davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
CAUSE OF DISEASED UDDERS
Traced to One Cow in Herd
Cases of Sore Throat.

Dairymen have occasionally been
puzzled by bitter taste and rancid
smell in milk, produced under sani-
tary conditions. 1t has been found
that such conditions can arise from
one cow in the herd with diseased
udder and a bacterium has been iso-
lated as the immediate cause i'm the
milk. The bacterium credited as the
disturbing factor Is said to belong to
the group lactis aerogenes. On farm
in Wisconsin they found three cows af-
fected with mastitis to which was
traced the cause of 200 cases of severe
sore throat among the persons using
milk from the herd.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
WATCH CLOSE FOR CLINGERS
Dried-Up, Diseased Fruits That Stick
to Branches Garry Disease Over
Until Spring.

1t is not enough to destroy all Of the
nsect-laden and fungous-disease-in-
tested fruit that drops before or during
fruit harvest by feeding same to the
hogs, sheep, or other stock. There are
quite often dried-up, diseased fruits
that cling to the branches, for weeks
after harvest-time, which carry the
spores (germs) Of disease over until
spring and then scatter them broad
cast by wind, insects, and birds. There
is just as much in preventing trouble
as curing It.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
PERSONAL ATTENTION TO
PIGS WILL REDUCE
HIGH MORTALITY.

Faithful, personal attention to
the sows at narrowing time, even
though it means long hours of
hard work by day and by night,
is the only assurance that the
1918 war filters can be made to-
reach the necessary high aver
age. The hog grower who is on
the job at this season will be
able to save the lives Of many
pigs that might otherwise perish
in passing through the hazards
OF the first few days. In ex-
tremely cold weather the pigs
will be in danger of chilling I'M
less the hog house is heated.
TO remedy this, place a few
heated bricks in the bottom of
a basket or small box. Cover
with chaff or straw and put a
cloth over the top to keep in
the heat. Unless the sow OBJ
jects too seriously the pigs may
be rubbed dry with a soft cloth
and placed in a receptacle as
fast as they arrive. The de-
tails of attention which the SOW
and the pigs need at narrowing
time are set forth in a recently
revised publication Of the Unit
ed States Department of Agri-
culture, Swine Management"
Farmers Bulletin S74.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22

>xsf+*tTFET%TFTT'T y
sage. Bake in fairly hot oven until
brown.
Scalloped Potatoes and Cheese.
Arrange a layer OF sliced raw or
boiled potatoes in creased baking dish
and sprinkle with grated cheese and a
little flour Repeat until dish is near
ly full. Pour milk over the whole,
about one-half cupful to every three
potatoes. Skim milk is good. Bake
in moderate oven until done. The
length of time required depends upon
whether the potatoes are raw or
boiled and whether the baking dish
used is deep or shallow. Boiled pota-
toes baked in a shallow dish will take
only 20 minutes. Raw potatoes in a
deep dish may take as much as one
and one-half hours.
Potato Puffs.
/ cupful hot mashed and dash of pap
potatoes, well sea- rika.
soned. u teaspoonfu pars-
egg. ley. chopped fine
Beat yolk into the mashed potatoes
and add seasonings. Beat the white
Of egg very stiff and fold into the po-
tatoes. Drop by spoonfuls on creased
pan and bake until golden brown.
Shepherds Pie.
Grease baking dish; cover the bot
tom with mashed potatoes. Add
minced meat or fish seasoned well
and mixed with the thickened meat
stock or with white sauce. Pile the
mashed potatoes lightly over the top
to cover. Bake i'm oven 20 to 30
minutes until delicate brown on top.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
RECORD POTATO CROP MUST
BE CONSUMED OR WASTED

Our potato crop last year is
estimated to have been Az, $780,
600 bushels-the largest ever
produced in the United States.
This crop cannot be carried over
the 1913 season. 1t must be con-
sumed or wasted. The food stu
alton throughout the world de-
mands that 1t be consumed eff
fectively to relieve the existing
strain on the supply of cereals.
II Is the one great food resource
Of the world upon which there is
now danger Of heavy loss.
The department of agriculture
Is of the opinion that the situa-
ton demands that farmers sell
freely; that the larger dealers
move their stocks rapidly; that
the retailer content himself with
the smallest possible margin of
profit, realizing that he Is now
the most important factor In
speeding up potato consumption;
and that consumers buy and eat
literally Of this plentiful food.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
aim TO REDUCE
Pig MORTALITY
Serious Attention Demanded at
narrowing Time to Save
LitterS This Year.
FEEDING S0WS IS IMPORTANT
Get Plans of Practicable Hog House
From Federal or State Sources
Good Quarters Are One Of
Best investments.
Save the war littersl

Save the war littersi
Every owner of brood sow, wheth-
er he lives on large farm and has
many, or whether he is q suburbanite
and owns one, should feel a personal
responsibility to see that the pig lit
tiers born this spring are received
with the utmost care. That means the
matter of providing proper housing
for the brood sows, and their young
should have immediate attention. Saw
ing every pig possible in order that
one of the most urgent war needs of
the nation-more pork-can be sup
piled, should be the aim of every man
who owns hogs.
The high mortality among young
pigs in some parts of the country can
be materially reduced If proper hous-
ing and feed are provided for the sows.
Investigations of the mortality among
pigs on the reclamation projects show
that approximately one-third of the
pigs born die before reaching the wean-
ing age. Losses on several northern
projects last season were even above
this average because of a severe sea-
son. According TO one investigation
which covered about fifty herds, repre-
sent.ng $50 brood sows, the average
loss was about SO per cent, while some
farmers lost so to 20 per cent of the
pigs.
Death Rate Is Large.
That the average death rate of
young pigs, not only on the projects,
but elsewhere, is unnecessarily large,
and that losses are in large measure
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22

him to boil potato. Even the best
potato can be spoiled by poor cook
To boil them so that they will be eft
for a king" drop the unpeeled potatoes
into boiling sailed water and cook 20
to 30 minutes. Drain the water off at
once. If they are cooked too long or
allowed to stand in the water they
get soggy.
PeeIing Is WastefuI.
IL you peel the potatoes before cook
ing them you will waste time and po-
tatoes both. You may throw away a
sixth or even q quarter of the good
part of the potato with the skins. Also,
If the potatoes aren't covered up by
the skins while cooking, some of the
valuable material will soak out into
the water. Even very small potatoes
can be economically used, IL they are
boiled in their skins.
For best mashed potatoes: Peel the
boiled potatoes, mash and beat until
very light, adding salt, butter or oleo-
margarine and hot milk, half cup of
milk to six potatoes.
Potato sausages.
! f suptul mashed po-ln s.,t teasDooonfuls
cupful ground " teaspoonful pep
nuts, fish, or meat. per.
l egg. well beaten. Salt pork, bacon, or
other fat.
Mix the mashed potatoes and sea-
sonings with the ground nuts, fish or
meat. Add beaten egg. Form into
little cakes Of sausages, roll in flour
and place In creased pan with small
piece of fat or salt pork on each sau-
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
SAVE A LITTLE
SUGAR TODAY.
Use Sweet Fruits.

Sugar consumption in many
households can be easily low
cred not only by giving prefer
ence TO dishes which contain lit
tie sugar or with which sugar
is not usually served, but also
by the use of sweet fruits. For
instance, fresh fruits or baked
apples may serve instead of
sweet buildings, or a salad in
place of dessert. Sweet, dried
fruits such as dates, raisins or
figs served with breakfast &C.
reals will reduce the sugar
needs.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
PIG WEARS A SCANT COAT;
PROTECT HIM FROM COLD.

1t is still hard for many farm
ers to get rid of the notion that
anything is good enough for
hogs, yet there is no animal on
the farm which requires better
protection from. the cold than
the hog; none for which a good
bed is more necessary; and none
so much in need of sunshine as
the little pig. The horse and
the cow have good coats of hair
even a calf or colt left in the
cold is provided with u good
fur coat; the hens feathers are
the best of protection against
low temperature, but the hog
has almost nothing between his
skin and the weather. One of
the first requisites for success
with hogs is shelter where
young pigs can be kept warm
and well supplied with sunshine
and fresh air. A little pig takes
cold very easily and RECEIVERS
slowly if at all. To prevent TAX
ing cold he must be kept dry,
warm, away from drafts and
provided with fresh air. There
is a publication of the United
States department of agricul-
ture which tells how to provide
quarters that will give hogs,
both young and old, all the COM
forts they need. 1t is Farmers
Bulletin 43S, "Hog Houses" If
you have the welfare of pigs or
hogs in your charge, send for it.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
PREVENT PEACH LEAF CURL
Best Plan Is to Spray Trees While IL
Dormant condltlon-Use Boiled
Lime-Sulphur.

The method almost universally in
Use as a means Of preventing peach
leaf curl is that of spraying the trees
while In the dormant condition. A
number of sprays so applied will give
almost perfect control. but the one
commonly used is boiled lime-sulphur.
as 1t is also effective In controlling
the San Jose scale.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
MUST RAISE DAIRY CALVES
To Increaee Number Of Cows Il Is Adj
visabIe That Farmers Begin
Raising Their Own.

If we are to increase the number
of cows, as seems advisable, some
farmers must raise calves of the dairy
type. 1t Is hoped that many farmers
will decide to begin raising cows and
producing dairy products. The first
essential will be food for the family,
then surplus to sell, then soil fer
tility which will be possible where
cows are kept.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
BREEDING AGE FOR HEiFERS
Time Depends Largely on Develop
ment and Season of Year Cool
Season Is Favored.

The age at which helfers should
freshen depends largely upon their
development and the season when 1t is
desired to have most of the cows
freshen. Although the larger breeds
do not mature at so early i'm age as the
smaller ones, in most eases it is pos
sible by liberal feeding to obtain sufii-
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
Hold to Breeding Stock.

Every farmer should hold fast to his
breeding stock and raise two filters of
pigs year from each brood SOW. This
is the patriotic thing to do, and will
doubtless prove .hic''v profitable a,
u-~t'
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
AVOID FILTH IN CALF PENS
Important That Young Animal Have
Clean StaIi-and Dry Bedding
Dirt Breeds Disease.

Many of the troubles that the calves
of this country are heir to can be
traced directly to unclean surround
ings. The calf should have clean..
dry stall, clean pals from which to.
eat and clean, dry bedding all the time.i
Filth breeds disease more quickly in
the calf pen than anywhere else.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22

preventable, Is the belief of the Off
Gals of the department of agriculture.
To remedy this situation in time to
prevent heavy losses In the next pig
crop. the department urges immediate
preparation along two lines-provid-
ing satisfactory houses for the brood
aniraals at narrowing time and better
mar agement and feeding of the sows
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
Satisfactory Houses.

The satisfactory hog house provides
warmth. dryness, abundance of light,
ventilation, sanitation, and comfort.
To meet these requirements the house
need not be expensive. AS matter Of
fact, many expensive hog houses are
not satisfactory, because they do not
possess all these requirements, while
many less expensive ones properly
planned and built give excellent salts
faction. Information as to details and
suggested plans of buildings may be
obtained from field representatives Of
the department Of agriculture or from
the state agricultural colleges.
The care given the brood SOW, es-
pecially in her feeding, is equally i'm
portant. Help on this point can be OBJ
tanned from bulletins which state ag-
ricultural colleges or the u. s. depart
ment Of agriculture will furnish.
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
CHAIN BRACE ON APPLE TREE
Screws May Be frightened to
Hold Limb Firmly.

A big fruit crop is likely to mean
n good many injured trees from limbs
breaking and splitting off under the
load of frlit. Propped-up limbs are
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
POTATOES % WAYS
DO YOU KNOW OTHERS?

1t is said that there are more
than 100 ways to cook potatoes,
from the primitive (and still
probably the besD methods of
boiling or baking with the skins
on, to the most complex and
seasoned dishes. Here are some
of the ways known to the
United States department of ag-
riculture. Have you tried them
all, or do you know about as
many more?
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22

both before and after the pigs are
born.
1t has been found that the larger
losses usually occur on farms where
the housing facilities are poor. In
one investigation it was learned that
where good hog houses were used,
the average number of pigs raised in
a litter was 81, while on farms where
the housing was poor the average num-
Der reared from each litter was only
3 lilo. The average saving, therefore
where good houses were used, amount
ed to more than two pigs to the litter.
There are many kinds of satisfac-
tory hog houses which can be built at
comparatively low cost. Anyone of
these will soon pay for itself in the in
creased number of pigs saved. Both
the individual house and the colony
hog house have place on the hog
farm. Both give very satisfactory re-
suits If they are properly constructed.
If only one can be had the colony
house usually is to be preferred, es-
pecially where large number of sows
are to be kept. The narrowing period
usually extends over several weeks If
there are many sows. In such cases
each pen in the house may be used for
two or more sows during the period.
Assuming that two sows use pen and
that by reason Of the satisfactory quar-
tiers provided two additional pigs are
saved i'm each litter, it would not be
long until the hog house paid for it.
self. Good quarters are one Of the
best investments the swine grower can
make
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
Death Rate Is LARGE.

That the average death rate Of
young pigs, not only on the projects,
but elsewhere, is unnecessarily large,
and that losses are in large measure
The Clio messenger. (Clio, Mich.) 1907-current, 1918-02-22
scaIIoped Potatoes and Cheese.

sage. Bake in fairly hot oven until
The Prince George's enquirer and southern Maryland advertiser. (Upper Marlborough, Md.) 1882-1925, 1918-10-04
GIVEN HONOR NOT DESERVED
Error of Learned Men Responsible for
America Being Named After
Amerigo Vespucci.

The story of how the new world re-
ceived the name of America Is strik-
ing example of what publicity will ac-
complish. Amerigo Vespucci, highly
educated Florentine, was head of
business house in Seville, Spain, prob
ably as agent for the great trading
firm of the Medicis, and helped to lit
out one of the expeditions with which
Columbus sailed. When the latter's
monopoly was revoked, Vespucci I'M
dertook several voyages of exploration
on his own accoul :, during which he
claimed in many letters to have been
the first to reach the mainland of the
new continent, giving the date as June,
16, 1897.
On April %, 1907, the learned heads
of the University of st. Die, in Lor-
raine, decided, incorrectly, that he was
entitled to the honor Of discovery, Co
lumbus having only reached the
islands of the West Indies, and that
the western hemisphere should bear
his name. The name America was,
therefore, first used in the book Cos
mographiae Introductio," by Martin
Waldseemuller, professor Of cosmog-
raphy at the university.
1t has since been shown that YES
pucci was preceded by both Columbus
and John Cabot, but it was too late,
the new world had been christened
America and the fact advertised In
print. The house where the meeting
was held at which the classical error
was made was still standing at st. Die
at the outbreak of the war, and was
annually visited by many tourists from
both North and South America.
The Prince George's enquirer and southern Maryland advertiser. (Upper Marlborough, Md.) 1882-1925, 1918-10-04
Just a Flower.

Here comes a market basket filled
with meat potatoes, turnips, onions,
cauliflowers and radishes, a substan-
tial supply for the hungry household,
but peeping out from these varied table
needs is flower, blooming from a
little pot down among the potatoes.
What a world Of melody its happy
presence impels! There is a soul in
that family desire sure enough. We
looked at the good woman who carried
the basket and saw in her countenance
something fairer than appetite; a sense
of beauty that put I smile on her face
and a goodness in her heart. That was
a sign of the love that she had for her
family responsibility; somewhat to
grace the table and lend q charm to
the family life. Amid the dull neces-
stiles Of life she had planted a little
flower. What radiance it would bring
to her modest household, and how God
would thank her for it!-Columbus 1t
Ohio State Journal.
The Prince George's enquirer and southern Maryland advertiser. (Upper Marlborough, Md.) 1882-1925, 1918-10-04

During the whole interview we
were left entirely alone, which i'm
pressed me as significant of the dem
ocratic manner of the present king
of England, and / certainly came
away with the utmost respect for him.
In all my conversation, l recalled
afterwards, 1 never addressed the
king as "Your Majesty" but used the
military "sir." AS was a British Of
ficer and he was the head of the army,
he probably appreciated this manner
of address more than if 1 had used
the usual "Your Majesty" Perhaps
he attributed it to the fact that l
was an American. At any rate, he
didn't evince any displeasure at my
departure from what I understand is
the usual form of address.
Before 1 left he asked me what my
plans for the future were.
"Why, sir, 1 hope to rejoin my
squadron at the earliest possible mo-
ment!" 1 replied.
"No, Leftenant," he rejoined, "that
is out of the question. We can't risk
losing you for good by sending you
back to a part of the front opposed
by Germans, because If you were un-
fortunate enough to be captured
again they would undoubtedly shoot
you"
"Well, If I can't serve in France,
SIR" i suggested, wouldn't it be feas-
ible for me to fly in Italy or Salon
ica?"
NO" he replied, "that would be
almost as bad. The only thing that
can suggest for you to do is either
to take up instruction-a very valu-
able form of service-or perhaps 1t
might be safe enough for you to
serve in Egypt, but just at present,
leftenant, 1 think you have done
enough anyway"
Then he rose and shook hands with
me and wished me the best of luck,
and we both said "Good-by."
In the adjoining room 1 met Earl
Cromer again, and as he accompanied
me to the door seemed to be surprised
at the length of my visit.
AS I left the palace a policeman
and a sentry outside came smartly to
attention. Perhaps they figured l had
been made a general.
AS 1 was riding back to the hotel
in a taxi 1 reflected on the remark
able course of events which in the
short space of nine months had taken
mo thrOuph en- u,uch and ended m
like the finish of a book, with my be-
The Prince George's enquirer and southern Maryland advertiser. (Upper Marlborough, Md.) 1882-1925, 1918-10-04
KEEP HIM REASONABLY BUSY
Preacher Serving in Y. M. c. A. "Hut"
in Training Camp Finds His
Duties Many and Varied.

If there is a notion that Y. M. G. A.
work in the camps consists in selling
stamps and handing out pocket testa-
ments, let it be dissipated at once.
One preacher, serving in hut In
New Jersey camp, reports that he has
done almost everything under the sun
except preach.
He has built fires, swept floors,
looked after hundreds Of packages OF
laundry, umpires basketball games, or
ganized a glee club, stage-managed
circus, sold ice cream at the canteen,
and driven a flivver ten miles and
back three times q week to provide
said cream. He has written letters
home for boys who could not write,
and he has taught those same boys
their first lessons in the English lam
guage. He has been a repository for
hundreds of heart secrets, and he has
served as trustee for the care of as
many as thirty Liberty bonds at q
time.
Perhaps oldest of his many tasks
was one that came his way on a wild
and stormy night in April. when the
master of arms at the military station
entered the "Y" hut after taps, carry
ing a red box under his arm.
"Say," said the master of arms,
"we've got a lot Of 7. N. T. mines
stored at the station. Here's the det-
onators, in this box. There's consid-
erable lightning around, and it isn't
safe to leave these things close to the
mines Would you just as soon take
care of the box over night?"
The Red Triangle man slept that
night Cor tried to sleep) with enough
high explosive under his cot to blow
him half way to heaven.
The Prince George's enquirer and southern Maryland advertiser. (Upper Marlborough, Md.) 1882-1925, 1918-10-04
Raise Rabbits for Meat.

Rabbits, which have proved valu'
able food source in Europe during the
present war, may well be raised more
extensively in America to reduce the
drain on the the ordinary meat sup
ply, according to biologists of the
o. S. department Of agriculture. The
animals may be raised in back yards
Of cities and towns as well as on
farms.
The Belgian and Flemish giant rab.
bits are recommended for meat pro.
duction, as the ordinary tame rabbit
is smaller and develops more slowly.
Rabbits are easily kept. They eat
hay, grass, lawn cuttings and green
vegetation Of many kinds.
The department has published a bull
letin on raising rabbits, which will be
helpful to persons who wish to engage
in this pursuit.