Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-12-01

army
Most Of the artisans will revert to
their former trades. since there is
distinct understanding in large indus.
trial areas that employers are to find
Jobs for all their former workers The
Clyde shipbuilders and engineers. for
example. have given their word OF
men" win find ali their old places are
awaiting them, and as there is certain
to be plenty OF work in the shipyards
and engineering shops there will be no
temptation TO Withdraw from this
that numbers Of .tat" men win not wish
to go back to their old places. They
will have the wander spirit and will be
inclined to go farther afield and to see
more OF the world.
Women Take Mems Places.
This may not be 80 characteristic Of
artisans as Of office hands. There Is
At present a great shortage of clerks
and bookkeepers and once work which
| IL not ''of national Importance" Is done
largely by men over military age or
otherwtse unfit for military service and
woman teller In . Glasgow bank be-
gan duty. thus fnaugurating still an
other phase Of the invasion by women
Of those fields Of labor hitherto looked
tupon as reserved for men. There are
many woman clerks in banks and other
business on1ces. but the male chiefs of
these establishments all say that they
will remain only for the period Of the
war. Men are better. they say. and
they will have the men back as soon as
Of asking IL the men will come back
II men who have been used to open-air
life for perhaps four years viii settle
down contentedly behind desks in Of
hces.
Will Come to America.
Among people who think there is a
general impression that there will be
widespread emigration and that, al
though the boys. will come home. IL
will only be for a look around. They
will have no patience with the old,
slow ways. and very soon will be book
ing passages for other parts of the
world. most OF them for the other side
It IL to counteract this tendency and
also to insure that the population of
Scotland is maintained at a high level
of quality as well as of quantity
that many Of the plans referred to
have been made. The most promising
Of these plans are associated with the
land. There ts. for example, the Scot
fish small holders organization. This
r. really q prewar body. as it was form
ed in 1913 for the purpose OF making
the small holders act Of 1911 as sue
cessful as possible and establishing
that system Of cooperation among
small holders which has been SO sue
oessful In ireland and in Denmark The
small holders act Of 1911 was a meas
ure designed to supersede the crofter's
act OF 1886 and to tnaugurate a new
system of land tenure under which
farms larger than crofts would be
available, either by the breaking up
Of very large farms or by the bringing
into cultivation Of land, which had been
allowed to become pasture; IT. was not
cause the provisions for obtaining land
were largely nullified by saving clauses
designed to protect the interests of
landlords and sitting. tenants. and it is
highly probable that very soon after
the war Is over there will be a call for
further and moro drastic legislation
along the Same lines.
Watch Interests Of Holders.
Meantime the Scottish small holders
organization Is doing good work. Be-
Of keeping In touch with the govern
ment departments concerned, there
have been formed eighty agricultural
S OF small holders
are expected to become societies Each
local society attends to all the inter-
ests OF the small holders in its area,
materials they require on the co-opera-
tive principle and on the most reason
able terms possible. and that the prod
ycts Of their labor are marketed to
all absolutely non-political. the only
test OF membership being a belief in
the value Of small holdings and in the
them.
Loans for Small Farmers.
The Scottish small holders organiza-
ton has also established what is
Limited. which conducts wholesale OPP
small holders. The Scottish Central
hsaS pan ssa b bsnk in seot sss na
has affiliated with it four local
credit societies in the highlands. At
these different places loans have been
small holders for the purpose of TAX
ing over stocks of sheep from the board
OF agriculture for Scotland In this
the bank has so; ;,I , with the
schemes---that OF stocking the land.
Then in 1916 the organization sstab-
lished the Scottish Central Insurance
Society, Limited. which conducts the
insurance OF small holders live stock
on q mutual cooperative basis and at
premiums much lower than the usual
ia asas are w sad e 10 be-
classed al small holders.
Another body which is doing proniis- !
ing work on somewhat different lines
is the Highland Land Settlement Assoc |
citation. Its principal object is to or
ganixe crofters and eligible small hold |
ers in the different districts of the |
highlands so that they may combine |
In groups for the purpose OF lodging |
applications with the board OF agri- |
culture for the use Of land and to
press upon the government the neces- |
atty for an amendment of the Scottish |
small holders act which would make 1
1t easy for men to settle down on the |
land
Need Land for Soldiers.
These ana other agencies are doing |
rood work in the way of preparing the
country for solving those demobiliza-
tfon and reconstruction problems
which will have to be faced some day.
II lie realized much more fully in Scot
land than in England that bold and
drastic policy with regard to the land
will do more than anything else to |
make the country attractive to the re- |
turning soldiers. and that II there is /
land available on which they may set |
tie down. many OF the men will well |
come the opportunity Of continuing in |
a very different way the open-atr life
to which they have become accustomed. |
That IL why In Scotland 30 many of |
the plans for preparing the country for |
~ 49,. ~eAA,S cha man foyraa 6oraa u