davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
PLANS
BIC OFFENSIVE
AGAINST ITALY
Italian Government Pre-
pares to Meet Drive of leu
tons Against Vicenza.
PEOPLE ARE TOLD
TO ABANDON HOMES
BY oAMmLo CLANFARRA.

- ONE. Italy. Feb. 17-DIrect news
from the front. besides confirm
- - ing all previous Information con-
corning the Teutons' preparations for
an offensive again Vicenza, warns the
italian public that there are signs OF
4 preparation on even a larger scale
for another offensive against Gorilla
and the IsonzO lines.
On the other hand. from the con-
tents OF orders found on officers re-
Gently made prisoner and from news
papers printed west Of Laibach, the
Italian has come t. the conclusion that
these prepare lions must be regarded
q proof that the AuStrians are fully
aware that a gigantic Italian offensive
against Trieste is imminent and that
they are taking every precautton 10
meet IL and check IL at its very be-
ginning.
People Asked To Leave District.
In fact, the civil popula ton. in the
towns OF the VippaccO valley. are be-
ing gently invited to avoid unnecessary
hardships and at the same time leave
the military free to put in state OF
defence every town. farmhouse and
hamlet
Reliable information states that the
work Of fOrtifying these towns was
begun early in NOvemo Der under the
direction of Col Lieman, German
fortificatiOn expert. who acquired eN-
ceptional experience I'm Belgium. Pic
ardv and Champagne. where he super
intended the fortification of miles and
miles of territory
According to this expert the real war
FOR Italy will begin the moment she
undertakes the offensive against Co
men, whose guns guards the Monfal-
cone-Na bressina road to Trieste
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
8 FOOD
SUPPLY LARGER;
NO FAMINE FEAR
Submarine Depredations
Cannot Cut Off Supply
Source, Claim.
WAREHOUSES; ARE
FULL OF SUPPLIES

r ONION. Eng, Feb. 1.-THE re
turns OF the Port Of London Tor
the past eight months viii not en-
courage the hopes OF the Germans Of
starving London OF running its trade by
the depredations of submarines" saws
the latest report OF the Port London
authority on conditions at the great
London docks.
The tonnage entering and leaving the
port shows a substantial decrease as
compared with the preceding year, but
the quantity Of goods actually unioaded
shows a decrease Of only three per cent,
the tonnage being 1.S29OO0 this year
as compared with 1,SS5,000 last year
Prohibitions on the import OF several
classes Of merchandise have been IN
force during this period, and have IN
doubtediv affected the figures appTe-
Gladly.
The stocks of goods. especially food
stuffs. in the public warehouses has ac-
tually increased - per cent. being 6S1.-
600 tons against $4,000. The present
stocks are the largest IN the history
OF the docks of London
As compared with pre-war times. the
traffic OF the port OF London mas IN
creased from 100000 tons in 1918 to
l ,S29. 600 for the corresponding period
this year
The detailed report indicates increases
in receipts OF most articles OF food
Wheat, sugar. rice. cheese. and cocoa,
all show an Improvement Neat and
tea show decrease
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
8 POOR
IS CROWDED IN
OLD MANSIONS
21.O0C Families Live One
Room to the Family of
Eight or Ten.
HANDSOME HOMES
BECOME TENEMENTS

UBLIN Ireland. Feb. 17-Twsn-
ty-one thousand rooms in the city
- of Dublin house more than one
consist of eight or ten people. The
poor Of Dublin live their whole lives
under these conditions. cook, eat wash
and dry clothes.
Built in Days of Prosperity.
These houses were built for a single
family in the days OF Ireland's pros
perity under native parliament They
had great cellar kitchens with colossal
coal ranges. The coal ranges are gone
and the kitchens are rented 10 Dublin
citizens for 81 10 $3.50 per week. Even
in their present condition these houses
are a monument to the fine archi-
lecture and culture Of the Irish de-
siSner and workman Heavy doors
OF polished MAHOGANY l. OF Is feet
high, open into romantic chambers.
Here the Imagination Of the architect
jealousy planned the rooms he con-
Sidered necessary for keeping up the
dignity Of an Irish gentleman The
emonial held sway. All buildings were
constructed so as 70 be a fit setting
for the social life Of a gentleman.
Handsome Carvings in Poor District.
The rooms in many OF the poor tene-
ment houses in Henrietta street. Dorset
street, Marlborough street Parnen
street, and other poor parts OF the city
have deliberately moulded ceilings with
beautiful designs. colored and gilt
Bossi mantlepieces of pure white
carved marble Will be proudly shown
by a poor man OF woman. whose face
is lined by starvation. while famisned
children. barefoOted and almost naked,
sSrther round
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
Dame Subblants Woman
In French Courts; Cabinet
Minister'S Wife Is Cause

Paris. France. Feb. 17.-Madame
Louis J. Malvy, wife OF the minister
of the interior. is credited with re-
forming the court custom. as old as
republican Institutions in France. Of
calling To the bar a married woman
cited as witness in court as Woman
Leblanc or Woman Lebrun" as the
case might be. and an unmarried wom-
an as Girl Lebrun" or Girl Leblanc.
Madame Malvy, summoned as a wit
ness in the case OF a burglar who broke
into her apartment. being i'll. was una
BILE TO appear. The court crier, ac-
cordinC TO usage. called out her name
three times Woman Malvy, Woman
Malvyt Woman Malvyi" Madame
Malvy was shocked at this lack Of
Difference TO the wife of a cabinet
minister and on her protestation, the
presiding Judge OF the supreme court
has ordered that the title Dame" for
married woman and "DemOiselle" for
an unmarried woman shall be substi-
tUted for the less courteous titles OF
Woman and Girl"
Some Of NJ Malvys friends are ap-
prehensive that this reform of a dis
tinctly democratic usage may affect
his popularity.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
CHARGE TREASON
To WOMAN AND
IS YEAR OLD GIRL
Both Given Is Year Sen
fences: Younger Daugh-
ter to Reformatory.
GAVE INFORMATION
TO BRITISH, CLAIM

IEL, Germany. Feb. 17.-1srs- Ber-
u tina Handt, a widow. and her IS
N year old daughter. Erna, have
been sentenced here to Is years state
prison each for high treason. A younger
daughter Of the widow was also con-
victed. but escaped with imprisonment
in a reformatory, because she IS only
II years old
Gave information to british, Charge.
The widow and her daughters were
tried before ? courtmartial on the
charge Of having furnished information
about the movements OF German war
ships TO British spies. The trial took
place behind closed doors and lasted
two days. The woman and the girls
stoutly maintained their innocence,
but the younger one OF the daughters
finally broke down and confessed.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
Drinking Increases
Among British Women
Is Committee Report

London. Eng, Feb. IA great IN
crease OF drinking among women IS re
corded by the Birmingham licensing
committee in its annual report. In a
series Of inspections OF licensed houses
the committee had been very much
struck by the very large number OF
women, many Of them quite young,
who were TO be found In most Of the
public houses, usually in passages and
Jug and bottle departments.
The general impression formed was
that there was a great increase over
the numbers found on previous inspec-
tons. and that the habits now being
formed BY these women and girls
would have a terrible effect on the
next generation
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
TIE Board of Agriculture Is
MobiIizing Women To
Take Mems Places.
TO WEAR UNIFORMS
AND LIVE IN TENTS
Are To Be Under Military
Discipline and Get Pay
OF Soldiers.

7 ONION, Eng. Feb. 17.-President
Prothero. OF the board OF agricul-
ture. announces that a new wom-
ans army viii be recruited 10 work
the soil in Great Britain
Will Wear Uniforms.
The women VIII be uniformed like
soldiers. billeted in tents, and receive
lust the same paw as soldiers on the
firing lines.
The movement Is necessary. Mr.. Pro
thero points ont, in order to release the
men who have been doing the farm work
for service at the front.
Farmers Make Protest.
Agricultural experts and farmers
throughout the land protest against the
new plan as impractical, and say that il
viii tend to reduce farm efficiency and
complieate the food situation rather
than improve IL
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
Swiss Correspondent Says
French Is No Longer
Spoken in Calais.
BRITISH IN FULL
CHARGE OF CITIES
Millions Spent in Building
Great Warehouses and
Docks For Amy.

" URICH, Switzerland. Feb IA
IL war correspondent of The Zusr-
leher Post, who has been On the
western front q long time, expresses
the opinion that the British will never
give up Calais and Hayre again unless
they are forced 20 do so.
Calais Really an English CITY.
Calais today Il an English city IN
every respect, the correspondent saws
French Is hardly spoken there and the
town looks as If 1t had always been
English The British troops have not
only taken charge of all docks, ware
houses and military establishments, but
also Of the municipal administration.
With lavish use of money, new docks
and warehouses are being erected con
tunuslly, and the whole appearance OF
he harboF has been changed. The
French signs on the stores have mostly
been taken down TO make room for
English ones.
Spends Billions Assembling Supplies.
The war material piled I'D In this
fortified base Of the British army rep
resents = value Of billions of dollars.
II the Germans, who are hardly fifteen
miles away, should ever reach and take
this immense fortified camp they would
find provisions and explosives enough
to supply their army for 1t least six
months.
''When I left Calais the British forces
IN northern France and Flanders num-
bered about two million men, and was
told that this enormous army would be
increased TO three millions by the end
Of February or March,
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
Von Hindenbug Says
SWiss Amy Fine Body,
Each Man a Sharpshooter

Berlin. Germany. Feb IT.-F1sid
marshal Won Hindenburg has q high
opinion of the Swiss army and Rdmires
the excellent qualities OF the citizen
soldiers OF the small republic.
In a converse ton with q neutral war
correspondent the great army leader
aid recently:
Every Swiss soldier is a shorpshoot-
er and a born fighter The discipline
of the very efficient army of the re-
public leaves nothing TO be desired and
! have no doubt that the Swiss are well
able to defend their country against a
foreign invasion Il Is hardly fair.
though. to make comparisons between
the German and the Swiss forces, be-
cause the latter are principally or
ganized and trained 10 defend an enor-
mOusly difficult mountain territory
which in itself is 4 gigantic, almost I'm
peuetrable. natural fortress
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
FINDS oil FIELD
IN ENGLAND, SAYS
SUPPLY ISLARGE
Oil Expert Declares Oil Can
Be Found at 5000 Feet
Near Norfolk.
GOOD GRADE OF
FUEL OIL, CLAIM

UNDON. Ems. Feb. IA rich oil
field exists in England. accordins
L. TO William Forbes-LesHe. The
place where oil has actually been OBJ
tsined by drilling is at Kelham. near
Newark. where 1t was met with At
about 244o feet.
Tt is undoubtedly q true petroleum.
and. though II contains no petrol, 1t
would provide a valuable fuel oil, he
says
l. Ensy To Reach.
Forbes-Leslie. Who has thoroughly
investigated geological conditions. says
that all evidence points @ the oil in
the English oil field being within drill
TT should be possible to Intersect
the first oil-sauds of Northwest Nor
folk between 25o0 and 5000 feet be
low the surface he says The thick
Tess of the oIl-sands or the beds con-
tanning oil of course. cannot be even
approximately measured. but from the
enormous quantity of oil which has
escaped INTO the oil-shale series OF
West Norfolk. the underground re
tanning structures must be Of cOnsid-
cradle extent. and should still contain
vas- quantities of petroleum"
The we'll AT Kelham automatically
yielded from five to eight gallons of
liquid ueU oleum daily. Notwithstanding
the facr that the oil had to free itself
and rise TO the surface against the
pressure Of q column of oil in the
boring
l. InexhaustibIe.
FOrbes-LeSlie describes the Norfolk
oil source as practically ineXhausi-
BILE"
From time 10 time escapes OF oil
have been known I'm England, but have
not resulted in any drilling activity
n Southgate Colliery. Clowne, near
Chesterfield. a spring Of oil and water
flowed 20 TO 10O gallons day"
No country. saws FOrbes-Leslie. has
been SO generally bored for oil as
Britain. and yet no country has been
less tested at great depth.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
Switzerland Orders an
Inquiry Into Fate Of a
Woman in France as Spy

Berne Switzerland, Feb. 1.-THE
Swiss minister in Paris has been in
structed to ask for information in re-
gard TO the fate OF Nine Dasays. who
was sentenced 10 death for espionage
by a French military court on No
vember 20 last It is feared she was
executed.
The alleged spy was born in Paris
IN 1870. the daughter Of a German
mother and q Luxembourg father
About 20 years ago she married a
Swiss citizen, and it IS believed that
she was a subject Of Switzerland at
the time % her arrest and conviction
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
France Has 100000 Negroes IN Army
ENGLAND FORMS ARMY OF WOMEN
Duchess To Lose Her
British Country Home

London. Eng. Feb 1.-THE duchess
Of Sutherland. who has become one OF
the best known English women
through her feariessness in admins
tering to the wounded in the first
line dressing stations. viii be deprived
of her country estate in Shropshire
through the action of her husband. who
has been forced 10 sell this well known
country seat
The duke feeling that IT il too great
a burden for him 10 carry any longer,
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
Cambridge OdrSman Who
Rowed Against HdrUdrd
Is British War Victim

London. Eng. Feb. 1.-THE casualty
list issued by the war office contains
the name OF Capt A BrOoks-ClOse-
Brooks. who gained quite a reputation
as an oarsman while representing Cam
bridge against Harvard ia the United
States va 1906
Capt. Brooks di-d OF wounds re
ceived in action In the vicinity OF the
SOmme.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
Russian Losses GiUen
In German Report Show
2,027,853 Since June

Berlin. Germany Feb. 17.-Since Gen.
Brussiloff made his great offensive
on June ! last year. the Russians, ac-
cordins 10 the official reports Of their
central bureau ina Kieff. have lost
.62-S5s men in dead. wounded and
missing The total loss of Russian Of
ficers since the begiuuine or the war
is given as 20S.95S.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
Would Bar Foreigners
From SAKE Coburg-Gothd
Throne When Ruler Dies

Munich. Germany. Feb IA bill
for excluding foreign prices from any
throne is now before the diet Of SAKE
Coburg-Gotha. The chief aim of the
measure is to make il impossible for
any English prince TO become duke OF
Coburs I'm the event of the present
duke. who is a grandson of queen
Victoria. dying without a male heir.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
BdUaria Bars Boys and
Old Men From The Army

Munich. Bavaria. Feb. 1.-THE Ba-
varian war ministry announces that
the number of volunteers for the aux
Hilary service Surpasses all eNpecta-
lions ami that until further notice 10
more BOYS under I. or men over 50
years VIII be accepted.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
$1,000 Verses Submitted
In Annual Poetic Contest

Toxic. Japan. Feb. 17-Thirty-seyen
thousand verses have been submitted
by the japanese people in the annual
poetic competition under imperial
auspices. This year the subject IS The
Distant snow clad Mountain" At the
final examination six poems will be
selected and read before the emperor
and empress
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
Ancient Chinese Armor Found In House
iii -:Ii:- -:Ii:- -::- -::-
Rare Poreelain Hidden II Secret Room

CTTASSBURG, Germany, recently
- old Judengae Jew Wingmu making al
- il filled
Tie which evidently hidden the city IN
and Wil
the died ami lett 40 legal heirs
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
German Soldier Swallows False Teeth
-:.I- -:I- -:l;- III Ill
Nearly Starves Until Cut From Throat

IA wounded
X his teeth when he fell The
- of TO Berlin after
wounds and
oonb a skeleton
An Nraye the
throat rapidly young doctor
ucee IN removing swallowed teeth
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-02-17
Countess To GiUe
Home For Hospital

London. Feb. 17.-The countess of
Warwick, VINO has been prominent in
relief work among the war sufferers
The Glenwood post., 1917-06-30
COMB TO W.D6WooD

Glenwood springs has . nams The
country over - one Of the 2rettisst
and most desirable little cities in which
to make . homo. Those who have trav.
eled in the east and in the west are
charmed with Glenwood and unsu1pass.
ed natural advantages. It IL dssti.ed
to become THE residence city Of the
Western Slope. Why not secure fsr
yourself homo in this beautiful up-so-
date little city. The new 0arfisld
County High school win add much 10
the sttrsctivensa Of the plaes - .
homo city. -....
I can offer you bargain IN . splsl.
did residence location. -Four lots On .
corner, six room house in good eendi.
ton; large coal house and hldlinS
bin; 3 chicken houses with ample rson
and lots for over 800 fowls; nice gar.
den with plenty Of room for more;
bearing eherry trees. Pleaty Of rosu
for building large residence o. three o.
four cottages. $1,000 win Aa.dls u.
property a.d Ne balance ea. b paia in
easy installnelts. Rsas0hss 4-lst
s9,1ss 80 aigAt ssarss 1. 0lsswssd
Il - v..s . 0ssa tAin4 ~ - ssost
~ r. Dssss b hGAA
m 4. !. Da0DoN.
The Glenwood post., 1917-06-30
HOW ABOUT YOUR HEALTH7

Are You we'll, or just near-welli
Possibly you are really sick, OF possibly
your vigor and energy are below par.
Read the Hygienist and how to eat
and to care for your body SO you will
get we'll and be certain of real health
and Unlimited energy. The Hygienist
is monthly magazine edited by Dr..
R. R. Daniels, a regular contributor TO
this paper. Just to get acquainted We
will send you six Of our best back
numbers for twenty-five cents.
THE HYGIENIsT PUBLISHING CO..
Majestic Bldg, Denver, Colo.
The Glenwood post., 1917-06-30
A RRAvE MOTHERS LETTER
AND THE PREsIDENT's REPLY
Mothers Letter to the President

Mothers Letter to the President
Perhaps you will think me presump-
tuous to write letter to you, but We
are all one thing-loyal Americans.
simply wish to let you know what one
West Virginian mother has done for our
country. l have sent two stalwars,
strong, healthy boys to the front.
While it hurt me very much to bid
them goodbye, as L may never see
them again, yet l know that our couu.
try needs them and 1 must not mind a
few more pangs, must I?
Mr.. Wilson, it makes ME angry to
hear some women talk. They say, %,
Mrs. Meyer, how can you stand it to
see your big, strong boys 60 away! It
would kill me if mine would have to
CO. and so forth. 1 tell them my boys
are not towards, that they volunteered
as my father and brother did in the
COS, and that if such boys as mine did
not go, who would go? The cripples,
lame, or blind!
We preach patriotism to our children
when the country needs them, let them
hide behind our backs mot y and ask
them to be exempted, as one of my
neighbors did whose son was working
away from home, but came to help
pop on the farm and fired the hire.'
man to make room for the son, large,
husky boy of 81.
And now one word more. l highly
approve of what you have done, name
ly, sending troops over the water to put
down this rebellion and stop this war
business, this slaughter of the innocent.
I took my sons in my arms, asked God
to bless them, told them to be true to
their country and not forget their
mother.
Presidents Reply
Your letter of June 13 has warmed
my heart. Your feeling about your
sons is the feeling which I should think
every mother in whom the true spirit
Of motherhood and of Americanisln
dwells would have, and like to believe
that it is true that the country is full
of mothers of the same heroic and self
sacrificing sort.
1t quickens my pulse and strengthens
my belief in the splendid capacity OF
this country to meet every crisis of this
sort to receive such message as you
have been gracious and kind enough to
send me, and I shall treasure it in my
heart as typical expression of devot-
ed American womanhood.
The Glenwood post., 1917-06-30
THE SCHOOL CH1ID's HEALTH

The September number Of the HY.
CHEMIST magazine will be the School
Children 3 number. 1t will contain val
liable articles by specialists on the
food, clothing and general care Of the
school child, including the teeth and
eyes. Give your child all the advsn-
tage of perfect health. Send ten cents
for this number to THE HYGIEN1sT
CO., MAJESTIC BLDG,
DENVER, COLORADO.
The Glenwood post., 1917-06-30
HOW APPENDICITIS
CAN BE PREVENTED

Glenwood people should know that a
few doses Of simple buckthorn bark,
glycerine, ETC., rs mixed in Adler.i.ka,
often relieve or prevent appendicitis.
This simple mixture removes such sur.
prising foul matter that ONE SPOON.
Full relieves almost ANY CASE con.
stipstion, sour stomach or gas. A short
treatment helps chronic stomach trou.
bic. Adler-i-ka has easiest and most
thorough setion Of anything ws evs.
sold. Chas. D. Barnes. druggist. a-5
The Glenwood post., 1917-06-30
HOW SHALL We
PAY FOR The war?
4 Constructive Criticism on the
House Revenue Bill.
LOANS BETTER THAN TAXES

Five Reasons Why Excessive Taxes at
the Outset Of War Are disadvantage.
ous-Grsat Britain Example Worthy
of EmuIation-How the Taxes Should
Be Apportioned.
The Glenwood post., 1917-06-30
NOTICE OF SPECIAL
STOCKHOLDERS MEETING

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that
special meeting of the stockholders
of The Roaring Fork Plaster Company
will be held at the office of the com
pany in the First National Bank in
Glenwood Springs, Colorado on Tues
day, the 18th day of July, A. D. 1917,
at the hour of '2:3O O'Clock p. m of
said day, for the purpose of consider
ing the propriety of dissolving such
corporation.
Said meeting is called pursuant TO
the order of the Board of Directors of
said corporation.
Dated June 6, A. D. 1917.
60 IA R. J. MORSE,
Secretary,
The Glenwood post., 1917-06-30
WANT A GLENWooD HoME7

am offering for sale at bargain,
or might trads on a good ranch a six.
room cottage with bath, located on
four lots, with berries, plenty Of room
for garden, garage etc. House in good
condition but too small for present
owner, which is only reason for offer
ing it. If interested inquire Of
A. ]. DICKSON,
The Glenwood post., 1917-06-30

WANTBD-We want property to sell.
If worth the money, we can move it.
See our advertisement under "Real
Estate For Sale" If your property
were thus advertised it would move,
wouldn't it!
THE SHOWER-WEISH INV, co,
III Grand Avenue,
Glenwood Springs, Colo.
The Glenwood post., 1917-06-30
1oo AA1sb

Six room house In eosA condition and
four lots n god rsasds,ss portis. Of
Glenwood Splendid leeatio. for .
number Of cottages. Owner win naks
good price and give satisfactory
terns On part Of snoasA Oall q Nd
office for paztis1lan
The Glenwood post., 1917-06-30
kWWooD raorW1Y 20 nAo0

Parties having G.<fieA sssat.
~.sAss v disposs Il wAs win taks y
pavnsat AsAsaSls 0lsaweei pss1ssty,
IN - veil " nAAs tAsis waats k.sws
= - = I lave . nv tssass = 1baS
- y vtsv. 4 J. DeolDo0.
The Glenwood post., 1917-06-30
0tsts Of Ohio, City Of TOLEDO. / .
Iuoaa CatHfY u.

Lucas County, -.
Frank J. Cheney makes oath that he IN
.sn!or psItner Of the a!m ef J.. J. Cheney
2 Co.. doing business IN the CITY Of "a.
IN - arm VIII peY the. susn q one
~ ease Of Catarrh that Cannot be cured
t..sIe.r FRANK j. CHENEY.
eWogA to before me and Subscribed in
~ peeesncs. this eth day Of December.
Ei6ea0 osH A. ". GLEASON,
Aa33's catarsh Cure 10 taken internai,v
cose ssffsesS 81 ne System. sena Mu Wo- so,
..T q tHENnY q CO, Toledo. o.
ss. z .,!s 4" ,sss ,Sssssss; ~: e. e, ......,.,,..