davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
By Isaac Don Levine

TENERAL A. l. VERKHOVSKY, Rus
~ sias new War Minister, who an
nounced that his first task would be "to
create a mighty revolutionary army" is
but thirty-four years old, and is the
youngest War Minister in the world.
Twelve years ago he was chamber page
to the Gar. To-day he is Kerensky's
right hand and probably the only mill
tary man in Russia capable Of organiz-
ing a powerful revolutionary army.
Kornilof, Brusiloff, Alexief and
Russky are all great soldiers, but their
careers have been built under the Ro-
manoff rule. Verkhovsky is a new type.
He is a child of the Russian revolution.
Although chamber page to the Car, he
affiliated himself with the revolution
airy movement Of 1905, and was denoted
from his rank and made private in an
artillery brigade for his socialistc
propaganda. At that time Verkhovsky
was twenty-five years old. For moro
than two years he served as a private,
but, undsmayed by his bad luck, he
worked hard and with ardor till he was
given a Cross of st. George and again
made an officer.
In 1908 Verkhovsky entered the acad-
envy of the general staff, from which
he was graduated with medal for the
best work on strategy in the school.
In August, 1914, Verkhovsky, as a cap
tain, participated in the battle of Biala
and received another cross Tor dstin-
guished service. In August, 1915, he
was appointed head of the operative
department of the Ninth Army.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
By DR.. S. M. Melamed

Author Of "History Of Political Phiios-
ophy."
Soon after the Teutonic armies took
possession of Warsaw rumors OF sep
arate peace between Russia and Ger
many began to spread in both coun-
tries. It later transpired that these
rumors had some foundation In facts.
It is needless to say that Germany has
been constantly eager to eliminate one
of the major belligerents from the war
either by crushing blow or by po-
litical deal. Since 1t was not possible
to do so by a crushing blow, political
meddling strlved TO achieve what STRAIT
egy and military feats failed TO accom-
plish.
In Russia the efforts to conclude
separate peace with Germany origi-
mated with the ultra-resctionaries and
Black Hundreds. These dark forces,
who at the beginning Of the war sup
ported the government, soon began to
fear the liberal influence OF England
and France on Russian politics, and
therefore attempted to ALLEVIATE these
liberal countries from Russia.
At first this movement was concen-
trated on a small group OF politicians
that had as it's mouthpiece the "Ruskya
Snamja," the notorious sheet Of the
Black Hundreds. So outspokenly pro-
German was that paper that it was gen.
orally called "Pruskya Snsmja," the
Prussian flag. But the more the Rus
sian armies had TO retire before tho
enemy as a result of the disability Of
the Cars officials to organize trans
portation system and to provide the
army with the necessary supplies the
more widespread became the agitation
for separate peace with Germany.
The sudden overthrow Of the Roman
offs, however, put an end to a separate
peace menace, not because the Russians
cid not want peace, but because they
did not want separate peace that
would betray the Allies who had sup
ported the revolutionary forces and be-
cause they could not continue policy
shaped by the Black Hundreds, the ex-
press purpose of which was to elimi-
nate the liberal influences from Rus
sian politics in order to retain Russian
autocracy.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
Amazons Fought
In Crimean War

The invasion Of Persia in the reign
of Cyrus by a barbarian horde from
the Caucasus, "led by an army Of wom-
en-" is an historic fact. BY way of sur
vival, there stands the instance men
toned by Father LAMBERT in 1854 Of
dead women soldiers found on the plain
after a battle. "These women" he
said, "wore srmor beautifully wrought"
AS recently as the Crimean War the
"superwomen" of the Georgian hills
emerged under "the Black Virgin" the
Kurdish chieftainess, who marched her
women warriors through the streets of
Constantinople and set out for the
DRnubefto do battle against the Rus
SLAMS, and there TO leave as hostages
20 glory no small number Of women
soldiers slain upon the field.
II Penthesilia led an army Of viragoes
to the assistance of Priam at the siege
of Troy only in the fancy of the Greeks
who had developed taste for visions Of
women warriors fighting in masterful
dissrray, II is fact that the Greeks
encountered an army of women Arabs
on the field of Yermouk. These women,
like the Russian Battalion Of Death"
shamed the male warriors into resist
dlSt dlNtl Il DAstloDAt lOAL anu NlNSI-
ed victory from the jaws of defeat.
More terrible than the men were the
ancient women Of Gaul, who, after the
men had surrendered the fortress of
AK, in Provence, to the troops Of the
Roman, Marius, seized their weapons
and so set upon the Roman victors as
TO deliver the fortress.
Caesar recites the fact that the leu
ton and the Gsllic women accompanied
their men 10 battle. This does not
strictly constitute Amazonian warfare,
as women camp followers have been
not the assistance but the bane Of
thousand subsequent armies. How
ever, these earlier camp followers were
seriously domestic, forming the COM
missarist. II was common for the do
nestle women TO seize arms and beat
off the foe in surprise attacks and to
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
Slav and Morse Knew
The Woman Warrior

The record Of official women warriors
and Of organized and drilled battalions
of women can be extended to Slavic
history and to the Morse. But there
might still be examined a tremendous
number Of instances where women took
unprofessional part in war.
Quebec has her heroine of Yer
cheres,' Ontario her Laura Secord,"
Cuba, Ireland and Scotland their recur-
rent heroines.
Lady Banks defended Corfe Castle
against the soldiers of Cromwell.
Phyllis &c la CHARGE defended Grenoble
against the Duke of Savoy. Jeanne
Hachette, armed with an axe, inspired
the men ofBeauvais TO the defence Of
their town against the Duke of Bur-
gundy and earned herself q statue.
Mary Ambree defended her native town
in Flanders against the Duke of Parma.
Wherever there was a msrauding duke
there was woman heroine TO hamper
his progress.
At Bannockburn the sudden emer-
gence Of the women camp followers
helped to win the day by striking ter
ror TO the hearts Of the English at the
sight of such reinforcements. Red
shawled English women helped TO de-
ceive the French ct Fishguard when
they sought a landing.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
And the King of Siam
Commands Female Battalion

At this moment The King Of Siam has
a bodyguard Of 800 trained and armed
women doing service in his capital
And the German Kaiser has his body
guard Of 500 Lithuanian women, CARRIED
in brilliant uniforms and disciplined
for war, though having rather pacific
function. But the band that has nailed
the colors of the Amazons to the bat
Elements is the Russian Battalion Of
Death"
Like Gree and her sirens, like the
Lorelei Of the Rhine, the FL Wax of the
Cingalese and the wildly beautiful
woman centaurs of Attica, these super
women put on the shining armor of
Mars, and, wearing still the beauty of
Venus and looking now doubly like
gods, lure the enemy to a desperate
death.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
Our Own Soldiers
Fought Women Warriors

But here is grim war, and armed
ma;dens dispute the way. Our memory
Is short If we forget that no less
modern and material 2 person than
Hell Roaring Jake" Smith fought with
the Moro women warriors in the Phil
lppines, and that our soldiers attested
their superior bravery over the male
fighters Of the tribe. Much more ro-
mantle are the other AmazOnian rec
ords.
The original Amazonian narratives,
Of which the Greeks were fond, serve
merely to prove the continuing recur-
rences Of armed women phenomena.
Perhaps the wilds of ancient Scythia.
now inhabited by the Cossacks of the
Don, did not harbor a race of women
warriors who terrorized Asia Minor
and Thessaly. Perhaps they did not
scar their right breasts the better 10
develop q sword-arm. Perhaps Fran
cisca de Orellana made too much of
the Indian legends of tribe Of armed
women and of his encounter with a
number of women warriors, when he
named the river of his explorations in
South America and called it the Anna
zon. We can leave both the Scythian
Amazons Of Greek art and the indian
Amazons Of South America to myth
ology and still have plenty to do with
truculent danes and maidens who
bravely played the soldier, singly and
in battalions, across the page of his
tory.
Nor IS it necessary to compile the
deeds of notable women leaders in
order to make up a volume on armed
women. The phenomenon Of the Rus
sian battalion Of Death" relates TO
class Of mankind. not to an individual.
Before woman lost her almost equal
status she produced a great plenty of
warrior queens, like Semiramis, the
Queen of Sheba. and Zenobia.
Theodosia ruled the whole Roman
world and personally reviewed her
troops in Constantinople. Boadicea led
the British men TO battle against the
Roman DICTIONARIES. Ethelfrcda of
early England managed large armies
and built military works. Queen
Eleanor Of France led her corps in the
Crusades. Margaret Of Navarro was
skilful ware queen. Jeanne dare has
inspired many generations Of French.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
The Great Asset of
Verkhovsky Is F aith

This is the great asset Of Verkhov-
sky-faith. Like Kerensky, who is but
two years his senior, Russia's new War
Minister has the unsuitable faith that
the Russian people will pass the su-
preme test of the moment and Justify
the great revolution. A chamber-page
to the Gear, Socialist, a disgraced
private, brilliant military student,
then lieutenant, captain, colonel, and
now general, A. l. Verkhovsky has all
the elements that make for success in
present-day Russia. He also lacks no
firmness, as proved by the following
order, addressed to the officers in
charge of q funeral Of Moscow
Frenchman killed at the front, repri-
manding them for failure to do their
duty: ~,
1--WE are passing through the fourth
month Of our new political and civic
life. but our attitude toward the duties
of service still remain as of old, per-
vaded by the bureaucratic negligence
which led Russia TO destruction under
the old regime. u is necessary not
only TO issue an order, but also to see
to it that it be carried out. It IS
high time to put an end to the old
conditions and become intelligent ex-
ecutors of our duties.
"Oficers should remember that they
are now offering revolutionary
army; that they are now recognized
by the entire Russian democracy,
which finds the creation Of a mighty
army a necessity. The basis for the
strength of any army is lawfulness
and firm execution Of orders. Backed
by the definite will of the councils Of
soldiers, workmen and peasants, the
officer body should and must firmly
proclaim the demands Of the service
and insist on their unqualified fulfill
,nepsO
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
Were Remembered
In Song and Story

The soldiers Of Emperor Conrad OF
Germany learned well how felt the
thrustinc of lances into the rounded
sides Of women warriors, for on their
march 10 Syria they encountered armies
Of women clad in leather breeches. Inc
same women fought az the siege OF
Antioch. These manifestations of wom-
ans turbulence and of womans phys
zeal assertion about the time OF the
crusades filled current rhyme and prose
with references TO gallant Armadas'
The earlier Troubadours delighted 10
make their heroines spring, like Pallas
Athene. full armed, from the brow OF
Zeus and ride away to the combat.
Africa helps to establish the woman
whose trade it is to defend and 10
slay as a primitive. Women warriors
abound in the Dark Continent. Justify
ing the traditions of encounters on the
Nile with women fighters stand the
Abyssinian militant queens and their
dusky female guards. The King OF
Dahomey maintained an enormous
bodyguard of women who fought IN
battle against the whites, as dld the
women warriors of the chiefs OF the
Congo tribes. The King OF loruoa
boasted that if his Amazonian army
clasped hands they would reach clear
across his kingdom
In Paraguay the Spaniards, mulat..
toes and creoles used regiment OF
women warriors in defence Of the state
At the siege of Barcelona and OF Sara
gossa the Spanish women fought IN
companies and regiments.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
Women Warriors Have Fought
In All Lands in Every Age
Greek Art and Indian Legend Tell This Ancient Story and
Russia's Battalion of Dealt" Brings 1t Down
to Our Own Time

turn the tide by shaming their retreat
ing males back into the combat.
The women of Genoa formed into
armed regiments TO follow the crusades
20 the Holy Land, not as a camp rab-
bic, but as a fighting corps. Queen
Eleanor Of France led a similar enter
prise from Paris. These women met
the same fate as most of the crusaders
death in the Balkans. Margaret OF
Anjou led in twelve pitched battles, but
her bodyCuard of trained women SOL
dicrs constitute "A more definite factor
in the study of Amazons. =.
The Teutonic and the Slavic tradi-
tons abound in martial women. Inc
Valkyrie maidens has a semi-martiai
office. Brunchildc, the Nalkyrle, wore
shining armor. and these goddesses OF
battle did more than merely minister
TO the males in the never ending COM
bats in Valhalla. 1T -.
I.bussa, daughter Of King krok OF
Bohemia. was Nalkyrie in flesh and
blood. She trained formidable army
of her sex and ruled in security her
manageable demesne. At her death
Vaiasca. her fair successor. eliminated
men entirely from the armies OF 30
hernia. and TO further insure the matrl-
archate she caused the right thumbs
of all bows 10 be removed so as to IN
capacitate men from military service
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

lar role should be played in the army
by conjoint committees of soldiers and
officers. Such committees were organ
lied in Sebastopol as early as March 81.
"The Russian nation, both at the
front and in the rear is now passing
through test, the test of it's right to
live. But, in the course of my three
months labor in the midst of our SOL
diers', sailors and workmen's circles.
have acquired faith in the political
vision and pure heart of our people.
And | deeply believe that the people
will come out victorious from the pres
ont struprlnU
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

GutOcracy.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

conclude a separate peae
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-11-06
TRAVELETTE

BY NIKsAR


From the Far East comes the news
that Shanghai, the great international
center of commerce of the Orient, is
seeing its supremacy challenged from
two sides. On the one hand, the Jap
anese are trying to build up the COM
, mercial importance of KobeX at the
expense of Shanghai; on the other,
the merchants of Manila are planning
to make their city the distribution
center of the Far East, and relegate
Shanghai to the status of port on
branch line served by 2,000-ton steam
ers These are formidable rivals. but
Shanghai will have something to say
in the matter. The great Chinese city
seems to flourish like the green bay
tree of Scripture in spite of economic
principles that say it shouldn't.
In the first place, the great trans
shipping center of the Orient ought
Ito be a seaport, which Shanghai
misses by about ten miles, Heaven
knows how many thousands of tons
of merchandise are hauled up the
shallow muddy river to the go-downs
of Shanghai and then hauled down
again. The city should be on the sea,
logically speaking, but 1t isn't, and
continues to thrive. There are prob
ably more than a million souls living
there today, and it is becoming quite
a manufacturing center.
Shanghai is city of numerous con-
tradictions. 1t had steam fire engines
before New York City, and it has no
sewerage system yet. 1t is one of the
leading Chinese cities. and yet Chinese
cannot own land there-afid yet they
own most of II. This latter double
barreled contradiction is explained as
follows:
In the early days of the China trade,
there was a considerable Chinese city
near the present site of Shanghai. Eu-
ropean traders took up their residence
on a nearby sand-flat to deal with
that city. and their governments ex-
tended a protecting hand over them,
Then Shanghai was European city
without Chinese inhabitants, where a
Chinaman could not own land. Then
came the Tai-Ping rebellion, ana
thousands of Chinese flocked to the
European settlement where thew
would be safe. Thus Shanghai gained
a great native population. once ~
was to their interest. the Chinese mer-
chants managed to own land in the
settlement by arranging for some for
eigner to hold 1t in trust. pro forma.
With this combination of the advan-
tages OF East and West, Shanghai ran
ldly rose into commercial supremacy.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-11-06

! between these two workers for hui
manity's happiness-and so there
! might had the second philanthroplst
been a person of flesh and blood ana
not a creature of Morton's magma
ton Morton gave his wife some type
written sheets containing items ana
system of horizontal and .perpendlcu-
lar lines not unlike ,Angelica's budget
/ book and he asked her to fill IN the
] items from day to day. He would
not let her forget, he said, but would
/ go over the sheets every evening after
I he had finished telling her just now
much he had spent.
One of the items of Morton's scheme
was labeled tears and under this
poor Peggy felt in duty bound-for
Morton had accounted for his lunch
money to a penny-to explain the
cause for every tear she shed. The
i tears she spent over the frost-bitcen
geranium plant were in measure ex-
/ cuSab1e, for death even of a plant is a
suitable cause of sorrow, but when
she wept over the fact that she was
not invited TO q certain luncheon party
she was in the wrong because the Sor-
row in that case was prompted by
jealousy or personal pique.
Peggy had a hard time with the
item marked laughter" for II was
Peggy's nature to laugh little quite
frequently and every time she stopped
to think that she was laughing and
/ down in the list she was sobered, so
she stopped laughing. And it was
| hard sometimes to have to put down
on that sheet for Morton's eyes that
she had said darn it" because the
potatoes boiled dry; still there was
an item for profanity and Morton
had decided That darn it" was as
/ near to profanity as Peggy ever came.
i One night was the night before
Ange1ica's expected visit and Morton
had been unusually severe with Peggy
| over the sheets, as indeed Peggy had
been with Morton because he couldn't
remember how much he tipped that
day at luncheon-Peggy crumpled
down over the sheets in tears. Were
not half so happy as we used to be
] before we began to budget every
thing" she walled. Il wish Angelica
had never left the settlement and 1
wish your sour-hearted old friend-I
know he is sour hearted-was-was
in the bottom of the ocean. And 1
Just hate to keep accounts, 1 do, and
l don't want you to tell me how much
you spend"
/, Morton took a warm little hand
from under the tear-stained face and
then raised the face and kissed away
! the tears.
Shake, Peggy" he said. I'VE
, don't need any ones prescription for
happiness, do We? And we are thru
J with budgets for keeps"
Forever" echoed Peggy, and she
meant it.-(Copyright, 1917. by the
Mcclure Newspaper Syndicate.)
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-11-06
a WAY no GET MORE FOOD.

Every day makes more manifest
that the Chinese exclusion law should
be repealed. 1t was the offspring of
conditions which have passed away
The reason for it's passage was that
Chinese laborers would drive our
American laborers from every field of
effort not by quicker or better work,
but by accepting lower wages and a
consequent lower standard of life.
But all of this has been changed
by the war. Cinnamon would not now
exclude Americans from labor on the
farms and the roads and what is
known as common labor. for there is
a totally insufficient supply of such
labor and, as a consequence, there is
an insufficient production of food to
meet home needs and the foreign de-
mand. insufficient production means
increased cost of living, and in
creased cost of living means more to
the workingmen than to any other
class.
Statistics show that the cost of Hv-
ing has doubled since the commence
ment of the war, while the wages of
labor have increased but rs per cent
Give the farmers cheap Chinese labor
and production of food will increase.
With cheap labor the cost of produc-
ton will decrease. The farmer will
make as much money, and the work
ers in the factories and shops will
hear no more about wheatless days
and meatless days and BUTTERFLIES days
and sugarless days.
When congress meets five weeks
hence let it make haste to repeal the
Chinese expulsion law, for surely, says
the Los Angeles Times, it is "a condi-
ton and not a theory that confronts
as"
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-11-06
RATE CASE AGAIN.

The interstate commerce commits
sion again has taken up with the rail-
roads the question of an advance in
rates. It is announced that hearings
probably will continue several weeks.
This despite the fact that the I. c. c.
in the past has assumed to know all
about the transportation conditions
and has paid little attention to the
complaints of the roads or that part
of the public which desires to see a
square deal
The unfortunate plight of American
railroads is being daily forced upon
public attention and will require some
sort of immediate relief. Under the
strain OF war traffic, equipment is rap
idly running down, while the impair
ment of railroad credit by inaction of
the interstate commerce commission
prevents necessary replenishment. If
the roads are to meet the require
ments of ordinary traffic and the ex-
trao-dinary emergencies of war relief
is imperative.
If the relief be adequate, the roads
may recover the injury to their credit
lIOIu the treatment I'M
posed by the commission. Net earn
ings of several of our most substan-
tial roads are. in spite of strict econ
omy, falling to a point that threatens
reductions of dividends. The effect
of these conditions is still further to
damage their credit, rendering it i'm
possible to attract the new capital
needed for extensions and improve
ments. Vast sums have been expend-
ed to meet the increases in wages,
while relatively small amounts are
also necessary to maintain dividends
and support railroad credit
Government regulation has thus fan
proved a miserable failure, says Henry
Clews in his Financial Review, chief
/ ly because the rate-making power has
been in the hands of prejudiced and
inexperienced men. The only step for
the government to take is to give the
railroads a fair chance, which is now
denied them. The present operation
Of the transportation companies as a
unit is producing marvellously good
results, both for the public and the
roads. Our railroads can easily be
! operated as a unit; preferably under
some sort of federal control, instead OF
the present confusing and destructive
multiplicity Of state regulations.