davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09
COR IL (2w5UZlwe@I

The enormous, increase in the cost
Of beef production in recent years is
not appreciated at all by the man in
the street. With corn a hundred per
cent. higher than it was ten years
ago, beef cattle in order to be profit
able to the producer has had to ad-
vance somewhat in the same proper
tion.< During the past three years the
producers Of beef have been going
through one of the most critical situa-
tons in the history of their business.
The system Of centralized livestock
markets in the United States is the
largest singlet factor in the marketing
of meat animals. It is noteworthy
that this system is peculiar to the
United States, no other country having
developed such markets for their live
stock.
The chief outlet for d-producing
animals in this country is wholesale
slaughtering and meat-packing. Such
industries are associated with the
great centralized markets. More than
1900 slaughtering and meat-packing
establishments were operated in the
United States in 1915, and they turned
out products worth $1,654, 765, 424.
Traced Beef Lots From Producer To
Consumer.
In order to secure information as
to the relative cost of the different
factors or steps in marketing animals
and the proportions of the final price
reaching the farmer and other parties
to the transaction. the Government in
vestigators traced several typical lots
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09
democratic spirit. The Archduke
Ferdinand. who WAS ASA ssinated, was

democratic spirit. The Archduke
Ferdinand, who was ASA ssinated, was
cordially disliked, and Austria-Hun-
gary under Kaiser Karl the First will
likely become greater dual monarchy
than it was even under Franz Joseph.
The young. Emperor is Of a studious
disposition and we'll trained in mill
tary matters. Early in the war he
went to the front and has been fight
ing on the Russian and italian bord-
ers almost continually. OF warm,
sympathetic nature, the awful havoc
of war has made a deep impression
upon him and today he is thoughtful
and silent-an ominous sign at this
critical period Of his life as we'll as
Of the country.
Not Fond OF The Kaiser.
He has never displayed any marked
leaning toward Prussia and he has
had little dealing with Emperor Will
liam. The Archduke Ferdinand was
a favorite of the Kaiser, and around
him the military party gathered. The
opposing party looked upon the Arch
duke Charles Francis as the Moses to
lead them to peace and prosperity
Perhaps the most striking indica-
ton given by the new Emperor with
regard to his feelings toward En-
peror William was when last summer
he invited Count Leopold BerchtoId
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09

to become the Grand Master of his
household. It seemed unprecedented
that a statesman of such rank should
be offered a position regarded as a
mere Court appointment, and it soon
became known that the young Arch
duke wanted the former Minister of
Foreign Affairs to be his friend and
perhaps advisor. Only short time
before Count Berchtold had resigned
his office in Vienna because he re-
scented the dictation Of Emperor Will
liam in the military and diplomatic
policies of the dual monarchy, and it
is no secret that early in 1915, before
Italy had joined in the conflict, he adj
vocated a separate peace.
A Love Match.
While still a boy the Archduke
Charles fell in love with the Princess
Zita, the daughter of the Duke of
Parma, Of the historic House of Bour-
bon. The, father represented the
Spanish Italian branch of the family.
Much of the childhood Of the new
Empress was spent in France at the
celebrated royal Chateau Of Chambord
which her father inherited from his
uncle, Henry the Fifth of France. A
part of the education of the Princess
Zita was received at the Benedictine
Convent on the Isle of Wight, where
two of her sisters are living as nuns
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09

deepest interest, especially among the
poorer classes in whose homes one is
sure to find picture Of the new royal
family.
The couple have three children
Prince Otto Franz Joseph, born in
1912; Adelaide Marie, born in 1914,
and Robert Charles Ludwig, born in
1915.
While the young couple have al
ways been well off in this worlds
goods it has been mainly through the
wealth Of the Empress for the Parma
branch of the Bourbon family are
among the richest princes in Europe,
but it was only since the assassina-
ton at Sarajero that Charles Francis
had very much money of his own
After Ferdinand's death he became
the heir to the Austrian throne and
entitled to the income of the Este
estate, the revenue being sixteen mill
lion dollars annually. This estate was
left by the last Duke Of Modena and
an extraordinary clause in the will
provides that the income of the estate
shall become the property of each
heir to the Austrian throne.
The new Empress is extremely pop
ular all over the dual monarchy. The
wife of Ferdinand was regarded by
the people as the Queen Esther, who
would influence her husband to great
favors for her native land Bohemia,
and they bitterly resented such influ-
ence. Although the Empress has two
brothers in the Belgian army the Aus
TRANS do not resent this for they know
that Zita is DEVOTED to Austria by the
way she attended to the wants of the
old Emperor and in her Red Cross
work for the Austrian soldiers.
Brothers In Ambulance Corps.
The two brothers Of the Empress
at first wanted to fight for France, but
were refused owing to law made by
General Boulanger, which bars all
members of houses who have reigned
in France from service in her army
They tried in vain to overcome this
law but failed. There was some diff
Guilty in getting into the armies OF
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09
Why Does Meat Cost So Much These Days. Tht
Stock Raising Industry : Producer and
Consumer % Popuarizino Mutton.
CaZILS M 5IaSH Kz1oSI
Copyright 1916, by The International Syndicate


consumer. Specialists in every branch
of animal husbandry are investigating
the subject and are spreading their
results as widely as possible where
they will serve the best Purpose.
With view to ascertain1ng the es-
sential facts and conditions pertaining
to the marketing of live stock, de-
termining the feasibility of improving
marketing methods and facilities, and
promoting a better understanding
among the various interests connected
with the industry, the Secretary of
Agriculture, some time ago directed
that the Office of Markets and Rural
Organization, of which DR.. Charles J.
Brand is Chief, to conduct a confer
ence with the representatives of the
nterests~concerned This conference
was held in Chicago last winter
A $4,000 Appropriation.
The results Of that conference bore
fruit. It gave the Department of Agri-
culture a clear view of conditions as
they actually exist, and since then it
has been at work formulating plans
for the relief of the situation. To
further these plans the last Congress
voted the Office of Markets and Rural
Organization sixtyfive thousand dol
lars. This appropriation read:
ITO enable the Secretary of Agricul-
ture to gather from stockmen, live
stock associations State livestock and
agricultural boards, common carriers,
stockyards. commission firms. live
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09

the allies of the french, so they en-
listed as stretcher bearers in the Am
bulance Corps of the Belgian Army,
and showed great heroism in carrying
the wounded from the field under fire.
They were given medals by the King
of Belgium and later received the
Military Cross of France. The fact
that the Empress is devoted to her
heroic brothers does not affect her
popularity with the Austrians, who
look upon her as loyal and the high
est type of an Empress, a wife and
mother.
Even her name appeals to them.
Saint Zita is the name of a kitchen
maid, who was canonized and given a
place in the calendar of saints. Saint
Zita was a scullery maid of the tI1ir-
teenth century and found piety even
in the kitchen. She is the patron
saint of the women who do their own
homework. When the Duchess OF
Parma gave her baby the name Of
Zita she wished her to be a servant
of the Church at all times, and had no
idea that she would reach the state
of Empress Of Austria, and the Queen
of Hungary and Bohemia.
The young ruler and his family will
probably take up their residence at
the TIapsburg IN Vienna and later go
to Schornbrunn, the Imperial summer
residence of the royal family and the
favorite home of Franz Joseph.
Charles Francis will start a new
order of things and under him Austria
is sure to prosper and become more
influential for stria-Hungary is in
dispensable to the international equili-
brium Of Europe. Austria has not al
ways won in battle, but the fighting
qualities of her soldiers have never
been disputed, and when defeated In
the past they have risen to fight again.
Charles Francis knows his people.
their temperament and their coura ge.
That he has their success at heart is
unquestioned, and now that the Haps-
burg curse put upon the old Emperor
has died with him a brighter day may
dawn for both Austria and its ruler
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09

beaten a little SO that the tiny skins
surrounding the albumen will be bro
ken and the contents Of the barrel
thoroughly mixed.
The mixture is then poured into
another barrel, through a strainer,
which catches the small pieces of
shell that have fallen in by mistake.
After standing four days in this Sec
ond barrel, the foam and small skins
have all come to the top of the mix
ture; these are skinned off. Then
the mixture is poured into small zinc
pans which have been rubbed pre-
viously with tea-oil or olive-oil. The
pans are placed in room hot enough
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09

OF beef cattle from producer to con-
sumner, both through centralized mar
kets and where animals were disposed
Of locally. In the former case the
farmers share Of the gross returns
ranged from ffty-four per cent. to
eighty-five per cent, while from two
to five per cent. went to pay market
expenses; two per cent. to nine per
cent. was received by the packers. and
eight per cent. to thirty-three per
cent. by the retailers.
In the local sales, from sixty-twc
per cent. to eighty-four per cent. OF
the gross returns was received by the
farmer and from fifteen per cent to
thirty eight per cent. by the retailer
The detailed figures indicate that even
when account is taken of tho fact that
lower grade stock is sold locally the
returns from such sales are not as
great relatively as those from sales
through centralized markets.
To help check the billion-d dollar
waste in marketing farmers products
the Department of Agriculture is en-
couraging every effort Of the producer
to control as far as possible the dis
tribution of his products.
Municipality owned and controlled
abattoirs are becoming important in the
local marketing Of livestock, and the
Government report shows that they
are rapidly displacing the old type OF
slaughter house. Public abattoirs
have been esta blished in twenty-five
cities in thirteen States. The Depart
ment of Agriculture advises that local
conditions should determine whether
or not city should build it's own abat-
toir, and advises a thorough examina-
ton of conditions before definite &C.
ton is taken
"A Daily Telegraph Service.
Farmers cooperative meat-packine
companies recently have been organ
lied in a number of communities in
Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, and
more than score of others are re-
ported to be contemplated. Such
market interest in the possibilities OF
cooperation in the packing business
is being manifested that the Depart
ment of Agriculture is making a study
of the movement to determine what
conditions are essential to the success
of this plan Of cooperation and to give
rational counsel in the matter wher-
ever help is requested
The Department of Agriculture has
been sending the market quotations
upon fruits and vegetables through
out the entire country for a year, and
over, through q daily Geographic serv.
ice which has extended to all mar
ketable crops. This has proven of sc
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09

great a financial benefit to the farmer
that he has asked for it's continuance.
This service has proven so beneficial
to producers of fruits and vegetables
that the Department has preparations
under way for its extension to the live
stock market. To this end it inau-
gurated on December 1, 1916, the is
suance of a monthly report of seven
different kinds of meats in cold stor-
age. These comprise three reports on
beef, three on pork and one on lamb
and mutton.
Feeding Nation A Big Task.
To bring the matter down to the
home, it should be borne in mind
that the production and distribution
of food. with the constant increase in
population, has become an exceed
ingly complicated matter. and that
feeding the Nation is a tremendous
undertaking.
The extension of the country's rail-
road system and of it's agricultural
sections have increased the distribut-
ing area between the farm and the
table. Cities have also grown enor-
mous1y, and the number of city dwell
ers who live in apartment houses NEG
essitate a certain form Of purchase.
The apartment dweller must bN
food in small quantities, as there is ~
room for the wholesale purchasing
which was possible for the city dweller
twenty years ago. Living in this fash
ion makes housekeeping costly. The
retailer cannot sell a slice of ham as
cheaply as he can sell whole ham,
and the purchaser must pay the diff
ference. The housekeeper of today
wishes her bacon for the family's
morning meal boned. sliced and rind-
ed as well as daintily wrapped in the
finest of oiled paper. She pays not
only the high cost of living, but the
cost Of high living.
The Department of Agriculture is
advocating as an item in cost reduc-
ton the bringing back of mutton to
more general use. OF late years q
preference for lamb to older mutton
has been noticeable in the United
States. In England, on the other
hand, mutton has always been more
commonly used. The general belief
that mutton and lamb are wholesome
has been strengthened by the investi-
CATION of Government food inspectors
of meat, whose reports show that it
has been necessary to reject relative
ly few carcasses of mutton as unfit for
food, and that the sheep is Rarticu-
larly free from diseases which render
meat undesirable. So far as nutritive
value is concerned, mutton Is usually
cIassed with beet
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09

still more disastrous and fateful, the
murder Of Ferdinand at Sarajero.
Personality OF New Ruler.
The new ruler is twenty-nine years
of age, having been born in 1887. I'm
like most young men of royal birth,
he has never sown his wild oats, and
his life has never been touched by
scandal although he has everything
in the way of inherited blood to hand
leap his moral character. His father,
the late Archduke Otto, was perhaps
the most profigate prince of the en-
tire Hapsburg House, which IS noted
for its immortality. The Archduke Of
to was also the handsomest Of his
clan. His notorious escapades made
the life of his wife miserable from
the day Of her marriage until his
death, which was greeted by his fam
lily as relief. The Archduchess
Marie Josefa. who was a sister Of the
King of Saxony, was separated from
him long before his death, after her
brother, Prince George, had shot him
in the shoulder in her defense. The
young Archduke Charles espoused his
mothers cause while still boy and
from his earliest childhood his moth
er, to whom he was devoted, had his
sympathy in her trials and SORROWS
He grew up under her care and was
educated with the idea that he would
some day rule Austria.
His mother sent him to school in
Vienna in order that he would be-
come acquainted with his fellow coun-
trymen. He sat upon the bench with
some Of the poorest boys of the gay
Austrian capital and entered into their
sports with as much ardor and free
dom as though they had been of royal
blood. ~ The boys learned to love him,
and today they recall his happy,
warm hearted disposition.and love his
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09

YER since the great European
- War started there have been
reports of the death of the En-
peror Franz Joseph, and each
time there was speculation as to the
effect it would have on the contlnu-
ance Of the struggle as far as Austria
Hungary was concerned. At last the
expected death has come and the
aged Emperor is resting in the vault
OF the Capuchin Church, among his
illustrious ancestors of the House OF
Hapsburg.
His years on earth were far above
the average. and his reign among the
longest of the rulers of kingdoms, ana
he also had more than his share OF
the SORROWS and Affections of life. One
OF the greatest OF his griefs was the
death OF his son and prospective sue
cessor in 1889. Then the succession
passed to the heirs Of the late EN-
peror's second brother, the Archduke
Charles Louis. Ferdinand was the
oldest son Of Charles Louis and heir
apparent to heNthrone. but upon his
morganatic marriage to the Countess
Sophia Chotek he renowned the claim
Of his issue by her to the throne. But
he was destined to play an important
role in the stupendous conflict now
shaking the whole world for in July.
1914, he and his wife were killed dur
ing an official visit to Bosnia as a
result, 1t is claimed. of Serbian treach-
cry and treason. This led in few
days to the declaration of war which
now involves practically all the coun-
tries Of Europe. The next and only
brother Of Ferdinand had pre- de-
ceased him, leaving Archduke Charles.
his SON. the heir to the throne, whose
succession comes as result Of two
tragedies. one the mysterious death
(probably suicide) Of Rudolph, son of
Emperor Franz Joseph. and the other,
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09

ne GU have heard, no doubt, that the
" Chinese often bury their eggs in
~ the ground and let them stay
there for years before eating them!
But here is a little account of another
method they have of treating eggs to
make them keep for export trade.
which at least, is more modern and
one must admit-more plausible.
And this is the making of what is
known as egg-products. They use both
hen and duck eggs. Chinese women,
working for about six cents a day,
break the eggs, separating the whites
from the lyolks. The albumen, or
whites. is then placed in a barrel and
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09

- OMEONE said lately, 1.-THE De-
partment Of Agriculture is do
- ing about everything for the
farmer but shuck his corn"
The Department is doing everything
within it's power for the farmer; but
at the same time it has the consum er
Of the farmers products in mind, and
Is doing it's best to see that a square
deal is being given all round.
At this time, when the high cost
Of living is one of the serious prob
lens of the people. the Government is
especially active iE it's efforts to find
out the cause of the present situation
and to point out to the producer, to
the distributor and to the consumer
actual conditions and to lay before each
the facts as they are found to be, and
as far as may be to place in their
hands suggestions which may prove
OF benefit in bringing about some
remedy.
Department. OF Agriculture Investi-
gatihg.
The meat situation is as poignant
today as ever it was in the history of
the United States, and the average
housekeeper is at loss to know where
to look for relief. 1t is, therefore,
Of interest to know that the Depart
ment o. Agriculture is thoroughly in
duction from the raising OF the stock
to the placing Of the joint of beef,
mutton or pork on the table of the
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09

to dry the albumen in a little over a
day.
Then this dry whites Of eggs is al
lowed to cool before packing it in
paper-l lined tin boxes. The albumen
is now ready to be shipped to the
consumer, it will keep for many days.
1t would be a great advantage if the
yolks could be dried in the same fash
ion; but so far such a process is only
in the experimental stage. So they
must be shipped in liquid form. The
yolks are beaten thoroughly and .al-
lowed to stand for three days in a
tank lined with cement, a small por-
ton of boric acid being added. Then
it is placed in alright casks. or bar
rels. and sent to the purchaser.
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09

, oMEONE said lately, 1.-THE De-
: partment Of Agriculture is do
ing about everything for the
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-09
IL X0T@I<@9Cg %8Uuk0G5x
An Intimate Sketch Of Austria Hungarys New
Ruler His Family Life and Popularity
Amon6 His People.

Copyright, 1916, by The International Syndicate.

1HterHHuOnaI SynuIcaCe. =
still more disastrous and fateful, the
murder Of Ferdinand at Sarajero.
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1917-01-02
HELPFUL WORDS
From a Paris Citizen.

Is your back lame and painful?
Does it ache especially after eXer'
tiOn?
Is there a soreness in the kidney re
gOn?
These symptoms suggest weak kid
neys.
If so there is danger in delay.
Weak kidneys get weaker fast.
Give your trouble prompt attention
Doans Kidney Pills are for wead
kidneys.
Your neighbors use and recommend
-tham.
Read this Paris testimony.
Mrs. 4. l.. Burley, 800 Eighth st
Paris. says: Il have used Doan's Kid
ney Pills a few time, getting them
from the Ardery Drug Co, and from
the benefit have received, | certainly
think they are a good. reliable remedy
Whenever my kidneys have been ~
regular in action or my back has been
weak and lame. have used box o.
50 of Doan's Kidney Pills. They have
always relieved me OF the complaint.
Price % cents at all dealers. Don't
simply ask for kidney remedy-Set
DOan's Kidney PXls-the same that
Mrs. Bur1ey had. FosterNilburn Co
Props, Buffalo. \. Y. (ady)
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1917-01-02

ton for such purpose. They said the
voters would never stand for it.
To send this boy 10 a certain school
for crippled children would cost $4.0G
a week At the end Of that time the
child would have been taught to earn
living, and in all probability would
be self-supporting The medical treat
ment at the institution would have i'm
proved his condition.
Now the boy is growing up only a
child in mentality. and will not be able
to perform any useful labor. Almost
uRquestionably he will become pub
lie charge. The town that declined TO
pay $500 a week for a few years may
have TO. support him for life time,
and perhaps descendants OF his also.
The case is typical of cases OF Grip
pies. feeble minded children, and other
The Bourbon news. [volume] (Paris, Ky.) 1895-19??, 1917-01-02

unfortunates, that are found almost
everywhere. Not merely is the condi-
ton of such little ones most pathetic.
Also it is not good business to let
these children come TO manhood and
womanhood in such condition if it CAL
be helped. The great majority of them
can be taught useful occupations. There
bodily infirmities often sharpen their
wits. and all they need is treatment
and education at the critical growing
period.
Often the trouble is with the parents
who are unwilling TO pay few dollars
for consulting physician. They per
haps see some half trained practitioner
who presoribes some useless liniment
So the case drifts along and the
trouble becomes permanent.