Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-12-23
S|MPL|F|EO LESSONS IN
PROPER CARE Of AUTOS
Condensation of Gasoline Vap,r ON
1"id Manifold Causes Startin.
Trouble In Cold Weather.
HEAT AND RICH MINTrEE
i1mes-pi>patch ~:.Nrcrt Says These
Are Chief iactms in Sr,u,iu-
Ens! Startin. 81 Enainc-Tcm,rr-
ature of CMhurctur Difficult.
LESSON No. ~
'c'nHrs"'sd 49, by ~I'r.d.r!,h
cucnE,k

tCorHr.ghi:d 1875 ly I'Y.G,r:.h t
GucnnIkD
When 'hc weather is warm ;ac au,c.
mobile c'!Eine w:ii Invariably sta, very
carly al.d rEn a.mos, perfectly in
ii'd'aieIN. :nd rcqvircs NIUE care othcf
man aiionNon't o hav.HrNtuo O.. res,
N"i;s and radiator always prun,-ly ~.
cd. and once in "a WIFI. havinr lie
valves ground and arb removed IL
the winter t!rnc. Unfortunately. l.: VA
often take some tim" u STAR; tho en-.
Gihe. and Sp"";a! are Is required for
some Of tn" accessories and parts.
Let us see why the engine is hard to
start i'll cola weather.
You. n" doubt, know tha; water mus;
ne orou@h' :" a certain temperature
f"ia degrees t'ahrenheitl before Il; will
boil. OF. what is the same thing. change
from a LIQUID t" steam. which is "a va
por OF water. Also that il tho steam
strikes a cold surface that Il; will con-
dense and again form water. You can
demonstrate this by simply holding a
cola plate over n kettle OF boiling
water. When the plate is removed Won
viii find il covered with drops of water.
showing that the steam OF tho boiling
water has condensed.
What is rue Of water is also ,ruc OF
gasoline. only the gasoline Will vapor-
tZe It Il mucE lower Temperatures. about
60 TO 30 degrees. d~cpendin: uron tho
grade, and will only condcnsc on sur
faces as cold rs this.
1t is this property OF vaperi2in: a.
$" low a temperature Cor. as c~urirccr-
tEiS iow-bOllinS pointl. which
makes il possible to use the gasoline
as a fuc! in the gas engine. as tho
fuel must enter the cylinders. either
as Il gas or fine mist. | might add that
the liquid will change TO y gas at y
stu! lower temperatures when in a
vacuum. so that the vacuum in the
and ~carhurcior. due 10 tho
snct!on stroke OF the engine. helps the
gasoline evaporate, Were /, no, for
this vacuum it is doubtful shat the
engine could bc started Il tall on cold
days.
Now. ~ :hc winter lime the TN
pcrature is much lower than 30 de-
grceS. and SO while the gasoline VIII
spray out Of tho" nozzle Of the carbu-
rotor. and vaporize. due to the vacuuln
much Of it will condense the momca
il strikes the cold manifold and SO run
into the carburctor. from which
II will drip out. Thus the mixture
which reaches tho cylinder will b"
nearly all air and so weak in gasoline
as not to ignite.
What can he done then TO start the
engine in cold weather, and TO keen
II going
Two things must be done. For start
the mi%ture must be made 50 rich
in gas that while much will condcnsa
on the way 10 cylinders. enough will
reach them TO give an explosive mix.
turc. and TO keep the engine going.
the mixture as il caves the ear
burctor i correct. heat must be added.
The mixture ia made rich for start
in a Number Of ways. Some Gar.
have Dn attachment by which
opening OF the noZzles can b- in
from the dash. while all either
have Il device for choking of the air
'what is NOW aS a choke valvsi OF
flooding the cnrburetor by hold.
down rhc float.
Generally using these prining Ic-
vices Will oc all that is necessary to
start tho engine, but i'll extreme cold
IL Will often he necessary To
prime the engine by pouring Il little
gasoline into the cylinders through
the compression COCKS or spark-pluc
holes. Warming tho sasoline used for
this purpose by placing the can in
which il is in in boiling water for u
while will help when it is found that
even by priiring in this way ;he en-
CINE does not start. Spinn:ie the crank
iandlc vigorously will also help.
Unfortunately. there is at present no
satisfactory way 10 supply heat when
the engine. but. once tho en-
GIN. mas started, the air which passes
through The carburctor can he heated
~ placing a device called Il stove over
he exhaust pipe. so as to make III.
iir irSt pass over This hot pipe. From
HE stove a flexible nose is run to The
iir intake of th. carburetOr. At the
OF this hose q shutter. as shown
II y, Zig. ! i generally placed. u
old weather this shutter should be-
,l"S"d. while il should be open in hot
Most people do not know the
urpoSc Of this shutter and run their
with il open in winter. The en-
siHc will run better and start easier
{ il is kept closed.
The manifold and carhuTetor are
'Tten heated by hot-watcr jacketing
hem. using the hot water from the
.op Of the engine water Jackets for his
Many ears nave n valve
'laccn III the piping OF this water. sd a.
o be able to prevent the circulation
II the water through the Jacket in
summer This valve is generally found
ic:r tho water pump. Il would be
we'll Tor owners TO be sure that this
"A I've IL omen IN N'intpr I-Gnnl1>- IL sc !