davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17
4 German View of the War
The Enten Strategic Discussed Illuminating N ay BY an Expert
Writing the "Fanktmtcr Zetung' Of October last

nounced that, In May. 1918, thousand,
hiers from the States will rae 70 the vro,,i
all German war industries. especially IT,
Of Essen" That would not be the frst fp,n.
hone of the Entente. Even an advocate =,
the "over the tor" programme like the .N,s
chester Guardian" must put limits on q,
optimism when it discusses American aid =.
follows:
1.-THE American press has talked rath.,
lightly of making an end to the war via
10000 or 10000 war aeroplanes. II is, ther,-
fore. well that one should remember thl,.
Before America gets to the point Of turnir,
out 10000 war machines she has first 20 tu,,
out one war machine. A number Of eyi,,
machines have been built in America in "A.
last three years, but none of them has bean
of such quality that anybody could think |,
was in the least possible 20 make actual u,.
Of il at the front. Not until the builder,
of American machines have learned to con.
struct aeroplanes and aeropane motor,
which are equal TO the best European model,
should we count, for supplying our deficit
on the American air service. Some experts
are Of the opinion that the autumn Of 1918
will be the earliest period at which tho
American air weapon can be of really ser
Gus use to the Allied cause. But prophecy
is never so dangerous as in war"
The catastrophe of Dunkirk has shown tina.
the German air feet has nothing to fear
from an accentuated air war, and the impo.
tence of the English against air attacks on
.hc fortresses and supply depots Of South.
ern England confirms this opinion. The bomb.
ing war of airplanes threatens 70 take on q
new phase in which terrorism will be a more
nowerful fundamentally than any other.
How otherwise could the bombardment OF
,he omen cities of South Germany be IN.
derstoodO But Germany will prove to her
enemies through the power Of her counter
strokes that also in this field any offensive
can be opposed by greater offensive, and
that for the future there is no other path 10
follow but that indicated by Count Czernin--
universal preparation also for aeroplane war.
The Error
We summarize the matter thus The
strategic problem of the Entente has been
simplifed and at the same time been made
extremely difficult. The Eastern possible
ties have disappeared, yet the solution Of the
strategic question in the West by force 10
hardly to be thought OF. The hope in Elan.
ders runs counter to the power OF the
strategicaI ideas of Hindenburg The French
solution is the beginning Of hopeless resis-
nation. and the "over the top" policy shows,
indeed. the horribleness of radical war
methods. but lacks the living force OF truly
strategical idea. We have no other answer
70 give to our opponents than this: You
cannot avoid an acknowledgment OF your
error. II is the affair Of German power 70
help this acknowledgment to triumph. That
is the principal point on which all Germans
and all our allies are agreed.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17
Men of the Mountains
From The Chicago Tribune


Breathitt County, Ky.-the "bloody
Breathitt" of mountain feud fame-has no
use for the draft. Literally none. More than
Breathitt's quota had volunteered, and no one
eligible remained to be drafted.
History repeats itself in the Southern APP
palachans. Mountaineers tramped from West
Virginia to Massachusetts, in twenty-one DAYS
to join Washington. Mountaineers poured
into New Orleans just before the last battle
Of the War of 1912. They were without arms.
"We1l foller them Tennesseeans," they said
to jackson, "an' every time one falls we'll
inherit his gun" During the Civil War
mountaineers fought valianty for the Union.
In the Spanish war the tallest, heaviest re-
cruits were mountain men. Great fellows,
those contemporary ancestors" of ours-a
national asset
And yet there is film, very popular just
now. that confuses them with the poor
whites" Nothing could be more absurd. The
"poor whites" were so christened by their
black neighbors, whereas the mountaineers,
$500. 900 strong, rarely see a negro. On first
beholding one mountain girl yelled at the
top Of her lungs: "Goddamighty! The boogie
mani" Poor whites are degenerate; not in
CAPABLE of improvement, but a low class
originally and still low. The mountaineers
come of good stock. Sidetracked, neglected,
and here and there pretty barbarous, they
have immense hardihood, many superb traits
of character and, despite distressing lack
Of education, a remarkable intelligence. De-
generate? Imagine degenerates making their
own violins, their own rifles! Imagine de-
generates making their own furniture with
out nails or glue! Imagine degenerates with
q military record second to none!
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17
systematic Crop Culture

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: | think il advisable 10 have sufs'
made either by the Federal or state govern
ment Of all unoccupied lands all over Wv
country, and a list made up of such as -, :,
suitable for planting The government shvss
next ascertain from the owners whether my
would agree to use the lands or any par a
them, and then take over temporarily tne ".
parts of such unused ground and use AZ
the kind Of planting that will give the ''''
results.
II is highly desirable that this be os-'
In large businesslke way, which the govern.
ment could DO BY getting the right mSea'n ~.
and employing the necessary help, ana ~. ~.
providing for necessary transportation a. -.
ties. Should il be impossible TO &c.
needed labor. on a volunteer or paia -
prisoners might be used for part OF the - ~,
II all this fails TO supply the needed hep "
such available labor as is suitable misn
conscriptcd. the same as we do nov i0'
army and navy. taking. however, only yer.
not fit for military service. To make
plete and thorough survey OF the eous.s .,.
r'aouroes AID then have competent suy ~.
vision and direction by those who are -
TO get results on a large scale is 'ne al
important thing TO achieve ! believe 80,
by doing this we could increase the p'vs.
tion Of foodstuffs in very large propors..
so that there would be enough for this ~
try and for our allies. The present meuvsss
encouraging promiscuous planting "a
helpful. Is far from solving the p'0v~i
which believe could be done II We P'v'~'
In the way above outlined. ,,S
ADoLPH LEwIsoR
Nsw York., Nov. " ioi7.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17
Military Geniuses All
Discussion of a Fallacy Especialk
Prevalent Among Statesmen

To the Editor Of The Tribune.
Sir: A state of war usually makes prOni.
rent a curious human trait, especially II the
war be an important one. The conduc, Of
war is in these days an art-a eompleshd
and highly specialized art, involving hard
study, prolorgcd training and much practical
experience. Nevertheless, a politician, b
he Of the common or garden variety, or Of
the higher order known as statesmen will
never hesitate when opportunity offers |"
take control Of huge bodies of fighting men
and to decide which shall move forward.
which shall move back and which shall! stand
in place-if they can. Yet these same men,
none of them, would for one moment con-
slider himself properly equipped to sit in the
chair OF train dispatcher and regulate the
movements of traffic off even a third class
railway system during the hours OF single
night.
This is no peculiar attribute of the states
man or the politician. A persual Of the let
tiers from correspondents Of newspaper
voluntary or employed. and Of the editona
columns thereof might lead one to suppose
that military genius is generally conceived
TO be the common heritage of US all hH
it not be that this is due TO some psyche
logical survival from the days Of primitive
man, when any one who was physically strong
who had the requisite amount of sand in d..
crop, and who was reasonably astute would
be quite as competent as the next man
conduct or to combat foray?
In what way this conviction Of eapseig
to practise an art one has never studiN
has come about is matter Of no Importance
its existence, however, is peril TO
watched for and guarded against. MOI
make any references to the present war, WHO,
has not as yet become historical, peru,A
Of the experiences of the generals OF 'a'
first French republic with members OF 'as
National Convention. ION mission" and o.
the experiences of the Archduke Charles WIZ
the Aulic Council is calculated to make CIV
feel uncomfortable to-day
E. HENRY LACoABE
New York, Nov. Is, 1917.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17
AT Mimi Novgorod
Prom The Boston Journal

Not until a report Of the Nizhni Novgorod
Fair cropped out in late issue Of the
United States consular reports was one pre-
pared for the realization that this annual
Russian event had found room for life in the
midst Of Russia's economic and political dis
organization in this year Of war. On remem-
bering, however, what very large part the
two months Of this bazaar have always played
in Russa's commercial life, and in the move
ment of supplies for its people, one is re-
minded that it has become almost necessity
there. When Mimi Novgorod shall have
been altogether abandoned then ore may
know of a truth that matters are at a stand
still in Russia. This year the fair appears
TO have had no lack of buyers. Many Of the
hotels were filled, and large orders were
numerous on the files. The trouble lay In
the scarcity Of goods for the buyers to pur-
chase at any price. Wool suitable for max
ing felt boots brought 100 rubles per thirty
six pounds, as against 81 rubles for the same
quality in 1915. Many Of the furs usually
offered at Nizhni Novgorod were entirely out
Of the market. Dressed squirrel skins brought
immense prices. Porcelain, chinaware and
crockery, usually drugs on the Mimi mar
ket, all disappeared upon the first offerings.
II would be matter OF interest TO have the
full story Of this years fair, with all the
ramifying light which II might shed on con-
ditions in Russia now but little known.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17
Don't Put Liberty Bonds in Pawn

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: Current report has it that certain
pawnbrokers are advertising "loans on Lib
erty bonds" II this be true, it's about the
limit. There are thousands of poor and
ignorant people who have put their $50 bits"
into Liberty bonds, under the spell of patriot
ism, and who, when suddenly confronted by
necessity know of but one wav to raise
ready cash-the pawnshop. In case of this
kind the needy person goes to uncle" and
borrows about 20 per cent on his bond, at
the rate of 80 per cent year, thus pedg-
ing an Understanding security for practi-
cally nothing, with the chance of final loss
at the end Of a year, and at a certain loss Of
several years interest if he redeems the
bond.
These poor people are too ignorant to I'M
derstand that legitimate bankers and brokers
are ready to take these bonds at true value,
and that the pawnshop is not the proper
market for them. If the above statement
be true, is it not pertinent to suggest that
something should be done to check this cruel
and oppressive plot against the sincerity and
patriotism Of the poor?
FREDERIC w. PANGBORN.
New York, Nov. ID, 1917.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17
Translated by William L. Mcpherson

Sea, and, in addition, fleet attack OF tne
widest scope. The famous blockade OF tne
German exits into the North Sea through
mines and outposts does not hinder the Ter
man navy in the actual accomplishment OF
the chief task on which il has concentrated
itself in the fight against England. Inc de-
struction Of the U-boat bases would be OF
great help. Yet il is not to be expected tha'
the English feet will venture an attack upon
the German coast; that would be an unoer-
taking of unheard-of difficulties. Those re-
sponsible for the idea of a flank attack limit
themselves, therefore, in public to a demand
for a maritime offensive against the Flah-
ders coast; should this succeed in connection
with the breaking through operations a.
Ypres then the possession OF FLANDERS anu
of the coast would be material s'ra,ee'c
and political improvement OF the mlli'ary
situation of our enemies That needs no
DEMONSTRATION II is a beautiful idea. but
hardly anything more than that, for JUST as
little as we have to fear breaking through
at Ypres need we be alarmed that our coast
defence would yield to, or even De put VI
danger by, an attack from the sea- pawn
on which Germany lays such great political
and military value is well protected-on that
we may depend.
Aerial Warfare
There remains, then, the "over the top.
The oxnression means aerial warfare on a
GRAND scale. II is unmistakable that the
Western powers are making powerful efforts
70 nrenare n new offensive next year in the
way of bomb attacks, and to support II IN
manner throwing all previous efforts IN the
shade. There Is no doubt that the Entente
80 far as this attempt Is concerned, lays
great stress on assistance from the uni'ea
States. We do not doubt, also, that the teen
nioue Of our opponents will show something
brilliant in this newest form OF warfare
Nevertheless, there are limitations 70 all tnis'
and as the first and most powerful limita-
ton we might mehtion the German counter
attack. II is self-understood that the pros
meet with which we deal has long been famil-
lar to our High Command and that our IN
dustry will completely master the increased
tasks which have been put upon IT is peyohd
question for every German. We shall oppose
20 tho enemy's attack the German defence
and the German counter attack. 1t will give
a fresh snur TO competition in the war Both
sides will multiply their air Strength put
u will he impossible for our opponents 10
win the mastery. The previous development
- air sghting shows this. Also, in this field,
superiority in numbers is in no way decisive.
The quality and the courage Of the personnel
give the final stroke.
American help in the war in the air ought
not TO be overvaued. 1t may be, as Colonel
ErI; savs that zen smous preparations are
beino made lust now in the South OF france
for the visit of American flying squad
rors which are TO receive final training
there, and that ain tho schools 1t is an
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17
Officers Urgently Needed at Upton

To the Editor Of The Tribune.
Sir: II in any ones mind there il n doub,
that officers are needed TO train the National
Army now at Camp Upton, Yaphank Long
Island, visit there will convince him. The
oiiicers there are working day and night.
The men, as every one knows, are raw 70.
truits' mentally and physically, and the Of
heers IN charge at Camp Upton need as
sistance. 40
IL the men who are going through Platts-
ours are capable, send them to Camp Upton
ana complete the tremendous task started
there, so that our National Army NAV be a
credit to the officers now working night and
DAY there, and to this country. From one
who knows.
New York, Nov. liz. 1917.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17
A Service Flag Salute

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: | want TO answer the letter of your
correspondent requesting a proper salute to
service flags, as have the honor of flying
one for my son, who is in the Naval Reserve
force. As woman's heart is torn with
both love and pride, why not simply lay the
right hand, with hand held as in saluting,
fingers closely touching, across the heart? /
have the same feeling of appreciation for
our dear boys. and think the foregoing might
answer. A. l.. +.
New York, Nov. IA, 1917.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17

that the public is tired Of being bled. The
fact seems especially clear in view OF the
excellent business done by stranger cor
poration here, which had the sense and
courage to offer particularly good service
at cut rates and which now can't keep up
with the demands for its cabs.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17
New York, Nov. IA, 1917.
To the Editor OF The Tribune.

To the Editor Of The Tribune.
Sir: | was deeply impressed when | read
in yesterdays Tribune the letter from an
V. W." in reference to what would be an
appropriate salute for women when seeing a
service flag. The same reverence and desire
as expressed by an. V. W" stirs within me
whenever | see these touching emblems of
patriotism, and unconsciously / place my
hand over my heart in homage TO this mute
token Of sacrifice and breathe a prayer for
those il represents. J. C. r.
New York, Nov IL, 1917.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17
AT the End of Their Tether

We do not see how the government can
ignore any longer the duty of putting out
of business all enemy fire insurance con-
Germs still operating in this country. The
latest protest against our laxity in this
respect comes from a delegation Of insur-
ance men who visited Washington last
Thursday Their arguments in favor of
refusing licenses to enemy or ally OF
enemy" fire insurance companies are un-
onswerable. 1t is time they were needed.
The Tribune has long been urging ac-
ton against these companies. We have
made over and over again the arguments
used by the delegation which called at the
Treasury Department. In the first months
of the war German companies were taking
marine reinsurance on our shipping, and
thus had full access to information as to
cargoes and sailing dates. After while
they were prohibited from writing marine
risks. But they continued to take fire
risks on munition plants, buildings in ship
yards, flour mills, storage warehouses,
docks. wire factories and similar centres
of military activity. They have been en-
titled to send their own inspectors to ex-
anime such plants and works, and thus to
obtain data highly useful to enemy agents
and plotters in this country.
The peril Of all this was plain. But as In
the case Of excluding enemy aliens from
zones of military activity, the government
procrastinated and trusted to luck. Our
own State Fire Insurance Department
was among the agencies which deprecated
an abrupt termination of these dangerous
relations. So we drifted along, depending
on the American insurance companies to
cancel their reinsurance contracts with
enemy companies and on property owners
to avoid taking out new insurance directly
from those companies. Reinsurance with
the German companies has now practically
ceased and individual policyholders have
cancelled about two-thirds of the direct
risks, amounting to $500, 900, 900, held by
German companies at the beginning of
1917 But reinsurance still continues with
Austrian and Bulgarian concerns, and this
should be stopped at once by government
action.
Apart from the military risk of doing
business with enemy concerns there is an
enormous economic risk. Of the twelve
enemy companies operating here (includ-
ing one Austrian and two Bulgarian) four
carry direct risks of 1927, 900 and have
in this country only ss,373, 900 of assets.
Eight reinsurance companies have ST.
026, 152, 900 in risks and 1899, 900 in as
SETS All these companies have their home
capital tied up in the war. 1t has evapo-
rated or will evaporate. They have avail
able here about cent in assets for every
dollar of insurance outstanding. Beyond
that cent per dollar there is no recourse in
sight for the policyholder if any serious
fire losses occur.
American property owners ought to be
protected from inducements which COM
panies in this precarious condition may
offer to the unwary. Trade with the enemy
has now been put under the ban of the
law. Why not make that ban complete
and Immediately effective with regard to
enemy insurance concerns, including those
of nations which are Germany's allies?
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17
Art in a CITY Square

To the Editor Of The Tribune.
Sir: Kindly tell US who and why is the
knock-kneed gentleman with the eorn-knife
on his shoulder mounted over the fountain
in City Hall Park.
WILLIAM F. MARRESFORD.
New York, Nov. Is, 1917.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17

OWNED and published daily by The Tribune Association,
S,,, Yors Corporation. ogden Reid. President IT, vernon
80. vic. President: r. A. suter. rreasureF Addre<.
rsn, Buildinr i54 Nassau Street, New York Telephone
Rrrkr
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17
,,-,,rrp or rus ASSOCIATED PRESS

NTNfEER or TIE ASSOCIATED FHhSS
he Associated Press Is exclusively entitled . inc use ~,
sriblicson Of an news dispatches credited 70 OF my
otherwise credited "a this paper and also the OoS' H
,pontsnsous origin published herein - ,,, -.
Al sht OF r,publcstion Of all other matter herein are
Al reserved.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17

You can purchase merchandise advertised N Lhh
rRIRrNT with absolute safe,yior dissatisfaction esuo
- mon ,,ouest No rel tape No Quibbing We make
xooi promptly n the advertiser does no.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-17

srrnscRIPrIoN RArEs.-By Mail Postage PAID. out
,lds Of GREATER New lork:
~ rar UNITED STATES OUTSIDE OF GREATER
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1917-03-10
SUIT BEGUN FOR DIVORCE.
Mrs. Edith Garrison Seeks Separation
From Newspaper Man.

Mrs. Edith Garrison Seeks Separation
From Newspaper Man.
Mrs. Edith Maffett Garrison has
instituted suit in the Fairfax Circuit
Court for divorce from William W..
Garrison, a young newspaper man
formerly connected with the Manas-
sas Democrat, to whom she was mar
ried about two years ago. Crandal
Mackey, of Alexandria County, IS
Mrs. Garrison's attorney.
Garrison got into trouble following
an investigation of conditions in the
county treasurer's Office of Prince
William County, in which it was
found that he and others had forged
county warrants. Garrison was in
dicted, found guilty and sentenced to
"a years Imprisonment. He is now a
fugitive from justice, and supposed
to be living in Baltimore. Garrison'c
conviction of forgery is set up as
ground for divorce in the suit just in
stituted.-Observer.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1917-03-10
Orders Immediate Aiming of Mer-
chant Vessels And Calls Extra
Session of Congress.

From his White House sick bed
President Wilson yesterday hurled
defiance at German submarines, took
the reins of government away from
: Congress and himself ordered the
immediate arning of all merchant
ships to resist Germanys ruthless
submarine warfare. At the same
4 time he called an extra session of
Congress, to convene April 16
Official Washington agreed last
night that the Presidents action
places the United States practically
on war basis. The taking of the
fateful "next step" is believed to
make an armed clash with Germany
merely question of weeks-days,
perhaps.
President Wilson's decision to arm
ships does not necessarily mean war,
but it brings down the nation to the
edge of the precipice.
Boiled down, it means that the
Navy Department. has been instructed
to supply guns, probably mainly of
3-inch caliber, to all merchant ships
that request them; also expert gun
pointers from the trained naval re-
serve.
Actual orders to the navy yards
were sent out by Secretary Daniels
last night All the transatlantic
liners and number of others, whose
names have not been and will not be
divulged, will be armed Immediately.
Secrecy will enshroud the actual
details of the arming and the press
has been requested not to publish
anything which might percolate to
Germany and be of military value.
Not even the sailings of vessels will
be published hereafter.
Instructions to the naval gun
pointers probably have already been
prepared by the Navy Department. |
While the offensive intent of sub
marine approaching merchantmen
is to be presumed, the first instruc-
tions probably will be for the gunners
to wait for attack before undertaking
defensive measures.
1t is possible that definite code
will not be framed until German
policy toward American ships in the
blockade zone is fully developed.