davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1917-09-06
E DIT 0 RIAL
WAR

Some people do not appear to understand exactly what Is mean
by war profits When such men as Senator Hiram Johnson o
California propose to tax war profits to the extent of fifty tx
seventy-fve per cent, there is a disposition in some quarters tt
concerns which are furnishing munitions and other necessary sup
plies for war purposes.
And when we are speaking of profits, as applied to certain of tn,
big corporations of the country, we mean net earnings after allow
ances are made for cost of material, labor, overhead, depreciation
interest, surplus and amortization payment of debts).
The American Smelling and Refining company, for instance
made profits Of this character approximating ten million dollars
for the year 1913 and a triae over nine millions in 1914, whereas the
net earnings of the same company for 1915 were over fourteen mil
lions and for 1916 over twe~ntythree millions.
War profits represent the difference between the average
earnings during the normal periods of 1913 and 1914 and those
of 1915 and 1916. Senator johnson and those cooperating with
him for taxation of war profits would impose a special tax upon
these excess profits, over and above the taxes which may be imposed
npon general profits.
The Bethlehem Steel Corporations profits II 1913 we're five
millions and IN 1914 nearly six millions. For 1915 they jumped
to seven millions and in 1916 they leaped to fortythree millions
The Central Leather Company likewise jumped from four mil
Gompany's profits in 1916 were sixteen millions as against one mil
lion while the E. ]. dupont de Nenours Powder Co. derived a profit
OF eighty-two millions for 1916 as against four millions in 1913.
The great packing houses show also a marked increase. Swift
d TO. show a profit Of twenty millions for 1916 as against nine mill
lions in 1913, while Armour & Co. also show twenty millions for
1916 as against six millions for 1913 and seven and a half millions for
1914.
But the great q. s. Steel Corporation, of course. shows the
largest earnings of any, although not the greatest ratio Of gain.
The profits of this company in 1913 were ~eighty-one millions, TWEEN
tythree millions in 1914, s~evenfy-fve millions in 1915, and two
hundred and seventy-one millions in 1916.
The war profits, therefore, of u. S. Steel approximate two
hundred millions for 1916, and it is said that 1917 will show a still
further gain.
Great Britain is said to tax war profits to the extent of eighty
per cent. Upon that basis, q. S. Steel would be taxed one hundred
and sixty millions on its excess profits for 1916, leaving it still
forty millions to the good, over and above its normal profits, on
winch It would be required to pay wartime corporation taxes.
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1917-09-06
BRITISH CAPTURE 1882
GERMANS SINCE JULY 81

London, Sept. 1.-The number OF
German prisoners captured by the
British armies in August was 1929,
including 1853 officers, making a total
of 1867 prisoners, including 234 Of
%icers, taken by us since the morning
Of July 81" according to an official
statement issued tonight.
During the past month we have
taken ~thirty-eight guns, including six
heavy guns; also 200 haching guns
and seventy-two trench mortars. The
figures are exclusive of prisoners and
guns captured in Flanders by our al
lies" it continues.
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1917-09-06
koRNILoFF AGAIN DEMANDS
DEATH PENALTY IN ARMY

P%etrograd, Sept. General Korni
loffff has t%elegraphed Premier Keren.
sky that in view of the events on the
Rumanian front in the past few days
where certain Russian troops aban
doned their positions without a fight,
he must again categorically insist
that the measures outlined at the
Moscow conference be carried out
Immediately.
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1917-09-06
TO THE HOUSEWIFE
The Nation's Greatest conserver Of
Foodstuffs

Inc Nations Greatest ConServer OF
Foodstuffs
Dear Madam:
Not only from an economic but also
from a scientific standpoint bread from
wheat flour--GARLAND HoUR--is the best
all around food that nature produces.
1t builds bone, delicate nerve tissue
and tough sineW. Tt makes soft danask
cheeks and steely muscles. tt gives
stamina. and strength.
Give your family more bread,
rolls, Biscuits and things made from
GARLAND FLOUR. Give them the food ele-
ments their bodies need and that GARLAND
FLOUR contains generously in easily
assimilated form. AT thessame time
effect 4 real domestic economy.
Very tz,uly yours.
STOKES MILLING CO.
%@
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1917-09-06
FORD GIVES RED CROSS A
HALF MILLION CREDIT FUND

Washington, Sept. IA gift of
$500, 600 from the Ford Motor com.
pany to the Red Cross was announced
today by the war council, in the form
of a credit on the Ford factories for
half a million dollars worth of auto
mobiles, ambulances, parts, etc, as the
Red Cross may designate.
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1917-09-06

L. H. writes: Il desire to go into
the chicken business, but 7 am told
it is unhealthy to do 30. What can
you say for or against this PROPOSE
tion?'
Ans.-If by chickens you mean fowls
nothing a be said, in the health
way, against chicken business.-Min.
neapolis Journal.
Saturday news. (Watertown, S.D.) 19??-19??, 1917-09-06
What is Meant by lswar Profits =

The rds of newspapers Turing the past two years have read much about war profits but perhaps they
have had butt faint conception in dmx and cents of what the term means
The war broke ann August, 1914 so that they Years 1913 and 1914 may said to be normal periods for the
average industrial corporation #00M@###
In 1915 He nsimtomb began to feel the effect of the uouans uuMInm n the anMded heir operations
and the year 1915 added to the total income by caps and bounds 1T vii be six months before the business for
1917 will have been disclosed, butt there confidence that the stride shown last year has not acNned in 1g7#
The figures reproduced below are aiken from thee mgwaomnR Record land are based upon the sworn annual
rp0ts of the various 0Tpahnsn named showing that for instance the s. Steel Corporation made in 196a
ntp profit of 271517a as gnNa net profit Of sN26s5 in 1915 or &34e678 in 1914
By net profit is meant the earnings for the stockholders after ddHng cost of Materials labor deGaa
ton overhead. interest reserve nomMumm and all pr CHARGES. ---A.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20
in FORM =
FOR M'ANDREWS
Welterweights Clash in Star
and Important Bout at
National Tonight
VICTOR MAY BOX CHAMP

Both Johnny Tillman and Eddie Mean
drews have reported in perfect fettle for
their six-round bout at the National A. c.
tonight. This contest has attracted great
interest in Philadelphia fstic circles, mas
much as a contest with Lightweight Cham
pion Benny Leonard may result for the
victor Each has boxed the New York
phenom and has been hot on his trial for
several months.
While the bout was cllnched at catch
weights, neither will have any advantage In
weight. They are welterweights and will
step into the ring Weighing in close to the
142-pound mark However. II either is to
get a match with Leonard the bout will
have to be at 1S9 pounds at o'clock, the
same weight that ruled last nights contest
between Jack Britton and Leonard In New
York.
Mike Ertel, of st. Paul, will appear in
the semihnal. His opponent will be Muckel
Riley, OF Smoky Hollow. AL Wagner is
matched with Young Lawrence
In the second bout Terry McCue boxes
Battling Mack. The opener will bring to-
gether Eddie Palmer and Johnny ViggL
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20

A NUMBER Of earnest fans have at
n tempted through zim's double miscue
i'm the last world series game, to relieve
Heine Of credit for his seasons play. But
this doesn't work No slump in a six
game series should be permitted to over
balance a 150-game showing. zin had the
best year Of his life up TO tho series. Many
ranked him as the star third baseman of
the year Mono placed him lower than
third. A bad showing in big series leaves
a deeper impression but it's the average
over the long road that counts.
League Strength
a world series victory doesn't neces-
sarlly mean league superiority on behalf Of
the winner.
But in the case Of the American against
the National the records show the latter
has won but one championship since 1909
one victory out of eight starts,
This, at least, is depressing recount
for the older circuit. The facts are that
while no one can prove which league is
superior, there is no denying the fact that
the American has the greater number of
stars. What men, for example. has the
National to put against Cobb Speaker, Col
Inns and Sisler?
Cobb and Speaker are the two most val
liable outfielders of all time Collins is the
most valuable second baseman ever known.
There are no men in the National to stand
comparison with this quartet.
could any one imagine" inquiries a by
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20
WIN FOR KRAMER
OVER JOE BORRELL
Middleweights Engage in Slash
ing Bout-Milwaukee Boxer
Finishes Strong

The Cambria Athletic Club last night was
the scene of a slashing hard battle be-
tween Joe Borrel and Billy Kramer, of
Milwaukee Kramer and Borrell swept
around the ring like a couple of miniature
gunboats in full action, throwing broadside
after broadside of wallops into each other.
Throughout the greater part or the con-
flict il was so evenly waged that the de-
cislon hung in the balance until near the
finish Kramer put over a flock of hefty
punches in the fifth and went into the lead,
holding his advantage until the hnish.
A world of blows was struck by each of
the husky middleweights. Borrell, who is
now in the navy, and who expects to get
into active service, was putting on his last
bout here until after the war, and he gave
the fans everything he had in stock.
Borrell left-hooked repeatedly to Kra-
mer's head in the first four frames. His
blows caused several lulls in Kramer's at
tack but the westerner always came back
with renewed vim. Kramer switched lefts
and rights to the body and head, and held
BorreiI to an even break in the early ses-
sions.
Kid Sheeler won from Ralph Erne in the
semiwindup. Kid Brown stopped Johnny
walters in the third. Billy Ellington and
Tommy Golden boxed a draw Eddie Wood
knocked out Frankie Brennan.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20

IL :05-Mrs. C. +. Hodkinson, Whitemarsh.
Mrs. James Proctor Springhaven.
l2:1O-Mrs. Porter. Aronimink.
Mrs. NJ, B. Turner, Sprnghaven.
l2:15-Mrs. H, seaver, Philadelphia Cricket
Club.
Mrs Arthur Brockie, Philadelphia
Cricket Club.
Iszard. Bon Air.
Mrs. L. H, Edgar, wilmington
Country Club,
Rankin, Bon Air
Mrs. John T. Hay. Whitemarsh.
12:so--Mrs. Crew, Bon Air
Miss H. f. Gormley, Whitemarsh.
~ 35-Mrs. Tarr, Bon Air.
Mrs, F, H, whiten, wilmington
Country Club.
~: 4o--Miss Sipple, Bon Air.
Mrs. c, X. West, whitemarsh
c. Collins, Wilmington.
Miss @. Galloway, Merton Cricket.
IL 2:50-Miss NJ. d, Pfahler, Merton Cricket.
Mrs. S. B. Peck. Philadelphia
Cricket.
Ethel X. Lamont, Whitemarsh.
Mrs. A. F. Shoemaker, Lansdowne
Country Club.
l:00-Mrs. w. J. M. Dyer Whitemarsh.
Mrs. M. l., Mayhem, stenton Coun-
try Club.
1,O5-Miss Il. f. Galbreath. Lansdowne
Country Club.
Mrs. Charles H. Marshall. White
marsh
1:iO-Miss X Holfe. St. pavids Golf Club.
Mrs. r. A. Bowers. Whltemarsh.
1:15--4lss M. Gates, North Hills.
Mrs. ]. MacMulllns whitemarsh.
1:ao--Mrs. Lewis Block. North Hills.
Mrs. u Adams, Whitemarah A
1;sb-,Niaa n Nhel Maule, Merton crickt q
Club
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20
CAPTAIN HOGAN'S MARINES
TO MEET PENN ELEVEN
Navy Yard Team Arranges Game With
FolwelPs Bunch for December 8
at Franklin Field

The United States Marine football ta.r,
quartered at the Philadelphia Navy Yard,
coached by Captain Hogan and captained
by the famous Eddie Mahan, the former
Harvard star, has arranged a game with
the University of Pennsylvania eleven. The
game VIII be played on Saturday, December
s, at Franklin Field
The marines have been after a match
with Bob Folwells aggregation for some
time, but the Penn management was un-
able to comply with Hogan's wishes, as Old
Penn had her schedule completed.
After considerable dickering II was finally
decided to play the game after the regu-
lar season is over. The proceeds will be
turned over TO the Red Cross
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20
Penn Should Not Fear BuckneH

defeat
Holenbac
had
speedy flock acsmth plays through Babe White
I
a
Milers
a
o
Washington Washington
will be fought with side The
CORNELL n
" a out
a +
spirit
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20
IN SPITE OF ZIMS BONEHEAD PLAYS d
HEINIE HAD THE BEST SEASON. Ann
THE YEARS BALL RECORDS SHOW n
There Is Woe in Ranks of National, for the Ola.
League Has Won Only One of the Last o'O''
Eight Worlds Series
From Ancient Files

Deuce take your song NTH tragedy in It,;
Plaque take your rhythm that's reeking 7cith y,,e.
Give as an air pith regular jig IN It,
Something to titildte Uhen tOe blue;
Lit as a lyric of fan and friUolty,
Rhpre us q snicker at Care and her cretU
Troll US q carol of jubiLdnt joiy;
Wanted-the Poet of Joy-is it you?
Mr. There are plenty and than enough Of ,or,
.Jour1dinu Pegasus noiC as 1t IS;
Papers are cloyed Nth the foam and the fluff Of ,y
Us for bard lUho says things are pazzizz = Wv
Ma on the stuff that is so sacchdriferous
Solder it-can it-dnd tighten the idt
SO we declare-undfraid and Vociferous,
Wanted-the Poet Of Knocb-tiH forbid.
Poetrv reeking Nth joyous Mldrity
Rhythm of tragedy, fuH as a souse;
LvT5c of Prose NTH its tuneless bdrbdrity
DoaCt t0ith the bunch of 'en,--rdus NIT en- rous.
Each in its turn through q hungry and bIVnderous
Journey tCeve tried in a lifetime of Ills;
NotU pocket empty our echo is thunderous,
Wunted--the Brand that ,0iH pay of the bills
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20

FOOTBALL MAP HAS BEEN SHIFTED
LOWEST FRONT, WHERE STRONGEST
GRIDIRON ELEVENIS ARE STATIONED
The Withdrawal of Yale, Harvard and Prince
ton Makes Eastern Front Bleak and Barren.
Cornell-Colgate, Pitt-Syracuse Games

EOR been
is
smaller
help
Three
should
academies at West Point and Annapolis playing out their schedules i
middes 1t
and
Virginia
burden and
assum ershi
In the Pennsylvania which appear to be the
College
will
and
lie the
L c he
sta
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20

day follows S;17, 9:17, 1871 1:17 and 3.
The first two trains will bring the spectators
to the club in plenty of time to see the be-
ginning of the morning round. The first two
afternoon trains will be in time to see the
afternoon round begin, Those who come on
the o'clock train should ride to Rydal.
where they will find the fourth and ninth
tees. Somewhere around there they will find
the players.
For those who are near enough to 20 by
roIley, the Old York road trOlleys pass the
front door of the Huntingdon Valley Conn
try Club.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20

{ h c Philadelphia
open with Barnes,
and a year later he
was tied for thir-
teenth place in the
national open. This
year he was second
in the Philadelphia
open. For a year
he was assistant to
Jack McDermott at
Atlantic City. He
is now the chief
professional at tho
p h | lmont Country
Club. He, like Loos,
has beautiful form.
His fine golf has
not spoiled him,
and those who will
watch him a n d
Loos play will see
two of the most
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20
LEONARD TO BOX HERE
MONDAY AGAINST WAGOND

Local fstc fans will have a chance 10
witness a real champion in action when
Benny Leonard, worlds lightweight title
holder, meets Eddie Wagond, OF this city,
in the wind-up at the Olympia. on Monday
night.
Young Mahoney, OF Hazleton, Is down
on the cards 70 tackle Young Blades. Pete
Howell meets Young Medway. Tommy Ho-
gan hooiSe up With Eddie segal, and the
ana Jack Ltater
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20

maQ0 the lowest
score last year that
had ever been made
up to that time, and
that he in the recent
Western open regis
tered the lowest total
ever made in this
country. We know
him as one of the
longest of drivers
and one of the best
wielders of the iron.
We are aware that
Loos this year in
winning the Shawnee
open was so far ahead
of the other pros
that there was moth
ing to it. We remem-
ber when he tied for
that title two years
ago, and he was only
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20


leave, but after a while they will have moth
ing but army leavngs," as Warren Ham
ilton calls them. Here IS an opportunity
to aid these fellows, many of whom are
Philadelphia golfers, for more than 1000
members of our local golf clubs are In the
service.
Miss Mildred Caverly has not been play
ing very Gcoi golf for some time. She
said so herself at the Whtemarsh Valley
Country Club last Sunday Yet, after
watching Barnes, Loos, Buxton and Max
well play that never-to-be forgotten forty
two-hole match she went out the next day
and made the lowest score ever registered
by woman player at the Philadelphia
Cricket Club
You have always marveled at the diff
ference between professional and amateur
golf. 1t is not all in the drive. OF course
these long drives help a lot, but one Of the
best things about professionals play is
the way he lays his approach shots dead to
the pin. Run out to Huntingdon Valley
and see how these four experts do II.
Barnes in His Own Great Class
We all know that Barnes is the western and
Philadelphia open champion that he won the
professional championship last year; that he
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20
Donaghy Ignored Signs and Came to Grief

a and bel all
IL of
Ia he cares nothn II
Khayyam and Houess
he
made up Won i a
okhh fora a friend of his
bad no co
my on omars
t hard
n m goin 10
mad Wayto j.
the menu he
said
me Of took had a special A.
hen he departed
he upright HE
estart1f
hoodOO aerack slipping me
10 thema ALL bacp
OMAR what today
VENT avereda
"A tlmsb in The
a to play
the
~ fafeaa pfneshy person traek
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20

benefit Of the soldiers
tobacco fund. Jim
Barnes, the Cornish
man, and Davie e
Cuthbert. I h e M a n
from st. Andrews,
will be pair q d
against Eddie Loos
and Charlie Hoffner,
two of our best home
breds. Enough said.
The morning match
begins at 10 o'clock
and the afternoon AZ
. o'clock.
All Of us has a
brother or n cousin or
n nephew or a broth
er-in-law or a friend
somewhere in service.
Some of them will be
well supplied with
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20

llOlb at II 1uilNlllb h'lA
Valley. For this
reason, particularly
on I h e approach
shots, 1t takes we'll
judged shots II the
golfer expects to
keep h | 8 scores
down. There Is
only one brook at
the Valley, but it
seems to wander
all over the course.
For those W h o
would go by motor.
the best way is out
the Old York road.
There are only two
tolls to pay for n
total of ten cents.
For those who pre-
fer the trains, the
enhad,,Ia for Cup
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20

graceful golfers In the country,
Cuthbert Is from st. Andrews, and after
he had served as a professional at several
courses on the other side he came to this
country, and his first job was at Hunting
don Valley and he has been there ever since.
Davy has the real Scotch burr when he
speaks, and he is one the finest golf teach
ers in the country. T.e is no mean player,
but his game has suffered because he has
had to devote so much Of his time to teach
ing. But put Cuthbert on his home course
and he will make all OF the other pros sit
up and take notice.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20

UENOR woman is only a woman, but
II good cigars a smoke" Thus wrote
Kipling and lest we forget, there Will be
big thirty-six hole exhibition match OF golf
at Huntingdon Valley tomorrow for the
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20
PROFESSIONAL GOLFERS WILLIE PLAY
VALLEY COUNTRY CLUB TOMORROW
If Weather Is Fair, ord-Breaking Crowd Will
Watch Exhibition of Experts for Benefit
of Soldiers Tobacco Fund
BY PETER PUTTER

that with all his grace his shots are OF
the finest
Charlie Hoffner was just twenty-one
years old the other day When he was a
boy of thirteen he tied for third place I'm
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20

beaten after extra holes. Those who
have seen him play know that there is
no more graceful player in the country, and
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20
Hazards Aplenty at the Valley

Inasmuch as there are twenty-odd water
hazards to be carried either on the drive or
approach, It is not very hard to botch up n
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20

stander, "a greater backAeld th,, ~.
Coy and Heston?" Not unless SAN. inoN
fiction, "''o limits v
The Solace
The melancholy daps ara r,or
10 grab an ancient Dheese-
When putting green's are on the ,.-.
And frost is or the tees:
And net around the Nineteenth Boi.
The dub. no longer blue,
Con dream along Dith buoyart soul
OF busting Sc.
Freshmen contests on the sr,a,,o, az.
season will take on added importano. ~
interest. The Harvard Princeton AffaI, \.
for Princeton on November 10 alr,.s.
gives promise of more than drifting nj,
Jack Munroe never won n charnplon,h.
But those who fought with him m N.
Princess Pats are willing to take an o.n
that he stands as the greatest hKhter n
them all from John Lawrence Sullivan ~
beyond Jess willard Jack fought n |,
game where gloves were Of little use--And
where a fight to finish meant A nnsb
without another start.
What was McGraws comment on IA,
series?" asks a reader As we es n
his statement was as follows 81 thouft
we'd used up all the ways there were beior,
But I've seen a new way to lose a ssti1s,
anyhow"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20

IJAvERFoRD and
IL should
a a
opponents
in
ant
he
the meantime the quarterback had wrigg
all he
he
a
A.
OF
a
TNERE a n
II says a The note
of his off
n
resul in
to do is
keepq for
shou profit
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-10-20
EDUCATIONAL
Both Sexes
Shorthand, Typewriting,
Bookkeeping

Ben Pitman and Gregg
Shorthand, and the latest
methods of bookkeeping
are taught. Two hundred
typewriting machines are
used. All modern office
devices are installed. The
courses are thorough and
comprehensive. Classes
for beginners are now be-
ing organized. Enter now.
Write, call or phone for Catalog N 7
Phone Diamond 631
TEMPLE UNIVERSITY
Broad ST., below BerkS
Philadelphia
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1917-11-23
Mongoose as Cat Understudy.

Islands in the tropical or semi-trop-
icai seas furnish ideal conditions for
rats, and in many instances they have
increased until they have become in
tolerable pests. threatening the total
ruin of the inhabitants. On one O
cane plantation in Puerto Rico $4,000
rats We're killed in less than six
months.
In Jamaica an effort was made 10
suppress them by introducing the mon
goose, which resulted in the establish
ment of a second pest. In the Ha-
waiian islands the introduction of the
mongoose caused the rats TO take ref
uge IN the tree-tOps, where many of
them have nests and have arboreaI
habits, like squirrels. Wherever pres
ent on these islands the ongoo has
rendered it exceedingly difficult 10
raise domestic fowls of any kind
National Geographic Magazine.