davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-21
SPECIALISTS DESCRIBE THE CONSTRUCTION OF SWITCHES AS
FOUND IN THE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT OF THE AUTOMOBILE
(By Special Permission from Motor

the eircuit by opening and closing Or
completing the circuit Just as valve
In hydraulic circuit or pipe affoIds
means Of opening and closing the
circuit Of which the pipe Ii part
Electrical switcacs assume many dif.
ferent forms and sizes, dependins
upon the service for which they are
designed primarily, which places Ger.
tain requirements upon the switch In
order that II operate successfully.
Thus, q switch that is to carry a
heavy current must be constructed
with large contact surfaces IN order
that the resistance Of these contacts
be low; the surfaces Of the materials
which come into contact with each
other ninst be smooth and should be
in actual contact over as large an area
as possible; the operation OF ths
switch should be as positive as posi-,
bic, and all connecting terminals and
parts should be Of ample size to meet
the ordinary requirements TO be I'm.
posed on the switch when In actual
service.
In great many cases certain parts
Of the switch are made up Of number
81 thin pieces Of copper instead OF one
single hsayy piece. This construction
gives much better contact and also q,
Direr contact III the majority OF cases.
A switch Of this kind Is said TO be-
laminated The selection Of the ma
terial to be used at the breaking points
Of the switch viii depend upon how
severe an arc Is likely to form and
the probable destruction or damage
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-21

] A man painting s sign viii draw :
bigger crowd than 4 salon s<sjnit cl
old masters ~ g
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
Merchants to Remain
 Open for the Holidays
In Order to Accommodate Late Shop pers Agreement Is Signed by
 Leading Firms

Commencing Thursday December 20, and continuing until the 24th, the stores of the following local merchants will re- main open until later hours than usual to accommodate the belated holiday shoppers. The merchants are not de- sirous of remaining open any longer than is necessary, but as many wage earners will not be paid or until the near ap- proach of Christmas and others un- avoidably delayed, 1t was decided to ob- serve the following hours for their ac- commoda tion: Thursday and Friday until g o'clock and Saturday and Mon- day until Il o'clock. The merchants respectfully request all who can to do their shopping before these dates in or der to avoid as much as possible the last hour rush.
 The following stores have signed the agreement: Loveman. Joseph & Loeb Louis saks Clothing company. J. Blach & Sons. Antwine, Mcclure & DeShazo. Hanover Shoe Store, Goldstein Brothers s. A. Williams & Co, the Parisian com pany. Abe Kaufman; Queen Quality Shoe store. Hirsch Millinery company, the klothes ShOppe. National Ao..1l Shirt shop. Kerner-Williams Shoe company Louis Pizttz, Joe and Lee Slaughter, j. Friedman. Sommers Tailoring company Steele-Smith, Porter Clothing company M. We'll < Brothers, D. & A. Rich ( Link. Armstrong Hat company. Drenner q CO, Burger Dry Goods company, Ca. heen Brothers. Woolworth, Straus Cloth ing company, Ham the Shoe Man. Idea
 Millinery company. Odom, Bowers ( White, Louis Forst. Reynolds Haber. dasheFy. oster Brothers
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
Furniture Dealers Dispense With Basket
 Charity; Aid City
Check Will Be Sent City for This Work-All Dealers Desiring to
 Aid Notify Headquarters

The Birmingham Furniture Dealers
 association held their regular month
 iy luncheon Friday at o'clock in the
 Civic association cafe, with President
 R. L. Sparkman presiding. After the
 regular routine business was transact
 ed President Sparkman recommended
 that the furniture dealers dispense
 with their Christmas baskets this year
 and instead present the charity depart
 men of the city with check, stating
 that he thought that tey would be
 able to use the money to greater
 advantage than by individual work CTS. f c. w. Green offered resolution that the members of the Birmingham Ftfr-
 niture Dealers association furnish the home for old negroes with mattresses, pillows comforts. shades and other necessities and comforts which was adopted. Mir. Green reported he and President Sparkman had visited the home and found it very much in need of furniture and furnishings The cons- mittee named by the president to call on the dealers to enlist their aid in the undertaking Is composed Of c. w. Green. Ira F. Randall and J. R. Williams. #
 All dealers desiring%to contribute in this way are requested to communicata with the association headquarters
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
Appeal to Patriotism
 Of Alabama Miners
The Alabama State Fuel Administration has addressed the following ringing appeal to the patriotism of Alabama 1roin

onr best service. The best service which the miners can render at this psrticulnr time is to devote every hour possible to the produc- tion of coal, nnI for this one time at least, sacrifice the usual Christi mas holldays-except Christmas dny itself.
 All of the people must economize in the use of coal, burn wood burn anything but coal when pos sfble, md when coal is the only obtainabIc fuel, cut the cOnsump- tiom to at least half of normal.
 Some of us have recently said Eood-hy to our boys. Thousands of Alabama's sons are already Somewhere in France" and other thousands are son to go. The sue cess of their mission, as we'll as the liberty and happiness of the world, depends upon the prompt ness and scope in which they can be sent and supplied with clothing, food, suns. munitions and every other thing needed to make their supreme sacrifice worth while.
 The miners of Alabama, together with every other citizen, we are persuaded, cannot this year feel the usual holiday spirit. This Christmas season brings to us separations. instead of happy re- unions. It bring to us not songs md rejoicings, but the grim pie ture of desperate world struggle. in which our own sons and broth CTS are to he the deciding factor. ALABAMA STATE FUEL ADMIN
 ISTRATION.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
ENSLEY SINGER
 AT L0EW'S SUNDAY Third Young Student Pre- sented With Other De-
 lightful Features

Much interest is being manifested in the community sing that will occur to- morrow afternoon at Loew's Bijou. Two concerts will be given. one at and one at 4.30.
 This sing has been designated Re hearsal Day" because of the fact that the singers are to practice several Christi mas carols which will be given as a part of the Christmas Sunday programme.
 Philip Memoli. director of the Birming ham Philharmonic orchestra, has se- lected three numbers for Sunday that will. it is believed. please everyone. Michael Ford, who will be the first young man to appear on a sing programme under the plan adoDted sometime ago regarding young music students, will sing Verdi La Donna Mobile"
 Aside from the carols that will be sung by everybody, Director Lawrence has placed Joan of Arc'' and "Keep the Home Fires Burning" on the programme in order tkat the singers may become more familiar with these two popular war songs
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
CITY ADOPTS NEW
 LICENSE SCHEDULE Very Few Advances Shown. Scale of Tax Is Now in
 Hands of Printer

The license schedule for 1918 was adopt ed yesterday by the board of city com missioners and is in the hands of the printers, and will be published within the next few days. The schedule Is prac- tically the same as that now in opera ton, only a few advances having been made. The new schedule is now the law and those liable for this tax will soon learn the amount they will be required to pay into the general fund of the city It is understood about half of the gen. eral fund is received from this source
 The commissioners also granted a franchise to the Birmingham Southern Railway company for the construction of a branch line from Thomas to Fairfield, which will be practically parallel with the present line between these points The railroad company is to pay $4000 for the franchise and the work will commence immediately. The new line Is for the purpose of handling the i'm mense quantities of material that will be required in the construction of the man. moth new plant of the Tennessee com pany at Fairfield. The right t-of-way of the new line is already owned by the company.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
Housewives League to Hear R. M. Hobbie at
 Chamber of Commerce
Fred Shireman and T. P. Hay to Also Make Addresses Meeting Open
 to All Wednesday Afternoon

Richard NJ Hobbie, Alabama's food administrator serving under Herbert Hoover, will make his first public adr dress in Birmingham Wednesday aft ernoon at the Chamber of Commerce auditorium under the auspices of the Housewives league and every citizen is urged to be present. This meeting will be in the form of a patriotic mass meeting and will be opened at , o'clock.
 MT. Hobbie will have for his su5- ject on this occasion, How You Can Help Win the War in Your Own Home" This meeting is held for the purpose of empasizing to the house. wives, hotel and restaurant managers and the heads. of every eating estah- lishment of the necessity of conserva- tion of food.
 Fred B. Shireman, manager of tho Tutwiler hotel, will talk on "The Way the Hotels Are Cooperating in the Conservation of Food" while T. P. Hay, Jr., secretary of the food pre- paredness bureau. will speak on "The Importance of Home Grown Foods ann Markets"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
coal miners

The acute situation with refer ence to the supply of coal Is not un- derstood or appreciated seemingly by the coal miners or the people. The fuel commissioners of the state have been notified by the national administrator that war prepara- tions of the government have been seriously hampered and are likely to be greatly curtailed unless large nnd constant increased pro- duction of coal Is had. Birming- ham nnd nearly every city and town in the state face a practical coal famine. Thousands of fam files are now suffering as they have never suffered before, and unless the situation is relieved, to the actual suffering will soon be added disease and death.
 It is, therefore. absolutely inn perative that every coal mine in this state produce it's maximum output. This cnn only be done by egcry miner in the state working every day and every hour to the limit of his ability. With the pres- ent production inadequate, 1t has been feared that unIess the actual situation was known that the usual custom of taking several days holiday during Christmas would be followed.
 VN~ huwn f~J% <h-k xLs. of our cOuntry's greatest need, every man of us needs only to be told the way i'm which to render
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
SINGING CLUBS
 UNITE FOR WORK
Arion and Twenty Clubs to Hold Joint Rehearsal for the
 First Time

Next Tuesday night at o'clock the Arion and Twenty clubs will meet to- gether for the first time in joint re- hearsal. The meeting will be held in Cable hall and will be under the direc- ton of Robert Lawrence.
 The 20 female vocatsts and an equal number of male singers from the Arion club will rehearse an anthem to be sung as part of the special Christmas Sunday programme of the community singers.
 This joint rehearsal next Tuesday night is to be the first of series and will be both for study and for the enjoyment of few musical numbers to be rendered by members of the two organizations
 The members of these organizations are deeply interested in the presentation of Elijah" which is being planned for next spring, and will no doubt devote some time in looking over some of the choruses which will be seriously studied after the New Year.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
Bl B;Lll;.A'll!:;HS j; :; .'ll! I; 5: j r 1 j !
 GAsH sTQRx UAiaNlnnfaAs
Birmingham An Art Center
By CHARLES HI. MANDY

oy
 The fame of Birmingham as an up- to-
 date and progressive city has long been
 nationwide and recently many leaves have been added to her crown of laurels by her wonderful response to patriotic, charitable and humanitarian appeals. As an industrial and commercial center she is favorably known throughout the bus mess world, and the beauty of her nat ural surroundings and the splendor of her highlands, her beautiful homes and palatial residences have long been the subject of much favorable comment. Birmingham's many literary, musical, patriotic clubs and organizations bespeals
 her culture and refinement. and her so- and favorably known.
 Within the past few days another laurel leaf has been added to her growing crown, and from the world s metropolis she is hailed as an art cen ter, as the following letter received by the secretary of the city commission will testify:
 "secretary of the City Commission. Birmingham, Ala.
 Dear Sir: A friend intimated to me that your city or it's Art society may conside. purchasing oil paint ings and other objects of art. but was unable to tell me with whom to take the matter up, thus I have all lowed myself to write to you. T have a collection consisting of about 30 paintings and over 800 pieces of most exquisite Chinese antiques; vases, plates, panels painted on silk, cloisonne objects, carved ivories bronze statuettes; incense burners,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
DAMAGE SUITS

" '
 The following damage suits were filed in the circuit court yesterday:
 $S000-Henry Davidson vs. the Louis vile and Nashville Railroad company for alleged personal injuries received on Sep- tember IS.
 $1O0o-G. w. Lewis vs. the Tennessee Coal. Iron and Railroad company for all legged damage to land of plaintiff by mining operations. <
 $s0O0-John w. Poteet. pro ami Mary Poteet, vs. the Louisville and Nashville Railroad company for alleged personal injuries received August 1S.
 $2O0O-L. H. Smith vs. Charles T. Het- derson for alleged false arrest and inn prisonment on a charge of refusal to pay for goods bought on August g. $200Q-L. H. Smith vs. Charles T. Het- ton and the Maryland Casualty Insurance company for alleged false arrest and i'm prisonment on August 3.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15

silk embroideries. etc Every piece of different design representing all periods from 1000 A. D. Amongst the masters of the paintings are. Raphael, Rubens, Bracklenkamp, Jan Steen, Albani, Ribera, Sir Peter Lely, Sir Thomas Lawrence. cuyp, Wyant. Constable, Babcock, and others. I would sell this entire collection, or part of it. at positively less than one- third of it's actual cost because I will soon leave for France, and l must sell it before departure.
 Will you be kind enough to advise me to whom I should communicate the particulars, or refer this note to the right party.
 Thanking you most sincerely for the courtesy, am yours very truly,
 .T. MIROSLAV MAX,
 A West Fiftieth street, New York.
 December 8, 1917.'
 As the city commissioners are daily wrestling with the financial problems that confront the city. and are striving with might and main to maintain it's fair reputation, they may possibly in- clude in their yearly budget million or two to purchase the almost priceless treasures offered and thereby make At lanta and other southern cities turn pos ftively green with envy. Or, perhaps some of the many millionaires within the confines of the city may, frim civic pride, purchase the wonderful collec- ton and thus place themselves in the class with the late J. Pierpont Morgan as art connoisseurs, and the light and luster gained from the possession of thif fine collection of art treasures by some local Croesus would reflect much glory on the city at large. The city fathers have the matter under advisement and will be glad to have prospective buyers to meet with them in determining whether to make the pur. chase or not.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
Birmingham WiH Haue
 Demonstration Campaign
 Second Week m January
Civic Association Directors Act Upon Suggestions of Misses Harris and Feminear, Who Are Here as Ex- perts From the Agricultural Department to
 Actually Save Wheat and Meat

Following the visit to Birmingham of Miss AgnesAHarris, southern director of the city division of the extenson depart ment, United States department of agri- culture, and Miss Mary Feminear, home demonstration agent, the Civic associa- tion yesterday resolved unanimously to get behind the practical conservation work which they are now planning and cooperate to make It signal success throughout this city. Secretary Mana ger c. l.. Harold of the Civic association, who had conferred with these depart ment of agriculture representatives yes terday and Thursday, outlined the con templated work to the board of directors at yesterdays regular meeting and res olution was passed committing the body to active support of the movement.
 CITY DEMONSTRATION PLAN
 At luncheon in the Civic association cafe yesterday plans were announced for a city demonstration campaign to be put on in Birmingham beginning the sec ond week in January to carry directly home to the housewives and the men of the families scientific methods of ac- tually saving wheat and meats. A cen tral municipal kitchen is contemplated for the demonstration of cooking pala- table bread from corn meal, corn flour, soy beans, peanut meal, and other sub- stitutes for flour.a The demonstrations will be free. Arrangements will be made by the activities of 10 field workers, spe- cially instructed, to carry the demonstra- tions to as many community centers dis tributs@ throughout the city.
 The work will be carried on for many months during 1918 and Miss Beatrice Shipp, county home demonstration agent, will supervise both the city and county, dividing her time equally between them. She will be assisted by Miss Marion
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
Collector McNeel
 Explains New Law

"The government recognizes Col 1ector of Internal Revnue John D' MIG Neel said today, sthat many persons axnerience a good deal of difficulty in filling out income tax forms. It recog- nizes too. that taxpayers resident at 'notnts where collectors offices are not easily accessible find 1t hard to get proper instruction in the law Next year, when every married person living With wife or husband, having net income of s2000, and every unmarried person not the head of family and having a net income of 5000 for the year 1917 must make return of income on the form prescrib ed, there will be hundreds in every community seeking light on the law, and help in executing their returns. My own and every other col lection district in the nation will be divided into districts with the county as unit, and government officer in formed in the income tax assigned to each district He will spend hardly less than a week in each county, and in some counties a longer time, very likely in the courthouse at the county seat town. In cities where there are collectors branch offices, he will be there. and in other cities possibly at the city hall. My office will in due time advise postmasters and bankers and send out notices to the newspapers stating when the officer will be in each county. It will be unnecessary for pros pective taxpayers to ask my office for forms on which to make returns. The officer who visits their county will have them.
 Ut may be stated as a matter of gen eral information that net income is the remainder after subtracting expenses from gross income. Personsal. family or living expense is not expense in the meaning of the law. the exemption be- ing allowed to cover such expenses.
 "The new exemptions of 5000 and $200O will add tens of thousands to the number of income taxpayers in this district inasmuch as practically every farmer. merchant. tradesman, profess sional man and salary worker and a great many wage workers will be re- quired to make return and pay tax.
 "The law makes 1t the duty of the taxpayer to seek out the collector. Many people assume that if an income tax form is not sent. or government officer does not call. they are relieved from making report. This is decidedly an error. It is the other way round The taxpayer has to go to the gov
 ernment, and if he does not within thu time prescribed. he is a violator of the
 law, and the government will go tt | him with it's penalties"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
THOUSANDS OF COAL
 MINERS ARE IDLE
Men in Eastern Kentucky Fields Are Thrown Out of Work Due to
 Car Shortage

Whitesburg, Ky, December 14.-Dn ac- count of a car shortage, thousands of workers in the eastern Kentucky coal fields are idle and feeling the pinch of high cost of living. It is said that prac- tically all of the coal mined in this field is being sent to thes great lakes and that as consequence thousands of empty cars are tied up In that section. The worst weather known in the mountains for half century is now prevailing. the snow in the cre berland and Black mountains falling to a depth of p inches.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
Civic Association to Name Committee to Investigate
 Warehouse Receipts
ADOPTED
 BY THE DIRECTORS
Feasible Method to Secure Co-Opera- ton of Farmers of State Sought. Association Will Name Com-
 mittee of Five Soon

With the object in view of putting the farmers of Alabama on a firm warehouse basis and ultimately mak- ing negotiable the warehouse receipts issued against his stored products, the board of directors of the Civic asso- citation yesterday adopted enthusiasti- cally the resolution by President James weatherly drawn to these ends
 One of the faults of the warehouse receipt system now employed to a limited extent Is that the warehouse receipt is not an absolute evidence of it's purported face value because it is always subject to lien of persons or corporations that have advanced to the grower for raising the crop. This, it is believed, will always stand in the way of safe, flexible warehouse system, and will have to be removed before the economical distribution of our farm products in Alabama can be attained.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
THE RESOLUTION

The resolution of the board of direc- tors is as follows:
 "Resolved, first, that a special com 1nttee of five members of the Civic association shall be appointed by the president who shall report to this board, after due investigation, the best and most practicable plan or means whereby the farm products of this state may be distributed and mar keted to the best interests of the pro- ducers and the consumers of those pfoducts( and t1.at such committee in their investigations shall duly consider the means, facilities and cost of trans portation by rail and water, the prac- ticabjlity of cooperative distribution ana marketing, to the end of eliminat- ing, as far as possible, the the charges of the middle men, a proper warehouse ing system, or system of warehouse certificates which would enable the products, and that such committee in ucts at reasonable cost for reason able reriod fer better prices, and, if need be, to cash his warehouse cer- tificate as any other negotiable secur- ity or bankablc paper, and any and all matter relative to the subject which may lave practical value in the solution of this great and pressing problem.
 "SecorG, That such committee shall report a feasible method for securing the cot operation of the farmers of this state in carrying out the purposes of such plan as it may report to this poaiSl.'' E.,
 The members of the committee will be appointed hext week.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-15
Metz Enlists

O. F. Metz. the senior member of the firm of Metz t Griffith. attorneys of the city, has responded to the call of the colors by joining the ordnance corps of the national army. and leaves today for Fort Oglethorpe. Ga.. from which plice he will be assigned his permanent duties.