Orders now have been issued for
the boring of one-inch holes at three
inch intervals in a double row through
the wooden front of all vehicles being
u6Gu ny TIC AlllCl ACeAA CAPONAbAOAoAJ
forces. Similar holes will be made in
the tailboards. All exhaust gas heat
ers in the future will be carefully in
spected under operating conditions
and repairs Immediately made upon
those found even slightly defective.
All ambulance drivers and orderlies
have been ordered to investigate the
condition of all passengers within
their cars at five minute intervals.
This will be done by requiring an
answer to an interrogation. Particular
attention will be paid to the condition
Of patients when ambulances are at a
standstill with the engines running.
The Cordova daily times. [volume] (Cordova, Alaska) 1914-1947, 1918-03-26
DESCRIPTION OF RAID
BY ENGLISH NEWSPAPER

LONDON, March l (by maiD The
Manchester Guardian prints the fol-
lowing description of the recent air
raid over London as seen from a
height, by a correspondent:
1T was some time after the burst
ing of the maroons that the first sound
of the attack was heard 1t came from
the northeast, a series of quiet, separ-
ate -plop-plop-p
like porridge boiling The firing died
down and started again from the north
in the same gentle way. Then it be-
came quicker, and then died away in
soft, flannelly noises.
Suddenly the firing burst again to
the northwest and also to the south,
and some nearer guns began to bay
Then there was activity in the west,
and we heard four or five harsh
noises that we took to be bombs, ac-
eompanied by faster firing The last
movement was to the south and south
east, and the noise of the guns was
near and loud, till the whole earth
seemed full of barking and the skies
of explosions.
"At the same time the unseen en-
or,ou fbot bod booo buz1ipo oroupT
our defenses like mosquitoes round a
net, tried again on the north. 1t was
the last wrestle, and could not con
tinue long. The enemy fell back and
the firing died down until only few
distant guns were firing softly, pIoI
-plop-plop, like sigh of relief
The raid was over"