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The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10
Good Spud Recipes

Potato Souffle-4 cups hot mashed po- spoons milk. l teaspoon salt A teaspoon pepper. yolks of 2 eggs whites of 2 eggs beaten stiff
 Mix all but the whites of the eggs In the order given; beat thoroughly, fold in the stffly beaten whites. pile in q baking dish and cook until the mixture puffs and is brown on top.
 Plttsburg Potatoes-l quart potato cut in cubes, E pound milk cheese, 1a can pimentos, l onion, cups white sauce tuse barley flour for thickening), 1a tea spoon salt.
 Cook potato cubes and onion finely chopped in boiling salted water min utes. Add pimentos cut in small pieces and cook minutes; then drain Turn into oiled baking dish and pour over white sauce mixed with cheese and salt. Bake in moderate oven until potatoes are soft.
 Potato Puffs-2 cups mashed potato. cup grated cheese, , eggs, F cup milk. teaspoon salt
 Add the milk to the potato and beat until thoroughly blended Add the beat en egg and salt, gradually adding the grated cheese. Bake in greased tins or ramekins in a slow oven. Potato Fish Loaf-1 pint mashed po- tato, 1 cup chopped cooked fish, tea spoons salt. ? eggs, F teaspoon pepper, # cup milk, ? tablespoons fat. Beat the entire mixture and place in creased baking dish; set in second pan containing hot water and bake in the
 oven until firm. Serve witr tomato sauce.
 Oak Hill Potatoes-Slce cold boiled po- tatoes and hard boiled eggs. Lay in al ternate layers in baking pan with fine | ly chopped onions sprinkled through Season well. cover with medium white sauce, sprinkle with cornmeal mixed with melted fat. bake until brown. Potato Puff egg. cup mashed po- tatoes, 1 cup milk, F teaspoon salt. z Beat egg until light, add mashed potato and mix we'll Add milk, salt. turn into baking dish, and bake until set, and a delicate brown on top.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10
100 Pounds of Milk.

From 100 pounds of skim milk lo pounds
 of cottage cheese may be made, with
 nrotein value equal to 22.5 pounds or
 pork. In other words, quart or sklm
 milk makes more than third or
 mound of cottage cheese. When nun ared hounds of skim milk IS fed 10 pig the skim milk is converted into apou. I4S hounds of dressed pork. when com
 bined with other feeds to the pest adNau tage For every hundred pounds or sklih milk fed to pigs instead or used iul nu- man food in the form of cottage cheese, there is food loss equivalent to eie protein in IF pounds of meat. That .s not all; after the manufacture or soi- tage cheese, the whey remains anu ,s available for stock feed. From lVo pouiius of skim milk made into cottage chees1 there is a residue of about So pouiios of whey, which is regarded as hasins , a feeding value of-about half thal VI skim milk, and on that basis, when prop erly combined with other feeds, VIII pfo- duce Is pounds of pork. So' lpy man. ing cottage cheese and feeding the whes to pigs, the human food produced rom 100 pounds of skim milk has me same protein value as PA pounds of meat, q | 1s.S pounds more than when all the sklih milk is fed to pigs.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10
SOUTHERN CATTLE RECORDS

their offspring Calves from horned native cows and Aberdeen Angus bulls will almost without exception have smooth heads and be solid black
 in color These additional advantages are of the utmost importance ana mean many extra dollars income.
 Perhaps few words further as to the specific characteristics of the breed would not be amiss as many of you have probably had no opportunity to see live specimen of the breed. In size they are medium, being living examples of the fact~-that the best things do not come in large packages.
 Matured bulls weigh from 1890 to 220u pounds on an average, when properly cared for and cows from 1250 to 1890. They are exceedingly hardy and if forced to do so, will do well on short and sparse grass. We. however. do Lot encourage these endurance contests" with any breed of cattle and say to the man who expects to make the most out of his cattle by such methods that he will be sadly disappointed. They equal in rustling ability any breed and this quality undoubtedly comes from the fact that the breed was developed under most adverse natural conditions on the rocky shores of Scotland. Some one always asks, how much milk do they give" To which the answer IS, they are beef cattle and are bred only to give milk enough to properly nour- ish the calf Milk in excess of that amount is undoubtedly at the expense of beef. No COW can be expected to excel in both milk and beef produC- ton, as is plainly noticeable in some of our so-called dual purpose types. This type is practically identical with pure dairy type and produces little if any. more beef and much less milk.
 In closing, I want to leave with you just two thoughts; first, clean up the ticks and then provide enough good beef type bulls to mate with your native females and if you care for them, your success in the cattle bust naSs is cartaiIl
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10
Garden Reminders

Many gardens in Alabama are now growing up in grass and weeds. which will make gardening more difficult next year by furnishing place in which in- seets and disease may pass the winte~ says c. l.. Isbell of the Alabama OK. tension service at Auburn. and tha United States department of agriculture Other gardens are being temporarily usad as pastures for live stock when the pea vines, corn stalks, etc, should be worked into the soil. Still other gardens are producing egg plants. kale and string beans which are retailing at 10, 15 and 20 cents, per pound, respectively.
 To which class of gardeners do you belong?
 Those who fall III either of the first two classes should feel it their patriotic duty to desert at once and take an even start with those who are all-year-round vegetable producers. To do so, it will be necessary that all garden land which is not producing fall and winter crops be planted to some late fall, winter or early spfing crop before October 10. or sown down to aScover crop.
 Things that may be planted now south of Montgomery with little or no risk and which may be planted in north Ala bama with little special care are:
 Onion sets: Crystal Wax, Yellow Dan- vers.
 Spinach Curled Savoy.
 Radish: White Icicle, Long Scarlet, Short Top.
 Mustard Pearl
 Lettuce: Hanson, Big Boston,
 Kale: Curl scotch.
 Rape: Dwarf Essex.
 If the garden is large enough to pro. duce more winter greens than needed in the home, either rape or kale may alsd be sown (with rye or oats), for chickens or hogs to graze.
 All dry peas, beans and other dry see6 should be harvested as fast as they riper and those infested with weevils and other insects should be placed in tir-tight con tainers and fumigated with carbon disul- phide. As soon as fumigation is com plete put the seed in closed sacks.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10

Limestone for Fall Use

The most convenient time to apply ground limestone is in late summer or early fall. It is at these times that there is the greatest leisure of men and teams, the roads are good and the fields are dry enough to go over without SC rious trouble. This year. however. the threatened car shortage makes it impor- tant to get the lime in as soon as pos sible even if it must be stored for use.
 Another reason for applying lime in the fall is that it is always best to ap- ply it on land prepared for a crop ana the preparation of land for wheat of fers a good place for its application, since farmers are usually too busy or the ground is too soft to apply it before corn. Moreover clover and alfalfa are the crops which are usually most bene- fitted by lime. and clover ordinarily fol- lows the wheat. As rule the wheat crop itself will not show great benefit, pn- less the land is very sour. Since lime is applied to sweeten the soil and thus influence all crops, but particularly al falfa and clover and since it is usually applied at rather frequent intervals, It does not matter greatly to which crop application is made.
 There is a prevailing opinion that since lime does not give the quick re- sponse secured from fertilizers that ir is not a good war measure applications This is true in part, but since the war may last indefinitely and since the pe- riod of food shortage will doubtless con- tinue several years after the war has closed, every measure which will tn- crease soil productivity should be con- sidered. Alfalfa and clover must be grown to supply nitrogen. On. many soils lime is essential to successful clo- yer culture of the legumes. The use of lime should steadily increase. therefore, regardless of war conditions.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10
Cost of Dairy Heifer

What does it cost to raise a dairy heifer to 1 year and to years old?
 Feed alone at medium prices costs about s3s for the first year and $2S for the second. Cost accounts of rais- ing calves by the Ohio, Massachusetts and Connecticut experiment stations and the United States department of agri- culture are used as the basis of these figures.
 Labor. interest and miscellaneous over head expensea must be added to this feed cost. The 2-year-old heifer must be credited with calf and the manure produced during two years. The net cost at medium prices is then given in the bulletin as $44.77 for the first year and s2s.0s for the secohds At present high prices the net cost for two years rises above $i0o
 Economy in dairying and care in breeding only good stock are therefore necessary. The heifer from low-pro- ducing dam and an inferior sire will not return the cost of her production and maintenance
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10
A College for Champions

That club training creates desire for greater knowledge in two a!l-important occupations of America, namely. agrcul- ture and home making. is indicated by the fact that 15 of the os last years s champions in boys and girls club work in the north and west are to enter col leges of agriculture, to take special courses in farming and in home econom- ics. Boys and girls extension work in agriculture and home economies is pro- ducing a new crop of champions each year. A sweepstake champion Is boy or girl who makes the highest record of production, profit on investment, quality of food produced. and keeps the best record for years time, in the produc- ton and food conservation work han dled by the United States department of agriculture in connection with the state colleges of agriculture. The 26 champions have been members of the boys and girls club work an average of three years each, and have been do- ing the work under the leadership of the cooperative workers in the field. Their spurs have been won by the grow ing of corn. home gardens. home can ming, and conservation of food. the rais- ing of pork and poultry products. the feeding and management of baby-beef and dairy herds.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10
One Crop Agriculture

The one-crop system is unsafe economically because it depends upon cron conditions and market conditions for financial success; failure oi weather as we'll as failure of market brings rtIms All the eggs arc in one market.
 2. A one-crop system of agriculture does not maintain soil fertility because it gives no opportunity to restore hu . mus. nitrogen and other plant 1ooo elements to the soil by the use ot crop rotation.
 3 A one-crop system of agriculture generally fails to take live stock intq account and therefore does net produce either the meat of the country or the manure necessary to soil fertility nor does if provide other live stock fol tbe utilization of the waste products of the farm and the making of waste lands productive.
 A. The one-crop system is uneco- homie because it involves long periods of idleness for farm machinery, equip ment and labor and does not ut-llze capital land and labor to the fullest possible extent. Under highly dl- versified system of agriculture eaci, laborer. with full complement Of tools and teams, will handle more land and have a greater income per man than where the full attention is devoted to the once rop.
 4. Under a one-crop system of agri- culture the returnffor labor comes but once per year. and it builds up a system which involves the payment of the heaviest possible profits for the nec- cessary supplies of the farm. ccmrell- ing the farmer to sell his products a' the lowest wholesale price. while lie buys his supplies at the highest retai price. Diversified agriculture produces the fcod on the farm, requires nam imf,m of high -priced supplies and saves inc money from the cash cfops as profits.
 g. Lastly, the one-crop system liinlts does moi fnster home building.E
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10
WEI VET BEANS AND SILAGE

a cost of about F cents pound. or $11.97 a hundred.
 Lot 1 consumed an average daily ration of 7.59 pounds of dry, whole velvet beans. 2s.S5 pounds of corn silage. and A'io pounds of dry roughage. This lot made an average daily gain of l13 pounds
 head. at. cost of about IA cents a pound, or $l412 a hundred Lot ate each day an average of o.es pounds of velvet-bean meal, 26.& pounds of corn silage, and 40 pounds Of dry roughage The animals made an aver age daily gain of 1.54 pounds, at cost of about II cents pound, or $i4.ef d hundred.
 Lot consumed an average daily ration of 9.62 pounds of soaked, whole velvet beans, 33.40 pounds of corn silage. ana 372 pounds of dry roughAge. This lo' made an average daily gain of 1.99 pounds l a head, at cost of about l5 cents a ! pound, or S1319 hundred. l The dry roughage was the same TOT l all lots and consisted of corn stover TOT the first 2S-aay period, and wheat straw l for the last three 2S-day periods ] The feeds were at current standaro
 prices and the chaAge against each kiHe l included the actual cost of laying I | doxyn at the farm
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10
WAYS OF CLEARING STUMPS

will burn most of the objectionable un- derground parts of the Nstump. Another method successfully used in the long leaf pine area of the south is to dig hole on one side of the stump, and with a one and one-half-inch or two- inch auger bore hole diagonally through the stump from the opposite side to the bottom of the hole. A fire is then start ed in the excavation and the auger hole serves as a flue. A method largely used in the northwest is to bore hole hori- zontally into the base of the stump to a point a little beyond the center. An other hole is started as high up on the side of the stump as possible and bored downward at an angle until it meets the first boring. A fire Is started at the nterception by the use of oil, pitch. coals or by dropping hot iron attached to a wire into the hole. After the fire is started brush is piled about the stump.
 DYNAMITE ON WET GROUND
 Dynamite is frequently and successful ly used in removing stumps. Small charges are found useful in splitting stumbs which can then be burned more | readily. Larger charges are used to break the stump in pieces. so that they may be pulled easily, or sometimes to remove them from the ground entirely | The best time to blast stumps is when the ground is saturated with water, and
 the electrical method of firing blasts is recommended.
 1 Where a large number of stumps are
 to be removed the bulletin recommends | the use of a stump puller There are | two general types-those that pull the 1 stump from the side. such as a capstan 1 type, and those that lift the stump yer i tically out of the ground by the use of i a tripod. The bulletin describes in de-
 tail the advantages of the various meth
 ods of removing stumps and gives oth-
 CT valuable information regarding clear 1 ing of land
 l Copies may be obtained, so long as the
 supply lasts, on application to the United
 States department of agriculture, Wash | ington. D. c.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10
Value of Clean Grain Bins

By cleaning bins carefully each year before new crop is placed in them. most of the injury due to stored grain insects can be prevented
 After the grain bins are swept out they should be- sprayed thoroughly with 10 per cent kerosene emulsion. This de- stroys the eggs and insects that other- wise would infest the new crop. The bins will be ready for the new grain within week after treatment.
 Several beetles, weevils and moths in. fest cereals and other stored products. Many of these insects are also accompa. nied by mites.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10
Sunflower Silo Dedicated

Probably the first silo erected in the United States for the express purpose of ensling sunflowers, was dedicated re- gently on the Frank Gaffke farm. one and half miles, from Three Forks, Montana.
 Some portions of Montana are not suit able for successful corn production, and the problem of securing succulent win ter feed for the dairy animals in the sections so handicapped is probably just being solved. Tn 1915 the experiment with sunflower silage. and it was found that dairy animals did well on this feed. Later trials were equally suc- cessful The Mammoth Russian varie- ty was used and the tonnage from the fields was about three times that of the eornfields Since then the experi- ment station has been advising farmers to try out sunflowers in their sios when difficulty is encountered with corn. Sew eral of these tests have beeM reported successful.
 During the fall Of 1917 the Chamber of Commerce of Three Forks made an inyestigation of the value of sunfioW- CTS for slage, and purchased 1000 pounds of Mammoth Russian seed, whNh was offered free to farmers who were Will -- 10 build silos and feed dairy cattle Nine farmers took advantage of this onnortunitv. and Frank Gaffke was the first one to have his silo completed
 As the project was entirely new in tnis country jt was considered Of sufficient importance to deserve special recognltioh, so the elaborate dedieation or this hrs' E sunflower silo was arranged. About SOV neonle were present at the dedication and many prominent men of the state took part in the programme
 =
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10

will insure health and a gradual increase in weight of from 10 to 15 pounds a head until lambing time. The increase in weight is desired to counteraet the loss of weight at parurition time and will leave the eve in stronger condition after lambing, thereby insuring greater ability on her part to provide the neces- sary quantity of milk for the rapid de- velopment of her lamb. This manage ment produces lambs that are larger and stronger at birth, are better able to gain rapidly and are ready for early mar keting. To do this suitable quarters must be provided to protect the flock against storms, wet floors, drafts and lack of sanitary conditions, and at the same time provide plenty of ventilation, sunlight and exercise.
 Very little grain, if any. Is necessary in the ration, provided sufficient sup ply of good clover hay and sweet silage free from mold is available. In case silage or other succulent feed is not available, the hay should be supplement- ed with not more than half pound of grain per head per day.
 SHEEP RAISING
 Equipment for raising sheep on farms need not be expensive. In mild lati- tudes little housing is needed. and the M of sufficient number and size to allow frequent changing of flocks to fresh ground to insure health. Where winters are longer and more severe, buildings and sheds are necessary to furnish pro- lection from storms, though no special provisions are needed for warmth. Dry ness, good ventilation and freedom from drafts are the first requisites of build ngs for sheep. Convenience in feed ing and shepherding must also be held in mind in locating and planning such buildings or sheds.
 Small flocks can be cared for in sec tions of barns having stabling or reed storage for other stock, but with flock say. 100 ewes separate building are de- sfrable. The interior arrangement or these buildings should be such as to require minimum ot labor and the least possible moving of the ewes in do- ing the feeding and caring for them during the lambing season. A bulldins of this type can also be utilized Tor fattening purchased lambs to be dis posed of before lanlbing begins in the regular farm flock. A good supply of feed racks, grain troughs, etc, can be provided at small expense and Will save labor and prevent waste of feed
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10
WHAT CARCASSES SHOWED

The examination of the carcasses in the cooler at Baltimore showed that lots 1 and were nearly alike as to quail ty However meat experts there were of the opinion that if any difference existed it was in favor of the carcasses in lot f. Lot was better than lot G because of the greater covering of fat. The average dressed weights, according to the Baltimore basis gave the follow ing percentages of dressed to live weights: Lot l. 54.16; lot l, 54.S7; lot 5. 54.0i; lot 1, 55.77 The steers were sold on the farm by farm weights at 2& cents a pound more than they cost in East St. Lovs.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10
For New Oil Stove Wick

As oil stove wicks are becoming very difficult to buy now. here is a good method of making them last longer: Take the old wick and >pry open the little tin clamps which hold it around the bottom, and move the wick up to desired height Then fit a single thick ness of cloth or old blanket around the bottom on innser side. Stitch around bottom with needle and thread. also around top where cloth and wick meet, pressing the tins down as before. This makes it asg good as new.-Mrs- Rebecea Cowser
The Birmingham age-herald., 1918-10-10
THE RAM

Corn silage and velvet beans are said
 to form a satisfactory ration TOT iatteiS
 ing steers for market. This is the re-
 suit of feeding experiments just com
 pleted at the United States department
 of agriculture farm at Beltsyihe, Md
 Other points brought out by the tests
 indicate that velvet beans compare ia
 vorably with cottonseed meal, produc- ing profitable gains when the beans are
 the sole concentrate of the ration that it is more profitable to feed soaked beans
 than it is to grind them; and that more beans will be eaten if soaked before they are fed than if they are fed dry.
 OBJECTS OF EXPERIMENT
 The objects of the experiment were to compare velvet beans in three forms whole, ground, and soaked-with cotton seed meal as supplements to corn sllage and dry roughages, and to determine the most economical forms in which Vel vet beans might be fed in fattening cat tie for market. Incidentally it was hoped that the tests would show possibilities of grain conservation in the production of beef as a wartime measure.
 The cattle used in the tests were 4U good 2-year-old steers in which short horn blood predominated They were bought last February in the East St. Louis market. where they were selected out of shipments from Illinois and MS lsouri, and were in fair stocker conai- 1 ton when placed on the experimenta l feeding ratiors. They were divided into four lots of 10 steers each, the lots SC. lected so that tthey would be as nearly equal as possible in weight. quality and condition. They were fed for IF days 1 NATIONS FED TO THE LOTS
 1 The average daily ration consumed by l lot was 439 pounds of cottonseed meal
 ss72 pounds of corn silage. and 4-2u hounds of dry roughage. This lot maoe
 an average daily gain of 2S0 pounds, al