davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14
Bermuda Grass

Bermuda grass is one of the most valu- able as We'll as the most troublesome gI Iasses of the southern states, according to farmers bulletin 945, recently issued by the United States department of ag- riculture. This vigorous growing peren- nal spreads rapidly, making a thick sod which is well suited for pastures and lawns. The same characteristics that make 1t so valuable also render it one of the principal weeds the eradication of which Is essential to the successful grow ing of intertilled crops. The plant has certain natural weaknesses. such as it's inability to, withstand shade and suscep- tibility of the root stocks to winter kill ing, which can easily be made use of in it's eradication, according to the bulle- tin.
 The most wiedly practiced and sue cessful control measures especially III the southwestern states, is combined attack upon these two weak points by alternating summer shade crops, such as velvet beans and cowpeas, with inter- allied crops, such as corn and cotton keeping the soil occupied with growing oats or rye with or without veteh, dur ing the winter.
 Hogs are also useful in eradicating this grass. They are fond of the root stocks, and they will be aided greatly Y Tn Il6a SOOQ WoIk II Niic idiiu io At-Ne plowed. A good system is to graze the land an eitre season, continue the graz ing the fololwing season until midsum- mer, then blow shallow to expose the ot-stocks to the drying action of the sun and the persistent roofing of the hogs.
 Bermuda grass may be winter Killed by exposing the rootstock system te freezing but this method is effective only ill the northern part of the Bermuda grass area, as killing frosts do not ordf- narily occur in the central and southern parts. In small areas, such as gardenf' the rootstocks may be gathered after the land has been plowed, with rake or fork and burned Where only small patches are infested they may be GOV cred with -heavy paper, preferably roof ing paper. which should be weighted down This so completely shades the plants that in about two months they will be killed.
 Bermuda grass was at one time looked -,lpon solely as pest. but in view of the fact that it is exceedingly valuable TO. rastures, hay and lawn purposes, th' plant has been widely utilized through. out the cotton belt and its value IS Tar in excess of the damage which 1t causes.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14
This handy record aids the flock in account keeping

from outside sources. The same ap- plies to feed and home labor. All too frequently the proper recording or these items is not understood and con- sequently they are omitted from the |account book.
 count-keeping of this character not only stabilizes the individual busi- ness, but it also operates to put the en- tire poultry industry on better basis Records are efficient detectives in seek ing out the shirker and loafer hens who merit immediate obsequies at the family table rather than places of inn portance in the egg-laying flock.
 POULTRY BLOCKS BIT good sized flock of laying hens is one of the most valuable assets the farmer can possess. Always there is a, demand for strictly fresh" eggs; always there is "top price" for the commodity
 The unusal conditions now prevail Ii ing and which inevitably must prevail for an indefinite period should stimu- late the farmer materially to increase egg production thereby not only adding to his income, but also supplying an other important cog to the big sus- tenance machins with which America is to food -wallop the Hun.
 VEG GETABLE PROTEIN Among the poultry experiments now being conducted on the government farn, at Beltsville, Md, are q num- Der of feeding tests in which the value of vegetable protein is being compared with beef scrap. One pen of chick | ems fed a mash containing 20 per cent 1 beef scrap produced in five and one-
 half months an average of 63 eggs | per hen. Another pen fed mash con- | sisting of 10 per cent peanut meal /, and 10 per cent beef scrap produced an average of 53.4 eggs per hen during 1 the same period. The hens in a third | pen, which were fed d mash consisting | of 10 per cent soy beon meal and 10 per cent beef scrap, averaged 44.4 eggs for the period. In other pens
 cotton seed meal and velvet bean meal
 were fed as part substitute for beef
 scrap with the result that the hens produced fair egg yield, though not | as high as the hens in the first pen | mentioned
 DRINKING HELPS LAYING plentiful supply of clean, fresh
 water must always be available to
 hens. The fowls drink freely espe-
 cially when laying heavily, and should not be stinted of such a necessaly
 and cheap material as water. The water pan or dish should be kept I clean.
 l In the winter, when the water may
 freeze, 1t is best that the pan be left
 in the house, where 1t should be raised
 about a foot above the floor so thai
 the hens will not kick it full of straw I or other litter when scratching fcl their feed When the nights are colo 1 enough so that the water is likely tC freeze the pan should be emptied eacf
 night and refilled in the morning.
 Considering winter egg production only, exercise is not absolutely essen tial Much good winter laying ha. been done by flocks with very littl- exercise, but such flocks do not usual, lay as well the rest of the year, ant l if management is wrong at some othel
 point they are very apt to have moro ] than their due proportion of deaths
 toward the end of the winter.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14

The two neighboring Alabama coun- ties. Jefferson and Tuscaloosa, the first with an area of 1059 square miles and the latter with an area of 1871 square miles, conducted systematic tick eradi- |cation in 1916 and 1917, respectively. J Jefferson county has, according to the 1910 census, 21,440 head of cattle, 13,- 368 of which were mi1ch cows, the value of cattle being given as $423.173 or |about $1970 per head. During tho ac- Itive tick eradication campaign and to the present time it has been found that there are about 2S,5O5 head of cattle in the county, an increase of approxi mately 33 per cent. The average value per head is today s42.1
 Tuscaloosa county had, according to the 1910 census, 16,4S1 head of cattle, I7676 of which were milch cows, the value of all cattle being given as $244.- | t0b8, or about s14.S0 per head. Dur | ing the active tick eradication cam paign the number of cattle found in Tuscaloosa county was 2,S2S5 head, an increase in number of about 59 per cent The average value per head is at the present time $S1.s7. Jefferson county IS surrounded on the north, east and south by the following named counties ! still remaining under quarantine on account of harboring the cattle tick,
 VIZ: Blount, St. Claifr. Shelby and
 Bibb Tuscaloosa county on the other
 hand is only contiguous to two quaran-
 tined counties, Fayette and Bibb.
 CATTLE WORTH MORE
 Cattle are worth from $15 tp $20 per
 head more in Jefferson and Tuscaloosa
 counties than they are in the neigh
 boring quantined counties and this acts
 as an incentive to the COW peddler"
 to wildcat cattle into these free coun- l ties. This illegal movement of cat
 tie into Tuscaloosa county has been
 pretty well stopped. Why? The courts ] there places fines in such amounts on
 the violators that their profits of $15 10 S4o are eaten up in court costs and
 these men are in business for profit IT, legal movement of cattle into that coun- ty means d stiff fine and cost of court
 Tn Iact, the monthly cost of tivk eradi-
 cation now to the county is about COW tered by the fines assessed these viola
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14
ACTION OF COURTS ON TICKS

tors. Tn Jefferson county at one time nearly free from ticks the illegal move ment of cattle from quarantine coun- ties has caused considerable reinfesta- tion and is on the increase. Why? Out of record of 109 cases. proved viola tors of state quarantine regulations, were fined an average of $5.49. Since the illegal ''cow peddler'' is the initial cause of continued tick infestation and it's attending trouble and expense there seems no reason in justice why he, as we'll as those who refuse to dip ticky cattle, should nota be dealt with strict
 ly in the interest of tick eradication
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14
HELP TO HALT HOG CHOLERA

Farmers should insist that all the stock hogs which they purchase for feeding purposes should be properly vaccinated by competent and consscien- tious veterinarians in orders to prevent the spread of hog cholera, says the United States department of agriculture. Unlike the larger stock yards of the country, which are properly protected by qualified government representatives, many of the smaller local yards are entirely without safeguards against cholera.
 Immature hogs go from the farms of origin mainly because of lack or feed or on account of disease. The pur- chaser who buys such sick hogs on the market for feeding purposes usually in troduces disease into his home herd. To tstimulate production and to con- serve our available pork supply none but vaccinated, immunized, healthy hogs should be maintained in the feed lot If the farmer wishes to aid ef- ficiently in halting the Hun, he should help increase our hog supply by rout- ing disease.
 CARELESS BUYING
 The practice of buying hogs from public stock wards for feeding and stocking purposes, custom which. has been intensifiedjn this war emergehSy' has to a large degree complicated the work of controlling hog cholera. In many cases, owing to improper equip ment for the treatment and disinfec- ton of hogs, new centers of infection have been introduced in communities previously free from the disease, and the moyementef hogs from public stock yards having no supervision, by state or federal authorities and where treat ment for the prevention of cholera IS not compulsory is serious handicap in the fight to prevent the spread of in lection A menace still exists when hogs are bought at local stock yards where hog cholera infection is present the year round and where system sof ldisinfection an dimmunization is either unknown or disregarded.
 POOR METHODS CAUSE LOSS Some losses have resulted from ship ments of stocker hogs even when orig linatlng at public stockyards having government inspection, particularly in the early beginning of extensive move ments of these animals for feeding purposes. Several factors we're respon-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14

forts at stimulating increased produc- ton of meat will be seriously ham, pered. To buy hogs from infected dis tricts, whether stockyards, feeding lots or farm, without the proper pre- caution of immunixation and disinfec- ton. not only halts production. but es- tablishes a likely chance of introduce ing hog cholera on clean farms and desaoying the susceptible animals all ready on the premises.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14

Bookkeeping for farm flock owners is growing in favor Although quality Ieggs are commanding excellent prices, the costs of all poultry feeds are core spondingly high so that It is up to the producer personally to keep. accurate accounts in order to know whether his net returns justifies the maintenance land gradual expanse of his business. In word, all branches of farming are Preaching a highly developed status which necessftates intensive and accu- rate record keeping. Leaks and losses must be eliminated, or at least limited, and this can be best accomplished by the medium of the account book
 Systems of poultry accounting must be extremely simple, while they must not involve too much time The United States department of agriculture rec- ommends some such form of corven- tent record as is shown in the accom- panying illustration. This simple ac- count is confined to one page. so that every item may be seen at a glance. It involves q systematic account of the stock, the eggs laid and sold, amount received fowls sold and amount re- ceived, cost of fowls added to the flock. quantity and cost of feed, eggs used for matching and other purposes as we'll as the cost of hired labor and materials. The columns and spaces for expenses and receipts are clearly indicated by l type faces.
 l AN INVENTORY
 1 The arrangement at the top provides 1 an inventory for all the stock, the num-
 Der of fowls on hand at given time,
 their cost and the cost of additional stock. Assuming that the original flock consists of 545 fowls, that num-
 Der would be recorded on the line ex-
 tended from that caption. Again as-
 sumig (for simplicity using $1 as the
 unit of cost that in March 4 cockeTels
 were bought in September more male
 birds were purchased and in December 1 ? others were secured. The number
 would be pluaced in the lightly printed
 spaces under the proper months follow
 ling the word During" and the amount l paid in the heavier printed space be-
 low the respective months. The in ] lventory, then, would be as follows: 545 fowls at $1 each, $545; 9 cockerels al $l each $9
 DEDUCT FOWL LOSSES
 1 After Total Number of Fowls" would
 follow 545 and after Total Cost oi
 Fowls" 554 and the cost 6original and
 the added) S554 Before this mum.
 Der and amount is entered, of course
 the number of. fowls lost from any
 cause whatever Sshould be deducted. l The egg record is self explanatory | If 100 dozen eggs are sold in January ] that number is placed in the lightly printed box under that month and be-
 meath the heading Number of Eggs
 Sold and Amount Received and the
 price in the box to the right-that is
 the one containing the dollar mark | The procedure should be the same witt reference to the other columns an6 boxes, great care being exercised how lever, to record all receipts in thu Nightly printed spaces and all expenses in those in heavy print.
 1 All chickens and eggs which art lused on the family table should be ac
 counted as sold, and uhould be recorded
 as an expense at the regular marke price, just as if they were purchased
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14

Tho number of sheep in the United States in the years indicated was: 1906. 50, ,s31, ,61s, 1908, 64.631.oo0; 1909. 66,@ os4, ,ooo; 1910, 67,sa1.ooo; 1912 52.s62.- 900; 1913, 51.4S2.000; 1914 4s.71S.0o0; 1915, 4s,45s.o00, 1916. 4s,1s2,ooo; 1917s 4s,4ss, 900. The number in 1850 was l21, ITS. .22o; 1880. 4o.7s5.ooo; 1900. 41.sss.- n65
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14
DROPSY :s,:s BY: ::s ;:,:: !5::

All distressing symptoms rapidly dis General Improvement Is realized. send by mail trial treatment absolutely FREE. Try 1t. Never heard of anything Its equal for dropsy.
 Write to DR. THOMAS E. GREEN Bank BIdg.. Box s0- ChatssyOrth, ca.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14
Food and Farming

Cattle and sheep in Scotland rerna ned practically unchanged in number a t June in comparison with June. 1917, cording to the agricultural returns,
 swine declined per cent on account of
 diminished feeding stuffs.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14

Calculated on the basis of 1ss pounds of sugar per ton of cane, the average of the last seven years, the Louisiana sugar crop of this year had a pros- Hect on October of about 267,00O short ons. The>tverage of the last 10 years gas 2s3,l16 tons, and of the last five
 cars 244,0SO tons.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14

About 24 per cent of the entire hay crop is baled, it is estimated by the crop reporters of the bureau of crop -esti- mates. It is expected that 1S,00O,0o0 bales Of cultivated hay and 2,4ss.9Q0 bales of wild hay will be baled from this years crop.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14

Livestock reporters of the bureau of crop estimates had on their farms 2.1 per cent less cattle, A per cent more hogs,
 and 1.2 per cent less sheep on September
 than on August l, 191S Of the total cattle reported, 51.7 per cent were cows and heifers over 1 year old, 26.2 per cent were steers and bulls, and 22.1 were calves.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14

The United States exported 146 per cent of it's wheat crop in the five years
 preceding the war, IT per cent of the corn, 3S3 per cent of the tobacco, and 691 per cent of the cotton. In the three
 years before the war, this country ex-
 ported II per cent of it's oats crop, A
 per cent of the barley, 2.3 per cent of the
 rye, and 0.5 per cent of the potatoes.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-11-14

The average price of farm horse in the United States, all ages included, de- clined from $145 in 1910 to s131 in 1sl6 In 1917 the average price went up to $132, but in 1918 the fall was resumed and the average price became SIPS. In 1910 the price of a farm horse averaged about 240 per cent higher than the price of a COW; now horse averages only 50 per cent higher.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-07-16
* * * THE COST OF WAR

The London Economist for Feb ruary, says Treasury department statement, places the total gross debt of Great Britain at 5,678,6OO,- 900 pounds ($27, 7,636,O 6,OOO,OOO).
 The French minister of finance in presenting the budget for 1918 es- tlmated the public debt of France on December 31, 1918 at 115,166,- 05S,0O0 francs ($22,227,OOO,O ,OOO)
 The public debt of the Central Powers are estimated as follows Germany $25, s,OOO,OOO; Austria, $13,314,OOO,OOO; and Hungary $5,. 7O4, 4,OOO,OOO.
 Our own public debt is now around $8,OOO,OOO,OOO, but more than half of this amount has been loaned to our Allies and will be repaid us. It is estimated that of the total net expenditures of the United States for the fiscal year of 1918, exclusive of our advances to our allies, more than one-half will be defrayed by taxation.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-07-16
ALLIED TROOPS PLAN LIN HAVING
 SEV OF SPORTS
War Time Substitutes For the Big Olympic Games Will Be Staged
 By Allied Troops.

NEW YORK,-The success of sev- eral minor track and field meets not far from the battle lines in France and Italy has lead to tentative plans for a real international set of amos to be held during the autumn. At present the scheme has only been outlined in a general way but the interest evinced indicates that sur a series of events can be made un- usually attractive in view of the athletic talent available.
 The games, if staged, will prob. ably be held in or near Paris and will include entries from the Eng fish, French, Italian, Canadian and United States army, navy and air forces. Much will depend, of course upon conditions prevailing at that time, but it can be stated without fear of contradiction that if the opportunity is favorable there will be remarkable turnout of athlet talent
 The United States forces abroad include a large number of college and club athletes of prominence in their particular athletic specialities an dthe same is true of those of Canada and England. France and Italy number among their soldiers many men who have, after several years of service, developed remark able physical power and endurance and from these there could be slected performers whose ability on track and field would undoubtedly prove surprise to other competi- tors.
 Under certain conditions such a meet If It eventuateS, might prove wartime substitute for the Olym- pic games, which were scheduled to be held in Berlin during the sum- mer of 1916. The war naturally side-tracked all possibility of these ames and there has not been meeting of the International Olym- pie Games Committee for many months. At the last conference there were tentative requests for the privilege of holding the games in 1920 from Cuba, Belgium and Scan- dinavian countries.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-07-16

your neighbours son, will be sacri- feed in vain?
 "Without doubt you are digging up your little old dollar or $5 freely enough to the Red Cross solicitors, and probably you have done what you are able to do in the matter of buying Liberty Bonds, but are you doing the square thing by your country and by your fighting forces in the matter of food conservation which threatens to make just a slight inroad upon your epicurean and needlessly pampered tastes?
 ''In short, if your boy, after wal lowin about all night in the muddy trenches of Flanders, weakened and emaciated from lack of food of the right kinda condition that may come to pass-should lie down in his cheerless duout for a rest and in his dreams have vision of home, with the family gathered around a table laden with pie, cake, crackers, white bread, pork roast and other restricted foods, wouldn't you feel like criminal? What do you think ought to be done to that kind of stay-at-home stacker,
 'Be patriot.
 Be a real patriot while you are at it.
 "Play the game square,"
The Nenana daily news., 1918-07-16
PLAY IT SQUARE

Claire Besancon, in Blunt, s. D. Advocate: What kind of patriot are you anyway Are you real, honestto- God, dyed-in- -the-wool stand up-for-your-country and the boys abroad, war bread, corn-bread and semi-porkless patriot, or are you of the mean, yellow-backed breed that keeps riht on babying the stom- ach in violation of the requests and regulations of the food administra- ton?
 Do you eat white bread when you absolutely know that the win ming of the war depends upon wheat being saved for export, and that without this saving millions of lives perhaps the life of pour son or
The Nenana daily news., 1918-07-16
NOVEL PLAN SUGGESTED
 TO MAKE IRISH FIGHT
lge of tobacco

DUBLIN.-One of the latest sug
 gestions to assist recruiting in Ire land is that the government confer on every Irishman who has fought in the great war the right to bear letters after his, name-preferably an aditional syllable to be attached to the name-denoting service in the army or navy. The name with it's suffix of honor, would thereafter be borne by him and his decendants.
The Nenana daily news., 1918-07-16
ENEMY FOOD SITUATION

A detailed survey of the food situation in Germany, Austria-Hun- gary, Bulgaria and Turkey, during 1917 recently published by the United tSates Bureau of Labor Sta tistics, based exclusively on laws, de- crees, orders, utterances of public officials and civic bodies of the countries covered and on comments of the daily press and leading econo- mic and trade journals of these countries, shows in general that Turkey is actually starving because of the corruption of her own off cials and the greed of Germany; that Germany and Austria are not starving, but are having very hard struggle to feed themselves; that Hungary is in better shape than either Germany or Austria; and that Bulgaria, so far as food is con- cerned, is suffering the least of all the countries covered. The survey also shows that Germany has failed by wide margin to live up to her reputation for efficiency in her at tempts at food administration, hay ing been obliged to reverse her poli- cies in an effort to remedy in part the fatal results of official blunders. It shows conclusively that the civil populations of Germany and Austria are suffering permanent physical de- terioration from lack of proper food {; that the death rate from tuber- culosis is rapidly increasing; that growing boys and girls are not get ting half the nourishment they should have; and that manual labor CTS are being underfed to about the same extent
 Politically the most interesting thing revealed by the survey is the fact that the traditional hatred be- tween the two parts of the dual monarchy, Austria Hungary, has been manifesting itself in the re- fusal of Hungary to share her com parative abundance with Austria and in the official and public resentment of that fact in the latter country.
 Profiteering, greed, breakdown of transportation, and faulty organi- zation are big factors in the food situation of Germany and her allies.
 Many original articles on the food situation in leading German and Austrian newspapers were at the disposal of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Comments on food ord CTS, their enforcement, and the prac- tical result of their application were available from organs of all polti- cal parties, thus representing every point of view Material relating to the food situation in Hungary, Bull garia and Turkey was much scarcer. Those parts of the bulletin which cover the food situation in these countries are therefore less com prehensive than the parts covering Germany and Austria.
 * *
The Nenana daily news., 1918-07-16

Andrew Nerland, former mayor of Fairbanks, who was on a brief business visit to Nenana, returned to the upper town on the Victory this morning.