Arizona republican., 1917-12-16
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 READY FUR ANY
 BADEMERCENCY

Most any car makes a good ap- pearance when it Is new" says M. r. Wollering, vice president in charge of production of the Studebaker corpo- ration, "and to the uninitiated it might seem capable of giving a long and faithful service. But it is in the est of actual performance than an automobile. proves up.
 'Studebaker engineers always pro- vide for the unforeseen emergency. Our designing and metallographic di- visions working together make every one of the thousands of parts which 90 into a Studebaker car several times stronger than will ever be nec- essaCy to meet the demands of aver age service.
 Our engineers measure strains and stresses to the very ounce. They know exactly how many pounds of pressure are carried by each bearing They know how much bending strain Ia placed on the chassis frame at 60 miles an hour on a rough road with zeNen passengers. They know to the fractional part of an ounce the turn ing or twisting strain that is put on a rear axle by a fifty horse power six-cylinder motor on a 15 per cent grade at from to so miles per hour.
 "Studebaker metallurgists specify the kind of steel which at the lowest possible weight will meet all the ! strains and stresses of actual service. i Tho great steel mills are asked to furnish the kind of steel that will ! meet Studebaker requirements-and they are asked to manufacture this steel with a certain amount of alloy 10 give it the necessary quality de- manded.
 But our engineering department is not satisfied with the raw material which 1t receives from the steel mills. It develops the grain of steel by it's own various heat-treating and forg- ing processes.
 Tn the metsllogrsphic division niece of steel is cut off and furnished and then photographed from one hun- dred to one thousand times larger than actual size. The satin smooth structure of the steel is made to stand out like the grain in a piece of cake, the strength and character of the steel being known to the expert by tho character of the grain.
 Next comes the division which studies steel by chemical analysis Here chemists dissolve pieces of steel in acid solvents and determine ex- actly the proportion of their different alloys. The quantities of nickel, chromium, vanadium and carbon are sll determined with the exactness of science,
 There are two things which de- ernine the properties of steel: first, the alloys which enter into its make ID; and second, the heat treating or tempering process through which it must pass to fit it for it's finished work. These forgings and heat treat Ing processes are developed in the n7etallographic and chemical analysis divisions of the engineering laborato- ries. but the work itself is actually ione according to laboratory specifi- cations in the Studebaker factory ur- der the hands of expert steel workers.
 "In the physical test division the actual strength of steel is tested Giant machines are used to break and pull apart pieces of steel and the force necessary to bend or break the steel is measured to a pound. Finally 1t Is not enough that every piece oi material is tested and tested agai1 and again. After 1t is placed in tho car. the finished car is tested by ac- tusl rode service in the experimenta car test division.
 Not only do the Studebaker ex- per1mental laboratories test and checl raw material and finished parts, bu they also do most exhaustive snt complete research work"