davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21
Queries and Answers
Mourning for a Husband

3. L.-Will you please tell widow
"lthout previous experience how to
mourn for her deceased husband?
There is no hard and fast rule laid
down to govern widow in mourning
namely, grieving over the death of
her husband. Mourning is matter
OF sentiment that entirely depends upon
the love and attachment the bereaved
person felt for the departed, and lasts
SO long as the loss is felt and the de-
sire for new happiness is not awakened
IN the heart. There are, accordinelv.
WIDOWS who will mourn until death.
whlle others will be consoled after the
span OF twenty-four hours. 1t is diff
ferent, however. with the institution
OF mourning established by etiquette.
with rules for the display of grief
no matter whether really felt or not
at the death of a husband, to which
the inquirer probably refers.
In England this etiquette requires
that the widow wear deep mourning,
consisting of woollen stutfs and crepe
TOR about two years. After six months
the crepe can be removed, and after
twelve months the widows cap is left
OF and the heavy veil is exchanged for
lighter one. In this country no per-
SON. IN mourning for husband is ex
pected to be seen at a concert, din
ner, party, or at any other place OF
public amusement before three months
have passed. After that one NAV be
seen at concert. But to go to a din
ner or a party before six months have
elapsed is considered heartless and
dlsrespectful. If one chooses, as many
do, not to wear mourning, they can
go unchallenged to any place of amuse-
ment' but If they put on mourning
they must respect it's etiquette. OF
late years the number of people who
do not wear mourning dress has con-
slderably increased, and these do not
feel obliged to seclude themselves so
strictly, unless this is in accordance
with their own feelings
In the territory of the Congo there
is tribe whose institution of mourn
ing for its widows is even more toIe-
rant than in this country. The dura-
tion of widowhood depends there on
the wind. After the death OF her hus-
band the inconsolable widow is COM
PEELED TO place flag on the roof of
her house. So long as the flag does
not stir the widow must not turn her
thoughts from the departed: nc soon
er, however, is the flag agitated by
the wind, and be it the slightest breeze.
she not only is free but almost in duty
bound TO remarry. Such, at least, is
required by the bon ton. The wind
test is not required if the husband
happens to die on stormy day. IL
TINS event 1t Is not necessary at all
shat the much afflicted widow plant
the flag on her house in order to con-
sole herself with new husband.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21

AS matter of, fact, British labor
stands solid behind President Will
sons fourteen points. At the cali
of-America hearts are brave again
and arms are stlong. A hint from
America sways our Parliament and
guides our government. But we
have so many other wounds to heal
that we do not like to be auouuded
by America. And it would hurt US
very much if our great Congress
of Labor displayed once more the
American chair-still empty.
l don't think that some of you
quite realize how much we value
your regard. Some years ago
twisting the British lions tail was
quite popular pastime among
American politicians. AS the Brit
lsh lion is usually fast asleep he did
not suffer very much, but l can as
sure you that British politicians
would as soon think of twisting the
coattalls of Uncle Sans attractive
costume as they would think of
sneering at their own mother. I
wonder whether you know that in
our churches it is the regular GUS
tom for US to pray every week and
often every day for your President
and your Republic? There is not 4
town or. village where you are no,
thus remembered by name-at any
rate, l have usually heard such an
lntercession. Really, these are not
times when we can afford to give one
another rebutfs. And this, 1 am
sure, is the view of all who rea |
these words.
Possibly you dislike our plunges
into socialism. l admit that we
have shown considerable economic
daring. The British government
owns or controls the postoffice, tele-
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21

The value of good music in the home
cannot be overestimated. Fortunate
the child whose ear is accustomed
from the cradle to beautiful sound and
melody. And yet even more fortunate
the child who is accustomed to hear
ing the singing voices of those about
him. Children love to hear songs,
children's songs, big peoples songs and
folk songs. They love to hear the
songs Of long ago when mother was
a child. And the lullaby grandma ther
cially a bed time song, sung at the
crib before the final good night"
Helpful List of Books
Ac to books, there are the standard
ones, the Mother Goose Nursery
Rhymes, the simple animal story books
and the fairy tales in simple form. A
helpful list of modern books, picture
and story books, has been carefully
reviewed and listed by the Federation
for Child Study, 2l9 West Tooth Street,
New York City. The Bureau of Educa-
tion also has suitable lists of children's
booEs.
story telling is a great art, and the
mother or father who has this gift can
give their children unbounded joy and
story hour that will never be forgotten
AS for moral influences in the homo,
il is the words the child hears us
sneak, the things he sees us do which
will have the greatest effect on his
nature, such as respectful care and
tender affection toward the grand
mother, the grandfather, the aunt, the
uncle. our attitude toward those in
our employ, etc. Family festivals will
make ever glorious Impressions on the
chiid,s mind.
The spirit Of charity should per
neate the home. The little child is
too young to know how to help the
lesz fortunate, but he will imbibe the
home spirit and with his growing
understanding adopt the ideals by
which he is surrounded
Above ell other influences the most
telling is that which the parents create
fy rneans Of their relationship TO each
other. II peace rci9ns supreme and
father and mother lIye as one. haVihg
Il deep, true. earnest affection Tor nach
other, facing together the joys ana sor"
rows and supplementing each others
strength at every turn, there Is
no greater legacy parents can leave
their children than the influence ano
memory nf ouch horns.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21
By Mrs. Bertha Goodkind

T ANY parents fail to realize that
wi the child born to them is not
possession, is not thing to
aould according to their own desires,
'ae'r own personal ambitions, Or their
'7n social aspirations. We must rid
sasseiyes from the very start OF this
'sHse OF ownership and begin from the
s'aaie to look upon the child as an
.aaissdual being, whose sacred right it
% unfold his own self with the help,
are, nurture and love due him.
"aat definite means can the home
4aops for the best development Of the
ssAd IN the first six years Of his life :?
ss, with regard TO the things which
...si,oand the chlid-furniture, pictures,
ssAss toys, clothes and ornaments. In
~ lar may these lend themselves to
~ aeYelopment?
"a Ine room in which the child spends
ssas .ss of his time indoors, the furniture
sAs 20 oe plain enough so that he can
.sa,.s great harm IN playing freely
,,M.'.. A small Kindergarten chair and
~ 70 WORK on are almost indispensa-
m ~ The chiid's room kindergarten
g,.sssialz can be obtained from Milton
rSeisy Company, Springfield, Mass, or
T.ss I. Co., 10 Murray Street, New
k..a. Both companies send free cata-
k.s upon request. A. good black
Isa saIs saclsd be hung securely or the
b., ior from the hour ne can toddlc,
ss. eaiid 'wiIi delight in chalk mark
,s!.' and these even then will have
wss ss because Of the muscle dcycIop-
as Afforded the arm and hand.
- Pictures Should BE His
ne pictures On the wall in the child's
~ ym enght to be distinctly for him,
-. aaag low enough 10 that he mag
Ss go mem down and handle them when
IA ne chooses. Every child likes color
~ delights 10 the stormy picture, .
~ II picture which nag a story connected
a,i hs enid nay be tangh. TO discrioi-
e. - between his own .fainzs ard those
xsnsafg 20 others by being allowed
sgl,si. s.sl the family living room where
sls.a.rs sgs.aer,s and fAsher's books and their
sss,ssastA ~. and furniture are used With
xss Ssfd caution. In this way IL will
~ be possible TO isad him gradually
sss az appreciation of the adrit's
s,sssd sssssd VI art in pictures, music and
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21
WORKERS. and Socialists of Nations Fighting Germany Hope to
See official Representatives of American Federation at NEXT
Conference They Can Be Sent Without Sacrifice of Unitv

no tales. They cannot defend them
selves even against sincere Ameri-
can misgivings. They are dead.
They are buried. Their alleged
pacifism is six feet deep. No more
platform perorations for them.
What British Labor
Really Stands For
Yes, it is said, but what about
Snowden? What about Ramsay
Macdonald? Get rid of these men
and we will overlook the pro-Ger-
man grumbles of the British work
lngman. Sometimes it. almost
seems as if Jealous Americans
wished, as it were, to submit our
public men to a kind of political
quarantine, to make quite sure that
they are free from the contaminat.
ing disease of Lansdowne-hea
ness.
Rightly or wrongly, British labor
stands for freedom Of consciencs
and liberty of speech. If inan~dis-
agrees with the war he is permitted
to say So. We find that people
fight better and work harder when
they are encouraged to speak their
minds and hear not one side only,
but all sides. You do not under
stand us. We do not mind fighting
Germans, especially when Germans
are up against us three to one. Out
of six young men in the houses
Immediately adjoining my own five
are wounded, four are dead, and
two were killed after returning to
service healed of wounds. We are
always ready to fight majorities-
with the odds against us. But If
you require US to trample down
minorities-if that is to be our test
of patriotism-if the few and the
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21

Then there is the Liberty Bank"
the Liberty Theatre" and Liberty
Land,' all forcing upon the attention
of the public in an entertaining way
the need Of digging down into its
pockets for Liberty dollars. Parades,
airship flights and other Liberty Loan
stunts" galore are written up at
length in the newspapers as a phase of
the days news in which the people
generally have become deeply interest
ed.
in the same way every city, town and
hamlet in the New York Federal Re-
serve district is carrying on its par
ticular Liberty Loan "stunt" in its own
particular way The novel ideas put
into operation, the queer devices Gre
ated to centre the attention Of the peo-
pie on the Liberty Loan cause the
imagination to go lame. They suggest
ingenuity gone out of its head. But
the cumulative psychological effects Of
these "stunts,' multiplied as they are
many hundreds of times. expert bond
statesmen say add nightly to the mo-
mentum Of the Liberty Loan drive.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21

walton all buy Liberty Bond. What
you going to do"
To attract crowds they dance and
sing The music, although produced by
modern instruments, is of the same
weird character as that to which the
heroes of the "Leather-S Stocking Tales
danced and sang.
The Onondagas are working with the
members of the Liberty Loan Com
mlttee for the Utica-Syracuse district,
and, according to James Sheldon, the
chairman, they have played an impor-
tant part in awakening interest in the
drive being carried on upstate.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21

weak, are to be battened into 81
lence, you must seek other allies
than the English. We listen to our
pacifists because we hold that every
British subject Of the Crown is en-
titled to his opinions. That is what
we mean by personal liberty. In
our Parliament and in our labor
congresses pacifists are heard free
ly. 1t was SO when we fought Ma
poleon. Fox was instantly up
against Pitt. You must take US as
we are-those that are left of US.
They Intend to
Have Their Say
Then it is said, Yes, but what
about these. International confer
ences? This shaking hands with
the -bloodyfHun? Now, I hold no
brief for international conferences
and I don't love the bloody Hun.
Nor, apparently, does he love the
British. But tell you plainly that
British workers intend to have
their say about the duration of this
war and the terms of peace. And
so would you if you had buried
100000 of your bravest and best.
That is one reason why I want to
see American influence brought to
bear on the European situation.
Suppose that our men are wrong
headed. What precisely will be the
condition of your own heads when
you have been four years at war?
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21
The Sopwith Camel"

H. H.-The Sopwith camel" is typi-
cal of the single-seater fighting class
of biplane. and carries by way of
armament two fixed machine guns.
The nickname "camel" was suggest
ed by the hump on the back of the
fuselage. This hump served as head
rest for the pilot, and also served
TO lessen the air suction: it is. how
ever, less pronounced on later models.
In appearance this machine is dis
tinctive on account of the upward
slope of the lower planes, the top re-
naming fat.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21
Subscriptions Send
Them Over the Top"


In the group of counties comprising
the Buffalo district, which come under
the leadership Of Ray Norris, scores of
towns have launched intensive drives
to raise their quotas during the last
week, and the Liberty Loan workers
have given free play to their inventive
genius in thinking up ways to awaken
interest in the campaign. Across the
state, in the city of Troy, which is in
the district Of which Charles S. Sar-
gent, jr., is chairman, the trench
stunt" for recording the progress of
the loan is keeping thousands of ordi-
narily sober minded citizens on the tip
toe of expectancy.
AS the residents of Troy "come
across" with their subscriptions per
fectly good, stuffed soldier is jumped
forward trench or two on his way
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21
Just to Show What
War Would Be Like

The point is emphasized by the
Gatling gun incident which stirred the
city of Bridgeport to a high state of
excitement, as related by Colonel
Franklin @. Brown, chairman for the
sub-district which includes Fairfield
County, Connecticut. On the morning
the present Liberty Loan drive started
the residents of that city were sud-
denly aroused to a sense that some
thing out of the ordinary was taking
place by the terrifying rattle Of ma
chine guns in action. Men and women
rushed from their homes, many Of
them fearful that the Germans had
actually succeeded in effecting land
ing, until. impelled by curl osity to
seek out the place whence came the
sound of the "bomb mbardmeut," they dis
covered the meaning of it. An ener-
getic Liberty Loan committee had COM
mandcered a consignment Of twenty
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21
By P. w. Wilson
(Anserican Correspondent of .The London Doiy Ne,c>

AM about to discuss a some
what delicate subject-that
is the relations between or
.,;.ed labor in Europe and Amer.
write with the more freedom
s..suse. with the raising of the age
s,;t in England, | am now liable
~ service in the army, and it is
men to the authorities at any time
!. .sk me to lay down this pen for
..h.r and more important duties.
,,parently the position is that
.s;le labor and socialism in Italy,
v,ance. neutral countries and Brit
in frequently meet and consider
.ow TO make the world safe for de-
nocracy, they have not the advan-
tase. at present of receiving authos'
;.ad and official American counsel.
vour chair at the round table is
.untv. Scratch deputations from
.. visit YOU and scratch deputations
.,om YOU visit US, and this inter
.hanee of hospitality, has a value.
put the Federation of Labor, over
which Mr.. Gompers presides with
,uch craftsmanship and authority,
feels it advisable still to stand
sloof. / am sure that there must be
rood reasons for this attitude, but
7 am not quite clear what those rea-
sons are.
America Would Receive
A Warm Welcome
America has certainly received
Invitations. A warm welcome would
await her spokesmen. At the last
.unference there was some talk
about dates not being convenient,
Init we all know that this must have
ieen eamoudage. Dates can be
ixed up all right. Then, there is
obviously a domestic difficulty. Mr..
Gompers has a heavy burden 20
AIRY. In country of many indi-
Yidual opportunities, where capital
IS still suspicious Of trade unions
and mortified at socialism. he is
holding together great movement
which includes men Of many racial
origins and many languages. More
over, it is probably fact that our
Labor party is more numerous in
proportion to population and, in
deed, more numerous absolutely
than anything you have here. I am
told that the Steel Trust, with hun
dreds of thousands Of employees, can
still run as an open shop. Under
these circumstances, it has seemed
to be wise leadership to limit the
aims Of the Federation in two ways.
First, the Federation keeps clear of
politics; and, secondly, it avoids
International socialism. Broadly,
it is felt that the latter ideal leads
one via Stockholm to Brest-Litovsk,
and by clinging firmly to patriot
ism on the one hand and simple, in
dustrial bargaining on the other
Mr.. Gompers steers an even course,
settles many a dispute, secures
many a concession, checkmates
many pro-German and runs down
many Stacker. For this veteran
pioneer it is a fine personal achieve
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21
Child raining at Home
By Mothers Who Have Been kindergarten Teachers

prepared uuder t direction of the United
the National kindergarten Association
o has her aiig into practice
embodies the vdom she has learned II
helpful them and them to
reaching all the mothers of the
country.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21

Nothing is lost by doing the gra-
cious, the sympathetic thing. But
among men who are hungry, anx-
ious and sore at heart much may
be lost by doing the opposite. Per-
sonally, l think. that an interna-
tional labor conference would have
led to what President Wilson calls
utter disi1lusionment.'' In Ger
man socialism I cannot myself find
as yetthe common ground that Some
expect. But, let me remind you, the
bolsheviki, even when they had laid
down their arms, received mes
sage from the White House. With
all his errors, the British workman
has laid down neither arms nor
tools. Is he really to be condemned
as a comrade unfit for patriotic So
clety because a certain item. which
many of us deem to be ill-adyised
appears on his agenda?
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21

propelling force derived from the influx
of subscriptions rises or falls.
Fanciful, perhaps, but the times are
not prosaic
When business man of mature
years and quiet habits rushes excitedlv
up to Liberty Loan booth, signs his
name to a goodsizcd block of war
bonds and then demands the privilege
of giving a stuffed etfigy of ugliness
vicious boot on its way to a watery
grave. it may be,sdifficult to repress a
smile, but there is no mistaking the
sincerity of his emotion.
When a. Banker
Dances a Jig
Behind that kick is the same impulse
to energetic action that prompts a
banker to divest himself Of the aus
terity acquired in the years when the
world was at peace and respond to any
demand made upon him, whether it be
to dance jig, make a speech or lead
band of Onondaga Indians.
The "stunt" becomes the outward
symbol of the organized effort to stir
the people of community to enthu-
siasm and keep them alive to the i'm
perative need of responding to the ap-
peal to their patriotism.
In greater New York during the two
weeks in which the drive to raise war
funds for the government has been
under way there has been plenty CT
opportunity to observe what an impor-
tant part in the life Of the city the
various Liberty Loan activities have
assumed. Each day thousands crowd
into the open space in front of the his
toric Sub-Treasury Building, in Wall
Street, where "movie" star Of the
first magnitude may be scheduled to ap-
pear, while more thousands are massed
around the Liberty Bell'' in City Hall
Park, listening to eloquent pleas by
noted men and women for all to buy
Liberty bonds.
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21
Stands Solid Behind
Wilson S Position

There was day, not so long ago,
when even Americans were advised
to be of neutral mind. That was
Ramsay Macdonald's attitude. He
was of neutral mind. He wanted
his country to be kept out of war.
is it quite inconceivable that he
may have come to see things more
clearly? Why should the neutra.
mind have been a crime in England
when it was virtue in America Z?
New-York tribune., 1918-04-21
1t Is Important
o Preserve Unity

However, all this is not my busi-
ness. American wage earners, as or
ganlzed, must themselves review their
own destinies. At this time it is
important to preserve their unity
intact. On the extreme left flank
there is always the I. w. w. If,
then, essential unity be menaced by
association with European COM
rades, then we shall all understand
the position. But very different
explanation has gone forth. It is
that the responsible leaders of the
Federation are not quite satisfied
that the. European standard Of
loyalty and sacrifice to the common
cause is equal to the needs of the
case. They are a little bit shy of
Mr.. Arthur Henderson, who has lost
a son in the war, and Mr.. Albert
Thomas, who organized French mu-
nitions, and M. Vandevelde, of Bel
gium, and M. Branting, who led the
Swedish Liberals against the pro-
German court at Stockholm. Some
Americans fear that these eminent
men on the other side have been
gassed with Bolshevikism. The
Labor party in Britain is to-day at
least half the British nation. For
many days during the past few
weeks our comrades have been dy-
ing in France at the rate of more
than one minute. Dead men tell