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The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-12
PEACE WITH BULGARIA.
kussia and Balkan State Conclude
Separate Agreement

kussia and Balkan State Conclude
Separate Agreement.
Berne. Switzerland. Jan. "a sep
arate peace agreement between Rus
sia and Bulgaria has been signed
the newspaper Bund reports.
The Bulgarian correspondent of the
Bund says that Premier Radoleavoff
read the following dispatch from
BreN-Idtovsk in parliament: "war
between Russia and Bulgaria ceases
and diplomatic and economic rela-
tons between the two countries will
be resumed. Russia recognizes Bull
saria's right to name a delegate to
the international Danube commission.
The first peace Is thus concluded with
the consent OF Bulgarias allies"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-12
BOISHEVIKI CLAIM VICTORY

Petrograd. Wednesday, Jan. s.
Generals Kaledines and Dutoff. the
Cossacks leaders, the official news
agency announced today. have been
defeated. Gen. Dutoff is in flight, pur-
sued by revolutionary soldiers of the
Red Guard. Gen. Kaledines is re-
treating. The workmen's and soldiers
council at Rostov have been liberated
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-12
ALLIES NEED FOOD.
NINETY MILLION BUSHELS OF
WHEAT TO BE SENT
AT ONCE.
situation is so Critical in Europe
That Wheat Must be Sent and
Americans arc Asked to Save
Enough to Supply beds.

Washington, Jan. 10.-The food sit
uation in Europe is regarded here as
SO critical that the food administra-
ton is planning to release an addi-
tonal ninety million bushels of wheat.
Americans will be asked to save to
make up the deficiency.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-12

Patterson. n. j.. Jan. 10.--Tbe
closing of the Dupont Powder plants
at Pompton Lake and Haskell en-
gagged exclusively in war work. is de-
ciared to be imminent, unless fuel is
received promptly.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-12

Amsterdam, Jan. 5.-Hamburg
Germany's second largest city. is now
entirely without street illumination at
night. In consequence OF the shortage
OF coal which has curtailed the out
put OF gas ana electricity.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1918-01-12

In democratic form of govern.
meled. independent will OF the electors
be expressed at the ballot box. Ey-
cry safeguard should be thrown
around our elections, so that each
Smyrna times., 1918-06-19
PROUD OF "REMINDER BOOK
MIR. BIinkinton Claims That by Its Aid
He Has Been Saved Much
Time and Worry.

"What used to do when put any
thing away" said Mr.. BlinkintOn, twas
to bestOw it with great care in some
place where I would know just where
to find it, and then would forget it
completely. More than once when 1
have wanted something that had thus
carefully put away have had to tear
the house apart to find it.
$50 it was until evolved my Things
Put Away book which has proved to
be great help and comfort.
'Now when 1 put anything away I
first enter it in that book, which is, of
course, indexed, so that won't have to
look through long list of things when
1 want to find anything.
"Once soon after I started the book
put that away somewhere very care
fully and then forgot where 1 had put
it and had terrible time looking 1t
up; but since then have kept 1t in a
spot where it can't fail to come under
my eye daily; and it works like a
charm.
"Really I should say that for any
body who like myself is apt to forget
things Things Put Away book would
be indispensable"
Smyrna times., 1918-06-19
Safety in Industries.

Industrial accidents cost this coun-
try $4,000 human lives and many mill
lions of dollars annually, according to
the Arizona State Safety News. ''In
addition, acknowledgements and other
serious injuries total about $4,000
yearly, while the annual number Of
minor accidents, causing loss of time,
exceeds 100000 The putting forward
of Safety is effected by well-known
methods: First, you must have an or
ganization that will handle the propO-
sltion; second, you have to put your
plant and equipment into proper and
safe condition; third, you have to edu-
cate people as to the Importance of
their own responsibility to the safety
cause. To keep the ball rolling is the
problem which confronts all Safety or
ganizations."
Smyrna times., 1918-06-19
How to Read.

At best the printed words of an au-
thor represent but a poor fraction Of
what is in his thought and feeling, or
what he would express If he could.
Therefore, it is well to follow Ruskin's
advice on "reading for the thought"
and "get into the habit of looking in
tensely at words and assure yourself
of their meaning syllable by syllable
nay, letter by letter." Not only does
this help you to understand the au-
thor's meaning by comprehending his
words, but the act of concentration
fertilizes and awakens your own mind
and tends to bring you into such sym
pathy with the idea expressed and
with the author, that you are illumined
by far more of the subject than the
printed words alone contain.--William
e. Towne in Nautilus.
Smyrna times., 1918-06-19
THISTLE IN SCOTCH HISTORY
Various Traditions Concerning !ts
Adoption by the Highland Clans
as Their Emblem.

'sThe thistle of Scotland is said to
be the oldest national flower, and tra-
dition traces it's adoption to the reign
of Alexander III and the battle OF
Larga" (when an attacking Dane
stepped upon a thistle and involun-
tarily gave the alarm, whereupon the
Scots drove the invaders ouO.
Another account of its adoption is
of a very different character" writes
Katherine NJ. Beals in Flower Lore and
Legend. "AbOut the middle of the
fifteenth century a company of stern
faced men met in the council cham
Der of Edinburgh, and the occasion Of
that meeting was to discuss the ad-
visibility of substituting the thistle
for the figure of st. Andrew on the
national banner. The proceedings of
the council were secret, but soon after
the thistle appeared upon every Scot
tish banner. The national motto might
have been adopted with appropriate
ness on either of these occasions:
Memo me impune lacessit.'- The polite
reading of this is, NO man attacks
me without being punished but the
more simple translation of earlier days
was, Touch me who dares ! while the
original is supposed to have been, 'Wha
dare meddle wi meY Another inscrip-
ton which sometimes accompanies the
Scottish emblem reads: 'Ce que Dieu
garde, est bien garde;' That which
God guards is well guarded
''The thistle appeared officially for
the first time during the reign of
James II, who had it placed on the
coinage of the kingdom and adopted
it as his own badge. 1t also appeared
upon the coins in the reigns of James
", Mary Stuart, James V and James
VI. The thistle merke was a silver
shilling. The thistle dollar was a dOu'
BILE merke. Each took it's name from
the emblem on it,"
Smyrna times., 1918-06-19
Abyssinia of Today.

The dominant race in Abyssinia is
Semitic. The Hamitic is the aboriginal
race. The court or official language is
Amharlc, but Ethlopic is that of the
church and literature. The national
religion is Monophysite Christianity,
but Judaism Is found among certain
tribes, and Islam is the faith of con-
siderable element of the population.
The head of the Abyssinian church is
the Abuna, "our father" who is a Cop
tic monk, nominated by the Patriarch
Of Alexandria. The government is a
despotic monarchy based on system
partly federal and partly feudal. The
civilization of Abyssinia has long been
retarded by isolation and anarchy, but
there is now a national awakening to
the civilized world.
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06
W-BREAKING Names
delay Soldiers PAY
Secretary Baker Admits Some Units
Send Back Inaccurate Rolls.

Jaw-breaking names in the new
national army have delayed the pay
OF large units OF troops. Secretary
Baker admitted yesterday. He said
he had had many complaints of de-
lay in the receipt of pay for various
units and had caused each to be
promptly Investigated.
Usually we found" he said.
that, due to the large number Of
names which are new to the rolls,
many of them are misspelled.
Wrong spelling of many of these
foreign names deprives them of any
similarity to the names on the mas
ter lists. OF course pay rolls have
to be carefully audited, and these
apparent discrepancies. have result
ed in the return of many rolls for
correction.
Undoubtedly as the Offices of the
pay fleet become accustomed TO the
new names these discrepancies will
disappear"
Mr.. Baker said he was unaware
that some of the overseas units
were four months behind in their
pay. He said that the quartermas-
ters' pay forces on the other side
were attending to all of the pay
ments there and that the rolls did
not have to be returned to the
United States.
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06
MORE SHODDY
FACTS Barred
IN ARMY QUIZ
Plenty, Of Uniform Cloth,
Says Officer, Contradicting
Defense Council Man.

More criticism was made yesterday
before the Senate Military Affairs
Committee of the army uniform cloth
selected by the supply committee of
the Council of National Defense.
Col Elmer Lindsay, of the Quarter
master Department, Philadelphia de-
pot, said the army was 100000 yards
short of cloth. even though Charles
Eisenman, head Of the supply COM
rnittee, said there was more than
plenty. w. B. Bianchi, a uniform
manufacturer, said the use of shoddy
in army cloth was needless and that
there was enough wool supply to
clothe 100000 men Immediately and
look out for demands for three years
Mr.. Eisenman said there was
enough cloth. You say we are 1,Ooo.-
900 yards short. How can there be
such a discrepancy" asked Senator
Chamberlain.
''Mr. Eisenman based his statement
on contracts; I'm talking about actual
deliveries" replied Col Lindsay.
There must have been a lack of ef-
ficiency either on the part of the
~e%. sSA hoSeSA DSpdI lIncnI or the
supply committee" said the Senator.
II think the responsibility was
divided" said the colonel. The Gem
eral Stan first said $4,000 men were
to be clothed. Then came orders for
10000 more, and on top of that 500, ,0oO
more. 1t was the biggest Job ever
tackled in this country"
The army officer said the supply
committee haggled SO long last sum
mer over prices, instead of getting
cloth, that at least 100000 yards OF
cloth and much important time was
lost.
Mr.. Bianchi told the committee the
wool shortage idea had been created
in order to boost the demand for
shoddy. the price of which had gone
up considerably since the first open
ing for ii In army cloth.
A letter from a Philadelphia manu-
facturer was read in which It was de-
clared attempts were being made TO
unionize all factories having govern
ment work. This, said the manufac-
turer. disturbed labor conditions.
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06
TOPPER Cent insured
GOAL OF U.S.. Fighters
Var Risk Campaigners Lining Up
Units in Solid Blocks.

Every soldier and sailor 100 per cent
insured is the goal of the military in
stIrance campaigners now.
The .0OO.OOo.tOO total has already
bsen passed. and the campaigners
are in the home stretch. February Il
is the last day for applications. The
act became operative October s.
Already many army camps have more
than 800. 10000 IN insurance.
( The 100 per cent units are adding
up rapidly. Two units at Camp Jack
son. 5. c., are the latest; one with
lis men has an insurance total of
81 10000; another with fifty-two men
has a total of $4,000. Camp Bowie,
Fort Worth. Tex. has applied for
81. 10000 OF insurance. and by Janu-
AIRY . every unit is trying to be 100
per cent"
Up to December -. Camp Funston.
Kans.. had forwarded applications for
Ss9.156.50O.
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06
FLORIDA SOCIETY MUSICAL.

Floridians now in Washington will
be entertained by a Kentucky muSi-
cal, and literary talent at the next
meeting Of the Florida Society. Tues
day evening, January 6, at the club
rooms Of the American Bankers In
stitute, l2l4 F street northwest.
The program will be presented by
Mrs. David il. KincheIoe. well-known
as a dialect reader and whistler: Miss
Ripy. pianist. and Mrs. Rheems, vio-
linist
A cordial invitation is extended TO
all Floridians in Washington TO at
tend the meeting, at which Senator
Fletcher will preside. Refreshments
and dancing will follow the program.
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06
DEPARTMENT
OF MUNITIONS
GAINS BACKING
Borland to Introduce Meas.
ure, Like Chamberlain S,
in the House.

The move for a minister OF mu-
nitions spread yesterday from the
Senate to the House.
Representative William p. Borland.
of Missouri, Democrat. announced
last night that by agreement with
Senator Chamberlain he will intro
duce a bill tomorrow calling for the
new member in the Presidents Cab
met
Like the Oregon Senator, he Is a
friend of the administration. His ac-
tions means, Capitol observers be-
lieve, that President Wilson now
faces the necessity OF expressing his
frank opinion of the conduct of the
war uD to date
Borland is chairman of the sub
committee OF the Appropriations Com
mittee. which passes on all military
appropriations. In a statement he
declared:
This is the position which Eng
land found it necessary to establish
before any real progress in supply
ing materials TO the army was made.
The sooner we do likewise, the bet
ter for our boys in the trenches"
The plight in the training camps
deaths and disease caused by lack
Of clothing. and necessary military
training delayed by lack OF equip
ment-showed clearly. he declared,
that the United States cannot win
the war until new methods of sup
ply are created.
What is needed is a minister OF
munitions-a man big enough to take
responsibility to supply the army and
with power enough TO do it," he
said. The people want to know
where power is centralized"
Both measures will go to commit
tees at once.
When the time comes for a vote. it
Is generally agreed. the President
must let Congress know. either by
letter or through his advisers, how he
views the measures. and whether he
thinks the war can be successfully
carried on with existing instrument
alities
Secretary of War Baker refused to
say whether he approved the proposed
Department of Munitions.
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06
Clash With Weaver.

llon VIII Ge enforced by the central
! office.
Clash With Weaver.
The committee on organiza ton was
selected Friday night, following a bit
ter controversy between the dealers
with John L. Weaver, Federal Fuel
Administrator for the District, who
offered them the choice of forming a
compact" cooperating organiza ton
or having their businesses taken over
and operated by the Fuel Administra-
| tion.
w. Hamilton Smith, president of the
Coal Merchants Association, was
named temporary chairman of the
committee of ten to submit a scheme
to the dealers tomorrow evening and
later to Mr.. Weaver.
Committeeman were warned to
come prepared to stay all day" by
Mr.. Smith, who declared that you
are facing the gravest Crisis in the
life of your business"
Johnston r. Zimmerman, secretary
or the association, will be stationed
! in the central office of the pool.
Commissioner Brownlow will he pres
ent at the meeting tomorrow night.
Mr.. Weaver has charged dealers with
| disobeying his orders and regulations
| and has declared many have openly
refused to fill emergency orders.
The Senate Committee investigating
the shortage of coal in the District
has subpoenaed Mr.. Weaver. G. w.
Naysmith, of the National Fuel Ad-
ministration. and J. Maury Dove, one
of the largest coal dealers in the city.
They will appear before the investi-
eating committee tomorrow.
The emergency fuel adm 'istTa ton
bureau, formerly at 1903 J. street
northwest, was removed yeBterday to
more commodious quarters at 1929 F
street northwest
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06
NJ ADOO CUTS TRAINS
CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE.


Congress specifically orders it.
! Government ownership advocates
will back a move to make the tran
| sition into government ownership
| just as easy as returning the car
riers to the present owners.
Chairman Sims, of the House In
| terstate Commerce Committee, said
! last night:
1T is evident that the whole cues
tion of government ownership will
! be debated and its strength in Con-
| gress thoroughly tested in the de-
bates. The present provision that
government control must continue un-
til Congress provides otherwise is my
idea Of the ideal settlement of the
question. after the government has
| operated the roads a year or so. the
people will really know whether they
want government ownership"
The bill goes before both House
and Senate Interstate Commerce Com
| mittees tomorrow. Senator La Fol-
lette sai& he would begin Immediately
a contest on the proposal to guar
antee the roads a profit based on
| average returns for 1915, 1916 and 1877.
On the real invested value. he de-
clared. this is a guarante of thirty
1--WE per cent profits, although only
4l-2 and ; per cent on alleged water
! ed stock.
Commissioner McChord. of the In
terstate Commerce Commission. issued
yesterday a report on the coal car
congestion of the East and other seq
tlons. He shows where cars have been
held up for sixty days with govern
ment shipments that easily could be
unloaded. Judge Robert S. Lovett.
! priority director, yesterday blamed
the army and navy and Shipping
Board for congestion in many sec
tions
Commissioner McChord shows that
on the Maryland division of the
pennsylvania ther were on Thursday
"lOlS loads and 265 empties. of which
sixteen loads were for Washington
Moved south ia loads and fourteen
empies. Had twenty-four train ready
with no locomotives available; fifty-
eight cars of government automobiles
in yard, fifty of which are in open
top cars and 120 cars of automobiles
at Glen Rock, all of which have been
held for more than sixty dsvs
PENNSYLVANIA Railroad had a total of
ll56 cars for the American Ship Build
ing Company, Hog Island, 667 of them
in the Philadelphia terminals; 472
cars now at Hog Island; these cars
are not being unloaded.'
The commissioner reported that the
general situation on the Pennsylvania
lines indicated serious congestion to
be at Pittsburgh and the East. The
movement of the Baltimore and Ohio
! from Baltimore was about 30 per cent
of normal. At Philadelphia the COM
pany had fifteeTf locomotives out of
business for repairs, delayed by a
shortage of labor. At Newport News
the Chesapeake and Ohio was far be-
low normal on account of a shortage
Of 40 laborers at docks. The Midland
| division of the New Haven at Boston
was S19 cars below normal. At May
brook there were 2,O62 cars on hand
and only ninety-six moved on the day.
The Waterbury and Hartford branch
was badly congested by shortage of
crews and power. Eighty-two passen-
ger trains will be discontinued with
tomorrow. The Toledo and Ohio Cen
tral at Columbus had 125 northbound
and 14s southbound cars on hand and
no l~srN.-- ~ i,.0S nN- 'i~'-'N
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06

heaters has increased the gas con-
sumption OF the city from 1000, 600
to 100000 cubic feet per day, OIL
cials declared.
President Reeside yesterday OFFER
ed to the local fuel administration
all the anthracite coal consigned to
the gas company arriving in the
city until January Is. This will be
distributed by the emergency fuel
bureau. 1t is certain TO be more
than a thousand tons and may run
as high as several thousand tons.
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06

A hemp rope twisted in and out
Of the links of an iron chain will
make the chain last 20 per cent longer
by reducing friction.
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06
Gas Company Head
Sustains The Herald

An exclusive story. telling Of
the arrival Friday of a vitality
necessary shipment of oil to the
Washington Gas Light Company
averting a gas famine In WASH
ington appeared in TIL e
HERALD yesterday morning.
This oil was absolutely neces-
sary to the production of gas.
the story said, and the stock OF
oil held by the gas company had
been reduced through delayed
shipments to a days supply. The
arrival of the oil prevented a
gas shortage.
The correctness of the facts
of this, The Herald story, was
denied in an item appearing in
an afternoon newspaper yester-
day.
Relative to both stories. III. 8.
REEsIDE, president OF the
Washington Gas Light Company
said last night:
The story in THE HERALD
WAS ABSOLUTELY CORRECT.
l can find NO ERROR in It. A
story published by an afternoon
newspaper was NOT correct in
sofar as 1t denied any fact in
THE HERALD story"
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06
Two More Germans Caught
By Enemy Alien Hunters

Syracuse. N. Y, Jan. 5.-Two
more Germans were landed in the
hunt for alien enemies today. The
police arrested Frank Hartman at
the Crueible Steel plant and Joseph
spitzweiser, waiter. Hartman
was an officer on the ipterned liner
Neckar. Spitzweiser admitted he
came here with Lieut.. Adolf Laun-
ert. OF the German intelligence Of
nee. who was arrested Friday and
In whose rooms the police seized
discriminating papers and photos.
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06
OIL and WEATHER
| HALT GAS famine
Situation Relieved by Temperature
with Arrival of Supplies.

Yesterday saw material improve
ment i'm the gas situation.
Arrival Friday OF a large shipment
Of oil needed IN the manufacture Of
gas removed one of the greatest
problems facing gas company officials
ano the rise in temperature improv-
ed the situation caused by freezing
gas pipes 1000 per cent, according
TO President Reeside. Of the gas COM
pany.
-Four men. employees OF the COM
Hany. working day and night in an
effort 10 thaw out pipes that had
become frozen and prevented a fiow
of gas into hundreds OF homes
throughout the city, were nearly
killed by asphyxiation from the fumes
of the alcohol used In thawing the
frozen pipes.
Lack of fuel and the use Of gas
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06
II STARS ON flag
At COLLEGE OF LAW
Patriotic Addresses Delivered a
Schools Annual Entertainment.

Enthusiastic applause greeted the
unfurling Of a service flag with seven
teen stars at the annual entertain
ment of the Washington College of
Law held In the Home Club last
night.
John ]. Deviny, who raised the flag.
said:
This war is not altogether a SOL
dier's war. II Is war which needs
the cooperation OF every individual in
the nation. Each Of US has q duty to
perform in order that national effici-
ency may be raised"
Mrs. Ellen Spencer Mussey, honor
ary dean OF the college, opened the
program with q brief speech en-
phasizing the honor done the college
by its representatives In war service.
A mirth provoking feature was the
reading by Judge Doyle, Of the Mu-
nicipal Court, OF a skit in rhyme on
Prof. Harry Hegarty. Prof. Hegarty
responded wittily.
Miss Emma NJ. GiIlett, dean OF the
college. defined her feeling of re-
sponsibility toward the students. She
concluded by calling Miss Paulina
Floyd, president of the senior class,
to the front and presenting her to
the audience.
Willis F. Avery discussed the ne
cessity Of Americas full fighting
power being thrown into the balance
as early as possible.
Military justice was explained by
Warren J. Clardy as arbitrary and
swift, but disinclined to iniict se-
we're punishment.
Mrs. Harriet Rees sang Loves
Dawn" and responded 10 an encore.
Dancing and a buffet luncheon con-
cluded the evening.
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06
CHAIR MAN FAINTS
CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE.

or trucks by the dealer using them.
IAn orders Of the fuel administra-
ton will Ie enforced by the central
office.
The Washington herald., 1918-01-06

Umbrella ribs will not rust and
the umbrella consequently will last
twice as long if it is placed handle
downward when put wet in the
umbrella rack-or, better still, If it
Is allowed to dry while open