davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11
POTASH AND THE CROPS.

Robert S. Bradley, chairman of the
board of directors of the American
Agricultural Corporation. says there Is
no better Illustration of the influence
Of German propaganda than the en-
aggerated opinion held by the Ameri-
can public as to the value Of pota sh
as a fertilizer. For many years be-
fore the war" he says, the German
potash syndicate expended millions
OF dollars in this country in booming
the potash creed until our farmers be-
came obessed with the idea that potash
exerted an almost magical influence on
crop production.
Since 1914 the United States has
been unable to import potash from
Germany. and as we have produced
but small fraction of the amount
normally used for agricultural pur-
poses fertilizers have contained little
or no potash. This is especially true
Of the last two years, and yet this
country has in sight to-day the largest
crops ever produced in her history
while Germany's crops are, from all
accounts. far below their normal Yields
before the war though she has doubt
less used excessive quantities of potash
in an effort to minimize the effects of
the dearth Of phosphates. Other coun-
tries also have grown normal crops
since the war without the use Of
potash.
This emphasizes the fact that phos-
phoric acid in the form of superphos-
pilates is far more important to crop
production than potash, as was long
ago demonstrated in this country. when
phosphate fertilizers We're used sue
cessfully for over twenty years before
the advent of potash. Germany has
no mineral phosphates with which to
make superphosphates, being depend
ent upon the United States. Algeria
and Tunis for her supply Of this basic
raw material
while potash Is valuable as fertil-
izer for strengthening the stalk and
improving the quality OF some crops.
phosphoric acid is tine essential Gle
ment for the production of the grain
and fruit of all crops.
Germany needs our phosphates far
more than We need her potash. and the
longer the war lasts the more anxious
she will be to get our phosphates in
exchange for potash.
"As to our own production OF potash.
see but little encouragement at pres
ent for the belief that the United States
Will eventually be able to produce her
own normal supply unless deposits of
actual potash salts should be dscov-
cred In this county. which is 10y no
means improbable"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11
ORDERING FARM IMPLEMENTS
FERTILIZERS AND IN
SECTICIDES.

The United States Department OF
Agriculture and the State College Of
Agriculture urge farmers and garden
ers to order their fertilizers, sprays
and implements earay. but do not state
what Is meant by early.
1t is not too early now to place
orders for immediate delivery. In
some cases goods from Indiana and
Ohio have been delayed in transit for
long periods owing to the congested
condition of the railroads. This APP
plies particularly to goods shipped by
freight.
In ordering goods Of this kind. place
the orders far In advance OF the time
the articles are wanted. Have the
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Avoid cutting sweet clover too close
TO the ground. At least one healthy bud
or. young branch should be left on
cain stub. 1t 10 better to cut the plants
several inches above the young shoots
as the plants may die back from one
to three inches II cut during damp OF
rainy weather.
A good plan is to let the sweet clover
hay remain in the swath until 1t
is well wilted. or Just before the
leaves begin TO cure. The hay should
then be raked into windows and
cooked at once. Make the cocks as
high and as narrow as possible, as this
permits better ventilation.
In stacking sweet clover use foun-
dalton Of rails or posts and roof with
long green grass.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

they do the sample should be returned
to the kettle and the whole allowed to
cool little more. A little practice will
teach the operator when the MARINA
lade is coo; enough to pour.
The Jars should be boiled for fifteen
minutes before they are used. When
the marmalade is cool pour hot melted
paraffin over the top to seal It and
then put on the cover.
Grape Mnrmalade.
Best results will be obtained IL about
| one-half the grapes are little under
ripe. Wash and stem the fruit. Sep
arate the skins from the pulp and cook
the pulp in an agateware saucepan
until the seeds are liberated. Pass
through sieve or oolander to remove
the seeds. Place the skins In a sauce
pan, add a scant half pint of water for
| each quart OF skins, and boil unit. ten
der. A. thin slice or two OF lemon may
he added II desired. When tender add
this to the pulp and measure the mix
ture into a preserving kettle. Bring TO
g. boil. and then add one pound OF
sugar for each quart Of material. Cook
| over steady fire until the ceiling
point" is reached. as indicated by the
taking or sheeting from the spoon.
Pour into hot freshly sterilized Jars,
cover and cool.
Crab Apple Mnrmalade.
Wash the fruit. remove the cores and
cut or chop into small pieces. Place
| in the preserving kettle and add just
enough water to show at the top Of the
| fruit. Cook until the fruit Is tender
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

goods shipped with the bill Of lss,r,
attached to bank draft for az
amount Of the goods. Have the dr ~.
sent to the bank where the purchaS'S'
does business n the point whers ,' ,s
goods are to be delivered. "'
When the draft arrives the hanL ..,
notify the consignec. who in tprn WIZ
instruct the bank to hold the dram
until the goods arrive at the froist'
station. On the arrival Of the po 49,
the freight agent will notifr tho wv
signee. who can IL desired cali j.,
the freight house and see the voos.
The draft with the bill of laainr -,
tached can then be taken up NJ ~.
bank. the bill of lading presented W.
the freight agent. who in turn viii 4.
liver the goods to the consirnee ~,
all concerned are fully protected
BY ordering In this way the ro,,.
are not paid for until they are >.
! ceived. ".
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11
A COMBINATION WAR TIME
GARDEN.

The vegetable garden has certainly
come to its own. Never has the gentle
art OF raising vegetables received such
an impetus: never has so much gra-
suitous and promiscuous advice on
vegetable growing been disseminated
Unfortunately much of this in
formation has been so imprac-
ticable or conflicting that 1t is no Won
der that many a beginner has been
completely bewildered or discouraged.
In their excessive enthusiasm some
writers have advocated gardening
schemes that are far from feasible
Others. not satisfied with trying to dis
courage the cultivation of flowers, 1.-The
stars OF the EARTH" have endeavored
also to restrict even the production of
fruit. contending that fruit is not
essential as food and that the time
spent in its cultivation Is therefore
wasted. Absurd! Fruit is wholesome
and nourishing and has considerabl BILE
medicinal as well as food value. and II
Its use were more general, particular
1y in tho section where II Is raised,
one source of great waste would be
checked, a saving OF less perishable
foods thus made possible and some of
the congestion caused by the transpor-
cation Of the fruit lessened. Another
extremist urges the ploughing up Of
ones flower garden and lawn and the
planting Of potatoes in "such useless
plots" While conceding that the po-
tato stands very high as wheat
saver" and should for that reason II
for no other be planted freely. yet
surely there are more suitable plots
for the cultivation OF this wholesome
but humble tuber than on the front
lawn. For even in these serious
times. when We must all adapt our
selves to so many new and changed
conditions, suitability may still claim
some consideration. It is not yet
necessary to starve the soul to feed the
body. and though II may he expedient
10 curtail expenditures of time and
money, let us care wisely for the fiow-
ers that We have. particularly peren-
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Home and Farm Food Preserva-
ton" by William V. Cruess, tells the
canning story in a concise and inter
esting manner, with illustrations eX-
planning the various operations. The
principles and methods OF food preser-
walton are fully explained: Why food
spo!ls, ways of preventing spelling;
canning fruits, vegetables, meats. frui.
juices, syrups: jellies ana marmalades
fruit and vegetable drying. makins
vinegar, sailing and picking Price
$50, The Macmillan Company, New
York.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11
COVER CROPS FOR THE GARDEN.

Cover crops are quite as important
for the small garden as for farm fields
Parts of the garden. vacant during
September, should be spaded and wall
covered with hydrated lime. A plot
200 by 200 feet will require from 1000
to 1000 pounds. smaller plots in pro-
portion. Lime Is not fertilizer, but
It neuteralizes acid soil and makes in
ert plant food available.
Rake the lime into the soil and sow
rye or vetch. Rye is an excellent
humus agent as II forms fibrous root
growth and when turned under in the
early spring greatly improves the soil.
Netch extracts nitrogen from the air
and fixes it in the formlof nodules on
the roots. adding nitrogen as well as
humus to the soil
If supply OF old leaves is available
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11
DURoc HOGS.

The old red sow has paid many
mortgages. bought necessities and
luxuries for the families of "a host Of
breeders and supplied meat for home
and foreign consumption. She pro-
duces large litters and is good
mother.
Duroc sows are tractable and easy
to handle; they are heavily boned,
which enables them to carry their
heavy carcasses. The hog multiplies
rapidly, brings returns quickly and
continuously and turns much ferti-
lizer back to the farmer.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Lambs are graceful. attractive ami
mails and make good lawn mowers.
They may be permitted to roam over
the lawn or can be tied to a stake
by fitting leather collar loosely about
the neck of the lamb. Put an iron
ring on the collar and tie the rope to
the ring. The lambs soon become ac-
customed to the keeper and the rope
can he dispensed with.
In housing lambs give plenty OF air
and clean drinking cans. They like
bran and cornmeal mixed with little
water every couple Of days. Summer
rain does them no injury. in fact 1t is
beneficial.
Wool is over one dollar a pound and
scarce; lamb chops are sixty cents;
both are going higher.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

One head of bleached Chinese cab
bage. Two cups cream sauce.
Wash and cut the cabbage into half
inch pieces, put into saucepan, cover
with boiling water, and let it stand
until cold, then drain, rinse with cold
water. return to saucepan, cover with
boiling water. and boil twenty five
minutes Drain and cover with sauce.
How to make the sauce:
Four level tahlcspoonfuls OF butter
or butter substitute. -Four level table
spoonfuIs of -four. Two cups of cold
milk. Two level teaspoons salt. a
little pepper, quarter teaspoon OF
grated nutmeg or one teaspoon of
onion. One teaspoon Worcestershire
sauce.
Put butter or butter substitute into
saucepan; II onion is used add when
butter A melted; add the flour. mix
until smooth AL add cold milk, slowly
stirring it SO 1t will not lump; add
seasoning and fiavoring.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11
FUNDS FOR NEW YORK STATE
FARMERS.

The United States Governmen, al,
for increased production Of meat ,nI
grain. American farmers are dor
their best and then some more
NEE; the demand of the COVERINGS.
In New York State the pa,r,o.
Farmers Fund has been formed =,
supply money TO worthy farmers n.
the purchase Of sheep hogs. seed f..
tilizers and machinery. This organi,,.
ton has funds on hand now and ann,
cations should be made to NJ. W rn,
secretary, Utica, n. Y.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Peonies and iris planted In the
autumn. IL good strong roots are set
out. will get an early start and
flower next season.
Buy named varieties. selecting a
varied assortment OF colors. and va
rieties that flower early. medium and
late. to prolong the season Of bloom.
To simply buy peonies and iyis Is
likely to result in inferior varieties
that will prove unsatisfactory when
they fiowerywith the result that the
planting will be done. over again. Do
n good Job on the start.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Specimens Of insects sent for identi-
fcation should not be sent in an en-
velope. but should be packed in a small
tight box properly wrapped with the
name and address Of the sender on the
wrapper. Put some OF the food plant
in the box with the insects and do not
punch holes in the box or wrapper.
Insects carry best in tight boxes. Ad-
dress boxes and letters to Insect Ser
n. Y.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Keep on cultvating the gardens
throughout the summer. This keeps
the weeds down and the vegetables
growing. Cultivation is quite as
essential in the flower garden as in the
vegetable plot. Only shallow cultiva-
ton Is needed, leaving the topsoil in
a we'll pulverized condition.
During the hot weather the bugs.
weeds and plant diseases keep busy
and the gardener must keep after
them to permit the crops to mature.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

be stored in the same pit, separate
them with layers of straw. Cabbages
should be placed top end down. roots
Up.
Make piles not over three feet high
and cover them with about a foot of
straw. Place boards or poles on the
piles to prevent the straw from blow
ing away. Leave the pile in this con-
dition until light frosts and then cover
with a foot OF earth, pulling a hand
full OF straw through the top for venti-
lation. Allow the pile to remain in
this way until winter sets in, when an
other foot of straw and another foot
OF earth Is added. No ventilation is
needed through the second covering
This will keep the vegetables perfectly
through very severe winters.
1t Is well to make the piles small.
so when opened the entire contents
can be taken into the house at once.
A root cellar has given years of
excellent service, made with stone
foundations, like the foundation Of a
house to about foot above
ground. The floor Is cemented. The
roof Is roofing boards covered with a
foot of straw, well packed; on this is
another set Of roof boards. shingled.
A passagcway Is In the centre with
bins on each side. The bins have
movable partitions, so the size can be
enlarged or reduced.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11
HOW TO COOK CHINESE CAB.
BAGE.

In response to request recently
published asking for recipes for cook
ing Chinese cabbage. a Baltimore
reader sends the following which are
credited to the w. Atlee Burpee Com
pany, Philadelphia:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Do not permit rhubarb plants to go
TO seed. Cut out the seed stalks.
Do not use poisons on cabbage
plants after the heads have formed.
One part Of Persian insect powder
mixed with four parts OF -uir slaked
lime busted on the plants often
enough to keep them covered will
AFFORD proper protection. The insect
powder must be fresh, not only re.
Gently purchased but freshly ground.
In seeding winter vetch as a cover
crop use half the quantity Of rye
seeded with 1t, one bushe. OF vetcN and
q half bushel Of rye to the acre.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Egyptian or perennial onions set
out during September require no
winter protection. They come up year
after year. The bottoms divide and
give young green onions as soon as
plant life starts In tho spring. The
new bulbs are formed on the tips of
the stems and can be planted in the
autumn. A good plan is to have a
permanent bed Of these onions to pro-
duce the sets year after year. which
can be planted in the autumn for
green onions In the spring. The price
at the present time. August 6. is 40
cents a pound.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

One head OF bleached Chinese cab
bage. Half cup French dressing
Half cup mayonnaise.
Wash and cut the cabbage into half
inch pieces the same as celery is cot
for salad. Put into bowl and covN
with boiling water. Let stand three
minutes, drain and cover with cold
water. Let stand thirty minutes. drain
and shake until dry. Mix With French
dressing. line salad bowl with shredded
lettuce, put cabbage in centre and
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

A thick slice OF ripe tomato, Il is
said, placed over an ink spot on white
goods will remove the spot. and peach
stains wet with cold water spread
thickly with cream OF tartar and
placed in the sun will disappear.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

When black raspberry vines bend
over, each tip buried in the soil and
held in place with a peg or stone will
take root and send up new shoots next
spring. The new plants can be cut
from the parents and transplanted.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Do not permit trees to die for want
OF water In the dry season. In water
ing trees give them n soaking and
more water will not he required for
some time. Frequently one watering
in q season will save the life of a tree.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Twelve medium sized tomatoes one
and one-half lemons. one and three
quarters cups sugar. Peel and slice
the tomatoes thin. Remove as many
seeds as possible and make according
to directions for carrot marmalade.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Drought in some sections, coupled
with attacks Of aphids or lice, has
caused great damage to the potato
crop in New York and New Jersey.
Blight in other sections has been
troublesome.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Rhubarb should not be pulled when
the stalks become few and thin.
Give the plants a mulching of manure,
which will improve the supply for
next year.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Each hen in her pullet year shop,i
produce ten dozen eggs The average
size Of the backyard flock should h..
at least ten hens. which should n-o.
duce 100 dozen eggs during the wear
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11
Carrot, Rhubarb and Green
Peppers.
Carrot.

One cup ground carrot, three quart
ers cup chopped peppers, one lemon,
one cup unpeeled rhubarb. one cup
sugar, ginger root II desired. Cut the
rhubarb in one quarter inch slices and
make according to directions for car
rot marmalade.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

A hoe should not be used In web
established asparagus beds. Take out
the weeds by hand. Encourage growth
By means OF fertilizers and liquid
manure.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

If the ground is hard file the edge
Of the hoe with a large fiat file until
the hoe edge is sharp. This will make
the work comparatively easy.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

cover with mayonnaise or boiled
dressing.
It adds very much to the salad II
the dressing is favored with half
teaspoonful of scraped onion.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Potted strawberry plants set out
now will produce fruit next season
the same as field grown plants set out
last spring.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Stop cultivating bush fruits in
August, but keep on cultivating straw
berries until the close OF the growing
season.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

II lima beans are kept picked as fast
as they mature. the larger the crop
will be.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Use new rubbers in canning. Old
rubbers are sure to cause more or less
loss New rubbers are cheapest in
the end
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

spread these over the surface before
spading. turning them under.
The rye or vetch prevents teaching
or washing of the soil. One-third rye
and two-thirds vetch may be sown to-
gether. About one hushel OF vetch will
he required to SOW a plot 200 by 200
feet. Turn the crop under early next
spring.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

The National Swine Show and FIX
position. the biggest event of the year
for hog breeders. will be held at Cedar
Rapids. Ia, Sept. 80 to oct. 3.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Thin out strawberry plants when
they become matted. Crowded plants
will produce only a poor crop next
year.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11
NiIi~.
SWINE

A MODERN Brlrosr '.u. |.'"
bred for september inJrnv l''
pigs for August and S'U''r..r
Will prove good -iHN,siu.'''.
stock from headquarters 900
largest and costltrst hrrI ~ .'r I'D.
or west, prices night. EHi j. '-. A''
HOolVille. \. l.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Fruits and vegetables packed for
interstate shipment must he marked
plainly and conspicuously with
statement of the quantity Of the net
contents, either by weight or measure.
Shippers who violate the law by fail
ing to properly mark the quantity OF
the contents Of each package are LA
BILE to criminal prosecution.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11

Superior Quality Chicks r f6c'g 1 "s
August Deiivery-Bar Rocks Brown IG
horns and Reds, Sl4 per NGrl. N""'
I'll Via parcel post, pr"pa.. " ." .
poultry meat, don't d"pouI ,"
fellow.
i. II, HUMMER & co. irruch,oMn. -
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11
Carrot Marin n Ia de.

Two cups ground carrot. one and
one-haf cups Of sugar. two lemons,
two teaspoons ground ginger root.
Cook the carrots until tender. Add the
sugar. Quarter and cut the lemons
in thin slices Cook slowly until thick.
without stirring. Pack in hot, freshly
sterilized Jars and boil (process) for
FIVE minutes in steamer or hot water
bath.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1918-08-11
Vegetable Marmalades.

Vegetable marmalades may be made
at small cost from products from the
home garden. The vegetable marina
ladies' contain a smaller proportion OF
sugar than those made from fruits.
They are made of combinations of
vegetables. sugar and fruit acid.
Lemon Juice is usually used and other
fruits are sometimes added.
Each of the following recipes makes
about one pint Of marmalade: