The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-01-28
GASOLINE. Is CLASSIFIED
FOR USE IN THE. MOTORS

Ia aPco fieatlons prepared 10 guide
h Federal government III the pur-
chase of gasoline the Bureau Of Mines
! has made report Of interest Ia that
/ great body Of gasoline buyers. the mo-
4 sorists For motor use the bureau
classifies gasoline into three kinds,
high grade for aeropianes. middle
grade for automobiles two years ana
slider. and third grade for up-to- date
automobile engines. which nave a
greater efficiency in handling the
aeav.r oils
"ANthe present time" says the re-
port several grades OF gasoline are
sold. these generally being classified
/ according To their specific gravity.
/ hough the distinctive quality is that
I Of volatility The gasoline with low
! SPECIFIC gravity. and generally with
9~ boiling range. sells for the highest
price. Heavier grades are cheaper,
and if properly used they are capable
NJ developing more power per unit
! ban are the lighter gasolines.
THE Bureau OF Mines has consid-
ered it advisable TO divide gasoline
L pto three classes. The high grade
~ sDline is to he used for special pur-
p1sses, such as for aeroplanes ami so
{ IN. and should include products Of
4tae type now sold in the Eastern mar
I tSet as OF 10 degrees Baume or over
IHe HlUUie grace IL TO ne nEeG fOT
motor cars OF a design Of, say, two
wears ago. and is represented by the
! type of gasoline now sold in the East
srn market which ranges from VI TO
10 degrees Baume. The third grade
Represented by tho gasolines now ~oid
Y In the Eastern market as AROUND 90
per cent Baume gravity Is used salts
fAetortly in up-to-date motor car en-
Glnes 1t is realized that the motor
- ,xxf,, Hos Ma Sxn,.,
ii can Use a heavier grade Of fuel than
\ was possible a few years ago.
There are at present on the market
/ types of gasoiines produced by sevsral
general refining methods. These may
pt classified as follows
u. Straight refinery gasoline.
-. Blended casinghead gasoline.
% Cracked and blended gasoline
Straight refinery gasolines are
produced by methods which vary
somewhat in different parts OF the
country. but are in general similar
i Crude oil is distilled In A fire still and
cut made when the gravity OF the
product reaches some predetermined
mark. The socalled crude naphtha or
afenzine il acid refined ana then steam
distilled. In some cases several pro-
duets Of different ranges OF volatility
are produced; In others the steam dis
tiilation simply effects a separation
/ from less volatile bottoms which 60
into the burning Oh stock
Straight refinery eAs6lines are
Characterized by low content of nm
saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons
AMI by d distiilation range which ia
free from marked irregularities
~ 4CasinRhead gasoline is "a product
which has come on the market during
the lasr few years and is produced
from wet natural gas 10y pro-
cesses OF compression OF absorption
straight casinghead gasoline is too
volatile for general use and before be
ing put on the market Is blended with
SM sufficient proportion Of heavy naph-
tina 10 produce d mixture which il both
Shfe for use and moderately cheap-
blended casinghead gasoNnes are gen
$NTaliy characterized nv a volatility
range showing considerable per
AceHfages Of constituents boiling AT
S1a0th low and high temperature. but a
ssdehciency of intermediate products
m some cases. however. the blending
Ata done in such manner that is 1if-
struH TO detect the natural gas gaso-
lite. This is when II is used IN mode
St%seiy small proportion 10 tighten and
EfA make volatile gasoline which has a
9Nbi3iDg range approximately the same
that satisfactory for motor pur-
n1oA
x&SsA1 far as the chemical properties
concerned. casinghead gasoline
~ ~ idcniicai with the