The Alaska citizen., 1917-08-20

many important positions, including terrain west and south ol Hallcz town and strongly defended positions northves, of StantsIau on July Il uuI.cz wtS taken thus smashing the Ausro-German front between Brze- 1auy and The CarpathIans.
 This Russian operation broadcned bg m.dJuIy, 50 tha, 1t extended from the GuH ol Riga to the RoumanIan trout distance Of 500 miles. The Germans were reported 10 be rushing troops from the Italian and French fronts. Widespread enthusiasm was created throughout Russia, and the moral effect on the other entente powers Was tremendous,
 Italy, declaring war against Ger many on August 2S. began a more vigorous prosecution of her earlier offensive against Austria.
 With dramatic swifncss the third army, under the Duke of Nosta, ,tormed and captured Gorizia, hith- orto considered mpregnable By Jan. l the Italians had captureI 1.2oo square miles,
 Alter Winter ol artillery dacls, Italy resumed her offensive or the Carso front in the campaign toward Trieste. Within d month she Aus ran lines were broken from Castag- uav.zza to the sea. Italy inflicted losses of s-oao on tho AustIiars anI lost heavily herself Austrla hun.ed ren.orccmcnts from the Russian front.
 In line rrynuno the Italians took JL, offensive Ill June and after ter riic fighting captured the Austrian positions on Hontc Ortigara and Ag- n,aIo pa7-. These they wrlc forced to rvlinquish, however, in the face of Austrian counter attacks.
 in the Balkans the Years military development saw the occupation of Roumania by the Teutons d gain of great economic value because of the oil and -rain fields, The Rou. manian army. reformed, is co-operat- ng with the Russians.
 Bulgaria won successes of moder- ate importance, including the cap tue Of the Grecjan port of Kavala.
 The newly equipped Serbian army arrived at SaIoniki in August and began an offensive which won Os- troyo, on the road to Monastir This offensive. resumed in the spring with the cooperation of entente and Neni- zeIist troops, won Monasur and Cerna.
 In Greece the military moves Of the entente forces included a block adc of Greece and temporary French occupation of Athens.
 \ brilliant British campaign in Mesopotamia accomplished the cap turr of Kut-ElAmara in February; and of Bagdad terminus of the Der Iin-to-Baglad railway, ill March. I'm capture of Bagdad had u deep moral efIecr in the orient, particularly in Arabia. where many natives reyolted from Turkish rule
 Russians operating in Persia took Hamadan; and further north, in Tur- kish Armenia, Russians captured Van
 In the Holy Land the British op- cned new era in the history of the east. Their advance has carried them nearly to Gaza. Their ob- iecriye is Jerusalem, which the Turks were reported in June to have partly evacuated.
 Except for submarine operations, naval writers have found little to engage their attention during the past year,
 Germany continued to rely on u- boats. This policy led to unrestncl- ed warfare which drew the United States into the conflict.
 U-boats destroyed an estimated gross tonnage of more than 40o0,- 00o during the year. This included 2,ooO, ,O00 flying the British flag sunk from Feb. 25 to July l.
 Americas destroyer flotilla arrived in British waters in May. Without the loss of ship or a man, Amerl- can warships conveyed the first Am erican troops to France, Two sub marine attacks were made on the transports. At least one U-bOat was sunk. American warships took over from British and French vessels the patrol of American coasts. Brazil