davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15
Increased Need of Ships.

Desolated nations need new machin-
cry and extra raw materials to re-
sumo business, and there are troops
to be brought back to England and
commodities to be moved and more
persons to be transported than ever
before.
Any shipping story needs one defini-
ton of terms. Gross tonnage" refers
to a calculation based on cubic con-
tents of vessels; dead weight tom
mage" describes the cargo-carrying
capacity of a vessel. The latter term
was an invention of Mr.. Denman
erstwhile chairman of the shipping
board, and interchange of the terms
has invalidated many careless COM
parsons. Dead weight tonnage ap-
proximately is so per cent higher
than gross tonnage.
Granting that this need of more
shipping will be met. for economic
needs have way of being fulfilled.
the next question is: Who is to build
held supremacy of the seas, primarily
because of her shipping. Her naval
supremacy is a corollary to her great
merchant fleet. Normally, barring
the war. England today would be the
nation supplying the major portion of
the worlds increased demand for
shipping.
But because of the war the United
States was called upon, for reasons
every American knows. to launch
upon a shipping program unparallel-
ed in history. even by England.
Building Amazed England.
During the past year. England. de-
spite her war industries, turned out
100000 tons. gross. of shipping. Her
rnyyYn ferI1 ~1r Ill
building was 1.119.57S gross tons. in
1913. But by an almost unbelievab BILE
effort and to the profound admira ion
of England. the United States exceed
ed those figures by delivering to the
United States Shipping Board alone
1,s6s,s77 tons; gross. Of shipping be-
tween December ]. 1917. and Deem
Der 1. 1918, from American ship
yards. Nor does that figure include
all the shipbuilding in America dur
ing that year. nor foreign built ships
delivered to the shipping board.
That achievement, remarkable as
it is, has already drawn from pub
licists and from members of Congress
in speeches during the past week a
deduction which shipping experts re-
gard as somewhat ludicrous. The
deduction concerns what they term
our great mercantile marine fleet"
and, figuring on continued production
in peace time on a wartime basis,
they foresee within a few years
Americas merchant marine exceeding
that of England.
A glance at figures will correct
that somewhat rosy assumption. At
the beginning of the war Great
Britain Gncluding her colonies) had
81 ,45O.O gross tons of shipping. The
United Kingdom Gncluding Ireland
and Scotland) had 19.258.s $3.50 tons.
On June 30. 1914, the United states
had 5,36S, 1874 gross tons. of which
2,254,36S gross tons was seagoing.
Comparison Up to Date.
On November 1, 1918, the COMPARE
son stood: United Kingdom. H.
ssO,O4s tons, of which about 100000
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15

ToDAY finds American industry
facing the gravest crisis in its
history. Destiny knocks at the
door with an invitation to SPLEEN
did things, but the house in not in or
der. Instead of preparedness, there is
confusion; instead of harmony, there are
mutterings of dissension.
Destiny will pass by unless the house
is made ready speedily.
American industry, as represented by
capital and management, has viewed the
new industrial era largely, and in large
way has attempted to conform to its re-
quirements But capital and management
are only two parts of industry. A third
part is labor, no less essential than the
others.
Labor is not going the way of SPLEEN
did Destiny.
y LAME for this lack of step does not
u lie alone with labor. This third part
ner feels, and not without cause, that his
voice has not been sufficiently heard nor
his interests fairly considered in the coun-
ellis of the firm. The rights and privileges
of full partner having been denied him
in the past, he is not adequately assured
that the old order is not to be continued.
Among leaders of thought in indus
try, representing capital aud management,
there is growing recognition OF the fact
that labor is full partner and should be
treated as such. But recognition of this
fact, so far, has found expression only in
the utterances of individuals and in the
as the Chamber of Commerce of the state
of New York and like bodies.
VX7HAT is needed to make the house
w ready for the entertainment .of
Destiny and for the journeying with her
to splendid things is a great national pro-
nouncement of the equality of labor; an
assurance which will have back of it the
binding force of overwhelming public
opinion that industrial justice is as much
a part of the American creed of democracy
as is. the right of trial by jury. !, =.
This might we'll be accomplished by
a great congress here in Washington
made up of representatives of all the
diverse interests of the republic. To pre-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15
Put Up to Senate
to Do Right Thing.

LEGISLATION proposed by the popular
branch of Congress Every session of
Congress furnishes instances of the
House passing egislation-passing 1t
M to the Senate. in factor that
deliberative body to perfect or de-
feat.
This time 1t involved preservation
of the half-and-half principle for the
expenses of the federal district,
wherein is located the seat OF govern
ment Statesmen often have COM
mented upon the practice Of the
House in sending over what might
be called unfinished product of legis-
lation for Senate completion or re-
lection Sometimes the reason as
signed has been the disposition of the
House to make a record. leaving 1t to
the Senate to make the law.
In adding a rider to an appropria-
tion bill. changing the organic law
of the District, the House knew from
experience that the Senate has stead
lastly set its face against the pro-
cedure and was aware that refusal
10 assent would follow. One explana-
ton suggested of the recurrence of
the attempt to disrupt the fiscal sys-
tenn by an appropriation rider is the
general policy prevailing in the
House of sustaining committee ac-
. ton on appropriation bills. 1t is one
of the hardest things in legislative
effort to upset the committee on ap-
preparations. Members of the House
hesitate to array themselves against
the all-powerful committee-they may
have to ask favors or possibly already
have irons in the fire. 1t is we'll known
that some men who vote with the
committee on the half-and-half dis
sent In their better judgment from the
action: others absent themselves when
the vote is taken and thus let a ma
jority obtain by default. Fortunately
for justice and the welfare of the
AeAAa8al Caul4a1 tho SeQaEe Sou,-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15
Faith in Loyalty
of House Members.

this House I have como to believe
firmly in the real earnestness of pur-
pose, devotion to the right and the
unfailing and unfagging loyalty and
patriotism Of the entire membership
of Congress"
Mr.. Mann spoke from tho plenitude
of observation and association ana
his words were barbed with truth.
No one can better testify to this than
galleries of Congress. who are In daily
touch with the membership and know
what they are doing.
1t has been a long time now since
1t was at all the fashion for even the
yellow" magazines to picture an ele-
ment in Congress as corrupt, coming
to Washington because there was
something in it." The newspaper
writers, Of whom there are some 200
accredited to membership in the corps
of Washington correspondents. with a
semi-off1cial standing since they are
responsible to the committee on rules.
know the rank and file Of congress-
men to be as Mr.. Mann described
them. They work hard and con-
scientiously in committees. taking in
terest in the specialties Of legislation
to which they are assigned on COM
mittees. and following the work con-
scientiously on the floor.
And because they do not remain all
day in the benches or at the desks In
their respective chambers Is no indf-
cation they are not busy. There is
vast amount of work involved In cor
respondence and every day there are
things to be done for their constitu-
ents. requiring them to pad the cor
ridors Of the departments on missions
they would not undseGAkosfoe px1yate
clients Tor 49,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15

FTER lapse of seventy-one
~ wears. control of the tele-
~ graph wires of the country Is
again in the hands of the
limited States government. Is this
control to be given up and the wires
restored to private hands? Or is the
government to transform government
control during war times into perma-
nent government ownership and OPP
Grafton in times of peace?
Under the act of Congress author
izine the President to take over the
telegraph and telephones. the wires
automatically go back to the private
owners when peace Is proclaimed by
the President. It rests with Congress
whether the law is to be AMENDED.
alton of the telegraph wires was for
three years. and the entire system"
that consisted only of line stretched
from Washington to Baltimore. On
March 3. 1S43. Congress appropriated
sao 600 to test the practicability Of
the eIectromaRnetic telegraph of Morse.
A wear later communication was opened
Nv wire between the capital and Balti-
more.
Under Treasury First Year.
For the first year it was operated
under the Secretary of the Treasury.
but was then transferred to the POST.
master General. Henry Clay In 1874
advocated permanent INT government ta anaa en-
fest It is destined to exert great in
f1uence on the business affairs Of So
ciety. think such an engine should
be exclusively under the control of
the government"
Rut the telegraph service between
washington and Baltimore was not
seif-supporting, and in 1916 Congress
nasaed a law authorizing its sale to
private persons. The following year
the Postmaster General, much against
his will, disposed Of the line.
Now another Postmaster General.
Mr.. Burleson, as have practically all
men who have held that Office since
1S47. is making urgent recomme nda-
ton to Congress that the government
become the owner and operator of the
telegraph system and OF the telephone
and cable systems as well.
Bill Now Before Congress.
A bill for this purpose was intro
duced In the House Friday by Chair
man Moon OF the post once commit
tee. This measure extends the gov
eminent operation Of the wires in
definitely (until otherwise ordered by
Congress-, IL the language and pro-
vides for putting into effect a law
enacted July "a. 1866. which provides
for a commission to appraise the tele-
graph systems and authorizes their
nurchase. This law has remained on
the statute books for fifty-two years
without being put into effect. The
pending bill adds the telephone sys-
TENS to the telegraph, authorizing a
valuation Of them and their purchase
by the Postmaster General, subject to
1.-THE approval Of Congress-. :.
xAiA - - administration measure
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15

is so efficient, and must be so efficient as
a whole, as to overcome this handicap.
Otherwise, Destiny will go elsewhere with
the things she has in store.
y.
TN THE congress to assure industrial
/ justice there should be representation
of every American interest, forJthe we'll
being of the people as a whole is para
mount to that of any class or faction. The
specific interests of capital and labor en-
gagged in mining and manufacture, in agri-
culture and transportation are inferior to
the general interests of the nation.
To give weight to such congress
there should sit in it representatives of
the federal government and the govern
ments of the states. The great political
parties should be represented by their
leaders. There should be spokesman for
education and for religion. A delegation
from the army which went overseas
would give additional significance to the
proceedings.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15
FEDERAL RESERVE LAW GUARDS
UNITED STATES AGAINST PANICS
Worth of Banking System Proved in Stress of
War and During Present Days
of REIMBURSEMENT.

Of panic, but not one of these will
germinate-the federal reserve law
Is in force. bankers are paying out
cash over their counters. extending
however solved these problems will
not lead to financial trouble.
Tried in the most strenuous serv-
ice. the crucible of wars demands,
the federal reserve law has made i'm
mensely good; it works with the
anced, well oiled bit of superior
mechanism.
The ease with which the tremen-
dous financing of the war for the
United States and in aid of its allies
has been conducted - operations
changing the denomination of mil
lions heretofore the near-maximum
of fiscal operations, to billions-has
provided unthought-of financing.
never even approximately possible
under the old national bond-secured-
currency lava wonder in its day. is
to the credit of the federal reserve
system.
Founded on European Systems.
Founded on the great European
banking systems that have been
working smoothly for many years.
with the substitution of central
board of control and twelve. branches.
instead of a central bank. this great
system, the product of years of study
and effort, has made good.
Just how the financial problems of
the war would have been handled
without this measure, which offers
continual liquidation of credits
through the medium of rediscount
ing, is problem.
When one stops to think of the pos
sibilities of such gigantic financing
under the national currency act, it is
but to think of the impossible.
Under the provisions Of the Aldrich-
vreeland emergency currency law,
which, fortunately. was on the books
exigencies, when the war broke out,
$500, 00O,0 900 was the maximum of its
usefulness.
Today the Treasury Department
floats Treasury certificates to the
amount Of $500.000.000 bi-weekly. It
bonds, and hopes to float SIS, 900, 600, 900
more in short order.
Normal Banking Continued.
And with these gigantic operations,
normal banking operations are car
ried on just the same. Credits are
granted the merchant, the manufac-
turer, the builder. the trader, the i'm
porter and the shipper.
Ono of the sponsors for the federal
reserve law. in making plain it's
workingsto the bankers Of Washing
ton, made this statement:
with this law in force there can
be no honest bank failures among
banks in the federal reserve system
He then elucidated as follows:
Honest failures are the result Of a
bank being unable to liquidate It's
assets in times of stress in order to
meet the demands of its depositors for
their cash.
Under this measure, the banker
may rediscount his assets with the
federal reserve bank Of which he 10 q
lContinnNd On .ThiEd Ieeol
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15
War Revenue Bill
to Pass Speedily.

but a few days ago long wrangling
and opposition appeared to threaten
early action 1t is suggested that an
intimation-it will not be called
threat-from Leader Kitchin of the
House had something to do with fos-
tering this disposition to expedite the
bill. 1t is said that Mr.. ktchln
caused it to be known that he has
prepared resolution for the 1mpo-
sition of a straight tax of so per
cent on all war profits. in event OF
tie-up of the revenue bill.
The spectacle of the tall North
Carolinian stalking about gloom1iy
and frowningly with that little paper.
already drawn up. in his breast coat
pocket is having a wonderfully slim
ulating effect upon those who would
prefer, as alternative to SO per cent
fiat, the present modified taxes on
nrofits. it is declared. That is what
Is called having something up the
sleeve"
This Mr. Kitchin is one of the mild
est-mannered men who ever cut
eordian knot or scuttled minority,
but he is powerfully tenacious. He
has way with him. it has been OBJ
served by his colleagues. of being
gentle, smooth-spoken and concilia-
tory. but of somehow gaining his
point. During his leadership he has
done more things by unanimous con-
sent than some other leaders have
been able to do with the aid of spe-
cial orders from the committee on
rules. He will surrender the floor
leadership in the next House to
Champ Clark, but before he steps
down he intends to make fight to
the finish for a revenue bill pretty
nearly approaching the House meas
ure.
Once again Is the Senate called upon
title of 1.-THE great
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15
Shipping a World Problem.

First of all the shipping problem is
a world problem. There is urgent need
of more ships. No one disputes that.
The total tonnage of the world on
June 80, 1914, as shown by Lloyd's
register, was 49,0S9,552 tons. gross.
Through U-boat operations and enemy
seizure, this tonnage, on November l,
1918, stood at 45.201,S21. The ship
ping loss in the four-year period was
about 100000 tons, gross, and the
total construction but 100000 gross
tons.
But the actual present deficit is
greater than the 100000 tons indi-
cated-a fact generally overlooked.
Had the usual proportion of increase
in the output of shipping been unin-
terrupted by the war. the worlds tom
mage today would be about 59,300,000
tons instead of 45,201.S21. Thus the
real deficit is at least 100000 tons.
"At least" because, in fact, the need
has increased faster than the usual
factor of building increase.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15

THERE would be no need to attempt
/ to set up in detail the machinery by
which industrial justice was to be as
sured, The superstructure would rear it
self, once the foundations were 1aidfdeep
and strong. The trainers of the Constitu-
ton did not attempt to enact the statutes
required to make effective the principles
they laid down.
The American Constitution is the
grand charter of political liberty, a bea-
con and a guide for lovers of liberty
throughout the world. What now is needed
is grand charter of social and industrial
justice, which would be equally a beacon
and guide for all peoples who seek to
follow in the footsteps of the great re-
public.
THE idea of league of nations, to as
l sure the peace of the world by en-
forcing justice and fair dealing among gov
ernments and to protect the weak against
the strong, has taken hold of the magma
tons of men and today is a possibility Of
achievement.
If this ideal is possible of realization,
who will say that it Is not HDtsib1e: Arneri-
cans should organize among themselves a
league to enforce justice and fair dealing
and to protect the weak against the
strong?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15
What Congress Is Doing
Lawmakers Now Engaged in Important Task
of Taking Billions of Peoples Money and
Providing for Its Wise Expenditure.
BY n. O. MESSENGER.

- oNGRESs this week will be
engaged in the important
4 task of reaching into the tax
payers pockets for such
stray funds as may be left
therein after the drain of liberty
loan, Red Cross and divers other war
subscriptions of the past year and a
half. and directing its outlay during
the next fiscal year upon the various
uses of government administration.
1t is not a pleasing undertaking,
either in the abstraction of moneys
from the taxpayers or their alloca-
ton. Congress cannot, however. say,
as the stern parent does when adj
ministering discipline to his offspring:
1T hurts me more, my son, than II
does you There will be outcries
from the contributors to the taxes.
each class wailing that it has to give
too much, and protests from the re-
cpients of appropriations that they
are not given enough. Nobody VIII
be quite satisfied. it may be assured.
This ungracious work of raising
devolves upon the ways and means
committee of the House and the
finance committee of the Senate for
the intake. and the appropriations
committees of the two bodies for the
outgo. The Senate and House sane
ton the action, but in the long run
they follow the recommendation OF
their committees. So that these COM
mittees constitute at this time the
most stupendous business organiza-
ton for raising and spending money
in the world, a going concern with
turnover" of astounding magni-
tude But the resources of the ma
ton apparently can stand any strain
put upon them. 1t has been mar
vel, ever since the war commenced,
how much money there is in the
country and with what confidence
and cheerfulness the people mort
gage the future for what is not now
in sight.
Resultant from a sudden change of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15
BY G. GOULD LINCOLN
OF The Start STAR.

A FTER a lapse Of seventy-one
~ years, control of the tele-
~ graph wires of the country is
! - hands 0f the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15
BY j. r. HILDEBRAND
OF The Star STAFF.

r OUR years ago the average
X American regarded shipping
only as good raw material for
fiction. Most business men, if
they considered the subject at
Aall, conceded it might be good thing
to encourage shipbuilding. like, man
ufacturing percolators or cattle
raising, but they sensed no immediate
connection with their daily business.
All that has changed. Sometimes
1914 seems almost prehistoric. The
progressive business man today is
keenly concerned about shipping. He
had his lesson. Even before the United
States entered the war he was made
to realize that shipping tonnage
meant not only an outlet for a few
manufacturers who sought foreign
markets, but it meant the inlet for
raw materials without which the
manufacturer and distributor could
not keep on making and selling their
wares.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15

Representative Mann took occasion
in the House the other day to mako
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15

Resultant from a sudden change of
attitude in the Senate. speedy pas
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-15

Once again is the Senate called upon
70 Justify its title of 1.-The great
The Clio messenger., 1918-10-04

friends who from the time of Frank
lin, in many column and in many
class room, have preached the cult
of France. She can thank, above all,
her own men of genius who have
made the French spirit eloquent and
sung to all the world the beautiful
song which is France. 1t would be
interesting, for example, if one
could measure in terms of lusty AM
erican regiments now going into bat
tie against Frances enemy, the ulti-
mate recruiting force of such mas
terpiece as Daudet's "The Last
Class"
Now when ancient French towns
are appearing as new names in Amer
lea school books, when millions of
Americans are storing or will store
the memories of their youth with the
things of France, the old comradeship
between the two Republics seems
destined to be deepened and the pro-
phet, straining his eyes along the
vista of a thousand years, can see the
shadow of no quarrel between them.
Stars and Stripes.
The Clio messenger., 1918-10-04

Pupils in the kindergarten and
first grade who have been neither
absent nor tardy during the month
of September are: Gilbert Gillett,
Dorlose Carl, Evelyn Ford, Mona
Caine, Paul Chappell, Claude Lown,
James Newman, Sheldon Stills, Law
renee Richey, Archie Mccormick.
Richard Houghton, Jennie Cum
mings, Hildred Gere, Alice French,
Merton Phillips, Ellen Dingman,
Esther McLane, Ralph Wadsworth,
Margaret Stevens, Eta Warner, Hell
en- Burr, Howard Dunlay, Annabelle
Nicholson, Lawrence Scutts, Berneda
Wymer, Ithurmer Lowell, Marvin
Waggoner, Thomas Conquest, Charles
Woolson, Harley Collins, Laura
Scutts, Beatrice Butler, Naoma
Handy, Andrew Leach and Norman
Pierce.