davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hartford herald. [volume] (Hartford, Ky.) 1875-1926, 1918-05-15
WHY FARMERS MUST BUY
Besides Being Patriotic, Their Invest.
ment Provides Nation With
Shipping Facilities.

Some farmers may not understand
Just what is the significance of ship
brilding to them. They fail to see
how they are to be benefited when the
mensy they lend the government by
purchasing Liberty Bonds il spent for
ships that sail the seas they never
have seen.
Ships today are carrying our farm
products to Europe. II there are no
ships the farmers goods never would
reach the market. II German U-boa,s
were dynamiting freight cars instead
OF ships the farmers crops would not
even reach the Chicago and Kansas
City markets. We must have ships to
get our produce to market. Bonds will
help build them.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
TO BUILD $500 HOUSES.
Admiral Bowles Says No More
Will be Communicated
in Philadelphia.

Phlndelphia April p The Fmerg-
enry Fleet Corporation will not com
mandeer any more dwelling houses for its
wnrkmen in Philadelphia, the 500 houses
taken yesterday being sufficient for present
pressing needs said Rear Admiral Bowlcs
assistant general manager Of the fleet
corporation yesterday
The corporation needs 2 900 additional
houses for It's men but the admiral said
arrangements will tie made with private
contractors for the quick construction of
these
The American international Shipbuild-
ing Corporation. which operates the Hog
Island shipyard has transferred the last
of its force of men and women clerks from
temporary quarters 1t the plant Of the
New York Shipbmlding Corporation IN
Camden, n ] % Hog Island All are
under one roof now
The quarters FIRST occupied by the cor
poration in Philadelphia have been taken
by Charles VI. schwab for his force of
1000 Emergency Fleet Corporation EN-
ployes
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
EXPORTS INCREASE
ABOUT So MILLIONS
Allies During March Consumed
Meat and Dairy Products Valued
at $118,so2,226.

Washington, April 25.-~America' con-
tributions OF food to the civilian popu-
latlons of the Allies increased enOr~
mously during March. Statistics for the
month, made public yesterday by the
bureau of foreign and domestic commerce,
showed exports of meat and dairy prod
ucts amounted 20 Sill .s02 226, as com
pared with ft2 ,95t, i27 in February, rep
rcsenting gain OF s6S .pii 900, and
brcadstuifs sent abroad were worth
s65, ,295, 279, which was s 000, 900 more
than the preceding month.
It was in March that the food ad
ministration decided to aak greater
sacrifices from the people at home to
relieve distress overseas.
Exports OF cotton and mineral niis
decreased during the month. probably
to permit the greater shipment of food
stufIs In the nine months ended March
3 total Of 3,14i sol bales Of cotton
Ind been sent abroad compared with
5053 SSl bales in the same period last
year Shipments Of mineral oil IN the
same periods were ,9S5 300 200 gallons
and 1868 $50, 2Gg gallons. respectively
In nine months ~ pSi fg2 pounds al
cottonseed oil have been exported. less
than onc-halt Of the 102.0l7 2gs pounds
exported IN the first nine months Of the
last fiscal year
Nine months exports Of breadstuffs the
year have been worth sii7 bi0 3S5
The value last year was 1884 So $50
Shipments Of meat and dairy products
in nine months have totaled S3Sb, $50. III
compared with S273. .ll30 0S3 last year
Creation of a board OF grain standards
tn be made up Of members from each Of
the grain-growing States to perform the
gram grading duties now exercised by
the Department If Agriculture VAS
urged Yesterday before the House Ag-
rculturc Committee by II \ Owen
OF Minneapolis, editor of farm Jour
nal MIR owen told the committee
the interests Of the producers we're ig-
norcd and that farmers objected to hav
ing swivel char selentlsta. llx the grades
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
GERMANY GIVES CONSENT TO
SWISS TO OBTAIN GRAIN

Berne, Switzerland, April 25.-The
German government has informed the
Swiss government that ships loaded with
cereals for Switzerland, even though
flying the enemy flag, will have the right
Of free passage They must, however,
fly the Swiss flag beside the national
flag of the vessel and have the Swiss
colors painted on the hull.
The American government will consent
10 the flying Of the Swiss flag beside that
of the United States on the grain ships,
il is uderstood.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
TO NAME LABOR DIRECTOR,
President Soon viii Pick Man 20 Direct
Workers Affairs.

Washington, April 25.-President VIII
son viii soon name a national labor ad-
ministrator to have charge Of all labor
problems involved IN the production Of
war supplies. Dutiessnow performed by
various labor bureaus IN the government
departments viii be co-ordinated by the
new officer.
The plan Is a part Of the general pro
gram for centralizing labor control as con
templated in the reorganization the De
partment of Labor Is now undergoing
The labor administrator viii assume some
Of the work now done by the Department
Of Labor and work in cooperation with
the labor board headed by former Presi-
cent Taft and Frank p. Walsh, named
recently 70 settle labor controyersles.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
BILLY" SUNDAY IN SUIT.
Author Alleges Evangelist Broke Con-
tract and Asks SI00 900 Damages.

New York, April 25-Hugh {. Wier
of New Rochelle, yesterday brought SUIT
against Evangelist Billy Sunday for
100000, alleging breach OF contract,
asserting he contracted with Sunday
to write series of books for him
Sundays book. Great Love Stories
of the Bible, = was written by him, Wier
alleges IN his SUIT. and was the first OF
{ series which were planned Others
were TO have been Great Sinners Of the
Bible, Great Hypocrites Of the Bible
and Great Mothers Of the Bible"
Wier also claims he was to have writ
ten Billy Sundays Own Story an
autobiography,
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
WILSON OPPOSES WAR ON
TURKEY AND BULGARIA

astihRVoh, AprH Z5.-Detlnite oppo-
sutton " q declaration Of war on Bulgaria
ana urkey ,.,., at TINS time was indicated by
FIesideht " lison yc7tel day at a conference
WITH senator hlng q Ctah, who recently
uIfoduced resolution calling for war
senator hing sought the Presidents 5
siews ~ q result Of the debate in the
senate yesterday on resolution by Sena-
ot bIanaegee' asking the Senate Foreign
Aeiallons committee Tor immediate ac-
aOn on the King resolution.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
SHIPYARDS GET RELIEF.
Granted Permission to Build Docks on
Delaware Beyond Legal Limits.

Harrisburg Pa, April 25 Federal
and State officials who have been con
ferring about shipbuilding on the Del
aware river have reached an agreement
whereby two shipbuilding plants at Bris-
toI, the American and Merchants, NAV
proceed with construction Of docks and
other works beyond what have been es-
tablshed as the legal limits 1t was found
that the work has been extended TO low
water mark, which transgresses the State
law unless PERMISSION is given by the
commissioners of navigation
The attorney-general's department, act
ing for the commission, took up the matter
with the authorities at Washington, who
decided that Pennsylvania rights had been
Interfered with and urged prompt action
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
Wife Wou Idn't Eat; Ends Life.

Lancaster, Pa, April 25--Maris d
kendig, an Armstrong linoleum plant
ago because his wife refused to eat supper.
She told him she was Ill and did not want
would never eat a meal without her
Later his body was found hanging TO a
bedpOst In bis room.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
NOTIFIES BROTHER or DEATH
After Giving Him Her Win She Hastens
Home and Ends Life

Chambersburg, April 25-Ae trr
brother Benton went by on the trolley ~
of which be X conductor, Mise anne
Myers, of Fayetteville, handed him 2
paper and SAID she likely never would
sreak N him again On reading the note
and finding il - 10 her wii he hurried
back home Arriving AZ the house he
found her hanging by clofheshne from
the attic raftors, almost dead She ans
gwen attention and lived until midnight
when she died
She was - years old and had been I'D
a long time
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
TWO 4. S. AvIAToRs KILLED.
Lieutenant and Cadet in Machine Which
Burst Into Flames.

Wichita Falls. Texas, April 25
Second Lieutenant stephen K Warner,
flying instructor Of Maplcwood, y D.
and Cadet Edwin ID. Crycr, Of Ale
ghcny county, Pa, were killed two mics
east Of Cali Field near here ycsterdly
when their plane, flying fifty feet above
ground, suddenly burst INTO flames and
fell. Both bodies were badly burned
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
Cattle Owners Warned by State.

Harrisburg, April % As a result Of
reports of cattle being killed Thcn fed
waste products 0f various factories
through exccss of salt fermentation Of
cnsilage and other causes the state
Department ~ Agriculture has lssled q
warning 20 cattle owners 70 be sure
that food Is wholesome. Analyses 0f
fccds which killed cattle have shown
hitherto unknown conditions
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
ASSOCIATED PRESS ELECTS.
Rcnsmes Old Officers; Melville T.. Stone.
Of Course. Remains Manager.

New York, April 24.-All officer of Tho
Associated Press we're reelected yesterday
by the board OF directors, M follows:
President, Frank b. Noyes, Washing
ton Star; first vice-president, Ralph II.
Booth, Muskegon Chronicle; second vice
president, f. p. Adler, Davenport Times /;
secretary, Melville r. Stone, New York
City; assistant secretary, Frederick Roy
Martin, New York City; treasurer, j. D..
Youatt, New York City.
The offices of secretary and assistant
secretary carry with them those of gem
eral manager and assistant general man
agcr respectively.
The association Tuesday voted $25 900
in Liberty Bonds to Mr. Stone as token
of appreciation of his % years services
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
PLoTTER'S BOMB SANK SHIP.
Dynamite on American Steamer. Timed
TO Explode al Port, Goes OF Pre-
rnafurelY

Paris, Tuesday, April % The blowing
up Of the American steamship Florence
II. off the coast Of Brittany, is believed
to have been due, says the Radio Agency,
TO d bomb placed on board before she left
the United States, so timed 10 explode
when the vessel reached port Owing to
bomb exploded prematurely.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
Maior Thaw &c Sc Aireraft.

Paris, April 25.--Major William Thaw,
commanding he Lafayette FLYING Corps,
now Is counted among the aces IN ava
tion ID France, having brought down bis
fifth adversary and q captive balloon on
the same day
Major Thaw within he past month has
accounted for three opponents IN aerial
encounters
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
n. X. SHOPMEN BUY BONDS.
Good Percentages arc Shown by Pennsyl
vania Railroad Employees.

Pennsylvania Railroad men arc doing
their bit for the Liberty Loan; the total
for the Delaware and Maryland divisions
to date being 1926, 400, held by 1900
employees. This makes the proportion
of slightly over one-third Of the men rs
holders Of the loan
The pipe, tin, and upholstery shops
OF the Edge Moor plant have a 100 per
cent record for bond holdings.
There are in oil $4,000 worth Of the
bonds taken by the 2, 100 employees Of
this plant, $4,000 of the amount being
taken by the engine-house men.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
OPPOSE WORK CoNSCRIPTIoN.
Irish Women Give Pledge Not 10 Take
Mems Jobs

Dublin, Ireland, April 24-At a labor
meeting Tuesday at Athlonc, it was
resolved to oppose industrial conscriptlon
as well as military conscription
Women workers pledged themselves to
undertake no work previously done by
men.
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
Returned From New YORK.

Mrs " + Bianng and son, William.
Of the WaycFly Apartments, have returned
home after spending q few days with
relatives IN NeA York city
Every evening, Wilmington daily commercial., 1918-04-25
DRINK
HABIT
RELIABLE HOME TREATMENT.

Thousands Of wives, mothers and SIS
ters are enthusiastic in their praise of
Orrine, because it has relieved their owed
ones of the Drink Habit" Can
be gwen secretly. Guaranteed.
Orrine No. j secret treatment, Orrine No. 2
voluntary treatment. Costs only 81 box
Ask us for booklet. Orrine Co, Wash
ington, ID c. For sale by n b. Danforth,
Market aud Second streets, Wilmington
Evening star., 1918-05-19

which were valued at more than $12.-
100000. These came from Europe, and
chiefly from Germany.
AS to our own production of nj
trates we were then producing in the
neighborhood of 100000 tons in the
shape of ammonium sulphate. This
came from the by-product coke ovens
which recently have been established
in connection with our largest blast
furnaces and from our gas works that
make coke. We got also consider
able amount from the tankage and
other products of our slaughter
houses, and. in addition. many thou
sands of tons in the shape of fish
scrap and cottonseed meal. Nearly
a,l of this went into fertilizer of one
kind or another. Indeed. the amount
we spend. for the nitrogen we use on
our farms, taking all the products
into consideration. is said to be about
S75,000.000 per year. and we might
spend much more at profit.
1t is estimated that one pound Of
nitrogen properly applied to the soil
will increase the yield of wheat by
one-third. 1t is one Of the most i'm
Evening star., 1918-05-19

ficient. and we shall need all we can
make for some time in the future.
have travelled through the Chilean
nitrate fields and have watched them
taking out the salts and loading them
on ships to be sent to our country.
The nitrates come from the great
desert which lies between the Pacific
ocean and the Andes mountains. The
country there is as barren as the Sa-
hara. 1t has not a blade of grass or
any green thing. and in parts Of it
you would have to go 100 miles for a
drink. 1t is all rock. stone and sand.
with here and there beds of salty
particles that reflect the rays OF the
sun. inf1aming the eyes. 1t is this
salt when extracted that forms the
nitrates of commerce. There are great
beds of it in the desert. They run
north and south for a distance of
about 400 miles. beginning below An
tofagasta, from which most of the nj
trate is shipped. and extending be-
yond the port of 1quique. which is not
far from Peru. Both ports are in
Chile. The belt in which the nitrate
deposits lie is confined to that coun-
Evening star., 1918-05-19

try. 1t is from twenty to 100 miles
back from the coast. and 1t Is seldom
more than ten miles In width.
Nevertheless. that strip OF desert
strips of land upon earth. Within the
past generation it has paid Chile in
export duties alone several hundred
million dollars in gold. ana To-Day II
brings in about four-hfths OF all the
government expenses, and also yields
fortunes to the men who are working
it. The bulk of the exports are> con-
trolled by American and British cap
italists. Before the war began we
were taking about one-fifth OF the
were more than 100000 tons. Our
nitrates are loaded at AntofaGasta.
from where they come northward
about 2.400 miles to the Panama
canal and thence to the United States
ports When shipped the nitrate of
soda looks Just like dirty white salt.
1t is put up in bags of 200 pounds
each and is carried out to the steam
srs in lighters.
1t is interesting to watch them
mine nitrates. The salts are not
evenly distributed. They lie in
pockets. and there is a single bed
that covers an area of 100 square
miles. The stuff is mixed with other
rock, and the best of the deposits
contain only from 40 to so per cent
of pure nitrate. AS a general thing
the nitrate lies close to the surface.
with little sand or salt rock above
it. 1t is gotten out by putting a hole
down through this sand and salt rock
and on through the nitrate rock to
the soft earth beneath. This hole is
now charged with powder and the
Dlr ,1au fa1 nrYf
made on the spot from the same
material as that found in the hole.
After the rock has been taken out
it is broken into Jumps, crushed by
machinery and boiled in great tanks
of water. In this boiling the salts
go into the water and turn 1t to a
thick. lemonlike sirup. The water is
now taken off by evaporation and the
nitrates allowed to settle. They are
then dried and ready for shipment to
us at prices as high as the traffic
will bear.
And now as to the source of these
Chilean nitrates. The, nitrogen we
shall make for the future is to come
from the air. The nitrates from Chile
are supposed to have come from the
bed of an inland sea which once COW
cred this part of the desert. There is
nitrogen in seaweed, and some believe
that the nitrates came from it when
it decayed. Another theory is that
they are the salts of the ammonia
which rose from the vast beds of
guano formed by the birds on the
islands of the west coast, and third
that they were made from the air by
certain electrical discharges in the
Andes mountains which SO combined
with the air as to make nitric acid.
the acid being deposited in these beds
in the form of nitrate of soda.
None of these theories is satisfac-
Evening star., 1918-05-19

portant elements Of the balanced fer
tilizers of today. and 1t is largely due
to 1t that the countries of northern
Europe get so much more out of their
land than we do. BY means of 1t Ger
many has Increased it's average yield
per acre of all crops several times as
much as we have. Indeed. we cannot
get along without nitrates in our
manufacture of fertilizers. and they
are Of an enormous importance to the
food supply of the present.
We need many thousands of tons of
nitrogen for our military explosives.
We need vast quantities in our chemi
cal Industries, and also in the am
monia necessary for our refrigerating
plants of one kind or another. All of
the fresh food that goes across the
water is carried in cold storage cham
bers. which are cooled with ammonia,
and the same is true of the cooling
plants of the meat-packing industry.
In short. we must have hundreds OF
thousands of tons of fixed nitrogen
every year. and at present about half
of all we use comes from abroad and
mostly from Chile. The supply Is de-
Evening star., 1918-05-19
He Wanted to Fight.

IF all erman-born residents. OF
u this country felt the same about
the war as does Andrew p. Larsen of
Olathe. Col, many Of our secret serv-
ice men would be without jobs and
there would be nothing disgraceful
about wearing hyphen.
Larsen used to be a United States
marine, but when he applied for re-
enlistment recently at the Kansas
City recruiting station he was turned
down because he, had been born in
Germany. Larsen has a Marine Corps
discharge with character. excellent,
and he has a good conduct medal He
understood the reason for the strict
barrier against German-born appli-
cants. but he was not +the sort OF pa
duty. They turned me down."
He wanted to be a marine once
So he presented his case by letter.
dated May z. to Maj. Gen. Barnett.
commandant OF the Marine Corps. in
Washington.
Gen. Barnett gave the letter his i'm,
mediate personal attention, verified
the claim Of service with the marines.
decided that Larsen had the right
idea. waived the fact that the ex-ma-
rine was not a fully naturalized citi-
zen Of the United States. and author
days from the date of Larsen's letter.
If Larsen had been born three miles
farther north he would not have come
SO perilously close to losing out with
stances attending his unfortunate
choice of a birthplace are stated in
his letter to Maj. Gen. Barnett:
Il was born in Hoptrup. Germany,
were both born in Denmark. or in
the province Of Slesvig, before 1t was
annexed by Germany in 1864. Hop
trup is just three miles south of the
present Danish border. MY grand
against the Germans in 1913. and my
grandfather on my mothers side
fought against them in 1864. These
statements l can prove by my uncle
H Minden; Neb. who Is an American
the Danish army. 81
at has always been the height OF
my ambition some day to take up
arms against the Germans. but now.
while have the chance, 1t is denied me.
and I am classed as one OF those I
have hated all my life.
II was on foreign service with the
United States marines from July 9,
1914. until June IL. 1917. SO I could
not complete my naturalization until
after the war. while any number Of
Germans in the United States had time
to take out their final papers.
Il was member OF the marine
guard that brought the 321 German
prisoners to Fort Douglas, Utah, from
the German cruiser Cormoran in
Guam. can furnish any amount of
references from American-born cfti-
zens as to my conduct before and
since the war started. My discharge
states no objection to re-enlistment.
Il would like to take my place
among the marines and see active
service. I hope the major general
commandant will consider my case
and let me re-enlist and let me fight
for the only country I would ever care
to live in. have too much OF
the Marine Corps spirit to give up
hope Of fighting with the finest body
Of men that ever carried arms against
a foe whose mailed fist myself have
felt"
Evening star., 1918-05-19
Government Is Taking Explosives From the Skies at Arlington VI

be the cheapest and most practical
of all. is the Haber process-the one
for which We are putting up the
works at Muscle Shoals. Ala. and
the one upon which they are eN-
perimenting in this laboratory at
Arlington. 1t is being used with
great success in Germany and Is the
one from which will probably come
our nitrate supplies of the future.
shall not attempt to describe the
machines here at Arlington nor the
chemical processes through which
the air goes in changing II from
that which We breathe to the nitrates
used in munitions and fertilizer.
r. o. E. Davis, the expert in charge
of the work. I have seen the stun
in the making as far as is possible
on the outside of the complex ma
chinery DR.. Davis has told me how
It is done and there is no doubt but
that he understands 1t. I will say
only that a mixture OF nitrogen taken
from the air and hydrogen from
water is carried through sealed
chambers under a pressure of 5000
pounds to the square inch. During
this time IL is raised by electricity
to a heat Of about 900 degrees Fab
renheit. and passed through a sub
stance which causes the hydrogen
and nitrogen to unite, forming the
ammonia from which we get nitric
acid.
The processes include changes Of
temperature from intense cold to
terrible heat They embrace the use
of electricity. and necessitate ma
chinery so carefully made that the
human mind can hardly comprehend
its exactness. Some of the, most dan
gerous of the gases are confined IN
steel cylinders under a pressure OF
a ton and a half to every square
inch. and a slight flaw in the ma
chinery might blow all to atoms. In
deed, It is believed that the explosion
which wrecked the great munition
plant at Greissheim, Germany. last
year was caused in that way. The
parts are Joined together so that
they At to the one-ten-thousandth OF
an inch. and between them in some
places are thin plates of copper which
act as additional corks.
One-ten-thousandth of an inch!
Have you any idea how small crack
of that size is? Light might pass
through. but you cannot see II where
the metal is Joined. I tried to do so
and failed 1 then asked the skilled
mechanic who grinds out the fine
parts on a lathe to give me an ex-
ample of what these measures mean.
Thereupon he pulled out a hair OF
my head and measured It with lit
tie steel gauge. 1t was aboue one
thousandth of an inch thick. He then
told me that il could split that hair
into twelve equal strands. one Of
them would be not quite as thick as
the space between the cylinders when
Joined. The big machines at Muscle
Shoals are to be made the same way.
/ am told that they can do the work
for which they were planned. and
that with our great water powers
we shall eventually get all the nj
trates we need from the air.
FRANK G. CARPENTER.