davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1917-03-18

is far behind other nations in the care
il enforces with regard to birth regis
tration." According to DR.. Meigs, the
birth records afford the only source
from which the health officer and the
visiting nurse can secure the name ana
address of every baby. so that the COM
munity can send to the family In ad.
verse circumstances a knoWleose Oh
hygiene and sanitation which may save
the life Of child. She referred TO Il
statement made by DR.. Josephine Baker
of the bureau of hygiene of New york
city, who says
The birth record is perhaps the
starting point of about IS per cent OF
our effective baby-saving work.
Under the present system we use the
information contained on the birth re-
turns in order that a nurse may be
sent at once to see the mother ana pui
her in touch with the various agencies
that may be of service to her and at the
same time give her instruction IN papy
care"
The passage last year of the national
child-labor law has given new emphasis
to the question of birth registration.
Those who urged the passage OK the
law now urge the necessity of uniform.
complete registration on the basis or
it's effective enforcement To aid In
this the children's bureau suggests
test of the completeness OF birth regis
tration in cities, towns and country dls-
ganizations Such test already has
been made in many places as de-
velopment Of the bureaus policy TO CO.
operate with women's organizations IN
any effort which ultimately Will result
in saving babies lives and safeguard
ing their rights.
Other benefits of birth registration. as
pointed out by DR.. Meigs. result In
protection for children at school and at
work Enforcement of child-labor laws
and compulsory education laws shouid
dovetail, and both must rest on basis
of birth registration. The legislatures
enact laws prescribing ages WITHIN
which children shall attend school ana
below which they shall be protected
from ",nployment but the state can
not enforce these laws justly II II pos
sesses no pubic record of the age OF the
children.
The children's bureau also instances
cases where registration OF birth pro-
tects property and property rights
There is hardly Il relation in life. from
the cradle to the grave. in Wnich such
"A record may not prove 10 be or the
greatest value" said DR.. MeiGs
Her Investigations and reports in
child hygiene go back to the mother
and in this connection she has under
taken a study of maternal mortality as
a direct corollary to the inquiry or the
children's bureau on infant mortality.
The sickness or death of the babys
mother inevitably lessons the chances
Of the baby for life. She states that
maternal mortality. although in great
measure preventable, is not decreasing
in the United States. and In report
recently issued she reveals an uncon-
scious public neglect. due to age-long
Evening star., 1917-03-18
Baby
tiom and Preservation of the American Baby

Ignorance and fatalism. She believes
that as soon as the public realizes the
facts as they are 1t Will dpuotl'sS
awaken to action, and suitable pfoVi-
sion for maternal and infant Weliafe
will become an integral part OF all plans
for local protection for public health.
In 1915" said DR.. Meigs, at least
5000 women. 1t is estimated aiea
from conditions caused by chlidpir'h.
Physicians and statisticians agree tuat
these figures are great underestimate
This death rate is but a little lower
than that from typhoid fever, ana no
decrease is apparent from avallaple sta-
tistics. 1t is rather slsnlncaht lacs
to face that only two or a group OF
fifteen important countries show hlgher
rates from this cause than the rate in
the registration area of the Chlted
States. The rates of three countries
Sweden, Norway and Italy, which are
notably low, show that low rates iof
these conditions are attainable.
Giving a summary of her report upon
this subject DIR. Meigs says
The low standards at present exist,
ing in this country result chleny IRON
two causes-the first, genera 'smIt
ance of the dangers connected Win
childbirth and of the need Tor proper
hygiene and skilled care In order 10
prevent them; the second. oi1hcuits IN
the provision of adequate care due 70
special problems characteristic OF inns
country.
improvements will come about only
through general realization or the
necessity for better care at chliuplIln- H.
If women demand better care, pnysl-
clans will provide 1t, medical coileses
will furnish better training IN op-
stetrics and communities Will realiLe
the vital Importance OF cominuhity =,
measures to insure good care LOT al
classes of women"
DR.. Meigs took an active part In en-
couraging and outlining plans Tor the
baby week campaign of 1915, the llrs'
nation wide campaign of this cnarac-
ter. That this was pronounced SUI
cess was proved by the fact that more
than 1000 committees scattered over
every state in the Union observed the
occasion Forty-sevn of the ffty cltles
with more than 100000 population hao
baby weeks.
The baby week celebrations Si @ ~
bid fair to be even bigger ana more
worth while than last years; ana me
children's bureau makes the following
suggestions concerning them:
Have your baby week from the ist
to the 9Th of May, If possible. ms
date has been agreed upon by the chli-
dren's bureau and the General Feuera- :
tion of Women's Clubs as the time hest
suited to the varying conditions OF oli-
ferent states.
Remember the older babies, AS one
woman stated it: "It requires only
twelve months for a baby TO become
one year old and no longer SUBJECT 70
the hazards of infant mortality. put
there are still many risks for MIN to
encounter. He is still absolutely help-
less. although increasingly charming.
and his parents are as eager 10 keep
him well and happy and as desirous OF
Evening star., 1917-03-18

meeting at which all was supposed to
be harmony an attempt was made by
the Indians and some treacherous
Dutchman. who sought to betray the
English. to kill Smith.
This failed and explanations were
given and accepted, but that night,
when the English company were to
stay not far from the Indians, cotem-
porary chroniclers relate that Pow
hatan and his Dutchmen bursting with
desire to have the head of Captain
Smith, for if they could but kill him
they thought all was theirs, neglected
not any opportunity to effect his pur-
pose making ready his forces
to surprise the house and him at sup
per.
Notwithstanding the eternall all-see-
ing God did prevent him, and by
strange means. For Pocahontas. his
darke night came through the irksome
woods, and told our Captaine great
cheere should be sent us by and by;
but Powhatan and all the power he
could make would after come ana XIII
us all if they that brought 1t could not
kill US with our own weapons when We
were at supper Therefore If we would
live she wished us presently to be gone
Such things as she delighted in he
would have given her: but with tho
said she burst not be scene to have
any; for If Powhatan should know it.
she We're but dead. and so she ranne
away by herself as she came"
This is the scene which the sculptor
has chosen in which to depict Poca-
hontas and the strained. anxious
countenance and attitude of the Indian
girl tell how serious her warning was.
The Englishmen took her at her word,
and when the surprise came were pre-
pared to meet it and at the same time
to keep a superficial peace with Pow
hatan, and once more was preserved
the remnant of the jamestown colony.
Soon after this Capt. Smith return
ed to England. and. left without his
leadership. the colony encountered the
utmost distress. for it became another
starving time and blood and pillage
followed in its wake. 1t was at this
time that Pocahontas was again called
Evening star., 1917-03-18

Of one year. calculation based on
census figures indicates that in the ten
year period between the last two emu
merations of the census more than
100000 of the children born in this
country died before they had reached
the age of one year
To bring these appalling figures more
strikinRly home. the childreu's bureau
has made n striking illustration of the
ease by saying that if Chicago, the sec
ond city of the United States, were
wiped out of existence once every ten
years, not a single life being saved
1t would correspond to the infant NOR
tality of the United States during that
period.
To aid in bringing about the enforce
ment Of birth registration in the United
States Is one of the lines of her work
on which DIR. Meigs lays particular
stress; as being the first step in safe
guarding the newborn child.
1T is a national aid in child well
fare" she says. "and the United States
Evening star., 1917-03-18

sound advice as they were last year.
Open out the baby week campaign TO
include all children still at home with
their mothers.
for. healthy mothers are necessary for
the health and happiness of their ba-
bies Find out what your community
is doing to insure to every mother
skilled advice and adequate care before
her baby is born, and give the import
ance of protecting the mother promi-
nent place in the educational work of
the campaign.
And one word to communities where
infantile paralysis has been epidemic: 4:
Mothers should be urged to leave the
babies home during baby week. Any
features of the campaign involving the
bringing together of numbers of babies
must of course be omitted, but such
features are not essential to the inter-
est and success of a campaign. And
baby week will afford an excellent op-
portunity for giving information as to
the proper physical training of chill
dren with paralyzed muscles.
Regarding baby week campaigns, DR..
Meigs says:
THE baby week campaigns are pri-
marily educational. Their purpose is
twofold; first, to give to the parents
of community the opportunity of
care of their babies; second. to make
known to a community the Importance
of its babies, the special facts relating
to the babies of the community and the
need of permanent work for their well
fare.
Just as important as the campaign
Of baby week is the follow-up cam
paign which should succeed it. One OF
the two main objects of baby week is
to bring before the public realiza-
ton of the facts relating to the baby
welfare in the community and the need
OF greater efforts on the part of the COM
munlty to protect its babies. II tins
has been successful, at the end of baby
week the time will be ripe for the urg-
ing of specific programs for the well
fare of babies.
Some communities may find it wise
to concentrate during baby week on
one particular phase of work, here an
especially good opportunity will be
given for follow-up work. Before dis
solving. the executive committee of
the baby week campaign should ap-
point committee to make plans Tor
follow-up work. The local health de-
partment should be represented on this
committee
In committees where the city health
departments are already carrying on
good medical and nursing work Tor
mothers and babies, where the mllK
supply is properly safeguarded where
birth registration is prompt and COM
plete, the folloW-up campaign VIII nat
urally be directed toward giving these
public activities continued Intelligent |
support and VIII emphasize the need OF
studying the city's responsibility Tor
better sanitation, housing and indus
trial conditions.
I'm cities where little money is al
lowed the city departments for tins
purpose, a follow-up campaign may
help in obtaining such popular support
that these departments can take up
such work. The follow-up campaigns
here will also help private organiza-
tions. The stimulation Of closer CO.
operation among all agencies interest
ed in infant welfare should be one OF
Evening star., 1917-03-18

month. and 1882, or IL per cent. die
within one year. A some what, startling
comparison is made to the effect that
the child at birth has just the same
chance to live a month as has the
native white man of 102 years of age
or the native white woman of ninety
nine
There are no complete records for the
United States as whole which show
aow many babies are born and how
many babies die year by year, but the
census bureau estimates that approx
mately 100000 babies die yearly in the
United States before reaching the age
Evening star., 1917-03-18

(noe waye leade soc farr foorth as
mans weakness may permytt, with the
unbridled desire of carnall affection)
for the goode of the plantation. the
glorye of God for myne owne salvacion.
and for the convertinge to the true
knowledge Of God and Jesus Chryst an
unbeHeVinge creature, namely, Poka-
huntas-to whome my. hart and best
thoughte are and have byn 1onge time
so intangled & inthralled in soc intri-
cate laborinth. that l was even
awearied to unwynde my selfe there
out. But Almighty God who never
faileth those that truely invocate His
holy name, hattie *s"ss
at your command most willinge to
be desposed. 10. ROLFE."
A fac-simile reproduction of this
manuscript was presented to the Poca-
hontaS Memorial Association by David
l. Bushnell.
Powhatan looked favorably upon the
marriage Of his daughter with the
Englishman, and to his credit be it said
that he made it a bond of genuine
peace with the white men as long as
he lived. He did not himself attend
the marriage ceremony in the church
of jamestown, the tower of which still
stands in memory of that day. but sent
his brother. Opachisco, and his son,
Nantauquas. with younger brother
of the bride. to witness the ceremony
This elder brother of Pocahontas was
described by Smith as being "the most
manifest. comeiieSt, boldest spirit ever
saw in savage"
These characteristics are depicted in
the painting of the marriage of Poca-
hontas by Henry Brueckner. the stall
wart figure of the brave standing con-
Others shown in the wedding group are
Sir Thomas Dale, occupying the seat Of
honor at the right of the officiating
minister. the faithful Alexander Whit
4 he, ttnr Ci-T hn,, Cot
Capt George Percy, Henry Spelman.
whose life Pocahontas saved from the
hand of her father: William Spence,
Thomas Savage. Thomas Powell. Wife
and child; Mrs. Horton and grandchild.
Mrs John Rolfe and child. who were
relatives of the bridegroom: Mrs. Ed
Easton and child. and Opachisco. uncle
of the bride, with her younger brother.
All of these portraits are believed to
be actual likeneSSes.
The young Indian wife 1abored hard
to adopt the formal and civill' man.
ners of the English lady she had be-
come, and there has never been any
evidence contrary to the belief In her
happiness and that of her husband.
Their home was for time at James
town. again on Rolfes estate at Farina,
near what is now the city of Richmond.
When. two years later, koite TOOK ms
Wife to England. he also carried their
little son, named Thomas, in honor OF
the governor of the colony.
That she was well received at the
English court is known from a manu-
script of the time of James l. wherein
Sir Dudley Carleton wrote that the
Virginia woman Pocahontas. with her
father counsellor, hath been with the
king and graciously used. ana ooth
she and her assistant well placed at
the masque. She is upon her return.
though sore against her will" It this
time also she saw The Tempest, the
Frst American woman to be connected
with Shakespeare,
While she was in England her por-
trait was painted no less than twice.
possibly three times. once by the order
of King James for the royal gallery
This is the familiar portrait of Poca-
Evening star., 1917-03-18
Reviews of New Books

1t possesses. besides. fairness OF 1udG-
ment that, at once, commends II To the
reader an authoritative exposition
within the scope assumed by the writer
Passing beyond the war, Mr.. Wells dis
cusses the social changes that are in
progress around it. and the still greater
changes that the end of the struggle
has already outlined.
ULYSSES $. GRANT. BY Louis Cool
idge. With portraits. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Company
This readable story of the life of
Grant is designed by the publishers as
a part of their American Statesman
Series" Mr.. Coolidge has had broad
training in the art of popular writing.
in a kind of writing whose authorita-
tive quality is not marred by the fact
that it is addressed to the great mass
of average readers. This study OF
Grant is an admirable example of the
story telling power of the author
Many things in the way of new mate
rial have come into the hands of Mr..
Coolidge for use in this biography. The
use of these facts gives a fresh note to
the story and fills out pages that have
hitherto been left incomplete in the
story of Grants life. Another notable
excellence in this writer's work is the
emphasis of which he makes use to
give "A properly balanced view of the
subject. Since the story of Grant as
soldier has already received such
largess of attention, Mr.. Coolidge here
restores the study to its right proper
tions by stressing the facts of Grants
career subsequent to the civil war. de-
veloping with the utmost care and in
sight his success. as President, "in set
ting our feet firmly in the paths of
peace and in establishing our credit
with the nations of the world" The
whole is an admirably proportioned.
clear and intereSting study of great
DUNSANY THE DRAMATIST. BY Ed
ward Hale Bierstadt. Illustrated.
Boston: Little, Brown & Co,
Eight plays-all of them short and
several of them of the popular one-act
sort--have served to bring into an en-
thusiastic recognition Lord Dunsany. or
Edward John Moreton Drax Plunkett.
eighteenth baron of his line. nephew OF
the we'll known Sir Horace Plunkett
who worked long to introduce and
teach cooperative agriculture among
the peasants of Ireland. This study
gives an outline and critical analysis
of the Dunsany plays. placing in high
lirht the qualities that stamp them with
a peculiar dramatic beauty and power
a something different from the power
of Yeats or Synge or others Of the new
dramatic movement in Ireland. The
study contains, too. a group of Dun
sanp's letters, as illuminating of his
personality and even of his philosophy
as the plays themselves. Preceding
these two concrete bodies of the Dun
sany craft is a graphic picture OF the
man himself-a rather naughty and ro-
mantle figure. a soldier and poet, with
Evening star., 1917-03-18

upon to make sacrifice for the English.
this time unwittingly and unwillingly.
Capt. Argall, in command of one OF
the ships of the company. went to try
to obtain food from JapaZaws. chief of
the Potomacs. Learning that Pocahon-
tas was staying among these people,
the desperate captain concocted
hazardous scheme for wiling the In
dian girl on board. He managed this
through the offer of a copper Kettle
and other "toies" to JapaZaws and his
wife. and they brought Pocahontas on
board.
The Indian girl was detained and
message sent to Powhatan that he
must ransom his daughter with our
men. swords. pieces and tools he
had stolne." Pocahontas
was taken with the boat to jamestown,
where she remained for year a Will
ing prisoner. because in this case Cay
Evening star., 1917-03-18

BY OF GALLERY.

tivity had its reward, for it was during
this period that she formed the ac-
Quaintance of John Rolfe. who hao
come over the wear before with the new
governor of the colony. Sir Thomas
Dale.
The conversion, baptism, adding the
new name of Rebecca. bond of peace"
and the marriage of Pocahontas and
John Rolfe are familiar facts. The
Rolfe's request for the governors per-
mission to marry Pocahontas was re-
Gently uncovered in the manuscript col /
lection at Rodleian Library at o&iofd'
England 1t is as follows:
Lett therefore this my well advised
protestacion. which here l make be-
tweene God and my owne conscience
be a sufficient wytnes, at the dreadful
Day of judgement (when the secrets
of all mems hartes shall be opened) to
condemne me herein VI my chiefe in
tent & purpose be not to stryVe with all
my power OF boldly and mynde in the
undertakings of soc waighty matter
Evening star., 1917-03-18

as well of all occupations as them
Selves
When he presented her cause before
Queen Anne in London Smith himself
speaks thus of that delivery:
After some six weeks of fatting
among these Salvage courtiers she haz-
arded the beating out of her owne
braines to save mine" This was surely
ship between the two, which was to
endure to the end of the life of the Lit
tie Snow feather" Neither had she
saved Smiths life that he might die of
hunger with the starving colony dur
ing the following hard winter, as doubt
less they should have done had not the
little Indian maid brought them stores
of food. for according to other chroni
clers of the time: Ever once in foure
OF Ave days. Pocahontas. with her at
tendants. brought him so much provi-
sion that saved many of their lives, that
els for all this had starved with hun
plenty he had scene >. and the state
and bountie of Powhatan (Which till
that time was unknowne) so revived
their dead spirits Especially the love
of Pocahontas Jas all mems feare was
abandoned"
A third time she brought union out
of discord when, after an encounter
with the savages by John Smith and
his capture of two or three of them,
Powhatan' sent his messengers and
his dearest daughter. PocahoBtas, with
presents to excuse him fthe injuries
done by some rash untoward captaines
his subjects, desiring their liberties for
this time with the assurance of his love
forever" The willy chief did wisely in
sending his daughter. for Smith "deliv-
cred them to Pocahontas for whose
sake only he fayned to have saved their
lives and gave them lbertie.''
At this period of outward peace and
unison between the Indians and the
white men many evidences We're given
of good will. but in the savage breast
of Powhatan there yet lurked suspi-
cion, envy and the desire to kill At
Evening star., 1917-03-18

The second portrait, painted IN In
gland since 1916, by an unknown artist
was copied by Sully in 1880. as the
original was falling to pieces. The
latter had been presented by its En-
giish owners, with one of John Rolfe.
to a direct descendant Of Pocohontas
and her husband. Mr.. Ryland Randolph
Of Turkey Island, Va
This painting is regarded as true
likeness. since several of the descend
ants of the Indian princess have inher-
tied the same wide brow and deep
semblance to this portrait Of the NON
pareil of Virginia" as she was termed
by Capt John Smith.
The third painting of Pocahontas is
also represents her supple
little son, who wears a belt of wam-
pun. This bears the stamp of authen-
ticity by reason of the fact that the
Rolfes, Mrs. J. Girdlestone pos
sesses the earrings of shell which
are faithfully depicted in the portrait
The picture itself is the property Of
Holcombe Ingleby, esq, of Sedgeford
Hall, Norfolk. England.
What the little Indian princess from
warm Virginia thought of foggy Lon
don of those days it is easy to con-
lecture, and when she was taken to
Heacham Hall, the family home of the
Rolfes. near Norfolk, the cruel winds
of that gray eastern coast must have
made her long for the balmy summer
breeZes of jamestown.
Doubtless she visited the parish
church at Heacham, not unlike familiar
Jamestown's house of worship. There
she saw the grave of her father-in- Law,
for he died when her husband was a
boy of nine. A brass tablet in the
church sets forth to this day, albeit in
Latin. the fact that John Rolfe, senior.
'profited his own family much in life.
and wished all his neighbors and rela-
tions through himself to be of greater
worth by helping the poorer with his
means" with more to this purpose. A
rubbing of this interesting tablet was
recently made and presented to the