davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20
President Wilson ExpeCtedto Declare
 Shortly That a State of War Exists

serted that everything they grew in their gardens was reQuisitioned by the Germans and the sole means of sus- taining life was the food distributed by the Americans. Every month the mayors or other village fuuctionaries were called together where tho Ameri. can representative gave out supplies and life was sustained simply by this means.
 At Candor nearly two hundred wom. en and children were left in German hands at the beginning of the war The young men and girls were all carried off 10 Germany, their parents even now being ignorant of their whereabouts. Those remaining were compelled to do all kinds of work without payment and when for relig- ious reasons they refused to work on Sunday they were fined. Even boys under l3 years of age assert that they were driven often under fire to dig ditches or small trenches for military telephone wires.
 All schools had been closed since the German occupation.
 The inhabitants assert that the Ger man soldiers told them weeks ago that they were about to retreat as they were not able to withstand the con- stant attacks from the entente allies on all parts of the line, and, further, that they were suffering from a short age of food supplies. These statements confirm information that new military works have been under construction for some time past far in the rear of the German front line
 There appears to be no uoubt in military circles that the pressure brought to bear during the Somme bat ties hastened the Germans decision to retreat. The French now are every where close upon their heels To- day the advance guard of the French army kept in constant touch with the German rear guard and French aYl- ators watched and reported the prog ress of the retreat, while German air men were invisible. Indications on all sides show that the retirement of the Germans is becoming even more extensive
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20
GERARD PLEADS
 FOR PREPAREDNESS
CALLS ATTENTION TO PROBLEM OF DEALING WITH THE ALIEN
 ENEMY POPULATION.

New York. March 19.--James w. Gerard, former ambassador to Ger many, in an address before the New York Chamber of Commerce today urged his hearers to 90 forth as mis. sionaries of preparedness. He said he favored preparedness because he be lieved that universal military service as practiced in Germany was the best training and discipline for q nation. The United States, he said, was iu st now in "an unpleasant position anI unprepared for what might come"
 "It is only when the military are given absolute control" he continued, that there is any danger from mili- tarism and there is no need 10 fear militarism where equal opportunity is afforded. This opportunity can be found only in a civilian government and Germany is ruied entirely by a military government
 Mir Gerard predicted that if war should come the United States would be faced with great problem in dealing with "our alien enemy popu- lation."
 "The question is,' he said, shall wo intern them as was done in Germany. or shall we allow them to roam at large destroying bridges or anything else they can?'
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20

New York, March 19.--WitA the nationwide railroad strike averted and the Adamson act declared uncons- titntional, the controversy that has ragged between the railroads and their employees for nearly a year over the question of hours and wages today passed into history
 Appealed to hy the presidents medi tators to wield on the grounds of patriotism to the demands Of the em- ployes, the railroads just before day break today con anted to an agree. Tent whereby the emplcyes receive the eighthonr asic workday and pro rata pay for overtime, the same as that provided by the Adamson law Several hours later the United States supreme court upheld the constitution ality of the Adamson act and what the hrctherhoods already had obtain ed by their threat to call a nation wide strike at o'clock tonight the supreme court legally assured to them by it's decree.
 All that remain, is to decide how much back pay the employees are en- titled to inasmuch as the agreement signed by both sides and the Adam son law provides that the operation or the new wage and hour schedule shall he retroactive beginning Janu- ary |. The brotherhoods and the rail road managers will consuh on this matter tomorrow to decide how it will be computed IL is estimated the em- ployes have between twelve million and thirteen million dollars coming 70 them.
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20

Joining with the chief justice in sustaining the law were Justices Nc kenna and Holmes--his immediate seniors in point of service-and Jus tiees Brandeis and Clarke, junior members. Dissenting were Justices Day. Vandeyenter. P'tney and McRey- holds.
 The majority uphold the ,.5t.ss.--.,. right to have interstate c9nmerce uninterrupted as a basic jprinciple paramount to interests of the rail- roads or their operatives--both de- clared to be in public service and sub ject to the supreme unrestricted power of congress to take any action neces- sary to maintain freedom and unin- terruption of interstate commerce. Either as a law fixing wages or hours of labor the court decided congress had authority to enact the Adamson statute.
 "The public interest bogets public right of regulation to the full extent necessary to secure and protect it." said the opinion. adding that In the emergency of threatened destructive suspension of national transportation congress acted within it's powers in providing a wage standard and other means necessary 10 protect the public interests.
 It also declared that the Adamson act is neither unavoidable. confis a. tory, experimental nor in excess of congressional railroad regulatory au- thority. but, In effect, was compulsory arbitration. power which 1t (con- gress) undoubtedly possessed' and inevitably resulted from it's authuri- ty to protect interstate commerce in dealing with sltuationN like that DO iSe, fore it."
 Concurring in the main principles enunciated by the majority, Justice McKenna expressed the opinion that the law is an hours-ofservice and not wage.fixing statute. He also sug- gested increase Of railroad revenue probably would be provided if wage increases resulted
 Dissenting plnlons-Justices Day and McReynolds delivering individual views, and Justices Pitney and Vande- venter joining in one announcement
 CONTINUED ON PAGE FOUR
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20

made available by congress 10 hasten naval building plans.
 In addition to his conference with Secretary Daniels, the president saw Secretaries Lansing and McAdoo and William Denman. chairman Of the ea- eral shipping board. and there Was every indication that he was mapping out comprehensive plans for the pro- lection of American interests in any evenualiy
 II is generally conceded that already a virtual state of war exists with Ger. many, in spite of the technical armed neutrality status of the United States. A suggestion advanced tonight was that the president might issue a call for congress to meet within ten days. and in his proclamation point out the situation since he asked for authori- ty 10 establish a state of armed neu. trality No one professed however. 10 be in the presidents confidence.
 Preparation for aggressive action by 'he navy against the German sub marine menace began today at the di- rection Of President Wilson
 Besides authorizing the expenditure of the $ll5,oO0,0o0 emergency fund provided by congress 10 speed up naval construction and pay for special additional war craft the suspension of the eisht-hour labor Iaw in plants on. gagged in navy work was ordered
 Immediately afterward Secretary
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20
German Sailors
 Attempt to Escape
Were Members ofthe eInterned Prinz EiteI Frederick and Kr0n-
 bring Wilhelm.

Philadelphia. March. 19.--Under cover of darkness seven sailors oi the German commerce raiders Kronprinz Wilhelm and Prinz Eitel Friedrich. interned at the Philadelphia navy yard, made an attempt to escape to night. All Were captured by marines and police after shots were fired at them
 A sentry near the raiders heard srlashes in the back channel and fired a warning shot. A police guard near the channel say they saw four of the German sailors swimming about 50 yards from the interned vessels and discharged their revolyers over the heads of the men The four Germans turned and swan back to the Seawall
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20

Washington March President Wilson is expected within the next 4s hours to indicate definitely that he be. heves virtual state of war exists between the United States and Ger many
 News received from Plymouth that Ii men, some of them Americans had been drowned when the American merchantmen Vignancm was sunk without warning by a German sub marine, added, if possible, to the al, ready grave view held here as a re- suit Of the destruction of the Vigil ancia, the Illinois. and the City oI Memphis
 Whether the president will hasten the extra session of congress already caiied or April l6 or will take addi- tioHal steps 10 protect American com merce without this move was not dis closed No official pretended to know his plans and the general view was that he was still considering the ques- ton in his usual deliberate way.
 A cabinet meeting probably will be held tomorrow afternoon and al that time the new situation arising is eX- pectsd to be thoroughly canyassed
 Preparation for aggressive action 10 protect American rights began to- day when the president visited the navy department and directed secre. tary Daniels to utilize the $1l5,0o0o0o
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20

surrendering without resistance,
 Meantime. as a marine detachment was rushed toward the back channel three German sailors slipped into the meadows Running along the seawali to avoid the barbed wire harricade partly encirclng the interned ships. they tried to slip past q sentry, who fired and ran toward the little group Mounted police galloped over the meadows and caught two of the flee ing men. The other one was found soon afterward hiding behind bush.
 While the hunt was in progress tho powerful searchligat Of the cruiser Salem. tied up near the raiders was swung back and forth over the chan nel and the meadows,
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20
MAN WITH PLANS ARRESTED.

Newport News. Va. March l9.-Al- leged to have boasted that he had in his possession complete plans of Fort Hancock. an unidentified man was ar rested Sunday on the Old Dominion steamer Hamilton and taken to the Norfolk navy yard for an investiga- tion, it was learned here today The captain of the Hamilton placed the man under arrest between New York and Norfolk.
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20
WOMEN AND CHILDREN
 GRATEFUL TO AMERICA
The French Troops Are Keeping Close on the Heels of the Retreating Germans, Not Allowing Them a Mo- ment's Respite-Ger mans Burn Vil- lages as They Retreat.

lrom a Staff Correspondent of the Associated Press at the French Front
 in France Sunday, March IS. Via
 Paris, March l9.-The French troops made one of the most significant ad-
 vance since the beginning of the war yesterday and today. Along O.
 kAlomeser tTon some hundreds of
 kiiometers re fell into the hands of the French, while the Germans re. treating movement gave no evidences ot halting. This immediate tract of reconquered territory was traversed today by a correspondent for the Asso- ciated Press, who found the inhabit- ants tearfully joyous at the reappear- ance of their fellow countrymen as yictors.
 Among the first words from the women and children who had been g months in the hands of the Germans, were expressions of gratitude to America.
 Americans have kept us alive: otherwise We would have died Of hunger"
 This was absolutely spontaneous, the stricken people not being aware that an American correspondent was present.
 These people are the first in north eastern France to have an opportuni- ty to give free expression of their feelings and their appreciation of the American efforts in their behalf is an example of the general sentiment in the stricken districts
 Signs of a nasty German departure are visible everywhere and especially in the villages and towns in the shape of houses blown Up by incendiary bombs In the distance burning will lages showed that the retreat was still Here and there were few corpses of German soldiers, evi- dently killed while acting as rear guards. Former German positions are just heaps of scattered wire entansle- ments and the trenches are half filled with water
 supply columns are proceeding in every direction. following the French pursuing troops, who keep close on the heels of the retreating Germans. not allowing them a moments re- spite.
 The Associated Press correspondent entered the area reconquered at las sgny, which suffered badly. not house escaping damage. The joy of the inhabitants at the almost incredi- ble sight of French soldiers entering a town within an hour after Germans departed on Saturday afternoon was every passing French man or ally being embraced. The cor spoke with many women who declared that they owed their own lives as well as those of their children to American relief in the oc- cupied territory.
 At Malmaison farm the Germans evidently opposed with some consid- erable resistance the French advance, the ground about being pierced with shell holes like sieve. Further along in the villages of Casdor and Lagny many women and children still ra- mained. the rapid retirement not per hitting the Germans to carry them off with the mayor, the assistant mayor and other officials, They as-
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20
A FOR RENT AID WILL RENT THAT VACANT ROOM

People looking for rooms turn to the classified ads of the newspapers 10 see what is offered An ad in the Sentinel-Record is almost sure to bring you customer.
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20

CONTINUED ON PAGE FOUR.
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20
MISSOURI A5oLlsHEs
 CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

JeITerson Clty, Narcn l9.-Goy,- ernor Gardner today announced he would sign the bill abolishing capital punishment in Missouri. Life impris- onment will be the maximum penalty for crimes now punishable with death
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20
WEATHER
 FORE ( A ST

Forecast for Arkansas-Tuesday un. settled, scattered showers, warmer in east portion; "Wednesday unsettled.
The Sentinel=record., 1917-03-20
Sinking of American Ships Has Brought the Country to the Breaking Point With Germany.

Preparations for Aggressive Action to Protect American Rights Have Be- gun-,SiXty Submarine Chasers Have Been Ordered to Be Completed With in Eighty Days--Navy Yards Will Be Worked Up to Their Limits.
The weekly Alaska citizen., 1917-12-31
ITALIANS RETAIN OFFENSIVE
 ALONG PIAYE;; HUNS MAKE FEW
 GAINS IN THE ASIAG0 SECTOR
.lAssOcIaLed Press

ASSOCIATED PRESS SUMMARY, Dec 2+-AL though the Ieutons northern Italy have nauguraed cra attacks against the Italian positions, the Italians are the main, retaining the offensive, and i'll one place have succeeded forcing the enemy back the iaVe position, which they had previously held for three days
 The Ieutons have gained some ground i'll the western portion the Asago scctor but have succeeded i'll greatly cndaugeriug the main Italian positions.
 LINES PENETRATED
 ROME, Dec. 2+.-ScycraI strong Teuon attacks ill the the Asiago plateau region especially Ruso and Monte abe, resulted the penetration ot the Italian lines by portion o1 the enemy, according to an oth- uaI announcement made by the office this afternoon The enemy stopped before they reached the main de cnsc works, and unable advance further, although several assaults delivered with great teroc1y Italian attacks ill progress.
 MACEDONIAN OFFENSIVE
 WASHINGTON, D. C., Dec. 24,-Ohcal adyces re ccyed here this afternoon that the Ieuonc forces ill Macedonia have started strong offensive movement on the allied forces that section They have been unable make any pecepUbe progress although great masses ol being used supported by numerous field guns
 It Is believed that the Tcutos assumed the offensive ill order anticipate the allied forward i'll this seco which was scheduled begin few days. How serious te German offensive will prove to be IS uncertain, as possible that large body of German and Austrian troops heretofore the Russian front have been moved to Macedonia.
The weekly Alaska citizen., 1917-12-31
AMERICAN TROOPS WILL BEAR
 BRUNT OF GERMAhI OFFENSIVE
 ON FRENCHFRONT, SAYS BAKER
Associated Press )

WASHINGTON, D. C., Dec 24.-" American troop, will form the principal body o fresh strategic the battIeeds oi Europe declared Secretary Baker today "Ihcy will bear the brunt oi the fighting all points along the western front and this fact IS fully appreciated by the enemy" he said
 The above is embodied in the weekly report oi the department whose experts tac preparations which the Germans making the front, German try CounteraC the ad which the American forces bringing the o the Brit sn and French The weekly review believes that thc Ger activity the west indicates extensive OueaSlH. against the allies in a short time.
 The German general staff apparently hopes to spring terrific attack upon the American forces before they become u,hercd to the trench fighting. The experiment. l. onhdent that they will be able to gain noJu b this, preparations of General Pcrshns sId to ly Aor gh, and the American forces will hand the lm~ big
 prise when they their much vautci offensive tactics.
 T department also is of the opinion that the leu
 apprchensive of the outcome Oi the proposed ot-
 c. Id point to the peace feccrs from the Ger - -O.trlment as an indication of this fact From the ate made by Mr. Baker, it is believed in some guar at the Sannies preparing to take over coa erabc portion of the battlefront and tha they will also b scd supplement British and French forces they ma b. needed It is considered certain ha the training ot Americans in France is practically completed.
The weekly Alaska citizen., 1917-12-31
LATE FIGURES
 HALIFAX DEAD
1sgriatcd Press


 HALIFAX, Dec. 24.-The latest Of ficial estimates = the great Halifax disaster, resulting from the collision of the Belgian relief ship Imo with the French munitions ship Monte Blanc several weeks ago, were pub lished tonight These figures show that l,500 people were killed, moro than 4,0OO badly injured, with mum bers receiving minor wounds, and 10000 homeless. The damage Is es- timated at $50,000,000.
 The work of replacing the losses i progressing rapidly. Contributions for the relief of the homeless poo. have been pouring in every da. since the great calamity. The cit. is taking care of great numbers the homeless poor, and the communi ty is regaining it's former spiri of activity.
The weekly Alaska citizen., 1917-12-31
NINE DIE IN DAWSON FROM
 PNEUMONIA EPIDEMIC; MANY
 ILL; GOLD WEATHER EXTREME
Special to The Citizen)

DAWSON, Y. T., Dec. 2+--Asa result of an epidemic of pneumonia which is sweeping through this camp nine people have died within the last few days and many ill., Hospitals crowded with sufferers The dead are Ernest RlVard former commissioner of public works for this province; James Cassidy insurance man. Caribou Came ron well known veteran miner of the district John NchO- las better known Nick the Barber;' Arthur Row. Mrs. Dan Coates, Mr. Lalancette Bill Powell coal miner; Frank Hale and Edward Slman, pioneer miners of the Yukon
 The epidemic caused by the unusually wealth which has been prevalent here for than month It has been the codes DeCeber recorded in the history of the Yukon Territory the thermometer ranging from fifty to sixty degrees below during the entire time There is indication of break the weather it being colder day than for several days previous.
 The mail service both from Alaska points and from the Outside is badly demorazed While the contractors making every effort get the mails through the weather is cold that it is impossible for either remain for any length of time
The weekly Alaska citizen., 1917-12-31
DEAD
 IN CAR WRECK
\ CSDcTpfe1 pTrSSA

tASsOCf' fe1 Press
 PITTSBURG, Pa, Dec. 24.-Foul teen are dead, including eight wo men and one young girl, and 140 ar injured as the result of a disastrou street car wreck here tonight. A number of the injured will die. l., cry one of the 40 passengers aboard the car was injured
 The car, which was approaching the downtown district loaded with Christmas shoppers, ran away in a tunnel more than mile long. When it emerged from the tunnel, it turned over, and It's speed was so great that it skidded into a store which was crowded with shoppers For tunately none of these were injured While the cause of the car runnin& wild has not been definitely deter mined, 1t Is believed that the auto matic brake system refused to work
The weekly Alaska citizen., 1917-12-31
NEWLANDS DIES
 HEART FAILURE

WASHINGTON, D. C, Dee ,2l Senator Francis Griffith Newiands, ol Nevada, died at his Washington home tonight after a severe attac, of heart trouble. The end was en- tirely unexpected, and only his inn mediate family were present.
 Senator Newlands has been a ia miliar figure in the political life O. the nation for years. He has been in congress for more than 24 years, a member of the house of representa- tives for ten years and the senat- for fourteen years. He was one O. the most active supporters of Pres. dent Wilson, and formerly an ard n, admirer of w. J Bryan.
 The great southwestern section O. the United States owes a great debt to the statesmanship of Senator Newlands. He was the originator and author of the Newlands recIa- nation act while he was in tn,
The weekly Alaska citizen., 1917-12-31
STOWAWAYS ARE
 USED TO HUNGER
|I-eOCi1teI TTtls


 AN ATLANTIC PORT, Dec. 24.- Two stowaways who were discover ed aboard Belgian relief vessel coming into this port have proven 10 be deserters from the German army. They escaped from the Russian front and succeeded in making their way to the port where the relief ship was unloading, and managed to get aboard and hide
 When found they had been with out food for five days, and were al most dead from hunger and thirst. After they had been fed and cared for they said that they were so ac- customed to being hungry that they did not mind the experience at all, and were glad to undergo 1t in or. der to get away from their com mands. They have been turned over to the military authorities and will probably be interned until the war Is over,
The weekly Alaska citizen., 1917-12-31
BIG DECREASE
 IN CASUALTIES
(ASSociated prasSl

tASSOCldteu tDFHSS'
 LONDON, Dec. 24.-The war office tonight announces that the British casualties for last week amounted to 13,919. There were killed on the fields of battle, or died from wounds in hospitals, an additional 2,920, and two others are reported wounded and missing.
 This list is a large decrease in the lists for the same period of time just preceding. Part of this de crease is accounted for by the com parative inactivity of the British forces in all sectors, but it complete, ly refutes the German claims that large numbers of British soldiers have been killed in recent actions in the Ypres and Cambrai sectors.
The weekly Alaska citizen., 1917-12-31
WILSON URGING DEPARTMENT TO
 BE ECONOMICAL
LANsnrLnteA Ir.sst


 WASHINGTON, D. C.. Dec. 2i.- President Wilson today expressed a determination to see that the gov elnment shall practice as well as preach economy. Letters to this ef- feet were sent to all executive de partments today.
 With these letters were sent copies of a circular letter recently sent by Secretary Redfeld to all the bureau chiefs in his department. This letter reads in part as follows. Forget how things were done be fore the war. Eliminate all red tape We must learn with the Ger mans that war will not wait. De lay is the kaiser's ally"
 As a result of the instructions is sued by the President, it is expected that all activities of the government will be greatly speeded up, and the government greatly benefited in its war preparations,