davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Snowflake herald., 1917-10-12

Prof. Lynn Gibbs of Salt Lake
City has been secured to conduct
the department of music of the
S. S. A.
The Snowflake herald., 1917-10-12

The music department of the
S. S. A. is now in charge of Prof.
Lynn Gibbs of Salt Lake City.
The Snowflake herald., 1917-10-12

Subscribers not receiving their paper
regularly will confer favor by report
ing the fact.
The Snowflake herald., 1917-10-12

Don't the Banks Christmas
prize interest you? Better get
busy
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19

French Ships With Guns Able to
= Stand on Attacks OF Underwater
Raiders. IN

Paris, May 14.-Seventeen French
merchantmen were sunk by German
submarines during February, March
and April. according to an official
statement issued today. During the
same period nine French vessels were
attacked by underwater craft but
made their escape.
No armed merchantmen have fallen
prey to the u-boats.
The statement says
Statistics for the first three
months of Germany's unrestricted sub
marine campaign as far they concern
the French merchant marine show
the following results: February,
sunk 4; attacked and escaped /.
March, sunk. 6; attacked and escaped
2. April. sunk s: attacked and es-
capped 6.
ARMED merchantmen have in every
case escaped from submarines.
During this period French patrol
boats have had IL engagements with
submarines, French hydroplanes have
fought them 13 times and there have
peen l6 engagements between armed
merchantmen and submarines"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
OVERTHROW spy SYSTEM,
FEDERAL AUTHORITIES PLAN
MANY ARRESTS.
Vigorous Action to Break up TcutOnic
Secret Service System i'm Ameri.
ca.

San Francisco, May 14.-Vigorous
action for the overthrow of the Ger
man secret service in America was
begun today by the federal authorities
on information they had been furnish
ed by Rudolph Flamindinghe. alleged
head Of the spy system on the Pacific
coast. Flamindinghe. under arrest in
Los Angeles, is said to have given the
government agents information which
it is believed will result in the inn
mediate arrest Of virtually every Ger
man secret service operative in the
United States. According to federal
authorities tho United States has beer
divided into ten districts with a chief
and subordinates operating in each
division. Afraid to communicate 10y
mail or telegraph, members of the
spy ring have adopted an elaborate
system OF codes which are carried by
messenger from one district TO
another.
All the important members OF the
spy organization are under surveil
lance and simultaneous arrests arc
expected soon.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
MORE BELGIANs DEPORTED.
Men and Women Compelled to Work
for Germans.

HaVre, France, May 13.--Informa-
ton officially received b., tts Belgian
government is to the effect that all
males between the ages of fifteen ard
sixty-five in the Belgian province of
Luxembourg have been deported for
work in France and Germany in the
environs of the frontiers.
The census of women also has been
taken and they have been divided
into three categories. The first is
composed of the able bodied, who will
be compelled to work in the fields.
replacing men; the second, mothers
with infants who will be allowed tn
remain at home, and the third. the
others who will remain at the dispos-
ton of the German authorities and
whose mission is unknown. In the
census no distinction has been made
regarding social ;tanding.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
HOUSTON AGAINST SMITH BILL
SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
OPPOSES NITRATE BILL.
Explains That IT is Impractioable for
Government to Bring Fertilizers.

washington, May 14.-Representa-
tive Byrnes, who is a member of the
appropriations committee of =. the
house, today stated that Secretary
Houston appeared before the COM
mittee this morning and announced
mis- opposition to Senator Smiths
nitrate resolution. The secretary stat
ed he did not believe it possible to
secure supply of nitrate of soda from.
Chiie in time to benefit the crops this
year. He said the government be.
irg at war and Chile being a neutral
nation no government owned ship
could enter Chilean port and re.
rain sufficient length of time to
receive a cargo, therefore it would
be impossible to use government
ships.
If ships of citizens of this or other
countries could be secured, he said, it
would make the price of nitrate OF
soda prohibitive as the government
paid for its purchase SAT a ton at the
mines in Chile. and the freight rate
on private ships is $40 a ton, MAX
ing the cost at our ports SIT a ton. TO
which would have to be added the
Inland transportation charges. Even
if 1t could be secured in time tc do
good. he said, the price would be ex-
ceedingly high. He said it could not
be secured from the government sup
ply as the government needed the
$4,000 tons 1t had and that IL an ef-
fort was made to take it from powder
factories it might be unwise at this
time when ammunition is needed and
II taken would cost the government
not less than $50 q ton. He said II It
did not cause an average increase In
the yield Of more than 10 per cent.
as experts informed him, it would
mean that 100 pounds to an acre
would cost 81 and cause an average
increase Of two buehels to the acre,
worth not more than SO. resulting in
loss Of 81 to the aci :. He said also
he knew OF no way in which a sup
plf could be secured il the measure
was passed. ..or.c --,-
n Senator Smith appeared befo e the
committee and urged the necessity of
securing a supply to aid in increasing
the production Of foodstuffs as urged
by him in the senate.
Mr.. Byrnes stated that he had asls
ed the chairman of the COMMITTEES 20
hold additional hearings. and i that
this would be done.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
iRUSSIAIHELPS GERMANY.
DISCRIMINATION OF RUSSIAN
ARMY STRENGTHENS GER
MANS IN FRANCE.
Troops Being Shifted from East TO
West Front and Germans are Ablo
to Continue Attack With Fresh
TrOOps-British and French Hold
ing Fast to Hard War Gains.

The democratization of the Rus
sian army and consequent withdrawal
OF German troops from the eastern
front is having it's effect in Northern
france where the Germans who have
peen heavily reinforced are counter
attacking. Recent hard fighting has
peen confined TO the Bullecourt Sec
tor, the region north of the Scarpe
river, the Arras section and two
ana half mile strip at the western end
of the Aisne front.
Reports from British Headquarters
say the British have recovered lost
ground at Bullecourt and established
new posts. The fighting in the Scarpe
region continues.
Paris says heavy fighting is raging
near Laffaux Mill, along a four kile-,
meter front, where the French line
bends northward west of Chemin- -des-
Danes. The French position has been
maintained.
Berlin claims the capture of six
hundred meters of trenches east of
Laneuville.
The Italian offensive begun yester-
day on the Isonzo front continues to
make progress in the direction OF
Trieste, according TO Rome reports.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
NATIONAL GUARD CALLED.
no BE MOBILIZED AT CHICKA.
MAUGA JULY IS.
Aspirants for Onlcers' Reserve Corps
Start Their Three Months Train.
ing.

Chattanooga. May 1s.--The Ma
tional Guard will be mobilized July
16, according to information received
by officers at Fort Oglethorpe and
the officers training camp there to-
day.
That the National Guard will fol-
low the IL regiments Of regulars after
expansion at Chickamauga park was
also expected. It Is believed that the
regulars will be sent elsewhere to
make room for the regiments of the
guard to be modified here.
Equipped. inoculated, vaccinated
and with preliminary details attended
to. $500 candidates for the officers
reserve corps today started on their
three months Of intensive training at
Fort Oslethorpe. The men who will
be trained on the historic battle
ground come from Tennessee and the
Carolinas.
The work, as at other camps. will
arst consist largely Of conditioning
the men and giving them liberal study
hours. Their training will include
much Of that given to a private SOL
der augmented by other branches of
work necessary for an officer to know
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
RESULT OF FOOD CAMPAIGN.
Moro Than Thirty Million Peopl,
Growing Gardens.

washington. May 13-Two months
OF campaigning for a million gardens
In the United States are estimated to
have turned the attention of more
than thirty million people to the task
Of producing food.
"The people not only are endeavor-
Ing to produce food for themselves, {"
said Charles Lathrop Pack. president
OF the Emergency Garden Commits.
sion, today. but they are learning
the value Of land as never before"
Mr.. Pack said hund- Ids Of organi-
cations were cooperating with the
commission. including the General
Federation of Women's Clubs, the
Christian Endeavor Society. the Ro-
tary Club of America, the Garden
Club OF America. suffrage associations,
bankers. insurance companies and
educational institutions.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
JOSEPH CHOATE DEAD.
Great Lawyer and Distinguished Dip.
lomat Passes Away After Brief Ill

Hreat Lawyer ana Distinguished Dip.
lomat Passes Away After Brief Ill
ness.
New York, May 14.-Joseph II
Choate. former United States am
bassador to Great Britain, died a.
11.30 o'clock tonight at his home ir
this city.
MIR. Choate had been i'll only since
this morning. He had taken a very
active part in the entertainment il,
this city of the British and French
war missions and attended services
at the Cathedral Of st. John the Di
vine with Foreign Minister Balfour
yesterday morning.
Mr.. ChOate was referred to by
Mayor Mitchell at one of the enter.
tainments in honor Of the war mis-
sions as the foremost citizen of New
York.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
TWO BILLION IN TAXES.
Treasury Department Notifies Con.
srcss That War Revenue Measure
Must Provide s2,24S. .o0O, 900.

Washington. May 17.-Democratic
Leader Kitchin announced In the
house today that tho treasury depart
ment had notified him that it will be
necessary to raise two billion, two
hundred and forty-five million dol
iars instead Of one billion. eight
hundred million by the war revenue
dill now under debate.
Kifchin created a surprise by urg-
ing the raising OF the income surtax
increases above forty thousand as
contained In the bill by one-fourth.
he fought this yesterday. as propos-
I'D In the Lenroot amendment. The
Lenroot amendment was adopted la
ter today In committee Of the whole.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19

Numerous reports have been CIR.
rent of late of Turkeys efforts in the
direction Of peace. Turkish agents
according to official information
reaching London on May Q, are at
work in Switzerland with the object
Of assuring the continued existence
Of Turkey. 1t has been said tha,
Turkey. provided she is permitted to
hold Constantinople. is willing to al
low complete freedom Of the Darda-
nelles.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
MAY BUY ROAD MACHINERY.
Board OF County Commissioners Be-
gin Tour of Investigation of Road
Building Equipment.


Supervisor l.. Il. White and Com
missioners McLaurin, Minis, Lenoir
Britton and oliver went to Columbia
this morning to begin n series of in.
vestigations in Richland, Lexington
and Edgefeld. and perhaps other
counties. Of road machinery and road
building equipment and methods, with
the view Of purchasing complete
equipment Of road building machinery
for use on the public roads in Sumte,
county. The County Commissioner:
are deeply interested in public road
building and permanent improvement
and are seeking to find the equipment
best adapted to the needs Of tho
county and to acquaint themselves
with the most approved and most &c.
onomical methods of carrying on this
work. The tour Of investigation is
planned and will be carried out 70,
the purpose of learning from and
proflting from the experience and
mistakes Of other counties.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
IDsSM DEsE1 BY TRAITORS.
NEW DEMOCRACY ENDANGERED
BY ExTREAuSTS AND GER
.li- NAN AGENTS.
49, and Able Leaders Who Over.
snssw the Oar Arc IN Danger of
>n>1ne Forced Out By Wild and Un.
prssworthy Deuaagogues.

washington. May l4.-News of the
es'sstArow of two dominating military
oGusap 5 IN the Russian capital added
oreatiy today to apprehension felt
here Tor the democratic movement to
vhAnhs the encouragement and moral
ssppert Of this government soon il to
- carried BY mission of distinguish
- Americans. Omcial reports added
hothiae 70 the brief press dispatches
tAdicating that the minister of war,
Gen. ouohkoff. had been forced out OF
sess and tho commander of the Pet
soGka4 garrison. Gen. Korniloff. had
oesn forced out by friction among
high ofllcials Of the provisional gov
egnmsnt The impression grew. how
vvSr. that the plight Of the new
aemocracy. bsset by ambitious parti-
Sans az the old regime and by the in.
trigus OF German agents. might be
much moro serious than surface con.
tlitiens have revealed.
Ahhough the American mission
which rscSivsd its final instructions
from President Wilson today. will
ssks pains not to interfere unduly IN
Ru,eiat Internal affairs. oflicials have
pade no secret OF the hope that one
of ths results OF the visit will be to
strsagthen the position Of the new
esWocratic government. Coupled with
thh " the expectation that the mora
sdect Of the mission will 60 far tc
eRsst nachinations for separate
psacs between Germany and Russia.
TIE members Of the mission. which
Include BlihS Root. with the rank OF
spscial ambassador. and Maj. Gen
eeott. the CHIEF Of STAN. spent more
than IN hour with the president q,
the White House and later lunchsd
vith 3scrstary Lansing.
xAs time Of departure win not be
ssvealsd for military reasons.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19

such organization and with no asspr-
ance that the organizations would h.
equipped and called into the service
can reach no other conclusion than
mat it would be unwise to make the
attempt.
The State would have to bear tho
expense of recruiting, housing and
equipping these new units until they
are called or drafted into the fedora,
service, There is no appropriation
for thai purpose, the present apnro.
priation going entirely towards SUD-
porting the resent units.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
CANADA WHEAT CROP SHORT
Destruction Wrought by Cold 23 Per
Cent.

Ottawa. May IA serious short
age In the winter wheat crop of Can
ada was revealed by a report of GEN.
sus and statistics office. made public
today. The acreage estimated to have
been sown last fall was 813,4OO and
the estimated destruction through
winter killing was $4,000 acres or
% per cent. leaving 626.4O acres to
be harvested.
The estimated condition of tho crop
on April 30 was 60 per cent, which
is lower than in any previous year
since 1909 at that date.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
SLACKERS CAN'T ESCAPE.
War Department Says That it Will be
Difficult to Evadc Registration.

Washington, May 16.--Slackers who
seek TO evade registration will be de-
tected easily. The war department.
statement explains that q list of the
registered persons will be posted and
all citizens who know of evasions are
expected TO report them. In falling to
register the statement says a citizen
casts doubt upon his courage and
renders himself liable to imprison-
ment."
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
GEN. PErAIN APPOINTED.
Cabinet Names New Commander .in
Chief Of French Army.

Paris. May 15.-.Gen. Petain was
appointed commanders in-c chief of the
French armies operating on the
French front at tOday's cabinet meet.
ing. Gen. Nivelle was given com.
mand of a group Of armies. Gen,
FOch. who was prominent in the bat
ties Of the Marne and User. succeeds
Gen Petain as chief of staff Of the
ministry Of war.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
GARDNER LEAVES CONGRESS.
Massachusetts Congressman Resigns
to Become Colonel on Gen. Woods
staff.

Washington, May 6.-Representa-
tive Gardner, Of Massachusetts,, has
resigned from congress to enter the
army. He has been an active fighter
in the movement for preparedness.
He is the first member Of either house
to quit congress for military service
in this war. He holds the rank of
colonel in the officers reserve. He
reports next week to Gen. Woods
Headquarters in Charleston.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
TWO GENERALS RESIGN.
Commanders of Russian Armies Ask.
ell to bc Relieved from Duty.

Petrograd, May lit became
known just before War Minister
Guchkoff resigned that Gen. Brus-
siloff, commander-in chief on the
Southwestern front and Gen. Kuerko.
commander on the Western front, had
asked to be relieved OF their COM
mands. Their designations will be
considered later.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
MONEY FOR SHIPS.
Senatc Committee Agrees on $780,
100000 for Merchant Marine.

washington. May 15.-An appro-
piration of $75O.OOO. 900. nearly four
hundred million to be immediatel
available for the purchase and con.
s'ruction OF fleet Of merchantmen.
mas been agreed on by the senate ap-
preparations committee. Legislation
authorizing the government to take
charge Of ship building facilities was
approved.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
OFFERS PEACE 10 RUSSIA?
turkey Said to BE Offering Neutral.
izatiOn OF Darianclles and Armen.
ian Settlement.

Rome (via Paris), May 1.-THE
Idea Nazionale, the organ of the Ma.
'tionalist party, prints a report fro n
diplomatic quarters that Turkey has
made overturcs to Russia, through g
neutral source. for a separate peace
on the basis of the complete opening
OF the straights to Russian naviga
ton, both for war vessels and mer
chant ships.
According to this report, Turkey
also declares herself disposed to give
friendly consideration to the Armenian
question and suitable recognition to
the principle Of nationalites
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
GOES TO Hosp1TAn

VIII Take Treatment I'm Atlanta for
soro Wrist Which Has Worried
Him.
Augusta. Ca. May 16.-Senator b.
H. I1liman passed through Augusta
tonight from his Trenton home en-
route to Atlanta. where he is to enter
q hospital for treatment for sore
wrist. about which he Is much con-
eerned. +.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
REGULAR ARMY EXPANSION.

"eSer"i Regiments to BE Sent from
Border to Chickamauga.
washington, May 15.--The war de-
partment has announced that the
following regular regiments will be
Withdrawn from the border to be ex-
panded at Chickamauga Park:
Eleventh Infantry to form the Fifty.
first and Fifty-second Infantry; the
Sixth Infantry to form the Fifty.
third and y-fourth Infantry: the
Eleventh cavalry to form the Twen.
'y.second and Twenty-third cavalry.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
approved.

them other Germans are sent to kill
the British and French-the same
British and French who hurried their
advance to give US time to reconstruct
our afyairs."
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
LOAN TO RUSSIA.
United States Advances Hundred Mil
lion to New Republic.

Washington. May 16.--The govern
ment today made its first loan to Rus
sia Of one hundr ed million dollars.
bringing the total advanced to the al
lies up to six hundred and twenty-five
million dollars.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
LEADER LOSES HOPE.

xNRunaky Tells People That Russia n
eeP End Unless Ts,oy Snow More
spstroerad. Sunday May 1s (vis
1endon. May IS. Delayed.)-In or
6hbassionsd appeal to delegates from
10 'front.' at q meeting In Petrograo
ts1ay. A. r. Kernesky. minister Of
5teo(es. made the most alarming diag.
~ Of Ruasia's Internal crisis thai
hAe come from any official persor
qllce ths revolution. The minister Of
5uge>cs who heretofore had made only
tne most optimistic and rsassurine
eeslautions. confessed that his con-
elapee had left him md that he fear.
- 1lAstsr.
II iams to you." said N. Kerensky,
"nseauss my strength is at an end. !
- lenger feel my former courage. nor
h&ver my former conviction that we
hre couscientious citizens. not slaves
= revolt. ] am sorry did not die
TIVE months ago when the dream of
pew lifs was glowing In the hearts of
the Resaan people. when I was sure
shs country could govern itself with
out the whip.
s"As affairs are going now 1t will be
iaveDdbls to save the country. Per-
hps, the time In rear when we will
have,to tell you that we can no longer
Gsve you the amount of bread you ex-
pect. or other supplies on which you
have q right to count. The process of
the change from slavery to freedom
4. geins on properly. We have tasted
frssdom and are slightly intoxicated
but what We need In sobriety and dis
cipline.
"You could suffer and be silent for
ten years and obey the orders of a
hated government. You could evon
nrs upon your own people when com.
mandsd TO do no. Can you now SUI.
fsr no lonssr?
Ma Kerensky's declaration. though a
trt6e more outspoken In its pessimism
than the utterancss Of other ofi,cials.
- not unrspresentative Of public opin-
Ion In rPetrograd Mt the present time.
'unSsn there In a quick infusion OF q
new spirit In the army and a new
uneerstanding Of freedom among the
massss and unless the energy which
now - being used TO bring about
peace IN transformed into energy
working for the defense of the coun-
try u In generally telt that Russ.a
win not long be able to 20 on with
the war.
AN the newspapers except the or
gaNs-ot the extreme left parties pub
lish articles regarding the fraterniz-
ing Of the Russian and German SOL
disrs on the Russian front. pointing
out that "the German soldiers with
whom the Russians are fraternizing
bsiong to the same army that is
Hereby nghting against the British
and French"
Writing In The Russka VOLTA (Rus-
sian Liberty M. Andreyeff says:
I'VE visit the Germans and drink
German wine and coffee and we re-
turn their hospitality. We kiss them
aad the Germans are too ready to
sI>sw 4. And while we are kissing
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-05-19
NO MEXICANS DRAFTED.
Government Issues Statement to Altov
Apprehension on Border.

Washington, May 16.-To allay an
prehension of MeXicans along tho
border that they might be drafted
the government has issued a denial os
any such intention.