davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1918-02-21
Contract for: Aviation Camp.

RICHMOND. Va, February 21.-Gen.
Littell. in charge Of all camp construc-
tion. has announced the award to the
George A. Fuller Company Of the con-
tract for an aviation concentration
camp to cost between 100000 and
$4.000,ooo. The site selected is the Bell
Wood farm. about Ave miles from
Richmond on the James river. with
ample railroad facilities.
Evening star., 1918-02-21
BABY CARRIAGE
DEPARTMENT

2 Reed, Pullman Carriages,
cushions slightly soiled. Re-
duced from $3.50 to $3.50
each.
Fourth Aeeg, &leveafk street.
Evening star., 1918-02-21
MUSLIN UNDERWEAR
DEPARTMENT

IS Two-piece Apron Dresses,
in lavender, pink and blue, fn-
ished with striped trimming
and pockets. 75c each, were 81.
8 House Dresses, in pink and
blue, belted, button down
front, long sleeves. Sz.15 each,
were $3.50.
10 Gingham and Chambray
House Dresses, belted styles,
button down front, finished
with collar and turn-back cuffs.
S1.SO each, were 500.
8 Black Percale Uniforms.
Sz15 each, were $3.50.
3 Klosfit Petticoats, green
changeable, plain green, and
gray, jersey satin and taffeta
combinations. s3.9s each, were
$500.
Third i1eer, = street.
Evening star., 1918-02-21
COTTON DRESS GOODS
DEPARTMENT.

(Lengths up to AZ yards)
Csc 27-inch Ginghams 80. zoe
Soc 36-inch Percales ....... .25c
25c Printed Voiles ......... zoe
Soc Printed Voiles ..........z .z5c
35c Printed Voiles ......... SOC
40c Printed Voiles ......... .3sc
Soc Printed Voiles ......... .3sc
A.00 Printed Voiles........75c
Soc Scotch Ginghams .35c
40c Mercerized Poplins .3sc
ssessa asse, q street.
Evening star., 1918-02-21

1. 1918. 90 a. to permit further storing
for thirty days Of all poultry. sold be-
fore March direct. to distributors who
supply the consuming trade.
Evening star., 1918-02-21
Tomorrow Our Usual Remnant Day. Store Open From

will be only
in oernnens will afud
The NoensO Omegar @
asndDrss land dHnoughou the he b noted
Evening star., 1918-02-21

Mrs. Joseph w. Byrns. wife of Repre-
sentative Byrns of Tennessee. has been.
removed to a hospital suffering from a
breakdown due to overwork in connection
with Red Cross and war relief activities
Her condition was reported as favorable
today.
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20

as rule have not been state con-
scious. That is, their thoughts
have fluttered in curious interest
over the United States and Europe
and they have rarely realized that
concentrating effort in definite
state units where workers can
easily get together would
strengthen and define anything
they may undertake. The dan
ger Of failing to concentrate on
unit work is illustrated by the fact
that bigness of women's organiza-
tions has sometimes been mis-
taken for strength, and chains of
state branches Joined too quickly
into national organizations have
shown many weak links.
1t is a joy to call attention to
New York State and to plead for
fuller knowledge Of it, be-
cause Of it's wonderful beauty.
Rivers, lakes, seashore, mountains,
forests, canyons, give endless
variety and, rightly used, should be
the abode of very sturdy people.
But here, as elsewhere, there lie
close together prosperous towns
and poor mountain farms, wealthy
cities and appalling slums, the best
possible educational facilities and
dense ignorance, patriotic Ameri-
cans and dangerous aliens. The
cooperation of state officials and
volunteer workers can lessen these
contrasts.
GERTRUDE SHERMAN TROWBRlDCEE.
Chairman Woman's Committee Stuts
Defence Council
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20
Your State:
What 1t Means You-What You Can Do for It

The following collection Of facts
about our state was made principally
from records in the Legislative Manual,
copies of which have been supplied to
the county charmen Of the Woman's
Committee, State Defence Council.
through the courtesy of the Secretary
Of State. Mrs. Trowbridge New York
State chairman of the Woman's Com
mittee, will le glad to conduct from her
office any inquiry desired further to
elaborate any of these statements or TO
give information Of the vast amount of
state work now carried out in other de-
partments.
For CHILD WELFARE the state offers:
Record of birth, supervision of milk
and other food. Prevention of blindness
and, where that is impossible, treatment
and instruction of blind children, pro-
vision for operations, training in occupa-
tons providing positions for blind work
ers. Children's courts, children's insti-
tutions, safe custody and treatment for
IDIOTS and epileptics. Special hospitals
for deformed and crippled children. Free
education, free dental clinics, free IL
oTalies, state camps and free camping
sitcs. Special training, for backward or
}''- 'f- ''T - rf'ice nDed children. Children
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20
TO New York Women

AVING recently become
aware of the extent and of
the high quality of work
carried on in New York State for
'the preservation of the peace,
safety and freedom of the people,"
the author has experienced deep
interest and pride in what the peo-
ple's representatives have accom-
plished and feels that even a slight
outline of their work will arouse
other women citizens to adequate
appreciation Of it.
These activities comprise the
most important Items Of cost in
the work of the state, yet they are
not as we'll advertised as are
purely political efforts. Women
have accepted as a matter OF
course the fact that they are in
many ways privileged and pro-
tected. Such advantages came to
them unasked and without effort
and are an old story, whereas
citizenship is to them a novelty
won after long struggle. Having
won citizenship, however, they are
now eager to prove how, useful
they can be to the state. This
usefulness should be founded upon
correct information not only of
election methods but of the means
whereby the state cares for the
social needs Of it's people: the
work which might be called the
"heart"of state work.
'The Legislative Manual" pub
lished annually by the Secretary
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20

Shinnecock Reservation, near South.
hampton.
Tonawanda Reservation, in Erie and
Genesee counties.
Tuscarora Reservation, in Niagara
County.
The state has charge of great system
OF parks and reservations. Niagara Res
ervation, preserving the American side Of
the falls, cost 81 100000.
The State Forest Reserve, of l.Sl4.55O
acres, is valued at $40,000,00O, but cost
the state approximately only $4,000 600
The Palisades Park Commission has
acquired lands on the Hudson River
from Fort Lee to Piermont, and will in
crease this park land to connect with
Hartman Park and the state reserva-
tions. making a superb stretch of beauti-
full land and riverside for the use Of the
pubic IN perpetuity.
1t is Immediately accessible to a popu-
lation of nearly 100000 people and
consists Of wild forest and mountain
land, laid out with trails and drives and
studded with natural and artificial lakes
OF wonderful beauty. In 1916 it was Wis
tied by 100000 persons Boy Scouts,
working girls and sick children were
greatly improved by living outdoors in
these free camps.
The highest mountain in the state is
Mount Marcy, in the Adirondacks. 1t is
5,344 feet high.
The Catskills average $500 feet in
height.
The Conservation Commission main
tains fifty-two observation stations on
mountain tops. to report fires and to see
that they are combated on private and
pubic lands. 1t supports also six nur-
series, having capacity o. 30,000,0O0
trees, lO,OOO,OOO being turned out each
year to reforcst lands, and for purchase
at cost for home planting.
The new Erie Canal, now known as
the Barge Canal, opened May, 1918, is
446 miles long, minimum depth IL feet,
maximum width 200 feet. It is built of
concrete etc and operated by electricity. 1t
has tifty-seven locks, and the engineering
problems involved in its construction far
exceed in number those encountered at
the Panama Canal The cost of con.
structon was $4,000 900. 1t connects the
Hudson River with Lake Erie. The GEN.
tennial of its beginning was celebrated
July 4, 1917
The New York State roads in extent
and quality are the best in the world
For YOUR PROTECTION the state
offers:
To protect rural communities there are
nov tour troops oi StdCe ponce, consist
ing of forty-five men each. headed by a
superintendent.
All boys between the ages of sixteen
and nineteen are now required to undergo
military training.
Every minor between sixteen and
twenty-one years of age who does not
speak, read or write the English Ian
guage must attend school until the com.
pletion of fifth grade work
Legislation Is before the Assembly
providing that after January i, 1920. no
older non-English- speaking person can
vote, unless he learns the English Ian
guage and is familiar with the princinles
OF American government. This should
make New York state of English
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20
Fart lime in Sch00ls-Evil or Blessin62
" Are
''' TO This Need
5l54f Children eWHh a LauLu
forbaAing Of More hooAou the End -

ways left at the school, and "home work"
IN our sense was unheard of.
l have known teachc swamned with
classes OF fifty or sixty ho, left to their
own devices, would divide the class. put
the faster travellers in one section. the
slower IN another, and give each class
OF twenty-five half days teaching. It
would mean for the teacher longer hours.
but infinitely less nerve strain: and tho
children. taken in smaller lots. would
learn more, and more easily.
Home work is far more serious evil
than part time" If it were the old
fashioned kind of home work and con-
sisted in fetching home the COWS. or
chopping wood, or doing other chores for
parents-that would be one thing. and
wholly beneficial But "home work"
means more lessons added to the five
hour day, which is already quite long
enough. Many parent dislikes to ask
any service of a child because "I have
done my arithmetic And vet home
chores are very valuable part of a
child's education.
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20

During the war state, county, town or
municipal officers and employees who are
members of the National Guard or the
Naval Militia are given indefinite leave
OF absence, receiving from the state the
difference between their usual salary
and that paid in the army or navy, and
upon their return are to be given their
old positions at the same salary.
The New York College of Forestry. at
Syracuse, trains students for scientific
management of forests and for planting,
raising and selling trees and other tim
ber.
The State Institute for the Study OF
Malignant Diseases studies cause. pre-
vention and cure of cancer and allied
diseases free of charge. 1t receives into
ITS hospitals cases of cancer and allied
diseases when patients are unable to pay
tor treatment. This institute may re-
celve legacies and beouests for use in
advancing its purposes.
There are 1O7 justices of the Supreme
Court, l5O members of the Assembly and
flfty-seven members of the Senate.
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20

OF State, tells much about it. But
this wonderful book has i,166
pages, and therefore does rot ap-
peal to the average reader. How
ever, its information is clearly ar
ranged. illustrated by excellent
maps and charts; altogether an in
valuable book of reference.
1t is unavoidable that in the
feverish desire to be of assistance,
especially in war time, there
should arise groups of volunteer
women workers too quickly or
ganlzed to make sure that their
effort is not duplication of that
already more effectively carried on
by state agencies. Especially is
that the case where food, educa-
ton, health, Americanization and
agriculture are concerned. In such
work, amateurs lose time if igno-
rant OF the excellent literature put
out officially on such subjects and
OF the accumulated experience
which is freely offered for their
consideration in state departments
and commissions. Then, too, wom-
en- would pay taxes more cheer
fully if they knew what their con-
tributions were accomplishing, and
state departments would be bene-
fitted by sensible, constructive
criticisms from women leading to
wide participation in such work,
for which they are increasingly
demanded.
There are other reasons for fix
ing attention upon the state, and
one of them is the fact that women
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20

placed out in supervised families. Free
distribution of serum used in treatment
OF various diseases. After-care of infan-
tile paralysis. Supervision of diet for all
school children and school luncheons
served free or at cost. School nurses to
guard the health Of children and to pro-
vide first aid in case of accident.
For WOMEN IN INDUSTRY the state
offers:
The use of State Department. of Labor,
which now has Woman's Department..
1t is divided into the following bu-
reaus: Inspection, statistics and informa-
ployment, worlmen's compensation and
such other business as may be required.
For FOOD CONSERVATION AND
PRODUCTS the state offers:
The services of the Department Of
Farms and Markets. This department
executes the laws of the state relative to
the production, transportation, storage,
marketing and distributing of food.
Aids in the development of the agri-
cultural resources of the state, the i'm
provement Of the conditions of rural life,
the settlement of farms and the supply
of farm labor. 1t also co0perates in
establishing local markets and ware
houses and takes action to prevent illegal
acts or practices in the sale, adulteration
and distribution of food. 1t encourages
the raising of cattle, obtains seeds for
planting, organizes schools for teaching
the use of farm tractors and lends trac-
tors at nominal rental. The depart
nlent enrolls farm laborers and organizes
workers in war gardens.
The Conservation Commission assists
in protecting and examining water sup
ply, cu'tivating fish to be placed in state
waters; protecting game. saving from
pollution streams and shellish grounds,
For HEALTH the state offers:
The use of the State Department of
Health, which acts in the interests of the
health and life Of the people of the state.
Among its many vital activities, it super
vises the sale Of food, records mar
riages, births and deaths. Its labora-
tory service furnishes to health officers
and physicians throughout the state aid
in diagnosis, supervision and prevention
OF communicable disease, supplying vac
cines and curative serums free. 1t con-
ducts public health campaigns in very
many communities throughout the state
IN county and town fairs and farmers
oranges. 1t registers midwives, exclud
ing from practice those that are incom-
petent. In connection with the State
CHARITIES Aid Association and the loca'
antl-tuberculosis societies, the depart
ment has secured the provision of twen-
ty-nine county tuberculosis hospitals.
tuberculosis clinics and dispensares
have been established in cities To the
National Guard, to the United States
Army and Navy and also to our Allies
in Europe. the department has furn'' he'd
greatly needed vaccines and curative
serums absolutely necessary for the
treatment of the sick. Enforcement Of
the marriage law providing that appli-
-A~n -.
statement that they are free from
venereal diseases is suggestion from
the Health Department.
In NATURAL RESOURCES the state
offers:
New York State is nearly triangular
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20

handled as to be very real blessing.
When we Garyized few schools, one of
the essential ideas Of the Gary system
was not considered; namely, that the
schools at Gary, ILL.,, were planned
to meet the needs of working popula-
ton, and the schools assumed RESPONSE
bility for the child during the whole
working day of it's parents. Thus
father, coming home from work, could
stop at the school and get his little son,
and the working mother would be as
sured that her little ones were not being
run down by mail-trucks or other bel
ligerently driven autos, but that they
were in shop or on the playground or in
the gymnasium, and under competent
care.
Montessori's Casa Bambini at Rome,
was planned for the same thing-the
complete care of the little folk from the
time their mothers must leave them until
they could again assume their care And
1T was working mothers whom the great
Italian educator was especially desirous
of aiding. She was careful to teach the
children to help themselves, so they could
be of use in their homes. This aspect
of Montessori's teaching is given in that
extremely we'll managed place, the Haven
Day Nursery; but / do not know if it
is done in other Montessori schools.
This matter of caring for the children
during the entire working day will be
imperative next winter, when so many
mothers are of necessity working outside
their own homes. And the more children
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20
1anOs- In Bulk
and ON the HOOf
By MAY BOSNIAN
THE. warning countries the q

THE. warning countries the great
est amount of prosperity exists
among the working classes, particu-
larly among munition workers. Whole
families in England who were in a state
OF desperate poverty before the WAY are
now earning "big money" The drink
curse. has diminished and their health
is being looked after carefully by the
firms which employ them. Their oppor-
tunities for spending money are con-
fined almost entirely to amusement and
to better ways of living-and sometimes
the results make humorous reading.
"A workman from the East End of Lon
don-that slummiest of great city's
slums-came into business street one
day not long ago to purchase a piano.
De bought in England to-day and it is
not too much to say that any private in
dividual who purchases one Of these be-
longs exclusively to the lower classes Of
working people-men and women who
nave never had instruments before and
cannot play. Just what they do with
those that have no mechanical attach
ment Is not made clear by the story
tellers.
~ Inc purchase price Of the piano was
5oo, about $3.50 of our money. The East
Eng workman pulled out roll Of notes
ana began to count them off. When he
nad reached $50 the salesman put out his
That's correct" said he.
., put the workman went on counting.
Inc piano is but f50," protested the
yMalesman. The purchaser paid no heed.
a,e Went on counting in spite of further
Explanations on the part Of the salesman
lie stopped at fl0O. GIVE me two
p'anos,'' said he. eve have two rooms"
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20
Have We
Prussianized School System?

This America of ours is a democracy.
It is more imperative than ever that our
boys and girls become brave, outstanding,
fearless, capable citizens, each with his
peculiar gift or aptitude given a chance
for development. In the hands Of these
We must give them a clear conception
of democracy as we value democracy.
Yet boys and girls were supposed to
learn citizenship from class whom the
Federal government SO far does not con-
slider competent to exercise the rights Of
citizenship-women. They form the ma
jority of our teachers.
And how can they learn democracy
from people who are living and working
under system that is purely autocratic?
Are teachers to learn that we in Ameri-
ca preach one thing and practise an
other? They are dealt with as if they
were employees Of the Board of Educa-
ton. In many of our better managed in
the board of directors. Teachers have
no representation on the Board of Edu-
cation. Yet in reality the teachers are
the servants Of the people and employed
by the taxpayers. Women voters-and
that includes women teachers-will have
something to say on this subject, and
it will be blessed day for our schools
when they say it.
All the important advances in educa-
ton have come through men or women
outside the school systems. The Gary
system was not an educators work. The
plan was the result of the townsfolk get
ting together to plan system that fitted
the needs of their children.
That, emphatically, is what we must
do in New York. And we must do it by
districts and by groups. New York is
too big and too varied for wholesale ac-
tion in such matters to be successful. The
needs of different communities are diff
ferent; their resources are different. And
this winter we can use all our resources.
We need getting together of school
committees, teachers, fathers and mothers,
and especially aunts with spare time.
And then, school by school, we can fit
each to the needs of the children who
attend it, cooperating with every possible
, child welfare agency. So shall we meet
our problem, and the sooner We get to-
gether on it the better.
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20

will have chance to help his mother
and to put in part time at remunerative
work, which in many households will be
necessary. This should be under school
supervision or it is quite possible the
work may be too hard or otherwise un-
suitable. For others there should be
Fairgrounds, gymnasium, library, the
chance to learn cooking, marketing, sew
ing and dressmaking.
Marketing is especially necessary Few
teachers realize what small youngsters
must often do the family buying. Of
course they "oughtn't to'-all the same
they have to. Mother is away, or can't
leave the baby.
There should be carpentry; and Louise
Brigham-she of the clever and prac-
tical "box furniture" have some-
thing to do with that
There should be a study room-per-
haps in nearby parish house, where
the child may work in a peace to which
he probably can't attain in the tiny
apartment which is his home.
Minds in
Uniform
This winter we ought to cut some
scholastic red-tape and fit the schools
to the needs Of the community instead
of holding to our practice of putting
every child into the same mental uniform
irrespective of individuality. That
superintendent can take out his watch
and know what every child is doing at
a precise moment is no matter for con-
graduation. Probably many prison
warden could do the same with respect
to the inmates in his charge.
And teachers should have more lee
way. Ever since the world began, good
teaching has been the result of bringing
together an able man or woman and a
group of children whom the teacher
taught according to his best ability, and
not after a strict pattern handed to
him by some one else.
But now we have such respect for our
lock-step system that we allow no one
to teach even handicraft who is not
teacher by profession, no matter how
commercially successful he may be in his
craft. At the same time we show such
contempt for the intelligence of the in
dividual teacher that her work is ex-
actly planned for her, as if the school
were a factory and she a factory hand
on piece work. Yet, if the teachers GER
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20
pv FRANCES DUNCAN MANNING

TT is time for that hardy annual, the
usual hue and cry about the scandal
of the Part Time schedule for
school-chldren, to make it's appearance.
In SO much as this is the result of a
lack of provision for the needs Of the
children, lack of space and lack of
schools, and especially lack of proper
attention, it is indeed scandal
But the thing itself is not an unmixed
evil. No less a person than the noted
educator G. Stanley Hall has said-nay,
asseverated and backed up his assevera-
tons with statistics and records and
authenticated testimony-that children
learn more in three hours than they do in
five; that in the last two hours they
make mistakes, get wrong impressions,
and do work that has to be done over and
corrected next day. Another bad result
of long hours is that the child's instinct
Of representation teaches him not to
concentrate. Three hours of concentrated
work, even with the recess period, is en-
hausting enough for any one. The two
additional hours of work when he is
tired make the child save himself and
take all his work more easily-and more
lnertly; which is an unfortunate thing to
lpavn
New-York tribune., 1918-10-20
Home Work and
The Working Mother

The longer hours Of the old-f4s shioned
district school"-nine until four-al-
though far too long, were not SO exhaust
ing to child, because close attention was
not expected of him all the time. He
was supposed to learn his next days les
sons while others were reciting; he could
study what he chose-provided he was
prepared when reciting time came; and
# he had not energy enough for arith-
metlc, he could look over his reading les
son, or an interesting part in his geog-
raphy, or draw map. Books were al