The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., 1918-08-09
The World of Finance
BILLIONS NOW SAVED TO MAKE
 NEW BILLIONS FROM RESOURCES

the action on plants of the oil in the fish. When the oil was removed by cooking and pressing the residue no longer caused i'll effects and its val ue as fertilizer was greatly improv- ed. At present crude fish oil is nor mally quoted at about 25 cents per gallon, which more than covers the cost of extraction. It thus happens that in the utilization of fish waste the recovery of the extracted residue or fish scrap, as 1t is known in the trade, often becomes subordinate to the recovery of the oil.
 The principal sources of fish oil and scrap are non-edible fish, as the men, haden, and the refuse collected in canning factories from the heads, tails bones, shells, intestines, &c.,, of edible fish. Non-edible fish furnish the largest supply. The average an nual catch of menhaden for the last eight years was about 50O, 100000 fish, which, with the refuse collect ed in canneries, produced about 60,- 900 tons of scrap and 85,OOO barrels of oil. The largest recorded catch was in 1903, when about 1,OO0, 900, 900 fish were caught.
 Generally speaking, fish scrap con- tains about 8 per cent. each of ni- trogen and phosphoric acid. The presence in fish scrap of a compara- l lively high percentage of two of the essential plant foods makes 1t one of the most valuable of the organized 1 fertilizers.
 Americas largest manufacturing industry is iron and steel. The pig iron recovered in sn1elting iron ore amounts to about 25 per cent. of the raw materials. The equivalent of about IA per cent. is driven off by volatilization in the coking of the coal; in the process of smelting a fur. ther 40 per cent, escapes in gas, fumes and dust; and the remaining 21 pel cent. represents the slag.
 In the early history of the industry little as done to utilize any of these wastes. In fact, until the last decade the most that as done as to utilize to some extent the heat from the fur
 mace. Recently, however, much at
 tention has been given to the utiliza
 t1on of waste, and more advance. ha,
 been made in the efficient operation Q
 II,
 any other industry.
 In 1909, 84 per cent of the cokt in the country was prepared in bee hive ovens and the remaining 16 pc
 cent. in by-product ovens. In 191
 the output of by-product coke in
 creased to 38.6 per cent. of the total
 with every prospect of a still furthe
 increase. In the by-product over
 there is recovered not only the nitro gen in the coal but a great numbe of other by-products, which find yer
 extensive application in the manufac ture of dyes, explosives, drugs an other products. In this process tn l. nitrogen is recovered as ammonia, B combing this with sulphuric acid am monia sulphate Is formed, which T one of the most important sources ( Q nitrogeneous fertilizers. The outpr t in 1915 amounted to PAS, ,0OO tons, an f in 1916, Q 325,o0O valued at abor r $25, 900, ,OoO.
 The economic uses of blast-furnac @ slag have also been greatly develope = the last few years. Formerly tn d was an incumbrance and it's dispos; e was often a matter of considerable e1 5, pense. Of much more vaalue as fel l, tilizer is the slag obtained in the preI l. aration of steel from high phosphol