davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

cooler they sink to a lower level
their place being taken by hotter
layers, thus actuating a continual cir
cu1ation Of the suns atmosphere.
The weight OF an average cubic foot
of the sun is only one-quarter that
of an average cubic foot of the earth.
The density Of the sun being SO
small, 1t has been concluded that 1t
can still continue to contract, getting
hotter all the time instead Of cooler
as is popularity supposed.
It is estimated that the great glow
ing surface which the sun presents
10 the earth, even considered as
fat disk, has the enormous area OF
5S5, 750. 100000 square miles, each
square foot of which emits the ire
mendous amount of about 1880
horsepower. The radiant energy re-
ceived on the surface OF the earth at
noon on clear day is estimated to
be about 5000 horsepower per acre.
The quantity of this solar heat per
unit area. which arrives in unit time
at the outer surface Of the earth's at.
mosphere Is called the solar constant.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

THB economic possibilities OF
making oysters safe to eat are
dweIt upon in a recent report
Of a series of experiments made by
the United States Public Health Ser.
vice. When 1t is considered. says
the Medical Record (New York;.
that shellfish thrives in bays and es-
tuaries polluted by sewage, 1t can be
seen what prolific sources Of infec-
ton they can be. Typhoid epidemics
have often been traced to this source.
While the artificial publication OF
the oyster does not do away with
the esthetic objections to eating an
animal fattened in sewage, it does
eliminate the disease factor. The
publication. it appears. is really man
aged by the oyster himself, who will
quickly wash away all the noxious
germs If he Is only given the pure or
antiseptic water for the process.
TT has long been known that there
is a tendency to the selfpurification
Of oysters when transferred to pure
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

they defy ordinary inspection, making
q special machine necessary for their
detection.
Capt. Porter's continuance depends
on the principle that a counterfeiter
rarely succeeds in making perfect
original plates for his bills. Some.
how or other there is always a slight
distortion in some part To the cas-
ual eye the products Of the counter
feiter look exactly like those of
Uncle Sam. But most plate-engrav-
ing processes make use Of photog-
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

THE mystery surrounding the
methods by which nature gives
existence to plants and animals
has been revealed by the all-seeing
eye OF the motion picture camera and
the complex subject of life itself has
been clearly recorded on the films.
After nearly two years of expert
menting Prof. George e. Stone, A. B..
In collaboration with Prof. J. A.
Long, Phi. D., University of Califor.
MIA, has actually discovered just how
life begins by showing how micro
scopic living cells multiply and grow.
The treatment of the subject by
these two scientists Is said to be
most simple. With the motion pict-
ure camera Profs. Stone and Long
show that life comes only from life
and that all new individuals arise only
from other living creatures Of their
own kind. Furthermore. they show
that there are several processes by
which new life can arise and that
simplest method is found in those
plants and animals which consist of
but one CELL
A drop Of water is placed on a
slide and examined through a micro
scope. At once Is seen a swarming
mass of life. These are called proto-
Eoans, the simplest of all animals.
With higher magniflcation one pro-
tozoan is observed to construct in the
middle and divide into two halves,
each Of which at once becomes a new
protozoan, and each of these new
creatures. in turn. splits up into new
cells, until they become so numerous
that at last one is made to realize
why 1t seems necessary for animals
to die.
Next is shown a microscopic plant,
and here the common yeast, used in
bread making is chosen. This organ
ism is one of the protophyta, or one
celled plants, and reproduces by
process Of budding which closely re-
sembles the division already seen in
a protozoan.
After emphasizing the simplicity
of reproduction characteristic Of
these low forms. Profs. Stone and
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03
EMERALDS Are Most Costly GEMS

the diamond is regarded as the
most valuable of precious stones,
but as matter of fact large fawless
emeralds are great deal more cost
ly than diamonds of similar size.
jewelers. say that one OF the consid.
erations that makes these rich green
gems SO high-priced, if perfect, is
that they are seldom free from flaws.
According to the Smithsonian In.
stitution good diamonds are worth
from $3.50 to $400 per carat, &C
cordtng to purity and size, whereas
an emerald varies from $3.50 to $500.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03
ALLIGATORS as Sewer CLEANERS

ened a rope. The gator was lowered
into the pipe. After a struggle in
the unsavory environment he
reached the next manhole, dragging
the rope after him. When he had
travelled one section Of the pipe, the
rope, to the middle of which knotted
chains were attached, was pulled
back and forth and the distractions
removed.
Following this success, other ALL
gators were used. until at the pres
ent time ten are employed for clean
ing sewers. They are doing what
skilled workmen equipped with mod
ern apparatus have failed to do.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03
How Dazzling LIGHT Causes might BLINDNESS"

OF the time by the army surgeon, and
he should not be subjected to night
duty Of any sort. Only in exception.
al cases is nyctalopia considered as
an adequate reason for granting a
pension.
Nyctalopia is not regarded a spe-
cific disease. Many factors are op.
erative In it's production. AS a rule,
the acute form is easily differentiated
from the chronic sporadic form. In
the production Of the acute form,
loss of blood, emaciation, faulty nu-
triton and poisons play role. Light
dazzling usually initiates the attack.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03
Just How OYSTERS Are DISlNFECTED

lized in these experiments to render
the oysters free from colon Infection.
In carving out these experiments
oysters were inoculated with cultures
Of colon bacilli
THE water was then disinfected
with 10 per cent. calcium hypochlo-
rite solution. A considerable purffi-
cation of the oysters contained there
in occurred within six hours, and a
remarkable publication within "a
hours"
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

a SINGLE
Living CELL

they found the problem presented by
the higher animals to be very diff
cult With these animals life be-
gins in fortified egg cell. The first
animal experimental with was the
sea urchin, close relative Of the star
fish. On the screen. two eggs are
shown. bombarded by millions of
life-producing germs.
The fact that the fertilization OF
an animal egg is revealed TO be fun
damentally the same process as that
previously witnessed in the plant IL
dicates, scientists say, the essential
similarity Of the reproductive pro-
ceeses in the animal and vegetable
Kingdom. In every case fertilization
is said to consist In the fusion OF two
specially organized cells. AFTER Ter
tilization, the cell resulting from the
union proceeds to divide into many
cells, which finally coloniso INTO
what Is then an embryo.
The section Of Prot Stones aim
which depicts the Life history OF
hutterfyis said to be fun OF dramatic
interest. For this picture Prof Stone
used one OF the "swaIlow-tau verie-
ty famous for the yellow and black
Of its body and its ''eye spots OK red
and blue.
A mother swaIlow-tail is shown on
the screen laying her beautiful
creamy-white eggs on the sweet anise.
-Four days later-on the screen
only a minute later" explaina Prof.
Stone, "a small black caterpillar
energies from one Of the eggs 1t
feeds. In order to grow, It sheds its
skin and energies with a new and
more beautiful one. Another period
of feeding intervenes. Now It is re-
vealed spinning a silken loop and at
taching itself to a firm support Inen
the marvellous process OF sk1n-shed-
ding is unfolded. A chrysalis mas /,
been formed. For many months this
hangs motionless. Then, as the him
unreeIs, it suddenly shows signs OF |
life. At the end of two days-a few !
seconds on the screen-it bursts
open and releases limp, curious In
sect with crumpled wings. This is
the new butterfly"
In a similar manner Prof. Stone re-
veals and explains other life pro-
cesses-those Of the frog, the chick
en- and the rat.
Biologists assert that Prof. Stones
prove beyond doubt ;
that man himself is mysteriously
linked with a simple protozoan il
he beginning, and that the process
If growth and development is the
same in all the living universe.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

THE alligator has graduated
into the useful class. At last
his sluggish energy has been
usefully directed.
Recently a 6o0-foot 12-inch sewer
pipe in Fort Meade, Florida, became
cloeged with sand and dirt. Accord
ing to the Engineering Record sew
eral sewer-cleaning contr1vances
were used and about $500 was
spent, but to no avail.
The pipe remained clogged as be-
fore. At this juncture the superin-
tendent Of water and sewers secured
a small alligator. to which he fast
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03
How COUNTERFEIT Money Is DETECTED

raphy at one stage or another. The
images Of the bills must pass through
lens. which passage is sure to dis
tort them. Though the distortion is
slight. minute comparison with a
good bill reveals the defects. The
new machine is designed to make the
work Of comparison easy.
The detector consists simply OF a
or other material having a rough sur
thick wooden frame about ten inches
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03
CHEMISTS

q CIENTISTS no longer regard
- the sun as a monstrous ball of
fire, burning in the manner of
CRATE fires at temperature Of sew
eral hundred thousand degrees Gen.
tigrade. Great as is its mass, it
would be consumed with compaxa-
tive rapidity If such combustion
were taking place. The temperature
of the surface of the sun has been
determined as about 5000 deg. Cent,
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

distance can gather the purport OF
the message by placing his ear close
to the ground to catch the yibra-
tons; and then he, in turn. passes
the message on.
OF course, given suitable climatic
conditions. the military henograph
nous tracts of country, and the rec
ord is probably held by an English
man, Capt Sadler of the 9Th dragon
guards. who. by this means. succeed
ed in South Africa in sending mes
sage direct distance Of 1870 miles.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

cases an injury, followed by hemor-
rhage. in five cases intestinal disease
and in three cases light dazzling were
recorded as being the exciting causes.
Myopia was present in 60 cases. 1t
Is assumed. therefore, that myopia Is
. cause Of nyctalopta.
A hereditary influence was traced
in one-third of the cases. Central
vision was approximately normal in
60 cases, fair in go cases and consid-
erably disturbed in II cases. The
fundus was normal in 6S cases; in 38
cases the peculiar fermentation first
described by Augstein was present.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03
The FIRST wireless" MESSAGES

A T the battle Of Ishttb a Bulgar.
~ ian cowherd signalled news
to his military countrymen
relative to the position of the Ser.
bian battahons by moving five COWS
about In various ways on the top OF
a hill.
The Basutos, by the way, prac.
t!cally anticipated wireless teleg.
raphy" IN a crude fashion. That Is
by striking heavily On a huge drum
of goat skin, which is placed on q
special spot, another Basuto at q
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

possible to make a definite prog
nosis in these cases after single
examination; therefore it is greatly
to be desired that these patients re-
main under observation for several
weeks. preferably in hospital.
The treatment consists. in the
main. of increasing the resistance of
the patient by the administration of
tonics and protecting the eye from
the light. Reduction in visual acuity
and definition of not more than one
fourth does not incapacitate the pa
tient for military service. but he
should be kept under observation all
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

by side beneath the glass and are
provided with handles at each end
extending beyond the glass By means
of the handles the bills may be shifted
around under the glass at will.
In using the machine a good bill
is placed on one Of the oblong metal
plates, and the supposed counterfeit
on the other-each adhering to the
blotting paper upper surface Of its
respective plate. The ruled glass is
then placed down over the metal
plates and their accompanying bills,
and held in place by the brass edg-
ings at the side of the continuance.
The vertical lines on the glass are
numbered serially from left to right.
The horizontal ones are divided into
two sets, each designated by similar
groups of letters. The user of the
device merely slides the metal plates
around tusing the handles projecting
beyond the glass at each endD until.
say, the upper left-hand corner of the
good bill rests beneath a certain
point of the cross-hatching on the
glass. and the remainder Of the bill
is correspondence lined up and
square with the rest Of the cross
Matching. Similarly the operator
brings the upper left-hand corner Of
the bad bill to rest beneath the
proper point Of the lower section of
the ruling-afterward likewise bring
ing the other parts Of the bill into
agreement with the rest Of the
squares.
All this, according to contributor
to Popular Science Monthly, has the
effect of placing good bill and bad
bill squarely before an observer, and
because Of the cross-hatch1ng on the
glass. Of dividing up the surface OF
each bill into similar squares, each
Of which may be compared in detail
AS Is readily evident, if the bad bill
is distorted in any particular, the de-
feet will Immediately become appar-
emit under such close scrutiny as this
secttonalizing into small squares
makes possible.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

the price increasing rapidly with size.
Flswless emeralds weighing more
than four carats are said to be prac-
tically priceless, but diamonds of
that size are worth only $1,000 to
$4,000.
Another factor that Is said to con-
tribute to the high price of emeralds
is that they are hard to initiate and,
unlike some green stones, retain
their color when heated and when
subjected to artificial light. It is
claimed that this latter fact makes
them particularly desirable for even.
ing wear.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03
One CENTS Worth of ELECTRICITY

Cook Welsh rarebit in chaf1ng dish.
Keep heating pad hot two hours.
Heat eight-inch electric stove eight
minutes.
Operate Pinch fan two hours.
VulcaniZe four automobile tire
patches.
Keep foot warmer hot one-Quarter
hour.
Raise passenger elevator five
stories in a minute.
Operate electric griddle eight min
utes.
Calculating current at 10 cents
per kilowatt-hour rate.)
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

or foot square. On the top surface.
brass edgings are provided which
hold in place large plate Of glass
this being divided into squares about
one-fourth of an inch apart Several
glass plates are provided, each with
different set of rulings suited to the
fneness of the bill undergoing test
Beneath the glass plate are two thin
oblong metal plates faced on their
upper surfaces with blotting paper
face to which a bill will readily ad'
here. These metal plates rest side
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

4 MONG 10000 patients at one
~ European military eye hospi-
tai, 40 cases of nyctalopia or
night blindness came under the OBJ
servation Of Prof. Birch irshfeld- In
los instances the disease was pres
ent before the war began, in most Of
these cases having existed since
early youth, but military service
seems to have caused greater dis
turbances than did civil life.
In 81 cases the condition was noted
arst during military service. In nine
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03
To Explain the Development of Life Prof Stone Invented
Special Camera and Glass with Which He Photographed
Butterflies in the Act of Laying Their Eggs

more familiar forms Of plant life a
slip of geranium was planted. One
photograph was made every six
hours. On the screen a growth Is
shown In one second which actually
required four days.
Most plants, however, develop from
seeds, and the seeds, in turn, origi-
nate In the flowers of the parent
plant. To bring out that fact, Prof
Stone made photographs and dia-
grams Of the sweet pea to show how
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

~ NE cents worth Of electricity
will do the following things:
Operate a sewing machine
two hours.
Keep six-pound iron hot Is minutes.
Heat electric curling iron IA times.
Percolate four cups Of coffee.
Lift 100 gallons of water 100 feet.
Give light Of Is candles for one
hour.
Toast bread for six persons.
Operate luminous radiator for eight
minutes.
Warm baby's bottle twice.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03
:: +: +: ::
New Protozoans Resulting Original

Photographing a protozoan in the
act Of reproducing its own kind by
the simple process Of splitting itself
into two parts. Prof. Stone says was
very different feat It is a very
short scene. lasting only IS seconds,
but three whole weeks of watchful
waiting were required on the part of
the photographer. He had to observe
the animals constantly and to be pre-
pared to photograph the division at
the instant 1t occurred
Microscopic life not only repro
duces by selfdivision, but also by
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03
tone Invented a

the pollen grains from the anthers
fall on the stigma and there proceed
to grow and send out tubes. The
tubes work their way down through
the coarse tissues of the style until
they reach an ovule. Then the whole
process of fertilization Is revealed
how the fortified egg cells become
peas while the pistil of the flower
becomes the pod which surrounds
and shelters them.
Profs. Stone and Long say that
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

budding. To bring out that fact, the
common yeast plant, used in bread.
making, was chosen by Prof. Stone
as a motion-picture subject
Yeast cells bud slowly. In order
to secure a record Of their growth
the photographs were made at inter
walls of az minutes over a period of
II hours. Since they are viewed at
the rate Of 16 per second. the growth
is witnessed in the exceedingly short
space Of ten seconds.
In the film exhibiting the repro
ductive processes of the higher and
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-09-03

- CIENCE has come to Uncle
Sans aid in detecting and pre-
venting counterfeiting with a
device recently invented by capt
Thomas I. Porter, head Of the Chi
cago office of the United States Sc
cret service. His machine is espe-
cially intended to detect counterfeit
bills or coins at the moment the pos
SCISSOR attempts to pass them at
bank. Through the aid OF modern
processes of printing and engraving
1t is said that counterfeits can De
made so much like originals tna1
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1917-07-03
Sturtevant. Gilbert.

At the Congregational parsonage In
Winthrop, at 80 in the afternoon OF
Saturday, June 80, Mr.. Edgar Hilton
Sturtevant of Winthrop and Miss Lila
Margery Gilbert of Lewiston were unit
ed In marriage. Rev. Henry Trust ON.
ciated, using the double ring service
The couple were unattended. The bride
wore navy blue French serge suit, with
Georgette crepe waist, and hat of cham
payne color. The groom wore the con-
ventional black.
Mr.. Sturtevant is the son of Arthur a.
Sturtevant and Eva Hilton Sturtevant,
and was born in Waterville and educated
in the public schools of that city. BE
now has position In Hoods creamery
at Winthrop.
The bride Is the daughter OF Willis B.
and Eta Bolster Gilbert Of Canton, and
was educated in the schools of that town.
She is q compositor, was for q while IN
printing Offices at Rumford, Bethel and
South Paris, and for the past seven
wears has been in the Journal Printshop
at Lewiston. She has wide acquaint-
ance and many friends.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sturtevant left on the
Saturday evening train for short
HONEYMOON in camp at Belgrade Lakes.
After their return they will 60 into q
furnished home on Readfeld Road, Win
throp. on the shore of the lake. They
will be at home there after July 10,
evenings.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1917-07-03

see the condition Of the street there %
were accustomed to view Main Street IN
ito past. It IL also true that no street In
the village outside OF Main Street ID -
much used % Cottage Street when 1t is
In fair condition, but of late all travel
that can 60 another way has done 30 and
Il has been the part of wisdom.
The warm and delightful weather OF
the past week was never moro appre-
ciated and had its effect on our city
dwellers, who como to spend the sum.
mer with 10. Many Of the cottages ut
tho lake were opened for the first time
IN now increasing every day.
Several from this village attended the
various exercises in connection with
Bates Commencement during the past
week. Miss Ella Clark, daughter of M.
and Mrs. Hiram CLARK, was q member OF
the graduating class.
Tuesday evening there will be q
patriotic entertainment at the Grange
Hall for the benefit of Norway Branch
Red Cross. An excellent program fol-
lowed by dancing until midnight, and
every cent taken for tickets sold will be
turned over to the local Red Cross as
there 10 to be no expenses. Norway
Grange give the use of hall, lights, etc.
and those taking part In the entertain.
ment and furnishing music for the dane
ing will give their services. Here your
money serves double purpose, for you
have the pleasure of An enjoyable even
ing and know that the money expended
is going to Q most worthy cause.