davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10
Information for Farmers and Orchardists
Drainage is Big Need in
Starke County, Say Experts

WASHINGTON, D. c.. March 10.
TO assist farmers in fitting crops
10 their soils 70 the best advantage,
the United States department Of
agriculture. in cooperation with the
Indiana state department OF geo.
logy. has made a soil survey of
Starke county, Indiana.
Drainage, the report says, is the
great problem in the county. Much
work is being done each year and
the drainage system is being rapid
ly extended. Nevertheless, approx
mately 80 10 40 percent OF the
county is still unreclaimed. Drain
age authorities, says the report, are
Of the opinion that the most feasible
solution OF the problem for this re-
gion lies in the construction OF a
permanent system Of levees along
the Kankakee river with an ade-
quate channel between. At the
present time. il is estimated that il
costs from 50 10 Sc an acre to drain
the average land.
The agriculture OF the county.
says the report, is rapidly improv-
ing, but its extension is largely de-
pendent upon the improvement of
drainage. The intensive develop
ment Of the county's vast areas of
muck land. both for special and
mixed farming. holds out many pos
sibilities. At the present time corn
is the chief crop in the county with
oats next in importance, and wheat
third. Cowpeas and rye are grown
extensively on the light sandy lands
Muck is used largely for two spe-
cial crops-onions and pepperment
Stock feeding is followed TO some
extent and dairying and hog raising
are of considerable importance.
Nine Types Of Soil.
In addition TO muck, there are in
Starke county nine distinct soil
types grouped in six series. OF
these series. the Clyde. including in
Starke county the three types of
fine sand, fine sandy loan, and
loan, is the most extensive The
fine sand and fine sandy loan each
cent OF the total area of the county.
an dthe loan between three and
-four percent. These soils have dark
brown 70 black surfaces with gray
and yellowish subsoTs, the dark
color Of the surface being due 10
the large content of organic matter
derived from the decay of plants
under swampy conditions Locally.
the clyde fine sand is spoken of as
black sand" or black sandy soil
and is not separated from the fine
sandy loan, although it may be re-
garded as somewhat less valuable
than the latter. Both of these types
are used chiefly for corn, wheat and
oats.
The most extensive development
OF the Clyde fine sand is found in
California township. This is an ex-
cellent soil for potatoes, and some
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10
HOW To CONTROL
THE POTATO MOTH
Parasite Often Works Serious
Injury to Stored TuberS
in Dry Climates.

The potato tuber moth in mild. dry
climates often works very serious in
jury 10 stored potatoes. II also Is
an annoying and at times a destruc-
tive field pest where careless plant
ing and harvesting. combined with
proper climatic conditions, give IL an
opportunity 10 damage the growing
plant. The larva OF the moth feeds
10 some extent on the leaves, but
does its principal damage 20 the
plant by mining downward through
the stem. killing that section Of the
plant and greatly reducing the leaf
area. In the case OF the tuber in the
ground or stored. the larvae channel
through the flesh and either ruin the
potato and cause il 10 rot. or render
il so unsightly as 10 make IL uade-
Sirable for food
Control OF Tuber Moth.
The bureau Of entomology. United
States department OF agriculture. re-
Gently has published professional
paper 40. 427. the potato tuber
moth, in which il recommends two
methods Of control 10 the potato
grower and handler. These are. ac-
cording 10 J. +. Graf. author OF the
bulletin, cultural and harvesting
methods which minimize damage
and the use OF disulphid of carbon TO
fumigate stored potatoes. The series
of experiments indicates that the fol
lowing measures in the field VIII do
much TO minimize the damage from
this moth:
PLANT as deep as practicable 6
10 6 inches)
Use ridge culture e.. ridge
the rows.
3-IIarveSt as early as possible.
Harvest before the potato tops
become so dry as 10 drive the par
italy grown larvae TO descend and
worl, on the tuber.
In harvesting the utbers several
rules must be followed to keep the
tubers from infestation:
THE sacks should never be COW
cred with potato tops. as the larvae
leave these when they Wilt and en-
ter the potatoes.
The sacks should be sewed as
soon as possible and hauled rom the
field.
3-POtatoes should never be left in
the field or exposed to the moth over
night.
All Gull potatoes should be
gathered up within two weeks and
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10
STOCK-RALSLNG

either fed 20 stock az cnce or de-
stroyed. II left in the field they a-e
a menace 20 the neiChbors and 20 the
grower himself for the follouinc
crop.
After the potatoes are harvested
they should be marketed az once. un-
less the grower has storage facilities
and is willing 10 take the trou ole e.
treat the potatoes
The destruction or potato vines
after harvest. while il kills all stages
OF the insect within the vines. will
also kin the parasites which, prey on
the moth Destruction OF the vines
would probably kill more OF the par
asites than stages OF the moth, since
the tuber worm is liable % hide ur-
der clods and rubbish. while most
OF those parasitzed remain in or on
the plants.
F1Imigation OF Stored Potatocs.
Experiments Indicate that carhc1
disulphid used az the rate OF W.
pounds 20 1000 cubic fee or storaSe
space will XIII the larvae and adults
and practice iv ALI the pIpae arG
eggs within 4S hours. The pota.oes
are placed in gas-JiEut bins. which
easily may be made nearly air-tigrt
by lining temporary struct, res With
tarred paper and painting the seams.
The carbon diSu,phid should Dee"
placed or the top Of the sacks lr
shallow TN pans The Eas ghnt o.
generates is heavier tnal ar aed
sinks throurh the mass OF potatoes.
As carbon Gisiiphid 110or IS eVpio-
siVe when mixed with air ard
brought in contact with Gre or s0srs..
o- when heated 10 "a sufficiently Ern
temperature. great care should ue
exercise u keep ars spark or Gre
such as a lighted cigar away from
Its nelghboruood If tubers are no
uceably infested. the fumiEauou
should be repeated i'm a week in sum-
mer or TWO weeks in winter
Wherever possible, potatoes should
be marketed as rapidly as possible
and infested tubers should never be
stored unless they can be umigated
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10
SET THE HEN IN
A QUIET PLACE
Agriculture Experts Tell How
Best Results Are Obtain
ed at Setting"

WASHINGTCN. D. c., March 10.
AS the time approaches for the
hen 10 become broody or sit, if care
is taken to look into the nest. it will
be seen that there are a few soft,
downy feathers being left there by
the hen; also the hen stays longer
on the nest when laying at this
time. and on being approached will
quite likely remain on the nest,
making a clucking noise, ruffling
her feathers, and pecking at the in
truder When il is noted that a hen
sits on the nest from two to three
nights in succession, and that most
Of the feathers are gone from her
breast, which should feel hot to the
hand. she is ready to be transfer
red 10 a nest which has been pre-
pared for her beforehand, accord
ing TO the poultry specialists of the
United States department OF agri-
culture. The normal temperature
OF a hen is from 100 degrees 10
1O7 degrees F., which varies slight
" during incubation.
Dust the hen thoroughly with in.
sect powder, and in applying the
powder hold the hen by the feet.
the head down, working the pow
der we'll into the feathers, giving
special attention TO regions around
the vent and under the wings. The
powder should also be sprinkled in
the nest.
Choose Quiet Place.
The nest should be in some quiet.
out-of-the-way place. where the sit
ting hen will not be disturbed. Move
her from the regular laying nest at
night and handle her carefully in
doing so. Put China egg or two
i'm the nest where she is 10 sit and
place a board over the opening so
that she can not get off Toward
the evening Of the second day quiet
" go in where she is sitting. leave
some feed and water. remove the
board from the front or top of the
nest. and let the hen come off whe2
she is ready. Should she return 10
the nest after feeding. remove the
China egg or eggs and put under
those that are 10 be incubated. If
the nests are slightly darkened the
hens are less likely 20 become rest
less. AT Matching time they should
be confined and not be disturbed
until the hatch is completed, unless
they become restless. when il may
be best 10 remove the chicks that
are Matched first. In cool weather
il is best not 10 put more than 10
eggs under a hen, while later in the
spring one can put i 20 Is, aC-
cording 10 the size OF the hen.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10
RESULTS OF BOYCOTT

The following statement hy eli
writer i'm Farm and Fireside shows
the results OF an egg boycott on the
part Of marketing housewives.
MY egg account for 1916 shows
the following prices received. The
average OF the prices for each
month is given: January. &c; Feb
ruary. SIC; March. - 1-2c; April
- 1-2c. May. % 1-2c; June. soc.
July 35c; August. 42c; Septem Der.
49c; October. 55c; November &c;
December CSC. The December
price dropped TO 55c at one time as
q result Of g-boycotting. brought
about bV marketing orga mutations
composed Of New York city house
wives"
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10
LOANS on FARM BANDS.

Loans bearing interest at the low
rate of . per cent viii be made by Us
on good productive farms which
meet with our requirements. II you
expect TO borrow money soon. ar
rangem ents should be made without
delay 50 that you may take advsn-
tage OF this offer
All loans will be made for A term
OF FIVE years. with the privilege or
paying the principal. or any part
thereof. in even hundreds OF dollars
at any interest paying date.
Further details can be secured by
letter or We shall be pleased 10
have you call at our Office.
THE STRAUSS BROTHERS CO.
Adv. Ligonier, Ind
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10

cracked rather than finely ground.
Ground oats are good in grain mix
lures when available. but in many
cases cast much more per unit OF
feed than corn and bran. The fol-
lowing grain mixtures are recon-
mended in the bulletin:
Cd Three parts cracked corn and
one part wheat bran.
CD Three parts cracked corn,
one part wheat bran, and one part
ground oats.
ca Three parts cracked corn,
one part wheat bran, one part
ground oats, and one part linseed
meal.
(4 Five parts cracked corn. one
part wheat bran, one part ground
oats, and one part blood meal.
(5) Oats. ground.
Glover hay. alfalfa hay. or the
most palatable roughage available
should be given the calf after the
second week. Alfalfa is liable 70
cause scours. and should be fed
sparingly at first and increased only
after the calf gets accustomed 70 IT,
At first hay should be furnished
only a handful al time and be
placed so that il cannot be soiled
For the first six months. at least
the calf should receive all the
roughage of good quality that il
will eat up clean. When the cali
has access TO good pasture during
the first six months il need not re-
lceive other roughage. IL is not ad-
visable. however 20 have the calf
under two months of age on pasture
in the early spring.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10

cucum berS are grown on IL. Buck
wheat also is grown on newly clear
ed areas or when the stand OF corn
fails. Cowpeas. on the other hand,
meet with little success. and clover
is uncertain. Soy beans are prob
ably the legume best suited 70 the
type. A large part Of the fine sand
is in acid condition, and the more
extensive use of limestone is rec
commended.
The fine sandy loan is found
largely in the Kankakee and Tippe-
canoe valleys. Most Of this type
suffers from poor drainage. al
though this has been largely i'm
proved in recent years by the use of
tile. Corn is the most important
crop and yields OF from SO TO 20
bushels an acre freqently are OBJ
tanned. The fine sandy loan is also
considered the best wheat soil in
the county, with the exception of
the Griffin fine sandy loan. which.
however, is very limited in extent.
Soy beans are recommended on this
type as well as on the fine sand. For
fertilizing a mixture containing 10
percent phosphoric acid and 10 per-
cent potash is used.
Muck il Important
Muck is very important in Starke
county. This soil consists very
largely Of vegetable matter. and the
color ranges from dark chocolate
brown to black. The areas occupied
by this type were once shallow lakes
or marshes. Formerly they pro-
duced marsh hay. but within the
last % years a comprehensive sys-
tenn of drainage has been estab-
lished and a large part of the muck
areas are now being successfully
farmed and are rated as the most
valuable in the region Muck is
used chiefly for the production Of
onions, peppermint, and potatoes,
and 10 a small extent for corn. oats.
and wheat. Under favorable cir
cumstances the average yield of
onions is placed at about 500 bu-
shells per acre, and potatoes at from
100 10 $50 bushels per mere. The
quality Of the potatoes, however. is
said TO be somewhat inferior 10 that
Of those grown on the CLYDE soils.
In growing onions on muck, the re-
port recommends that larger guam
titles Of fertilizer, particularly Of
phosphate, should be used. Some
Of these lands now overrun with
huckleberry and dewberry are acid
and require the addition of three or
four tons per acre ground limestone
or mari. together with liberal ap-
plications of phosphate and potash.
After drainage has been established.
the cost of blowing new areas Of
muck is estimated at about 81 per
acre with a tractor for motor power.
This turns under at the first opera
ton the heavy growth Of weeds and
shrubs. The practice of burning
over muck land is discouraged in the
report.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10
SLOAN'S LININfENT FOR
RHEITM ATISM.

Tho torture or rheumatism, the
pains and aches that make life un-
bearable are relieved By SlOan's Lin
iment, a clean, clear liquid that is
easy TO apply and more effective than
mussy plasters or ointments because
IL penetrates quickly without rub
bling. For the many pains and aches
following exposure. strains, sprsins
and muscle soreness, SlOan's Lini-
ment is promptly effective. Always
have a bottle handy for govt, lum-
bago, toothache. backache, stiff neck
and all external pains. At druggists,
CSC. ADJ.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10

The light brahnia, sometimes call
ed the king Of poultry, though Of
Asiatic origin, is the first product of
the American fancier's skill. These
fowls We're first brought 10 America
from India about 1916, and seven
years later specimens Of the light
brahmas were exported TO England,
the first of them going 10 the late
Queen Victoria. Shortly after they
became very popular on both sides
of the Atlantic. Their great size,
strength and vigor. and exceptionally
fine qualities as table poultry en-
deared them to fanciers and COM
mercial pOultrymen alike.
There are several strains of light
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10

ing out this disease by acting as
soon as it appears, even though il
take some of our best birds. An ad-
cerse attitude IN the cattle business
was very costly in some cases, and
we should profit by that experience.
Insects Spread the COntagiOn.
Blood-sucking insects may be a
source of danger in transmitting the
disease from bird TO bird, since the
germ is sometimes found circulating
in the blood OF the afflicted bird.
Insects which live upon the blood
of fowls may later find their way to
other fowls and thus inOculate the
new birds. Thus we find that certain
contagious diseases are transmitted
by insects as we'll as carried in a
passive manner by rats dogs and
other animals, which might find
their way into the contagious yards.
The two other common ways are by
the deposit of contagion in the pens
and houses. and by coming in direct
contact with the sick bird
How TO Recognize tuberculosis.
To determine if fowl has tuber-
culosis. it is best to perform an au-
topsy at the earliest moment. Lay
the dead bird on its back, head from
YOU. and remove some of the feath-
ers from the under side OF the body;
then with a sharp knife make cut
along each side Of the breast bone.
grasp the back part of the bone and
force il forward, break and remove
This To- 70 Of tho
abdominal cavity. In the center OF
the cavity will be noted a large,
brownish-red organ-the liver. If
tuberculosis ia present in this organ
there will appear small round gray
ish-white pearl-like bodies which
are hard 10 the touch. These small
Jumps may be found throughout
the liver. The liver may also be en-
larged These small tubercles may
he found scattered over the surface
OF the web-like structure that sup
ports the iutestines. and may even
be found i'm the wall of the intestine.
The spleen or melt is shaped like 4
horse chestnut, and about the same
color IL is located close 20 the
liver. This too, may be affected in
a manner similar TO the liver.
Tn handling flock of fowls
thought 10 have tuberculosis. the
first thing 10 do is 20 determine pos
itvely whether or not the disease
really exists and 10 what extent it
exists. Make a careful examination
of all dead birds as mentioned above.
If YOU are still in doubt place a
specimen IN a 10 per cent solution
OF formalin. which solution can he
purchased at "a drug store, and send
the specimen 20 the nearest labor
atory Perhaps your state expert
ment station maintains a laboratory
and viii be glad 90 examine the
specimen and give YOU an opinion
free Of charge. such a specimen can
be placed i'm a glass jar, screwing
the lid down tightly and using a
rubber washer. The jar is then wrap
ped in excelsior. placed in "a wooden
box and shipped by express.
There are other tests which can
be made, such as the tuberculin test.
Il has been discovered recently that
a tuberculin can be made from the
germs Of the fowl. This tuberculin
is prepared similar To that used for
human use. Two or three drops are
injected into the wattles or comb of
the suspected bird with a hypo-
dermic needle. and y tuberculosis is
present there Will sc a doughty swell
ing in from "a TO as hours after the
injection.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10
SAVE ALFALFA LEAVES

'Two-thirds OF the feeding value
OF the alfalfa plant is in the leaves. -
says a writer in the current Farm
and Fireside. If the leaves are
lost in curing. only one-third OF the
feeding value remains. This makes
il important that alfalfa hay be
cured so as 20 save the leaves. This
means that the alfalfa must be
raked into windrows before the
leaves dry. or they will fan off. The
alfalfa should be raked into wind
rows an hour or two after being
cut. This not only saves the leaves
but also keeps IL green. and more
OF the flavor is retained.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10

brahmas in the New England states
which have been exceptionally well
developed as layers, and an ost the
first trap-nested 20O-egg hen was a
brahma. which laid 26S eggs in one
year.
These fowls do exceedingly we'll in
confinement or on range \ small
fence, four feet high, will keep them
confined. In some localities they are
especially desirable as capons. The
females weigh from eight 10 10
pounds. and the males from 10 to
y pounds, though many exceed this
weight. Some breeders claim that
it takes about IS months for the
male to attain full development.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10

Fowls are heir 20 almost as many
diseases as We humans. II is not gem
orally known that they contract tu-
berculosis, but they do. Fortunately.
10 is an uncommon disease. Il is
however. a highly contagious all
ment. and for that reason poultry
raisers should get acquainted with
its symptoms. and learn how 10 pre-
vent its spread.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10

A Pennsylvania has invented a
portable developing cabinet for
photographers which folds fat for
carrying and into which a man can
insert his arms through light ugh.
sleeves
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10

Many poultry breeders have
bat one idea OF breeding -that OF
mating males and females. re-
eardless OF type, strain. variety,
prolidcneSs or relationship. Soon
er or later such matings prove OF
little value 20 their owner. In
next weeks article some OF these
facts and fallacies are discussed.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10
TO PREVENT THE GRIP

Colds cause GrIp-I.aNarive Bromo
Quinine removes cause. There is only
one "BrOmo Quinine" +. ". Grove s.
signature on box, 25c.-Ad-.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-03-10
SIS IN FOWLS-TTS
SYMPTOMS AND TRANSMISSION
Differs in Minor Details From
Other Forms of This Dis
ease, But 1t Should be
Guaranteed How tn e
Germs are Spread-TeStS
TO Prove the Existence Of
the Disease.
BY DIR. b. +. Kaupp.

Poultry Investigator and Patholosist
for the United States Department
Of Agriculture.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1917-08-23
RICHMOND.

Five valuable cows owned by L. A.
Johnson were killed by lightning during
Thursday nights thunder storm. and
one of c. b. Bardley's herd.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Towers of Chi
cago are visiting at the home of his par
ents Mr.. and Mrs. p. l.. Towers.-Mrs
Lucins Ellis suffered a stroke of paralysis
soon after she returned from Church
Sunday morning and Is In a critical con-
ditton.-G A., Edwards returned Tuesday
evening from Lake Sunapee. N. H., where
he has been the guest of his daughter,
Mrs.Albert Chandler for several days
The Misses Dema and Beatrice Bostwick
of Boston are spending a two weeks
vacation at the Richmond Hotel.-Miss
Nettie Ellis returned Monday evening
from Brattleboro where she has been the
guest Of her sister Mrs. Micott.-Miss
Mollie Lamris has returned from a few
days stay in Boston.-Mrs. Harry Bessitt
and Miss Fannie Davis visited friends
In Hinesburg Tuesday.-Mrs. Anna Gil
lette has returned from few days stay
at Lake Sunapee. N. H.-Mrs. John
Kennedy has returned from Enosburg
where she has been visiting her son.-Mr
and Mrs. Il. l.. Freeman have returned
from ten days stay In Burlington
There was large attendance at ths
lawn party and dance given for the
benefit Of the Red Cross Tuesday evening
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1917-08-23
FRANKLIN COUNTY
FRANKLIN.

The Red Cross has made for the SOL
diers the following articles: Three dozen
comfort bags with housewife; dozen
pajamas; dozen surgical shirts; dozen con-
valescent gowns; dozen knitted wash
cloths; dozen fracture pillows. and dozen
bed socks.-Mrs Agnes Newton of Georgia.
who with her daughter. has been visiting
her sister, Mrs. s. p. Truax. died very
suddenly at the latter's home Friday after
noon. A st. Adams ambulance came for
the body Friday night. Mrs. Newton ia
survived by three sons and two daugh-
ters.-Mr. and Mrs. Dow Butler of South
Burlington and Mrs. Carrie Gebhart OF
New York are visiting friends here for a
few days.-Fred Baker Of Montclair. NJ j.,
who has been a guest of Paul Gates for
. few days. returned home Friday.-Dur'
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1917-08-23

family from the farm in the near future.
Peter Paddock has purchased the place
Just above the DR.. A. l.. Bingham land
on the hill road and is moving In this
week.-The church band of little folks are
to have picnic In Chittenden park this
week Wednesday II its n good day.--Mrs.
Will Metcalf and daughter, Mrs. Bertha
Metcalf Oatman from New Jersey are
stopping few days In their old home
Mrs. Sarah Leaf is the guest of her
daughter Mrs. Hiram Gregory In Burling-
ton.-Mrs Blossom Goodrich was in North
Ferrisburg one day last week.-Master
George Talcott is spending few days
with friends In North Ferrlsburg.