davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
cnpon. to he wnr-r4mc Food.

II is especially important during the
present year that surplus ccckerels
be utilized as capons To Increase the
meat supply. CaponS or male birds
whose productive organs have been re-
moved, increase in weight and their
meat is OF good quality
To determine the best time 10 capon-
lie one should be guided by the age
and size OF the bird \ cockerel two
10 four months old and weighing one
and half TO two and Il half pounds is
a convenient-sizcd bird with which to
TO work.
There arc three essentials to good re-
d should not be fed for thirty-six hours
prior to The operation, so that the in
.teStineS VIII be empty and the repro
'ductive organs exposed; second. the
operation should be performed in II
strong light in order that the organs
may be clearly distinguished: third,
'one should have a good set Of tools
The skilled operator can caponize n
bird in short tima Birds which have
been operated on should be placed I'm
house from which the roosts have
been removed. Give caponiZed birds a
soft feed for ten days after the opcra-
ton. after which they may be placed
on scratch food ration. The wet feed
may consist OF two pounds corn meal.
one pound OF bran and one mound Of
middlings mixed with skim milk or
bu;tcrmilk
The first 'wo weeks capons should
he examined for "windpurfs' These
can be easily relieved by pricking the
Skln with n"eulc or = knife Two or
thrn" weeks prior to marketing. con-
me and fatten capons in crates Every
ounce OF Gain AT this time adds TO the
anpearance Of and the profits from tho
pro. Capons are marketed 10 best nd =
vantage from Christmas to April I.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

To give ono AN approximate idea
OF the value OF irrigated land in the
matter OF forace for cattle the follow
inS figures will show wha, alfalfa will
do on irrigated as compared with com
mon hay on nonirriyated land:
one acre sown TO alfalfa and irrl-
gated will produce 10000 pounds OF
hay.
One acre IN inclosed pasture. 500
pounds.
One acre of range averages go
pounds.
Or again:
one acre OF irrigated alfalfa will feed
one steer 400 days.
One acre OF inc!oscd pasture will fceo
one steer twenty days.
One acre OF range will feed one stee,
ten days
or putting IT in sheep. VI will show
One hundred and sixty acres or irri-
gated alfalfa Will maintain coo shec
ono year.
One hundred and sixty acres OF in
closed pasture Will maintain eighty
sheep one year.
One hundred and sixty acres of
range Will maintain forty sheep one
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
SHOULD RECLAIM WET LANDS

There are yet in nearly all sections
of the United States thousands of acres
of excellent land which produces
nothing Of greater value than scdEcs
or wild hay. and many of them are
in Virginia and the South. There are
also in this country thousands OF farm
crs who FOR one reason and another
fail To give the drainage problem the
attention which il deserves merely as
Il financial propositions some are slow
to comprehend the value of drainage
and some have not learned how to
drain. The plant food resources lying
dormant in ponds and hogs and sloughs
of unframed areas are sufficient 10
produce great crops OF grain and for
age for an indefinite time. /, will
pay TO reclaim wet lands. Experienced
farmers state they have never known
a case where drainage was feasible
and where work was well done tina,
reclamation by drainage failed to pay
satisfactory profits. In fact, il fire.
qucntly turns out that reclaimed land,
when brought into condition by thor
oush working and lining, turns out TO
he the best piece on the farm, being
filled with humuS and rich in plant
oud
y great many questions come up
when a landowner decides to drain a
given piece OF land. These questions
elate TO the depth of ditchcs. size of
.he tile. locations of drains. services
of drainage engineer, and a good
1iany other matters OF Importance. I'm
fortunately for The landowner, there
are no rules which apply 10 the in
stalla;ion OF al! drainage systems. This
j because soil and moisture conditions
often vary widely within Il very limit
cd area.
filing should he considered as II per-
manent Improvement In drainge
work single mistake may cause the
failure of an entire system. The surest
way to avoid mistakes is to hire a re-
liable drainage engineer to make sur
veys and plan the entire system of
drainage.
Great care should be exercised in the
selection Of tile. Tile should be smooth.
straight. uniform in size, square cut
at the ends and well burned. Vitri-
fed tile should be used for the con-
struction Of outlets.
The depth and distance apart Mt
which drains Should be placed for best
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
Weekly Bureau of In
formation for All WHO
TW the Soil or Are In
eerested in Makns Home.
CURE THE WHEAT DISEASE

BLACKSBURG. VA. October 2S.-Dr
F. D. Frommc. plant pathologist at the
. Virginia Polytcchnic Institute. has this
Ito say about 4 serious menace TO the
wheat crop in certain sections OF Nir-
: ginia;
Specimens of a wheat pest new to
. the State and Of rare occurrence in
: the United States have been received
Ivy the plant pathologist ~ inc expert
mental station during the present sea-
son from farm in X Rockingham County.
The disease in question, which has
been called false crgot and ear cookies
IN Europe. attacks the grain and rem
GERS II unstable and unfit Tor any pur-
pose. The infected grains OF wheat are
only about one-thrd the size OF normal
Grains. and are blackcred or discolored
Usually all lir grains in i head are in
frcted The owner of the field esti-
mated that fully one fourth OF the crop
was diseased. The disease is caused
by minute worms called ncma iodcS.
which are similar TO those that produce
the destructive root knot disease OF cot
ION and other plants. These worms are
so small that they cannot be seen with
{. the eye ana Their presence can only be
detected with the aid of n microscope,
When an affected grain is crushed and
examined under II microscope II is seen
10 be fun OF myriads of these worms.
The most effective remedy lies in the
use OF clean seed and the avoidance
of any tina; appears to be affected. 1t
1t not possible to remove all OF the
disease grains in Il tanning mill. and
apparently seed treatment AS used for
;hc smut is not effective.
As wartime measure and as Il
nuticr OF economy. every bushel of
wheat aud Uats Sown this year should
be treated for smut. At the average
!, lnss from smut and Il, the present
price or wheel. a saving OF about 81
can be realized a. cost OF about l
cent for matci@Is. Treat your seed
oats ana wheat as follows:
Spread grain OH "a floor or canvass and
sprinkle with solution made of one
pound &C formalin GO per cent formal
dehyde) in forty gallons OF water Un-
Ill moist. but not wet enough to pack
in the hand. Shovel over to distribute
moisture evenly, then put into a pile
and cover with sacks or other cloth
for two hours. Tile 50 &c may he sown
nj once ~ kept over until the next day.
If II is to be kept longer, dry ii by
spreading out in thin layer and stir
ring with rake or mix in some land
plaster. Each gallon OF the solution
will treat a bushcl of oats and almost
Two bushels of wheat.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
strinElns the Seed Corn propcr,y.

dry out thoroughly before the bitter
freezes OF winter millions Of dollars
would be added 10 the value of next
years corn crop.
Whether our land be rich or noor
whether IL be well or poorly prepared
whether the care Of the crop he good
or bad. whether or not the insects lew
tribute on the crop, whether or not the
season be favorable. yet our chances
for crop arc far better II we nay.
good seed seed that will not only grow.
but that vii! produce strong. vigorous
stalks. with good ears.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
Weekly Cotton neyIc,,.

,. tE Associated Pressl
NEW ORLEANS. October 2S.-Aftcr
opening at lower levels last week
cotton advanced to new high record. !;
Tor this contract market, October
touching 2S cents n pound. The mar
kct fell of later. closing at net
loss for the week OF 20 81 points.
AT the highest, active months were
40 10 50 points over tho previous weeks
final quotations. There was much talk
Of Il reaction. and this was the chief
influence working against values. On
the close OF the week there were pre-
dictions Of heavie- ginning returns,
and this stimulated bcarish sentiment
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
When to Gather App,c.

Red apples are ready to he gathered
as soon as the mature color appears.
Ey mature color il IS not meant that
the apple should hang until ovcr-ripe.
but there is n change from the green
under color TO ripe under color.
When this has taken place the apple
can be said TO have reached it's ma
ture color.
The time 10 pick yellow apples Is
determined by the color of the seeds,
the seeds are turning brown. The
ruit Is ready TO pick. that Is, If the
piles come loose from the spurs
eadily.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
Prevent. Intury by Rrbn,,.

Inc following wash Is recommended
70 prevent rabbits gnawin- ample or
other orchard trees: Take onc-holf
fah"n carh"'ic acid. four mounds ~
sulphur. two gallons soft soap and
'htrty-two pounds Of lime Mix the
soar with crouch water 70 slack Tho
lime. then. while hot. mix in the SUI.
lhnr and acid. When applied by ahou,
the first Of April i, viii also act as :.
preventive of borcrs
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
I'uttenfnx GceSc,

When the fattening season arrives.
according to an experienced goose
raiser. keep the fowls shut away from
bathing water ana feed ba-lcymeal
cornneal and beef scraps and some
chopped celery. Keep them in n sub
dned light for three or four weeks.
when they can be let out for couple
o. days to enjoy the use OF Il pond.
Then return To clean quarters. and feed
on harlcy!neal and milk, and chopped.
:ciery Tor two or three days letting
hcm go twcnty-four hours before KILL
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
S1cG

IL the case where they are set Nat on
The bottom OF the boiler Note tina, tho
water in the boiler comes probably
two-thrds of the way TO the top OF
the jars OF vegetables. The steam
cooks that part above the water The
tops of the Jars must be left sufficient
ly loose TO allow the steam and eX-
pnnninG air to escape from the lar
whom thcv hnrO nc hot
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
HOMEMADE CANNING OUTFIT

This picture. taken from an Oregon
Agricultural College bulletin. shows n
homemade canning outfit. very prac-
t'cablc ana available for every farm
Kitchen. u is common wash boiler
with false bottom made OF wooden
Stats TO set the jars on in order that
they VIII not he broken. as is frequent
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
Feeding Surgcntlnna.

IL saves Il lot of work to dump the
orn for cattle on the ground and let
hem dig it out OF the dirt for their
convenience, but 1t Is a mighty ex-
pcnsivc form of laziness.
An open she'd with a wcll-drained
irt floor provided with trouIhs should
.lwnys re part of every stock feed
rs equipment.
AS the haru work eases up on tho
horses. cut down their feed accord
nSly.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
OBEY MEN IN AUTHORITY,
SAYS CARDINAL GIBBONS
Declares Hearty and Loyal Obcdicnc,
Is Paramount Duty OF Amer
lean Citizens.
THANKS GOD FOR REPUBLIC
Has Firm and Abiding Faith in Per-
petuity Of Nation, but HOPE for
Future Must Rest OH Honesty in
Own Dealings With Others.

BALTIMORE. MD. Octnber 2s."The
paramount duty OF American citizcns
in the prcsen, crisis is a hearty and
loyal obedience to the constituted au-
thoritics." declared Cardinal Gibbons.
in sermon on Loyalty 20 Country.
here to-day.
BE slow to criticize" the cardinal
continued Remember that you view
the situation from one angle: your
rulers contemplate it from various
angles. They have lights and sources
Of information that are closed 10 you.
Your Judgment of the administration.
and your criticism of their Official acts.
should be always subordinatcd TO a
generous and whole soulcd submission
to their rulings. 1t is theirs to COM
mand: 1t is yours to obey
And in manifesting your loyalty to
your country, you VIII be pursuing q
sacred and honorable course. and you
will be following the invariable tradi-
lions OF your fathers from the founda-
ton of the republic.
81 thank God that we live i'm corn-
try where liberty is granted without
license. and authority is exercised
without despotism, where the govern
ment holds, over us the acgis of it's
protection without Interfering with the
God-Given rights OF conscience.
RECoNCILEs AUTIIourvY
WITH INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM
The United States has succeeded in
solving the difficult problem of recon
CLING legitimate authority with indi-
vidual freedom. We have no union be-
tween church and state. But this does
not Imply any antagonism between the
two powers. Church and state amicablv
move in parallel lines. helping one an
other in their respective fields of labor.
The question is often asked: VIII
the republic endure? have a firm
and abiding faith in the perpctuity Of
the nation. She has successfully wealth
cred many a tumultuous tempest in
the past. and. with Gods help, she
will triumohan,ly ride over the storms
that now assail her.
But If our country, with her glorious
institutions, is to survive. her survival
must resi- on Il stronger basis than on
the genius OF our statesmen. the wis
dom Of our laws. and the patriotism
P'oPic' II sh" IL 10 endure,
she must stand on the eternal princi-
pies Of truth and justice ana righteous
ness. She must rest on devout recoE-
hit'on OF an overrulirg Providence
VINO has created all things by His
power, governs all things by His Wis
dom, whose guiding hand directs tho
aha'rs of nations and of men. without
whom not even bird can fall to. the
ground. Our hope for the future well
!ar2 OF the country must res; on down
right honesty In our dealings With
othsr nations"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

No person can hope TO he success sful
in the hroi1cr business without both
Skill and capital.
1t must be run in connection with n
good egg farm, as that is the only
way to procure good eggs for the in
cubator.
1t Is, IL anything. more important to
have a good brooder than hatcher
A top-heat broodcr may be all riehi
In summer. but you won't want 1t in
winter.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
Hogs N TIC Orchard

The Pennsylvania State zoologist,
Prof II. H. surface, says that il viii,
be safe 10 pasture hogs in the young
orchard If YOU will watch two or
three important points. one is 10 be
sure that the hogs do not rub again Il
the trees too hard in tho process OF
scratching themselves Another point
Is TO watch that the hogs do not root
out The roots of Young trees
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

Any ncighborhood that does not have
enough enterprise to keep two or three
log road drags going for couple OF
weeks during the late fail is sadly
behind the times. Farmers who are
100 lazy to no this ought TO be COM
PEELED TO drag their weary legs through
the mud to town next spriug-as they
/ surely Will
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

esults cannot be stated definitely. In
cneral. the lines should be sufficiently
ner alto cahc other to carry all of the
surplus water promptly from the in
tcrvcninE space. The tile should be
deep enough to provide an adequate
DOT zone for crops, free from surplus
water The usual method is to have
he main drain follow natural water
courses. king sweeping but not
abrupt GUS The same is true OF
Subuiains.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

when caponlzing has been proper
ly done. the head is small for tho size
ot the body. the comb and wattles are
pale and withercd.N the body pnmper.
rounder and larger than in an ordin-
n!y fowl. and the spur aborIivc II
til" operation WAS incomplete. the head
Will be like that of an ordinary bird
and the body less rounded. SUCH
birds. known technically as sin ca
pons.' are much inferior to true ca
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
Sheep Must He Protected.

Some farmers seem to imagine that
Jnst because a sheep has "A fleece TO
protect it. that shelter from cold aud
storms is not necessary. but thew
should know that sheep are more siI,
cept!b!c to cold and daInpucss than.
ans other animal on the farm
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

buy, part the wool and examine the
skin on various parts of his body. If
!, ~ cherry or pirkish color. he is III
good condition. but If il is blue OF
muddy In appearance. do not buy him
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
Fact, for Farmers. Stock
Breeders, Psultry Raiscrs,
Orehardis.s, Truckers and Gar.
deners--.Queries and ANSWERS
BRIEF NOTES THOUGHT
OUT BY THE WAiSlDE

Many case OF pneumonia, or some
thing worse. is started by men becom-
ms suddenly chilled in the fal! at.cr
great eNertion. Keep warm coat;
handy.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

IL n young horse breaks his halter
at the first trial, ne Is pretty sure to
b." pnller the rest of his life un-
less broiNon ut the very start
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

The hogs should hog loft enough corn
TO finish them for the market. unless
they are to be pat behind cattle
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
SAVE BEST EARS FOR SEED

If every ear Of corn intended for
planting next spring was harvested no,
later than the middle Of October.
and hung up in the attic where i, could
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

Always keep the very best ewes in
the flock for breeding. II you persis.
in selling the best, YOU will soon sell
the flock right out from under you.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

When skim milk is used instead Of
water in cooking cereals, unless a
double boiler is used, greater care
must be tAkcn TO prevent burning
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

Sod. when thoroughly broken up.
makes the soil richer. The Job is to
&c, /; broken up and worked into the
soil.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

Establish h,mr canning firm
Father. Mother & Co. Don't forge.
the little cos"
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
t,iwI,t Your En~,nIe.

To know the tricks of the enemy IS
nlf the battle. Know the insects and
iseases which attack your vegetables
and You will know how to fight them.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

TOO many .arrners expect more Of
their hogs than nature will permit
them 10 accomplish.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

a sheep tha. is damp to the skin
is never = well sheep.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

Remember that starch is = cheap
kind of body fuel: cornmeal contains
about - per cent OF starch
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

No business demands greater de-
cisior and raplity of ac, son than iocS
the marketing of perishaale products.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

The common COW is the COW sor the
man who is not 4 better Ga;rynan
than she is Il dairy COW.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29

Alfalfa does not wiaterlSill unless It
| is cut too late III he season.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-29
Con tip alton

is permanently corrected by the
celebrated Shivar Mineral Water Posi-.
lively guaranteed by money-back offer
Tastes fine: costs n tribe. Delivered
anywhere by our Richmond agents
Spence -NunnamalScr Co.-Adv.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-07-22

material reduction In the number Of
cases OF preventable disease reported
from the State. In six months
period. diphtheria showed reduction
typhoid fever. 80 per cent. and tubcr-
culosis. Is per cent. 1t has been stated
that at conservative estimate IT
would bo possible to reduce prevent
ablo sickness 10 per cent II the women
OF the State respond to the urgent
necessity and enroll In the classes Of
fcrcd. Al this conservative figure. the
saving in cases OF sickness would be
5000.
Two or three communities In which
public health nurses can act as in
structors will be organized as rapidly
as possible. 1t is hoped that ut least
six counties may be at work this
summer.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-07-22
EAGLES MEET IN BUFFALO
Dixie Aerie to Send Large Delegation
to C0nvePtion-BIE Patriotic
Parade.

The grand acrie of the Fraternal Or
der of Eagles will meet in Buffalo. y.
Y, the week OF August Is. The grand
officers and the Buffalo committee in
charge have decided that this con-
vention will be pre-eminently patri-
otto one. Various important matters
viii be up for action. including that of
subscribing for million dollars for
Liberty bonds. and :hc consideration Of
a fund TO be created by each member
contributing for the purpose OF issu-
Ing policy for $1,000 to the family
OF every member OF tho order that
enters the service OF his country in
war. besides other legislation along
the lines OF patriotism. The big pa :
rade to be held on Thursday viii be
patriotic from start to finish. The flag,
nc regular emblem of the order, will
be used for all decorations.
Dixie Acrie, 33S. Of Richmond. will
send large delegation Of rs mem
bers and their families. Delegates from
throughout the State will attend in
large numbers. +. r. Fuller. a mem
Der OF the committee on judiciary OF
the grand acrie. will leave Richmond
4 week earlier. as this committee iays
out the work of the convention pre-
vious to the general assembling of the
delegates.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-07-22
How To Overcome
Foot Troubles

Unless a person has actually suf-
fered with tired aching burning feet
or painful corns or calluses. they can
not appreciate the misery that such
All ictions bring.
Reports now show that over so per
from some form Of foot troubles and
modern footwear is said to be causing
an alarming increase in this percent-
age. therefore. the following should
prove of special interest TO readers.
recently in the treatment of these
Mint. these distinctive features were
noticeable. Tired aching, burning and
swollen feet invariably become cool.
easy and comfortable after the first
application. while in the treatment OF
corns and calluses. il was noticed that
corn or callus had tendency 10
loosen. and in "a short time could easily
be lifted out with the hnEcrs-root
and all-leavins the surrounding skin
in normal. healthy condition.
This. together with the fact that
pleasant 10 apply--and Is absolutely
harrlcss-is no doubt responsible for
the high endorsement given II by Spe-
cialists as the surest. safest and most
eiiicacious treatment for distressing
foot troubles.
simple. pleasant process Of rubbing a
little ce-Mint on the foot at night
Will shortly rid one of every painful
corn or callus. and will keep the feet
cool. comfortable and rested even on
the hottest days. IL is ca V TO under
is now used in nearly every American
home. Any one suffering from foot
troubles Is advised to give 1ce-Mint n
trial. There Is nothing better.-Adv.