davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-11-03
The Virtues of the
l Bulgarian Peasant

It is indeed not only q matter OF honor
and justice. Every practical consideration
points to the support of Serbia. The pro-
Bulgar element, however, which still con-
'rives in spite of everything to exist here
as 1t does in England, seems to have sue
eseded in spreading sort of vague query
IN the public mind as to whether, after all,
40 influential Bulgaria might not be able
% insure greater stability in the Balkans.
me pro-Bulgars point to the much adver-
s'sed virtues Of the Bulgarian peasant~-h,s
industry, his thriftiness, his keen practical
seod sense--and ask, in effect: What bet
Ter foundation can you have than this on
which to build sound political organism?
ies similar virtues in Germany, even COM
eined with others to which the Bulgars can
ay no claim, have not succeeded in pro-
eacang nation with which the rest Of the
S0Fid can live in comfort. Since the sup
p0ft given to Serbia will be more reasoned
Saa more effective IL the Entente nations
sah De convinced that she represents from
ah ssandponts the most desirable element
. the Balkans, it seems worth while to
spasider earcfu!ly--now, while there Is yet
.'ms--what might be expected from strong
: s1isaf'a, or alternatively, from a strong
VIDA, In the light Of the past record Of
eosh countries.
y Is first Of all question of democracy
's'sus sutocracy. The Bulgars, from tho
ss'''sss days of their recorded history, have
saoWn consistent readiness to submit to
suteeratic rule.
- their first appearance in tho Balkans
4 8 ~ wers Led by chiefs whose power over
: .ssss people was absolute, On tho other
u the organization Of the Serbian tribes
s'A ths very commencement Of their oc-
New-York tribune., 1918-11-03
Financial System
l. is a Novelty

Nothing of similar nature to the fnan-
cial system devised for Hayti is to be found
in the laws Of the countries above named.
Nothing of the sort occurs in the Jones bill,
which provides for local government in the
American insular territories of Porto Rico
and the Philippines.
One might suspect that the pink whiskers
of the illustrous Senator from Illinois had
been caressed by the trade winds of the
Caribbean at a time when he was supposed
to be in France on reading certain Of these
"jokers."
Senator Lewis believes that the Presi-
dent of the United States should be given
an advanced o. K. on whsteyer course he
may take in arrsnging = treaty Of peace
with the Central Powers.
Under Title ~ OF Chapter s, which deals
with finance, the Senator Lewis Of Hayti
has written in financial dictatorship for
the President Of the republic. No revenues
can be fixed except by law, and no charge
can be levied against any minor political
division of the country without it's formal
consent, and no financial legislation shall
be effective more than one year.
No privileges shall be established in mat
ters Of taxation or exemptions, augmenta-
tions or dminutions, except those estab-
lished by law. But, says Article CHI,
there shall be no pension nor gratifica-
tion nor ALLEGATION charged against the pub
lie treasure except in virtue Of law pro-
posed by the Executive power"
The budget for each Secretary Of State
shall be divided in chapters and shall be
voted upon by article. The Secretary Of
State for Finance will keep account OF the
income and expenses Of the republic accord
ing to mode to be established by law and
this account shall be annually reviewed by
the legislative body which shall likewise
receive the budget for the coming year. not
less than eight days from the opening Of
the session.
The examination and liquidation of the
accounts cf the general administration and
New-York tribune., 1918-11-03

ability to keep faith either with her friends
or her enemies set Setbia's attitude to
friend and foe alike. One need not say
much. Every day of the last four years
has told how Serbia keeps faith. There is
no nation of whose loyalty we can be more
sure, for none has been called on to prove
it in such adverse conditions. Pashtch's
immortal reply to the Austrian peace offer,
the rejection of which meant certain ruin
for Serbia, expressed in characteristic terms
the whole spirit in which she regards the
duty of an ally: ut is better to die in
beauty than to live in shame. We fight!"
1t is possible to pin ones faith to that; but
Bulgaria can offer no parallel to which any
thing but wholesome distrust could pos
sibly be pinned by any one not courting
trouble.
Here you have the heart of the matter
from the standpoint Of its relation to the
outside world. But what about its relation
to the Balkan peoples themselves? From
which might they reasonably expect the
most benefcent exercise of influence, from
Serbia or from Bulgaria?
1t must be remembered that if the whole
: of Serba's territory is restored to her, and
the Southern Slav territories of Austria
Hungary permitted to join her, the result
ant federation will be geographically the
largest of the Balkan states Even the
Serbs alone, without the Croats and Slo-
venes, occupy a considerably larger terri
tory than the Buigars. This Southern Slav
federation will have highly advantageous
position the Adriatic, and since the old
unhappy Italian clHms on Dalmatia have
been gracefully withdrawn, it should
and undoubtedly will-have the great bene-
fit CT a close cultural friendship with Italy
with all that that implies. 1t will above
all, be homogeneous state, with no inter-
est in conquest and no desire but to be
allowed to achieve its own reconstruction
and its own material and spiritual develop
ment in peace. Bulgaria, on the other hand,
can only secure an influential position by
annexation. Under the best of circum-
stances, then. an enlarged Bulgaria would
carry within herself seeds of perpetual un-
rest, particularly since inevitably the
greater part of the annexed territory would
be Serbian and the Serbs have by no means
lost their inherited aversion to alien rule.
The fact that such an enlarged Bulgaria
volve perpetual menace of war among the
Balkan States. 1t would suffice, moreover,
to give Bulgaria only a small section of
the Morava country she is SO eager to re-
tain, to provide her with connection with
Hungary and Germany, and bring about
Turanian "bloc" which, however narrow the
connecting corridor might be, would still
provide a constant danger, not only to Ser
bia, but to the whole world, in the form of
an open door for a future "Drang mach
Osten."
This, under the best Of circum stances.
Under the conditions that would actually
obtain. the situation in the Balkans would
be even worse, with Bulgaria in any posi-
tion Of influence outside her own borders.
She has shown only too clearly her method.
with conquered peoples. The tale of massa-
ere and torture in Serbia is almost too hide
New-York tribune., 1918-11-03
Caribbean Republic Is Destined to Continue
Under the Guidance of
America

The annual salary Of the President is
fixed st $4,000, and he must preside at
the National Palace in Port-au- Prince.
The functions of the Chief Magistrate Of
Hayti are practically those prescribed in
other constitutions Of the Latin republics,
but closer study OF the constitution re-
veals certain extraordinary powers con-
ferred in other sections which seem not to
have been modelled upon either the funde-
mental laws Of France, tho United States
or Great Britain.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-03
Smokes

IT has recently been announced that the
l. German cigar factories are to close
down at the end of the year for lack OF
raw tobacco. Some 5000 factories, which in
1916 had 100000 employees, will be closed.
Only a few manufacturers hope TO keep,
their establishments going until the 1913
crop is ready to be worked up.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-03

she has repeatedly done since the final
victory of the Entente became certain, that
her desire is for a settlement on the basis
of President Wilson'S programme. Hcr
whole conduct, not only in this war but
in the Balkan wars of 1912 and 1918, has
made it perfectly evident that whenever
possible she will pursue an annexationist
policy against any country which has the
misfortune to be her neighbor.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-03

whose ideals are as high as-if not higher
than-our own, who has shown again and
again that, as she lives by her faith, 10 she
IS prepared to die for it; Il guardian after
our own heart Of the sacred principles for'
which to-day the whole civilized world is
struggling.
Can this be said of Bulgaria? | think
not.
New-York tribune., 1918-11-03
By kincheloe Robbins

.-- r HATS the Constitution as
~ NV between friends ?"
w To the time honorcd po-
The sun., 1918-12-11
ASKS FINER WELCOME
TORETURNYNG TROOPS
Wickersham Says We're Not
Doing-Enough for Them.

George W. Wickersham, who spoke
last night at the smoker Of the Uni
versity OF Pennsylvania Club OF New
York in the Hotel Martinique, had
come from the University Club. where
200 veterans of Chateau Thierry were
entertained
When our boys came home" said
Mr.. Wtckersham, they were struck
with the fact that nobody seemed TO
pay any particular attention to them.
Crowds hurried by. apparently unin-
terested in them. 1t isn't that we
American people don't care. that we
are not deeply concerned in them. it's
just the busy American way OF doing
things
What 1 am afraid of Is that with
these men coming back. unless we do
something to bring to their minds the
consciousness that our hearts have
been with them. that we are not I'M
grateful for what they have done.
they will think they have an migrate
full country to fight for. or course Mr..
Hearst welcomes them Claughter)
Perhaps that is something in the way
OF compensation: but really this prob
lem Is one that college men should ad-
dress Themselves to and seek the best
form Of bringing home to these SOL
diers proof that they have a grateful
country"
The sun., 1918-12-11
CALLS HEARST, AS
.GREETER, AN INSULT
Robert Underwood johnson
Refuses to Serue With Him.

Robert Underwood johnson declined
last night to serve on Mayor Hylan's
committee to welcome homecoming
troops because William Randolph
Hearst had been named as the chair
man of the committee. Mr. Johnson's
letter OF declination follows:
DEAR Sir: / have your letter Of De-
cember Z. signed by your secretary.
Mr.. Whalen. appointing me a member
OF the committee of welcome to home
coming troops.
In ordinary circumstances I should
esteem this appointment a great honor
and should Loyalty respond to any de :
mand OF service II required, as ! have
done in many similar instances under
former Mayors of the city. am. how
ever, obliged in self-respect to decline
the appointment
my reason for doing this is that
the honor of such an appointment is
vitiated by the inclusion in your COM
mittee of William Randolph Hearst.
whose sinister attitude from August,
1914, toward his country and toward
the principles for which her allies
were fighting is a matter of public
record: SO conspicuous, indeed. as to
make his appointment on such a COM
mittee an insult not only to our gal
liant soldiers, for whom. under what
ever auspices, America will have an
The sun., 1918-12-11
NEVER PRO-GERMAN,
SAYS HITCHCOCK
Senator Makes AnsWer to
Reisuifz Letter.
Special DespatcA TO THn srx.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 10. - Senator
Hitchcock. chairman Of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee. made
answer to-day to suggestions con-
tanned in sthe letters of Consul Refs
WITT, OF the German Imperial Gov
eminent at Chicago, written in 1915.
in which his name was mentioned as
an earnest proposer of an embargo
on the expectation of arms to bel
ligerent nations. 1t had been made
to appear in the Reiswitz letter, which
was addressed to Ambassador Won
Bernstorf that Senator Hitchcock was
a valuable and earnest adherent OF
the Government cause by reason of
his opposition to the shipment OF
arms. Senator Hitchcock. admitting
authorship OF the embargo bill eight
months before the Reiswitz letter was
written. said that it had expressed
his views OF real neutrality at that
time, and that so far as its genesis
being in Germany was/ concerned II
had been purely his own measure.
MY stand was taken in 1914 as an
American for neutrality" he said. In
these days. Mr.. President, the country
was uiiutI Il plruke VI ncutTduty DN
virtue Of the Presidents proclama ton
made when the war broke out. My atti-
tude naturally changed with changing
conditions. supported the Presidents
request that we authorize him to as
sert and protect our neutrality by
arming our merchant ships and I had
charge in the Senate Of what was
known as the armed neutrality reso-
luton which died so dramatically here
in the Senate at noon Oh March 4,
1917.
"a month later when the issue
changed from armed neutrality to war
had charge OF the declaration OF war.
which was briefly debated and passed
by the Senate April 4. 1917.
And so like other Americans 7 have
passed from one phase Of the situation
to another peaceful neutrality. armed
neutrality, war. but ] declined to asso-
ciate myself with those who became
partisans Of Germany"
The sun., 1918-12-11


icies. The public statements OF the
President have been almost universally
and perhaps purposely couched in
vague and general terms, and the
more specific policies outlined by SEN
ator Lodge were OF course not adj
vanced on behalf of the Administra-
ton.
Three General Phrases.
There are three general phrases
that the American people have been
hearing constantly. They are self
determination a league Of nations
and the freedom OF the seas"
DIR. Butler went on to discuss each
Of these general phrases at length. but
without supporting to state the Presi-
dents position or the peoples or in
any way to suggest any sort of diff
ference between the two. He gave
three steps which he said would he
essential to a league of nations: Let
trese nations assembled by their rep
resentatives at Versailles, declare
themselves to be n league OF nations
organized for the precise purpose for
which the war was fought and with
which their several peoples are en-
tirely familiar, namely, the definition
and protection of standards of inter-
national right and justice.
The second step" he said, SHOULD
he to invite those nations that have
been neutral in the war to join the
league on condition that they formally
give adhesion to the three ends or
purposes for which the league Is or
ganized.
The third step should be to invite
the recently submerged and oppressed
rationalities to present before the
league their several cases for hearing
and determination-and after the
league has passed on these nationali-
ties geographical and political claims
then they should he invited to form
their own Governments. Or. Butler
thought, and having done so they
should be admitted to the league.
While this is going on and until Ger
many and Austria Hungary and their
peoples have repented they should be
kept out. in his opinion.
THE American public said DR..
Butler next, lis wholly mystified as
to what is meant by freedom of the
seas That phrase had a pretty defin-
lite meaning as late as the time OF the
American civil war. but subsequent
events have deprived that meaning OF
much significance. In time OF peace
the seas are and long have been en-
trely free. In time of war they have
always been commanded by the pos
SCISSOR OF the strongest navy. II that
condition had not prevailed in 1914
Germany would have won the war Just
ended within twelve months from the
time of its beginning. With Ger
many's army in a position to do as It
The sun., 1918-12-11

in Congress assembled. We are get
ting very far away from democracy
and very close to autocracy when we
repose all the power Of the people and
all the power OF the peoples repre-
sentatives in the hands of one man,
whom we thereby create a dictator.
1t may be the right thing to do. but
Rome in so doing drifted from a re-
public into an empire.
Il think the United States should
remain a republic in fact as we'll as in
name. and that the people should
neither be deceived by the machina-
tons OF tricky Attorney General nor
deprived OF their rights to decide a
question of war or any other momen-
tous question. l do not believe any
other individual has an interest in
such questions equal to the interest
OF the great mass OF the public and
do not believe that the wisdom Of any
individual is equal to the collective
wisdom of the people.
"If We do not want to say all this
editorially we can say part OF it edi-
torially and get some one to stand for
interview. as Hale used to do, to bring
all pOibtS oub' VSpCNldily tiloSt
about the probable forgery of the note
We should develop the forgery phase
OF the note for the Sunday paper II
Francis and l seem to be right"
Disclosures I'm Good Faith.
But even while this message was in
transit Mr.. Carvalho telegraphed that
the disclosures were in good faith and
that the Zimmerman note had really
been sent. He said in a telegram to
Mr. Hearst dated March 1. 1917:
Senator Swan (Swarson) (Va.) an
nounced in Senate this morning that
he was authorized by the President to
state that the Zimmerman note to
Mexico was textually correct. Lansing
made same announcement from State
Department. japanese Ambassador au-
thoritatively announced that Japan
would spurn such proposition. No Of
ficial information from Mexico. Will
you outline such editorials as you
want printed. Francis is away sick,
will be gone week or ten days. Owing
to lateness of news no paper made
editorial comment this morning.
"CARvALHo"
The series OF documents ended with
this. and the entire batch was sent to
The sun., 1918-12-11

names" in the committees investiga-
ton of German propaganda.
Prof. Hart described his acquaint-
ance with Germans and declared
he had not shared their views at any
time. He said he refused to Join the
German University Alliance at the in
vitation OF Otto Merkel OF New York
because he did not wish to become
identified with such an organization.
II he were classed as a pro-German. he
declared, his associates at Harvard
and elsewhere could properly class him
as a hypocrite. and he cited many arti-
cles written by him and published in
New York newspapers and elsewhere
in which he condemned the violation OF
Belgium.
kilograms from Elihu Root and DIR.
Charles w. Eliot. president emeritus of
Harvard. declaring Prof. Harris loyalty.
were read into the record by Chairman
Overman. Prof. Hart told the commit.
tee that the attempt Of Merkel to in
duce him to Join the German Univer'
sity League probably was the cause OF
his name being ~ the important list.
The sun., 1918-12-11
HEARST'S STEPS TO
AVERT WAR SHOWN
co.t,nued from Fourth Page.

had one. Augustus. Rome's first En-
oeror. was a good man. but Nero. who
acted under powers and presidents
allowed Augustus, was fearfully bad
one.
The sun., 1918-12-11

one,
Wilson . Federalist.
eternal vigilance is price OF lib
hrty. Wilson is federalist. as I wrote
IN first year Of his term and as Fran
eIs showed in alien and sedition edi-
,orial. The federalists are autocratic
IN tendency. Hamilton was accused Of
irving to make monarchy of our Gov
eminent. Quote monarchies are de-
ttroyed by poverty, republics by
wealth unquote.
ut is easier to establish q virtual
monarchy in the rich America Of to-
day than in the poor America of n
hundred years. ago. We shy at the
name OF king but we accept the
snirit OF absolutism. The Romans
would have no king but they accepted
an imperator with more power than
any. king and SO lost their liberties.
President Of this republic to-day
has more power than any king in any
constitutional monarchy in the world.
If he gets more he will be a dictator
and possibly a despot. 1t is the duty
pecially as all these encroachphents on
popular rights are being made in
the name OF democracy.
tSig.) HEARST"
Mr.. Bielaski endeavored to make It
clear that Mr.. Hearst had persisted
in the theory that the Zimmerman
note was forgery by showing another
OF the Palm Beach dispatches signed
Doctor" These dispatches continued
in the attacks on Attorney General
Gregory, saying:
The object Of the Zimmerman for
gerry was to Brighten Congress into
giving the President the powers that
he demanded and perhaps also into
passing the espionage bill. When Will
son wanted to give away the rights
of the United States in the Panama
Canal he pretended that he had pri-
vate information Of dangerous in
ternational situation sufficient to
Justify his acts. He has never re-
vealed his private information and
no one now believes that he ever had
any.
Wilson Course Attacked.
"He could not repeat this false claim
on this occasion. so a complaisant Cab
met officer this time undertook to
manufacture sufficient false evidence
10 enable Wilson to have his way. It
is possible that the British secret SER
vice cooperated in those plans. The
only serious consequence is that the
whole people OF this country, 30 per
cent OF whom do not want war, may
be projected into war because Of these
Misrepresentation and these forged
documents. If they are forged.
II believe in war II the people want
war. They have to do the fighting.
They ought to do the deciding. I be-
lieye in. first, a referendum to the
people. and second. failing that, a de-
clsion ny the peoples representatives
The sun., 1918-12-11

the Government Printing once to be
Incorporated in the public hearings of
the special committee. Mr.. Bielaski
will not reappear upon the witness
stand unless the committee desires to
cross-examine him.
The committee adjourned until Fri
day.
The sun., 1918-12-11
PROF. HART DENIES
GERMAN LEANINGS
HARVARD Man Tcstifies Before
Senate Committee.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 10.-Prof. Albert
Bushnell Hart Of Harvard University
pointed to his record and to his pub
lished articles on the war before the
Senate judiciary Committee to-day as
evidence that his name had no place
on the German list OF important
The sun., 1918-12-11

overlooking welcome. but to every self
respecting citizen Of the country.
This welcome. moreover, should not
he tainted by an endeavor to rehabili-
tate the public reputation OF any
man"
The sun., 1918-12-11

chose and the naval hands of Great
Britain and France tied behind their
backs the issue raised by Germany
on August 4. 1914. would not. long
have remained uncertain. The mastery
of the seas by the British NAVY has
proved to be the most powerful single
element in bringing about the down
fall OF militarism
The sun., 1918-12-11
RUMELY WANTS TRIAL HERE.
Says Washington Indictme nt
Would Prevent Hearing at Home.

Asserting that his indictment in
Washington five months after his in
dictment here Is an effort of the Gov
eminent to deprive him Of making his
defence at trial in his home com
munity. Edward A. Rumely, former
publisher Of the Erenin0 Mail, pro-
tested yesterday against the removal
OF his case to the capital. He was
arraigned before Samuel NJ. Hitchcock,
United States Commissioner, in a re-
moval proceeding.
The New York indictment charges
Rumely with perjury in making a
false report to the Alien Property
Custodian. The Washington indict-
ment accuses him OF violating the
trading with the enemy law