davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-03
In the Country Without Women's Clubs

culture is the one field in which
practically all the women Of Poland
and Galicia are interested. They
seem 20 know instinctiveiy how to
manage their farms and fields and
gardens.
The peasant women. Of course,
are accustomed from early child
hood 70 work in the fields. During
the blowing, planting and harvesting
seasons, the whole family betakes
itself to the fields early in the morn
ing and remains there AT work un-
I'll nighttime, carrying their little
pot of beans along for the midday
meal. The children are obliged 10
attend the village school until they
are IL years Old then, so far as the
state is concerned, their education is
finished. They have their own
small huts and plots Of ground and
work on the estates Of the big land
owners. who pay for their services
| in sacks Of wheat and other such
commodities. as a rule. During the
winter months. when there is no
outdoor work 20 be done, the wOm-
en- are busy with their embroidery.
They not only make the linen which
they embrOider. but they plant the
hemp and raise ii. as well. Every
little girl is taught 10 make and
adorn her own costumes. and the
peasant garb of this part OF Europe
is gay and colorful, for the national
costume is still worn.
"As for community interests.
these have not yet been much devel-
oped; there are almost none at all,
except for the folk dancing on the
village green and the pilgrimages.
both of which are interesting 10 look
upon. The motion picture theater.
however, has invaded many Of the
villages.
AS for the servant problem, there
is no such thing in Poland or Cali
cia: the laws protect alike mistress
es, maids, and men servants. The
one cannot discharge the other for a
mere whim; nor can . servant leave
| without similar notice-three
months is the usual time set. Ser
wants and their children who follow
in their footsteps. remain in the
| service of the same families for
generations. When a man marries,
his employer provides him with
little house and a small plot of land
where he may have a garden, and,
also. in addition to his small salary,
with a certain amount of wood each
year Then he can raise cows and
pigs and cLicSens on his own place.
II he chooses. as we'll as vegetable
for his family. There is no such
system Of certain days or afternoons
off duty. as in America; each SER
want does his work and. when that
is done. goes home, or does what he
chooses There is a close bond be-
tween masters and servants in that
country, a love and a loyalty not
! found as a rule where domestic
helpers are of the transient class.
Being good servants is a business or
profession, perhaps with a certain
part Of the population of these coun-
tries.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-03
Woman and Man In War Times

Since the modern woman in her
patriotic love of her country has set
out to take mans place in war times
these so-called man only" jobs
have become fewer and fewer. Her
invasion OF certain fields of industry
better suited TO man than woman
has given rise TO much indignant
protests and the question is, Why
will they let big strapping able
bodied men wait table in restaurants
and hotels and force some delicate
woman to don overalls for work in
repair shop?
Nothing has been said Of woman
taking mans place in this line of
work and yet that would seem to be
the one place in which she would
qualify. 1t is her work and not that
of a husky man who could get out
and farm, run an engine or work in
a repair shop without injuring his
health in the least.
Man lacks the delicacy and re-
finement of a woman and does not
have that finer sense TO make things
attractive for the mere hungry Gus
toner. The efficiency of the woman
in such capacity can be proved any
day by visit TO the tea rooms
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-03
What the Woman Nth the Hoe wN Wear

vegetables for the family supply, an
overall suit is the thing to get.
The sketch shows a suit Of very
practical overalls. This is the kind
that is worn with any separate
blouse, the top OF the overalls being
made in jumper effect. The bloom
ers are roomy and comfortable. They
are gathered at the lower edge and
securely tucked under the tops of
the high lace shoes, which are the
correct shoes to wear for gardening.
No dirt or twigs will get in and
make the feet uncomfortable when
the boomers are arranged in this
way with the shoes laced up over
them.
Some Overalls are made all in one
with waist and sleeves sewed I'm.
forming a complete costume which
eliminates the necessity OF wearing
a waist underneath. This style is
preferred by some women.
The overalls illustrated have been
adopted by the National American
Woman suffrage association whose
members use them in the agricul-
tural department.
There is a growing demand for
overalls for women since the agri-
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-03
Supply and Demand Together

Reciprocity seems 10 be the watch
word in business methods among the
more progressive types today. This is
strikingly illustrated in the case of
dealers in typewriters Of all kinds.
You must find this an interesting
part Of your work" remarked the
writer to q. manager OF one of these
establishments recently, upon MOTTO
ing the large number of young peo-
pie standing near a desk, waiting in
line TO speak with the pleasant faced
attendant.
Yes, and IL is a large part Of our
work in the office. too" he respond
ed. I'VE charge nothing for our
services. but there are some condi-
tiOns which we stipulate. For in
stance. we never send out a candi-
date for a position as stenographer
unless we have tested her in our
class room. in one or more Of the
daily tests which we conduct. We
grade them according TO speed and
spelling into three classes. Those
about 90 we put into our first class.
Each applicant fills out card stat
ing experience. training. and place Of
residence. These we further fill in
with our own grade.
I'VE have regular staff Of people
who gather facts regarding the en-
ployers who call up for stenogra-
hpers. and these are kept on file by
the woman who places the girls. We
never send any candidate where we
do not know the conditions. In this
way we safeguard them. There are
two girls at the telephone all day.
taking calls. If the person calling is
on out list, the manager looks over
the cards and decides upon a suit
able person for the place. and then
he sends for her TO come to him. If
it is a rush call for temporary extra
help, we have stenographers on our
list who prefer this kind of work.
They are unusually quick and adapt
i've, and earn more than the regular
stenographers. or IL may be some
applicant. who wants TO take this
way to get her experience. whom we
send.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-03

Women's clubs are practically un-
known. and so are suffrage activi-
ties and servant problems in Galicia
and Poland. according 10 a woman
who has recently returned from
spending much time in those cOun-
tries. All development is along ar
tistic lines, she says, for the women
there have much natural talent for
music. both instrumental and vocal
for painting and for poetry The
modern woman who takes up music
or acting as a profession has a high
standard before her. She does not
adopt her career merely as means
of earning a living. but with the in
tention OF becoming as great an ar
list as possible.
The woman Of gentle birth in
Galicia." 50 Mrs. T. ID. NJ. Cardesa
said. lis not interested in clubs.
found that out by trying to start
sort OF artistic or literary society. in
which they would review and dis
cuss. books and plays. Nor viii they
consider going into business. as so
many American women are doing
these days Such a career as that
they consider almost vulgar. Neither
do they care 10 study 20 be lawyers.
for example. II you were 20 find a
woman lawyer there, you might be
pretty sure that there was some
thing American about her; either
she would be partly American her
self. or would have been educated
cr trained for her profession i'm the
United States. When a woman Of the
artistocracy seeks 20 earn her own
living. she prefers 10 earn it as a
companion, or governess. or in some
other such manner.
The Polish woman surpasses
many other women Of Europe in her
eagerncss to educate herself. or so Z
seems 10 me-" Mrs Cardesa con-
tinued, particularly those of what
is generally known as the middle
class. The girls almost invariably
go 10 the universities and nearly all
OF them speak English and French
in addition 10 their own language.
The trouble is that they do not, as
rule, know what TO do with their
excellent educatiOns. after they have
acquired them. With the compile
ton OF their studies. their develop
ment seems TO stop. They have had
10 practical training. They are great
philosophers and brilliant converse
tionalists, can talk well on almost
any subject. but they are not taught
10 think cOnstructively. 20 plan re-
forms, for instance. and TO go ahead
and take steps 10 bring them about.
They will arrange enormous and
beautiful garden parties and gOr-
geous bazars, and collect money
for causes or plans in which they
are interested. but will turn the
funds over 20 some one else 20 dis
burse. But. n one Of their number
does try 10 go into business. she is
spoken OF rather disapprovinSly as
ma MY
Hardly a woman i'm the land is
10 be found without an artistic
kink of some kind. and such talents,
however. they do not hesitate TO use
I'm public. And they are respected
and protected in such careers. Agri-
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-03

ing 20 overalls for performing the
rough duties about the house. When
used for this purpose, they are usu-
ally made up I'm the lighter mater
ials such as percale, chambray and
Bingham.
Ward on Freckles With a Sun-hat!
While women are cultivating the
soil. they surely do not want TO be
cultivating freckles as well. so the
gardening outfit is not really COM
plete without a sun-hat or a sun
bonnet 10 protect the head. An ex-
cellent type Of sun-hat with a brim
which may be rolled up or down is
shown with the overalls illustrated.
This is just as essential TO the gar
dener as the hoe, rake or spade, not
10 mention the important overalls.
The overalls and hat are usually
made Of the same material. and one
Of the most practical materials 10
use is khaki or heavy khaki-colored
materials. This color is the best to
use for the obvious reason that it
does not show the dirt as much as
any other. Women's overalls are
also made up in blue jean that prac-
teal fabric which has always been
used for mems overalls.
Another very practical costume in
use now for outdoor work consists
Of a tailored shirtwaist and a short
khaki skirt with boomers and de-
tachable leggings. The illustration
above shows this costume. The
waists are made Of heavy linen, per-
Gale, madras, poplin and all practi-
cal shifting materials. The skirts
are provided with large pockets, not
merely a fashion feature, but de-
cidedly unitarian.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-03
practical waist.

When we talk of overalls, how
ever, il does not mean that we must
give up all those fascinating sum-
mer clothes we have been planning
to wear just as soon as the weather
would be warm enough 10 allow us
TO indulge in them. For, of course,
there will still be times 10 dance,
and then we shall wear those raw
ishing frocks of net and organdy,
chiffon and tulle, and those other
airy nothings which are so necessary
to the happiness of women. Then,
too. there will come the times TO
play when we shall reveal in those
wonderfully attractive sports clothes
with gay striped and plaid skirts and
the smart belted MILDLY blouses.
But, to go back 10 the overalls.
Whether women are really going TO
devote a great deal of time TO farm
ing in earnest, or whether they are
simply going TO cultivate the small
plot i'm the back yard 10 raise the
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-03

We carefully follow up the work
Of the candidates, They are required
10 report every week for a month,
and we encourage them TO tell US OF
conditions If the employers are not
keeping their agreement, we drop
them from our lists. Employers oft
en- come here 10 interview the can
didates. IL is a free bureau, and Oft
en- saves the workers from losing a
weeks wages TO the shark agencies.
We get. of course our return. The
stenographers are our best adver-
tisers. although we place many.
many candidates where our machine
is not used, and from when we get
not a return. We get the return.
however. from these acts Of kind
ness. Business is everywhere going
more and more over TO the side of
generous helpfulness.
Anything that helps TO make so
useful and necessary a class OF
workers as stenographers better is
bound to react on all business. We
give them a great deal of free in
ST. Iction. Where we find one who
needs special help. we are often
able TO bring up her speed and gen
eral intelligence so that she is able
to take a good position eventually.
We have many interesting human
e experiences with the candidates, and
some of them come TO us year after
year. Some climb high in the work.
and their appreciation of the start
which we gave them is reward
enough for the effort on our part, il
no other return came. There is no
need for girls or boys 10 get into the
clutches OF some Of the employment
sharks, if they would utilize these
free bureaus found in every city of
any size in the country. Faithful
reporting each day until they secure
a place will help them and us. and
insure a place much more quickly
Parents could help much by cooper
ating with us in getting girls TO come
regularly, and TO put in their spare
moments in keeping up their speed
on the machines which are always
free to the public"
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-03

NEW YORK, June 3.-The fami-
liar. age-old saying tells US there is
a time for everything, and just now
there is no doubt that the time has
come 20 shoulder the hoe and cult
vate the land Women as we'll as
men are joining the great army of
the soldiers OF the soil for which the
country calls, for this is one Of the
ways in which we are urged to do
our bit" in giving helpful service.
Women who are seriously taking
20 farming and gardening have had
10 decide on suitable clothes 10 work
in. They have adopted practical
overalls and simple uniforms con-
sisting OF a short skirt and a plain,
practical waist
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-03

where only women and young girls
are employed. The size Of the Gus
toners tip here does not govern
the service he gets.
Il think there should be a law
compelling hotel and restaurant
owners to employ only girls and
women in these times of war" one
professional man said. This would
force the men to take up the harder
work and in the end would be more
economical because it would event
ually do away with tipping. The
woman would be serving her coun-
try just as truly as If she was TO
take up some OF the labor the men
beyond military age could do even
TO better advantage.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-03
A PLANT THAT PLAYS VASE.


A plant that may be used as a
vase for cut flowers is one of the
odd things shown by florists this
spring. It's name is pihlbersia and
it comes from South America. Some
speak of il colloquially as a pitcher
plant, for its vase-shaped leaves
may be kept filed with water and
used as containers for cut flowers.
When II is at home in its own land.
the rains and the dew keep it per-
petually fun Of water. Here in the
north, however. where il is not an
outdoor plant, it must be watered
like any other house plant and a
little water poured into the vase
like leaves as often as every other
day. once a year the pihlbergia,
which belongs 10 the orchid family.
produces a lovely blossom of its
own; at other times, cut flowers of
any sort may be put into its leaves.
The florists say that such flowers
Will last longer than those kept in
ordinary vases, because of the po-
rousness of the leaves of this grow
ing plant which allows them TO
breathe. This is certainly an inter
esting plant, for it lends itself to
such a variety of decorations. One
day your friends may come in and
find it apparently poisoning forth
in pink sweet peas. the next day
with red roses and a third with half
a dozen or more different garden or
wild flowers.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-03

cultural field has been opened up to
them as it never has been before;
but not alone for this purpose are
the overalls used. In many factor
les skirts have been discarded and
the women workers have donned
overalls. as they have been found
much more satisfactory than the
handicapping skirt which is often
the cause of accidents.
Women in the home are also TAX
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-03

Rinse the mouth and teeth fire.
quently with a saturated solution
Of boric acid. If a regular brushing
does not keep the acid in the mouth
from forming a crust or deposit on
the teeth go over them once a week
with an orangewood stick and pow
dered pumice. Brush with tooth
powder and rinse the mouth tho
roughly.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-01-19
WHITING CITY.

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The Cordova daily times., 1917-01-03

VALDEZ Jan. 3-phe big fire which destroyed much of the business section of Valdez started o'clock yesterday morning. when strong wind blowing The flames broke out III four different buildings the Golden North hotel Ala meda House, Pnzon and the Ellis block the time the kanz building, where the postofce is located fire started hour later the place being fire inside
 Conservative estimates of the losses are as follows: The Golden North hotel totally destroyed 00O Can auxant $25oo Bm~m~Sor total loss over $1annQ0 Pn2on huidng owned by Al White and occupied by Levy Ross over $o0 Max Schmidt next door Ioss 8O00; cate total los 5000; Love and Whtey building saved but the loss the fixtures and building $ 50O Frye Bun build ing, damaged $500; Empress theatre, total loss $8000
 The Copper Block occupied by the Buffet saoon Owl Drug Store Valdez Drug Store Mrs Winters and two barber shops also suffered slight losses broken windows and other minor damages.
 The United States marshall office has Otto Kan M being suspected of having caused the congaton Kan z succeeded about month ago getting insurance on his building.
 massmeeting of the citizens has been called for tomor- night to take the steps regarding the offering
 reward for the apprehension of the party guilty having fired the town which resulted in such big property loss
 the intention to immediately private detectives busy on the job.
The Cordova daily times., 1917-01-03
| COAL|NG SHIPS RATE OF 1OOO
 TONS HOUR

ANCON, c. Z., Jan. 3. - A record for quick coaling has ben made by the new coaling plant at the Panama canal at the Atlantic terminus. It recently delivered APO tons of coal into the bunkers of a ship and sent her about her business in 24 minutes, and that too, with the use of only one of the four loading towers with which the plant Is equipped. This single con veyor was handling coal at the rate of l,042 tons an hour.
 There is practically never a ship comes to the plant which can take coal as fast as the plant can deliver it, The conyeyors have to be stopped re- peatedly to allow the coal to he trim med evenly in the bunkers. For naval purposes the plant was designed to have an overall handling capacity of 1000 tons an hour for an indefinite run. and be capable Of speeding up to 2,400 tons an hour in emergencies. Tests for this capacity have been run, and the plant has been found to ex' ceed requirements slightly.
The Cordova daily times., 1917-01-03
OUR RELATIONS WITH MEXICO GROWING JNFRIENDIY Y
TWO MINERS ARE KILLED IN \
 SNOWSL|DE

MCCARTHY, Jan. 3. - James Bar. clay, better known as Jimmy the Bear" and Axel Hermann, who were engaged in doing the annual assess ment work for the Bonanza Gold Min ing Company, on their claims on Carthey mountain, near here, met with an untimely death. They were caught in snowslide and instantly killed. The bodies are being brought here.
 Mir. Barclay had been a resident of this part of Alaska for the past eigh. teen years, and was we'll known by all the old-tlmers. He enjoyed the dis unction of being the only man to cross the glacier from Yakata to Kataila, which he accomplished fourteen years ago Most of his time was spent in prospecting and he was one of the original locators of Mckinley lake. owning an interest in the gold quartz properties there at the time of his death. Deceased was about 65 years of age.
 Mr. Herman was a foreman on the Copper River X Northwestern railway during the construction days. but since then has been engaged in mining and was one of the stockholders in the Bonanza Gold Mining Company. He was about 40 years of age.
The Cordova daily times., 1917-01-03
ROCKS SUBMERGED
 DANGEROUS

WASHINGTON. Jan. ?. - In urging increased appropriations for the Uni ted States coast and geodetic survey, F. Lester Jones. superintendent of that branch of the government ser vice. points out fin his annual report that the survey work bears close relation to national defence and that his department is cooperating with the navy.
 The two new vessels which he asks for the surveys Alaska work are to be built in accord with the navys views and in time of war would become ma val auxiliaries. The same holds true of launches which he asks for wire drag operations in northern waters.
 That the coast and geodetic survey in its plans for survey work, for new vessels and for keeping all its float ing equipment in service the year around has carefully considered the problem of national defence is brought out by the report in striking form Jones calls attention to the fact that the navy. the first hope of defence. is dependent on the surveys for the safe navigation of its ships.
 "The general board of the navy has given consideration to the use of wire