The sun., 1918-09-15

Two very simple ingredients are COM
plsed in this elixir or automobile life,
which consists of equal parts Of elbow
grease and fabrication. Properly lubri-
Gated and kept in tune, there is almost
no limit to the useful life of a modern
we'll built motor car. With the GER
tainty that many of us are going to
have to set along with our old cars for
q considerable period, this elixir that
will keep the old boat running smoothly
end, efficiently until we can get new
one is a matter of vital Importance.
IL purpose reviewing the fabrication
needs of the car, with the practical ends
OF where and how often in view.
1T Is necessary in the first place to
warn the car owner TO be doubly vigil
liant now as regards the quality of the
lubricant he uses. II an oil lacking in
certain vital essentials is used in the
mechanical units, its failure to provide
a buffer between the moving parts may
result in injury to the mechanism that
viii be disastrous The question Of
parts replacement has reached a stage
that Is nearly critical, and proper lu-
IRRIGATION is Insurance against the fail
ure OF the different moving parts. The
proper person to decide Just what lu-
beicant should be used in any given car
Is the manufacturer of the vehicle. The
car manufacturers maintain laborato-
RIGS and EXPERIMENTAL departments to
mako positively sure as to just what
lubricant is needed in each part of the
mechanism, and they are in better posi-
tion than any private owner to be sure
IN the matter. So when the car manu-
facturer suggests that such and such
q make OF oil OF such a grade |should
be used. the car owner will do we'll to
follow the directions implicitly.
One mistake that car owners sometimes
rail- into Is the purchase Of a quantity Of
OIL OF unknown lineage. but cheap price,
which the seller assures him Is lust as
good as any of the well known brands
1t may be. but 1t probably is not. There
are number of qualities that lubricat-
ing OIL must possess, IL 1t is TO be eff
ncient In mechanism like the automo-
Ole. where the parts run at high speed
with considerable heat. Such oil must
have requisite viscosity; 1t must be free
from vegetable oils or foreign substances,
1t must have the proper specific gravity.
IT Is impossible for the private owner
to make tests himself. but he can buy a
branded oil with the certainty that they
have been made for him. fabrication is
the worst possible place In which to at
or course, every man who runs a car
realizes that the oil reservoir must be
kept filled to a certain level with cylinder
oil. II this is not done such parts as
bearings. pistons, &c, will run dry and
purn. But there are other parts, such as
the transmission. rear axle gears, uni
versals, &c. which operate at high speed
and consequently need copious lubrica-
tion at all times, but which are often
neglected. Moreover, there are many
other parts OF the mechanism where the
movement Is not so rapid. but where
friction, nevertheless, exists and where
there must be lubricant IL excessive wear
Is to be obviated. For instance. there Is
the steering system; there Is constant
movement throughout this system, even
on the smoothest road. 1t Is not violent
movement, but unless adequate lubrica-
ton is secured there will be excessive
wear.
Another very common mistake In lu-
IRRIGATION methods made by the average
car owner is the continued pouring in of
fresh lubricant on top Of oil already long
used. In other words, the level is sim
ply brought up to the proper point. the
lubricant being a mixture OF fresh oil
and dirty. The temperatures in the diff
1erent moving units Of the car range
from 200 to 400 degrees. This in itself
CauseS the formation Of a certain amount
OF sediment in the oil after It has been
used for a while. In addition there is a
certain amount Of wear of the metal
parts, so that a fine metallic powder is
ground of into the oil. Now this oil
filled with heavy sediment has lost much
OF its lubricating quality. 1t is there
fore imperative that periodically the
old oil should be drained out. the reser-
voir should be flushed out and new lubri-
cant be installed.
Also in many engines a certain
amount of water Is formed as one of the
products of combustion. This water
products OF combustion This water force
forces its way down past the piston rings
into the oil pump. Gradually the water
and oil form a mixture. which is simply
an emulsion and not lubricant. This
trouble is more prevalent In winter. but
II Is one more excellent reason for u
periodic cleansing of the oiling system.
Coming down to specific directions the
main oiling system, that In the engine.
ought to be emptied OF its lubricant.
flushed out with kerosene and have fresh