davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
SGT.
Star Lake News.

Miss Gladys Hanson, of winchester,
guest of Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Fred
rickson, spent few days in Sayner
with her relatives, Mr.. and Mrs. Say
ner, returned here wednesday with
her sister Miss Clara Gunderson of
vinegar. They left for their homes
Friday.
Mr.. F. j. Strong of Eagle River
drove over Monday returning to his
home with Mr.. and Mrs. August F.
Krakow, in their new Ford.
Louis Cook and Francis Morgan of
Eagle River were Star Lake visitors
Monday.
Mrs. Fred Fredrickson and daugh-
tiers Hazel and Edith, and guests,
Misses Clara Gunderson and Gladys
Hanson, motored to Lost Lake and
Sayner, Thursday.
Misses Leona and Edna Manthey of
Necedah arrived Saturday at the home
of Mr.. and Mrs. j. o. Mykleby. They
were formerly residents of Star Lake.
Miss Leona returned home Sunday.
Mrs. George Silverthorne and sons
George and Henry, j. w. Oliver, Mr..
Leo Graybill and Miss Kate L:ebl
motored to Eagle River Saturday,
where Mr.. Graybill took the army
examination.
Mr.. A. j. Mykleby of Arbor Vitae
was again in town Sunday.
Mrs. F. Fredrickson. Hazel and
Edith, and Pearl Rayburn, motored
to Minocqua and Eagle River, Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. Krakow, Elsie and
Martha Mykleby, Leona Manthey and
Robert Schrake motored to Sayner
Saturday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Alfred Morgan of
Eagle River were Sunday visitors at
the home of Mr.. and Mrs. j. B. Cook.
Mr.. and Mrs Alfred Hegstrom of
Conover and Mr.. RuG 0lph Gehrke Of
Arbor Vitae were Su day visitors at
the home of Mr. and Mrs. j. o. My
kleby.
/ Mr.. Dockstader, conductor on the
Fisherman's Special, caught e
pound musky Sunday.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
Don'f Worry.

You need not worry. If you
are registered for select service
you have two alternatives:
Either your "key" number is
drawn, or is it not. If not, you
need not worry. If it is, you
have two alternatives:
Either you are exempted, or
you are not. If exempted, you
need not worry. IF not, you
have two alternatives:
Either you are called into
training camp, or you are not.
If not, you need not worry. II
you are, you have two alterna-
tives:
Either you are sent to France,
or you are not. If not, you need
not worry. If you are, there are
two alternatives:
Either you fight, OF you don't
fight. If you don't, you need
not worry. If you do, there are
two alternatives:
Either you get hurt, or you
don't. If you don't, you need
not worry. If you do, there are
two alternatives:
Either you recover or you
don't. If you do, you need not
worry. If you don't, you viii
never need worry again.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
Board of Review.

Notice is hereby given that the
Board of Review for the Town
of Lincoln will meet at its office
in Eagle River or Monday, Aug
ust Goth, for the purpose Of re-
viewing the tax roll and for such
other business as may come be-
fore said board.
VIM. A. WEST,
sgt. Clerk.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
Visited the Erwin Families.

Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar Luebner
and Mr.. and Mrs. Herman Re
duechal OF Wausau and Ray
Swift of Odanah were last week
guests\of the Chas. and George
Erwin families in Eagle River
and Meta lake. They left Satur-
day by auto for Wausau.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
PERSONALS
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.

ESSEESzGesssS,G:@ss .ess,1,e@s'fss99'SS
Miss Dorothy Hunter left last
Thursday for Robbins.
Vim. Pesterson returned to Sey-
mour, Wis, Monday after a
visit with his brother, John
Feidler.
John HUM returned to his
home at Black Creek last week
after a visit at the homes OF his
relatives.
George Kirkpatrick, mechanic
at Burkle's garage, left last
night for a weeks visit at Mil
waukee.
Miss Rose We'll arrived home
Sunday morning for vacation
period from hospital duties IN
Chicago.
Mrs. Schuyler Sawyer of Wau-
sau arrived Friday for an outing
with the Cooks at their cabin
on Boot lake.
Miss Beatrice Thrun returned
to Seattle, Wash, Monday after
spending a few weeks with rela-
tives and friends here.
Mrs. Ray Denoyer of Ironwood
arrived Monday to visit relatives
in town. Mrs. Denover was
formerly Miss Anna Erwin.
Mrs George Robinson of Chi
cago is a guest at the Walleck
home on Duck lake, arriving the
latter part of last week.
After a lengthy visit at Apple
ton, Mrs. ]. Hess and grandson
Kenneth Mcintyre arrived home
the early part of last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. P. D. Walsh en-
tertained two of their old-time
friends who came up last Thurs
from Three lakes for a days
visit.
Miss Alma Klemm returned to
her Chicago home last Thursday
after a month visit at the Her
man Rade home north of Eagle
River.
Mrs. A. S. Lalla arrived last
week from Little Rock, Ark,
and is spending several weeks
here with her husband, A. S.
Lalla, the land man.
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert Finch OF
Phelps were guests of Mrs.
Finch's parents Mr.. and Mrs.
Vim. Dyer at Eagle River the
latter part of last week.
Hunter Case of Phelps was a
county seat visitor last Satur-
day, being in attendance at the
meeting of the county board of
education, he being a member of
the same.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hilbert Jonker
are entertaining Miss Ella Luter-
man at their home on Main
street, who arrived last Tuesday
from Ackley, Iowa, for a vaca-
ton visit.
Lieutenant John c. Milsted,
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
First pub. Aug 15-Last Aug. 30 -3w
Notice.

To the owner or owners of land within and
adjoining section 9 OF township 40 north
of range east, Villas county, Wisconsin.
Take notice that, in accordance with pro-
visions OF sections $50 500, both inclusive,
Wisconsin statutes 1915, l viii on the Dist
day OF Aug, 1917, at 9 O'Clock in the fore
noon, commence to make a survey Of said
sec. of township 40 north of range east,
Villas county, Wisconsin, at the sw corner of
said section 9-40-9 east
Dated at Eagle River, Wis, Aug, s, 1917
DANIEL GRAHAM,
County Surveyor
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
First pub. Aug. last Aug. 15-3w
Notice.

TO the owner or owners of land within and
adjoining section 3, OF township 80 north.
OF range 1 o east, Villas county, Wisconsin.
Take notice that, in accordance with the
provisions of section S27A, Wisconsin stat
utes 1915, [ will on the Goth day of Aug
1917. at 9 90 O'Clock in the forenoon, com
mence to make Il survey of said section 3, OF
township 80, north of range 10 east, Villas
county, Wisconsin, at the northwest corner
post of said section 3-39-10.
Dated at Eagle River, Wis, Aug |, 1917.
DANIEL GRAHAM,
County Surveyor.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeg
CHURCH NOTES
5Nassssssssssssssaess
LUTHERAN CHURCH
Mission Feast Sunday.

The Lutheran church will cele-
brate its annual Mission Feast
next Sunday. There will be
German service at 1890 a. m.
and English service at 7:30 p. m.
Rev. VIM. Kuecher of Wabeno
will preach in both services
A cordial invitation is extended
to all.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
DANCING Has peteriorated.

Dancing in its earliest form among
primitive races, was a mode of ex-
preston for strong emotions, such as
joy or sorrow, love and passion, and
even for the most solemn religious
sentiment, bat in later ages it has be-
come an amusement and has lost its
high Significance.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15

who landed some large muskies
in this vicinity last year is ex-
pected in a day or two in search
of some diversion before re-
turning to his station.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
First pub Aug. Last Aug. 15th-3w
Notice

To the owner or owners of land within and
adjoining section 9, of township 40 north
OF range east, Villas county, Wisconsin.
Take notice that, in accordance with the
provisions Of section S25 S29, both nclu-
Sive, Wisconsin statutes 1915, L will on the
18th day Of Aug, 1917, at 900 O'Clock in the
forenoon, commence to make survey OF said
sec. g. of township 40, north of range 9
east Villas county, Wisconsin, at southeast
corner of said section 9-40-9
Dated at Eagle River, Wis, Aug. 1, 1917.
DANIEL GRAHAM,
County Surveyor.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
First pub. Aug. Last Aug. 15-3w.
Notice.

To the owner or owners of land within and
adjoining section 20 of township 40 north
OF range 8 east, Villas county. Wisconsin.
Take notice that, in accordance with pro-
visions of sections S25 500, both inclusive
Wisconsin statutes 1915, l will on the 10th
day of Aug. 1917, at O'Clock in the fore
noon, commence to make a survey of said
section 26 of township 40 north OF range
east, Villas county. Wisconsin, at the south
west corner OF said section 26-40-9.
Dated at Eagle River, Wis. Aug. /. 1917.
DANIEL. GRAHAM
County Surveyor
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
Notice.

Teachers examination will be
held at Eagle River Aug. Dist
and 22nd and at Arbor Vitae
Aug. 23rd and Oath.
A. J. AUSTIN,
Co. Supt. of Schools.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
Lenuth of DAY and Nioht.

By simple rule the length of the
day and night, any time of the year,
may be ascertained by simply doubling
the time of the suns rising, which
gives the length of the plight, and
double the time of setting will give
the length of the day.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
VulCaniZing

Have the Burke Garage vul-
canize your defective tubes and
castings. The only perfect vulcan
iziug outfit in this section. 25tf
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
Attend Convention.

Mines. F. ]. and Ben Strong
are at Amigo attending the
state w. {. T. U. convention,
they representing Eagle Rivers
local order.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
PAID ADS.
For Sale.

80 acres lake shore land at
Stevens lake; over 80 rods water
front; 1 So miles east OF Eagle
River; lake is so rods south Of
Everett's road. Ask for owner.
S-4t* TOHN E. AHO
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
First pub. Aug. last Sept. 12-6w.
Summons

Summons
State of Wisconsin, in Circuit court Villas
county
Brown Bro theirs Lumber Company Plaintiff.
VS.
Rex AndreU vs. Defendant
The state of Wisconsin to the said defendant.
You are hereby summoned to appear within
twenty days after service Of this summons,
exclusive of the day OF service, and defend
the above entitled action in the Circuit court
afore said; and in case of your failure so to do
judgment win be rendered against you
according to the demand OF the complaint.
SAM S. MILLER,
Plaintiffs Attorney.
p. @. Address, Rhinclander, Wisconsin
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
FOR SALE.

Fresh mich COWS and one re-
gistered Holstein bull for sale.
JAMES MORGAN & SONS,
1S,tf Eagle River, Wis.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
First pub July Hast Aug. 1j-6w
Summons.

oIFIITIIUIIS.
State of wisconsin. in Circuit Court for Villas
County.
Nichols & Frissell co-partnership, Plaintiff,
W. Paul Loveland, Defendant.
The State of Wisconsin to the said Defendant
You are hereby summoned TO appear within
twenty days after service of this summons,
exclusive of the day of service, and defend the
above entitled action in the court aforesaid;
and in case of your failure so to do Judgment
win be rendered against you according to the
demand of the complaint, OF which a copy is
herewith served upon you.
GEO. e. O'CoNNOR.
Plaintiffs Attorney.
Post office address: Eagle River, Villas COun-
ty, Wisconsin.
N B. The original summons and complaint in
the above entitled action are now on file in
the Office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court of
Villas County, Wisconsin.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
Money to Loan.

Farmers who wish long time
loan at 5 per cent, address ''Kee"
care Villas County News. 27tf.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
Position Wanted.

Cooking preferred, competent
at general homework. Mrs. M
Anderson, care A. A. Denton,
Eagle River, Wis. 15-1t*
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
For Sale.

One dozen broilers, eighteen
hens; milk fattened; 60 cents
straight if taken at once. Write
&c. W. Smith Conover Wis. 15-1t
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
ADVERTISING RATES.

r,,or I n incbas one tfme.......... SIS inch
= 90. I n incbaS D ar more times - inch
Less than l o inches. single week.. 20 men I
Less than 10 in, 2 or more wks.. 10 men
Yearly cOntract.............1O cents per lhch
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
OImSted'S Auto Livery.

Now ready for 1917 business. The
same quick, caretaking service to pa
irons. Anywhere and at any time.
Day or night. Phone GO or call up
Hotel Commercial.
27tf. Howard Olmstead.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15

Born to Mr.. and Mrs. Francis
Gibson, Monday, August 18th
"a daughter.
Vilas County news. [volume] (Eagle River, Vilas County, Wis.) 1896-1927, 1917-08-15
BIRTHS

Born TO Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur
Jackson, town of Pennington,
Monday, August 5th-a daugh-
ter.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-03-08
WINTER HEATING IS
DIFFICULT PROBLEM
Exact Temperature Required to
Save Blossom Buds in Cold
Weather Not Known.

Because of the difficulties In heat
ing peach orchards in winter, horti-
culturists at the Ohio experiment sta
ton advise growers to avoid such OPP
erations by planting hardy varieties
and selecting favorable planting sites.
The exact temperature required to
save the blossom buds In extreme cold
winter weather is not known, as va
rieties differ In hardness and the same
variety may show some variation in re-
sistance to coid from year to year.
Without this knowledge orchardists
in some cases may waste fuel, while at
other times buds may be frozen be-
cause the fires do not keep the tenn
perature high enough. Watching Their
mometers and keeping, fires In zero
weather is trying work. Spring or
chard heating, however, has long been
considered successful.
On suitable locations peach crops
may be secured annually If hardy va.
rieties are planted, these specialists
say. Winter heating Is therefore un.
necessary In such cases.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-03-08
KEEPING OF SHEEP
is GOOD PRACTICE
Advocated as Most Profitable by
Arizona Station-Keep the
Rams Separate.

The keeping Of few sheep on the
farm Is a practice advocated as most
profitable by the animal husbandry
department of the Arizona agricultural
experiment station. w. S. Cunning
ham of the department says that 1t
has been found that on the average
about twenty ewes and their lambs can
be maintained and fattened on the
bitches and waste feed of each 40
acres of land. Each eve should pro.
duce q fleece worth $1.50, and her
lamb at weaving time should be worth
So. Since the fencing is pa:d for by
the saving Of expense in ditch clean
ing and the sheep are fed on other
wise worthless feed, they should show
a splendid profit.
Mr.. Cunningham also says that it is
believed that johnson grass may be
eradicated from fields by pasturink
with sheep, and the station is now
carrying on experiments cling this
line.
The rams should be kept separate
from the ewes except during :he breed
ing season.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-03-08
FACTOR IN MAKING
HORSE COMFORTABLE
Ventilation Should Be Attended
to, Especially During Sc
we're Winter Weather. i

Protection from heat and storm in
summer and from cold and storm In
winter is the biggest factor in making
a horse comfortable at night, points
out DIR. c. w. McCampbell, associate
professor of animal husbandry in the
Kansas State Agricultural college.
SIN summer a paddock or pasture
with access to a shed may be used,
and is preferable with idle horses. A
barn which at all times should be well
ventilated but free from drafts may be
used" said Doctor McCampbell.
"In this climate the horse should
have access to an open shed or stable
at night in the winter time, and venti-
lation should be looked to mt this time
particularly, as 1t is really more like
ly to be neglected then than in sum-
mer."
A box stall Is best, but is not always
practical, believes Doctor McCampbell.
In any case each horse should have a
stall to himself, and the stall should
be large enough for the horse to lie
down in comfort.
The floor may be made of cement,
boards, or dirt, but in any case plenty
Of clean, fresh bedding should be pro-
vided.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-03-08
PEDIGREED SCRUBS
In GREAT DEMAND
Too Many Breeders Who Buy and
Sell live Stock Entirely on
Their Pedigrees.

"The present enormous demand for
purebred live stock Is responsible for
supplying a market for about every
animal, good, bad and Indifferent, that
can boast of a pedigree"
This is the way the situation looks
to George G. Humphrey, who, as chief
of the department of animal husban-
dry of the College Of Agriculture, has
aided stockmen in every section of
the state In the formation of COM
munity breeders associations for the
improvement and development Of the
live stock industry in their respective
communities.
'"The leaders in all Of these organi-
cations realize" says Mr.. Humphrey,
that their future success In the live
stock industry must be built on a
purebred and bred-for-production
basis. There are, however, far too
many who buy and sell stock entirely
on their pedigrees, backed by no rec
ord of performance or production.
st is q safer investment by far to
pay double the price for good pro-
ducer, or one whose ancestors were
good producers, than it is to invest in
n pedigreed scrub"
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-03-08
FALLING HAIR MEANS
DANDRUFF IS ACTIVE
Save Your HairI Get a rs Ger. Bottle
Of Danderine Right Now--AIso
Stops itching Scalp.

Thin, brittle, coiorless and scraggy
hair is mute evidence Of neglected
scalp; of dandrufr-that awful scurf.
There Is nothing so destructive to
the hair as dandruff. 1t robs the hair
of Its luster, Its strength and its very
life; eventually producing a feverish'
ness and itching of the scalp. which
If not remedied causes the hair roots
to shrink, loosen and die-then the
hair falls out fast. A little Danderine
tonight-now-any time-will surely
save your hair.
Get % cent bottle Of Knowlton's
Danderlne from any store. and after
the first application your hair win
take ON that life, luster and luxuriance
which is so beautiful. 1t will become
wavy and fluffy and have the appear
nnce of abundance an incompatible
gloss and softness, but what will
please you most VIII be after Just 4
few weeks use, when you will actual.
iy see lot Of fine, downy hair-new
hair-grawing all over the scalp. ADV.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-03-08

Of the breathing hole OF the grub. One
or two applications win usually be suf.
fcient, The objection to this method Is
that The wounds do not heal readily
unless the grubs are removed.
Some have claimed that the arsenleal
and coal tar dips can be used In the
case Of large herds which cannot read.
lily be treated by direct removal OF the
grubs. 1t still remains 10 be deter
mined, however. whether practical
means OF eradication can be made by
the use OF dips. Dips applied during
spring and summer viii no doubt kill
many maggots and eggs which are at
tached to hairs on the animals bodies.
The adult of the OK MARBLE Is fly
about half an inch long, very hairy, and
resembles small black honey bee. The
females in depositlng their eggs on cat
tie worry and torment the animals and
frequently cause them to stampede for
shelter or water. The fly does not
sting or bite, but the animals seem to
hive an instructive dread Of its APP
proach Just as the horse has for the
botfiy.
Fish oil, train oil, and other sub
stances are often recommended as
spray to keep off MARBLE flies. To be
effective, their use would have to be
continued during spring and early sum-
mer, and such practice would be diff
flcult and expensive and impracticable
except In the case Of small herds Of
valuable cattle.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-03-08
BILIOUS, HEADACHY,
SICK ''CASCARETS'
Gently cleanse your liver and
sluggish bowels while
- you sleep.
Get a 10-cent box.


!. Sick headache, biliousness. dizzi-
ness. coated tongue, foul taste and foul
breath-always trace them to torpid
liver; delayed. fermenting food in the
bowels or sour, gassy stomach.
Poisonous matter clogged in the In
testines, instead Of being cast out
of the system is re-absorbed into the
blood. When this poison reaches the
delicate brain tissue 1t causes con,
gestion and that dull, throbbing. sick
ening headache.
Cascarets Immediately cleanse the
stomach, remove the sour, undigested
food and foul gases, take the excess
bile from the. liver and carry out all
the constipated waste matter and
poisons in the bowels.
A Cascaret. tonight win surely
straighten you out by morning. They
work while you sleep-a 1ocent boz
from your druggist means your head
clear. stomach sweet and your liver
and bowels regular for months. Adv
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-03-08
indian Rattleax Found.

A copper banner stone or ceremonial
weapon of ancient Indian days, which
YVES recently unearthed In Fond du
Lac during the digging of sewer, 10
described and pictured In the last ls-
sue of the Wisconsin Archaeologlst.
The weapon Is shaped like an an
Client battleax and has two blades ana
hole for handle. II was found SIX
feet In the earth and Is believed to
have been lost on the lake shore many
ages ago, before the lake receded to
Its present level, or buried by later
generation of Indians. A cache of In.
terestlng Indian relics and weapons
was dug up In the same city several
years ago.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-03-08
EXAMINE CATTLE IN WINTER FOR GRUBs

The characteristic Jumps or swell
ings which may be found under the
skin on the backs of many cattle from
January until April contain grubs. II
these grubs are allowed to remain, they
win complete their growth, drop to the
ground and transform to heel flies
which may reinfest the cattle during
the spring and summer. according 20 I.
]. Talbert OF the University Of Mis-
souri, College Of Agriculture. The grabs
weaken the cattle, cause them 10 fnil
off In flesh and milk. and decrease the
value Of the hide. The beef in the Inn
mediate vicinity Of grub becomes
Shiny and Of greenish color, and is
known to the butcher as clicked beef"
On an average, the damage to the hides
Is placed at one-third their value and
the loss of beef to each infested animal
ranges from So to So.
The grubs may be pressed out
through the opening at the top OF the
swelling. A sharp knife and a pair
Of tweezers will often facilitate the
work of removing the grubs. Care
should be taken to crush all the grubs
removed, to prevent their further de-
velopment and transformation into
flies. 1t is advisable to examine the
cattle for Jumps or swellings over the
back every two or three weeks during
late winter and early spring to detect
the pest, Various oils are often used.
The lotion is either smeared over the
Infested region, or applied to the mouth