davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21
Electric Curr emit
Generated by the
Heart, the Body's
Dynamo.

istration of the contraction of the
muscle, readily shows the most mi
mute difference.
"A remarkable story of a dying
heart is told by the accompanying
curves registered by the electrician
diograph. Some Of the graphs illus
trating this remarkable story are
shown on this page and were taken
by DIR. r. H. Halsey Of New York
city
The records here reproduced form
an almost complete deterioration
graphic record of the heart beats dur.
ing the last movements of the pa
TENTS life. The change is seen in
the heightened conduction interval
and in the changed ventricular COM
pick Of Fig. 2. That fertilization of
the ventricles was not the immediate
cause of death is clear from Fig. 8,
taken when the usual signs of life
We're in allegiance; the heart was
profoundly affected, and the patient
past all possible hope of recovery be-
fore fertilization ensued.
THE record was obtained from a
woman patient 80 years of age, suf-
fering from broncho-pneumonia of
both lower lobes. The curves were
taken one after the other in quick
succession and are described in this
order. In Fig. the frequency of the
heart is IS. The duration of the
the period Of rest between
contractions of the heart, varies from
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21
How SCIENCE Now
ENABLES a DYING
HEART Actually to
WRITE Its Life STORY

the fine quartz wire will be displaced
certain amount by the generation
Of current by the heart. With the
contraction wave, the electric poten-
tial spreads over the heart and thus
the galvanometer records the heart
beat and also indicates the origin
and path by which the current
spreads.
1t is estimated that the heart o:
the average individual causes a de-
Election which indicates the passage
Of a current of approximately one to
two one-thousandths of volt. Thus
it is known that it would require the
heart beats of thousands of persons
to generate enough current to light
an incandescent lamp.
The apparatus used in recording
the pulsation of the heart is shown
in the accompanying illustration in
actual use and also how the various
electrodes are secured to the patient.
The sensitive galvanometer is seen
at the left. while the beam of light
is derived from a powerful arc pro-
jector stationed at the extreme left,
but not shown.
The instrument at the extreme
right is the Photographic film appa-
ratus. The film is driven at def
mite and uniform speed by an electric
motor mounted at the bottom Of the
machine. This instrument is placed
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

berries of the common potato, he ex-
claimed: All these berries have dis
appeared from the state. will give
S25 for one found within Connecti-
cut
So for thirteen years 1 have tried
in vain to prove that Prof Gully
is wrong, but he must still limit that
claim to Connecticut. although 1t
would not cost him fortune should
he extend it to the United States
in general.
From the lecture platform in
teachers institutes in Ohio, Indiana
and Pennsylvania l have told the
story Of that startling announcement.
and in most places 1 have offered a
prize for box of well-developed
specimens. I made the offer before
more than 1000 teachers Of Alleghe-
ny county at Pittsburgh, and again in
one of the country districts of south.
ern Indiana.
My announcement was received
with general surprise and the re-
mark: We can send them to you by
the bushel. We will bankrupt you.
But of the thousands of teachers that
promised to search the fields only
about a dozen have responded, and
no package contained more than
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

familiar of which are severe infiam-
nation of the lungs, thus leading in
directly to death.
Prof. Karsner has attempted to
define more accurately the possible
pathologic effects of this gas, which
is being used freely as therapeutic
agent, as prophyiactic against
asphyxia in anesthesia, in the indus
tries, and in the exigencies of sub
marine or aerial performances. His
studies show that atmospheres con-
tanning from 80 to So per cent. OF
oxygen under normal barometric
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21
The POISONOUS EFFECT of Air Rich in OXYGEN

pressure usually produce, in animals.
in the course Of one or two days.
congestion, and finally pneumonia.
probably OF Initiative origin and to
be described as 'fibrinous broncho
pneumonia Although deficiency of
oxygen may affect the pulmonary
system, animals subjected to high
oxygen percentages failed to reveal
any demonstrate pathologic changes
in the blood. spleen, lymph nodes or
bone marrow, except for the pres
ence Of congestion which is ac-
counted for in other ways.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

n USINESS often plays an i'm
n portant part in the matrimonial
market. especially in some
parts Of Europe, and an old-time
custom in Petrograd was once re-
sponsible for the yearly pairing-of
Of all eligibles.
On Whit-Sunday afternoon the IA
nous summer gardens were thrown
open for the marriage-mart. Girls
and their mothers, bachelors and
their fathers--the entire population,
in fact-thronged the gardens for the
purpose of finding suitable partners.
The girls put ON their prettiest
clothes and wore their prettiest
smiles, and as they promenaded to
and fro they and their parents kept
a wary eye for suitable husband.
The girl frequently held some object
of value in her right hand as sym
Dol of what the aspirant might be
led to expect in the shape OF
dowry.
Sometimes it would be silver
spoons or silver dish, or, in the
case Of one of humble means, Z. a
homely-looking jar.
When a favorable impression had
been made, the sutton would address
the girls companion-probably the
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

keep other insects which serve them
as mich cows has long been known,
but not always clearly described or
fully understood. The little yellow
ant Qasius fiavus) is a regular minia-
ture cattle farmer. according to late
authority. keeping fiocks or herds OF
root-feeding aphides (plant-lice, or
green fiies) in its nest. This ant col
lects from the leaves of the common
daisy the eggs Of a species of
aphides. which live upon this plant
throughout the summer months
The little yellow ants collect these
eggs when they are laid upon the
daisy plants in September and Oc-
tober and carry them away to their
nests. Here the eggs are taken care
OF all through the winter, until early
March, when the little aphides APP
pear. AS soon as the young aphides
are strong enough the ants carry
them from the nest and place them
on the tender young leaves Of the
daisies. Here they stay and every
day the yellow ants come and milk
their insect cows throughout the
spring and summer.
The milk contained in the aphides
is sugary fluid which they secrete.
and can be tempted to discharge
through two small tubes at the rear
of the body when the aphides are
properly handled. The ants under
stand precisely how to tickle or mas.
sage the aphides, for they rub the lit
tie insects with their antennae and
in a few moments the sugary fluid
begins to flow. when the ant eagerly
laps it up. The ants do not, how
ever, keep this for themselves. So
soon as they have sucked up all that
they can hold in their little gullet.
pouches, they hasten to the nest and
give this sweet fluid to the larvae
(the young ants) or to the workers
who are doing special labor in the
nest The fluid thus takes the place
c. milk. and the aphides are the real
ants cows.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21
BLUE GLASS Keeps FLIES Away

ange hue, the flies entered in large
numbers and seemed at ease. The
conclusion drawn from these and
similar experiments was that white,
yellow, and orange rays are light to
the fly while the other colors, par
ticularly blue, are dark to it.
If further investigation should con-
firm these conclusions, it is possible
that lowers of light-blue glass could
be provided for workshops, stores
and even hospitals, where abundant
ventilation is desirable, and so make
screens unnecessary.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21
Why POTATO SEEDS Are Worth $500 THlMBLEFUL

IF thimbleful Of potato seeds are
worth Sc what will be the cost Of
bushel of potatoes? This ques-
ton is not asked primarily for the
purpose of finding a solution Of the
high cost of a staple food Of the
daily diet, but it will surprise most
people to learn that there really are
such things as potato seeds. Accord.
ing to experimenters, potatoes have
been grown so long from cuttings
that they are getting out of the habit
Of producing seed
Potato seed is in great demand
and is actually worth S. thimbleful
when the thimbIeful can be secured
according to Prof. Edward F. Bige-
low, who, in the Guide to Nature,
tells an amusing tale of his efforts
to obtain the seed of this exceeding
ly comon food-product. Prof. Bige-
low says that he has been told every
where that potato seed can be had
"by the bushel," but he rarely finds
any In Maine he says that he is
Informed that 1t is plentiful in Ohio,
and in Indiana they refer him to
Michigan.
Thirteen years ago." says Prof.
Bigelow, Il originated the annual
summer school of nature-study at
the Connecticut Agricultural Col
lege, Storrs, Connecticut, and was
the director of the first session. One
of the members of the staff at that
session was Prof Gully, the horticul-
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

OF seconds to less than OIL seconds,
and is non-rhythmic. The up-stroke
Of P is quicker than the down-stroke
In the second figure, the frequency
of the heart is 80. There are the
same vibrations in the duration of
the diastole.
During the very brief interval be.
tween the taking Of Figs. and 8
conclusive gasps and slow contrac-
ton Of the skeletal muscles occurred
In Fig. the change is remarkable,
and the frequency of the ventricle
has increased to GO per minute.
The remaining completes vary in
their detailed form, but are similar
in general outline. In Fig. 4 there
are no evidences of coordinate ven
tricular contraction, and in Fig. all
movement ceased permanently, the
patient having died.
When the heart takes a sudden
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

maker doing big business says that
clogs are coming more and more into
vogue.
Hundreds of London school chill
dren are now wearing clogs, which
cost about three shillings a pair
(about 70 cents), and London County
Council school teachers have been
providing clogs for ill-shod pupils,
who have been paying for them by
weekly instruments Of three pence.
''rhe price of leather" states a
writer, may make it necessary for
the city man of the future to clatter
to business in his clogs.
For country wear one can buy an
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21
WhereWHITSUNDAY Is Brides Day

marriage broker or saleswoman
whose business it was to act as me-
dunn in these transactions-and par
ticulars of his name. address, age
and prospects would follow in due
course.
The question of "her" dowry would
then receive consideration, and If the
union was a suitable one from ali
points of view. the marriage sales
woman received a fee for her SER
vices.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

In exact line with that of the tele-
scope Of the galvanometer pole-piece.
The resistance box is shown on the
shelf Of the galvanometer table.
THE electro-cardiograph," ex-
plains Samuel Cohen in the Electro
cal Experimenter, traces it's indica-
ton of conditions In the heart by
curves on the Photographic film.
These heart pictures are as charac-
teristic as finger prints or photo
graphs. No two individuals hearts
beat alike, and the electro-cardio-
graph, by its extremely delicate reg
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

"HAT flies will avoid a room
which is lighted with windows
of certain colors is the conclu-
sion recently reached by two Eng
lish experimenters. A room was fit
ted with blue-glass windows, having
horizontal axes and it was found that
when they were placed obliquely so
that the light inside looked blue from
the outside, hardly any flies entered
the room.
On the other hand, when the win
dows were Of white, yellow, or or
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

heart beats has always been a
y mystery to medical science that,
until now, baffled all attempts at So
luton. However, in view of the
hearts most important function-it
is the body's dynamo-scientists con-
tinued persistently to make re.
searches which at last have termi-
mated successfully in the perfection
Of delicate electrical machine
called the electro cardiograph," that,
with almost supernatural power, &C
curately records true record OF a
human heart.
The electro-cardiograph is de-
scribed as a modified galvanometer.
consisting Of very powerful mag
netic field produced by an electro
magnet and excited by constant
direct current, such as the current
given by storage battery. A very
short air gap is made between the
poles Of the magnet and in this
powerful field a fine quartz filament
or fibre is stretched. Delicate ad-
justing means are provided for con-
trolling the tension of this wire.
A small diaphragm is placed on the
centre Of this, which closes two small
holes that extend through in each
pole piece. These holes are the con-
densing microscopes and the project
ing microscope to focus a fine beam
of light to strike moving photo
graphic film.
If the wire is slightly displaced by
the passage Of an electric current
through it, it will naturally displace
the small diaphragm and in turn per-
NIT the fine beam Of light to pass
through the openings and strike the
film placed opposite to the projecting
lamp throwing out the fine beam of
light. 1t will, therefore, be seen that
by displacing the quartz wire in
certain movements record will
be made on the film accordingly. This
quartz filament Is connected to
bridge of proper dimensions and also
to special terminals which are con-
nected to the patient whose heart is
to be examined.
These terminals are three IN mum.
her and are made of German silver
plates, each Of them being fitted with
binding posts connected to the leads.
connecting the plates with the SEN
sitive galyanometer and bridge cir
cult.
Two of the plates are secured to
the arms Of the patient, while the
third terminal is strapped around the
left ankle.
Proper care is taken to see that
the electrical connection between the
body and the terminal is of low re-
sistance, and for this purpose wet
cloth which is saturated with a 20
per cent. salt solution is placed be.
tween the foot and plate and again
the cloth is wrapped about the plate.
The bridge circuit is balanced so
that the resistance of the electrical
path between terminals is constant,
and this Is obtained when the quartz
string or filament Of the galvanome-
ter Is in zero position.
It is evident that slight addition
of current to the galvanometer cir
cult will cause displacement Of the
filament, which is recorded on the
film. Since the contraction Of the
heart creates an electric current, as
found by various scientists, and as
the intensity Of this current depends
upon the intensity Of the heart con-
traction, It is, therefore. obvious that
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21
How ANTS Keep Their OWN Mich COWS

are the iongest-lived of all insects,
having kept queen ants for II and Is
years, during which they worked.
were perfectly healthy and active
and laid eggs every year from which
workers were produced.
Ants vary in their habits. accord.
ing to species and place of living,
almost as much as men. That they
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

a new crop; it is really but a sort OF
cutting as one might cut twigs OF
willow and set them in the ground
to produce new trees. Like grating,
it produces it's own kind.
But when we plant potato-seed
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

eight or ten balls. Nearly all have
been vestigial.
In the 13 years not more than 80
large, smooth, round perfect speci-
mems have reached me. AS a result
of my efforts during the past summer,
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21
THERE is a seeming incongruity

NHERE IS seeming lHCUHSTuIty
in speaking of oxygen as
poison; yet scientists say
that it has long been known that it
a warm-blooded animal be submitted
to pure oxygen at pressure of sew
eral atmospheres it will die as
promptly and surely is il it were
in an atmosphere of pure nitrogen.
It is pointed out that even exposures
to lesser pressures of oxygen over
a considerable time are often at
tended with fatal results. the most
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

turist of the college. This expert
in contemporaries made one day an
astonishing statement that l thought
was intended to be oratorical rather
than literally financial. When dis
coursing in regard TO the fruiting-
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

TN view of the abnormal condition
of the leather market not only in
L this country but in every coun-
try of the world, the suggestion
which has been made in London for
solving the shoe-supply problem is
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

it is like planting apple seeds, tor we
do not know what will happen. The
seeds seem to become insane and try
to produce little Of everything. For
tunate is the experimenter that finds
in the varied potato seedlings some
particular form that may be better
than the original"
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

10 to the ant, thou sluggard,''
= was the Biblical command,
needed by those who wished to
become wise, and men have learned
very much from and about ants, to
give them pause and compel admira-
ton of these wonderful insects.
Lord Avebury has proved that ants
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

| have obtained at a cost OF Sc less
than a thimbleful of the seed
Now the question is, What is 60
ing to happen to the potato crop
when no more seed is obtainable?'
Most people know that what we call
the planting of seed-potatoes is the
planting of pieces of potato to raise
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

with a microphone, the sounds made
by the contractions Of the heart are
rhythm so that the exact point in
the heart cycle of various nor
NAL and abnormal sounds may be
recorded.
"E1ectro-cardiograph records show
ing the action of the heart under GER
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21
Mystery HOW CHIEF ORGAN Human BODYS


ana the normal
o
OF in
800 times minute
trcles to
by of
The Electro-cardograph Records Below Numbered
Consecutve, Show the Heart Variations During the
Moments of the Patient Victim Of Broncho Pneumonia Note
How the Heart Started Fucuate Progressively and Finally
Stopped All Action the Right End of Figure 5.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

that a current of one-thousandth OF
4 volt will defect the filament to such
an extent that its shadow projected
on the recording film will move one
centimeter in both directions, Since
the wire is set to move a definite
amount for d known voltage of cur
rent, the DETECTION shows the amour.
Of current that caused it"
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21
THE ELEcTRo-cARDIoGRAPH

How This Sensitive Apparatus Is Connected to
the Patient to Determine How and Why the
Heart Beats and to Measure the Amount of
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-12-21

At the Right-Po-
tato Balls Which
Look Like Green
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-11-17
N. Y. BANK STATEMENT
Vaults Hold 100 Million in Excess of
Legal Requirements.

New York, Nov. 1.-THE actual
condition of clearing house banks and
trust companies for the week shows
that they hold $109, 260,310 reserve in
excess of legal requiem ents.
This is a decrease of 1870, 1870 from
last week. The statement follows:
Actual Condition.
Loans discounts, etc, $4,756 T9S,00; in
crease, $222, 9J1 go.
Cash in own vaults. members federal re-
serve banks (a) $111,711.OO; increase,
$5,1O9,000.
Reserve in federal reserve bank
OF member banks, $3.50, 600; increase,
So, 5O6, 600.
Reserve in own vaults:
State banks and trust companies Cd
500 353, 900; decrease, $7.5110O0.
Reserve in repositories
State banks and trust companies, SIS 1872,
600: decrease, ST., 914.000
"Net demand deposits, S3,41S,116OO0; de-
crease, $163, 63S, 600.
Net time deposits, S221 500, 600: increase,
CircuiGtion. s33 O37 OOO increase 81. 900.
Specie included in (a) and (b) S9I AT 900.
ct. S. deposits deducted. 1852 ,1J6. 600
Aggregate reserve, $109. 260,31O3 decrease,
S37c. i3G
Summary of state banks and trust com
panies in Greater New York not included
in clearing house statement:
Loans discounts, etc, $9395SO,9OO de-
crease, $343,30O.
Specie, S:S, 713.SOO: decrease. S21O5 400.
Legal tenders, $59,1S7, 200; decrease, $780,
Total deposits, $1.Os3. 779.1OO; increase,
$.G4G, 800
Trust companies: Cash i'll vault, $S4,5
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-11-17
A.F.L.IN POLITICS
Abandons Nonpartisan Attitude
by Vote of 215 to 21.
Changes Annual Convention to
June-BefOre Elections.

Buffalo, N. Y, Nov. 17-By a vote
of 215 to 81 the American Federation
of Labor today determined to aban-
don its life long non-partisan attitude,
and actively enter American politics
next year.
This action took the form of a reso-
luton to change the federation's con-
stitution to provide for the annual con-
vention in June of each year, a few
months prior. to the elections, instead
of late in November, after the cleo
tions.
1t is said by labor leaders to change
the entire complexion of the organized
labor movement in this country,
amounting virtually to the organiZa-
both the old time Republican and
Democrat organizations
This vote assures a strong labor
tinge to the congressional elections
next fall. The A. F. of L. convention,
hereafter, it is expected. will be looked
tial nominating convention as either
the Republican or Democratic conven-
tons
Form Stcnographers' Union.
In response to a resolution unani-
mously adopted President Gompers
named a committee to report the al
legged shortage of labor existing in
of shortage, the resolution said, was
not always based upon facts. being
raised in some instances because of a
desire of employers to substitute fe-
male for male and unskilled for skilled
labor The convention adjourned I'M
I til Monday.
Resolutions for the appointment of
organizers to form locals of office
workers and StenOgrapherS were
adopted by the convention. Women
i organizers were recommended for this
work. The unionizing of city firemen
was approved.