The Nenana daily news., 1918-09-20
VARIED TRADES
 ARE REQUIRED IN
 IN SH|PBU|lO|NG

tile ildil -Siueu ldSh NulCH HluSil of Americas mechanical genius is today engaged as part of the war program, requires mechanics skilled in more than thirty trades besides an army of unskilled workers.
 With a gigantic building program ahead, a vast force is employed along in this phase of war work. Today 300,00 men are at work in the shipyards, with 250,000 engaged in trades that provide material for the shipbuilders.
 Here are the skilled workers who are doing the work on the steel ship: Shipfitters, blacksmiths, rivetters, clippers and calkers, drillers, plumb CTS, pipe-fitters, machinists, joiners, carpenters. pattern makers, found rymen, coppersmiths, heavy forgers, steel metal workers, furnace men. shearers, punchers, anglesmiths, ship wrights, triggers, Hangers, drop forg- CTS, erectors, bolters-up, crane oper- ators locomotive engineers, firemen, loftsmen, painters and helpers in all these trades.
 Sixty per cent of the work on ship is in constructing the hull, and the remaining forty per cent is installing mechanical parts, deck furnishings and other equipment that goes to make the finished vessel
 Obviously, it is almost impossible to single out one craft that is the most important All contribute in making the finished product and without any one no complete ship could result. Loftsmen, however, play a great part.
 Ship plans are first made in drafting room on a small scale. Co., ing to the mould loft-a large build ing with smooth floor of sufficient size to have drawn upon it the plans of the ship to full size-the lofts men fashion the templates or moulds of light wood or paper from which the steel for the hull can be laid off and marked for shearing, punch ing. planning and other operations.
 The moulds are made from three plans that give shape to the ship. These plans, showing the lines of vessel are the sheer plan or side elevation, the half breath plan and the body plan or end elevation. The body plan is most used in making the moulds, for it shows better the shape of each frame, beam and floor plate. The moulds must be ab- solutely correct so that they will join together properly.
 The shipfitter is probably the one metal worker whose trade may be termed purely shipbuilding trade. He marks off the steel material for the parts of the vessels hull, by fit ting the loftsman's mould over the steel. Drillers also play a big part in the drilling and roaming of holes. They are necessary because the rivet holes being punched in shop do not always coincide despite careful work manship. In some cases also holes must be drilled on the ship. The unevenness between holes is removed by roaming, which is merely a slight enlargement.
 Riveters do perhaps the most spec tacular work; the rat-a-tat-tat of their pneumatic tools having a fas- cination reminiscent of the anvil of the village blacksmith. Rivetting holds the ship together, and a ships plans specify every rivet, for each has a certain function. Chippers and calkers trim off or smooth the edges of plates, castings and othe. parts and make them water tight. Shipwrights install the wooden decks, masts spars and booms. Other ship woodwork is done by joiners.
 Ventilation, piping and light metal work is done largely in shop by sheet metal workers. Plumbing and pip ing also is done in shop by plumb