davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25
SHIPYARDS
FROM
7 troubles
ALL DIFFERENCES WILL BE
SETTLED BY BOARDS OF
ARBITRATION

WASHINGTON, Aug. 25.-Wags
disputes in shipyards are to be
handled by board named today on
which government, American Fed
Grafton of Labor and shipbuilders
will be represented.
An early and peaceful adjustment
of labor disputes in the shipyards
is expected by the creation of the
adjustment board The president
named V. Everitt Macy, New York.
president Of the national civic fed
Grafton. Chairman Samuel Gompers
will name the second member and
the emergency fleet corporation the
third.
In the event that any shipyards
dispute involve the navy, Assistant
Secretary Roosevelt will sit as 9
member of the adjustment board,
and when It concerns a private ship
yard, representatives of local labor
and local shipping interests viii sit.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25

I
WASHINGTON, Aug. 24.-The
stsa;e's program in the contest over
CONSUMPTION of wealth to pay war
expenses was Unexpectedly changed
yesterday Consideration of amend
lnents OF Senator LaFollette and
Senator Hollis to increase the war
tax bilrs draft on individual in
comes went over and the time was
spent in debate and tentative dis
position of other provisions. Further
action on both the income and the
war profits sections may be post
poned until next week.
Today Senator simmons plans to
take up the postage tax sections. In
Guiding the one cent increase pro-
posed on letters and the much dis
puted sections affecting publishers
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25

restrictive directions of the method
of investigation. The Mare Island
explosion led to the recent bitter
controversy between Secretary Dan
iels and the navy league, culminat-
ing in Secretary Daniels cutting all
relations with the league
In recent statement to force
publicity Of thY investigation the
league declared it had been in
formed OF evidence that time fuse
leading to the black powder mag
azine where the explosion occurred
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25
AN ENEMY IS BLAMED
FOR NAVY EXPLOSION

showing criminal conspiracy and
that investigation was being ham
pered by powerful labor interests.
Secretary Daniels hotly denied this
allegation.
The report of the investigation
says Neil Damstedt who was killed
was the only person entering the
building that morning and exonor-
ates him Of blame. The investigating
board is unable to form an opinion
as to the exact method employed
by the person causing the explosion.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25
/ ALI A N 5
A
FOR RTRESS
OF ITALY uNFuRLED
OVER AUSTRIAN STRONG
HOLD

ROME, Aug. 25-The trl-eolor of
Italy has been flying since yesterday
on the summit OF Montesano, the
Austrian stronghold on the Isonzo
front. The Italian second army has
broken through the Austro Hungar-
ian lines in several places. closely
pursuing the Austrians who are re-
firing and defending difficult ground
yard by yard.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25

LAST STRONGHOLD OF THE GERMANS TAKEN BY STORM
SIX MILLION DOLLARS
IN GOLD SEM JAPAN

ny Associated Press.)
. NEW YORK, Aug. 25.-The =
= United States sub.treasury has =
. transferred s6.OOO,OOO in gold by =
= telegraph to San Francisco for =
= export to Japan. This is the =
. largest single withdrawal of =
. gold for Japan in three months. =
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25
NEGROES SHIPPED
TO OCOLUMBUS, n. N.
REGULARS CHARGED WITH RIOT
AND MURDER REMOVED
FROM TEXAS
IBy Associated Presa1

AousToN, Texas Aug. 25.-Ne-
gro soldiers of the gath y. s.
infantry. including "a charged with
murder by District Attorney Croker
we're entrained today and taken
toward Columbus. N. NJ, Major
General Bell has arrived to inves-
tigate the shooting,
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25
\. ,.,0eIated Press.)

a WASHINGTON, Aug. 25.-The
.,oloslon at Mare Island killing
o,s and injuring over thirty is pro
,ouuesd in an official report made
mblIc by Secretary Daniels as the
a.llhsrate act of some one unknown
,0d NOT due to accident. The bu-
rams or ordnance and navigation
and the Judge advocate general OF
,he navy is agreed that there had
bssu mo hampering Instructions or
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25
NO PEACE TALK
FROM PRESIDENT
PRESIDENT SNENcEs RUMoRs
AROUSED BY THE PoPE's
MESSAGE
tBy Associated Press)

Thy Associated Press.)
WASHINGTON, Aug. 25.-The re-
port in congress that the president
might address it on peace when he
replies to the Pope's proposals was
silenced when the White House let
it be known that the president has
no such intentions.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25
NhANcELLoR PRESENTS
EMPEROR WITH REPORT

trAaAeN h-reah.l
AMSTERDAM. Aug. 25.-A Berlin
uNpatch says Chancellor Mlchaelis
'~''ed headquarters today and pre-
ssn'ed the emperor with a report
so1'e say It Is connected with AIsaee
LoEEAlnA
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25
TIE Up Of.
RAILROADS
F RISCO
BOTH SIDES TO TRoLLY DIS
PuTE INDULGE IN COUNTER
CHARGES
by Associated Press.S

(By Associated Press.p
OAKLAND, Aug. 25.-carmen Of
ficiaIs Of the San Francisco and
Oakland terminal roads, the (key
system) signed an arbitration agree
ment today avertins threatened
strike for higher wages.
my Associated Press.)
SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 25.-Dif-
ferences causing charges and counter
charges between the San Francisco
chamber Of commerce and Mayor
Rolph regarding the measure Of
police protection given the public
and United Railroads, has eliminated
in newspaper advertisements in
which the chamber of commerce
declared mayor Rolph, your failure
to perform your sworn duty has led
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25

r. A. Mutt, of FL Paso, HIS, fin
ished with SO from 10 yards and
won consolation handicap. II. Clark
OF Alton. Ills, won the professional
handicap with "a.
Mrs. L. G. vogel of Detroit. Mich
by reason OF her being top score
among the women in the Grand
American handicap, will be consid-
cred the women's champion. for
there was no championship event
for women on the program OF the
tournament for this year. Her score
was 81 and her handicap IS. In
special event for women Mrs. Har
old Almert of Chicago, won with
score of As in so targets.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25
CHIEF AVIATOR IS
KILLED IN AIR
HEAD OF FRENCH TRAINING
SCHOOL DIES FROM
INJURIES

NY AssocInted FFtHHsE
PARIS. Aug. 25-While MAYOR
Jacqui. head of the aviation school,
was siveng lesson in an airplane
100 feet in the air, pupils ma
chine collided with his The major
was giving lesson in an airplane
The pupil was not hurt.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25
lBy Associated Press1

(By Associated Press.)
GRAND HEADQUARTERS OF
THE FRENCH ARMY, Aug "a
Hill 304, the last remaining inn
portant stronghold of the Germans
fronting verdun, fell into French
hands at dawn yesterday. The
French infantry who had almost en-
circled the hill in previous attacks.
charged the German positions in a
brilliant dash and carried them by
storm, capturing the remainder of
the Germans entrenched. Not con-
tent with this splendid achieve
ment, the French advanced furth-
er 1900 yards and made posses
sion Of the hill doubly secure. Hill
3O4, together with lie Mort Homme,
commands all the ravines and ap-
proaches as far as Douaumont. The
loss of these positions deprives tbs
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25

(By Associated Press.)
MONTREAL, Aug. 25.-Capture of
German positions near Lens is an
nounced. This included a short
length trench of local Importance,
an enemy post. a few prisoners and
machine guns.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25
Line of Crown Prince
Swept Away and Hill
No. 3O4 TdkenByAII

Near Ypres, Field Marshal Haig's
forces have met with slight re-
verse at the hands of Crown
Prince Rupprecht's army. having
been compelled to yield ground cap
tured Wednesday along the Ypres
and Menin road, in the face Of ex-
tremely violent attacks carried out
by fresh reserves. The battles con-
tinue in this region.
Berlin asserts that In the recent
British offensive 21 tanks" were
destroyed by the German guns and
are now lying in front of the op-
posing positions in No Mans Land.
Some of the crews of the monsters
were made prisoners while others
we're killed.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25

Dy Associated Press.)
PARIS. Aug. 25.-The French
scored a victory on the Verdun front
north of Hill 304 Three fortified
works near Bethincourt were cap
tured. The number of prisoners
was increased to 8101.
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25
WISCONSIN MAN WINS SHOOT
AFTER TYING TWICE FOR FINALS

on the first ten IN The handicap fol-
lows:
Tonopah daily bonanza. [volume] (Tonopah, Nev.) 1906-1929, 1917-08-25

cloudy Tonight and Sunday
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
ARRANGE DAY OF PRAYER
Interdenominntionnl Missionary Work.
ers VIII Dfscuss Plans mt
Meeting Monday

The executive committee of the Wo-
mans lnterdenominational Missionary
Union. composed of Mrs. E. f. Osgood
president; Mrs. J. Calvin Stewart, Mrs
w. B. Newell. Mrs. L. Ncale, Mrs. Ben
Crump. Mrs. ]. J. Scherer and Miss
Sallie Deane. vicc-presidents; Mrs. John
Garland Pollard. treasurer; Mrs. L.
Curry. corresponding secretary, and Mrs
T. Crawford Redd. recording secretary,
with Mrs. OsEood presiding, held it's
first fall meeting this week in the Bible
classroom of the Young Women's Chris
tian Association.
The meeting was we'll attended, and
plans for the coming winter The key
note OF the meeting seemed to be the
impression that, in these stressful days
OF war and tumult. the high purpose of
the church is in danger or being for
gotten or set aside for the things ma
terial; that the temporal welfare of the
soldiers is apt to eclipse the more vital
spiritual needs, and that just at this
time II Will be we'll for the mothers
and friends to be given opportunity for
special prayer for the soldiers and the
nation.
II was decided, therefore, to have n
called meeting of the entire union on
Monday at noon in the Seventh Street
Christian Church for the purpose of
discussing plans for DAY of PRAYER
on which the women of Richmond. nv
invitation. meet for united intercession
Tor the spiritual welfare of the soI-
uiers ana the nation. Every member
OF the union is urged to be present.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
ORGAN RECITAL
T.. Flnxington Hnrker VIII Render PRO.
gram nj ST. Pnul'r Episcopal
Church To-Morrov.

Music lovers OF Richmond will b..
gwen an opportunity tomorrow night
to hear an organ recital at ST PAM.
episcopal Church. 1t will begin at sac
CLOCK under the auspieccs Of the
american Guild of Organists, and will
DC conducted by f. Flaxington Harker
orsanist and choirmaster of ST. PauI,s
assisted by j. Foster Barnes. baritone
mere are seven numbers on the pro-
gram Mr.. Barnes will render Draw
near All fe People" and Lord God
~, a'aNn from Mendelssohn's
Elijah" and also Bucks "Nv 70
aecmer and My Lord" Camidge's Con
certo In G minor. No. .. will open pro.
gram. followed by two organ nreImdss
rom Brahms. "a Rose Breaks Into
room and old World cen Must
Lave ihee. Tho two Hebrew melo-
dies, Memorial Of the Departed" snd
passover Table Hymn" win also 80
rendered by Mr. Harkcr.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
GR0CERS CLOSE EARLY
Stores on Church Hill Adopt Plnn tn
shorten Hours on Each Satur-
dny,

The Erocers of Church Hill have come
TO the conclusion that it will be agree
aole 10 the customers and satisfactory
10 the trade to have their stores close
promptly al p. NJ. on each Saturday.
inc new regime will go into effect
TINS Saturday. Customers are request :
ed to get their orders in by Gao p.
Al. on these days. On the part Of the
sroccrs 1t is urged that cooperation
is essential and will be appreciated by
all oS
Those who signed the agreement
are as follows: ]. f. Eubank, Bourne
Bros. Mrs. r. r. Hubbard, q. C. Gill
d Son, Newton D. Gentry, C. f. Stein
man, T. II. Peace. NJ. o. Fetig. Mrs. J
"a. Warren. c. N. Parker. Hudson Mar
Ret. A f. Gunlach. w. c. Atkinson. w.
w: russell. w. W. Grove, Fl. werman.
Albert II. PohliE. George p. Blackley'
r. r.. II. Fetig. ]. c. Kidd. ]. d. White
hurst, A. r. Beck, Linas g. Perel B. p.
Shackelford. johnson g. Johnson and II,
b. Taylor.
W.. A. Clarke. Jr.. secretary of the
retail Merchants Association. thinks
thls a good business move for Church
Hili, and expresses himself WARMLY in
FAVOR Of the idea spreading over tho
whole city.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
PLAN TO DEFEAT DAVIS
NOT TAKEN SERIOUSLY
Charges Made by Lcesburg Man
Lack Confirmation In
Richmond.
OFFICIALS OUT OF TOWN
Assistant Superintendent OF Anti
Saloon League Alleged to Have
Said Pastors Would Support Re-
publican Nominee for Governor.

With all Anti-Saloon League officials
out of town last night nothing could be
learned concerning the authenticity OF
charges made by c. ii. Shipman, of
Leesburg, that certain Virginia minis
tcrs would not support Wcstmoreland
Davis for Governor Mr.. Shipman's
charges were published yesterday In
Norfolk, and purported to be founded
on information given Mr.. Shipman by
Rev. David Hepburn, assistant super
intendent of the Virginia Anti-Saloon
League.
According to Mr.. Shipman, the as.
sistant superintendent told him that
certain pastors of Norfolk churches
had had conference, ut which time
II was stated that they did not intend
to throw away the work they had al
ready done in the interest of prohibit
ton. but were going to cooperate In
supporting the Republican nominee for
Governor"
The general opinion Of interested
persons who could be seen yesterday
was that Mr.. Shipman's charges, while.
perhaps having some foundation. were
really not serious. and that they would
have little, IL any, effect on the usual
big Democratic majority in the COM
ing election. Beyond stating that 1t
was merely mares nest" Commits
sioner of Prohibition J. Sidney Peters
declined to comment on the charges.
Westrnorcland Davis. Democratic
nominee for Governor. Is not In town.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
Open Headquarters
for Food Campaign
Organize Entire State TO Further
Work of Conscrua-
ton.

Headquarters for the second food adj
mnistration campaign were yesterday
established on the third floor of the
Davis Building, Twelfth and Franklin
Streets, with ]. H. Montgomery. sec
rotary OF the Cooperative Educational
League. in charge Work of organizing
the entire State for food conservation
was Immediately gotten underway, and
requests to ministers and divisional
school superintendent to aid in the
campaign were forwarded.
circular forwarded to ministers
suggests the preaching of special pa
triotic sermons, in which appeals for
thorough cooperation with the United
States food administration are to be
made. Some minister's conferences have
already passed reso;utio MS asking min
listers to observe Sunday. October FL,
as the day for these sermons.
The circular points out that all Of
Americas allies in Europe have their
men ON the fields of battle and not on
the farms. The production of food in
these countries" it says, "is, therefore,
reduced. They depend on us for food
as they have never depended before,
and they ask for It with a right that
they have never had before. For to-
day they are doing the fighting, the
suffering and dying-in our war"
Secretary Montgomery yesterday
wired every divisional school superin-
tendent, stating that Superintendent Of
Public instruction Stearnes desired
every school IN the State to observe
one afternoon between now AID Novem-
Der j as food conservation rally, and
suggested that teachers prepare pro-
grams and invite patrons to discuss
food conservation and pledge card cam
paiGn.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
JAGs IN EXTRACTS
Druggist. Sny Snle Of Liquids Should
he Restricted ms Pnrt of Dry
Inv Enforcement

Charles d. Fox. Of Roanoke. member
OF the State Board OF Pharmacy, which
Is holding session here, makes the
assertion that the sale OF ravoring ex-
tracts should be restricted to druggists
only. as an additional measure for tho
enforcement OF "bonc-dry" prohibition.
He states that grocery stores sell much
lemon extract, which is used as a bcy-
erase, and contains large pcrcentagc
of alcohol.
W. L. Lyle, OF Bedford City. Also
states that IN his community extract is
oeins sold by grocers and used as a
neverase. These druggists state that
with the sale of extracts restricted -
pharmacists more care would be taken
with regard to whom it was sold.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
WIND UP CAMPAIGN
Work In Virginia to Raise Funds for
War Library Has Tagged
81. behind.

Plans are being perfected for Wig
orous finish to the campaign to raise
$4,000 in Virginia for war libraries.
The campaign has Jagged for weeks.
Only a little more than $4,000 Of the
desired sum has been pledged, and the
campaign was due to close on Octo-
Der II.
Much difficulty has been experienced
ny Dr. II. r. Mcllwaine. head OF the
work In this State, in getting men and
women 20 lead the campaigns in the
various counties. He is now. however.
making a strong attempt TO get al!
counties well in line, and hopes to bring
the work 20 a successful close within
three or four weeks.
In the meantime. books and maya
zines to be used as emergency liters-
ture Al Camp Lee, pending the estah-
ltshment OF the war library, continue
TO pour in TO DR. Mcilwaine's office.
These are being shipped TO the camp as
fast az possible
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
Help Load Up Pipes
OF Boys in France

Tear out this coupon. MI IT 1,
and send N much money a. yen ca.
spare to buy tobacco fer the Ameri-
can soldiers AID sailors In France.
Each dollar buys four packages Of
tobacco.
To Tae Tfnes-Disrateh,
incis"ed ma - to buy -
pacRsEe" OF tobacco, through ~our
boys In France Tobacco Fund. for
Americas nEhtiax nae. In France.
understnnd that each dollar buys
four packages. each with q retniI
val.e OF AZ cents. and that In each
OF my packages will be placed .
postcard. addressed to me, on which
my unknown friend, the soldier, will
send me = message Of thanks.
''.-.............
...-............
$500 80 -.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
APPEAL is ALLOWED
Supreme Court VIII Heir Cnse of Ken.
pier Against City of Rich
mond.

An appeal was yesterday granted by
the Supreme Court Of Appeals In the
case OF Keppler ct ais. against the
city of Richmond. coming up from a
decree of the Chancery Court. small
piece of ground IN the rear of stores
at seventh and Broad Streets is in
VOWED. the appellants contcnding that
part or the blind alley there has never
been deed to the city.
In the lower cot ri the city's claim
that the property was pa TT Of the alley
and had been dedicated to il was sus-
tanned 1t was from this .cision that
the appeal was taken.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
RALLY FOR BOY SCOUTS
lnterestinE Program VIII BE Carried
go Out Mt Grnys' Armory To-
eitO Morrow Night,

IS The Richmond Council. Boy Scouts
of"America, plan to have a fine time in
The form OF a reunion and social a,
the Grays' Armory at $3.50 o'clock to-
morrow night Scouts and their friends
have been invited.
A short talk Will be given by DR.
pouel las freeman on Scout Duty and
the '>'pert! Loan. Medals for farm
and war service will be awarded by
John Stewart Bryan. There will he
music by the Drum. Fife and RurIe
Corps. under the direction of A. s Nc.
Farlane program OF interesting
contests has been arranged
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
Mayor vetoes Ordinance.

Mayor Ainslie has refused to suh-
scribe to the recommendation OF Tho
streets Committee to close a block In
Stonewan Avenue and relocating tha
street. so az to bring 1t by the pron.
erty OF James F.. Bradley. The recon- :
mendation OF the Streets Committee
ana city engineer was put in the form
OF an ordinance. which the Mayor re-
FUSED to approve. lie states that tba
committee was unin,entionaIIy misIed
In making the recommendation 10 the
Council e
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
V. NJ. !. Alumni to Met.

y. L. w. Curtis. secretary Of the
Virginia Military Institute Alumni AZ
ISOLATION, of Richmond, announces that
the annual meeting Of the graduates
Of the Lexington school will be held
here on November II. All members in
Richmond. Petersburg and Camp Lee
are requested to send their present
address to Mr.. Curtis. 1924 West Ave
nue., this city.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
Would Incren,, sn,.a 1,,,

An eHOrt VIII be made at the rnce,
Ing Of the Council Ordinance Commit
tee tonight TO take steps to amend
The traffic ordinance so as TO Increase
tho rate from fifteen to twenty mile.
per hour. Members of the Richmond
automobile Club are much intereste
In the movement
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
DISCUSS RELIEF WORK
State Council of Defense Meets To-mor
row to Act on High
Prices.

The State Council of Defense will
meet tomorrow morning at IL o'clock
in the office of the clerk OF the Senate
to consider war relief plans.
1t is intimated that one OF the i'm
portant matters to claim the attention
OF the body in this meeting is the coal
situation Interesting developments are
expected. Despite government regula-
ton OF prices, local dealers. 1t Is said,
are charging $3.50 a ton for anthra-
cite. This is believed too high.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
Held for Federal c,ur.

feari Henderson. colored. was ar.
raigned before United States Connie
sioner Flegenheimer yesterday. charred
with violating the prohibition Law,
she was apprehendcd with five ouarts
or whisky In suit case. Rail W..
given in the sum OF $500 for her IN.
pearance before the District Court
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
Want. RECORD, for solai,r

Mrs. Lewis II. Machen. secretary of
the Library War Fund committee. asks
mat those desiring to donate phono-
graph records for soldiers at Camp Lee
VII please bring them to suffrage
headquarters at the regular meeting
this afternoon at 1880 o'clock, and she
VIII see that they are delivered at the
camp.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-18
SIX Companies In John Marshall HigI
School OrEnniza-
fIOn.

Organization of the John Marshall
High School Cadet Corps has been COM
plcted under the direction OF Captains
Ayers and Muncc. The corps numbers
about 400 boys. and is divided into six
commpanies.
Preparatory to taking the manual Of
arms the boys are being instructed in
calisthenics: Theoretical war. based
on International drill regulations, has
also been introduced. After these reg
uiations are mastered a course in sig
mailing will be taken up.