, 1917-08-02

less favorable imam IL ulu SithSi oAS
year g or two years ago.
She has to her credit in the last
twelvemonth the crushing of il-pre-
pared Roumania and the conquest OF
two-thirds of hat nations territory.
But in the principal theater of war,
the west, east and Italian fronts, the
entente allies have shown, on the
whole, q decided superiority to the
central powers.
In the materials of war the nations
fighting for democracy clearly have an
increasing advantage over the kaiser's
legions. They have dealt the enemy
blow after blow which have told heav-
lily in lives, If not in territory.
Germany More Desperate.
Germany's plight is rendered more
desperate than it was on August 1,
1916, by the accession of the United
States and several minor peoples to
the ranks of her enemies. Almost he
whole world is now lined up against
that nation.
Every belligerent breads another
winter of war, but Germany most of
all. She lacks many things to face the
rigors of a cold campaign-not only
shells and guns, but wool for warm
clothing and sufficient coal to run her
rapidly d~eteriorating railroads and
her factories and keep those at home
comfortably warm, not to speak of the
famine in the food fats so necessary
to those facing zero weather.
Looking back on the long truce of
the spring on the eastern front, 1t is
hard to realize hat the Russians just
n year ago were in the midst of a
splendid offensive much like that
which has surprised the world in the
present month. In the 1916 drive Brus-
silof pushed far within Bukowina and
Galicia and crossed the borders of
Hungary. He took about 10000 pris-
oners, mostly Austrians, and forced the
enemy to concentrate masses of relia-
BILE German troops, aided by a few
Turks, to check him.
The real reason his drive came to a
halt, however, we know now was lack
of ammunition, failure Of transport,
treason within the cars armies and
wretched bureaucratic ineflciency.
Thes handicaps seem to have been re-
moved from the courageous Musco-
vites, perhaps for all time.
Unfortunate Roumania.
Roumania declared war on the leu
tonic powers August 81 and immedi-
ately invaded Pennsylvania, where the
weak Austrian guards were easily
pushed back and the important cities
of Hermannstadt and Kronstadt were
soon in the invaders hands.
The kaiser sent Won ~Falkenhayn, a
splendid strategist just displaced by
o H~indenburg, Is chief of the great
general staff, to command on this
front, while Won Mackensen headed
the Germans, Bulgarians and Turks,
who threw themselves on Roumania
from the south.
hi Roumanians proved no match
for the combination of foes. Skillful
work by German spies, or the treach-
cry of certain members of their own
army, put the Roumanians' plans of
campaign in the Teutons' hands, 1t is
now divulged. Bucharest fell Decem-
Der 6, n ten days later all walachia
was lost. On December IS Russian
bAoOPS " v NiS "IlO IAOuIldIlHn
front, and a few weeks later the Teu-
ton advance was checked along the
line of the Sereth and Danube rivers.
Somme Battle Continues.
In h west, however, Germany was
facing a far different problem from
the poorly QUILTED and trained Rou-
manian peasants. When the third year
Of the war opened the battle of the
Somme was still going on vigorously,
with h French and British showing a
constantly growing superiority over the
foe. Bit by bit through the summer
and autumn the ground was wrenched
from the kaiser's men until the coming
of winter smothered the offensive 'in
mud and blood" and, according to the
British commander, Sir Douglas HaIg,
saved his opponents from an immedi-
ate great enforced retirement.
On September % 1t was announced
that the French and British had taken
$500 prisoners In the Somme battle
between July 1 and September IS. This
total was later considerably increased.
French Win at Verdun.
At Verdun, too, the Germans suf-
fered. The French in battles of the
fall and winter won back most of the
ground lost in the offensive of the
spring of 1915 and captured more than
$4,000 prisoners, with slight losses
themselves.
The spring campaign in the west
opened this war with the Germans
falling back from the great salient
spearpolnt directed at Paris-confess-
ing thereby either their weakness or
their aversion to a further offensive, al
though at the time German writer's