davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Southern herald., 1918-07-19
ROB TEXAS SPECIAL;
BANDITS MAKE ESCAPE
Believe That Looted Cars Welded
only TrIfllns AmOuut--FOur Per-
sons on Train Wounded During Tsr-.
rorizIng Shooting.

Paola, Kas.-After several hours
search through the brushwood border
ing the Marais De Cygne river. home
guards. sheriffs posse and volunteer
villagers numbering about $50 men, re-
turned to their homes without having
found trace Of the bandits who con-
Quoted the spectacular midnight rob
berry near here Of the ''Texas specials
a fast passenger train Of the Missouri.
Kansas & Texas railroad.
Some Of the searchers expressed tha
belief that the bandits, VINO escaped in
4 motor car, had probably reached KAN
sas City. The Kansas City police have
been asked to watch for them
A merchant who lives on the JET
ferson highway, which runs near the
scene Of the holdup, reported that 2
motor car loaded with men stopped II
front Of his home early II the morn
ing. lie said the occupants we're going
toward Kansas City and seemingly
were lost
The Southern herald., 1918-07-19
slluatIon satIafaotory il Lond0n.

London.-The feeling in London on
the situation following the German at
tack in France Is that the develop
ments are quite satisfactory.
The Immediate objective Of the Ger
mans It ID considered here, probably
4 70 de.ach Rheims by attacking on
both sides Of It and capturing the hills
which would protect their right haaA
On 4 further advance southwark
The Southern herald., 1918-07-19

Allies occupy Whole Munman Coast
London. = American and British
troops have occupied the whole Of the
Murman coast, IN Northern Russia, says
a dispatch from Moscow to the Cen.
trail News Agency, by way Of Amster-
dam.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-12-21

which now exists between the allied governments and our own will not last live years unless reciprocal trade relations, fixed in justice, are arranged between us. Peoples learn slowly, and soon forget
 The theory that men are going to deal justly with each other regard less of a law to punish injustice is a milenial dream. The allies and America by reciprocal trade rela- tions and by the right of power and duty cut off commercial transactions with any people on earth that pro- poses to disturb the peace of the world, can go very far toward pro- moting that peace which we all just now so sincerely desire
 'Without knowledge, express the hope that we will not let go by this opportune time for removing what will undoubtedly be source of friction in the future unless dealt with speedily and justly.
 ''lf no equitable adjustment of the business of the world shall be made then, as. business men who are deep- ly interested in the commerce of America you realize as we'll as I do that it's weakness in the past has been the lack of ships upon the seas.
 Each of us know that one of the reasons for that lack has been the way in which We have insisted that our ships shall be named I think that, by international agreement. it may become the law of the sea for all seagoing powers. But. if it doesnt then we are confronted with three propositions-ei to repeal the law or to subsidize shipping or to have government control of our merchant marine, conveying the pro- duce of our merchants to foreign shores without any profit to the gov ernment of the United States.
 "inheritantly opposed to govern ment ownership, l should, neverthe- less, infinitely prefer it to substituting private lines. This question is one that deserves your careful study and the very best of your honest judg- ment"
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-12-21
HOLLIS ELECTED
 MAYOR YESTERDAY
Genera! Apathy Prevailed and Light
 Vote Cast Hollis Majority Over Harvey One Hundred and Sixty Six

The city Democratic primary elec- ton yesterday passed off without in cident. There Was no issue between the TWO aspirants for the nomination Of Mayor, as both candidates were very popular y0ug and active men /; both public spirited and advocates of the highest civic regulations or municipal affairs. Candidates for !hr nominations for the other offices ran without oppostion
 After the polls closed much inter est was manifested in the result or the contest in the mayors race. The Graphic office answered perhaps some less than one thousand calls, inquiring for information. The re- sponses to these queries elicited conflicting eNclamatons. The Hollis partisans received the news joyfully 1 while those who were supporting the candidacy of Mr. Harvey evidenced their disappointment in their re- @retS at his defeat. The next mayor thus expressed i himself on the result:
 'I am grateful to my friends who supported me for the nomination for which gave me a majority over my friend and opponent. Mir. Ben liar vey. To all of my friends l expect to appeal at all times to assist m2 in making my administration a sue. cess
 We are going to do big things We have the biggest town in the world, and the best people in the world, therefore, there is no reason why we should not do big things. ;
 Administration Personnel. The administration will be com posed of the following gentlemen:
 iMayor-=M. c. Hollis. Alderman First Ward -- R. M Vance; Second Ward--W. C. Me McBryde; Third Ward--E T. Miler, Fourth Ward--Gsorge Dalbv. City Treasurer-Harvey Hogg. Following is the vote for mayor by wards:
 First Ward-M. C. Hollis. 143; Ben Harvey, 165.
 Second W'ard-'M. z. Hollis, 246: Ben Harvey. IT.
 Third Ward-M. C. Hollis. $50: Ben Harvey, 246.
 Fourth Ward M. c. Hollis, 30; Ben Harvey, A.
 Total votes cast for mayor. 143O
 Total for Hollis, 79S; total for Harvey, 632. Hollis majority. 166.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-12-21
OUR SOLDIERS EDITION

Today's Graphic is an appreciation of and compliment to the boys of Pine Bluff and Jefferson county who offered their lives to maintain the freedom of the nation. This issue contains the pictures of more than 200 soldiers, nearly evtry one Of whom you know. Every picture that could be obtained was c6tainsd. Time for accepting them was limited. because they had to be sent away to be made into cuts. The Graphic regrets that the pictures of all the 2,5o0 or more Pine Bluff and Jefferson County sol diers could not be printed
 Though not complete, this issue Is an historical brief of what the city and county did to help win the war. It would take paper three times this size to tell all that the peopla of this city and county did to defeat the Hun.
 No expenses was spared to make it the best edition possible. The cost of the pictures ran into high fig ure. and the cost of white paper was a large item, but the Graphic is glad that it could in measure record the men who went to war. and ot the glorious efforts and sacrifices oi the folks who stayed behind and did all they could to help the boys o' the front. This edition very proba bly is the most expensive ever pub lished in Pine Bluff.
 We salute the boys in khaki ard the blue and honor them for the heroes that they are. Their sac:i- fees have brought to us Christ mas of peace and a prophecy ol prosperity during the New Year. Tf them and to the people of the city and county we wish Merry Christ mas and a Happy New Year
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-12-21
CLARENCE MACKEY
 IS STILL KICKING

New York, Dec. 20.-Clarence H. Mackay, president of the Commercial Cables and Postal Telegraph Com panies, demanded in statement is- sued here tonight that Newcomb Carlton, director of the government controlled cables ~- terminated his 'Nual capacity" as an employe of the Postmaster General and president of the Western Union Telegraph Com pany.
 Mir. Carlton's continuance in both positions, MT. Mackay declared, with the right to cotrol and pry into the business policies of his com petitor" are "antagonistic to the de- cent instincts of the American peo- pie"
 The same thing. he said, applies to Theodore N. Vail. president of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, who is acting as an ad- wiser to MT. Burleson.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-12-21
RIVERS AND HARBORS
 TAKE $26, ,935, ,000

Washington, Dec 20.--More than forty new improvement projects are included in the 1920 rivers and har- bors bill, which was completed to- night by the house committee. The measure carries appropriations total ling $26.935, ,000.
 For the new work, which is scatter ed along the Atlantic and Gulf and Pacific coasts and the Great Lakes, the committee recommended an lex- penditure of $S,76S,000 while the cost of further improvements on existing projects amounts to $15,224,000. Main tenance cost on other work totals $2,- 943, ,0O0.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-12-21
11.000.OO0 WEAR
 RED CROSS EMBLEMS

Washington, Dec. 20.-Eleven mill lion persons had answered to the American Red Cross Christmas Roll Calp' up to Thursday night accord ing to reports received today at head quarters. This number, it was stated, is more than the total number of new members set as goal in the first Christmas membership drive in 1917.
 Reports from the various divisions were announced tonight as follows:
 Atlantic division 2.6OO,O0O members Central division 100000; Pennsyl- vania-Delaware Division 100000; Lake Division 1,17S,O0; Southwestern Div ision. 1,050,0OO0; Southern division 2O8, 900.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-12-21

lcontinued on page fivel
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-12-21
RADICALS ELIMINATED.

Berlin, Dec. 20.-(By The Associated Press.)-The election of a new cen tral executive committee has been com pleted. The socialist members are largely in the majority, giving the cab inet support it heretofore lacked. Not only are many of the members really able men, but radicals like George Ledebour, Dr. August Mueller and oth- CT members of the old executive com- mittee have been eliminated.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-12-21
WILSON CONFIDENT
 OF REACHING SOLUTION

Paris, Dc 20.--"I am confident that the big council of statesmen of the world will be able to reach just and reasonable solution of the problems that will be presented to them. and thus earn the gratitude of the world for the most critical and necessary service which has ever been rendered it.' said President Wilson today in an interview, referring to the approach ing peace conference.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-12-21
TO THE PEOPLE OF PINE BLUFF

I thank you all for the honor be- slowed by electing me Mayor of our City. I am not under obligations to any one, and I thank all of you for your support. I will give my best ef- forts to the conduct of clean and progressive administration for the mutual advancement of all the inter- ests of our citizenship.
 Respectfully,
 Advt. M. c. HOLLIS.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-12-21
BRED" BUTLER KNOCKED OUT.

Ft. Worth, Texas, Dec. 20.-Bobby Waugh, local lightweight, knocked out "Red" Butler, of St. Joe Missouri, here tonight, in the fourth round of a scheduled 15 round bout.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1918-12-21
THE WEATHER.

For Arkansas: Saturday and Sun day, generally fair.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1918-01-04
Distributors WANT
TO BUY MILK CHEAPER
Hold Meeting Last Night and Frame
proposition to Be Presented 70
Tri-Stato Producers

Action was taken last night by the
Ohio Whitley Milk Dealers Association
10 submit Il proposition 10 the Tri-Stale
MIX Producers Association asking tha9
They "" furnished standardized MIX
nj n cheaper price. The petition Will
hc presented the producers ut an early
date as possible for their consideration
1t is the cout"ntion Of the distributors
that the producers SHOULD be able 70
furnish them with him at lower ris-
ure since the federal food admini&tra-
ton has CAUSED al COW feed TO be sold
much cheaper. Tho producers have Tor
some time coutnnd"d thn, tn" only rea-
son for their advancing the price I
number Of months ago WAS on account
Of the high price Of feed.
Tho distributors state that they nave
been making smaller percentage on
their investments during tho PAST year
than ever before due tn the price they
were forced To- pay producers. and that
they did nut deem IL rXprdirnL IL raise
tho price Ia customers.
Il was bruuEh, ont nj the meeting
that there could hc had AT present an
unusually larc" supply Of milk and that
=; vnS assured there will be- no scar
rltv "t milk in the Wheeling district
this winter nor will there b" any nd
yar,," in price Ia consumers. The meet
III. vas held in tn" Market auditorium
assembly room and waS we'll attended.
Earl W. t;rrrn". manager of the r. & {.
,,nirra:,y presided.
# l. likely that the Tri-Statn Milk
Producers: Assnriatinn Will hold Il moot
ing soon Ia consider thu proposition
framed last night Ivy III" distributors.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1918-01-04
BOLD HOLD Up IN
BELLA|RE STORE
TWO NEGROES FLASK GUNS IN
MERCHANTS FACE AND ROB
CASH REGISTER.
Stanton Phillips Surrenders Money
One Captured at Bridge
port.

At the roirt Of two r"r"lr"r%. Stanton
Phillips, proprietor q: u "nI"r'ionary
store AZ IL Nnbi. street. I:cliair". w:Ls
held up In his place If business last
night i: 9:l5 O'Clock. by two int"rlnpnG
southern negroes and made to hand Owe"
the contents Of his cash register SIl.Hs.
The nrcr"ra Cuirki? made their eS-
cape. hut n li:16 O'Clock h. III" rapid
work of the E"liairc police in getting In
touch with the surrounding towns. one
of the alleged hold up mon VA arrest
cd by the bridgeport polio" ana all the
monty Was found ON him. Til" other
negro WAS being h"tly pursued by -"
Icllar" polio" this morning. TIL" ono
arrested Is locked. M in Ia" Hc!lair"
jail. He gave his name as Hemp Neal
and recently arrived III EH!!arG from
the South
Mr.. Phillips was llnm" III tn store
at tho time. Tic neTrn~S LhruS, th"ir
reviewers III his incc and dcntnid':d that
he fork oyer IN" money III III" r""!St"'
Tho job was pulled Of: IL l.i; than iva
minutes. There were f"w r""pl" in the
street ut tho TIM" owing I" th' cold
night; Mr. Phillips Immediately nuii-
fed the polio" and they got into ''"'n-
municaiinn with all ~" surrounding
towns in less than tcn minutes.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1918-01-04
COLD SPELL PROMISES
TO CONTINUE TODAY
THERMOMETERS AT BOTH BRIDGES
REGISTER ZERO AT TWO
O'CLOCK THIS MORNING
People SILVER and Hurry Along Streets
Cars and Trains Late-Co1l
Men and Plumbers Busy

! Judging from the way tho thcrmorr:-
! ters ut tho stool and suspension bridges
: were acting last night. Wheeling folks
will continue To shiv"r. nj lens; today.
! for at two o'clock this morning ih"s
! registered AZ exactly Zero and wrr':
travelling in n Snuthcrly direction.
! The snow on the streets gave Forth
! that crunchinE sound which denotes
that il is absorbing the cold AMI is fast
freezing into e solid mass. TIL" few
pcoplc that were compelled tn he "n tho
strcct-ncws per mon. mlkm"n and
n few uth"rs-hurricd along rs last as
| thc1; could in an effort IL keep the blood
! in circulation. for the air VA" 81 'hat
penetrating kind that makes ono *hivcr
! to the bone.
! Nearly all street cars wer" running
! behind time last nigh:--as usuai-anG
nenplc who were forced :" wait for
! them stood in dOorways and any sort
: OF place that they could lind I" keep on
! n little OF the chill air. ~ the Union
Mission every had WAS crowded and
/ many slept on the floor. glad To get III
out Of tn" hitting cold.
| Railroad trains were all late. helhE
held up by the heavy fall Of snow. both
! In tn" cast and west and the bitter cold.
for Il WAS impossible for tho trains TO
run on schedule and 1T tho sam" timH
keep the cars warm.
! According to tho weather rrcdlct!"h'
there is no relief in sight Tor Scvcra'
| days and there is much suffering
throughout the city among III" poor.
who arc insuffIcIcntly clad and WHO raw:
no; enough coal TN hand 20 keep IA Eood
fire burning. From reports received
! from the gas company. II" Sh"rtaS" Oh
Gas Is anticipated. but the public IL
urged to conserve the. supply MS much
as possible.
, The plumbers arc r"aping Il harvest
rcnairiuS broken water pipes "hlch
have frozen IN and bursted. while coal
mon cannot supply their customers last
enough TO k""p up with the demands
made upon lhcr.
Fire Chief Edward Rose said last
night that everybody should he very
! careful 10 guard against lire. more :"
now than nj any other time. Tor IL
serious conlla grafton should break out
I'll. DEPARTMENT might experience dull
Guilty in getting enough water I" conf
hal the flames. for many Of the MIGRANTS
i, is thought. will he frozen. and before
thcv can be thawed out there might DC
a great loss of property.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1918-01-04
Dr.. Chamberlain Now on
Trial for Staying Brother

GOOCHLAND. Va, Jan. %.-Ntinr$S"S
for the prosecution at the trial !!'r" ~
Or. ASA W. Chamberlain. the Iowa ply
slrian. for the murder OF his brother.
Albert l.. Chamberlain. testified largely
today concerning business deals be-
tween the Two brothers.
DR.. Chamberlain planned To dctraud
his brother Of $l.+n0 awarded IN" latter
hv \ board Of arbitrat ton. and this MA"
the motive for tie killing Attorney l."
&. Wend.bury told 4 jury of farmers.
The commonwealth then introduced 4
paper showing Or. thamh"rlaln had
transferred the Chamberlain farm t"
H. X Mccall. Of StanhUrr. Iowa Tor
81. zoo in notes In Il la~ suit that fol-
lowed. the dead brother declared ms
ramc had hc"n uS.r without his kr""
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1918-01-04
FIRST DRAFT IN CANADA.

OTTAWA. jan. 1.-THE machinery OF
Gann,laS military service ACT was pu~
III motion to-day md worked smoothly
Mcu c"uScrIp:.d IN thc hrst draft arc
reporting III patches. as previously ar
ranged by district registrars. and Will
20 into training rs rapidly as they call
be handled and equipped.
Tho new Legislation calls for loO.oOo
r,en. tn frs; draft is said ~ exceed
1900. alti!,Usis Iii" exact n'llh"Hr was
wiihho'h irr military rcHS"ns.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1918-01-04
TIE vote as raSt follows
For Mayor.
Tn1ton.

4 hlE parade followed the reelection
Of Mayor L. !. Stockrr 10 office las;
night Ex-Mayor II. l.. Rocder mad"
n good race Of tho contest. but could
MOI overcome Mr.. Suckers popularity.
which carried him back to office by a
ma iurlty Of 80 votes.
James EolI defeated Jacob Fosscn
for the office OF recorder:
There were IL mon In the race for
council. siX IF whom were elected. ="
close was the contest that between Tire
second and eighth man running for office
there was ~ difference of but - votes.
Michael FrcIsmnth went into o1cc h%
one vote over Irwin SchTrt2ncr. wh"
only had ervcu more ballots in his favor
than W E!dcway. Charles Ciapr"ih
was The most popular councilman in
Tho contest securing l3f VOTES. whil"l
\. T"srlrwa';c. who ran last. had 80.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1918-01-04
FUNERAL DIRECTORS
10 BELOW AT FARMoNT.

: FAtRNONT. w. Va. Jan. 3.-An-
other severe cold wave struck Fairmont
and vicinity this morning and has con-
;inucd all day and tonight. the mercury
recording from ! 10 II degrees below
zero here. and in some parts of Marion
county il was IS below. The Eas con-
dtions har" been moro favorable during
This cold spell than during the wave
which swept through herr in December.
Factories. however. depending on gas
HAY" been practically idle. as AL gas is
saved for domestic uses. Coal IL USED
extensively IN mary of tho tnanufactur
Ing places. y dense FOG invaded th!s
Whole section Tonight.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1918-01-04
German Mask Thrown Off.

I'r.TKD,;KAn. Wednesday,. Ian =
tiGr In Associated rr"SSl---i''r"&f;Id
news papers are unanimous III de-
,.arIn: tina; In" irrlnaii$ AMI ArStrihnS
have. after on. week. Ihr"wn off IN"
nrsSl, and made it clear that Iii" Central
Powers ,n not want Il real d"rI"crutIH
Icar". ruc l'ray'!a -t!S:
German imperialism l. aEh:n begin
ming 20 show its claws.
Germans present unwii,in"n":." T."
give Poland. LIthutuia. lIy"u!a. tour
land and F.S!hrnia NJ. priv:i'E" ~ free
self definition is tn" r"''k upon w!I"h
the ncgot la'i"ns have %Iiit. hth"r i""A"'
conditions are ignored hy ne li'lsH"v-
Xxi LEADERS,. vii" say tn,t ''"rmrny up
posses tn" most vital pr!ncipf" und"Ti!-
Ing IN" Russian r"vniut:"n.
In AN interview wi'h newspapers. f"r-
irrn Minister Tr"i.:l" s,:!i ,ra' rta""
n~gutinliuns probably would not l." 70
uA,n"d It; l.iinvNk. -; IN" kus-
si:ns stuutly upi">r :h" rr!rcip," Of
annexation.
ON Tuesday rvaHins a. t Joint m""'-
ing nr ia. central 'X"rm'ivc ","m'ii""
VI III. congress of soldiers and work
mons delegates. representing ~" Peas
ants tl",uli..,. IN" l'"ir"l;rah N"i";ii''i's
and Soldiers, council and representatives.
e.: riIn general army r..mrr.".~ i"r 'h' he
mobilization If H.. ar'uI. = :"S"!"t!"n
ua- adopted unaujH"g!Siy declaring 'hat
TN, t;rrn:1ll I.',,C" terms W'.l" unjust. J.
,IruuilI!..ol Ii'.lTuili'. ~ 'lii!dn towards
IN. i:al'!' provinces rs :yrniu:''h ANA
authorized th'' g''I' lI'n"n' - ;'.'.' steps
T. ,ru,.~!"r iu:r:r' in'"'',' r'.:,',i.tl!"nt :"
. Neutral ""riiilrH.
isusaiau$ =. T.'rHli? favor :>'"rNl!'!n'.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1918-01-04
Patterson

Patterson will have \ new mayor
when 7. T.. Caldwell takes office. He
won Yesterdays election over w. Fol
mar by thirteen vntns In what proved
20 hr - tame contest So far rs III" ma
inrity IF tho people wor" concerned for
many did not so /" the polls
Tho cardi,iat"S however. made Up In
interest what tn" public lacked and tn"
hattie for positions on III" hnHr'' NJ city
fathers was Il rlrrry ono fro" earning
until night. Six crwrCilm"n w"rr
elected T. |. Moore hainG u l"S"r h%
,wn votes AMI Fi2!" Miller running last
In the race" having hat thirty-$"vcu.
George KCllar led 'ho ticket with sixty
four and .Iohn Mc[urd- was s"r"HI with
.IXty-ihr"".
TN" result:
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1918-01-04
TEUTONIC MONARCHS
Continued from First Page.

meeting al III, i'"a'" '"li'r'h'| '''r'
i;r, St-liinySh /" $50" "h"iir.
Tn" financial >i'u"ti"n III l'"hS''E
SEEMINGLY - loot wl'I II "i'' Wa. i"i
tl" seventh War l"a::. from Whi'h u
Ma& ..Ar", It'd "i-iri r:lii"m i.:"i"'n """''!
'". realized. brought i"rDh ""iH 'h''''
billion kr,n,.:l. .\"""r'iim-. /" ''I"r'
,h" greater part IL 'h'' :,n""r' sun
::crlF".t WAS iurr..i l""r 'i'. t'Af'"-'
banks tia rnpuI'"'' ""I"''"iIH ''"'h-'
"uI% an :n$@nri;'Nni PARTON ~ 4.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1918-01-04
SUBURBAN ELECTIONS
Continued From First PaGe.)
EdgwooQ.

l-v-Novnr J. II. Gibson cndeavorcd to
,,,,r. h,.k in the race for the mayor
aI,l: hunors in EdEwoud yesterday
oaai,,s, g.. VI. C,riswcll. the present
MAYOR. lui he was lcrt at tho post
lu.ins beaten by thirty votes. total
eli III votes was cast
G. T.. Carcnhaucr was elected record
or without uppositinn getting ninety
eight ballots.
In the race for council. II. j.
Humphrey and ". Z. Mayer we're de-
fcat"d
Tho result:
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1918-01-04
Town PittcrS
Elm Grove.

There WAS Hide Interest displayed in
tho election NJ Elm Grove yesterday.
Il total uf only lh4 votes being cast
which resulted In The rc-cl"ction OF the
present mayor, recorder and council
men.
James II. Ronks!"y and r. i. Blake.
who were out for councImanic honors
carried The smallest number or votes.
INC former receiving sixty and the lat
ter fifty-:hrec.
TIE vote rs rast follows: