davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1917-09-09

Deane, the American envoy and secret
agent in Paris, and decided to see him
at once, On his arrival at Paris he
went to the house of his cousin and
bursting into his room. cried, Wake
up! I am going to America to fight for
freedom. No one knows as yet, but
love you too much not to tell you"
He made known to his family his de-
cision, which was received with a
storm of protest.
Calling on Mr.. Deane. Lafayette
learned all he could about the revolu-
and stipulated with the American that
he should receive a commission. to date
from that day. of major general in
the Army of the United States Deane
told him that DIR. Franklin would soon
arrive in Paris and that he must see
him.
Franklin came and received the
ovations of enthusiastic Parisians. He
was the fashion: parties were given in
his honor. at which beautiful women
placed wreaths upon his brow. The
dress of no man of fashion was de
riguer it is said. without a ring or a
snuff box with Franklin's medallion
on it. He wrote to his daughter in
Philadelphia: These have made your
fathers face as we'll known as that of
the moon, so that he durst not do ANY,
thing that would oblige him to run
away. his phiz would discover him
wherever he should venture to show
it,"
At Passy. where Lafayette went to
see Franklin, he met the Baron De
kalb. a German officer. equally enthu
siastic to fight for liberty. The two be-
came friends and later came to America
together. 1t was arranged with Deane
that Lafayette was to go to London,
where he would visit his uncle. the
Duke de Noailles. ambassador at the
court of st. James. and that on his way
back to France go from Paris south
and sail for America.
After three weeks spent in London
Lafayette met the society of the court,
Clinton. who he later met on the battle
field of Monmouth. Many persons he
talked to had secret sympathies for the
American cause.
With De kalb he reached Bordeaux.
and when about ready to sail the plan
was discovered by the British ambas
sador at Paris. At Bordeaux, where he
had fitted out the yacht bought from
the Duke of Kingston for the voyage.
he was overtaken by lettre de cachet
commanding him to return. and he also
received disheartening news of his wife,
whose health was precarious. But later
hearing that the lettre de cachet had
only been sent al the instigation of the
Duke d'Ayen. he decided to proceed.
and, while ostensibly going to Mar
seille. he disguised himself as a postil-
lion and returned to Bordeaux. He was
pursued. but evaded arrest. and later
sailed from Passages, Spain, April 25,
1777.
In the following June he landed at or
near Georgetown. S. c., in the darkest
time of the revolution. He was enter
tained at the house of Mai. Benjamin
Huger, a gallant officer of the revolu-
ton and one Of the distinguished an
cestors of the Huger family of South
Carolina, which did so much for the
cause of independence in this country.
The little boy. Francis Kinlock HUI
ger. whom Lafayette held on his knee
and talked to that first night spent in
Evening star., 1917-09-09
Purity That Pays.

A MEMBER of the agriculture COM
FA mittee was talking at luncheon
about the food bill
THE profiteers who oppose this BILL"
he said. ARE animated, of course. by
the purest motives. Yes, the proflteers'
purity is unimpeachable. Only, it's
such a profitable purity. 1t reminds me
of the milkman.
lis your milk richer than Skin
ner's? a lady asked the fellow
1ts-er-it's very much purer,
ma'am. he stammered.
"'Purer? How So? said She
I've got a filter said the milkman,
on my pump.
Evening star., 1917-09-09

from London. to the effect that the
Congress of Rebels at Philadelphia
had issued a Declaration of Independ-
ence. He heard frequently the names of
jefferson and George Washington spok
en- as among the leaders. Gloucester
told of the Americans being routed at
Bunker Hill and of the lighting in New
York and New Jersey. The matter
was discussed more in the light of an
inSurrection, though there was an un
dertone of deep apprehension on the
part OF many present.
The causes which led to the trouble
Were discussed. while Lafayette felt
himself growing more tense in his in
terest as that love of liberty which
was innate and which afterward ruled
his life kindled in his heart. Before
he slept that night he decided to de-
vote his life and. if needs be. his for
tune to the cause of human rights.
the doctrine of which had become to
him living. breathing reality. to
which he was to give up home, luxury
and the favor for time of his king.
He had caught the name of Silas
Evening star., 1917-09-09

the first time definite news of the fight
for freedom in America. The Duke of
Gloucester, who was travelling through
France at that time, was in disgrace for
marrying the Countess of Waldegrave.
He was said to have strong sympathies
for the American cause, and it was to him
Lafayette talked after supper.
The fortress of Metz, one of the strong
est in the world. originally built by the
French and enlarged by the Germans, was
the property OF the French from 1852 to
1870. The military banquet hall at the
fortress presented a stately and brilliant
scene that night. with officers in blue and
silver and the aristocracy of the neigh
boring places in the gold lace and vel
vets of the period, the Moselle river.
like a ribbon of silver cleaning in the
distance, and the beautiful parks and
gardens surrounding the dark fortit1-
cations enchanting with their fresh
foliage and flowers.
During the banquet young Lafayette
listened with keenest attention to the
Duke of Gloucester, who was relating
a bit of news received that morning
Evening star., 1917-09-09

diers and resolved anew that he would
fight to the death for a people who
displayed such transcendent courage
for the cause of democracy. In a letter
to Congress November /, 1.77, Wash
ington wrote:
The Marquis de Lafayette is extremely So
licitous Of having a command equal To his rank
do not know in what light Congress will view
the matter. but it appears TO me. from n con-
siderat ton Of his illustrious and important con-
rexions. the attachment which he has mani
Tested for our cause. and the consequences
which his return ia disgust might produce.
that it will be advisable 10 crafty MIN in his
wishes; the more several gentlemen from
France. who came under some assurances
have gone back disappointed in their e1pecta
tions.
In this letter Washington spoke of
Lafayette as showing at Brandywine a
great degree of bravery and military
ardor; also the proficiency he attained
In English and the general high tone
of the man Washingtons recon-
had immediate effect. and
on December /, 1111, it was resolved by
congress that Lafayette should be in
formed that it was highly agreeable to
Evening star., 1917-09-09

Congress that the marquis should be
appointed to command a division Of the
Continental army.
He was to head the invasion of Can
Rda-which did not take place-and in
May. 111S, his military talent was dis
played at Barren Hill by his mastery
retreat effected in the presence of an
overwhelming superiority of the en-
emy's forces. Soon after. in June, he
was distinguished at the battle Of Mon
mouth, and that night lay on the field
with Washington, sharing his cloak as
q covering.
The letters to men of influence in
France had been numerous on the part
of the young Frenchman, and in Feb
ruary. 117S. France had concluded a
treaty of commerce with the United
States, and on the same day treaty
of eventual defensive alliance. to
take effect only in the event of Great
Britain's resenting, by war against
France. the consummation of the COM
mercial treaty. The war ensued. and
in the summer of 1878 French fleet
under Count d Estaing was sent to CO.
Evening star., 1917-09-09

U
York. which had an extensive west
coast business, acquired properties on
its own account. Then some New York
fnanciers made Investments.
When the Panama canal was built
there was Il question whether il would
lie available for cargoes of nitrate be
cause of Their bulky nature. The as
sumption wa that the United States
might not have ordinary CONNER cial
prudence and might not make the
rates low enough to insure nitrate
shipments The rates, however. as fixed
were low enough, and at the outbreak
of the war about one-third of the total
product was going through the canal.
Some of it went to southern ports,
where it was mixed with the phos-
plates Much Of it. however. WAS ship
distributed. Some cargoes were con-
signed to New York. and then recon-
signed to London without breaking
bulk.
The tramp ship has been one of the
principal means of carrying nitrate
cargoes. The nitrateS also furnish car
goes for sailing ships They have been
one means of keeping the sailing ships
on the seas. A French company MAIN
tanned splendid fleet of sailing ships
for the special purpose of transporting
the uitrates.
The chief shipping port for the nj
trates is Iqulque- AT some seasons of
the year scores of vessels are assem-
bled there awaiting the nitrate cargoes.
There is not much of a harbor. but the
Chilean government has spent large
sums in making the open roadstead
available.
Antofagasta, 200 miles further south.
also has become a shipping point for
the nitrates. Years ago it was known
a the copper port. but now the ntrates
are exceeding the copper in cargo i'm
portance.
A longitudinal railway runs through
the nitrate fields. para1leling the coast.
Some hardy travellers who want to see
the nitrate country provide themselves
with linen busters and make the full
trip. A trip across the sage brush des-
ert west of the Rockies or through
northern Mexico has nothing on this
trip in the way of discomfort The nj
trate country is interesting to see, but
seeing u little of it is Just as valuable
Evening star., 1917-09-09
Ih@ Importance of Our C@wmtrys New Nitrate Fleet


causes of apprehension over her nitrate
wealth. One was lest the supply be-
come exhausted. Until a dozen years
ago this was thought to be quite proba-
BILE because the extent of the deposits
under exploitation could be measured
with some accuracy, and, given a GER
tain annual production, the exhaustion
of the beds within definite period
could be foreseen. But just when this
prospective exhaustion was being TAX
en- into consideration discoveries of
fresh fields were made. They are not
so valuable or so rich as the fields first
exploited. but they are valuable enough
to insure the supply of nitrates for a
century or more.
Chile's other fear was lest the value
of the natural deposits be impaired by
Evening star., 1917-09-09

in the way of informing ones self as
seeing it all.
The Chilean government IS apt to
welcome the establishment of this nj
trate fleet by the United States. Chile
has fairly good merchant marine of
her own. and after the Panama canal
was completed she sought to establish
a sort of joint relationship under joint
subsidy. with the United States. The
plan was for an American-Chilean line
subsidized by both governments. The
policy of the United States at that time
did not contemplate sEhsid!as e~d es
Evening star., 1917-09-09

North became known as 1.-The nitrate
king" and had the honor of loaning
money to the King of England. He
was not particular about the interest
on that loan.
The Germans came after the English,
and. in pursuance of German policy,
acquired extensive nitrate holdings.
They supplied not only the German
market, but partly that of Belgium and
France. They also developed virtually
a monopoly of the manufacture OF the
by-product of iodine. Until the out
break of hostilities. Hamburg control
led the iodine.
American capitalists were slow in
coming in to the nitrate fields. The big
powder works at Wilmington acquired
enough to protect themselves. and one
Evening star., 1917-09-09

artificial manufacture. The air is in
exhaustible. and the fear was that some
OF these artificial processes would in
sure the production of commercial nj
trates at figures lower than 1t would
pay to exploit the natural deposits
For this reason the experiments at
Niagara Falls were watched with con-
Germ. but after time il became evil
dent that the Niagara works did not
threaten commercial competition.
Then came the establishment of the
Norwegian works, where vast water
power was available. These Norwegian
works were commercially a success,
but their productiveness seems to be
limited. Germany, since the opening
of hostilities, is understood to have
drawn only partly on the Norwegian
supply. Apparently she has depended
chiefly on her own manufacture
Of nitrates from the air. Nevertheless,
it is a safe prediction that whenever
the war ends Germany again will be-
come a buyer of Chilean nitrates for
fertiltzing purposes, If not for muni-
tions.
Congress, two years ago, provided for
the establishment of a nitrate plant in
the United States. This was a part of
the measures for national defense and
was intended to insure a sufficient sup
ply in case of war The war has come,
but the location of the plant has not
vet even been determined on, and con-
seQuently the United States turns
wholly to Chile After the war, doubt
less. the plant will be established. but
It's utility is likely to be limited to
military purposes, because, even though
the Chilean nitrates are high-priced
fertilizers. they seem to be cheaper
than the artificial nitrates manufac-
tured for that purpose.
The Chilean nitrate fields are con-
trolled by the government From time
to time the deposits in certain districts
are disposed of by auction to private
companies. The English are the heavi-
est owners of nitrate works They
were on the ground when the CONNER
cial value of the deposits was realized.
Col. North, who kept a hotel at Pisa
qua, one of the dreary ports of north
ern Chile, patronized chiefly by coast
ing vessels, was among the first to
realize their value. He secured large
tracts of the land, and convinced the
conservative British capitalists that
the investment was safe one. Col.
Evening star., 1917-09-09

\ September s, the patriotic So
cieties Of the District of CO.
lumbia and many of those
throughout the United States
Evening star., 1917-09-09
BY CHARLES M. PEPPER.

HNHE nitrate feet is the latest war
development. 1t Is the govern
ment-chartered steamship line
- to run hetWeen New Ynrl. and
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-08-24
DISCUSS QUESTION
SENDING EXHIBIT
TO MARIANNE FAIR

At a meeting of the agricultural
extension committee of the Chamber
Of Commerce, held yesterday after
noon in the Chamber of Commerce,
plans for sending exhibits to the fair
at Mariana were discussed, though
no definite action was taken in the
matter.
Since the decision of the Board O.
Directors of the Fair Association not
to hold fair this year, there has
been some discussion of either hold
ing exhibits of the farm and home
demonstration work in this county, or
of sending an exhibit to the fair at
Mariana. 1t is believed that the
former plan is the more popular, and
will probably be adopted.
Plans for introducing thoroughbred
hogs extensively into the county were
also discussed, though it was decided
to further investigate the matter be-
fore any definite step is taken.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-08-24
MILITARY COURT
1T Fl. BARRANCAs

Quite a number of officers went to
Fort Barrancas yesterday to appear
at the general court martial which
had been organized there to hear
charges against several soldiers who
we're recently concerned in distur-
Dances in the city, The officers
from the city were: Captain A. J.
Anderson, Special Officer Harrington
and Patrolmen Bobe and Eilertsen.
These officers gave evidence in the
cases against the soldiers and re-
turned to the city early in the after
noon.
Proceedings of this court will not
be made public from the local army
post. On the contrary, as is usual IN
such cases, the record and recommen-
dations go to Washington, whence
disposition will be announced.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-08-24
Washington Bureau,
The Pens acola Journal

Washington, Aug. Ex-senator
Park Trammell has been energetical-
ly at work for the past week in an
endeavor to secure a less drastic rul-
ing in dealing with the exemptions
asked by married men on account of
dependent families. Senator Tram
nell says notwithstanding the fact
that more than two million single
men may be made available for mill
tary duty that under the drastic ap-
plication of the rules relative to the
exemption of married men with de-
pendents many of them will be forced
into the service while hundreds of
thousands of single men will be all
lowed to remain at home. Senator
Trammell has addressed a letter to
the president as follows on this sub
ject.
Washington, D. c., August ?, 1917.
Dear Mr.. President:
Information reaching me from the
State of Florida led me to the con-
clusion some days ago that the con-
struction being placed on the draft
exemption rulings by local boards
was causing and would cause hard
ships on the families of married men,
and the result of these constructions
it seemed to me would cause unneces-
sary burdens to be borne by some
young mothers and wives of men Sc
lected under the draft law Last
week I called in person on Genera,
Crowder, the Provost Marshal Gen
eral, and discussed with him this re
ported ruling and the construction
thereon as noted in the daily press Of
| Florida. Dispatches under Washing
| ton date lines were appearing under
bold head lines stating that no mar
! ried man would be exempt unless hi!
! family would become a public charge
! This construction, whether authorita
tive or not, was evidently having it:
influence on the action of a numbe,
of the local boards in disposing o
exemption claims and causing a mos
rigid application of the exemption
! rulings to be made.
General Crowder informed me tina
the official rulings issued were not il
the wording that appeared in tn,
! press. Nevertheless the construction
mentioned above appears to be pre-
vaillng in many sections of the Coun
try. l also have noted that in som,
districts every exemption allowed
married men by the local boards OF
account of dependents has been ap
! pealed, for the government, to tn
District Boards. This in itself appear
to me as being entirely too drastic
l have no sympathy with the so
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-08-24
81 OWE ALL MY GOOD
HEALTH TO TAKLAC,"
SAYS JACK HERNDON
WAS IN WRETCHED HEALTH
WHEN HE BEGAN TAKING
TANLAC-IN FINE SHAPE NOW

"I'm twenty pounds heavier than I
was before / took Tanlac and I don't
ever remember feeling any better in
my life than I do right now" said
Jack" Herndon, the well-known
tender of the Miami, Fla, draw
bridge.
II got in a general rundown condi-
ton last spring" continued Mr.. Hern-
don, "and felt so tired all the time l
just had to force myself to work. I
didn't want anything to eat and what
l did eat to keep from starving to
death made me feel worse. My
stomach would swell up full of gas
and felt heavy and l had bad taste
in my mouth when I got up in the
morning and my tongue was always
coated. was awfully constipated
and kept getting weaker and losing
weight until l got so low-spirited I
don't know what would have become
of me if ! hadn't started taking this
Tanlac.
at was recommended to me by a
friend who said he knew what he was
talking about and, think he did, be-
cause began to get better right aft
CT Ine IISI- lew doses ana just kept
on improving until now all my
troubles are gone and I feel like my
old self again, I am cheerful and
contented and l get pleasure out of
my work like I used to. I tell you
it's the honest truth, l feel as good
as I ever want to feel and I owe it all
to Tanlac. 1t certainly did the work
for me and it's everything that's
claimed for it. I think this is the
best medicine that's ever been put
on the market and l advise everybody
who is suffering like I was to try it
Genuine Tanlac is sold only and ex-
clusively in Pensacola by the Crystal
Pharmacy.-adv.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-08-24
Senator Tran1n1en Writes
Letter to the President

called Stacker" either married or
single, but I am convinced that with
the large number of eligible single
men yet available for draft, it is IN
necessary to enforce so drastic rul-
ings in cases of married men with de-
pendent families.
| note in the mornings paper an
article which indicates your own
views, when expressed, will cause a
modification of these rulings, and l
am more than pleased to see this
statement. ! sincerely trust that in
the exercise of your good judgment
you will see your way clear to modify
to some extent the stringency with
which the exemption rulings are be-
ing applied against married men with
dependents. I am sure that if it were
necessary the young married men of
our country would make no claim for
exemption but would respond to the
country's call however great the sac
rifice might be, but until the necessity
is more apparent than conditions now
seem to indicate, I very much hope
that they will not be called upon to
make any needless sacrifice and that
they will not be caused unnecessary
hardships.
Very Respectfully,
PARK TRAMMELL.
Honorable Woodrow Wilson,
President of the United States,
Washington, D. c.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-08-24
Tersely Told,

H. L. Ollinger of Mobile arrived in
Pensacola yesterday on business.
G. R. Wright, commercial agent for
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-08-24
SPEEDERS FINED IN
THE CITY COURT

Speeders were arraigned in the
city court yesterday morning and
fined 81 and costs each. Those
whose names appeared on the docket
under such charge were John Bell,
George P. Wentworth, Malcolm Meyer
and Joe Greenblatt.
Another auto driver who was
fined was William Pyritz, who was
called upon to pay 50 and costs on a
charge of reckless driving.
The police are making quite a
drive on those who violate the traf-
fic ordinances, in the speeding line.
and it is understood now that
quite a number of others will shortly
be served with warrants to appear
and tell the recorder what good rea-
son they had Tor the alleged speed
ing as charged
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-08-24

to the fire menace. The belief ex-
lists if such could be properly repre-
sented to the insurance men, esneciaI-
" the tariff board in the southeastern
territory, it would mean at least lit
tie less cost in the insurance line
and that is just what the commits
sloners put up to those in that line
who were present last evening.
While the question was put up to
the insurance people just as strong
Iy as it could, there was no announce
ment made of any change in the
plans of the southeastern territory
being favored with a lower rate as
had been hoped for The local agents
however, want it clearly understood
that the increase is general over this
territory. and that it is not solely ap,
phcable to Pensacola.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-08-24

not heretofore sold by Fast Pensacola
City Company.
Escambia Realty Company to Mary
S. Blount, Aug. 20, 1917, S1.0O and
other considerations. Lots AZ, A
and east ID 40, block 40 Donelson
tract; lots 4, ; and 6. block s. East
King Tract, East Of Tarragona street
plan deed book 4, page 40.
! B. J. Borras and wife to J. F.
Quigles, Aug L, 1917, $500 and IN
er considerations. All interest in
lots II and y, block 81 of the Man
ent Tract.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-08-24

F. c. Dabnev, general agent for the
Savannah Line steamship company
was in the city Yesterday transact
ing business for the company which
he represents.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-08-24
Insurance Men Present
Case to Commission

Presenting their side Of what has
grown into quite a controversy, a
number of fire insurance men as
sembled in the office of Mayor John
son yesterday afternoon and spent
more than - N0ur in conference
with the co., SIS. oners. All three
of the latter were on hand. and the
question was discussed from it's
varying phases.
The contention of the commissions
ers is that the city Of Pensacola has
now more ample fire protection thln
the ordinary city of its size; thar The
city has the most up-to-date equip
ment in the fire-fighting line, and
that the water supply is inexhausti-
bic, and the. paving system is so ar
ranged and worked out that very few
sections of the city are openly liable