davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1917-08-02
PROFESSIONAL.

DR.. ]. ]. EMMENS-Physlcian and
surgeon. Practice limited to eye,
ear, nose and throat. Glasses sup
piled. OcIlist and aurist for s. p.
r. r. Offices, M. F. and H. Bldgr
opposite postoffice, Medford, Ore.
Phone 567. Z1-u
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1917-08-02

said date and file objections there
to.
Dated and first published July
10, 1917. WALTER L. SMITH,
Executor Of the Estate Of Mary ].
Smith Deceased, 17-5t-Thurs.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1917-08-02

Annual Report


school officials Of the different dis
tricts will be interested in reading
the following portions of the report:
Census.
Number of persons over four and
under twenty years Of age, as shown
by the school census of 1915: Male
1896, female 3,155, total $500.
Enrolment.
Number of pupils marked "R" on
register, under twenty: Male 2,249,
female 2,070 total 4,319. Number
of pupils marked "E" on register:
Male 1926, female 1913, total 419. To-
tai number OF pupils enrolled marked
"R": Male 2,249, female 2.O7O, to-
tai 4,319.
Teachers.
Number of teachers employed dur
ing the year: Male As, female 202,
total PAT Number of teachers hold
ing temporary permits: Male 6, fe-
male 13, total 10. Number of certifi-
Gates registered during the year:
Male 40, female FOG, total 255.
Pupils.
Number of pupils completing the
eighth grade during the year: Male
1853, female 1870, total 353. Enroll
ment in grades above the eighth
Male 524, female $40, total 1,109.
Average number of days public school
taught during the year, 1921. Per
cent of attendance. 949.
Miscellaneous.
Whole number Of organized dis
tricts in the county SO.
Number of school districts report
ing, SO.
Number of school houses In the
county, 112.
Number OF school houses built dur
ing the year, Q.
Number Of school houses in opera
tion during the past school year, 112.
Number OF districts having nine
months of school, 40.
Financial Statement.
Cash on hand at time Of
making last annual
report ......o of,ooV'
RECEIPTS.
Received from county
treasurer from direct
tax .s1Ss,S5s.45
Received from county
treasurer from county
school fund $50. 46,313.S2
Received frcm county
treasurer from state
school fund ..... 11,SO4.1S
Received from tuition for
pupils below high
school grades ..... 2O.75
Received from sale of
bonds and warrants. 13,374.7S
Received from high
school tuition ..... 400.5O
Received for county high
school fund ........ 15,O72.5S
Received for insurance
on account Of losses. 500
Received from all other
sources -. 2,ssS.72
Total .s26S, $685.
DISBURSEMENTS.
Paid for teachers wages. $13S.7S1.H4
Paid for rent of rooms
and site ........... 61.0O
Paid for fuel and school
supplies =. s,s32.3s
Paid for repairs, improv-
ing grounds, and jani-
tor work ....... -. 2S.OSO.6S
Paid for new school
houses and sites. 49,. 2,4S6.57
Paid on principal and in
terest Of bonds and
warrants ........... Ss,O55 SO
Paid for insurance. 49,. 1,40O.93
Paid for clerks salaries 2,054.34
Paid for library books. 1,3S9.35
Paid for all other pur-
poses .............. 16,264.67
TOtal ............. Sz34,oU4.51
In hands Of district
clerks ............. 29,l64. 10
said date and file objections there
to.
Dated and first published July
10, 1917. WALTER L. SMITH,
Executor Of the Estate Of Mary J..
Smith, Deceased, 17-5t-Thurs.
WATER USERS NOTICE.
WATER USERS NOTICE-You are
hereby notified that on and after
August 8, 1917, and until further
notice you will use water as per
following notice:
Irrigate acreage: Hours from
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1917-08-02

FOR SALE OR TRADE for land or
other property in Jackson county,
1873 acres two miles south Of Eu-
gene depot; we'll fenced with woven
wire; As acres in cultivation; good
roads. Also fine high residence
site of three and one-third acres
with beautiful trees, near car line,
and three lots near Eugene high
school. H. G. Galley, $40 Fairview
street. Phone 431-J. 19-1mo.
FOR SALE-Mans saddle, about one
dozen Barred Plymouth Rock hens,
four-horsepower Marine gas en-
gine, or will trade for cow, fresh
or coming fresh soon. H. L. SIN
clair, Ashland, Ore. It'll
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1917-08-02

O. B. WATSON, ATTORNEY AT
Law Consulting and General
Practice Pioneer Building. OF
flee with e. D. Briggs. Ashland,
Ore.
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1917-08-02

DIR ERNEST A. WOOD-Practice
limited to Eye, Ear, Nose ano
Throat. Office hours, 10 TO IL
and 2 to S. Swedenburg Bldgr
Ashland, Ore. 15-u
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1917-08-02

lJHAIR DOCTOR-R. H Stanley, ex-
pert furniture repalrer and up
Aolsterer. Carpets beat, relaid ana
repaired, bedsprlngs restretched,
chairs wired, rubber tires for baby
buggies, window cleaning, house
cleaning, and furniture packing
done expertly. Call at 1856 q
street or phone 403-R. sl-u
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1917-08-02

CONTRACTING AND BUILDING
Frank Jordan, general contracting
New and old work; cement walks
cemetery copings, brick, cement
woodwork, lothing and plastering,
cobblestone and general building
contracts. o-tl
Ashland tidings. [volume] (Ashland, Or.) 1876-1919, 1917-08-02

FOR SALE CHEAP One neavy pick
plow, suitable for heavy rock ditch
ing. Inquire at the Tidings office.
94-tf
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12

and NJ, of Avon. arrived. The LIST Cav
airy will be quickly made into ma
chine gun battalion, trench mortar
battery and an ammunition train.
The 10Th Infantry, which had been
preceded by its colonel and headquar-
tiers and supply companies, arrived in
two battalions. The "a Battalion. com
mandcd by Major Morris. comes from
Yaphank. while the third battalion,
commanded by Major Dayton, arrived
from Wrightstown, N. j.
The next troops due in camp are a
battalion Of the A7th Regiment which
has been stationed at Camp Meade
near Annapolis. Word was received TO.
day that the troops had ontrained and
they are expected late tomorrow night
or Saturday morning. 1t IS expected
that they will be shortly followed by n
battalion Of the 10th New York lnian-
try. The latter regiment ~ conSider-
ably scattered about over the country
The second Liberty Loan campaign
was opened with n great boom through
out Camp Wadsworth this afternoon
Preceded by their bands, the various
units marched to half a dozen eoncen-
tration points, where they formed mol
low squares about raised platforms on
which Liberty Losn orators told IN.
BOYS that the war could only be won II
II we're financially Supported.
The 27th Division has set out 20
raise 81 600 900 for the new loan.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
Men at Camp Dix
Rush to Buy Bonds

CAMP DIX. Wrightstown, n. j.. Oct
i1.-Rain which drizIlcd down upon
the draft cantonmcnt all day did NOV
dampen the enthusiasm with which the
campaign for the purchase Of Liberty
bonds was opened here.
Battery B, so7th Field Artillery SUD
scribed $4,000, but several individual
subscriptions ran much higher: IL was
learned that seven Of the drafted men
would invest a total of 100000 IN the
loan. The names Of these men were no,
given out, but IL is understood that
Kingdom Gould is one OF them.
DR.. Henry van Dyke. former MN :
lister TO the Netherlands. was 20 have
made the opening address Of the cam.
paign to-day. He will come here mex
Tuesday instead and deliver his speech
Henry Morgenthsu and Colonel Ineo-
dor. Roosevelt also are expected 70
speak during the campaign.
The 5000 men who are to 90 Soutn
10 make room for the negro troops are
ready TO depart whenever the order
comes. Each regiment here furnished
its DronorttOn
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12

all information of military nature
along their particular portion OF the
battle front.
This is departure in the United
States army and is an adapta-
tion Of the European intelligence sys-
tom. The men being chosen for TINS
DUTY are 90 be specially qualified ana
of the utmost reliability. The num-
her OF soldiers who nave sought 10 get
into this branch Of the service Is over
whelming. IL is n line of work that
appeals 10 the adventurous.
The population Of Camp Wadsworth
was considerably increased to-day
through the arrival OF Squadron A, sew
cral troops Of the LIST Cavalry, and
two battalions of the 18th (colored)
Infantry. Squadron A appeared for
'the last time as cavalry. and shortly
after its arrival its horses went to the
rcmount station, and the old organiza-
ton found itself tho lobth Machine
Gun Battalion. II will remain under
command Of Major William r. Wright
and will retain its officers and men.
In addition 10 I'll men of the old
SQUADRON. the new organization will re
ceivc thirty men from the LIST Cavalry.
The first troops Of the LIST Cavalry to
arrive were I. Of Buffalo, and X and l..
of Brooklyn. Tonight. the rest of the
regiment. consisting Of r Troop and
the Machine Gun Troop, Of Brooklyn;
r, Of Staten Island; Fl. of Rochester,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
~ MEMORIAM
Ium Tack Walker, william ID.

ADLER-on October 0. Fannie Adler. be-
loved wife Of Joseph and mother o. Jesse
and Herminie. Funeral services At 2O5
Lenox av.. near l2oth ct. on Friday. Octo-
Der u, at 10 a. m.
BERNHARDT-Julius. beloved husband Of
Theresa and father OF Dorothy Kramer and
Harry and Melville Bernhardt- Funeral
from his late residence. 79t Belmont ay.
Brooklyn Friday. October u. p. m. =
BININGER- Entered into rest. October Il.
1917. Mary NJ. Bininger. widow OF the late
Byron Bininger. 81 years, at Arlington,
" J Funeral from her late residence.
6l6 Belgrove Drive. on Sunday. October IL.
at ? p. m. Carriages will be in waiting az
Arlington station on arrival OF train leay-
ing jersey City at :l5 .. m. Interment
at Arlington Cemetery.
BOUCHTON Maria. on Wednesday morn
ing October 10. at Monroe. N. Y. in the
90th year Of her age. She was for many
years a devoted friend and nurse in the
family OF the late Mrs. John s. Barnes. :
BRUEN-on October IL. a. her late resi-
dence, 256 Cumberland st.. Brooklyn, N Y,
Elscta Bruen. widow OF the late Albert
Bruen. in the Saith year of her age. Flu
neral At her home on Sunday. October II.
at IL a. m. Please omit flowers. Inter-
ment at Madison. y. J.
BUTCHER Tuesday, October 2. 1917,
Henry c. Butcher. beloved brother OF Marie
Schwartz. aged 30 years. Funeral from mis-
late residence. 1883 Benson av.. Wcstches-
ter. on Friday. October ~. at ? y. m.
Automobile cortege. =
CARNEY-Suddenly. at his residence. 100
Amsterdam av. October 10, Thomas T.
Carney. member Of Street Cleaning De-
partment for last twenty three years. Mr..
Carney leaves = widow. three sons and 4
daughter. all Of whom were at his bedside
At the end. Funeral SATURDAY from his
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
Plattsburg Shoot Ends

PLATTSBURG, y. Y, Oct. 1.-Two
weeks rife practice a. the oncers'
training camp here was brought TO a
c'osc tonight, when both the New
York and New England regiments
finished q. the 3OO-yard range at pistol
and machine gun practice. To,morro"
both infantry organizations viii go on
nm all day practice march and field ma
neuvre eight miles from camp. the
men doing their individual cooking fs
noon and evening mess for the hrst
time. The regiments will return 70
camp in time to attend lecture al
o'clock by Captain Amann, OF the
French Commission, on divisional
trench problems.
NJ. A. Lagen, of 3 West Forty-seventh
Street, discharged last week at his own
request, was reinstated to-day IN the
10th Company. Raynor /. Shlpman, OF
325 West Seventy-sixth Street and Oh
the 9Th Battery, was discharged IN or
der that he might accept CON mission
as second lieutenant in the 1st New
York Cavalry, U. S. y. G., and report
to that regiment at Spartanourg, D. u
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
Only $50 Fail to Pass
Tests at Camp Mills
More Than $1,000 of the Rain.
bow Division Found To Be
in Fighting Condition

CAMP MILLS, Long Island, Oct. ii.
The physicians appointed to examine
the men of the Rainbow Division have
about completed their work. Out OF
total Of 26,5OO men examined, fewer
than $50 will be rejected because of
ailments serious enough 10 incapacitate
them from military duty. Army physi-
clans regard this as remarkable
showing.
BY all odds the banner unit of the
entire division Is the trench mortar
battery from Baltimore. There arc
1873 men in the unit. There has not
been single cas-. Of illness in the
unit since coming here, nor has one
of the men been arrested for any in
fraction of regulations or civil laws.
The most popular spot in camp to-
day was in front OF the board where
the score by innings Of the world
series game at the Polo Grounds. New
York. was given. The great majority
Of the men seemed to be roofing for
the Giants. and a tremendous cheer
went up when the final score showed
the New York team to be the winner.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
MARRIAGES

GARTER BOWERS-On October ~, AZ 81
Montgomery Place. Brooklyn. Janet CHRIS,
tie daughter of Henry Bowers, 10 RegnAIe
LOOMS Carter. son Of the Rev samuel !.
Carter and Mrs. Carter. he father OF tnr
groom officiating.
DE RUsSY- GUERNSEY-At Chicagc. octo-
Der 10, 1917. by the Rev. Dr. James >
stone Rene A. de Rusy. Of New York. 20
Alta Cary Guernsey daughter OF Mrs. John
VI. Guernsey, OF Peoria. III.
GEER-DE LAMATER- On October 8. 1917,
at the residence Of the brides parens ny
tho Rev. Dr. Wilton MerleSmi.h. Sarah
Lewis. daughter Of Mr.. and Ms John
Howard De Lamater. 20 Hathorns Cola
more Geer.
HAMILTON SIMNONS-Ni5 Ruby Gould
Simmons, daughter Of the late Or and
Mrs. Charles Z. Simmons, Wednesaay az
tsrnoon at the residence OF her orother,
Edward de Forest Simmons. Of lss East
Goth At 10 Charles Henry Hamilton, OF
BROOKLYN. nephew Of Mrs. Marcelas Hart
lev. On account OF the late death in the
family the wedding consisted only OF The
immediate family.
NINTYRE-LEWIS--O October 9. 1917. At
the residence Of the brides parents, by the
Rev. DR.. John n. Lewis. assisted b. the
Rev, Francis b. whitcome. Margaret,
daughter OF Mr.. and Mrs Nelson p. Lewis.
20 Lieutenant Richard Henry Mcintyre. OF
the 7th New York Infantry National
Guard
POMEROY-MAY-On October 10. at tho
Church of the TRANSPORTATION. Rachel.
daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs. l.. A. May. Lynn,
Mass, to William II. Pomeroy. OF New
York
TUCKER -NICH0LS-October .. at the Ire
mont Baptist Church. Bronx, BY the Rev.
Edwin " Hustled, Bertha Nichols. dauSh-
ter of the late Edward K. and Annie Harris
Nichols. to Sidney Graham Tucker. of New
Rochelle, NJ Y.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
IMPORTANT

birth. Fngarement, Marriage. Death
and In Memoriam Notices msy %
teiephoned to Tho Tribune any Time
up TO midnight for insertieu In tue
next days paper. gust call
Beekman 5000
and read the notice as you vish H.
serted. Bill for same VIII he "aiieo W
YOU later. The notice will reach over
100. GOO readers dsiiy.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
Whom the Army Rejects

BY failing to t military the rejected Of youths
dcum Of the which relieves them
their country the United States invites disaster
Canada according Quaye who would establish re-
physical moral denquen exam
n which TO the its vigorous normal young
ho have dabbcd IN the flesh
of civilization until their bodies corrupted
Reclamation would these from themselves and
their country front their perverted selves.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
IN MEMORIAM

LUM TACK October -. 1915. In loving
memory OF Ium Tack. faithful friend and
servant % Steven ". Roach.
WALKER
The dedication Of the monument erected
TO the memory Of the Right Reverend Will
lam David Walker will be held At Ken.ico
Cemetery on Ssturlay. October g. Friend,
are cordially invited. Train leaves Grand
Central Terminal AZ 2;t3 p. m, 70 Witch
special car will be attached
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
Watch for Spies
In Olive Drab Set
In Ranks of 9th
intelligence Units Formed
at Camp Wadsworth to
Seek Out Secret Foes

CAMP wADSWORTH. s. C.. Oct. II.
The Specializing machinery Of the
9Th Division was set in motion to-day
with tho organization OF regimental
Intelligence units. Each regiment is
"a have an officer and five men who will
devote their efforts to intelligence
,rork Not only viii they seek 10 run
Sov,r spics who may cloak themselves
Ssbi-d Uncle Sans uniforms. but when
10 hic lighting machine reaches the
f,or. 4 VII be their work 70 assemble
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
Better Train Service

Probably due 20 the congested con-
ditions which made each camp bound
special train sort of Black Hole OF
Calcutta on wheels last Sunday night,
a new schedule has been worked out.
1t becomes effective Saturday OF this
week.
Between 10 o'clock Saturday morning
and $3.50 in the evening, no fewer than
thirteen trains will carry leave men 10
New York. There will be nine Sun
day trains, city bound. There will be
five Saturday specials from the city
to camp and seventeen on sunday. Fl
forts will be made to distribute the
men equally among the trains, To see
that there is no overcrowding the
provost marshal will have guard at
the camp station, at the Pennsylvania
and Atlantic Avenue terminals and on
the transfer platforms at Jamaica.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
ENGAGEMENTS

GRANT-REHM- Martha Rehm TO Edmund
NJ. Grant.
oPpENHEIMER- HERZFELD-Mrs. Sophie
Herzfsd. of ~ West l26th St, has an
nounced the engagement OF her daugh,er'
Miss Alma j. Her,feld. to Jerome H. op-
nonb,imer Of Brooklyn At home Sun
day afternoon, October q, from until
D. n.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
Dutch Queen Receives Garrett

AMSTERDAM. Oct. 1.-THE Ameri-
can Minister to The Netherlands, John
W. Garrett, presented his credentials
this morning 10 the Queen. Mr.. Gar
rett succeeds DR.. Henry van Dyke at
The Netherlands post.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
Wilhelm Singer

AMSTERDAM, Oct. II. -- Wilhelm
Singer. editor of the "Neues Wiener
Tageblatt and president of the Inter
national Press Association, is dead in
Vienna, says a Vienna dispatch to-day.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
BIRTHS

MARIZZANO- 20 Mr.. and Mrs MARIO
Marianne, Arleigh Road Douglas "anor'
l.. l., q daughter. on October ~.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
Night Drilling in Order

Then the platoons will be picked
over and the bombers, rife grenadiers,
snipers. sketchers. signalers. runners,
observers, cstimaters and light ma
chine gun men will be selected. Each
man will go TO the work which the gem
eral drill has shown him best fitted to
perform.
A typical day BY the clock would be
this: Reveille. $3.50 a. m; mess. $40;
police and sick call,. $50: drill call,
200; recall. 11:30; mess, noon; drill,
1900 p. m; recall. 400; quarters in
spection. 1870; mess, 500; retreat
or evening parade, $50; guard
tiers. l0:45; taps. II. In addition TO
this would be the night drills rs or
dered and upon which great stress IL
laid.
Officers and non-commissioned off
GERS will have their own daily schools
in addition. These must be iitted into
the day or night and the men will have
little time to themselves throughout
the entire course.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
Rifle Work and Machine
Gunnery To Be Training
School Features
16 Weeks Hard Work
Reveille at $3.50 A. NJ, Taps
at IL P. M. and There Will
Be Night Drills Besides

WASHINGTON, Oct. 1l.-Courses for
the great military schools at divisional
training camps have been marked out
as carefully as are those of high
schools or colleges. The whole scheme
Of the sixteen-week course, to its mi
nutest detail, is based on what General
Pershing and his officers already have
learned on the other side. 1t will be
varied as new lessons are learned at
the fighting front. The plan is calcu-
lated to produce infantry divisions uni
formly organized, equipped and trained.
Ii will cut down materially the train
inc time abroad. The first division TO
graduate from the home training school
and reach France will need but a few
weeks additional instruction 10 fit il
for duty az the front.
For the first five weeks the men will
learn all about the mechanism Of the
rife, how TO keep it clean, how TO load,
sight and fire.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-12
Training for Marksmen

With tho sixth week they will begin
spending sixteen hours a week shoot
ing at targets of all sorts. While one
platoon or company il firing, the Others
will be at work estimating distances
70 train their eyes, studying the use of
fire control instruments, range finders
and observation glasses.
Divisions having passed through the
schooling will be remarkably effective
in action, "a every man retained will
have had rifle work enough to make
him a qualified marksman.
Tho sample schedules show a full
day Of work from 1880 a. m. to 4:40
p. m. except Wednesday. and Saturday,
when the men will be allowed 20 do
as they please after p. n. Saturday
morning will be inspection day. when
all the work covered will be reviewed
and individuals or units will be meas
ured by higher officers for efficiency.
II below standard. they will lose their
afternoon leisure until they catch up.
Selection Of men for special duties
will not be made until the eleventh
week. Up 10 that time courses will
be all the same.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1917-08-23

Atlanta, Aug. 22.-''Do Blue Sun,
DAY laws promote good morals. or
do they cause the pendulum to swinc
backward ?"
Again the old, old question has
been raised in Georgia, but fhis finn.
not in Atlanta in connection with ev
'hlef Beavers who won some recent
lotorlety i'll connection Herewith. non
docs it concern the preparations 70,
providing wholesome recreation fcI
the soldiers who will train in camps
in Atlanta, Macon ana Auguta.
Quitman, Ga, comes to the fore
with the age-old problem, and Edi
'or Royal Daniel, Of the Ouitmar
Free Press takes the position edito
rally that You cannot legislate NOR
allty; efforts to do so always result
Il a wide open town"
Under this heading. Editor DAME
contends that the city council of Quit
man made mistake when it pagsel
blue Sunday ordinances, and he de
clares fatty that their action was -,
victory for the open-town advocates
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1917-08-23

In connection with the 5elective
draft there is an important point that
should be borne i'll mind by employ
ers. If an employe has been accept
cd by the local board and certified
fer con8cription, his position should
ne held open for him. The fact that
he has passed the medical eXamina
zion and has been certified does moi
mean that he is going to be accepted
when he undergoes the second exam
intion at the mobilization camp.
Therefore, every person who has an
employee to go to the mobilization
camp next month, should hold posi-
tions open until after the second eX
animation. Some Of the men now
passed are going to be allowed to
come home, and when they do theii
old positions should be open for them