davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

AEe 30 freshen during the winter
wsOnths,-cor silage makes an excel
liant substitute for pasture grass and
In s0mmer it should oftentimes be a
suppiement to pasture grass In fact
It is impracticable and, unprofita Bile to
attempt to run dairy farm in the
corn belt without corn silage. A
ration made up of 20 to 80 pounds Of
corn Slage, all the alfalfa or clover
hay they desire and grain mixture
OF three parts ground oats, two parts
bean and one part oil meal. will prove
very satisfactory. The amount of
grain per day should be governed by
the individual animal A small guam
tity of corn may be given to animals
thin in flesh, but they should not be
crowded but rather fleshed up slowly.
Too large quantity Of corn is likely
70 have a bad effect on the system.
Timothy hay and cottonseed meal are
very undesirable as they are rather
eonstipating, while laxative feeds are
needed at this time. It is we'll to
reduce the ration slightly just prior
to calving, as by SO doing the dan
ger of milk fever and after-calving
troubles are decreased to some ex-
tent. It. is best to put the COW in
clean, disinfected, welI-bedded box
stall few days prior to calving. If
her bowels are not moving freely, a
dose Of three-quarters to one pound
Of Epson salts or one quart of raw
liaseed oil will prove very beneficial.
a grain ration of two parts bran and
ene part oil meal is very good at this
time.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
HEN MANURE.

By mixing from SO to 60 pounds OF
the ground rock with each barrel of
hen manure, and adding 40 or SO
pounds OF kainite as a source Of po-
fash, it makes one of the best and
most highly concentrated manurez
available for the lawn. garden and
fruit-orchard. In addition to its man.
urial value, it possesses the further
advantage OF being free from weed
seeds. AS fertilizer for corn this
mixture is uneNcelled. and excellent
results have been obtained by using o
small amount in the hill covering 1t
with dirt before planting the corn.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

e Is usually BEST to select the breed
~ dock of sheep in the fall. for 1t i!
q this time that u large number o.
sheep so onto the market and the
breeding season is open. The sheep
market this fall, however, is rather
abnormal Prices are high and have
been for, many months. SO that large
numbers of ewes that might have
been saved for breeding have been
sold for the mutton market.
The demand at the present time
for breeding ewes is enormous. Many
are paying exorbitant prices and
everyone is finding it difficult to get
as many good breeding ewes as he
might be able to use AS the late
fall approaches We may expect that
there will be an absolute scarcity Of
breeding stock on the market, so that
the farmer who wishes to get few
breeding ewes should be looking for
them now. When possible, select the
ewes and lambs that are in thrifty
condition, but not too fat Fat sheep
oden fail to breed successfully. Dur
ing the breeding season, afford the
flock a good, succulent pasture. This
will encourage them to breed readily.
One good, vigorous. mature ram
should be capable OF breeding forty
or fifty ewes in one season.
The period of CESSATION for the eve
is ,about twenty-one weeks, few days
less than five months. 1t is the most
common practice to let the ram run
with the ewes during the entire breed =
ing season. The breeding season
should be closed and the rams re-
moved from the flock some time in
November, as lambs born later than
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
PREPARING COWS FOR THE WINTER DAIRY

Tho manner in which cows are fed
and managed during the six to eight
weeks period prior to calving has
much to do with their years produc-
ton, according to H. H. Kildee, Chair
man Dairy Husbandry Division, Uni
versity Farm. St Paul Improper feed
ing or failure to give proper rest be-
tween lactation periods results in a
decreased production for the lactation
period.
It is good plan to have small
pasture so that cows due to freshen
IN the summer or fall may have an
abundance of grass and not be
moiested by other cows In addition
to this few pounds of ground oats,
which is one Of the best feeds for
pregnant cows, and in some cases a
small quantity of cracked corn and
bran will be SUFFICIENT. For cows that
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
PRACTICAL WINTER AND FALL SHEEP MANAGEMENT
Givento Makes

equivalent of one mile Of exercise
ing, start them on a good grain ra-
ton and slightly increase the allow
ance to one or two pounds per eve
per day by the time her lamb is two
or three days old.
This should be continued while the
lamb is nursing until the ewes are
turned onto the pasture. The extra
growth Of the lambs will pay well for
the grain Lambs eat grain as soon
as they are ten days Tor two weeks
old, and il they receive as much grain
and good pasture as they care for,
they can be forced to market hnsh
BY the time they are three or four
months of age. good grain mixture
for both ewes and lambs would be
corn chop Cor a grain sorghum, oats
and bran. equal parts by measure.
wean the lambs when they are
about four months old. When wean-
ing the lambs, watch the udders OF
the ewes for week or so and mix
out some IL they feel very full. This
NAV prevent the udder from spelling.
and IL the udder spoils, the eve is
practically worthless as a lamb pro-
Queer. IL ewes can be induced to
breed in May or June. their lambs
may be fitted for the fancy lamb trade
for Christmas and New Years
Prices for the young, fat lamb at
auy time are very attractive, and the
mild winters of Oklahoma afford
splendid opportunities for the pro
duction of winter lambs. - D. A.
Snencer. Department Of Animal Hns-
bandry, Oklahoma Agricultural Col
lege
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

TT is absolutely safe to make the
statement that in cities whore milk
during the last two years has been
retailing in bottles for cents per
quart, the price has not paid for tho
| cost of producing and distributing
milk. The wonder is that the price
has been kept at this low figure for
so long. Even with an increase In
milk to 10 cents per quart, which may
seem high in particular locality, it
should be remembered that in some
sections milk is selling at an even
higher price and that it is still one Of
the cheapest animal food products
available.
I'm certain sections of Pennsyl-
vania and other states. Thousands Of
dairy cows have, during the last two
or three months, been sold away from
the farms Many have gone to the
butcher. II there were a profit in
producing milk, this would not hap
pen.
Dairy cows are being sold for sew
eral reasons:
"G The price of milk has not in
creased with the very rapid Increase
in price Of feed. labor and cattle.
These three items represent eighty
per cent to eighty-five per cent Of the
total cost of producing milk.
CD The increase in the price of
beef. mutton, poultry and eggs. has
responded much more rapidly TO the
increased cost Of feed and labor.
Meat is very high and therefore the
dairy farmers under tho present high
prices of feed and scarcity Of labor
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

right condfrson with proper under
drains.
Some farmers seem to think that
wet land Is better for grass than we'll
drained land: but ouch is not the case,
except for certain via grasses OF poor
feeding value. Blue grass. red-top,
orchard grass, timothy and all Of the
best pasture grasses require we'll
drained land for their best growth
In many cases comparatively rolling
and we'll drained soils are too sour for
grasses to grow to advantage. Apply
ing from half ton to several tons Of
lime according to the acidity of the
sony to the acre Of such SOILS will
sweeten them 80 that they wifi pro-
duce excellent growth of the best
raEA
The trou1le-wikh the average pasture
u that It is erased from year to year
without any attention to fertilization
It is true that tho animals return
some OF the fertility to the pasture
field through their dropplngs. but 1t Is
also true that much Of the fertility In
the manure of the anfmAls,N especially
IN winter when they are sheltered, h
deposited in the stable and removed
10 other fields to feed other crops.
In this way the pastuRe-lands become
gradually impoverished Of Its store of
plant-food.
To produce profitable growth OF
grass in the permanent pasture, the
soil must be regularly and heavily
fertilized with substances that win
make grass grow. Dressing with
stable manure, bone meal. ground
phosphate rock and potash are all
good. It will not be neceEAry to
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

weather. bo.1Dd sparingly
in Tho meEning &1d heavily in the
evening.
Bran. nu1in94 NnnBed meal, cut
bone and be4 swp wa conGe5Rnts
the mash. I'M can b. mfxsd IN lHrye
quantities and fed either by the dry
man method a Keeping II In hoppers
before the birds at all times. or ~
a wet mash, moistened With Hrilk a.
fed at tho middle Of tn day.
During the coolest viuter days, -
also in starting the binds, the lns9
stimulating Fesnlts viii be obtained
IL the wet mash u ted warm. MIX
should be before tho birds 1T all
times. II milk {skinuned or bst3er-
milk h not available, tho cut bono
and beef scr1p4nnst be 4ncTeaaed.
Green feed b essuE3al 6pRouted
oats give bsst 5csnlh. but . waxm
room or ccllr In which to gfuw II
must b provided. Steaened alfAffa
leaves m4ke an e1ceIlant greaas sub
settnAe. C1bnAgs ana nGnnerous seS&
|9aien VEGETABLES can be used. b0e
the~cost b ofsen ptohihnve.
Birds. shown h9Ne, constant Sceeas
10 custer xl,ans. Erst ana e1nscoAl
sppated In @pec9al hUpp~a-C. q
A1xdeESUn.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
find It advantageous to sen their dairy

find It advantageous to sell their dairy
cows.
"(s) In sections where COWS arc sup
ported on land adapted for staple
crops, such as wheat, corn, barley and
potatoes, all Of which are much
needed at the present time. the dairy
COW is rapidly disappearing. These
crops offer an opportunity in snch
dairying to a profitable system of
farming.
"(4) Added to these outside eco
nonfc influences upon the dairy bust
ness. there Is further reason for the
increase in price of market milk. viz:
The great demand for milk to be
made into butter. cheese, and con-
densed milk. The price OF these
products has increased much more
rapidly than the price OF market milk
because Of their great food value and
Of their adaptabf1tty for use by the
armies Of the world
mo mannfactuEed aRttc5e VIII. for
any length Of time, be. sosd below the
cost OF production. Ike any other
article Of commerce, the price Of milk
must fluctuate with the cost Of raw
mxterfal and labor. No one Ques-
tions the desisabftty Of keeping milk
at a price within the reach Of the
working classes, nor Is the motive OF
those vino are making strenuous ef-
fort to prevent rise in the price Of
mix questioned.
Yet It would be most unfortunate,
both for the industry and the people
at large, If by artificial means a
Legitimate increase IN the price Of
MIX should be prevented. Such a
ccksdikion would mean more COWS to
the butcher, an Increased shortage Of
mifk-and sim higher prtces for milk.
It would be slsre way of taking the
mix away from thensands OF poor
chfldon during The coming winter
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

apply all at the same time but ena
kind may be applied one year and
another kind another year.
The really good pasture nlust BE-
kept seeded and given surface cu1ti-
walton of some kind, at least every
two years every year would be
better to be profitable. Every
square foot of area should crow =
good crop, and this is not the caSD In
half tho pastures of this country. Tho
seeding and cultivation may be dos
at the same time, preferably IN tlss
spring or very early in the summer.
Only the bare spoD WIN need seed-
ing II these spots are small xa6o
the seed in with mandrake; il
large, with good harrow.
For cultivation, 90 over the patnrs
with a sharp tooth harrow, both v3y@
or cut the surface with disc harrow,
the discs set nearly straight. ThlDWnl
relieve any sod bound conAafion .a1A
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

April in Oklahoma suffer from hot
weather and are seldom profitable.
During the winter some sort OF
shelter should be provided, but an
expensive barn Is not necessary. A
substantial shed, placed on well
drained land, opening to the south to
admit sunlight, with a good roof free
from direct drafts. but furnishing
plenty of ventilation, will serve as a
sufficient shelter in Oklahoma Wheat
or rye pastures are excellent for win
tering the flock. Alfalfa hay and
corn or grain sorghum si,age make
good feed IL pasture is not available.
Very little IL any grain should be fed
to the ewes until after they lamb.
The pregnant eve should have the
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

allow the air to get down to the rooel
Of the grasses.
Narrowing or cutting VIII divide
the underground stems of the grasses
and help TO make thicker and more
even stand.
Grasses WIFI not thrive with brush
and weeds. Dig the brush out with
the grubbing hoe. To kill the weeds.
NOW the pasture at least twice each
summer. This win let the air and
light in the grass plants and make
them grow.
Your pasture may be msde a source
of n.otit and a Joy to behold instead
OF ,ste and an eye-sore. but it
will .vquire work and always work.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

For few days after cakving the
COWS drinking water should be luke
warm. In addition to alfalfa OF
clover hay and small quantity OF
corn silage. she should be fed bran
mashes or a small allowance Of bran,
oil meal and oats. After about three
days she may then be placed ON more
solid food. At least thirty days
should be taken IN getting her up ia
full feed and care should b taken to
increase the bulky feeds that are laxa-
tive first and the heavy concentrated
feeds later.
Recent Increases in the price OF
milk and the discussions attendant
upon these increases render stngularfy
timely the following statement on this
subject by Professor Fred Rasmussen,
Of the Pennsylvania State, Cosaeee
School Of Agriculture:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
SAVE EVE LAMBS.

Save every eve lamb possible for
breeding is the urgent message the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture is sending to sheep owners.
Market for slaughter only those abso-
lutely worthless. for breeding stock.
There is a strong demand among far
mers for breeding stock. and owners
Of eve lambs should have no trouble
finding a breeding market for them
through county agents or the state
agricultural colleges.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
HOME ooNvx1EsCEs-

It Is false economy TINT denies
the modern Inventions and Appaiances
for expediting work within the house,
and saving the strength OF the women
of the household. while all sorts Of
conveniences for the work outside are
bought and used by the men Of the
farm. To this false economy is due
largely the fact that girls born and
reared upon the farm are constantly
seeking work in the city where means
are used to make, homework more
attractive and less like drudgHry.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
GOOD &1RV1C,E,

Poultry can DO good service b >at-
ing TIM white gruhs and other insscts
freshly tnrned mp by the paow. They
do no service IN picking UP the angle
WORMS. for anglo worms accomplish
friendly work for mankind. 1t Is
doubtful II man could survive upon
the earth II angie worms had not pre-.
pared the soil for mans occupancy.
Every acre Of farm land has been d.
gested by angle worms over and over
again and in this way made the soil
fertile.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
WHEN no FATTEN.

During the summer and early fall
turkeys can find an abundance of feed
on the average farm. About October
1. it is advisable to begin fattening
them for market, giving only little
feed at first and gradually increasing
this until the birds are marketed. The
marketing season for turkeys is very
short, running only from the middle
Of November to the latter part Of
December
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
BLACKHEAD OF TURKEYS,

or the infectious diseases of turkeys,
blackhead is the most destructive. It
is notable that whenever the climate
and range conditions are such as to
permit of the turkeys foraging for
most of their feed from the time they
are Matched until they are marketed,
cases of blaekhead are infrequent. No
positive cure for-blackhead has been
found. but free range and care not to
overfeed are very important factors
in raising turkeys successfully.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
LAY AT FIVE MONTHS.

The young duck will often start lay
ing at FIVE months of age. AS broiler
ducks they are not as profitable as the
Pekin, owing TO their small size, al
though one breeder says he has Sc
cured as high as four and half
pounds weight in eleven weeks. Such
i rate, however. we are inclined to
look upon as a rare one.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

place any considerable portion of the
horses actually needed in field work
will find that they have Misjudged the
situation, and not a few of them will
pay dearly for their experience."-
T. r. Leiper, Colorado Agricultural
College.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
SOME KNOWLEDGE NECESSARY

While It is well to encourage the
'Back-to-the -soi1~ movement, especial
ly among young people, it is foolish
to think that anyone can manage a
farm successfully from the first. 1t
requires careful study and patience.
year in and year out, but the person
who has industry and common sense
viii succeed in the end
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
USE MEAL.

The louisville who wishes to AZ
some poultry for market and get top,
figures, ought 10 use meal rather than
grain for fattening. Whole oats aro
not suitable food for chickens ct any
stage. Ground oats are excellent evea
for the hnishing process. Cornmsal,
with some milk, y hne feed. Wholes
grain of any sort ought to be avoide
when chickens arc closely confined.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
NOTES or THE HOG-LOT.

As growing proposition there is
nothing more profitable than the
spring pig.
Pork-growing gives quick cash re-
turn. without robbing the farm of
fertility.
AS soon as the pigs begin TO eat
from the trough. give them some
skim milk and cracked corn as side
dish.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
LOSS ENORMOUS.

The loss which is caused BY rats
and mice will soon pay for~the expense
of excluding them from buildings
When the sources Of food are pro
tected khe number Of rodents viii
decrease. The importance. OF protect.
ing grain andfood supplies fxon1-then
is emphasized still more by high
prices
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

The nature of any ration Is gov
erned largely by the feed available,
and the price. In this ration, If corn
is higher priced than wheat, II can be
reduced to 10 parts, the wheat in
creased to 80 parts, or 10 parts Of
ground kafir or ground barley snb-
stituted. By increasing the bEan,
niddlings and linseed meal. the
wheat can be reduced.
Unless corn is so high priced that
grinding rs necessary, corn. wheat-and
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

We not only need to develop a good
working stomach on q calf. but good
acting heart. This cannot be done
without pure air, sunlight and plenty
of exercise.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
STUDY THE BREEDER TOO.

One thing ought .aYsys to be con-
sidered when mon start out to buy
pure-bred cattle. That n. that the
knowledge, skill and character OF the
man who bred them Is about n inn
poetant as are the animals they are
to buy.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
FEEDING ALSO A FACTOR.

1t is not breeding alone that is going
to determine the future usefulness Of
the COW, but it must be supported by
liberal feeding, daily care and careful
observation.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09
FEED PROPER RATION IF YOU'D HAVE EGGS IN WINTER

Start now to tone UP that egg ma
chine and get it in order for maxi
mum winter egg production, by put
ting those early Matched pullets and
hens to be held over on good slim
uiating egg making ration.
The following ration is stated in
parts by weight:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

The drafter can make more money
by his great efficiency at heavy work
than the light horse can by his greater
speed on the road.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

It win be much easier to repair the
fences now than after freezing
weather comes on. Driving nails on
. frosty day is not pleasant work.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

Trim out old raspberry canes and
thin the new shoots 80 that they do
not crowd. Burn all these trimmings
at once.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

The man Who makes his money
driving about the country should own
horses that are adaptad 20 his busi-
ness.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

No farmer should raise one kind of
stock exclusively. Cattle, horses. hogs
and sheep should be mixed In proper
proportion. regardless Of the size of
the place.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

Plenty of bedding helps the guam
tfty of manure, and certainly makes
the horse look better.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

The Whitney crab il good canning
Sort 1t Is stratght, upright-g grow
ing tree. Good for hack yaea N town
or city.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-10-09

Good pasture-lands arc the basis of
successful dairy farming.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1917-06-12
TEXAS LEADS AT
SAVANNAH T.P.A.
A. C. HIPP AS UNCLE SAM" HEADS
LONE STAR DELEGATION. WHICH
TAKES BIG CASH PRIZE.
Especial a. The Hcrald.l

SAVANNAH. Ga. June l2.-Texas took
the first prize Of one hundred dollars III
the national parade Of the Travellers Pro
tectre Association.
cher branch AT Brownsville. headed the
Texas delegation in the parade. co~tumed
n Uncle sam The BIC fellow made m
imposing appearance n he strobe down
Savannah's principal avenues. an excel
lent specimen Of the American type and
Texas ginger.
The Texas ladies followed the Texas
delegation. and were the only ladies par
ticipating in the parade of over one thou>-
and men, bringing the breezy west right be-
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1917-06-12
Siberia Occupation
Story Termed False
Associated Press Correspondence,

CAsSociatod Press Corrrspnmloncc.i
TOXIC. june 12-The story cmanatinn
from Russia that III Russia made separate
peace with Germany. japanese troops
would occupy Siberia. which WAS prom
inently printed in the Japanese press. was
promptly characterize a. absurd BY the
Japan~e foreign office.
The Japan~e press thinks that the re-
port wa, probably fabricated for the pur-
pose Of ~uppre~~ing the peace movement
brewing among the Russian people.
The report declared that III Russia re-
her military effort She would ~
threatened with serious danger from Jap
m and that according I'd \ treaty con
with the entente powers Japan
would have the right L. occupy an siberia
~ far n the TRIAL mountains. This wa-
denied hv British statesmen.