davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-06-12
BRITAIN APPROVES PLAN
TO RECREATE POLAND

London, Eng, June 1.-THE Brit
ish government has addressed to Rus
STA a note following closely the lines
OF president Wilson's note to Russia
on war aims. The only striking diff
ference is that Great Britain ex
pressed hearty sympathy with Rus
sia's plan to create a free Poland en-
bracing not only Russian Poland but
German and Austrian Poland also.
El Paso herald. (El Paso, Tex.) 1901-1931, 1917-06-12

u FnsO JOunty PFOneers A8HocInIIOn
will meet at 1918 Z. Rio Grande to
attend funeral Of Pioneer Thee Gggers
Wednesday, June 18th. at D. m.
c. E. Kelly, Pres.
Adv A. T. Samworth, Secy.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25

PLAN MEETING
IOWA CONFERENCE TO BE HELD
At NEVADA; PRESIDENT WILL
GIVE ADDRESS.

Nevada, Dec. z2.-Seventh- day A6
ventist clergyman and local ministers
from the ninety-ffve churches in the
Iowa conference, together with a
number of leading clergymen OF tho
denomination from other parts Of The
country, will attend a convention to
be held here from December q to
January 2. Among the leaders com
ing will be Elders A. G. Daniels,
president of the World conference.
which has headquarters in Washing
ton, D. c.; Charles Thompson of Min
neapolis, president Of the Northern
Union conference, and E. T. Russell
of WATERFOWL, 8. D., president Of the
South Dakota conference. Elder A
R Ogden, president of the Iowa Con-
ference, will be chairman of the con-
vention.
Among the cities that win be repre-
scented will be Des Moines, Fort Dodge,
Dubuque. Sioux City. Burlington, De
corah, Waterloo, Grinneil Ottumwa.
Davenport, Keokuk, Council Bluffs,
Forest City, Altoona, Creston, Mar
shalltown, Atlantic, Boone, Cedar Rap
ids Muscatne- and many 0then places.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS
RAISE SERVICE FLAG

HatfAead, Dec. 25.-FairieHd people
Who are interested in Gthe public
schools and especially in the high
school work are accustomed to I'm
pressfve events, but it is doubtful II q
more impressive ceremony was ever
held In the history of the local high
school than occurred Thursday eve
ming when the large service flag with
seventeen stars upon It's background
was raised The event was q part of
the ANIMAL stunt Night" ceremonies,
at which an excellent pogzam yas
given.
Seventeen members Of he nigh
school, many of them seniors, have
answered the call of the colors and
these were especially honored By this
service. The following are the young
men who were thus honored: Bruce
Bradfiead, George Zihlman, Orval
Gantz, Walter Fpurt, Kenneth Cos.
sick, Harold Randall, Ellwood Lind
bonn, Donald Murdoch, Emery Mcln-
tire, Galen Hunt, Robert Vicksell,
Ralph Reed, Leslie Daggett, John
Ebert, Carroll Haney, Lieut.. C. w. De-
Lancey. Prot. e. p. DeVoe.
There was . large and enthusiastic
crowd present who joined in cheers
for these soldier and sailor lads.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
VARSITY PROFESSOR
WILL GO TO FRANCE

Iowa City, Dec. z2-Prof. Stephen
H. Bush, head of the department Of
Romance languages at the state uni
versity and one Of the best-known
members Of the Institutional staff at
the institution. win leave shortly
after Christmas for Y. NJ. c., A. work
In France. The exact nature Of his
work has not been announced, but It
is thought that he will be given some
kind Of administrative educational
work.
Professor Bush received part Of
his education in France and he Is IA
miIlar with the territory whore the
thickest of the lighting is taking
place.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
FORCED
TO KISS THE FLAG

Independence, Dec. 1.-THE irxhe
citizens Of Jesup rose IN righteous in
dignation and dragged Tom Steven
son out In the main street Tuesday
and before everybody made him kneel
in the saush and snow anil kiss the
nag three times Stevenson. has been
strongly pro-German in his sympo.
thies, and Of late has been getting
more indiscreet in his manner Of con-
versaton. He said that we should be
fighting With Germany instead o(
against her. After the citizens were
through with him, they permitted him
to go home, and he Is now about his
work, not saying very much to any
body.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
Argentina Wants
WarDeclarati01l;
Mob At Capital

- uENos AIRES, Dec. 22-The
d publication Of kilograms osnt
BY Count van luxbuea for.
NOR oarman minister, 10 the 1sr-
lin forsIga office has rsssited IN
rIots IN epenos Aires. Crowds Of
people assembled md dema.dsd 4
rupture Of relations With Ger
many.
A mob in tise+ caNovflortda-VUo
dispersed sitter q fight With
mounted po2oA onards apain
havo beea s4sf3eoed around prop
e'ty owned ~ oassnans In To
city and police $50 guarding ttso
off1es a - UNtaa, NJ seasopapsr
for which 0nn4 son lssdburp>ob.
tafnad q sud.
CoaUess u sDapscas6 10 in91sG
upoo N euapRnakaou BY tho GOV.
el10e1t oe to cond50oo revealed
fR,.4he-Hoo lsl&e As1auss.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
MEET
AT FAIRFIELD
#ERSoN COUNTY e2sR 1850
cu4DoN FOLLOW PRECEDENT
oF~Cudl vAARsnaqEe.

Fairfield, Dec. z1.-Thsse'w11'1e-sn
sd1omned session Of tho district court
Of Js1eTeon county held Monday, Do
esmbsr "A, and Judge Francis II.
Hunter Of Ottumwa W11l preside. Some
mse14s which Were commenced At
the November tenn VIZ be dspused
OF
IN fhe afternuuu ct 2 o'e3uck tho
members Of ue Jeaessun Co1ney Bar
association VIII hoad q lo1alty mset
ing according to tie peecedent set BY
tho members Of tho association at the
opening Of the Civn war. The pres
ent members Win demonstrate to the
public their loyazty to the Stars and
Stripes and the government ton which
they stand. Short addresses VIII be
made By the various members and
Judge Hunter will preside. The pub
lie is cordially tnvitsd to attend. The
win particularly honor the
members Of the bar who have already
entered the service of their country.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
CAMPAIGN FOR
FUEL SAVING
EXPERT ENGINEER BROUGHT BY
COMMERCIAL CLUB TO DEMON
STRATE PROPER FIRING.

The Commercial club hascompleted
plans to hold fuel saving campaign
beginning Wednesday, January 2 and
continuing several days, as long AZ
seems necessary.
Actual practical demonstration of
the best methods of firing furnaces to
secure the best heating results with
the least possible amount of fuel will
be conducted in the large heating
plants Of the city by an expert engi-
neer sent to the city by the engineer
ing extension department Of the state
college at Ames. There will be no
expenses entailed other than the per-
sonal expenses OF the engineer and
these will be cared for by the Com
mercfal club.
Inspection Of boiler and heat plants
in factories, Office buildings, school
houses and apartment houses, and the
instruction Of firemen in the proper
handling of fuel will comprise the
work of the visiting engineer.
Those users of large quantities Of
fua who wish instruction In fuel say
ing may send their names In to the
Commercial club, specifying the most
convenient time for receiving such in
II necessary.
1t - probable that q meeting of fire.
men and janftors Of the city VIII be
held at the Commercial club 'Wednes-
day evening, the first dry of the cam
paign for instruction and discussion.
Besides the demonstration for tho
benefit Of large users Of fuel, pam
phlets win be issued to every house
holder In the city, with instructions
for the proper handling Of firing in
hoRse furnaces.
In order that time may be used to
best advantage while the expert engi
neer is In the city, q routing win be
made out previous to hts arrival which
Win map out his itinerary at the large
beating plant
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
FOOTBALL EQUIPMENT
SENT TO SOLDIERS

Cedsr FaIls, Dec. 22-The entire
equipment Of this years football
squad at State Teaehess' college, IL to
be shipped to Camp Cody, Deming, N.
NJ, for the &c Of national army foot
ball players. The can for football
equipment came from teachers COZ
lege graduates at Camp Cody. The
response was prompt and the COM
plete equipment Of the 1917 pedRgug
squad Will soon be ON ID way b tho
southern army camp, which h0uDes
quite number Of erstvflle teDeheese
college 'footbaners.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
ENLISTS IN NAVY
UNDER ASSUMED NAME

Fort Madison, Dec. 22-The young
man known AZ Lawrence Seagraves
nearly lost his chance to enter the
navy through the belief Of the ad.
tutant general Of the state that the
fact that he has been living under an
assumed name would not permit him
to enlist under another. SeagIaves
admitted that his right name is WI
liam Frisbie. He apparently as
sumed the other because he liked the
sound of it.
But Frisbie, II appears. has beaten
the adjutant general to It, inasmuch
as he has been accepted IN the navy
and has left for the training station.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
cotaEeE skAruso R1eelk.

Mt. Vernon, Dec. z9-Cornsn COZ
hge students WIN have roller skat-
ing rink all their own this winter
Early this fan the students contrib
uted $4,000 to the Y. n. c. A war TO
lief fund and partly to aid them IN
raising the amount OF their pledge
and partly to aid in the conservation
of food, they decided to do away With
all banquets and other social funo-
tions. The college is making this pro-
vision to provide substitute for the
sacrifices that they have made.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
HAS
MILITARY TONE
LIEUT.. PERSON WEEDS Mls9cHAR
LOT1E WHITE AT HER HOME
IN FAIRFIELD.

Fairfield, Dec. 22-The first military
wedding to be celebrated in Fairfield
was that of Miss Charlotte White and
Lieutenant Frank H. Pierson which
took place at the home of the brides
parents Nh. and Mrs. Verher D.
White ON West Burlington street,
Wednesday evening.
The home was beautifully decorated
for the occasion with ferns and palms
while American flags both large and
small added the needed tonch OF color
to the scene. Only few friends be:
side the immediate reantfves OF
the young people witnessed the eere-
mony which was said at eight O'Clock
by Rev. w. r. Kelsey of the First
Methodist church. Ferns and palms
draped with the Stars and Stripes
formed, a bank before which tzo'couple
stood while . large American nag
hung suspended above them.
Preceding the ceremony Miss M1r-
Earet White a sister Of the brSne' sang
beloved It IL Morn" accompanied BY
Miss Mildred Stewart of Washington.
Prof. lanes p. Moorhead Of the Par
sons college conservatory OF music.
played LoAenerins Wedding March
rs the cuap1e took their places IN the
pa14or.
Tho national colors and smffa1
formed the decorations in the dining
room while the favors were small
baskets tied with bows Of Fed. Whafe
md blue.
Boch Lieutenant Pierson and his
bEide were members Of the 1872 class
OF he Fairfield high school, the Ateer
afterwards going to Parsons COX
lege and the former to the
University Of Illinois where he
was senior class member when left
to enter the o01ce1's training school at
Fort Smelling. His bride graduated
from Parsons college in 1916 and this
fall gave her graduation recital IN
piano from the conservatory Of the
local college, She b talented and
popular young woman.
Lieutenant and Mrs PierSon LETT
Wednesday night for short trip to
Chicago and will return Monday to
spend Christmas with home folks At
ter which they will go to Des
Moines where the groom is stationed.
Among the out of town guests were
]. F. Dings of Ottumwa. Mr.. and MIS-.
Hobart Myrick and three children OF
Square Butte, Montana; Miss Mildred
Stewart of Washington; Abe Kann OF
Chicago; Mr.. and Mrs. Bert Oeasby
Of LibertyviI1e.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25

very big glass of whisky. The farm
ers wife thought that she would trea.
him also, but she gave It to him in a
very small glass. He looked at it and
asked:
"Na.am, how are those giasse1
nader
-oh, you know those sasses are
all blown"
well" said the servant. whoever
blew that one must have been very
short Of bresth."
A certain blacksmith, says Pear
suu's Weekly, although an expert at
his trade, was quite ignorant Of sur
gical methods When he sprained his
wrist one afternoon he hurried to q
doctors once.
The doctor examined the wrist and
then took small bottle from shelf,
hut found 1t empty.
James" said he, turning to an cs.
sistant, go upstairs and bring me
down q couple Of those phials...'
Whats that?" exclaimed the pa
tient showing signs Of emotion.
Il merely asked my assistant to
bring me down q couple of phials
from UPSTAIRS" answered the doctor.
''F1les!" cried the blacksmith. mo
you don't! II that hand has got to
come of use an axe or a saw"
A traveller who believed himself to
be sole survivor of a shipwreck upon
a cannibal isle hid for three days, in
terror Of his life. Driven out by
hunger, he discovered thin wisp of
smoke rising form clump Of bushes
inland and crawled carefully to study
the type Of savages about it. Just as
he reached the cfuusp he heard voice
say:
"Why in b did you play that
carf?"
He dropped on his knees and, de-
,voutly raising his hands, cried:
Thank God they are. Christiaust"
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25

johnson Boiler looked around Wild
" and helplessly.
II tell you, she isn't here!" he be-
gan. "You SEQ"
"And ten you that that's lie!"
said his wife. IN find her, and
when do ind her, Johnson Boiler,
some one win pay on the spot for the
home rye lost! Do you hear? III
suffer suffer for it, perhaps. But
shen pay!"
The Spanish grandmother had risen
in Beatrice and declared herself!
C0ld-blooded assassination shook the
air of Anthouy's apartment. His
head spun; he wondered Historically
II there would be much screaming be-
fore It was all over-h the police and
the Lasande employees would break in
before the CHASTITY finish Of the affair.
There would be Just one finish, and 4
was written In those flaming eyee,
written more clearly than any print!
And afterwaFd? Well, there would
be no afterward for Anthony. He IN
derstood that perfectly, yet he was
too numb TO grfeve just now. Fifteen
minutes afeer the worst had happened
the LasaRde would present him with
a check covering he balance Of his
lease and would request him to go;
such was the procedure here and It
had proved court proof. Altogether
he coaad 4hUd TO lazgh at them. He
had meesey to sit down and wait untn
the news had trnveaed a bit; Ma1y's
father or Robert vining would attend
to the Fest-and there wuuDd be the
end Of Anthony Fry's stately con.
te0ed existence.
fTo be coninued9.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
moswv ron RED caoea

Hedrick. Dec. 27.-Ihe high school
R Hed3ck give IN entertainment
ThRsdsy night Tor the benefit Of de
Red Cross, the proceeds amounting
to 5000. The establishment was
made up 0 music and redtat1uu ap
propsiate to the Christmas season.
The Hedrick schools clo1od 4uA1v 1Ds
q tWo weeks v0eeoon.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
CORONER APPOINTED.

Fairfield. Dec. 21.-Dr. w. II. Con
ner was Thursday afternoon appoint
ed coroner Of JEFFERSON county to sue
coed Captain Lora D. James, who is
now with Hospital Omit R in Fort Nc
Pherson, Atlanta, Ga. DR.. James was
a republican and DR.. Conner lisa dem
ocY4t
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
YOUNG RED CROSS MEMBER.

Chillicothe, Mo, Dec. 22.-Mary
Coriess Bell Hargrave, 13-months- old
daughter of MI. and Mrs. John Har-
grave, west of the city, enrolled as a
member of the Red Cross yesterday.
She Is one of the youngest members
Of livingston county.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
e.eeoe 3. ctayl.k

Tn fuBsral Of George 4. Clnyoua
Who Med - hi home In AeV yestDr-
day win b held Sunday sf .. n,
conducted BY the Rev. HI. WHDun a
the 11gtl1u1N ch0rch. InteRimsnt av0
take~plAco u .A0ony 0eaO1Y.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
DINNER STORIES

It was the morning Of st. Patricks
dry and the farmer thought he would
treat his servant boy, so he gave him
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
Nh. Sarah Young fsoelx


Asran9elmenks for the funsea g
Hn. Ango1Ica I. eelMfer, who died ae
her home, z16 South Benton streee,
Thursday evening. are being haed
swaiting the arrival, Of her dangh1se,
Mrs. ". J. Dinkiage, who Was n
Nng3swood. Cal, At the t1no e her
mothers death. soEsaAe
funes1l4 IN - mn6e MundW.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25

Of MIA Id Swift OF BloomAeld which
occurred last night ct her home after
an Illness Of thee years duration. Mrs.
Swift Is we'll known in this city where
she has been Che guest many times OF
her daughter Mira. n. ID. Dunlavy, 333
West Second street. She was n years
Of aga
Mrs Swift il survived By thrse
daughters, Mrs. Dunhvy Of Shis city,
son VIII Swift of Bloomfield and one
brother VIM Campbell Of Bloomfield.
The funeral WIN be held n Hpon.
fead tomorrow at p. m, conducted
by the Rev, Mr.. Purdy. Intermaut
win take place In The /. 90. F.ome-
terry.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-12-25
wv7,ss... Perry Smith.

WISVoe0 POfry SsHth.
winsxm Perry Smith died yesterday
at 4 n m. at his residence, sol Fair
view a1enne akter an illness of twa
weeks. He was - years Of Aso. born
Ma1cA ., 1859.
He = survived by his wife Edith, his
mother Afs. Mary ]. Smith, one sistse,
Ma Ruth Sutton and four brotherA
Zed. Marion. and Ernest Of this city
and Fred Smith Of Des Motnea
The funeral win b held Sunday AZ
p. m. at the residenea. conducted By
Rev. w. Il. Reavis Of tho F7kst Christ
ian church. informant WiH tain. plaes
in ShoA cenetery.
-:O:-
Nh. Sarah Young f9Ue9&
A funeral service fm Mrs. Sarah
Young Holly, who, died ThUsday at
the home Of her niece, MrA Harriet
e. Michael, LorelIa street, was held
today at p. m. 1t the Michael resi-
denee. conducted BY Rev. M. a
RsuscA.
The remains Vere taken On The m
waukee q $50 p. m. to Sioux yala.
8. d, the TURNER home Of the de-
ceeSed, whRe- die funeral viii be hid
Monday at 10 .. m. with 4nAssznsn1
IN oloH Fails cemetery.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-11-12
New Orleans Visitor

T found Birmingham both an inter- esting and wonderfully beautiful city, v said Joe Fortier young lawyer and the son of the late Alcee Fortier. the distinguished professor and author, of New Orleans.
 Tt is so very different from my home town. New Orleans is un old city with a fascinating history, but Birmingham is new and growing, and so different Your furnaces, mills and mines fill me with astonishnent. Your industrial prog ress is a marvel. New Orleans is, of course, a great commercial center, and am used to big business, but some or your vast enterprises in the Birmingham district are simply overwhelming.
 Tt is my first visit to "bone dry" city, but New Orleans is not as bad as of yore, in that the Sunday closing law for saloons Is generally observed. l daresay, that with our mixed popula- ton, and being seaport. it will be quite awhile before New Orleans abol- ishes saloons"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-11-12
Turn For the Better
 In Russian Affairs

A sSOCIATED PRESS dispatches EA received last night indicate the speedy downfall of the extreme radi- calls who deposed Kerensky and at tempted to set up farcical govern lment in Russia.
 The deposed premier is reported to
 be advancing on the capital with . strong body of troops who have rallied to his support. Kerensky, with Gen. eral Alexieff, former commander-in- chief, leader of great ability, are already within easy striking distance of Petrograd. Kerensky is reported
 to have not less than 100000 troops behind him, and opposition to the Bol- sheviki movement is growing. The
 Cossacks, as was expected, are prov ing dependable, and there is every
 reason to expect quick upset which will once more give the men who are
 truly desirous of saving Russia from chaos, and are believed to be capable
 of doing so, the reigns of government. There is much to encourage America and the allies in the latest develop ments, which promise to restore order in Russia. Lenine and the fanatics at his back have woefully miscalcu- lated their strength and have mis- Judged the temper of the Russia peo pie. They are ill-advised dreamers whose capacity for mischief was per-
 n1itted to go unchecked too long by
 Kerensky, with the result that his
 government was overthrown by coup
 d'etat and he was forced to take
 refuge in flight. No good could have
 come of the Lenine government, and
 it is fortunate for Russia that the end
 of his short-lived regime is in sight.
 Kerensky, Korniloff and Alexieff
 are, perhaps, the three men best able
 to cope with the present crisis. If
 they can rally the army to their SUD-
 port, as now appears probable, or a
 sufficiently strong part of it, the
 restoration of the provisional govern
 ment will soon be an accomplished fact.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-11-12
LIBERTY LOAN IN SOUTHWEST
By HOLLAND

especially of a most significant featnf of the campaign. That was the uEe4 pectedly liberal and large buying oi bonds by farmers. There was very greatly increased number of individual subscriptions in comparison with those made at the time of the first loan. Many school children purchased bonds and the sales in the remotest farming districts were on a far greater scale than those which were made at the time of the floating of the first liberty bond. Even in districts where the 1917 crop was not very good, some of the harvests being very poor, especially in North Dakota and Montana the salesmen found nc difficulty in obtaining subscriptions.
 Just after the subscriptions to the second liberty loan were completed i, was observed not only in the ninth fed eral reserve district but in others in the west and south that there was strong tendency to make free use or the ample facilities furnished by the re- serve banks. The rediscounts are, how ever, regarded as reflecting the added burdens placed upon all commercial banks through the floating of the second liberty loan and are not due to any commercial conditions.
 The success of the loan subscriptions was all the more remarkable because the idea commonly prevailed that the government was seeking loan of s5,- GOO, ,0co, 600 whereas 1t was necessary often to explain to the farmers that Secretary McAdoo fixed the amount called for at s, ,000,00o,0o0, saying also that if there were oversubscriptions he would accept a certain proportionate part of them until the aggregate amount was s2.ooo,- O00.000 more.
 This week there begins the period for tho partial payments on account of subscriptions and this will undoubtedly impose a severe burden upon the banks and a considerable drain upon their deposits. The deposit list will probably show, at least in some of the federal reserve districts, material decreases on account of the large amounts of money that have been subscribed, for which payments must be made. However it Is the common opinion that the effect Of the government war loans will not be such as permanently to decrease de- posits.
 The impression in Washington and in this city is that on the whole the sub- scribers to the second liberty loan con- templated making payments out of current income either by the employ ment of funds that have been saved or through discounting by the aid of the banks anticipated savings. Gradually as the details of the subscriptions to the second liberty loan are being m1de known to the authorities at Washingtons there is greater and greater confidence that the great body of wage earners of the United States have more than fulfilled the expectation and hope of Secretary McAdoo tha tthey would con- stitute in numbers at least the chief supporters of this second loan.