davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01
TIE DANGER ZONE IS OUTLINED

Berlin, January 3I.-(via Say
 vilIe.)-Following Is the annex re- ferred to in the German note:
 From February I. 1917, within
 barred zones around Great Britain,
 France, Italy and in the eastern
 Mediterranean, as outlined in the
 following, all sea traffic forthwith
 will be opposed. Such barred zones
 are:
 Tn the North sea, the district around and France which is limited by a line 20 nautical miles, the district along the Dutch coast as far as the Terschel- ling lightship, the decree of longitude of the Terschelling lightship to Udir; line from there across the point 62 degrees north latitude. longitude, westward along .s2 degrees. to "a point three nautical miels south of the south point of Far over (Faroe islands,, from there across the point e2 degrees north, - degrees west to 61 degrees north. 15 degrees west; then 57 degrees north. 20 degrees west; farther, to 43 degrees north. Is degrees west; then on degree latitude 4S degrees north to the point 20 nautical mics from Cape Finisterre and 20 nau- tical miles distance along the Spanish north coast as far as the French frontier.
 Concerning the south, in the Mediter-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01
NEW SITUATION

ranean: For neutral shipping there re- mains open the sea district west of a line from Pt. Des Les Paquett to B degrees 20 minutes north and degrees east, as we'll as north and west of zone 60 sea miles broad along the north African coast beginninf on -- degrees west longitude
 Tn order to connect this sea district with Greece the zone leads 20 sea miles in width north or east, following this line, 3S degrees north and degrees east B degrees north and Il degrees 30 min utes east to 34 degrees north and Il de- grees 30 minutes east to 34 degrees north and P Gegrecs 90 minutes east. From there it leads to zone 20 sea miles broad west of e2 degrees 30 minutes east longi- tude into Greek territorial waters
 Neutral ships plying within the barred zone do so at their own risk. Although precautions are being taken to spare neutral ships which on February l are on the way to ports in the barred zone during an appropriate delay, yet it is urgently to be advised that they should be warned and directed to other routes by all means available
 Neutral ships lying in ports of the barred zones can with the same safety abandon the barred zones if they sail before February B. and take the shortest route into the open district.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01

Derby, England, January 31.-Four persons were arraigned quietly in the police court at the Derby GuiIdhall this morning charged with plotting the murder of Premier Lloyd George and Arthur Henderson, the premier's right hand man i'm the war council.
 The accused persons indignantly denied the charges declaring they had been trumped up as punishment for their con scientious objections to compulsory mili- tary service
 The proceedings over which the mayor presided were merely of a formal nature. No details of the charges. or evidence, were divulged.
 The accused persons, who are well known here, are Mrs. Alice Wheeldon, her two daughters. Mrs. Ann Wheeldon and Mrs. Alfred George Mason. and the latter's husband. Two of the women are school teachers. The prisoners made no formal defense motion at todays hear ing, merely pleading not guilty. They did not demand release on bail They were returned to their cells.
 Owing to lack of accommodation here for such important prisoners they will be taken to Birmingham jail until Satur- day
 The case was a great sensation, partic- ularly as the accused persons belonged to two classes against which there is much g-suffragettes and conscien- tious objectors.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01
PLOT TO MURDER YD GEORGE IS DISCOVERED
Three Women and One Man Are Held on Charge of Conspiracy Against English Premier and Arthur Henderson, His Right
 hand Helper in Council of War

Both Mir. David Lloyd George and MT. Arthur Henderson are known as very democratic and approachable Recently there has been some agitation for better protection Of the nations leaders. Am pie precautions were taken here to pro- tect the prisoners and the conservative British law, circumscribing matter which the newspapers may print in advance Of court proceedings. insures against any ef- forts in the press to arouse feeling against them.
 Police witnesses today described in a cut and dried manner the arrest of the accused
 Harriet Ann Wheeldon was arrested at Llkeston school, at which she has been teaching. Her only comment was: "I know nothing about this charge"
 Winifred (Mrs. Alfred Mason) was ar- rested at Foundry Lane school, South ampton, where she has been teaching She said: T don't know what it is all about" She added that her husband also was innocent. He is druggists clerk who has been seeking employment.
 Mrs. Alice Wheeldon said. on being asked if there was any reason why she should not be remanded: This is just a trumped up charge to punish me because my dad is a conscientious objector. You brought up an unfounded charge against him, and he went to prison for it. Now that he Is out of the way you are trying to punish him through me-
 Winifred Mason told the court: Tt s an infamous concoction against my fam fly and husband.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01

Traffic of regular American passenger steamers can go on unmolested if:
 "A. Falmouth is taken as the port of destination, and if.
 'B On the going and return journey the Scily Islands, as well as the point 50 degrees Ecrth, 20 degrees west, be steered on. Along this route no German mines will he laid
 'C. If steamers on this journey bear the following special signals which only they will be rernnitted to display in American ports: A coating of paint on the ships hull and the superstructure in vertical stripes three metres broad, alternating white and red; on every mast large flag of checkered white and red, on the stern the American national flag; during darkness the national flag and the coat of raint to be as easily recognizable as possible from a distance, and the ships must be comrletely and brightly illumi- mated
 ID. If only one steamer runs each week in each direction, arriving at Fall mouth on Sundays leaving Falmouth on Wednesdays.
 'E. If guarantees and assurances are given by the American government that these steamers carry no contraband (ac- cording to the German list of contra Eand).
 Two copies ot maps on which the barred zcres are outlined are added"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01
GERMANY GIVES WARNING TO NEU7RALS SHE I'LL
 BEGIN TO WAGE RELENTLESS WARFARE ON HIGH SEAS
AMERICA MAY BE DRAWN INTO0 CONFLICT ON TEUTONIC DECISION
 TO STARVE OUT ENTENTE zkLLIES|
COMPLETE TEXT OF GER7sAN NOTE

altogether to forego every trade not agreeable to the entente pow CTS or to limit it. according to their arbitrary decrees. The American government knows the steps which have been taken to cause Enrland and her allies to return 10 sae rules of internation- al law and respect the freedom of the seas. The English government, However, insists upon continuing it's war of starvation, which does not al all affect the military power of its opponents, but conn peIs women nnd children, the sick and the aged to suffer for their country pains and privations which endanger the vitality of the nation. Thus British tyranny mer- ci1essiy increases the sufferings of the world indifferent to the laws of humanity. indifferent to the protests of the neutraIs whom they severely harm, indifferent even to the silent longing for peace among EnEland's own aI- Hes. Each day of the terrible struggle causes new destruction, new sufferings. Each day shorten ing the war will, on both sides. preserve the life of thousands of brave soldiers and be q benefit to mankind. The imperial gov ernment could not justify before it's own conscience, before the German people and before history the neglect of any means destined to bring about the end of the war.
 "Iike the President of the Unf- ted States. the imperial govern ment had hoped to reach this goal by negotiations. After the att tempts to come to an under standing with the entente DOW CTS have been answered by the latter with the announcement of an intensified continuation of the war. the imperial goyernment--In order to serve the welfare of man. kind in R higher sense and not to wrong it's own peopIe--is now compelled to continue the fight for existence, again forced upon it, with the full employment of all the weapons which 1t has at it's disposaI. Sincerely trusting that the people and government of the United States will understand the motives for this decision and it's necessity, the imperial government hopes that the United States may view the new situation from the lofty heights of impartiality and assist. on their part, to prevent further misery md unavoidable sacrifice of human life.
 "Enclosing two memoranda re- gardfng the details of the contem- plated military measures at sea, rema7n, etc..
 ..Y etx4ar1 \ Ss,,.sst, ssS
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01
President Wilson Denies Himself to Callers While
 Studying Text of Paper
THIS COUNTRY FACING EXTREME SITUATION
Peace and All Means of Bringing About End of War Go Glimmer- ing When Berlin Decides on
 Ruthless Campaign

Washington, January 31. Germany has declared unre- stricted submarine warfare.
 A starvation blockade of England, the like of which the world never has seen, was announced today in notes delivered to American Ambassador Gerard in Ber- lin and to the state depart ment here by Count Von Bernstorff.
 Thus begins the long feared campaign of ruthless ness, conceived by Von Hin- denburg, it is said here, on a magnitude never even con templated by Von Tirpitz.
 Again the United States faces severance of diplo- matic relations with Ger many with all it's eventual possibilities. President Will sons repeated warnings of "a world afire" and Secre- tary Lansing's verge of war" statement are being recalled in the capital to- night with feelings of appre- hension and misgiving.
 Germany's action is the super crisis of all those that have stirred the American government in two and a half years of world war.
 Peace and means of preserving peace have gone glimmering.
 President Wilson, incredulous at first when the unofficial text of Ger many's warning was brought to him, at once called for the official docu- ment which had just been presented to Secretary Lansing by the German ambassador. Mir. Lansing refused to make comment. President Wilson began careful study of the docu- ment.
 THREE COURSES OPEN
 The President has the task of deciding what shall be the course of the United States. Three immediate steps are pos
 (Continucd on Page Eleven)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01

Washington, January 31.--FoI- lowing is the official text of the German note, addressed to secrc- tary Lansing and signed by Count VOn Bernstorff;
 "Mr. Secretary of State.
 '.Your excellency was good enough to transmit to the imperial government copy of the message which the President of the United States of America addressed to the Senate on the 22d inst. The im- periaI government has given it the earnest consideration which the Presidents statement deserves. filled as they were with a deep sentiment of responsibility. It is government to ascertain that the main tendencies of this important statement corresponds largely to the desires and principles pro- fesscd by Germany. These prin- ciples especially include seIf-gov- crnment and equality of rights for all nations. Germany would be sincerely glad If in recognition of this principle countries like Ire- land and India, which do not en- joy the benefits of political inde- pendence, should now obtain their freedom.
 REPUDIATE ALLIANCES
 ''The German people also repu- diate all alliances which serve to force the countries into competi- ton, or might involve them in a net of selfish intrigues. On the other hand, Germany will gladly cooperate in all efforts to prevent future wars. The freedom of the seas, being n preliminary condition of the free existence of nations and the peaceful intercourse be- tween them, as well as the open door for the commerce of all Ha- tions. has always formed part of the leading principles of Ger many's political programme. All the more. the imperial government regrets that the attitude of her enemies, who were entirely op- posed, to peace. makes it impossible for the world at present to bring about the realization of these lofty deals. Germany and her aI- lies sssrc ready t1 enter into a
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01

washington January SI.-De-
 velopments today came as n stag
 gering surprise. The complete
 agreement of the German Elm
 peror, Chancellor Won Bethmann-
 Hollweg, General Won Hindenburg
 nnd General von Ludendorff. the
 four men in whose hands Ger
 many's destiny Hes, has been men,
 tioned, frequently in dispatches. 1. Information received only today, how ever, shows that very careful cam paign for the full use of sea forces has been under way recently. It has been urged as essential to Germany's exist ence and it was represented that it would be impossible now flor President Wilson to get the American people behind him in declaration of war, Congress was represented as opposed to war
 PREPARED FOR RUPTURE
 Germany, according to information re- ceived here, realizes that her action may result in break of relations, but Berlin are prepared for the rupture. To- night they were represented as feeling that the only other steps open to the United States are the calling Of con ference of neutral nations to end the blockade or the taking of some step which speedily would result in peace.
 f1hformation received from the same source is that Admiral Won Tirpits or his followers had absolutely nothing to 10 with the new policy. On the contrary. t was said tonight that Won Tirpitz was
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01
RUSSIANS WINNING MORE SUCCESSES IN NORTH RUMAN|A Berlin Reports Admit Loss of Position Near Putna
 and Kimpolung
GERMANS ATTACK
 LINES NEAR RIGA
Sharp Fighting Is Reported in Lor- raine on French Sector, Where Slight Gains Are Made, Is
 Claim of Paris

New York, January s1.-The Asso- ciated Press sums up the news from the various war fronts as follows:
 Except for battles of some import ance in northwest Russia and in Bulk owina. the operations in all the thea tres of war continue to be carried cut mainly by small parties and by artillery wings. Along the Aa river. southwest of Riga, the Germans stormed Russian positions and re- pulsed counter attacks against them More than 800 Russians were made prisoner and Is machine guns were captured. Petrograd admits the re- tirement of the Russians for two thirds of a mile near Kalnzem. in this region.
 In Bukowina,s southwest of Kampo- lung, the Russians. in an attack, pene- trated the geutonic allied positions and took number of prisoners. A
 (Coatinued on Page Nine)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01
MOST PRONOUNCED
 COLD WAVE 0F THE
 WINTER IS COMING
All Districts East of Missis- sippi River Will Experi-
 ence Drop in Tempera- . ture at Once


 Washington, January S1.-The most pronounced cold wave of the winter has overspread the plains states and the northwest and is rapidly spread ing eastward and southwark The weather bureau said tonight that practically all districts east of the Mississippi river would experience a cold wave within the next AS hours The temperatures tonight were 10 to 20 degrees or more below zero over the north and central plains states and freezing weather was. recorded ,as far south as n&r3h 1sxAs,
 storm warnings arS displayed on the Atlantic coast from Jacksonville to. Eastport. Me. and son the gulf coast from Cedar Keys t6 Brownsyilie. Tex
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01
NEW YORK PORT IS SEALED BY ORDER 0F THE COLLECTOR It Is Supposed This Was Done to Prevent Viola
 tion of Neutrality
 by Germans

New York. January s1.-The port of New York was sealed tonight by order of Dudley Field Malone. collector of customs Vessels of every description, including tugboats. were turned back 10 quarantine by the torpedo boat sta- toned there to maintain the neutrality of the United States.
 The purpose of the Malone order remained mystery upon which he declined to throw any light. He has full authority to act upon his own initiative in case of emergency as hs is held responsible for enforcing neu- trality
 While there was no apparent basfs for the belief that such drastic action resulting from information that ono or more of the great German liners
 (Continued on psse Eleven)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01
Summary of the News
GENERAL NEWS

 GENERAL NEWS 1-Germany wnrns nentraIs she will begin submarine warfare. America may be drawn into con- flict now. Most pronounced cold wave of winter is coming. Albany given recognition by postal heads.
 Russians winning more successes in n nsKfh Hssrrsa. New rax1 x closed. Plot kc MgtfAev Lloyd George h disc x&resi- Bollints partms exonerates him in 4tte. -ImmN :a4e assana on railroad bill fs ast<sd nf pnEress. S-OPiE ss,A fxfss in suit to de- ci's Hale ta flee. io--Con " M rman note. 0-WfIee &s&f s call conference. S-Neys& hnsFxa gsom Montgomery.
 y.Sy<ssK NEWS S-Set& M fyr A ton regarding vislt N SfTear iant board. ; WvaNEn xNo. Town by Honeycutt f&z.i stf* s s.ai injuries. &gSfs Started to oust Dr. Hnsi1lpT nnd el city near Acipco. Ils finnsise think war is sure, 44xE Nfxf Mathis.
 *ssc ks to close tonight l4----a z yyf@ elf E efnemer.
 ;ATUnES x- e}* etAt ee movies. 4-f {{ Nxixx jmment. q-' }f Dolly Dalrympie.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01
BURNETT IS CONFIDENT

Washington. January 31.-(Special)-On the eve of the fourth furious fight for an immigration bill containing iiteracy test. Representative Burnett of Alabama predicts that Congress will win as against the veto of the President.
 If the bill is passed tomorrow in the House by the necessary two-thirds ma jority, Senator Smith of South Carolina declares that the action of the Senate
 (Continued on Page Nine)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01
Following July 1 Name of New Decatur Will Be Changed
IMMIGRATION BILL TO
 PASS, SAYS BURNETT
Alabama Congressman, Who Has Led Fight for Measure, Thinks That Sufficient Votes Secured to
 Override Veto
By HUGH w. RoBERrs

Washington. January 31.-(Speclal) The Postmaster General Issued an orr der today changing the name of New Decatur to Albany. effective July l.. the beginning of the fiscal year. The order also directed that all mall ad- dressed to Albany be delivered until July I at New Decatur.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01

discussion of peace and had set existence, honor and free develop ment of their peoples. Their aims, as has been expressly stated in the note of December 12, 1916. were not directed toward the destruc- ton or annihilation of their enc mics, and were according to their conviction perfectly compatible with the rights of the other na- tions. As to Belgium, for which such warm and cordial sympathy is felt in the United States, the chancellor had declared only n few weeks previously that Its an- nexation had never formed part of Gcrmany's intentions. The peace to be signed with Belgium was to provide for such conditions in that country. with which Germany desires to maintain friendly neighboring relations, that Bell gfum could not be used again by Germany's enemies for the pur- pose of instigating continuous hostile intrigues. Such precaution- ary measures are all the more necessary, as Germany's enemies
 
 speeches delivered by their lead ing men, hut also in the statutes of the economical conference in Paris. that it Is their intention not to treat Germany as an equal, even after peace has been restored, but to continue their hostile atti- tude and especially to wage a systematic economical war against her.
 "The attempt of the four allied powers to bring about peace has failed owing to the lust of con- quest of their enemy. who desired to dictate the conditions of peace. Under the prctense of following the principle of nationality, our enemies have disclosed their real aims in this war. viz.. to dfsmem- Der md dishonor Germany, Aus rin-Hungary. Turkey and BuI- garia. To the wish of reconcil- liation they oppose the will of de- struction. They desire fight to the bitter end.
 NEW SITUATION
 "A new situation has thus been created which forces Germany to Aew decisions. Since two years and n half England Ia using her naval power for criminal attempt to force Germany into submission by starvation. In brutal con tempt of international law the group of powers led by England does not only curtail the legal trade of their opponents, but they also have, by ruthless pressure, compelled neutral countries either
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01
STILL ON STAND

when the committee adjourned tonight. He still was radiant and eager. appar- ently. to help, but the committee, accord ing to certain members. were somewhat at a loss as to what angle his interroga- ton should take when 1t is resumed to- morrow.
 Although Connolly in his resume, copy of which he had drafted from memory for the committee, the original still being missing, had described the forthcoming note as "a movement of great moment" he declared it's significance had not inn- pressed him. In proof of this he said that his books showed he had not acted or the information in the market. In fact, he said, every one of his customers lost money in the subsequent crash. Their total losses between December anf De- cember 23, the so-called peace period" aggregated s40.ooo. according to the testi- mony of E. F. Hutton, who preceded Connolly on the stand.
 WANTED TO MAKE IMPRESSION
 It was his desire, Connolly conceded, to make strong impression on the Hut ton firm, as much as anything else. that led him to send the forecast The mes sage was the only one of it's kind which he had sent since he had induced E. F. Hutton & Co to become his New York correspondent, in August. 1915, when the firm of F. A. Connolly & Co. was organ ized, he testified.
 Touching on Bolling's partnership, Con-
 (oontinued on Page Ten)
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01
News of Gern1dn Decision Is Staggering

not, as has heretofore been supposed, re- moved from power because he advocated ruthless submarine warfare. The fact, according to this information. was that he was deposed because he did not carry out the campaign he inaugurated.
 HUNDREDS OF .U-BOATS
 Tonight the information came that Ger. many now has from 300 to 800 subma-
 The German view Is that the new poli- cy will improve general prospects of an early peace. Germany is represented as still being ready to discuss peace at any time However, it is declared that Ger man officials, both in this country and in Berlin. feel that the declaration of changed policy should make it clear tha; Germany and her allies are in the war to the last drop of blood
 HAND OF HINDENBURG
 Unrestricted subma rine warfare. it was declared. was determined upon as soon as the nature of the entente reply to Presi- dent Wilson's note became known, and before the Presidents address to the Sen- ate. The Presidents address, it was said. suthoritatively. came in the midst of the situation. and, because of it's nature. l. appeared for a time as if the new cam paign might be postponed. However, it was explained. much preparation was necessary for the opening of such a cam paign and nothing was to be gained by waiting.
 It is believed here that the policy was decided upon at a recent conference at the headquarters of the German general
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-02-01

staff and that Field Marshal Won Hin denburg played most important part in It's formulation