davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11
Appeal to Reason
Pioneer Socialist
Paper, Backs War

GIRARD, Kan, Dec. 1o.-The "Ap-
peal to Reason" pioneer Socialist
organ in the United States. has es-
poused the "ws- Of defence" Of tho
United States and the Allies against
Prussian militarism. according to r
statement here tonight by Louis Kope-
lin. editor Of the paper.
president Wilson's clear and def
mite statement OF war aims before
Congress last Tuesday is mainly re-
spongible Cor the Appeal to Reasons
espousal Of the war; the statement
said
Beginning with the issue Of Deem
ber %. the name Of the paper will he
changed 20 "Tne New Appeal" ito
more distinctively conform to its
broader national and international
policy" the statement said.
Socialists are vigorously opposed to
imperialism" continued Mr.. Kopelin's
statement, "and while they never sus-
pected the motive Of America they were
not so sure Of some ot the influential
elements in the Allied governments.
Until the President made his address
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11

BERLIN, Dec. S (via London. Dee.
10).-The marriage here to-day Of
Count Christian Gunther Won Bern
storT, son of the former Ambassador
to the United States, and Mrs. Mar
gueritc Vivian Burton Thomson, or
Burlington, New Jersey, is reported by
the Berlin newspapers.
BURLINGTON. y. j., Dec. 10.-Mrs.
Marguerite Vivian Burton Thomson,
married on Saturday, according TO re-
ports from Berlin, to Count Christian
Gunther Won Bernstorf, son Of the for
mer ambassador TO the United States,
has accomplished childhood passion,
for old school friends here to-day re-
membered that years ago she told them
she would some day he countess.
II was when she was a pupil at the
Rensselaer, Seminary. q byterian
institution here, that she frequently
told girl friends of her ambitions, and
they in fun nicknamod her countess
Il remember we'll how Marguerite
used to entertain Us by. her tales OF
the things she would do when she grew
up." said one Of her old schoolmates to-
day. "Sne had the looks and graces
even then sufficient TO win her royal ut
tcntions."
Burlington remembers the countess
as a girl OF vivacious beauty. She
was born twenty-eight years ago IN
Stroudsburg, Penn, the daughter o.
Nj. and Mrs. Charlton Burton, her
father a young Englishman, her mother
an unusually handsome Maryland girl.
Her parents entered upon a stage ca
reer. Marguerite and sister were
adopted by prominent families Mar
guerite by Mr.. and Mrs. Edward j.
Thomson. Of Burlington, the former
the treasurer Of Philadelphia insur-
nnce company. Her sister lives IN Den
yer.
Marguerite attended the Presbyterian
seminary here, and later the Mount
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11
German Tells of Plots
Hatchcd in Chicago

DETROIT, Dee. 11.-William NJ. ia
rosch. one OF twelve persons originally
indicted with Albert Kaltschmidt on a
dynamite conspiracy charge, was placed
on the stand as a government witness
at the resumption OF the trial OF kalt-
schmidt and five others here to-day.
Jarosch swore that he was 8 sergeant
in the United States artillery stationed
at Houston. Tex, and that prior to
coming to the United States, in 1918, he
was on-commissioned officer I, the
German army.
He testified that Kaltsehmidt engaged
him TO 20 TO Canada TO blow up fac
tories and other property. The bomb
plots. be said. were discussed in the
German consulate at Chicago. lie i'm
plieated in this discussion c. A. Jacob
son. former German consul; August
Hermann and Max Schultz.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11
McAdoo's Charge Does
Not Surprise Wall St.

Secretary NcAdoo's statement Tint
German influences Nere responsible for
no sale FOO this Market Of Liberty
bonds below Che subscriptiog price oc-
udoned no surprise in Wall Street
yesterday.
h is understood the Secretary's ac-
.asa,ior was based on information fur
ni.hed by representatives, Of the largest
financial interests iu this city.
The stock Exchange appointed com
-ittee some weeks ago 20 look into
these transactions. but made no public
report. It is assumed Secretary Nc
Aioo had adviccs from trustworthy
sources here.
The lowest price az which the LIB
sry IS have sold on the Stock EN-
lrsrge was 91-3 per cent under the
.sbssripton price-whiie the 8l2s,
rhjeh we're exempt from TAXATION.
vent down 81 one time 20 S7i2.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11

Dusales Academy. q convent school
near Baltimore. Following her gradua-
tion She married James II. Birch, jr..
Of Burlington, but they soon separated
and a divorce was procured.
While in New York the young di-
vorcee met Baron Walter Won Roedick,
a member Of the German Embassy in
England. She later went 20 Europe on
& tour. and they were married in Lon
don in 1911. Her husbands father
was a general in the German army and
great personal friend of the old En-
perOr. Two years later the baroness
sled suit for divorce on the grounds nf
cruelty.
She met her present husband. whose
mother is an American, and who re-
Ceiyed part Of his own education IN this
country. while In London in 1913.
Young Won BcinstorF has been serv-
ing in the German army, ana was re-
Gently invali1ed home severely wound
Cd. Owing 20 the war restrictions on
correspondence. her foster parents here
have heard nothing from Countess Won
Bcr1storlf since March, and have been
anxious a. 10 her safety.
-Four years ago, while she was Baron
es5 Won Roedics, the countess fell heir
10 an estate of 100000 from her foster
mother. Mira. Thomason.
Shortly after her first marriage here
the present countess, in national
beauty contest conducted by New
York newspaper, was awarded first
prize.
Count von BernstorF s. twenty-siz
years old. lie visited the United States
with his father in 1911, and In June,
1913, he entered The Offices Of Speyer &
Co., New York bankers, AZ junior
clerk. He spent about year In the
banking house before entering the Ger
man diplomatic service.
IN February. 1915, the Iron Cross was
conferred upon him, and az Christmas
time that year he was reported i'll in
Berlin.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11
|niie Declares Neutrality
Between u. S. and Austria

NN TACO, Chile. Dec. i0.-The gov
t..Sin.sni to-day issued q decree Of neu-
S..3 in The war between the United
es ana Austria-Hungary
,.m reply 20 the governments appli-
s.n'h neh last October FOR permission 20
Gssste German steamships laid up in
i.san ports. the German government
49, ouered 70 lease three vessels Of
n .. 10000 tons each for $4,000
rs.N3 r.st3niy provided no saltpctre. coal or
Tls b. carried In them. s
,...tqte newspapers say these terms are
- sa'o' i've. The "Diario Illustrado"
sn nermsny b. continuing her policy
"a, t.slstneting maritime tonnage, even
'e ne neutralS.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11
German Cotton a Mystery
Teuton Offers to Export Goods
to Cause Embargo Inquiry

WASHINGTON. Dec. l0.--Germsn oi'
fors - export large quantities Of cot
ton goods. reported to-day to the bl-
reau ca Of Foreign and Domestic Com
r,Srce rc~ by the commercial attache at
conenbaGen. will result in close in
yestigation Of embargo workings TO de-
,srr,inr il the enemy is receiving IA"
cotton through neutral countries.
Ogicials of the bureau are incline -
- bsiirve nat bids for trade are but
another evidence Of Germsny's game
of "bluf." to cultivate sympathy ~
nertral nations ard 20 deceive the
world rs to true Internal conditions
behind the Rhine.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11
Thomas B. Love Nominated
To Be McAdoo's Assistant

WASHINGTON, Dee. 10.-Thomss Il.
Love, of Dallas. Tex, was nominated
to-day to be Assistant Secretary Of tha
Treasury, 70 i'll one OF the new ofie,
created for the war.
Mr. Love probably will be assigned
70 supervise the work Of the War Risk
Insurance Bureau, now under Assistant
Secretary Rowe. and Of the Internal
Revenue Bureau. For several weeks
ne has been 4 volunteer assistant q
Internal Revenue Commissioner Roper.
helping or draft income tax regula
tions. He IS 4 lawyer, and formerly
was State Commissioner Of Insurance
and Banking IN Texas.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11
Jailed for Seditious Talk

PATERSON. n. j., Dee. 20. -
Hendrick Vandermade. 81 years old,
who said that he was born in Holland.
was sentenced 70 serve one year in the
penitentiary to-day By Acting Recorder
Kushner for shouting Ito hell with the
United States"
Nandcrmade was arrested last night.
after crowd, which had listened 20
his attacks on the country for few
minutes, had begun 20 give him bad
beating. When policeman arrived.
Nandermade begged him 90 save him
from the irate citizens.
tie tod Recorder Kushner that he
was drunk at the time and had not
meant what he said.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11

democracy, and 20 be consistent it must
uphold the present world battle for
democracy.
81 cannot understand what excuse
there remains for the German Socialists
70 support the Kaiser. now that the
defence OF the Fatherland' argument
has been so neatly disposed OF by Presi-
dent Wilson. The only nations that are
fighting war Of defence are the Allies.
A glance at the military map will easily
prove that"
"The Appeal 20 Reason" was founded
in 1895 aud long has been one of the
strongest mouthpieees OF Socialist
sentiment.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11
Loyalty in Classes
Urged on Teachers
No Place in Schools for Those
Who Are Lukewarm, They
Are Warned

Notices we're sent 80 all teacheIe III
,he hirh schools Yesterday that it Is
their duty 20 inculcate sentiments Of
loyalty in their pupils. The action fol-
owed the recent investigation by As
ss.snt Superintendent Of Schools John
L. TldsIey into charges that Socialist
ilterna,ioralst and pacifst teachers
we're showing Indifference 20 disloyal
sentiments expressed by pupils in high
ttools located -r sections Of the city
yhsre rad.oausm 3 rampant.
The notice uas sent by DR.. Tiidsley
% the high school supeuntendents' It
consisted Of parts OF a communication
By State Commis sioncr Of Education
John H. Finley. and said:
As 20 ourselves. the teachers. rep
stsent.rg ar ue do the state, which has
iatF1sted 90 ls her most precious pos
session, thsrc i. just one answer. We
nast do with OUT mind and daily
speech what the soldier does with his
ooey snL 1 dis daily training or fight
.ag that , .upport our country in
re cause t0 which 10 is committed in
p cvu defence and that of human
freedom.
The same degree OF loyalty is asked
OF Teacher as OF "a soldier. II "a
leather cannot give chat unqucstioning
H| Hs.rH 20. D.
wv Individual freedom IN time %
Peaee possible, his place De- not in the
ehool. ] u.. not say where n is,
olsoi a'l places iu the world he should
1o' be in ttc school as the Representa-
I'VE Of bis country.
Pro-Germanism in Textbooks
glstave Straubenmullcr, Associate
Siiy supeun,cudcnt of Schools, yester-
"a! received from snecial inyestlCat-
~ committee lst of German text
.'oAs used n the high schools. which
s charged. contain pro- German
Eoi gauda. Quotations from the books
lleh are considered Objectionable are
.eng marked with q view Of recon-
-snaing % the Board Of SJpcrintend-
lIH that Che text, be dropped from the
s-hoois To was said Yesterday that u
solla be week before the books could
., properly examined.
N fe,ponsc 20 q request from Will
~ 70. Wilcox, president o. the Board
Laucaton; DR.. Thomas +. Fincgau,
sa-..s,.stlnt state Commissioner Of Edu-
1oa' with three assistants, yesterday
81 an lnvcstigatiou Of the Gary sys-
Nn n ine New York City schools. Mr..
,.oA NcoA made Che request when the
.e'ecton riots against the system
.{t in progress. but it was deemed
--'tapll % nostnnne action until new.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11
Jews Progressive in Colombia

The most progressive elemehl ~
Colombia is said TO be. not the opahish
population or the natives, but a jews
people called Antioquians, wnoo, nav E
ni5 Testament names, raise families OF
from twelve 70 thirty children and are
East becoming the dominant power IN
tho land both in numbers and IN IN
fluence.-San Francisco Argonaut.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11
Mrs. Gerard Undergoes
Operation for Appendicitis

An operation Tor appendicitis was
performed upon Mrs. James W. Gerard,
wife of the former Ambassador TO Ger
many, Yesterday at the Ritz-Carlton
Hotel The operation was successful,
it was said, and the condition OF Mrs.
Gerard is encouraging.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11
20 Cbilds Strikers Arrested

Sixteen men and four women former
omnioves of Childs' restaurants. now
on sfyike were arrested yesterday
charged with interference WIN peue,s'
trians. Nine Of the men were tshTn 81, :.
front OF the restaurant az % VIZ
Thirtieth Street. Seven otner nien en- s;S
the four women were captutca Mm,
picketing IN front OF 52f Skin A'c"u''
New-York tribune., 1917-12-11
Austrian Editor lnterned
Here by Gregory's Order

Czeslaw Luksszkiewicz. an Austrian
said TO be the editor Of small monthly
paper called Advance published in
baltimore. was arrested ye terday b.
United States Marshal Mccarthy on
receipt OF q. telegram from the Marshal
at Baltimore. The man vas ordered
interned by Attorney General Gregory
"under the Presidents proclamation"
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03
Typhoid Fever at Grand Gulch.

" dShington County Meas There
is an epidemic of typhoid fever at
the Grand Gulch mine, several cas-
es being reported. Bert Fawcett,
Jr., of this city is very i'll with it
there. Delmar Blair Of this city
has returned home suffering with
it. Arnold Ashworth OF Beaver
City, who left here for the mine,
has returned to his home, also
Frank Averett of Washington, both
afflicted with the disease.
1t is reported here that both cooks
at the boarding house are down
with it, and that a number of cases
have been sent to St. Thomas for
treatment. The outbreak is believed
to be due to the drinking water.
The Grand Gulch should be "a
voided until sanitary conditions
can be established.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03
Mr.. and Mrs. Joshua Walker
Lose Infant.

Mr.. and Mrs. Joshua Walker
suffered a sad bereavement yester-
day in the death of their three
months old daughter, Pearl. The
little one was taken quite suddenly
i'll last Sunday evening and has
grown steadily worse until it passed
away on Thursday evening. DR..
Macfarlane was called and pro-
nounced it intestinal trouble; not
withstanding that everything pos
sible was done for the little suffer
err, she was called to the great be-
yond. The sympathy Of the COM
munity goes out to The stricken
parents in their time of trial.
Funeral services for the little one
will be held this afternoon at four
o'clock.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03
Notice of Intention to Tax.

To Whom IL May Concern
Notice is hereby given of the in
tention of the City Council of Ce-
dar City. Utah., to levy a special
tax and provide for the assessment
upon the property hereinafter des-
cribed abutting on the east and
west sides of Main street, between
Center street and First North
street, excepting Lots 2 and 3, in
Block 81, Plat B. Cedar City Town
Survey, in Paving District No. 1
of said Cedar City.
The purpose of said tax is to de-
fray the expense of constructing a
cement curb and gutter on east and
west sides of said Main street, be-
tween said Center street and First
North street, said curb to be 10
inches high, 10 inches wide at the
base and 8 inches wide at the top,
and said gutter to be approximate
ly 8 IL inches thick and 2 feet and
9 inches wide, according to plans,
prohIes, and specifications of said
curb and gutter on file in the Office
of the City Recorder of said Cedar
City, at a total estimated cost of
$3,564.OO.
The property to be especially af-
fected and benefited by such i'm
provement is Lots 4 to 10, both in
cluded, in Block 81, Plat B, Cedar
City Town Survey, abutting on the
east side of said Main street, and
Lot | and Lots IL to 10, both in
cluded in Block 80, Plat b, Cedar
City Town survey. abutting on the
west side of said Main ST., said tax
to be assessed at an equal and uni
form rate in accordance with the
linear feet frontage upon said por-
ton of said Main street.
Said City Council will consider
said proposed levy at rhe Library
Auditorium in said Cedar City, a,
eight o'clock p. m, on Saturday
August 18th, A. D. 1917.
By order of the City Council OF
Cedar City, Utah.
Dated August 2, 1917.
JOSHUA Fl. Arthur,
City Recorder
(First Aug3-Last Aug. "a, 1917
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03

Now is the time to begin reading
the NJ. I. A. course. The entire set
is in the public library embracing
the following titles: The Three
Things, M. s. Andrews; Coniston,
Churchill Life of Edison, Wheel
err; Snow-bound, Whittier How to
Get Ahead, Atwood; Florence
Nightingale, Richards.
The books bestowed upon the Ii
brary by Mrs. B. w. Briggs are
Nedra, McCutcheon; Comrades,
Dixon; Miss Civilizations Davis +;
Ne'er-do-well, Beach.
New books for rental are: Mr..
Brittline Sees it Through, Happy
Valley, The Nest Builders, Held
to Answer, The Blue Envelope and
The Thoroughbred.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03
CEDAR CITY SOLDIER
EARNS RECOGNITION

Word is received here by the
family of Lawrence Haslam, a Ce-
dar City volunteer, of the distinc-
ton he has won in the marksman-
ship tests held, with light field ar
tillery. Lawrence proved the best
marksman of his regiment, and was
awarded a silver medal for his good
work. In writing home he enclosed
a card bearing the following poem.
Mr.. Haslam is stationed down in
Texas at one Of the training camps
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03
PROGRAM FOR REGULAR
WEEKLY CONCERT.

The Southern Utah School of
Music offers the following program
for the regular weekly concert,
which occurs at the Cedar City tab
ernacle next Tuesday evening, in
stead of Sunday evening, as here
tofore:
The program will be given entries
" by the students of Miss Evange-
line Thomas, assisted by Dorret
Evans Woolley, pianist and Ken
meth R~oylance, violinist.
PROGRAM
Persian Serenade, James Francis
Cooke-Mona Uric.
Duet, Whispering Hope
Kathleena and Della Matheson.
May Pole Dance, Bugbee-Edrie
Cory.
My Shadow, Hadley; "My Ain
Folk" Laura G.. Lemmon-Gwen-
dolyn Jones.
L,eibeStreud (violin) KreiSler-
Kenneth Roylance,
O Moon Upon the Water, Cad
man--Pauline Wood.
Piano Solo-Della Matheson.
Santanitca, Arthur A Penn Res
ignation, Cara Roma-Mae Lunt.
Old Refrain, Kreisler; O Prom
ise Me, De Kiven-Thelma Viii
Jams.
Piano Solo-Kathleen Matheson
And God Shall Wipe Away AL
Tears, Cara Roma-Eula Lunt.
LeibeSroam, LiSgt-Dorret Ev.
ans-Woolley.
Who is Sylvia, Schubert-Kath
lueen Matheson.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03
A SOLDIERS

As he marched away from mis- home tina
day,
He was gone with many q cheer;
He left his sweetheart and friends be
hind.
Dut one he loved so dear.
IL was his leaf old mother.
Who stood there all alone.
. Before her boy would be home.
But now he's down in Texas.
BY the flowing Rio Grande:
And he makes his bed each evening
On the lonely Texas m
And az he lies a dreaming.
OF his home far away,
II o could only read his dream.
These words they'd seem to say:
Mother, dear. I'm dreaming OF you.
And ! long for you each day,
Though I'm n soldier on the border
And you're many miles away.
But don't worry loving Mother.
For / will return some day.
And bring back that loving freedom,
That they tried to steal away.
But no matter where I soldier.
Always bear this In o u mind:
/ am fighting for you Mother.
And Old Glory all the time"
BY HARRY SPENCER.
31st Mich. Inf
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03
DR.. M%acfarlane reports that he is
now convalescing nicely.

J.. n. Marsden OF Parowan was
in town last Wednesday attending
to business pertaining to the gov
eminent draft Of soldiers. Sheriff
Fife, DIR. M%acfarlane and others of
the board have their hands full
these days checking up the list, no
tifying the parties drawn and look
ing into the cases of exemption.
Each man will receive his notice
when to appear before the county
physician for medical examination,
etc.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03

Vergean Simkins while working
in thte hills yesterday split one of
his feet open with an AK, severing
an artery. He was brought to town
by Morgan Rollo and his cousin,
and taken to the Macfarlane Hos
pital, where his wounds were at
tended to and the patient made as
comfortable as possible.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03
BY HARRY N
31st Mich. Inf.

Some of the farmers will soon
begin cutting their grain. 1t is re-
ported that the crop is the best for
some years, and with an increased
acreage we should be in a pc
ton to at least bread ourselves this
year, without importing flour from
the north.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03
No7c is the best time to subscribe
Deafness Cannot Be Cured

by local applications. as they cannot reach
the diseased portion OF the ear. There 10
only one way to cure deafness. and that 10
by constitutional remedies. Deafness is
caused by an infiamed condition OF the mu-
cous lining OF the Eustachian Tube. when
this tube 10 infamed you have a rumbIing
sound or imperfect hearing, and when IL 10
entirely closed, Deafness is the result. ana
unless the can be taken out
and this tube restored to it's normal condt-
ton. hearing will be destroyed forever: nine
cases out of ten are caused by Catarrh.
which Is nothing but an Unframed condition
OF the mucous surfaces.
We will give One Hundred Dollars for any
case Of Deafness tcaused by catarrhp that
cannot be cured by Halls catarrh Cure.
Send for circulars. free.
v. J. CHENE a CO, Toledo, OHIO.
Sold by Druggists, 75c.
Take Hairs Family pills for c~onstipstio0.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03

L. N. Marsden of Parowan has
been made a member of the local
Exemption Board, to fill a vacancy
caused by the retirement OF County
Clerk w. Warner Mitchell, who is
disqualified to act because of being
of military age.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03

Mr.. and Mrs. Frank. ]. Larson
are receiving congratulations from
their friends on the desert for a
nine pound baby girl. born We'd
nesday at Beaver. Mr.. Larson
left post haste on receipt of the
news, but who could wonder at it,
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03

Erland Flower was operated on
at the Southern Utah Hospital this
morning for the removal of a ma
lignant growth from his great toe,
which had given him trouble for
several years.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03

The arrival of a baby girl at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. Jake Berg
stroms on August lst is reported by
DR.. M~acfarlane. All concerned
doing nicely, and The Record con-
graduates.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03

DIR. Leonard was called to Kan
ARA yesterday to wait upon Mrs.
John Henry Williams. He reports
the arrival of a son and heir. Mrs
Williams is doing nicely and John
Fl. is wearing a broad smile.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03

Mrs. Bringhurst of Toquerville
is in town for a few days interview
ing a local dentist. and visiting
with her daughter, Mrs. S. r. Will
kinson.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03

Harvey Rosenberg and John Kay
are the two latest volunteers from
Cedar City to proffer their services
for Uncle Sans new army. They
accompanied Sergeant Ashby to
Salt Lake City last Monday. No
demonstration marked their de-
,parture and few knew OF teir going.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03

Quite a number of local markets
have been shipping in raspberries,
cherries, and other small fruits
from the north. The products have
been on sale at Leigh & Bieder-
mans, the Cosy Corner and Woods
Toggery.
Iron County record. [volume] (Cedar City, Utah) 1893-1982, 1917-08-03

Mrs. Maycock. County demon
strator, is giving a demonstration
of the cooking of eggs at the B. A..
c. kitchen this afternoon.