davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-04-25

at the statement of the clerk con-
corning her call, but after Joan in
her simple, earnest way, had told
her own story, the old soldiers
heart was touched and he swore
by all the saints he could remem-
Der the names of, that he would
stand by the maid, conduct her to
the king, and fight by her side till
the last of the ruthless invaders
were driven from the sacred soil
of France, ''all in Gods name, by
the sword of St. Michael and the
tears of Our Lady," Later the
war came near Domremy and the
defenseless villagers fled to the
woods and beyond the Meuse while
their homes were looted; and then
a battle was fought not far away,
and some of the wounded defend
ers with painful step came to the
village and no heart felt deeper
pity than Joan's and no hands
more willingly or skillfully minis
tered to the suffering and by a
sort of common consent, she be.
came the leader in Domremy's
work of love and mercy.
Soon there began to spread
abroad the fame of the wonderful
peasant girl of Domremy and
stories of her visions ard her good
ness and her beauty multiplied.
More and more the people dwelt
upon the prophecy of the Ancient
Merlin. The share of the late
queens profigacy in the troubles
of France, enlarged with each re-
cital and naturally added wings to
the marvel stories of the gentle
maid of Lorraine, to whom there
came visions and voices telling her
to lead the armies of France
against the hated invaders.
And then Gin April, 1929, after
peeping in the encyclopedia, came
the great seige of the city of Or
leans, and it's loss seemed to threat
en- the final and irretrievable
breakdown of the French efforts
in resistance to the invaders; the
French army shut up in Orleans
seemed the very last hope of the
nation.
Joan of Arc, in the little village
of Domremy, was eighteen. Her
great heart throbbed for the suf-
ferings of her beloved France.
The voices in the twilight almost
imperious in their demand to "go,
60, helpers will arise and 60 with
you. Go, seemed to awaken
echoes far and near in the voices
of the people, urging her obedience
to that which in their hope was a
call divine. Paternal solicitude,
the love of home and every wo-
manly impulse that preferred its
peaceful life, at last yielded to the
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-04-25
THE MAID OF ORLEANS
Summary of the Story of the Life of Joan of Arc, the
Peasant Girl Who Saved France
Bu O.. in The FelopR
By Ed. O. Peets, in The Odd Fsllow Reuiew

Jul = oAu OUuOAC OAOuSho OAoOi~A
misery through the struggling CEN
turies following the fall of the civ
ilization of Greece and Rome.
France had suffered indeed in
the years when these children were
playing merrily in Domremy.
Paris and much of Northern France
and even Lorraine, where Dom
remy lay, were not under control
of the French monarch.
To tell even briefly the story OF
the many-sided struggles for the
control of France rival claims
of kings, the treachery of princes
and the ambitions of regents
would exceed our permitted space
and drive the writer to histories or
encyclopedias, to which the gentle
reader can doubtless 90 quite as
easily himself. At the time, Lor-
raine and little Domremy and
much of Northern France were un.
der the domination of an invading
host whose king actually held court
in the city of Paris.
Back in the little village of
Domremy, the gentle child who
loved the twilight under the apple
tree, could not read or write;
neither could her father or mother
nor could another soul in the vii
lage except the clerk and the
priest in charge of the little
old St. Remi church. Among
the people there were no papers
and no books; and yet somehow,
news of the French failures and
defeats and of the domination and
arrogance of the invaders found it's
way everywhere and rested heavily
upon the hearts of the people loyal
to La Belle France and her unhap-
py monarch.
The earnest Joan went often to
the clerk and the kindly old priest
with many and many a question
and in time her information was
the sum of that possessed by the
other two.
And after a time she began to
tell her father and mother and
then the priest and the clerk, of
the voices that came to her in the
twilight, and later of visions
dimly shown against the wall of
the little church-the visions of an
angel woman and St. Michael
holding out invitingly toward her
a knightly sword.
Centuries before there had ap.
peared legendary prophecy as
cribed to an old Merlin and saying
that France would be lost
through woman and then re-
stored by a maid of Lorraine.
And Joan began to feel that the
intent of the voices and the mean
ing of the visions were that she
should don the armor of knight
hood and with the sheathed sword
gather the men of France, lead
the king to Rheims to be crowned;
drive the invaders from the land
and restore the king to his throne
in Paris, again the monarch of
united France.
France had been lost through
the profigacy of the queen of
Charles vi; was it to be regained
by the maid Joan dare of Lor-
raine?
Then the voices became to her
stronger, almost vehement; they
seemed to say repeatedly, Go, 60,
Child of God; l will be your help
er. Co."
Nobody doubted Joan. Father,
mother, priest and clerk no less
than all the rest of Domremy
never doubted that Joan heard
and saw as she herself believed
and marvelled.
Finally the clerk of the village
felt constrained to lead the peasant
girl to the district captain in
the neighboring town, who laughed
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-04-25
N THE century of Colum


NSkNH years before his first
l&-AI voyage, a French peas
ant-farmer bearing the name of
D'Arc or Dare, was plowing in a
field in Domremy, a little village
in Lorraine, his daughter Joan or
Jeanne helping by directing the
steps of his slow-moving oxen.
As the day was waning, the
farmer unyoked his patient team
and they followed him to the steep
gabled barn of turf and roof of
thatch; while Joan hurried toward
the humble home built against the
high wall of the little church yard
of St. Remi, to help the mother
with the evening meal.
As she passed the children play
ing under the great trees on the
bank of the gently flowing Meuse,
they called to her to come and
dance with them and tell them
fairy stories; but she only smiled
and kept her pace, and the sheep,
as she passed them in her path,
did not move but looked at her
with welcoming eyes. Placing a
hand upon the top stone of the
low wall at the rear, she nimbly
leaped into the little orchard yard
of her home and was soon under
an old apple tree, perhaps dozen
PAGES from the side of the church
against which its branches we're
reproduced in silhouette by the set
ting sun.
Here she paused and for a few
moments her eyes wandered over
the slowly changing shadows on
the church wall; then the tense at
titude of the 1.-the figure and the
uplifted eyes proclaimed the pass
ing of deep emotion as with face
still turned upward, she walked
slowly, even reluctantly. toward the
open door of the little home. Be-
fore the twilight had quite sue
cumbed to the darkness of night,
the maid was again under the old
apple tree and again with upturned
gaze and tense expression she
seemed to see or hear something in
the darkening skys not seen by
other eyes nor heard by other
ears.
By her companions in the vii
lage Joan and long been accounted
somewhat strange. She would Of
ten enter heartily into the childish
games under the great trees of the
river bank, but she was at times
whimsical and with quaint imagin-
ings would tell gentle stories of
fairies and at times would leave
them abruptly, most frequently in
the twilight hour, and slowly walk
away to the old apple tree back of
the little house or 60 into the little
church and perhaps remain for a
considerable time.
All the village, young and old,
loved Joan and with one accord
accounted her oddities to her
credit. They were held as a sign
or token, not of any lack, but
rather of gifts or endowments
crowping her as one especially fa-
vored of heaven.
Though the children played mer.
rily in Domremy in those summer
days five hundred years ago, yet
were they unhappy days for Lor-
raine and France, for suffering and
sorrow were all but the constant
portion of nearly all European
peoples.
The feudal system that had
ground the face of the poor during
the dark ages when nothing -four
ished in all Europe except the
church and the robber barons,
was more and more developing ex-
tended monarchies through the
ruthless aggressions of the strong
or warning houses. Bourbon, Va
lois, Plantagenet, Stuart, Savoy,
The mirror. (Stillwater, Minn.) 1894-1925, 1918-04-25
lTllN NERE is the story of wan
HN pum," the first money to
KN be used in the United
9lll Statos IT. cons;stod of

Ul4SXSklu w OOON III uuO OulCCO
gggy States. 1t consisted OF
clam shells, little tubes made out
of clay, beads and the like. All
these the Indians called by the
general name of wampum, and
when the white man set foot upon
these shores he found the wampum
convenient for his use, not only
in trading with the Indians but
with other whites. The Indian
name was sewan, but the European
immigrants gave this legal tender
the name of wampum. by which it
has been known ever since.
Wampum was not entirely de-
void of intrinsic value. Most of
the shells from which it was made
were rare. These we're made large
ly into beads, highly polished and
strung on strings. Chiefs, sachems,
and medicine men wore great
strings of these beads on ceremoni-
GUS occasions. Every treaty was
corroborated by laying down belts
of beads. friendships we're ce-
mented and alliances and marriages
we're always solemnized with an
exchange of wampum.
Wampum was chiefly of two
kinds, white and dark purple. The
white was made from the edge of
the clam shells and the purple
made from the shells heart, and
was worth double the white. Con
siderable labor cost went into the
cost of wampum, for a writer in
the year TIA tells us: ''All wam-
pun is made of shells which are
found on the cost of Carolina,
which are very large and hard, so
they are very difficult to cut" He
adds that some English smiths
have tried to drill this sort of she'll
money and thereby thought to get
advantage, but it proved so hard
that nothing could be gained"
When an Indian was buried,
strings of wampum were always
placed in the grave with him for
convenience in purchasing the nee.
essary supplies in the next world,
and for use as tips to various
minor Indian dieties, who the In
dians believed were as greedy as
modern head walters.
In 164l the use of wampum was
legalized by the common council
of New Amsterdam, now New
York. This was next followed by
an epidemic of counterfeiting,
which caused great deal of diff
Guilty and led to the rapid deprecia-
tion of wampum as a medium of
exchange. Old Peter Stuyvesant
pegged around on his wooden leg
and did his best to solve the prob
lem by declaring unstrung wam-
pun no longer to be legal tender.
This was going to the opposite
extr eme. and the little Dutch COL
ony came near a financial panic.
Six months later loose and imper-
feet wampum had to be declared
legal tender.
In Massachusetts, wampum be-
came legal tender in 1640, but
twenty -one years later the coin
ing Of silver was authorized, and
this more stable medium soon
drove wampum beads out of circu-
lation.
After the Revolutionary war
money was so scarce that wampum
came into use again. 1t persisted
here and there as money until the
nineteenth century. and, indeed,
wampum in various forms, includ-
ing pipes and moons, were consid-
erably used in the United States
until as late as 1880.
The financial requirements of the
Revolutionary war resulted in the
establishing of Americas first
banks. The initial undertaking
was the Bank of Pennsylvania,
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1918-08-29

many difficulties as any respectable
task has right to oiSar.
In the first place, the earliest trans
ation was made by more than thirty
people working Independently. Despite
it's inaccuracy and Inconsistency it
was extremely popular among the ma
tives; it even shaped Zulu thought so
completely that every paragraph of
the Zulu newspaper teens with Bible
vocabulary. But it was inaccurate.
Many of the mistakes were, of course,
extremely amusing. The translators
found to their surprise that instead of
crossing the Red sea and the Jordan
dry shod, the children of Israel went
over thirsty. And literal transla-
ton of the promise that enemies should
melt away before them, was discovered
to mean in Zulu idiom tn their en-
emies should be as happy as men full
of beer.
In 1901 a new translation was be-
gun. There was still many difficult
ties. How were the translators for
instance, to describe as in Isaiah 3,
1924 the entire wardrobe of a Jewess
at the height of the nations civiliza-
ton To the Zulu debutante who in the
heaviest winter season wears little
more than string of scarlet beads?
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1918-08-29
How Firms Keep Warm.

In many ways the Firms are a very
queer people, as is illustrated by the
Christian Herald.
1t is during the terribly cold months
that the Films revel in the mighty
ovens that fill one corner Of every
kitchen and often loom up large and
vastly impressive in the other rooms
of Finn home as well. The tops OF
these monster stoves are perfectly fiat.
and steps lead up on one side.
When the weather becomes bitterly
cold and bleak, the entire family will
take quilts and pillows and, mounting
to the top Of the big heater, spread
down their bedding and sleep very
comfortably and contentedly on the
hard. hot bricks until morning.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1918-08-29
IEART OF BRITISH EMPIRE
Coed Reasons Why Trafalgar Square,
in London, Has Been Given
That AppeIlation.

Trafalgar square has been called the
heart of the British empire, the most
truly English spot in London. 1t is
not of Leicester square or of Picca-
dilly that London Tommy dreams, but
of Trafalgar square, with the statue
of Nelson in the center. The statue
on the slender column is England's
best-loved hero. The figure Of Nelson,
three times the natural size. is reared
145 feet In the air, with Landseer's
four lions of bronze at the base.
Many of the most important build
ings of the city are grouped around
the square. The National gallery, with
It's art collection, faces the Nelson col
umn. The collection was begun in
1924 and is one of the finest in the
world. In the upper part of the square
is the church of st. Martins-in-the-
Field, where Nell Gwyn lies buried.
This last bit of information is apt to
interest the visitor more than the fact
that Bacon was christened eat the
church's altar
The column stands at the crossing of
some of the most famous streets in
London. Charles the First walked
down Whitehall to his execution. The
Strand, branching from the square, is
the main artery of the city as well as
the favorite meeting place Of the peo-
pie. Busting, noisy, crowded, fond
ly believed by Londoners to be broad,
it is the busiest street in the empire.
The principal shops and many of the
hotels are on this street.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1918-08-29
MUSTKEEP ON MAKING GOOD
Things Cannot Afford to Rest on
Their Laurels.

"We were talking about q young man
here in New York. Said one: I'll tell
you why that chap is such wonder.
The minute he winds up one big job
he goes after another. He wastes no
time patting himself on the back for
past achievements. When he finishes
putting something over he turns
around and says in regard to his own
perfOrmance.-'Oh that wasn't much.
I have got to beat that. Now I must
get to work and really do something.1
Then he pitches into fresh job as II
lie had never accomplished thing in
his life.
SIN other words, you have not only
got TO do good work, but you have got
to repeat and keep on repeating If you
want the world to continue to respect
you.
''Tlle other day famous author was
telling me how he felt when his first
story was accepted. He said that with
in few minutes the thought flashed
through his mind that he could not
stop-but must go on. One good story
must be followed by another and an
other and anOther-else his reputation
would die and he would be Inundated.
lie said that the feeling was not exact
ly CONFERENCE.-The the prospect was
in way terrible. Being successful
he said, is not easy. The successful
man advertises to the world that he
can do certain things well--and he
nust go on making good or back OIL
the map. It's a great sensation, q
great experience-worth almost any
thing-but it isn't snap
eft is the same way in business. The
salesman who sets high mark has to
go right out and beat that mark or suf-
fer by comparison with his own record
He can't sit down in a rocking chair
and devote the rest of his life to re-
ceiving congratulations.
"Have you ever sat in a restaurant
and compared your job with that of a
waiter. Try it sometime. No matter
what your work is am sure you will
see the point if you watch the waiter
and think how exactly his work typi-
fies yours. Take, for example, my job
that of an editor. An EDITORS job is
exactly like that of a waiter. He has
to go and get something good and
bring it in. And after he has brought
II In ne has to go right out and get
something more and bring that in. The
minute he sits down or stops to talk
unnecessarily with the guests. he
ceases to give as good service as be-
fore. Then the guests who praised him
moment ago begin to gr0wl And so,
almost Immediately, he has turned
from good servant into a poor one.
"This fits any line of human activity.
A continuous performance is what IS
wanted. Nothing else counts. Sid In
American Magazine.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1918-08-29
On the Channel Patrol.

'sThe weather round about here has
been too damnable for words lately,
and life ON patrol boat has been no
cinch Came down harbor yesterday
in a regular blizzard-cculd barely see
fifty yards ahead at times, about three
inches of snow all over the ship-freez-
ing like the devil There's an Internal
no'westernly wind blowing, and this
packet rolls about like a sick-head-
ache. It's no joke monkeying about in
a tiny craft of this size, hunting tin
fishes In daylight it's bad enough
but at night it's extremely dangerous,
as one can't see the seas and ones
liable to half swamp ones self in turn
ing. And as far as any comfort below
goes, there isn't any. Everything Il
damp and cold, and the steward loses
the greater. part of your food in bring
ing it to you, and what you finally re-
ceive is a cold unpalatable mess. Yet
by Heaven! it's something to be out
here having a chance to bag a bally
German swine"-Atlantic Magazine.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1918-08-29
Learn Something Every Day.

In their antipathy to England and to
everything nglish or supposedly Eng
fish, the Germans have apparently I'M
dertaken to eliminate from the spoken
and written Teutonic language Of the
day all words of known or suspected
English origin. There comes at first
hand this episode reported by Prof. +.
Seton Delmer, who was instructor OF
English in the University of Berlin
when the war broke out and who, from
that time until May % of this year was
either a civil or an interned prisoner
Wishing to make him uncomfortable
at police station one day a porter
frau. who knew his nationality, rebuked
her departing companion for using the
word adieu. Zach was" she called
after her, "adieu sagt man NIGHT mehr.
Das list Englisch.'
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1918-08-29
Kit Rations for Officers.

Those German demigOds, the officers
af the army, are now on clothing ra-
tons like ordinary mortals. They will
henceforth only be able to secure new
uniforms on clothing cards. The new
regulation prescribes just how extern
sive a wardrobe an officer may have,
and he will not be permitted to array
himself in excess of its limitations.
The only special concession to officers
is that they are not required, as civil
ians are, to declare how much cloth
ing they already possess.
Hence His Wall.
s'yyhy so unhappy, my man?"
"I've just been caught embezzling
funds Of the company"
"Well, cheer up. Now that you have
confessed perhaps they won't prose-
cute YOU
"Oh, it isn't that. I've paid back the
money and they've agreed not to send
me to JAIL"
"Then why so dismal now?"
"They won't let me keep my Job, too,
and it was such soft snap. "--RehO~
both Sunday Herald.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1918-08-29
HARD TO TRANSLATE BIBLE
Considerable Amount of Ingenuity Re-
quired to Make Words Fit Saw
age knowledge.

How much do you suppose an Es-
kimo knows about an olive? Or a
Hottentot about cherubim? Or a cam
nibal about the Holy Ghost?
That's why the men and women who
translate the Bible into pagan lam
guages have to use q greater amount
Of ingenuity and imagination than
anything else, observes a writer in the
World Outlook.
1t must have been a very pleasant
person who finally suggested to the
mingled relief and amusement of the
tired workers. that "the lamb of Cod
might just as we'll be translated the
little seal of God,'' in the Eskimo Bible.
Eskimo children have the same ten
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1918-08-29


derness toward the funny little things
with their mournful eyes and soft fur
that otLer children have toward baby
sheep.
The Eskimo Bible was one of the
most difficult to translate, and has just
been finished after $50 years of work.
of course, to half frozen, fur-clad
people, living in igloos-or is it har-
poems ?-and surrounded by polar bears
and walruses, it is next to impossible
to translate the story of the bright
colored, sun-drenched holy land. The
language Of a northern people is nee
essarily lacking in dozens Of words
and phrases, and, too often, even
ideas.
But Bible translating is like Greek
grammar-there's an exception to
every rule. The Zulus live in coun
try as warm and tropical as the holy
land on the pleasantest of days, but
the Zulu Bible has offered about as
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1918-08-29
Women Paw on the Dot.

The purchasing power of the British
Isles has passed into the hands Of
women to an unprecedented extent as
a result of the European war. One re-
suit of this change in conditions, lanG
lords say, is that they are receiving
their rent more regularly.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1918-08-29

The seeds of parsley should be
soaked for a few hours before plant
ing to insure termination. They are
slow in terminating and should be
handled very carefully. After one or
two transplantings they should be set
in the open ground in rows II to 10
inches apart and to A inches apart
in the rows as early as the soil can be
put in condition. A small area devoted
to this crop will be sufficient for the
average family.
1t is used as garnishing and for
flavoring soups. Keep a little OF it
growing at all times. 1t gives a pleas
ing touch to many dainty Dishes
O.. S. Department Of Agriculture.
HEART OF BRITISH EMPIRE
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1918-08-29

The culture and uses of cOllards are
the same as for cabbage. The plants
should be started in very early spring
and set out as soon as the ground is
in condition. They Withstand the heat
better than cabbage and are much
used in the southern portion of the
country. Collards do not form a true
head, but instead loose rosette of
leaves, which, when blanched, are
very tender and of delicate flavor.
No southern garden is complete
without this plant. Too often, how
ever, it has constituted the sum total
in the shape of garden supplies Use
it, but don't abuse it.-U. S, Depart
ment of Agriculture.