davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The herald. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1905-1953, 1917-12-13
On Christmas Eve.

Oh. little babe, oh, gentle babe,
That In a manger lies,
A-listening to the choral sweet
Which floats a-down the skies,
We. through the year, who only hear
The worlds harsh laundering,
Listen that we, dear babe, with thee
May hear the angels sing.
Oh, little babe, oh, gentle babe,
Who lookest toward the star
And seest when they bear their gifts,
Those wise men from afar,
From wandering wide back to thy side,
Weary and worn, we flee;
But hearts that bleed and hands that need
Are all we have for thee.
Oh, little babe, oh, gentle babe,
Our hearts were hard and cold;
The star we loved, the star of fame,
The song the song Of gold.
At the hangers side this Christmas tide
We listen and we long
70 see that star shine from afar
And hear the angels Song.
Richard F. Souter.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18
ITALIAN NAVAL EXPLOIT ONE
Of MOST DARING Of THE WAR

WASHINGTON. Dec. 1.-Two italian
torprdo boats under Lirutcnant-Cnm-
mander R!zzn composed the force which
made the daring raid into the inner haT-
Dor at Trieste Sunday night. December
., torpedocd Two Austrian hattlesh'ps'
one Of which was Srcn to sink. Further
details Of the exploit were given in dis
patches received today by ihc Italian
embassy.
The raid was planned when It was
learned that the Austrians were prcpdr-
inE 10 send from Trieste two ships or
the Mnnach type. with their ?40 mIiihH-
Ter guns, to lombard the Italian coastal
positions.
A division Of torpedo hnnts under CAP
taIu Pignatti was assigned to the task.
and the captain selected Lieutenant
Commander Rizzn with two boats TO
mako the dash Into tho harhOr. while
tho rcmair.dcr' Of the division kept out
side in support
nv slow and silent movement through
n heavy fog. the little craft reached the
extremity Of the Muggia pier. where the
officers examined the disposition Of the
numerous obstrurtions which barred tho
nassaEe, Mine fields and other obstruc-
lions were located. and two hours wers
spent cutting eight large wire cables
stretched across the passage. Other OBJ
structions were weighted and sunk SUI
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18

ficicntIy to permit ths boats to Dass
over them.
During all this time, Austrian out
posts wcro very near and searchllGhts
were being placed on the water. but IN
spite Of this the torpedo boats succeed
cd In entering the inner port without be-
Ing sighted ....
Two Austrian battleships were dis
covered at anchor at the further END OF
the harbor near Point Saba Proceed
ing cautiously. the Italian vessels Ap-
preached to ascertain whether hefe
were any protecting nets or other OBJ
structious. then took up positions Tor
the attack. ):
Finally at ESQ A. M. Monday. the two
torpedo boats simultaneously launched
four torpcdoes aimed at the battleshipa-
All four tnrpedoes exploded. Rtzzo TO
ported that the hattlcship Wien. near.
est the attacking vessels Was observed
ito sink In fve minutes, while tho other
battlcshlp certainly was struck. though
owing To the great distance it was i'm.
possible to discover the damage done
At the sound OF the explosions Aus.
trian batteries opened fire and search
lights swept over The waters. The nghta.
located the attacking vessels and th"'
Austrian guns were brought to bear On
them and torpcdoes fired but the 1ta.-
fans escaped and returned safely totooo
with tho supporting squadrca
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18
ME- EX|CANS FIRE
On j. 6. TROOPS
Americans Return Volley for
Volley, and One Mex
lean Falls.

Ell PASO, Texas. Dec. IL
Mexican federal soldiers fired on
an American cavalry patrol which
accidentally crossed the border on
the island" near Fabens, Texas,
late yesterday, killing one cavalry
horse and wounding another. The
American soldiers returned the
fire and one Mexican soldier was
seen to fall from his horse. No
Americans were hit.
The firing was reported to di-
vision headquarters here today
and an investigation ordered. Fa-
bcnS is thirty-two miles southeast
If FL Paso and the "island" is a
large tract Of land formed by a
bend in the river on which the
boundary line is not clearly de-
fined.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18
GARFIELD ASKS THE MINERS
To TAKE JUST ONE DAY OFF
President to Go Before
Congress With Railroad
Remedy After Xmas

WASIIINETON. Dec. l7.--rrcsidnnt
Wilson will not act on the railroad
problem before the Christmas recess OF
,"nrrcSS. II vas aulhoritativcly stated
today that liz probably Will take his
flan for tn" solution ln congress- imme-
diat"ly after thc holidays.
In spite nf persistent reports that
"n" plan pr another has brcn decided
upon. lhcr" apparently is nothing To in
dir3Li" that lii" president has cnniidrd
his decision /" RnyOnr If he has deter
mined upon 4 solution Most of his
advisers bclicrr that II" will adopt
some measure "f government control uf7
railroads greater than now exercised,
and that federal administrator or d.
rector will b. named.
Put T. Up 10 Borah.
In the Srnalr today senator Rorah
protested strongly against the proposed
irrr$S tomorrow over tn" Christ ina 4
holidays. insisting that congress should
stay in Washington AMI act upon the
railroad situation.
We hear IT deaths from suffering.
AMI this 1T lhr beginning nf winter" he
said. Cod only knows what ii Will b.
10y In" time the spring comes. Also
jusi beginning to r"i int" The war -
suffering from lack nf food and fuel,
neither OF which : scarce. You can't
successfully rr"S"Tut" the war with
discomfort and want al home"
Senator Smith al Arizona demanded
that Senator I;orah pruduc" Il hill rom
I'd ing ihc situation ii congress wlt to
rrnIHin in session. The Idaho senator
replied that H. waS not 4 railroad cx-
pert. but that il Il remedy comes il must
come through congress.
When Senator Smith suggested that
certain cn"illi"S OF tho. country were
largely responsible for the present iie
up of tho food and fuel supplies. Scna-
tor E0rah declared he did not agree with
it nj all, adding: There prqbab bly, are
m"n in this country who would like 10
do what IN" senator says they have
dunc hut they arr few. and mono of
them are in positions where they could
81 act.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18
Eleven Ships Sunk.

LONDON, Dec. l7.--.Onc british and
five neutral mcrrhantmcn. a I;rtttsh de-
Stroyrr and four mInr Swrrprrs have
been sunk in the North sen by German
naval forces.
Tho losses were the result Of an at
tack on Il convoy bnun1 frum Scotland
TO Norway. Sir Eric iicddcs. first lord
OF the admiralty, announced today. Tie
total tonnage Of the lost merchantmen
WAS S,0H0.
Eighty-cight Scandinavians. two of
whom arc women, and ten British were
rescued by four British destrhycrs de-
tnchcd frum q cruiser squadron which
was FASTENED 10 the scene. Other sur
vivnrs reached Norway in boats.
The merchant vessels We're being con-
vnycd by the hcs:roycrs Partridge and
Pclcw. The Partridge was sunk and
the rclew was damaged
Sir Eric said ~" circumstances Of the
attack. so far AZ available. were that
The Partridge sighted four "nrn!% de-
strnyers shortly before noon and. with
the Pelcw. engaged them. while the con-
vny scattered. The l'hrtridgr was MT
heavily. shortly aft.rwhrd an cSpif-
sion occurred aboard and sh" sank. The
Pclew was pierced NJ the water line and
hCf engines were nlSdHL'A. Dui
oil; she WAS brought safely 10 port
The enemy then attacked the convoy,
sinking the SIX mtrchantmcnt and four
armed trawers.
The entire crew Of the trawlcr Lord
Alyeston was saved IN one uf It's own
boats. -- The casualties on III" Pclrw
were one officer and thrr" men killed
and two wounded seriously. inf"rina-
tion regarding the crew nf tho Part
ridge. Sir Eric said, WIS incomplete, hut
Il report from kiel tnld Of the taking
,herc Of three officers and tw"nty-onc
men from the Partridge and of one Or
flccr and twenty-five men from the
trawlcrS.
The Partridgr and the Frl"w, together
with four irrncd trawl"rS. said Sir Eric.
comprised the aRtl-Subinurlne escort Of
The ronvnJ. For some reason rs YET
unexplained. hr added the fore" whici
was sen: for the purpose of protecting
tie convoy against surface attacks WAS
not IN The seen" in time 1" prevent the
destruction of the convoy. \ court ut
inquiry has been appointed Ia inrest'-
gate the circumstances, hc announced.
4 second convoy which ?ls" wax bcihG
covered WAS not attacked.
(Thr German r".l duplicates the suc-
fro.+IrrAd an Para F0nrteAn)
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18

SUNK IN RAIDS
BY THE ENEMY
BRITISH AND NEUTRAL
VESSELS TO BOTTOM
One British Destroyer Sunk
and Another Damaged
By the Germans.

German naval forces again have
made q foray into the North Sea nnd
surprised convoy Of merchant
ships, sinking one British and five
neutral vessels and four mine
swcepers.
OF two British destroyers escort
Ing .he vessels, one was sunk and
the other damaged. The German
forces, 30 far as Is known, consist
ed OF four destroyers. Whether any
Of their vessels were hit during the
fighting with the British destroy
crs has not been made known.
That the German war craft re-
Gently have been operating close to
tho English coast has beon made
known officially in the House Of
Commons bv the financial secretary
to tho admiralty, who announced
that on December IL two neutral
merchantmen and a trnvler were
sunk of tho mouth Of the Tyne
river.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18
WAR COUNCIL: !:
Vusa @@nlRU4RR
NOW IS FOR|NE!||!'
Will Deal With the Larger
Problems of u. S. War
Preparation.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 17.-In explana-,
ton Of the new war council he has ere.
ated, Secretary Baker said today II was
not in any way a result Of congressioH-:
al inquiry into operations Of the war;
department. nor was II related in anyi
way to the ipter-allcd war conference:
at Paris. !.
The secretary waS not inclined to dis.
cuss in detail the purpose Of the newt
council but said 1t was to deal With
larger problems facing the department.
in its war preparations, and did not
infringe on the functions Of the generals
staff. Questions Of supply and equip
ment rather than military operations
therefore. probably will be within the
Jurisdiction OF the new body.
1. Is planned that at lcnst ono member
Of the council shall be fresh from
France at all times in ordcr to Keep the
department. IN close touch with affairs
at the front. Mr.. Baker said he had no
present plans Of visiting General Per-,
shnG's force himself. but would not
bind himself not to make the trip. -.
The council Is composed Of the sAcTs-
tary the assistant secretary. the chief
OF staff. tho provost marshal general.
the quartermastcr general and the chiefs
OF artillery and ordnance. The three
latter will be relieved Of. their preRens
duties to devote their entire time to the
council.
Major General Gocthals. has been Of;
fcred the post OF quartermastcr general
20 succeed Major General Sharpe. and ir,
Is understood that Brigadier Gener1l!
John D. Barrett has been selected to
succeed Major General Weaver as chies
OF artillery. So far as is known no sue
ressor has been chosen for Major Gem.
rral Crozler. chief OF ordnance. who's
nomination for another term was scat
by President Wilson O few days q
while the general was under fire "a
witness before the senate committee
rcstigating army war preparations.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18

WASHINGTON. Dec. iI.--Provo:t
Marshal General Crowd"r today issued
TO governors new rules under which
men Of draft age may join tn" cnlor$ at
their own request. White men only will
b.; accepted and they may enlist only
in the infantry. signal corps. medical
CORDS and quartcrrnastsr'S Department.
Supply conditions are such. General
.t,rowdcr said that no men can be az
cepted in the coast artillery. field arttl-
lery, cavalry or engineers corps.
Volunteer enlistments In the regular
army by men Of draft AK: ended at noon
last Saturday and they may 6e inductcd
into service NOW "nly through their
local boards General CrowderS tele-
gram specified these camps To which
,nen accepted 10 tn" special services
open TO them may be sent:
Aviation section signal corps. 10
Kelley field San Antonio. Texas. Land
division. signal corps. Fort Leavans-
worth. Kansas.
Medical department TO medical otfi-
cers' training camp. Fort Riley. Kansas
~ local boards west OF the Mississippi
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18
At Last Something May Happen
JOHN D. RQCKEFELLER'S COUNTRY HOME NEAR
CLEVELAND IS BURNED BY |NCENDAR|Ea
Valuable Furnishings and
Paintings Destroyedin IN
Forest Hill Fire.

CLEVELAND, Dec. ~. - The
home Of John D. Rockefeller at
Forest Hills, East Cleveland, a
suburb of this city, took fire at
midnight. It is believed It will
be destroyed.
The fire spread with such great
rapidity through che four story
building that it is believed 10 have
been Of incendiary origin
It was impossible to save any OF
the furnishings Of the house and
many valuable paintings, bronzes
and tapestries were destroyed.
The home was exquisite'y fur
nished throughout it's as rooms.
The loss on the building alone
will be more than S5o,Gso.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18
CAMP Lee BOYS DISAPPOINTED OVER ORDER
TO DISCOURAGE GIVING XMAS FURLOUGHS

impaired that remain. the Officers here
have difficult task ahead OF thcn.
The division vii! hs"c 70 b.. rccI uitcd
up 10 tho miStmun war svcnEth with
1000 new men [" train and develop Ia
tn" high degree o. efficiency the older
men have attained who now have had
over three months training.
Th" order discnuragirg the Chris tmns
furinuehS which were promised the
men six weeks ago. has crushed the
morale OF the soldiers. The spirit which
dominated the men has almost vanish
I'd. The barracks. which were formerly
gay and liTely, and where the soldiers
would I've found singing md enjoying
themselves, have been transformed
Now there is gloom and detection.
The bcrakiuc up Of the ties OF com.
rndeship through the transfer OF 1909
soldiers has had its detrimental effect
upon The morale of the soldiers. II is
feared by The mon that they will never
be- given IN opportunity Of getting back
home before they arc sent overseas. The
CONTINUED on Page Fourteen)
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18

WASHINGTON, Dec. 17.-Cc mmand-
Ing officers at camps and contonnents
have been instructed to discourage fur
ioughs In large numbers for tho Christ
mas holidays.
Secretary Baker today denied that
Christmas furloughs had been Forbidden
entirely hy the war department. hut said
they were discouraged both On account
Of transportation conditions and because:
training might be seriously affected
II many men were absent
The people OF the nation will bear
this privation. know" said the secrc-
tary. lin the same fine spirit which has
characterized every previous response,
when it Is understood that the relieving
Of the railroads from this burden will
enable by so much to concentrate our
energies and capacities for the trans
portation of our resources 10 the sea-
board and TO the battle front in France.
CAMP LEE. Va. Dec. l7.--With the
ranks OF their commands thinned by
the wholesale transfers which haze been
made and the morale Of those soldiers
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18
FUEL FAMINE UNLESS
PRODUCTION SPEEDED
Single Day Of Idleness Cuts
Coal Production Two
Million Tons.

WASHINGTON. Dec. IT, Prospects
Of a widespread and serious coal famine
unless coal production is maintain""
drew from Fuel Administrator Garfield
today a request that operators and
miners take only Christmas day as Il
holiday this season instead of the sew
oral days usually observed. The custom
has been to stop work for At least three
days at both Christmas and New Years.
Every day tho rnuntryS mines ar.
idle cuts production nearly TWO million
tons. 4 prolonged holiday season. II
observed, fuel administration officials
said today. would cause serious distress
low.
Supply Householders.
HouseholdcrS throughout tho nation
will b. taken care "f first in fuel dis
tribution even ahead Of industries. III"
fuel administration announced tonight.
In line with this policy. Administering
Garfield today gave W. X. rrutldrn. fuel
administrator for Michigan, authority
to shut off supplies To industrial plants
or to any other uScrS II necessary |"
meet tho needs of domestic cpnSuIn"rS.
Mr.. Pruddcn has asked Ia close down on
non-essentiaI users during til" holidays.
DR.. Garfield replied:
You are hereby authorized /" MS"
your discretion. If you decide II n"c's-
sary in order to meet domestic r"nSnm-
crs' needs, Issue ur,'"rS closing S''i!Ir "T
all Industrial plants. theatres. halls and
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18
BLOCK Hoover = y
1H~~' ii
IN ATTEM|PT A1::. ].
RETURN At TACK
STATE DEPARTMENT e e,
HAS TAKEN A HAND
80
Refuses to Allow Food Ad
ministration to Give Facts s !
of Cuban Sugar Deal. z:s' .:,:,.

WASHINGTON. D. c.. Dec. ILL.,
forts of the food administration to bring
out before the Senate investigating com
mittee its side Of the story Of cuban1f4N
sugar contraEts were blocked to-day by
an announcement that the State Depaxt-
ment deemed IL inadvisable to discuss
further thn negotiations which resulted
in these contracts. .t.E.Ns,
This ruling Of the committee. Which
followed a conference with CounSelICSl
Polk. Of the State Department. virtually
ended An attempt by H.. Curtis Lndleyr
counsel for the food Administrations to
question. through members of the ctM-
mittee. Claus A. spreckels. who during
three days on the witness stand had vig.I
orously attacked the administration. :.
The committee. toward the end Of the
days session. had agreed to permit MI
Lindlcy to suggest questions. after ls1
norine earlier request by Food Admin
istratir Hoover that ne be given an OPP
portunity TO nuke n statement In reply
to Mr.. SpyccEels' attacks. When IhN
committee. after an hours executive!
session, during which he waited IN AMI
ante-rooln. recalled Speckels to the stand
without answering his request. HoovorI
,cft the building.
Tonight the food administration went!
to the White House and laid the BituA-
tion before the president. He would
not discuss the visit 49,
Mr.. Lindlcy insisted fhnt tho commit
tee allow him to try to controvert state-I
mcnta Of the witness. Finally hoy
ever. he sad:
IF we can not explain the contracts
ior the Cuban crop VIC are placed On ~
pilory while trying to solve very ;dttSI
ticult situa ton" ..r,...,
Mr.. Sprecucs. who Is president of the
Federal Sugar Refining company had
charged that the California-HaWattanI
Sugar Refining company. OF Mhiehl
George NJ. Rolph. director Of the 1000
Administrations sugar division. 10 pre4!-
dent. would gain $SO00.0o0 addip&eN
revenue this year indirectly through the
Continued on P1H0 Hou1tOOA1
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18
ITALIANS HOLD
TEUT0NS ON THE
SOUTHERN LINE

Til" period Of virtual inactivity con-
tinucs In France and Belgium except
fur reciprocal bombardmsnts on various
sectors and here and there small opera
tiurs by accommodating parties. only
on the northern italian front have there
bccn sanguinary encounters between the
opposing infantry. and in these Anstro-
German forces again have met with de-
feat in attempts In pirrc" the Italian
front and advance toward the venetian
pla ins.
+ Caprillc Hill. at the head Of the son
Lorenzo valley. where, last week, the
Italians were forced 10 ccde ground
again has been attacked hy the enemy
but the operation brought him nothing
hut heavy casualties. as he was driven
back to his former line.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18
CANADIANS IN
C0N5CR|P TON
ENDORSEMENT
Sir Robert Borden S Unior
Government Defeats Lau-
rler Supporters.

OTTAWA, Ont, Dec. 17.-The
union government has been re-
turned and conscription confirmed
by the Canadian domestic vote.
Returns indicate that the govern
ment Of Sir Robert Borden has
been elected to administer Cana
dian affairs for another five
years, and that Sir Wilfrid lau.
rer is as definitely defeated as in
the reciprocity. election Of 1911.
Official returns announced short.
Iy after midnight showed that with
is districts to be heard from the
Unionsts had won 1876 seats and
the Opposition 81, with four seats
deferred.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18
Cox Declines to Appear
Before Fuel PIobeTS

Speria! to Tho Intelligenccr
COLUMBUS. O.. Dec. 11.-GoTernor j.
NJ. Cox tonight sent letter to Sena-
tor Reed. chairman of the fuel and FOOD
investigating committee at washington
declining to appear AS witness before
tn. committee. after having prcNlousi!
decided u do 50. He said ne coHid H''
give the committee the sort OF lnlorHa.
tion il sought He said the state had
had trouble with DR.. Garfield. fuel ad-
ninistratnr. but that Garfield is merely
an appointed subject to the president s
orders. Cox said that when appeal
was made tn President Wilson in the r.
cont coal shortage. 4 measure OF re'iFt
MAS proVided.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18

WASHINGTON, Doc. 17.-NAaon-
wide prohibition won In ths aonss
today, and only tho aaJussnsns OF
slight difference in resolutions De-
tween the house aud senate now
stands In tho way Of submitting TO
state leEislatprGs an amendment TO
the federal constitution 1orhtddtn2
the .caaufacturo. sale or importation
Of Intoxicating liquors for bever-
age purposes in tim United States or
its territories.
Tee vote IL the hotufe, taken after
n day OF debate before crowded gal
lt-ies. Was 2,52 to l2a, with the pax
Hes dividing almost evenly. Tho
margin Cor prohibition Was Just
eight votes .at re thar the 7scessnIy
two-thtrtl5 OF .he membership OF tae
house relu.ret for adoption, ana 2e
more than two thirds OF those vot-
Ing.
Both vets and drys had been pro
dieting victory all day, and It was
not until the last few names had
oecn called that tho antt-proMbtt1on
forc-s conceded their defeat
When Speaker Clark announced
she -c-.lt the vtctors were Joined by
the galleries in such demonstra-
t.or as IS rarely permitted In the
housa. Former Secretary Bryan, an
interested spectator nssrly all day,
appeared on the floor and Joined In
receiving congratulations with
Representative Webb, of North Car
ol:ca, rho had led tho fight.
Tho resolution adopted. By the
house is identical with t1at passed
ty tho Senate last August, except
that It gives tho states seven years
instead IF six in which TO ratify tho
amendment. Senator Sheppard, au-
thor Of t'e resolution, predicted to-
night that tho 3cnate would acc opt
the amendment tomorrow. He said
he had assurances that tho seven
year period would be approved, and
that he did not believe roll-eau
necessary.
Tho presidents approval Is not re-
fHopt3rreS on Pare TOnrtAen0
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18
.
COL. HOUSE REPORTS
TO THE PRESIDENT

WASHINGTON. dee. l7.--Col"n'l T..
NJ. House. back from Eurnr".. wh"r' h."
attended the great iut"r-;tliird war r"u-
frrcnc. rs head al III" American mis-
sion. came IL Washington lat" today
and drnvr directly /" IN" Whit" iiou%:
~ In;I3ic Il personal r,i"rt IL lrcsidcn'
Wilson.
The Wheeling intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1903-1961, 1917-12-18
LEGISLATURES
To ACT WITHIN
SEVEN YEARS
Drys Predict Necessary Three,
fourths of States Will Con-
cur IN Three Years.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 17.-Rep-
seut2ttves woodward, Cooper,
Reed, Lttt1epaSe and Bowers vot-
ed In favor Of the amendment
making tho West Virginia delega-
tion solid In favor Of national
prohibition Representative Hes1y
Of West Virginia, with stephens
OF Nebraska, both for ths arnsnd-
rnent, and dAldcan, AAsssohu-
se+ts, against, were paired ~ As-
senteeA