Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-08-31
Commodity.

| United States, on which they were ac-
customed to rely before the war. The
Russian supply cannot be got out.
Bulgarian and Roumanian supplies are
in the hands of the central empires
The voyage from Australia and India
is three times as long and therefore
requires three times as many tons or
shipping as is required from North At
lantic ports. 1t is also twice as dan
gerous because of the longer exposure
to submarine attack. There has been
q large failure in the South American
countries and the new harvest from
that quarter will not be available in
Europe until next spring. AS already
said, all the allied countries are and
have been for some time vigorously adj
ministering and ecOnomizing their
food. In Belgium, the relief commits
sion has been compelled to reduce the
consumption of cereals by nearly 90
per cent; this brings the food. supply
so low that the population are in
capable of labor.
From the above tables 1t will be
seen that on normal bases of consump-
ton the total allied wheat import re-
quirements are 577,000,000 bushels
against a North American surplus OF
| 2OSO00000 bushels-and from our
United States supplies we must re-
serve a certain amount for neutrals
| from which we receive vital supplies
and also an amount to protect our
| stocks better next year than this last.
| There is therefore on normal con-
| sumption q deficit of over 40O,0O00OO
| bushels. In the other cereals used in
Europe mostly for animal feed, the
| import necessities of the allies on nor
NAL consumption basis are about Ga
| 100000 against a North American sur
plus of 950,O000O0. But again a re-
serve for neutrals and increased car
nv over" will absorb all the margin.
| In any event it means we must multi
ply our exports of these cereals ~.
times. However, upon the basis OF our
present crop prospects we should be
able to supply their requirements in
cereals other than wheat.
Wheat Situation Difficult.
The situation in wheat is one of
great difficulty and concern, and must
be met by an elimination of waste and
| reduction of consumption on the part
of the allied peoples and ourselves, in
one word, by an effective administra-
ton Of the available supply.
The allies are unable to use other
cereals alone for bread. They can
use them only as added to wheat -four
| to make the war bread now in uni
versal use in European countries. Ex-
cept In Italy, whose people normally
consume much corn, our allies have
few corn mills and cornmeal is not
| durable commodity and therefore can
not be shipped in great quantities.
Moreover, for generations they have
| bought bread from the bakeries; they
have no equipment nor do they know
how to bake in the household. Every
American knows that ii is infeasible
| to distribute corn bread from bakeries,
| and 1t is therefore necessary for us
| w lulIISll Jul dlIlSo WIN
wheat to enable them to have wheat
| basis for the loaf. However they can
use and must use other cereals for
mixture in their war bread, and by
this substitution and by savings on
their part a great deal can be accom-
plished. On the other hand, deficit
of 400000,000 bushels can be at least
partially overcome If we can increase
our exports from S9,000,000 to 220,-
100000 or nearly triple. This can be
accomplished II we will substitute one
pound of other cereals for one pound
Of wheat flour weekly per person that
is, If we reduce our consumption Of
wheat -four from FIVE pounds per week
to four pounds per week per person
It will be no privation to us and will
reduce the privation Of our allies.
Food Animals.
Owing to the ascending standard Of
living, the world was already strained
to supply enough animal products to
meet the demand before the war be-
gan The war has injected into an al
| ready dlfncult SITUATION NUMBER OF
vicious conditions which are jeopardiz-
ing the ultimate animal products sup
ply of the world. The production Of
fodder In Europe has been diminished
by the diversion of productive labor to
war, and its import has been curtailed
by shortage in shipping and by the
isolation of markets by belligerent
lines. From these causes not only are
the actual numbers of animals de-
creasing in Europe, but the average
weight and the annual output Of dairy
products per animal, are decreasing.
A careful estimate Of the worlds
food animal position shows the follow
ing position:
Decrease
Increase or In other
decrease Decrease countries
United western including Total net
States allies enemies decrease
Cattle 100000 $4,000 26750,O0O %, 0SO, 900
Sheep 100000 175OO,O0O 100000 $500, 900
Hogs 6275,OOO 100000 31,6OO,COO S2,425, 900
100000 s2S5O,OO 115, OO5, 900
The problem facing the American