davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25
PRESIDE TRAINING CAMP WORK FAR
FROM PLAY, new OFFICERS LEARN

prospective officer. That it was not
cold feet" was indicated by the per-
ceptible limp with which many went
about their duties. Marching and
countermarching with heavy shoes
has been hard on feet softened by be-
ing comfortably tucked away under an
office desk. There hasn't been a
whimper, but there has been a general
stampede for cold water buckets in
which to cool of the burning extremi-
ties after the drills. Immune to this
i'll have been the men who have been
members of hiking" clubs and used
to long weekly tramps over the coun-
try Of Sunday.
Standing at attention while being
drilled in the school of the soldier
policing of company streets, which
means vigorous use of broom, shovel
and wheelbarrow, and other manual
exercise had made for aching bones.
Il don't need any alarm clock to
get me up these mornings" groaned
a former bank clerk, but a derrick
would come in mighty handy to get
me started on my next days routine
until get limbered up"
Now the sore feet and the aching
bones are beginning to disappear and
the mems wind" is improving. The
boxer or the wrestler undergoes a Sc
we're training for the work he does.
The man who went into the officers
reserve camp has learned that it
takes preparation for any kind of hard
physical work Under tho cjrcum-
stances the work is becoming more
comfortable" from a bodily point of
view as the men become hardened.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25
FRENCH AND BRITISH
MAKE GAINS ON WEST
IAssocisssd Press BY q. s. Naval 0ommunL
cation SerVice)

(ASsociated Press By q. s. Naval oommunh
cation Servics)
PARIS, France, July 25.-All
ground lost on the California plateau
has been recovered by the bravery
and dash of the poilus, said the
French official reports last night.
Every easement was retakeE yester'
day in a series Of hard, fierce drives
and the enemy driven out at the bay
onet point. Hand to hand fighting
was the rule of the day.
East and northeast of Ypres decided
successes were scored by the British
forces, said the official report from
London last night. There four strong
aggressives were successful in pierre
ing the Teuton trenches at as many
different points and all positions taken
were held. Hard fighting at close
quarters with heavy casualties were
the features of these engagements.
Many prisoners were taken.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25
MERCANTILE MARINE co.
HAS PROSPEROUS YEAR

ASSOCIATED Press by q. s. Naval conmunt
cation Service)
NEW YORK, n. Y, July 25.-The
annual report of the international
Mercantile Marine company, which
took over the vessels of the original
Pacific Mail fleet, just before the out
break of the war, shows that during
1916 the company's gross profits
amounted to $6O,6O2,010. After pay
ing the British excess profits tax and
setting aside an amount sufficient to
cover depreciation, the net profits Of
the corporation amounted to $780,
946,650.
Chairman Saunders, commenting on
these figures, states that the large
profits are due Ito the world shortage
in tonnage and the consequent alb
normal increase in freight rates"
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25
ADDITIONAL TELEGRAPH NEWS
PREDICTS MORE
MONEY WILL BE NEEDED

(ASsoeistsd Press By o. s. Naval conmurL
cation SeTYicsl
WASHINGTON, D. c., July Is
When the new estimates were pre-
sented in the senate yesterday, call
ing for a total OF $4,000, 00O, 900, Sen
ator Smoot of Utah stated that in
his opinion there will be further de-
mands on the part of the treasury de-
partment. The first year Of the war,
says the Utah senator, will probably
cost the taxpayers OF the United
States $4,000, 000, 900.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25
MARRIED

kAALPAHUPU-At 59S Hotel street
July 81, 1917, Albert NJ. Kaai and
Annie Pahupu, Rev. S. X. Kamai
opili officiating; witnesses. Mrs
kaalokai Pohupu and Mrs. Ella
Smith.
WILCOX-WITTROCK-At 1888 Fort
street, July %, 1917, Edward VIII
cox and Anita Wittrock, Rev. S. K
Kamaiopili officiating; witnesses
Miss Hilda Wittrock and George w
Alberts.
AMONA-DANIELS-ln Honolulu, July
p, 1917. Ernest A. Amona and Mo-
kihana Daniels, Rev. Henry K. Poe
poe officiating; witnesses. Davie
kaauehe and Lois Turner.
DER-CABRAL-In Honolulu
July 81, 1917, Elmer n. Hollander
and Miss Sarah E, Cabral, Rev,
Ulrich Taube, of the Catholic cath
edral, officiating; witnesses, Nor
ris Lieberstein and William Mamie
Shrole.
THOMAS-MAULE-In Honolulu, July
20, 1917, Erbie o. Thomas and Miss
Violet Maule, Rev. Father Maximin
Aft, of the Catholic cathedral Of
ficiating; witnesses. Wallace Burns
and Bernice Burns.
WRIGHT-OBA-In Honolulu, July 10,
1917, Joseph H. K. Wright and Miss
Emma Oba, Elder c. Edward Mil
Ter, Of the Reorganized Church OF
Christ of Latter Day Saints, official
ing; witnesses, John w. K. Wright
and Rose Mahi.
KANE-AKANA-In Honolulu, July II,
1917, William Kane and Miss Eu'
genia Koiahi Akana, Elder E. Ed
ward Miller of the Reorganized
Church Of Jesus Christ of Later
Day Saints, officiating; witnesses,
Mrs. H. Vanderford and Henry
Manu-.
KAUWELOA-ALEKA-In Honolulu.
July "a, 1917, Charles Kauweloa,
Jr., and Miss Pilahi Aleka, Rev,
Robert Ahuna, of the Hoomana
Naauao church officiating; wit
nesses, Kilikoi and Mary Kauweloa.
INTERCHANGEABLE Pearl City,
Oahu, July 90, 1917, John NJ Luka
and Mrs. Rose Hanakahi, both OF
Waialua, Rev. William Kamau, pas,
tor of the Eva Hawaiian Congrega.
tional church officiating; witnesses.
Eddie Wharton and Mrs. NJ. P,
Johnson.
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES In
Honolulu. July %, 1917, John Leku,
chow and Miss Yuza Markintowich,
Rev. Father H. Valentin, Of the
Catholic cathedral officiating; wit,
nesses, Emil Singurowich and Gus
tovoi Tewaif.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25
MILITARY OUT TO QUELL
CALIFORNIA STRIKERS

ASSOCIATED Press by q. s. Naval Communi
cation Serv!ce)
SAN JOSE, Cal, July 25.-TWo
troops of artillery arrived here yester-
day afternoon to take charge of the
situation and preserve order as re-
suit of the strike in the local can
neries
Following a riot in which one man
was killed it became evident that To-
cal authorities could not maintain or
der and a call for assistance was sent
out as a result of which the soldiers
were sent
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25
CHINESE DEBATE WHERE I.
CAPITAL TO BE- LOCATED
Especial C.bIsgram to Nippu j

Especial Cablegram to Nippu Jij)
TOXIC, July 24.-Dr. Sun Vat Sen
is urging Chinese to establish the
capital at Canton in .Kwantung prov
ince. At the present time one fac
ton favors Picking, another is boost
ing for Marking. and now comes the
proposal that the southern city be
made the capital Marking is the
most central of the three cities, and
is considered one of the healthiest
cities in China.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25
FRISCO DISTRICT
ATTORNEY VOLUNTEERS

(Associated Press By o. S. Naval communt
cation SerVicel
SAN FRANCISCO. Cal, July Is
Charles F. Ffckert, district attorney
has applied for entrance to the sec.
ond officers training camp, to open
at the Preside next month. The fill
ing of the application implies an in
tention on the part of the district
attorney to resign should he secure
his army commission.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25
SAY FILIPINOS TRY TO
AVOID REGISTRATION
Especial star-Bulletin oorresrondence)

Especial Star Bulletin CorreErondeDce)
H1LO, July 21.-Completing a tour
Of the island to swear in registration
officers for July 81, Sheriff S. K. Pua
returned to town yesterday morning.
and Immediately made a hurried de
parture for Honolulu, where he will
be instructed as to the final arrange
ments. for the registration of eligibles
on Hawaii.
I'm Paauilo," the sheriff said, 81
learned that quite a number of Fill
pinos were leaving for Honolulu, evil
IDENTIFY with the idea of escaping from
their obligations. But they will be
eventually caught" declared the sher-
if.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25
CANADIAN CONSUMPTION
BILL PASSES COMMONS
ASSOCIATED Press By q. s. Naval communt
cation SAPYica)

ASSOCIATED Press By q. s. Naval oommunL
cation Servtcs)
OTTAWA. Ontario, July 25.-After
a debate OF a bitterness never before
recorded in a Canadian parliament
the government CONSUMPTION bill
passed its third reading in the house
of commons last night by vote OF
102 to "A The vote split the two
political parties, the Conservative and
Liberal French uniting in bitter op.
position to the measure, with the Eng
lish supporting it with only a few ex,
ceptions:
The bill now will go to the sen.
ate, where it is certain Of speedy pas
sage,
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25
pI Ed


NAONE-In Honolulu, July %, 1917,
Daniel Naone, native Of Honolulu,
aged 81 years and seven days.
WILKINS-In Honolulu, July %, 1917,
Mary Souza- Wilkins, of Puowaina
drive, near Prospect street, a ma
tive of Koloa, Kauai, Is years, sew
en- months and 20 days old.
LEONG+In the Japanese Charity
hospital Honolulu, July %, 1917,
Leong Tai, married, iaborer, a ma
tive Of China, 40 years old.
GIL-In Hilo, Hawaii, July II, 1917,
Agnes. daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs.
J. Vieira Gil, OF Villa Franco, a ma
tive of Hilo, months old.
MAHIULA-In Hilo, Hawaii, July 81,
1917, John Mahiula, married, cleo
trician, a native of Hawaii, 80 years
old.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25
- %%$+%++%+$$%+<
: AMERICAN GIVES
: PRIZE FOR u-eoAT

, MECH. w. Barol, an Ameri-
= can resident here. has given 1885, :
; 900 francs to the ministry Of ma Z
: rine as prizes for officers and
= gunners on merchantmen who :
, sink submarines. The money is
= to be distributed in prizes OF
: 5000 francs.
) = %%%$ = y = = y = y
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25
NEUTRAL SHIPPING
SUFFERS HEAVY LOSS
(Associated Press BY q. s. Naval CommunL
cation Servtce)

cation Service)
LONDON, England, July %
Sweden and Denmark, although neu-
trail nations, have suffered seriously
in their shipping as a result of the
war. Statistics published by the gov,
ernments Of those nations show to-
tai loss from German submarines and
from mines of 306 vessels OF these,
1875 flew Swedish colors, and 1870
were Norwegian. The destruction OF
these ships involved the loss of well
over a thousand lives.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25

Distillers have advanced prices for
grain and sugar cane alcohol 20 cents
gallon to 1884 a gallon for 1873 proof
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-25
What's the Final
Outcome?

Anyone interested in the final out,
come of the war should hear E. W.
Fox, who is giving series of three
Sunday evening addresses in Kaimuki
l. What say the Scriptures is the
final destiny of man?
2. Proof that We are living in the
::ost. important hour Of the ages!
8. Some surprises and facts.
Meetings will open 1880 p. m. at
925 Twelfth avenue.
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE
First judicial Circuit, Territory of
Hawaii-At Chambers-In Divorce
No. 1907.
Suekichi Hirata, Libellant, vs.. Fuki
Hirata, Libellee.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-29
CAPITAL DRAFTMEN
WILL GO into CAMP
Troops to Entrain for Fort Meade
on September 5.

All of the first per cent OF
washington's quota in the draft
army will entrain for Fort Meade,
Admiral, Nd. at the same time.
While the entertainments for
Pennsylvania troops and those
from Maryland will be divided
into FIVE groups for the conven-
ience Of the railroads. the Districts
first quota, which will comprise
forty-seven men will all depart on
September 5.
These forty-seven men will come
from the following districts: No.
l. ave men; No. 2, five men; No. 3,
four men; No. 4, four men; No. 5,
ave men: No. 8. five men; No. 7.
three men; No. s, five men; No. 3,
four men; No. 10. five men; No. II,
two men; total. forty-seven men.
Edward Emery has been desig-
mated by the central railroad COM
mission of New York to handle the
movement of the Districts troops
to the cantonment camp. He re-
ported to Adjt. Gen. Donovan and
the District board yesterday and
will complete the arrangement for
the movement for the entire quota
of District troops.
All of the 1922 men, summoned
for the District, are expected to
take part in the demonstration that
will feature the departure of the
first of the Washington men to be
sent to the cantonment camp.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-29
TWO FRIENDLY SHIPS
RELEASED BY BOARD
One British and One French Vessel
Internationally Liberated.

One French and one British vessel
eommandeered by the United States
Shipping Board were Internationally
released yesterday by order of the
board. 1t was stated in making the
announcement, that this action was
not to be taken as a precedent and
did not mean that the attitude of
the Shipping Board with regard to
Keeping Communicated vessels under
the Stars and Stripes has been
changed.
1t was stated that in both cases
evidence was presented to the board
showing that the ships were greatly
needed at this time by our allies. and
that the allied cause could be better
served by releasing them than in
keeping them under American
registry.
The members Of the Shipping Board
expect that the proclamation of the
, President on embargoes will simplify
! their task in dealing with neutrals to
a large extent. Aside from the agree
ment to release a percentage OF Dutch
ships, the board has taken no action
with regard to neutrals and will be
guided entirely by the licenses issued
by the Embargo Administrative Board.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-29
CANNOT ACCEPT MERE WORDS.

peace. conference: territorial reaIlign-
ments, indemnities. damages.
He says the purposes of the United
states do not need to be restated.
And then, that there may be no mis-
take, he, in effect, restates them.
And they are these:
l. Make the world secure AGAINST
war.
2. No dismemberment of Germany
or her allies, beyond necessary re-
adjustments of territorial lines that
nationality rather than sovereignty
rule in the formation of governments.
3. No economic or trade war after
the war against any people.
4. No more leagues of nations
hghtinS commercial and territorial
battles against each other, but a
world league. based on principles of
justice and democracy.
5. Settlement of disputes by arbi-
tration instead of force.
S. Prosperity through peace.
The President is not concerning
himself with England's claims to the
German colonies in Africa nor to
Japan's claims to Germany's Pacific
Islands. American support for such
claims could not, it is asserted. be
secured at peace conference.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-29
HeraIdS Shopping Corner

week. In any case where the store
does not issue sales slips just ring
the iterl in the ad and send it
along with your letter.
Both Save Money md Win Prize.
If several sales items appear on
the same sales slips, ring the one
that, in your mind, represents the
best bargain that you bought, and
mail it to the Shopping Editor of
The Herald, accompanied by a
letter (not to exceed $50 words)
telling why this bargain appealed
to your needs as the best buying
opportunity for you on that par
ticular day.
How to Write Letter.
The way in which your letter
imprcsscs the Shopping Editor as
to the value of the article received
for the money spent will count
most. Neatness and phraseology
arc but secondary considerations.
The size of the article pur-
chased and the amount of the
price paid will not figure in max
ing the prize awards. The pur-
chaser of a paper of pins stands
the same chance of winning on
this score as the purchaser of a
piano or an automobile.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-29
fight To VICTORY
CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE.
ernoon displayed their approval Of the
note with broad smiles before re-
turning to their respective depart
ments to drive forward the nations
war preparations.
And, with the note dispatched, Pres
iGent Wilson let it be announced that
on next Tuesday afternoon he would
himself publicly participate in the
war preparations by marching down
Pennsylvania avenue at the head of
tne local men selected for service
through the draft.
The Presidents reply to Pope Bene-
dict was penned-or typewriter, as
the President picks out his most i'm
portant documents on an old NO.
6''-with two objects in view:
First, to make it clear to the peo-
pie of the United States once more
what they are fighting for; to still
further crystalline public sentiment
to the knowledge that this is our own
war as much as England's or Frances
or Italy's, that the United States nor
any other nation on the face of the
earth can feel security, or be safe,
while an irresponsible government,
with Tenth century doctrines that
might makes right, and Twentieth
century science to impose those doc
trines, continues to exist.
Second. to so phrase and express the
peace beliefs of America that there
might be no opportunity for causing
discussion or disagreement among the
allied nations with which the United
States is making common war against
the German menace.
President Avoids Discussion.
In line with his second object, the
President carefully avoids any dis
cussion and makes only the slightest
reference to questions which nat
urally would first come up at a
The Washington herald., 1917-08-29
Letl.- Show Educational
Value Greater Than Prizes
Everybody, However, Wants to Be Winner
and These Contests Prove Doubly Delight
full to Those Who Win Prizes for
Their Scientific Shopping.
ENTER THIS WEEKS CONTEST NOW

The prizes awarded to winners
in each weeks Herald Shopping
Contest are of only secondary
importance to their educational
value. No other arguments are
so convincing as to the fact that
it pays to read and shop through
the aid of newspaper advertise
ments as to the experiences of
Herald shoppers set forth in the
winning letters which are pub
hshed in The Herald every Tues
day. Again next Tuesday $40 in
prizes will be awarded to those
shoppers who send in the best
letters telling Of their shopping
experiences to the Shopping Edi-
tor, these prizes to be divided as
follows;
The Washington herald., 1917-08-29
wilson WILL March
CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE.
be extending a courtesy to the entire
army.
1t is assured that government en-
ployes who desire to participate in the
parade will be excused at an hour to
permit them to do so, and that the
departments generally will close in
time for every one to assemble on
Pennsylvania avenue.
Arrangements have already been set
in motion whereby business houses
of Washington will close.
The committee on decorations, Of
which Sigmund Kann is chairman, is
issuing a public appeal to everybody
on Pennsylvania avenue to install the
most effective patriotic displays that
are possible, and for the residents of
Washington to fly the flag so that the
city may, in every sense, take on
festive air.
Chairman VIM. f. GUIDE emphasized
the fact last night that prompt action
on the part of everybody is essential
right now.
"E-want to appeal to the head of
every organization in Washington to
get busy at once" declared Chair
man GUIDE. This is the time for real
action.
Melvin c. Hazen, the chairman of
the committee on organization and
marshall of the civic section, should
be notified at once of the organiza-
tions that will parade, and the char
acter of uniforms, If any, worn, and
whether there will be band"
Mai. Cordier was a busy man yes
L.e -
the military and naval forces in and
near. Washington, and promises that
this feature alone will be of great in
terest and Importance.
Directly on receipt of word that the
President had set the date and time
for the parade the committee was in
the line of march.
1t was a significant fact that the
first two organizations to respond
was the Grand Army of the Repub-
lie and the Confederate Veterans.
State Deputy Supreme Commander
d. w. Gall, of the Maccabees. ad-
vised Chairman GUIDE that the Home
Defense Rifle Company of that or
sanitation desired a place in the line
of march.
Commander C. o. Howard, of the
Army and Navy Union. has applied
for a position for the boys brigade
of Washington headed by the Boys
Drum, Fife and Bugle Corps.
Members of the A. & n. L. Drum
Corps, the Sons of Veterans Drum
Corps and the High School Cadets and
other drum corps not otherwise en-
gagged are invited to unite with US.
In fact every boy in town who owns
a drum, fife or bugle is invited to
make his application not later than
Friday evening at p. m.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-29
fight AGAINST Vice

CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE.
these colored women, especially in this
square.
II can't say that the creation of
Willow Tree Park has improved con-
ditions by taking them out OF the alley
tnasmuch as you have relieved evil
influences by putting them on the
streets.
A great many Of them have gone
up town." he concluded, but they re-
turn to this section"
The testimony OF the captain shows
that even as early as last fall It was
seen by the police that their cleanup
of the southwest district was an al
most hopeless Job, and that the break
ing up of the red light district sim
ply spread the women OF the streets
all over the city. The Herald be-
heves that the warning of the captain
in regard to the return Of the prosti-
tutes to the old section Of the city is
being fulhlled and that they are rap
idly drifting into the Southwest Sec
ton of Washington.
Claiming that liquor is being
smuggled into the navy yard itserf.
and asking that The Herald do all
in It's power to get action on the
ChecklnS OF the vice condltlOns Defore
they are given a chance to spread.
= letter received yesterday from
Herald subscriber reads:
- We thank you for your strength
Of character In your work against vice
and we hope that you will soon stop
the smuggling OF whiskey into the
navy yard. II would be more COM
mandatory for Mr. Daniels TO do that
than to undermine the Navy League.
Let US have more Of your superb ef-
forts. let US have the facts as they
appear to you. You are frank ana
above board. We admire you ana
wish you success. signed -"
Letters Of this type continue to pour
into The Herald ONCE as the days
Of the vice crusade go on. Each one
tells a new tale of vice conditions, or
Of suffering caused by vice, and each
one asks that the campaign be con-
tinued.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-29

tex o
greatest documents of the follows:
70 Be Bsnsdictas "s $Sys.
S f a @ S fSsnt HSPf @ tRi $ si
SR feel a ssn hs
f.
2sF @ Sd s'; is DS ae ms h stn %u % % ne he Be 6ne
viii with asars as G ana agnn.9 %i be matter of very sober what
1ss ss$ Is ::
B sstahd sd That % th I % a % a Ffsne ' and the s %
p V d1 Siaf Rs % @ h
FEASIBILITY
.#; r. ~
q i SS % % a nnG sa
ssS5;s g s: 5
g a S IL @ Is sIs
PP d It mo a % tide % Of law or Ss % ScG WsP 6Os i
@ e GS3s 2 n sa S @ ] @ sRs y S ' @ s
Ss SssS. eS SS5.:
World 01 no 0ns LETT tee @
TEUToNs rRIcKERY
By deal 6 s the by You'd Of & S s0 cant the plan
makes OF it's strength spd % Of its Pos would
sR 'EaG sas % Russia S 5 %sa
SsS q. a IT, @
could non0l
Ss.:s !s. ssPs5
sas
d s m hs hs @ s upon T h Es s t ao aoGss t m eey SsS
rights
freedom
of
1 GIVEN.
upon e: % Of peoples @ S merely 5s Is the SoS o
S
The to
They
sdyanage OF kind We believe ntolerabe
of
Punitiy
damages the dismembement
than futile of
and the rights OF mankind.
CANNOT ACCEPT MERE WORDS.
be
Without
of
Of
the faith of nations and the possibility
States Of America
The Washington herald., 1917-08-29
P. {. Ramsdell Resigns
To Enter a New Field

Paul c. Ramsdell has resigned his
job as chief clerk of the office of the
corporation counsel of the District,
so that he may become the local
representative of the Southern Whole
sale Grocers' Association.
During the war Mr.. RamsdeH will
continue in charge of the associa-
tons headquarters in the Woodward
Building, but when the country is
again at peace he will be assigned to
the headquarters at Jacksonville.
Fla. Mr.. RamcdelI is we'll known in
amateur athletic circles.