davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-31

over maps and issuing one order aIter
another, yet he is never too busy to
listen to his men. One of his iron
clad rules is that when an officer
makes a report condemning some act
or movement Of troops he makes it
point to pay no attention to the
KNOCK" unless the one reporting 1t
can suggest a remedy.
Promotion Rapid.
At the beginning of the war he was
plain Colonel Nivelle, but the Incl
dent of the Aisne made him Briga-
dier-General over night. When hos
tilities. began he was in command of
an artillery regiment which complete
ly destroyed German artillery group
in Alsace and captured fortyfour
guns. His great work, however, came
at Aisne when the Germans were at
lacking the French in serried ranks.
Then Colonel Nivelle decided to try
unheard of tactics and put his regi-
ment of artillery In advance-an
astounding change in military tactics,
for rarely. If ever, does the artillery
go before the infantry in war. The
Germans were astonished at the auda-
city of the thing and charged forward
only to beat hasty retreat leaving
many dead and wounded on the field.
Colonel Nivelle then attached horses
to his guns and followed up the re-
treat with artillery. The next day he
was promoted to the rank of Briga-
er-General. His next exploit came
in January, 1915. at scissors when the
German offensive began on the Marine.
In that attack the men under him
practically wiped out two German
regiments.
His sudden changes in military tao
tics several times, proved a surprise to
the German forces and won victories
so unexpected to the French that he
was given higher commands and was
sent to assist General Petain at Yer
dun. Later he assumed command and
after weeks Of fighting succeeded in
checking the army OF the Crown
Prince and being given the sobriquet
of the Victor of Verdun."
Although military operations at this
point began months before. the time
from October Gath to November End
was one of INDISPENSABLE fury, when
men Of both armies were moved down
by great guns like wheat before a
reaper, and the world stood aghast at
the slaughter Of men. Later. the
fighting was slower and the French
captured Douaumont. General Nivelle
in making his report on October 18th
wrote the following:
""Twenty-seven months Of war, eight
months Of fighting at verdun have
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-31

The collection and study Of pack
ages and containers now in use in the
marketing Of fruits and vegetables is
being carried on by the Department
of Agriculture the study including
the specifications and capacity and
information regarding the making,
material and desirability Of each.
Boxes, barrels, crates, baskets, hamp-
ers and lug boxes are among the
kinds Of containers collected and
studied.
AS result Of agitation along this
line, Rhode Island has recently es-
tablished a standard .bushel box for
the marketing of truck crops. A
bushel sweet potato crate has been
adopted by Arkansas shippers. Con-
gress has established Ithe 2, and
IL quart size as standards for the
shipment of grapes and other fruits
and vegetables in baskets, and also
the dry measure-one-half pint, pint
and quart and multiples of dry quart
AS standards for baskets or other
containers for small fruits. berries
and vegetables.
Maryland recently enacted an apple
grading and packing law; and Vir-
ginia and Pennsylvania are consid-
ering similar laws. In all Of these
instances the Department Of Agricul-
ture has rendered assistance or, fur
nished advice as requested
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-31
Copyright, 1917. by The

% y,
1T IL evident that the Allies do not
believe in the old adage "Never
swap horses in the middle Of q
stream" for three countries have
changed their commanders during the
greatest campaigns or the war. EARLY
IN the conflict Russia deposed her lead
Ing general and placed a new officer
In charge Of the Cars forces. and
less than a year ago the English
ordered Sir John French to step down
and out in favor Sir Douglas Haig.
Now General Joffre has been retired
by France and the army put under
the leadership Of General Robert
Nivelle. the man who is given credit
Cor the holding down Of the Germans
ut Verdun.
This move has been expected for
some time by those who have studied
this European situation closely. The
change did not come because thu
Government considered that Joffre
had failed in his duty to his country,
but because they felt that he was
playing too much Of a waiting game
and from the fact Of his refusal to
sacrifice his men when other military
men thought that great drives should
be made even at the risk of lives. &
Ever since i the beginning OF the
war Papa" Joffre. as he is affec-
tionately called by the FFench, has
been regarded as the real brains Of
the Allied armies and he is today the
idol OF France. He will retire with
fame for he is to be made Marshal Of
France-an honor that has not been
conferred upon any. person since the
days Of Napoleon III. "A number Of
French literary men and diplomats
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-31

abundant head of hair, cold. piercing
eyes, his strong mouth and chin-all
combining to portray character far
beyond the ordinary and one that be-
lieves in action rather than in words
or bravado.
Regarded AS Perfect Man.
He has kept himself in this excel
lent physical condition by exercise
and proper diet. He rarely smokes
and only occasionally does he take
wine. He is hard as nails and can
stand great amount OF exposure.
General Nivelle is not given to gold
lace and is rarely seen wearing the
gaudy dress uniform OF the French
general Even when at headquarters
he wears the plain gray blue uniform
without a single decoration except the
three silver stars-the insignia of his
rank.
Early in life he determined to be
a soldier and began his military edu-
cation while still small boy. Before
he was ten years Of age he knew all
the military terms and spent his time
in laying off army maps. Today he
Is an all-around soldier, being both
an infantry and artillery expert as he
attended st. Cyr before going to the
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-31
ries. citrus fruits. pineapples. mapls

ries, citrus fruits, pineapples, maple
syrup, cane syrup, honey. nuts, eggs.
butter, assorted vegetables. meat and
poultry. The work done in expert
mental shipping of farm products In
dicates that it is quite possible to ship
almost any commodity by parcel post
when packed and handled according
to postal regulations.
The Department Of Agriculture Is
giving special attention to the market
ing Of dairy products, including
butter, cheese and milk, mainly in the
direction of inaugurating more eff
cient, economical. and equitable
methods Of marketing. A general
survey Of the butter markets of the
South has been completed and a sup
Elementary study has been made of
the keeping quality OF Southern
creamery butter in storage.
Tells Farmer The Best Markets.
The regulation Of distribution tends
to prevent wide f1uctuation in retail
prices. and one of the most recent
and valuable agents Of the Depart
ment Of Agriculture in the elimina-
ton of waste in perishable products
is the market news service which
emanates daily from the Office of
Markets and Rural Organization.
This Office found that although well
planned production and careful prep
aration of perishable farm products
might be of great importance as fac
tors in successful marketing, their
value Is dependent entirely on the
choice Of an advantageous market.
Excellence of condition will not sell
produce in a market In which there
is no demand for it.
II farmer ships in a haphazard
way to any market point that hap
pens to strike his fancy or happens
to suit his convenience, he may find
from losses, when 1t Is too late, that
the point chosen was already fully
supplied with commodities like his
own, or that for other reasons there
is none but an Improbable sale for
his wares. Instead Of being matter
to be guessed at. the finding Of y
profitable market is the central and
dominant problem in all distribution.
To help this situation the market
specialists Of the Department OF
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-31
Of the family. The fact that he is
partly English makes his appointment

OF the Iamlly. line Iact that ne IS
partly English makes his appointment
particularly acceptable to the British.
General Nivelle speaks English f1uently
and is fond Of Americans and has been
especially civil to the American cor
respondents who have visited him at
headquarters, and always reminds
them Of the thankfulness of the
French for the American Ambulance
Corps and the splendid work they
are doing for his country. A widely
travelled man he has learned to Judge
human nature and soon learns the
limitations Of the men under him and
acts accordingly. He also knows the
men Of the French colonies as we'll
as the men at home. and how to
bring out the best that is in them on
the battlefield.
While he is al man Of iron where
orders are concerned he Is much be-
loved by his men who have implicit
faith. in his ability to win. He at
fectionately calls them his children
and his little braves and compares
his army at Verdun to the Old Guard
Of Napoleon. When at headquarters
he never seems to have an idle mo-
ment, for there one finds him bending
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-31
schools at Fontainbleau
and Samur besides the War College.

POlytechnlC schools at FOnta1nDleau
and Samur, besides the War College.
He has had a long and successful
military career and is somewhat of~a
diplomat as well as was shown in his
work when he was sent upon an i'm
portant mission to the Emperor Of
Korea. He served in the lndo-China
campaign and later in the French
Colonial Wars-notably in Algeria.
where the greatest tact was required
in handling delicate situations. In
this he became known as "the man
with the velvet glove and hand OF
steel,'' so polite and firm was he in
his demands. The General Is fine
horseman-an accomplishment that
serves him well at present. He is
the holder of a number Of medals for
superiority in riding, several of which
were wrested from his German. Eng
lish and italian competitors at mill
tary riding meets.
Partly English.
His ancestry is partly English, his
mother having belonged to Kentish
military family who were literally
brought up in the service, and he
seems to have inherited this love Of
military life from the maternal side
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-31
Department Of Agriculture Is Working To Elihi-
nate the Waste In Marketing Perishable Food
Products Advocates Cooperative Buying.

INTERNATIONAL SynQlcate.
the study Of State laws on co-opera-
ton, and work on proposed laws to
encourage cooperation. Concrete ex-
examples are on file in the Depart
ment Of Agriculture in which a saw
ing to growers of a single organiza-
ton is estimated at not less than $685.
900 for the first year.
The most important attempt to
federate the farmers marketing
business ever undertaken in this
country was prosecuted last year and
resulted in the formation Of a fed
Grafton 6f the leading fruit shipping
associations and individual shippers
Of Washington, Oregon, Idaho and
Montana. Members Of this fedora
ton handled approximately Is per
cent. Of the fruit products iof Sec
ton that represents an investment OF
fully $3.50, 100000.
The Apple Industry.
There are $500 cooperative
creameries in this country, and a uni
form system of accounts for country
creaEaeries is now practically in final
form to be recommended to these or.
CARNATIONS generally for adoption.
The system is In operation in five
creameries and will be published very
soon by the Department, so that ali
who wish may obtain the printed
form.
A survey of the northwestern ap-
pie industry has recently been con-
Quoted by the Department Of Agri-
culture. extensive field Investigations
being made in the States of Wash
ington, Oregon, Idaho and Montana,
with a view to securing as cornpre-
hensive information as possible con-
corning the entire northwestern fruit
industry,
Data were secured from growers
associations, shipping organizations,
and railroad officials, and the infor-
nation thus secured has been as
sembled. tables have been prepared,
and charts and graphs have been
made; SO that vast deal OF money
saving information has been made
available to the growers and buyers
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-31

affirmed and confirmed every day the
superiority of the French soldier over
the German soldier. Artillery of ex-
ceptionaI power will master the
enemy's artillery and open the road
for the attack. The preparation in
every detail is perfect-as perfect as
possible" ~
General Nivelle won, rs he said 1t 4
could be done. After the fall of
Douaumont captured German officer
was brought before General Nive1le to
be questioned. you may have cap
tured Douaumont but you will never
take Vaux," said the German. Gen.
eral Nivelle looked at him for mo-
ment with his cold. gray eyes and then
he set about his maps. Later he did
take Vaux and battered down the Ger
man offensive to such an extent that
the Kaiser's men were driven back to
where they began. their first charge
eight months before.
Popular With French Colonials.
A number of French colonial troops
took part in the capture Of Vaux and
General Nivelle was particularly proud
of their work, and after it was found
that the Germans had deserted the
place he called these men, who were
under General Magin.. together and
made one of his characteristic
speeches to them:
Officers, sub-of11cers and soldiers of
the Magin group" he said. Gin few
hours of magnificent assault you have
taken from your powerful enemy at
single blow the ground covered with
obstacles and fortresses northwest Of ,
Verdun, which it had taken him eight
months to occupy little by little at
the cost of desperate efforts and con-
siderable sacrifices. You have added
new and dazzling glories to those
which cover the banners Of the Army
Of verdun. In the name Of the Army
I thank you-you have merited well
the fatherland."
All through the campaign he, was
continually praising the work OF his
men and encouraging them to stand
for La Patrfe. His men obeyed him
with a dog-like devotion. Their be-
lief in his knowledge OF things mill
tary gave them an abiding faith that
he would lead France to victory. So
the battle was won and the victory at
verdun stands out today as a marvel
of coordination, and the credit fors
bringing this state Of affairs about Is
given to the man who is now in COM
mand of the entire army. There Is
a feeling among the Allies that Gen.
eral Niveile will again do something
big and drive their enemies from
French soil.
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-31
@1xEzwS S0zSl~ S2z0E
GayG~1z12aw TAS0xSzla>zS

Agriculture last year inaugurated a
general daily market NEWS service
covering practically all perishable
products.
The aim Of this market news serv-
ice is to furnish information in re-
gard to as many of the factors at
fecting marketing as practicable to
all persons and all organizations in
terested in the perishable products
reported. The machinery of the
Office of Markets and Rural Organ
ization for collecting and distribut-i
ing this information consists of a
staff of representatives in the prin-
cipal producing areas, another staff
in several of the chief market centers
and a. central office staff In Wash
ington. ~
Distributed Through Field Stan.
One of the most important fea-
service is the assistance rendered by
division superintendent Of railroads.
who telegraph to Washington infof-
nation in regard to the shipmentse0f
perishables originating on their diYi-
sions and covered by the nSwsy seEy-
ice. So
Reports on carlot shipments Of
perishables begin arriving at the
Washington headquarters Of the news
service shortly after o'clock each
morning. A group of clerks decodAAy
the messages and complies the data
they contain. This work is completed
by o'clock, and the information Is
sent out Immediately by the Office OPP
orators to groups of market and field
agents connected on Geographic cis---
cults. mug
AS soon as tn shipping informa-
ton has been sent out messages begin
arriving in the Office of Markets and
Rural Organization giving the morn
ing quotations and other informatiea-s
from the 81 markets covered by the
news service. These messages arp
decided and the information .c0nsT
tanned in them is tabulated and sent
out early in the afternoon tosst1he
market correspondents and the repE6-
sentatives of the Office in the produce
ing sections. as well as telegraphed-to-s
interested individuals and assoeaaa8
tiops-
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-31

Loss In Foodstufrs In Transit.


Extensive and thorough investiga-
tons are being made concerning the
methods Of harvesting, handling,
grading, packing, inspecting and load
ing strawberries, peaches, tomatoes,
boxed and barreled apples, Irish po-
tatoes and Texas and BERN uda onions,
with a view 20 advising growers con-
corning the best methods of prepar-
ing these products for market, and
to make possible the preparation and
issue Of bulletins on the commercial
grading and packing of several crops.
The economic loss OF foodstuffs in
transit is increasing constantly there
by adding to the high cost of living.
Much of this loss is due to defective
methods Of harvesting, packing and
loading, and to the use OF insecure
and improperly constructed contain
ers. Some of. 1t is caused by inefh-
cient refrigeration in transit and 9TH
er faults of the present system of
transportation. Much of this waste
can and should be eliminated and the
Department of Agriculture is making
Investigations and issuing informa-
ton to that end.
Within the past year the appoint
ment of a specialist in storage has
been made by the Department Of
Agriculture and the work of dissent
mating information in regard to but
ter, eggs, cheese and other dairy
products has been started SO that
producers and purchasers may have
regular and accurate information in
regard to the cold storage holdings
of as many products as possible.
Farm-To-Table Campaign.
To further assist in the elimination
of loss in the transportation Of food
stuffs direct from producer to con-
sumner the Department of Agriculture
has been conducting a farm table
campaign in the interest of fostering
and promoting direct marketing by
parcel post. Experimental shipments
to the number of 1,S25, aggregating
a weight of almost $4,000 pounds,
were made by parcel post and ex-
press over distances totaling 530,756
miles.
The comm odities shipped included
apples. peaches. pears. plums. cher
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-31
Personality and Military Career Of the French Off
cerWho Succeeds "Papa" JoHre in France His
Great Work On the Aisne nd.At Verdun.

, International Syndicate.

International syndicate.
OF the Entente Powers will shortly
present the new Marshal with the
Field Marshars baton and a sword Of
honor. Marshal Joffre will always
be remembered as the hero OF the
Marine, and his name will go down in
history as one Of the greatest fighters
for La Patrie.
Younger of Generals.
His successor is among the Younger
Of the elderly French generals, for
like the great military strategists Of
the German army France has found
that age and experience have served
to develop the genius for military
tactics and that those best able to
uphold the strength Of the army and
bring out its best efficiency are those
whom passing years have developed
into great leaders and able tacticians.
SO practically all of the generals OF
that country are welA advanced In
years.
General Nivelle may be called the
Adonis Of the French army. Time has
dealt gently with him, and although
he is fifty eight years Of age he could
be taken for a man not more than
forty five. Erect in stature, TAN and
dignified in bearing. he Is almost a
perfect illustration Of what a soldier
should be in physique and manner.
He is of that blond type Of French
man so rarely found in that race, with
stern features indicative OF strict
disciplinarian and yet with a SUCCESS
ton Of a kindly nature which bestows
generous consideration when that is
the proper thing to do. A closely
cropped mustache fits in with an
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-01-31
Copyright. 1917. by Th

= y e. 3 r.
~ TASTE is one Of the main
~ factors in maintaining the
high cost of living. This is
especially the case in the
matter Of perishables. The Depart
ment of Agriculture, in full realiza-
ton Of this condition, for some time
past has been Systematically studying
the situation as it exists between
producer and consumer with a view
to eliminating the waste at every
point.
It's specialists in every branch of
food industry are studying the prob
lem OF help for the farmer in pro-
ducing, preparing and marketing
perishables SO that they may reach
the best available markets in the
prime Of quality and condition, at the
least expenditure. thus cutting out
cost Of poor production, Indifferent
preparation and en- uncertain mar
ket.
The ONCE OF Markets and Rural
Organization is. the bureau OF the
Department of Agriculture most ac-
lively interested in this mode of re-
duction Of the high cost of living,
and the concrete results of it's efforts
have resulted in the past year in cut
ting out hundreds of thousands Of
dollars in waste all along the line
from producer to consumer.
Will Aid COOPERATIVE Buying.
The cooperative principle is
spreading and the Department of
Agriculture believes that it will
eventually eliminate some Of the
present additions placed upon prices
while the food is moving from the
form system of accounts for country
this end the Office of Markets and
Rural Organization advocates coop
erative- buying and marketing.
Its work in this line includes the
study of problems connected with CO.
operative purchasing and marketing:
and 1t. stands ready at all times to
give aid both in person and by corr
respondence to groups who wish to
organize for such purposes, assisting
In the reorganization Of associations.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1917-04-27
BARREL ExPLODES
At Pulp Mill and Hits George LavaIlee
in Neck.

George Lavallee, one of the employees
at the mill OF the Cushnoc Paper Co,
was knocked fat at about 100 yester-
| day morning by blow that landed on
/ the side of his head and neck and was
| accompanied by an explosion that for a
moment gave some of the other en-
! ployes the impression that q German
bomb had exploded in their midst. This
| vas not the case however, and while
there really was an explosion 1t did not
como from any Internal machine. The
paper company uses at its mill sizing
of rosin and other material, which
comes in barrels. and when a barrel
becomes empty il is the custom to turn
a Jet of steam into it and clean it out.
This was what was in progress Thurs
| Cay morning when the explosion oc-
cured. Mr. IaVallee was cleaning out
tho barrel and was forcing the steam
into ii in the usual manner when there
came report like the discharge OF a
Pinch CUR and Mr.. Lavallee received a
blow that fclled him and at the same
instant disturht d his thinking faculties
I for some littl' timo. The noise of the
explosion was due To The pressure of the
/ steam in the barrel blowing out the
head. and ii was this that struck Mr.
! Lavallee on the side of the head and
neck. Surgical aid was summoned and
Mr. Iavallee was found to have sus-
tanned some cuts and bruises. and af-
ter these were attended to he was taken
to his homo. It was not thought yes
terday that mis- injuries were of seri-
Gus NATURE although it could not be def
| ipjteIy stated at that time.