davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
Railroad Valuation.

The greater number OF railroad men
and the majority of real economists
believe that the work of Federal
valuation OF the railroads now in
progress insures no ultimate good to
the railroads or investors, and that
the operation is a waste OF corpora
tion money that might be more effec-
lively expended upon the properties.
The expense OF complying with THE
valuation work in the case of Penn
syIvRnia railroad, for instance. so far
has amounted to 81 ,099. .040, payments
on this account in the last year alone
totalinE more than $4,000
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
American wooIen's Orders.

A report from Boston states that
the American wooien Company has
unflled orders on its books Of more
than $50 900 600. This would seem
suffictent to aIlay any fears share
holders may have lest the companys
earnings for 1917 fall short of those
Of 1915. This is about as large a
volume Of forward business as the
company has ever had waiting for
manufacture.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
MRS. PAUL ARMSTRONG CITED

NEW YORK, March 6.-Papers have
been filed in the surrogates' court cit.
Ing Mrs. Kathryn Calvert Armstrong,
widow of Paul Armstrong, to show
cause why she should not be punish
ed for contempt. She has not filed
an accounting as Administrative of
her husbands estate, which she was
directed to file. The Kirke La Sale
company obtained a judgment against
Armstrong; estate and is trying TO
collect from the assets.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
GAVE OUT FULL NOTE TEXT
State Dept. Held Up No Part Of
Zimmerman Letter.

The State Department indirectly in
dicated today that the Zimmerman
Mexican-Japanese-German plot letter
recently published. was the full text,
and that the Government Is holding
nothing back in SO far as that plot cor
respondence Is concerned. e--'-
The Government, however, Is known
to have other Information concerning
German Intrigue, including presumably
broader knowledge than merely the
German letter, in connection with the
Mexican-Japanese plot.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
/ MANY URGE CHANGE
FOR INAUGURALDAY
Movement for Selection of April
Day Gradually Gaining
Strength. ,

The campaign for later inaugural
date was given impetus today when
the District Commissioners heartily
indorsed the movement begun eight
years ago by Henry B. F. Mcfarland.
then president of the District govern
ing body. - -
At the same time Mr.. Mcfarland
announced a meeting Of Washington
members of the National Committee
on Change in the Inaugural Day, to
be held Thursday afternoon, to deter
mine upon a nationwide campaign to
Influence the next Congress to amend
the Constitution providing for the
public ceremonies late in April.
The fact that many Of the marchers
and onlookers In yesterdays pageant
are I'll today from exposure is another
evidence OF the necessity for a later
date for the ceremonies.
Newman Urges Change.
weather conditions during the past
ten days have demonstrated the need
OF. a liter date for the ceremonies"
Chairman newman, OF Ine bodru VI
Commissioners said.
Though an Improvement on the
few days preceding 1t, the weather
yesterday was far from ideal. Why
not hx date which will permit the
thousands of inaugural visitors to re-
ceive reasonable assurances that they
will not be confronted with bliz-
zard? am in sincere sympathy with
the plan to change the date"
49,. BrownIow 4 Proponent. --
ITO change the date to one sew
eral weeks later would be a happy
solution of the problems which every
four years faces the inaugural com
mittee and the residents of Washing.
ton,v said Commissioner Brownlow.
"I can conceive Of mo argument
against It." --7E
THE change should be made with
out delay" said Commissioner Kutz.
Notwithstanding the high winds
which prevailed. yesterday. visitors
were fortunate, in view OF weather
conditions during the past week. Why
the proposed change should be op-
posed is something I cannot UNDER
stand" ......s
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
TopAYs SALES,

Capital Traction, SIS. $1,000 1o6.
Washington Railway and Electric
As, $1.o006s1. 'l.-.l- --- ----E
Washington Railway and Electric
pfd., 106s2.
Lanston. 15G70%; 5@7oh.
After Call-Washington Railway
and Electric As, S1,0O06S1.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
The suegestion that exports Of re-

The suggestion that exports OF re-
fined sugar from the. United States
have been instrumental in causing a
scarcity Of supplies here is not bJrne
out by the trade figures. rhess show
that from January l to February "a
this year, 36,s0s tons OF refined sugar
were exported as compared with I39. =
O7S during the same period in 1916
Frank C. Lowry, general sales man.
ager of the Federal Sugar Refining
Company, in commenting upon this
situation said: THE decrease In ex-
ports is nearly the same as the de-
crease in the output of Eastern re-
finers, SO that the domestic trade has
received about as much cane sugar
this year as last"
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
DIVORCE SUIT DISMISSED.

Because Ginstino ScognR did not
concIusively prove that his wife. Vic
toria Scogna, was not insane at the
time she is alleged to have deserted
him, the District Court of Appeals to-
day upheld the act of the District Su-
preme Court in dismissing Scogna's
suit for limited divorce against his
wife. The case involved the mentality
of the wife, following childbirth.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
Bethlehem's sIunp.

Notwithstanding the fact that
Bethlehem Steel is earning At. the
rate Of $40 a share on its stock and
that the outlook OF the company Is
materially better IN every department
than at this time last year, the stock
today Is selling at less than half It's
former maximum price. According TO
what Mr.. Schwab tells his friends'
the earnings this year are averaging
better than last year. The ship
building outlook for the company
was never so bright.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
'NEWSFOR INVESTORS
Earning. and Expense. Increase.

An increase of II per cent In the
total operating revenues of the
Pennsylyania Railroad Company and
an Increase of Is per r. cent In the
total operating expenses as compared
with 1915, is shown In the seventieth
annual report of the company made
public today. Net income for 1915
amounted to $s2,276,504.12. which 10
an increase of 1851, 1s1. 80 compared
with 1915. Against this were charged
the appropriations to the sinking and
other reserve funds, cash dividends
aggregating 6.perrcent on the capital
stock and road and equipment ex-
penditures on: lines owned and leased,
leaving balance OF S7,266, ,oS1.67,
which was transferred, to the credit
OF profit and loss account. The co4-
pany carried an unprecedented vol
ume Of traffic on It's lines during
1915, the report states, resulting from
q continuance Of the European war
and from the further expansion of
general business throughout the coun-
try. A new contract has been con-
cluded with the Adams Express Com
pany, effective January 1, 1elI, under
which increased compensation VIII be
paid the railroad for express Traffic
Special attention Is directed TO taken,
which Increased 10 per cent, due
principally to an increase or the Fed
eral income tax from to per
cent. Taxes now require II cents
out of every dollar of net operating
revenue, It Is stated, Is compared
with 8 cents ten years ago.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
Street Il Ready.

Statements emanating from Wall
Street indicate that any Government
financing that might be undertaken
will be a huge success, and that the
$3.50, 900 900 one-year certificates OF
Indebtedness which the Secretary OF
the Treasury Is preparing to issue
will be quickly absorbed. The Street
Is ready to care for the Government.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
GUARDS LTTIaANT's RIGHTS
Court AffIrms Nom Residents Inn
munIty From Process Serving.


munIty From Proeess-servlns.
When a non-resident's interests
necessitate his attendance upon a
judicial hearing In the Patent Office
he n immune from service of process
In a civil proceeding brought against
him in the local courts, according to
an opinion written by Chief Justice
Sheppard and handed down by the
District Court OF Appeals today.
The decision affirmed the action OF
the District Supreme Court, which had
quashed service of a subpoena on Ar
thur P. Manchester and Harry w.
Spoondr In an Injunction proceeding
instituted by George s. Engle.
Whether the suit has been COM
menced by arrest or by mere sum
mons of subpoena Is immaterial,
says Chief Justice Sheppard. No
one should be deferred from attend
ing the place of trial by reason OF
liability to be sued in g foreign or
distant Jurisdiction"
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
SWEDISH MINISTRY QUITS
Aeeedes Later to Kings Request te
Stay On.

LONDON. March 6.-The Swedish
ministry resigned yesterday, accord
ing to Reuters Stockholm correspon-
dent. At the request of King Gus
tave, however, the ministers consent
ed to remain in office in the hope of
compromising the crisis.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
The Swedish rnvernme

The Swedish government was de-
feated Saturday in a joint ballot of
the two chambers on its request for
the appropriation OF 30,000,0O0 crowns
to be used in preserving Sweden's
neutrality. There was a joint majority
of fifteen against the government.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
Strength Of steel and Copper.

Recent strength of steel and COP
per stocks has been due largely to
the remarkable showing these COM
panies have been making in earnings,
and prospects for even larger returns
in 1917. Annual reports of the United
states Steel Corporation, Bethlehem
Steel Corporation, Republic Iron and
Steel Company, Midvaie Steel Com
pany and other steefconcerns for the
year 1919 were above expectations.
BASED upon orders on the books and
prices for steel products, the present
year promises even larger returns
than 1915.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06

TYPE MACHINE STOCKS.
'Merganthaler Linotype. 1881 185
Lanston Monotype ..... 10 Il
MINING STOCK.
Highland recorder. (Monterey, Highland County, Va.) 1877-1972, 1917-09-21
Passenger Service

After the first of July | will run
my passenger car between Monte
rey and Barlow, Durbin, etc. Will
give first class service. Kindly let
me know few days in advance of
trip. Rates reasonable.
Respectfully,
W. M. Winner, Monterey, Va.
Highland recorder. (Monterey, Highland County, Va.) 1877-1972, 1917-09-21

material settles more than the COM
pacted spots, and this unequal settle
ment produces pockets in the surface
which hold water and gradually be-
come deepened under the action Of
traffic.
Use Wheeled Scrapers.
Wheeled scrapers are used to q
greater extent in road grading than
either drag scrapers or wagons. The
reason for this Is that In road work the
haul length falls, more frequently than
otherwise, within the limits for which
wheeled scrapers are economical. Sey-
eral different sizes of such scrapers are
In ordinary use, but the size employed
most commonly has an actual load
capacity of from II to Is cubic feet, ac-
cording to how heavily the load is
heaped. Scrapers Of this size ordinar-
lily sell for from $50 to $50 f. o. b. fac
tory.
In operating wheeled scrapers the
material is loosened by blowing, in the
manner already described, and is load
ed by the scooping action Of the
scraper. Two horses usually are sufIi-
cient to draw the scraper after it is
loaded, but a second team, called a
snatch team, is hitched in at the front
of the tongue to assist in loading. The
snatch team should consist of either
two or three horses, according to the
character of the material, and one
snatch team should serve several
scrapers. The loading and dumping
Of the scrapers are done by laborers
provided for that purpose and not by
the drivers.
A small organization for carrying On
graded work with wheeled scrapers
may be made up about as given below:
Force:
! foreman.
to II drivers
l laboBer for blowing.
2 iaborers for loading scrapers
laborers for. dumping and spreading.
! laborer to trim slopes, etc.
! two-horSe team for plow.
to 8 two-horSe teams for Scrapers.
] or 2 two-horse snatch teams.
Total l foreman, II laborers, II teams.
Tools:
s wheeled scrapers Capacity IL to 10 Gu
bic feeD.
l road pillow.
picks.
mattockS.
axes.
shovels.
The force employed should vary with
the haul length. usually from $50 feet
to 600 feet. Six to eight scrapers
should be employed where the haul ex-
ceeds $50 feet. Where necessary one
of the snatch teams may be used to as
sist the plow team.
Such an outfit should move from 200
to $50 cubic yards Of earth per 10-hour
day.
Highland recorder. (Monterey, Highland County, Va.) 1877-1972, 1917-09-21
EARTH ROADS WORK
Necessary Tools and Machinery
Needed for Building.
Use Of ElEvATlNG GRADERS
Machine May Be Operated Success
fully With 25-Horsepower Tractor
or Twelve Well.Trained Horses
--Scrapers and Wagons.

PrepareS Specially by the United States
Department of Agriculture.)
The use of elevating graders is
sometimes desirable in the construc-
ton of earth roads. The essential fea-
lures Of this machine are pillow with
a heavy moldboard, an elevating belt,
u suitable frame for supporting the
pillow End belt, and driving and ADJUST
ing mechanisms for operating the belt
and controlling the work. The pillow
loosens the material and throws 1t
onto the belt, which conveys and de-
posts it either in the roadbed or
wagons.
Elevating graders are adapted es-
pecially to building up entertainments
with material excavated from shallow
borrow bitches along each side of the
road. They also may be used to ad-
vantage in excayating long, shallow,
through cuts and loading the material
thus excavated into wagons for use
in building up entertainments at other
points. The latter use, however, is
restricted to situations where there is
sufficient space to operate the grader
and at the same time afford passage
way for the teams and wagons to fol-
low under the end of the belt to re-
ceive the successive loads as the
grader is drawn forward.
Operating Eievating Grader.
It is customary to employ a trac-
ton engine for operating the elevating
grader, though teams are used some
times. Ordinarily, the machine may
be operated successfully either with
a 25-horse power tractor or with II
well-traincH horses.
The rate at which earth can be eX-
cavated with an elevating grader is
relatively very high when conditions
are favorable and the grader can be
kept moving. But there are number
of rather complicated parts about such
q machine which sometimes get out
of ORDER and the work also Is usually
haEpcreG by many unforeseen contin-
gencies, such as begging" Of the
wheels. choking of the pillow or the
elevv.or belt, occurrence of buried
stun IS or stones in the excavation,
etc. For these reasons the actual ca
paci y of elevating graders, considered
owe. a long period seldom is more
than about one-third or one-half the
rated capacity, and where the material
Is loaded into wagons as it is excavat-
Highland recorder. (Monterey, Highland County, Va.) 1877-1972, 1917-09-21
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION FOR EARTH ROAD

ed the actual capacity of the machine
may be reduced still further. Elevat-
ing graders Of the size used ordinarily
in road ;york have rated capacity of
about TO cubic yards per hour.
Us2 IF Scrapers, Wagons, Etc.
To 2rae a road of any considerable
lene-H 81 matter where it is located,
usuGiy III require a considerable
amouut i work with devices other.
than L., ttcading machine and elevat-.
ing zrnss,g, The latter machine, as
previous explained, may be very eco
nomical Tor special conditions to-
which .,"y are adapted. But these
special editions seldom prevail for:
more jI:ul comparatively short
lstretctes of road without sections in
ltervcn' which require that a rela-
tive l.. re volume of material be
moved E.4m excavation to embark
mem w;:E.in q distance Of only a few
lhu. rcd i4Gt. Figure 1 shows typi-
cal eros section for an earth road,
where ne grading machine hardly
cou!& - Gsed advantageously except
for In :2g the road surface. To ac1
con III. work of this kind ecOnom-
icallr. ,:o devices for loosening, load
Ing 49, siding the material must all
be "4av;rG to turning around quickly
L. :. slaall space and, not infrequently,
r.u.t be such as to be handled readily
over very rough ground. Such imple-
mcnts as wagons, wheeled scrapers,
drag scrapers and plows therefore
shcu!d form a part Of the equipment
OIL practically all road-grading prof.,
,eCts.
The choice of proper implements to.
EMPLOY in moving material from ex-'
cavation to embankment depends, first,
on the nature and quantity OF the
material to be moved, and, second, on,
the length of haul. In general, where
the material consists of earth it is.
loosened with plows and the econom-.
tcal method of hauling is fixed by the
haul length about as follows:
For lengths of haul not exceeding
$50 feet, drag scrapers; for lengths OF
haul between $50 feet and 600 feet,
wheeled scrapers; for lengths of haul
above eco feet, wagons. Where the
material consists of solid rock it must
be loosened by drilling and blasting
and practically always is hauled in
wagons Or carts, regardless Of the haul
length
Types Of Plows Used.
I've tyres Of plows commonly are
used IN read grading. One is the type
generally used for loosening ordinary
soils. ni..ie the other is used for break
ing up hurdpan, lode road surfaces and
Highland recorder. (Monterey, Highland County, Va.) 1877-1972, 1917-09-21
RT't'ra
Children Rode Them, Too.


dangerous, for if anyone fell off in the
water when one is riding fish which
lies right on top, one has no distance
to fall at all and one simply gets 6
nice, jolly ducking.
"But by holding on fast no one neee
fall off-just lie or sit on the fish ant
the breakers and fish do the rest.
"Well, such fun as everyone was
having at the beach. The children
were laughing and crying out, Lets
ride the sport fish,
big men and grown-up ladies were
saying, Let's ride the breakers OIL
the sport fish. My, how they go
Aren't they fun
"And I am quite sure that further
out in the ocean, real fishes were say
ing, We'll, isn't it a shame! Here
there are make-believe fishes that are
thought more of than we are. And
we're real, not just imitations!'
"But also felt sure that old Grand
father Ocean Fish said, Now, look
here, we have no right to get mad
We never offered our backs for folks
to ride on. And we never rushed into
the shore on the great breakers. Sc
we can't grumble. For the sport
fishes-not real like us to be sure
will help the grown-ups and children
have the kind of fun they like
"And so tomorrow" continued Dad
dy, II thought would take both you
children to the beach to ride the
breakers on the glorious sport fishes
the make-believe fishes which give
such real fun!'
And both the children clapped their
hands with delight.
Highland recorder. (Monterey, Highland County, Va.) 1877-1972, 1917-09-21
|. DADCN'S
[A|RYIAl[
81 MACY GRAHAI b0VNeR
SPORT FISH.

ST have story to tell you this
evening of fish which wasn't u fish
at ALL" said Daddy.
Goodness said Nancy. II don't
understand at all. ! must be awfully
stupid"
81 guess it's a fish story" laughed
Nick, and Nancy joined in saying as
she smiled,
: "Of course, I might have known
that Daddy had a good joke for us
suppose the hot weather made me
SLOW" .-a
"It's really not fish story at all
that IS" Daddy explained, it's not
a fish story Of the kind that Nick
means. Nick thinks of course l have
a lovely tale to tell of a fish who
grew and grew and when he was
caught it took sixteen men to pull
him out of the water. Then, when
they got him out, they found II
wasn't a fish but a whale! Is thai
the kind of story you expected
Nick?"
EYES," Nick agreed. "Was I wrong
I really made no better guess thar
Nancy. She said she didn't under
stand. I tried. to be so smart. Bui
now I guess I'd better say I don't
understand"
Lets both say so at once" sale
Nancy, "and then Daddy will tell u.s.
Gall right" agreed Nick. "Now, al
together!"
And both the children said, awe
don't understand about the fish a
ALL"
Neither did T." commenced Daddy
'until I saw one and rode on one anf
heard that everyone of these peculiar
creatures was called sport fish,"
"Oh, there were more than one
said Nancy. But Nick put his fnge'
on his mouth to show Nancy that they
wanted to hear Daddy.
'You know that yesterday l wen
with some men down to beach for
swim?"
eyes," said the children. The?
thought to themselves that it wa;
not going to be so strange after all
The fish lived in the water; That wa
quite natural.
"And there I saw" continued Dad
dy, "some great things which were
made to look like big fish. They were
made of rubber, was told, ant
pumped up like automobile tires, ant
then they were covered with canvas
! "Their eyes were painted on th'
canvas, so were their fins and thei
tails. They looked like very funn!
fishes but still they did look quite
right. And people were riding on tol
Of them in the water"
"Oh," exclaimed the children. "HoV
wonderful"
"Yes," Daddy went on, "they were
on these fishes-the people were-an'
what games they did have with tht
breakers. The fishes would rush int
the shore when a great wave woult
come and the people would have
most glorious ride. And children rod'
them, too. They're not in the leas
Rn.rsrH
Highland recorder. (Monterey, Highland County, Va.) 1877-1972, 1917-09-21
other earth unusually difficult |

loosen. Eltner type IS ufdWn Ny iouh
horses, or in some cases by a traction.
;engine, and is operated by three men,!
including the driver. Such ploWs aver
age about $50 pounds in weight and
sell at an average price of from Sl2
to S1S, but heavier plows of this type!
range in cost up to about $50. Win!
average soil conditions they may pc
made to turn a furrow about Z or d
inches deep and from 8 to III lnches
wide. The hardpan plows vary con-
siderably in weight and selling price
but cost more than the turn ploWs.,
One reason for the higher cost Is that
the points must be made of very nlgh
grade Of steel in order to be durable.
Drag scrapers are made in l-horse''
l1b-horse and 2-horse sizes, Wnlcn
have respective rated capacities OF s.,
8 and Z cubic feet. Drag scrapers'
have an average weight, when empty,
of from Is to 100 pounds, and an ac-
tual capacity of about three-fourths
the rated capacity. The price, f. o. b.
factory, averages from 81 to So per
scraper.
In operating drag scrapers the driv-
ers also may load and empty the
scraper, but frequently it is econom-
ical to provide additional laborers for
this purpose. With a haul length OF
100 feet and the teams moving stead
lily, one laborer should be able to load
or empty and spread the material Tor
about three scrapers. For scraper
work to be effective the material to
be excavated must be thoroughly loos-
'ened by the plows and should be free
from large roots or stones. Where
such distractions occur time is saved
by having them removed by hand DUR
ing the process Of blowing.
The average small organization for
carrying on road-grading work with
drag scrapers is made up about as FOL
lows:
Force:
l foreman.
to scraper drivers.
laDOrerS Tor lOaQlIS SCIdpci5.
2 laborers for dumping and spreading
l driver for pillow.
/ laborer to hold plow.
/ laborer for trimming shoulders, etc.
4 to two-horse teams for scrapers.
/ orr two-horse teams for ploW. ,
Total, l foreman, IA laborers, ana
Tools:
6 drag scrapers capacity cubic feet.
l road pillow.
picks.
axes.
mattocks.
| shoveIS.
The force employed should vary
somewhat with the haul length, which
is usually between % feet and 100 feet
Under average conditions an organiza-
ton such as that described above
should move from 300 to $50 cubic
yards of earth per 10-hour day.
Objectionable Feature.
An Objectionable feature Of drag
scraper work is that the embellishments
tend to settle very irregularly. The
reason is that the successive loads are
not spread out uniformly as they are
dumped, but are deposited as success
sion Of rather compact cores with the
Intervening spaces consisting Of COM
paratively loose material. The loose
Highland recorder. (Monterey, Highland County, Va.) 1877-1972, 1917-09-21
Among the Treasure.

Among the Treasure.
$50 you have quit using sugar."
EYES,"
"On account of the price?"
ooh, no. Valuable as it is, we have
some. But I forgot the combination
to the SAFE"