The evening leader. (Tarpon Springs, Fla.) 191?-19??, 1918-07-27
WITH TOMORROW ENDS THE
FOURTH YEAR OF THE WAR
CONTINUED from page IL

NNIOuSiAA0Cu AAOAA P06N As(
and terms of peace were exchanged.
Mo progress was made with the nego-
tfat;ons, and the conference was brok-
en- up on January IL. In the mean
time, new republic had sprung from
the side Of Russia. 1t was Ukraine,
a territory extending along the Ru-
manian and Galician frontier from the
Black sea northward to Cholm, in an
cient Poland. With this republic the
Central empires made peace late in
January.
The failure of the Bolshevik author
tiles to reach any agreement with the
Germans resulted in the renewal of
hostilities on February 10, and the
German armies moved forward once
more.
Brest Litovsk Treaty.
This brought about renewal of
the peace negotiations, and at Brest-
Litovsk the Bolsheviki were given to
understand that Germany would rec
ognize the kingdom of Poland, the re-
public of Ukraine, the independence
Of Finland and the separate govern
mental status of Lithuania, Esthonia
and Livonia. Turkey, as an ally of
the Central powers, was given a great
area to the east of the Black sea, in
Guiding the regions of Batum, Kars
and Erivan.
With the announcement of the final
signing of the treaty between the Boil
sheviki and Germany, the allies gave
up hope that Russia would remain in
the conflict, and at once began to
strengthen their lines against the
coming of the great German offensive
by which Berlin and Vienna hoped to
force the Entente nations to make
peace.
Rumania Capitulates.
With the greater part of her terri
tory occupied by the Germans, Aus
TRANS, and Bulgarians, with her gov
eminent driven from Bucharest to
Jassy and with the Russian Bolsheviki
openly hostile toward her, Rumania
found herself in a critical situation
Rumanian troops during February and
March advanced into Bessarabia, a
part of the new republic of Ukraine
but they were hemmed in by enemy
forces and obliged to withdraw. Al
last, on May 6, Rumania signed q
treaty of peace with the Central pow
ers.
By this treaty Rumania lost the
province of Dobrudja, on the south
side of the Danube, which she had re.
ceived after the Balkan war, anG
agreed to a rectifcation of her west.
ern frontier. Economic concessions al.
SO were made under pressure from the
Teutonic alliance.
Peace Tentatives.
The period between December 1
1917, and March 1, 1918, may be calico
the period of peace tentatives. 1t is
true that before the end of the sum.
mer Pope Benedict made an appeal tx
the warning nations to enter into
peace negotiations, the basis for pour.
parlers being. the restoration of Bel,
gium and Serbia and the return to
Germany of her lost colonies. This
appeal, made on August 10, was an
swered by President Wilson on August
%, when the president announced that
the German government as constitut-
ed could not be believed and that the
United Ssates was ready to enter into
negotiations when the German people
showed they desired peace and when
they spoke through any authority
which would be representative of
them.
The German answer to the pope's
appeal reached the vatican on Septem-
Der Fl. 1t expressed hope that further
warfare could be averted through the
good offices of the pope, but declined
to enter int any engagement to meet
what the allies had declared to be
their minimum war aims.
German Peace Offer.
German efforts to secure a peace
which would leave to Germany all the
fruits of her victory gained through
Russia's collapse. ard with Belgium
and large portions of France to be
used as pawns at the council table,
began with the address of Count Ger
min, then Austrian foreign minister,
1t Brest- Litovsk, on December 26.
The keynote of the address was gen
eral peace without lamentations and
indemnities.
On January 8, President Wilson, adj
1ressing congress, said that the Unit
I'd States must know for whom the
German rulers were Speaking. The adj
iress was a complement TO an address
yooJo ~, ~, Do1,;J IJox,J