davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona republican., 1918-06-03
What Chicle Is-Where It Comes From

The base of all the. chewing gum made today is chicle, a gum which is refined from the milky juice of the zapote tree, found chiefly in old Mex ico.
 house of Adams & Sons. of New York. was the first man to introduce chiele into chewing gum.
 Not only did MT. Adams first ap- ply chicle to the manufacture of chewing gum maker in the world to add pepsin, peppermint and. other flavors.
 Botanists know comparatively little about chicle. Ethnologists tell us that the oldest races in Central and South America chewed raw chiele. It was known to the early Indians of Mexico and the Spanish people larned about it from the Indians, but never refined it or turned it to any commercial purpose.
 The few scientific men who had studied the curious substance up to the year 1866, when Mr, Adams ap- piled It to practical purpose, sup posed 1t was allied with the rubber family.
 And even at this late date, after chice has been used the world over for nearly half century, there is considerable misunderstanding regard ing its nature. This is not surpris- ing, though. since botanists differ as to it's functions.
 chicle belongs to the "familia sa- potacea." Men who claim to know something about ehicle will still tell you that it is made from the sap of the zapote tree. But as a matter of fact, it is not made from the sap of the tree. It is a milky juice, more of than sap.
 Early writers have compared the latex of the zapote tree to the blood
Arizona republican., 1918-06-03

will permit him to resume the opera ton of his developed property.
 New Perception Awakened
 The spirit of determination to do all that can possibly be done by those remaining over here in aid of those over there, has developed widened perception as to values of all kinds and has brought the utmost ingeneu- ity into action to work out new com binations which will produce returns in available metal from materials which may have previously been con sidered as non commercial, either by reason of their combination of con tents or because of isolation, or both, or because it was felt that there was something bigger in the next range. Very rapidly, it is becoming distinctly out of fashion to pass anything by. Everything that bears the stamp of naturalization is getting the acid test, with astonishing results. as is dem enstrated by the increase made in the output of copper notwithstanding retarding factors of price, depleted technical help, shortage in certain lines of labor, high costs of material, and slowed down transportation fla cilities. Increase in the development and production of other essential war metals, manganese, molybdenum, tung sten, etc., as demonstrated in the de- creased importation requirements. is equally astonishing. And in Arizona a great part of the increase in avail ability of these latter metals has come about through the activities of the copper miners, who have found them in association with copper formation they were following.
 Much Developing Here
 Tucson's mineralized area is large and of as great resourcefulness in its diversity of minerals as any on the continent. It is not a generally reali-
 zed fact, even at home, that one ei the comparatively few important plants for the reduction of the rarel metals has been established in the l Tucson area. Nor is it generally realized that the Sasco smelter ir | the Tucson area is outputting in the neighborhood of a million and hall pounds of copper each month from ores drawn from producing mines 1T | this area, none of them as yet biz properties, but all producing the needed red metal. It is well to men | tion these things occasionally by way of preventing the notion from getting
 root that the district is altogether al | experiment. On the other hand, it is | in fact, a pretty much established
 proven pay zone. From all source: | it is mining probably close to two million pounds of copper the month
 or 24 million pounds the year, an out
 put that not so long ago would hay' | been looked upon as entitled to i'm
 portant rank in the producing column | in Arizona It was only a few year
 ago that Jerome raised it's outpu
 from the Verde district above 3,000.00
 pounds the month, that Globe Miam
 district jumped from around 2,50000
 pounds the month to a normal Q around 10000, 900 pounds the month a this time, that Clifton raised abov 3.000,0o0 pounds the month. At thi time there is the Superior district widely famed as the possessor il Magma of one of the richest eoppe
Arizona republican., 1918-06-03

of animals. One of the most recent writers upon the subject dismisses the theories of all his predecessors and comes to the unsatisfactory con- elusion that it is impossible to deter mine the function of the laetiferous tubes in the zapote plant until micro chemical methods have been improved.
 When the latex is boiled until the gum has reached the consistency of fresh taffy candy the milk disap- pears. One of the methods employed by the chiele gatherers in Mexico is to stir the boiling gum until all of the milk is out. A test of it's disappear ance is to drop a spoonful into cold
 water and after it has hardened to break it. If the break shows a per
 feet brown, unmixed by white flakes or streaks, the gum is done and ready to be moulded for shipment.
 In the English colonies there are various names for the zapote tree. It is sometimes called the bully tree, the naseberry, and the sapodilla The bark is febrifugal and the seeds of the fruit, which are much sought after by the natives, contain both diuretic
 and aperient properties. When the fruit is thoroughly ripe the seeds are covered with a thin coating of raw ehicle. This leads many botanistts to
 believe that the latex of the chicle tree serves as a nutriment for the
 wood. Some writers contend that this
 latex has no value except as a pro- tection for the wood from insects. It
 Is believed by a few that the latex
 keeps out superflous moisture which
 prevails in all tropical countries dur ing the rainy season, and at the same time retains the necessary moisture l for the nutriment of the plant during the dry season.-Chiele Chat.
 Gro be continued Sundays)
Arizona republican., 1918-06-03
DOG SALMON NOW IS
 AMONG LUXURIES
(Vancouver Sun)


 Great difficulty continues to be eX- perienced by the fishing companiese in meeting the domestic demand, and, so far at least as the New England Fish company is concerned, export orders go begging. In the restaurants the modest little offerings of halibut would have been thrown in as starter few years ago, and the hardy fisher men are declared to be the fortunate parties who are rapidly swelling their bank balances, and not the fishing companies.
 The dog salmon, once despised and rejected, has just commanded the price of 63 cents apiece, and to the fisher men affords probably the most strik-. ing illustration of the extravagant prices now commanded by the members of the finny tribes.
 We are not able to develop new | markets because we have great diff eulty in taking care of our domestic | trade" said A. Hager of the New Eng | land Fish company, when asked the position in regard to winter shipments of fish. Our tonnage is much below last year, both for fresh fish and frozen, in fact, considerably less than in any 1 previous year. This is to be attributed to the scarcity of fish and the scarcity | of labor. There are lots of orders in l sight, export orders. but we cannot be- 1 gin to touch them. In the first place, | the price offered is too low, and apart from that we cannot get enough fish for the export trade. We are not get ting enough fish for our Canadian and American trade.
 Both halibut and salmon are in the luxury class. I cannot say what price halibut is retailing for back east: suppose any price can be asked for it, but 1t is surely very high right here. Halibut has been selling around 16 to 20 cents a pound, and went as high as 30 cents for little while. This is compared with and $ cents a pound three or four years ago. Just two years ago it was selling at cents pound, and that was a good price.
 Take salmon again. Here we are today having paid as high as 63 cents for dog salmon, the cheapest grade of salmon, getting close to what 1 might call the worlds record for sockeye at 70 cents."
 But the harvest is the fishermans $ and not that of the fishing and distrib- | uting companies, Mr. Hager points out The huge price for salmon is attributed to the bidding for salmon of the Amer ican buyers and the Japanese fishing fraternity being we'll organized, and MT. HdSeP noes not question In the least that numbers of Japanese fishing brokers, and even fishermen, are able to winter in Japan off their gains this season.
 The halibut fishermen are also en- toying remarkable winnings by their percentage of the market price of the l fish the deep sea bots bring in. For , the halibut fishermen to make s400 and $500 for a two weeks stay on the fish ing grounds has been no exception this summer.
 -o
 . Irca pan,,bI;o,p ,-Ios.,f;od Aaz
Arizona republican., 1918-06-03
MALARIA IN ENGLAND
Scientific American.)

Malaria was once common in eer- tain parts of England, but as a result of drainage and the use of quinine it was completely stamped out, notwith- standing the fact that anopheline mosquitoes remain in the country. The parasite cycle was broken and the insect was no longer infected. Now comes the report of a reerudescence of indigenous malaria in England. According to a circular issued by the local government board, many men have contracted the disease while fighting on the eastern fronts and have brought it home with them; thus they serve as foci of infection for the civilian population. Measures are being taken to deal with the carrier mosquitoes.
Arizona republican., 1918-06-03
ORIGIN OF BLIZZARD
(London News)

Blizzard is undoubtedly word of American origin. but it is much older than suggested. In Amersham Church yard today there is a tomb of the Blizzard family and people of that name still reside in the village of Chalfont St. Giles. A man of this name accom- panied William Penn to the New World This Blizzard, it is said, de- veloped very unsociable habits and settled far away from his fellows in the remote northwest. Now a north western snowsterm in the states is the most disagreeable thing there is about the whole climate, and MT. Blizzard, being so unpleasant a person to his neighbors, his name was adopted to describe the objectionable type of weather which blew rom his direction.
Arizona republican., 1918-06-03
MORE COPPER |S
 WORLD CRY; NEW DISTRICTS MUST ANSWER THE CALL

TUCSON, AriZ., June 1.-Is the mineralized area about Tucson about to bring in another great copper pro- ducing district for Arizona? Signs as embodied in new discoveries of ore of commercial quality and quantity and of favorable attendant condi- lions Of formation, point strongly that way-so strongly that recent weeks have witnesses the ineo me of a very sizable amount of new capital and new energy to pursue the develop meht work and prospecting which is under way.
 Of World Concern
 A year ago this would have been matter of local importance and of inn portance to the interests here and elsewhere in the country directly con- cerned because of their investment of tim and money, and to the copper mining world in a general way-and there it would have ended. Today, under war conditions. it is a matter Of national interest and going be- yond that of even greater interest to the countries of Europe in alliance with the United States in war.
 Better Realized Abroad
 The countries of Europe in all like lihood realize the importance of the prospectors picks and of the energies of capital in delving in new copper country far more than it is realized dig; but their need of copper to shoot dig; bu their need of copper to shoot is vital. They must look to this coun- try for the metal, and that being the case their vision goes deeper than can be expected from the people who have been accustomed to having more cop per than they needed, which until the last few years has been the posi- tion of the people of the United States. The man with money in his pocket in excess of his needs is never so much concerned about how to keep up the supply as the fellow along side of hi m has nothing in his pock cts but must get something there immediately.
 Vital to War Conduct
 Recently there has been a consid erable awakening in America about copper, and there is a great deal more to come. The understanding of the necessity of the metal as a materia l has broadened, and so also has the understanding that the tremendously | increased de mands made by war have depleted reserves or orc, while b, reason of low price and unceasing speed-up demands from those making
Arizona republican., 1918-06-03
OWN A HOME ARCHBISHOP GLENNON

Archbishop Glennon of St Louis in Labor Day told 20OO representatives of labor be Ameri can, get the American Spirit-buy home, start
 ngs account and take life insurance advice coming time when flood gates prosper
 y open it should citizens thought for the future Bishop Glennon said in part:
 Buy home. Start a savings account. Get some life insurance. This Archbishop John J. Glennon's Christmas advice to the working of St Louis. He freely and naturedly about 1000 repre-
Arizona republican., 1918-06-03

use of the metal on war contracts, there has not been the opportunity to make up for the depletion through new development in established mines -or, more correctly, to attempt to make up for it through research for new ore bodies
 Mining Country Understands
 The mining country understands this. Operators and operatives in the copper camps know it. They have been speeding up for months because of It. as individuals. Every day their patriotism asserts itself a little stronger in this despect. It is the cause behind increased endeavor. too, on the part of the prospector and the operator engaged upon development and the man who gets the money for both of these and the man who puts up the money. With some this phase may be on the sub conscious side. but it is the underlying in one shape or another with all of them They know there must be more metal found they are out to find it. Added to the desire to win returns, to give new wealth to the world, to do big in- dustrial things, the factors which have- always sustained and driven the II, there is now the far higher stimulus contained in the country's need.
 Results Are Coming
 In the Tucson area, in the new Kay district, in the Wenden district these elements are finding pronounced ex- pression and are being attended by the finding of important things in ore This is also true of operations in the Verde district prospecting area, in those of the Globe and Miami dis tricts, in the Warren, the Ray and the Superior districts. The same senti- ment, the flag at the top of the mast now and forever no bet overlooked to increase the metal supply neces- sary to keep it there, predominates with all of these miners, consciously or sub-consciously, but predominates just the same. Backed by such spirit, it is not at all to be wondered at that mining men in Arizona look for the achievement of more in the discovery and mining of new ore between now and the end of the war than during any previous period of several times the same length in the history of the industry in the state, and to make such a record the mining man will admittedly have to trot fast.
 This does not mean that he has not been doing so, but only that he is go- ing a little faster all the time. Re- member, too that he has been doing so with less encouragement than given any other of our industries-copper alone has had a falling price and a rising wage, minimum price and maxi mum costs in every respect. But no | copper producer has had a word of protest to give out. Neither has any man engaged in the development of copper country. They have all ac- cepted the situation as it has come about even though some have been compelled to close down. Not a. one
 who has closed down, however, but
 has turned immediately to endeavor
 to find something new that would
 enable him to produce until such time as the price of copper should be fixed
 by the government at a figure that
Arizona republican., 1918-06-03

Use Republican Classified Ads for Eesults-Read for Profit.
Arizona republican., 1918-06-03

sentatives of labor yesterday afternoon at the New Cathedral where he preached the annual Labor Sunday Never residence properties so cheap and wages high now, the prelate said
 This American spirit of home ownership should dom- mate every household It should be the goal of every family For building the best evidence of thrift energy really the permanent badge of good citizen ship.
 Be American,-own home should be the slogan of community.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1918-10-30
DAZED BY HUN ATROCITIES
Emotional Faculties of Afflicted Bel
CLANS Probably ParaIyzed by the
Horrors They Had Witnessed.

Mr.. Brand Whitlock, former Ameri-
can minister to Belgium, has beer
talking about the horror of Louvain il
the London Daily Telegraph:
Il was struck by the lack of pas
sion displayed by all those who had
SO terribly suffered. I seldom heard
any Of them express hatred of the
Germans or any desire for revenge.
''None of them, as far as l could
learn or observe, even acted in the
tragic manner There were no he
roles and no histrionies; they did
not even demean themselves as do peo-
pie in the cinema or the romantic nov
''In moments of great danger, or
great strain and tragedy, people are
simple and natural; they do not act
in the theatrical sense of the word"
To say that a play could be acted
without gesture or other expression
of what we feel is absurd. Nor
would. I think, history support Mr..
Brand Whitlock's inference, whatever
may have been the story of unhappy
Bel--i.-ss
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1918-10-30
Used Liquor as Bait.

The burgomaster Of Arnsberg, West
phalia, Germany, having failed in all
endeavors to induce the farmers of the
neighborhood to bring in supplies,
placed this advertisement in the local
newspaper '"This municipality will buy
all agricultural products for cash at
government prices. Every person who
delivers 100 pounds of bread grain or
800 pounds of potatoes will receive a
ticket emitting him to buy bottle of
brandy or rum at reduced prices from
the municipal cellars" Within twenty
four hours the cellars were empty and
the residents of AInsberg enjoyed the
first square meal they had had for
weeks,
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1918-10-30
NORTH DANVILLE

Mr.. and Mrs. C. C. Massey anc
Doris Clifford visited at Will Cliff
ford's, Sunday.
Miss Eva Duclos who has been al
st. Johnsbury caring for her sister
Mrs. James Macdonald, has return.
ed home.
George Stanton has sold his SUI
gar orchard to George Cary.
Mrs. Eliza and Miss Stella Allen
of st. Johnsbury Center who have
been visiting at Freeman Aliens the
past week returned home Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter SWEET and
little daughter, Alpha, visited at
Frank SWEETS, Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Anderson
are visiting their daughter, Mrs. C.
C. Drew.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert McGill and
family moved into Frank Emmons'
tenement Monday.
Miss Jennie Gadapee of Andover,
Mass, is visiting her parents, Mr..
and Mrs. Fred Gadapee.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold Ward return
ed to their home Sunday from ST..
Johnsbury, where Mr.. Ward has been
i'll the past five weeks.
News has been received of the
death of Emma Sevigny from inf1u-
enza and pneumonia. Miss Sevigny
had resided in town for the past ten
years until two weeks ago she NOV
ed with her parents to Bridgeport,
Conn. She was born in Gorham, N.
H., and was % years of age. She
won many friends while residing here
and will be greatly missed. The re-
mains have been brought to St.
Johnsbury for burial. She leaves be-
side her parents, three sisters, and
one brother, Mrs. John Emmons ana
Dora Sevigny of st. Johnsbury, Mrs.
Joseph Founier of Bridgeport, Conn,
and Will Sevigny of Walden. The
bereaved family have the deep sym
patty of all.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1918-10-30
uaA.
When Nine. dn Barry died upon

When Nine. du Barry died upon
the scaffold in Paris, her shrieks de-
lighted the knitting women. The Due
de Guise ran wildly from his assas-
sins to throw himself at the feet of
Henry of France. Pitt wept for his
country's misfbrtunes-the family of
the Inflated Louis XVI did not cease
their lamentations all night when they
heard that he was to be gufllotined at
dawn.
The choler of Judge Jeffreys found
expression in the rawlings and rantingg
of q mailman Boabdil wept when he
was driven from Granada. Henry VIII
could swear like a Observation-Disclosures
Howard shrie at Hampton court,
and the superstitfous hear her sllrieks
to this day.
In my view, the unhappy Belgians
were dazed by the very horror of the
circumstance. The atrocities commit
ted by the Hun were too awful. Shall
we wonder if the emotional faculties
were paralyzed FL ndon Dispatch.
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1918-10-30
When to Cut waInut Trees.

Warming as to the proper time to
cut walnut trees is sounded in a let
ter to the American Forestry Assoeia-
ton from DR.. Robert T. Morris, an
authority of New York city. The black
walnut is destined to play big part
in the war and President Wilson has
called upon the Boy Scouts to mark
the trees. From September to April
is the. time to cut these trees. says
Doctor Morris, In his letter to the as
ISOLATION. eff the trees are cut at
other times the roots viii die. 1t
is very important TO observe this rule
to safeguard our future timber sup
ply
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1918-10-30
Let Vermont Republicans Answer
With Their Votes

We say that big Republican majority in Yer
mont this year will be good answer to the Demo
ratio partys appeal, also an encouragement to Re
pubcans in other states. If our majority falls be-
low normal it will be cause for Democratic reJolc-
ing throughout the country
The evening Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1918-1920, 1918-10-30

A Frenchman complained that ne
had difficulty in Learning English. He
said that after he had learned to pro-
nounce typhoid ever" a doctor pro.
nCunced it fatal.