davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14
TESTIMONY AGAINST
 |. w. w. LEADERS ON TRIAL
Soldier Was Promsied Protection if
 He Evaded SeIective Service Act.

Chicago, May 13.-An American sol dier, Jokn Byra, of Franklin. x. J.. testified at the trial of 112 Industrial Workers of the World today that d representative of the organization promised him and his fellow men pro- lection from the authorities if they evaded the selective service act. Byra's testimony formed a link in the chain of evidence by which the gov ernment seeks to prove that a nation wide conspiracy to disrupt America s war plans was entered into by leaders of the organization.
 Private Byra testified that John Avilla, a defendant and organizer of numerous strikes in New Jersey, Massachusetts and New York while in Franklin furnished him a Boston, Mass. address, "He said to report at the address and I need have no fear of military service" said Byra.
 Defense counsel sought to show the testimony was part of a conspiracy against Avilla which it was declared resulted in him being hanged by a mob in Franklin last summer until he was nearly dead.
 Parts of correspondence from Avlila to William D. Haywood and other of- ficers relative to progress in strikes were read into the records over ob- jection of the defense.
 Marie Coppens, stenoerapher for Avilla at Boston. Mass. identified let ters submitting his reports to Hay wood. "When I was put out of Fall River. a big fire broke out in the mills" Avilla notified Haywood early in 1917
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14
INCREASE IN FREIGHT
 AND PASSENGER RATES
Of at Least 35 Per cent. to Meet High.
 CT Cost of Operating Expenses.


 Washington, May 19. Estimates made today by railroad administra ton officials indicate an increase of at least S5 per cent. in freight and pas senger rates will be necessary this year to meet the higher costs of fuel, wages, equipment and other operating expenses, now set at between $600,- 100000 and $75O, 100000 more than last year.
 Recommendation that rates be raised by approximately this percentage has been made to Director General Me Adoo by his advisers. He is expected to act within the next six weeks. Shippers will be permitted to appeal to the interstate commerce commis- sion under the railroads act and final decision will be with President Wilson The proposed increase would be the largest in the history of the Ameri- can railways. Both class and commod- ity schedules would be affected
 Rate experts of the interstate com merce commission and the railroad administration now are at work on new schedules.
 Passenger fares would be raised un- der the plan suggested to about three cent sa mile from the existing general rate little less than 3 1-2 cents The proposed increases, it is esti- mated, would yield about $500 O,00O, ,0O0- s700,O00,000 in freight and $20O, 1000, 900 in passenger revenues. This would l leave a margin above the estimated increase in operating expenses event. ually, but since the new rates would not go into effect until the year is half over. their yield would fall sev- eral hundred million dollars short of meeting the anticipated deficit this year.
 It is roughly estimated by railroad | administration officials that the roads this year will spend between $500, ,000,- 900 and $350,OO0,0OO more for wages than last year; between $120, 900 ,O0C and s150, 0,000,000 more for coal: and between $1S0, 100000 and S250, 900, ,OOG more for cars, locomotives, rails, ties terminal facilities, barges for inland l waterways, and other supplies and equipment
 The estimate of increased wages is based on the probability that the di- rector general will approve a genera scheme of higher pay for workmen ir accordance with railroad wage com missions recommendations which call. ed for an addition of $500, 900, 900 to the
 $2,000,000,000 payroll of last year.
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14
Success of Liberty
 Motor Questioned
BY LEON CAMMEN, AN AUTOMO-
 TIVE ENGINEER
BECOMES OVERHEATED
Claims Basic Effectiveness In Let ter to Senator Brandesee, Which the Latter Has Presented to the Senate-Entire Change Necessary.

Washington May 13.-Success of the Liberty motor was questioned by Leon Cammen, q New York automo- tive engineer. in a letter Senator Bran degee of Connecticut today presented to the senate.
 Basic Dfectiveness.
 Overheating of the motor in the Bristol plane, he said indicates basic effectiveness of design that cannot be corrected. It was not discovered on the testing stand because the test "is designed so as to make the discovery of this fact impossible" Cammen as serted.
 An Entire Change Necessary.
 A bigger radiator, the engineer said, would change the distribution of weight. and require an entire change of design which might make the power insufficient.
 Tt is unfortunate for our fighting prospects that in the production of aircraft, engineering methods are per mitted which would not be tolerated in the manufacture of milk bottles, Cammen's letter said.
 Politics Detrimental.
 "As an engineer, I am deeply sorry that the entire matter of the Liberty motor and plane production is being handled as a political question of ve- racity between various individuals in stead of matter of technical records and tests'
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14

Since the decision to scatter Ame-- lcan battalions or regiments in alliee forces was made only because of ttis cry for man power from both the Br:t- lsn and French governments when the German onslaught was battering the lines in Flanders and Picardy. officials here were inclined to find the tone ,of the announcement now attributed tc the war cabinet distasteful. The whois American programme in France has been subject to revision by reason oi that decision, the effect of which was to set aside national pride and the am bit-ons of American officers of hlgh rank in order to furnish immediate aid.
 There are other questions agitatine officials here which the Ottawa report served to bring to light For one thing. American army officers for the most part are convinced the American army never will reach it's highest efficiency
 under either the French or British army systems. The relations betwee1 the officers and men in each army are things peculiar to each army. The7 cannot be transposed from one to the other.
 In the opinion of many officers here. the time is fast approaching when American officers from the other side should be relied upon for the training of the American army. rather tha veterans of trench warfare from the French and British services. If America is to contribute largely
 to the ultimate defeat of the German army they hold. she must contribute something more than man power: s1s
 must contribute to the working cut of a new theory of operations which will bring victory as trench warfars has not done. For that reason they | feel it would be a mistake to lose the
 dash and initiative of the America
 army in over training for trench ac- ] tiOn
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14
GERMANY IS PLANNING
 NEW SERIES OF U-BOATS
Realizes That America ard the Allies
 Have Mastered the Present Type.

Washington, May 13. = Realizing America and the allies have gained the mastery over the present type of sub- marine, Germany now is said to bs planning a new series of big U-boat cruisers with which she hopes to again assume the advantage in her unre- stricted underwater warfare.
 Announcement of the new German scheme is made by Georges Leygues. the French minister of marine, in an interview received here today in an official despatch from France. M Ley gues declared the allies are ready to meet Germany's new efforts.
 Just how effective has been the war against the U-boats is shown by fig- ures on destruction of allied shipping given to the naval committee of the french chamber of deputies Saturday by Minister Leygues.
 The monthly average of destructions this year, is given by M. Leygues. is 3150O0 compared with more than 500.- 600 tons monthly in 1917 In April of last year, the first month of Germanv's s unrestricted submarine warfare, the tonnage sunk was S71, 900. In Aprilfi Of this year, it had dwindled to about 26S, 900.
 On the other hand the destruction of SuDnlITln6S IS eAce6ulIlS II6lr CO1SlFuC- ton by the enemy and the margin is expected to increase as additional American destroyers which now are being turned out rapidly take their place with the warcraft operating in the war zone.
 The total of allied shipping desIroy ed in the first four months of 1918 was placed by Minister Leygues at 1, 262.34 tons Snd even if the submarines are able to maintain this rate. which officials doubt the years total would be something like 3.700,000 tons, or less than the estimated amount of tonnage which the shipping board believes America will produce during the year
 Adding to American production the output in Great Britain, France and Japan. the allies would gain for tie year something like 100000 tons, nc! counting the 100000 or none tons of chartered Japanese and Norwegian ships and requisitioned Dutch vessels
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14
LITTLE OPPOSITION TO THE
 oVERMAN BILL IN HOUSE.
Its Passage Today Has Been Forecast
 by Administration Leaders.

Washington. May 13.-Passage by the house tomorrow of the Overman bill proposing blanket authority to the president to reorganize govern ment departments, was forecast by administration leaders in congress late today after four hours of debate on the long pending measure.
 Republicans joined with democratic members in support of the bill in to- days debate, the opposition contenting itself largely with interruptions to speeches. Chairman Webb of the ju- dietary committee told the house the opposition came from the same mem bers who wanted a war cabinet last year.
 Representative Card of Ohio. demo- crat. speaking in support of the measure, said the bill gave no more real authority to the president than he has under existing law. but merely proposes additional powers for CO., ordination. Representative Longworth of Ohio interrupted to express the be- lief that enactment of the bill would give the president the right to trans fer the powers of the war finance cor poration to the secretary of the treas ury and to give the secretary author ity to spend all of the funds appro- pristed in that act. Representative Gillett of Massachusetts, acting re- publican leader. said he believed it would give the president the right to transfer the functions of the attorney general 10 the chairman of the war industries board.
 Representative Osborne of California and Morgan of Oklahoma. republi cans. spoke for the bill and appealed to the house to give President Wilson all the powers he needs in the prose- cution of the war.
 Representative Fess of Ohio, repub- lican. contended the bill should be amended to exempt the interstate commerce commission and the fedora reserve board. Representati tive Walst of Ohio, republican, argued that the measure would be unconstitutional anc Representative Gould of New York republican. urged an amendment tC create a separate aircraft department independent from any other branch ot the government.
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14

Washington, May 13.-American off cers were inclined tonight to char acterize reports from London via o. tawa ttat American troops would no. be used until complete and power full American army had been develop ed i1 France as an echo of the politi- cal controversy precip;tated in ET g. land by the incident of General Maurice. They could see no other ex- planation since the statement attribut ed by Lord Reading, British ambas- sador here, and later declared by Sec cretary Baker in a formal statebent to be at absolute variance with tie facts as known here.
 Lord Readings statement said he was confident no such announcement hPd been issued with the knowledge of Premier Lloyd George, adding that the views of the British government whi"f he was transmitting were exa ctly op- posite. Secretary Baker said Amer ican troops now were being used in battle and would continue to be used as the supreme commander, General Foch, deemed best.
 Inquiry at the various bureaus ot the war department showed the eX peditod movement of men to France is proceeding as planned after the an nouncement that American units { would be brigaded with French and l British divisions for immediate oper- 1 ations as well as training.
 In view of these developments. il was felt that an explanation must
 come from the British capital. It is
 known some question as to the way I'
 which American aid is to be employee 1 ho I-aic in I i fic:als there feeling the use of Amer i ican troops should be restricted a
 this time in favor of American su .' plies: while others dwelt upon the UT gent need of man power as the frs eonsidera ton.
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14
NAVAL RADIO SCHOOL
 ON CAMBRIDGE COMMON
Is Considered a Military Necessity by
 Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Cambridge. Mass, May 13.-The use of Cambridge Common as a site for barracks for naval radio school stu dents is a matter of military necessity, according to Franklin D. Roosevelt, assistant secretary of the navy, and who considered today a protest from citizens against the plan. He said it would also be necessary to make use not only of the Common but of land belonging to a private estate and part of the Andover Seminary land More than 4.200 students are enrolled at the school at present.
 This is not merely . matter Of finding enough land to put up quar- ters to house the men" said Mir. Roosevelt. but additional land is nec- essary for school buildings and for drill and recreation purposes"
 After his conference with the citi- zens' committee MT. Roosevelt went to Fresh Pond where he and other members of the Harvard board of overseers reviewed for Harvard re- serve officers training corps. Later he visited naval stations and shipyards- about Boston. .
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14
STATEMENT BY ATTORNEY
 GENERAL GREGORY
Says Action Was Taken After Long
 Consideration of the Case,

Washington, May 1S. Attorney General Gregory has authorized the issuance of a presidential warrant for and the internment of Count James Minotto under the- presidents proc lamation relating to German alien ene- mieS
 Action was taken by the attorney general after long consideration of the case. which was referred to him af- ter the department of labor had re- fused to order the deportation of the count. In the meantime the count has been at liberty on/bail
 Man of Tangled NationaIities.
 Count Minotto is d man of such
 tangled nationalities that he comes near to being a man without coun- try His father was an Italian of avowed pro-German sympathies and his mother was noted German act
 ress. He was born in Berlin and edu-
 cated in the banking business in Ger many.
 When the European war broke out he was employed in German bank in London. He came to the United States and took out first naturaliza- tlon papers here, but never completed the naturalization process. Previous Actios in the Case. The bureau of naval intelligence, l whose request that Minotto be deport- ed was refused by the department of ! labor on the ground that Minotto had ! neither broken any United States laws nor threatened to do so cited as facts supporting it's suspicion that the | count was a German agent, that he
 maintained a mysterious private office l at his Long Island home and employ led a private secretary, although his salary as representative of a New York bank in Argentina was compara l lively small. Minotto's friends ex-
 plained that his wife was wealthy and 1 that consequently he was not forced | to live on his business income. l The department of labor referred the case to the department of justice | suggesting that if Minotto were as dangerous as the bureau of naval in-
 telligence maintained, he might be in- termed.
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14
PRELIMINARY TRAINING FOR a
 DRAFTED MEN IN BOSTON.
Plan Proposed by Military Training
 Camp Association.

Boston. May 13.-Preliminary train ing of men drafted into the national army. will begin here tomorrow night. Under a plan proposed today by the MilStary Training Camp association the Boston public safety committee will organize companies of drafted men in the various city wards. These men will be drilled in the fundamentaIs of military training by United States marine non- commissioned officers and officers of the state guard Officials of the public safety committee said they expected that within two weeks S0,0O0 draftees would be taking the, preliminary training.
 The movement to drill the drafted men was started by the Training Camp association recently in St. Louis, and Boston is the second city to adopt the plan The association hopes to extend the idea to all large cities through. out the country. 'sr
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14

Cermany's resumption of the -gigan- tic offensive against the allies on the west front has not yet materialized. In various sectors there have been local operations which have no bearing on the situation as a whole. But along the entire front there is a quiet that rcirht be encouraging were it not for the fact that the Germans are known to be moving up men and materials for a new move in ;he mighty drive launched on March 2l.
 Field Marshal Haig's report makes special note of activity by the Ger man artillery north of SerTe. This little town is situated behind the Teu- tonic lines north of Albert and marks the apex Of a triangle the base of which in the line between Hebuterne and Bucquoy.
 For several weeks military experts have been watching developments in this particular region for the reason that it is the logical point from which the Germans may be expected to launch great turning movement against the Arras sector. During the early days of April, when the allies made a final stand on the line which they at present hold, the Germans centered their fiercest drives on He huterne and the wooded hills to the south and southwest. They failed to advance further and later lost ground 10 the allies at this point.
 The country 70 the west of Hebu- ierne is quite hilly, with many steep ridges which afford admirable defen- sive positions. To the north and the northwest, however, the country is moderately level, with long undulating ridges whcih might be stormed read fly by heavy masses O. troops.
 Field Marshal Haig mentions. too, considerable artillery fire to the north of Kemmel, but this has been a re- Eion where the cannon of both sides have been roaring for weeks.
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14

The southern portion of the British font also has been under heavy fire from the enemy guns, and this may indicate the Germans are getting ready for new effort to reach Amiens.
 On the rest of the western front the reports tell nothing of interest as re- vealing the true situation
 Since the Italians captured Mont Corno on Saturday morning the Aus trians have tried in vain to regain this commanding peak south of Asiago, but have been met by stern resist 3nce.
 In Mesopotamia the British forces have progressed further up the Tigris and have captured Kirkut, pursuing the Turks for twenty miles to the northward. The British now arc six ty miles east of the important ctiy of Mosul the site of the ancient city of Ninevah and the crossing of numerous caravan routes.
 Ukrainian reports tell of the cap- ture by the Germans of Dowager Elm press Maria F'eodorovna and Grand Dukes Nicholas Nicolaievitch and AL exander Michaelovitch, who have been living in straitened circumstances in the secluSion of their estates in Cri- mea, which now is overrun by the Germans.
 Emperor Charles of Austria, accom- panied by his foreign minister and military leaders, has called on Elm peror William. The report of the meeting says there was complete ac- cord" in their discussions of the pres ent and future relations or the coun- tries.
 The Ukrainians are said to be very cool toward the new government set up by the Germans iI that country while t.le Llthuanians are demanding the absolute independence of thei1 country, with a monarch chosen iron some neutral state, instead of Ger man prince, which has been said tc { be the programme there.
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14
TO CONFER CITIZENSHIP
 ON ALIENS IN ARMY
Special Terms of Court Are to Be Held Near Camps and Cantonments.

Washington, May 13.-In coopera- tion with the army general staff, the naturalization bureau of the depart ment of labor set in motion today, carefully prepared plans to secure speedy enforcement of the act ap- proved by President Wilson Saturday night which almost immediately will confer American citizenship upon 123,- PIT aliens now in the national army, in addition to many thousands in civil life.
 Arrangements have been made with the department of justice for the hold ing of special terms of court adja- cent to the camps and cantonments before which the army candidates can appear without loss of time.
 Civilians eligible for citizenship un- der the terms of the new act are ex- pected to make application to the clerks of courts to complete their pa pers. Such applications will be cer- tified to the bureau of naturalization, which is allowed 90 days to examine each case before the courts act.
 Army officials are desirous of hav- ing all men eligible naturalized at the earliest moment so they may be sent overseas with the divisions to which they are attached. They now are be- ing held.
 Alien soldiers in the cantonments and national guard camps will be ma | turalized first. Then attention will be given the two hundred or more smaller camps.
 Of the men in the national army affected by the law 46 732 have taken out their first papers. The present citizenship of the remainder is ae follows: -belligerents 49,206: neu-
 trals 11:2O6; countries allied with enc
 my 1902; Austria Hungary 13,233; Germany 92S
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14
S6,0oo,9oo LOAN TO NEW
 YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD
Made by the Central Trust Company
 of New York. at Per Cent.

Washington, May 13.-The Central Trust Company of New York has agreed with Director General McAdoo to loan the New York Central Rail- road $6,000,O00 for six months at s Der cent. per year interest. or one per cent. lower than terms which the rail- road company had been able to ob- tain, the railroad administration an nounced today. The proceeds will be used to pay off obligations maturing this week.
 The director general was inform ed by the company" said a railroad administration announcement, that the best terms on which the money could be obtained at this time would be seven per cent. pe~ annum. The New York Central was advised that a seven per cent rate on collateral n"+es of this character was not justi- fled, as such a transaction would have the effect of encouraging high rates for money. The director general thereupon made inquiry Of the Cen traI Trust Company Of New York as to whether it could arrange to place the s6,000, 900 needed by the New York Central for six months at six per cent. per annum interest. anG was promptly informed that the Central Trust Com pany would gladly provide the funds on the terms suggested.
Norwich bulletin., 1918-05-14
500 MEN FOR FOURTH
 OFFICERS TRAINING SCHOOL
To Open at Camp Devens Tomorrow
 Names Have Been Announced.

Aver, Mass, May 13.-The names of more than 600 men who have been picked to enter the fourth officers training school to open at Camp Dew ems Wednesday were announced today. It is planned to make the school the larest yet conducted here. In addition to the selected men of the cantonment, a number of college men will be hent here to study for commissions and 1t is believed the total enrolment of the school will be approximately 900. Eff ty men who railed to receive commits sions at the last school have been rcc- commended for another course.