davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
JUDGE WARNS
u. S. ENEMIES
kEOkUk COUNTY JURtST IN
STRUcTS GRAND JURY ON
sEplTIoUS TAKERS.

Sigourney, Oct. 4.-Judge Wilcox
son in the district court on Tuesday
afternoon empaneled the grand jury
for the October term, consisting OF the
following seven menu. c. Reed, Cur
tbs Heninger, Dug Basey, Chris Pfan'
nebecker, ]. Y. Johnson, H. w. Line
weaver and Louis Snakenberg. J. z.
Reed was selected as foreman and
Miss Edith Shanafelt as clerk.
Judge Willcockson in his instruc.
lions to the grand jury called that
body's special attention to the law
passed by the legislature last winter
in reference to seditious talk and told
that body no matter whether one as an
individual believes in war or not, 1t
was their duty to indict any one who
within the bounds of Keokuk county
had been guilty of seditious talk. Inc
Judges talk was direct and clear to
the point and that II the grand july
found any one who had been guilty OF
seditious talk they must indict him.
The court also told the grand jury
it was their duty to investigate, and II
they found sufficient evidence, to In
dict any and all who were guilty OF
combines in restrain Of trade. And a.
sured them that IL anyone were con-
victed OF that charge in his court that
they would not escape with the mini
mum penalty provided by the statute.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05

hred away back Of the trenches. To be
effective the fire must be concentrated
and last for an hour or so that enough
gas will be formed in one place to pro-
| duce cloud that will be carried with
out dissolving by the wind.
The gas when it first meets the air
Is like steam, then 1t turns at once to a
/ greenish yellow. color and creeps over
the ground. leaving death or terrible
When discharged from tanks, 1t
makes kissing noise, creeps across
No Mans Land, drops to the bottom
on each trench as it passes them and
with ten mile an hour wind, will
carry fifteen, miles.
Explode With Thud.
The gas shells explode with a thud
and the cloud rises from 1t and when
steady rain of shells is kept up,
quickly forms into a large cloud. One
good deep breath Of gas usually kills
but quick treatment may save a life,
though months OF suffering follow.
Sometimes after q year or so the vic
tim will recover. but more often the gas
gradually eats his Internal organs I'M
til he dies. Any metal in your pockets
will at once turn black We were to go
through the actual gas but left camp
for France too soon. l, however, saw
and smelt 1t and saw an English class
go through. 1t was quite interesting.
One kind Of gas. tear gas" is not
fatal. but causes water to run from the
eyes and they smart much the same as
an onion would cause and temporarily
blinds you. After this gas has been sent
over the enemy follows 1t and catches
a bunch Of much handicapped men.
Another gas affects the tender parts
Of the body. between the fingers, un-
der the arms and in all like places, eat
Ing the flesh from these parts and
causing much pain.
Arms in Six Seconds.
With our two days lessons, I think
that I can get into a mask in six sec
onds; the time you have though, de-
ponds only upon the time you can hold
Your breath. which may be six or may
be thirty seconds, depending on just
how full your lungs are when you stop
breathing. Believe me, when we first
met" our masks and listened to our
instructor, we stood with mouth, ears
and eyes wide open. as this was some
thing new to us. We all read Of gas but
never realized the seriousness of it I'M
til then and we had much food for
thought the next few days. The French
masks we now have are different from
the English and are simpler and seem
more convenient. But they all work on
the same principle, mainly a chemical
combination through which the gas
passes and becomes purified Guess I've
reached my limit on this topic and I
hope the censor will see At to o. K.
Private L. NJ Guenther,
Co. D. f3th Engineers (Railway)
U. s. A. with American Elk
peditionary Forces.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
JEFFERSON COUNTY
TEACHERS MEET

Fairfield, Oct. 4-The jefferson
County Teachers institute which open
ed today at the high school building,
promises to be one Of the best which
has been held here for some time.
County superintendent Juns Chichester
has secured an excellent corps OF In
structors and the teachers all over the
county are taking an unusual interest
in this session. All Of the schools of
the county will be closed for the re-
mainder of the week and practically
every teacher in the county will be in
attendance at the entire session.
Wednesday evening Supt. NJ. G..
Clark of Sioux City spoke to the par
ents and teachers at the high school
auditorium. His subject was Just
Among Ourselves" There was a good
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
Professional Cards
W. n. c, Jaques W. d. Tisdals
10 r Jaques
JAQUES. TIsDALE 4 JAQUES
lawyers
los North Court Street.
Railroad Time Tables

c. NJ. q sT.lPAUL TRAINS.
No. Going Southwest Depart.
26A-Southwest Limited >. >1:45 a. m.
A stub train will leave station
for junction at 1:45 4. m, re-
turning, arrive at station at
2:10 a. m.
3A-Kansas. City local 11:o6 a. am.
ssA-ottumwa to Seymour $50 .. m.
ssB-Local freight ...... TOO q. m.
Going East, via Cutoff
26A--southwest Limited. 11:4o p. m.
A stub train will leave station
for Junction at 11:40 p. m. re-
turning, arrive at station ut
1878 q. N.
' ss-bsxenport, chicago: rs p p M m.
Marion Line. Going North
4B-Ced. Rapids. Savanna,
,osB-"cedat RAPIDS. Marion s:sep. m
SsB-Local freight $50. $3.50 q. m.
Marion Line, Coming South
103B-FroYn Marion $1,000. o:40 a. m.
21B-Erom Marion A.... 1885 a. m.
s7B-Local freight 500" = 4:eo p. m
A--Daily.
B-Except Sunday.
Local frsishts depart from and torn
mate Ottumwa Junction.
T. H. Jacobs. Agent
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
u. S. DOCTORS
STUDY NERVES
PREPARATORY WORK FOR WAR
ZONE SERVICE TO OCCUPY
Winter.

American Training Camp in France
Oct. 4.-(Bv the Associated Press.) y
American medical officers will devote
the coming winter to special study
of the diseases peculiar to the wal
and war conditions, in addition to theil
work at the forward Casualty clear
ing stations on the French and British
fronts.
At the casualty stations they will
get all the experience they desire in
the marvellous war surgery which has
made such rapid strides in the past
three years. They will be trained in
all the medical phases of their work
in the field at special schools The
first Of these schools will be estab
lished this month at the hospital taken
over by the Johns Hopkins hospital
unit soon after the first contingent
OF American troops landed in France
NERVE DISEASES SERIOUS.
One subject to which much atten.
ton will be devoted will be that OF
shell shock" which has proved very
troublesome to both the British and
French medical officers. Neurologists
attached to the various American
oAAAIo VIII SIuNy Iuo plOUlou dI CTouCQ
and British hospitals and afterward
will give lectures to their fellow med.
tcal officers both Id, the hospitals and
attached to the troops in training.
There is no more pitiful object in
the world than man acutely suffer-
ing from shell shock. Hypnotism has
been used frequently as cure for
shell shock. 1t stops the trembling
and twitching In most cases, but Of
late is has come to be regarded as
not real cure. The British have
found that soldiers suffering from
shell shock who do not have hypnotic
treatment ivariably get back to duty
quicker than those wo do.
LIKE TEMPORARY MADNESS.
The treatment of shell shock cases
Is often closely akin to that for tenn
porary insanity. The doctors and
other attendants strive always to get
the confidence Of their patients and
try to start them talking, when the
trembling and other manifestations
disappear.
Various phases of insanity will be
very important branch of medical
study this winter while the doctors
are awaiting for the Americans to go
into the trenches Already number
Of mental breakdowns have been treat
ed in the hospitals. With one or two
exceptions, however, these cases have
been those usually met with in civil
an life, the delusions having little to
10 with the army or the war.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
For Lease
COAL MINE TO LEASE. g. WAR
ner, Agency.
RlTEMAN.
RiTEMAN.

Mr.. and Mrs Hayden Powell attend
ed the war bride lay in Abba Wed
nesday evening.
Mrs. Mary Wilkinson was visiting IN
Des Moines the first Of the week with
relatives and friends. She was also out
a Camp Dodge visiting the boys from
here who are In training there.
" Mrs. Noah Davis and Mrs. Mary
4 Milliran were Abba callers Tuesday.
Last Monday morning the home OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Johnson burned 10
the ground. Nothing was saved, and no
: insurance was carried.
\ Mrs Mary Neighbor received word
from her little niece Bessie Kennedy OF
Knoxville that she had taken first
premium on drawing.
Or. and Mrs. Hungate motored to
Abba Saturday evening to meet their
daughter Charlotte who visited with
them over Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Thos. Cossrove went
to Ottumwa Tuesday September rs
and Mrs. Gosgrove went to st. Joseph's
hospital where on Wednesday, morning
4 son was born to them.
Friends of Dan Williams received
word from him that he was in Go. H
Sc0th Inf Regiment. Camp Lee. Va.
Mrs. VIM. Terrell and daughter Mrs.
Belts were Abba callers Tuesday.
Columbus Scott Of Lamont Is preach
Ing the last OF this week at the II. -. ..
church.
Ed Ryan spent the last Of the week
In Des Moines and will probably move
his family there In the near future.
Born, to Mr.. and Mrs. Sam Jameson
Monday, a son.
Robert Ferguson Of Des Moines, one
Of Hiteman's soldier boys, was shaking
hands with old friends here Tuesday
Charlotte Hungate closed her chau-
tauqua dates in Texas September 10
and was enroute to Lawrence to re-
sumo her school work at Kansas uni
versity when she was called to Des
Moines by the Midland Lyceum bureau
and sent to Chicago to be coached by
Adrien Newens for a two girl musical
dramatic art combination with Kath-
ryn Patton. If her health is equal to 1t
she will have continuous booking from
October 1 to March 10 covering Neb-
raska, Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois and
Colorado.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05

sized crowd present and his address
was especially pleasing in that 1t dealt
with present day problems in the
schools.
On the program for the two days
session of this institute are the follow
ing we'll known people.
Supt NJ. G. Clark of Sioux City; DR..
George Belts of Mt. Vernon; j. Adam
Puffer, Hudson, Mass. President Liv.
ingston c. Lord of Charleston, Ill. !:
Prof. Wilbur E. Bender of st. Paul
Mimi; and Supt Arthur w. Crane of
Fairfield. The Musical numbers will
be in charge of Prof. G. w. Mountain
Of Parsons college.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
LOST THREE FINGERS.

MonteZuma, Oct. 4.-Grant Johnson
of Shutdown, west Of Montezuuia. met
with an accident last Monday which
cost him three fingers on his left
hand. He was at the sorghum mill
trying to adjust the new cane crusher
and was working on the belt. and in
some manner his hand was caught and
drawn into the cogs>
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
BURLINGTON ROUTE c. .. 4 8

Ne. 0eins East Depart
12A-Chic., Dubq. Quincy. 100 a. N.
22A-Ar. from Des Moinss 1o:0S p. m.
sA-Chicago Limited -. 1883 p. m.
.12B-Ft. Mad. st. Louis. S:35 p. m.
4A-Chic., st. Louis. Qcy. 7:15 p m.
.2A-Chic., Peoria. R'kfd. 1918 p. NJ
l7sB-Ottumwa. Burlington 1885 q. m.
1SB-Otta to Burlington. $50 a. m.
l0A-Atlantic Coast Linn. 7:Is a. m.
Going West
6A-Omaha and Nebraska. 1919 a. m.
SA-Omaha. Ore, Calif... 7:S7a m.
lA-Denver Express -. 1871 a. M
23A-Des Moines local -. 500 a. m.
sl8B-Ar. from FIT. Madison 1880 q. m.
17eB-Peoria to Creston -. 1:55 D. m.
i1B-Ar. from Burlington. $50 .. m.
eA-Chicago to Denver =. Asa p. m.
A-Daily.
B-Except Sunday.
]. H. Robinson. Agent
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
Still Has His Marbles

Look mother" said Bobbe, exhibiting handful Of
marbles. Il won all those from Willie Smith,
why, Bobbier' exclaimed his mother Don't you
know it's wicked to play marbles for keeps? Go right
over to his house and give back every one"
EYES, mother" said the boy obediently "And shall I
take that you at Mrs Jones whist party, and
give it back to herr"
Courier classified ads 1c per word each insertion
Phone A, mail or bring your ads to this office
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
RoBeER STEALS FRUIT.

Shambaugh, Oct. 1.-Two hundred
quarts of fruit and two-thirds Of sack
of -four were stolen from the country
home of Jerry M. Stambaugh. They
have no clue to the robber and will
probably never find out where their
winter supply Of fruit has gone.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
PARIS BOYS TO LEAVE.

Paris, Mo-, Oct. 4-Fifty-six more
Monroe county men will leave Paris
Friday morning over the Katy" for
Camp Funston to become part of the
national army. This will make a to-
tai of 11S from this county. 81
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
ROCK ISLAND RAILWAY.

No. Going North Dspar,
471B-Des Moines. Omaha. 6:15 p. N
477B-From keokuk $3.50 p. m
47sB-Des Moines- sast and
west. ~: 80 q. m
475B-Des Mcines. east, west
ana north elsa. m
ooinn South
l7oB-E1don and K C $3.50. lisa a. m
472B-Keokuk and south $50 p. M
474B-Eldon and e c.. 1850 p. m
@7sB-Ottumwa. kaokuk $50 .. m
A-Daily.
Except Sunday.
J. Fl. Robinson, Agent
All trains stop at freight house. at
foot of Union street.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
GRAND JURORS.

Grand Jurors: I. S. Bailey, Grnnell !;
NJ. w. Beans. Pulaski; Charles Bond,
Charlton; NJ. J. Burk, Keokuk; Henry
c. Chubb, Burlington: !. H. Creath,
Cantril; G.. H. Denning, Douds-Leando:
w. F. Doud, Douds-Leando; John J.
Ethel, Bloomfield; j. F. Fitzpatrick,
Abba: Charles w. Funk, KeosahQua;
H. w. Harlan, Sigourney; S. F. Henry
Bonaparte; Seth Kilbourn, Allerton;
G. A. Lasley, Selma; ODE Mcclure;
Bloomfield; John H. Moore. Corydon;
%. T. Morrow, Douds-Leando; Samuel
Nelson, ST., Grinnell; e. William Me.
haus, Burlington; T.. B. O'Bryan, Lo-
villa: John Pilot, Keossuqua; ]. F.
Porter, Martinsburg; George E. Rad
asch, Keokuk; H. g. Richardson. Sig
Quincy; Leo Shotte, Charlton: Ralph
Sherman, Grinnell; r. Smith, Des
Moines; George II. Spahr. Mt. Pleas
ant; w. B. Strait, Keosauqua
PETIT JURORS.
Petit Jurors: William Alley, Grin
nell; Ed Altheide, Bloomfield; VIII
liam Beatty, KeosauQua; ]. l.
Bequeath, Dou6s-Leando; H. G. Boyer.
Abba; william Briles, Charlton; A. H.
Bruick, Sigourney; William Garden.
Winfield; Charles Clark, Lovilia; Dav-
i'd Clever, Abba; Cell Collier, Osceola;
L. e. Copeland. Batavia; George Cox.
Allerton; Frank Cramlet, Selma, r. r.
D. No. /; W. L. Currough, Grinnell:
CIV. Deburn, F1oris; w. F. Doolcy,
Des Monies; w. c. Dunlavy, Pulaski:
]. s. Edwards, Lovilia; w. P. Eland.
Milton; John Engelhart, Keokuk; G.
e. Foster, Charlton; Elon Graves,
Osceola; Morris Haley, Mt. Pleasant;
Charles Halter. Abba, rural route; Ed
ward L. Harris, Burlington; J. M.
Johnson, Stockport; John Kirby.
Bloomfield; Joseph E. Lundgren, Keo-
kuk; Isaac Mason, Belknap; w. G. Nc
Curdy, Oskaloosa; L. NJ Meek, Wash
ington: D. S. Morrison, Grinnell; Ed.
A. Noble, Abba; A. A. Mutt. Selma,
r. F. D. No. 1; John A. Owens. Bloom
field; F. w. Peebler, Fairfield, r. F. D.
No Z; Charles Prizer, Abba; A. L.
Ransom, Moulton; Peter Ruark. Osce-
ola; E. B. Sanford, DoudsLeando; w.
H. Saunderson, Keosauqua; NJ. L.
Shellman, Stockport; ]. w. Smith,
Richland; T. e. Syfert. Birmingham;
T. w. Thompson. Abba. B. R. Van
Dyke, Charlton; w. w. Williams, Oska-
loosa; NJ. P. Wolford, Keosauqua.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
WABASH RAILWAY

No. Going South ,Oepar,
2A-Moberly, st: L.. X. c.. 1850 a. m
50B-Moberly and east 80. 2:40 p. m
7oB-Local freight ........ $50 a. m
Coming North
s1B-Moberly local ........ II: so a. IN
3A--From Kansas City -. 7:10 p. m
11B-Local freight ........ l1:45 a. m
A Daily
SOB and 51B. daily except Sunday
70B and lib. daily except Monday
Z. n. Jacobs. Agent
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
CHOOSE JURY
FOR US. COURT
EIGHTY NAMES ARE DRAWN BY
CLERK AND COMMISSIONER
AND APPROVED.

Eighty jurors, to serve during the
session Of federal court have been
drawn by the clerk and jury commits
sioner here and approved by the Ues
Moines office.
couRT.oPENs TUESDAY, OCT. 1s.
Thirty are for grand jury service
and fifty will serve as petit jurors. The
list follows:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-05
GUENTHER IS
IN TRAINING
oTTUMWA BOY WRITES ABOUT
INSTRUCTION HE GETS ON
GAS MASKS.

A letter to Sabula friend from l..
NJ. Guenther Of Ottumwa. now station
ed in France with Co. d 18th Engineers
(railway) gives an interesting explana-
ton Of the gas masks and the different
gases and the effect they have upon
those who encounter them: The letter
follows:
Corpus Christi caller and daily herald. [volume] (Corpus Christi, Tex.) 1911-1917, 1917-04-22

c.i't assuciatcd with the ass'sa = 4
clr wore carefully eliminated, ans y
pictures ihuJ printed The mei& 7
II"N Sent exclusively 20 auiPAe
ieticIs and they were invited y ~
mnt of tine 80 carr as tnef ~
llc u't~ varied as concerned can !
dIuUud mr. hut the cadillac y
lt- correctly named by 99.S PEE g, /.
a tHusr vino replied We iea
inH unusually hish percenises = 4
urIN 3D. tribute of distinction 70 ~ !.
fHu.f huf Indicates mat ihr ~"
H,3irr is familiar with Hll chfs'-s'
rHmncttOr liue as wei as hn y
ID letter from the Weekly = 4
Cadillac Motor Car COMPANY
Corpus Christi caller and daily herald. [volume] (Corpus Christi, Tex.) 1911-1917, 1917-04-22
SPECIAL NOTICE

The Caller has a linitso WI
of the Special Rotary EdisisA
sued Tuesday morning, that -
obtained a. live cents the eef1'
appiy ng at the office.
The edition is a boost scr ess
Christi and doubtless viii y
reans Of attracting many ssr
vaeationists 70 this city. =,
Sm thousand seven hNns
copies we're printed ard issi
two hundred copies are ~
sold -
The postage for the sd''-'
Two cents the paper. ~-<z
Corpus Christi caller and daily herald. [volume] (Corpus Christi, Tex.) 1911-1917, 1917-04-22

prs,sn low price Of ,hs MAXWELL has been he sender
81 the automobile indutty
bn~e The amazing thing arvsn before TIE ea OF Tho beat
Automobe materials began b. leaps and lu4ad hos
ths maxwell ~ bsilt q sell for 90 lttlr hai
OF the
factory of aud hipe-y,
the result of Of and development
and quantity production AZ the rate Of
100000 yearly
Corpus Christi caller and daily herald. [volume] (Corpus Christi, Tex.) 1911-1917, 1917-04-22
Act Now if You Want This
Automobile at the Preser

Quick will the price of your M"Hwe-ui May LIST
and Maxwell have
maintanM axwelq quality.
is the Fixed
the
possible 70 hangef 70 the better
Corpus Christi caller and daily herald. [volume] (Corpus Christi, Tex.) 1911-1917, 1917-04-22
Act Now II You Want A Maxwell

We offer at this amazingly low pree-s63s-
a which IS q marvel ot endurance and economy.
Bear IN mind that April allotment Of Maxwell. y
nearly aid sold
And he price only April allotment only is III, old
price, sos,
On May lst We cannot sell a Maxwell for
cent under $665
The difference will go a long way toward pay.
ing for your summers vacation i'm Maxwell
Come in quick and get any form of demon
Stration you want.
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1917-04-22

but almost miraculously rescued and in 612,
King Josiah had been slain by Necho. Ne
buchadnezzar attacked and took the great
City of Jerusalem in the eleventh year of
King Zedekiah (589-590 B. CO., as related
in the Book Of Kings and referred to fire.
quently by the Prophet jeremiah in his
speeches The whole city was then burned
and its treasures carried away, with the
chiefs of the army, the priests and all but
the poorest inhabitants.
According to the Prophet jeremiah, the
exile was to last seventy years, and this Is
reckoned from the accession Of Nebuchad-
nezzar to the first year of Cyrus 1888 B. c.,
or from the actual destruction of the Tenn
pie to the dedication Of the second Temple,
rebuilt under the leadership of Ezra and
: Nehemiah. The reconstructed Kingdom of
Judah fourished more or less independently
until the Romans, in their struggle for
world-conquest, took Jerusalem by siege, in,
the year 70 A. D. Persia, Syria, Rome it.
self, had dominated Palestine, and when
Herod the Great died, Judea revolted against
Rome, which had been exercising kind of
protectorate, appointing kings and govern
ors. Under Agrippa l., Jerusalem had
reached the climax of its prosperity al
A. d. and this monarch had erected new
wall to the north to defend the new suburbs,
but the Roman Emperor, Claudius, ordered
the building of the wall stopped In his
time the city must have covered about 300
acres and had some 10000 inhabitants. In
40 A. D., under Vcntidius Cumanus, Roman
soldiers insulted the Temple at the Feast of
Passover and a riot followed, turning the
feasting into mourning In So, Felix be-
came Governor, and the Jewish discomfort
increased, especially when Nero became EN-
peror two years later.
The last Roman prnouro xuoo nacs:,,.
Florus. The Jews rebelled under his bar
barities and Vespasian began march of
conquest starting in Galilee and driving
south and west. On July /, SO, Vespasian
became Roman Emperor, and his son, Titus,
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1917-04-22

leadership of Atsiz, who pillaged it Of its
most valuable treasures. Here really was
the basis of the Crusades, which were to
come with the next generation. It was the
oppression of the resident Christians and pill
grims in Jerusalem by the Turks which led
up to the first Crusade. It was in 1899 that
the Christians appeared before the walls of
Jerusalem, the Seljuk princes and generals
being engaged in fighting among themselves.
1t was not merely that the Turks had out
ragged humanity by persecuting pilgrims and
resident Christians, but they had endangered
the trade of Italy, which had prospered
greatly under the Egyptian Moslems. and
the merchant class had as great an interest
in the pacifcation of the East as the neutral
nations Of our day have in the stoppage Of
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1917-04-22

took the leadership Of the army. He had
an army of about 10000 men, a third of
whom were his allies and two-thirds Roman
soldiers. There were not more than 10000
fighting men in Jerusalem. But this might
have been sufficient had it not been for di-
visions among themselves. There were
three parties among the Jews and, lacking
unity of action, they fell an easy prey to
the invaders. The siege lasted some 1874
days, ending in August, after each one of
the three walls had been more or less stub
bornly defended All devices of towers and
catapults were used by the Romans, and
famine had more to do with the final fall
of the city than actual assault. When the
Temple was at last captured and set afre,
the lower city was at the mercy of the
Romans, but the upper city still held out
1t was only on the ninth of Av. (the Hebrew
month) that the city was finally taken, with
many captives forced to fight wild beasts
at Caesarea. 49,
Much of the spoils Of the Temple was
taken to Rome, and on the famous Arch of
Titus are sculptures of the great golden
candlestick and other vessels connected with
the worship Of the Temple.
1t was less than four years after the death
of Mohmmed (632), when Omar, after LAYING
siege to Jerusalem for more than four
months, finally conquered it, 637 A. D. Omar
visited the Sakrah, and finding that the
Christians had neglected it, purified and
cleared the great stone and built a shrine
hard by the rock. For more than four CEN
turtles Jerusalem was at peace and the Mos
lens had made it great centre of pilgrim
age, ranking only after Mecca and Medinah
But in 1077 Jerusalem was besieged and
captured by the Seljuk Turks, under the
I 1917. by the star Company Great BrifAin Rishta