davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13
tati0n Problems in Great Troop Movements

battalion commander will be supervis-
ing his entire command and the chief
of the group will think he has done
everything But after all. 1t is most
proba BILE that things viii not go right
until the great untried machine has
run all its working parts smooth.
Another of the duties of the trans
portation division is to procure the
motor cars in time for the new army
without unduly disturbing the motor
trade. for with the enormous number
of industries dependent upon these
vehicles for local transportation of
their product and supplies. anything
that cuts of their resources is an
economic blunder. and that rs blow
to military efficiency.
The Quartermaster Corps. thanks to
the efforts of Howard L. Coffin. the
father of Standardization and now
member of the council of national Ce-
Tense. has an inventory OF every motor
manufacturing plant in the country.
and knows what it may expect each to
produce for the army on its present
capacity and to what extent il may
reasonably be asked to increase it's out
put. That is good starting point.
The manufacturers have met the sit
uation in the right spirit and are acting
with the army in all respects. They re-
port the sort of car they are best equip
ped to turn out In the greatest num-
bers for military uses. If one can make
a heavy truck, he Will have the chance
to concentrate upon that type. and the
concern that makes n lighter truck will
be kept out of that field The COM
panies are giving to the government
all the good points of a non-competi-
tive trust where the nation gets the
benefits
Many of the very able technical men
of the motor trade are giving their
service to the department in the super
vision of the mocha nical part of the
work. They inspect plant and ascer-
tain whether it can turn out satisfac-
tory results with its present equipment
and whether certain classes of car are
such service In an advisory way as only
a big engineer can.
Col. Baker is the man who has Sc
cured all this thorough cooperation be-
tween the army and the industrial end
of the motor vehicle manufacture He
is well equipped for the big job
through long experience in handling
every phase of the forwarding BUSH
ness on the biggest scale. He has
charge of the great fleet of army
transports that carry supplies to the
military stations in the Philippines,
Cuba. Panama and all non-continental
places. He moves all the supplies for
the armies wherever they are sta
tened. He had to make all the ar
rangements for moving troops and
their supplies to the border. His
whole business life has been. the solu-
ton of such problems, and while the
present is very large, he has been grow
ing up to meet it in every one of its
multiplied ramifications.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

to have side cars, are intended for use
in the messenger and dispatch services.
Their speed exceeds that of the horse
as long as the roads are passable, but
where the going is at its worst the
horse comes into his own and will be
as welcome to the motor cyclist stalled
by the wayside as the team with the
tow rope is to the broken down auto
mobile.
The great increase in the motor truck
organizations for the army has com
PEELED the Quartermaster Corps to
make new regulations for it's guild
ance. They prescribe the duties of
each man SO that he will know exactly
what his duties are in general, although
no one can foresee an emergency that
may arise in time of battle.
The men who run the cars must be
Kept in good condition and must be
well fed if the service is to be main
tanned. so each company has a kitchen
car, which ordinarily carries food for
the whole company for three DAYS. be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

relations between Russia and America,
that the Lennin group is a small mi
nority, and that its prominence in the
press is due primarily to the sensa-
tiona1 nature of the news, and, second
ly, to the fact that the new govern
ment, being committed to ideals of free
speech, has not suppressed Lennin. in
the belief that the best way to deal
with him is to give him rope enough to
hang himself
A man who accepted a favor from the
enemy and Travelled through Germany
by permission, in order to agitate for a
peace that would be of enormous as
sistance to Germany, is not likely to
have the confidence of the people, and
his propaganda is not to be expected to
have a great deal of influence with the
Russian population.
1t needs only to be considered that
the council of workingmen and SOL
diers in Petrograd declared itself over
whelmingly in favor of universal peace
concluded by all the allies and against
any other kind of peace. to make it
people is for a loyal abidance by its
pledge to the allies
Within the last few days the provisional
government has formally pledged itself
to continue the war, and the council of
workingmen and soldiers voted o sap
port the government in this position
1t is not surprising that LIZ O
regime was inclined to be friendly to
Germany. Not only was the czafial u
German princess, but the car himself
had no Russian blood in his veins. The
direct ancestor of Nicholas Rom;.nov il
a Lettish girl, daughter of Peter Ro-
seryant-girl wife. Anna was six
years old at the time of Peters mar
riage to Katherine. This girl married
a German duke, and their child was
Peter III, husband of Katherine the
Great, and great-great-great-gra
father Of Nicholas ,Romanov.
But much more important than the
ties of blood Is the fact that the Rus
sian autocracy, which has been more or
less uncertain of tenure for a great
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

parts which he thinks will be required
to keep the trucks in order. A little
neglect on his part might easily turn
the result of an engagement. He must
examine all cars to see that they are
kept in good condition. A truck can
not be spared from the service to give
it coat of paint, but it should not
be run unless it is in the best shape
that the chauffeur and the machinist
can put it with the means and time
that they can give.
Most of the $4,000 men who will run
these trucks for the first 500. 900
must come from civil life. Just
how to enlist them will be determined
by Congress. but it may be assumed
that the government will utilize the
skilled operators as far as it can be
done without disturbing the business
of the great concerns that are now
employing them. Plenty of men can
be found, but they should not be al
lowed to serve the nation in the army
If they can give greater service by
running the trucks of the meat pack
ers. the munition makers or the millers
Those who are selected must be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

HRHE rose is one of the important In
habitants of the kingdom of flow
ers. and by many of it's friends it
has been crowned queen of flowers. while
scores of poets have sung its praises as
a royal or celestial flower. The phrase
"A rose by any other name would smell
as sweet" has been actively employed
in conversation since Shakespeare's time
If all the literature dedicated to the rose
could be collected it would fill many
five-foot shelves.
The first rose was the wild rose, or
perhaps it should be written that the
roses which first bloomed in the world
were wild roses, and roses still grow
wild over a vast part OF the surface of
the world. They are especially plentiful
in the northern ATTITUDES. Wild roses
are still being used by rosarians in their
quest for the perfect rose. While there
are many varieties of the wild rose the
number of varieties that have been de-
rived from them are practically count
less, yet rosarians the world over, and
especially in the United States, are busy
all the time in producing new variations
in the effort to produce what they con-
ceive would be their ideal rose.
Father George Schooner, noted
American amateur rosarians, has said
Max Singers dictionary of roses
enumerated $4,000 pedigreed varieties,
most all originating from gallica, damas-
cena, indica, odorata. Chinese and Bengal
blood, also some nloschata, while a few
show sernpervirens and lutea infusion.
Having seen that the great number of
present-day roses have originated from
only a few species, realized the vast
field in front of us for. development To
get order out of the very chaotic condi-
ton of today 1t is first necessary to es-
tablish in your mind certain ideals and
work toward them, and this is what I
am endeavoring to do The first ideal
to get established is a standard of re-
quirements of the rose for the present.
of which healthy constitution stands
first"
Father Schooner is a Catholic priest
in the village Of Brooks, Ore. 1t has
been written of him by Jesse A. Cur
rey in the American Rose Annual the
publication of the American Rose So
ciety. that "Rosarians throughout the
portant work which this priest, has
carried on in the rosarium around his
rectory. and church" Rose growers
were saddened about a year ago by the
Father schoener's church and rectory
also destroyed much of his rose garden,
and that his collection of wild roses,
representing about every known spe-
cies was destroyed, and that he also
lost seedlings representing several
years of experiment. 1t was also re-
ported that his library containing his
notes and records on rose culture were
also lost.
In the work of this rosarian are in
dications of the Importance in which
the wild rose is still held. One Of the
great American rosartans and general
botanists is e. H. Wilson Of the Arnold
ton. In that arboretum, in edition to
the collection and planting of every
thing native to America that will grow
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

trained in the ways of the army. and
with this in view. some who aspire to
commissions seek admission to the Off
GERS Reserve Corps: others are enter
ing schools where they can qualify as
non-commissioned officers and chauf
feurs. Motor truck clubs throughout
the country are cooperating to train
their chauffeurs. Who can be spared
in the methods of the army. When the
order for service with the colors comes,
the motor corps will be far from ready
unless there has been opportunity for
its training. Hence the companies
should be formed as soon as the cars
can be delivered, so that the companies
can be drilled in military way.
Then, when the divisions of the new
army are formed. the motor service
Will take it's place. ready to do its part
in building up the first increment of
the great army. The trucks will carry
forward the supplies as if the army
were at war, the cooks will feed the
the chauffeurs will attend
the cars. the machinists will look after
the trucks. the carmaster win see that
his company is in all respects ready, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

needs no Interpreter. ignorant of other
languages though he may be.
The Italian army also contains a
great many Italians who returned from
South America. In peace times there
was regular movement of immigrants
to South America for the crop season,
and then they returned to Italy, but
there were also very large numbers
who settled permanently in southern
Brazil and in the Argentine Republic
and became citizens of those countries.
Like the naturalized Italians of the
United States. many of these South
American Italians returned to Italy to
render military service.
In the European countries at the
outbreak of hostilities, half a million
Italians. at least, were said to have
been repatriated. Italy was then neu-
trail. but the subjects of neutral pow
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

admiral of the Pacific fleet" The kaiser
was willing to support the car and to
divide world domination with him. Is
it any wonder under the circumstances
that the Russian ruler was contemplat-
ing peace with Germany when so much
depended on that move?
x X
The reason that the car was willing
to enter the war at all was not so much
his sympathy for Serbia as the fact
that he believed that an external war
would help divert the peoples mind
from internal revolts which were rap
idly spreading over the empire The
connection between the Russian au-
tocracy and Germany had been close
ever since Peter the Great borrowed
the German system of bureaucrs cy and
forcibIy introduced it, together with
German customs and German words,
into an unwilling Russia.
This is really the time when Russian
autocracy began, for the Moscow cars
owed their power to the nobility that
had elected them, and until Peters
time the Romanovs paid heed to the
Boyars, the great Russian mobiles who,
having any legislative powers,
had a tremendous prestige and exer-
cised a great influence upon the gov
With the passing of the Romanovs
the danger of separate peace has
passed, unless a serious disorganiza-
ton in the army should result in a
state of affairs so desperate that the
Russians will be forced to sue for peace
in self-preservation. Recent dispatches
have contained news about a German
fleet embarking for Riga with plan
for a concerted attack by land and
sea upon Petrograd the capital.
Going to Riga" is a Russian col
oquialism for being seasick, and it
appears that some such calamity has
befallen the German fleet, for It has
been a long time on its journey from
Libau and has not as yet been reported
1t its destination.
1t seems highly improbable that the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

Itaiy's military task has been a diff
cult one. Crossing the Alps and actu-
ally recovering the lost territory has
been physically an impossibility, but
the army has made numerous advances
aud there have been very few accounts
of the defeat of Italian troops. 1t is
the testimony of American observers
who have been at the Italian front that
the highest degree of military eff
cheney has been shown by Gen. Cadorna
and the Italian general stan. There
have been few mistakes and blunders.
such marked the first years opera
tons of the British and French troops
on the western front and in the near
east. Apparently. Italy had had much
better idea Of what military prepared
ness meant than either France or Eng
land. Competent military observers
have made favorable comparisons in
this respect of italy with Germany.
The Italian army probably contains
come back from other countries to fight
the battles OF their native land than
the armies Of any of the other bel
ligerents. This is said to be true, not
only proportionately, but as to actual
numbers There are reported to be in
the Italian army 100000 soldiers who
went back from the United States to
fulfill their military obligations to
Italy.
Like all the other continental countries
of Europe. Italy exacts military service.
and emigration to other lands does not
impair the requirement. Many of the
Italians in the army. however. had be-
come naturalized in the United States
$50 numerous are these Italian-Amer-
sieans that ii Is declared the Italian
front is the one place on the fighting
line IN Europe where an American
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

eminent is seriously considering the
question of separate peace, it will be
necessary Immediately to raise against
1t not only our voices, but our arms as
we'll"
If there is any danger of a separate
peace, it is not because the provisional
government is at all likely to agree to
one, but because that government may
not be able to convince the radicals
that separate peace at this time would
disgrace the nation and endanger the
fruits of the victory recently won over
the autocracy.
What lends color to the opinion that
a separate peace is being considered is
the fact that a group of radical social
lists. led by Lennin. is conducting an
agitation to that end. But it is the
writer's opinion, confirmed by numer-
Gus conversations with men who have
recently come from Russia to work in
connection with the purchase of sup
plies and the establishment of closer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

sides all the utensils for cooking it. A
cook goes with the kitchen car, and it
will go hard with him if he does not
keep the men well supplied with hot
meals. The kitchen car, although
light, has room for all provisions, mess
equipment and often for spare parts for
emergency repairs.
The repair trucks usually take posi-
ton on the line of communications or
some other point where a broken-doWn
car can be most easily drawn for a
hasty overhaul The repair shop is To-
Gated back of the first line of supplies.
and there expert mechanics, with all
necessary tools and machinery, make
over all cars that are worth it and can
not be put back in the service by the
repair trucks.
The motor company machinist has
a very responsible position. 1t is his
duty to supervise all repairs and to
keep account of all spare parts used
and to put in his requisition for all
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

many years, looked toward it's powerful
western neighbor for support. The Ger
man kaiser undoubtedly preferred to
have an autocratfc Russia as neigh
Dor, especially SO long as he could have
some influence with the ruler, and Ger
man support added moral strength to
the lettering dynasty of the Romanovs.
At the time that the first duma was
dissolved and its members had gone to
Finland and issued the famous Niborg
manifesto calling upon the nation to
refuse to pay taxes or to furnish re-
cruits until a new duma was convoked
the car was seriously preparing for
flight and there was a flotilla of Ger
man ships in the harbor ready to assist
the imperial family to safety.
The illustration to this article shows
a meeting between Nicholas II and Will
liam II on the latter's yacht HohenZol-
lern, meeting at which William ad-
dressed to Nicholas the remark: THE
admiral of the Atlantic fleet greets the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13
Will Russia Abide by the Treaty With Her Allies?


F1HE question whether Russia will
abide by the treaty with her al
lies is one that is giving much
q concern. for it is clear that If
Russia should terminate hostilities a
large German army would be released
for the western front, and since the
French and British are even now using
all their available resources, it would
devolve upon the United States to pro-
vide the men and munitions necessary
to fight the strengthened foe.
In view of the fact that Russia has
just undergone a revolution and that it
is now ruled by a provisional govern
ment which has no formal sanction
from the people, 1t is not surprising
that the average person is apprehensive.
But 1t is the writer's opinion that the
possibility of separate peace has def
nitely disappeared with the overthrow
of the monarchy and that democratic
Russia will Loyalty fight the battle OF
democracy side by side with it's allies
to a victorious end.
That the provisional government is
not in sympathy with a separate peace
has been made very clear by statements
issued by Milyukov, ministers of foreign
affairs: Prince Lvov, premier, and Keren-
ski. minister of Justice. A very signif-
cant remark in this connection is one
made by Guchkov|. the present minister
Of war. AT the time Sturmer was min
lister of foreign affairs. before the revo-
luton. and was, making plans for a
separate peace, G,lchkov said, as re-
ported by Prof Sha1zky in a recent num-
Der of the Outlook, that. "if the gov
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

sc "A move when it is ordered
N\ to move. Tomorrow will
q = not do; ard it is fortunate
that this division will have at least six
months to gather up motor transport
before the order to move can come to
the army" said Col. Chauncey B. Baker.
chief of the division of transportation.
The Quartermaster Corps must pro-
vide, when the first army of half mill
lion men is organized into divisions,
10000 motor trucks of between one
and three tons capacity. thousands OF
Two or.fve passenger automobiles for
generaf officers and their staffs. hun
dreds OF motor cycles for dispatch ser"-
ice and all the necessary equipment for
this vast machine. Other provision
must be made for the signal and hos
pital corps, the engineers and the
ordnance.
country, it will be seen. will hum and
grow to meet the demands of the gov
ernment and at the same time keep up
their normal supply to the public With
every development only long fore
thought on the part of department and
makers and the closest kind of cooper
alton between them will do the enor-
nous job in the few months that will
elapse before they will begin to carry
supplies to the great army to be
formed
This army will give up horses and
mules for motors, not only because the
latter are more efficient for military
purposes, but for the imperative rea-
son that there are not enough avail
able horses and mules in the United
States to carry the supplies to such
an army. OF course. animals will be
in demand for many purposes, and
after the drain made upon the national
stock by the European armies another
of the quartermaSterS troubles will
be to find the horses and mules.
The transportation division expects,
when it makes its first call upon the
motor truck makers, to receive thou
sand trucks a month from them, and
that they will increase this output to
1000 a month before the organization
of the army will begin. This supply, to-
gsther with the $4,000 trucks now in use
on the Mexican border. will carry the
army along without calling upon private
users of trucks to surrender their vehicles
for military purposes.
The transportation division has work
ed out a tentative plan for motor truck
organization and finds that it will re-
quire in the neighborhood of $4,000 men. a
small army in itself. The base of the Or
ganization is the company, which consists
of twenty-seven cargo trucks, repair
and a kitchen truck, two runabout motor
cars and two tank trucks to supply oil