davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05
Is the Cost of the War
Behind the Peace Move?

The idea prevails quite generally In America
that Germany plain desperation Is due &c
short ra,ions. that Brl;ain's policy OF starving
Der out" is beginning TO tell IN very serious de-
gree But isn't there something else In IL The
common people q Germany mas be hungry but
isn't the elencn, ordinarily devoted TO pursuit Of
the almighty dollar or the influential sovereign.
a mighty sight hungrier'
business Is business Keep this IN mind while
We give you some figures on Germany's before
,he-ws- business with ,he outside world from,
which she has nov bcen cmpetey cut or Ter
over Two years
In 1912. Germany shipped 20 Great Britain
goods worth. In round numbers. $35s,sooooo anil
Imported from her Sis5.7 900 neat little trad
balance far Germany % si4teooUeo. total bCsA
ness s5ss 100000 The same year. her lotai q
business in manufactures and other products
to,alea s47Ss4o0o0 with IRE Ua.tet states, 81.
GOO coo with Australia and s7l.o00duo with can
ada. Here's a total o. yle5574o 900 worth %
business with all the countries q the world 10,
Just named DOT included
What would happen in arr own country, II this
enormous volume OF business we're suddenly cur
out,
WHY. n the business element in Germany isn't
cussing the war and exercising rs pull on TIE
Kaiser for peace. Il is the taInest. most self
sacrificing element % tie sort that any nation
over possessed. II is discussing the world Of the
idea that there's no sentiment in business or that
money talks God help Gerrnany's business her
moor can wnrk~ would seen 20 be a frite para.
phrase OF an old saying
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05
A Poor Politician But
a Great Statesman

The resignation OF Edward " Hurley. chair
man Of the federal trade commission. leaves va
can't one Of the most important positions in ma
tonal service.
The trade commission was created 70 work
on; solution Of the problems OF trusts ard "cu,.
throat" competition. after il became apparent tC
the American people that the Sherman act was
impotent No more important task ever was en-.
trusted TO any government agency.
To accomplish the purposes for which n was
created. the commissioners must be not oniv
able men and progressive men. but they must
b. constructive men.
There is one man who combines these qualin-
cations. and has proved his capacity By note
worthy services 70 the American people.
That man is David J. Levis-"father OF The
parcel post"
Single handed. a. an obscure representative
In congress. he put through the parcel post
aginst the combined influence OF the Big Five
express companies and BY the lower schedule
Of rates which was thus enforced ne saved tha
public FIFTY MILLION COLLARS a year
He won his victory with two thngs-facts
and logic
As chairman o, the house committee on labor
be has been responsible for most Of The pro
gressive labor legislation 70 which the present
administration so largely owes sts return %
power.
Two years ago be started 20 collect the facts
for his fight against the telephone and telegraph
nonopolies to secure FOR the American people
the cheap service that other countries enjoy He
had ared his first guns and was seeking a more
advantageous battle field b. running for tie
senate when he was defeated BY a combination
Of republicans and reactionary democrats. sngi.
neered and paid FOR By The express companies.
whose exorbitant profits he had reduced. an
BY the telephone and telegraph companies VINO
feared bis future activities
he Il poor politician, but great statesrnan
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05
The Daily Reminder
roD,Y.s ANNIVERSARIES

ToDAY'S ANNIVERSARIES
issi Roger williams arrived In
America
ff-g. indians attacked Lancaster.
AND after kllIinK Az th~- YEA
..t-rt tle women and hiiaren int"
lanes otis orator and
MAN. born in Heat Blrus'a DIE.
Dl@d In And0ver. Mass. May
Irs4
1870 ole Bull. world-famous yio-
.r born IN Bergen. Norway Died
.afr hux. ~. 1880.
$500 .guuard lines nfrt steamer.
..rr launched.
see - Bright ~ Indiana
aE-.iIsd from The iultfd -fHfos
THa Fedcrais made p second
lfs fui attempt o. turn tht e. ~
Hght ~ Hatl hcr.s it4ui p
- = flfph u Borle, serf'tarE N
f.. F-U. Iu Grants cabinet Hfrd In
.rls. Born there SoF 70.
The Hay-Pauncef1te treaty
OK tho clayton -HHlW"r treaty
was Fnsd IN WaEhinRtnn-
IaH. Hrnry y. Ynutssv was son
f.H..H Co NE imprlsouWr in Ken
aa fHo assassin % william goe-
Tae last American soldiers
fr Ihs Missouri state capitol in
IlH.f#ur city burned
f.Ir.rIo Arkanfas senate passed
a statewide prohibition measure.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05
Let the People
Rule-and Write
Would Work For eelolum,

To the Editor II The TIMES:
wish 20 thank you for your edl
torial appeal In favor OF poor. war
torn Belgium. Tho figures you cite
~ the amount contributed by this
country are a strong indictment for
greed and selfshness against our
captains OF industry. who have in
creased their profits by millions
thru war contracts. but whose con.
tributlon 10 the saving OF innocent
young lives n 80 piti'ully small.
Think % the flow OF war made gold
which nightly finds is way 20 the
cabarets OF every large city. In
view OF the fact that the price %
two quarts OF bubbles means the
saving OF a chllds life. when go
contributed. ~ seems 10 me that
some OF those jewellers IN war prof.
its must feel like murderers n they
are possessed OF any human feel.
inFs
In spite OF our boasted prosperity
and IN view oi the " G. of l.. be
lieye that the great majority OF
American workingmen md II i'm.
possible 10 contribute financially 20
any cause however worthy. But
where there IL will there Is n way.
and here is what propose 20 do. I
am n tool designer OF considerable
ability and tool designers are much
in demand AZ the present time. n
You can put me in touch with any.
one who can use my services. ]
will give two hours OF my time each
nlght. - nights week. and iet
Tho entire eaFnlngs be turned over
90 Belgian relief until the war
| ends.
ALFRED NJ. WASBAUER.
No 200 Buena Vistaaye. W.
Highland Park. Jan 30. 1917.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05
The Pressure
Always the pressure is on us.
BY Or. FRANK CRANE
Copyright. 1915. by Frank Crane)

Like low ceiling, il makes us forever
stoop. often crawl, sometimes groyel.
Like an unseen power it hypnotizes us
to go where we would not, to do what
We hate, to say what We do not believe.
Like a magnet it draws us down, down
with the innumerable feet that tread the
broad way.
Like formless fear 1t curtails our lib
erty, destroys our individuality, reduces
us TO the dead level of mediocrity.
Like huge spiritual press it forces
us into set, conventional, artificial shapes.
AS by wave. 'heaving decuman. we
are swept on to corporate crimes, follies,
cruelties, stupidities, of which as indi-
viduals we would not have dreamed.
What is this pressure?
1t Is that gray, shadowy mass we call
They" The ghost fingers of the many
manipulate us in little things as in great
affairs. They" determine our clothing.
our speech, our manners, our morality,
our sins.
Scientifically We name this adumbra-
ton heredity and environment.
Against il the soul Of each man Is In
unceasing struggle.
Most tragedies, from Aeschyus to ID
sen, are descriptions Of the desperate
human unit striving hopelessly to free it
self from this iron rim
They" poisoned Socrates, crucifed
Jesus, burnt Savonarola, prosecuted Wag-
ner.
II is this dull pressure, stolid. unintel-
ligent. respectable, powerful. and BRAIN
less as the giants Fasolt and Fafner, that
obstructs all reforms. resists the appli-
cation of reason to art, to letters, to eco
Monies. TO government, 10 the spiritual
life OF men.
Every ardent idealist impinges against
a wall of putty.
II blocks prison reform. perpetuates
,hild labor, smites capital with blindness
and labor with folly, keeps us under
the bondage OF an absurd system of
weights and measures, ridicules spelling
reforms, delivers city politics into the
hands Of the boss and his organization,
impedes pure food laws, makes big bust
ness seek to bride. intimidate and control
Judges and legislatures, binders rational
reform i'm edueation-and what not.
The pressure! Like wise it grips the
society woman; in her straining to keep
up with others she has no time for her
own life.
In Europe the idealist, hating war,
knowing it TO be monstrous stupidity and
waste and an utterly inconclusive meth
Cd of settling anything, is yet coerced
20 take his place in the ranks and try to
kill the clerks and peasants of another
country against whom he has no quarrel
IN the world.
The pressure! Once it made men burn
heretics and witches. Now it makes
them lynch negroes.
1t seems sometimes TO our fancy as IL
il were vast, unreasonable spirit OF
death (monstrum horrendum, informe,
ingens, qui lumen ademptum) that
doth hestrife the narrow world
Like Colossus. and we petty men
walk under his huge legs and peep
about
To md ourselves dishonoraels
graves
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05
Buffalo Bill
nv "a. ADDINGroN BRucE
Author OF The Riddle OF Person
atty" Psychology and
farenthood." etc.

The other evening reai I'm the
newspaper that Rurslo Blll was dy.
ing As | read. the years slipped
away from me-. | was a boy again
little Kid in knee-breeches. eagerly
listening while favorite uncle told
me stories q the great hero OF the
plains
could feel once more the thrill
Of those wonderful moments OF
storytelling once moro there came
before nav minds eye. wildly imag
med. picture after picture Of daring
riding. cautious scouting. clean fight
ing. and Buffalo Bill always desery-
eddy victorious.
lnstinctiyely Put him where he
telongei In tho splendid company
CT Boone and kcnton. Crockett and
Carson. To me. all OF these we're
supermen. They summed up in
high degree the rugged virtues every
man should possess.
Now buffalo Rill has gone 10 Join
Boone and kenton, Crockett and
Carson. in the Great BEYOND. You
may be sure that they have gwen
him a fervcnt welcome. Just ~ the
comrades he left behind gave him a
loving farewell. with their simple
words. "Go>d-by. Bin. Good by. old
pard."
BE sure. too, that his will De an
enduring place In the annals Of
American history. he was a maker
OF history as truly as any talented
statesman o. diplomat or general.
Nor Is IL only in history that he
will live lie will live also. he must
live. in the hearts and minds OF the
generations TO come. II will be a
sad day FOR the people OF the United
States II ever they cease 10 cherish
The memory If Buffalo Bit
For this can only mesn that ohiv
airy. holincss. energy. Initiative
love OF honorable achievement. have
weakened IN the spirit OF the nation
\ natirn that Is truly strong vii
always bold in proud remembrance
the rugged. virile heroes OF It's pion.
neering days.
II is tho same with nations ~
with individuals Everybody knows
that a Boz shamed of his rough and
eady father Is a boy Who In later
HE viii have plenty % reason for
icing ASHAMED OF himself
To American parents. then.
would say.
Tell your !ittie son the story rf
.iunAlo Eli Tell htrn the story IF
Eoone and Ken;on, OF Crockett and
Carson In Imagination let. him
wander thru the silent forests and
across the vast pr4.ries with these
brave pathfnders md nAtlon-bulld
ers OF the days that are done.
Make clear 20 your ION The n IN.
nsr u net the paihnnders were
Make clear 20 MIN the difficulties
tht- had 20 overcome. the dangers
that menaced them. ard the cour-
age and hardihood they showed IN
every emergency. iet their evan
PIE radiat, upon him 70 strengthen
bis character.
Remember that X your son r. a
real boy be is certain 10 hunger T..
ieles OF the west Don't permit him
30 learn Of the west merely from
the inane had man college herO-
miraculous sheriff pretty girl-stol-
en- cattle sputed mine or railway"
stories with which the all hciion
magazines OF today piteously
abound
Tell him. instead. stories OF real
western heroes Give him books
wherein he can read tkese stories
| for himself
lie will enjoy them twice as much
rs tho machine maze yarns. And
they Will be OF True develoDmental
value 20 him
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05
Bits of Information

Though the railroad grades on tho line from
Chile 20 Argentina are the stecpest In the world
not single fatal accident has occurred since
they opened In 1910
When Edward Crabbe. Of Tons River. ~. J..
vas fishing he felt sharp tug az his line The
Ssh got away. but when Crabbe rreled In 10 re-.
1ait I've was surprised sec n rocketbook bang
ng 90 the hook lie opened the purse and
'cund a one. dollar bill AMI dollar In silver The
DocketbOok was identified by Mrs. Mary
schwartz as her property.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05

Euf Eog wen.- In -------.-
The gayly colored banners with
their aIluring pictures Of the freaks
Under The canvas. and the persua-
.iye adiectives o. The tallahoo. had
on yo1r curiosity.
TIE banner. you viii remember.
lictared ,h@ tNohsaeei 10y playing
. JeW's-harp or the piano
Al. but that was a vivid picture.
lsasut g.
And what did you SEQ within A
retrifed Or weazenec faced mummy,
When YOU came ~, you felt like
rubbing he ballahoo and the entire
Cutdt
Perhaps ~ wasn't The dime you
had been duped. deceived swindled
Right there you waited The AD
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05

will not strike first.

There were prayers in the pulpitS OF
the country yesterday that we may be
spared a part in this awful war.
II there were consultations and orders
i'm the Offices of our steamship companies
in which the same spirit predominated.
il will help lot.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05

90 men and women you told about
h.s fraud the next DAY
The advertiser vho points out 10
Won in misleading words and term
lie wonders ~ bis store. and ihen
soaks" you after YOU step by tho
entrance way is Just as tig a rJ4ber
a. the sideshOw man.
lie has gained your confidence bY
wing ~ yoI fie has taken yclr
money In exchange for sometime
sou felt vsa a "weazenedT value
You vo4ld probably DO 20 hIm
what yog did 20 the side how Van
Tho Times has instituted This Co.
barfment 10 tell you what iho %
honest advertiser fails go ten rcU
The Ad-Mirror VIII rc1eal B..
cards FROM THE Tor or 1Il
DICK and yill show sou lHut how
De- trickcl SOU
The Al Nlrrar- az.ll- 30 rs Fe. issss'-
~ ~ neV papers either n an ad
tcriisemcnt iu The fines BIAS p.i
r'fraic1 fraud upon you. tho AL
Mirror VIII De- Glad to give you sn
opportunity 80 relate your exper.
once thru I-s column
THE Ad Mirror Welcomes com uu
u.catiol ~ experience with adFrr
Cd ofs. wherein the buyer feels chat
DO Lss been treated unfairly proud.
ing communications ~ this charde.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05

NIHITFN "" H'N'N4Fs
why II g." he asked that Instead of singing
the hymn in reyerent way, you simply scalnpcr
thru one verse and then ring the bell7" silence
rcigned for short while Then a shrill voice
from a small boy az the back OF the room was
heard In explanation:
Please. siT It's cause they always let's the
dog loose at the second verse
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05

ttTnlng many otheT Tess seFlouA JIG
.rders.
Diabetes has tendency 10 run in
mllics Brothers and sisters are
more commonly tho ones affected
10 some instances both parents and
children have Tie disease.
In most cases q diabetes the pa.
tent has admitted marked fond.
ness for sweets. starchy foods ard
fruits. together with a history Of
more " less digestive trouble
In any fa=4iiy fFetli-p-5-rtii 70 dir
tetes lt h teef for The YArinES a4eFa-
bers 70 eat sparngiy OF these fcosis,
The principal exciting causes q
diabetes are Nervous shocks and
strains. over.indulgcnce in eating
and drinking. long continued indul
lcnce in aWeots. blows. fats. tn
1uries 70 thr head and various iufec
uous diseases.
In vouon pregnancy seems tc
favor ira Develop uent
Every woman should know that
pregnancy is dangerous for the dlo
bette n should also be known that
even silsht injuries or slight surgical
/ operations sometimes result fatally
in diabete-
The sufferer from diabetes should
not wear tight shoes ior fear % abra
zion. causing Eangrcnc which r.
sometimes a grave complication.
n IS very important 10 dot oct dia.
tetes in Its infancy Anyone who
Be- troubled with digestive dertngc
iacnts. and who has suddenly taken
ou weight. following which unusual
1 thirst and sudden loss on weight l.
{ noticed, should consult his physician
~ once 20 have the necessary tests
made for a iiabetic condition.
Modern SKIN in treatment has sue
cecded lea nrolonginE life in diabetes
rud in lesscning The severity anc
danger of the symptoms.
But n f. important &c detect cTi
+ dences % The nlalady before tn
severe sympioms are noticed.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05

Love may DO blind. but it's foolish
10 attempt 10 wor6 OF paste dla
inond on a Girl under the impression
that you have her hypnotized By
your good looks.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05


proves it--that Germany has only to be
convinced Of our earnestness and her an
nounced policy of relentless and illega.
campaign with her submarines will be
abandoned before an American ship has
been harmed and before an American life
has been lost.
II is the judgment of diplomats Of the
world that Germany has placed her last
hope in her submarines, and failing. viii
be lost.
With these diplomats, President VIII
son sees the utter hopelessness of Ger
many against the odds she has brought
against herself in the cold-blooded an
nouncement of presumptous policy.
Up to date, we have had TO deal with
Q mere scrap of paper, containing the an
nouncement of presumptuous policy.
The purpose of it is far from clear in
the light of the fact that the carrying
out of its threats would be suicide.
1t was the opinion of many that the
president should have waited, perhaps,
until Germany had committed an overt
act against an American ship and Amer
lean lives, but the effect of that policy
might have been to bring about what the
president hopes so clearly to avoid, the
overt act.
We would have had to do in that event
exactly what we have already done, and
by taking the bull by the horns, We will
learn the more quickly just what the real
intentions of Germany are.
II is inconceivable that she can hope
10 better her position in the war by fore
ing an alignment against her Of the neu-
trails and having for her enemies nearly
MI the countries of the world.
is 1T REALLY THIS ALIGNMENT
THAT GERMANY SEEKS AS A WAY
OUT OF THE WAR?
DOES THE KAISER WANT SUCH
AN EXCUSE TO PRESENT TO HIS
PEOPLE?
WOULD HE LIKE TO BACK DOWN
WITH THE EXPLANATION THAT
THE ODDS ARE TOO GREAT?
There are those who are wise in diplo-
macy, possessed of an opinion that Ger
many could surrender to the greater force
against her with better grace and at a
much earlier date than if called upon to
surrender merely TO those who are
aligned against her at the present time.
II may be this angle that President
Wilson sees in his invitation to the neu
trals TO join with this country.
IL is moment of great stress in the
history Of the country.
Tho moment has proven that we have
for leader man as peaceful in his heart
ms Lincoln, but who has a plentiful sup
ply of good, rich American blood for ar
emergency that finds him in a corner with
his back against the wall.
II was no pleasant task for him that he
was called upon to perform in the senate
There was every sign that Il was moSi
distasteful to him, like a dose Of bite,
medicine taken only because it is the
only medicine that will help the case.
Tie has put the whole thing up to Ger
many.
The United States, il it has to strike
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05

LIE an everlast
snE blow Your
confidence b a d
n shattered
he sides h o "
man lost ycur
future patronage
and thai % the
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05

house 10 mouse singing tuoih
and snafches OF hymns. MANY
complaints reached the rectora
ears ~ bands OF youngsters
scampering thru the nrst verse
% While Shepherds Watched
and then violently ringing the
doorbell. So he instituted In
qulrles on the next occasion he
r.IInT
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05

inches then
NO indeed he didn't; he went round 20 the
back Of the house an died by tho yard!
A. Christmas tho children OF n certain English
school tried 10 collect money by going from
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05

eVPrT y UFIH ~ VIII V'' W.
a nelghbor met Paddy without
the dog and looking very sad
Well" asked the neighbor
how IL that dog OF yours 30
ing on7g"
"Oh. be jabers. he IL dead
The illigant haste whit and
swallowed a tape measure
"Oh. I see He died by
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05
IF THE TIMES PRINTS 1T, THE TINES BELIEVES 1T

ter are properly signed and al.
crossed.
The Ad Mirror Will advise you az
10 The reliability % the advertiser
Nth whom you arc dealing or eT-
rect 70 deal. but IL cannot recon-.
mend investments In any enterprise.
# witt lid Won trl gvFTv- WY pos
sole 20 determine the standing and
Enancial status of enterprises is1v-
ing tho Eiadom OF an Investment 10
your discretion.
II The fines prints Il. The Tines
believes H.
You MAJ be sure that The Times
has not printed any Advertising that
il has not FIRST Investigated. II there
Il any doubt as 70 iCs truth
Yet IN re rush 81 a DAYS bushes
with the changing ~ hundreds OF
lines o. Advertising every day. and
The fact that The Times II not in.
fallable any more than any other
humanity controlled organization.
The Times may err
n II does the Ad-M!rror wants %
hear about u.
The Ad Mirror - maintained q
preserve the integrity Of ADVERTISING
and business.
Il wants you 70 receive dollar
North ~ merchandise FOR every del.
Jar you put in The adyer'is -
pocket
Dollar Tor dollar is the keynote Of
ats function.
Dollar for dollar no more. no less
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05
From Another Point OF NeU
By c. T. s

Scranton. Pa, has coal famine-but
nothing. as We understand, on the genial
manager Of the L. +. who helps soak az
the heat OF this Office in the day time.
One Mr.. Won Benstorf. also. looks %
he all dressed up and no place 10 90.
REVERSE ENGLISH
- JOS, called ". NJ Corner Grocery Pro
pretor. 20 let you know that ny order was
filled exactly as 'proned q. snd that think
you are entirely too Io~ IN your price for
potatoes"
Royal Oak is going at it another way
and wants. we understand. TO annex De
troit
SAYS The WISE OLD OWL
The mortuarY statistics indicate al tines
tNat TIC practice Of medicine doesn't make
perfect
Won BernstorfT was given his passports
for this reason, Phyllis: As IN the case
of the bloodhound, IL naturally follows.
oitto.oitto
Joseph pieczy kovcsklez and Anlea BCrnas
zedkidewicz were married in Wilkesbarre, IA
the other day News Item.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05
Laugh With Us

Paddy Flynn was very proud OF huge bulldog
he possessed The dog accompanied Paddy
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05

almost equal 10
that from typAoid
fever.
Blt the popular
kuoWledge Of the
los ease IS small
in c o m pari son
with The lay man :
Information con
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05

"HE LAST TINE you stood be
before the circus sldeshow
yoa pondered quite a. length
over the advisahility Of de-
posting your dime under the nose
- 'h~ - ,uzced individual IN the
t-cknt- HtaFA44
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05
The Keep Well
Column
plAsETEst

Diabetes Is a Commonly occurring
disease. The death rate from IL H.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05

The rortuary statistics Indicate al -tlraes
frat the practice Of medicine doesn't make
perfect.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05

nc &C WIsg oLo oWL
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-05
DITTO Ditto

Joseph Pieczy koveskiez and Anlea BCrnas
zedkidewicz were married Ina Wilkes barre. Pa,
the other day.--News Item.