davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1917-09-30

of the Amazon forest to produce rubber,
and so far no plantations of any i'm
portance have been set out in that
region.
Up until about seven years ago prac-
tically all of the worlds supply Of crude
rubber came from the Amazon. 1t was
gathered by Indians, some of whom
were debt slaves. Immigrants were
also brought in from other parts of
Brazil. and groups of natives were sent
up the river during the wet season to
gather the rubber when the dry season
came. Much Of the work was done by
contract labor. and a large percentage
of the men died in the forests.
The means of gathering the sap and
turning it into rubber were rude to an
extreme, and the trees were often de-
stroyed by bad tapping. The rubber
made was from trees which / gashed
with a hatchet. the blade of which was
about two inches wide. put a tin cup
under each cash. and the next day went
from tree to tree and brought in half
a gallon of milk. l then came back to
the camp and smoked the rubber as the
Brazilians directed. 1 made q fire of
palm nuts in the corner of a shed, un-
der little clay chimney. This caused
dense smoke. into which / thrust a
wooden paddle l had dipped in the sap.
The paddle came out coated with milk.
l turnedit rapidly about in the smoke
and the rubber hardened upon 1t. ]
again thrust 1t into the bowl for .
Evening star., 1917-09-30

is dense forest which, In places.
is wider than from st. Paul to st. Louis.
This Is spotted with rubber trees. which
grow wide distances apart here and
there through the woods. They extend
over a territory one-third as large as
the whole United States. but they are
so far apart that the rubber gatherer
has to walk miles every day in collect
ing the milk from the trses he has
tapped.
During my stay in the Amazon VAL
ley I visited some of the rubber camps
and even made some rubber myself.
The rubber trees there look much like
the English ash. They grow to height
of about sixty feet. Their bark is silver
gray, but it turns black after tapping
The trunks of the full-grown trees are
as big around as a mans waist, and
after they have been tapped they swell
out at the base SO that they are much
larger. The trees blossom in August
and they bear nuts in December and
January. When the nuts are ripe the
shells burst with noise like a fire
cracker, throwing them far and wide
about the tree. There are 81 many nuts
On each tree that a man could gather
enough in a day to plant a hundred
acres of land. 1t takes. however, from
fifteen to twenty years for a wild tree
Evening star., 1917-09-30

and Herbert c. Hoover. the food director
OF the national government. A high
court these four men can be properly
called. Delicate questions are presented
to them. All important decisions rest
in them. with President Wilson, Of course,
sitting as their chief justice.
The export administrative board grants
licenses, after investigation, and has SO
many officers stenographers and clerks
that it fills a good-sized building. Vance
c. Mccormick is chairman. He repre-
sents Secretary Lansing. The representa-
tive Of Secretary Houston is AlonZo
Englebert Taylor professor of physiologi-
cal chemistry at the University Of Penn
sylvania since the year 1910 DR.. Taylor
was born in Iowa and Is forty-six years
old. In his youth he was a student at the
University Of Berlin.
Thomas D. Jones is the representative
Of Secretary Redfleld He is a wealthy
manufacturer and lives in Chicago. Presi-
dent Wilson and he were classmates at
Evening star., 1917-09-30

Point School and Cedar Point Neck
School.
Mattawoman is. of course, an Indian
name. and although a number of In
genious theories have been spun around
1t. there is no authentic Information as
to its meaning. Henry Gannett. in
bulletin that was issued by the geo
ment by the House Of Representatives.
in 1905. presents in long list 1.-The or
igin of certain place-names in the
United States" He gives the definition
of Matawan. N. J.; Matoaca, Va: Mat
tahumkeag. Me-; Mattapan. Mass: Mat
tapoisett Mass, and Mattawamkeag,
Me. He admits failure in finding the
ginia, and makes no mention of Malta
woman. Md. There are some very early
references to Mattawoman. Joshua
Graves. in his will. dated 1894. leaves
his plantation to his wife and at her
death to his son Joshua He leaves to
his daughter Dorothy 100 acres at
Porto bacco"; to his daughter Mary
son Samuel 100 acres at Mattawoman.
James Gambling Of st. Paul's parish,
Prince George county, under his will,
dated 1893. left to his daughter Mary
and her heirs a tract called the Pas
ture" at Mattawoman.
The name Smallwood is an old ono in
southern Maryland. In 1900 John
Bayne Of Charles county left part of a
tract near Piscataway creek to his
Eodson. Bayne smallwood. To another
Eodson. Bayne Griggs. he left property.
He left extensive tracts to his son Eds
Evening star., 1917-09-30

tered by the tomb and the ruinous house
the sound of thousands Of rifle shots
came with clearneSs and distnctness
that indicated proximity. The patter
and put-put Of the shots came In clus-
ters then a single, then string and
then a quick. irreguarly spaced cluster.
The men in khaki were at the targets.
ternoon. Every few minutes the sound
of gunfire came from the Indian Head
proving grounds. Sometimes 1t was the
smart crack of a three-inch rifle, some-
times 1t was the lively. vicious Smash
of a fve or six-inch gun and sometimes
it was the mighty boom of ten-inch
or heavier gun. All these patriotic
sounds rolled over the spot where rest
the bones of an officer who play
ed much more than an ordinary part
in the establishment of the republic OF
the United States. Gen. Smallwood
was not an Office soldier but battle
soldier of energy, capacity and achieve
ment.
This bit of Maryland came within
three miles of being an island, for 1t Is
that distance from the upper part OF
Mattawoman creek to the upper part
of Port Tobacco creek. or Port Tobacco
river. II a line be drawn northeast and
southeast through the Hamlet of Pom
fret From Proctor's wharf. on Mat
ing, on Port Tobacco creek. Is nine
miles in a line overland, but the steam
boat would travel forty-hve miles in
connecting those wharves. The south
ern point of the big. rounded and bulg-
ing neck of land is Maryland point, and
Evening star., 1917-09-30

campaign in 1880. In McSherry's chap
ter on the southern campaigns Is this:
During the year 177e the southern army had
been particularly unfortunate; Georgia and South
Carolina had been reconquered by the enemy and
North Carolina invaded. In this critical state Of
affairs it was resolved by Congress- that the
Maryland and Delaware lines should be dis
pa tched to reinforce that department. In April.
1850. they were accordingly detached. under the
command of Maj. Gen. De kalb. and after
marching through New Jersey and Pennsylva-
mia embarked at the head of Elk river. The first
brigade passed through the state On the 5th and
the second the 11th of May. They numbered
then about 1000 strong. They cheerfully
marched on to new fields Of glory without paus-
ing to receive the organizations of friends or
to revisit those homes to which they might never
return.
In tho disastrous battle Of Camden or
Sanders Creek. 8. c.. Smallwood, with
other Maryland officers, among them
Gen. Gist. Col. Howard. Col. Otho H.
William and Maj. Anderson. performed
valiant and meritorious service, not
Evening star., 1917-09-30

withstanding that tho American troops
were routed. De Kalb received his,
mortal wound there. The American
losses at Camden were avenged later at
the battle Of Cowpens, after Greene had
succeeded Gates In command of the
southern department. The military and
political careers of Gen. Smallwood are
easy matters to follow up by any one
who wishes to do so.
A portrait of Gen. Smallwood shows
him to have been a heshy man with
round. CHEEKY and florid face. He was
always smooth shaven- The artist has
given him one of those bow-mouths
seldom seen in strong men, but behind
the paint one can see that 1t was g.
strong mouth with full lips. The fore
head was normal as to height and
breadth and about the eyelids was that
fullness which is sometimes said to in
dicate talent in the fine arts. The por-
trait represents Gen. Smallwood as q
jolly and companionable man of ample
intelligence.
A sister Of Gen. Smallwood became
Evening star., 1917-09-30

"the cockpit of Europe" Tho Swiss
say that they have done much for
French prisoners In Germany and for
the thousands of Italian and Serbian
refugees who have fed into their
country.
But. apart from its generosity and
humanity, there are serious Swiss facts
OF much concern to America. In 1915.l
the world at peace. Switzerland bougbS
Of the United States products to the
value of ss27. 900. During the month
OF February, this year, its purchases
IN IN this country reached total OF
The year before the war Swiss sales
to Germany amounted to $2.009000. In
1915. the war in full swing, Swiss
eaa eades ooo to the the Hun amounted ed, to $dS
AS to Switzerland's export trade with
Austria Hungary, it has been multi
piled twenty-five times since the war
began.
The exports council is generously
disposed toward Switzerland a republic
like the United States. but the exports
council will stop the flow of American
products over the Swiss frontier and
land denies that any such flow has ey-
listed. The exports council Will ascer-
tain the facts in the case. and II
Switzerland is telling the truth Switxer-
land may buy in this country, provided.
always, there is surplus over the
needs of the United States and its
allies.
X x
Wheat Is scarce among the Dutch
Only six pounds of bread in eleven
days can now be eaten by each person
in the romantic country of blue dishes
and fat windmills. The Hun, sinking
Dutch ships in his policy Of 'frightful-
ness" says to Holland: "Give me food
or I will Belgiumize you"
The exports council understands Hof-
lands helpless situation. But II the
Dutch are given wheat and rye the Hun
will take both and the Dutch Will be
just as hungry as they were before.
Holland is passing through very DIM
cult times" says Lord Derby, the Brit.
ish minister Of war. I'VE respect Hol-
land because she maintains her neu-
trality," he adds. I'VE shall do nothing
to induce Holland to abandon 1t. There
is not the slightest feeling of Ill will
Gin England) toward Holland"
Lying just north of Germany, whose
soil 1t touches in one place, Denmark.
less in Its area than are the added
states OF Massachusetts and New Jer-
sey, Is as critically situated Holland
Many Danish ships have been sunk by
the Germans. Menaced by invasion. the
Danes are compelled to treat the Hun
with respect born of fear. The exports
council also realizes this condition.
Little sympathy is wasted on the busi-
Evening star., 1917-09-30

its actual purchaser In a shipment of
France, or Of ammunition to Italy. for
instance. all the facts in the case must
be given when application is made for a
license. Where did the cargo originate?
Where and to whom is it going? And by
what ship.
The exports council is composed of Sec
retary Lansing Of the Department of
State. who understands the diplomatic sit
uation of this country and Of Europe
Secretary Houston OF the Department of
Agriculture. who knows all about the
grain. meat and fodder supplies Of the
United States; Secretary Redfeld Of the
Department Of Commerce. who ia in
fprmed about foreign and domestic trade,
Evening star., 1917-09-30

TN the story Of Mattawoman creek
and the plantation Of Mattawoman
the Rambler brought his narrative
& to an end last week with . de-
scriptton of the monument which
stands above the grave of Gen. William
smallwood of the Continental army.
which was erected on July Z. 1898, by
the Maryland Society of the Sons Of the
American Revolution Tho inscription
on that monument tells that Gen Small
wood was q native Of Maryland and .
hero of tho American revolution" 1t
recites. in so far as granite letters can
recite. that he was commissioned col
onel in 177s. brigadier general in 1777.
major general in 1850; that he was Gov
ernor of Maryland in 17S5. and that he
died in February. 1893. The monument
stands on the edge of a jungle of vines.
briers and old(trees. which no doubt
cover the GRAVES of q number Of for
gotten men and women. but 10 itself
surrounded by small clearing from
which the wild growth has been cut A
vine Of virginia creeper is beginning to
weave q net of green over the granite,
which is still fresh and bright.
The tomb is perhaps less than hun
dred yards from the house in which
Cen Smallwood lived. That house was
never one of the great houses of south
ern Maryland. but it was solidly built
and had within it comfort and an air
that was lacking in some of the greater
houses of rich planters.
~.
Geu. Smallwood was a man of sound
education and Of varied experience with
many classes of his fellow men. It Ia
not recorded that he was a bookish man.
but 1t is known that he had a very good
degree of scholarship. He lived a bach
elor and the house was ample for him
self and his close friends. The house. is
nearly a ruin now, but Its dilaptdation
is not because of natural decay incident
TO age, but to a storm two or three years
ago which caused one wall to collapse.
Nearly all the time that this vine-matted
and historic house has stood people
have dwelt in 1t. OF course. the house
IS haunted, If not actually "hanted! II
would be remarkable if house could
stand in a lonley situation and close
TO n graveyard for considerably more
than a century without becoming
haunted.
The house and grave are on land 1c0
feet higher than Mattawoman creek. one
mile south of the creek and one kilo-
meter south of little bay of the creek
called Gen. Smallwoods Shipping
Point" where Gen. Smallwood's rolling
The outlook is extensive. To the north
the view is across Mattawoman creek to
Indian Head-the peninsula or neck
called Indian Head, and not the high
rounded bluff on the Potomac which Is
the Indian Head of the map and the
steamboat schedule. Two miles west
of the Smallwood house Is Stump neck.
a neck of land formed by Mattawoman
creek on the north. the Potomac river on
the west and Chicomuxen creek and bay
on the east The Winthrop marine
camp and rife range are on Stump neck.
but it may be that the government land
extends eastward across Chicomuxen
creek and to the Smallwood estate OF
Mattawoman. While the Rambler loi-
Evening star., 1917-09-30

worth. his wife Anne. his daughter Ann
ana his son Walter. The witnesses
were Ellfnor Bayne, Ellinor Beale,
a William a0a ned
under the will were Maj. James Small
wood. Col. John Addison and Col. John
Courts. John Smallwood OF Charles
county left a will dated March 20. 1898.
naming his wife Lettes. daughter Es-
ther. brother Prayer, sister Mary Mad
docks. sister Sarah, brothers Bayne.
Benjamin. Ladstone, James, Matthew,
Thomas and William and his brother-fn-
law Cornelius Maddocks.
The Smallwoods in Charles county
shown in the census Of 1890 were Gen.
William Smallwood, with two free white
males under sixteen years in his family,
Ave free white females. seven other
free persons and ffty-six slaves; Capt.
Thomas Smallwood, seven slaves. two
females and one male. in family; Led
stone Smallwood, jr.. seven slaves and
three in family: William NJ. smallwood.
one slave and three in family; Ledstone
smsllwood. ST., four in family; Pryor
Smallwood Of Ledstone. one slave and
seven in family; Bean Smallwood of
Pryor. no slaves: James Smallwood,
nine slaves and seven in family: Su
sannah Sma1lwood. six slaves and two
in family: Walter Smallwood. single,
with four slaves; Henry Smallwood,
wife. child and one slave: Ann Small
wood. single. with twelve slaves: John
and no slaves: Ann, widow of John.
Smallwood. three slaves and five in
family: Basil Smallwood. four in fam
lily and one slave: Thomas Smallwood
Hezekiah Smallwood. four in family
and one slave; Pryor Smallwood OF
Thomas. single and no slaves; Bean
Smallwood of Thomas. four in Emily
and no slaves. and Mary Smallwood.
six In family and no slaves.
Gen. William Sn13l1wood WAS horn in
Kent county. Md. in 1892, the year of
George Washington's birth. He was
aon OF Bayne Smallwood and Priscilla
Heberd. Virginia woman. His father
was merchant, planter and a member
of the Maryland legislature and at one
time was presiding officer of the court
of common pleas. William Smallwood
was sent to England to school. attend
ing first a school kept by one Thomas
Rebosk at Kendale, West Moreland, and
then attending Eton.
4*
Gen. Sma1lwood's military career be-
gan as an officer in the colonial con-
tingent from Maryland in the French
and Indian war. With 1.4o0 men he set
out from Annapolis for Boston on April
"a. 1775. His troops were incorporated
in Lord Sterling's brigade. In the Long
Island campaign he shared in the dis
tinction which fell to the Maryland
Line. His men fought at White Plains.
where Smallwood was wounded; at
Princeton. Trenton, Staten Island. Ger
mantown and Brandywine. After the
death Of De Kalb. Smallwood was pro-
NOTED to tho command of division.
After the Princeton and Trenton fight
ing Washington noted in his military
correspondence that "Smallwood's
troops had been reduced to a mere
handful of men. but they took part in
the engagement with their usual gal
lantry and won great renown."
Gen. Smallwood performed especially
noteworthy service in the southern
Evening star., 1917-09-30
BY JAMES B. MORROW.

BY JAMES b. MORROW.
tho tho =, Hun y, v.ts,, Is In his his
WV is burning the homes of work
ingmen. chopping down the
orchards Of toiling French farmers. drop
ping dynamite on the tagged shelters Of
the wounded. torpedoing hospital ships
or is otherwise engaged in diffusing his
abhorrent and degenerate 'kultur"
throughout the world. he pauses three
times a day to renew his strength with
food.
German fields and nocks are not SUI
flcient. Stores OF grain and meat must be
obtained in other countries. Pork and
wheat, fats and fish and iron for his
weapons and his ammunition pour across
Evening star., 1917-09-30

ness men. on the court or on the aris-
tocracy of Sweden. The common people,
however, are suffering. The food that
they should eat is gathered up and sent
to Germany. Immense quantities Of
grain, since 1914, have been bought IN
this country by Swedish spectators ana
sold to the Hun at fabulous pricea-
Royal money-makers. Germans a4 heart.
amid the hunger of their own peopls.
have brought Sweden to the o6Oo ct
ruin.
Copyright, 1917, BY James .. lesesHo-
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-04-06
DUPONT LONG RUN TROPHY
PROPOSITION CONTINUES

The DUPONT long run trophy propo-
sition which proved so popular among
trapshooters during 1915 and 1916
Will be continued this year with few
minor changes. During the operation
Of the plan in 1917 an attractive watch
fob will be awarded TO amateur and
professional trapshooters for their
first straight run OF so targets or over.
For each additional run Of 80 or over
the shooter will receive bar for at
tachment TO his fob. the width OF the
bar dependent upon the length of his
run. When an amateur has made 10
runs Of so straight or better he is
awarded a standard, Open-face II
jewel watch with a 25-year guaran-
teed case, either lady's or gentlaman's
model A professional is required 10
make 25 long runs in order to win
~ 81 Lhf,s 4rOpbies.
AZ soon as "a shooter has made a
sifiieien6 number. 90 runs TO win a
watch. he may s16ff ciimpeting for an
other. II should be. pndacstoQds how
ever. that the long fnn, trophy ~ inner
has the privilege OF taking nltrolfqnd-
Use to the value of 500 Instead If the
second or third watch which he I08y
win. MA
During 1917 instead OF awarding the
shooter a second long run trophy fob
for his sixteenth run. he will be given
a pair of appropriate and attractive
cuff links. Should he make sufficient
number OF long runs this year to en-
title him to third fob he will be
sent a handsome scarf pin instead OF
another fob. A bar will also be sent
to the shooter in addition to the cuff
links or scarf pin for attachment TO
his first fob. II a shooter has won one
or more fobs during 1915.and 1916. be
will not be awarded another one in
1917. Cuff links will be sent him in
stead OF the first fob he wins this
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-04-06
HARLAN'S HAVE BALL TEAM.

The Mould Loft Department OF the
II. & H. Corporation has organized a
baseball team for the coming year. The
tenn viii be picked from forty-nine
candidates who have played on some
~ the fastest clubs OF the east and
wnet afnonR them being the strong
Fremont Club OF Boston, Detroit A. c.,
Patterson. aud Delta Club Of Balti-
more Games are now being arranged
with Newport News. Baltimorc, Car
neys. Camden. qFora River and the
Sun Company, Of Chester. Practice
will start tomorrow, weather permits
ting. on the company's new South Side
grounds. The contract for the uni
forms has been given.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-04-06
tirace.
Goals

Fouls committed-Young Friends,
9; Grace, 10.
Referee - Gemmill. Timekeeper -
Hampton.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-04-06
HEATING AND ROOFING.
SANITARY WORKERS.
REMOVAL NOTICE.

DR. WILLIAM II. MORRIS. DENTIST.
IL mas removed TO No. 500 West street.
iune2T.tf.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-04-06
YADKIN VALLEY wins
MILFORD field trials

MEDFORD. y. j., April 6.--Huff's
Yadkin Valley wins! With this an
nouncement yesterday by the judges
Of the twelfth field trials of the Eng
lish Setter Club of America at the
close Of the members all-age class,
which was decided over a stretch Of
typical hunting country about five
miles outside Of Medford, there was
shout of applause from the specta
tors that even the threatening clouds
could not check Yadkin Valley, true
TO her breeding and setter type, ran
a spectacular and thrilling race. In
a few words, Yadkin Valley showed
excellent speed. good range. found and
pointed birds in an intelligent manner
and. lastly. was obedient All this
evidences the palnstaking care that
was given her in her early training
days by c. T. HUFF Of East Ben n. c..
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-04-06
When Down, Fighters Stay Down

Omitted Press STAFF Correspondent.
NEW YORK, April 6.-Once again
II has been demonstrated to the fight
public that once a fighter Is down he
never starts up again Il is a truth
that has stood in spite OF anything. In
the long list OF sorappers who have
bruised themselves for the amusement
OF the public there is just one whose
record stands 10 belle the statement
Joe Rivers came to New York a
short time ago and announced that a
new Joe was going to show that he
could come back and fight as OF old.
He was going to emulate Stanley
ketchel, who was dropped once and
lived to see the day when he recovered
his lost laurels the same way.
Time was when Joe Rivers was the
par excellence of boxing. He was a
marvel at placing his hands. And he
could hit. His brown fists carried more
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-04-06
WILMINGTON ENDS CLUB
SHOOTING season SATURDAY

Members Of the Wilmington Trap
shooting Association realize that they
are not going 10 have everything their
own way in the league match against
Camden here tomorrow. The Jersey
ties are next to last place in the
league race, but they have a strong
seam nevertheless. and il all their
good shooters turn out. the contest
will not be a one-sided affair by any
means.
The local club has been shooting
in fine form recently, and is not even
considering the possibility OF ending
the season with defeat chalked up
against IT, The match will be close,
but Il should be decided in favor OF
the Wilmington club.