davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1917-01-05
REMEDIES FOR CAR SHORTAGE

The serious shortage OF Ifelgnt cars
and consequent partial blockade ol
traffic is causing much concern to the
businessmen of this country, and ev-
en- has attracted the attention OF con-
gress. Various plans and suggestions
have been offered for relieving this
situation, and the railway companies
have been roundly criticised for al
lowing themselves to be caught in
such a corner. Yet the roads prob
ably are not so much to blame as
some believe. A vast volume OF traf-
fic and lack of ocean shipping facili-
ties appear to be the chief causes for
the car shortage, and although the
transportation companies may have
failed to increase their rolling stock
sufficiently, they have pretty good
excuse. Up to the present year they
were following policies of economy
and retrenchment, and prosperity
caught them before they were really
prepared. Naturally they want all
the business they can get, for it
means money to them, and even now
they are placing liberal orders for
new rolling stock, which they are
able to do on account of the profit
able business they have done during
the present year
But the roads also are finding var
ious ways to help relieve the car
shortage situation. without waiting
for the construction Of new cars. Con-
signees are being compelled to unload
ears with as little delay as possible,
and efforts are being made to rush
freight in transit. thus to make cars
more quickly available for fresh con-
signments. Also, some of the roads
are insisting on the heavier loading
of cars, thereby making each car per-
form a heavier service. The manage
ment of the Southern Pacific lines
estimates that company saved the use
of about 1000 cars during the month
Of October by adopting this plan-ir
other words that it would have re-
ouired 1000 additional cars to han
die that month IS traffic, had shippers
been allowed to follow the old prac'
tice of forwarding cars only partial
ly loaded.
1t would thus seem that the cal
shortage has furnished the rail com
panies with a valuable lesson in eff
fciency, which is one advantage gain
ed, even though the freight blockade
has seriously inconvenienced business
and the general public. 1t may be
taken for granted, moreover, that the
railroads will do everything possible
to remedy the freight congestion, ev-
en- without prodding by the public
or law makers. Transportation charg
es mean profits for the roads, and II
goes without saying that the comprn'
les want all the business they can get
The car shortage is annoying. OF
course, but remedies will be found
and the trouble solved.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1917-01-05
SOME THINGS
; + +++++44 4+ = 4 =
Lauds Third Oregon Infantry.


In a letter received Tuesday by
Governor Withycombe from Colonel
Clenard Mclaughlin, for three years
colonel of the Third Infantry, o. N
G., the organization and work of the
infantry is praised. Colonel Nc
Loughlin has been returned to his reg.
ular army command and is now with
the troops in Mexico. His letter says
"As l am about to leave Oregon !
wish to state to you my appreciation
for the support you gave the Third
Oregon Infantry during the period
that l was its colonel.
"The officers and men were always
glad to have you visit our camp and
the armory drills and we were all
very sorry that you were unable to
visit us in our camp at San Diego,
Cal.
"Should the country again need
tie services Of its national guard it
is my desire that I may have an OPP
portunity to command an organiza-
tion composed of men of the charac-
ter and physique of the men that
were in the Third Oregon infantry
during its recent service on the Mex
lean border.
fI have been on duty in Oregon
for three wears and | leave Oregon an
0erconjsn.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1917-01-05
OTHERS OPINIONS
How the National Government Helps
the Housewife.

the housewife.
For the last SIX years experts III the
national department of agriculture
have calculated and experimental in
the service of the American woman,
The bureau of domestic economics is
the particular division engaged in
this work, and lessening the cost of
expenditures for food is its object.
These experts begin from the fact
that the body is living engine and
that food is the fuel which generates
energy. Onsseort of food, called the
proteins, keeps the engine in shape,
building up tissue and strengthening
muscle. Another, called the carbohy-
drates, supplies the greater amount
of the power, butter, cereals, fish,
meats, nuts, olives containing fat and
starchy foods and sugars providing
heat. Foods are burned in the body
as fuel through being digested or as
simulated, and any surplus supply is
stored as fat for use in emergencies.
Foods value is measured by the
number of units of possible warmth
which it holds, this unit being named
ealorie. The sedentary business
man on an average needs 2500 units
of calories or Matchmaking food daily;
bakers or conductors, 5000; farmers,
$500; laborers and the like from $500
to 5000. What the housewife has
to do when she purchases and cooks
food is to deal with it so that the
family obtains the most of nourish-
ment 70 the least outlay.
The experts of diet inform her that
pork has greater value than any 9th
er meat as fuel. a pound of ham hold
ing 1920 ealories. whereas the best
beef has only 1165. Soups, even when
based on meat, have only slight value
for heating the body and therefore
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1917-01-05
Americans Are MASTERS.

There is just one way to reduce the
cost of living and that is to be more
economical. This is not only in the
way of foodstuffs but in wearables
Americans are noted for their un-
thrift, and as wasters they have new
sr been approached at any time. In
every home there is waste of food,
because it has never been necessary.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1917-01-05
Few In Polk Jail in 1916

Just five people were ineareerated
in the Polk county Jail in 1916 as
compared with 81 in 1915. "Prohi-
bition" is the word explanation given
by Deputy Sheriff 7. B. Hooker.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1917-01-05

1t is estimated the railways of this
country during the past year have
made net earnings of over billion
dollars. Which sounds much different
from the railway complaints of hard
times a year or two back.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1917-01-05

A comet which is approaching the
earth at the rate of million miles
a day is expected to become very bril-
liant during the early part of 1917.
And some people may interpret this
as a sign of approaching peace.
Polk County observer. (Monmouth, Polk County, Or.) 1888-1927, 1917-01-05

If peace could be wished on the
fighting nations of Europe, the war
would be over forthwith.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-27

| tropolis. German sirplsnes, although
they crossed the coast At different
points, were met and continually hsr-
ried by large force 81 British ma
chimes.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-27
Trial Showed General
Betrayed Russian Army

General Soukhomlinoff resigned as
Minister Of War in June, 1915, and was
arrested the following May as a result
Of inquiry into charges of criminal
negligence and high treason in connec-
ton with his administration Of the
Russian army. Nothing further was
heard Of him until shortly after tho
outbreak Of the Russian revolution,
when he was arrested by the revolu-
tionary forces and imprisoned In the
Fortress Of SIS. Peter and Paul.
Last Juno General Soukhomlinoff
WAS formally charged with high trea-
son and his trial was begun late in
August, lasting through this month.
The indictments against him were that
he had omitted to increase the output
of Russian munition works; that he
had failed to supply the army and
fortresses with guns and shells and
had prevented the military department
from supplying them; that he con-
cealed facts in his report to the Car
and communicated secret information
to German agents, and that he and
his wife accepted brides in favor OF
contractors and betrayed the country.
The trial developed that all these
charges were true, and that General
Soukhomlinoff was chiefly responsible
for the breakdown Of the Russian army
while he was in Office.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-27
Cuynemer Downed
Fighting Five Germans
Forty Enemy Machines Were
in the Air at the Time, Says
Frenchman's Comrade

PARIS. Sept. 26.-The last fight OF
George Guynemer, the famous French
aviator, is described by a comradc,
quoted by the Excelsior" as follows:
"Guynemer sighted five machines OF
the Albatross type D-3. Without hest
tating he bore down on them. At that
moment enemy patrolling machines,
soaring at great height, appeared sud
denly and fell upon Guynemcr.
There were forty enemy machines
in the air at this time, including Count
Won Richthofen ami his circus division
of machines, painted in diagonal blue
and white stripes. Toward Guynemer's
right some Belgian machines hove in
sight, but it was too late.
"Guyncmer pust have been hit. His
machine dropped gently toward the
earth and lost track Of il. All that
can say is that the machine was not on
fire"
Captain Guynemer was frequently
asked by Daniel Vincent, then Under
Secretary Of Aviation, to come to the
rear and place his talents as an in.
ventor and his vast experience in wal
flying at the disposal Of the air ad
ministration. Guynemer, however, in
variably refused. being unable to give
up the fascinating, adventurous life OF
an air fighter
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-27
Ex-Minister of War Con.
victed of High Treason,
Abuse of Confidence
and Fraud
His Wife Is Acquitted
Picturesque Scene Presented
in Trial Chamber as Throng
Awaited the Verdict

PETR0GRAD, Sept. 26. - General
Soukhomlinof. former Minister Of War,
was sentenced to hard labor for life
after conviction of the charge OF high
treason in the court here to-day.
Nine. Soukhomlinoff was acquitted
General Soukhomlinoff was convicted
also on the charges Of abuse of conf
dence and fraud.
The jury dehberated seven hours
and arrived at verdict Of guilty on
twelve Of the thirteen counts. A YER
dict Of not guilty on the first charge.
accusing him of inacton and inertia
during the war with the object OF as
sisting the enemy by weakening the
Russian armed forces, was rendered.
General Soukhomlinoff received the
verdict of guilty calmly, but his wife
burst into tears.
General Soukhomlinof delivered the
concluding speech with signs of great
emotion. He gesticulated fiercely,
completely losing his self-control and
sometimes violently beating his breast.
He defended himself against the charge
Of irregularity in his accounts, declar-
ing that he was obliged to keep them
from memory.
Soukhomlinoff avowed that he had al
ways been an ardent reformer and did
more for the army than his predeces-
sors. who together had occupied the
position for thirty years. Instead Of
the expected 100000 soldiers, he
pointed out, there had been modified
before the beginning of active opera
tons from 100000 TO 100000, and
now there were from 100000 to To-
100000. The Germans, he declared, had
lavished praise on his successful mob
ilization. With flourish of his arms.
Soukhomlinoff exclaimed:
IF | had lacked the self-sacrifice to
abandon a splendid post at Kiev to 60
TO that penitentiary, the War Once,
should never be here!'
He pointed to the dock, but added
hastily: mo, no; it is better not to
talk Of that"
Soukhomlinoff lamented that of all
the statesmen who could bear witness
TO his reforms the chief of them, Stoly-
pin, was now in his grave.
Nine. Soukhomlinoff had prepared
long speech, but before she had uttered
a score of words, declaring herself and
her husband innocent, she broke down.
Nothing is left to me in life she
walled. Your verdict is all the same
10 me-"
Four judges in uniforms of blue. and
gold sat at a bench in the centre OF the
raised dais, three of them listening IN,
tently to the words of the fourth, Chief
Justice Tagontsef, and nodding grave,
~. Counsel for the prosecution, and
for the defence, all in evening dress
EXCEPT that they wore black neckties,
were seated at table in front of the
prisoners, fumblng with huge port
folios and making many notes:
A. the chief justice calmly addressed
the Jurors. instructing them in the law,
the courtroom WAS like scene in a
picturesque drama, in decided contrast
to the setting of American trials. Cen
ersl Soukhomlinoff, in drab uniform,
bald and bearded, sat with head IN
hand, elbow on the dock, peering in
tently at the jurors. Beside him was
his wife. a pale, cameo-featured woman
of perhaps thirty-five.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-27
Kerensky May Refuse
To Recognize Congress

PETROGRAD, Sept. 25.-Premier
Kerensky will return 20 Petrograd to-
day. His secretary said he would not
recognize as official the Democratic Con-
gress called by the Soldiers and Work
mems Delegates, which will meet on
Thursday, although he might ad-
dress il.
The chief problem before the Con-
gress will have to do with the plan,
which possibly will be backed by a ma
iority, TO bring about the formation Of
a Cabinet responsible only 10 the Con-
eress. VI. Avskentief, former Minister OF
the Interior, explained this project to
the peasant delegates in patriotic
speech in which he said Russia must
fight Germany resolutely if it desired to
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-27

avoid abject surrender The probable
policy of Congress was indicated fur
Their by a message sent by the Soldiers
and Workmen's Delegates to Premier
kerensky begging him TO postpone
formation of a Cabinet until the Con-
gress has met
The Premier's secretary. who Is one
OF the leaders Of the peasant delegates,
fears the Bolsheviki will have ma
Jority, owing to the fact that this party
is straining every nerve TO rally ad-
hcrents. whereas the moderatcs refuse
TO attend the Congress on account Of
its unrcpresentativc character. They
also allcge participation would commit
them TO the Socialist programme of
June 2l. Such IA boycott of the Con-
grcss has been proclaimed by the Con-
stitutionsl Democrats, by some profess
sioral organizations and also by many
and 2emstvos, from which
are pouring in kilograms to Premier
Kerensky. expressing confidence in him.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-27
Rut Executive Committee
Demands Exclusion of
the Cadets
Extremists Seek
Absolute Power
Provisional Government Is
Sustained by Action
of Committee

FETRoGRAD, Sept. 26.-The central
committee of the Workmen's and Sol.
di.rs' Delegates has adopted by vote
,f lle 70 1Ol afresolution fsvoring the
principle Of coalition in the reconstitu-
ton Of the government, but excluding
the Constitutional Democrats from par
,icirstion in the government
The attempt being mace by the Ex-
,r.r,,sts to dictate the composition OF
.he Provisional Government was in
dorscd last night at combined meeting
If the Social Revolutionaries and the
PEASANTS. Soldiers and Workmen's
Deputies. which passed resolution that
the PENDING democratic congress elect a
committee Of it's own which henceforth
would constitute the Cabinet. suppressed
irs tic present Provisional Govern
we1t
=. vas decided TO submit this plan to
the congress for a vote. The Bolshe-
WIKI members who were present claimed
,ist all the Cabinet members must be-
long to their party. The Conservative
clements declared that the Cabinet
must be a coalition one, while the Mod
crates suggested compromise. Their
r~oposition was that there be coaii-
ton Cabinet. but that it be respon-
sible only TO the congress.
As the size of the congress, COM
rrising LOO members, precludes its
sitting permanently. il is planned to
elect a smaller body. which will claim
70 be the all-Russian Parliament. sit
ting until the constituent assembly is
chosen.
As the result Of the Extremist press
ure the government is inclining toward
that side. An example of this ten
dency is furnished by the resignation
Of Minister of Cults Kartasheff, who
complained that because of pressure
from the Petrograd Soldiers and
Workmen's body it was impossible to
carry out the original plan for coali-
tion Cabinet.
The Provisional Government is now
relying mainly upon the moderation Of
the central executive committee of the
Soldiers and Workmen's Deputies,
which represents all Russia, and which
so far has not been captured by the
Bolsheviki 1t was to this body that
General Verkhovsky, Minister OF War,
Yesterday advocated the policy of the
,igorous prosecution of hostilities
against Germany, without which Russia
would fall under the German heel
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-27

One Of the four German airmen was Sc
riously wounded. The three others
have been informed.
An Official announcement this morn
Ing said:
"The latest information shows that
the first group Of raiders which APP
proachsd London last night was turned
back BY gunfre, not more than two
machines actually penetrating the de-
fences. These two machines dropped a
number Of bombs in the southeastern
outskirts Of London at about 7:%5 p.
m, which damaged several dwelling
houses. killing six persons and injur-
ing sixteen. The late statement added
to the casualties)
THE second group Of raiders, which
approached London half an hour later,
was driven of.
Bombs were dropped in various To-
calities in Southeast England. Up to
the present no casualties or damage
has been reported"
A thrilling battle occurred between
German and British sirmen a few miles
from London, which probably accounts
for the fact that last nights air raid
resulted in so little damage in the me.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-27
u. S. Aviator Killed.;
Mother Too Late

WITH THE LAFAYETTE SQUAD
RON. Sept. 24.-The death Of Douglas
NacMonagle, of San Francisco. mem
her of the Lafayette Squadron, oc-
cured during q patrol flight with two
other Americans, Lieutenant Lufbery
and Sergeant Rockwell. They were at
tackled by eight German machines, be-
lieved to belong to the comsination
Known as the tango circus" Appar-
emily MacMonagle was taken by sur
nrisc. He fell within the French lines.
Sergeant Rockwell went TO the res
cue, but was too late to save MS COM
radc. After a short fight, however, he
downed one German, who fell crashing
into q wood.
MacMonagle's body was recovered.
He was shot twice through the head.
Tn. funeral was held with American
military honors, as q camp OF Amer
lean engineers is stationed near enough
TO the base Of the squadron 70 send
men to sound taps.
PARIS, Sept. 26.-Behind the bare
official Announcement that Sergeant
MacMonagle had been killed lies one OF
the most poignant tragedies of the war.
Almos: at the momen. the sergeant
met his fate, his mother, widow Of DR..
Beverly MacMonagle, an eminent Paci-
fic Coast physician, was completing the
journey of 5000 miles from San Fran
cisco to visit her only son.
Sergeant MacMonagle, who was in
Paris a few days before he was killed,
seemed to have a presentment Of his
fate. He said to friends:
well. fellows, if they get me you
may bank on it mother will have the
consolation Of knowing i passed out
fighting and dang my best, as she
would wish it,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-27
Planning to Reduce
Price of Gasoline

WASHINGTON, Sept. 26.-Immediate
measures looking to a general reduc-
ton in the prices of fuel oil and gaso-
lene are under contemplation by the
government.
II has not been decided, it is under
stood, whether to move under powers
contained in the food control bill or to
seek an agreement with producers SINH
lar to the steel and copper price agree
ments.
The Federal Trade Commission has
Just completed and turned over to
President Wilson cost Of production
estimates for fuel oil and gasolene
for most of the producing districts OF
the country. These estimates are said
to show that it now costs Ia to 20 cents
a gallon to produce gasolene, and from
30 cents 10 50 to produce fuel Gil
Prices for both are extremely high.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-27
British Beat Off
German Air Raid
Defence Kept Damage to
Minimum Killed,
26 Injured

LONDON. Sept. 2s.-Seven persons
were killed and wenty-eight injured
in all 0e districts affected by the two
German air raids last night, it is an
-nounced officially.
Two large German seaplanes have
been brought into Flushing, Holland,
by Dutch torpedo boats, and it is re-
ported that they participated in the air
raid on England, says a dispatch to
The Evening News" from Rotterdam.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-27
Reign of Terror
Menace of Victory
By the Bolsheviki
By Isaac Don Levine

To-day the All-Russian Democratic
Congress, convened for the purpose OF
finding solution for the present
crisis, opens in Pe:rograd. On the eve
Of its opening the Russian political
situation seems more confused than
ever. Put out OF this confusion ccr-
tain facts stand out. These may be
summarized as follows:
|. The extremist Bolshevik control
the local Petrograd Council of Work
men, Soldiers and Peasants. This
council is openly hostile toward ke-
rensky, ana is laying plans for the
construction of a Bolsheviki govern
ment. Such a government would pub
lish all the secret treaties concluded
in the past between Russia and the
Allies; i would fight only defensive
war; it would strain every effort posi-
bic in favor of an immediate genera!
peace; it would overthrow the existing
social order in Russia; and, finally, 1t
would cause civil war.
>. The permanent executive commit
tee of the all-Russian congress of
councils Of workmen. soldiers and
peasants, held some three months ago.
and which is the prototype OF the
present congress, is backing kerensky.
This committees authority ends with
the convention of anew congress TO-
day Its attitude. however, is import
ant as an indication OF the prooaoie
attitude of the new assembly. But the
sentiment of the country IN the last
three months has undergone profound
changes, so there is the possiolilty
that the present congress may, instead
Of backing Kerensky. adopt the Petro-
grad extremists policy.
9. The moderate and conservative
elements of the country, the repre-
sentatives of the bourgeoisie, are boy
cotting the congress. They have been
allotted only a few seats in IL. and
feel that their presence would be an
act OF acouiescence in any action that
the Bolsheviki might perpetrate there
The boycott is clear challenge TO
the extremists claim that the con-
gress would represent the entire Rus
sian democracy.
4. kerensky comes TO the congress
with the support of the whole bour..
geoisie and the moderate element OF
the proletariat and peasantry. OPP
posed TO him are the Bolsheviki, who
are extreme Socialists. and probably
some sinister forces eager 70 have
chaos maintained in Russia in the in
terest of their dark schemes. In gen
eral Kerensky is leading the patri-
otto. nationalistic, practical and eau
tious elements of the nation against
the pacifst. internationalist. visionary
and rash forces.
;. The chief issue of the opening
battle is whether the Provisional
Government is TO be or not to be 8
coalition government. Kerensky and
his supporters stand for coalition
ministry, composed of the representa-
tives of ell the parties of the coun-
try. Lenine's Bolshevik strive for q
purely Socialistic regime, virtual
dictatorship of the proletariat II is
not unlikely that the first vote Of the
congress will be taken on this ques-
ton. Should that prove the case. a
vote for coalition would mean vic
tory for Kerensky and order. while a
vote against it would amount to a
declaration of reign of terror by the
Bolsheviki.