davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03
Mississippi Creameries

There were few large cotton growers in southern Mississippi when the boI
 weevil invaded that territory. and it was supposed that the small farmers would readily adapt themselves to the changed conditions. But they seem not to have done so, and many of them are stiii fiorndering around trying to find out what is the best thing to do. For sev- erai years many of the farms were prac- ticaliy abandoned and the total value of farm. products was greatly reduced
 Ihen they began to learn that cotton can be grown under boil weevil conditions, anc now nearly all of these small farms again have some cotton.
 Tn the meantime they have learned lot about the production of feedstuffs and she maintenance of livestock on the farm. Taking the family milch COW as the basis for a herd of cattle. thev have In many cases produced more milk than the family could use or the buyers of the small towns would take. This brought about a demand for creamerfes that would take all of the surplus, and many of the towns now have them. Once creamery has been established where farmer can sell all the milk or cream he produces, it stimulates the dairy industry so that in a single year the amount re- ceived is doubled or trebled An example of this was seen recently in the Farmers Progressive creamery at Newton Miss, which scarcely got enough cream at first to justify operation. Now it receives 200 gallons of crea ma day from 900 patrons having one to twenty-five cows, ano makes an average of about 700 pounds of butter each day. This means that the average patron of that creamery gets $1 a day for the cream he supplies be- sides all of the whole milk and butter that he can use at home and the skim milk for making cream cheese and feed- ing pigs. dollar day may seem a small sum, but it comes seven days in the week. and is sufficient to pay the liv- ing expenses of the average farm fam ily There is quite a difference between selling a minor farm product for cash to be used in buying what the family uses and buying on credit to be paid for out of the cotton crop next fall fl the boil weevils don't destroy it. A steady stream of these little cream checks woEld have prevented many farms from being plastered with mortgages and finally lost to the owner when his cotton failed to meet the obligations incurred.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03

able in these months. In northern local ities or at high elevations farther south where severe winter conditions prevail planting should be done as early in the spring as the ground can be worked
 Seeding of small-seeded varieties can be done with common corn planter and planters used for lima beans are suitable for the larger varieties. Except when grown on commercial scale for drying and for stock feed or as a green ma nure crop seeding is usually done by hand. Horse beans planted on land for the first time require inoculation, which is true with most, if not all, legumes The crop should be cut for seed as soon as the lower parts are mature and the upper ones fully developed. They must be handled as rapidly as possible after cutting as the seed skaters easily Un- der favorable conditions the seed yields are heavy, the average production be. ing about 11a tons per acre. Seed re- tains it's vitality for long period ger imitation tests with seed four years old has shown only slight, if any. deteriora- tiOn-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03
Burnt Sugar Cake

This is splendid burnt sugar cake and it never fails; Beat F cup butter to cream Add l cup sugar, yoks eggs cup cold water, cups flour and beat five minutes. Add 3 or tea spoons of burnt sugar syrup, teaspoon vanilla add another F cup flour ? tea spoons baking powder and we'll ll-beaten whites of eggs. Bake in layers.
 To prepare the burnt sugar syrup: One cup sugar in pan over fire Stir constantly until it becomes a liquid and throws off smoke. Add F cup of boil Ing water. Stir until you have a mo- asses-like syrup. Then put as much as you like in plain frosting made with cream, sugar. lump of butter and va nllla Always put a teaspoon of flour in your sugar that you make your frost ing with so it won't become hard and break.-Mrs. T. H. Guthrie.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03

Farmers who own woodlands and people in cities, towns and villages who can purchase wood from nearby farms can help in the coming winter as last winter-to relieve the demand 1 for coal and the strain on railway capacity by burning wood in place of coal
 It is not expected substitution of wood for coal will be complete of uni versal, as for many purposes coal is much more convenient. But for heat ing many kinds of buildings wood is the more convenient and cheaper fuel. This is particularly true in the case of churches, halls, summer cottages and other buildings for which heat is re- quired only occasionally, but then is wanted in large volume at short notice.
 The illustration shows the utiliza- ton of wood at Camp Meigs, near | Washington, D. c. The power cut-up saw shown is the standard machine used by the army at various camps, and has capacity of about IS cords of 4-foot wood put in to 1S-inch leng ths in day of 6h hours. Wood was the only fuel used at Camp Meigs when the picture was taken. In the winter coal is used to heat the barracks, but wood alone is used in cooking
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03

destroyed, according to the bulletin All stalks, leaves, straw, weeds and other sources of humus should be plowed under lntercropping corn and cotton with cow peas, soy beans, peanuts and other such legumes is advisable. Winter cover crops Of bur clover, crimson clover vetch oats and rye are recommended. The bulletin suggests number of crop rotations which not only provides for croops which maintain and increase soil fertility, but also crops for the market For three year rotations corn and velvet beans are suggested for the first and second year, and cotton, peanuts or sweet potatoes, followed by winter cover crop, or oats followed by cowpeas or soy beans for the third year.
 Among the illustrations in the bulletin are two showing adjoining cotton fields One field was grown on land deficient in organic matter, and produced less than 100 pounds of lint cotton to the acre. The other was gorwn on land which had been built up with organic matter by growing and blowing under legumes, and which produced three bales of cotton. weighing from 505 to 5l0 pounds each, per acre. The cotton on this field followed crop of oats which produced 75 bushels ito the acre.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03
-E FAIR OPENS IN BIRMINGHAM NEXT MONDAY
Highest Price for Hogs

While the peanut crop is not quite SC good in Pike county this year as last, yet it is better than was expected few weeks ago. says Demonstration Agent l.. J. HawIey. The cotton crop, however, is better than last year. and both of these crops are being harvested quite rapidly. Mir. Hawley, in recent report to extension headquarters at Auburn, states that one of the farmers of his county shipped a car load of hogs to Montgomery recently and received the highest price brought by any hogs at Montgomery on that day The price paid was 1914 cents per pound.
 The farmers of Chambers county who are producing dairy products vii make an effort to ship comparatively with the idea of obtaining better prices, says County Agent w. NJ. Sellers. A large part of the dairy products of this county go to Atlanta, and a committee has been appointed to go to this city early in Oc- tober with the view of making the best possible contract for these dairy products. The present contract, which several ot the farmers now have with Atlanta firms, expires in october, and by pool ing their products and marketing co-op- eratively it is expected that much more favorable contract can be made.
 MT. P. G. Thompson of Macon county turned 100 head of hogs into 25-acre peanut field recently, and County Agent H. A. Vaughn reports that it is pretty sight to see these hogs literally making " hogs" of themselves in this peanut field. It is by allowing hogs to harvest much of their own feed that pork is produced at the minimum price.
 Mir. Fred Stephens, who lives in the hilly section of Greene county, has a large family and says that he has grown enough wheat during the past three years to feed his family, with the exception or one barrel iof flour, says Demonstration Agent l.. c. Pace MT. Stephens does not grow wheat as money crop, but be- lieves it pays him to grow enough to supply his own family needs, and he averages above F bushels to the acre on rather poor land
 The hay crop. much of which has all ready been harvested, is turning out quite well in Shelby county, says Dem- onstraton Agent J. N Wyatt. He re> ports that the hay crop is a great deal better shan was believed it could be few weeks ago. The farmers of this county are putting real effort into the proposl- tion of preparing the land we'll for big crop of wheat and oats, MT. Wyatt says.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03
Don t Wash Matching Egg

ing qualities There is a gelatinous sub stance on eggs which seals the pores of the shell. and water seems to dis solve it. When this substance is dis solved the air is admitted and decom- position begins. Washing also has a ten dency to harden the shell. letting too much moisture escape. and thus injuring the vitality of the egg.
 Dirty eggs should not be sent Na mar ket, however. They may be safely treat ed by using a wooden rag only slightly dampened with water to rub off the dirt Stains on eggs may be removed with cider vinegar. Clean nests will insure clean eggs.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03
Value of Straw as Feed
By CHARLES I. BRAY

With hay selling at a high price a greater use should be made of straw in fattening cattle Where straw is fed with alfalfa hay to the extent of one third the hay, the straw will almost re- place an equal weight of alfalfa. Oat straw makes a good combination with corn silage for wintering breeding stock A ration of l6.7 pounds corn silage, 9.6 pounds oat straw and 3.5 pounds clover hay, put on over 1 pound day gain on beef steers at the Illinois station Corn silage and straw are both cheap feeds and should be used as much as pos sibe when hay is so high in price, The straw should not form the entire Tough age ration for stock, but in judcious combinations may be made to show at least half the value of hay
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03
As to Weather

There never yet has been day
 That suited everyone: Winds failed to blow the proper way Or there was too much sun Or clouds were somber overhead.
 Twas sultry, damp or chilli Or something made hay-feyer spread, Or twas too calm and still. The weather claims it's ancient right
 To act as it sees fit. We may object with all our might,
 The weather will not quit. Why, even weather could not veer
 To suit our every mood; If you'll just av'rage up the year You'll find it pretty good.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03
RELATIVE HEATING VALUES

In heating value. one standard cord or well seasoned hickory, oak, beech, pirch. hard maple, ash. elm, locust, or cherry is approximately equal to one ton (2000 pounds) of anthracite coal. But cord and half of soft maple, and two cords of cedar poplar, or bass wood, are required to give the same amount of heat. One cord of mixed wood well-seasoned, equals in heat ing value at least one ton of average grade bituminous coal
 In the accompanying table is indicated the price the consumer can afford to pay for cord of wood as the equivalent of anthracite coal at various prices
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03
Bees Do Better

The condition of fall honey plants this year is somewhat lower than a year ago About 37 pounds of surplus honey per colony of bees was the estimated average yield by September this year, the bu- reau of crop estimates announces. This compares with S6 pounds to the same month in 1917 and 4s pounds in 1916.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03
Barley Biscuits

Barley biscuit made this way are very delicious. as well as economical: MIX l cup barley flour, cup wheat flour, l teaspoon salt and teaspoons baking powder Add sweet milk until of the right consistency to roll and cut. Put about tablespoons of grease on skillet, heat until very hot, put in biscuits, cover tight, and bake in skillet over slow fire on top of stove, When brown on one side, turn and brown the other side Gladys Miller
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03
METHOD OF MAKING CORDWoOD

The most common method of making cordwood is to cut the trees into 4-fooc
 lengths with the ax and split the larger pieces. The pieces are then piled in a standard cord, which is feet long. 4 feet high, and 4 feet wide. The con- tents are 12S cubic feet of which about 70 per cent is wood and 30 per cent air.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03
WOOD PROFITABLE FARM CROP

Firewood is expected to bring better profit this year than ever before. It is a much less perishable crop than many which the farmer raises. When property piled, the better kinds of wood will last fl om two to three years, although wood steadily deteriorates after the first year. To have the best heating value as well as to reduce the cost of hauling wood should be thoroughly seasoned, which means airdrying it from six to eight months. However, when piled so as to get good circulation of air, 50 per cent of the moisture may be removed In three months. Wood cut in October and No- vember, therefore, may be burned the lat ter part of the winter.
 The prices which cordwood likely will bring this year offer the farmer an op- portunity to improve his woodland by wedding out the inferior trees In tho past this has seldom been practicable, for the inferior wood was not market able, With the prices indicated for the coming winter, trimmings become practi- ca ble over a wide range of country in the vicinity of good markets. The woodland owner may secure specific information from his state forester, his county agent his state agricultural college, or from the United States forest service, Wash ington, D. C. ei
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03

A large amount of glass in the front of the house makes it warm during the day and cold at night. as glass radiates heat very rapidly. Unbleached muslin, or light weight of duck cloth is used for curtains in the fronts of poultry houses. This cloth should be thin enough tc allow slow circulation of air with out a draft, which object is defeated by using too heavy a grade of duck or by oiling or painting the cloth. The front of the house should be high enough so that the windows or openings will allow the sun to shine well back during the winter
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03

Europe's largest turbine is l5.WN horse rowel affair installed by Swiss hydro electric plant.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03
ROOF EXPENSIVE

most important part of the poultry house, and should be water-tight. Shingle roofs should have a one-third pitch, while those covered with paper or metal may have less pitch or be almost flat How ever, the greater the slope the longer the life of the roof
 The shed or single-slope roof is adapted to houses up to 16 feet in width. It is one of the easiest styles to construct It allows a high front to the house. and furnishes a northern slope for the roof on which roofing paper will last longer than on a roof which faces the south. The combination and semi-moni- tor roofs are adapted for buildings from l6 to 2i feet wide, while either of these styles, or the monitor and the gable roof may be used for wider buildings. The combination roof on a house over 16 feet wide gives the best head room at the least cost, reduces the amount of surplus air space and gives neat ap pearance to the buildings: while the semi monitor and monitor types are best for wide houses which have a central alley particularly brooder houses. The semi monitor house usually faces south, whlo the monitor type of roof is frequently used on buildings facing east or west
 THE GABLE ROOF
 The gable roof is used extensively for tWo-stofF puHulHBst TOT DrooQef houses, and for incubator cellars. This style of roof is usually celed at or slightly above the caves. or the gable may be filled with straw or some kind of absorbent material, which tends to keep such houses dry and warm. The A-shaped roof is used for growing coops and colony houses which, with q wall IS inches high provides a large amount of floor space with a minimum amount of lum- Der, but increases the roof surface, which is the most expensive part of the house.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03

Wood cut feet long can be sold to brlckyards, lmekilns, metal-working plants, and other industries, but is too large for household use. This method is used chiefly where the tree growth is comparatively small, as in second growth, because such wood splits easily.
 Another method, and one better adapt ed for old growth hardwoods, which are difficult to split, is to saw the tree into logs of convenient lengths, say from 1g to 15 feet. These are ''snaked' out to the edge of the woodland and there sawed and split into lengths proper for the stove or furnace. The saving is usually done by machine, driven either by gasoline or by electricity, The wood is piled feet high and feet long, such pile being called a stove wood" or running cord or run When the wood is sawed into 16-inch lengths, as is cus- tomary with stove material, three runs are theoretically equivalent to one cord Actually they contain somewhat mora wood, since small pieces can be packed more closely than larger ones.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03

front of the house should be high enough so that the windows or openings will allow the sun to shine well back during the winter.
 GOOD FLOOR IMPORTANT
 The best kind of a floor depends upon the soil and the use of the house. On light sandy, well drained soils dirt floor is satisfactory, especially for small or colony henhouses. Such floors should be from ? to inches higher thar the outside ground surface, and it is advisable to renew them each year by removing the contaminated surface down to clean soil, and to re- fill with fresh sand or fine gravel and earth A board floor is generally used where the level of the floor in the house is from 1 to feet above the ground surface and in portable houses on land which is not well drained. Board floors harbor rats and rot quickly. and should be raised some distance off the ground so that cats or dogs can get under them, which also allows a free circulation of air, to prevent the wood from rotting. Ce- ment floors are adapted to long, per manent buildings. brooder houses. in cubator cellars, and to all permanent houses where an artificial floor is re- quired and can be built on the ground level IneSe HOOPS are edSy tO CIcdIi, very sanitary. rat proof, and compara- lively inexpensive, if one has supply of gravel or sharp sand.
 BOOSTS AND DROPPING BOARDS
 The interior fixtures of the pens should be simple, portable. and iEeN- pensive. Roosts are usually placed next to the end or back walls. 6 to 10 inches above the dropping boards, while the latter are from 2 to 21a feet above the floor They should all be on the same level. otherwise the birds will crowd and fight to get on the highest roost. Scantling 2x3 inches or Gx4 inches, with the upper edges rounded off, makes good roosts with either the wide narrow surface up. Allcw to 10 inches of roost space per fowls, according to the size of the birds, Roosts should be placed about Is inches apart, but the outside ones may be within 10 inches of the edge of the dropping boards.
 Nests may be placed under the drop ping boards, on the partition walls, or in any convenient place where they do not take up ufloor space and should be arranged so that the birds can get into them easily. They should be 12 to IA inches square and 12 to 16 inches high, with a strip about inches high on the open side to retain the nesting material. Provide one nest for every four or five hens. Trap nests are es- sential in any careful breeding work, such as pedigree breeding, or the breeding of exhibition poultry.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-03
Fly MRS. JOHN c. MOSES

During the summer the poultry house question has not given the poultry keeper much concern. The chickens have hao the freedom of outdoor life most of the time and just so they had a clean, airy place, free from vermin, and covered with good roof to keep out rain was about all that was necessary. But as win ter approaches and weather conditions are such that the fowls must be confined more it is essential that their indoor quarters be made as comfortable as pos- sible. This is one of the requisites of winter egg production.
 The prime essentials in poultry houses are fresh air, dryness, sunlight and space enough to keep the birds comfortable The particular style of house is not im- portant, for house that gives satisfac- tion in the north will also give good re- suits in the south, but it is preferable to have more open and consequently less expensive houses in the south than ih the north. The location should have good water and air drainage so that the floor and yards will be dry, while the house should not occupy low pocket or hollow in which cold air settles. When it is possible, a southern or southeastern ex- posture should be selected, although this is not essential if there is any good req son for facing the house in different direction
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-01-21

Fine Colorado irrigated farm l70 acres
with 3'n shares p'ruclnnl water right
nlI level bind. excellent soil l2O acres
NOW I'm alfalfa, splendid house, hnrn,
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foo D.''m'ry owing iu urlncT In fam
IIv owner must sell nt ourri write to.
duv y T. Lynch. Model, cot, Las Ami
mus county
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-01-21
McKeevpr Brothers
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The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-01-21
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