davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

with heavy brides. Horses should be
taught to stand and to lead before
they are brought into the ring. Most
horses show to good advantage when
stretched slightly. 1t is advisable to
exercise all horses to be shown for
considerable time before the show.
both at the walk and at the trot. Find
level strip Of road and let-the ami
NAL walk and trot back and forth
over a space Of 100 feet for ten or
fifteen minutes each day so that he
may know what is expected of him
when shown. Always stand a horse
with his front feet on slightly higher
ground than his hind feet.
1t Is important that horses be we'll
groomed. The materials usually used
for grooming are curry comb, hair
brush, fiber brush. wooden cloth and
damp sawdust. To get an animals
coat in good condition the comb and
fiber brush, followed by the hair
brush, should be used every day. After
the coat gives the hair q gloss and
also takes UP any dust that may be
deposited. To remove dirt from the
hair, sawdust which has been thor
oughly dampened, should be rubbed
into the hair and then brushed out
with a stiff bristle brush.
The name and tail shocld be combed
daily. Tangled parts should first b
separated with the fingers as a comb
is likely to pull out the hair. In the
larger shows the names are beatded
and the tails are tied and artfncial
flowers are usually appropriately at
tached.
The artractiveness OF an animal Is
often enhanced by shoeing with heavy
shoes, by we'll oiled hoofs and by
smuggling the long hairs about the lawn
ears. and other places with a lighted
tafIow candle.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
OF AGRICULTURE
HAS NO SEED TO DIS
TRIBUTE OR SELL.

No seed for free distribution nor for
sale is at the disposal Of the United
States Department of Agriculture.
The department, however, through its
Committee on Seed Stocks. is receiving
daily Geographic and other reports as to
available supplies Of seeds of crops for
late planting, and will assist in locat-
ing seed stocks for localities where
shortages exist. The ,mmittee is CO.
operating with state. local. and COM
mercial agencies in an effort to secure
better distribution Of seed and to en-
courage paintings OF all important
crops.
Information regarding shortages
and surplus stocks should be addressed
to r. A. Oakley, Chairman. Committee
on Seed Stocks. U. s. Department Of
Agriculture, Washington. D. C.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

end of their third laN.ng year. Con.
seaucntiy, if efforts were made to dis
rose of all females when their best
laying days were over a large quantity
OF poultry meat would be placed on
the market. All poorly developed
chickens should likewise be culled out
posing of unprofita BILE fowls would al
low the farmer to feed his grain to
younger and more productive fowls.
Caponizing the cockerels that are
not intended for breeding purposes
will not only increase their size but
will place a more desirable poultry
meat on the market. Another prac-
tice that should be adopted more
widely is that of fattening all chick
ems that are to be marketed before
they leave the farm. This can be
done easily by confirming the birds for
week or ten days and feeding them a
good fatteaing ration. They will
come to nnarket then in better condi-
ton and the farmer will receive a
pro:it for their adaed weight
TIE greater production of turkeys
ducks, geese, and guineas. all Of
which can be profitab!y raised and a
ready market found in most sections,
meat considerably. The production of
ducks especially should be emphasized
et THIS tire, because of the rapidity
with which they grow. Ducks of most
OF .nr meat breeds. properly fed and
mara gaa. frequently weigh from five
to six pounds at ten weeks of age. 1t
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
CONCRETE FOR BUILDING.

Concrete is good building mate
rial or it is not and this will depend
upon the materials used and the way
they are handled. When properly
made concrete is the best known
building material but care is needed
in the making. Cement blocks are
manufactured and offered for sale in
very many communities which are
not only practically worthless for per-
manent construction but some Of
them are positively dangerous. The
chief reason for this lies in the fact
that they are mixed too dry In order
to take the molds or they are too
poor in cement or both. Such blocks
absorb moisture readily and rapidly
and soon begin to crumble. Use
plenty of good cement and mix very
wet and the blocks will be waterproof
and lasting as the ages.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
PLANT LICE OR ApHDs.

They can be killed on golden glow.
sweet peas, rose, buckthorn. plums. or
any plant, by applications of soap
solution. This Is perfectly safe to use.
and leaves no bad odor, and few
applications apparently ere sufficient
to rid plant OF its unpleasant para
site.
Dissolve a five-cent cake Of ivory
soap in Eve or six gallons Of hot water.
and apply forcibly with a spray-pump
when lukewarn1. The insects must be
hit with force. Occasionally bending
over the twigs and immersing the az
fected leaves. shaking them back and
forth in the liquid. is more effective
than spraying. Directing a stream Of
water from a garden hose against
plant-lice colonies is Of some help, il
the water strikes them with force.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
STORE VEGETABLES AND FRUITS
PROPERLY.

Don't let fresh vegeta bles or fruits
wilt or lose their flavor or begin to
rot because they are handled care
lessly. Keep perishable vegetables in
cool, dry, well-aired, and for most
vegetables, dark rather than light
places.
Learn how to store potatoes cab
bages. root crops. fruits, and other
foods so that they will keep properly
for later use.
Don't think that any place in the
cellar or pantry Is good enough to
store food.
Heat, dampness, poor ventilation.
bruising or breaking will rapidly make
many vegetables rot. ferment, or
spoil. Warmth and light make vege-
tables sprout and this lowers their
quality.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

animal and also on the pasture. Equal
parts of corn and oats have been found
to be = good mixture to feed Stall
lions and work horses that are to be
shown should be fed enough grain and
hay to put them in good condition
little grass or green feed of some
kind is useful as conditioner and as
an appetizer
Draft horses are shown at halter ex-
cept In the case of draft pairs. 1t is
good form to show mares and young
horses with rope hatters. Halters
made from half-inch rope are prefer
able except for foals when halters
made from three-eighths inch rope are
more in keeping with the size of the
animal. Draft stations are shown
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
POTENTIAL PORK P0SSIBIL ITlES-D ElAND FOR PIGS
Innpoan No Should
Overthe
Be- GretI IMP

est usefulness. Occasionally sows are
unsuitable for breeding because OF
their clumsiness, high" condition, in
activity or barrenness, and these. OF
course, go to market when OF proper
weight but the total sows of this class
is a mere bagatelle.
In these days when labor is high
and also scarce on many farms. the
hos may afford "a way out" Hoge
utilize refuse and waste grains, dam
grain behind cattle or shattered grain
in harvest fields; and utilizing slaugh-
terhouse by-products and dairy by
products. They are also largely self
feeders. The modern farm cafeteria
gives pig a chance to make hog
of himself more quickly than he can
by the handled route, and it has the
added merit of being the cheapest
way Of producing pork. A sow when
she is not developing litter or nurs-
ing pigs, can in summertime be
placed in a pasture and given very
little grain. In winter, possibly the
cheapest maintenance ration is a COM
bination of grain and hay. such as
corn. wheat rye. or barley, and alfalfa,
cowpeas or soy bean hay. The
grain should be limited to one or two
pounds per hundred pounds live
weight per day. Sows should be given
all the hay they wiz. clean up. Sows
which show exceptionally rundown
condition from sucking their pigs
should be separated from the herd
and fed grain until they regrain breed
ing condition. Where pastures are
very luxuriant it is possible to carry
breeding sows on pasture alone. but
the most palatable hay will not keep
sows in good breeding condition if fed
alone.
Breeding sows are at premium
and the demand for young stock is
The hog buyers state
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

largely q state Of mind. II the broody
coop is put where the hen can see the
rest of the flock she will grow restless.
After four days let her return to the
flock. BY this time she will have
changed her mind and will go back
to laying. Be sure to feed her liber-
ally while in the coop, for laying hens
must have a surplus Of fat. hen in
ton to the broody hen will make q
great difference in the looks of the
balance sheet. In these days of high
priced eggs it Is important that the
hen take as little vacation as possible.
The actual economy secured by the
keeping Of . small flock of chickens
depends primarily upon their egg pro-
duction, and this in turn is largely
matter Of care. Under favorable con-
ditions, however. it is estimated that
$50 eggs the first year and 100 the
second Is fair return from the ordi-
nary hen. On the other hand, at least
from Is to 50 cents year must be
expended for grain and other feeds,
the exact amount depending upon the
quantity of table scraps and green and
insect food available. Where all the
feed must be purchased. from 81 to
$l.25 is allowed. Even In the most
thrifty household. however, there is
always large quantity of table scraps,
vegetable parings. and other left
overs" for the hens, 50 that a con-
siderable portion Of their feed con-
sists of what otherwise would be
carried of the place by the garbage
man.
Although of less importance than
the eggs, the supply Of poultry for the
table furnished by the home flock is
an item that can not be overlooked.
In a flock Of Is which the owner is
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
Poland China Sow.

in their reports that they are COM
PEELED to take anything that looks like
hog. The huctuation in the number
of hogs in the United States is subject
largely to the fluctuations in the finan-
cial condition of the country. The
high prices paid for hogs are, big
inducement to farmers to market their
hogs, and as stated before. the high
prices Of corn caused them to cut
loose during the latter part of the
year. The high prices paid for hogs
and an Increasing export trade are
the two main factors which make the
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
BRAC1NG THE SCREEN DOOR

Screen doors, being lightly con.
structed, are often inclined to saG
even though in use only short time.
One way to overcome this tendency u
by putting on cast iron corner braces
which can be Purchased at almost any
hardware store. But cheaper and
equally effective method is to block
the door UP at the bottom rntl 1t y
square, then draw taut a piece OF
wire from the lower outside corner,
diagonally to the inside stile or side Of
frame. This can be done by placing
screws four or five inches from the
corner and drawing heavy wire
around the heads of the screws. This
serves as a brace and 10 not As I'M
slightly as strip Of wood, which could
be tackled just as suggested for the
wire. i
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

is estimated by poultrymen making a
specially OF growing ducks that the
feed cost per pound Of producing duck
meat ranges from cents to II cents,
depending upon the current prices Of
grain and other feeds
The number Of marketable eggs can
be increased by following a few prac-
tical suggestions Among the most
important OF these are the production
OF the infertile egg after the breed
ing season is over, and the proper
handling of eggs by the farmer before
sending them to market. The infertiIe
egg is obtained when all male birds
are removed from the flock. This
does not decrease the number of eggs
produced, but it does increase greatly
their keeping qualities. The produc-
ton of the infertile egg and the proper
handling and marketing of eggs by
the producer would increase tremen-
dously the number Of marketable eggs
each year by diminishing the quantity
that are rendered unfit for food.
An increased production of ducks
eggs is advisable where available mar
kets are found.
The poultry house should be clean
and sanitary and the fowls free from
insect pests, thereby preventing dis
ease and mortality. 1t is estimated
that nearly 1000, 900 worth of poultry
is lost each year through disease alone.
Special attention should be given to
the feeding and housing Of laying
fowls at seasons of the year when
their natural source Of food supply Is
cut off.
Broody hens greatly reduce the egg
yield and in this time of egg shortage
it is important that each hen be kept
busy. 1t is a mistake to let them sit
simply because they want to. II they
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

A few toads in hotbeds and cold
frames are of inestimable value. They
will keep down all insects that begin
to show themselves, finding them un-
der leaves and stalks that hide them
from an ordinary observer. In Paris
toads are regularly caught and sold to
gardeners for insect hunting in their
greenhouses. And yet many boys and
older people destroy them ruthlessly
as soon as they discover them in the
garden. The toads will eat cut worms
by the wholesale, if they can find
them. and | have seen them devour
potato bugs in great mum bers when
deprived of more palatable food.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

A SOW is a good investment This
Is true even in these strenuous times
of high prices Of food concentrates
The quotations on these feeds are con-
trolled to a considerable extent by the
price at which meat animals sell.
Hence concentrates usually command
a high figure when hogs on the moor
at large packing centers sell at more
than 16 cents per pound. however
record prices for swine as we'll as
feed concentrates have been al great
incentive to farmers to cash in all
the hogs available. That many soWs
have been included is evident from
the fact that Bureau Of Crop Esti-
mates report approximately three per
cent fewer sows on farms in. the
United States than year ago. Fur
Their, this Is the first year that the
supply has not increased since 1918.
At this time the marketing of a
sow that can be or has been bred is
fairly comparable to killing the goose
that laid the golden egg" Although
the fecundity Of swine Is well appre-
ciated by farmers. at times sows are
sacrificed when a little forethought
cause them to be retained.
Breeding sows multiply five or SIX
times as rapidly as other meat ami
mails, They have an average litter OF
five or six pigs and may be bred twice
a year. although three times in two
years accords more with current farm
practice The filters increase In size,
on the average, until sows are Ave or
six years old. However, large pro-
portion of the sows are sold after pro-
ducing one or two litters and before
they have reached the period Of great
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

hog business especially attractive q
the present time. Millions OF farmers
would purchase sows to farrow this
coming season If they could, but this
is almost an impossibility. Those
farmers who are fortunate enough to
have retained their breedings sow
will play an important role In placing
spring pigs on the market The spring
gifts from these filters should not Be
sent to market for meat purposes, but
should be retained or sold only for
breeding purposes in order to augment
the pig crop next year.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
This Hopper Prevents Feed waste.

are allowed to follow their inclinations
they will sit Indefinitely. If they are
broken up they will begin laying again
in about ten days, provided that they
are in good condition.
Such methods as dipping the broody
hen in water are useless in breaking
her up and they may impair future
egg production. AS soon as the hen
shows signs of broodiness she should
be removed to Stat or wire bottom
coop. She will be easier broken up at
first than later. Broodiness is quite
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
HOMEMADE WHrTEWAsH.

Stake one bushel of good quicklfne
with not more than twelve gallons OF
water. Stake the lime and keep the
vessel covered until steam ceases 10
rise, stirring occasionally to prevent
scorching. Prepare a second mixture
containing two pounds common salt
and one pound zinc suiphate in two
gallons of boiling water. Pour this
into the slaked lime and stir in two
gallons of skim milk. Stir vigorously.
This makes an excellent weather
proof whitewash, suitable for walls
and fences.-Dr. c. Francis.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
THE DAIRY COW WILL DO HER BIT

ment and multiplication. Bacteria
cannot reproduce fast enough to sour
milk in "a hours If it Is kept below .
temperature of SIS degrees F. There
fore, milk should be cooled a. soon
after production as possible. The
easiest and most practical plan Of
cooling is to sink the cans to the level
OF the milk in tub or running sprinG
Of cold water and to stir the milk fire..
Quently for or 10 minutes until cool
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

perpetuating there will be approx
nately II or 10 cockerels, almost all
of which can be used best for food.
Half Of the hens must go each year
also. so that allowing for losses and
for birds reserved for breeding there
still will be enough appreciably to af-
feet the butchers bill.
From II to Is hens are sufficient to
provide the ordinary family with
enough eggs and meat to render the
keeping Of the birds worth while.
The amount of outdoor space the flock
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
WE CAN ALL HELP WIN
THE WAR.

The limiting factor in the produos
ton of foodstuffs right now Is labor.
Every man, woman. and chad
should help meet the situation BY
working in a garden or on a farm or
by preserving the products OF gardsa.
orchard, and farm.
Every community should release
from other forms of employment all
farm trained labor and send Il out to
the aid of the farmer.
Good prices for labor should be en-
couraged.
Children in schools, able to do out
door work. should be freed for such
work and given credit in their studies
for the rest OF the school year.
Tractors should be kept going -
hours day, blowing and disking
THESE ARE THINGS TO DO
NOW.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
INCREASING POULTRY PRODUCTS IN UNITED STATES
Of
Ours MeatF the eandE EGGS

Very few farmers practice q system
attic plan Of disposing Of their fowls
after they have ceased to be produc-
tive. although it is we'll known that
fowls of the Heavier breeds, such az
the Plymouth Rocks, cease to pro-
duce a profitable number OF eggs at
the end of their second laying year,
and that this holds true Of the lighter
breeds, such as the Leghorns, at the
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
FITTING DRAFT HORSES FOR SHOW

Draft horses that are to be shown
at the county fairs need some extra
caro- and attention. To show at an
advantage horses should be in good
condition, well hammered and well
groomed. Brood mares and young
horses on pasture should be fed some
grain for considerable time before
they are shown. The amount Of grain
vii. depend on the condition Of the
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

1t should be held at or below IS d.
grees F. if possible until used
The five essentials for production Of
first grade milk are: 1. Healthy cows
and men; 2 Clean cows and mon: 3.
Clean cans and pals: 4. Covered milk
ing pals: 5. Cooling milk to IS degrees
F. or below within an hour after pro-
duction and holding II as low ~ pes-
sible until delivered.-Percy Werner.
Jr.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
VALUABLE DONTS FOR THE
DAIRYNEAN,

In rearing and developing dairy
heifers-
Don't overfeed. Twice as many
calves are stunted by overlooking as
BY underfeeding.
Don't change suddenly from whole
10 skimmiIk.
Don't keep calves in damp. dark,
crowded, poorly, ventilated barns.
Don't feed milk in dirty pals.
Don't be irregular as to time Of
feeding, temperature or amount Of
milk.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03
MAKE BUTTER.

Some butter-making should be part
of the household duties OF the fruit
grower, the cattle breeder. the grain
raiser, as we'll as Of the general farmer.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

Be careful how you feed sows that
have little pigs. If too heavy feed is
given, 1t may lead to sickness in the
pigs.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

Plant few more hogs and you VIM
garner the golden shekels.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

Great care should be taken to keep
the hrooder clean, and they should be
Arid every day
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

Cut worms attack garden plants.
Use Bordeaux when insects appear.
Scatter poison bait before planting.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

The tanning mill is one factor -
success in oat growing. Grading the
seed, sowing the heavy. plump kernels.
gives the young plant better start y
life.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

Increase tho farm stock to the e1-
tent OF utilizing all the coarse food and
idle hands of the farm.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

Topworking of undesirable trees
may be done when cions are dor
mant.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

Plant the potato Feelings in the
fence corner.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-03

Produce all the food required for
the men and animals on the farm.
La rassegna. [volume] (Philadelphia, Pa.) 1917-????, 1917-04-07
Piccola Posta

Avv. Strizzi F. Reale, City.
- Grazie infinite per la cortese
pubblicazione; quando vorrete
vogliate dIsporre di moi. Saluti e
buona Pasqua.
Iris, City. - Lo scrisse Neera
mel suo "addio": L'amore e il
fuoco che riscalda, la passione e
Pincendio che distrugge. Non
crediamo pero che vol, anima
frerra piu di un rettile, state mai
stata capace delPuno 0 dellaltra.
Potreste anche sostenerci il con-
trario, ma moi non vi crederem-
Fmo Sc non in seguito al response
positive di un'autOpsia cada-
verica.
Giglio biancO, City. - Abba
/ mo ricevuto e mOlte grazle.
/ Cercheremo di controcambiare il
bel complimento ALA prima oc-
casione. State sana e vogliateci
/ sempre bene.
G. LancianO, City. - LOrto-
lano sta POGO bene da piu di una
settimana. per il prossimo nu-
nero ha promesso pero di SERVE.
re le "Foglie d'Ortica". Sc vedt
Durante accarezzagli un po' Ia
coda anche per conto nostrO. Sa.
luti.
V. Di GirOlamO, Washington
ID. C. - Non sal niente? L'inef
fable Agostino e in procinto d
prendere moglie. Anticipa lie do
vute condoglianze per tanto fu
turo funesto avvenimento. Salut
Y. - Prima di decidermi
non pensarci piu, vOrrei dirt
due, proprio due, sole due paro
line alPorecchio. Per un ingenu'
sarebbe strano il tue contegno
per me no. Conosco un pochinO
monde 10. Scrivimi Sc credi
dammit un appuntamento.
T. Giustiniani, City - Ricor
dati del detto latino "promissi
viri est obbligatio" e. lascia ch
il monde cammini sempre all
rovescio. Buona Pasqua.