davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-02-03

hopper and is pulvcrized so that 80 per cent
OF 1t can pass through q 200 mesh screen 1t
is then passed to locomotive by means Of
conveyor screw and blast, thus bringing the
lgnitable powder to the mouth of the locomo-
tive furnace, at which point combustion takes
place"
The experiments were first made with a
mixture of Brazilian and American coal.
and are now being continued with Brazil
ian coal only found mainly in the Jacuhy
River district, and which has the pecul-
arity that it does not burn economically
in the usual lump form
The Sac Jeronymo mine alone produces
annually 10000 tons of that particular
brand of coal in the average.
'The efficiency of the mixture is shown bv
the fact that with it exclusive burning
material locomotive raised steam from a
cold boiler to full steam pressure in the short
time of one hour and five minutes, and when
the same locomotive returned from a 112-
mile trial trip over variable ground with
maximum grades of ! per cent, examination
Of the tire-box showed it to be absolutely
clean of dust clinker, the only residue
being Stag in quantity hardly sufficient to fill
an ordinary frebucket- The steam pressure
was kept up uninterruptedly, with the in
I jector working all the way"
If the experiment turns out to be alto
gether successful, the crux of Brazilian
railroad transportation, the fuel problem,
will probably have been solved. 1t may
incidentally be stated that many of the
smaller Brazilian railroads are still burn
ing wood.
New-York tribune., 1918-02-03
<<N RECENT years" writes George
Holmes, in "The Electrical r Ex-
~ ror;,,oor+orv for Toruo,1y CIV

<<N f RECENT years" writes George
~ Holmes, in "The Electrical Ex-
perimenter" for January, Gin
ventors have constantly sought to make
navigation less hazardous, and each year
sees new improvements along these lines.
What with submarine signals, automatic
engne-room signals, searchlights and wire
less to keep in touch with the world and
safeguard the ship, passengers travel with
really wonderful sense of safety COM
pared to the olden days"
And he goes on to say:
Lately very important development in
the line of radio has come to the aid OF
the lighthouse crews to assist in warning
eh;ns of dangerous shoals and rocks. We
are indebted to the well-known radio in
ventor. DR.. Lee dc Forest for this latest
application of radio. A short official descrip-
tjon is given in a recent hydrographlc
holletn issued by the United States Naval
photographic Office.
"The first real test of this apparatus is
now taking place at Point Judith light, near
Narragansett Pier, and is arranged on very
compact scale, that 1T can be ATTENDED 10
by the regular lighthouse keeper and as
sistant. A regulation gasolene engine con
nected with 36-volt direct-current gen.
orator and storage batteries is used to sup
nlv the energy, to which is coupled motor
Generator set which operates the transmit
ting apparatus
"Ths apparatus is entirely inclosed in
vcrv small cabinet measuring but IL by IL
by 1S inches. On the front Of the CABINET Is
tho osclllion bulb and necessary switch TOR
regulating it; also connecting posts tor
aerial and ground wires. On the SIDE OF the
~. IT.
cabinet is small door whlch gives ACCESS
to the mechanism inside.
"All the working parts are mounted inside
the cabinet, including motor driven phono-
eraph speaking directly into microphone
The ARRANGEMENT of the cylindrical records
is such that they repeat automatically, the
sapphirc needle being set back to the begin
ming each time after it has travelled the
length Of the record. Each record has an
average life of about 10000 repetitions.
"The fundamental idea of this method of
radiating fog warning signals, by varying
quantity with ranges power, was covered
in a United States patent issued to Dr. de
Forest in 1916, No. 1,183,S02, on an applica
ton filed in 1908.
"In the circuit diagram may be seen the
relative layout Of the various horns, micro
nbones and the commutator arrangement
which permits the proper sentence to be
sent in its turn
"Several other notifications OF the under
living principles may also be utilized as de-
scribed by DR.. de Forests patent. The trans
hitting apparatus is so arranged thae speech
c,r be sent out from the large foghorns, as
o,ao musical notes, bell signals. etc, on the
same prearranged schedule as the radio
s;gnals In this scheme the phonograph with
records containing speech is coupled to a
microphonic arrangement, and the speech is
Intensified by means of ampliiers and the
sound waves sent out through the toghorns'
thereby enabling the captain or other off1cer
New-York tribune., 1918-02-03
Repairing Locomotives
Underground
A T ONE of the large mines of the
~ Northwestern Mining and Ex-

a ONE OF the large mines of the
"A Northwestern Mining and Ex-
change Company, in Clearfeld
County, Penn, reports a writer in Coal
Age" is rather interesting underground
motor room in which all repairs are made
to the haulage locomotives. The small
gathering locomotives are sent to the sur
face to undergo repair work, but the large
ones, which cannot be run on to the care
and hoisted to the surface, are repaired
in the mine when that is possible. The
motor room, says the magazine quoted
SIS about IS to 16 feet wide The walls are
Of brick and the roof of steel I-beams. A
track runs through the room at one side
A large pit permits the mechanics TO work
under locomotive At the left of the room
is the workbench, which is eouipped
with all the various vises and tools reed
ed for repair work The crane in the fnre
ground can handle weight of fifteen tons
1t is operated by hand and can travel the
full length of the room. Electric lights fur
nish sufficient illumination for the machinist
and his helper"
New-York tribune., 1918-02-03
to hear the same without the aid of wireless

to hear the same without the aid Of wireless
apparatus.
"The one big feature of the Point Judith
light equipment is that when a ship is
within range Of eight miles Of the light
house it will hear the following words
flashed by wireless every five seconds: Point
Judith light and after every third repeti-
ton the warning, You are getting closer;
keep off, is sent out with limit of range
Of about two miles. These signals will be
sent out during fog, mist, rain and falling
snow.
when sent out by radio the signals can
be heard with any suitable well-known
wireless telegraphic or wireless telephone
receiving apparatus which may be employed
to receive. detect or reproduce the emitted
or radiated signals. Crystal detectors may
be used. The signals sent out on wave
length continuously varied between $50 and
$50 metres.
If the apparatus is equipped for musical
New-York tribune., 1918-02-03
Solving the Brazilian Fuel
Problem in Transportation

NNE reads in ''The South American"
z J (New York; of an interesting
series of experiments made re-
Gently by the Central Railroad of Brazil
with its new coal pulverizing plant at
Barra do Pirahy, which was installed by
an American firm at an expense of about
S7O0.O00 and is similar in construction to
q cement plant.
This is the procedure:
THE coal, freed Of its moisture, goes into
New-York tribune., 1918-02-03

!n10uchi@8
R'@5:!'1:!!!;i':'':;0!':::!!'n!:!!I2.....:. 81: ':'' %! 4.
..'""'' '''''''''''"''""'-
Continuing an Interesting Con-
troversy: Is the Bible To Be
Accepted, Scrupulously,
From Cover to Cover?

IN DECEMBER 80 appeared in this
column resume of an article by
"W. G." in "The Christian Work."
New-York tribune., 1918-02-03

every important lighthouse and light
ship on the United States coast will be fitted
with this new radophone fog signal as con-
ditions permit the work to be carried on"
New-York tribune., 1918-02-03

tory was one of the most striking triumphs
of good over evil that has ever been seen
in this country.
"The territory had been set apart, more
New-York tribune., 1918-02-03

race, and allowed to develop naturally with
out interference, the best that was in them
would assert itself and they would show
marked capacity for elf-govcrnment
New-York tribune., 1918-02-03

than eighty years ago, as home for sundry
tribes when living in Southern states,
on the theory that if these Indians could be
removed beyond the reach of a superior
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1918-04-05
by armed ships.

by armed ships.
But just now and for the rest of the
summer. thousands of American soldiers
will be sailing across the sea and it will
be quite possible that one or more trans.
ports loaded with troops may be caught
by the German submarines.
This is one of the chances OF war and
we must be prepared for it. So far the
Canadian troops have been all takeE
across without loss. but this record may
be broken any day.
But in actual practice the submarine
has about the same comparative efficl-
ency as bank robber, while the. aero
plane added Thousand fold to the eyes
Of the army ana particularly during the
German drive of the last two weeks has
proven real menace to armed bodies oI
troops in action by dropping bombs and
discharge of machine guns among them
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1918-04-05
City Council.

Regular meeting city council, Apri
lst, 1918.
Meeting called to order by the audito,
and aldermen present with the Mayor
who were not candidates at the election
held on this day resolved themselves in.
to a canvasslng board for the purpose OF
counting the vote. Present, Mayor Mil
ler, Aldermen Benson, Shumaker and
Thompson. The canvas of votes accord
ing to the returns made by the ward
election boards resulted as follows:
Ward No. One, for alderman, F. M. King
received 6 votes; for treasurer, Ray G.
Stinson received votes; for justice of
the peace, George Peterson received 6
votes. Ward No. Two, for alderman, G..
w AShumaker received II votes; for
treasurer, Ray G. Stinson received IL
votes; for justice of the peace, George
Peterson received II votes. Ward No.
Three, for alderman, J. A. Wilkins re-
ceived 2 votes; for treasurer, Ray G.
Stinson received 8 votes; and no votes
were cast for any other candidates for
either Of said Offices in either Of the
wards of said city.
Therefore it was declared that the fol-
lowing persons we're duly elected for the
ensuing terms Of two years to their res.
pective Offices, to wit:
Alderman for Ward No. One. F. M.
King.
Alderman for Ward No. Two. g. ".
Alderman Tor Ward No. Three. J. A.
Wilkins. 2
City Treasurer, Ray g. stinson.
City Justice Of tho PsAee, George
Peterson.
CanvassinR board adjonrnsd sins die
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1918-04-05
County News

Mrs. N j. Beaudine of Neche hs
gone to Winnipeg where she will lseek
medical treatment
George Spotswood and his mother, OF
Cavalier. arrived home after spending
the winter in Virginia.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jos. Morrison Of Dray.
ton returned home after having spent
the past three months IN Cal,fornia.
Mrs. Robt. Poland of. Milwaukee,, Wis.
will spend some weeks visiting with her
parents Mr.. and Mrs. Lou Ferch of
Cavalier.
Wm. O'Hara Of BathRate has moved
his family and household effects 70 Car.
lisle. where they intend TO reside u the
future.
Mr.. and Mrs. Percy Vessels Of Neehe
wont toWinnipeg last week whers..A Mrs.
Wessels vii undergo IN op@sssi 4 Ior
Rall stones. III
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1918-04-05
THE PROGRESS OF THE WAR.

After ten days terrible fighting the
grand assault of the Germans which
was intended to overwhelm the British
and French armies and through which
they expected to eat dinner in Paris on
April 1st, hats definitely failed at least
for time. For the last five days they
have made no progress and there is still
an unbroken army of French, British
and Americans in front of them. They
have gained a triangular piece of ground
reaching about thirty miles from their
start at the widest part, but which
ground began te narrow regularly from
the very beginning.
They hold most of the land they occu-
pied year ago and went somea farther
southwesterly, but on the other hand
they have failed IN taking Arras, Vimy;
Ameins and other strong stratedic points
TO the west.
The number of German casualties in
gaining this ground can only be guessed,
but the guesses, average about SOC, 600
The losses on the entente side will per-
haps be two-thirds as many though it is
claimed that the difference pro rata is
much greater.
What may happen in the near future
is still unknown. We know now almost
certainly that this assault was the re-
suit of desperation, largely because of
the U.boat failure. Something had to
be done. That something has yet to be
finished and farther fighting may be the
result.
The fighting units of the French and
British armies are certainly in as good
fighting condition as are the Germans
who have been fighting. These are rap.
idly being reinforced on both sides, but
there 10 no reason to believe that the
kaiser has as good chance of success
as when he started three weeks ags.
Perhaps second assault by the kaiser
may prove,to be the quickest and cheap
est path to peace. Bloody as such q
fight may be it may be less costly than a
long delayed period oftrench fighting.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1918-04-05

do have quarrel with HIM il he does
not know enough to behave himselfas a
gentleman should, when he finds him
self as guest in house where the peo-
pie and the environments are not con
genial AS long as he is guest the
least that be may do and the most that
he hay do, by the code of a gentleman,
is to say nothing and do nothing against
his hosts. no matter what he thinks.
Besides being no gentleman he would
also be fool il he does not know enough
to behave himself.
Some seventy or more young men left
for the military camps this week from
this county-and there was not Non
partisan among them. Some may have
been connected with that body previous
ly but when they don the kahki of Uncle
Sam they ''absolve all allegiance to any
prince, or potentate whatever more es-
pecially to the czar of the Nonpartisans
whose late subjects they were." Only
bona fide farmers" can belong to the
Nonpartisan party, though by that same
rule Mr.. Townley himself would be de-
barred from participating or being pre-
sent In Nonpartisan gathering. But
the soldier boys can be Republicans or
Democrats just the same, and In fact
would be welcomed with enthusiasm at
any political gathering hsld by either of
the two old parties.
In few weeks we shall have class
of citizens in North Dakota whose hours
of labor will begin at about three in the
morning and end about half after nine
at night. They will, as they always
have, save all the daylight there is-and
they don't bother about setting clocks
ahead. They are very useful class too
and pair of them will conserve about
as much food during the season as the
average laboring man on farm. With
out their. assistance it is a questlen
whether all the farmers and all the hired
men could raise crop at all.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1918-04-05
PARTICULARLY FOR PEMBINA

"Self praise don't go great ways" is
a rather ungrammatical and somewhat
true old proverb. Brag in itself is dis
gusting to outsiders. But on the other
hand it is profitable to most business
men and to communities too at times
"take stock" and it is in the latter spirit
that we call attention to two items pu b.
lished in this issue about Pembin finan-
ces and Pembina politics.
Financially the published statement
shows that we have paid off the last dol
lar of bonded debt owed by the city,
While for sometime we have had nearly
sufficient sinking fund to pay off these
bonds they did not become due until
this spring so the deal was not consuma.
ted until now.
An item of unpaid warrants to the
amount of about ST. 200 was partially off
set in the statement by nearly $500 cash
on hand, and since the statement was
made S940 has been received from the
county treasurer so that these out war
rants have been provided for with some
cash balance which will be considerably
increased in the near future by further
remittances from the county.
About twenty or more years ago, this
city owed $500 in bonds and S1,5GO in
out warrants, all of which Indebtedness
was at seven and eight per cent interest.
As stated all this has been paid. But
on the other band the city has not Eeen
parsimonious as to public improvments.
Our streets, sidewalks, and such perma-
nent Improvements have been carried on
in good shape and in the meantime we
have accumulated, at low estimate,
not less than S25,0O0 worth of saleable
property of which the city hall fire ap,
paratus, twenty-five acres of park ad-
joining the center of the city, a second
hand court house and library building,
etc., are the principal assets.
The above is the substance of the
financial statement for twenty years.
The other item to which we would call
attention is that we had city caucus
for the nomination of three aldermen
and other officials on last Friday evening
and less than a dozen voters were pre-
sent. This As followed by the annual
city election last Monday with total of
twenty-six votes cast in the city. Why
was there no. more interest shown?
Why was there no politics apparent?
Because the people Of Pembina have
learned that ''clty politics" are really
nothing more than city business and al
most entirely financial propositions
One of the aldermen, Mr.. F. M. King
of the first ward, enters upon his twelfth
consecutive term as result of Mondays
election. Messrs Shumaker and Will
kins, also reelected, have served several
terms. In fact for number of years
there have been no contests for alder
manic honors. Only death, removal or
resignation have made changes on, the
board, The reason for the latter. item
is found in the former item. The, ,@yer-
dict of the voters is, The city is being.
run satisfactorily: why change officials?"
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1918-04-05
THE AEROPLANE VS.. U-BOAT

About twenty five years ago we first
learned of two wonderful inventions, OF
rather discoveries, which at that time
appeared equally miraculous and useful
one the telephone and the other was the
gramaphone. But as years have passed
the telephone has become a household
convenience and world necessity. while
the latter has hardly gotten much above
the toy stage.
A few years later two other inventions
attracted our attention, one vessel that
could swim below the surface of the sea
and the other ship that could sail IN
the air.
The sea swimmer was recognizeu at
once as only of value as war machine,
while the latter was thought of as pos.
sible value when people got used to them
as passenger ships of limited capacity
Now that we are at war and both
machines have been tested by the exu-
gences of the military necessities, the
former machine has failed TO great ex-
tent of expectations while the latter has
proven to be of far more value than ever
dreamed by even its inventors.
We say the submarine is largely a fail
ure and have during the last two weeks
the positive testimony of the Germans,
who had placed their dependence almost
entirely upon its operations, that as a
military weapon of decisive nature that
it is failure. Because if the U-boats
had stopped the ships from sailing and
landing in France and England these
countries would, have been compelled to
sue for peace long ago. Instead the re-
cords show that arrivals and departures
of ships from English ports have not
been diminished.
But the U-boats are menace and are
taking steady toll that is very expen-
sive, very dangerous and very annoying,
and as yet are sinking faster than ships
are being built to take the places of
those lost
Even when as we shortly will, be able
to keep up the supply, 1t IS rather a poor
proposition to have to pour in at the
bunghole while. the spigot is wide open.
On the other hand it is evident that
the numbers of U-boats are not increa-
sing because it that we're the case the
numbers Of victims would increase. Not
only that the new U-boats are more
powerful, have more speed, have added
guns. have improved listening apparatus
and have other reasons why thsy should
be more efficient.
It's evident that Germany must have
difficulties in keeping up its U-boat feet.
We know that the ''ruthless policy" inn
med,ately added the United States navy
and at least thousand armed merchant
ships to the foes Of the U-boats, and
depth bombs and other inventions and
schemes have helped to sink and cap.
ture these sharks Of the sea,
So far the submarines have very sell
dom attempted 70 fight 40 armed ship;
they have uniformly kept clear 81 any
thing that has tseth. Also thsy have
confined their attentions to cargo boats 81.
rather than g Transports. though we|
presume that ii this case 4 i bscauss
tho transport ships are usually conSoFsl
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1918-04-05
for the regulation of automobile traffic

for the regulation Of automobile traffic.
Alderman Thompson made verbal
report to the effect that the pontoon
committee had obtained grant of $500
for the new pontoon. and that the ium..
Der had arrived, been paid for, contracts
let for building the boats and that the
same were in process of erection.
1t was decided to no longer rent q part
OF the public park in South Pembina as
pasture, but to open the same up to
the general public. Adjourned.
F. A. WARDWELL.
Auditor
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1918-04-05

Mrs. George Bell and two children, of
Cavalier, left Saturday for Hensel where
they will join Mr.. Bell and make their
future home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Strachan arrived
in st. Thomas last week after spending
some weeks taking treatments at Hot
Springs, Arkansas.
Mr.. and Mrs. Norman Baker left Ham,
ilton last week for their future home in
Federal Dam, Mimi, where Mr.. Baker
will engage in business.
Mr.. and Mrs. L. T. Gilroy returned to
their home in Drayton after several
weeks visit with Mr.. and Mrs. Percy
Kneeshaw, at Delburne, Alberta.
Mrs. N. G. Thomson and daughter of
Waukegan, ILL.,. arrived in Neche last
Monday, called by the illness of Mrs.
Thomsen's sister, Mrs. John A. Jensen.
E. Hellfach of Walhalla made visit
to his wife who is Ill at St. Mlcheal's
hospital in Grand Forks, and reports
that she is improving nicely and will be
able to return home shortly.
At the annual meeting of the Farmers
State Bank of st. Thomas, G. s. Cans
sle,. formerly assistant cashier. was elect
ed vice president, and Thomas Whean
elected assistant cashier.
Mrs. Onon Bertelson of st. Thomas re-
ceived message Wednesday from o SSH
an stating that her mother, who is we'll
advanced in years, was critically i'll.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bertelson left at once for
Ossian.
Geo. L. PaAman of Hamilton returned
last week from Barlow, Florida where
he owns some fruit land. He was &C.
companied on his way to Chicago by
James Farr, who is euroute to Ontario
to visit his family.
Mrs. G. G. Eidnes of W;.lhalla has
been very sick with measles the past
week. also the little daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. Fred Menier has been ill with the
measles and pneumonia. They are all
reported convalesing.
Andrew johnson of St. Thomas, who
has been working some of the j. Guam
land for several years, has left for the
western part of Montana where he ex-
poets to take up land and make his
future home.
The proudest mau in Gretna is John
Hodgson. His son, who has won the
military medal for bravery in France, is
home once more. He has his scars hor- =
orable ones, received in the defense of
liberty.
Hubert McPhail has been visiting his
mother, sisters and brother at st. Thom.
as. He has enrolled as mechanic in
the public service reserve and after
taking a two months course of training
will be detailed to service.
E. X. Everson of Neche was the victim
of a painful accident when he was kick
ed in the face by horse, severely cut
ting the lower jaw; fortunately no bones
we're broken. DR.. Was was called and
dressed the wound.
A report is current here that Rev. H.
G. Markley, chaplain with the American
forces in France: is i'll in a hospital in
that country. We are unable to verify
the truth of the rumor. Prior to his ap-
pontment as chaplain, Mr.. Markley was
pastor Of the local M. E. church, and
naturally his many friends here are
anxious as to the nature of his Illness
Hamilton Independent.