The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-05-19

glands become swollen and easy to
feel. They may become soft and break
down and discharge as assesses; this
is seen constantly in strangles. On
the other hand they may become in
durated and hard and attach them
selves to the jawbOne, to the tongue.
or to the skin. This is seen in
chronic CHAMBERS. If the glands are
swollen and tender to pressure. it in
dicates that the disease causing the
enlargement is acute; if they are hard
and insensitive, the disease causing
the enlargement is chronic.
The manner in which the horse
coughs is of Importance in diagnosis.
The purpose OF the cough is to remove
some irritant substance from the
respiratory passages. It occurs from
inhalation of cold air If the respira-
tory passages are sensitive from dis
ease. In laryngitis, bronchitis and
pneumonia, cough is very easily ex-
cited and occurs merely from accu-
mutation of mucus and infiammatory
product upon the irritated respiratory
mucous membrane. If one wishes to
determine the character of tlIe cough
it can easily be excited by pressing
upon the larynx with the thumb and
finger. The larynx should be pressed
from side to side and the pressure re
moved the moment the horse com
mences to cough. A painful cough oc-
ours in pleurisy, also ID laryngitis.
bronchitis, and bronchial pneumonia.
After experience in this method Of
examination one can determine with a
considerable degree of accuracy wheth-
er the lung contains q normal amount
Of air or not. IF, as in pneumonia,
air has been displaced by inf1amma-
tory product occupying the air space.
or if fluid collects in the lower part
of the chest, the percussion sound be-
comes dull. If there is an excess Of
air in the chest cavity, the percus-
sion sound becomes abnormally loud
and clear. AS the air goes in and
out of the lungs a certain soft sound
is made which can be heard distinctly,
especially upon inspiration. This sound
is intensified by anything that accel-
crates the rate of respiration, such as
exercise. This soft, rustling sound is
known as vascular murmur, and signi-
fies that the lung contains air and is
functionally active. The vascular MUIR
muir is weakened when there is an in
f1ammatory infiltration Of the lung It's
sue or when the lungs are compressed
by fluid in the chest cavity. It dis
appears when air is excluded by the
accumulation of infiammatory product,
as in pneumonia, and when the lungs
are compressed by fluid in the chest
cavity. The vascular murmur becomes
rough and harsh in the early stages
OF Inflammation of the lungs, and this
is often the first sign Of the beginning
Of pneumonia.
Bronchial Murmur.
By applying the ear over the lower
part of the windpfpe in front of the
breastbone q somewhat harsh, blow
Ing sound may be heard. This Is
known as the bronchial murnur and
is heard in normal condition near the
lower part Of the trachea and to a
limited extent in the anterior por-
lions Of the lungs after sharp exercise.
When the bronchial murmur is heard
over other portions of the lungs, it
may signify that the lungs are more
or less solidified by disease and the
blowing bronchial murmur is trans
mitted through this solid lung to the
ear from q distant part of the chest
The bronchial murmur in an abnormal
place signifies that there exists
pneumonia or that the lungs are COM
pressed by fluid in the chest cavity.
Additional sounds are heard in the
lungs in some diseased conditions. For
example, when fluid collects in the air
passages and the air is forced through
it or is caused TO pass through tubes
containing secretions or pus. Such
sounds are OF a guTgling or bubbling
nature and are known as mucous
rales. Mucous rales are spoken of as
| being large or small as they are dis
tinct or indiStinct, depending upon
the quantity OF fluid that is present
and the size of the tube in which this
sound is produced. Mucous rales Oc-
cur in pneumonia after the soIidif1ed
parts begin to break down at the end
of the disease. They occur in brOn-
chitis and in tuberculosis, where there
is an excess Of secretion.
Sometimes a Shriu sound is heard,
like the note of a whistle, fife, or flute.
This is due TO a dry construction of
the bronchial tubes and it is heard in
chronic bronchitis and in tuberculo-
sis.
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