davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
"Nether Shall There Be Any More Pain"

cleanse the wound by saving fresh gauze
back and forth through it, and this without
a culver. Until he saw the fresh bandages
in position, he refused to believe that the
old ones had been removed.
Leaving with the doctors of the Verdun
front all the solution he had on hand, Ed
wards returned to England. II was at Man
chester a month later that a letter reached
him from the chief surgeon of the Second
Army, asking him TO return with more solu-
ton at once. The letter continued in what
to Edwards seemed immortal words Wounds
have healed normally without suppuration
and with a total absence of all secretion
at was a bombshell. Why, wondered the
engineer, had he never followed up the in
formation contained in the first letters from
the Russian and the japanese? If nikalgn
was good against gas gangrene, IL applied
in time, il would naturally serve splendidly
against ordinary pus
"Once more he met the surgeon inspector
allow much solution have you brought
asked the latter
"'Twenty-ive gsllons-about a hundred
litres.'
"The Frenchmsn tossed his hands In dis
may. A hundred litres will last one hos
pital only ten days. What shall we do when
they are gone? What about the other hos
pitfalls? We must have enough nikalgin to
keep the entire army flooded. Whatever is
useful in one military hospital is needed in
all of them
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
Chairman Garfield

THERE may be few who do not know
L that DR.. Harry A. Garfield, the coun-
try's fuel administrator and head of the
committee regulating the price of wheat,
is the oldest son Of the late President
] ames A. Garfield. From 1908 up to the
time of his recent government appoint
nIent he was president of Williams Col
lege. He was born in Ohio in 1868. His
father was a graduate of Williams in the
class of '56, and was on his way to Will
Jamestown to attend the reunion of his class
when he was assassinated.
DR.. Garfield was professor of politics at
Princeton when he was called to the presi-
Gency of Williams College, and before that
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
Alexieff

IRON 1908 until April Of this year Gen
L eral Michael V. Alexieff was chief
Of staff of the Kiev military district. Then
came the beginning of the series of
changes in appointment that has just re-
suited in his being made chief Of staff, and
virtually commander, upon Kerensky's as
sumption Of nominal command Of the Rus
sian army. Upon the resignation Of Gen
eral Russky, on April 8, General Alexieff
was appointed chief of staff of the army on
the northern front. On April 10, soon af-
ter the enforced retirement of Grand Duke
Nicholas from that post he was made COM
nlander in chief of the entire army. This
he resigned on June 5, and two days later
was appointed military adviser to the pro-
yisional government.
Shortly before his retirement as COM
mander in chief he made one Of the most
pathetic speeches in Russian history.
Speaking before committee Of soldiers
and officers delegates, he analysed the con-
Gition of the Russian front as a grave
illness, as if anticipating the collapse that
was to ensue.
He is both an advocate for strong au-
thority for directing officers and friend
of the civil commissioner system.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
A Horrifying Eleventh-Hour
~ Discovery

Chance enabled him to give demon
stration of his solution at the large Hopital
Button, before some thirty surgeons, "one
Of whom was a very great surgeon, in
deed"
"When Edwards entered the operating
room and found his august spectators waiting
for him he suddenly remembered with horror
that leg ulcers were not war wounds and that
ne had really never tested his solution at all.
But he turned his attention to the case. A
soldiers hip and thigh had been scooped out
by an exploding she'll.
"The nurses barred the enormous wound.
The American rapidly soaked great piece OF
cotton with nikalgin and applied it TO the raw
flesh. A kindly old surgeon drew the pa
TENTS attention to another matter. After q
few minutes the engineer removed the cotton.
els anasthesia complete the very great
surgeon asked.
"T believe So
an flash the Frenchman had jabbed bit
Of glass tubing into the very heart Of the
wound, probing vigorously into the live flesh.
The doctors gasped Edwards went white,
then quickly flushed with pleasure, for the
ratient had not moved muscle, TRANQUILITY
going on with the story of how he had come
bv his wound He felt nothing at all! The
very great surgeon, visibly disturbed. tried
another case The result was absolutely con-
elusive Anssthesia through nikalgin was
established. The very great surgeon with
crew hastily, muttering, Extraordinary, ex-
traordinaryl' with great rspi0ity.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

ws. ignored. A wall of indiference-bland,
cruel. unbelievable, when so many thousands
of men we're crying aloud in agony for want
Of pain allaying anasthesls-rose oe1ore MIN
wherever he went. 1t was the same IN france
as in England, where everything was against
him. but chiefly two facts: he was not doc
tor and he was an American. Patent medl-
rim. faker," was the least Of the epithets ap-
rlied.' He stayed week in London without
rattiny To demonstrate the value Of his solu-
ton. ~
"The surgeon general in the British War
Office listened politely to what EDWARDS hau
% say and then suggested that the dlscoverer
90 home and return to England after the war
"'But my solution is meant to relieve the
suferings Of soldiers
"'Try the civil hospitals.
""They have no wounded
"'And we have no time. For the present we
cannot undertake to investigate your solu-
ton, whatever its merits
"And, indeed, during the eighteen succeed
ing months he remained for many a surgeon
the 'nickel-gin fellow, that mad American
engineer Finally he secured letter from
the surgeon general and crossed the Channel
TO France. The battle of the User was on,
and train after train of British wounded was
returning from Ypres. But that made no diff
ference to the surgeons, who turned him out
Of Abbeville and later out of Boulogne.
December found him in Paris, alone and
ignorant Of the city, the French language and
what he had better do"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

streets Of Paris, he came here, in 1865, q.
the age Of twenty-four. He bore letters b
Horace Greeley, editor of The Tribune, and
another member of this newspapers sta.
and settled down to writing for the Paris
Temps" living under the same roof, ID
Twelfth Street, that had afforded shelg
to Napoleon III.
From New York, short while later, b
moved, to Greenwich, Conn, where he lee.
ured for three years on French literatun
in a young ladies' school, later marryir.
Mary Plummer, one of his pupils, whom b.
took back to France with him in lS7o
when war broke out between France and
Germany. In the years following his pO.
litical opponents derisively applied TO hin
the epithet of yankee school teacher
For time VI. Clemenceau had a seat IL
the national Chamber of Deputies, where
his biting satire made him Immediately :
power. He became known as the de
stroyer of Ministries" and later as the
Maker of Kings" From 1906 to 1909 he
was French Premier anG Minister Of the
Interior.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
Hunsary's Peasant Premier

The folIoyinq sketch appeared first in
"The Washington Post" and has enjoyed
some oppreciatire reprinttn9:
DR. ALEXANDER WEKERLE. the
- new Prime Minister of Hungary, Is
neither a Magyar by birth nor yet an
aristocrat. Indeed, he is the son of one OF
the German farm bailiffs of the late Count
Philip Lamberg, and was born on the lat
ter's vast estates in Hungary. He has al
ready served several terms of office as
Premier-for the first time in 1892, and
for the last time in 190O-and that he
should have achieved such eminence IN
country like Hungary, where all the old
notions Of feudalism and privileges OF
class and birth prevail, in many ways I'M
altered since the Middle Ages, must be
considered in the light of great tribute
to his sagacity integrity and ability.
In spite of his German parentage, ne Is
intensely anti-German, and during the life
time of the late Emperor Francis Joseph
was. even when holding the office OF Prime
Minister of Hungary, subjected to ex-
tremely gross sights and affronts by the
Kaiser on the occasion of the latter's visits
TO Vienna. These insults he has never for
gotten, and it may safely be taken for
GRANTED that Of all the statesmen of Hun
gary and of Austria Emperor Charles
could have selected no one for the Pre-
miership at Budapest who would be more
personally and politically objectionable to
the Kaiser.
Like former Premier Tisza, "Santor
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

Nearing wired his resignation TO fresi-
dent Stowe, who placed it before the trus-
tees. A few weeks later, when several
of the trustees known to be favorable 70
him were absent, the other trustees met
and accepted the resignation.
This version Of the story differs slightly
from the one published at the time OF his
removal, which merely says his services
"were dispensed with by action Of the in
stitution's board Of trustees, which voted
70 for his removal. Nearing rendered
mis- resignation several weeks ago, but it
was tabled indefinitely. The resignation
was not considered at to-night's meeting"
Since leaving the university he has been
delivering lectures before pacifist societies
throughout the country, and contributing
to magazines on anti-war topics. 1t was
during his absence from Toledo on one Of
his lecture trips that his home was ralded
the other night by Secret Service agents
who confiscated several basketfuls Of let
tiers and papers. Since then the lecture
he was to have delivered in Cincinnati
next Tuesday evening has been cancelled
by official request.
DR.. Nearing, who is only thirty-four
years old, has published a dozen or more
books on social and economic questions.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
A Strenuous Pacifist

T>HEY were discerning paciflsts VINO
l. chose Scott Nearing to head their or
ganization, the Peoples Council OF Ameri-
ca For whatever else may be said OF
him. DR.. Nearing is born leader, Is SIN
cerely and intensively peace propagan-
dist. and finally he makes good newspaper
copy. Whatever may be forgotten about
him, it will always be remembered that two
wears ago he was dismissed, for radical
utterances on social and economic ques-
tions. from the faculty Of the University
of Pennsylvania, where he had been IN
structor of economics for nine years. Ac-
cording to his upporters-and they were
many-the issue involved was one Of free
speech; according to his opponents it was
n mere question of DR.. Meanings personal
fitness for the position. Fifteen hundred
students of the University of Pennsylvania
asked for his reinstatement, but the dis
missal was final Soon afterward he was
offered chair in the University of Toledo.
This he accepted and became dean of the
College of Arts and Sciences and professor
Of social science.
Following severe criticism Of his lectures
both in the class room and in public, DR..
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

and his popularity is mentioned particu-
larly in articles which appeared at the time
of his acceptance of the Williams presi-
dency. Said Tho New York Evening
Post:
at is particularly in the less formal side
of college life that Mr.. Garfield has won his
popularity at Princeton. In the system Of
preceptorial conferences established two
wears ago, in which the teacher meets small
groups of students informally for the dis
cussion Of subjects treated in formal
lectures, Professor Garfield achieved marked
success. His cordial manner, his urbanity,
established relations of mutual understand
ing with his students and placed the teacher
on level with themselves.
"His colleagues speak or
him as man of pronounced opinions, de-
cison of character and marked tact II is
noteworthy, Also in connection with his train
ing for the administration of Williams, that
during the years at Princeton Mr.. Garfield
was closely associated with President Wood
row Wilson and was supporter Of the edu-
cational programme and plans for undergrad
uate social reorganization proposed by his
chief.
"While his experience In public affairs
makes frequent demands upon his time, Pro-
fessor Garfield is essentially domestic man.
During his residence at Princeton he was
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
The Discovery of Vaccine

on the proof Of Jenner's work 50 that
vaccination he has nearly got rid OF 'm'"
pox, certain individual men and towns a'''
been making some dangerous experineh"
OF the kind here dealt with, and have PRIV
vided excellent though painful evidence "
the value OF vaccination by refusing us Ao
and thus carefully preparing limited 0''
breaks of a once dreaded sccurge.
Several years ago you could take out
license to propagate smallpox for the 'ma"
sum Of 20 shillings, but under later ies''"
ton you have TO declare yourself one
those conscientious objector5,' who seem ="
another sphere TO be unpopular to-day '"'
do not pay anything Whether the cost o.
conscientious objection 20 vaccination
supposed to be we'll calculated st ~ 'h'
lings it is difficult to say. The price
small one either way for so large lsep'~
ave can, at any rate, see that the 'Vn'
continued and unwilling action OF the MI.
or, of cows has constituted vsiusO.
indeed essential, experiment for the enisn'
eminent Of Jenner and the benefit, OF m''
kind"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

was the first holder of the last named
Office to be included in the Cabinet.
1t is generally admitted by friends OF
Lord Reading that his wife has been IN
strumental in his phenomenal rise from
the financial failure he faced at twenty
six. Rumor has it that Sir James Barrie
a friend of the Isaacses. obtained the germ
of his play, What Every Woman Knows
in which wife's wits lead her husband to
political success. from the continuous
counsel of Lady lsaacs, who first impelled
her husband to study law.
A comment which appeared in The Sat
urday Review" upon his promotion to the
Cabinet. gives a rather vivid picture OF
his personality. 1t says in part:
"He is one of those young men of over
fifty he will be hfty-seven on October lO)
who are characteristic of our time. In other
generations il was only the bucks and
handles who were young men of over NIFTY;
now il is the workers and the men OF brains
who keep young; for our bucks and dandles
are decrepit at thirty. You cannot think OF
men like Sir Rufus Isaacs as belonging 10
ANYTHING but the younger generation; they
Lsve the tastes and activities of young men,
and an elasticity and curiosity of mind that
come from the spirit Of the fray. q.
Porbans the most Characteristic thing about
his personality is to be found in two ex-
pressions of his face: the extraordinary mer-
rimont and humor of his smile, and the deep
and almost melancholy gravity Of his face
in repose.
Lord Reading headed the Anglo-French
financial commission to the United States
which in 1915 negotiated war loan OF
$500, 100000 for the Allies.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

Edwards will always remember that day,
December II, 1914, for it gave him confidence
in himself, without which he could never have
held up under what was to come.
"The other surgeons were warm in their
expressions of appreciation. But they would
not urge that nkalgin be adopted elsewhere
or do anything to aid in making it known
Later the very great surgeon said private
ly to Edwards that war, after all, means
pain, and that an analgesic is too great a
luxury for days of suffering and confusion
It is incredible but true that nothing per-
manent came from this demonstration.
"The American Ambulance at Neuilly was
not even interested in Edwards"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

delighted to record in SELF Help He is the
son Of a Jewish fruit merchant. AS boy.
he ran away to sea and roughed it for year
before the mast. Coming ashore, ne tasted
G'sappointment second time by an unsuc-
cessful attempt to make e living as a stock
l,Cker.
at was not until the age Of twenty-four
that he started to read law. After few lean
wears he began TO get some briefs, espe.
cially in cases where knowledge Of financial
affairs was of value. By the end of the hrst
decade, after his call to the bar, he had
reached the front rank.
"His native ability was backed up by an
amazing capacity for persistent industry.
For ten years, it is reported, he would rise
at 1880 in the morning to study his briefs
would be busily engaged in court all day.
would return TO his chambers for consulta-
tons. and would not finish his work before
midnight
He entered the House of Commons as
Liberal Member for Reading, in 1904; SIX
years later he became Solicitor General
and soon afterward Attorney General he
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

Edwards nearly choked with emotion. I
have been waiting two years for some one
70 say just that. You are the first. III no'
fail you. How much solution do you require
for immediate needs?
"a minimum OF five hundred litres, ard
as much more regularly
"'You shall have il as soon as | can ge'
it made up. And from now on | shall keep
you supplied
"He stayed long enough in Paris 70 cable
Miss Morgan for funds; then, certain Of her
reply, went on TO London. Before the SOU
tion was ready the money was in his HANDS
"By December, 1915, his solution was N
use on the Somme front as well. Aside rem
the futile attempts of the British War W.
fee TO substitute, difficulties disappeared one
by one. Nikalgin won admission into me
great military hospital Of Paris, Val as
Grace, where an eminent Russian surgeon
woman, took it up eagerly. During sn'H
visit to the Italian front in May Of this ys"
Edwards gave demonstrations Of his ei,'
covery in several hospitals, and the proc
uct, new 10 the surgeons, excited their "0"
der and admiration. Italy's medics! me'
seemingly less sluggish than those OF f'aa''
and England, are adopting il to-day. ]"
Italian Ministry Of War has only to ask 70,
it and nikalgin will be sent TO Italy free
charge for the duration of the war, as
gift from the United States
Every day testimonials reach him from
the most varied sources. Most Of them were
written by surgeons, some OF whom 81.
world famous Some Of the letters are IRON
soldiers, and their letters are like tang
bic prayers, seeming withal 70 cry out a. ."
who blocked Gordon Edwards"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

Wekerle is a Protestant-in fact, Luz
theran. But he does not recognize En-
peror William as the summus episcopus
and in this connection has frequently
shown his contempt for the Kaiser's pre-
tensions as the supreme head of the Lu-
theran Church. He has on two occasions
publicly declined honors of knighthood Of
fered to him by the Berlin government IN
the name of the Emperor. He is very
tall, powerfully built man. His face rs
clean shaver, save for closely cropped side
whiskers; he has very strong, clean cut
features and a powerful jaw.
Emperor Charles has chosen him as
Premier for the special object of carrying
through his project of endowing Hungary
with universal suffrage, so as to enable
the non Magyar races of the kingdom OF
St. Stephen to have a voice in their gov
eminent, instead of being compelled to
submit blindly and silently to the opPres-
sion and tyranny of the Magyar minority,
mostly aristograts and territorial mag
mates, who have hitherto managed to con-
troll the government and the national par
lament by reason of the restricted fran
chise.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

for the owner, perhaps at the expense of
hand and arm.
within that roasted heap of flesh life
stirred sluggishly. Suffering had been so
intense, shock so unsettling, that the man
had been reduced TO half-bestial organism
capable of no sensation but pain. The ex-
preston was as vacant as that Of an idiot,
hiding nothing but fear. For in a dozen
places large nerves were completely exposed.
The doctors had not dared to put the pa
tient to bed when he arrived the day be-
fore. When brought into the operating
room he sat propped up on cushions, OBJ
livious to everything but sensation, heed
less Of everything but the pain that was
slowly driving consciousness from the dew
astated dwelling.
"'Now ask you, NJ Edwards the chief
surgeon said slowly, what can you do with a
case like that? That breast must be dressed
or the man will die of poisoning. Yet, with
the nerves exposed as they are, if | attempt
to remove that apron of gauze stuck to the
cooked flesh, he will die of the pain. Can
you do anything for him.
"Ill try Edwards answered, already
doubtful OF the task.
Gently he began to spray the chest, and
for fully ten minutes moistened the gauze,
until it dripped with solution. Then, while
nurse gently lifted the bandaged chin
until the eyes were fixed on the ceiling,
the chief surgeon began at the neck TO peel
down the gauze, while Edwards never ceased
playing stream of anesthetic onto the raw
flesh.
IAN inchi
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

to Verdun, where he "revolutionized wound
dressing for the surgeons of the Second
Army"
"He reached the building late one even
ing. After dinner he said to the staff: TO-
morrow bring all your worst cases of exter-
nal wounds into the operating room. I'll
treat them each once, and after that you
can take the pressure jets and the solution
and do 1t yourself
Never was brought together more ter
rible collection of manned, charred and
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

4 CCIDENT not infrequentlv inaugu-
~ rates tremendous reforms. The
fact is interestingly illustrated by
Walter Kidd, who, in an article on "Un-
designed Experiments" published by "The
Contemporary Review" makes the follow
ing observation concerning vaccination:
Vaccination is the outcome of an un-
conscious experiment with bacteria. The
disease vaccina, or cow-pox, is an eruptive
disease OF the COW, only found in heifers,
and only on the teats. 1t develops at inter-
walls in herds OF cows, and is always associ-
ated with milking. 1t is the result Of irrits
tion OF the teats, which are themselves the
subject Of small and comparatively harm
less vescle. This repeated manipulation of
the teats converts a simple into a specific
eruption, and eventually the disease cow
pcx may be communicated TO the whole herd
MAN may be said to have made cow-pox
as by-product of his domestication and use
Of the COW. In this unconscious and daily
experiment Of the mixers the ground was
being prepared for the important discovery
announced in 1898 by Jenner, a West Of
England country practitioner and friend OF
John Hunter, that persons inoculated by ac-
cident with the virus Of this animal dis.-SS--
became immune TO smallpox.
while medical science has been carving