The Cook County news-herald. [volume] (Grand Marais, Cook County, Minn.) 1909-current, 1917-06-13
EARTH, sSANl-CLAY AND GRAVEL ROADS

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(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment Of Agriculture)
Wel-balanced and experienced judy
ment regarding the relative Importance
Of the various details involved is a
much more valuable asset in undertake
Ing to locate road than mere techni-
cal skill in handling surveying instru-
ments. No knowledge gained from
books alone can give that complete
grasp Of the relations existing between
a public road and the community it
serves which is SO necessary If the
location and design of the road are to
secure the greatest possible good from
the money expended.
In locating or, relocating a public
road the prime considerations should
be, first, the comfort and convenience
Of the travelling public which it is in
tended to accommodate, and, second,
the economy Of public funds. The first
consideration fixes the general location
of the road and limits such details of
design and layout as affect the safety
and comfort Of travellers. The second
should control the detailed working
out OF location to suit the topography
or surface layout Of the region through
which the road passes, with due re-
gard for such features of the design
as affect the cost Of construction, of
maintenance and of hauling over the
completed road.
| The comfort and convenience of
travellers, requires, first, that the road
pass conveniently close to the dwell
Ing places Of those for whose particu-
lar use it is built; second, that it be
free from dangerous curves and grades
and sufficiently wide for safe travel ;
and, third, that the surface be such as
to remain reasonably firm and smooth
and to become neither very dusty nor
very muddy under any combination of
weather and traffic conditions. The
extent to which any particular road
must meet these requirements depends,
OF course, on the state of public senti-
ment in the community which pays for
the road. But In most communities it
Is safe to assume that the standards of
excellence as regards the accommoda-
ton demanded Of public roads will be
raised rather than lowered. Due fore
sight, therefore, should be exercised in
working out the location and design
Of a road, so that later fmprovem
such as reducing grades, increasing the
width Of the Travelled way, or con-
structfng better surface, can be made
without the necessity of making expen-
s1Ve changes in the location or other
wise wasting any considerable part of
the work already accomplished.
! Location Of Roads.
A few general rules regarding the To-
cation and design Of public roads may
be stated briefly as follows:
!. Avoid sharp curves in the road.
because such curves are a menace to
traffic. On light grades and level
stretches the location should be prefer
ably such that traveller may see at
least two or three hundred feet ahead
from any point on the road, and OF
sleeper grades this distance should be
increased if automobile traffic is to be
reasonably safe. Where the view is
unrestricted and the grade" is practi-
cally level, country roads Of ordinary
width may be curved to a radius of
only about two hundred feet without
seriously inconveniencing traffic, but
to safeguard against accidents the ra-
d1us Of curves located on grades should
be preferably not less than about 300
Or 400 feet, even if the view is per-
fectly open. 49,
2. Provide ample width for vehicles
| to pass each other without leaving the
travelled way.
| 3. Bear in mind that if a road ever
becomes of any considerable impor-
lance, it's users probably will demand
that all the sleeper grades be reduced
to the lowest maximum that would
conform to the general topography of
the region which the road traverses.
| 4. Avoid all unnecessary distance
Aside from the advantages to traffic
| ~ q 9AAOAS AOOISS OA~A AAAA0 VI dUu1-
t1onal road involves a considerable
extra yearly expense for maintenance
and this consideration alone may war.
rant considerable expense in shorten.
ing the route when the road is con.
structed, provided that the decrease in
distance does not materially increase
the steepness Of the grades.
5. Regard land lines only in so fa1
as this may be done without decreas.
ing the usefulness Of the road or in.
creasing it's ultimate cost. The ten.
dency in most rural communities is to
locate all new roads along land lines
regardless of the suitability of the
route, and this has been responsible
for much waste in the past. Not in.
frequently roads located along LAND
lines have been graded at considerable
expense, and abandoned later when the
community demanded a more highly
improved road with better grades.
6. Give reasonable consideration tt