davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-08-21

Nice. clean stock groceries, good Chance
10 get profitable grocery Ia .g"Qd, hAo
growing oil town; niCe town 10 I'VE M
reason for selling other business out oi
town that requires attention. stock ana
fixtures about $500; no trades. GarNln
a. Franklin. Walter, Okh.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-08-21

FOR SALE - A cleaning ana pressing
shop with Hoffman ga ptcsS VIII sen
an or any part Of fixtures, YOU had
better investigate. r. h, Sanderson
Dustin. Okla
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-08-21
ST OL.EEN

One 2.year-old sorrel. bold faced mare
colt. about l3 hands high, weight about
100 pounds, wire cut scar on hind leg
above ankle and scratch on shoulder!
last seen was being led behind covered
wagon going east on &c" avenue sun
of colt and the thief 1901 S Walker
St, Oklahoma city, okla. Phone Wal
nut 1896,
STRAYED-Jersey COW from Wheatand,
Okla, Friday. Notify John Stuhl X.
r No /. Wheatland. okla.
'ItsT-A pdiutor cap with motor meter,
h tween Durlnnd and Classen Blvd
fol reward return to Hotel Lawrence 10
". Grand
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-08-21

800 ACRES land to trade for merchan.
disc One mile from Duke Okla. All
good tliablc land: 225 acres In cultivation
Address Box IL, Hollis Okla.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-08-21

FOR SALE-i7O-acre Improved. three
year lease: 55 acres In cultivation; 1i5
acres grass, new Groom frame house.
crop and seven head OF cattle. ]. III.
Rroknw. Blanchard. Okla.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-08-21

DRUG STORE for sale, southwestern Ok
lahoma, invoice 5000: will discount 20
percent, daily sales SIS F. O.. care Ok
lahoman.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-08-21
LOST AND FOUND

LosT--In the vicinity OF 20i E. Sth, on
Sunday afternoon. a gentlemhn's blll
book containing two $40 bills; finder re.
turn 10 2O4 H. sth or call Walnut 1884
and receive reward,
LosTLBunch OF keys, Please return
20 cashier Lee Huckins
LosT-Cameo brooch. on Seventh St,
between 1900 block and 1900 block, r on
Indiana between Seventh and Eighth.
Finder please call w. 6s37-J; liberal re-
ward.
THE BLAcK leather bag. stolen at 1908
N Broadway last night has valuable
papers: please return
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-08-21

WANTED Partner In New Gnraga,
eastern Oklahoma. Mike Walsh, Wis
ter. Okla.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-08-21
Texas

ARGAIN-Hudspeth County, Texas, Q to
IL sections. 81 acre; bonus. VIM. Lang
ford. HOmse. N NJ
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-08-21

120 Acres Only $3,25O'
on the Ozurl trail. II miles from Ok
lnhoma city. three quarters OF mile from
"A town In this county: 10 TO 10 scrss
10 acres good upland In cultivation. bal.
anto In pasture. improvements very
gocs. the prlce, 81 25O is very low. good
trrms can be Wadc.
Ross E. Thomas & Sons Co.
Walnut 4Gi 500 and $40 Campbell Bldg
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-08-21

FOR SALE cheap, good restaurant ana
bakery In GcuTy. Okla, reasons iof
selling untA,e to run H. Mrs. J. J., Spell
Gcnry. Okla, BOX 212
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-08-21

FOR TRADE-sO acres, 6 miles east OF
Britton, for light Buick Six. 1918, and
balance cash, or property In Houston.
Teyas Phone Maple 1880
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1918-08-21
FARM AND ACRE TRACTS
Oklahoma.

FOR SALE-l79-ncre river bottom farm.
miles from Tahleduah. Cherokee
county, okla n you want real bottom
farm, here It is; about lS5 acres In cul.
tlyntion, honsc, wells. spring; price tG5
an acre terms. r. Cunningham. Tah-
lequah Okla.
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13
ANCHOR BRAND CLUB
EUL0GIZES LINCOLN
Birthday Of Emancipation Oh
served by North & Judd ForemeIl

Celebrating the 109th anniversary
Of the birth of Abraham Lincoln,
members of the Anchor Brand Fore
mems Club gathered at their club
rooms on East Main street last night
and, over the banquet board, heard
the great commoner extolled
Contrasting the past with the pres
ent, the Civil War with the World
War, the speakers of the evening
urged their hearers to buckle on new
energy and do everything possible to
help win the war.
+. S. Penf1eld led the campaign for
the sale of Thrift and War Savings
Stamps and urged a new Spring
Drive" Fred M. Holmes pleaded for
| more efficiency in factory work. M.
| H. O'Hayer, superintendent of North
! & Judd's, reviewed the record of the
| past year and George H. Shine, presi-
| dent of the Foreman's club, kept
| things moving at a glib rate.
! The address on Abraham Lincoln
! was given by John ]. DAILY, who re-
viewed Lincoln's life, laying particu-
lar stress upon his attainments in the
field of letters. He pointed out that
| Lincoln, the orator, had given the
world Of literature one Of it's greatest
/
dres, the last paragraph of which, he
said, would be instrumental in FORM
| ing the basis for the worlds peace
that will follow the present war.
| George M. Landers, president of
| North & Judds, was unable to be
present because of his duties with
the State Council Of Defense. Singing
by Joseph Haffey and John J. Cream
concluded the program.
| Unable to be present, ii. G.. Noble,
| vice-president and treasurer of North
land judas sent the following tele-
gram from DaytOna, Florida, which
was read at the banquet.
| "Regret that I cannot be with you
| Previous plans deny me the privilege
|! 7 congratulate myself, however, upon
| knowing that every club member
stands Loyalty behind the important
| manufacturing interests and respon-
e,bi1itv entrusted to them, and have
tho utmost confidence that under the
| in+al1igent direction and influence OF
| o,r foremen in charge of the various
| Factory units the system Of mutual CO.
| operation will produce the most effec.
+ir,o and beneficial results obtainab bic
for both company and employees
With best of good wishes TO all,
"Cordially yours,
II. c. NOBLE,
| "sVice-Pres. and Treas -
Among those present We're: G. w
Troop, vice-president of the club;
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13
HOME GUARD OFFICERS.

Special orders issued from the head
quarters Of the Connecticut Home
Guard have appointed the following
members of Company NJ of this city
as non-conmissioned officers: Ser
geants, J. w. Marsland, James s
North, Russell G.. Germand and Earl
Gibney: corpora1s, E. Myron Jones'
Valentine 3. Chamberlain, John A
Snizer, Frederick P. Epson, E. Robert
Garter, Clifford w Epson and Fred
erick w. Williams. Noah Lucas, F. r.
Gilpatric Stanley NJ. Hunt, L. w
Young and Clarence Kelley have en-
listed in Company NJ.
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13
EVENTS TONIGHT

High-class photodramas at Fox's
aheater.
Vaudeville and superior photo
m,Iays. Lyceum theater.
Vaudeville and moving pictures,
Keeney's theater-
phoenix lodge, l. O. .. Is 1neets~fn
ur q. u. A. M. hail
Andre lodge, L O. O. f. Hee'S III
Vega hall.
St Elmo lodge, K. of p, meets al
242 Main street.
Erwin castle, K. G. F., meets III
Eagles hall.
Carpenters union meets at 81
Church street.
Lenten services, Catholic churches
Westa hive, L. O. r. M, meets al
EFT Main street.
New Britain nest, Order OF Owls
meets in Electric hal1.
Valiant tent, K. o. r.. M, meets a
B21 Main street
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13
TRUST co. EXPANDING.

Owing to the large increase in the
business of the New Britain Trust
company and the subsequently in
creased office force it has been
deemed necessary by the directors to
secure additional office space. AT
engagements are to be made with the
Booth estate whereby the offices over
the Trust company in Booths block
viii be ren1odelled this summer and
occupied by the bookkeeping and
clerical department
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13
SHOE MAN ENIISTS.

David a. Lipman, manager of S. W.
Menus Main street shoe store, has en-
hsted IN the army medical corps and
VIII lea,ve Friday for Fort Oglethorpe,
Ga. lie is a graduate of the local
Hlgh schoel with the class of 1914,
aItehoeo New York University for a
year, ana IS prominent fraternaIly.
being member of Harmony lodge, A.
F. & A. NJ, and also the I. O. r r
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13
HOOKER--NLE1NYON

Michael Hooker, formerly OF this
city, now a member of the United
States Army in the 22d Headquarters
company, and Miss Lillian Dorothy
Newton, Of "A Highland street, were
married Saturday in New York. The
bridegroom, prior to entering the
service of his country three years ago,
worked at the Stanley Rule and Level
cor1pany. The bride has been en-
ployed at the Southern New England
Telephone company,
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13
COZ. ROOSEVELT IMpRovEn

New York. Feb. ia marked i'm
provement in the condition Of Col
Theodore Roosevelt was announced
at Roosevelt hospital this morning.
He passed a comfortable night and
awakened at O'Clock greatly re-
freshed Mrs. Roosevelt spent some
time carly in the day at the bedside.
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13

H c. Luff, secretary; F. J. Ward,
treasurer; Louis Anderson, Carl Bauer,
Walter L. Bell, James Byett, Andrew
Basso, Arthur Carr John Carpmill,
Steve Charland, Michael Clynes, An
drew Colehan, Hugh Coffey, Amos
Case, Martin Curry, Omar Contoiso,
Thomas DeVine, James Dunn, Ludwig
Deutch, w. G. Durham, Arthur Fgin-
ton Joseph Farrell, James Fitzsim-
mons, w. F. Finlay, James Green
Pearl Haley, Horace Hancock, Albert
Howe, John Hyland, John Kennedy,
Emil Kraus, Tony Kolousky, Richard
Luby, Frank Macholz John Maloney,
Robert Matatall, Samuel McCutcheon
William Mccormick, Charles McCar-
thy, James McAvay, Fred Monier
Thomas Moore Harold Murth, +. E.
Morse, John Moran, Arthur Parfitt,
A. H. Parker, Daniel Ralph, Owen
Sullivan, George Ssh, Peter Scott,
John Shea, A. H. Starkey, Nicholas
Weihn, Louis wilcox and William
Young.
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13
Oil Heaters
- TALCOTT SIT.

If you Can't Get Coal use
an Oil Heater.
We have a stock of these
Heaters now; can't tell what
the situation will be for the
spring or fall Or how long our
stock will last.
Silver's Oil Heaters with
heavy blued steel drum, heavy
Bessemer Steel Base and used
by the British Government in
War Hospitals and Trenches.
Special at $685..
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13

Have you lost a sum ot
money? Our records show
that it pays best to advertise
this particular loss. Glasses,
Pins and Rings are found
in surprising quantities and
turned in at the Herald. Your
money will surely remain in :
The finders hands if he does
not know who lost il.
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13
Window
VentlatOrS
II TALCOTT ST.

When using an oil or gas
heater, OF your open Fireplace,
a. window VentiIator will be a
great help to let in fresh
oxygen that is consumed by
this method of heating.
Continental Window Venti-
lators, 9 inches high, will open
to 81 inches. Special 35c.
Other sizes and prices at
IL TALCOTT ST.
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13

WANTED-Young man for work in
production office of local concern.
Good salary. Address Box Alb, Her
aid. 2-11-3d
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13

FURNISH ED ROOMS-Au ronven-
IonccS. Light housekeeping. Cen
lfal' 10 Prospect St 2-1z-tT
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13

THREE FL FINISHED ROOMS-Iigh,
housekeeping, MaiN street. EIeruIN
Box FOB. p-1p-nH
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13

WANTED - Automobile salesman.
Good opportunity for right party.
Ambitious person preferred to one
Of experience. Box Alb, Herald.
FL Sid
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13
HELP WANTED-MALE.

STORE CLERK, age 9 Or 20; must
be neat and clean and have good
references. Apply 1873 Main st.
2-12-1d
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13

lines the latest in Silver
makes in plated
with
Cur and Community Par
and SO Com
nunnv be of charge
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13
MILK BUSINESS FOR SALE

CONTAINS one good milk route,
young horse, low down milk
wagon with Timken bearings,
cover sleigh, new De Laval sepa-
rator, r. G. Wright bottle filler,
steam boiler, cans, bottles, caps,
cases, etc, with or without auto
truck. Drafted, reason for selling
EdW. Rehnberg, kensington
.
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13

ANTED--At once, young man with
High school education in automo
bile business. Must have references.
Box Alb. Herald. 2-14-1d
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13
FURNISHED ROOMS.

Desirable furnished rooms for light
housekeeping. lei t';lirview st
2-13-l Il
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13

FURNISHED ROOAIS for light
housek coping. 80 Main street. Tel
1G26-14. 1-2%-tf
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13
Removal Sale Prices
Notion Offers

REMOVAL SALE PRICES
loo Wooden Slipper Trees.
Removal Sale Price &c.
Oakite, perfect powdered
cleaner of fabrics and house.
hold articles. Removal Sale
Price packages for 25c.
Gartside's Iron-rust Soap &c.
10c plated Hair Binders and
Hair Bow Holders, &c.
Fine quality household
Shears; value soc. Sale price
35c.
Ventilated Metal Shoe Trees;
value Csc. Sale Price 15c.
1 ID can Jewel high grade
prepared Floor Wax Removal
Sale Price 33c.
Army and Navy Bristle
Shoe Polishers, 15c.
New Britain herald., 1918-02-13

'FVice-Pres. and Treas
Among those present We're: G. w
Troop, vice-prcsident of the club:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-14
<kT NHERE is nothing" declares
Lieutenant Charles w.
H Keene, in Aerial Age"


(which increases a students
confidence and tying ability like Stunt
or acrobatic flying And the writer
continues:
ut also arouses their enthusiasm and
creates rivalry, which is very desirable.
There is nothing hard or dangerous about
or more solo master all the stunts I
shall describe in one hour with good in
structor, and should then be sent up to do
them alone.
in my experience I do not know of a
single fatal accident caused from stunning
when the pilot had received instruction. hut
| know of lots of them that could have been
avoided had the pilot been at ease when his
plane was in awkward positions
"Although have been flying, off and on
since 1911 | never had fun confidence in the
air until 1 learned to do my first tailspin
last sumner
Loops
Hold machine down about 20 degrees for
few seconds to get speed.
"Pu3l stick back slowly at first, and fast
err as plane goes further into loop.
"There is less resistance to pull as top
of loop is reached so that steady pull will
bring the stick back at about the right
speed.
"Stick is all the way back just before top
of the loop is reached, No. 2, and is kept in
that position until position 3 is reached,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-14
What Anarchy Has Done to
Mexico
Mexico

delight the making of banana bread, sweet
potato bread, cassava bread. If the mistress
forgets. the man remembers.
'lncldentally, it has it's amusing moments.
Finding that ! was about to lose a cher
ished washerw oman, reproached her. She
said she no ike talk food. Not nice talk;
but it appeared, upon a domestic probe,
that she was not getting enough to eat.
Whcreupon | reproachcd the mogul of the
kitchen, who replied grmly, yet with a
touch of pride:
Econ o-mizc! I save food~~more bet
ter-this war time. Gov ment speak ."
Also, there is another story of Jap
anese youth who bought Thrift Stamps
in a shop one day and had explained to
him the inner workings of the matter
chow within certain length of time the
stamps would bring him in more money
than he had originally paid for them. The
boy tore them up-twenty dollars worth of
stamps which he had bought and paid
for and dropped them on the floor
"'Why in some sweet saints name did
you do that inquired the man behind the
counter.
Because said the young Nippon CURLY,
l like give money to government. / no
ask government give money to me-
"Theres odd little thrill in that story
it's true one, too
"And great many of the men who stood
up in the questionnaire and told
all their secrets to the printed form, which
spared not man nor beast, couldn't speak
English, plainly. The men who helped them
out had to wrestle with pdgin.
"'You like hakakau Eight for) America? y
Yes, ike "hakakau" America Or No
can do-got wife and baby'-according as
they did or they didn't want to claim ex-
emption. Only, think of the splendid I'M
questioning faith of man who wants to
tight for country whose language he
can't even handle--yct!"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-14
No Mistake About the
Spirit of Honolulu

WHATEVER Honolulu has been,
w writes Fannie HeaSlip Lea in
"MoClure's," the war has made her
passionately American. Her quota
of Liberty Bonds is heavily oversub-
scribed. Her Vigilance Committee sits
reekly in keen-eyed council And from
France they write back that the band
ages and the surgical dressings made
by the women of Honolulu are always
in demand. Yes, Honolulu rolls
bandages; and furthermore
Gin every window of the town, very nearly,
you beside the Red Cross card with
its significant array of smaller crosses, the
card of the food administration with its
wreath encrcled shield Wheatless days,
meatless days, porkless days. Ten days
away from New York, we have them all
1t amazes one to see with what eagerness the
japanese servants subscribe to the new re-
glme Their kitchens are plastered with
Hooverian edicts, clipped from magazines
and newspapers. They accept with absolute
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-14

and push the rudder all the way in the d.
rection desired to spin.
"Another way is to climb vertically with
motor on until stalled, then give rudder and
keep stick back. The plane will fall to side
on which rudder is used and go into a fat
spin with lots of whip in it, The motor will
cut out at the top of the stall, but will start
again about the time the spin begins
Although spin can be made and taken
out with the motor on there is danger of
breaking or straining the plane, and it is
better policy to throttle down.
The way to come out of spin usually
taught is to push stick forward to neutral
position and give opposite rudder until
spin stops. The ship is then in nose
dive and can easily be taken OUT by pulling
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-14
"No aileron used.
Start cross wind and turn away from
wind to get best results

No aileron used
Start cross wind and turn awav from
wind to get best results
Barrel or Follower
Start similar to lmmelmann turn. but
with more speed.
Instead OF reversing rudder when INSIDE
down, keep little rudder on and Some
aileron and stick pushed forward
Plane will go into side slip and com
plete turn
Upside Down Glide
start same as Immelmann turn. when on
back cut motor and push stick all the wav
forward, rudder in neutral
Machine Will glide on back To coma ont
pull stick back until around in leye, evina
position.
This may also be done from tor of loon
IN same manner.
1T VIII be more successful however e
loop is made with wind instead of against
1t SO that glide will be against wind
Reverse Loop
t'fhis is my name for this trick ga
learned it myself; however, think there i
another name for IT.
Start same as loop.
When on top, cut motor. nnsh s+;.L
forward, and kick rudder sharplv plane
wlli begin to fall and spin SLOWLY around
sul! on back; when half turn is made nut
fudaer In neutral and pull back stick com
ing out IN opposite direction"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-14

as these phases are Influenced bv H..
physical conditions Of his environment. !,
other words, geography merely RECOGNIZES
that we live on the material earth and
that whatever changes may occur upon !.
will in turn exert their influence upon es.h
one Of US We may be conceited abon,
abilities; we can boast about doing him
better than others can do them: we rns.
learn to cope fairly well with many Of tbs
elements; but old mother nature s.;n
watches over us with big stick and y.
have to perform just about as she dictats.
Seine one once said: A nation before !.
can have great export business mus,
before 1t exports its commodities, export
its young men That is certainly Soma
logic. But the young men must be trained
Economic geography and commercial geoe-
raphy, if well taught in the public schools
will supply them with many Of the first e.
sentials for their work. The former 70.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-14

go into another spin in the opposite direc-
ton.
After the first few turns the speed down
ward does not increase materially and it is
safe to spin any distance
The pilot in the back seat is seldom
Killed when plane falls to the ground in
taispin.
lmmeimann Turn
Dive down on a 20 degree slant to gain
speed
Pull back stick and climb at about 60
degrees angle.
Kick rudder sharply in the direction de-
sired to turn This will turn plane over on
oack reverse rudder to stop plane in this
position, then back to neutral
Keep stick back until plane comes down
and back to level position.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1918-07-14
&Es lklL aT1s, A1nhk1
WRITING in ''The Contemporary
u Review" Of present conditions
IL, Moxinn II Gro u ono Rich

M kiliN1 IN the contemporary
NA Review" Of present conditions
in Mexico, II. Grahame Rich
ards describes scenes of the utmost desc
iaticn. Travel, he says, is attended with
many real dangers. and it is hard to rec
onoie the Mexico of to-day with that of
the productive and rich land which ante
dated the black era of revolution. With
recent exploration in mind he declares:
"Northern Mexico. or at least that portion
of it lying south of Laredo on the border,
presents a depressing succession of arid,
lava -colorcd hills, sparsely covered with
struggling, dust-choked cactus Never in
spring spectacle, even when the season is
most proptious. it is infinitely less so now
when years of unendinE revolution and
counter revolution have left their cruel
marks on the countryside and on the people
iphabiting it.
"For the moment the wider and more or
less political revolutionary movements have
died from sheer inanitiop leaving as after
math roaming bands of rebels, who main
tain themselves in that condition of dolce
far niente 50 beloved of the Mexicano by
periodical descents upon hacendas or vii
lagos, and whose most popular pastime con-
sists in firing upon passenger trains as they
crawl past the stark hills. Travel is there
fore precarious. rendering necessary g plIot
train.
Generally this train consists of an
CINE drawing couple of closed goods trucks.
containing score of armed natives,
who, accompanied by their wives and fam
lilies. live for months on end in these trucks
1t is characteristic of these armed guards
that will ri1it.rv
duties make war unless morally sup
ported by the presence of their womenfolk,
despite the fact that when they do fall into
the hands of raiders they die in ways sari
Gus and unpleasant to detail. Their remains
after such occasions are invariably suspend
ed from the nearest telegraph pole along
side the line, to act as warning to others
of their kind
"Niewed thus, swaying to and fro in the
mournful breeze that springs up when the
sun has vanished. the effect upon one Is by
no means cheering Nor vet are other sights
: which one cannot help remarking -in:er-
minabe stretches of cactus covered DESERT
strewn here and there with bones glear.n g
white in the noontide glare. They are not
alone the bones of horses. Stations, such
the ambitious architectural effort at Mon
terey, shattered and burned almost to the
ground; others incredibly riddled by bullets;
a land rendered lifeless and bleak by long
continued rapne and slaughter such is me
impression Northern Mexico conveys to dav.
almost impossible is it for one to realize
that this is one of the most fertile coun-
tries of the world that its agricultural pos
sibihties welnigh iilmitable, since
stick thrust into the soil takes root; tina.
its silver resources remain but half e.
plotted although it already produces prac
cally one-third Of the worlds total suppl
Of that metal; that its oiliields are bu,
s@s scelsyf yet TAPPED