davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30
PLANS TO CONTROL
BEAN ANTHRACN0SE
Seed Selection Is Most Important
Spraying With Bordeaux
Mixture Favored.

CBy OTTO A REINRING. Colorado Agr1
cultural College. Fort Collins. COloO
Bean anth-acnose, a fungus disease
common at certain portions OF the~sea-
son upon the wax and green
beans, causes spotting Of the pods and
growing parts The disease. first APP
pears as a small purplish diScolora-
ton which later develops into a larger
spot with a darkened sunken center
bordered by a light-brown ring Spots
can run together, forming irregular
sunken areas. During certain stages,
a pink mass OF spores is formed in
the center OF each spot The fungus
penetrates through the pod into the
bean seeds, the latter often becoming
discolored or spotted.
Various control methods can be
used. Seed selection is the most impor-
tant. Seeds should only be used from
healthy pods, preferably grown on
fields where little disease is present
It is practically impossible TO select
clean seed, except by taking those
from healthy pods.
Spraying with bordeaux mixture,
$3.50 formula, is advised when the
disease appears early, and If praei-
cable. Burning OF infected material,
and rotation OF crops Is important
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30
DRAG is FUNDAMENTAL TOOL
1t Is Simplest and Cheapest Of All I'm
pIements-Not Difficult Of
Operation

Economy in road building calls for
consideration Of tools, consideration Of
operation, and comparison Of results.
On all these points the split1og drag
scores a bu1's-eye. 1t is the simplest
and cheapest OF all road tools And it
is the cheapest and easiest to operate
And, when assisted by farm imple-
ments, if can be made to do anything
that needs to be done in building the
average earth road; with results that
1t is difficult to obtain with any other
tool, no matter how expensive 1t may
be.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30
GOOD ROADS NOW IMPORTANT
Transportation of Raw Materials and
Finished Products Of Far
reaching Importance.

new public demand which must re-
ceive at once the most careful study.
Every resource OF the country must be
utilized to the utmost and all unprO-
ductive expenditures OF money and en-
ergy must be stopped The efficiency
Of the American army and navy will
be fostered by greater efficiency among
those called upon TO bear the financial
strain on our resources and TO furnish
the labor and material needed to sup
ply our armed forces
The products of the forest, mine,
farm and factory must be supplied to
both nation and private consumer at
the lowest reasonable cost in order
that all may contribute their utmost.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30
APPLY BUSINESS PRINCIPLES TO FARMING

Farmers should apply business prin-
ciples TO farming, according to TheO-
dore Macklin, in charge OF agricultural
economics in the Kansas agricultural
experiment station.
''The farmer Of today lives on the
profit which he can make, more than
he does on the few things which he
produces and consumes without first
selling" said Mr.. Macklin- His ideal
is profit above everything else.
Many complex forces affect the size
OF the farmers profits. Market condi-
tons and prices and the farmers in
dividuaI cost Of production should be
given consideration The farmers
profit consists OF the difference which
may exist between the market price
when he sells his products am his
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30

Of age on crushed grains and after
few weeks may receive whole grain
At weaving time every effort should
be made 70 get them through without
loss OF their calf fat The grain rs-
ton should beeincreased so that the
loss OF their milk viii not be felt
They should also be weaned gradu-
ally, the entire process taking from
ten TO fifteen days. Fall-born calves
should not be Eeaned until after the
COWS and calves are on grass, and
Spring-bOrn calves should be weaned,
IL possible, early enough in the fall
TO allow them some time on grass.
After weaving time the Feeding and
management OF the calf depends
largely upon the time OF the year IL
is born and the age at which il is TO
be sold. Suggestive calendars for the
management and feeding OF both
spring-bOrn and fall-born calves are
contained in Farmers Bulletin Sill
The rations provided for the calves
In these calendars consist OF corn. cot
tonseed meal, corn silage, clover hay,
and oat straw, but other substances
may be substituted for them Barley,
milo, kafir, and similar grains, for in
stance, may be used in place OF corn.
though in slightly larger quantities.
Linseed oil meal. too, is a satisfactory
substitute for cOttOnSeed meal. II
neither is available, the rOughage
should consist chiefly OF a high-grade
leguminous hay. When available, cat
straw should be kept before the
calves at all times, not because OF it's
nutritiye value. but because Of its
slightly laxative and alternative ef-
feet
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30

whether it be small or large, to the
national defense. The transportation
of raw materials and finished products
becomes far more important than ever
before, for transportation charges form
a large part of the cost OF many es-
SentialS.
Utility must be given more weight
than heretofore in reaching decisions
as to road improvements and mere en-
joyment, ordinarily a legitimate OBJ
ject for some expenditure of public
funds, must be relegated to the back
ground for a time. Our roads have &C
Quired an Importance as agencies in
national preparedness which calls for
q mobilization of our road builders for
the greatest efficiency in the broad
transportation problems Of the coun-
try.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30

also sawed wood and it worked finely.
The engine had power to waste. Final
ly our new four-hole corn shelter ar
rived. We put it together, put on the
belt and lined it up.
'T said, John. do you think 1t win
pull herr John said. I do not know;
let US try I said. AN. right and
so we started the engine going. slipped
the belt on the pulley OF the engine
and the shelter speeded up right away.
We threw In q scoopful OF corn, and
10 our surprise 1t was gone. We threw
IN hopperful, and In few minutes
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30
Overcoming Sorrows.

Unrequited love was given as the
reason for the suicide Of a pretty jap
aneSe girl at Long Beach. No blame
can justly be attached TO anyone under
such circumstanees, but, It Is a pity
that men and women might not more
often have the strength TO overcome
such sorrOws by q life OF unselfsh
service to the world. 81 loved a wom-
an, says Whitman, @and she did not
return my loFe-yet ont OF tbs love
ana this sorrow have written thssa
songs.zLos Angeles Times
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30


sion of Mr.. c. F. Gunther of Chicago; this was the
first one raised, but shot away. The flag
owned by the Littlepages is the second up
Regan's Flag
In the rooms of the Stevenson Post at Roxbury
Mass, is preserved one of the strangest banners
the world has seen. In a tobacco factory in
Richmond, in Civil war times, many Federal SOL
diers were prisoners, among them Timothy j.
Regan. Regan conceived the idea of making flag
of Federal Stars and Stripes even in the close
confinement of their prison. There were about 20
men and they secretly got together the material
flannel shirt made the blue ground, shirt Of
white cotton furnished the white stars, and goods
were bought sufficient to make the red and white
stripes. In hiding, they worked at their task till
last it was finished It thrown to the wind at
once in a place which sheltered from the
view of the guards then torn into strips and d.
vided among the men. After the war, Regain, by
persistent effort managed to get together all the
pieces and had them sewn into a flag, which is
at Roxbury.
The flag of the Maine, the ship whose sinking
precipitated the Spansh-American war in 1885, is
kept at Annapolis. Near by the banners captured
by Dewey at Manila from the Spanish, well
trophies of the battle of Santiago.
The banner which foated over the North pole
raised there April 6, 1909 by Commander Robert
E. Peary lies for safekeeping in the vaults of
Il safe deposit company in Washington. It was
made by Mrs. Peary, the stars being worked In
silk embroidery. It flown in the wind the
shores of the Polar for than a fourth
of its circumference The bits of white with
which it is dotted indicate the fragments which
the explorer left with records at different places
in his journey. Some deposited at Cape
Morris K. Jessup the farthest northern point of
land earth was left at Cape Thomas Hub
bard another at the starting point of the dash
for the pOIe-Cape Columbia-five bits are in the
Ice of "Peary's -Farthest North" in 1905, and
is yet in the eternal stiffness of the North pole
ITSELF
Oldest Flag in Museum.
The oldest flag in the National museum, at
Washington is the first United States flag of
which there is authentic record. This is the ban
of John Paul Jones. On the very day the law
enacted establishing a national flag for the
United States Of America June f. 1777 congress
appointed John Paul Jones to be commander of
thority, the exact date Of the making Of the
after the congressional enactment. because the
bearing the Stars and Stripes and commanded
about December I, 1777, and her flag received, on
February a. IT'S, the first salute paid to an
American flag by foreign naval vessels"
Later, Paul Jones set his loved ensign high
above the Bon Homme Richard and it waved tri-
umphant many a fierce encounter with the
foes of the country. The most notable Of
these when it in contact with the Brit
ish ship Scraps in 1779 and went down. Commo-
dor Jones rescued his precious STARRY flag" and
hoisted it over the captured Scraps, bringing it
home covered with honor.
The museum authorities believe this to be the
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30

individual cost Of producing those prod
ucts.
In the past this difference between
the selling price and the supposed cost
Of production has been wide enough SO
that practically any farmer, regard
less OF his training, experience and
skill, could make q living. The margin
OF profit has been growing smaller each
year.
"When profits were relatively easily
secured In generous amounts the
farmer could guess as to which lines OF
production were worth while, but now
that margins have become SO small,
some way OF keeping an account OF his
business is absolutely necessary II he
would be certain Of making the profit
which he desires"
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30
Wasts h Patehina Roads

This life is full Of strange ineon-
sistencies. People complain about the
money wasted on chewing gum. false
hair and skin foods, but it isn't the
price OF a haircut TO the sums wasted
In patching roads that refuse to stay
patched.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30

we had fifty bushels of corn shened.
This was just for a test; the engine
had power to spare.
Since the first of last December
we have shelled 10000 bushels of
corn, besides doing some jobs of wood
saving"
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30

prepared by the United States Depart-
ment OF AgricultUre)
One OF the first decisions that the
producer Of baby beef should make is
whether TO have his calves born in
the spring or in the fall. At the pres
ent time most OF the calves on farms
are born during the spring, but those
who have tried the fall caIving plan
under suitable conditions, find it pos
sibly more satisfactory. The fall
born calf fits in with pastures some
what better than those born in the
spring. His first summer is spent on
the pasture and at the end Of this pc
Rod he goes into the dry lot for finish
ing. On the other hand, the spring
born calf must be fed during the first
winter and when the pastures are
ready usually cannot be placed on
them because he has reached the fin,
ishing period and should go into the
dry lot. Again, the farmer who sells
milk viii derive greater profit when
his COWS freshen in the fall, since
milk markets are better then than in
the spring. An additional advantage
is the fact that finishing calves in the
fall and early winter interferes less
with other farm work than in the
spring and early summer. On the
other hand, in extremely cold climates
calves born in the late fall viii suffer,
so that warm barns are a necessity.
More feed is also necessary 10 main
tain COWS when they are nursing
calves and If this is done in the win
ter when pastures are not always
available, the expense OF keeping the
herd viii be somewhat increased
Furthermore, farmers who buy COWS
that have been bred to calve In the
fall must lose six months Of service
from them If the change is made TO
fall calYing.
Milk for Calves.
1t is also necessary for the owner
to determine whether the calves shall
have all OF their mothers milk OF
whether any other use is 10 be made
OF it. Under the so-caIIed beef sys-
TEN, all the calves are allowed to
nurse their dams and the COWS are
kept strictly for the calves which they
produce. Under the system of dOu-
BILE nursing, some OF the COWS are re-
Quired to suckIe two calves and the
milk from the others is sold or dis
posed OF in some way. Many herds,
too, are kept both for beef and milk
purposes. Under this system, known
as the dual purpose, the cows are
MIXED and the calves are raised on
skim milk and grain A fourth sys-
tenn is used chiefly in the Southeast
and is known as the partial milking
system. Under this method the calves
take a portion Of the milk and the
balance is hand MIXED This in
wolves a great deal Of trouble and Ia
Dor, however, and is not practicable
on the average beef-producing farm.
In general, it is said that the beef and
the double-nursing systems are the
most satisfactory for the production
of prime baby beef.
Under ordinary circumstances
calves intended for baby beef should
be fed q conservative ration OF grain
as soon as they viii eat 1t. In all
cases baby beef calves should be fed
literally on grain for at least one
month before weaving time. They
may be started when four to six weeks
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30
Conducive to Happiness.

Good roads are more conducive to
human happiness than good diges-
ton. You can cOddle your digestion
with matted milk, but there is moth
ing more certain to convert a COW
path into q hard-surfaced highway
than brains, plus money, plus con
crete.
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30
SHELLS CORN WITH HIS AUTO
Farmer Tells of Work Done by Twen-
ty Horse Power Car Win
Reit-Power Attachment.

1.-THE recent reference in Farm and
FiFeside to the use of automobiles for
doing farm work." says a writer In
that paper. 'Ieads me to give my own
experience with a belt-power attach
ment l bought 1t last fall and put 1t
On my twenty horse power car.
I'VE ground corn and oats with Il,
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30
Generosity.

us Bliggins an expert gardener
'sYes- But he's too generous. His
own back yard is filling up with weeds
while he wanders around telling the
neighbors what they ought to de-
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30

II possible build your drag OF q ce-
dar post, from the end Of q telephone
pole, 10 to u inches in diameter. or
some other light wood log Use pink
as q last resort
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30

Patient work with the drag when
ever necessary during the season viii
mean more for our roads than viii
trying for bond issues
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30
Rotation Ia 80

Don't plant old bean ground to beans.
Rotate your crops. Clean seed and
clean ground are best insurance against
an kinds Of pests
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30
The Old Canes.

Remember that the fruit OF raspber-
fies, bIackberries, etc, is borne On
wood Of last years growth, hence prun-
ing should not be done until after the
bushes are through ruiting except to
remove dead or old wood and to thin
the canes
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30
Plant = Enr Nut Treea

The average farmer might wei ar
range to plant a few OF the choice mt
bearing trees for shade and future
fuItzge about his home and also IA the
fruit orchardF
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-30
Saved on RInder Twine.

Saved on Binder Irvine.
Farm bureau associations in La PIa-
ia and Montezama counties, Colorado.
have saved 500 BY purchasing binding
Irvine In 1O.O0o-pound lots. They are
now considering buying grain sacks IN
large quantities.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-11
Shepard & Gluck,s Letter

(Received Over w. E. Campbelrs Private
 Wire)
 New Orleans, April 10-The cotton mar ket hesitated today and displayed a lit- tie more readiness to give way under selling pressure. Cables were better than expected after the four holidays in Liv- erpool, and higher prices resulted here around the opening.
 Heavy liquidation met the improve ment and the market fell under 1t. This was not surprising, considering the rap idity of the advance of late and the high levels attained.
 Not little selling was based on ex- expectations were not any too well founded.
 The official forecast held out no hope of rain for that state at least of rains that would break the drouth
 Bullsh operations are being hampered to some extent by uncertainty over how the industrial situation in this country will shape up under a state of war. The question of regulation of profits by spin ners by the government on army supplies seems to be giving many traders much food for thought.
 The spot situation, at the moment. is rather difficult to read. Sellers appear to be little more eager to trade, but 1t would seem to be going too far to state that offerings are pressing on the market. On the whole, we believe it best to go slow for the time being. Those who take profits now will be in a good position to take advantage of any re- cessio which may come about.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-11
N.. c. & ST. l.. REPORTS
 INCREASED EARNINGS
Operating Revenue Is Larger and Ex- penses Are Also Greater Than
 Previous Year

Nashville, Tenn, April 10-The direc- tors and stockholders of the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis railroad met here today. Whiteford R. Cole, son of former president of the road. Col. E. w. Cole, was elected chairman of the board to succeed Maj E. c. Lewis deceased Claude Waller, general counsel. was elected director in Major Lewis place.
 Reports submitted to the stockholders showed that for the year ending Decem- Der 31, 1916, operating revenues were s13,- 51s.5ss.47, as against $11,539,s43.4s for 1915, Operating expenses were s9,749.S1o.4 an increase of S742, 2,6S4SS.
 President John H. Peyton in calling at- tention to the increasing costs in opera tion and maintenance, said that with a return to normal conditions, it win be difficult indeed, tor even the best man. aged and most favorably located rail- read properties to escape the harmful re- suits arising from the many existing ad- verse conditions"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-11
New York Futures
New Orleans Cotton

New Orleans, April 10.-Liquidation was the keynote of the cotton market here today and while no very wide declines were recorded there was none of the bulging tendency seen in yesterdays early trading. Offerings of long cotton were liberal and they were none too we'll absorbed.
 Around the opening prices were P to 24 points up, in response to better ca bles than due. but this improvement was met by heavy selling which soon forced a decline. Gradually prices fell away until they were g to p points under yes- terday's final figures. In the afternoon there were recoveries and even small net advances but rises were not well sus- tained and last prices for the day showed a net loss of 5 to points.
 The reduction of 25 points in spot quo- tations and reports of eagerness to sell by spot owners worked against a steady tone Tn the afternoon.
 Private forecasts of rain for Texas led to some selling and the dry weather in the eastern half of the belt was regard ed favorably. Sentiment was much less bullish than it has been and many brok- CTS expressed the belief that recent ad- vances had been too rapid and had result ed in weakening the technical position Of the market.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-11
GRAIN AND PRODUCE

Chicago, April 10.-Violent breaks in the grain and provision markets took place today, largely as the result of forceful call for government control of foodstuffs, but before the day was at an end there had been a big rebound in prices owing in great measure to the stubborn maintenance of new high record values on hogs. At the point of severest depression, wheat was off 51ac; corn Dc and pork S1.55. Wheat closed unsettled at s2.06s4 to SPOT May, and s1S21s to S1.S27s July, with the market, as whole, ranging from Be decline to Ac advance, compared with yesterdays fin
 ish. Corn closed 1s4c lower to 1c gain,
 oats down %@Ac to 5sc, and provisions at setback of 22c to Sic.
 Although demoralization of prices be-
 gan first in provisions and corn, it was
 only a matter of moments before wheat
 too, was reeling wildly down grade A
 general rush to sell caught the wheat market devoid of any aggressive support,
 and there was soon a condition of semi
 panic, with brokers overwhelmed by the
 flood of stop loss orders to unload. The
 fact that the head of one of the strong
 est houses on the exchange here had
 gone openly on record as urging imme-
 diate radical measures by the government
 to regulate prices formed for a time
 almost the sole influence that received
 any attention. Nearly an hour elapsed
 before the fever to throw wheat holding overheard abated. Then the sudden light ness of the volume of offerings became
 source of fresh anxiety, and there was a sharp rally that in some cases more than overcame the previous decline. Aside from renewed corn strength de-
 rived from the hog market, the ab- sence of rain in Kansas and Nebraska was a bullish factor In the later wheat trading. Urgency of milling demand, together with assertions that foreigners were buying, tended likewise to rally the wheat market.
 Much of the buying that brought about a recovery in corn prices was credited to the seaboard. The early weakness of corn appeared to be due mainly to the intimate relation of the cereal to the provision market.
 oats were relatively neglected the market, however, took the same course as other cereals within somewhat mar. rower limits
 In the excited downswing of provisions, 1 the fact was temporarily ignored that the hog market was not sharing in the though, had spent its chief force, the inflexibility of hog prices received am- pie notice, and there was again a brisk demand for provisions