The Red Cloud chief., 1917-01-11
WOUNDS OF HORSES
Animal Is Often Stung by Swarm
Of Insects.
SINGLE ST|NGNOTDANGEROUS
NostriIs May Be Closed as Result Of
Swelling and Possibly Cause
Asphyxistion-Treatment Tor
Burns and ScaIds.

prepared by the United States Depart.
ment of Agricultural
Poisoned wounds are the result of
bites Of snakes. rnbid dogs, stinss OF
bees, waspS, etc. A single sting Is not
dangerous, but an animal is often stuug
by II swarm of insects, when the chief
danger occurs from the swelling pro-
duced. If stung about the head. the
nOstrils may be closed uS Il result Of
the swelling, causing laborrd breath
ing and possibly asphyNiatiOn. lntoxi.
cation may be- produced 10y the alb
sorptiOn of this poison and is manifest
ed by staggering gait, spreading Of The
legs, paralysis of the muscles. difficult
respiration, and n rise of temperature.
Death may follow IN tive tn ten hours.
Treatment.
Douse the animal with cold water
and apply an alkaline liquid. such as
soapsuds, b~icarbonute of soda, or weak
solution Gi ammonia. Internally give
alcohol, ether, or cnmphOr to
strengthen :hc heart. In case of bites
by r~attlcsnakrs, mucCuSin, or other poi.
sonous snakes, II painful swelling uc-
ours about the bitten part. which is
followed by laEorcd breathing. weak
ness. %retching, fever, and death from
collapse. The animal usually rccov-
ers If 1t can he kept alive owe the
third day. In treating the animal. Il
tight ligature should ~ passed about
the part above the wound to keep the
poison from entering the general circu-
lation. Wash out the wound thorough
ly with antisepticS and then apply II
caustic, such as silver nitrate. or burn
with II hot instrument. a subcutanc-
Gus injection of One-fourth dram OF
one per cent solution of chronic acid
above the wound is also beneficial.
Cold water may be applied to the
wound to combat the inflammation.
Bites of rabid dogs produce an in
fected wound. and the virus of rabies
introduced In this manner should be
removed or destroyed I'm the wound.
Therefore produce considerable bleed
Ing by messing the wound. wash out
thoroughly with ten per cen solution
of zinc chloride, and then apply caus-
tics or the actual cautery. Horses thus
bitten should be maintained under
strict observation for the possible de-
velopment of rabies during Il period Of
at least three months, and If the dis
ease appears. the horse should be
killed Immediately.
Burns and Scalds.
These wounds of domestic animals
are. fortunately, Of rare occurrence 4;
however, when they do occur, If at all
extensive, they prove to be quite trou-
blesOme and in many cases are
fatal. They are classified in three
degrees according to the severity Of
the burn: First degree, where there
is u simple reddening of the skin sec
Ond degree. where there Is Il formation
of vesicles, or blisters; third degree.
where there Is n complete destruction
of vitality of the tissues, such as would
occur In charming from direct contact
with flames or from escaping steam.
Besides the burns caused by flames and
steam. there are other causative
agents, such as chemicals (caustic, al
kalis and acids). lightning stroke. and
occasionally the broken trolley wires
of electric railways. When a large
surface OF the skin Is burned or scald-
ed, the animal Cir 1t does not die at
once from shock) will soon show signs
Of fever-shivering, cOldness OF the
extremities, weakness. restlcssness,
quick and feeble pulse, and labored
breathing, No matter which agent is
a factor In the production of burns. the
LESSONS are practically of the same ma
ture. The extent and site of the burn
should lead one in the determination
and course of treatment. Burns of
the shoulder and those about the re-
giOn of the elbow or other parts where
there Is much movement of the tissues
are grave, and. If at all extensive,
treatment should not be attempted, but
the immediate destruction Of the anil
nal Is advised. A burn of the third
degree, where there is II destruction
of the vitality of large areas of tissue,
ven OF parts not subject to much mo-
ton. Is extremely tedious to treat; In
IuCt, ~ 10 HutStioiiuDlt "iltllltT lIlt
treatment and keep of the animal will
yer be compensated for, even though
recovery does take place; this, In any
event, will require ut least six or eight
weeks. Burns caused by lightning
stroke and trolley wires are liable TO
occur In irregular lines, and. unless
death occurs at once, they generally
are not serious.
Treatment.
Treatment should he prompt and eff
fective. IL the burns are extensive,
the constitutional symptoms should be
combated with whisky and milk and
eggs or ammonia carbonate, strychnin,
caifein, and other stimulants to pre-
vent shock. In the local treatment, to
alleviate the pain, the application of
cold water In some form and the hypo-
dermic injection of morphine are rec
commended. In burns of the first degree,
where there is only q superficial in
fammation, lead carbonate (whlte
lead) ointment Is very good. Carron