The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-09-06

corn Ted to hogs by SuDStltutlng other feeds for corn. This is especially de- sirab1e with high-priced corn and its increased need for human consumption. Pastures and forage crops properly used can reduce the corn and other concen- trated feeds fed to hogs from one-half to one-fourth. There are, moreover, many feedstuffs which can be substi- tuted for the other portion of corn. Their use will be determined largely by their availability, relative feeding value, and cost per pound as compared with corn. Hog feeders, by getting in touch with the feed manufacturing industries in their section, may discover profitable substi- tutes for corn. Feeds unavailable for hu- man consumption should be used as far as possible.
 A number of substitutes for corn with suggestions for their use are given be- low The feeding value, methods of feeding, and the highest relative cost of B pound. of each feed to pound of corn at which profitable substitution can oc- cur are given for each feed. For ex- ample: A pound of feed with feeding value four-f fifths that of corn must cost at least one-fifth less before substitution is profitable purely from monetary standpoint.
 Oats after crushing have three-fifths the feeding value of corn. They can be substituted profitably for corn, there fore, when a pound of crushed oats costs two-fifths less than a pound of corn. In a fattening ration, oats should not compose more than two-thirds of the ra- ton during the early part of the feed ing period and should gradually be re- duced until, during the last four or five weeks, they are entirely omitted from the ration. Oats are excellent for add ing bulk to ration and are especially good for brood sows.
 Barley when crushed is an excellent feed for swine and can be substituted en- tirely for corn even when it costs the same per pound.
 Rye when costing nine-tenths as much as corn per pound can De substituted for corn in the ration. It should be fed ground or crushed and is best fed as a slop.
 Frosted wheat or wheat damaged in other ways and unfit for milling can be substituted even when equal in cost to corn per pound. Wheat should be ground, crushed or soaked.
 The grain sorghums, kafr, milo and fe- terita, may be substituted for corn when slightly lower in price per pound. They should be ground and fed as a meal.
 Buckwheat can be substituted for corn when it costs one-tenth less per pound. It should be fed ground and is best as a partial substitute, for it tends to produce a poor quality of fat.
 Millet can be substituted for corn when one-fourth cheaper per pound Millet should be ground and fed always with rich protein supplement. For fatten- ing hogs in cold weather it is not so good and produces a soft pork.
 CI1Il m ha hctif tad r1 if below the cost of corn. Beans make soft pork and always should be cooked and salted before feeding. It is better to substitute the beans for but one half the corn and so prevent soft pork and increase the grains.
 Hominy feed or meal is by-product of the manufacture of hominy grits for hu- man consumption. It is excellent for hogs and can be substituted for corn even when one and one-seventh the price of corn per pound.
 Wheat shorts or middlngs are by product of the milling of wheat. While a feed high in protein, it can be sub stituted for corr when one and one tenth the cost of corn. It is best as a nitrogenous supplemental feed and when forming but part of the ration. Ow- ing to it's heavy, pasty nature, If fed alone for a long while digestive troubles are liable to occur. No protein supple ment is necessary for ration of shorts though lime. in which shorts are low should be supplied.
 Rice polish is by-product of the rice mills. It is excellent for swine and can be substituted even when costing one-fourth more per pound than corn Owing to it's heaviness 1t should be soaked 12 to "A hours before feeding tc avoid securing. Hogs kept on rice meal