davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
thing but clear, thought he was being
cheated out of his nav. He even con-

thing but clear, thought he was being
cheated out Of his pay. He even con-
fessed that he felt no particular 10y
atty toward a country not his own, a
country which he intended to leave
as soon as he could, a country in
whose army he was serving really
against his will. g.
The frank statement Of this fellows
case aroused the keenest interest
among the Italian born soldiers pres
ent and Cudia was called upon to
square the matter. Having investi-
gated a similar "a in the past, Cudia
mediately sprang to his feet and
asked the men whether they knew
English. Many of them admitted that
they did not. He then told them that
many of the draft boards and camp
officials simply could not learn their
names and that because many
European born people who had come
to America to earn a livelihood had
not been willing to learn the English
language they had involved hem
selves in a great deal Of trouble. The
government was not so much at fault,
he told them. as they themselves. He
would be glad, Of course, to help them
straighten out their temporary diff
c%ulties. but as a step toward dolne
away with such difficulties in the fu-
ture. he proposed that they should all
Join classes in English which he
would start for them. s,.
English Glasses Started.
These classes were started and per-
mission was obtained from headquar-
tiers allowing the Italians to hold
daily meetings for the purpose of
reading and speaking English.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
ITALIANS WERE
TAUGHT WAYS
OF AMERICANS
Private in Camp Gave 9th.
ers Information Regard
ing Laws.

Washington, Nov. 2e.-An interest
ing practical experiment in Ameri-
canization has recently been carried
out in the Engineers Training Camp
at Camp Humphreys, Virginia. The
man who conceived the idea behind
the experiment was a private soldier
of Italian birth, Salvatore Cudia by
name. On his W initiative Private
Cudia built up a system OF education
among the thousands Of Italians at
Camp Humphreys which has been in
operation since early summer.
Several years Of experience in the
newspaper and theatrical world had
brought Private Cudia into close con-
tact with many individuals and he
knew especially the psychology Of the
to attract his men was through
giving entertainment, he began. by as
sembling and training a small orches-
ira, the. cost of which was betrayed
out Of his own earnings az regimental
tailor. The first musical program
which he offered to the menewas one
calculated to. attract them and the
Italian born. soldiers at Camp
Humphreys gathered in full force.
AN Experience Meeting.
After the musical program Private
Cudia offered to assist any one In. the
audiente In solving the everyday
problems which beset privates In the
army. knowing the sort Of stories he
was to. hear, Cudia had prtmsd him
self With answers. One private at
once arose and complained Of the
waySin which he believed the govern.
ment was treating him. He had a
wifesand schildren5tn italy: for months
they had received no money from the
Americansgovernment; for someFrea-
SON the allotIients had not bean re-
ceived. The poor soldier. whose un-
derstanding OF the situation wa any
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
HELPING RECONSTRUCTION.

Denver, Colo, Nov 27.-Seven hum
bred Colorado factories and millions
of invested capital are entered
through the Colorado Development
Federation in the world. competition
for reconstruction wares.s demand for
which is expected to be increased
greatly by the conclusion of the war.
A united effort by manufacturers and
business organizations Of all kinds is
being organized to develop as much
as the state of Colorado can to aid
in the rehabilitation Of the world.
One of the chief products which the
federation expects to push during the
reconstruction period is the farm trac1
tor. A contract for four million dol
lars worth was recently signed. This
is expected to be followed by others.
Dehydration of food products, an
industry recently started in Colorado,
is being pushed with a view of con-
tributing all possible aid in furnishing
foodstuffs to peoples of the world who
depend upon the United States for
food. Other projects formulated ara
coal reduction plants which will pros
duce hundreds OF coal-tar by-prod-
ucts, made for the most part in Gert
many, before the war. !
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
THREE BIG GAMES.

San Francisco. CAL, Nov. 81
Three important football games on
the Pacific coast have been arranged
for Thanksgiving day.
The University Of California will
meet Stanford university in the first
""big' game" of American football
played by these traditional rivals for
ten years. The indicated Mare Is
land Marines will meet Camp Lewis
in the north and the undefeated
Mather Field flyers will clash with
Rockwell field in the south.
Unless Stanford shows a miraculous
development Of strength California Is
due for q win ON Turkey day. The
sailors from the Mare Island navy
yard wiped up the Cardinal collegians
10 couple Of weeks ago by so to o
score and. oon thereafter the Mather
Field birds ran up a Of 20 to o
on the S~tanfordites. Stanford has
played rugby instead Of the American
game for a half asdoxen years
California has shown up conAid-
erably better In the games this year,
but the Berkeley lads were defeated
last week Tito 0 by the Mather Field
flyers.
The Pacific coast. championship
will likely be .decided@ December n,
when Mather Field 10 sched1led to
meet the Marines. The flyers plan
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
II PHYSIOLOGY.

Outlook Where do the aviatpprs
get their words? Some OF them are
certainly queer. The glossary OF q
book called Practical Flying" in
lcludes these expressions: .Hoik-
ToAmake the machine climb steeply
and suddenly. Blip-To switch the
engine on and of rapidly. Blimp-
ships. Conk-The engine Is said to
'conk' when It falls. Quirk-Slang
term for pupil. 5Zoom-To ascend;
very steeply."" More understandable
are "sHyn',-slanK name for q per-
son learning to fly-and .'taxytng, =
the uncertain progress Of m airplane
ON the Ground with Engine running.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
Northwestern NeWs
THREE SKATERS
ARE DROWNED
Boys Go Down While
Attempting to Rescue Girl
in South Dakota.

Pierre, S. D., Nov. 2e.-T11ree
young skaters were drowned last
night, in the presence Of scores
Of Thanksgiving merrymakers,
when the Ice on the state capitol
pond .usddenly gave way. The
victims were Miss Marjorie
Starkey, Frank Foreshow and
Lloyd Baker.
Forcshow and Baker were
drowned while attempting to
rescue Miss Starkey. A, dozen
other persons who assisted in
forming Q human chain which
failed to reach the young woman,
broke through the ice but werc
rescued.
The pond Is eight feet deep at
the place where Miss Starkey
broke through.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
DECLARES AMERICA
SENT PEACE OFFER

Copenhagen, Thursday, Nov. 20
Vienna newspapers publish a letter
from Count Czernin, former Austro-
Hungarian foreign minister. explain
ing an alleged American peace offer
December, 1917. He says it was one
OF many cases in which unauthorized
private individuals tried to accelerate
the return OF peace. In this particu-
lar case he says q manufacturer made
,overtures but was unable 10 prove
that he was accredited by the Ameri-
can or any other government.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
CONTRACT IS
HELD VALID
Man and Woman in Differ.
ent States Can Wed by
Signing Contract.

&ra-- y "a NM ry-lk~S
Mlnot n. Dr. NOV. 1S'-ihe ohiteu
States court of appeals has handed
down a decision that a man and
von,., ,,v,n. ~ d,raran4 .+a+a NAV
NN
oecon1e lesaliy 1harr1eo ny eacn o"e
merely signing a contract by confirm
ing the Judgment Of u. s, District
Judge Amidon in the case Of Mrs. e.
r.. Spiers VS.. the Great Northern
Railway Co. Although several states
have recognized the common law
marriage this is the first time such q
marriage contracted between parties
living in different states has been de-
clared valid.
;. Two years ago Edward r. Spiers
was killed in the Great Northern
yards in Minneapolis when a train
crashed into the car OF poultry Spiers
had charge of for a produce COM
pany. He had accompanied the car
from Minot to that city. After his
death it was announced that h had
a wife living in Kansas City. Mo-. and
carried $1,000 insurance in her favor.
The parents OF Spiers, who reside in
Minot, claimed that heir son was not
legally married and commenced an
action in the Ward county court to get
possession OF the insurance money.
h county judge gave a decision in
favor 0f Sninra' wife and this de-.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
E3inot Normal Not To
Reopen Till January |

Minot. N. D., Nov. 2s.-The an
nouncement has been made that the
not reopen until January 1. The clos
ing ban, due to the influenza, will
likely be raised in Minot next week,
but the authorities doubted the wis
dom Of converting the normal students
for a week. or two, as the majority of
the students live at a distance and
would go home for the Christmas
season. vs.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
MAY LIFT BAN.

Minot, N. D., Nov. 29.-The health
authorities contemplate raising the
closing ban in Minot some time next
week. They are waiting for the num-
Der of new cases reported each day
to drop down to ten. The average for
the past few days has been between
- and Is.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
even published, at his own expense, a
booklet Of information so that when
he made an appeal the men should
he in q receDtive mood.

be in a receptive mood.
Many Decided On Naturalization.
When he felt that the proper time
had come, Cudia arranged a large
mass meeting at which the PROPOSE
ton of becoming American citizens
was presented to the men. At this
first mass meeting owe 100 Italians
pledged themselves to become citi-
zens Of the United States. Up to date
over 700 such pledges have been Sc
cured.
Private Cudia feels that his ex-
pertinent has achieved a large meas
ure of success. One of the most
battling problems in the country has
been the reconciliation of the various
dissatisfied elements among the for
eign-born and foreign-speaking SOL
diers in our great draft army. Cudia
is of the opinion that the surest way
to develop love and gratitude for
America and American institutions is
for the United States to see that it's
foreign-born soldiers enjoy every pos
sible moral and material favor while
fighting under the Stars and Stripes.
His work at Camp Humphreys repre-
sents a significant attack upon one of
the greatest problems the nation is
now called upon to face and solve.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
FUNERAL AT FARGO.

Surrey. N. D.. Nov. 2e.-Many
friends attended the funeral services
Of Miss Tossie Young, daughter Of
Mr.. and Mrs. w. S. Young of Surrey
whose remains were shipped to Fargo
there today. Deceased was % years
If g and was very prominent in
church and social circles of Surrey.
Death was due to d complication, Of
diseases.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
ALASKA READY FOR TROOPS.

Juneau, Alaska, Nov. l5.--(By
Mail.)-Alaska is looking forward to
an influx OF returned soldiers seeking
the great outdoors. An editorial in
The Juneau Dispatch on the coming
OF, peacessays: "On every hand there
IL q feeling Alaska will now come I'M
to her own. We expect this north
soldiers looking for the big OUT
Doors
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
MAN KILLED.

Kenmare, N. D., Nov. 29.-An UNI
known foreigner was, killed here by a
500 passenger train Wednesday night.
On his body was found a ticket from
Minot to Portal and it is believed he
stepped off the train and was killed
getting IN again. An inquest has been
ordered by County Coroner Pence Of
Minot.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
FOR DIGNITYs SAKE.

Buffalo Express:, Mrs. Man
Stupid! Why in the world did you
get sAats for Madame Butterfly
when ! distinctly told you I wanted
TO hear 'Pagliacci' ~
Mr.. Man-ssTo preserve my dignity,
woman!s When4I reached the ticket
window I forgot how to pronounce
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
Minot Man,
Is Alive And Well

sMinot. N. D.. Nov. 2s.-Anxiety
over the safety of Sergeant Mulroy, a
Minot boy serving with the A. E. F.,
caused when, Karl Stoudt, another Mi
not boy, wrote: ut is too bad about
poor Bill Mulroy," ceased on Thurs
day when a letter was received from
Mulroy, written after Stoudt's letter
was written. He said he was enjoying
the best Of health. Stoudt's' refer
ence to him cannot be understood
but it is believed now to have refer
ence to a transfer to some other unit.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29

to take on Camp Kearny November
80 at San Diego and may clash with
the Arcadia Balloon on the same
trip. The le~athernecks are to meet
the University Of Idaho November 80
and the naval training station at
come through unscathed the cham
pionship will probably be played in
one of the San Francisco bay cities
December IA.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
FREE VACCINE TREATMENT.

: Minot, N. d.. Nov. 29.-The poor of
this city who are not in a position to
pay the usual fee of Sc for anti-in1u-
enza and pneumonia vaccine will be
given treatments free by the city
health officer, according to an an
nouncement made by the city health
department yesterday.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29

The home fires of Immigration blaze
up at every indication that Germany
Is going to escape the penalty Of rep!
ed countries. !
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29

America raised a considerable part
Of the war COST through taxation, the
revenue and receipts in the fiscal year
1917-18 amounting to $~8,964,7O3, 900.
OF this $2,889,O8S,0 900 represented war
excess profits, and income taxes paid
in June, forms of levy entirely new
in America. - r.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29

Gov. Samuel w. Mccall Of Massa-
chusetts is now being prominently
mentioned as the Republican men,
Der Of the American peace delega-
ton. He has distinguished himself
a. lawyer, member Of congress. gov
crnor anc author Of q number of
eooks and essays on political sub
jects. +.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
Bonds and Savings Stamps.

There were other new measures be-
sides the new methods of taxation
adopted by the United States in meet
ing her war cost. Wal Savings Stamps
We're an unknown government finan-
cial instrument before the war, yet
The public now is so we'll acquainted
with them that up to November / it
had purchased a total of 1925, 600, 900
while the sales continued at the rate
of 500, 00O, 900 a month. y,
The sale Of $16,851,6 99,150 in Lib
erty Bonds also was no small task.
The offerings were spread out over a
years time, but in the same time all
the world vas bidding exorbitant
rates for money. To restrain compe-
tition in the capital market the gov
eminent supervised all security Of
ferings and barred all which were not
absolutely necessary. SO successful was
this that corporate and
municipal financing fell off peltept-
IDLY, with the result that the Fourth
Liberty Loan-the largest piece Of
financing ever attempted-was over
subscribed more than Is per cent.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1918-11-29
STATES
WORLD BANKER
America is Lifted to Posi-
ton of Credit by Great
War.

America energies from the war a
creditor nation. In other words, the
financial balance for the first time in
history is in her favor.
When America entered the war she
automatically assumed responsibility
as the worlds banker. C~reditable to
meet and discharge that responsible
ty she has built up a vast and smooth
running financial machine that now is
without equal. The hugeness of the
sums involved made the building Of
such a machine absolutely necessary.
One authority estimates that the
aggregate monetary cost of the wal to
the Allies was $4,000, 000, 900.
War Costs to Free Nations.
The United States share was ap-
proximately $4,000, 900. The bills of
the other six Allies were:
Great Britain ........$52,00 0, 900, 900
Russla ............. $4,000, OQO, 900
Italy $1,000, 900, 900
Ruman1a ............ 3,000,000,0O0
SERBIA ............, 3,OOO,OOO.00
The meeting of these costs necessi-
tated going deep into debt. They were
forced to borrow during the war in
the neighborhood of $4,000, 000, 900.
This indebtedness, added to the pre-
war obligations means a combined
debt today Of approximately s%115.o0o,-
900, 900.
Debt Far Below Wealth.
These figures seem s~tupendous at
first glance, but in comparison to the
estimated national wealth and annual
income they. are in reality small. A
conservative estimate of the wealth
and annual income of the four ma
tons active at the close of the war,
together with their debt is appended:
(In millions of dollars)
Wealth Debt Income
United States. 300, 900 1889 $4,000
Great Britain. $4,000 10000 1880
France ........ $4,000 10000 5000
Italy ::.:..:..: 10000. 10000 5000
The United States debt now aggre-
gates $~18,8S9,599, $50, against a pre-
wal total Of $1,208,0 00, 000.
Americas Loans to Allies.
1t is we'll remembered, however,
that of this amount, 900,
represents credits and loans advanced
to our Allies and some of the small
states inactively opposed to Germany.
OF this sum 500, 0O0, 900 was ad-
vanced to Italy and $50, 600, 900 to
France after the armistice had been
signed. The total advance to each Of
the Allies follows:
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04
Whitman Makes Bid
For Livingston's Aid
staff Correspondence

ALBANY, Jan. Ex-Governor Whit
man will appoint Marcus B. Campbell
and Charles J. McDermott, of Brook
lyn, as county judges to fill the va
cancies caused by the elevation Of
Lewis j. Fawcett to the Supreme Court
and John f. Hylan to the OFFICE Of
Mayor. He will send in the names to
the Senate Wednesday.
Mr.. Nc cDermOtt is a Democrat, presi
dent Of the Kings County Bar Associa-
ton. This appointment has created no
particular stir among Brooklyn legis-
lators. But the appointment Of Marcus
B. Campbell is regarded as direct
slap at United States Senator Calder
and bid for the support of the Liv-
ingston faction in Kings County.
Senator Calder, who worked with
Governor Whitman last fall in support
Of the Fusion ticket. proposed that
John McCrate be appointed to succeed
Judge Fawcett, who is a Republican.
Governor Whitman decided on Mr.
Campbell, who is Republican leader of
the 10th Assembly District in Kings
and at present a transfer tax attorney
in Brooklyn under State Controller
Travis.
Brooklyn is the home Of Supreme
Court Justice Cropsey, whose friends
are openly engaged in trying to under
mine the Whitman strength throughout
the state to prepare the way for Mr..
Cropsey's heralded fight against Gov
ernor Whitman in the primaries.
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04
Dropping Of Gary Plan to Cost
City $20,000,000, Say Experts
tremendous Expense Said To Be News to School Board
Which, 1t Is Thought, Will Now Adopt a Modified
Form of the Present System

Twenty million dollars would he tho
INITIAL expense OF eliminating the Gary
p'an' rs demanded by Mayor Hylan, ac-
coro'ng to statements made yesterday
by school experts. 1t was not a ram
dom statement, they said, but the re-
suit of careful estimates of the cost
or erecting buildings to house the pu-
pils for whom there would be no seats
II the Gary plan were abolished as a
part of the city's public school system.
Because Of this discovcry-ono that
probably will be news to some of the
Iammany leaders who had urged the
elimination of the Gary plant was
confidently predicted yesterday that
something not unlike the Gary plan
would be adopted by the new board
before tho present plan was legislated
out of existence. A community school.
IN which classes would go from work
shop to desks and from desks to
science study rooms, making it pos
slble to use all of these facilities
throughout the day, was suggested as
the probable solution of the present
dilemma Of the board.
1t was explained that New York to-
day has thirty-five Gary schools. Since
the most important feature of the Garv
plan is the use of the same facilities
at different times by several pupils, q
return to the old plan would necessitate
the erection of several new buildings
IN order to accommodate these pupils.
100000 in Gary Schools
In the Gary schools there are an
proximately 100000 children. At the
conclusion of the last term of school
there were approximately 117.ooo pu.
pills l on part time. The erection Of the
schools that were to have been nro-
vlded with the 100000 already an
proprlated by the Mitchell Board OF
Estimate for new buildings was ex-
pected to accommodate all but II 900 OF
these pupils.
This sum, as originally appropriated
was to have gone into the Gary schools
Schoolhouses of the type of Public
School 29-one of the newst Gary
schools accommodate seventv-twc
classes, instead of but fifty Under
the old plan. The Gary shool is but
New-York tribune., 1918-01-04

four stories, instead Of five; it has one
third more playground space than the
old school; it has an auditorium for
community activities. laboratories and
shops, none of which are to be found
IN the old type of school, The cost Of
each building is the same.
But the new Board of Education, to
carry out the recommendations of
Mayor Hylan, is pledged not to erect
the IN, Gary type Of schools. Should it
build the old type of schools and at
tempt to provide desk room for the
c'ty's constantly increasing army of
school children tremendously in
creased appropriation for new schools.
with an original outlay of $4,000 900,
is declared to be necessary.
IN tins connection it was pointed out
that the expenditure Of such a sum
would require change in the 'city's
plan of financing school construction
from pay-as-you-go to a probable
hfty-year bond issue plan. Such a
change would necessitate the passage
OF legislation for the purpose.
May Modify Gary Plan
because of this situation l believe
that the board finally will come around
to some modification Of the Gary plan,'
said one school official who is con-
vinced that the new system has come
to stay. "The old idea of desk for
each pupil is out Of the question. 1t
will surprise many people who know
that a large number Of pupils here
are on part time because of the lack Of
facilities for caring for them at whole
day sessions, to learn that there now
is larger number of desks in the
city's schools than children. That is
due to the ever shifting population
which makes the congested residence
district Of to-day the childless factory
district Of two or three years from
now.
"The Gary system, am convinced
is the only means of guarding against
the buildings Of big schools where
they may not be needed at all in the
near future"
No action will be taken by the Board
of Education on the building question
for several weeks. it is believed. The
board already has called upon the Con
troller to make a statement of the
available funds on hand for building
purposes. The sum is believed to be
about $1,000,000 Since this is less
than the cost Of two modern buildings
under either the Gary or the old sys
tenn, it will be necessary to await
future appropriations before outlining
any building programme.