davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19
Winston Churchill
His Own War Staff

Those in the know had seen, Of
course, long before the war, that Mr..
Churchill was his own war staff, con-
troller. director of ordnance and tor
pedoes, and had been able TO assume
all these functions. because he sur
rounded himself with naval officers
who lacked either the knowledge or the
courage 10 warn him of the appalling
dangers Of his course. Thus we drifted
into war. with literally no higher naval
command at all, except such as was
embodied in Mr.. ChurchilPs galvanic
and mercurial personality.
Naturally enough. it was not long
before public confidence was shattered,
but the people had been taught TO be.
lieve that Lord Fisher was a second
Lord Bsrham. the man who sent Nell
son to his victory at Trafalgar, so that
when he Joined forces with Churchill
they were easily persuaded that every
thing must be right. The Dardanelles
failure disillusioned US once more, and
the failure was explained BY the theory
that Churchill had been a King Stork,
and that IL the little naval frogs were
10 be happy and successful in their
pond, safety would lie In putting King
Log in command OF them. So the wise,
philosophic Mr.. Balfour went in as
first Lord, and the order of the day
was 10 leave all naval plans and ad-
ventures alone and not 70 worry. And
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19
Italian Front
ITALIAN

Rome, July ls.-Enemy parties which yes
terday attempted TO approach our positions
were all repulsed A few prisoners remained
in our hands.
The enemy artillery shelled our lines, espe-
cially in the Zugna region. on the Pasubio.
on the Vodice and east OF Gorilla. Our ar
tllery replied effectively. and also concen-
trated It's fire on the Nabrasina station. caus-
ing fire TO break out
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19

Major General and Vice-Admiral Sill
Eric Geddes has been appointed First
Lord of the Admiralty. A man proved,
with possibly two exceptions, to be the
ablest in the British Empire has been
given the most important war job IN
the world. This fact is described by
the London correspondents as surpris-
ing, because the appointment marks a
complete break with the traditions OF
the past! Sir Eric, it seems, is not a
politician-he is only a genius. The
gentle cynic who warned the would-be
traveller to note with how little Wis
dom the world was governed could
hardly have found better illustration
Of his text.
II is, indeed, an event that con-
POUNDS. Great Britain has been at war
for three years, fighting for its
own life, fighting for the British
tradition as embodied in its empire
over seas: fighting for France, Russia,
Italy; for the United States; for the
whole community of nations that stand
for the general traditions of Christian
civilization. We have known from the
first that if our sea power failed the
war would, in all human probability, be
lost; that if it was rightly used. VIC
tory. final and complete, was inevi-
table. And yet, for three years, less a
fortnight, we have allowed the navy
to be governed, in the correspondence
phrase, on principles consecrated by
tradition, and by a tradition derived
wholly from the inexperience of peace:
Long before August, 1914, there ala
not exist a single person, conversant
with the inner life of the navy and
competent to judge of its probable war
efficiency. who did not know that Mr
Winston Churchill was already an ab-
iect failure as First Lord of the Ad-
miralty. He was failure OF that most
dangerous type, the man who seems 10
know better. When he came fresh 10
the lob in 1911 his first announcement
of administrative policy seemed 10
prove that he had the intelligence 10
grasp the first and fundamental need
of the naval service, if ever 1t was 10
be prepared for war. He seemed 10
realize that war could only be made by
fighting, that ships could not tight un-
less they were individually efficient, that
efficiency meant using their weapons
according to the most scientific meth
DDS and that such methods could not be
brought into being or, if in being, be
adopted unless naval administration
was inspired, actuated and guided py
the nearest approach TO lnfalilpiilty III
every technical department that was
oIy oht alma hlp
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19

Such infallibility. he also seemed 10
see. could be sought for only by the
creation of an expert staff, unpreJu-
diced because impersonal in its re-
searches and conclusions. And ne ac-
tuallv published memorandum that
promised the British Navy the price
less benefit of a perfectly organized
brain power. We were to have war
staff that, by covering every aspect OF
preparation for war, would supply
guide that could hardly be mistaken
so far as the experience OF the past
could teach, and so apt TO learn as
to make the novel experiences OF war
itself the starting point OF new de-
partures, secure from the posslDlllty
of gross errors, because made by men
trained to the habit of logical deduc-
tion and imaginative inference. When
Mr.. Churchill's memorandum Of New
Years Day, 1912. was published. those
who for eight years had groaned and
girded under the blighting heresies OF
Tho material school took fresh cour-
age and new heart, and hailed the dawn
/ of hope that seemed too dazzling Tor
/ belief. 8,
But their optimism was short lived.
I The war staff. when created, was ex-
cluded from any concern with the right
methods of using guns, torpedoes or
mines against the enemy, or of frustrat-
ing the enemy's attempts TO use them
against us. 1t had even no concern
with the tactics or theory OF com,
manding fleets. IL was to occupy itseli
with stfAtegical plans alone. 1t was
10 build, that is to say, a fairy palace
of the imagination without thought fol-
the foundation, which is weapons-oi
of the material for the fabric-whicf
is men and ships and machinery anc
the mystery Of command.
The war staff, therefore, in FAC
was literally without influence on wal
preparations. For moment the ex
ponents of the materialist tradition
had trembled for their long monopoly
Mr.. Churchill, however, soon reassureC
them. His dream of unit efficienc!
seemed instantly to be forgotten. In
| stead. he took TO week ending with th'
feet. to diving in submarines, to fyins
in aeroplanes, 10 watching battle prac
tise. to losing himself in all the won
ders Of a modern navy. The Admiralty
Yacht, Enchantress, seemed at last L
have justified her seductive name. AnC
as the First Lord constituted himsel
kind of inspector general OF th'
navy, so did he also come TO act as IT.
chief expert. In one of his House o.
i Commons speeches he even told
stupefed community that it was HI
himself who had decided upon building
an oil fuelled fleet. without having.
native supply of oil, and upon The
adoption Of the 15-inch gun.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19

according to semi-otiicial infom,s,.
received to-day from Petrogr,d By q,
Russian Embassy here. This |, a,
first mention OF the presence Of Bu,e
forces in Russia. 1t says the ,r,,,,.
cars are cooperating effectively vii
Belgian detachments sent thsu ,,r
after tae war began.
No mention is made Of the numb, %
date Of arrival Of the British d..s,..
ments.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19
Moros May Fight in France

Manila, July 1s.-Plans TO form a
regiment Of Moros are being made in
the hope that eventually il will be at
tached to the American force in France.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19
SWEDISH FIRM

Starting July 18th Se.ndia.v;.,
and export business in al b,,,eh..
connections with American eoup.r;.
and industrial firms. particularly p.ii !,
fodder dealers. provisions etc, F.
er' and importer, should send a., '
particulars to
FlRMAN JoHAN NlLlsow
H.ln''.d, swas
Member; General Export A,.oei.S. !,
Sweden; Halm,t.d Mereh.,h' A
socistion.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19
British Arnlored Cars
In Russian ORensive

Washinctou, July tS.-British ar
rnored motor detachments are taking
rart IN the Russian offensive IN Galicia,
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19

London, July 1s.-The only advance
registered by any Of the belligerent
forces on the west front WITHIN the
last twenty-four hours was made by
the British, who, last night, pushed
ahead slightly east Of Monchy,. IN
Artois. But there was heavy hgntihg
on the Verdun front last night and TO-
day when the Gtrmans, in repeated
counter attacks, attempted to shake the
hold of the French on the mile and
half front of trenches they seized yes
terday between Avocourt wood and the
western slopes of Hill 304. Berlin ad-
mits the British gain, and. in effect,
confesses that the French restored
their defence lines around Verdun as
established last month.
The Berlin War Office bulletins con-
tinue TO comment on the heavy artll-
lery fire from the Flanders coast,
around Nieuport, to the banks OF the
River Lys, which marks the boundary
between Belgium and France. General
Haig reports raids in force at Boesinghe
and Oosttaverne, on either side OF
Ypres, where the strongest gun duel
has been noted, in which a number or
German prisoners were taken and
many of the enemy killed.
There was also considerable activity
from Loos to south Of the River Scarpe'
in Artois. The bombardment on both
river banks increased toward evening,
and after nightfall British contingents
advanced on Fresnoy and around
Monchy. Berlin declares they were re-
pulsed at Fresnoy, but admits they re-
tained a sector Of the Vert wood be-
yond Monchy. Apparently the only
German raid attempted was at WieltJe,
in Flanders, which failed.
Paris says that after intense artillery
preparation the forces of the Crown
Prince swarmed against the new French
lines northwest of Verdun in stub
born series Of counter thrusts. But as
they failed to gain yard anywhere,
and suffered exceptional losses they de-
sisted from their attacks in the after
noon. Berlin describes the French ad-
vance yesterday as starting along
three-mile front after three hours of
exceptionally heavy cannonade, and ad-
mits that the poilus penetrated Ger
man-held trenches in the southeast
corner of Malancourt Wood and on both
sides of the Malancourt-Esne road.
An additional French onslaught deliv
cred in the evening for the purpose of
increasing the gain is said TO have
failed. Growing bombardments on the
east bank of the Meuse may indicate
French plans to advance directly in
front of Verdun.
Aside from a German attack west of
tho sugar refinery at Cerny, on the
Chemin -des Danes, which was repulsed,
and patrol encounters in the Argonne
and at few other points, action on the
rest of Petain's front was confined to
the opposing batteries.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19
Ceddes Becomes a
Factor in the Admiralty

Geddes was first introduced in the
Admiralty when the great changes
were made in Nay. Nominally, he took
over the work of the Third Sea Lord;
in point of fact, he became the Ad-
miralty for every purpose except the
war direction of the fleet and the se-
lection and promotion of the person
mel. He superseded not one naval Off
GER, but a dozen; not the chief of one
civil department, but the chiefs of all.
| To put things right he was given vice
admrals rank, but without any title
he would have done the work just as
thoroughly and as we'll, because it is
Goddess secret TO see things as they
are. and with such luminous simplicity
| that he is never in doubt as TO wha:
! he wants done.
| As an administrator he has had a
vast experience. He has run railways
in India, in England and in France. In
peace and in war he has organized
manufacturing on scale and in di-
versity that is simply unbelievable.
/ The machinery of the administration
answers in his hands as the piano an
swers Paderewski, or the midiron
Braid. Where Geddes goes, there are
no vested interests, no office rights,
no privileges, no traOlLlOnSS Ine nlRn-
est and the lowest just have to work.
A large part Of his success has CON
sisted in removing the obstacles which
human perversity has created, as if 20
make good work and quick impossible; (;
still larger part is the surprised de-
light that he excites in his subord-
nPtes when they find, not that their
work is easier. but that it is infinitely
more successful. Naturally enough,
the naval officers at the Admiralty
have been perfectly enchanted by his
methods. They knew something them
selves about efficiency on board ship.
They have long complained. but with
out success, at the ineficiency Of
whitehall
As a simple matter of fact, | know
Of nothing that has happened since the
outbreak OF war which seemed to me
to hold out more definitely the assur-
ance of ultimate success than his mp
pointment. II means that the Prime
Minister and the government have a
naval policy; it means that they have
found a man TO carry it out, and this,
in turn, means that the submarine will
be beaten. For the submarine was the
Z only cloud on the horizon.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19
FRANCE

''s:ss css. .'Ys sr..,s ssSs' r:, :. s:s s::s !.
c,Atoms operations attended 10 T,s.r !. ~ ~
land. Asents for Armour L C. 4 n. 49,
csttsa Oil Co. And al FnaeA aIivs,
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19
East
RUSSIAN

Petrograd. July ls.-Western Russian
Front-There has been intense artillery fight
ing on the part Of the enemy in the region OF
the village OF Poturoy, south OF Brzezany
and In the neighborhooi Of Halicz.
South of the village OF Novica. to the south
of Kelusz. enemy detachments. after strong
artillery preparation. attacked and occupied
one Of the heights. Our detachments slowly
retired on the line OF the River Brzenica.
An hour later the encmy renewed the at
tack from the dire 'tion Of the village OF
Novica. but as the result o. valiant Jountsr
attack by our infantry and cavalry the enemy
thrown back. and we reoccupied the
abov. mentioned height
There has been no material change in the
situation on the Rumanian and Caucasian
fronts.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19
GERMAN

Berlin. July IS (DAY).-Front Of Prince
Leopold of Bavaria-There was an increase
in the fighting activity at Riga, south OF
Dvinsk and az Smorgon.
In the Carpathan foothills Bavarian and
Croat,&n troops in combined attack can't
ured the heights 10 the east Of Novica. which
were stubbornly defended b. the Russians.
and repulse1 Prssan counter attacks in the
captured positions A. other points or the
Lomnica line also the Russians were forced
back in local engagements.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19
EngIand's New Naval Hope
Bv ARTHUR II. POLLEN

so things went on until six months al
ter the Battle of Jutland, when that
victory seemed a little less Of tri-
umph than it had seemed, and when
the submarines, so far from being
"well in hand" were sinking from thirty
to forty British ships month. Then 1t
was at last realized that something
must be done. 1t became necessary
for the First Lord to get new sea ad-
visers. II was at the end Of November
last that Sir John Jellicoe and most of
the present naval members Of the
board came into Office, and this change
was Immediately followed by the fall
of Mr.. Asquiths government, when Sir
Edward Carson took Mr.. Balfours
place.
Churchill's Confidence
In His Naval Board
Sir Edward Carson is the shrewdest
and most powerful advocate at the
English bar; he is, in addition, an ex-
ceedingly astute politician. But his
experience had, in private life, been
professional only, and in public affairs
had never been administrative. When,
therefore, he succeeded to the chief
fancy of Whitehall no one was sur
prised that he should have declared
that in his complete ignorance OF naval
strategy he would limit himself to
seeing that his naval advisers had their
way untrammelled. 1t was, in point OF
fact, an announcement that he thought
the naval members of the board so
perfect in their wisdom and their
1f ~ m
yond his own comprehension, that he
began his tenure Of Office by proclaim
ing they were superior to his own
criticism, and that he was determined
to ignore any criticism of them by
others. The result of this quite indis
criminate praise and uncritical con-
fidence was soon apparent.
Those who are familiar with the char
acter of the Admiralty machine have
attributed its failure in war partly to
wholly false system in the distribu
tion of business and partly to the selec-
ton of officers to man the separate
departments chosen all from one school
of thought. After & few months Of the
new submarine campaign public opin-
ion compelled a radical change of sys-
TEN. But as the old personnel remained
rot much was expected of the change,
and so far the moderation Of these
hopes has been fully justified by re-
suits. 1t was patent that if the most
was TO be made OF British naval force
something much more drastic must hap
rem at Whitehall than was represented
by the changes made in May. Sir Ed
ward Carson has shown himself keen
but fair and sober critic, man whose
presence in small war Cabinet might
be priceless, but also a man who, if
thrown into department, was unlikely
to become an effective working head.
The novelty of the. task, his age, his
not too strong health, all mitigated
against his attempting the mastery Of
the naval machinery-nor did he, in
fact, attempt it. He went to Whitehall
in the character Of the incompatible
advocate; he held brief for advisers
he had not chosen but had inherited.
his whole attitude was an abdication
Of original policy or personal authority.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19
Fierce German Counter At
tacks on Meuse Crushed
with Heavy Losses
Gun Duel at Ypres
Haig Continues Preparations
for a Renewal Of
the Offensive
DAYS DEVELOPMENTS

Russians repel Teuton counter attacks IN
East Gaicia after stiff fighting. Berlin re-
ports Russians pushed back.
British advance slightly east of Monehy.
south Of River Scarpe. Heavy lombard
ment continue: from French border to
Channel.
French retain mile and q half gain at
Verdun against strong German counter
ihruss. Berlin admits loss.
Artillery activity on Italian front.
Brisk skirmi.hes in Balkans.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19
For EolsIifrai

For Soldiers!
"Mestpointer" shoes. The last officially
approved for West Point Cadets. hesula-
ton tan, $50.
Tho kesrs-Peet Camp Toilet Case.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-19

2,400 light weight 'ath-
letic" union suits - sheer
white nainsook.
Regular price $50.
Csc.
1900 light weight "ath-
letic" shirts and drawers
some nainsook; some madras.
Regular price 100.
Csc.
Worsted-batiste - lighter
than linenl
Makes an ideal summer
business suit.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1917-07-05
BABY CLINIC AT
COUNTY FAIR
Arrangements, Made For Again Hold
ing Baby Contest in Connection
With Bottineau County Fair.

Attention is called to the announce
ment elsewhere of the Baby Clinic
which will be held in connection with
the Bottineau County Fair this year.
When this feature was announced
last year there were some misgivings
in the minds of it's promoters as to
whether or not it would be popular
with the people of Bottineau county,
being in the nature of an innovation
in this part of the state. But, on the
contrary, the clinic proved so extreme
ly popular that it was impossible to
take care of all the applicants. In
all sixty babies were examined and
scored.
The clinic will be under the super
vision Of DR.. C. A.. Scherer of Fargo,
assisted by DR.. Lemieux of Dunseith
and Mrs. Carl Kirkeby, registered
nurse.
The fair association is offering six
cash prizes to the babies scoring the
highest.
The contest is open to all babies
between six months and three years
in Bottineau and adjacent counties.
The examination is absolutely free
and mothers are urged to take adj
vantage of this opportunity Of having
their babies examined and given a
physical and mental scoring.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1917-07-05
PATRONS PROTECTED AT FAIR.

The following rules for the protec-
ton of. fair patrons are being put in
operation this year and should be Of
great interest to all, in view Of the
fact that some of the waiting stands
and restaurants have in the past abus-
ed their privileges. This applies prin-
cipally to outside concessionists, but
the rules will apply to all those serv-
ing meals, lunches or soft drinks this
year:
CONDITIONS: All parties selling
meals Or lunches on the fair grounds
are required by the Fair association
to post bills-of-fare showing prices Of
meals or lunches on all serving fronts
of their stands in conspicuous letter.
ing.
Refreshment stands when. selling
lemonade, orange ade Or other soft
drinks must post ~placardsN on their
serving fronts showing price per
glass, and only one size glass to be.
used. Those selling adulterated
drinks may he closed down by the
management or prosecuted.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1917-07-05
DEATH OF MRS. LESAGE.

The death of Mrs. Lesage occurred
at her home in this city Saturday af-
ternoon, following a paralytic stroke,
which she suffered about two weeks
ago. During the last few days she
remained in a comatose condition and
it was only a question of hours when
the end would come. Deceased was
SO years Of age.
The funeral was held from the
Catholic church Tuesday morning, the
Rev. FIR. Campeau of Willow City
conducting high mass, assisted by
Father Eggleston of Westhope and
Father Eckhart of Towner. An inn
pressive funeral sermon was preached
over the remains by Father Eggles-
ton. The body was laid to it's fnal
rest in the Catholic cemetery, follow
ed by a large gathering OF sorrowlng
friends and relatives.
Deceased was one Of the early plo-
neers of Bottineau county. She came
here with her family from H%aderhill,
Mass. her maiden name being Azllda
Langlois.
Thirty-three years ago she was
married to Mr.. Lesage, being the
first white woman married in the
Tarsus parish.
ONLY two out of the nine children
born in this wedlock survive the
mother, namely Mrs. w. Gagner and
Mrs. Ed. Chretian, both of whom were
at the bedside during the last days OF
illness and at the time Of death.
The entire community joins with
the surviving relatives in mourning
the death Of q good Christian, neigh
Dor and friend.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1917-07-05
IN THIS SIGN CONQUER.
..

Sixteen hundred years ago an en-.
envy host threatened Gaul, precursor
Of modern France. The first Con.
stantine the Great, led his armies to
the defense. Three times he was vic
torious, and it was in this campaign,
as Eusebius and other historians re-
cord, that he saw in the sky a lum-
nous cross, with the Greek words
which have been rendered into Eng
lish: I'm This Sign, Conquer"
After sixteen hundred years there
blazes in the heavens a cross as
luminous as that which struck awe to
the heart of Constantine, a cross fiery,
flaming and red-red with the blood
of millions who have died for liberty,
red with the glow of inferno where
in the liberty Of the liberty of the
world is being forged.
The Red Cross must be the symbol
in which America goes forth to con
quer.
All other forms of conquest we have
renowned. Ours is the task not mere
ly to supply millions of men and
mountains of f%oodstuffs, ships and the
weapons of warfare; we must rebuild
cities and hearten war worn peoples,
pour oil on the wounds and bind them
up, kneel by the dying and receive
from their lips the simple testament
of the faith in which we are to rise,
fight forward and finally rest on our
arms victorious. We Must Give!
ought not to be an American who will
not give something. To give money
is so little! Can you shut your eyes
upon the shining Red Cross?
H. L. Maunder,
Chairman of Publicity Committee.
The Bottineau courant. (Bottineau, Bottineau County, N.D.) 1895-1929, 1917-07-05
ROLAND TOWNSHIP.

The heavy rain and hail that fell
last week is said to have hurt the.
crops considerable in certain places.
Mrs. A. Klingenberg has been on
the sick list for some time.
Miss Stensland completed a six
week term Of parochial school in.
Nofdland's church last Friday.
Mike Monson and Otto Hendrickson
arrived from Montana last week, via
the auto line. They report good roads
all the way.
Miss Gena Kittleson returned home
last week.
A good number Of our people at
tended the N. F. Picnic at Bottineau
on Saturday.