The Mellette County pioneer. [volume] (Wood, Mellette County, S.D.) 19??-1971, 1918-08-16

mediately to the south. These sulphur
springs, as we'll as those south of
Tiberias, also developed in Roman.
times, and Of the ancient Callirrhoe'
springs, visited by the dying Herod the
Great in hope Of cure, In the Wady
Zerka Maan, are all undoubtedly valu-
able assets to the land and should be-
properly developed. They have, even
under the primitive conditions obtain
ing today, proved of benefit to rheu-,
matte affections, and are visited by the
natives at certain seasons. The water
Of some Of these springs reaches tenn
perature-independe Of the season.
Of 143 degrees Fahrenheit. but all
gradations Of heat down to the merely
pleasantly warm occur.
Immediately south Of the Lake Of
Galilee is fairly level plain-once-
the bottom Of the great lake which,
then filled this valley-which is good
corn land, while nearer the Jordan
some Of the lower ground can be easily
irrigated. How far the whole 60 miles,
Of the Jordan valley between the two
lakes is capable Of complete irrigation
Is question for experts, but I gather
from the views of one expert from
India who visited Palestine when L
was there, that water can be distribut--
ed over the greater part. 1t will need.
however, a big scheme, which must
deal with the valley as whole. Ger
tain spots are naturally well prOvided
with springs and streams, and have iIh
the past been very well watered,-
notably the district around Beisan and
the Vale Of Jezreel to it's west, the
Wady Fara, running from Nablus to-
the Jordan the eastern side Of the Jor--
dan around the Wady Zerka (the Jab-
bok), and the Jericho district. wateredi
at present in a very incomplete way.
from Ain es Sultan (Elisha's fountainr
and Ain Duk.
Water Supply In Eoman Times.
In the Roman era the Jericho plaina
was also watered from the Wady Kelt-
by series Of aQueducts, the ruins Of
which exist today, and the whole neigh
borhood must for miles around have
been mass Of gardens, orchards, corn
fields. and palm groves. In Crusading
times sugar was cultivated here, ands
some ruins are now known as Tawa-
hin es Sukkar, the sugar mills. Even
today there are extensive fruit gar
dens Of oranges, lemons, bananas, andi
dates, and great deal Of wheat andl
barley is grown on irrigated land ina
this neighborhood. In the various
parts Of the Jordan valley may be suc-
cessfully grown, besides wheat. barley
and maize, dates. bananas, grapes, figs,.
oranges, lemons, apricots, vegetables
and in all probability rice. cotton, and
sugar.
AS the northern shore Of the Deadi
sea Is approached the soil becomes in
creasingly impregnated with salt, andi
only supports tamarisks, reeds, and
other salt-loving plants. The sea is it.
self vast storehouse Of salt, particu-
larly at Jebel Usdum, where there isA
solid mass Of crystallized salt rising
100 feet to 150- feet above the Dead
sea, Of unknown width, and running
for seven miles along the shore.
In considering the possibilities of de-
velopment In the Jordan valley, there
are drawbacks which must not be for
gotten. The whole valley is intensely
malarious-in the lower, hotter parts
all the year round--and blackwater"
fever and oriental sore (the variety
here known as the Jericho boiD are
both common. Even apart from this'
the heat In many parts is excessive
for more than half the year. Both
Tiberias and Jericho are delightful
though somewhat enervatlng-as win
ter resorts, but In both the heat Is too
great to allow Of white men undertak--
ing heavy physical exertion there for
the six or eight hot months, and 1t is
quite unfit for the rearing Of European
children. The only people who SEEM
to stand long residence In the lower
Jordan valley are negroes or half
negroes (many of the Bedouins here
have negro admixture), and prob
ably 1t will be necessary to import
negro labor from Africa Il any great
development is to occur here. Those
engaged In supervising and developing
the land over almost the whole OF the
(, Jordan valley should live In mosquito
proof huts, and their families should
live on higher ground. 1000 feet or
more up In the mountains. 1t should
be quite possible to run an electric
tranway-with power generated from
the Jordan-from the Haifa-DanAscus
railway station at Els Semakh, at the
southern end Of the Lake Of Galilee,