davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
he Spruce Shortage and
AerOpIanes

IT HE value of spruce lumber and how
a shortage in the commodity is af-
fecting Americas airplane plans are sug-
gested by an article in The New York
Lumber Trade Journal" part of which
follows:
1T is stated that while there IS no dearth
OF such timber the demand for it during the
past three years has increased so greatly as
to exceed the capacity for productions Prior
TO the war this class Of stock brought about
500 per thousand, but the Allies having
used it almost exclusively in the construc-
ton Of their aircraft since the outbreak Of
the war the demand has caused the price
to rise to 5000 per thousand
The average aer0plane requires not more
than two hundred feet of wood for It's con-
struction. but until tho recent staudardiza-
ton IN saving specifications was effected by
the conference between the representative
Ct the spruce manufacturers and the air
craft experts OF the Allied governments and
the United States it had been necessary to
cut approximately one thousand feet to get
cut the desired amount Of timber for one
aeroplane.
"Constant efforts are being made to find
some other wood that can be substituted for
spruce, but up to the present time none has
been found which combines the qualities of
strength, lightness and fexibility. each Of
which is absolutely essential, and all of
which are possessed by spruce.
After being turned out Of the mills the
wood must be thoroughly dried before il is
available, and that has been done hereto
tore N the open air. which has required
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
Anothe er Pitfall for the
German "Sub

4 NET device to catch and sink subma-
''e has heen made and patented
by New York inventor and submitted to
the Secretary of the Navy. according to
-..-.-.t.teu World The purpose of
the net is to cnUrap and sink the subma-
rine to a depth where the pressure of the
water is so great that the hull Of the u
boat will be crushed. In addition the de-
vice is expected to disarrange the mech
anism of the submarine by affecting its
riding angle, and to help locate invisible
subs. Briefly the story runs thus
a net Of any desired length and width is
suspended at intervals by short. supporting
lines. Heavy weights are attached to the
lines, and these weights are in turn kept
from sinking by pontoon floats or RATS A
sea anchor Of conventional form is attached
TO *he float raft to withstand the drag Of
the float.
when a submarine strikes one Of the
rets it carries the obstruction forward As
the impetus of the submarine draws the net
taut, causing it to start to drag the pontoon
RATS, the resistance of the sea anchors pulls
ont the latches. and the weights are allowed
tc sink. AS the weights when released arc
aft of the centre Of the submarine they pull
the net over the undersea craft so as to
totally envelop it, while the weight exerted
tends 20 tilt the submarine and so disar-
range its interior mechanism and render it
unmanageabe.
CAS- submarines are normally Of weight
closely approximated to that Of the water
they displace. they are i'll prepared to resist
an attack of this sort, especially Is the crew
OF the submarine cannot locate submerged
nets nor determine the position of the YES
sci itself while the periscopc is submerged" J"
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
German Methods of Meet
ing the Deadly Tanks

HOW the Germans oppose the tank
i L is question that has received
little reply in this country. However
the Germans have recently been ,cxhib-
ting tank in running order in Berlin,
and in view Of the report that the British
lost over hundred tanks ut Cambria, ap-
parent}v the Germans have succeeded
somewhat in their means Of defence.
Some idea Of these schemes is given in
the following translation of q general
order captured from the group of armies
of Caudry, in France, says "rhe Selcnfific
American:
"Obstacles. Trenches of 4 minimum width
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
Cheese and the Weather

{ N account of the farreachine effect Of
climate and weather on crop distribu-
tloh and production the scope of agricult,1.
raj meteorology is wide. Very few people
connect cheese and weather. But it is =
tact that most of the cheese factories in
Wisconsin find themselves in an area where
the mean summer temperature is below
~ degrees Fahrenheit, while the cream
erles are IN the regions warmer than 70
degrees Fahrenheit A recent report of
professor J. Warren Smith to the Ohio
Academy of Science states that with Julv
rainfall two to two and one-half inches
the average yield of the 30.0OO.0OO acres
OF corn in Missouri, Iowa, Illinois and
Indiana IS twenty-three bushels an acre
but that with two and one-half to three
inches the yield is thirty three. In other
words, IN this region a half-inch of july
rainfall is worth ten bushels of corn an
acre. The period Immediately after blos-
somlng, or August to 10, in the middle
OF the corn belt is the most critical in
the growth of corn; relatively cool. moist
weather at this time favors the HIGHEST
yields. Potatoes in Ohio are affected bv
July weather more than by that of anv
other month; relatively cool, wet weather,
is best
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10

fur Even where the animal has become
somewhat of Il pest It's numbers often may
be kept down by trapping, while the sale
of pelts makes such activities profitable
Often crops may be protected by the erec-
ton Of Wire-mesh fences between them and
the marsh or pond where the animals live
Such fences should reach at least six
inches beneath the surface Of the ground
to prevent the muskrat burrowing under
Where the animals prove troublesome
by causing breaks in embellishments. dams
and in the sides Of irrigation bitches prob
ably the most practical remedy is to en-
ploy a trapper and hunter to patrol the
property both night and day. In narrow
waterways barrel traps have proved ef-
fcent in catching large numbers of these
animals
BY erecting more permanent works
owners Of embanlments, dams, etc, may
guard against injuries to their property
by muskrats. A more general use of con-
crete, for example, has greatly minimized
such troubles. The more liberal use of
gravel or coarse sand for the surface of
embankments has been found effective,
since the animals will not burrow in soil
that fills the hole as fast as they open it.
From The Weekly Ne1oS Letter of the
Department Of Agricltltre
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
The Military Strength of
Central America

:" HE SOUTH AMERICAN" New
York;, in It's December issue, has
this to say on the subject of the military
preparedness of the tiny semi-Indiar
states:
Each of them maintains an army San Sal.
vador BIS officers and S2.SSl men. Costa
Rlca stands ready to put into the field So POS
soldiers, and, in times Of war this number
can be doubled. Guatemala's military
strength surpasses-that of her sister repub-
l!cs' but no exact figures are available Hon
duras can throw $4,000 into the war at mo-
mehts notice Nicaragua is able to mobilize
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
With the Scientists and New Inventions

OF from II to 1879 feet and a depth OF at
ieast 10 feet, also very thick mud, constitute
very serious obstacles against tanks Fresh
" ploughed land harrcades are easily
crossed
1T is rot worth while constructing obsta-
c'os; it is preferable to attack
methods OF Attack: Tanks on the march
should be attacked by artillery before their
entry into action, even If there is not a great
chance o. hitting them The essential thing
t. to forbid the enemy infantry to follow
them; it is necessary that the enemy infan-
trylnen fear the zone over which the tanks
ore advancing
"'Io attack the tanks themselves the only
reasonable method is to place the cannon
IN The advanced zone of the battlefield so
that thew NAV be able Immediately to put the
tanks out OF action by direct hits. Every
SHOT which hits the mark kills several men
Of the crew and often sets fire to the tank
The ARTILLERY sections which are held in &c
serve back Of the front do not know what
IS gong on, and in general arrive 700 late
to be of use.
The cannon, in principle, should be placed
tar in advance; thus the enemy is not able
10 surprise us
"The commander of the front line troops
should be responsible for the placing Of anti
tank cannon. Pieces mounted on auto trucks
are very useful if the roads arc good
"lnfantry: The line OF battle must not be
opened cNcept to allow intact tanks to pass
The troops may seek cover but they would
rot fall back. It is necessary that the tanks
saouId be put out of action back Of the line
| h" MAN thing is to rcpulse the enemy III
Iantry Several posts should be detached
behind the front for the defence against the
tanks.
Armament: The most cfficacious weapon
against the tanks is the armor-piercng bullet
It IS feared by the crews Of the tanks be-
cause 1t pierces the armor and produces at
the same time 4 great flame, which freucnty
sets fire 10 the fuel reservoir.
he best method of attacking tank is
rom the rear, because it is not easy for its
crew to fire from behind, and because the
rear IS the part least protected Street
lighting against the tanks is very favorable
~ the infantry; the troops shelter themselves
IN Inc houses and let the tnnks pass and then
pen fire with machine guns and rifles from
close range.
Hand grenades, employed one at a time.
arc useless 1t IS necessary TO employ con-
centrated charge several cylinders grouped
around a central grenadel and throw il un-
der the tank; but this is not easy to do.
Light trench cannon (minnenwcrfcr) are
chcacious, when they fred from "A feeble
angle; good results have been obtained by
The fire Of isolated pieces
I'm general. the tactics to employ against
tanks must be made tho object of theories
and practical experience; the tanks will thus
lose Their terrifying effect"
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
Air Raids and Infant Mortality

THE effect of air raids on the infant
1 mortality rate of London is shown
By The London Lancet in the course of
sn article upon infant mortality in Eng
land during war conditions Recent fig
ures show that the English rate of infant
mortality has generally decreased during
the war. That is, in 1914 it was 105 per
l,0Oe; IN 1915, 10, probably owing to the
general dislocation in the habits of the
English by the novel conditions of war
fare; in 1915 81. and in 1917, 81.
But a peculiar fact concerning the fig
ures for 1917 is that the mortality rate
rose l6 per 1000 in London, against for
country districts. This is thus accounted
Tor by "The Lancet:
There must therefore be some special
actor in 1917 which has been more opera
I've in taking this toll Of infant lie in Lon
son than elsewhere The factor is not far
70 seek and can be none other than the
cumulative action Of prolonged mental strain
ipoa the nursing mother. Biological prin-
spies automatically insure q large measure
Si maternal altruisrn. and 50 long IS the
mother IS able TO suckie her infant the qual-
Il! q her milk remains good in the face o.
fsai priyation sucn as has been experienced
ID occupied territory; but there comes !
point a. which mental strain results in The
CESSATION CT the supply OF breast milk, and
'ae experience of welfare centres in a part
q London hitherto more exposed than others
70 tae strain of aerial warfare has shown a
serous diminution IN the number Of infants
s0ieiy breasted up TO the normal age OF
weaning
"Dou6.less other factor also come INTO
ca?. The regularity o. the infants manner
NE has been affected, sleep impaired, and
unlimited opportunities Of exposure and in
.eei!on provided. Organized effort is ur-
ssa.iy required 70 combat these evils intelli-
ssa'ay and 20 mitigate the aarm which IS
sser1ing 70 me London infant from deficient
se'at'on. The startling fall N the birth
az %nicn the Registrar General also re-
s''es' nay BE- Z matter of regret, bu. IS SIM
N the inevitable result Of the segregation
;. the sexes entailed by the var Bat the
saha welfare administrator has Immediate
sD'< % 10 which viii leave scant time FOR
'sih regret
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10

of an accident that would result in the
skip leaving the rails and tending to turn
over. The device consists of an eve-bolt
attached to the under side of the skip
near the bale, through which a hook can
be fastened from a chain attached to the
oa'e. 1t is only while men are being hosted
that the device is used, as the chain is. Of
course, so placed as to be easily discon-
nected when ore is being handled, so that
the skip can go into the cradle for dump
ing.-hnglneering and Mining Jo,vnal
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
Medicine
l6andN N)
)ufQerY
----'-a
Workers in Munition Plants Are
Exposed to INT Poisoning
But There Are Ways Of
yYarding Of Danger
FAD poisoning has rival in INT
poisoning, according to an edi-
~o,iaI ~ Tho I-r,r;,,oor;,,r. ,j

T FAD poisoning has rival in INT
4 poisoning, according to an edi-
- torial in The Engineering and
Mining Journal Indeed, says this mag
azne, one Of the greatest dangers to work
ers in the highly developed munitions in
dustry lies in the nitro and amdo com
pounds OF benzol and tuluol, one Of which
is trinitrotoluol or INT, Il powerful ex-
.piosive To the latter many workers are
exposed in its manufacture and in she'll
loading. 1t is readily absorbed through
the skin and respiratory tracts Although
such absorption cannot be prevented alto
gether it can be made so slight that no
workers. except perhaps, those especially
susceptible, will have symptoms of chronic
poisoning
Continuing, this journal remarks:
"The Public Health Service OF the Treas
ury Department has published an article
giving practical points on safe handling of
.rinitrotoiuol and dealing primarily with the
shell-Ioading processes, OF which there are
two. The compound Is either pressed into
the shells by power presses while in pow
dered form, or is poured into them while
m0lten III tEe iOrnef ne-nOG, USED only II
the case Of large shells, simple measures
will prevent poisoning. The article there
fore deals principally with precautions to be
taken where the latter method is used
at is recommended that workrooms be
constructed Ito secure complete segregation
Of each stage in the process of loading; that
long, narrow, one-story buildings be used,
that conveyor system be adopted to avoid
unnecessary handling Of the substance; that
workers be instructed as TO the danger of
poisoning; that they secure as complete pro-
lection OF the person possible by overalls,
caps and gloves that they avoid all alcoholic
beverages; tkaC they take milk or milk prod
ucts with their breakfast previous to start
ing work; that they observe the strctest
personal cleanliness: that persons under
.venty-one be kept from handling the com
pound, they are especially susceptible to
the poison; that men be employed for only
eight hours day when working with trini-
trotouoi; that those employed in the most
aazardous parts of the work be rotated to
less hazardous processes at least every two
weeks; and that an efficient system of medi-
cal supervision be established"
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
The Nice, Naughty
Muskrat

\ LTHOUGH the muslrat is the most
L "A valuable fur animal in the United
states, under some circumstances it becomes
detrimental and is responsible for consid-
cradle damage to growing crops, irrigation
bitches. mill dams, etc. Where the animal
is not troublesome. biologists of the United
States Department of Agriculture sug-
gest that it be protected and trapped for
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
Electricity for the Farm

N7 INUMILIS to generate enough cleo
trclty for 4 farm, or even for a
small municipality, are now in successful
operation, according to "Thc Electrical
hXperimenter' Indeed, such plants can
nc made to generate hundreds of horse
power. This magazine thus describes a
plant suited to small farm
In operation the power vanes are each
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
A Simple Safety Device for
Skips Handling Men

IN HOlSING or lowering men at the
L. mines of the Mogollon Mines Com
pany, formerly the Ernestne Mines. Mo-
COLON, n. NJ, a safety attachment is
used on the skip, built by the Denver
Engineering Works Company, of Denver
which prevents jack-knifng in case
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10

followss
Although asbestos was discovered in
Northern Vermont as early as 1924 its pres
once IN Canada was not suspected until 1851.
when II was found in the Province of Quebec.
ABOUT midway between the villages Of st. .Jo-
sept and st. Frances, near the Des Plates
Niver. in effort to raise capital to finance
me project samples of this Canadian fibre
were exhibited in London the following year,
ana aroused such interest that limited
amount Of money was raised. Unfortunately
tao vein first found was not extensive. and
mining operations did not yield the results
expected. The next fifteen years the situa-
ton was virtually dormant, and the asbestos
industry in Canada was practically forgotten
The big discovery Of 1877 in the now ia,
nous Thetford and Coleraine regions revived
hopes for Canadian asbestos industry which
nave oeen more than realized. There
Is no doubt that these enormously valuable
deposits would have been lost to the present
generation. and perhaps the present century,
had IT not been for forest fires that swept this
region. burned off the undergrowth and de-
nuded the surface, exposing the fbrous rock
TO view. Nature, in moment of
fury, removed the covering that for centuries
had hidden one Of Canada's richest treas
urcs."
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
A Face Shield With "Win.
dow Llghts''

- cyclists is now in use in England,
according to Popular Mechanics The new
device, which is in the form of .aead
screen with window lights" in the front.
is worn like the headpiecc OF divers
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10

suit, The front portion projects in the
form of wedge. its sides being fitted with
celuloid panels through which the wearcr
obtains an excellent view The remainder
OF the article is made of loosely woven
wire mesh.'
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
ssLohen': High "Zoll": Tax
4 In English, Big Grafters'

One very quarrelsome Junker family with
estates in Brandenburg began to come for
ward in this perod-the Hohenzoilerns The
meaning Of their name is quite significant
though not often noticed. 'Hohen' means
high The next syllable, zoll,' is merely the
word toll or tax The name as whole is
plural noun, meaning high takers or
freely translated into plain English, big
grafters.' This cognomen should have been
adopted by the aristocracy all over Germany.
because it expresses in a single term the
essence OF Junkerism, and is thus calculated
to save thought Thus, when you see Mr..
Hohenzollern coming you must at once either
pay him an Indemnity prepare TO fight
Unless we take into account the foregoing
sociological and economic facts the German
Reformation cannot be understood The re-
ligious movement had no independent history
of its own 1t was cut through by the upris-
ings of the peasantry, while the new church
organization founded by Martin Luther was
appropriated from the very start by the aris-
tocracy and used to consolidate their power
over the people. Cnctuous and perfectly sim
cere ecclesiastical gentlemen solemnly in
formed their congregations and Sunday
school classes that Lutheranism and the Ger
man translation of the Bible had been handed
down from the celestial regions by God Al
'mighty, amid the smoke and fame and thun-
der OF Mount Sinai, in exactly the same way
that the civil laws of Germany were handed
down TO the people by the Junker mobiles and
kings. Thus the people were diligently
trained IN The idea that religion comes from
above, which, of course, makes it imperative
that they should look up And thus it is
clear that aristocracy and orthodoxy are both
founded on the same psychological principle
OF unquestioning submission TO Authority
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10

while scientific Investigation Of the Bible
has been allowed to continue IN Germany and
while the investigation has produced remark
able and brilliant results. the work has been
PERM itted to go forward only in an academic
vacuum, on the implied condition that pro-
fessors will engages in no religious propa-
ganda or educational work of d popular char
acter. The professors may talk among them
selves IN the learned and respectable obscur-
ity Of polysyllabic jargon, but their views
must not be aired in church; and the clergy
must faithfully teach the orthodox Junker
theory Of the Bible
"The and file of the German people
know nothing about what has been taking
place N German theological seminaries. Even
the professors OF Biblical science themselves.
compelled as they are TO work in an atmos-
phera of aristocratic distrust and inter-
ference. have not succeeded in solving their
problem. The impression has gone out that
they are husiiy engaged in the destruction Of
religion. The truth is that they have dvna-
mltcd the orthodox theory of the Bible and
have gone long way toward making religion
safe for democracy. Their task has been ac-
eomplished in spite of the steam roller.
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
{ Gi4@ @ Around the World and Back Again
When Forest Fires Were
OnwittingIy Beneficent

~ HEhR accident, according to writer
- in The Paper MILL" brought about
a discovery of Canada's richest as
bestos deposits The account runs as
folowss
New-York tribune., 1918-03-10
Ma1erS@s =
113IQuchiHHl8
R@5li80hc:: ::
'''''''> "''''''"'"""'-
The kaiser's Ecclesiastical Steam
Roller Has Sought to Keep
the People in Religious
Submission
Submission
I>AT\ \DI DTr~

REMARKABLE article by Loui,
Wallis n The Public" sketche.
the steps by which divine right il
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1918-11-15
THE END OF THE WAR.

The terms Of the armstice extended
by America and the allies to Germany
ditional surrender in detailed form.
r nothing than a demand for uncon-
The fear in America that something
might be allowed the Hun, or that
some loophole might be opened for
his escape from the just r%etribution
that the fight-to-a-finish advocates de-
sired, when the president opened par
leys instead of demanding surrender
without conditions, was not justified.
The quentity the American people
overlooked in the situation was the
attitude of the entente nations. Read
ing over the conditions of the 30-day
temporary peace given the Boche, n
is convinced there never was any dan
ger England, France. or Italy would
allow the world criminal to escape
from their teeth. The American in
fluence does not seem to be dominant
in any article of the armistice to the
casual observer.
Nothing is extended to the Hun, ex-
cept his life and the cessation of hos
%tilities. The terms strip him Of all
military power on land and sea and in
tie air; take from him all fighting
strength; push him back out of all
captured territory; rescind all his ne
farious treaties with Russia and Rou-
mania; take over his colonies, and send
him bare and helpless, like a whipped
cur, back into the fatherland from
which he marched in arrogance and
pride four years ago to become an
overload of creation.
On the other hand, the allies and
America retain all military power,
maintain their blockade against Ger
man ships, garrison the Rhine, under
take the control of the Baltic and the
borderlands of Germany and Alsace-
Lorraine, dictate the return of prison
ers, and take all other safeguards to
enable them to crush Germany if she
dares raise a finger.
The acceptance of these conditions
shows better than any other proof that
Hunland was in a state of revolution
and economic misery, on the verge OF
political dissolution and economically
close to it's last gasp. No other con-
ditions could have forced the scepte,
from the emperor's hand and the
swords of military power from thos
of his generals.
Though temporary in form the ar
mistice is the absolute end OF the war
Germany is PROSTATE.