davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05
MAYOR DEFENDS LABOR.

At a mass meeting held under the
auspices Of the central labor union
Bridgeport, Conn, Mayor Wilson de-
clared that the stories that organized
labor was interfering with the pro-
gress of the war and was demanding
eXOrbitant wages, while "the de-
manding was good" are gross hbels
as working men are not only doing
their part, morally and financially
but they are giving up their own and
their sons lives for democracy. "To
think anything else is an insult to
democracy let alone organized labor
said the mayor.
The principal addresses were made
by w. A. Appleton and Joshua Butter
worth, members Of the British labor
commission, now touring the United
States.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05
FIRE FIGHTERS ASSOCIATION
HOLDS CONVENTION.

The international Association of
Fire Fighters recently held its first
convention inWashington, and elected
Thomas G. Spellacy of Schenectady,
N. " president, and w. A. Smith of
Washington, secretary treasurer.
Eleven vice presidents were chosen
and Pueblo, Col, selected as the 1919
convention city.
The fire fighters were given a char
ter by the American Federation of
Labor at its Buffalo convention last
year. The new organization includes
municipal firemen.
Nearly half a hundred delegates
representing the various city fire
mems unions affiliated with the A.
F. of L., were present. The conven-
tion devoted much time to the ques-
tion of shorter hours and indorsed the
twa-platoon system.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05

The decision of the United States
supreme court in Hitchman Coal and
Coke company versus John Mitchell,
T. l.. Lewis, w. B. Wilson ct. al. is of
greater significance to labor than
any other court decision. The opinion
involves the existence of the organ
lied labor movement. What the ma
tion is concerned with is not legal
correctness of the courts position,
but the industrial policy it would
establish. Can we or any other ma
tion permit the organized labor
movement to be crushed out Of our
industrial life, aye, out Of our civic,
political and social life?
The reasoning of the supreme
court in the Hitchman case is the
fallacy that theoretical legal
equality carries with it Industrial
equality. 1t presumes that the in
dividual miner can bargain with a
coal operator. 1t assumes that if the
coal operator offers employment on
condition that the workers have no
relation with a trade union, he is
free to accept or reject. Though
that be true legally it is physically
or morally untrue. Coercion through
responsibility for dependents and
through need of food is just as real
coercion in the legal sense.
On the other hand, coal operators
have and exercise the legal right to
refuse to employ miners who join
trade union, but have they the
moral and the social right?
Individual rights must be made to
square with general welfare. Even
freedom is regulated by society. EX
ercise of rights whether by employ
ers or employed are tempered by a
sense Of moral responsibility.
Industrial and social necessity has
developed a new group of rights
rights developing out of associated
effort. Those rights alone make pos
sible industrial rights for individuals.
The issue in the miners case, as the
dissenting opinion written by Justice
Brandeis points out, is the conflict be-
tween mine operators to establish a
"closed non-union shop" and miners
who want "closed union shop" The
issue will be decided in the industrial
field.
This situation makes possible ra-
tional method of collective bargaining
because they meet as equals-em-
ployers controlling opportunities for
collective employment, employees con-
trolling collective labor power.
But now the supreme court inter-
jects this principle: Employers may
take from workers the right to as
sociated action; that when an en-
ployer declares that workers can not
obtain employment unless the latter
sign away their legal and morag
rights; that as a condition precedent
to obtaining such employment this
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05
WARK, OHIO, FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 1913
Courts Cannot Indefinitely Bar
Social Progress


surrender of legal and moral rights
must be made, and that when these
workers under the stress of their
needs have signed such surrender,
the right of association to them Is
forever barred. And that the courts
will sustain the employers in such a
contention and will use equity powers
of courts for that purpose.
Any definition Of the nature of jur-
isdiction of equity is necessarily his
torical. Our American system was
originally taken from the British,
which our federal courts followed
very closely. Notifications of the adj
ministration of equity have been in
troduced in many of the states. In
England equity emanated from the
royal prerogatives Of the king to cor
rect law on principles of natural JUS
tice and to protect the weak and de-
fenseless.
Equity is judge-made law neces-
sary to correct the injustice of COM
mon law and the early crude courts.
1t is personal in nature. Originally
the subjects of the king had the
right to appeal to him for justice.
The custom grew up for the king to
refer many of these matters to the
chancellor who was virtually his
secretary. Many Of the early chancel-
lors were ecclesiastics and hence ele-
ments of the Roman law were in
jected into the British. During the
reign of Edward III the court of
chancery ceased to follow the king.
The courts Of equity which supple
mented and corrected the common
law courts of the kings bench, the
common pleas and exchequer, became
the important element in English
justice. The decisions of equity
courts built up principles Of equity
which dealt with trusts, mortgages,
assignments, accidents, and estates,
fraud, notice, equity, estOppel, con-
version and reconversion, adjustment
and liens.
1t has taken decades to establish
the thought that human labor power
is part of a free human being and
therefore is not property. After
years of struggle this thought was
enacted into law by the congress of
the United States which brought into
the Clayton antitrust act the declara-
tion that the labor of human being
is not a commodity OF article Of COM
merce. However, this new thought,
which is a revolutionary principle in
law, will finally establish itself de-
spite precedents and despite the
training of the judiciary which is al
ways some years behind the thought
and the declarations of men and wo-
men who must deal with the affairs
of life and work, and who form their
opinions upon things as they are.
Courts can not indefinitely bar pro-
gress.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05

foreign trade, promote secret diplo-
macy, suppress free speech, SOW inter-
national discord, browbeat labor, pile
up profits, Prussianize America.
The position of world dominance,
coveted and connived at by Germany,
and supposedly vacant after the de-
bacle, is to be grabbed by American
Overlords; and the fate of her
slaughtered millions, is courted for
the devoted slaves of the United
States.
In choosing our representatives in
the next congress, we are choosing
between this program and the one
outlined above.
Socialists, Liberals, Radicals, Non
partisan Leaguers and Labor rep
resentatives should call conference
to decide on some plan Of cooperative
action. Since there is no presidential
candidate and no platform, the situa-
tion threatens worse than confusion.
Reactionaries will slip in where rad
icals fight it out on minor issues,
and this is counted on by the pp-
position.
Political righteousness must pre-
vail Wilson must himself throw
down the gauntlet by raising the cen
sorship and saving for the fight the
remnant of the untrammeled press.
FOR THE HONOR OF AMERICA
IN THE COUNCIL OF NATIONS!
Tampa (Fla) Citizen.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05
MAIN "KNOW HOW" is AXED.

That the government is determined
to clean up the Hog Island ship yard
situation is indicated by the dismissal
Of Managing Director Dwight P.
Robinson, who has been receiving a
salary of $4,000 a year. The de-
posed official is also president of the
American International Ship Build
ing Corporation, which will make a
profit of between $6,OOO,OO0 and ST.
100000 for possessing the "kno how
of building ships, although this is
the first venture of these business
men.
1t is intimated that other "know
hows" will feel the ak, because of
their refusal to accept responsibility
and their failure to produce results.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05
THE COLUMBUS FIREFIGHTERS
ORGANIZE.

After two years of hard work on
the part Of Organizer Dougherty and
a number of the city fremen, local
union of the men has just been organ
lied at Columbus, Ohio, under the
sanction of the American Federation
of Labor. The charter will be issued
under the newly organized Inter
national Association of Fire Fighters.
The Columbus fire fighters have
tried to get results through the local
city government at various times, and
readily saw the necessity of banding
together so they could act as a unit
in getting results.
The organization means much to
the city of Columbus, as the many To-
cal union of fire fighters throughout
the United States will bear witness.
1t means better discipline and more
efficiency in the department, because
mind.
They hope to secure the two pla-
toon system which has been granted
in many cities and is making the de-
partments more efficient. The citi-
zens of Columbus can rest assured
there will be no strike of the men, as
the business of the local is obtaining
results through action of the lawmak-
ers of the state and city, and in our
state is always subject to the vote
of the people through the referendum.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05

the companies treat their employees as
free men and women.
Of great aid to the telegraphers'
movement is public opinion, and citi-
zens generally should be informed of
the methods employed by these COM
panies to keep their workers in sub
lection.
In Jacksonville, Fla, Western
Union has discharged 20 of its en-
ployes who are suspected of being
friendly to unionism, and the tele-
graphers point to this incident as one
more application of the company's in
timidating policy.
Unionists are urged to make it clear
that there will be no strike on April
%, but there may be lockout. If a
lockout does occur, it will be because
the companies deny their employees a
right that is recognized by the gov
ernment and all real Americans.
The telegraphers say that bad work
ing conditions are maintained through
terrorism, and instant discharge is
meted out to any one who suggests
organization.
1t is now proposed to boldly declare
on April % that democracy in this
calling must exist, and that telegraph
ers have the right to organize and
that they purpose to exercise that
right. Unionists everywhere are urged
to assist these workers by making
public their grievance.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05
WORKERS CAN ASSIST UNION
TELEGRAPHERS.

The Commercial Telegraphers
union has set April % next as the
date when every worker in this cal
ling will openly declare his right to
join a labor union.
These workers will challenge the
spy system maintained by the West
ern Union and Postal, and every or
ganized worker and trade union
should assist them by demanding that
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05
MEN SHOULD SKIP THIS.

A little girl wrote the following
composition on men:
"Men are what women marry
They drink and smoke and swear
but don't go to church. Perhaps if
they wore bonnets they would. They
are more logical than women, also
more geological. Both men and wo-
men sprang from monkeys, but the
women sprang further than the
men."-Ex.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05

The Teamsters Union of Westville,
ILL.,, has secured so per cent increase
for all classes of work.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05

An eight-hour day with a wage in
crease has been gained by the
Plumbers Union of Vineland, N. J.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05

The organized painters of st. Louis
have raised wages 1912 cents an
hour, making the new rate rs cents.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05
MAY CHANGE THRIFT STAMPS.

Because of complaints that some
postmasters decline to exchange
thrift stamps for war savings certifi-
cate stamps, the post office depart
ment has called attention to the law,
which provides that postmasters shall
accept thrift stamps in payment for
war savings certificate stamps, when
rendered with the required amount
of cash, regardless of where pur-
chased.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05
LABOR NOTES.

The Brewery Workers of Dayton
have invested 500 in War Savings
Stamps.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05

The union label signifies merit in
an article to which it is attached, as
it guarantees good, clean workman
ship, as we'll as sanitary conditions
and fair treatment by employers.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05

The Typographical Union, Laramie,
Wyo., has raised wages $4 a week.
The new scale is $27 for day and $50
for night work.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05

The merchant who advertises in the
Leader will appreciate your patronage.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05

INVEST IN THRIFT STAMPS
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1918-04-05

All shops in Wheeling, w. Va,
have signed an agreement with
Tailors Union No. 246 granting an
increase of 10 per cent over the pre-
sent scale.
About 400 clerks employed by the
Kroger Grocery Co. in st. Louis are
on strike for increased wages, better
conditions and recognition of the
union.
The manager of Wheeling box
factory has been arrested and fined
for employing Is year old boy with
out a permit from the school au-
! thorities.
| About $500 men, women and boys,
employed at the tobacco plant of the
Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co., st.
Louis, have suspended work to en-
force better working conditions.
After six-weeks' strike organized
carpenters of Beaumont, Tex, have
secured new agreement which in
creases rates from 621a to rs cents
an hour for journeymen and from rs
to 871a cents for foremen.
Painters Union No. 935, Tulsa,
Okla, is conducting a nationwide
campaign in behalf of home and
pension for these craftsmen. The
project will be voted on at the July
referendum.
The union label signifies merit in
j Il
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1918-03-29
POTATOES PUT BACK ON
LIST OF SUBSTITUTES
Food Administration Announces New
Ratio for Wheat Flour Pur.
chaSeS.

Potatoes were officially put back
on the -four substitute list this week
by Federal Food Administrator
Charles Hebberd, the $3.50 rule
being modified to permit the partial
use of potatoes in the proportion of
four pounds of potatoes to one pound
of -four substitutes with -four pur-
chases.
Flour sales shall be on the fol-
lowing basis" said Hebberd:
with each pound of -four pur-
chased there shall be sold one pound
of -four substitutes. The purchaser,
however, may exercise the option of
buying with each pound of flour one
half pound of the authorized substi-
tutes and two pounds of potatoes.
For example, with a 49-pound
sack of -four the purchaser may buy
PAN pounds of the authorized sub
stitutes, but in that event he shall
also purchase SO pounds of pota-
toes"
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1918-03-29
CATCHING MOLES NEW WAY OF
BUYING THRIFT STAMPS,
Skins of Common Variety Sell for
From 40 to so Cents-Spring Is
Time to Trap Them.

In connection with other season
able matters that are pressing for
consideration just now, County Agent
c. Fl. Bergstrom calls attention to the
fact that there is no better time than
the present for getting rid of the
mole pest in gardens and fields.
These little animals are very active
in spring and early summer and are
easily trapped then.
The market for American mole
skins, developed within the past year
through the efforts of the United
State department of agriculture, has
recorded a recent rise. Prime skins
of the common Townsend mole of
Western Washington are now quoted
at 60 to 40 cents each. With many
farm boys and others who have op-
portunity to do little trapping, this
market will help to solve the prob
lens of filling the Thrift Stamp book
and getting rid of the pest at the
same time. Thus the mole skins will
bear interest and the benefits of food
conservation plans will not be offset
by the injury to root crops and seed
grains in the ground, for which the
mole is responsible.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1918-03-29
COUPON BONDS AVAILABLE
Will Be Ready for Cash Buyers in
Third Liberty Loan Campaign.

Announcement was made this week
by the state central committee for
the Third Liberty Loan that coupon
bonds will be available to supply the
requirements of all cash subscribers
in small amounts. This, of course,
will not apply to registered bonds,
which will not be received under 60
to 80 days from date of application.
Solicitors in the last campaign re-
ported meeting great difficulty on the
part of many prospective purchasers,
who wished to see tangible evidence
of what they are buying. Owing to
the heavy burden on the bureau of
engraving and printing, the bonds of
the second issue were considerably
delayed. In this campaign, how
ever, the bonds will be ready almost
from the start.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1918-03-29
WAR STAMP SALES
TOTAL 81 MILLION
WASHINGTON THIRTEENTH IN
LIST WITH PER CAPITA OF
S1.15; NEBRASKA LEADS.

Washington, paired with Nevada,
ranks thirteenth among the states of
the Union in the per capita purch-
asses of War Savings Stamps for the
months of December, January and
February, according to the treasury
department announcement of total
sales of $94, 100000 for the period
since the campaign was inaugurated.
This total shows an average of SO
cents per capita in sales. Nebraska
leads with total of $4.39 per capita,
Missouri coming second and Kansas
third, though Missouri leads in to-
tai sales, with $9,O15,8S0 to her cred
it, as compared to only $7,9O7,764
for the wealthy state of New York
and $7,006,45O for Pennsylvania.
During the first three months resi-
dents of the state of Washington
bought s1,SO5,88O.44 worth of
stamps, or $1.15 per capita. Nevada,
with the same per capita, took only
$12S,022.49 worth of stamps. Ore
gon is higher in the list, standing
eighth with an average of 1924,
though her sales are considerably less
than Washington's, being $1.O73,-
S45.25.
South Carolina stands at the foot
of the list, with an average of only
Is cents per capita.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1918-03-29
TELLS HOW SCHOOL
CHILDREN GAN HELP
MADOO URGES ALL TO BUY AT
LEAST ONE THRIFT STAMP
EACH WEEK.

WASHINGTON, March 29.-In an
appeal to the boys and girls of Amer
lea to enlist in the army of workers
and savers for the nation, Secretary
of the Treasury McAdoo points out
that if every school child will invest
25 cents week in government thrift
stamps, the treasury will have &c.
100000 a week, or $300,OOO,OOO a
year, to help pay the cost of the war.
Mr.. McAdoo, in his address to the
boys and girls, says:
II want to enlist you as volunteers
under the colors, to help the govern
ment put the whole strength of the
nation behind our gallant fighting
men.
"Our soldiers and sailors must
have countless cargoes Of food and
munitions. They must have q great
fleet of ships to carry these cargoes
across the Atlantic.
ITO perform this great task. cost
ing every day millions of money and
the labor Of millions of men and
women. the nation must have the
help of every one of you.
1T is splendid opportunity that
you have to do your part in winning
the war. Try each day to find some
useful thing to do-help at home in
stopping waste and saving food and
all the materials now so sorely need
ed-be workers and savers for the
nation.
when you receive money, if only
a few pennies, lend it to the govern
ment by the purchase of Thrift
Stamps. Twenty-Five cents a week
from every one of you will bring into
the treasury six million dollars a
week-three hundred million dollars
year-to buy food and munitions
and ships to win the war.
will you enlist in the army of
workers and savers? America is
counting on you!"
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1918-03-29
substitutes may be required later, the
food administration warned.
Summarized, Hoover's new de-

substitutes may be required later, the
food administration warned.
Summarized, Hoover's new de-
mands are:
l. Maximum consumption of wheat
products to be l " pounds per week
per person.
2. Public eating places and clubs to
limit each guest to total OF two
ounces per meal of breadstuffs, &C.
reals, pastry and war wheat prod
ucts combined. Customary wheat
less Mondays and Wednesdays to be
continued.
8. Retailers to limit -four sales to
town customers to one-eighth of a
barrel, country customers to quarter
of barrel at any one purchase and
equal weight of other cereals to &C
company sale.
A. Bakers to deliver y pound loaf
where 1-pound loaf is being sold.
Bakers to restrict wheat -four pur-
chases to 20 per cent of average
monthly purchase.
5. Manufacture of wheat products
for non-food purposes to cease en-
tirely.
Voluntary cooperation of the pub
lie is relied upon wholly in effecting
these regulations.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1918-03-29
HOOVER CUTS WHEAT
RATION SOME MORE
ORDERS MAXIMUM OF POUND
AND HALF WEEKLY PER
PERSON.

The American table must respond
to the world crisis and again cut its
consumption of wheat products.
Herbert Hoover this week issued
his expected regulations limiting
wheat consumption to ~ pounds
per person per week-about so per
cent of normal. AS military
measure. this saving amounting
to 21,O00.000 bushels per month
must be accomplished until the next
harvest.
In addition to requests for sharp
voluntary conservation steps, bakers
were ordered to increase wheat -four
substitutes to 25 per cent April IA.
Twenty per cent adulteration is now
required. Still greater percentage of
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1918-03-29
OFFERS CHEAP TREES
Statewide Experiment to he Con-
Quoted by Forestry Department.
WASHINGTON STATE COLLEGE,

WASHINGTON STATE COLLEGE,
PULLMAN, March 29.-With the
opening of spring will be inaugu-
rated statewide experiment in the
planting of trees and ornamental
shrubs by the forest department Of
the State College, in which trees and
shrubs of all commonly used varie-
ties will be sent at small cost to
persons desiring to try them in an
way.
The work is directly supervised by
A. D. Decker, head Of the forestry
from whom lists for Sc
lection may be obtained. The costs
cover merely the expense Of produc-
ton and shipping. being no more
than 5 cents and no less than ] cent
for any of the trees named.
Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1918-03-29
Examination for Forest Clerk.

The United States civil service
commission announces that an exam
ination for forest and field clerk will
be held in this city April 20. A
knowledge of bookkeeping, typewrit-
ing and stenography is required. The
examination is open to women. Per-
sons who desire to compete can OBJ
tain full information from the Sec
rotary of the board of examiners at
the local postoffice.
Jackson County sentinel. (Gainesboro, Tenn.) 1914-current, 1918-06-27
COUNTY, NEWS
BY STAFF CORRESPONDENTS.

day, Esq. Eula McCoin ohiciat-
ing. We wish them a long and
happy life.
Bedford Xix, wife and daught-
er, Daffo, are visiting Mrs. Hix's
mother, Mrs. Gaines.
Robert Snecd and wife visited
Haywood Gaines and wife Friday.
Mrs, Johnnie Meadows visited
Mrs. Ellen johnson Sunday.
Mrs Ebie Keith is visiting Mrs
Sarah Lee.
sam Allen has typhoid fever.
Geo. Gaines and family spent
Saturday night with Mrs. Mary
Gaines.
Mrs. Jose Meadows is visiting
her daughter, Mrs. Robt. Mont
gomery in Gainesboro.
JB Gaines is still hoeing to-
bacco.
Robert Sneed killed a copper
head snake within six feet of his
door.