davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1917-12-09
Air Chivalry
Includes His Friends

Air chivalry, too, provides Tor the
carving of information as to man 5
fate to his friends. When a German
comes down behind our lines We gather
such news about him as we can. If
he is dead we learn his name, If pos
sible. and note the location Of his
grave; if wounded, we find how seri-
ously and TO what hospital nc has
been sent. All this is written down
and the note slipped into niue
weighted leather bag. A pilot takes
this across the lines and drops 1t over
a German airdrome, with strcamers at.
tachod so that it will be seen and
pickcd up. The Germans reclprocate
this little touch of humanness, ana
messages drop on our sirdromes from
the clouds, telling who Of our missing
comrades is dead VINO a prisoner ana
who wounded. ..
The air service differs from al
others in another Way-cvory pilot is
q volunteer. No man has ever been
conscripted into an avi0n, and none
will be. The spirit Of the man must
be right. and that spirit cannot be
trusted unless it has first shown itself
i'm an effort to enter the service. IN
'be air. survival is TO the fttest undcr
the most rigid Of tests, and htneSs lot
the air is a thing peculiar and not yet
fully understood. 49,.
Bravery is essential, daring IS taken
for granted. Yet this is not enough
Men whose bravery and devotion have
been proven again and again IN other
branches of the service have failed II
the air a..
This is because Of what we call the
areapx"--thc power 20 act instantly
and correctly i'm the face of appalling
danger. but without second 1oI
Thought. 70 is a faculty that does not
Increase with age-rather dlminlsnes
Older men learn to weigh things, they
;nstinctjvely wait for second thought
In The air there can be no second
tbought. no considering Of pros ana
ccns1only action. So a boy OF nine
Teen makes a better pilot than man
,,f twenty-two, and he better than one
Of twenty-five.
Delicate boys, even those whose ap-
rearance is unrelated in the mind with
lie endowment OF ordinary .physlcal
courage. have become the best OF
niIots. Guynemer, il will be remem,,
bcred. had been rejected again ana
AGAIN by the army. Among. To-Day
sfsrs arc men whom the war found al
most without individuality, ana that
bordering on effeminacy. And many
evch have paid the last price OF de-
votiOn.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-09
Boche Sometimes
Breaks Our Sleep

The one real danger TO life IN the
cautouments comes at night from
Boche aeroplanes. They are often most
annoving, with their careless dropping
of bombs around us. This always starts
the anti-aircraft guns going, ana theh
for an hour or 50 our steep VIII pe
broken. The Boehe has learned, TOO.
that he has a much better chance OF
doing damage If he uses gas oomos'
which spread danger over wlde area
than il he sticks TO explosives, SO we
have 20 sleep with masks at our pill
lows and hustle into them at the nrst
alarm.
have mentioned that the German
does not follow all the rules of fairness
in the air game. His chief offence has
been in his Disgusting OF his machines.
The air service has always held TO the
naval law-to use disguises II desir-
able when cruising around. but never
10 20 into action under false colors.
The pxche breaks this rule constantly
At first he used to paint the Allled
red. white and blue bulPs-eye on his
'planes. 10 deceive the Allied gunners
on the ground, but for long time he
would put a little Boche cross In the
buil's-eye. so that the disguise was not
quite complete. Now, however, he has
left even this mark of and tries 20 ap-
rear as a friend up to the time when
he opens with his machine gun.
All in all. the air service is the one
which should appeal most strongly TO
the American boys and one In which
they should shine. Our experience
in athletics and sportsmanship our
trained ability 20 act instantly IN all
the emergencies Of the games which we
rlay here, our optimism and daring
should make our boys, with LITTLE
practice, the peers of any airmen alive.
The records Of the few Americans who
have so far flown all point that way.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-09

avion. She responds to the most deli
cate touch. The Allied fighting planes
to-day are all controlled by the "Stick'
method; a single handle. like the gear
lever of the ball shift type on an au-
tomobile, which stands between the
pilots knees, controls everything. A
slight backward or forward movement
clevates or depresses the machine, a
sidewise motion controls the aerllons
governing the banking. The American
machines and the Allies bombing
planes have the "Depp" control, p
Wheel like the steering wheel Of an
auto. which gives elevation control by
being pulled or pushed TO or from the
pilot and banks when twisted. But
they are alike in this-an inch Of move
ment is more than enough, and 1t must
be made slowly and gently.
Il is the spirit Of adventure, the lire
Of danger and the love Of excitement
New-York tribune., 1917-12-09

less ceremony than for one Of our own
men. but far more than in the case OF
q member of any other service. lie IS
given a Christian burial and a monu-
ment. This monument is always made
from the propeller of his machine, the
blades being fastened to form cross.
on which are inscribed his name, II
known. and the date of his death.
Courtesy does not permit the inscrib-
ing of the manner of his death, except
that he fell in combat.
The same thing is done for an Al
bed pilot who falls behind the Ger
man lines and most of our men fai!
there. as the lighting has been carried
always into German territory. When
the great German retreat was made
last spring the advancing Allied troops
found many such graves which had
been accorded the honors due them.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-09
Suddenly British
Sailed Away

Side by side with the deportation Of
the Armenians as nation came great
persecution against them as Christians.
In many places the government issued
proclamations Offering the people lib
crty if they would renounce their faith
and become Moslems. but it is to the
credit of the Armenian nation that as
a whole they stood firm and preferred
a martyrs death to a life under the
degraded system Of polygamy and
cruelty to which they were invited.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-09
Avion Resents
Rudeness Like a Woman

Strength is not needed BY she
aviator. nor quickness Of hand. mere
is no brusque. nor brutal actoa III
handling q chasse hghung nla''iin.. I1,.
IN must be controlled genuy VIZ
ss,rmc;;ors telling me: "You must handle
o,, aeroplane as you do "A woman, very
emily CO. She resents being hurried a
slow and slight movement Of the wrlst
l. ali that you need TO swefVe your
New-York tribune., 1917-12-09
We Enjoy Movies
Behind the Lines

The aviators have their full share OF
all the amusements which go on benlnd
the front, and, since they are back OF
tho lines every night, they get more Of
these than do the "mud-sloggers." In
a village a mile from our last air
IRENE a detachment of the British
Lrmy Service Corps had established a
movie theatre, putting it in an old barn
right next TO a gun emplacemenI inc
nrogramme was changed twice "A week,
and tit was especially pleasing to me,
as most " the films were American
ones. II was always all-comedy, the
lieutenant in charge explaining that
his men must be cheered, and we were
fed with no problem plays or tragedies
which might add even for moment 10
our own mental burdens. We watched
Charlie Chaplin and laughed whlle
shells fell about us and the big gun
next door was booming away ike CLOCK
work. .u.,
The audience was an Allied one
British, Belgian, French and American
officers and privates could al uhueI-
stand Charlie Chaplin's language easllS
enough. A charge of cents Tor prl-
Yates and 20 cents for officers y MADE
and the surplus, after operating eN-
nrnses are deducted, is used to pur-
chase more machines and hlihs lor
other sections of the front.
on rainy days, or during snoWs6or.ms
in winter, when there can De no nyihg
we spend our time writing letters play,
ing cards, overhauling our KITS ana
,rsmning. There is always a little IN
terest in the efforts OF the Boone long
r,noc guns to lana shell among US.
nftsn We ramblc up to the front line
trenches for a bit Of excitement and
70 see how the war is going on. From
onr great height in the air we know
almost nothing Of what is doing in the
trenches. and we are almost as inter
ested as a civilian would be in getting
a chance TO go along the hrlng hheS
and talk with the infantrymen.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-09

TIME writer Of the above was well
acquainted with conditions IN
the Near East. His philosophy
was the result Of personal observa-
tom II would appear that oppression
injustice and probably massacre we're
matters OF his personal experience, ard
from that day TO .his there has been
an almost unendine succession Of the
same conditions in the regions com
prised within the Ottoman Empire.
Since going to Asia Minor in 1904,
in addition to the constant load Of suf-
fering and misery which the medical
missionary in Asia constantly encoun-
ters, have been witness to the revo-
luton of 1908, the counter revolution
of 1909, followed by the Adana mas
sacres, in which about fifty thousand
Christians perished, then the Italian
war of 1911, followed by tho terrible
Balkan war Of 1912, with its after
math Of deportation, famine and suf-
fering Of the Moslem population which
had been driven out from the Euro
pean provinces of Turkey and found
iefuge-if refuge it may be called-in
Asia Minor.
But all of the above pales by COM
parison with what the American work
or has witnessed during the present
war
/ was in America when the war broke
out, but returned to Turkey in the
fall of 1914.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-09
Daring Is Taken
For Granted Here


The class of men IN the French avia-
tion service, to look beyond our own
boys, is the very highest. In my own
escadrille there was James de Roth
schild, son Of the multi-millionaire
fnancier Of Europe. There was the
Vscount de Procontal, son of the mar
quis whose family is of the oldest
French nobility. dating back to before
9G0 A. d. There were men celebrated
in other ways-Dupre, the creator Of
the game "Diabolo." who gave exhibi-
tions to the late King Edward VII, and
used 20 amuse US IN our off hours at
the hangers, chasing and catching the
elusive spool. There was an artist
whose paintings had been hung in the
salon Of the Grande Palais, and 50 on.
OF course, there were famous fiers-
Batchler, an ancient pilot, who flew
with Garros in Egypt in the infancy Of
the art. and Rene Simons, who aston
ished America i'm 1911 by his wild
stunts in a Bltriot monoplane. They
were hardly the A b of what he does
to-day.
! remarked that daring is taken for
granted in pilot. But it must be
more than that. The pilot must act as
if everything were all right, even when
he KNOWS It is not. He must learn to
disregard the hazards Of his work and
to act-always, always-as If they did
not exist. lie must not only iight as
If he expected 70 win every battle-he
must actually believe that he is safe
and that Fate has delivered his adver-
sary over 20 him. Confidence, com
plete, colossal that is the keynote OF
success in fighting pilots.
With this confidence goes something
akin to superstition, which is a real
strength 10 many. 1t would be dam
gerors 70 deny that it has even con-
tributed - more than few miraculous
escapes or victories. Avlators are
superstitious Many have pictures,
charms, religious medals fixed on the
dash of their machines as a protection
against evil. And nearly every aviator
in France wears. chained to his wrist
with welded chains, little holy medals
given by his mother, wife or sweet
heart. without which he would not dare
fly. These give him confidence and
New-York tribune., 1917-12-09
The Chioalry Of the Air
By Lieut. Bennett AN otrF F.AF
Life, Though Danger
Gus, Has Few Of the
Hardships Of tn e
Trench es licked
Men Only in Corps

Legion. There arc many OF these, boys
who have been case hardened by their
experience in the terrible attacks made
by this world famed force. The Legion
Etranger is the great attacking regl-
ment Of France. It's regimental colors
carry more citations and decorations
than those of any other body of SOL
diers, and the men who have been gad-
uated from it are men.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-09

"Then 7 returned and saw all the oppi'''
siors that were done under the sun ana ~
hold the tears Of such as were oppressed. ahu
they had no comforter: and on the SIDE Of
their opprsssors there was power; but they
had no comforter. Whsrsior ] praised inc
dead that have been long dead more than the
living that are yet alive; yea. better thAh
them both did esteem him that hath not ye'
been, who hath not seen the evil work that Is
done under the sur. "-Eeclesiastes, ~. Id
New-York tribune., 1917-12-09
: Courtesy and Romance
Ike That of Knightly
novs Still Liv e
Among the Aerial |
Warriors

yo1r0W square Of men, bare
te,8ed and motionless, in hori-
y ,cn blue, stand around an open
,hovo two avions wheel and
F',' P...ss the now turned earth lies
-, wooden box, at its head a
.y.S azure in uniform speaking slow
n's s.o,emnly. No hostile plane comes
" a. one sails into the gray vault
'''. 60 j. passes respectfully by.
nc speaker ceases a half dozen
= 80, from the square and the long
,.,i. - terdcr,y lowered. With the first
= -, Iorc-drawn moan, rising to
rns ssret. supersedos the dull
"-3lir. Of .ac avions' motors Both
.rosdlcar toward the grave shrek
~ ~.i.s.r. symbolizng and almost
-. tt, Grief Of the group on the
mi Waca bat a few yards above
!. rrsve tho wailing ceases, the
- suddenly sweep almost straight
-.r,r5. as Il TO 60 up with the soul
~. frs. steps Of its long journey.
T.y bank and wheel away the group
=. be ground disperscs. the crave is
.r.5 in. And now, Il a Boche plane
.,,,srs. +. is to make trouble.
Tbys French cscadrille has paid
=. last honors TO a fallen comrade.
u ;s only in The air service, even in
rance. that such a spectacle is pos
,s, The symbolism Of the wai!ing
,,l,ses and OF the escort Of the soul
n he warrior may be foreign to the
-.,, Dice. mind Of either Briton or
c.,nar. But 70 the French it is al
,,vs citing TO dramatic such honor
nd 50 the aviation service can still
al. q funeral an individual thing,
II a rsrrrCuy.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-09
They Live Alone With
Spectacular Death

Tho WIGHT 90 remain AN lhulNluudl,
,s,tber i1 Ir, or in death, is the one
--,st distinction chat is given TO the
-,r f. the most dangerous Of the mill
..rv services. Iufantryman, artillery
nan engineer. all are swallowed up in
\. mass while living, and when the
,s5 comes it is a death by mass, too,
,s5 their very graves-if they have
hem-are shared with strangers. Even
ro,orev-lc corps and submarine raid
,H are teamed. and no one man stands
Or falls by himself. Aviation is the
a,'g service left where individual ef-
f,.t is a. -s great a premium as ever
and where success and failure both
5cpsa6 OIL the man himself. In the air.
in spite Of every sort Of squadron fly
ing and teamwork, each man fights
and wins or dies-alone.
It is this distinction, probably, that
Ia, broucft into the air fighting much
sfths spirit Of the knights Of old. In
many ways the aghting aviators arc
living much the lives of the heroes Of
,hiyalry. Their warfare is that OF man
10 man. as much as was ever that OF
the armor-clad horsemen IN the lists;
they live with spectacular death, and
they cmboty beyond all others the
Split Of daily. hourly adventure.
uis natural taa. the chiyslric spirit
should De strong. Even the Boche,
treschcrous and brutal in all other
aghtirg has felt its influence and bat
Ties n the air with spOrtsmanship and
iairress Nc does not quite MAINTAIN
,he standards of the Allied pilots OF
hat more iator-but he shows unmis-
ukahly that be is doing the best thaL
bis Eu'tur viii permit.
Thus. cir fighting retains whatever IS
possible boo life where the one object
IS % hUI of consideration for the
enemy and of courtesy and kindness.
There s mutual respect and exchange
Of civilities much as there was between
opposing knicht-. This is most ire
Quert.y shown in the honor accorded 10
ne dead as in the fact that no German
pilot would disturb the funeral OF a
French aviator. A remarkable instance
came after thc burial OF Captain
Boelke
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-11-13
U. S. TO GIVE FITTING
HONOR TO LILIU0KALANI
CONTINUED from page u

(C0nUnQ6Q from page
of the visitors were permitted to ap-
proach the bier, the watch was
changed, the black robed watchers
still waving kahilis, drawing back to
be replaced by ten other watchers, in
white holokus, with yellow feather leis
around their dark heads. Before these
watchers took their place around the
bier they sang, with great feeling and
infinite sweetness, the queens own
Aloha De-" bringing tears to the eyes
of every one in the church, haole and
Hawaiian alike. The captain Of this
watch is Mrs. Edward K. Kea.
Mrs. Walter Macfarlane will be cap.
tain again this afternoon from 2 to
o'clock, when the order of her sister,
the Princess Kawananakoa, takes the
watch, the princess with her children
being absent. The kahili bearers for
this watch will wear black holokus,
with yellow leis around their necks,
Mrs. Macfarlane alone wearing the
short cape of the warrior. The ladies
of this watch, besides Mrs. Macfarlane
are Mrs. John P. Padaken, who will
ISdu ING NudulIuS, ME. MARY y. DECK
ley, Mrs. Frances Kunewa, Mrs. James
Aea, Mrs. Sam kamaiopili, Mrs. Lily
Aud, Mrs. Charles Clark. Mrs. J.
Mano, Mrs. Jennie Miles and Miss Ida
Norton.
Noted among the Hawaiian ladies
who were seated in church this morn.
ing before the guards began to admit
the public were Mrs. Lahilahi Webb,
the queens faithful attendant for the
long, wearing months that preceded
final dissolution, Miss Helen Maau
Allen, Miss Hattie Dwight, and many
others
Nothing could be more beautiful
than the effective arrangement of the
so kahilis used in the decorations
The upper portion of the church looks
like q waving forest of plumes and
palms. led up to by a green avenue of
Mains and kahilis. Inside this forest
rests the body of the queen, sur
rounded by the watchers and the ever
uaping emblems Of royalty
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-11-13
viii Executed in 1909 to Be
Filed for Probate; Alleged
j.. New Will a Factor

Litigation over the estate of the
late Queen Liliuokalani now appears
to be unavoidable. Although confer
ences between counsel on both sides
have thus far been harmonious, It was
announced today that the will of the
late queen, executed in 1909. will be
filed for probate This document, pit
ted against hitherto-unknown will
said to have been executed by the
queen on August %, this year, viii
tend to throw the estate into Legal
tangle which may be months in settle
ment. -=.-4.
There were practically no new de
velopments today in the pending liti
cation. At a conference of attorneys
held late yesterday afternoon, it was
unanimously agreed that no docu
ments bearing on the estate should
be filed in circuit court until next
week: that is, unless such action can.
not be avoided. it being the apparent
desire of all counsel concerned to post.
pone proceedings until the funeral
services are over.
Attorneys for the trustees of the
Liliuokalani estate announced today
that the will of 1909 will be filed for
probate. On the other hand, the at.
torneys for John F. Colburn, said to
have been named by the queen as
executor, announce that the purported
will of August 20, this year, will also
be filed for probate. As regards court
action, it will mean the admittanee of
one of the two wills to probate. or the
refusal to admit neither. That Dele
gate Kuhio, who claims to be the heir
at law of the queen, will contest the
1917 will, remains undisputed. His
attorneys declare that this purported
document is mo good" in other
words, that it is not valid will.
This same claim is made by the at
torneys for the Liliuokalani trust,
which Kuhio sought to dissolve when
he brought action against the queen
in circuit court.
81 cannot conceive how valid will
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-11-13

The couch on which the queen
rests so peacefully at last is long
koa table, over which has been draped
a pail of rich yellow plush, at each
end and on the two sides of which
have been fastened a huge white
shield of velvet. embroidered with the
queens name, Lilfu. This monogram
is set inside a circle of lavender, pick
ed out with yellow silk knots. The
colors used for the name are two
shades of green, the "U," through
which the other letters are intertwin-
ed, and which occupies the center Of
the monogram. being a very dark
green A crown of gold. over which
appears the queens motto. "Onipaa"
(Be Steadfast). surmounts the mono.
gram. The pail is Is feet square,
with central piece of white silk
plush on which the body rests.
Except for the shield and mono.
gram, the exquisite work of an arts
and crafts shop on Fort street, the
yellow pail, like the white shroud,
was selected and made by Harry F.
Davidsca, who was an intimate friend
of the queen before her health be.
came so broken. Mr.. Davidson,
through his mother. Mrs. Montana,
has the blood of high chiefs in his
veins
Il selected yellow for the pail, said
Mr.. Davidson, because yellow was
the queens favorite color. She ex.
pressed her preference for yellow al.
most fho 10 eff time cha oyer talked RI
me- This yellow is almost the exact
color of the e-e, the yellow feathers
of the royal bird 90.
If it could have been had, the vel
low feather mantle or skirt of royal
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-11-13
LITIGATION OVER ESTATE OF THE
OUEENNOV APPEARS UNAVOIDABLE

could have been executed at the time
it was" said one of the attorneys to-
day.
In the pending litigation Delegate
Kuhio is represented by Attorneys D.
L. Wilmington, John w. Cathcart and
Joseph Lightfoot.
Another point which has been made
by counsel is that the queen, By a
will, cannot revoke the trust created
in 1909. This, it is declared. can only
be done by mutual agreement between
the queen and the trustees Of the
estate. This point was gene into very
thoroughly during the hearings which
followed Kuhio's suit to break the
trust deed. 1t was learned today that
the queen, only short time before
her death. expressed herself as hay-
ing the most faith in the trust and In
the trustees.
"If the queen was competent to
Ilake the trust deed of 1909, then she
was competent to make the will, which
was executed shortly after" said an
attorney for the trustees today. Had.
she desired to make new will, she
certainly would have informed the
trustees of her intention"
AS a result of the conference yes
terday afternoon, Trustee W. O. Smith
and Col. Curtis P. Iaukea are to IN
form the attorneys for Colburn where
all of the personal property Of the
queen is situated, and to take the res
possibility for its protection pending
the oynocfad Ittipation
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-11-13
TAXEXEMPTION
NOT FOR DEALER

Contrary to private instructions
that had been received here regard
ing the federal war revenue law, a
ruling received today by Acting Col
lector of Internal Revenue Ralph S
tombstone states that dealers are not
exempt from freight taxes because
they may he handling certain materi-
al for the government. The ruling is
regarded as highly important for Ha-
waii owing to the large amount OF
government work done here =
Some contention had been made
here that a dealer who receives a
shipment of material to put into gov
eminent work would rot be required
to pay the special freight tax OF three
per cent, but today's ruling reVerses
this theory. Unless the fre1ght
charges are arranged to be paid by
the government under the contract
no exemption is allowed the dealer
The federal government. states, ter,
ritories and the district of Columbia
are allowed exemption from taxes on
freight, passengers and messages as
provided in Section 500 of the law.
The territory, for example, is not
liable for payment Of the tax on pas.
senger tickets for the national guard
troops now in camp. Private cltlzens
must pay a tax of s per cent on the
price of tickets.