The Washington herald., 1918-07-28


vhsrs ~ - - - - -
odsnsivs dirscfsd by HIn1scburr -
AAckensen IN ths summer Of fcIF -
Germans swept fnko Poland s1v.i-
49, Ws e fAr - srsst-Htovsk. s.st 70
rhs in-st.rrsd Aasse-rs.,.s
peduon a. oailipon cana II 80
s aniss hopsd 10 foros ths pSr
-. -ns-.s. snd movs on Constanffno1l~
nuf after s1x months Of bioo6v 49,
Ing the attempt was river uns
me British began svscustin~ G-,r-
on feninsuia on December "A 1e,r
compiet1ng Il the followinr month
ouigA1s having entered the VA A,
tns meanwhile the central pow~r,
set Out 70 crush servfa ana uorfe.
nes.o IN me autumn Of isls. On DE-
cember g lsS, the Danube vss fo-c.'S
ana after q winter o. nehffng 81
Sermans. Austrisns ana Btffx.rs -,
pushed down into Greek mscedoni.
overrunning an Of servia and Monte.
negro ana nearly all Of Albania
Tne IAN g 1915 was marked alan
BY two Important allied campa1ens
IN Turkey. one Of which has con-
tinued under way ever since. The
Russians having suffered defeat on
their western front, turned their at
tention to Turkey and Grand Duke
Nicholas was sent into the Caucasu,
10 direct the operations. Turkish Ar
menia and Persia were invaded.
while British forces were landed In
Mesopotamia from the Persian Gulf.
The object was for both OF these ar
miles TO join hands. but the Russian
drive collapsed with the reyoiutiou In
March. 1s16 The British, slthouFh
beaten at times continued their csun-'
paign. eventually advancing beyond
Bagdad and extending their line.
about 900 miles inland from the Per-
sian Gulf This success has put an
end to the pan-oermans' dream Of an
uninterrupted commercial route from
Hamburg TO the Persian Gulf. Via IN.
Orient and Bagdad railways.
Massed Forces st verduz.
During the early part Of the win
ter OF 1915 Germany had been col.
lecting huge armies and enormouf
masses of artillery north Of vsrdun,
On February q, 1sls. the great Yer.
dun offensive opened with the German
crown prince supposedly In command
Of the Teutonic forces. After .iI
months Of fighting the Germans were
: held and eventually were thrown bach
from the ground they had won astrid.
the Neuse at frightful cost OF blood.
In the meanwhile. Italy had entered
the struggle. declaring war against
Austria on May q. 1873 General Ca
dorna's armies had been gainina
steadily all along the line. and Il be-
gan to look as though they would
break through the whole Austrian
front and take Trieste. II was a wear
AAl
class offensive operations under way,
The irst drive was made in Trentino.
but il fell iat
Three allied offensives were under
way in the summer Of 1916:
/ BY the British IN Artois North
ern FranceD
2 BY the Russians IN Gaiicis
4 By the italians on the Ison1o
front (near Gorizia.)
Ramsnia's War Career.
Rumania was caught In the vortex
| Of the war in August. 1916. She be-
gan with q triumphant invasion Of
Transylvania CHungary), but the
drive was short-lived. A great force
\ OF Germans, Austrians. Bulrars and
| Turks had been secretly gathered By
the German army command. Led BY
| German general stai, Won Macken-
sen and an Austrian archduke, they
| threw back the Rumanians and by
February, 1917. had overrun the great
er part Of Rumania-
Now came the collapse Of the Rus
sian armies and the breaking up OF
the Eastern front, following the Rus
/ sian revolution and the abdication OF
former Gar Nicholas on March L. 49,.
But while events seemed to be favor
| ing Germany in the East. the German
high command was looking with
alarm at the allied preparations in
the West. II was decided to forestan
an allied offensive by means of a
strategic retreat" 50. on March j..
the great retirement TO the Hinden-
burg line began. The Germans gave
/ up 1.SOo square miles Of French soil.
falling back on a 1Oo-miIe front from
Arras to Scissors. devastating the
country behind them
Series Of onensIve<
Since then have been a series Of
offensive operations on the various
fronts that, while they could not be
classed as minor, failed to attain the
magnitude Of grand scale campaigns.
These lasted, with good results for
| the alltes, until the autumn OF ~.
America Is entering the fifth year OF
the war with the highest possible
morale among both her civilian poPU-
lation and her armies. Troops and
supplies are streaming TO Euro?e m
a steady 1ov; great arsenals are be-
ing constructed and the steel mills Ire
turning out unprecedented supplies OF
guns. armorplate and shells. Ship
building has been speeoed up to a de-
gree hitherto thought Impossible.
America 10 In the war to fight until
Germany is decisively beaten, and the
knowledge Of this has buoyed Up he
people OF the entente countries OF Eu-
rope with fresh spirit and new fcrti-
tude. Since this country declared war
on Germany on April 6. 1917, II has
turned from q peace-loving Sommer-
cial land into q nation grimly deter
mined to destroy Prussian militarisn