davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-06-02
Known By the
Enemies He Has

Count Czernin, in the course Of his
last speech in Vienna, made "the
wretched and contemplate Masaryk"
responsible for the failure of Austria
to conclude a Strong" peace. On
April 13 delegation of twenty three
Jugo-Slav deputies and four women
went to Prague to protest against Count
Czernin's attacks on the Czechs and
Masaryk. One of them, Pavelich by
name, said, Seventy years ago, in 1s4s.
we Serbs, Croats and Slovenes came to
Prague in order to save Austria. To-
day we come to save ourselves. The
glove which Czernin threw at the
Czechs is also a challenge to US, and
more firmly than ever we shall stand
together until victory is won"
Masaryk was one of the first men to
warn Allied statesmen of the dangers
OF the Pan-German plan of Mitteleu-
ropa and to perceive in the dissolution
of Austria Hungary and the establish
ment in the place of the Dual Mon
archy of independent states the only
practical way of checking the Pan
German aspirations in Central and
Eastern Europe.
His uncompromising attitude toward
the hopeless kind of government pro-
vided by the Hapsburgs and their tools
led him to leave Austria, withdraw into
exile and range himself on the side
OF the Allies. He has undergone the
fate of all the leading Czech politicians.
After loyalty striving for years for a
reconciliation with the Germans and
the Austrian state, they end by realz-
ing the impossibility Of such an aim.
In order to save the future of free Bo-
hemia from the necessity of renewing
these vain experiments he placed him
self at the head of the Czecho-S Slovak
revolutionary movement. AS the presi-
dent of the Czecho- -Slovak National
Council in Paris he has been working
in England, France, Italy and Russia
for the independence of Bohemia. After
the outbreak of the Russian revolution
he went to Russia, where he organized
Czecho-Slovak army of $4,000 from
among the men who had gone over into
Russia from the Austrian army when
ever opportunity offered. This army
will now go to France by way of Vladi-
vostok and the Pacific and some IA
nous "Atlantic port" Following the
signing of the Brest-Litovsk peace
treaty, he came to America by way of
Siberia and Japan. For his anti-Aus-
trian activities in the Allied countries
he was sentenced to death by Aus
New-York tribune., 1918-06-02
The Keynote Of
His War Policy

Was his message the key to his popu-
larity? 1t semed as he delivered it
a simply told tale. 1t was his idea of
why the war could not be won for the
Allies unless Austria Hungary was dis
membered, and the different small ma
tions comprising it each had an op-
portunity for freedom such as America
possesses, founded upon the principles
of the Declaration of Independence. So
long as Bohemia, astride the highway
from Berlin to Vienna, Budapest and
the Danube and the Black Sea, was
antagonistic to the Central European
monarchies there could be no peace
nor any Mitteleuropa. There is no Aus
tria, only family supporting itself by
New-York tribune., 1918-06-02
BY Marie de Perrot

r MUST leave it to pens ADLER than
mine to deal with strategy, to
give an expert account of the
scenes of those encounters which have
ravaged France during the Great War.
| merely wish to speak of places-now
become historical-as remember them
before the war, of the people with
whom l was brought in contact dur
ing my wanderings In the land of my
birth, from north to south and east to
west.
At times it will seem like revival
of ancient things, of an old France,
though scarcely four years divide us
from that first terrible invasion of
August and September, 1914, when the
wild hordes, carrying in their trail
death and destruction. made wilder
ness of those departments which were
once the glory of France. What great
book might not be written also of
those countrysides, demolished by
bombs, now full of troops, where the
star-spangled flag of America waves
beside the tricolor.
Pious Hands
Attend Them
To-day spring sheds its flowers on
some of those desolate plains; they
spring up on the hillside where one
grave follows another, battered by
wind and rain now for nearly four
years-for one Of the fercest on
siaughts, which has gone on almost
without interruption until now. was
made in the Vosges. Yet some of the
rough wooden crosses---it seems al
most a miracle-have still hanging on
their rude arms and kepis of the poilus
who rest there. Pious hands, who
look after the. graves and bring how-
ers. do not disturb them. There the
children Of France lie until the great
New-York tribune., 1918-06-02
LORRAINES HOPE BRIGHTEST IN NIGHT OF AGONY

man army and sent to fight in the
North of France, whence he wrote
to the mother whose influence was the
greatest power in his life, as it is in
that of most Frenchmen: "Dear
mother-As l promised you, I have not
taken the life of single Frenchman.
and will never do So" Across the
pencil scrawled sheet was written:
"Madame-Your son was shot at dawn
as a traitor"
True to tradition, which runs like
thread of gold through our history,
the French women have done their
New-York tribune., 1918-06-02

duty we'll all through the war. though.
of course. in the departments which are
not invaded, they have suffered less
materially But for valance, endur-
ance and stole courage, none can be
compared with the women of the de-
partments of the vosges, Meuse,
Mcurthe and Moselle, who are called
collectively Lorraines, or sometimes
Vosgiennes. They are women of great
purpose and courage. chiefly due to the
fact that their country, this eastern
battlefield. Even in the time of the
Gauls Rome fought here. On these
New-York tribune., 1918-06-02
Masaryk, Leader of Czech-Slovaks
in This Country to Prepare
Way for Freedom

completeness. Aerenthal could only sit
without reply, guilty before the world.
His defence of a group Of thirty or
forty Jugo-Slavs against charges Of
treason at his own expense strength
ened materially this political allegiance
Of the Southern Slav part of the Dual
Monarchy. AS result of Masaryk's g
teachings the idea of a Serbo- Croat
unity had been growing prior to 1907,
Franc Supilo, Southern Slav patriot,
being the chief among the leaders. Of
fetal Austria and official Hungary made
deliberate attempt to use the grow
ing popularity Of the idea as lever
for discrediting and attacking inde-
pendent Serbia.
"The full perfidy Of the methods
employed to this end" says Seton
Watson, an English authority on Gen.
trail European affairs, "is still very
inadequately realized in the West,
though they threw searching light
not merely upon Austria -Hungary's
traditional policy, but also upon one
of the prime causes of the present
war"
A we'll directed press campaign pre-
ceded the annexation of Bosnia in
October, 1908, it's object being that Of
suggesting that the leaders of the
movement for unity were inspired, and
directly financed from Belgrade. In
deed, these men, instead Of voicing a
genuine demand for nationality, were
alleged to be actually in the pay Of an
alien dynasty conspiring to stir up
trouble! Wholesale arrests followed
In March, 1909, monster treason trial
opened at Agram, capital cf Croatia
Amid many scandals it dragged along
for seven months. AS means of in.
timidation the governmental secret
police organized band Of street ruff.
fans to attack some Of the Serbo-
Croat leaders in the chief streets OF
the city. Supilo was one of the vic.
tins. There was risk of war with
Russia as the Bosnian crisis dragged on
New-York tribune., 1918-06-02
Who is Masaryk?

On Saturday evening, May Is, ten
thousand Bohemians, Slovaks and other
Slavs, marched down Fifth Avenue.
many Of the men and women garbed
in their striking national dress. in
honor OF Masaryk. Half of this num-
Der crowded into Carnegie Hall, while
the remainder waited outside hoping
Tor an opportunity to see him. The
meeting was in his honor Those out
side were so insistent in their demands
for glimpse Of Masaryk that he was
forced to leave the platform and show
himself to the throng.
When President Butler Of Columbia
University introduced him to the great
audience as one Of the half-dozen lead
ing statesmen Of the world the floor
OF heads rose to new level and broke
into a tossing sea of color and sound.
The boxes, tier after tier, and those
in the seats in the far-off fourth
heaven took up the shouting and the
tumult. Bohemian and American flags
waved. For FIVE minutes the tumult
continued.
What was there about the man which
had made him such a popular hero :?
Was it his magnetic presence The
spare man who stood before them was
slxty-eight years old. A thin gray
mustache and beard scarcely hid the
sensitive lips. The fine contour of his
head was easily followed, for his hair
was thin fringe. There he stood.
In sombre evening dress, the color
mounting to his cheeks occasionally as
he glanced through his glasses out
over the tumultuous throng, quiet,
scholarly looking man.
Perhaps he possessed oratorical
powers which would sway men as an
artist swings his brush.
He began slowly in low tone of
voice. 1t rose little as he proceeded,
but seldom did it take on the forceful
tones of the trained and confident ora
tor. He was never at loss, however,
for word. Occasionally he stroked
his face thoughtfully passing his hand
from his eyes downward over his mouth
to his chin. That seemed strange for
speaker in Carnegie Hall, where it
is difficult enough to be heard under
any circumstances. Evidently he was
not striving for oratorical effect. In
fact. what he said smacked of the
scholar in the study. He was not a
great speechmaker such as we expect
leaders in democracy to be. Only once
did he exhibit his power over his audi
ence. For a moment he addressed
those before him in his and their ma
tive tongue. He spoke with the same
slow. careful choosing of words. Sud-
denly, raising his arm to horizontal
position, he pointed straight out with
the index finger. A single sentence
accompanied this gesture. 1t was as if
conductor had raised his baton and
his chorus had risen to its feet in
front of him. The great audience be-
fore him rose as one man and stood
in serried ranks, obedient to his single
word.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-02
Ready for Emergencies
and Rich With Hope

Wherever the shower of shrapnel
allows it munition factories have
sprung up. In these the women OF
Lorraine work incessantly, and their
output. as figures show. is compare
lively larger than anywhere else. II
always comes back to the one idea
worth of character. and those women
are so valiant and true. So cheerful
alsol So ! knew them, hiding under
a smile and brave word their disap-
pointments, great and small; so l feel
sure they are to-day ready for any
emergency. rich with every hope.
1t often has seemed to me that some
thing of the spirit of Jeanne dare
their great countrywoman, Of the sim
pie, brave. pious young girl. lives In
them. Knowing that a task was set
before her, which it was her duty to
accomplish, even though it cost her
life, so she lived and movsd among the
Lorraine women Of her time. TODAY
the virtues of her humber sisters are
more prosaic; great occasions are not
OF every day occurrence, yet / believe
there are many who would be as will
ing to sacrifice everything. II only
France 10 saved!
New-York tribune., 1918-06-02

patrie is worthy of all their love and
devotion. They have known the woes
ot our army retreating, and hopes
which promised immediate realization
dashed to the ground. But they do not
lose heart for that. Like the maiden
they have by nature that happy com
bination of character which allows
them to cope with deferred hopes. They
are full of enthusiasm and yet have
common sense-that most useful DUAL.
ity. Audacious at times, and thus able
TO encounter danger they can be most
witty, yet are prudent in giving their
opinion.
The soil of the Lorraine is naturally
barren re and unproductive, yet, thanks
20 the industry of its inhabitants. il
has grown to be fruitful. Now that
they are alone the women have brave.
iy taken up the task, There are many
children in Lorraine. They are helm,
ing their mothers to SOW, even ia
plough, and l am told that not merely
their hands, but their hearts are in
the task, hearts and souls Of those va
liant Lorraines.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-02
Rome Agreement
Clears Some Points

Through the pact reached recently
at Rome at the conference of leaders
OF the oppressed peoples of Austria
hungary, some of the links took form.
Each of these nationalistic groups un-
dertook cooperation with the others.
Italy became party to the understand
ing thus removing serious obstacle
IN the form of imperialistic objectives
along the eastern side of the Adriatic
She substituted democratic motives for
her participation in the war and fur
nshed an anchorage for the southern
end Of the chain.
The chief obstacle in the past to free
dom from the yoke of the Hapsburgs
has been skilful juggling by the men
CHOSEN to form the Austrian and Hun
garian governments. In international
9ugglery the Austrian government has
oeen a past master, with no equal,
unless it be Abdul Hamid, Sultan of
turkey, who used the same tactics to
MAINTAIN his sway over peoples who
cared as little for his rule as do the
nohemians and Jugo-Slavs of Austria
and Hungary for that of the Haps-
ourgs. The policy was that of prop
agating antagonsms between the
various peoples, pitting one against the
other, segregating those likely to cause
trouble-now aimed at in Bohemia
through an arbitrary division of the
country into twelve party, forcing
removals from one district to another.
OF officially massacring the civilian
population, just as the Austro- Hun
garian government has done since the
war began to the extent of from 10000
70 10000 persons.
For the first time, however, unity Of
pohtical action between all the op-
pressed peoples has been achieved.
"eaiizing that this war is their OPP
portunity, the oppressed nationalities
are cooperating in their revolutionary
sctrities. Inspired with the ideals Of
usmocracy, they seek to be free. How
aas this close cooperation on an ideal
ms'c plano been developed throughout
sne empire? In other words, who laid
s.ss train? The answer is that, more
an any other, it was Thomas G.
@ asaryk, Of Prague.
New-York tribune., 1918-06-02


zine. This is not the first time
the Dual Monarchy has been in this
uosition. The danger of explosion
Is greater row than it ever was before
News of plebiscites among the Slavs in
Southern Austria and Southern Hun
gary looking to union with Serbia, of
Czech uprisings in Prague, Of adjourn
ment Of the Reichsrat is symptom
of the firing Of the train. Even more
important than the riots and strikes
that are disorganizing the country
Are they sputterings? Or has the old
Teutonic method of setting one section
against another, of Junker against
proletariat, lost its control over the
burning fuse?
There are indications that the train
will burn better than it ever has be-
fore. 1t is better laid. The powder
lies thicker along the ground and has
been more carefully spread. It reaches
throughout the empire. The majority
Of the peoples of Austria Hungary are
on the qui vive for the psychological
moment to touch the match and blow
UP the artificial government under
which they are held in thrall
In Carniola, Croatia Slavonia, Dali
malta, Bosnia. Herzegovina, Montenegro,
the home Of the Jugo-Slavs, all eyes are
looking toward a union with Serbia.
Three millions of Rumanians in Tran
sylvania, in Southeastern Hungary, seek
an opportunity to join their brothers
on the other side of the Transylvanian
Alps. The Poles Of Galicia would gladly
rejoin the Poles lying between their
borders and the Baltic. The Slovaks,
living on southern slopes Of the Car
pathians in Northern Hungary, are
more than passively interested in es-
Gaping the Prussian methods of Mag
variation, which has been their fate
these many years, and cast in their
lot with Moravia, Silesia, and Bohemia
under the style of Czecho-Slovak ma
ton.
These nationalities received stimu-
lating news from Washington last week
when the Secretary of State announced
that the proceedings Of the Congress
OF Oppressed Races in Austria Hun
gary. which was held in Rome in April,
have been followed with great interest
BY the government Of the United
States, and that the nationalistic aspi-
rations OF the Czecho-Slovaks and the
Jugo-Slavs for freedom have the ear
nest sympathy of this government"
This they take to mean that the
United States government has agreed
to the partition of Austria Hungary
and the liberation of all its "Slav ma
tons as part of the war aim.
1t is said even that of the 100000
Magyars in Hungary four-ffths would
gladly assist the Allies to wipe out the
Magyar landed aristocracy and their
oligarchical government.
There would be little left after the
explosion. The Hapsburg dynasty would
hnd no place on which to rest it's foot.
It's chief would be forced to lead the
East Germans into the Prussian fold
while his former subjects forged
chain of democratic governments ex-
tending from the Baltic to the Adriatic,
and Herewith throttled Pan-Ger-
manism.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-07

The National League for Women's
Service ushcred in the third Liberty
Loan at Madison Square Park at l2:3o
o'clock yesterday afternoon The
strains Of "The Star Spangled Banner"
and the "Marscilaise," the pcaling Of the
Liberty Bell and the cxhortat'ons OF
inspiring speakers made the new loan
welcome. Though 1T was a meeting
in comrnemoration Of our entry into the
war, it al1o looked forward 10 the time
when Liberty bonds would lead US
tsiumphanlly out Of IL.
The ceremony vas centred about
the Liberty Bank, white painted,
miniature Icprodu ,tion of the Sub
Treasury. erected in the park. A band.
gaily clad in blue and gold, supplied
the ronsIpg liberty music, and the
st..lwart. khak.-ciad members Of the
Motor Corps ii the National League
for Women'S Service, headed by their
COMMANDER, Colonel Adelaide Is. Bayles,
supplied the military note and recalled
ouy boys aer6as the Sca.
The first speaker was MonBignor
Jo8n ,.t}.-sy.cAe .,DD ND been cAaDiain
of the Maine wnen he wan sunh at
Havana Hasbor. Monsignor Chidwick
made most jr1passioncd appeal.
DO you remember" he cried, "whcn
g POOR crippled shoe.oakes waa struck
Goa2n Dy a i's1z9ian >acar while erogs-
New-York tribune., 1918-04-07
Former Chaplain of the Maine
OPENS Drive of Wonen's League

ING a street in Alsace? Do YOU re-
member how the whole world called
OH Germany to punish the offender
And Germany replied by condo aing the
offence and forglving the dastardly
offender. It's that spirit of arrogance,
of contempt for the weak, the lowly.
the unfortunate, that we are fighting.
That's why we are at war with Ger
many!"
In voice broken with emotion,
Monsignor Chidwick called upon his
hearers to show the German people
that we love our democracy as we'll as
they love their autocracy.
DR.. Nathan Kraft, rabbi Of Cen
tral Synagogue. was the next speak
cr. "The Germans" said DR.. Kraft, "be-
lieve in the ethics Of force and not in
the forcef Of ehtics. That's why we
are in the war. We don't need AL
sacc-Lorraine; we don't need the free
dom Of the seas any more than we
have had it.; we don't want to send
merchandise in larger quantities to
Serbia and Belgium. We arc not in
the war for commercial supremacy
but for a holy purpose the freedom Of
tho world"
Dr. Kraft confessed to having been
u believer in pacifsm at one time.
That was because he could not be-
lieye Germany was inhuman enough
10 do TIE ruthless deeds it did Bu,
ne soon came TO see the error Of his
ways.
ibis war will be won by conserva.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-07

marines, soldiers from the 47th and
18th infantries and the 18th Coast Ar
tillery command, Base Hospital Unit
No. 81, Red Gross nurses, canteen girls,
detachment of National Woman's
Motor Corps and workers in the Ma
tional League for Women's Service.
After the parade had passed in re-
view and the salute gun had been fired
there were speeches from the review
ing stand. Edwin P. Maynard, chair
man of the Brooklyn Liberty Loan
Committee, presided. The speakers
were Senator William M. Calder, Mr..
Reigclmann and Chaplain Nehemiah
Boynton.
Mr.. Maynard said: "a soldier writes
that he had to go all the way to
France to learn that it is the army
OF the rear, back in the States, that is
going to win the war.
If we are lukewarm in our support
it takes the heart out of the man on
the firing line. If he knows we are
providing the money for all that he
needs guns, ammunition, clothing,
New-York tribune., 1918-04-07

night. Vice-President Marshall at St.
Louis, Secretary McAdoo at Philadel-
phia, and Secretary Daniels at Cleve-
land. led the battalions of speakers.
All OF next week the campaign will con-
tinue intensive, with the we'll organ
lied committee in each state, county
and town working Systematically to
gather in the subscriptions.
200 Towns on Honor Roll
Officials tonight estimated that more
than two hundred communities had
placed themselves on the honor roll to-
dag by oversubscription. Sharply at 8
o'clock, the official opening hour, came
within few minutes. These had So
!icited their subscriptions in advance,
however, and had filed reports before
the campaign opened officially, mis-
understanding tlte contest rules elimi-
mating consideration of these in de-
termining the standing Of the towns
on the national honor roll. 1t will
take week or more to examine the
various reports and determine which
are fully entitled to bona tidc consid
GRAFTON, and it may be impossible to
determine which was first
There will be other contest align
ments, however-for the first place in
the lists of communities classified by
population first in the state or the
county. These are expected to furnish
the stuff for competition until the
campaigns end, May A.
The South made a particularly good
showing to-day, so far as reports from
small towns were concerned, and this
pleased officials, for special efforts have
been made to gather big subscriptions
in the South. San Francisco reported
tonight that many small towns on the
Pacific Coast had ovcr-subacribcd with
out giving their names. New York re-
ported that Far Hills, n. j., had over
subscribed its quota of 100 ten
times. Even one small town in Alaska,
Petersburg, came through late to-day
with announcement that it had gone
over the tor"
New-York tribune., 1918-04-07
Liberty Bonds or Indemnity Bonds
fheIssue, Harlem A Audience Is Warned

The people of Harlem observed the
opening day Of the third Liberty Loan
drive by turning out by thousands to
witness street parade and participate
IN patriotic exercises, which were held
in Mount Morris Park, 120th Street
and Madison Avenue. This celebration
was conducted under the auspices of
Z the Veterans League and Mrs Laura
B. Prisk, head Of the Patriotic League
of Harlem, who also is credited with
being "Mothcr of Flag Day"
The parade, which was made IN of
Grand Army veterans, police reserves
OF the City Of New York, school chill
dren and the Women's Auxiliary of
the Harlem Board of Commerce
started from headquarters of the
Patriotic League, l25th Street and Ley
lngton Avenue. and marched through
the principal thoroghfa fares to the music
of the Catholic Protectory Band.
AT the park Professor Henry I.
tleck, of Hunter College, chairman of
the exercises, Informed those gathered
around the stand that the veterans were
celebrating the Fifty-sixth anniversary
OF the Battle OF Shiloh in conjunction
with the Liberty Loan mass meeting,
The professor, after relating the his
tory' of Shiloh, presented to his audi
ence Henry Fcre, one of the survivors
of the battle.
After the singing of patriotic songs
by the audience addresses were made
I ny Dr; Charles A. Maxwell. of the Lib
crty Loan Committee; Mrs. Laura q
Priak, John NJ. Nagel veteran. who
rocited Lincolns Gettysburg address
and DR.. John Wesley Hill chancellor Of
Lincoln Memorial University. Dr.. HIN
said. in part:
The world can no longer exist half
der ocratic and half autocratic. The
cornerstone of autocracy is the divine
right of kings; the keystone of de-
mocracy is the divine right of the in