davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
] } O

hibit at least show of loyalty to South
American governments and institutions
mo prlvatlons were too great to be
undergone for the sake of winning trade
and prestige. The traveller is surprised
to find the German in such isolated coun-
tries as Bolivia, where he has gone Ger
manizing $4,000 feet above the sea- To this
mountain republic Germany sent few
years ago a committee of experts to study
the market even in the most insignificant
details, taking back to Germany complete
sets of samples of every article that it was
possible to initiate and send TO these out
of he-way populations. AS result, if one
goes to a shop in the Andean region to
purchase poncho, that picturesque blanket
that every Indian or cholo of the lofty
Cordilleras wears in place Of an overcoat,
he will need to be a close student of such
articles to distinguish poncho made by
the Indians from one manufactured and
dyed to suit the native taste, exported from
Germany"
AS for Costa Rica, our unrecognized
ally Germany has stepped in where we
failed to tread and planted the seeds
of her ambition. If they do not grow
up into dangerous weeds it Will be due
to the stanchness of the Costa Rica
people and their government, and not.
the press of the country agrees, to any
wise policy on our part.
For years, according to the opinion of
"The North American Reviews War
Weekly" Costa Rica has been the seat
of powerful German propaganda:
CAS- part of this propaganda vast sums
OF German money were invested in the
country. Close commercial and even matri
monial ties were established by German
agents with wealthy Costa Rican firms and
families. year ago last January Germans
were IN full control of the country. They
not only actively urged aggressive action
against Allied interests in the war itself
but they were industrously at work max.
ing provisions for Germany's after-the-war
needs. They were purchasing plantations
rlght and left and accumu ating vast stores
OF those raw materials which GERMANY 10
gong to need SO badly when the war is
ended and which, in the face of the world
WIDE antlpathy her war brutalities and war
revealed treachery and greed have created
she IS going to find it exceedingly hard to
get" '~A" W
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
\ Twelve-Hour
n Revolution

Costa Rica had a President who was
noted for his sympathy with Germany
SIN January, 1917" says "The Outlook
"the former Minister of War Federico
Ilnoco, by coup d'etat, unseated President
Alfredo Gonzales. The revolution took
twelve hours and was without bloodshed
Shortly after our declaration of war IN
Germany Tinoco offered the oorts and
waters of his country to the United States
The value of this. especially N view of the
necessity of protecting the Panama Canal.
is evident, and particularly when the at.i
tude of the canals nearest neighbors to .ho
south, Colombia and Venezuela. is cons;d
cred. Senator Gallinger, of New Hampshire
has now introduced a resolution in Con-
gress declaring that the United States
should accept this offer of the use of Costa
hlcan ports, and also any other assistance
in the war.
sin accordance with President Wilson's
policy of refusal to recognize revolutionary
governments in Latin America however lb.
cause OF purpose to influence the PEOPLES
concerned to appreciate constitutionality
and not force whenever they want gov
ernmental change), Tinoco was not recog-
nlzed as President of Costa Rica, even
though he took the trouble TO call con-
ventlon and have himself declared elected
Now Senor Tinoco has brought new ar
gument to bear the situation He has
brought his country in as our latest allv
As such it calls for special consideration.
The question is, WIN Mr.. Wilson now recog-
nize Senior Tinoco as President of Costa
Rlca' The latter evidently expects that
"hen two allies are marching together tow
ard common goal one will take off his hat
to the other"
The Costa Ricap government was set
up by revolution, and such a govern
ment is not proper for the United States
to associate with. Such seems to be the
attitude of the Administration. But The
New York Tribune pricks that particu-
lar moral bubble By pointing out that
"the United States has recognized scores Ct
forelgn governments which came into exist
ence that way. Our own government was
established through revolution Only
couple of years age President Wilson in o
message to Congress highly eulogized the
right of revolution. The theory that the
successfully established government of an
independent state should be boycotted In
definitely because of its revolutionary orr
gin is entirely new in international law and
morals.
"ln fact, our own recent practice has been
inconsistent with the Costa Rica boycott.
We have recognized revolutionary govern
ment in Peru. We have also recogn zed the
revolutionary Carranza government in Mex
ico. Why split hairs about the de jure char
acter of the present administration in Costa
Rica?"
And The Tribune concludes:
"a friend in war is twice friend. If
Costa Rica has any troops to send here to be
trained and equipped we ought to welcome
them. Mere pride of opinion has no place
In war diplomacy"
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

T IS interesting just now, when all
the important commercial forces
IN the country are warning US of
the need of breaking Germany's
strangle-hold on South American cult
ure and trade, to find the German i'm
perialist organs crying out against
Americas sinister intention of becom
ing dictator of the hemisphere down
to Cape Horn" An article in ''The New
York Times" quotes the Cologne Volks-
zeltung' as saying that the United
States
"is dspeased with the Spanish-American
republics, especially Mexico, Chile and
Argentina. The paper remarks that Chile
has German organized army and that
the Mexicans hate the Yankees. Wilson's
favorite state, it says, is Brazil, because
she is in the war actively
"a Central American league. it is added.
is being organized by Guatemala, Honduras.
Nicaragua and San Salvador, which, to-
gether, are bigger than Germany The
paper alleges that this is only forerunner
of a Pan American Council and that this
is known at the Bureau of American Re-
publcs, of which John Barrett is the chief.
american imperialism, which is so much
denied, sees daylight here, the 'VolAszei-
tung' says.
"Americas position, the article proceeds,
is greatly strengthened by the Panama
Canal, especially with regard to the West
Indies and Central America, as an American
fleet can pass from ocean to the other
in the shortest period. The paper pretends
that much concern has been caused in Latin
America by Wilson's application of the
Monroe Doctrine and that, under the ruise
of protecting small states against Europe,
every effort has been made to make them
dependent on America.
1T is clear the Volkszeitung' says, that
Wilson hopes to throw the whole of Central
and South America into the war against
Germany trusting to get the entire conti-
nent under his control so that he can be
the dictator of the hemisphere down to
Cape Horn
THE paper says that it is Germany's duty
to endeavor to counteract this, as it would
be the greatest tragedy if America were
able to control the land Of the future with
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
Dleading For a Little
1 Open Diplomacy

The Philadelphia Public Ledger"
pleads for the application of little of
President Wilson'S open diplomacy to the
intricacies of the Costa Rican mudde.
The question is more serious" it says,
because
"the attitude of the United States has pre-
vented Ilnoco from obtaining the financial
assistance he needs, and has also kept alive
the German propaganda against him He
can get no money from the Allies while the
State Department repudiates him, but ne
can get plenty of money from German
sources If he himself will repudiate the
cause Of the Allies"
The Importance of a friendly feeling in
Costa Rica is urged by THE Philadelphia
Press" since
1T is so placed geograph caly as TO be IN
position TO render great service to the
Allied cause. Costa Rican waters command
the western entrance TO the Panama Canal.
With Costa Rica friendly. American
efforts to protect the canal would be aided
immensely. With Costa Rica hostile, Ger
many would profit to great degree"
1T is difficult" says "The North
American Reviews War Weekly" "to
account for our unfortunate attitude
toward Costa Rica, unless on the theory
that our diplomacy in that direction still
suffers from the decentralization ard deg
radiation which the egregious Bryan
inflicted upon it when he openly pro-
claimed it to be q field for partisan
loot.
1T certainly is strange and regrettabe
that while we are going to such lengths to
encourage the cooperation of Latin America
IN the war we should maintain so unfavor-
able an attitude toward country when
occupies geographical position of supreme
strategical Importance, which enjoys an ex-
ceptlonally high standard of government
stability and responsibility, and which in .
notably valiant and generous manner re-
sisted German propaganda defed German
enmity and placed itself with all it's con-
siderable resources at our service as ouF
ally in the war; .
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
when German Propaganda
w Fell Down

German influence in Bolivia was re-
ported to be strong, but Bolivia broke off
diplomatic relations and ranged herself
on the side of the Allies only few days
after the United States declared war.
German propaganda, which had used the
particularly subtle weapon of stirring
Bolivia's unfriendliness toward her near
neighbors, fell down completely in trying
to swing that country to her side.
Honduras and Hayti followed Bolivia,
and then Peru, which had previously de-
clared its intense sympathy with the aims
of the United States, broke off relations
with Germany last October.
Uruguay came in only one day after
Peru. Before the government acted, the
following ringing defiance of Germany
was published in "El Da" of Montevidao:
"Our Foreign Office has under considera-
ton the note of Brazil communicating the
repeal of the decree Of neutrality in the war
between the United States and Germany, an
attitude which responds to a high sense Of
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

American solidarity and of conou,r;.
democratic principles. Our country csn.o. =.
De lndIHerent, and much less hostile +o ~
exemplary line of conduct, which afsr,,. Ae
generous identity of atruistic no,ives =.
International conception For us-ana ~,a
nave said 1t many times-neutrali. ~.
not exist from the very moment in ,,s;es
Ieuton imperialism classes belIieeva..."'
with the right of neutrals to naviosts 10y
trade across the open seas. To Teuton ~U ;aa
perlallsm, trading by neutrals with +ta;-
own flag or with that of others cons+i,n.I
a crime; crime which is punished h., ~
SINKING OF ships and the sacrifice of ~ :.
cerests and lives of those engaged in ~:
CATION. All the accepted rules of the r;,h..
or people have thus been subverted ard -.
nored by an autocratic piracy Coun+r,eu
should be isolated; they should spnnr.ss
their commercial relations with other go
tries; they should submit to the will -.
lordly terrorists who pretend to rule +sa
lie and economic expansion Of the ,whois
world under the brutal yoke of modern ~.
querors armed with bombs and torpedoss
America must adopt solidarity bv n
policy of proud resistance"
Ecuador is with Us, too. We can .or,.
on the sympathy Of the people, bus il
seems, ON little else. The country is very
poor, and averages about one revolution
year.
This survey leaves one country to he
reckoned with, an ally; and an ally whom
strangely enough, we refuse to recognize
This country is Costa Rica
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
Low the Teuton Has
i 1 Wormed Himself in

Commerce has been the particular ave.
nuo through which the German has en-
deavored to penetrate Latin America, and
in this realm his progress, especially in the
last forty years, has been remarkable. He
has established large banks in the cities
and larger towns; he has founded business
houses directly in touch with his home
land, and evidently under the close SUPER
vision of the German government; he has
initiated and manufactured at low cost AL
most every native product the South Ameri-
cans desire or use he has built hotels and
restaurants in replica of those found in
Germany, and it has been clear that no de-
tail in clubs and social organizations, news
papers and literature, pleasing to the Teu-
tonic mind and habits, has been omitted
IN order that the colonzer and trader
might duplicate as far as possible home
environment.
AT the opening of the war the German
commerce throughout South America had
reached such fourishing proportions that
even Great Britain, the arch trader of the
world, with all her extended control of the
trade OF Latin America, found some diff
Guilty IN keeping her lead in South Ameri-
can business, while the relation of exnorts
from the United States and Germany was
IN the ratio of per cent to 25 per cent in
Germany's favor
I'm every conceivable way the Teutons
sought to ingratiate themselves into South
American favor. They did as the Romans
dld, revealed q studied politeness in bows.
hand-shaking and hat-liftng, learned to
use excellent Spanish and Portuguese. fat
tered and fawned where it seemed to their
advantage to do so even intermarried with
the native peoples, and were careful to ex-
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
a BOLDLY conceived proposal
N has been made for the incor-
4 ~ poration into great Cont


mental Army of all the forces
Of the Republics of North, South and
Central America which have declared
war upon Germany. This is stirring
scheme of wide possibilities. AS ''The
Rocky Mountain News" says:
"The American people have the vision to
realize what this means to-day and what it
will mean for the future. If it is car
ried out in war it will not end with the
war. AS binding force it will be more ef-
fective than the Monroe Doctrine, which,
as we know, jars upon the sensitive nerves
of some of the states piece of pater
nalIsm, too patronizing and c-sided.
"First of all the moral effect upon the
rest of the world will be farreaching and
Immediate. 1t will strike home with telling
effect upon Germany. A Pan-Amercan
army on the western front without striking
blow would be equal to a great victory
against the enemy
In welcoming this plan it is worth
while to cast speculative eye over the
republics to the south of US and see
where their sympathies really lie. Some
have declared war on the common enc
my, some have broken off diplomatic
relations, some are still laboring under
cloud of German propaganda, anti
American prejudice and simple misun-
derstanding.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
\ n Original and
n Emcacious Policv

The success of his mission was proved
by the statement given out soon after
DR.. Naon's early return to Washington
was announced. The statement read, in
part:
"The Argentine Republic, disdaining use
less postures, which do not mean action or
even decisive attitudes, without abandoning
her attitude of exacting respect for her
rights in the insistent and almost violent
form employed in her protests to Germany.
has decided to place at the disposal of the
governments of the Entente all the avail
able resources of the country for the sus-
tenance of their armies and their peoples
under conditions identical and even more
favorable ii that be necessary than those
governing the operations effected for the
disposal of the harvest of cereals :.
This policy, which has the merit of orgi-
nality and efficacy, will give to the Argen-
tine Republic a situation in the great CON
course of nations who are fighting for lib
erty and democracy, and will conserve and
augment her prestige as a modern country
with the ideals proper to her generous
youth and at the same time to her tradi-
ton"
With regard to Chile, which has al
ways been a stronghold of German trade
end propaganda, Mr.. Charles Evers,
editor of THE South American" says
that the army, largely trained in Ger
man methods under German instructors.
and the Roman Catholic clergy tend to
sympathize with the Central Powers.
while the people at large and the navy
tend toward the Allies. Chileans at
large have little liking for Germans,
strong love for France, admiration for
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
citing at the Youth
~ of the Land

Clayton Sedgewick Cooper, in "The
Century Magazine" outlines the extent
of the subtle Teutonic offensive that is
still being carried on against South
America:
BY sending his German professors and
teachers the Teuton has endeayored to
lmpregnate the youth and the school svs
TENS of the republics with the method used
In Germany. By thorough training of her
traders and manufacturers, even before thev
left their own land the attempt has been
made to suit Latin American conditions in
the matter of language, credits, packing and
kind of articles needed. The German off
GERS who have trained the military in
number of the republics have made a deem
impression upon the army contngents of
these South American nations, and in dress
and department, as we'll as in arms made
in Germany, the soldiers of such countries
as Chile, for example, might almost be mis-
taken for Germans. In this latter country
especially, where there is strong native
inclination for fighting, the German mill
tary propaganda has been more influential
than the PROFESSIONAL mission, though tho
later developments of the war have reduced
the enthusiasm for German types of mill
tariSm,
THE founding of German colonies in
South America has also entered into the
German scheme of penetration. The three
hundred thousand or more Germans settled
In the temperate climate of Southern Brazil
and the large German settlement in the
region OF Valdivia, in Southern Chile, are
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
Colombia Is Ready to
~ MAKE Up"

Colombia is of more Importance and
Of great interest to America. She has
had little love for the United States ever
since the coup detat which gave us the
Canal Zone and made Panama a sep
arate republic. Just now, under an
efficient and honorable administration,
she appears to be ready to "make up"
and our Congress has before it treaty
which would seal the friendly relations
CT the United States and our near neigh
Dor to the south. Until that step is
taken Colombia remains pro-Ally but
anti-American, says Mr.. Evers.
An explanation of their neutrality by q
Colombian, Jose M. Restrepo, published
in "The South American" produces
rather feeble alibi He describes the
primitive state of Colombia's resources
and decides that by the time they were
mobilized the need for them would be
past. "On the other hand" he saws
her military force is insignificant and
FER naval strength non-existent. Under
such conditions the pretence Of sharing
IN SO gigantic struggle would have
been vulgar parade, merely ridiculous
before the eyes of the whole world. This
is the reason why the Colombian govern
ment, with due regard to the conditions
and to the. honor of the country. chose
the policy of neutrality, not forgetting to
protest for the sake of justice"
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
rail Also Brought
u Much Tonnage

Besides a largely increased and eff
cient army Brazil made available for the
use Of the Allies an important addition
in tonnage in the form, says "The South
American
"of thirty seized German steamers, aggre-
eating a carrying capacity of l53,206 tons,
originally incorporated in the Lloyd Brasil
liero fleet. The vessels will sail under the
Brazilian flag, and in order that Brazilian
trade may not lose by the transaction the
French government has agreed to buy and
transport two million bags Of coffee and
produce to the value of 100 1000, 900 francs.
The charter price is to be 100000 900 francs,
or say 440 francs per ton dead weight, which
is rather lower than the market rate In
this manner says The Times OF Argen-
tina, the Brazilians will make enough out
of the thirty German vessels to pay for the
coffee for which the German government
forgot to settle in the early days of the war.
Also, these steamers performing excel
lent service for Brazilian trade, and are
helping TO minimize the losses which lack
of carrying tonnage is occasioning the
Allies"
The ranks of the Allies were further
filled this spring by the entry Of Guate-
a territory of 1920 square miles and a
population of over 1000 coo, Guatemala
is by no means military power, but is
constitutionally equipped with laws per-
hitting the mobilization of citizens be-
tween the ages of eighteen and fifty,
while sustaining & permanent standing
army of $4,000 officers and men,"
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14

the British and not much affection for
Americans.
1t is encouraging to note that the
Chilean government "for reasons of in
ternational policy and in it's desire to
strictly observe the rules of neutrality"
has refused to undertake the diplomatic
representation of German interests in
Brazil, Bolivia and Ecuador.
Paraguay, says Mr.. Evers, which is
also neutral is of little Importance She
is so poor that three Paraguayan dollars
are at present worth about one American
cent Temperamentally she is disposed
to the Allies, but practically she can
scarcely help even herself.
New-York tribune., 1918-07-14
Low Do the Countries
] / Standp

Who are our friends? On whom may
we count to back us and our Allies and
the cause of republics everywhere? Else
where on this page is tabulated a list
showing the present position of the
Latin-American countries.
1t is what lies behind this list rather
than the list itself, that must interest
Americans. When Brazil declared war
on Germany, why did her important sis
ter republics, Argentina and Chile, hold
aloof and cling to their neutrality? Has
German propaganda won the people to
her side?
An article in "The English South
American Journal denies this, and in
sists upon strong popular sympathy in
both countries for the cause of the
Allies
In Buenos Ayres, Argentina, it says:
an enormous concourse, estimated at l00,-
800 persons, gathered and marched through
the streets protesting their adhesion to the
side of those struggling to vndicate the
rights of liberty and civilization. A So
called neutrality manifestation the
other hand, which was afterward convened,
comparatively insignificant in it's re-
suits. In this pains were taken not to
identify the movement with pro-German
sympathies, but it was organized to show
that the Republic had as yet no reason to
intervene in the war.
"This, it must be admitted, is logically
fact, but it is equally fact with regard to
Bolivia, who perhaps is more in unison
with great ideals and not so punctiiously
practical. 1t is probable, seeing there is no
Argentine national shipping on the seas,
that friction with Germany will not arise,
and SO the republic will remain neutral and
we can rely on the government strictly
carrying this principle into effect.
"The same may be said of Chile. There
nothing to go uron for actual conflict
with Germany. The Chilean government
denies the pretensions of the Teuton, but
not being directly concerned in any outrage
Of national rights has no basis for their
defence by war-like adverse diplomatic
mea asures. Thus both Argentina and Chile
have taken due note Of the situation to
use the officia! phrase; have repudiated any
restrictions of navigation on the high seas
they do not navigate, and in the meantime
continue the maintenance of neutrality, a
neutrality, we are convinced benevolent by
The desire OF the great mass of both nations,
but possibly somewhat too rigid officially to
illuminate the historic glory of free and
democratic nations"
1t seems likely, however, that Argen-
tina will soon exchange mere neutrality
for active aid to the Allies. "When,"
says "The South American" "early in
this year, DR.. Romulo Naon, Argentine
Ambassador to the United States, an
nounced his intention of temporarily
leaving his post in order to make visit
10 Buenos Ayres, it was rumored that
ne had already placed his resignation in
the hands of the Argentine President;
and close friends of his excellency, both
here and in Argentina, affirmed that he
would no longer consent to represent
his country at Washington if the pre-
vailing attitude of almost unconcerned
neutrality was adhered to-"