davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1917-08-02
Order
Address

OluCL
Address No.
Mckenzie, N. D. |
Wing, N. D. 2
Cor 9Th and Front Bismarck, n d. 3
:95 East Rose St., S: Paul. Mimi, 4
4O2 End st., Bismarck, N. D. 5
3O7 Front St., Bismarck, n. d. 6
Regan, NJ d. 7
300 Sth St., Bismarck, N. D. 8
Gen. DEL, Bismarck, N. D. 8
MenOken, N. d. 10
21S Sth St., Bismarck, N. D. II
Regan, N. d. 12
Bismarck, N. D. 13
Wilson, Wis. IA
Menoken. N. D. Is
Baldwin, n d. 16
}13 Thayer st., Bismarck, n d. II
Wilton, N. D. 49,
Wing, N. D. 10
Wilton, N. D. 20
62l 9Th St.. Bismarck, n. D. 21
Baldwin, n. D. %
ia Main St. Bismarck, N. D. %
Wilton, n. D. "a
Drackville, Ind. %
515 Thayer St., Bismarck, N. D. 26
$40 9th St.. bismarck, N. d. 27
Regan, N. d. 2S
400 18th st., Bismarck, N. D. 20
Wing, N. D. 80
Menoken, n. D. 81
Maza, n. D. 50
Wishek, y. D. 333
6 Main St., Bismarck, N. D. "a
Baldwin, N. D. 35
Bismarck, N. D. 30
21S Sth St., Bismarck, n. D. 81
415 Sth St., Bismarck, N. d. 80
Regan, n. D. 80
Baldwin, N. D. 40
Wing, n. d. Al
Wilton, N. D. AZ
Eegan. N. D. 43
21 7th St. Bismarck, n. D.. ~
Rosser and 2lst, Bismarck. n. D. 43
Baldwin. N. d. 46
Bismarck, y. D. Al
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1917-08-02
ADVANCE ON BUkOWlNA

Berlin, Aug. 2. - Austro-Germar
troops have made further advance
in BukOwina and are now stahuins
before Kimpolung. says today's army
headquarters announcement.
The Russian Carpathian forces are
now in retreat between the Pruth anC
kelmen Mountains the statement re
ports.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1917-08-02
SLAV WOMEN:
WOULD RECRUIT
MONSTER ARM !

Petrograd, Aug 2.-As the result
of the heroic conduct at the front
of Mrs. Vera Butchkareff's female
battalion, the movement for the Gre
alton of a great women's army is
progressing throughout Russia like
Wildfre
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1917-08-02
CLAIM VICTORY

Berlin, Aug 2-The battle line in
Flanders has been moved forward as
the result of successful counter at
tacks. army headnuarters announced
today. The hostile attacking forces
effected no gains and suffered heavy
losses it is declared.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1917-08-02
TO PROLONG WAR.

London, Aug. 2-"Looking from the
broadcast aspect that the events of the
last fortnight in Russia" said Major
General Frederick Maurice. chief di
rector of military operations at the
war Office, in his talk today to the AS
sociated Press, "it will necessarily
mean prolongation of the war. We
cannot longer count on any great ma
terial assistance from Russia. This
means a greater burden on the other
entente allies, and for the United
States it means that she must come
into the field as soon as possible and
with the greatest possible force"
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1917-08-02

Serial
No. Name.
25S Felix Orlando
458 Carl Lewis Hagen,
1896 Lewis Thompson
S54 Charles Anderson,
1898 Clark Miller Fadden,
1455 Fred l.. Arndt,
7S3 Henry Danielson,
1852 Dewitt j. Parrish,
I'LL Julius Albert Heyer,
1872 Ralph Moore,
174S Eric Junnar OstbOn,
S37 Martin Strand,
337 Arthur James Morris,
G76 Henry ARTHUR Heider,
275 Clifford Stephen Craven.
500 Conrad e. LARSON,
1885 Walter A. Sather,
564 Richard Francis Anderson,
945 Tiderman r. Brunnick,
59G Simon Peter Olson,
1867 William M. Murnane,
53G William August Larson,
1895 Ray G.. Dorland,
54S Carl Verne Erickson,
1876 Ed. Dietz, S{s5 saA
1879 Frank A.. Eernisse, ksi2 +,
1237 Hans Garness,S Il ~ Z
7S4 Charles Harry Davenport,
1882 Jesse F.. Miller,
1888 Jacob Wagner,
1O7 John Orlando Welch,
1916 Roy Kroll,
1863 Leo A. Myers,
1859 Henry J. Johnson,
GIG Joe Sorth,
373 John Fred GARNER,
1876 Harold G. Carlson,
1866 Frank B. Montgomery,
IT'S Floyd Samson Allison,
4SG George Frederick Nelson.
G92 Rudolph G. Miller,
600 Mile Pony Kovich,
$40 Harry Ernest Knddson,
1899 Max II. Kuckuk,
1852 William S. Ferry,
5O7 George l.. Larson,
800 John Gable, Jr.,
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1917-08-02
PROHIBIT EXPORTS

Stockholm, Aug. 2.-New regula-
tions prohibiting exports were issued
by the Swedish government today.
They cover long list Of articles, the
most important being provisions.
The purpose of the new prohibition
evidently is to prevent brass, lead,
copper, nickel and other base metals
leaving the country
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1917-08-02
HA|C.PE1A|N
OFFENSIVE IS
PROGRESSING
Situation Virtually Unchanged
Say Official Reports on Big
Drive
GERMAN PRISONERS APPEAR
DETECTED OVER OUTLOOK
Mere Boys Captured in Trenches
Show Lack of Sta
nina

AMERICANS PLAY PART.
British Front il France, Aug. 2.
America played small, but i'm.
portant part in; the battle Of
Flanders. A mum Der Of American
surgeons, who were brought to
the front from the base hospital,
worked side by side with their
British allies in caring for the
wounded.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1917-08-02
AMERICAN SCHOONER SUNK

London, Aug. THE American
schooner John Hammond has been
sunk by gunfire Of German subma-
rines All the members of the schoon-
erS crew were saved.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1917-08-02

Butte. Mont, Aug. 2.-While Butte
"slept on it's arms last night, follow.
ing the lynching yesterday Of Frank
Little, |. w. w. leader, the night
passed without outward signs of vio'
lelce
Th"oats were made that further
lynchings would take place, and EN-
ployes, miners and leaders, and police
officials have taken steps to operate
against a continuance of any disor.
ders.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1917-08-02
PREPARE FOR TROUBLE,

Virginia, Mimi, Aug. 2.-The hang
ing at Butte, Mont, of Frank Little,
I. w. w. agitator, who was ringleader
in mine and mill strikes in Virginia
last year, startled the |. w. w. and a
repetition of last years labor trou-
bles is feared by range authorities.
Sheriff Manning of st. Louis county
has 250 newly sworn deputies ready
to proceed at the first outbreak of
trouble
The home guard company officials
today announced that rifles and am
munitiOn would be furnished the
range home guar das soon as trans
portation can be arranged.
The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1917-08-02

(COntinued on Page Three)
The Jasper news., 1917-10-18
Where Croesus Cashed
His Checks -
lcVELrffRE ftLlscHhv 60S7c1N Z1sHM5c7heD

Noquadays, Suhen everyone Is
adiured to sdve every spare
dollar for the rainy day. It Is
interesting TO knoeu ho4U rich
and poor of ancient times con
dscted their banks and banking
The Jasper news., 1917-10-18
Wanted Il Cut Down.
CURES THE SICK

Mrs. Stickitt lady notorious for
her saving habits, one morning entered
the doctors office, leading by the hand
n stouter built boy nine years of age
and of exceedingly healthy appear
ance.
"Well, Mrs. Stickitt," said the doc
tor, who's my patient? 1 don't seem
to recognize his face. Not village
boy, is he?"
mo, doctor; my nevvy from town"
"Not much wrong with him, should
say" laughed the doctor, pinching his
red cheeks.
ITS about his appetite DOCTOR" said
the boys aunt in low TINE.
"What?" exclaimed the doctor, star
Ing at the wel-fed young patient.
surely he doesn't need an appetizer?"
Good gracious, no, doctor!" replied
the lady, in Mortified accents. II want
you to give me something to make his
appetite less. He'll cat me out of
house afore his months holiday Is up
If his appetite amt cut down."
The Jasper news., 1917-10-18
Don't Neglect Kidneys
Swamp Root, DR.. Kilmer's Prescrip-
ton, 0vercomeS Kidney Trouble

1t is now conceded by physicians that
the kidneys should have more attention
is they control the other organs to re-
markable degree and do a tremendous
amount of work in removing the poisons
and waste matter from the system by
altering the blood.
The kidneys should receive some as
sistance when needed. We take less e1-
ercise, drink less water and often eat
more rich, heavy food, thereby forcing
the kidneys to do more work than nature
intended Evidence of kidney trouble,
such as lame back, annoying bladder
troubles, smarting or burning, brick
dust or sediment, sallow complexion,
rheumatism, maybe weak or irregular
heart action, warns you that your kid
neys require help Immediately to avoid
more serious trouble.
An ideal herbal compound that has had
most remarkable success as kidney and
bladder remedy is DIR. Kilmer's Swamp
Root. There is nothing else like it. 1t
is DR.. Kilmer's prescription used in pri-
vate practice and it is sure to benefit you
Get bottle from your druggist.
However, if you wish first to test this
great preparation send ten cents to DR..
Kilmer & Co., Binghamton, N. Y, for a
sample bottle. When writing be sure and
mention this paper. Adv.
The Jasper news., 1917-10-18
Ancient Greek EeaSLH-l

vaults were possessed by many banks.
The first public safe deposit vaults
in the United States were built in 1865
for Col. Francis n. jerks and were
located at 1902 Broadway, New York.
The lowest rental charged for these
vaults was $50 a year. Two years
later Col. Henry Lee built the Union
safe deposit vaults, the first of their
kind in Boston, at 40 State street
In 1871 there were six safe deposit
companies in the country.
At first only small part Of the pub
lie appreciated its need for the pro-
lection offered by these fireproof
vaults. But the great Boston fire Of
1872 proved an impressive object les
son. Guarded by troops, the Union
safe deposit vaults were center Of
excitement. Frantic box-holders,
alarmed by the humiliation of prop
erty on every side, had to be forcibly
restrained from taking possession Of
their valuables. After the fire was
over 1t was found that properly con-
structed vaults preserved their con-
tents unframed, while safes of the
very best make could offer no effectual
resistance to the fire. This conclusion
has been confirmed by every great fire.
notably the fires of Baltimore and San
Francisco.
The structural strength of safe de.
post vaults has been gradually in.
creased to a point exceeding all DOS.
sible demands upon #. A vault made
of solid plates of manganese several
inches thick and nine feet square, so
hard that 1t cannot be machined once
1t is cast, is encased in concrete wall
two feet thick. The vnult rests upon
foundation especially prepared for II
and is usually so constructed as to be
entirely separate from the walls, floor
and ceiling of the building In which
1t stands, so that 1t may be patrolled
on all sides by watchmen who are on
duty day and night. The structure
Of steel has thick double doors with
complicated locks of which only one
person knows the secret, or the secret
may be divided between two or more
persons, no one having the entire com
blnation. The inner door Is provided
with lock set on diHerent combiha'
ton from the outer and known only to
another person or set OF persons and
this will work only upon the running
down of clockwork mechanism at Q
certain prearranged time Thus at leas,
two responsible persons are required
to open the vault, ana they cannot 40
1t between time OF closing ana that sci
for opening.
The Jasper news., 1917-10-18
Wonderful Cow,

According to this advertisement in
a Connecticut paper there Is a COW
In New England which is possessed or
rare accomplishments.
"Wanted-A steady, respectable
young man to look after garden and
care for COW who has a good voice
and Is accustomed to sing in the
choir"
The Jasper news., 1917-10-18

4 YER since man began to col
~ lect gold and Jewels he has
liz been engaged In designing
~ and building strong boxes
In which to keep them safe
J ly. Designing persons are
elwavs trying to secure what
The Jasper news., 1917-10-18

it is."-MRs. KARL A. KIEso, 500 North Ave. Aur
The Jasper news., 1917-10-18
Luck.

"Are you superstitious?"
81 believe some men are luckier than
others. But 1 never in my life met
one who would own up that he was
lucky. So what's the differenceT
The Jasper news., 1917-10-18
Subsidized.

Mrs. Townley-What! You pay
girl ten dollars week to cook for
you?
Mrs. Subbubs-Not exactly. We pay
her four dollars for cooking; the other
six dollars are for staying.
The Jasper news., 1917-10-18
HNediciine
forNomen
For Forty Years Lydia E. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound has Relieved
the Sufferings of Women.

1t hardly possible that there is woman in this
country who continues to suffer without giving Lydia E.
Pinkhams Vegetable Compound trial after all the evil
dence that is continually being published proving beyond
contradiction that this grand old medicine has relieved
more suffering among women than any other medicine in
the world.
NIrs.Ix iesnC nredA Seven l,s Dlness
The Jasper news., 1917-10-18

The fewer creditors a man has the
easier 1t is for him to look the world
In the face.
The Jasper news., 1917-10-18
Not AIwavs.

"Talk is cheap"
'Not when it's love talk with wit
ness handy"
The Jasper news., 1917-10-18

ts--NlNs hAkL A. h1Eso, 5g6 North Ave, AuTora III
Could Hardly Get Off Her Bed.
Cincinnati, Ohio-I to know the good Lydia
hams Vegetable Compound has done for such bad
health from female troubles that could hardly get off bed
had doctorng for time and mother said
Lydia Phkhams Vegetable Compound So did, and
has certainly made well lam able to do my house
and happy expected around the do again.
and others know what Lydia E. Pnkams Vegetable
Compound CoPNER Ave,
Fairmount, Cincinnati, Ohio
special advice write Lydia E.
confdentaD Lynn Mass Your letter will opened
The Jasper news., 1917-10-18

Aurora, Il.-"For seven long months suffered
from female trouble, with severe pains in my back
and sides until l became so weak could hardly
would jump at the slightest noise. was entirely
unfit to do my house work, was giving up hope of
ever being we'll, when my sister asked me to try
Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound. took
lido my own Homework. I wish every suffering
woman would try Lydia E. Pinkhams Vegetable
compound, and find out for herself how good
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07
FOR SALE-REAL ESTATE

FOR SALE.-20 acres lucern land
near town. See George A. Millett
City.-Adv.-tf.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07
SAHARA

Sahara, Utah, Sept. 5, 1917.
James A. Baker spent Sunday with
homefolks.
Mr.. Jack Rinckhoff returned from
Los Angeles recently.
- y
Miss Boothrod and Miss Florence
Goulding were in Sahara on business
Monday.
Messrs. Johnson, Markwith and
George Griffin made business trip to
Modena Monday,
Mr.. and Mrs A. +. Markwith and
Mr.. Bryant Hedrick visited at the
Pete Corn home Sunday.
Il y
Mr.. Edwin Butts was visiting with
friends in Sahara Sept. LIST. He was
present at the club meeting Saturday
night
II *
Mr., Clifton Phillips and Mr., Bryant
Hedrick We're sight seeing in Salt
Lake City Tuesday and Wednesday of
last week.
r. Il
The next regular meeting of the
Sahara Civic Center will be held Sep
TENDER 10Th at the school house. Ev-
erybody welcome,
y 4
Children's voices again mingle in
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07
DIRECTOR NATIONAL
PARKS SEES ZION

Horace Marden Albright, acting
director Of National Park Service,
U. s. Department of the Interior, in
company with Douglas White, indus
trial agent of the Salt Lake Rout,
were in Cedar City today on their re-
turn from Zion Canyon national mon
ument While this is the first visit of
Mr.. Albright to the Canyon, and the
time given to viewing the canyon was
limited to a little less than a day, he
returns enthusiastic over the wonder
full scenery, and states that the peo-
pie in Washington and the eastern
part of the United States haven't the
faintest idea Of what the monument
is like, or they would be crazy over it.
He says that the only drawback is the
condition of the road, which is the
worst between this place and Lund,
and that the people ought to get busy
and help get these approaches to-
the canyon in better condition.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07
RECEIPTS OF SEWER
FOREST ARE S1S,996.14
Major Portion is Paid by Live Stock
Owners for Grazing Permits
How Money is Expended.

Panguitch, Utah, August 14.-The
net receipts for the Sewer Forest dur
ing the fiscal year ending June 80,
1917, amounted to $18,996.14. OF this
amount the sum of $15,793,41 was
paid in by the stock men for grazing
privileges; $3,01i.21 was received for
the sale of timber, and s203.44 from
special privileges. $3.50 of the total
receipts reverts to Garfield, Iron and
Piute counties in which the Sewer
Forest is situated for roads and
schools.
The total amount expended by the
Sewer Forest for it's administration
and improvements during the fiscal
year was $14,335.00. OF this amount
81 10000 was for salaries and ST.
633.00 was for forest improvements
and miscellaneous expenses. The av-
erage monthly payroll and a very
large part of the miscellaneous expen-
ses is spent in Panguitch, Parowan,
Cedar City and other towns adjoining
the forest. In addition to the above
the forest service expended $4,000 in
the eradication of larkspur on cattle
range, and more than 100000 in
making grazing reconnaissance Of
the forest.
The average monthly payroll, ex-
elusive of the reconnaissance crew and
larkspur diggers, was approximately
100000.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07
FOR Observation-Disclosures

FRESH BUTTER, twice week
at Richard Williams 5. -Adv.-tf.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07

FOR SALE.-Extra good pair of
young mares about thirteen hundred
pounds, and good big freight team
j. David Leigh, Lund, Utah.-Adv-4w.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07

CHOICE PEACHES, now ripe, at
Wicks' Farm, Leeds, Utah, We are
prepared to load ton of peaches in
two hours.-J. M. Moody -Adv.-tf.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07
SNa2 Q G7ES Q g.
NZ>SSoE 2

the air. School started August 81,
with Mr.. Bush of Prout as teacher
It is pleasant sight to see the child
rem busy with their games while "Old
Glory" floats high over their heads as
if to guard each child.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07
MISCELLANEOUS

We are prepared to saw your wood.
Get your permit and leave your or
ders with II. II. Lunt at the Mercan-
tile and we will do the rest, All or
ders filled on short notice. Eddards
g. Sons.-advt. If
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07

Children's voices again mingle in
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07
LUND

Lund, Utah, Sept. 6, 1917.
Mr.. Frank Bremen is busy moving
to Lund, where he will make his win
ter quarters.
Mrs. s. C. Burkholder made a short
visit in Cedar with her son Carl and
family, and witnessed the farewell to
our soldier boys.
We need rain very bad just now.
What crops the farmers have are
burning up-that is to say, what the
rabbits did not get.
Mrs. Mary Houchen came out to
visit her daughter, Jennie Rockoff, the
fore part Of this week, and attend the
farewell party at the Carter Hotel.
n II
A number of the settlers about
Lund are driving for water, and some
good wells have been obtained, the
Hunt well, however being the best yet
struck.
The school house is being repainted
and gotten ready for school which will
on September 10th with Miss Eliza
Haight as teacher. We hope she will
do her duty by the children
II II
Mrs. Luella Worthington went to
Cedar City Monday. She said that
the soldiers were treated with the
greatest respect, and that their fare
well will not soon be forgotten.
II n
Merchant II. j. Doolittle has per-
mitted the holding of two dances in
his warehouse recently, the first was
in honor of Oscar Thompson, one of
our soldier boys, at which lunch was
served and water melons. About so
people were present.
II II
Mr.. A. j. Young of Lund has ac-
copied the position on the Salt Lake
Route that was held by Carl Ander-
son, who was killed in Milford by a
gasoline tank exploding. Carl will
long be remembered as he was always
lively and was useful as a musician,
frequently playing for dances here.
II II
The people of Lund gave a social
and musical entertainment at the Car
ter hotel Tuesday evening in honor of
Mr.. Oscar Thompson, who was re-
Gently called to the colors. The re-
ception was nicely arranged and the
music was splendid. There were about
sixty persons present, and everybody
appeared to enter into the spirit of
the occasion and report dandy time.
Mr.. and Mrs. f. l.. Carter gave an
other farewell party for Oscar Thorn
pson Tuesday night at the Carter Ho-
tel. Music, dancing and games were
the order of the evening. A delicious
luncheon was served by the ladies of
Lund. Everyone went home feeling
like they had been well paid. There
were about fifty in attendance. Mr.
Thompson is one of our best young
men and we regret very much to have
him leave us. But the war is calling
our best men from far and near We
hope he will do his duty and we will
have the pleasure of having him with
J 4
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07

LOST.-One work bride near j. M.
Chatterley's farm; also one 6tined
pitchfork, between Cedar and Old
Field. Finder please return to ]. S.
Fife, City.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07

LOST.-One spring cot, between
bud" Leigh's hill and town. Small
reward for fnder.-Omer E. Kaze,-
Adv .-2w.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07
WANTED.

WANT TO BUY 20 acres Primary
Water right, North or Union Field.
j. w. Mendenhall, City.-Adv.-4w.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07
CLASSIFIED ADVS.
LOST, FOUND, ETC.

LOST-Two milk cans between
Cedar City and Enoch. Please phone
CEDAR CITY DRUG CO-Adv.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07

LOST.-On Sept End, side curtain
for Buick Dds auto, between Cedar
and Buckhorn. Finder please notify
ii. C. Bement. Reward Adv -3w.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-09-07

FOR SALE.-Good team, harness
and wagon, also buggy. Inquire of
Walter Lunt, City.-Adv-tf.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1917-05-19

Traveler-Is there water In my room?
Hostler-I guess not. This here hotels
got q new roof Cha parral.
The Twin City star. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1910-19??, 1917-05-19
A SMART (7l NEGRO.

The cunning and criminal Negro
solicitor who can get the money
from the white folks" is generally
hailed as a sort of a hero by OUT
lower element and some of our lead
ers readily extend-the helping hand.
But "the white folks" are learning
that the Negro leader who endorses
these microbes is playing $3.50 and
the game is not so profitable. Few
years ago it was not unusual for an
itinerant gentleman of color to pre-
sent credentials to leading business
men, tho he might be an ex-convict
Some of the preachers here received
their tithes from these hustlers. The
game was played on a large scale
recently. Women of the underworld
posed as church and social workers
by day and would "turn their tricks
by night. Many big night has been
spent in buffet-flats from the pro-
ceeds of charitable donations.