davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1918-04-14
Aviation Training Camp to Reopen

The Army aviation training camp at
Mineola, Long Island. which has been
closed for the winter. will be reopened
tomorrow, it was learned at the War De-
partfnent.
Evening star., 1918-04-14
Mrs. Cross Chairman of Committee.

Mrs. Whitman Cross Is chairman of
the committee directly in charge of the
task of registering, weighing and
measuring the children under six years
old in the District Of Columbia Asso-
ciated with her In the work are Miss
Mary Gwynn, Miss Marion Oliver, Mrs.
Archibald Hopkins, Mrs Louis Brown
low. Miss Estelle Wheeler, Mrs. Edna
Bushee, William Baldwin, DR.. W. c.
Woodward and a host of others inter-
Sested in welfare work for the Ma
tional Capital.
Evening star., 1918-04-14

Herman Brown. colored, eight years
old. $50 Rhode Island avenue, ran
against a wagon while hurrying across
the street in front of 56 r street yes
terday and was injured about the face
and legs. He was taken to Freedmen's
Hospital
Evening star., 1918-04-14

A group Of Washington professional
and business men met at the Y. NJ. C. A.
last evening to hear A. H Whitford,
director of the bureau of finance of the
association war work council, explain
the ways in which the fund realized
from the recent financial campaign has
been expended for the benefit of SOL
diers of the United States and this ma
tion's allies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-22
PROBLEMS OF
LABOR IS THEME
American Association for
Legislation to Meet in
Richmond This Week.

Postwar labor problems, such as
labor standards to be fixed in the
peace treaty, absorption of munitions
workers and soldiers and sailors into
industry. and adequate protection
generally against unemployment, will
he among the topics discussed at the
annual meeting of the American AS
ISOLATION for Labor Legislation, to be
held in Richmond December % and Is
John b. Andrews, secretary of the
association, in a statement, points to
important legislation awaiting action
by Congress. Among these measures
are those for vocational rehabi.ita-
ton of crippled industrial workers
development of a federal-state EN-
ployment service, and Workmen'
health insurance laws.
Hugh Frayne, chairman of the la
Dor division of the War Industries
| Board, will discuss practical aspects
of mastering out war workers.
International phases or LABOR re,
construction, especially the demand
of interallied labor conferences for
the inclusion of a universal minimum
of protective standards, will be con-
sidered.
Among the Washingtonians who
| will read papers and their SUBJECTS
are: Ordway Tead of the bureau OF
Industrial research, who will speak
| on the labor supply during the de-
mobilization period and prevention
of unemployment: Royal MeeKer
commissioner of the United States
bureau of labor sta tistics. who VIII
talk on Future Developments OF
Van Kleeck. director of the women
| in industry. whose subject Will ne
.'Problems of Woman Workers Dur
| ing Reconstruction"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-22

they point out, in citing Henry Ford.
who raised wages 90 per cent and in
creased his output 100 per cent, and
to American railroads, which pay
er than European roads. as practical
demonstrations that high v.-GeS do
| not handicap successful competition.
Attitude of Labor Department.
Further verification of the state
ment that what labor wants is appli-
cation Of collective bargaining is to
be found in the attitude of the De-
partment of Labor. Standing since
its organization for that principle.
which entails organization of labor.
the department suggested the War
mobilizing labor. The board operated
by mutual consent of capital and la
Dor as a sort of court of arbitration.
Though it disappears with the COM
ing of peace. an agency which is con-
sidered a principal factor in its sue
ton of the Department of Labor
The whole aim of this division has
been to bring employers and workers
together. and not to impose its views
of a settlement of controversies on
| either side. In the words of the an
Wilson. 1.-The work is diplomatic rath-
er than judicial"
Not that the division of conciliation
in itself is expected to meet all the
problems of the relations of labor and
capital after the war. but rather that
it gives hint of the attitude of the
government department which most
nearly expresses the labor point of
view.
Another Avenue Opened.
There are other ways, of course, in
which labor will demand recognition.
One of these was suggested, not by
la Dor men. but by business men them
selves at the recent conference at At
lantic City. 1t was the representation
of labor in chambers of commerce.
boards of trade and similar bodies of
business men in which labor has an
interest. No action was taken. but it
was disclosed that such representa-
ton already is operative in Altoona.
Pa. and Baltimore, Md. and repre-
sentatives of trade bodies of other
cities indicated they would carry
home the suggestion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-22

Likewise there are rum blingS about
industrial bolshevism, extreme SOCIAL
ism and fears of a sort of general cpl
demic of the 1. w. W. virus. The ar
gument runs something like this:
That the workingman has fought IN
the trenches, worked in the factories
at home, supported his government
Loyalty, and now he is coming back
to claim a new place in the American
sun.
But what is he going to claim?
The answer, to be had from organ
lied labor itself, contains one GER
tainty, and the rest is sort of straw
vote guesswork. You can ask as many
labor leaders as you want. get as many
opinions. and take your choice:
labor is going to claim recognition OF
organized labor. On that platform
labor leaders and labor sympathizers
have declared themselves. Samuei
Gompers served warning to that Ell
feet on a group of about 100 of the
foremost business men of this country
gathered for a banquet in New YORK
december 10. Employers seem to
recognize the fact
John D. Rockefeller, jr., threw an
aSreea bic surprise into lne rams "
labor recently at the Atlantic City
conference of the United States Cham
Der of Commerce by stating: Il hope
that labor soon may be completely or
ganized and that this organization
may be accomplished along lines of
labor's own choosing.
Mr.. Gompers spoke freely and
frankly, and not for publication. No
reporters were present. His argu-
ment, as quoted by those who were
there. was that American business
men must choose between two things
labor properly organized or labor
organized along l. w. w. lines, free
to employ unlawful methods to attain
their ends.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-22

keted its grain holdings as rapidly as
exnected.
The International Corporation is an
other useful business getting ana
handling corporation. while men VINO
have been engaged in the export anu
import trade for years are prepared
to again push for trade both ways, IN
which laudable effort they will be
aided by many great corporations
who have always looked after their
export opportunities.
Resources Not Even "Scraped.'
At the same time every effort should
he made to stimulate the home mar
ket, the best market in the world, the
most prosperous population. the great
United States with resources not even
scraped.
England became the great creditor
nation it is through cheap money. the
command of the seas. great merchant
marine, extension of unlimited credlt
and by investing in the securities OF
States. Thus it was when she needed
millions of merchandise, munitions,
etc. from this nation she had the mil
lions of collateral to send over in pay
ment. She had gold, too-plenty OF
it-and sent over without stint. until
metal.
This raises the question, What are
we to take from foreign countries in
settlement of our exports?
George E. Roberts. one of the lead
ing economists of the country, has
gone on record as believing that we
will have to take foreign investment
securities. England has a steady sur
vey of the investment field of the
world and the United States should
also have such Information to help.
A study of packing and credit condi-
tions such as these foreign countries
have been in the habit of receiving
from England and Germany will help.
and we will have to really compete to
hold our prestige.
Sees End of War Prices.
1t would seem the acme of folly to
imagine that war prices will continue
in peace times; that private capital
will undertake buildings and various
other Improvements with wages on
the same scale as when the govern
ment was using force without stint T.;
it might also be said, money without
counting the COST
Capitalists will not do it, and that is
all there is to it. If the railroads are
held by the government for five years
"a doubtful oposition-millions
may De spent 1Of eAleHSlOH anu equip
ment, but it will not be poured with
the lavish hand of war times.
War time prices may continue for
foods, but nowhere else. Water finds
it's level; cost prices and wages cut
much figure, and likewise find level.
This great foreign trade at first will
be largely in raw materials and man.
ufactures for further use in manufac-
turing: then gradually as levels are
reached and wars scars wiped out
the big expanding foreign trade will
materialize.
BY that time American banks and
bankers will be in position to grant
all needed credit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-22
Natural Resources
Bedrock of Industry

CONTINUED from First Pageo
pleted-but it is proba BILE that the De-
partment of the Interior will have to
recommend to Congress modifica tions
in this measure or new legislation
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-22

Two Navy officers who were made
prisoners when the L. s. S. Ticon-
deroga was sunk. September 80. by the
submarine U-125. have just returned
to this country. They are Lieut.
Junius Fulcher of Norfolk. Va, and
Lieut.. F. NJ. Muller of Oakland, Car,
They were held aboard the C-boat
during the month of October. then
taken to kiel and eventually to Har-
witch. England, when the Germans
surrendered their underseas fleet.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-22
Demands High Wages Continue.

Furthermore he threw down the
gauntlet there as he has done pub
licly, for a continuance of high wages.
For if organized labor is to prove it's
right to existence it must show bene-
fits gained for labor to labor, and it
must keep on improving labors con-
dition. he said. But he sees nothing
in that ambition incompatible with
continued improvement of capital s
well being. Instead, the two go hand
in hand, was his argument, and
under such a program labor is bound
to recognize that it has an interest
in efficient production as well as the
capitalist.
This then, and nothing more alarm
ing, is the idea of the organized
wageearner about what he wants.
and the labor definition of what is
meant by the considerable number of
avowals from Charles M. Schwab,
Edward n Hurley, the younger Mr..
Rockefeller and other industrial
leaders, who frankly advocate a
closer partnership" between capital
and labor.
1t is rather more simple than the
issues which England faces, where
abor. having got beyond the stage
where A fight is necessary to gain
recognition for organized labor. has
outlined an exhaustive program of
social. political and industrial reform.
Moreover in England the trades
unions. through the labor party. are
seeking to gain their ends by political
means.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-22

coincident with the expansion of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-22
May Use Political Weapons.


pers, but considered significant by
men in Washington who have been
| watching labor developments, are re-
cent indications that labor in the
United States also may avail itself
of political weapons. One of these
was in Chicago, where the Chicago
labor federation a few weeks ago de-
cided upon an independent labor
party to further its aims, considera-
bly, out of the usual bounds of the
wages and hours issues. Later the
Illinois federation Endorsed this pro-
gram.
Likewise there have been rumors of
a new third party, made up of labor,
liberals and conservative socialists
Who plan an even broader program of
reform.
Against employing politics as a la
Dor weapon Mr.. Gompers steadily has
set his face. For So doing he has been
criticised freely, both by sympathiZers
with labor and even by some organ
lied labor men themselves. But he has
held fast to his conviction on the
ground that political and industrial
weapons cannot be employed success
fully at the same time. For one thing
Ia labor party would be limited in
membership to union men if these
union men were to retain control of it
and not let it's policies be dictated by
the sympa thiZers who might fall in
line were the portals let down to out
siders.
Neither do labor leaders take seri-
ously the talk of closer utilization Of
organized labor i'll America with the
labor parties of European nations.
There labor finds its expression. eS-
pecially on continental Europe,
through socialists of various types
and degrees. and that again would
ri nj In nr IN
the United States with politics. the
suggestion that such questions as uni
VerSal minimum wage Scales-baS ed,
of course, on proportionate wages be-
fore the war in the various countries
be adopted as part of the peace ad
justment appeals to labor men in
Washington as somewhat chimerical.
See Danger of Cheap Labor.
Labor men, like their employers.
are alive to the dangers of compe-
tition with cheap labor. But they
point to efficiency in higher degree
than the proportionate difference in
wages as the way their employers
may compete successfully with cheap
labor nations in the world market.
The tariff. they argue, though they
are not officially aligned with high
tarln repuDllcanS, OHeTS another
weapon to combat this danger. They
are aware that the proportionate out
put of highly paid workers must be
greater than the poorly paid ones of
foreign nations, or their employers
will come to grief, and they will be
thrown out of jobs.
Strangely enough. they find them
selves supported by Edward y. Hur-
ley, chairman of the shipping board.
who has insisted that American wage
and living standards be maintained
in the newly created merchant ma
rine, and who holds that this can be
done by applying American efficiency
in management. plus the higher eff
.. ticiency of American labor. Strange
ly, because organized labor account
ed Mr. Hurley. when he was a pri-
vate citizen. an ene~v. and there was
widespread discomfort in the labor
world when he was named on the
shipping board.
Now Mr.. Hurley joins with labor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-22
LABOR A MAIN ISSUE
NOW FACING THE u. S.
Problem of Having Workers and Employers
Cooperate and Avoiding Dangers of In
dustria Bolshevism Under Discussion.
BY J. r.. HILDEBRAND,
OF The Star stan.

LMOST any casual conversation these days about post
~ conditions will evoke the opinion that
~ major the United States faces is the labor
problem. .
Inquire of the average citizen what is the labor problem
and he may azy notion that it the reabsorpon into
jobs returning soldiers OF the
SCALE place of industry other obvious
needs all somewhat wide of the fundamental question
manufacturer banker the captain industry and
organized labor all deeply concerned about
another matter which they hold the ssuethe relation OF
~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-22
ROAD DEVELOPMENT
AMERICAS PROBLEM
Has Become an Immediate Issue Since
War Demands Revealed Serious
Defects in Present System.
BY G. GOULD LINCOLN,
OF The Star staff.

DADS the arteries of nation Over them pass
the commerce of the people, the food upon which it
lives, the clothing which protects against cold and heat
and the for its defense The roads fall into
classee railroads and the roads, perhaps properly
called automobile roads today In the United States the railroads
have been developed with the expenditure of billions of dollars
until this country boasts of railroad systems that excel those of
all other In the of the road this
country falls far short of the development of the of the
old which sometimes Americans look upon
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1918-12-22
Made-in-America Slogan
Adopted by Trade Board

CONTINUED from First Page)
The Washington herald., 1918-02-22
A Who, Who on George Washington.

George Washington was born at Bridges Creek
ON the Potomac River, in Westmoreland, Va FED
.uarv ~, 1872 He died at Mount Vernon Decem-
her IA. 1900. Augustine Washington, his fatner'
was son of Lawrence Washington, whose iatper'
Iobn Washington, came to Virginia from England
in 1867 At 10 George Washington was a mAl0,
in the army In 1854 he was lieutenant coiohei
and engaged in the war. In I75S he was aioe 1e
c.mn 10 Gen. Braddock and soon afterwards MADE
commander-in-chief OF the forces OF the Noron'eo
In 1888 he married widow, Mrs Martha Cusus-
For sixteen years he resided at Mount vernon
was a delegate from Virginia to the Continental
Congress He assumed command OF the Non"-
mental army in I775, and continued as commanocr
in-chicf throughout the war for independence /"
I7s, he resigned and returned to private lie he
was delegate to the National ConVenuon Vi
1887. and became our first President by unanimous
election on April 80, 1889, in New YORK CITY At
tbe end of his term he was unanimously reelected.
He declined third term. In 1875 ne was as@i"
Amounted to the command OF the army OF inc
limited States with the rank of lieutenant general
u. u,as Free Mason and master of his lodge
The Washington herald., 1918-02-22
Getting What They Wanted.

The cross-brccding OF the Prussian mind with
.h. Russian intellect has produced precious curo
that is surely an unrivaled freak OF history
The BoIshevist leaders, finding it necessary 10
cringe before the Kaiser and obtain peace IN order
10 satisfy their followers and make good their
Drom;ses agreed to a humiliatng treaty with Ber-
lin No sooner had this been done than the Ger
man armies swept across the Russian lines and re-
uewcd the warfare which the Bolshevlkl reluc-
tantIv and under relentless pressure from Germany
had agreed to do away with.
OF course the answer this paradox super
fcially is easy. Berlin is afraid OF another boi-
sheyist sIcight-oi-hand trick Before another card
Is PLAYED Germany wants to establish her r1ght 10
the Baltic provinces she Graves by the logic OF oc-
cupation and possession. She has the rapid
rehabilitation of the Russian armies by order from
Lcnine and Trotzky She knows now that an in
vasion OF Courland, Livonia and ksthon1a Will be
simple and that the threat of the capture OF Petro-
grad is likely the Russians into making the
best Of the wholly absurd and topsy-turvy situation
Germany holds all the cards, all the power The
Bolshcyki hold nothing but bag OF protests and
a nimblc Wit which the Germans have learned how
to deal with.
i Germany, like Austria, is taking aims TO be
right technically at least, the mo anncxations
and no indcmnitics" formula Before she
knowlclgcs any peace pact with the Russians she
wants to establish her previous occupation OF the
provinces she proposes to annex. She does not
want any backGrc among her people over the
mendacity Of Wilhelmstrasse. Not that it would
be OF much importance in any event; but it is just
as we'll fix these little matters in advance, and
avoid any trouble.
Without pretending to be prophet the
OF 4 prophet, believe that the wiscs: statesmen
OF the allied Capitals secretly will hail the present
Eastern policy OF Germany with the utmost enthu-
siasm. On what grounds? Simply on this fact
that the Prussian military ring, its magnih
cent tradition OF diplomatic vacuity, is doing the
thing which will bring the Russian people
their senses-if anything Even the dull slum-
bering brain OF moujik should be able to discern
the number OF the beast" He is getting it
pounded into him. He evade it by phrases,
by dreams, even by his desperate anxiety to get
back to his little farm and to forget the outside
world. Tomorrow his own little acre of content
ment may be swept into the Prussian NAV. There
Is glorious concreteness about the German mailed
st that will prove better antidote for Bolshevist
patitudeS than all the propaganda that Northclife
and Creel could pour into Russia in a century.
Frankly. we believe that Russia can be bounded
and bullicd into some flash OF its old pride and its
old stolid iatalistic courage. In few more months
we may be renewing fervent gratitude to Prov
idencc for German craftsmanship and diplomacy.
The Washington herald., 1918-02-22
Help the Women to Help.

We believe more women in Washington would
be helping to win the war If there some chan
mel through which they could be directed. We must
utilize woman power well as our man power
No one will underestimate the service rendered
by the women of America and therein is the most
potent argument for the extension of the franchise
but there are many who want to help and cannot
find the opportunity
We are inclined to the belief that there is a
waste of time in the knitting of socks for soldiers
The same time and energy and kindliness put into
sweater or a helmet would render a greater
service to Sammy. There so many other ave-
nues opened by the war that women might travel
and are willing to travel if of our numer-
Gus societies would only put up the sign boards.
For instance, we know of very patriotic ma
tron quite capable of adapting herself and her time
to war work. but she cannot knit What else can
she do to help win the war?
We know of another who has splendid voice
and natural talent for music. She is willing to
use her ability along this lne-where it would help
in the winning of the war. Where can she go and
what can she do to help win the war?
Would it not be we'll to coordinate the various
agencies interested in having the women help so as
to lessen the overlapping and to do the practical
thing in the most direct way?
The Washington herald., 1918-02-22
PRAYER of the Army Men.

At the going when stumble up the gangway to
the ship,
While we wish, and curse the wish, that we could
stay;
On the Channel. as watch the yearning cliffs of
Help US, Lord, to hide our sickened hearts away!
On the marches-oh the marches with the blisters
on our feet
When our kits weigh not much less than half ton,
And our one idea of heaven is place to sleep
Give us strength, Lord, till thirty miles are
donel
Through the weary starlit vigils when we guard
the sleeping tents,
When they huddle gray behind US in the gloom,
Bid us challenge every phantom that fear of
death invents;
Keep your alert to hear the creeping dooml
In the trenches, with the bullet-rdden earthworks
squirting dust
And the peering rifle muzzes splitting flame;
In the sweating bayonet charges, with the thrust
and wrench and thrust,
Hear us. when we, dying, call upon Thy namel
In the winning in the losing, in the triumph the
despair,
Be we yictors or the holders of defeat
Keep us mindful of the honor of nation that we
bear;
Let our souls. Lord tbe above the fate we meetl
-kepaeth kroctox LittaunaI = LesIis;s
The Washington herald., 1918-02-22
An Effective Argument.

In the Senate on Wednesday Senator Shafroth
had read this telegram from the governor OF Colo
rado, Julius c. GunteT:
woman suffrage has been very beneficial to the
State of Colorado. l think it a just and wise
movement to extend the right OF suffrage to the
women OF the nation"
Senator Shafroth then. in brief speech, stated
that every governor of Colorado since suffrage was
adopted in that State, had testified to the beneficial
effect OF woman suffrage in that State, and he
cluded very effective argument with these words:
"Mr. President, it seems to that in the nation
at large these first two stages have taken place
first, OF ridicule. and, second, of argument; the
third, of adoption, is about to be consummated.
Since England. Wales. Scotland and Ireland have
now equal suffrage of women, it appears to me that
we can do nothing better for civilization and good
government than to adopt it by overwhelming
majority in the Senate