davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1918-10-20

to pieces by assassins in the streets of
Sofia. With characteristic caution Ferdi-
nand was absent from Bulgaria at the
time, but he is generally credited with
having had an understanding with the
assassins.
The successful Balkan war Of 1908, in
which Bulgaria played such a brilliant
role against Turkey, gave Ferdinand i'm
mensely increased prestige. 1t is true that
he kept far from danger, but he supported
the winning side and took the greatest
possible profit from the outcome.
As a result of this war Ferdinand was
able to assume the title Car, which is
translated King in this instance. He had
ordered in Germany long in advance a
splendid crown of Byzantine design with
which he intended to be crowned, but &C.
clesiastical reasons prevented a formal
coronation.
Dreams Of reigning in Constantinople
then surged through his cunning, coward
ly brain. The later events that have so
completely and dramatically dissipated
those dreams have already been told.
The forces that have driven Ferdinand
into disgrace and exile have removed
from power one Of the most perfect royal
scoundrels who has ever burdene' 0oor
humanity.
The Washington times., 1918-10-20

sensual disposition, a timorous charac-
ter and physical feebleness prevented him
from making favorable public impression.
For many years his chief successes were
gained in the greenrooms of the theatres.
He rouged his sallow face and corseted
his flabby figure.
Here 1t may be remarked that similar
characteristics are noticeable in other
members Of his family. One Of his broth
ers is Prince Philip of Coburg. who mar
ried Louise of Belgium and ill-treated her
abominably, causing her to be imprisoned
in a lunatic asylum without justification.
In 1886 the uneasy throne Of Bulgaria
became vacant through the kidnapping Of
Prince Alexander by a band of Russian
adherents. The independence of Bulgaria
had only been established in 1878 through
the efforts Of Russia, Rumania and Serbia.
The horrible atrocities committed by the
Turks on their Bulgarian vassals formed
the subject of one of Mr.. Gladstone's most
celebrated oratorical campaigns.
After Prince Alexander's disappearance
the throne of Bulgaria remained vacant for
a year, no one caring or daring to take 1t.
Then old Princess Clementine thought that
here was an opportunity for her son Ferdi-
nand to make great position Tor hlmsen
and shed distinction on the cause of mon
archy everywhere. She supplied him with
ample funds to support his ambition from
the immense fortune her family had saved
at the time of its political downfall in
France.
Ferdinand was timid and would not act
until he was quite sure the situation was
safe. Having assured himself that there
would be no violence from any quarter he
was installed as sovereign Prince of Bull
garia at Sofia on July Z, 1887.
For several years Ferdinand was not
recognized as ruler Of Bulgaria by any Of
the Powers. Chiefly by assiduous toady-
ing to the German Kaiser and the Austrian
Emperor, he achieved this ambition at
last.
AS an example of Ferdinand's good taste
it is mentioned that in order to ingratiate
himself with the Emperor of Austria he
presented to that monarch's favorite,
Madame Katti Schratt, a magnificent pair
of diamond earrings which had belonged
to his mother, the Princess Clementine,
then recently dead.
Ferdinand was married shortly after he
Grvat Britain Rights Reserved.
The Washington times., 1918-10-20

at Constantinople and wearing the purple
and gold robe of the great Justinian.
But while he dreamed he seized every
opportunity of making solid profits Be-
fore the war he bought up vast quantities
Of food stuffs in Bulgaria and surround
ing countries, which he was able to sell at
high prices to the Germans. At the same
time he had bought quantities of clothing
and manufactured good on credit in Ger
many, and these he was able to sell at ex-
orbitant prices to the 3ulgarians. There
has been no more successful profteer in
the war than Ferdinand of Bulgaria
This system. continued for three years.
reduced the Bulgarians to universal
misery and starvation. NJ. Stambuliwsky,
head of the Peasants (or Agrarian) Party,
and other politicians who opposed Ferdi-
nand's policies were sent to jail for life.
A vigorous offensive by the Allies against
the starving Bulgarians proved the last
straw. The Bulgarians made unconditional
surrender to the Allies and King Ferdinand
exposed as a cheat, profiteer, and worst
of all failure fled from the wrath of the
enraged Bulgarian nation. The fate of
the Gar of Russia was in his mind and
FASTENED his departure.
The previous history of this fallen and
discredited monarch is interesting. He
was born in 1861. the son of Prince Angus
tus of Saxe-COburg-G -Gotha and Princess
Clementine of Orleans, daughter Of King
Louis Philippe of France, who was deposed
from his throne in 1848.
1t is interesting to recall that Ferdi-
nand's grandfather, Prince Ferdinand of
Saxe-Coburg, married Antoinette Kohary,
daughter of an immensely wealthy financier
not of royal or noble birth. Old Mr.
Kohary left all his wealth to the Sake
COburgs on condition that they should add
Kohary to their family name, but after
few years they forgot this proviso.
Students of physiOgnomy believe that
King Ferdinand owes his peculiar form of
countenance to his KOhary ancestors.
Ferdinand's mother Princess Clementine
of Orleans, cherished a very bitter resent
ment against the French for driving her
father from his throne, and she trained her
son to war on democracy in every country
where he might be.
In youth Ferdinand was not a distin-
guished figure, even among the royal caste.
Copyright, 1918, by Star Company
The Washington times., 1918-10-20

THE wholesale downfall of kings,
which every good democrat expects
= will be the outcome of the world
war, has begun. The poor, weak Car of
Russia has fallen. The impudent pro-Ger-
man King Constantine of Greece preceded
him.
And now King Ferdinand of Bulgaria
has gone, too. This monarch had well
earned his nickname, "the Fox" by his
astonishing trickery and double-dealing.
Ferdinand was by no means stupid, as
many kings are, but he was unsurpassed
among the royal fraternity as a worthless,
disreputable character.
One has only to look at Ferdinand's face
to Judge his character. The fat, sensual
cheeks, the long, crafty nose, the little,
foxy eyes, point as clearly as facial char
acteristics can to a combination of treach-
cry, greco and sensuality.
It is shocking to think that this thor
oughly worthless man has had a profound
influence on the course of the world war
and has been responsible for the death Of
thousands of persons. It was through him
that Germany was able to dominate the
Balkan peninsula and to maintain her con-
troll of Turkey. These two countries COM
pleted the chain of possessions and allied
nations stretching from the North Sea to
the Persian Gulf, through which Germany
aimed to rule the world.
Many curious circumstances enabled this
man of essentially despicable character to
play such an important world role. At the
beginning Of the great war the Bulgarians
were smarting With rage at what they con-
sidered the theft of their just dues after
a series Of sanguinary wars. In 1908 Bull
garia, SerVia and Greece fought a success
full war against Turkey, in which Bulgaria
did the lions share of the fighting. In the
peace settlement Serbia and Greece took
a share OF the territory liberated from
Turkey, which Bulgaria considered un-
fairly large, and even Rumania, who had
not fought, annexed a considerable area.
Failing to obtain any satisfaction by her
protests Bulgaria went to war in 1913
against Greece Serbia and Rumania and
was beaten. During the struggle Turkey
managed to get back the important city of
Adrianople and some other territory,
which had previously been awarded to Bull
garia.
Now, the Bulgarians are a shrewd, ener-
getic people, with a strong tendency to
trickery and sharp dealing. Naturally,
they hate uncommoDly to be cheated them
selves. At the beginning Of the great war
the crafty Ferdinand told them, or, at least,
those politicians among them who needed
his advice, that the time had come to OBJ
tain revenge for all their wrongs.
The Washington times., 1918-10-20

COST.
The Entente Allies were not base
enough to offer Bulgaria territory at the
expense of all her neighbors. They offered
her a rectiication of her boundaries in the
direction of Constantinople and Macedonia
AMI financial support, and in return asked
her to fight against Turkey.
Germany, on the other hand, offered Bull
garia unlimited territory at the expense
of Serbia, Greece and Rumania, financial
support, and only required her to protect
the highway to Constantinople so that
German troops could pass to the East.
During this period of dickering Ferdi-
nand was writing to his numerous friends
and relatives in France that he was de-
voted to the cause of the Entente. The
Figaro, the leading organ Of the French
aristocracy, has published one Of these let
ters. At the same time he was writing to
his still more numerous friends and rela-
tions in Germany and Austria that he was
devoted to the German cause.
For thirteen months Bulgaria waited to
make her decision. The Allied expedition
peared inevitable Germany's offer to Bull
garia was gleefully accepted.
At first the alliance with Germany full
filled the highest expectations. Bulgaria
helped herself to great slices of territory
at the expense of Greece and Serbia and
made plans for carving up Rumania.
The immediate effect of the policy was
to place King Ferdinand, the Fox" on the
pinnacle Of popularity. He was saved
from the dangerous discredit into which
he had fallen after the fiasco Of the second
Balkan war.
But as the years wore on another aspect
of the question forced itself on the Bull
garians. They were forced to keep all
their men under arms to check a great
Allied army at Saloniki The Germans
grabbed all their produce, their sheep,
grain, leather, wine, ETC., and gave them
pape' money in return. They were re-
quired to do all kinds OF fighting they had
not expected. The hated Turks were fav-
ored by the Germans, and an unsatisfac-
tory share of Rumania was allotted to Bull
garia after the Rumanian war.
Ferdinand revelled in his apparent sue
cess. He dreamed of reigning as Emperor
The Washington times., 1918-10-20

His policy was to
sit on the fence
and find out which
side would offer most
for the support of
Bulgaria.
"Obey my orders
exactly" he said to
his leading politici-
ans and subjects,
and you will win
the greatest prize Of
the war without
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
East Grand Forks Ne,Us
STATE Laws TO
Be ENFORCED
Dr.. Kirk Awaits Further
Orders From State De-
partment of Health.

Conformity to All the rules of the
state. Will be the policy Of the city au-
thorities In the coming week. At the
present time there will be no club
meetings Of any kind. Pool .nooms
haxe been closed: all unnecessary
gatherings will be scattered and al
though the city, schools haveenot been
closed, excellent precautions are be-
ing taken to prevent the spread Of
the disease.
About is cases Of Spanish influ-
enza are officially reported, and many
mild cases OF the grippe have also
Nbeen reported. A number Of these
are mot dangerous.
~ No. Church Services.
There will be no church services
in any Of the churches in>the city
Sunday, October 49,. This includes
both the Sacred Heart Catholic
church and the Mendenball Memorial
Presbyterian church. Local pastors
are underwriting to carry out the gov
eminent requirements to the best Of
their ability.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
TO BURY DEAD
AMERICANS IN
SCOTCH TOWN
Graves to Accommodate 20
Caskets Prepared For
otranto Victims.

Island of Islay, Scotland, Thursday,
Oct. 10.-(By the Associated Press.)
American dead from the troopship
Otranto will be buried in the little
churchyard at Kilchoman in wide
graves accommodating 20 bodies each.
AS rapidly as the bodies can be as
sembled from nov on they will be
buried in group of 90 in an open field
on the edge of a cliff commanding a.
wide view of the sea and directly over
looking the scene of the wreck. A me-
mortal service will be held tomorrow
at the church.
treme difficulty Of combing the
stretches of rock-bound. high Gifted
coas of the island the progress of the
searching parties is slow and it may
be many days before the bodies of all
the victims are ]ecovered
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
HARRY OPPEDAHL
DIES AFTER 4
DAY ILLNESS
Was Born in Norway-Had
Resided Here For
80 Years.

Harry oppedahl, aged - years,
died this morning at a Grand Forks
hospital after an illness Of but a
week. Mr.. Oppedahl has been suffer-
ing considerably from liver and stom-
ach trouble and the general opinion
is that pneumonia set in and fastened
his death.
Harry oppedahl was born in Nor
way. came to this city about thirty
years ago and has since resided here,
a respected, and prominent man. He
was a member of the Eagles lodge
and belonged to the Sons Of Norway.
Besides his wife, the deceased
leaves q brother, Hing Oppedahl, liv.
ing in. Duluth, and a sister living in
Iowa, both of whom are expected for
the funeral. Funeral arrangements
will be made later.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
Mrs. hANSTE'D
DIED DIED TODAY
Funeral Will Probably
Be Held on
i Tuesday.

Mrs. Haakon Hansted, !712 south
Third street, died OF pneumonia at
2 local hospital this morning, after
having been i'll. for about nine days.
Last Sunday she was taken to the
hospital. and from time to time dur
ing the week it. looked as though she
would be able to recover, The pneu-
monia developed from an: attack OF
Spanish influenza.
Mrs. Hansted. whose maiden name
was Inga Hansen, was born In Nor-
way 80 years ago, had lived here for
about Is years, and was married in
1908. She was a prominent member
OF he Gyda lodge, Daughters of
Norway, and was at one time the
leader of the lodges drill team.
The only Immediate relatives in
this country ar Haakon Hansted,
the husband Of the deceased. and her
sister. Mrs. Anna Jensen, Of North
wood. Other relatives are living IN
Norway.
It is thought that the funeral will
take place Tuesday afternoon from,
the Hansted home on South Third
street, >but definite announcements
have not been made.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
Niece OF Local Woman
Dies OF Fatal Disease

Word was received in the city tell
ing Of the death of Sara Kerby, niece
Of Mrs. John Mcnamara Of this city.
Death occurred IN a Fargo hospital
following an attack Of pneumonia re-
sulting from Spanish influenza.
The deceased was we'll known here,
having visited at the Mcnamara home
in the city at various times. She was
%. years of age and had been rudy
and healthy all her life. A sister,
Kathrine Kerby, who has been at
tending St. James academy, left for
Fargo, where the funeral was held
this morning. ,
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12

gunners fired their weapons here over
open sites. Luckily their aim was not
as good as it might have been.
South Of here the British and
French have driven deeply into the
enemy. territory and the French now
control a long strip Of the west bank
OF the Disc canal. British advanced
patrols also had reached the canal
bank at Longchamps but they had
made too rapid progress and conse-
quently returned.
The British by their drive launched
| morning on the northern fringe
of the battle area now are operating
we'll on the other side of the Scarpe
river and have reached positions les,
than 3 IL miles from the important
center of Douai. The troops are driv.
ing northeasterly toward this city and
ut the same time are widening, the al
ready wide salient which had been
made in the German former positions
There are strong indications that the
Germans realize they must get out OF
the entire Douai salient.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
EAST SIDE BRIEFS

Twelve stars are being added to the
Sacred Heart church service flag
which now--has sixty nine, making
e%ighty-one stars in all.
Persons wishing to make applica-
ton for the position>of teacher in the
schools at Linton, N. D., are asked to
write to the school superintendent OF
Mercer county.
Mr.. and Mrs. E.s T. Torgeson of
England are the parents of a baby
boy born Friday morning.
Julia Thompson Of England re-
turned to her home from Crookston,
where she had gone to attend the
Polk county teachers institute. which
was called off when tho clder to dis
miss all meetings was passed. Miss
Thompson is 'an<instructor in the Men
tor city school. "
Max Snyder, former resident here,
arrived in the city last evening from
Fargo, where he has been visiting for
a short time. He will remain for the
weekend, returning to his home
Monday.
Joe Raymond and two sons are re-
ported to be i'll at their home on Park
street. A mild case of "flu" is given
as the cause.
Minnie Yanks Of this city returned
yesterday from Crookston, where she
had attended the sessions of the
teachers meeting.
Mrs. F. L. Crawford Of this city.
former resident Of Bottineau, is i'll in
a local hospital with Spanish in
fiuenza. z
Leonard Yelle Of Grafton arrived in
the city, and is a guest at the Phil
Yelle farm residence, near the city.
GLADYS Berg Of the zeidl,k apart
ments is confined to her home with a
slight attack Of la grippe.
Mrs. A. Hand of Bend. Ore, is a
guest at the home OF Mr.. and Mrs. Err
nest Rytter OF North Second street.
Mrs. Hand will visit with her mother,
Mrs. p. T. Kallock. at Oslo, before
leaving for California, where she will
spend the winter.
The Royal Neighbors. who hold
their meetings Monday evenings, will
not meet Monday evening", in compli-
ance with the epidemic precautions.
TzaA So H-NE 49, ~ -HE-H Ar I@-
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
EPIDEMIC PASSES
CREST IN MANY y
- u. ~S.-COMMUNITIES

Washington, Oct. 12.-while re-
ports from all parts of the United
States to the public health service to-
day show the in1u>1za epidemic as
and other Massac husetts communities
and at Norfolk and Portsmouth. Va,
that-tho disease has passed its crest.
II. was held Mgntfcant as these points
are the first atS which. the epidemic
got & foothold after coming across che
Atlantic.
Cases now are appearing in South
Dakota while In Minnesota and other
western statex the disease is wide
spread.N
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
Woman Rakes Field;
Gathers Over 500

After the heldhad been cut, shocked
and threshed. to have some one re-
peat the process and make $1O7, is
the unusual experience Of a, farmer
residing neal the city.
Mrs. j. G.. Banks raked a wheat
field Of $50 acres and gathered wheat
which when threshed netted her the
to show farmersA that with more care
they will be able to save many a dol
lars worth of grain.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
TWO DEATHS IN GREEN BAY.

Green Bay, Wis, Oct. 1.-TWO
more deaths. making the total of ten
in Green Bay as the result of Spanish
influenza effects. have been reported
during the last "a hours, but there are
few new cases. Seven members of the
fire department, including the chief
and his assistants, are i'll with in1u-
enza or bad colds. A mandatory order
closing churches has been issued.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
Evacuatine valencdennes.

With the Anglo-American Forces on
the V~alenciennes Front, Oct. 1.-THE
evacuation Of the city Of valenciennes
itself was started three weeks ago.
Prisoners captured today said. >they
had orders to hold on to the last and
to kill as many Britons and Americans
as possible. ~ 4
It is expected the German resistance
termined until the first phase of the
withdrawal in the Douai sector vs.
completed. There are Indications that
the enemy4also Is contemplating with
drawals on q large scale elsewhere.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
BUNS Prepare for Big Fight.

With the Anglo-American Forces
on the val%enciennes Front, Oct. IL
(morning). (By the Associated
Press.)-There was every evidence
today that the Germans were prepar-
ing to make a strong stand on the
V%alenciennes line. which now has
keen reached. at least east of the river
Selle, by the Anglo-American forces.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
MANY ILL.

WinoDa, Mimi, Oct. 12.-with 4so
out of the 500 pupils who attend st.
,Stanislaus Polish schoohill with, Span
ish influenza, the school has been
closed until the Flu" epidemic is
over. With two deaths reported in
the last "a hours. the influenza cpl
demic here has reached a serious
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
Chica9o DdetrdufA

districts total, not Including today.s
subscription. is &377,466,o 900 divided
as follows:
Cook county, Ill, including Chicago,
$50. 181,00o illinois outside, OF Cook
county, S$69.404, 900; Iowa, $71,137,-
o0O: Michigan. $5s,199,000; northern
Indiana, $64,550.000: Wisconsin, $40,-
s995 900. ssgst
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
Members Of Presbyterian
Church Are Asked To Read
Chapter In Bible Sunday

In compliance with the order of the
health authorities t hat all public
gatherings be suspended to check the,
spread Of the epidemic, there will be
no session Of the Sunday school and
no service of worship and preaching
at the Mendenhall Presbyterian
church Sunday morning. 1t is sug-
gested that all who attend this church
read chapter twelve of the gospel ac-
cording to Mark at the regular church
hour on Sunday morning.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
WEDDING ANNOUNCEMENT.

Mr.. and Mrs. John Yelle of Grafton
the marriage of their daugh-
Barge, son Of Mrs. D. LeBarge Of this
city. The marriage will take place
Tuesday, October Is, at 8 o'clock. at
St. Johns church in Grafton. Only
the immediate relatives and friends
will be present at the ceremony due
to the recent health restrictions.
Father Turcott will perform the cere-
nnonv
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12

Miss Norton is general secretary
and head of the community center
work in the public schools in Wash
ington and chairman of a committee
of the Washington chamber of COM
merce. AS both of these organiza-
lions are leading the war relief work
in the national capital, Miss Norton
is playing a leading part also.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12

Canning Sugar Used Up-The new
order issued from the federal food de-
pertinent at Washington, stating that
there would be no October allotment
for canning sugar in this state, will
be enforced BY retailers. The mer-
chants are in-no way accountable for
the condition, but will not be able to
sell sugar from the household allot-
ment as this amount has also been re-
duced about IS per cent. "a,
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12
Advance on Douai Continues,

British Headquarters in France,
Oct. 12e-(!Reuters).-Britis advance
in little more than a mile of the out
skirts OF Douai. The advance from
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12

Family From Aneta-N. A. Klaster
and family OF Aneta, N. D., arrived in
the city and will visit here for a short
time before returning to their home.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12

Women Not to Meet-In compliance
with the order forbidding public
gatherings the Yeomen here will not
hold their regular meeting Monday.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12

Spanish "F1u"-Prevent 1T; spray
.vnose, ,gargle throat with Microba-
aall-sood druggists, or II South Fourth
ct, Grand Forks, N. D.-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-10-12

The residence Of ". A. Fulkerson
at Southam, Ramsey county, was
burned. with most of it's contents.
Some of the furniture, including a
piano, was saved.