davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
IRRELICION LEGAL,
BRITISH LORDS RULE
Court Decides in FaUor of Be-
quest TO Secular Society, Ltd.
Special Cobie Dssposch TO The sUS from she
London Times

LONDON Tunes
LONDON May 1.-THE House OF Lords
decided to-day an unUsual case relating
% the dominant role OF Christianity in
Er!tisl law. By majority vote OF forr
t. one tine Lords decidei that the C-ris
tan religion could be suovartei legally
av rever.nt and sincere methods.
The Gaze was AS follows: \ legacy
vas left 70 the Secular Society, Ltd. the
min object OF which is "to promote The
principle that human conduct should he
.,n sed upon natural knowledge. not upon
supe.-.atura, belief and also that the
human welfare Of this world is the
proper end OF all Thought and action
The trial court and also n. court %;
appea! upheld the validity OF the he
quest The contention was that the COM
pany existed for the purpose OF subvert
ing the Christian relig On. and was there
fore an Illegal corporation
The Lord Chancellor ruled that
Christianity was part of the law o: the
and. and that change could he ct-
forted only by statute and not by legal
decision He thought appeals should be
allowed.
nri yp',nedin held that the obJ.,'
o. the sccie.y could he followed wit. oI'
tho ,,i.u" NJ b'nsphemy. y" other stat
uta va. .ai.oh into question: ie said.
;.ord Parker greed with the quota
ton from! 1rStl.e colegidge that thor,
4. ro:.,.Hg un..9wful In common law /:
reverartt" dp,Ih ing or denying the doc
trincs @. Christianity. however fuuda
mental
lord SJpnior ga ID that. with all respect
. TO lie grca; names OF tine lawyers who
had used .hc phrase christianity is q
part OF .he'law of england 1t was really
! not law, bu: only rhetoric.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
BRITISH READY
FOR SUFFRAGE
Bill Giving Women Vote to
Be introduced To-day
i'm Commons.
PLAN IS REVOLUTIONARY
Wide Reform in Whole Elec-
tOral System Is Scheme of
Government.

spec,1i cable Despoich 20 Tx scN trO,0 the
london Tines.
LONDON. May ia bill % give the
vote 20 Englishwomen and otherwise 20
reform most radically the whole British
voting system and the system ~ renre-
sentation IN Parliament vii. So intro
duced in the House Of Commons 10
morrow. The Times Gays
The ch'ef provisions. whs.h an!oln;
70 an electoral revolution. may be stunt
married. as follows:
THE franchise qualifications Will in
clude men OF 81 or over with six months
residence o. occupation OF business
premises.
'Srhe franchise will BE- conferred on
any woman on the local government reg
lister, and on the wife Of any man who
Is on that register II she has attained
the age OF thirty years.
mo elector is to have more than two
votes one for his residence in one con-
st!tuency. and one for his business prem
ises in another. or for mis- university.
"Redistribution Of the seats in the
House OF Commons for Great Britain on
the basis OF 10000 as the standard unit
of population for each member
Proportional representation for the
large urban areas.
"All polls in a general election to be
held in one day"
Premier Lloyd George and former
Premier Asauith already have expressed
hearty approval OF extending the SUI
frage to Englishwonen a. n result OF
. the experiences of the war. Genera
/ electoral reform in Great Britain has
been predicted for some time.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
A BLOW TO GERMANY.
BOnRr Law Says Loss OF Austria
Would Seem Fatal to Kaiser,

LONDON. May Ii.-ln the House Of
Commons to-day John Amman Bryce,
Liberal. referring TO the talk heard In
foreign countries as to the desirabiity
of making u separate peace with Austria
which, hc SAID. was producing deplora-
h!. impression III some OF the allied ma
tons, invited the Government to declare
that In no circumstances would Il con-
cludc such a peace with Austria. lie
believed such u declaration would have
an excellent effect In Russia.
Andrew Ionar Law. Chancellor OF the
ENvhsquer. in reply said there had never
been question OF making n separate
peace, but h" considered the whole mat
ter dcpcndcd on circumstances Ger
many - always trying to detach some %
the Allies he added, land II might be
! don't in the least intend 10 suggest tt
that no blow would seem SO fatal to Ger
many as X one OF her own allies were
detached from the fight
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
TEUTONS TRICK FOE
BY DUMMY U-BOATS
Use Device to Escape Bombs
of Entente Airmen.
S.er,ci Cah,e D,sra,ch 10 TIRE sr,

l.oNDoS. May 4.---.\ccording to des-
patches from Amsterdam the intensive
hoMbard,ncn;s by British seaplanes of
the German submarine bas. at Xer-
hruCse, on the Belgian coast have
forced he Germans 90 use many tricks
to escape serious damage. One method
the british a.rIAen have discovered Is
tho construction ot dummy submarines
OF wood, Which act rs decoys while the
real submarines scurry up the canals
and hide under bo:nbproof shelters built
In tn" canal banks,
'rhe British av!ators nov carry their
raids inland until they find the U-boats
refuge. Heretofore when the British ma
chimes appeared the German destroyers
skunk out of ha!bor ard took UP posi-
tons just inside the outer mine fields,
but during the last rdids these destroyers
have escaped the airmen only tn run
into a heavy fre from a British fotilla,
which shells them back into harbor. There
they came under the fire of the sea-
planes.
Zeebrusge is heavily defended with
sand dunes, and there are subterranean
railways by which great naval guns
are carried from one emplacement 60 an
other.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15

WASHINGTON, May 14.--Grest Britain
has agreed to turn over TO the United
States every ton OF shipping now build
terests, It was announced to-day at the
offices of the Shipping Board. This will
add 1.024,000 tons of steel ships TO
the American overseas war fleet within
eighteen months.
The British representatives" N.r Den
man said, have recognized that il
was necessary to speed UP construction
work on these vessels by governmental
authority The plan of the Shipping
Board contemplates speeding these ves-
sells off the ways by furnishing a lou-
BILE shift and otherwise augmenting the
labor tht ough the Government Mr. Ba-
four has therefore suggested that the
English slow time contracts should not De
allowed to stand in the way"
With the 100000 tons progra m:ne
OF the Shipping Board the tonnage given
to the United States by the British and
tho other ships now being built In Amer
lean shipyards by foreign and home cap
ital, Ill OF which will be available for
the use of this country on the passage
OF the Administration shipping bill. 1t
is estimated that more than 10000
tons will be placed under the American
rag within the next year and a half
This. with the tonnage already under
American registry. will bring the over
seas feet OF the United States to be-
tween 100000 and 100000 tons.
Divided as to Early Transport.
Aside from tho problem of transporting
food TO tho Allies, which the Shipping
Board .s trying to meet In i;s shipbuild-
ing campsg gn. there IL the necessity Of
getting sufficient tonnage available to
| carry 20 France 100000 American SOL
dxers and tho food and munitions to
supply them. The combination OF these
.wo probler5 is causing not a little
/ uneasiness. Either might be handled
| singly, but tho prospects are that when
the United States wishes 10 send its
| troops to France II necessarily will have
to curtail the food shipments which are
! almost. II not fully. as vita! 20 the
| Allies as military reinforcement.
The Shipping Board does not know
| yet when II will be required to furnis!,
! tho ships for tho transport OF troops.
/ Some of the military experts favor only
! a brief training in the fundamentals OF
warfare on this side. with the remainder
! o. the training just back of the Airing
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
BRITAIN TURNS OVER TO u. S.
1,O24,OOO TONS OF SHIPPING
All Vessels Now Under Construction Here to Go Into
American Marine-Transportatio of Troops
and Supplies Grave Problem

line In France This is vigorously OPP
posed by the other school, which wants
virtually all the training to be given
on this side. where supplies are easily
available. With this division OF opinion
the Shipping Board may be asked to
supply transports within five or SIX
months. or possibly not for nearly a
year Should a Roosevelt contingent no
authorized this would require considera-
BILE tonnage at an early date.
The offer of the British ships on the
ways in American yards was made after
conferences Of the American shipping ex-
perts with representatives on tho British
commission They conceded the vital ne
cessity OF shipping to the successful exc
cution OF this Governments plan to
supply the Allies with food and to trans
port troops. Some of the British ships.
including those which were purchased by
British interests from Norwegian ship
owners, are coming off the way at this
time. Others for which contracts were
only recently made will not be completed
until next year.
Steel Men Come TO Front.
The proposal of the Shipping Board to
commander the products OF steel plants
and II necessary to take over the plants
the campaign for new ships 1t was 9
difficult matter for the board to dno
steel in any quantity or to ind any stee
ship builders who were willing to entel
into contracts with the Government
Within the last fcw weeks, however
many yards have been found to con
| struct steel ships and the steel mer
have agreed to furnish 100000 tons o.
steel n month for this construction.
Chairman Denman Of the board sale
tonight that the designation of Col
John NJ. Carson, United states arm!
! quartermaster In New York, ms super
/ intendent OF army transport service o
/ the port Of New York. has no bearinl
OF the boards plans.
His appointment" said Mr.. Denman
( has no connection with the management
! or distribution of tonnage which tn
shipping Board controls. No time is be
ing lost, because as each seized German
ship Is repaired II is chartered for
single trip to some one of the allied Gov
/ errments. The board is coRsiderin
tentatively number OF different meth
DDS for the operation of the feet unde
It's control. The experience OF the for
cxn Governments will be OF great valu
TO us In determining the scheme Iinall
adopted"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
Ss5. 100000 MORE TO BRITAIN
Total Payment to Allies Now
Reaches S475.OOO,OOO.

N,sHIHCroN. May l4.--Great Britain
to-day received a third instalment of
So. 900 800 nf the $1,000, 900. 900 which
the Crit d States has agreed to lend to
mec; Er.:!sh purchases In this country
in .hsy,
This hrin-s the amount advanced TO
Great Britain thus far UP to S2,o,oo0 900
ana the total - all the Allies exclusive
o. he s75, 900 900 to be loaned to Re-
sn,,n for t,ediug the population in occu-
pied graa. up to s+;5 100000. The other
$500, 900 900 ma, been divided between
France and l:alr. II is understood that
another loan TO italy Ia being considered
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
SHONTS DECLARES
FOR MORE REVENUE
Surface Lines Face Receiver.
He Says--Other Traction
Men Join Move.

omen adrssiou--the first which has
been made. offcially-that the New
York Railways Company expects to asI
the Pubic Service Commissions leave
to charge more for transportation on
the green car surface linee, was made
by Theodore p. Snonts. the president.
in a statemen; given out last night.
Mr. Shonts makes no suggestion OF
Z, 6 cent fare bu, asserts that the green
car lines "orc moving with steadily
nccclerating pace" toward re.eiver-
ship. and SAYS .hat il tho company we-s
forced into a receivership the separate
companies. then restored TO tneir
managemente. would OF course nave tho
right to charge Independent fares 'ot
each passenger" This would mean Tia
upsetting OF existing .ransfei arrange
ments.
THE peop,e OF New Yorl; it pay
nominal 8 cent fare for a ride On their
street railroads" says Mr. Shonts. TIE
subway and elevated lines obtain full
5 cent fare from each passenger
Owing to the transfer arrange
ments the result to the New York
| Railways Company is only about 81,
| cents for each trip taken on trolley
| car
| employees and the increased cost or
| materials are, assigned by Mr.. Shon's as
| reasons for "a very grave increase in
| the costs of operation that has become
| alarming" That other systems through
| out the state are confronted by similar
| condition and that a general appeal to
| the Public Service Commissions !e to be
made was indicated AT meeting OF
committee of street railway executives
| held Yesterday at Vast Fort'ath street.
! At this meeting. which was called by J,
p. Barnes, president o' mo New YORK
Electric Rail,v2y Association, sub
committees were appointed 10 confer
| with the Nen York city and upstate
commissions. Thsse confere9css. Il Is
| exnected, will be held tr-u,GrroW.
| In his statement M. Shon.5 says:
"The subway and elevated liros are
prospecting but the surface lines are
! threatened with bankruptcy unless
present tendencies are arrsstHd. II u
absolutely recassagy tina. tia New York
Railways improve their revenues. Though
the stock Of the New York Haiiway'
Company is owned by tho InterborouSf
consoIidated Company, that stock pay'
no dividends. We are not row con
cerrad with attempting TO earn divi
dends on that stock. Our conce~n is tC
ave the green car lines from receiver
ship.
I'VE shall expect to lay all tho fsct'
before the people o. New York, for W.
realize that the good will OF tho publi'
IL a Supremacy important factor in this
ar In other matters, Our purpose Is 4
protect our service to the people OF thil
city. We feel confident that the public
sense OF what n fair and right will upOi
consideration OF the facts realize tina
onr needs are real and that to satisf!
them will be IN the public interest"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
LET NEUTRAL CREWS
DIE, GERMAN URGES
Unrestricted T error Advocated
to Halt Shipping.

CoPENHAoEN, via London, May 10
Prof Oswald Famm. Privy Councillor
and a resident OF Charlottenburg. Prus-
.ia. In an article in Die Woche (Berlin),
advocates harsher treatment OF neutral
ships by Germany with the object OF in
timdating them into remaining in their
home ports anc compelling the British
to risk their own ships.
Such reaction against British tom
mage" he says. would he more quickly
enforced II fewer crews Of torpedoed
neutral ships we're saved. II neutrals
were destroyed SO that they disappeared
without leaving a trace. terror would
soon keep seamcn and travellers away
from the danger sonss and thus save
many lives"
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
Save Russia, Says
Soldiers' Council

f|6 NO0NAD, via LOndOn, MAY
r5.-The Council of Soldiers
and Workmen's Deputies has is
sued an appeal to the army in
which 1t declares that German
imperialism is seeking to destroy
revolutionary Russia and enslave
the Russian people. 1t appeals
to the soldiers to defend Russia
with all their power and declares
that a separate peace is impos-
sible.
The appeal says that the only
solution of the war must be a
general pence among all nations
by common agreement. 1t asserts
that the Council is aiming at
peace bv calling for a revolution
among the workmen and peasants
of Germany and Austria Hun
gary, but that peace cannot be
achieved unless the enemy at the
front is checked. The manifesto
concludes with begging the SOL
d;ers no. to renounce their offen-
'ive and warns AGAINST fraterniz-
ing witt, the enemy. which. it
says. cannot end the war.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15

B.' Il is safe to say that hiog'-n pNnra
of days to come Will not take NJ.
Choate quite az his own word whor in
tn" autobiography in "NNho's Who" hc
G"t himself down as Joseph Hodges
Chcate, diplomatist" Diplomats, YES
an Ambassador his country was proud
nf - statesman. philanthrorist ana n
r"Former and politician wholly lacking
the cd'um that often Is popularly as
sociatcd with the word reformer and
almost always with politician; fore
mos, among the citisens Of his adopted
city and OF his country. an orator Of
the first rank-all these excellencfes
will be admitted.
But moro than anything else the
bioRraphers will remember him az
Joseph Hodges Choate. lawyer" the
dean of the American bar and one OF
the foremost lawyers Of the world.
When he came back to America after
relnquishing his Amba asadorship to
England he had Just pa ssed his seventy
fourth birthday With the farewell
cheers from an English steamship pier
still ringing In his ears. with fresh men,
cries OF tributes OF farewell from the
English King and Queen and their court
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
RAIDER NOW IS U. S. WARSH1P.
PrinE EiteI Frledrich In COmmis-
sion 70 Fight Germans.

WAsHrN.roN. MAY i4.--The American
steamship Dekalh. formerly the German
auxiliary crulvc- ard commerce raider
.prinz Nitel Friedrich. waa placed in full
commission In the American navy Oh
May IL, the Department announced to-
day.
The Dekalb will bc the first OF ,aa
German ships, either naval or merchant,
TO be employed against the German Gov
ernment Thn Navy Department would
not disclose tire duty TO which The vessel
has been assigned
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
KAISER SHIFTS 100000 MEN.
Forty Divisions Are Sent From t.nst
to West Front.

rETgoGlAp. May l4-Ger-nary has
Withdrawn forty divisions tapproxi-
mately soc, 900 Iren) from the Russian
east from. and hurried them 10 France to
onpo,c the Franco British offensive. aG-
coraing 10 information from Russian
headquarters published to-daE IN pc'ro-
grad newspapers.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
Camr Named FOR Fsastsn.

SAN ANTONIO, Tex, May i<.--tfonor-
ing the late Ma1or-uen. Frederick Fun
sion, the post Office and the training
camp for reserve officers At Leon
Springs Tex. will hereafter Be known
A. Camp Funston.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
SAYS TURKS WANT
SEPARATE PEACE
Opening of Dardanelles for
War and Merchant Ships
Promised.

ROME, via Paris, May l4.--The idea
Va: :ionGie. the organ OF the Nationalist
party, prints "A report from diplomatic
uunricrs that Turkey has made over
lures 20 Russia through neutral source
fOr a separate peace on the basis OF the
complct. opening OF the straits to Rus
s!t.n navigation. both for war and mer-
chant vessels.
According 20 this report Turkey also
declares herself disposed TO give friendly
consideration 10 the Armenian question
and suitable recognition to the principle
OF nAt.onulitieS.
Numerous reports have been current
OF late OF Turkeys efforts in the d.rec-
ton OF peace. Turkish agents. according
to o;'ic!a! Information reaching London
OH May .. are 1t work N Switzerland
with the object OF assuring the con-
tinued existence of Turkey. II has been
said that Turkey. provided she is per
mitted to hold Constan;inoplo. Is willing
10 allow complete freedom of the Darda-
neileS
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15

THE GREENERIER--whit sulphur
Springs. W. Va, Ideal time for the cure
Only one niSht from New York.---Adv.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
DISASTER NEAR.
RUSSIANS TOLD.
Minister of Justice Makes
Impassioned Speech to
Soldier Delegates.
PLEADS FOR HARMONY
"AS Affairs Are Going 1t Will
BE Impossible to Save
Country" He Says.

PETRoGEAp. May IS. via London. May
10 tde!ayed) In an impassioned ap-
peal TO delegates from the front at a
meeting in Petrogrsd to-day, y. F..
kerensky, Minister of Justice uhe one
Socialist member OF the provisional Gov
ern,nont, made the most alarming dag
nos's Of Russias Internal crisis which
has come from any o,aclal rerson since
tile revolution. The Minister of Justice.
who heretofore had made only the most
optimistic and reassuring declarations.
confessed tha. his confidence had LETT
him and that he feared disaster.
Il came to you." said NJ. Kerensty.
because my strength is at an end. no
longer feel my former courage nor have
my former conviction that we are con-
sctentious citizens, not slaves in revolt
am sorry did not die two months ago
when the dream OF new life was grow
ing In the hearts Of the Russian people,
when / was sure the country could gov
err itself without the whip.
"As affairs are going now /; Will be
impossible TO save the country. Per-
haps the time Is near when we will have
TO tell you that we can no longer give
you the amount OF bread YOU expect or
other supplies Oh which you have a
right 10 count. The process OF The
change from slavery to freedom is not
going on properly. We have tasted free
dom and are slightly intoxicated, but
what We need is sobriety and discipline.
Part in War Threatened.
ou cou'u sui'T' ana pe s''en' i'' .ets
years ana op'! t"e orce's VI " h"'eu
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
WAR MINISTER RESIGNS.
Forced to give Up by Interference
Of Work ems Council.

pETRoGRAp, May 1.-THE Counc'i OF
Worhmen's and Soldiers delegates is
strongly opposed to the idea of E"sr.a
making a separate peace wi'H Gnr'urrv
or even concluding an ar:nistiee, it is
semi officially announced Yet the nnur-
ellis constont interference with military
matters has forced a. j. Guchkoff. the
Minister of War. to throw up his hands
IN disgust and resign.
'rh To was issued to-day by the lemi-
Official news agency a statement which
goes tar toward setting at rest fears
taat Russia would make a separate pea ce
w.ih Gorrnary. FOR II was only from the
vo,f,ncn's and soldiers delegates that
Ylch a move was expected, There never
has been any doubt OF tie loyalty 10 The
Allies Of the provisional Government,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15
Appeal Made TO Soldiers.

According TO this announcement tue
woranen and soldiers not only do not
ra"or an armistice, but are now com
posing an appeal 10 the soldiers at the
front to stop fraternizing with the Ger
mans and .>ustrians between the lines
and pointing ort that a separate peace
is not advisable. The news agcncy's
statement follows:
"The repO-t thai the Council OF
workmens and soldiers delegates has
ca lied for an armistcc IL d"nigd. The
question Of an arIn.stice has never been
raised by the council, which on tho con-
trsry s engaged at present in dra'tipg
an appeal to the soldiers at tho front
pointing ont the inadvisabiltty OF q
separate peace or OF fratern!z'ng with
the enemy
NJ Guchkorf announced his ressnation
to the congress oe soldier delegates from
,he front, a body separate from the per-
,nupent Council OF Workmens and Sol
diers' delegates. saying In effect that the
10 Ter body ard other radical influences
had assumed Srch power and me idled SO
In army matters that he could mo longer
share responsibility for the grave sin
being committed against tho country
Ills lettc- OF resignation. which ne
sent to f.since LNofi. the Premier. was NJ
! follows:
| tho mower OF me Government has been
placed. especially the authority OF the
| Minister OF War in relation to the army
! and the navy, a condition which ] am
powerless to alter and which threatens
| TO have consequences fatal to the de-
fence, tho liberty and even the existence
| Of Prussia, I can no longer exercise the
functions O: Minister OF War and Ma
rine and share responsibility for the
grave sin being committed against the
country"
Following Immediately upon the resiE-
nation Of Gen. KornilofY commandant of
tho Petrograd garrison. yesterday for
the very same reason, NJ. GuchlSofrs
withdrawal from the Ministry OF War
has aroused great excitement. There is
great curiosity as to his successor.
An article In tho Russki0 Volta shows
that the announcement of tho Work.
mons and Soldiers' Council that II does
not favor separate peace came none LOG
soon. for the Germans persist In their
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15

Bcsian Stetement---Therc was artil-
h'S activity on both side at various
ecin,s on tho Belgian front, particu-
.ar'y in the region OF Dixmude.
French Afternoon Statcmcnt--Thcre
vas the usual cannonading alonS the
Thole front. Ne repulsed strong Ger
nan reeonno.t-lrs parties which were
"ttrmpting 70 approach our lines a:
various point g. ortheast NJ Vauylil-
Ion. wess of craonne. at Hill les. near
o -
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-05-15

Ce~tt~vsd on HrtA Pose.