davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09
V FIRE
LOSSES
By the u. S. Department
of Agriculture

Millions OF dollars worth OF agri-
cultural wealth is destroyed by fire
each year in the United States. At
normal prices and with an average
yield II would take the %eater part Of
the potato crop Of the country TO Off
set all that is lost annually through
fires on farms. This is a lead loss
to the nation-for the fact that most
individual losers are partially reim-
bursed by insurance does not in the
least reduce the drain on our national
resources-and II is a loss that is large
ly p~reyentable.
The problem OF fighting or prevent
ing fire in the country districts is a
most serious one. for organized fire
prevention work such as has been de-
veloped TO a science in many cities is
practically impossible in the country.
Some fires on farms may be unavoid-
able, but a great many OF them could
be prevented by a comparatively small
amount of time intelligently applied
by the individual farmers In the study
of conditions which are likely to cause
fire, and by placing simple and mex
pensive fire-fghting equipment in con-
venient places about the farm build
ings.
The farmer should study his build
ings and their contents from the point
Of view of the fire inspector of the
city, whose sole business is to see all
the things that can be done TO I'm
prove conditions so that fire cannot
easily start, and to determine tho
best ways Of fighting any fires that
may start. He should remember that
any preventive or protective measures
which he may take are for his w
benefit, and that protection sufficient
to prevent a fire is cheap as com
pared with the loss entailed by the
average farm fire. Every building or
set of buildings has certain points
which are more susceptible to fires
than others, but adequate protection
must be provided for the entire prem
ises before the owner a be sure that
some weakness due to oversight or
neglect will not neutralize the good eff
feet Of all the work previously done.
Most farmers carry fire insurance
on their buildings and contents suff-
cient partly to repay for any losses
that may occur; but this insurance Is
paid from premiums which are nothing
more than a tax collected from the
policyholders for this purpose. The
loss occasioned by a serious fire is
such that very few people can afford
to be without fire insurance, but at
tention Of the prevention Of fire
would result in reducing the number
Of fires, and, therefore, the rate of pre-
miums necessary to cover the fire
losses. This would be felt quickly in
mutual companies which are owned
and managed by the policyholders
themselves and In which the premiums
are fixed by the actual losses.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09

bees. In such an average season an
apiary of 100 colonies may gather nee
tar equivalent TO 22h tons of honey
where the Honey crop" or surplus
honey will be only 215 tons. That 100
colonies of bees can find nectar sufi-
cient to make 221a tons of honey with
in a range Of about two miles gives
some idea Of the amount of sugar avail
able in the form of nectar. This
amount doubtless is much below the
actual sugar at hand, for when nectar
is flowing freely bees do not get IL al.
Furthermore, in many places more
than 80 pounds Of surplus are obtained
and often more than 100 colonies can
be kept proftably in n place.
In the face Of these facts il is regret
table to find so many beekeepers who
fail to get even the small percentage
which belongs TO the beekeeper. There
are parts of the United States where
in hollow logs or plain square boxes
in which combs of bees cannot be
handled. There are few parts of the
country where the box hive Is not
found and probably one-third of all the
bees in the country are so housed. In
this case both equipment and manage
ment are poor and the energy of the
bees is misdirected. Even Of those
who keep their bees in modern hives
of movable frames the vast majority
do not get the full crop. BY failing
to control swarming by providing In
sufficient room for storage or by lack
of proper care in winter their crop
is often reduced one-half or more.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09
Pigeons Cost Less
Than Any Other Soldiers
In Service of Uncle Sam

Someone has calculated that II costs
Uncle Sam about $1,000 to train and
equip a soldier and make him ready
for the firing line. In the United
States army at present, notes the New
York Herald. there is one little war
rior who costs just 5 cents at the
outset and needs only a few cents
more a day for upkeep, but who, be-
cause OF proven efficiency, is now
slated for a trip to France and a
place in the fighting line.
The little soldier was one Of the
homing pigeon exhibits of the United
States government entered at the re-
cent poultry show in Madison Square
Garden. II was originally the prop
erty of Maj. Frank J. Griffin, who sold
IL to the government for the nominal
price Of five cents. Major Griffin is in
command of the pigeon section of the
army. and because II Is not customary
or proper for Uncle Sam to compete
for prizes, he entered the bird and
had the satisfaction of seeing 1t carry
off the first award in its class and
also the blue ribbon for the best young
hen homer in the show.
Than the government homers no sec
ton of the show attracted more gen.
eral attention. Officers from the ar
mics of Great Britain and France
we're especially interested In the ex-
hibit, and a khaki-clad warrior APP
preached Major Griffin to explain how
on n occasion on the western front
his life and that Of his entire battalion
had been saved by nothing more than
a little homing pigeon, which had got
out with its message telling of the pre-
carious predlcament OF the soldiers In
the front trenches and enabling re-en-
forcements to be hurried mp just In
the nick of time.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09
LIQUID SWEETS
BY PARCEL POST
Average Distance 654 Miles in
Experimental Shipments by
Bureau of Markets.
LOSS IN THREE SHIPMENTS
Tin Containers With Screw Cap Found
Satisfactory for Sirups and Honey
Urge Only High-Grade Prod
ucts Be Shipped.

Producers and consumers may find
post for marketing sirups and extract
ed honey, according 10 a statement
from the bureau of markets, United
States department OF agriculture. Elk
perimental shipments of maple, cane,
sorghum sirups, and extracted honey,
made from many parts of the country
over many different mail routes, have
shown the possibilities of marketing
these products by parcel post. A total
Of 1894 trial shipments were made over
distances averaging 654 miles, a much
greater distance, it is pointed out, than
sirups are likely to be sent by mail.
OF these shipments only three showed
any material loss Of contents because
Of seepage or leakage and this was due
to unusually rough handling.
Tin Containers Used.
Two types of tin containers were
found satisfactory for parcel post ship
ments Of sirups and honey. Both
types have screw caps and are pro-
vided with outer cartons of corrugated
paper board. The screw caps contain
snugly fitting pieces of cork that cover
the opening in the cans when the screw
caps are properly closed. AS a protec-
ton to the screw caps, squares Of cor
rugated paper board are placed on top
of the cans beside the screw caps.
Such packages properly wrapped and
securely tied. marked fragile" as re-
CURED by the postal regulations for
packages containing liquids, will carry
without danger of leakage in the mails.
Hioh Cost Of Containers.
While the cost of containers is high
nj the present time, there are doubtless
many cases In which parcel post mar
keting would be desirable and economi-
cal, as sirups and extracted honey are
good substitutes for sugar. Sugges-
lions on obtaining customers and con-
Quoting business with them by parcel
post may be found In Farmers Bulletin
p22, parcel Post Business Methods"
In order to retain customers, say the
specialists, 1t Is necessary that only
high-grade products be shipped, as the
principal incentive to buying by parcel
post is to obtain products Of high
quality. Persons desiring further par
uculars In regard to shipping sirups
and extracted honey by parcel post
may apply to the bureau of markets.
United States department of agricul-
ture.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09
BOY
IF
Conducted by National Council OF the Boy
Scouts OF America.)
SEA SCOUTS TO BE FORMED

The sea scout branch of the Boy
Scouts of America has been placed I'M
der the direction Of James A. Wilder.
The lure Of the sea is as strong to
the boy as the lure of the wilds. For
the first time he is to have n chance
to smell the tar and oakum and feel
the swaying deck beneath his feet,
even though he may live in a sandy
desert.
The chief sea scout has introduced
n new note into s~couting-the idea OF
giving every scout a definite job with
definite duties. Under his system there
is no general rush for the axe and neg
lect of the shovel. Every scout does
his part of the work and together they
do IL all-whether it is launching a
boat or cooking a meal.
AS in the navy, every scout in the
boat will have a specially and n rating
based on that specially. He will have
certain gear in his charge and will re-
ceive special instruction in the han.
ding and the care Of the same.
1t is not absolutely necessary that
there shall he water i'm or near II town
where the sea couts are to be organ
lied. though not to have at least a
hOrse-pond will be II handicap. Jour
neys TO n%avigable water must then be
undertaken or crew ano skipper will
stick at the boat grade, and interesting
but dry-land class Of work and games.
1t will be permissible TO change a
room into a ship" In this case the
stairways will become 'gangways," the
windows ports" and "skyllghts," and
everything will be kept shipshape.
The United States navy department
has been interested in sea scouting for
a number of years, and some troops OF
sea scouts have had the use of navy
equipment. including boats. Instruc-
ton has been given In some cases by
instructors from navy yards and navy
vessels.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09
Community Kitchens cannea.


Community kitchens, where surplus
vegetables and fruits are canned uD
der cooperative arrangements, were
operated last year in Ohio, Peasants.
Kenawha, Jefferson, and. to some ex-
tent, in other counties of West Vir-
ginia. The kitchens were supervised
by the home demonstration agents OF
the extension division of the state
university.
In the city Of Charleston, where a
kitchen was opened in July. the num-
Der who brought products to be can
ned increased from SO women during
the second week TO several times that
number in a short time.
Supplementing the work OF the
Charleston kitchen are about Is vol
unteer ONE who, under the super
vision Of the home demonstration
agent Of Kanawaha county, established
temporary field kitchens i'm the rural
communities, to which the women
bring their surplus vegetables and
fruits.
AS a result of this effort, large guam
titles of food were conserved, much Of
which would otherwise have beea
wasted.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09
FEEDING SCRAPS
TO THE CHICKENS

BY feeding kitchen scraps to poul-
try the last bit of waste of human food
may be converted into good fresh eggs
or meat, as may be desired, says the
u. S. Department of Agriculture.
Fowls will eat all the leavings that
are in edible form. BY special prep
aratiOn some things not adapted to
human consumption become valuable
feed for poultry. Fresh bones, crush
ed or ground, are a delicacy for them.
They will eat considerable amounts Of
the parings of all kinds of vegetables
If these are given in such form that
the birds can swallow them readily.
Many poultry keepers save parings,
cook them with small potatoes and
other waste vegetables, and fed mixed
with meals.
Not all kitchen waste, however,
makes poultry fed. The skins OF
bananas, oranges and lemons are not
edible and should not be mixed with
scraps that are to be fed to poultry,
for the birds leave such stuff, and as
IT accumnlates II makes the place
where the they are fed look slovenly.
Coffee grounds, and tea leaves I'm small
quantities are not Objectionable, but
in large quantities should be disposed
of separately. Fat meat in large pieces
should not be put with scraps for poul-
try because a hen car swallow a much
larger piece of fat than is good for
her. By cutting waste fat In pieces
no larger than one would cut for him
self at the table, and by making sure
that the fat does not exceed 10 per
e Of the scraps fed at one time the
dangers in feeding IL are avoided.
The best way to save kitchen waste
for poultry is to keep a one-gallon Jar,
of glazed or galvanized ware, with a
cover in a convenient place, putting In
10 this scraps of bread, cake, and meat
from the table, remnants Of servings
of vegetables, cereals. pies. buildings,
etc, and whatever waste from the
preparation of meals Is suitable to
combine with these things In a mash.
Once a day the contents Of the Jar
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09
Care Makes Bees Efficient.

Because of lack of attention fully
half the bees now kept In the United
States are virtually useless to their
owners and consequently Bookkeeping is
often condemned as Improbable. Prob
ably In an average season for the
United states as a whole the surplus
money obtained by good b~eekeepers
scarcely will exceed so pounds to the
colony. Assuming that 400 pounds 10
the average needed by a hive to main
tain Its existence during the year. this
50-pound surplus represents then only
one-nInth OF the nectar gathered By the
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09

benefits OF camp life under the most
favorable conditions and In the most
economical and efficient way.
He will define and maintain regula-
tons for the conduct of camps for boy
scouts and will be specifically charged
with the supervision of all boy scout
camps and enforcing the minimum re-
quirements prescribed for leadership,
facilities, program, sanitary arrange
ments and menu.
Doubtless the anticipation Of camps
and outings attracts to the movement
for its indoor program more boys and
leaders than all other features COM
bined. The very origin Of the scout
movement was In response to the
great need OF an organized program
which would take growing boys from
the city out into the open air under
wholesome influences, developing In
them qualities inherent in the life OF
the pioneer, which the boys Of today
have little or no opportunity to acquire.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09

II a c~ondensary is within reasonable
distance the creameryman sometimes
can sell his skim milk there. Very
few creameries, however, are so situ-
ated, and the largest opportunity for
the creameryman TO divert skim milk
and buttermilk into channels Of hui
man consumption is by the manufac-
ture of cottage cheese, says the United
States department of agriculture.
This product is easy TO make and util-
ICES skim milk and good grades Of
buttermilk.
Cottage cheese is one of the impor-
tant meat substitutes. 1t contains a
larger percentage of protein (the chief
material for body building) than most
meats and furnishes this material at
a lower cost. In every pound of cot
tage cheese there is about one-fifth Of
a pound of protein, nearly all of which
is digestible. Meats, on the other
hand, usually contain less protein and
besides have a certain waste, such as
bone and other inedible material. A
pound of cottage cheese daily would
supply all the protein required by the
ordinary adult engaged in a ~sedentary
occupation.
The following table shows that cot
tage cheese is much cheaper than
meats in furnishing protein for the
diet.
For supplying protein, 1 pound Of
cottage cheese equals:
1.27 pounds sirloin steak.
100 pounds round steak.
1877 pounds chuck rib beef.
1.52 pounds fowl. ,
LAC pounds fresh ham.
LA pounds smoked ham.
1.5S pounds loin pork chop.
1.31 pounds hind leg of lamb.
1.37 pounds breast Of veal.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09
HYMN TO THE NIGHT

l heard the trailing garments OF the night
Sweep through her marble halls!
/ saw her sable skirts all fringed WY
light
From the celestial wallis
1 felt her presence, by it's spell OF might
Stoop DER me from above;
The calm. majestic presence OF the nighs
As of the one l love.
/ heard the sounds of sorrow and delight.
The manifold. soft chimes,
That NIL the haunted chambers OF the
night.
Like some old poets rhymes.
From the cool ~cisterns OF the midnight air
My spirit drank repose;
The fountain of perpetual peace flows
there
From those deep cisterns foes.
o holy night! from thee I learn to bear
What man has borne before!
Thou layest thy finger on the lips OF care,
N they complain no more.
Peace! Peace! orestes-like I breathe this
prayer!
Descend with broad-winged flight,
The welcome. the thrice-prayed for. the
most fair,
The best beloved night.
-Longfellow.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09
CAMPING CHIEF FOR SCOUTS.

The national council of the Boy
Scouts of America has recognized the
Importance OF camping as fundamen-
tai to the movement by providing for
a new department of camping. l.. l..
Mcdonald, Of Chicago, is the chief.
The camping director is responsible
for the development Of plans, programs
and literature for the help of char
tered troops and local councils in Civ
ing boys an opportunity to receive the
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09
! ,426, 900 Women at Work;
Replaced 1,413,0OO Men,

An increase Of 1.426.O00 in the num-
Der of women employed since 1914 IL
shown in figures announced by the bu-
reau Of labor statistics.
The greatest increase was in indus
tries which took in $4,000 more wom-
en-, but the largest proportionate in
crease was 214.O00 additional women
taken into government service. Women
have replaced 1,413,OO0 men since 1914.
Industrial and government work
have taken 100000 women formerly
employed in domestic service or In
dressmaking.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09

In addition TO protein, energy for
performing body work must be fur
nished by food. AS a source Of en-
ergy, also, cottage cheese is cheaper
than most meats at present prices. The
following table shows the comparison
when energy is considered.
On the basis of energy supplied, 1
pound of cottage cheese equals:
s 1-3 ounces sirloin steak.
ia ounces round steak.
11A ounces chuck rib beef.
1913 unces fowl.
5h ounces fresh ham.
5 ounces smoked ham.
6 ounces loin pork chop.
z 1-3 ounces hind leg of lamb.
12% ounces breast of veal.
A yield of 10 or more pounds Of cot
tage cheese from 100 pounds of skim
milk can readily be obtained, or a mix
ture of two parts skim milk and one
Of buttermilk will give the same re-
suits. The wholesale price On most
established markets varies from Az
cents a pound during the early sum-
mer to Z cents during the winter, the
1917 price showing marked increases
w former years. When making as
much as 800 pounds a day the total
cost of manufacture, including labor,
coal, power, water, packing (tubs), and
depreciation on equipment, is from 8
to 10 cents a hundred pounds of skim
milk.
IL is quite evident that the can
eryman is in position to make his pa
irons a good business proposition. In
most sections he can offer them a CASH
market for their skim milk at a price
at least equivalent to the value OBJ
tanned from feeding to animals.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09
Newest Notes of Science.

A new automobile clock is
kept wound automatically by
electricity.
japan is cutting away its for
ests at a rate Of 100000 acres
a year.
Oil Of citronella will restore
the color to most shades Of tan
or brown leather.
Less than one-ffth Of SPANS
coal mines are officially record
ed as productive.
New hosiery Is made I'm
rights" and "lefts" to at the
feet and ankles more snugly.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09
HOW MANY FARMERS
ARE COOPERATING

Farmers cooperative purchas-
ing and marketing associations
now number about $4,000 with
about two million members and
do an annual business estimated
at one and one-half billion dol
lars. On the basis of the value
of products handled the elevator
associations lead, followed In or
der by fruit and produce organl-
cations, and creameries and
cheese factories.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09

Boys who want TO help their nation
win this war will devote their next
school vacation to victory work on .
farm. helping a farmer feed the hsht-
ers. Get In touch today with the u. a.
Boys working reserve. or your county
agent. Or your state agricultural co..
lefeL
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09
SENATE PAGES ARE SCOUTS.

In the Virginia senate the pages are
organized as a troop Of boy scouts.
This is the first scout troop ever
formed in a state legislature and was
requested by Clerk Hanger because ne
had seen the results of scout work In
his own home. Amherst, Va. He was
determined rhat the best code for the
pages In the Virginia senate would be
the scout law and oath.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09

should be turned into a pail of apprO-
pirate sizes and as much ground feed
stuff mixed with them as can be stir
red in with a strong iron spoon or a
wooden stirring stick. The amount
and kinds Of ground feeds to be used
will depend upon the quantity of wa
ter with the scraps and whether any
particular article predOminates.
The Yale expositor., 1918-05-09

Sugar IL extracted from 10 varieties
Of palms that grow In Ceylon.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1918-08-07

Mathis, duplicate of which is pos
sessed by the War department and
also by his relatives here. In addition,
diagram of the burial place has been
prepared and is now in possession of
Lieut.. Evan Mathis.
How the death of his brother af-
fected Lieut.. Evan Mathis is best eX-
pressed in the statement in his letter
to his mother, the substance Of which
is that 'As l stood there by the grave
OF John ! re-dedicated myself to this
cause for which the world is fighting.
the cause of right. am proud, moth
er, to be one of those fighting for our
cause; am proud of the death John
died; proud that am his brother
and proud that I am your SON.
Enclosed with the letter was a
bunch of pressed flowers taken form
the grave of Lieut.. John Mathis and
plucked by his brother and sent to
lis parents here
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1918-08-07
CALOMEL ROBBED Of
NAUSEA AND DANGER
Medicinal Virtues Retained and I'M
prOyed-Unpleasant and Danger
Gus Qualities RemOyed-New
Variety Called "CalOtabs"

The latest triumph of medical sci
ence is a purified calomel, known as
"Calotabs." The old-style calomel,
as all doctors know, was the best and
most generally useful of all medi-
cines. The new variety, known as
Calotabs, is purified and refined from
all Objectionable qualities, and is
most delightful in effect
One Calotab on the tongue at bed
time a swallow Of Water-that's all.
No taste, no gripping, no nausea, no
danger Next morning you awake
feeling fine, with a clean liver, a pur-
flied system and a hearty appetite for
breakfast Eat what you please.
There is no restriction Of habit or
diet. CaIotabs are sold only in orig
inal. sealed packages; price, thirty
five cents. Your druggist recon-
mends Calotabs, and will refund your
money if you are not delighted with
them.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1918-08-07
DETAILS OF DEATH
OF JOHN MATHIS

Continued From Page One.)