Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-11-03
|S|MPL|F|ED LESSONS IN
CARE OF AUTOMOBILE.
sHolts and Nuts to Number OF Thou
sand Enter Into Makeup
Sss OF Machine.
PARTS MUST BE KEPT TIGHT
Expert Guerrlich Declares No Nut
Should Be Put on Without the
. Thought of Fact That Some Day
1t Will Work Loose.

bolts ana nuts on the au.omobile; II
they will not do that for which they
have been furnished. For this reason
nut or bolt must never be put In
prevent its becoming loose. 1t must be
locked in some way.
Each week. for the last thirty or
issued on nut locking devices. showing
that this is one. problem which has not
but of these the devices explained here
with are. with few exceptions. the
only ones which are used. Each of these
is used in special cases and some Of
conditions
The most commonly used locking
and cheap(; is the, spring lock wash
shown in Fig. /. 1t is also called a
split Washer" This. as can he seen:
Steel. he split ends Of which have been
bent so that they pon, in opposite
slipped over the bolt and the nut then
screwed tight. The illustration shows
nut n OF tie W oose So nen hoM
the bent ends a and L rest, one. against
the nut. and the other against the
will dig in. so that to unscrcw the nut.
torn away before the nut viii turn
These lock washers are very success
full in the whole but are not absolutely
reliable. IF the bolt is long and sub
jccted 10 much vibration. or If the load
on it is intermittent; as u, blow. the
on the washer will be decreased and
the nut may turn: IT is neccssa ry.
T therefore TO pe.iodicaily test the nuts
in places where il cannot be got at
and tested.
Hardened steel is liable to he brittle.
and as the lock washers have been
tempered. which we might say is partly
son, they must not be used on the con
meeting rods, main bearings or like i'm
a through bolt, one should also be put
under the bolt, head. Where possible
should be used with the through bolt,
GOOD PRACTICE TO CARRY
bon ALONG WITH YOU
1t Is a good practice to carry box
Kit. and When. on taxing off nut nut. the the
old washer is found to be flat to sub
sti Nest af new s sslh "ak tho nut
Of ff. it. .n and snail n9le drilled through
and the hole ~ the bolt: This is shown
in d Fig, Z; a nut of this type is called
than the washer. and Is generally used
on important bolts and ones which can
ny NC iooheo aiteT WITHOUT removing
lated nut. outside of it's high cost. is
that ii is hard often to get The hole in
the bolt and the slots in the nut. in
line. without loosening the latter
Changing the nuts about will often
overcome this trouble. Here is rea-
part. TO screw the nuts hack on their
bolts. good mechanic always does
this. not only because they will go on
easier. but the danger of their bccom-
ing lost is eliminated thereby.
Where number of cap-screws (holt-
are used, especially when placed in a
circle. as on the universal nangcs,
dinerential and clutch springs. they are
held fast by drilling small holes
through the heads of the screws, ana
then running a wire through the hole
OF one screw after the other. as shown
IN Fig g. Leaving this wire off is "a
:. When inserting the wire the position
Cf. the slots should he studied and tbr
wire inserted through Il slot so that Il:
viii tend to tighten the screw, and not
loosen It,
When the nu, is of larger dicme,cr
universal or adjusting nut OF the steer
ing mechanism. 1t is customary TO spiit
the nut and to furnish il with a SIN
boit SO that II can he clamped tight
on to the threads after being turned
up the proper amount. This is shown
While the above are the most-used
locking devices few specially de-
s siGned ones ones will generally also be
will quickly see the actor. of these
7 special devices.