davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1918-06-12
With The Paragraphers

such dyestufs. and certain drugs, which our own
manufacturers have been slowly building up under the
wars removal OF German competition, will be instantly
mensced, soon communications once more
opened up, by goods which the German manufacturers
will give away in order TO get their trade back And
against this future dumping Congress is doing nothing
effective yet. After getting into ptifuh predca
men because It would prepare for war Congress
evidently willing 10 leave in state Of industrial
helplessness because it will not prepare for peaceThe
Protectionist.
It seems incredible that the Administration with all
its skill in popular psychology would get fatuous
to intern General Leonard Wood for political reasons A
martyr may be dangerous than hero. And yet,
political ntuitions most likely to go wrong
moments Of supreme confidence cannot be sure.
New York Tribune
Evening journal., 1918-06-12
BY MILTON BRoNNER
Special SIAN Dispatch.

Special Stan Dispatch.
WASHINGTON, June i2.-America's 8
coal problem Is one of transportation.
There's plenty Of coal, but there are
no storage places above ground at the
mines, and production is limited by the
number Of cars the railroads deliver.
The railroads are short OF cars, but
the big trouble ia lack Of centralized
control
You can't have coal without trans
portatlon and you can't have transpor-
tatlon without COAL
lt would seem logical to have coal
production. distribution and transpor-
tation all centered IN one mans hands
As It is now, the Fuel Adminlstra-
tlon has nothing TO do with the or
dering OF coal cars 10 the mines. IL
has advisers in the railroad admlnls-
tratlon offices, but they are merely adj
visers. They have no mandatory pow
ers. And mandatory powers are pre-
cisely what are needed There should
be some one person who would have
the power TO say;
Evening journal., 1918-06-12

(By Newspaper Enterprise ASSN
LONDON, June t2.-Horrors Of war
continue to pile up. The latest and most
excruciating Of all is about to hit the
English people-they're going TO be put
on tea rations
Gosh, how we hate the Kaiserl
Lord Rhondda, the food controller,
Evening journal., 1918-06-12
CALL STUDENTS TO FARMS

Mrs. E. S. Slater, examiner and field
service expert Of the United States De-
partment Of Labor, addressed the High
School students this morning upon op-
portunities opened TO young people to
engage in profitable labor this summer
and at the same time to perform a pa
triotic duty TO their country by work
ing on farms or elsewhere. She will
speak to the public and parochial
schools during her stay in the city, on
the same subject
Mrs. Slater is appearing for the U. s.
Employment Service at Sixth and King
streets.
Evening journal., 1918-06-12
Horrors! All Britain TO Go on Tea Rafions

has decided that customers beginning
July IL must register with retailers for
the purchase Of tea throughout Great
Britain. He is considering whether this
order should be accompanied by one ap-
portionlng the amounts Of tea TO be
sold.
In some parts of the country the
Evening journal., 1918-06-12

90 " AAA1 - wi 80
operation, | cannot
say enough in praise
oft. Isuffered from
organic troubles and
my side hurt me so
/ could hardly be up
from my bed, and /
was unable 10 do my
housework. / had
the best doctors in
Eau Claire and they
wanted me TO have
an operation, but
lydia II. Pinkham 9
Evening journal., 1918-06-12
A ROsy OUTLOOK.

From the Laurel Register.
Well with a good peach crop in pros
pect, Strawberries here in plenty; toma-
toes on the way at $40 a ton. and other
crops maturing nicely under delightful
weather conditions, Sussex county
isn't 80 very bad Off this year. or
course we might have more politics but
politics and crops never did mix very
well Rnywey and good crops pay bet
ter all the tlme
Evening journal., 1918-06-12

Vegetable Compound cured me so | did
not need the operation, and am telling
all my friends about it Mrs. A. w.
BINzER, Black River Falls, Wis.
1t is Just such experiences as that Of
Mrs. Binzer that has made this famous
yoot and herb remedy household word
from ocean to ocean. ANY woman who
suffers from Inflammation, liberation,
displacements, backache, nervousness,
Irregularities or I" the blues" should
not rest until she has given IL trial,
and for special advice write Lydia Z.
Pinkham Medicine Co., Lynn, Mass.
Evening journal., 1918-06-12

American raids on Boche trenches may seem small
today in comparison with French and British operations
but the Battle Of Bunker Hill in the light Of
subsequent battles
Evening journal., 1918-06-12
Physicians Recommend Castoria

you know the real human doctors right around your nghbOhO
doctors made flesh and blood just like the doctors with souls and
those who responding your call the dead of night readily
the broad daylight they ready to tell you the good that Fetohes
done doing and will d from their experience and their love
for children
Fetches asto nothing We not asking you expe
just impress upon you the Importance buying Fche
physician will tell this he knows there number limitations
the Market particularly interested the welfare your baby
Evening journal., 1918-06-12

Ohio judge sentences street-losning boys to night
school instead Of workhouse, thus lending judicial
hand in saving the boy crop.
Evening journal., 1918-06-12
This WOMAN
SAVED FROM
AN OPERATION
By taking Lydia E. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound, One
of Thousands of Such Cases.

Black River Falls, Wis. -"As Lydia
=. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound
Evening journal., 1918-06-12

sckoitiveness IS good thing to acquire in connec
tion with the Thrift Stamp habit.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-02-02
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viding a channel of usefulness for the millions of men beyond military age, and for women who have wished to do their bit If those desiring to serve besiege the various branches of the Government with promiscuous of fers of volunteer work and in ways which do not conform to the Govern ments plans, they are likely to prove more troublesome than useful.
 Public Service Reserve.
 Civilian efforts to help the Govern ment must be organized and coordi- mated, and personal desires for service must be subjugated to the needs of the whole. To meet this situation the National Committee of Patriotic So- cieties adopted a plan for National Service Reserve for military and in dustrial service to solve this problem, which is now in operation and is known as the United States Public Service Reserve.
 From all sections of the country have come thousands or letters ask ing that the writers be enrolled for service. These communlcauons have been revelation of human nature. Mothers have written stating that the son who is the only support of the family is at the service of his country the moment he is needed, and that the women of the home will gladly take up the burden of livelihood when he goes. stenographers and clerks have written that they have saved little
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-02-02

Those of us who cannot give
 our services to the Army should
 do their part by seeing to it that
 our soldiers are not subjected to
 the backfire of seditious state-.b ments made by individuals in this
 country. We have almost as dan
 gerous an enemy to combat at
 home as we have across the seas.
 The time has come
 when every man must go on rec
 ord as a true patriot.
 Every citizen must be particular
 ly watchfu1 for the insidious in
 fuence which finds it's outlet
 through private conversations"
 Children Do Their Bit.
 A valuable piece of work among the children, recently undertaken by the Committee, has been in interesting school children and stimulating them to activity in connection with the Lib erty Loan. This took the form of a Liberty Loan essay contest, Over three thousand high school students sent in essays of varying degrees of ex- cellence. The ten essays selected from the collection as the best revealed mature understanding of the subject, and in thought and expression were worthy the minds of trained men and women.
 Here is an extract from one of these school child essays which goes to proEe that the war is making states men of children:
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-02-02

pontoon bridge about twenty-two hun dred feet long across the river. It required over a hundred pontoons. The current was so swift and the depth so great that several schooners had to be moored in the river to carry the upstream cables of the bridge. It was one of the most difficult tasks of the engineers during that conflict.
 The following letter written by Gen. eral Benham under whose direction the bridge was constructed to the Chief Engineer of the Army forms an interesting chapter in the use of the pontoon in warfare, and although rather lengthy it deserves a reproduc- ton. The letter is preserved in the Engineers Office at Washington, and reads as follows:
 q presume you will be glad to hear of the success of our pontoon bridge of 2,2O0 over the James River, just above Fort Powhatan, which 1 placed there on the evening of the 18th.
 About II A. M. on the 18th I re- ceived the order and was under way in half an hour, arriving at the posi- tion selected at P. M. There I found General Meade and General Weitzel, which latter had prepared the ap- breaches and had the abutments com menced. I was at once directly charged with the laying of the bridge by General Meade with the regulars to assist the volunteers, and he smiled when~I told him I should not sleep until the bridge was completed. I distributed my men at once the reg ulars at the east end, the volunteers at the west end, and company of
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-02-02
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"So the United States in spite
 of efforts to avoid participation,
 in spite of ferbearance almost to
 the point of cowardice, in spite of
 prayers for continued peace, was
 compelled to take up the sword in
 defense of its life and liberty as
 a free nation of the earth.
 All of this means money.
 Now, how is this money to be
 raised? Three ways present
 themselves: High taxes on the
 present generation; bond issues to
 pass the burden on to succeed
 ing generations; or a combina-
 ton of the two. This last was
 decided as the best and so we
 have the so-called Liberty
 Bonds the second issue of which
 is now offered" Every day the mail brings letters to the desk of the Secretary of the Ma tional Committee of Patriotic Socie- ties, from pastors, Sunday School su- perintendents and other religious lead CTS, inquiring hSw the churches can be of real service in this hour of the Nations need. Also hundreds of let ters pour in daily from every part of the country from individuals eager and anxious to do their part.
 Nothing in the present situation is more heartening than the enthusiasm of the people for the cause in which we are now enlisted" said Mir. Le-:A "Men and women everywhere are lay ing aside matters of personal interest to take up national burdens"
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-02-02

in use as bridge piers to carry am- intuition and artillery up and down the streams also as ferry boats for soldiers who were compelled to cross the river for military purposes.
 In many places in France and Bel gium where bridges had been blown up by the Germans the Allies con structed pontoon bridges to take the places of these crossings, and some of them are excellent examples of the splendid workmanship of the Royal Engineers of the British Army.
 In The Far East.
 The far east has always been par tial to pontoon bridges, and even in times of peace, they use them in place of the other types of bridges. Conse- quentIy when Sir Stanley Maude cap tured Bagdad he came into posses sion of the famous old boat bridges leading to the old part of the city. He found the pontoon bridge indis- pensable in the entire Mesopotamia' campaign, and at several stages the quick work of the engineers in throw ing boat bridges across streams and then removing them saved the day. The Turkish divisions posted on the Tigris above Kut and at the Diala po- sitions were successfully routed by the quick crossing of the river. So far the pontoon bridge has been strong enough for all purposes, but the Allies are taking no chances and perhaps before very long we shall hear of a new type of pontoon bridge, over which they may send their greatest tanks without the slightest fear of disaster
 Lack Of Pontoons Has Caused
 Failures.
 History of wars is replete with ex-
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-02-02
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amples of delays and failures due to lack of equipment and rapid construc- tion of bridges. Napoleon was victim of this when on January 14, 1874, he wrote, "If I had had ten pontoons I should have captured 10000 wagons, beaten Prince Schartsenburg in detail annihilated his army, and closed the war but for want of proper means could not cross the Seine.'
 Even generals of our own country have failed to carry out great plans from lack of pontoons. One of these instances occurred during our wTr with Mexico in 1S46. General Zachary Taylor wrote to the Adjutant General as follows: "My very limited means of crossing rivers prevented com plete prosecution of the victory of the 9th at Palo Alto. A pontoon train, | the necessity of which I exhibited to the Department last year, would have enabled the army to cross on the evening of the battle, taken the city with all the artillery and stores of the enemy, and a great number of prisoners-in short to destroy the en- tire Mexican Army" --.s.-
 The Pontoon Of Today.
 The pontoon bridge, which is part of the equipment of the United States Army consists of two forms known as the heavy and light, and each pontoon or boat is carried on wheels pulled by horses or on auto trucks. The heavy equipage consists of solid boats while 1 the light are framework covered with heavy canvas and can be dismant1ed for transport. Many substitutes can be used for pontoons, such as floating 1 supports. Rafts may be made of casks lashed to frames, rafts of timber and boats of commerce. Where spontoon bridges are constructed at night for the purpose of surprising the enemy straw is usually put on the blanks to deaden the sound. The actual work of setting up a pontoon bridge is too well known to need repetition here. suffice it to say that so far it has met all the requirements of the United States Army being able to support the | heaviest loads that have accompanied our army. A pontoon bridge can be laid, crossed and taken up before any other bridge could be constructed. As everything moves in a hurry during the present conflict the pontoon bridge is likely to keep it's place in the army equipment to the end of the war.
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-02-02

used. The river was then a perfect above the summer level and filled with driftwood. Yet under these unfavor- able circumstances the engineers com pleted the bridge in eight hours, and General Banks Corps, with its trains and artillery passed over it without a single mishap. The construction of the pontoon bridge has changed very little since the Civil War, although the European armies have spent con- siderable time in attempts to design satisfactory sectional pontoons.
 The heavy equipment of the present methods of fighting requires an extra support for the huge tanks and motor trucks and other stupendous engines of destruction. These must be carried over rivers in safety and though there is not sufficient time for elab- crate or refined calculations as to,the proper proportions between the prob able strength of the bridge and the loads to be transported, yet careful consideration must be given to the available material for the building of the bridge as compared with the weight and number of wagons, guns, etc., to be taken over.
 Popular In Europe
 So far the pontoon bridge has worked well for the Allies. During | last winter, however, the French were | compelled to remove one of their pom toon bridges which they had thrown | across the Disc on account of the ice jam. These pontoons were slowed alongside the river banks until spring when the bridge was reconstructed and is now in use.
 In Belgium the French and English 1 1ltiliznd their nnntnnns which unrn l, nt
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-02-02
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volunteers to prepare raft by my plan of simultaneous bays. About 10.30 P. M. I received a dispatch from General Meade asking the progress of the bridge to which l was able to reply at once, that the last boat was in position and the raft of three boats built ready to close the gap he had ordered left for the present, and that it was ready for completion in fifteen minutes at any time he ordered For the next 40 hours after A. M. on the sixteenth a continuous stream of wagons passed over the bridge (from 4,000 to 5000 wagons), some said fifty miles of wagons and nearly all the artillery of this army, and by far the largest portion of the infantry, and all It's cavalry present, and even to it's herd of 5000 or more beef cattle without an accident to man or beast. I breathed free again, and although the shelling of our troops across the river just before sunset within a mile above US gave us little hope of with drawing the bridge in safety it was ordered up and all rafted into three tons before 3 A. M. on the 18th, and on it's way to this point which it reached about sunrise the most suc- cessful effort on a large scale with pontoon bridging that has ever oc- cured in our country, if it does not rival those in any other land"
 Other pontoon bridges which proved of great value to the Union troops might be mentioned especially the one thrown across the Potomac, at Harper's Ferry, in the month of Feb ruary, 1862, in which sixty boats were
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-02-02
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money and can get along in some manner if they can be of service with out pay in the offices of the Army or Navy, and men who fought with Grant and Lee have begged for an oppor- tunity to go back to the firing line.
 Home Defense.
 "To make all these individual so- cieties and community efforts effective we have organized Home Defense bodies, directed by local councils of defense, which have established and recruiting, combined relief agencies, and, in fact. acted as local clearing houses for all war activities. We are trying to stimulate them in the mat ter of giving intelligent consideration to the utilization of unused ground for the production of food supplies; to the matter of simple and wholesome liv- ing, to conservation and industrial de- velopment.'
 The National Committee of Pa triotic Societies is bending every effort to bring to the whole people of the country the realization of the re- sponsibility which the war has placed upon every man, woman and child. At this moment it is arousing the peo- pie to take their individual part in nullifying seditious and pro-German propaganda.
 In this connection the Committee is getting in touch with the two thou sand local chairmen of the forty-four societies represented, ndurging them to combat unpatriotic action of every l kind in their communities. A state chairman in every State has been ap- pointed. A letter sent to the local leaders by the National Committee says in part:
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-02-02
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The PartIt Plays Tn the Rapid Move-
 r1e1t of Troops.

clusion that the elements were not likely to risk his anger again for he built two other pontoon bridges SUD- ported by large boats anchored in the stream connected by cables extending the whole length of the bridge stretched by capstans at each end. The army for the conquest of Greece then passed over these structures. The size of this army may be judged by the fact that it was seven days and nights in crossing. Caesar, it seems, preferred the bridge of the fixed type, and in all his military operations there is no mention of his having used a bridge of the pontoon style.
 The bridge of boats thrown over the Danube just before the battle of Wagram in July, 1909, was an ex- ample of exceedingly clever engineer ing, as it was completed in a sheltered place and hoated into position intact. Wellington was believer in the boat bridge. During the. seize of Bayonne bridge building was very difficult, as it was exposed to a rising tide of four teen feet. A floating bridge of heavy pontoons was set up and after the town had been taken it served. as a line of communication with the other part of the army. This bridge had to be constructed in a different manner from the ordinary pontoon type. Coasting vessels were used instead of ordinary boats, and the roadway was carried on cables stretched across the stream supported at intervals on their decks. The cables at one end were secured to eighteen pounder guns buried in the marshy ground, and at the other end to straining capstans by means of which they were kept taut. A boom was constructed above the bridge to protect it from injury by floating logs or other debris.
 Used During The Civil War.
 During our own Civil War the pom toon bridge was used with great sue cess. During the year 1863, pontoon l trains accompanied the army in all it's marches through the south, espe- cially during the Virginia campaign frequently bridging the Potomac, Rap pahannCck and Rapidan Rivers. In one instance in 1864 a pontoon bridge saved the day for the Union Army. This was when Grant wanted to reach the south side of the James River for the attack on Richmond. He at once called upon his engineers to throw a
The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-02-02
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jects of the Stars and Stripes. It is to serve these societies and these in dividuals that the National Commit tee of Patriotic Societies exists.
 Tt was member of the Advisory Commission of the Council of Ma tional Defense, a master of efficient organization, who emphasized the idea voiced by certain preparedness lead CTS that the scores of patriotic and defense societies throughout the coun- try could be of vastly greater national service than ever before, if through some central organization their efforts could be united and the duplication of work eliminated" said MT. Lewis in talk about the organization of which he is secretary.
 And so there came about this or ganization which is acting as a clear ing house between the individual and the societies. It is not attempting for a moment to usurp any of the func- tions nor to submerge the individual ity of the constituent members, but to serve them all to the great end of conservation of labor and it's result ant efficiency. Our Washington office stands ready at all times 10 advise anyone where his or her particular type of usefulness can best be taken advantage Of.
 Helping The Sta=es.
 Beyond these efforts to coordinate the societies, there has been a State situation where the commonwealths, each eager to mobilize their industrial and man power, began preparation for censuses without consulting each l other or the Federal departments most concerned. Our committee at once communicated with all the governors urging deliberation on the matter and sending them pending State laws and other information.
 "A third method by which we have been able to be of service since the declaration of war has been in pro-