davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01
Widest Rush to>Sell Since
Opening of War Marks
First Hour of Session
Prices Off Two to Twenty
Points Under Heavy
Liquidation.
United States Steel Goes
Below Par, But Receivers
Later Cotton Market
Breaks Wide Open and
Prices Take Drop Of More
Than $25 a Bale.

New York, Feb. 1.-The wild
est rush to sell Stocks that has
been seen on the New York
stock exchange since the be-
ginning of the war reflected to-
day the stock market view Of
Germany's announcement of
her intention to resume unre-
stricted submarine warfare.
Prices fell under huge 1iqui-
dation from two to 20 points,
the wave of selling affecting
all classes Of stocks. 4 United
States Steel, which closed last
night at 112, fell below par.
Apparent efforts to support
the market soon after the de-
moralized opening proved in
effective until about 1870,
when the market showed some
signs of rallying.
international Mercantile Marine is
sues, which perhaps would be most
directly affected by the German re-
strictions, were the heaviest sufferers,
the preferred selling at 65, off more
than II points, and the common los
ing eight points to 20.
Conservative stock market interests
10 II ficfo oti0 No. \, A,.o
mendous interest Of the public in the
the big declines which occurred when
the peace situation became a factor
in the market last December.
In the subsequent rally Steel re-
covered to 9103 LIZ. Utah Copper,
cred IL and there was substantial
improvement in the rest Of the list.
It became evident that stocks were
receiving support from strong quar-
ters. Marines preferred picked up
six points to II. The market con-
tinued tremendously active and the
floor Of the exchange was a scene
Of tense excitement. United States
Steel was turned over in large lots
between 103, and 104. Bethlehem
Steel at 375 was off 26 points.
Sales during the first hour reached
more than 100000 shares, as COM
pared with 236,SO0 shares during the
same period yesterday.
Prices fuctuated with extreme ra-
pidity during the early trading, rallies
and further recessions alternating in
bewilderipg confusion. Additions to
early losses included United Fruit,
which, broke IL points, Pittsburgh
Coal, II VI; Columbia Gas. 9ss. and
New York air Brake; 8 points. Beth
1ehem Steel on further sale made
an extreme loss of SO points
Commission houses were among the
heaviest sellers in early trading, or
ders coming from all parts Of the
country.
The urgency of the selling, which
lContinued on Page %
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01
Especial to The Farmer.)

Hartford, Feb. 1.-Dhe international
crisis brought about by the German
declaration Of a policy Of ruthless
warfare, received some attention in
the Senate today when Senator Hem
ingway of Hartford introduced res
olution to- memorialize Congress, ex-
pressing to President Wilson the 10y
atty and confidence of the Connecticut
people.
Senator Hemingway called for a
suspension of the rules SO that the
immediate adoption Of the. measure
could be effected, but after several
members had been heard a. roll call
vote on the motion for suspension of
rules was 18 to- 7 against it.
The senator read the resolution,
which was rather long. 1t stated that
the General Assembly of Connecticut
would approve any course of action
undertaken by the president, to in
sure peace, compatible with the in
tegrity and honor of the United States
among nations.
Senator Klett Of New Britain rose
to oppose the immediate passage of
the resolution. He said his attitude
is as it was two years ago, that the
General Assembly should refrain
from petitioning Congress on matters
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01
REPUBLICAN, Votes KILL
RESOLUTION TO EXPRESS
FEALTY OF CONNECTICUT

of foreign relations, and further it is
impossible for the General Assembly
to know what course President Will
SON may pursue.
Senator Bartlett opposed the sus-
pension of the rules, because, he said,
of the "meagre', information available
concerning the crisis.
Senator P. B. O'Sullivan Of Derby
advocated the suspension of the rules.
He said it, was no more than right
that the state should go on record in
such a crisis.
To this Senator Klett replied that
it was not the function of the Assem-
bly, to comment on newspaper state
ments A roll call vote was demand
ed then by Senator O'Sullivan, on the
motion for suspension of the rules
Eighteen senators voted mo" and
Z "Yes.'' The affirmative was ex-
pressed by seven of the eight Demo-
cratic senators present. Senator
Broder Of Hartford was the eighth.
The resolution was then referred
to the committee on Federal relations.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01
WEST END MAN
DYING, UNABLE
TO OBTAIN AID
Charities Department Inac-
tive While Father Of Three
\ Wastes Away.

Lying in gloomy three room
apartment, the dank atmosphere OF
which is never penetrated by a
cleansing ray Of sunshine, Steve Ko.
vacs, of 609 Bostwick avenue, is dy-
ing of consumption. His wife, frail
quiet young woman of wistful coun-
tenance, is wagingl a hard battle to
earn enough money to obtain susten-
Aance for their three children; save
them from her husbands fate; and
still keep the breath in his body.
But she is losing the battle. A
scrubwoman's earnings are hardly
sufficient to keep herself, let alone
buy medicine, pay doctors bills, keep
the rent up and feed the little ones.
Kovacs is doomed.
He receives no care during the day.
His wife is busy scrubbing in nearby
factories or bending her weakened
frame over a washboard in some pri-
vate family. She must work to feed
theN babies-the Oldest Of which is
five and the youngest two years
even if she cannot be Of any help to
her unfortunate husband.
The charities board several weeks
ago was notified of the famiIy's plight
and an investigator of the department
was sent to the house. They put
Kovacs through third degree ex-
animation, verbal and physical, which
he admitted to-day left him breath
less. They sent him few baskets of
coal and there ended their efforts to
aid him. He wanted to be sent to
an institution where he could get
care, medicine and food, but he still
remains at his home his children and
wife breathing the miasmatical air OF
the apartment, their danger of be-
coming infected with the disease be-
ing two-fold, because Of their inabil-
|ity to obtain proper food. At least
Is other persons who live herded in
the tenement are exposed to needless
danger.
Three months ago Kovacs took to
his bed. He had up to that time
been employed in the American
Graphophone factory. He earned
good wages and he and his family
lived happily. He had few dollars
saved, he was only 80 years of age
and some day in the roseate future
which he visualized he would possess
a home Of his own.
Continued on Page -
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01

ItWaS disclosed that President Will
son and Secretary Lansing had a con-
ference last night, although it was then
denied that they had conferred at all.
It was indicated today that before
the course of the United States was
made public there were certain neces-
sary steps to be taken.
Senator Hitchcock, Democrat, mem
Der Of the Senate foreign relation
committee, was at the White House
early today but said he did not dis
cuss the submarine question.
Passports for Count Won Bernstorff,
orders for recall of Ambassador Ger
ard, solemn warnings to Berlin that
breach of her pledges means severance
of diplomatic relations, or tense wait
ing for an overt act which would
sweep aside diplomacy and bring the
American government to the point of
action, are among the contingencies
that fill the situation today.
President Wilson conferred with Col
E. M House. his friend and adviser,
who was hurried1y summoned from
New York. Early today he had not
called any meeting Of the cabinet nor
any conference with the foreign affairs
of Congress-. who has been
assured of being taken into the Presi-
dents confidence before diplomatic re-
lations are broken off.
Germany's sudden declaration Of
her intention to destroy without warn
ing all shipping o~er a wide area
comes as the climax to long series
of aggravated cases in which the
United States has gathered evidence
that her pledges to respect 1nterna-
tional law at sea have been broken.
A score Of American lives have
been lost since the slate was wiped
by Germanys promises after the Sus-
sex case, but in each case conflicting
testimony complicated the examlna-
tions. Germany said she was willing
in each case to make amends if her
commanders had violated
their orders.
An evidence Of the efforts of the
embassy here to keep relations tran
quill is found in a comparison of the
note handed yesterday to Secretary
Lansing by Count Won Bernstorff
with the one handed by the Berlin
foreign office to Ambassador Gerard.
The note published in Berlin an
nounces Q in bold terms the determin-
alton of Germany to WELD every
weapon at her command without
quarter, while the note presented to
the American state department says
the same thing in softened language.
The German embassy for months
has been building up an atmosphere
of hopefulness and at one time it was
said that Won Tirpitz, who originated
the campaign of ruth1essness, actual
ly has been forced from his high po-
sition by influences brought to bear
by the German ambassador here in
an effort to preserve good relations
with the United States. Now, 1t is
frankly disclosed that Won Tirpitz was
because he did not carry his
of ruthlessness far enough
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01
LONDON AWAITS
ACTION OF U. S.
ON U-B0AT NOTE

London, Feb. 1.-The German dec
laration of unrestricted war at sea
has created a profound sensation in
England, where it was unexpected
All interest centers on the policy
which neutral maritime nations will
adopt.
The decision of the United States
is awaited with the most intense in
terest as it is recognized that it will
have strong influence on other neu-
trails and be the most important fac
tor in the solution Of one Of the most
serious crises of the war.
officials decline to discuss the 4ues-
ton formally at present
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01

Confronted in open court this morning by the menacing
figure Of indignant wife, whose honor she said he be
srarced and whose decency she alleged he outraged,
William A. Halliday in paroxysm of rage, clenched his
teeth his seat in the courtroom and started for
Mrs Halliday occupied the witness chair when she point
blank charged him with arson.
Court officers rushed and grabbed him. and at the request
Of his counsel Judge E. K Nicholson led him to dock With
the dramatic effect Of born actor Halliday cutched at his
heart grabbed the rail of the dock and leaned heavily against
Court Ca1ger Fnneean as thou gh fanting. S.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01
new YORK PORT OPENED
TO SHIPPING; INTERNED
STEAMERS ARE GUARDED

New York, Feb. l.-After being
sealed all night by Gordon of de-
stroyers and coast guard patrol boats
the port of New York was opened to-
day by the custom authorities to all
incoming and outgoing shipping. The
stand taken by the collector Of the
port was that ships could sail at their
own risk. They were permitted to
clear as usual.s
It was understood that the order
closing the port last night was prima-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01

rily intended to prevent the possible
departure during that period Of any
Of the self-interned German liners
without clearance papers The same
course will be lpursued every night for
the present, it is expected.
Docks where German goods are
stored and interned ships ghoored are
under close police guard, it was an
nounced today by acting Police Com
missioner Cooley. He said men had
been sent to assist the neutrality
guard of the port.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01

Following the conference between President Wilson and
Secretary Lansing the opinion became prevalent
quarters that break of diplomatic relations Germany
seemed inevitable though it thought probable that an
ultmaum of warning to the Berlin government might pre-
cede this action.
Just before Secretary lansing working alone
IN his office all morning went to the White House con-
ference with President Wilson t5s
Secretary Lansing replied to questions:
Il can say absolutely nothing about the situation"
Asked whether he could whether any steps had vet
been taken, he replied
Il cannot answer that question either"
After conferring with President Wilson hour Sec
retary Lansing refused fatty any staeaent or to in
dicate what action had been decided on.
After the conference it became known today that
German situation is viewed with extreme gravity and
American government had already begun formulate def
mite steps,
It regarded not impossible that action of some
kind had already been aken but there indication of
its nature
There also were indications that of
course OF the would be made until certain steps
had been taken through the navy department the
ury for safeguarding American ports and other interests
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01

from the city water front.
Shortly after the officers refused to
allow tug to assist them the Lieben-
fels stopped sinking. The stern rail
was then only a few feet from the
water and the bow keel was almost
visible.
Even, if the ship does not settle any
more, marine men believe she is in
such condition that she could not be
made seaworthy for some time.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01
WON'T STOP RELIEF WORK

New York, Feb. Herbert Hoover,
chairman Of the Belgian relief COM
mission, is of the opinion that the
new German naval policy will not af-
feet the relief work. The commission
that it has at present AZ
ships under charter. There are at
present from 1 to 8 of the comnis-
sion's ships eastbound, going to Rot
terdam, and from 10 to 20 west
bound.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01
Stafford GOES TO PRISON

New York, Feb Franklin D.
Stafford, the former hotel clerk Of
Plainfield, N. j., who was convicted
for perjury in connection with the
Oliver Osborne CASE, was today SEN
fenced to nine months in prison by
Federal. Judge Hand.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01

In an hour the vessels bow was
high in the water and the stern was
gradually settling, but Capt Klatten-
hoff, with five or six officers, still were
aboard The crew of Lascars were
sent to their homes soon after the ves-
sci tied up here at the outbreak Of the
war.
The steamer, which is Of $3.50 tons
gross, is anchored in between 40 and
so feet Of water, about half mile
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01

Charleston, s. e. Feb 1.-THE German freighter Leben
els ine tied up here since the beginning Of
the war; began sinking slowly at o'clock this morning and
marine men believed she had been scuttled.
This belief be borne out by the fact that the
captain declined the aid Of tugs.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01
WOULD REPEAL BOXING LAW

Albany, Feb. 1.-The repeal of the
law authorizing 10 round no decision
boxing bouts in New York was urged
in special message sent to the legis-
lature today by Gov. Whitman.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01
DIPLOMATIC BREAK SEEMINGLY CERTAIN,
WILSON AND LANSING SILENT ON PLANS;
NlERNED GERMAN VESSEL SUNK AT DOCK
REPORTED THAT COURSE OF UNITED STATES
HAS BEEN DETERMINED BY THE PRESIDENT

vesciss
PreGden
Of State Lansing today silent this nations attitude toward the German
0
with the President H. Hous,h
summons
of the
ereposi determined
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01
THE WEATHER

Unsettled tonight; Friday fair,
colder.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-01

Dramatic Scene in City Courtroom When Woman
on Witness Stand Accuses Husband of Arson
and Tells How He Deliberately Planned to
Recoup His Fortunes by Burning Another's
IS House Makes Expose Because He "Be-
smirched Her Honor Halliday Rushes at
Her But Is Restrained by Policemen.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-09-12
GERMANS HATED IN POLAND.
Germany Hasn't Gained Their Sympa.
thy, Says Won Beseier.

Amsterdam, Sept. Tn a recent
speech in Warsaw Gen. Won Beseler,
governor general of the Russian ter
ritory occupied by the Germans,
frankly admitted that the Germans
had failed to win the sympathes of
the Poles.
eve have experienced much which
we would have preferred not to expe-
rience," he said. He complained of
lack of appreciation of German eff
forts. which he attributed to the am
bilious temperament of the Poles and
their objection to receiving even what
was good from the hands Of others.
"Our work here is made very much
more difficult in this way" he contin-
ued 'The Poles now complain that
there is still no government, but this
is a. matter which cannot be settled
offhand. They must be satisfied with
our temporary rule, which is intended
only for the good of the country"
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-09-12
Shipyards Need White Oak Timber

Shipyards building wooden ships
for the government are in the mar
ket for extra large white-oak con-
struction timbers Or logs of good
quality. The 2,OOO-ton ships now
building each require two rudderposts
OF this species. IA by "a inches, 4U
feet long. Logs measuring % inches
In diameter at the small end will cut
out such timbers and are worth (en.i
or August) from $50 to $50 per thou
sand board feet measured in the log
SUCKS hewed or sawed to this size will
bring $40 to $50 per thousand hoard
feet loaded on the cars within 100
10 2oo miles of the shipyards. Sticks
squared to the size mentioned above
contain 1,120 board feet and would
therefore bring from SIS to $50 each
I. o. b. cars at loading point.
Though these prices apply to the
oouth Atlantic and Gulf shipyards, IL
Is probable that they would also hold
eood Tor those located i'm the North
The yards are also in need Of other
wlite-cak structural timbers for shaft
logs. horn timbers. deck and chock
rails and keel shoes. These range in
sic from by 8 inches by 20 to 20
rect iorg to ID by ii inches TX feet
long.
Farmers having white-oak frees
that Will produce timbers of these
sizes are urged to take advantage of
demand for such material and get IN
touch with shipbuilding concerns.
Farmers living in the vicinity of
port towns could probably secure
from the secretary of the board Of
trade Or chamber of commerce of
such places the names and addresses
oI Shlpyards at such points, or a list
or eastern shipbuilding firms can bc
obtained upon application to the
Forest Service. Department of Apr;-
culture.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-09-12
NEW REVOLUTION IN CHINA.
DIR. Sun Vat Heads Army Of Military
Government.

GOVernment.
Peking, Monday, Sept. 3-(Delay-
ed)-Dr. Sun Yat Sen has been desig
mated commander-in-c -chief of the
army and navy of n new military gov
ernment Of China, proclaimed by
seventy members of the disbanded
Chinese parliament meeting at Can
ton. The military governor at Can
ton is supporting the Peking govern
ment. Fighting between his troops
and the forces Of Sun Vat Sen is. fear
ed. Civilians in Canton are fieinr to
Hongkong.
President Feng Kwo Chang says he
is optimistic over the reconciliation OF
South China. He has informed Amer.
lean Minister Reinsch that he will no,
call popular council or order a par.
liamentary election until he has de.
cided positively which plan is most
acceptable to the provisional officials
Minister Reinsch and representative.
of the other allied powers in order tc
give financial relief to Peking vir.
tually have agreed to the POSTPONE.
ment OF all boxer indemnity pay.
rlents for five years and TO the in.
crease of Chinese import duties to {
per cent. s.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-09-12
WILLIAMS GETS TWO YEARS.
Anderson Deputy Appeals From Man.
slaughter Verdict.

Anderson. Sept. Jim Williams,
one of Sheriff Ashley's deputies. was
given sentence If Two years today
by Judge l. w. Bowman. having. been
convicted Of manslaughter. with rec
ommendation to mercy. Williams kill
ed Barnes Wilson, n former special
employe Of the federal government, on
May "a. Williams was released today
on a $1,000 bond pending his appeal
to the Supreme Court.
The watchman and southron. [volume] (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, 1917-09-12
Service Tests on Bridge Paints.

In order to make study of va
rious bridge paints on tho market. the
Iowa Highway Commission painted
11s test panels In 1914. using different
combinations OF commercial, paints
and Increased the number to 1873 in
1915. These pencils were exposed
to the weather and inspected care
fully. The following tentative con.
clusions have been drawn from these
tests:
or all paints used. the coal tar
paints have proven poorest. In nc
case has a coal tar paint continued to
protect completely the panel from
corrosion for more than Is months
All paints In this class failed. The
only remedies in the field for a fail
ure Is complete removal Of all paint
by burning and scraping. and repaint.
Ing with a good oil paint or frequen,
Irepainting with the same paint. being
very careful to brush the paint on,
well.
The asphaltic paints. as class
crack and check considerably, but
no evidences Of rusting are apparent
The red leads fade and in some cases
check. chalk and crack. 1t Is ad-
visable to use these paints only in
connection with a more stable paint.
The sublimed white leads check
somewhat and show tendency, tC
rust in the cracks. Structures painted
with this class Of paint should be
watched closely to prevent this early
rusting from progressing too far be-
fore repainting. The sublimbed blue
leads check slightly. but to a les.
degree than the white.
The best grades of iron oxide paints
are standing up very we'll. Iron oxide
paints. however. which contain cal
cium sulphate or calcium carbonate
show occasional signs Of dissolution
leaving pit holes in the paint film,
Where the graphite and carbon
paints are placed next to iron, there
are evidences of rusting. When used
as second coat. over a prime coat
of first quality iron oxide or lead
these paints are very serviceable
Zinc chromate or lead chromate
paints have shown up exceedingly
well.
In addition to the study of the be-
havior Of paints on the test panels,
held inspections have been made on
number Of bridges. The results of
these inspections substantiate the
findings by tests and the require
ments of the Iowa Highway Commits
sion's paint specifications,