davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1917-12-02
When War Started In 1914.

When the war began in August, 1914,
all those neutra1s who wished to I'M
derstand the right and wrong Of the
matter. that their opinions might not
be unjust. began to seek every source
of information which might help them
to learn who started it and why. At
first-as the sources of information
were not Immediately at hand-there
on the face of things It was apparent
that Austria first declared a war upon
Serbia. and Germany then declared
war upon Russia and France. We saw
plainly that Serbia had been begging
and squirming to avoid war and that
Austria and Germany were the coun-
tries that declared war and, of course,
until somebody did actually declare
war or actually make war there was
a chance of peace.
AS soon as the diplomatic documents
were published we all saw-any per-
son who could read was able to see
that Austria had been bent upon war
with Serbia and that Germany had
wanted Austria to make such a war.
wishing to preserve the peace. had
actually prevented peacemaking on the
part of other governments. 1t was
clear. too, that Russia had been bound
to protect Serbia from Austria. and
that Germany understood this. and
knew that Austria's attack on Serbia
meant war between Austria and Rus
sia, which also meant. of course. war
between Germany and Russia and be-
tween Germany and France. since the
latter was Russia's ally.
Nothing could have been more sig
nificant than this. that Germany. being
herself already prepared-down to the
last buckle-for immediate war. de-
clared war on Russia for the alleged
reason that Russia was getting pre-
pared for war. We know this sort Of
talk of old in a thousand trials for
cold-blooded murder in our own coun-
try. "Self-defense" shouts the mur-
derer's attorney. ''The deceased made
a motion toward his hip pocket" Ger
many stood with a bright new auto
matte revolver in hand. and Russia
made a motion toward the hip pocket
where there was later found a pen
knife with two blades broken. self
Defense" Germany claimed loudly
through her attorneys. He made a
motion toward his hip pocket, SO I had
to shoot him."
The German chancellor declared in
the reichstag that Russia made this
fatal motion toward the hip pocket in
spite of England's effort to keep peace.
Russia began it," said the chancellor
and then a few days later all Ger
many began shouting that England
began it!' This was when England
Evening star., 1917-12-02
CASE Of GERMANY
UNDER SEARCHL|GHT
Who, What and Why of the
World War Against
Teutons.
NO ROOM FOR DouBTINe
By BOOTH HARRINGTON.

Every ordinary man can remember
that during his boyhood there was ono
vital point upon which he always in
sisted whenever he was threatened
with discipline for getting into Tight:
HE began IT."
Boys realize that Justice rests upon
And almost every boy has more than
once suffered under tho sting Of an
adult injustice which, declining to in
vestigate, punished him for fighting"
when he had been merely defending
himself. OF course, seH-defense does
not consist entirely of warding ges-
lures, for II 1t did 1t could not defend
A person attacked must either be
beaten or take his choice OF running
away or of striking back; and II tho
assailant is the speedier, running away
Is a mere postponement Of being beat
en-.
Now. as any boy understands that
the most important question about any
fight is who started it?" so any boy
also understands that the question next
why did he start it?" Any boy un-
derstands that a just peace cannot
be made unless 1t takes these two
questions into vital accounts, and that
disciplinary measures not founded upon
them are arbitrary and unjust and vi
cious. Any boy understands that
peacemaker or disciplinarian Who
places both belligerents upon the same
plane is not only unjust but. in effect.
stupidly partial to the cause of the
guilty belligerent-for one belligerent
is guilty.
People who do not understand these
fundamental matters are not so wise
as boys; and every man has but to
turn back in memory to his boyhood
to know that the important questions
in regard to any fight are who started
II -" and
Evening star., 1917-12-02
Presidents Appeal to People.

The President called, hoping that
there might be Germans in Germany
with whom the world could make peace.
Is there any one who does not realize
that 1t is the world which Is at war
with Germany? The United States of
America, the French republic, the Rus
sian republic. the British empire. the
Chinese republic. the Japanese empire.
the Portuguese republic. the republics
of Brazil. of Cuba and of Bolivia; the
kingdoms of Italy, of Rumania, OF Ser
bia, of Montenegro, Of Greece. OF Siam,
and the republics Of San Martino and
of Liberia are at war with Germany
Is 1t conceivable that, even under great
provocation, the people of all these ma
tions could have brought themselves to
go forth and kill Germans IL the Ger
man cause had been a good one. or IL
Germany had been a peaceful country
wantonly attacked and not the calcu-
1atfng assailant? And the world cannot
make peace with Germany, because the
men who led Germany out to kill in
the bad cause are still in control Of
Germany. So long as their power re-
mains what 1t is Germany cannot be
trusted an inch farther than our pio-
neer fathers could trust a Comanche.
Tho plain reason is this. that the
Evening star., 1917-12-02
SUFFERERS BY WAR IN ITALY
CARED FOR BY THE RED, CROSS
Medicine, Food, Clothing and Blankets Sup
piled by American Organization-Story of
the Cruelties Endured by Refugees.

had pierced the baby's thigh. Marta
bandaged the wound with a strip from
her petticoat. The old man set the
boy down and took Rina in his arms.
They turned westward toward
anywhere provided 1t be far from the
war. Forty-eight hours later they
reached Mestre on a train, famished,
chilled and penniless. At the Itale-
American comfort post the babies were
given hot milk and warmed before tho
fire until gradually the color returned
to their cheeks and their hearts beat
normally.
Gulps Down Bowl Of Soup.
The old man gulped down a bowl Of
the women ate heartily. The station
leg. They lay down on mattresses in
the spare baggage room while the SOL
diers covered them with military
cloaks. When Consul Carroll and I
tiptoed across the room about midnight
and awakened Marta, the old man, three
women and four children were sleeping
peacefully. Little Rina had forgotten
pain and horror and lay with her cheek
against corner of the blanket
We gave something to Marta She
cried and SO did we when through her
tears she said:
May God thank you. But there arc
so many worse off than we that I
hardly dare take your gifts
If American mothers would hear this
let them open their purses to the Amer
lean Red Cross for the benefit of the
homeless Italian refugees.
Evening star., 1917-12-02
Great Roar" Awakens Sleepers.

Toward midnight when only Marta
was awake the house suddenly seem
ed to leap from it's foundations A
great roar awakened the sleepers The
roof caved in and beams fell crashing
to the floor Marta seized the children
and hurried outside. Returning to seek
the others she found them already
standing in tiny group in the midst
or the chaotic ruins while red tongues
of fire were rising from the spIintered
rood Marta screamed and rushed for
ward. for behind the stove in a big
wooden chest was her little store Of
money Twice she tried to approach
and the second time she burned her
hand.
Then. loading little Antonio. aged six.
on Grandfathsr Antonio's back and
taking Rina. aged nine. by the hand,
Marta left the house with the others,
ell running westward across the fields,
they knew not where. They heard FIR
Ing and the double tapping of the Aus
trtan mauSers nearby Then yellow
haired Kina gave cry and fell for
ward on her face. Marta bent over and
l:ted her youngest daughter while old
Antonio struck a match.
81 heard the whizz of bullet" he
said The child is dead
but II was not true. A stray bullet
Evening star., 1917-12-02

money out of us by annihilating u.s.
We love peace. and are fighting for our
were existence-that is, the right to
adjust our frontiers 80 that they will
include the countries which we have
conquered by the sword. For instance,
We must never again be threatened
by an invasion through Belgium. We
prepared for this war as no country
ever before prevared-not even in 1870.
when we made war on France-and we
were forced to begin 1t because we
had to begin 1t before somebody else
did"
Evening star., 1917-12-02
Their Home in Flames.

Marta stayed IN the farmhouse with
old Antonio and the four children That
day all was quiet. The next morning
three women from a house near the
river arrived. explaining that their
house was in flames.
Our soldiers are all gone" they
said Cant we stay with you and
Grandfather Antonio?"
Marta took them in. She bolted the
big door and closed the shutters. To-
ward noon came the sound of march
ing and then a knock on the door that
nearly broke the hinges.
Open quickly" said a voice in bad
Italian.
Marta glanced at her father sitting
before the great low tile on which a
fire was burning. Then she resolutely
drew the bolt. An Austrian lieuten-
ant, revolver in hand. stepped inside
while through the door Marta saw
many men The officer looked leisure
ly around the room and then, seeing
only an old man who never turned his
head. asked, gruffly:
Woman, are there any Italian SOL
diers here?"
Marta started to lie. but changed her
mind.
They are all gone" she gasped.
Woman, believe you." said the officer.
who bowed and was gone. In the middle of
the afternoon they heard the sound of
voices. but did rot look out Later came
sound like that made by a fast-running
gasoline engine and noise like the crash
Of falling lumber. They understood that
battle was going on nearby. While
eating in the evening there came another
knock at the door. An Italian patrol stood
outside desiring to know if they had
seen any AuStrians. Marta told all she
knew. The sergeant warned them to leave
their homes. and with one voice they
asked. Where shall we go?" The SER
geant, having no answer ready, went on
his way The cannon thundered even
mora lOudfy
Evening star., 1917-12-02
Cablegram to The Sunday Star and
Chicago Daily News. Copyright, 1917.
RY EDGAR ANSEL MOWRER.

Cablesram to The Sunday Star and
Chicago Daily News. Copyright. 1917.
BY EDGAR ANSEL MOwRER.
ITALIAN ARMY HEADQUARTERS.
December lon the wall within the
comfort post at Mestre Star Spangied
Banner twined in brotherhood with
Italy's tricolor proclaims to 'all who
seek warmth shelter and refreshment
beneath 1t that America has understood
the needs of the hundreds of thousands
of homeless and scattered people Many
comfort posts throughout the peninsula
attest to the same desire of the Amer
lean Red Cross to aid.
Medicine. food, clothing and blankets
have arrived from France, with a COM
plete corps of trained men. three OF
whom, under Maj. Eugene p Bfckneli,
a former Chicagoan. are visiting the
Italian cities of the north. inVesuSat-
ing conditions and giving aid and money
in the worst cases. Soon the entire
organization will be at work alleViat-
ing the pain of the national wound pro-
duced by the invasion
Spends Large Sums Daily.
Consul Carroll of Venice has received
more than 250,000 lire tS3o,000) ana ne
IS spending large sums daily in feed
ing refugees in ChioSgia and Mestre.
and in aiding colonies OF Nenetlan
workers to transplant themselves else
where More than 10000 persons have
left Venice, thanks to his efforts. Al
though one may hope that Venice VIII
not fall, all commerce and industry
within the city, which is only fourteen
miles from the Austrian lines, have
necessarily ceased. The population al
ready has been reduced to about 10000
persons. of whom a certain number are
daily taking a mournful farewell and
such goods as it is possible for them
10 transport
The government does not encourage the
refugees. The troops have strict orders
not to warn the population of their in
tending retreat lest the roads and rail-
roads will he overcrowded. These are
already taxed to the utmost by the re-
Guirernents of the government. Neyerthe-
less those Vilo decide to leave their homes
either along the fighting lines or in the
regions liza BILE to be evacua ted do SO freely.
Fully half of these travel by rail and
great numbers pass through MeStre.
where they receive warm soup. milk.
bread. meat. eggs and often money as they
pass beneath the TWO entwlned banners.
Tt was at Mestre that ! met a family
from FaEare and heard the story
which had touched two railroad men to
the point of finding mattresses on
which an old man. four women and
four children could sleep. They had
left their home two nights before. For
& week cannon had been growing along
the Piave. Then one morning a man
with car and a pacing horse had
rolled along the highway before the
pink-plaster farmhouses shouting that
the Austrians had crossed the river.
Marta. the mother whose Husband IS
q teamster somewhere near Modena,
turned into the house where her father.
seventy years old, sat before the fire
drawing long puffs from his pipe and
asked him what they We're to do. DO
what you like, Marta" the old man
said. '1 am too old to leave the farm
house and tramp the broad earth"
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-08-18
DEPT.
TO BE AFFECTED
BY new system

Hawaiian department organizations
win be affected by the schedule of re-
arrangement announced this week
from Washington, though just how
soon or to what extent the change
will go into effect here is not haz-
arded at army headquarters. - 4
The department now has one bri-
gade of infantry and one separate
regiment Of infantry. Under the new
organization a brigade consists of two
infantry regiments. thus providing for
two brigades here instead of one. A
machine gun battalion of three COM
panies also goes with each brigade,
making six such companies If two
brigades were formed. r. =
An artillery brigade is to consist of
three regiments of artillery and a bat.
terry of trench mortars. At present
there are but two regiments Of field
artillery here, and it is hardly pos
sfble that this number will be In
creased before the close Of the war.
It is understood that a supply OF
trench mortars has already been re-
ceived here. The new schedule Dor
yides for a battery of such guns with
each artillery brigade.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-08-18

"
Where the parents or other rel
atives of the wife or the husband
are able, ready and willing to provide
adequate support for her land chill
dren, II a1y), during the, absence Of
the husband.
"2-Where the wife owns land
which has produced income by the
husbands labor but which could,
with reasonable certainty, be rented
during his absence, to other persons
50 as to produce an adequate support.
"3-Where there exist some ar
rangements by. which the salary or
wage Of the husband is continued, In
whole or in part, by third persons,
being employers or insurers or others.
and such portion Of the salary or
wage, either alone or with an allot-
ment Of his soldiers pay viii furnish
a reasonably adequate support.
Bother dependents:
{ "1-Where In one Of the foregoing
ways reasonably adequate support
Is provided for widowed mother. In
firm parents or orphan child under
is years Of son, brother or father
called into service.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-08-18
Married Men, By New Ruling,
Not Exempt Where Relatives
win Support Families

WASHINGTON, D. c., Aug. 10
More than 10000 men Of the selective
draft forces win be called to the col
ors on September 1, to 60 Immediately
to their divisional training canton
ments. This viii bring the strength
Of the United States Army on thar
date up to practically 1000, 900 men.
Brig. Gen. Crowder, provost mar
shalgeneraI, dispatched the following
telegram to the governors OF the
states today cautioning them to make
certain that the first one-third Of their
quota of the first increment Of reg
istered men viii be ready In time:
New regulations governing mobili-
zation and the certification of men
from district boards to adjutants-gen-
eraI will be mailed to you. In the
meantime. local boards should certify
to district boards daily those who
have been called and who have not
been exempted or discharged, either
because they failed to file any claim
or because their claim has been de-
cided adversely.
Strict compliance with this rule
is necessary since on September the
war department will call for not to
exceed one-third of the quota from
each state, to be entrained for mo-
Utilization camps between September
1 and September 5. Unless We wish
to be put In position Of not furnish
ing men as fast as the war depart
ment is ready to receive them, each
state should have accumulated by
September 1 q minimum Of one-third
Of its quota, not exempted or dis
charged. This can only be attained
If local boards certify these lists up
with great expedition"
The messages were followed by q
new ruling regarding exemptions be.
cause Of dependents, which is ex.
pected to decrease considerably the
loss Of men from the military service
for this reason. Boards are author
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-08-18
MAI. COCHRAN TO
SAIL next week

Maj. w. B. Cochran, End Infantry,
who was Thursday informed that he
has been made q colonel In the army,
viii leave on the .Matsonia next week
for the mainland.
A total of nine officers received
word Thursday of their promotions to
rank Of colonel These are:
: Lieut.. Col. H, B. Nelson, 18th Infan-
try; Lieut.-CoL Guy G. Palmer, End
Infantry; Maj. s. p. Lyon, 32nd Infan-
try; Maj. H. s. Hawkins Cavalry,
inspectorgeneral, headquarters; Maj.
H. H. Hyer, 4th Cavalry.
The remaining three officers are
from the artillery and viii command
regiments Of field artillery in the ma.
tional army. They are Lieut.. Col, A.
Mcintyre. LIST Field Artillery flfght) !;
Lieut-CoI. r. G. Toy. 1st Field Artil,
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-08-18
under presidential regulations PR

Under presidential regulations prc-
viding that any certificate or dis
charge may be withdrawn. modified.
or renewed by the local board the
board Il authorized to reopen any
claim of exemption already passed MP
on and still awaiting disposition on
appeal to the district board, for the
purpose Of receiving any affidavits or
making other inquiries relative to de.
tendency as defined I'm the present
rulings; and the local board shall
transmit TO the district board such af.
fidavits and its own minutes thereon
for consideration on, appeal
The foregoing rulings are caIcu-
lated to carry out the spirit and terms
Of the act, and to enable patriotic
men to remain in the military service
OF their country wherever the burden
OF support hitherto carried BY them
selves IL in position to be distri-
buted for e time among others who
are periodically ready to make n this
manner their contribution to military
service by setting other men free to
enter the army"
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-08-18
]. S. SAILORS IN
EUROPE Go in
FOR ATHLETICS
rsy Asscc,.s.d prs..1

BASE AMERICAN FLOTILLAS IN
BRITISH WATERS, July 2S.-Au-
thofization to spend al the money
necessary properly to equip their new
club house with athletic apparatus and
musical instruments has just been re-
eeiyed by the American sailors from
the navy department In Washington.
The news was, received with the great
est enthusiasm by the men. II gives
them what amounts to carte blanche
In the matter Of providing for their
shore amusements over here.
The first step upon receipt OF the
welcome news was to despatch an or
der to the United States for $1,000
worth Of musical instruments to aug.
ment the string orchestra which en-.
tertains the men every Saturday night
In their club house. Their order also
calls for plentiful supply Of the
latest ragtime and .othe- typical Amer
lean music which has made q big hit
with the native population.
The next order will be for athletic
apparatus to equip the gymnasium
feature Of the club now nearing com.
pletion. This equipment will include
wrestling mats. punching bags, boxing
gloves, weight machines, horses. row.
ing machines and other fixtures es-
sential to an up-to-date gymnasium
floor. The gymnasium viii be ready
about August /. Besides six shower.
baths there will be a tea room and
q place where The men can purchase
tobaccos and light refreshments at
pre-war prices.
The concert hall feature of the clnh
has been playing moving pictures and
concerts to crowded houses for 4
month II is generally patronized not
only by the men but their officers.
The British commodore OF the port.
was the honored guest at show the
other night, the feature Of which was
q lecture on flying at the western bat.
tlefront delivered by a Canadian ma.
ior In the royal flying corps from Tor.
onto. The major cut short his lecture
tour In a nearby city to come over
TO entertain the American toy., lI;s
pictures took the bIuejackets mn and
down the British and Trench lines in
France. IS 4
The majors active service of the
front was cut short last year by
drop from 1880 feet. He was able
TO regain control of his machine when
near the ground and escaped with a
severe shaking up. He is now lectur.
Ing Tor recruits to the flying corps and
expects to shortly visit the United
States to instruct young ayiators,
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-08-18
ONT. THIRD Of DRAFTED ARMY
TOBECALLED SEPTEMBER |

ized hereafter to deny exemptions to
married men whose wives are solely
dependent on them, but where the
parents or other relatives OF either
wife or husband are willing to assume
the burden Of her support during his
absence. The same course Is to be
followed where any drafted mans en-
ployers agree to continue his salary
as patriotic duty. :~..s. =. ~
A. third supplemented ruling pro-
vides that where . man has supported
his dependents by his own labor on
land which he owns and the boards
find that the land could be rented to
advantage so as to continue the sup
port for the wife derived from tbs
rental, exemption for the man may &c
denied. @
The Telegram follows:
Under presidential regulations the
term dependent for support has CIV
en- rise to several further questions
of principle affecting large numbers
Of persons.
"The general basis for ruling upon
such questions should be the spirit
and purpose ef the act in providing
for such discharge. wherever the
terms of the act and Of the regula-
tons are not In themselves conciu-
sive. The act authorizes the presi-
dent to discharge wherever the parties
drafted are In status with respect
to persons dependent upon them for
support which renders their exclusion
or discharge advisable SEES -.z.- :
Such dependency ordinarily rem
ders discharge advisable because,
since the drafted person loses his
civil income and thus loses his means
of support, the wife is left without
support, and this lack Of support il
the effect which the act aims to
avoid. But wherever such effect does
not in fact follow, and the wife is not
left without reasonably adequate sup
port, but viii receive such support
from other sources, there is no real
dependency rendering discharge adj
Fisable. $50
The following classes Of cases are
within this ruling: -
aA-Wife and children: