Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1918-07-28
Fourth Anniversary
of War Finds 7wentu
Nations Are huoZued

Sarlans back from twenty-five to
thirty-tve or more miles. The Aus
tro-Hungarian hold on the coast was
badly shaken and thel lost their base
at Berat.
Eastern front-This front collapsed
shortly after the Russian revolution
me Germans entered Riga. captured
the Oesel Island group and proceeded
I" occupy large stretches of Esthonia
Livonia and Lithuania
In Turkey the British have main
tanned their steady pressure in both
MeSopotamia and Palestine. The
greatest achievement of the British in
Turkey, from a combined military and
poiitical viewpoint. was the occupa-
ton of Jerusalem on December last
great feature of the past year and
one Of peculiar interest to the United
states was the fact that American SOL
diers took their place upon the firing
line in France and now hold various
sectors of tho front between the North
sea and the Swiss frontier.
Amcricans have been placed upon
vital parts of the front. which is Il
splendid tribute to their fighting quail
ties. They are helping defend the road
To Paris on the Marine front, and some
OF them have been briEadcd with Aus
trims in the Somme Valley. where the
Germans are expected to begin another
effort TO breaH through to Amicns and
Ahbcvillc
FIRST CLASH BETwEEN
AMERICANS AND HUNS
The first clash between GERMAN and
American troops took place on the
3rd OF last November on the Toul front
since then Americans have been pla ced
upon the following sectors:
i With the British in Flanders and
on the Somme
2 With the French north and south
OF Montdidier Uicardy frono.
j. with the French on the Marine
and in Champagne.
on the heights of the Meuse (near
Ncrdun).
> In French Lorraine
s. In the vosges Mountains upper
Alsacc).
on both The Picardy and Marine
fronts the boys from the u s. A. dis
unguished themselves for their vaIor
In action. and won the praise OF their
commanding generals.
Inere have been no big naval en-
rasements in the past year. although
there are some achievements that stand
out conspicuously for the daring with
which they were accomplished:
J! The blocking OF the German sub
marine bases at Zeebrugge and Os,end
By Brit.sh scamen.
.. The feat OF several Italian sai,ors
IN running the defenses o! the great
Stro-Hungarian naval base at Pola
where drcadnaught was sunk by
torpedocs fred from small motor
boat
B. The splendid achievement OF the
Hin"' can navy in transporting up
ward Of 100000 men TO Europe with
out III" loss OF any American trans
ports on tho eastern voyage
ENEMY STARVATION
BOAST Is pUNCTunED
The Germans have continued their
canpa'G en- Of C-boat frightfulness i'm
Producing fresh atrocities by what an
pcared 10 be an organized series Of
attacks against Red Cross hosni.al
ships. Their boast that they would
win the war by starving England.
France and Italy through the destruc-
ton OF merchantmen has been decisive
~ punctured
In the air the allies now hold alb
solute supremacy. The attacks on Lon
!csS frequent. while on the battle fields
the allied alrmen are masters This
Viii be accentuatcd when the Ameri-
can AR iect arrives a, its full quota
ana German cities viii begin to get a
real taste OF destruction from the
clouds--a form OF warfare" which the
Germans themselves invented.
1t is Impossible to estimate how
many millions have fallen on the field
OF battle since Austria Hungary de-
c!ared war against Serbia on July rs
1914. vcritablc tidal wave of woe
mas swept the world. And as for the
vast sums OF money expended upon
the hehting machinery-the amounts
ANGST surnass comprehension. 1t was
estimated that during the past year
me war cost the allied nations from
$50 100000 to 800. 900 daily. while
II cost the central powers from .4o.-
100000 to s55,00Q,o GOO every day.
haTQShlna al
most heavily in the central empires
Conditions in Austria arising from
famine and general misery entailed By
the conflict are beyond description
Unrest has developed to such an en-
tent that a revolution would not be
surprising. From the standpoint of
food shortage. Germany is not far be-
END and the discomfort in Germany,
especially in the industrial districts,
Is finding expression in ever-occurr!nE
strikes.
KAISER AND JUNKERS
RESPONSIBLE FOR TRAGEDY
Since the beginning OF the world
tragedy revelations have proved time
and again that Germany was actually
responsible, and that the Kaiser and
his Junkers had carefully planned to
sez" the first favorable opportunity
20 let loose the dogs Of war on an un-
suspecting world.
when Archduke Francis Ferdinand
was assassinated by a Serbian at Sara
Jevo, on June rs. 1914. the opportunity
seemed TO have arrived. Through the
Vaccinations of Berlin an ultimatum
was sent from Vienna TO Belgrade
the 23rd OF July containing impossible
conditions Five days later Austria de-
tlared war. On July 81 Germany de-
clared IA state of war" on the ground
mat Russia was mobilizing on the Ger
man and Austrian frontiers. on Au-
gust i Germany declared war against
Russia, but instead of striking in the
east, the Teutonic hordes that had al
ready been mobilized drove westward,
invading Luxembourg. On the follow
ing day Germany sent an ultimatum 10
Belgium demanding a free passage OF
troops. On August Germany declared
war on France, and German troops
crossed the Belgian frontier Then be-
gan Won Kluck's drive on Paris, which
continued with terrific fighting and
gallant resistance by the British,
French and Belgians until the Teutons
had reached positions south Of the
l.