davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07

guns vary in calibre from the 14-inch
naval guns on British monitors to the
6-pounders en- the French fishing feet.
Since tie arming Of the Campana
more than 1900 vessels have been fur
nishcd with batteries, ammunition,
spare parts and auxiliaries, a proceed
urc which had never been contem-
plated by the department prior to the
outbreak Of the war.
Owing to the great demand from
both the army and the navy for the
standard high explosive INT, or tri
nitrotoluol, the bureau has decided to
use q new substitute product, which
promises to be satisfactory and Of
which an ample supply seems available,
to supplement the output of INT and
make greater quantities Of the latter
available for army use.
The task Of combating the German
submarine has brought the invention
of many new devices. An efficient
means of attack against the subma-
rnc was found to lay in the use Of
depth charges, or explosive charges
fitted with & mechanism designed to
explode the charge at a predetermined
depth below the surface Of the water.
The force Of explosion of q depth
charge dropped close to a submarine is
sufficient to disable or sink it. An
American type of depth charge has
been developed and issued in quantity
to our forces. A quantity Of the Brit
ish type is being manufactured for
that navy.
The first year Of war saw the com
pletion of the latest type of naval 16-
inch gun, throwing a projectile weigh
ing 2,100 pounds. Our newest battle
ships will mount them. At present our
largest battleships mount 14-inch guns,
which throw a projectile weighing 1,4OO
pounds.
The bureau has recommended sew
eral offensive naval operations in de-
tail to the Navy Department. For the
ones accepted and being carried out
vast amount of ordnance material is
being provided. on scale heretofore
not considered possible.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07
Training Schools
For Merchant Recruits

''he expanded old yards and those
newi.' constructed had to be manned
A pressing need for skilled workmen
developed. To meet the situation the
Emergency Fleet Corporation organ.
lied a nationwide campaign and estsb.
lished training schools for the men re.
cruited into its service. The results
achieved can be best realized by com.
parative figures. Census reports for
1915 show that in 45 steel yards then
reporting there were only 1882 work
mon employed, while reports made to
the Emergency Fleet Corporation on
February 16, 1918, by So out of pos.
sible 60 steel yards give an enrolmer;
of 162,680. The census reports for 1915
from Is wooden yards records 1859
workmen; those of the Emergency Fleet
Corporation as Of February l6 last
from SO out of possible rs yards, re.
cord 29,959.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07
NAVAL CONSULTING BOARD

WHEN the prospect of war became
w Imminent the Naval Consulting
Board held special meeting in New
York. Ideas were interchanged and all
necessary confidential information held
by the navy was given so that means
for combating the U-boat could be
quickly and successfully met.
Problems were formulated and placed
before specialists whose life study best
fitted them to produce a successful So
luton.
Working in harmony with naval cx-
perts, the outcome of this meeting has
been excellent results.
IN the work Of examination and con-
slderation of the great volume of in.
ventions, ideas and devices submitted
the board has rendered a signal SER
vice. Beginning with March. 1917. the
Navy Department was so overwhelmed
with correspondence that it was we'll
nigh impossible even to sort it. Let
tiers, plans, and models were received
at the rate of from 500 to 700 a day.
In the last twelve months upward Of
10000 letters, many including detailed
plans, some accompanied by models,
have been examined and acted upon.
While a comparatively small num-
Der of inventions have been adopted.
some of them of considerable value.
the majority have fallen in the class
of having been already put in use or
discarded as the result Of experience.
The navy has readily accepted any
idea or invention based on fundamental
principles of science, worked out in
practical form and not at variance
with what experience has taught to be
simple and useful.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07

commerce of this country by granting
war risk insurance on American vessels
and cargoes. had issued total insurance
of 1888, 1881 ,225, covering total Of H..
SAG policies. Premiums on this insur-
ance amounted to SAC, ISL 3S; losses
s24,424, 745.72; expenses, s113,l377o.
To March ~, 1918, the bureau had
issued insurance in the amount of sl2-
465,i16,500 to 1,53S,S51 applicants
among the soldiers and sailors under
the act of October 6, 1917, to grant IN
surance to the fighting forces and pay
lndemnities in case of injury, or family
compensation in case of death, and also
to provide allotmcnts and allowances
for the support of dependents. During
the month of February, 1918. 5s3'o1s
checks were issued in payment Of sllo''
mcnts and allowances, aggregating WV
976,543, for the support of the DE-
pendents of soldiers and sailors.
War risks on masters, officers sa'
crews on American merchant vessels
issued by the bureau to March II Gov.
cred 56,l5S individuals in the sum o.
S92,034,81 insurance written: total pr'
miums were s606,905; total losses wers
Sl6l.59l; total expenses, Sl6,12S.
Loans in the amount of approx
mately $1,000, 900 have been made du1.
ing the last year under the Fedef'
Farm Loan Bureau Of the department -
farmers at reasonable interest rates 7"
provide the means for raising necss'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07
NATIONAL. NAVAL VOLUN.
TIERS

4 T the outbreak of the war, sos
~ officers and $500 men of the Ma
Va! Militia were mustered into the
service of the United States Navy.
Since April G. 1917, the total strength
Of this branch Of the navy has been
gradually increasing, until the present
strength is sos officers and $4,000 men.
The National Naval Volunteers have
been assigned to duty on nearly every
ship OF the navy. Many Of the enlisted
men have been commissioned III the
Naval Reserve force, and number of
the officers have received commissions
for temporary service in the navy.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07
Buying Supplies
At Double Quick
'THE war has not nccessitatcd any

THE war has not nccessitatcd any
Il change in the purchasing system Of
the navy, where for thirty years there
has been one centralized office under
the Paymaster General. who is rcspon-
siblc to the Secretary of the Navy for
the efficiency of the supply of the fleet.
The law prescribes q certain definite
procedure in the placing Of contracts,
and it has not been found necessary in
the navy to depart from the principles
of open competitive bidding, except
when the demand is far greater than
the supply, and in such cases orders
are allocated equally and proportion.
ally among the trades. Secret bidding
has not been resorted to.
At each navy yard and station are
general storchouses with a supply off.
GER in charge, who is directly response
Die Tor the stock, aggrcgating about
10000 different items.
When manufacturers have recog-
nzed the fact that they cannot secure
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07
The Building
Programme

The building programme Of the Emer-
gency Fleet Corporation is divided into
steel and wood construction. Exercis-
ing its power of requisition. the Ship
ping Board or March last had taken
over 425 steel vessels Of 2,999,1O8 dead
weight tons, and had let contracts for
720 steel vessels, of 5,166,4Oo dead
weight tons, making total OF 1.145
steer ships with an aggregate dead
weight tonnage of S,164,5o8 OF
the reQuisitioncd vessels, -, of ass, 576
dead weight tons, had been completed
and put into operation: Is, of 1852 ZOO
dead weight tons, had been reconveyed
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07

forces and the supplies necessary to
subsist them in foreign fields.
One step designed to effect this DUR
pose had already been taken; two
others followed shortly after the dec
laration of war. Through the shippine
act, approved September 7, 1916, Con-
Cress created n United States Shipping
Board to encourage and develop q
naval auxiliary, q naval reserve and
merchant marine; empowered that
board to- form corporation to pur
chase, construct and operate merchant
vessels, which it exercised through the
incorporation IF the Emergency Fleet
corporation. and authorized $50 O0O.-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07

Since the above date contracts have
been placed for 949 vessels, including
100 submarine chasers for the navy of
one of the co-belligerent nations.
The work Of the bureau has included
the repair and fitting for service Of
number of interned German ships,
while more than 700 privately owned
vessels have been purchased or char
tered and have been or are being fitted
for naval use, and in addition more
than so vessels have been turned over
to the navy by other government de-
partments.
In addition to the preparation Of de-
signs for the new destroyers, subma-
rine chasers, and mine sweepers, the
bureau has prepared designs for vari-
Gus other types OF vessels.
Included in the building programme
of the bureau are between 800 and 900
small boats, and both at navy yards
and at private yards small boat work
is proceeding.
There has been marked progress in
WV oe'eiVpheHt OF naval AVIATION.
Orders have been given for seaplanes
flying boats, dirigibles, and balloons.
The above material is being built in
private establishments and also at the
naval aircraft factory in Philadelphia.
This factory was authorized by the
Secretary Of the Navy July q, 1917.
On August the first contract for
factory buildings was let, and on
Augast 10 ground was broken for the
first building. The first machine
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07
MARINE CORPS.
INCE the opening of the pres

1NCE the opening of the present
war the Marine Corps has grown
from total of 1926 enlisted men and
426 officers to a present strength of
1889 officers and 80 629 enlisted men.
The increase in enlisted men has
been by voluntary enlistments, in one
instance a college battalion cnlistins
as whole. The enlisted personnel
represents all classes of the commu-
nifty, college and business men, profess
sional men, athletes, mechanics, labor
crs, and in one instance an ex-Con-
gresham, who, though slightly over
the usual age. has attained the rank
OF second lieutenant through his devo-
ton to duty and application.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07
NAVAL RESERVE FORCE

a T THE declaration of war some TO-
L y 600 officers and men had been en-
rolled in the Naval Reserve force. a
large percentage being on duty at the
>lme under training Enrolments have
continued. until at the present time
there are about $4,000 men and over
10000 officers.
The Naval Reserves have been in
valuable in assisting the navy to meet
the large wartime expansion. There
is now a bill before Congress trans
fcrring all national naval volunteers
to the Naval Reserve.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07

from the navy any business If COM
mission for some intermediary is in
cluded in their bids, they have adopted
the policy Of direct bidding.
Care is taken in the fixing Of fiat
price to prevent inequalities of Pr
In many lines production had to be
increased, this being ob.ainable only
by policy Of liberality in the prices
fixed by the government.
In administering the commissary
department Of the navy every effort
has been made to the end that without
regard to cost tho men Of our navy
might continue to be. as Tie Surgeon
General has stated they are. "the best
fed body of men in the world"
The high cost Of living has been re-
fected in the cost Of the navy ration.
for during the year 1917 the total
cost was s0.43S as against $o.37613 for
1916.
The regulations prohibiting the pur-
chase of patent and proprietary foods
are rigidly enforced.
There we're in store and ready for
| issue on December Is at the provisions
and clothing depot at New York ano
the four naval acknowledgement, Nor
foik, Great Lakes and San Francisco
the following quantities Of principal
items:
Blankets, 2o9,272; caps, 1o6,37s; un-
dershirts, heavy, 1880; underdrawcrs
heavy, 9,210; Jerseys. 102, 36s; jumpers,
white, 1885; jumpers, blue, 1850;
overshirts, 104,362; socksy woolIcn, 81
1876; trousers, white, 1860; trousers.
blue, 145,744; SHOES, 24410; gloves,
1906, and overcoats, 1850.
During the previous years the fleet
has wintered in southern waters, but
upon the outbreak Of war special heavy
winter clothing for standing watches
on the bridge in Indictment weather
was necessary.
The Bureau of Navigation has dc
cided uron an outfit, to consist Of extra
woollen underwear and socks. blanket
overshirt with hood, windproof suit
with hood, pair Of heavy woolcn nit
tens, pair of heavy leather sea boots
Tor dcstroyers, and pair of heavy
arctics for vessels other than destrov-
ers. Contracts have been awarded for
these articles, and they are being de-
llvered to vessels as required.
In addition to this heavy clothing,
special outfits consisting of an imita
ton leather jacket brooches, helmet
cap, pair Of gauntlet mittcns. and inner
suit OF Oxford gray woollcn close
lifting jacket and brooches, pair Of
arctic ovcrshocs, pair of laced leather
boots, two suits Of extra heavy wool
and cotton underwear, and two pairs
of extra heavy woollcn socks have been
authorized for issue to submarines.
Avlators' clothing of an approved de-
sign is also being purchased as re-
CURED.
! The total advertised purchases o1
the navy in 1916 were $40 100000. The
high water mark Of expenditure for
one day in the bureau occurred on
Saturday, February 23, 1918, when
checks were drawn for more than $50
100000 on account Of munitions alone.
The approximate total value of pur
chases OF and contracts for materials
for the navy during the last twelve
months is s50o,0oo,000 it does not in
clude, however, purchases of materials
made by shinbuildng companies for
navy construction.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07

h SUPPORT Of the war programme
i Of the United States the Treasury
Department, TO March ~, 1918, has
ISSUED in Liberty bonds, certificates of
Indebtedness, war savings certificates
and thrift stamps total to the value
Of $3.50, S02, 05296:
s sIrsI dLpc5t ETY. Loan 900 600 900 90
Ccrtitcates OF indebcdness:
T rsa i 5sscm;d ~ - tss Ss9
Total outstanding ......... G55 727 soo m
War savings certificates and thrift
stamps '.......''.............. 90 .2ss. 4o2 &c
Io'A S. $50 500 .o52 50
To March -, 1918, the aggregate
loans of the United States government
to foreign governments associated i,
the war against Germany amounted to
s4436,329, $50.
While the greater part of the war in.
come and excess profits taxes are not
due until June, the Treasury had col.
lectcd in internal revenue taxes $685.
267, 900 to March IL, and had sold ST..
255,000,000 in certificates of indebted
ness which will be receivable in pay
ment of internal revenue taxes.
From April 6 to March IS, 1918. the
Bureau of Engraving and Printing had
issued 17,675.37l;552 single United
States notes, certificates. bonds, stamps
or sheets of checks, drafts or miscel-
laneous papers.
From September 2, 1914, to March 10,
1913, the Bureau of War Risk Insur-
ance, created Immediately after the out
break Of the European war to assist tho
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07
Mobilization of Material

navy developed American mine believed good point.
OF various types OF ufactur ouonities
Largest type OF naval 6nch completed batcship.:
1t throws Proccile weighing pounds.
several hundred submarine hers rvon,
private and Atlantic .o,
n weather ~ '"e
Tho Signal Corps Of trimmed pigeon. - F,,rc
mo ordnance Department manufactures items. Ono
type OF with has exclusive of accessories.
ing than 400 producing parts and
supplies ~
The Emergency Fleet March A2s
vessels contracted for 72O Of
lightweight tonnage Of se45os: let contract. g.
4So wooden vessel de.d.oh
ton repaired and put deadwcigh
sliced from Germany and Austria
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07
Doubling the Nauy
tuice IN q Year

DURING the period of war appropri-
IL ations have been made amounting
to total of s6o,0oo,o0o, together with
previous appropriations totalling $685.,
600 600, for the specific purpose Of new
naval construction. During this period
there have been expended for general
work Of the Bureau of. Construction
and Repair s5o.oOoooO and for new con-
structon $4,000 600.
On April i, 1917, there were build
ing or authorized for the Navy 1923
vessels. as rs:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07

the United States Naval Reserve force.
while 600 medical and dental students
are subject to call.
During the year the hospital beds
available for naval sick and wounded
$4,000, and, further increase of some
5000 is being made
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07
Other Departments
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT

THE medical department of the
a navy on April G, 1917, quietly
passed from peace to war footing.
Tho work of nursing the navy sick
is performed by female nurses and bv
members of the navy hospital corps.
The number of female nurses has in
creased from 1G0 to $50. the latter in
GLIDING. both the navy nurse corps and
reserve nurses on duty.
The hospital corps has expanded
from about 1000 mcn to 1000 members
- .ne regular force and LOCO mon Of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07
COAST GUARD

NA]llEN war came the Coast Guard
w was transferred from the Treas
ury Department to the Navy Depart
ment. The vessels of the guard were
assigned to the several naval districts.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07

nnn fr,d fc- 80 o,o~r+;o,, of +l,a nv.
rc!Ht'on. By joint resolution OF the
SENATE and House Ct Representatives,
approved May Is, 1912, the President
was authorized to take over the Ger
man vessels within the jurisdiction of
the United States, its territories and
insular possessions. And under the
emergency shipping fund provision OF
the urgent deficiency appropriation act,
approved June SO, 1917, the President
was authorized to requistion any yes
sci under construction or contracted for
IN shipyards within the United States.
Selzlng the
Ca cL;
$4,000
Rv Exec,+;ve orders dated 1une 20
and ru,v . 1917 tho preS;den+ ordered
the sb;nn;ne BOARD 70 seize the German
vessels in United States waters ond hv
another, Of July II, 1917, delegated to
the board the power Of requisition
which Congress bad vested in him.
ieA AoA ~ VAC 'SsnS 'i.u W '''e'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-04-07

A T THE outset of the war the ma
~ tion, in addition to expanding
the army to proportions ade-
quate to wage the struggle, was con-
frontcd with the problem Of providing
facilities to transport it's expeditionary
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-05-26
CONGRESS LIKELY TO
GO AHEAD WITH BILL
No Agreement Reached to Insure
Revenue Measure at Extra ses-
sion After Long Conference.

WASHINGTON, May 25.--Im-
mediate Legislation by congress ap-
peared more probable late today
when Democratic leaders in con-
rress were unable to get assurances
requested by President Wilson from
Republican leaders for an agreement
on procedure and the basis of tax
alton.
After n day of conferences be-
tween the president, Secretary Nc
Adoo and congressional leaders,
Senator Simmons of North Carolina
chairman of the senate finance com
mittee. announced late today that
negotiations for delay in the legisla-
ton appeared TO be off. d,
"Everything is Off" he said. and
I guess we will have to go ahead
with the Legislation"
Republican leaders, of the senate
according to administration spokes-
men prevented an agreement by re
fuslng to give assurances that Dill
along definite lines proposed by the
president would be passed with their
co cooperation within n definite time.
The Republicans, however, gave out
a statement declaring they were
ready to go ahead with the legisla-
ton any time the administration de
sired and aid its passage without
unnecessary delay"
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-05-26
ROOSEVELT CHARGES
WILSON WITH BLAME
Colonel Replies To Postmaster Gen.
cral Burlcson In Favored Press
Controversy.

WASHINGTON. May a6.----A reply
,by Theodore Roosevelt to Postmas.
ter General Burleson today In their
controversy over alleged discrimina-
ton by the post office department
In treatment OF publications. pres
ented TO the senate today by Senator
Poindexter of Washington. charged
that the administration had played
for and against different newspapers
and magazines and that President
Wilson was directly responsible.
The administration. Mr.. Roosevelt
declared, has condoned the anti-ally
attitude OF certain publications.
among them the Hearst newspapers.
while embarrassing those that have
made honest criticism Of the conduct
OF the war.
In attacking George creeI Colonel
Roosevelt declared he "assails pub
lications that truthfully expose the
shortcomings OF the administration
and without regard to the facts per-
sonally and through his bureau ac-
lively upholds the administration In
matters such ms the aircraft pro-
gram, In which there have been
grave governmental shortcomings"
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-05-26
GERMANS DRIVEN OFF IN
HAND+TO-HAND FIGHTING
Mans Land in Picardy and
Come off Victors.

WITH THE AMERICAN ARMY
IN FRANCE, May 25.--An ArNeri-
can reconnoitering party commanded
by Lieut. A. p. Craddock OF Lynch
burg, Va, had A thrilling irlnd-to-
hand encounter with Germans in No
Mans Land in Picardy last night
In the face of continuous fire from
two machine guns they charged the
enemy, Although Lieutenant Grad
dock and several Of his men were
seriously wounded they continued
fighting and drove off the Germans
One OF the Americans was shot in
the. head and body and lay on the
ground stunned. When. he came to
he found a German holding him by
the shoulder. He whipped out his
pistol and and killed the German
Another American detachment
during the course of the night
penetrated the enemy organlza
tons in the Bois Allogne, attacked a
German post, killed seven and took
prisoner. The prisoner told the
same story as thousands OF others
who have been taken by the British
and French-that he would give
anything to see the war ended. He
apparently knew nothing about fu-
ture German movements.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1918-05-26
EVERY PERSON MUST DO
PART, SAYS Roosevelt 7
Former President Declares No Good
American Sleeps Until Ho
Does Something.
SPRINGFIELD. Ohio, May 49,

SPRINGFIELD. Ohio, May 25.---
AT this time no good American
should sleep easily II during the day
he has not done everything in his
power to put this country back OF
the armed men in France who are
fighting for our national honor and
liberty and the future peace OF
civilized mankind" declared Theo-
dore Roosevelt here tonight In an
address on Americanism, In behalf
OF a local war chest campaign.
"The peril ss faced by and the
honor is rightly due to those at the
front" he said But the rest OF us
who cannot get to the front must
must at least hack up our men in
every possible way: and the way TO
back them up is every day.. every
week, every month to do the thing
that is next. At this moment the
thing that Is next Is the Red Cross
drive. Last month 1t was the Lib
erty loan and all the time the biggest
thing that IL next is to back up the
men who wear our uniform by in
sisting that wc at homo tolerate alb
solutely no division on the great
question OF Americanism"