davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05
Hun Threats American
No Longer Remeuh.,

1T is not generally remembered that
, pel1re the present day, which sees the
World in arms, the United States and md
tGlermany, on two occasions, were ON
the verge of war. "eA' vi
On the first of these war was averted
only because the captain of a German
Msnarsh,p W discreetly refused to "a accent cent
tne dare" of the captain of an AmerS
can can cruiser whom the Hun sought to
iintlmidate. In the other case nat naturo re
interviewed when an American souadrnn
under command of rear admiral ia facoa o,'
a German squadron, and Neptune with
slight sweep of his hairy hard .i
wrecked three of the American vassa,s
and an equal number of German wer'
ships, and took the lives of $50 Of +Se;r
crews. Between these two hannen;no On
me German navy, incidentally, received
the best licking in it's history un to tho
commencement of the present wnr " with it
the United States and it's allies "';t u
was defeat the boche navy has never
forgotten. All three affairs took MACE Mace
within six months of each other n
1883 and lSS.-John C. Klein. in
Leslie's. :"
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05

and factories. They also would see the
spectacle, which no word is adequate to
qualify, of those who fought under the
united flags of the peoples who wished
to live in freedom.
Salutcs President Wilson
Everywhere you will meet but a
single hope-hope of victory" N. Col
lard added, "and everywhere behind
the noise of the guns and the ma
chinery and amid the silent fields you
will see the heart of France beating
for the single ideal of brotherhood and
justice which you will recognize as
being yours also. | wish to take the
opportunity of saluting the name of one
who symbolizcs SO finely that ideal
President Wilson,"
1--WE will beat the Germans first and
speak to them aftcrward," declared
Chairman Wilson and George l.. Barry,
of the mission, on their arrival. we
take tho position that we will not meet
them in conferences under any consid
Grafton. We will not be swervcd from
our main job-beating Germany-by
any talk of conferences with them until
they have been driven behind their own
frontiers. We know the German pur
pose is to dominate civilization and we
shall make every effort to thwart it,"
Tell of Visit in England
Messrs. Wilson and Barry declared
they were delighted with their stay in
England. They said they had expected
to find a people weary Of war after
four years of struggle, but, on the con-
trary, had found the leaders and rank
and file of British workmen as fully
determined to pursue the war to sue
cessful conclusion as the. American
people.
Gwen the pessimists do not talk
peace, but are willing to carry on the
war to a bitter end" they added.
Sir Home Gordon, of the British La
Dor Ministry; James O'Grady, Labor
Member of Parliament for Leeds, and
Harry Britain will accompany the
American delegation throughout it's stay
in France. A committee of the French
General Labor Federation met last
night to complete the programme OF
entertainment for the American Wis
itors.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05

mails was begun" the review states, "a
considerable quantity Of commodities
urgently required for war purposes was
| found addressed direct to consignees in
Germany. From the first few mails
over three thousand packets of raw
rubber. as we'll as the manufactured
article in great variety, were seized.
Later, when the strictness of the
ecersorshlp became generally known,
the Central Powers were forced to at.
tempt all kinds of subterfuge before
abandoning altogether their hopeless
efforts of evading the blockade. A
careful examination of certain packets
or photographs revealed bars of pure
nlckle concealed in the f1uting of the
corrugated paper wrapping. Thousands
OF other ingenious devices for sendino
war material into Germany have been
discovered.
Many Securities Seized
During the year 1915 it was learned
that Germany was unloading her for
eign securities on very extensive
scale. The realization from such sales
greatly assisted the enemy in acquir
ing funds for investment in national
war loans, in improving the American
exchange, in bolstering credit abroad
-" aSi"s purchases IN neutral
countries. In the first two months
s1oooo,ooo worth of such securities
were seized and placed in the prize
court. The effect has been to greatly
depreciate in neutral markets the Sc
curlties bearing evidence of enemy
ownership and to- reduce almost to
vanishing point the volume of securi-
ties dispatched to foreign countries"
Early in the war cash remittances
Tor enemy benefit amounting to more
than $25O,000 also were confiscate by
the censorship department
The value Of war information oh
tanned through the mails is scarcely
to be estimated.
ut was hardly possible to realize
the extraordinary thoroughness and in
genuity with which the enemy NV az a
plotted the international Postal Service
for belligerent purposes" the review
states. "Innumerable plots for eyad-
ing the blockade and transmitting sup-
plies to the enemy by indirect methods
have been detected in the course of our
Investigations.
The fact cannot be too strongly en-
phasizcd that information extracted
from business letters has never been
used as 9 means for capturing neutral
trade. Ihe activities of neutral trad
sAs "ic VI no ,hlfrest Whatever to the
postal censorship, except as they in
voive enemy transactions.
The suggestion has been made that
persons reading the correspondence
might divulge its contents TO British |
hrms. The answer is that the employ
ment OF men who would violate SOL |
emn obligation would be as great a |
menace to British firms as to those Of /
neutral nations. Every precaution has
been taken to select for the work men /
whose credentials ere unimpeachable."
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05
Rigid Mail Censorship Depriives
Germany Of Powerful Weapon
How Great Britain and United States Have Greatly Per
fected System to Balk Enemy Told
in Official Pamphlet

The rigid censorship of international
mails established by Great Britain, and
now aided by the United States, has
gradually succeeded in disarming Ger
many of war weapon Of Importance
secondary only to her armies in the
field and her submarine fiotillas.
How Britain's argus-eyed army Of
the shipping shears and blue pencils
has held the postal lines against the
poison gas waves Of letter-writing Huns
is recounted officially for the first time
in pamphlet that has just reached
this country from London. Since the
United States entered the war the in
ternational censorship is said to have
frightened considerably and the Allies
have virtually gained the mastery of
the mails.
During the many months of censor
ship activity thousands of neutral ves-
sells have been held up in British ports
and countless tons of enemy mail ex-
. amined and confiscated. The earlier
friction with neutral countries has
gradually lessened, and now, according
to British officials, the system of cx-
animation has been so expedited that
foreign mail passing in and out of Lon
don is scarcely ever delayed more than
twentyfour hours.
Objects of Censorship
The objects of censorship are two
fold: To discover and frustrate the
plots hatched by the enemy in their
own. neutral and Allied countries; to
restrict the enemy's supplies and in
every other way to impair his capacity
for making war
The mass of German letters inter-
cepted fall into three classes: Letters
furthering acts of violence, incendiar-
ism and sabotage in the United States:
letters embodying plans for interfering
with the supply of vital materials from
neutral to the Allied countries; letters
containing enemy propaganda.
This last ITEM" the censorship re-
view states, "includes great quantity
of scurrilous leaflets dispatched by the
enemy, generally under neutral cover.
to the United States, and also to neu-
trai countries to be re-forwarded for
circulation in British territory. Manv
tons Of such matter found in letter mails
have been destroyed each week and
sold as waste paper
Stopping German Business
The second responsibility Of the GEN.
sorship department is to interfere in
every way possible with Germany's for
eign business--by stopping supplies
consigned TO the enemy. actually found |
in the mail bags; by stopping docu-
ments the purpose Of which is to |
transfer money or credit to the en- |
emy; by extracting from letters evil
dence Of attempts to evade blockade /
and information showing channels Of |
hostile trade. =
"When the examination Of first class
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05
Rejection of Equal
Suffrage a Menace,
Says German Press
Action of Lower Chamber
of Prussian Diet Causes
Indignation

AMSTERDAM, May Alderman news
papers are greatly concerned over the
effect on the country and the army of
the rejection by the lower chamber of
the Prussan Diet of the equal suffrage
measure. n The Berlin "Tageblatt" speaks
OF ,"limitless disappointment" and adeep
Indignation" and says that in it's eff. f
1ect on the broad masses of the people
there IS danger which should not be
undestimated. NC
The 'vorwarts" says: at has been
ff,gntly frem g,po pointed out to the government
how. long this war will last and d. wb by a. :
trials it will still impose on the neos et,s
pie; m;sn a sss couple PIE of weeks of rosy opti-
sclearsighted. Even in the East M the the
horizon i is again assuming threaten. elne
ing aspect" 'A s"'oA-
"A clause making it obligatory for
every elector to use his vote has baen
frape nsef 1--WE wnlch is considering the suf-
secret ballot also was approved - '''e
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05
U.S.L Labor Pledges to France
Its LastMan to Win theWar
American Delegation Tours Paris Visits Versailles and
Again Declares Its Determination to See Final
; Victory for Allies in World Conflict

PARIS, May 4.--Thc American labor
delegation now in France made the
usual tourist round of Paris this
morning, visiting the Louvre, Notre
Dame, the Pantheon and other points
of interest.
After lunch the delegates were taken
TO Versailles and spent the afternoon
in that vicinity. They attended per-
formance Of the Opera Comique given
in their honor this evening.
In statement to the press on be-
half of the delegation, Chairman
James Wilson said:
american workingmen want to say
to the French that they recall the
day when Frenchmen came to help
America when she was fighting for
liberty. We want to thank France and
prove our gratitude. We propose to
put at the disposition of the Allies our
last dollar and our last man, if neces-
sary, to chase the Hun from the soil
and lands of France and permit the
and liberty"
Denounces German Workmen
Mr.. Wilson said the nine representa-
tives of the labor party on the delega-
tion We're sent by Samuel Gompers,
president of the American Federation
of Labor, to present to the French
people message of hope and frater-
nal salutation. The speaker repeated
the determination of American work
ingmcn not to enter into contact with
German workingmen until the German
armies had been chased out of Europe
Recognizing the fact that German
workingmen have raised q barrier be-
tween themselves and others, we have
decided" rM. Wilson said, "by a unan-
imous vote that we will not consent
to meet them until they shall have
removed the barrier they raised"
When the delegation reached Paris
last night it was welcomed by Minister
of Labor Colliard on behalf Of the
French government
Minister Colliard told the Americans
they would find the entire French ma
ton at work in the fields, laboratories
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05
Big Concrete Ship OFF
On Maiden / rip 7 o-day
She Will Garry Cargo From
San Francisco to Vancouver
as Test for Longer Voyage
Especial Dispatch to The Tribunc)

Especial Dispatch to The Tribunc)
WASHINGTON, May 4.-The Faith,
the first large concrete vessel built in
the United States, will start on her
maiden voyage tomorrow, with 1000
ton cargo of salt, from San Francisco to
Vancouver, and will return with a
cargo of coal. If the vessel proves sea-
worthy, she will be probably sent to
Australia on her next voyage.
f. K. McMilland and the members of
the committee of concrete experts, who
recently went to San Francisco to in
spe,ct the Faith, will be aboard. They
WI make a SPECIAL study of strain
and wave pressure by means of spe
cial instruments.
The Shipping Board showed conf
dence in the future of concrete ships
to-day when it authorized the con-
struction of another 7,50O-ton concrete
vessel. The contract was let to the
San Francisco Shipbuilding Company.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05
German Deputies
Demand Facts i'm
Ukraine Campaign
Official and Other Reports
Differ Concerning Actions
of Teuton Commander
Spring Sowing Lags
Fighting at Kiev Follows
Overthrow of Government
by Peasants

AMSTERDAM, May L. Dealing with
events in the Ukraine at the meeting
of the Main Committee Of the German
Reichstag on Thursday, Friedrich
Ebert, vice-president of the Social
Democratic party, is quoted in a mes
sage from Berlin as saying that the
official report regarding the actions of
General Won Eichhorn, the German mill
tary commander, did not accord with
reports received from other quarters,
the publication of which had been
stopped by the censor. Herr Ebert and
Matthias Erzberger, the Clerical leader,
demanded that Chancellor Won Hert-
ling appear before the committee and
give the information desired by the
Deputies.
Only about so per cent of the spring
sowing has been accomplished in the
Ukraine. Herr Won Waldow, president
Of the German Food Regulation Board,
has informed the food committee OF
the Reichstag, according to the "Koel-
nische Zeitung."
Fighting occurred in Kiev when the
Ukrainian peasants overthrow the gov
ernment. says the "Koelnischc Volks-
zeitung."
A telegram from Kiev by way of
Berlin purports to describe the events
attending the overthrow of the Ukrai-
iiidu SoVeTIiHieNt. IL says.
"a meeting Of several thousand
peasants from the entire Ukraine took
place on April 20, at which discomfort
with the entire policy of the govern
ment found expression in more or less
incisive form. The most important of
these meetings passed resolution
calling for the overthrow of the gov
crnment. the closing Of the Central
Rada, the cancellation of the const-
tuent assembly convoked for May 12
and the abandonment of land social
zation.
General Skoropauski, the descen-
dant of an old Hetman of the Cossack
Republic, was proclaimed Hetman. He
Immediately proceeded to the square
IN front of the Sophia Cathedral, and
was tremendously consecrated by the
clergy. The Rada, at first weakly pro-
tected by government troops, contin-
ued to sit, but it yielded when the
troops were persuaded to retire for
the sake of avoiding bloodshed.
Apart from some minor fighting,
which claimed few victims, the revo-
luton passed off outwardly quite un-
disturbedly. May l also passed quietly
throughout the Ukraine"
The telegram adds that the arrest
of several members of the old govern
ment, recently reported to have been
effected by the German military au-
thorities, had nothing to do with the
revolution.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05
British Losses
Since March FL
Put at 100000
Hindenburg's Casualties
Reach Staggering Figure,
View in Capital


WASHINGTON, May 4. - British
losses in men killed, wounded, captured
and missing on the Western front since
the German offensive began, March 21,
are estimated here at nearly 250,000.
This estimate would appear to be in
remarkable contrast to the enormous
German losses in the drive. The Ger
man War Office, of course. has not dis
closed to the world whct it's losses in
the great battle have been, but the es-
Inmates of Allied observers have placed
the loss of German life at stagger-
ing figure. From the very nature of
the fighting, military experts have
pointed out the losses of the attack
ers were bound to be heavier than
those of the defenders. But, in addi-
tion to that, the method of German at
tack, advancing troops in waves faster
than machine guns could NOW them
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05
A Word on Pepper

There are no limits apparently to the
candour of the Blockade Ministry in
confessing its faults or those of its
predecessors. Lord Robert Cecil has
no doubt that considerable portion
of the 1,166 tons OF pepper imported
into Sweden in 1915 found its way into
Germany, though, Speaking rather
igsorantly. he believed this kind is not
used for tear shells" That a good
deal did find its way into Germany
seems highly probable. if we take into
account the increase from 21 tons in
1913. 1t is reasonable, therefore, to
conclude that many other increases of
this nature are on record. What hap
pened to tea we know, and it is just as
we'll that the public should bear in
mind how Foreign Office interference
with the work of the navy has helped
the enemy.-London Globe.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05
Federal Intervention Neces-
sary to Avert Strike, Ship
ping Conference Is Told
Training Men an Issue
Carriers Officers Deny Charge
They Refuse to Develop
Sailors

WASHINGTON, May 4.-Government
operation OF all Great Lakes vessels
has been asked by seamens unions in
an effort to avert strike, which union
leaders to-day told the shipping labor
conference was inevitable otherwise.
me seamen are ready to strike, the
leaders sad, because of the refusal Of
'ne Lake Carriers Association to ioin
win the Shipping Board and the union
IN the conference to consider means of
recruiting new men for the merchant
marine and because Of bitterness grow
inG out OF the alleged reputation by
the ASSOCIATION of an agreement made
with the union last year.
Nothing is left for us but to 90 back
and clash," said Thomas Conway. rcn-
resenting the marine frcmen. eve
want 1T understood that we have Of
ieleu the government our cooperation
IN every way and that we are not re-
sponslble for what will happen in tha
near future" '0
victor Olander, of the Lake Sea-
mems Union, said the unions demanded
that the Lake Carriers Association fol-
low the example Of Atlantic shipowners
IN permitting the training of new men.
Ohtll that is done the lakes will not
develop their own men and will con-
nnue to drain the Atlantic Coast" he
said. "The Kaiser captures some Of
the seamcn going east, the Lake Car
west" f'0'As
kilograms from Seattle saying two
american ships were about to sail for
AIiantlc ports under command of alien
of1cers drew renewed protests from
union men against the practice of Civ
ing iorelgners provisional licenses.
captain John H: Prutt, of Seattle, told
the conference he had been assured by
President Wilson that the executive
order permitting provisional licenses
was not intended to permit the replace
ment OF Americans or the use of for
elgners when Americans were avail
able.
The conference adjourned with the
assurance that all the questions raised
would have the immediate considcra-
ton of the Shipping Board.
DETROIT, May 4.-"The statement
attributed to Victor Olander, of the
Lake Seamen's Union, to the effect that
the lakes will not develop their own
men and will continue to drain the At
lantic coast, is absolutely Incorrect"
said William Livingstone, president Of
the Lake Carriers Association.
we have agreed with the govern
ment to take men on all our ships and
train them for seamanship. Further
more, we carry as many as we can pro-
vide accommodations for and without
a cent Of cost to tie government"
illness, he said, had prevented his at
tending the conference in Washington.
he emphasized, however, that the Lake
Carriers Association has pledged it's
fullest cooperation with the govern
ment: eve ain1," he said, "to move
1Oo,oOo,oo0 tons of shipping in the 1918
season."
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05
45 Minutes Days Work for
Sand Hogs 1unnelling to Queens
Pressure in New Subway Excavation 10 Feet Under East
River Makes Life There Nearly Impossible
Work Is Steadily Pushed Forward

Work on the Sixtieth Street subway
tunnel, extending from Manhattan
under Blackwell's Island to Queens. is
now being done under almost unprece-
dented engineering conditions, accord
ing to a statement issued by the Pub
lie Service Commission yesterday,
This is one Of four East River tunnels
In course of construction as part of
the dual subway system.
The work has reached point WHARF
the engineers and "sandhogs," 11O feet
under the surface of the river. have
to work under an air pressure of
forty seven pounds to the square inch,
This is the highest pressure ever en-
countered in compressed air tunnel
work, with a single exception. The
pressure is so great that the men NAV
stay under it with safety only for a
snort snort time. They work in shifts of
forty-fve minutes each, and only two
OF these periods are allowed in each
twenty-four hours.
A pressure of ffty-two pounds was
once reached for very short time in
the construction of a gas main tunnnl
under the East River. The law now
limits the pressure to fifty pounds.
Pressure Is Terrific
An air pressure of forty-seven
pounds means that men are WORKING
under an increase over the normal
pressure of almost 800 per cent
Al forty-seven pounds per square inch
the air exerts pressure of about
6,76S pounds per square foot, or more
than three tons, a pressure so great
that If it could be reduced to terms
OF a hurricane it would be sufficient
to level New York City in an instant
or as one engineer expressed it. "tn
blow the Andes Mountains into the
Sahara Desert" 'A'
The tallest New York bui,d,pr. 80.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05

Planned with an idea of RESISTING .
wind pressure of about thirty pounds :
a square foot, which. however. is far
IN excess of the pressure exerted hv
any gale which in the memory of man
has blown hereabouts. This enormnus
ar pressure is necesstated because
ol the depth at which the tunnel mnst
De Dullt. The channel secured ont"
oSoSl oSo"eSn ne ,ne Two shores for the tunnel
exceeds Tl ioo feet at several points.
The Sixtieth Street tunnel w.s
begun. about two years aeo. .h.ts mas
wi was flrst sunk through the rocj, of
niackwell's Island to the grade of tho
luhhel at that point and the two tuhes
Uere pushed easterly toward the
Queens side and westerly under the
rock toward the Manhattan side 'A'
Tunnel Through Rocks
AT the same time tunnel constrpc-
tio ION was beng pushed in both direc
toward Second Avenue and townnl S,.,,a' 'eah' "a
river. This latter work was haltad ta 'ne as
q q point in the rock under the T;var
oanK. A rock tunnel was bui,t az
teIreiy under BlackwelPs Island and. 60
lar as the rock continued. info ~
east channel. Then tunneline sb;a1do .he
as the apparatus is termed which :,
used in compressed air driven t,n 20
neis, were started from the Oraons on,
side down under the east channel Toh1 nrt;1
tney met and ''holed through s few
mon,hs n, ago into the rock tunnel undar
blackwelPs Island. "''uet
The shields, massive steel struct-
urens, u en = Weighing 12o tons each, were
,acked 1a through underneath the island
"a skids to the west side. from which
tubes toward the Manhattan id s;da ,i' pTsn mha
shields have about TOO feet to o. ha me
Tore holing through into the tube ends
IN the Manhattan shore. Each of tha
,,anway tubes is eighteen feet outside
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05
When Russia Had a Censor

Mazeppa's revolt against Tsardom
referred to in this column yesterday
was taken SO seriously by the govern
ing classes in Russia that until quite
modern times his name was not al
lowed to be mentioned in print. In
1852 dance known as the "Mazeppa''
was fashionable in Paris. When a
Russian newspaper had the improdence
to mention this fact Count Schirinsky,
the then Minister of Public Instruc-
ton, severely rated the chief of the
censorship department for having sane
toned the publication of so objection.
able article.-London Globe.
New-York tribune., 1918-05-05

this point and undoubtedly sav.x J
left flank from possible disasts, u
Private II. G. colrmbine, late J, I
Machine Gun Corps: Owing "a 81
aities Coiumbine took command ,s'
gun and kept firing from 8 o'e,o.l
the morning until l in the after,.
in an isolated and unwired no.;s;j
beating back successive enemv s's ss'a
An attack by low-fying s,s.s
finally enabled the enemy TO ~
footing in a trench on either s;ds :
position being untenable, Colr.xa|
ordered the two remaining men /. j
away, and although bombed from 81
side, he kept on firing the eun i
inficting tremendous losses. 81.
eventually killed by bomb -
blew up both him and the pun -s