davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1917-06-06
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
a surprise
lin biscuits

When my mother brought in
the plate OF hot biscuits she SAID:
Thank goodness they turned out
light! Your Cottolcnc crrtaiul,
does make them LIGHT.
She meant the Cot;olcnc that
Mr.. {. had gwen me to try.
My small sister teascd Mother
about butter, because Mother had
always sworn by butter for biscuit
making,
But Mother had to admit that
Cottolene was quicker and easier
beside being cheaper than butter
and yet that Cottolcnc biscuits
tasted every bit as good IS butter
biscuits. She said she had never
yet seen shortening that mixed as
evenly and smoothly as Cottolcnc.
The biscuits were rich and crisp
with 4 delicious favor
From L. G..
Tie Natural Shortening"
1T grocers in tins
OF convenient sizes
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1917-06-06

See Dante's Inferno, Best tomorrow
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1917-06-06

See Dante's Inferno, Rest tomorrow
Pine Bluff daily graphic. (Pine Bluff, Ark.) 1893-1942, 1917-06-06

Mr.. and Mrs. T. c. Holtzclaw ar
fved in the city yesterday from Tex
erkana where they were married Mon
bay by Rev. Joseph Boone. The bride
Is daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs. J. f.
Hunter of Texarkana, and the groom
Is a Cotton Belt Brakeman living
with W. 7. Norris, 1112 East Second
avenue.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06

where the plants re to grow, delaying
the work until severe frosts are past.
Plant in rows l foot apart, placing the
seeds about Q inches deep at intervals
Of s inches. Keep the soil loose and
free from weeds.
Beets-Beets. while they are hardy
and can be planted ut the same time
as radishes and lettuce, are placed a.
indicated in the planting plan because
they require a longer season for ma
turing than lettuce, adishes and beans.
The seeds should be planted in rows
/ foot apart, placed An inch apart in
the row and covered / inch deep.
high). thin to I inches apart in the
row. Keep the soil we'll titled at all
times.
Tomatoe-The tomato is the most
exacting OF all the plants included in
the collection. From Washington
southwark the seeds may be planted
in the open at the same time as beans,
but to the north Of this point the seeds
should be sown in boxes, hotbeds, or
greenhouses from the first to tho mid
die of March. the young plants being
transplanted t. stand 2 by 2 inches
apart as soor as the first true leaves
appear. When they begin to crowd in
their new positions, shift them to A.
inch pots r to tin a n in which
canned vegetables have been received.
II tin cans r used. s convenient
method is to melt the top and bottom
off, which will usually also unsolder
the seam at the side by tying a string
around the rim thus formed and plac-
ing a single undes h can it can be
filled with soil and the young plant
placed in this receptacle Keep the
plants growing slowly until about May
10th to June LIST, when it will be safe
to place them in their permanent To-
cations in the garden. Set the plants
in rows Is inches apart and place the
plants about 20 inches apart in the
rows. Each plant as 1t grows should
have all side branches removed and
the main stem tied to a stout stake,
about 5 feet tall and at least an inch
square. driven firmly in the ground.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06

usually for the purpose of confirming
an identification. In lawns and pas
lures the best grasses are seldom al
lowed to reach the Towering stage, and
some grasses change so materially in
appearance as they reach maturity
that it is difficult to see a resemblance
to h young plants in those that have
headed.
The seedlings of small grains are,
under all conditions. very difficult to
identify. Men who are constantly
growing these grain usually learn to
distinguish the different species. Even
certain varieties in a species are some
times recognizable. But there is
great variation even In the different
varieties, and the varietal differences
in each species make it difficult to
find a combination of characters that
will always hold true for the species.
Following is the description of two
very common grasses, meadow fescue
and quack-grass:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06

tivity will undoubtedly bring ABOUT a
better horse market. The financial
and industrial depression has inter-
fered with the trade for both business
and pleasure horses. Fewer usiness
horses were required; and as the ones
on hand were too expensive to keep
in idleness a good many of them were
thrown or the market. thus cutting
out a part Of the demand for fresh
horses. Many business men in their
efforts to economic have either dis
posed of their pleasure horses or re-
Trained from investing in them. The
automobile has undoubtedly displaced
a good man horses of both classes,
but as the public learns the cost Of
keeping automobiles, their rapid de-
probation in value and their often in
there is a reaction in favor
of the horse among people Of moder-
ate means, who are learning that it is
not best to go too fast or too far in
spending money or in getting about.
We have known several cases Of such
reaction, even when the preference
was for the motor. When business
improves the horse market will i'm
prove naturally. And as II is, It looks
pretty good compared with only a few
years ago.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06

10 obtain satisfactory results fr
the feeding Of farm r~oughages such
rs straw and stover, they must be
combined with some form of coucen-
trated feed, At the present time large
quantities Of such feed, in the form IT
~cottonseed meal and cake, corn, mo-
asses, peanuts and beans are exported
for the use If European feeders. II
n straw and toyer that are now
wasted were employed to feed more
cattle, these concentrates could be
consumed at home. The result would
be a tremendous saving not only in
the cost of producing beef, but in the
cost of enriching the soil as we'll. In
1914, for example. about 1000, 900
tons of c~ottonseed meal-half the
total production-were applied direct
ly to the soil as fertilizer. If this
mad been fed to cattle instead, three
quarters of the fertilizing value
would have been returned to the soil
as manure. The loss of the other
fourth would have been far more
than ccunterbalanced by the profit on
the meat produced economically by
n meal and the necessary roughages.
Much the same thing Is true OF the
other oil meals.
The value Of these meals is far
better appreciated in Europe than
here. Denmark, for example. feeds
annually ATS. pounds of oil cake to
each of her mature cattle. the United
States approximately "a pounds. Fur
thermore. the European feeder is
aware of the fact that the high-pro-
teln meal, while more expensive to
buy, Is more economical to use. Meal
OF this quality is seldom sold on the
domestic markets because the Ameri-
a farmer has not yet learned its
Cottonseed and linseed are per-
haps the best known Of the oil meals
but there are others the use of which
as iced could be probably extended.
Both peanut and soy-bean meal and
cake. for instance, are in good de-
mand in Europe.
The efficient use Of these and other
feeds discussed in the report is of the
utmost Importance to the American
farmer, it is pointed out, because the
when close calculation in feeding
was not necessary is. in all probability,
Hereafter it is likely that sue
cess will depend upon ability to mt
to the best use all available products.
greater knowledge of What these
products are n of the ways in which
they can be fed will result in the
of enormous waste.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06
PLANT ANNUAL PIONEERING PLANTS IN HOTBEDS
1t is Quite Easy to Get An Early Start With m Flowers By knowing Which omsW WIN Bear
Tanspantng and Sowing Seeds Of Such Flowers IN HtB Beds

Sweet peas should be in the ground
as soon as it is dry enough to work.
The soil should be spaded up and
well prepared and then a trench
should be dug 4 inches deep: in the
bottom of this the peas should be
planted about 2 inches apart. When
the peas are to be grown over chicken
wire or brush stuck in the ground it
is customary to SOW them in two par
allel rows. 6 or 8 inches apart. In
this way on the same amount of
trellis double the number of plants
can be grown with satisfactory results.
Sweet peas thrive best in a cool, moist
climate. Because of this it is espec-
tally desirable to SOW very early in the
spring.
Poppies may be sown directly on
the surface of ground hat was pre-
pared last fall. If the bed was not
prepared at that time, it should be
spaded up as o o as the ground is
dry enough, and the poppy seedhsown
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06
EXCELLENT PLANS FOR SCHOOL GARDENS

Specialists in the U. S. Department
of Agriculture have planned specimen
individual gardens 5 by 16k feet for
use in schools. One of these is for
vegetables alone and another for both
vegetables and flowers. The average
pupil, it has been found, shows a much
keener interest in a garden of his
oWn than in one owned in common by
all the school. Individual gardens
stimulate pride in ownership and the
work of caring for them encourages
system. skill. and judgment. Par
ticipation in the care of a community
garden does not develop the idea Of
individual responsibility and conse-
quently interest and industry are usu-
ally lacking.
The limited area usually available
for school garden work makes it i'm
perative that tall-growing. broad
ieaved, and climbing plants must be
excluded. Radishes, lettuce. beans,
heets. tomatoes, and other plants
which grow in a compact bush form
are recommended for school garden
work.
The children should be allowed to
do all the work of preparing the land
as well as planting the seed and caring
for the plants. This can be accom-
panied by instruction in soil physics,
the teacher explaining the reason for
each step.
isadishcs-The seeds should be sown
in drills, in rich, well prepared soil,
placed about half an inch apart and
buried not deeper than / incl nor less
than one-half inch. When the plants
are showing the second set OF true
leaves they should be thinned to stand
from to inches apart in the row.
Lcttuce-The seeds should be sown
in drills in the open or in boxes in the
window. If in h open, the seeds
should be scattered about one-half
inch apart along the row, and covered
not more than one-half inch with
earth. Firm the earth well over the
seeds, so as to bring the moist soil in
contact with them. When the plants
are well up, thin to 6 inches apart in
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06

matter Of fact only 81 per cent of
the acreage was put in the silo two
years ago, the year in which these in
vestiGaticns were made. About II per
cent was cut for green feed and 81
per cent allowed to mature for grain.
1t Is in the last portion of the acreage
that the greatest waste occurs. Strip
ping the leaves from the stalks which
are subsequently burned, removing the
stalk above the top ear only, leaving
the stalks to stand in the field until
the loss Of leaves and teaching have
removed much of the fertilizing
value, are all unthrifty methods. Fur
thermore, almost four per cent of the
slower is burned. as though, instead
OF being a potential source Of revenue,
it was merely a nuisance to be gotten
rid of as a preliminary to plowing.'
In some States the percentage of sto-
yer that is thus thrown away is as
high as. I or g per cent and the total
loss to the country from tho practice
is estimated at nearly $4,000, 900 a
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06

above. three-sixteenths inch wide,
nerves separated into pairs by white
lines when viewed by transmitted
light.
This grass closely resembles both Italian rye
grass and perennial rye.erass. 1t may nc dis
tinguished from Italian rye-grass by its rough.
marsined blades (test with the tongue, and
also by the nerves in the blades. Perennial
rye:grass is distinguished by having its leaves
folded in the bud.
Quack-grass is a pa1e-green peren-
NAL, creeping by its long rootstocks.
leaves rolled in the bud; ola broad.
continuous, hairy; auricles slender
clawlike: ]igule membranous, short
entire: sheaths hairy, not compressed .
blades fiat, finely hairy at the base
sharp pointed. one-fourth inch wide.
nerves broad. not prominent: root
stocks strong. elongate. one-eighth
inch or more in diameter.
This is a common. very aggressive p-as.
The hairs. while quite noticeable in the spring
are often invisible in the fall unless a lens is
used.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06
WHAT IS A DAYS nOWI1see

Farmers frequently want 10 know
how much land can be plowed In .
day and how much work It requires
to break a acre. Records q the
Missouri College Of Agriculture o.
2.122 acres of land show that It ~
auired 81 hours Of man lsboF and ~
hours OF horse labor for. eaeA scxs.
OF course, the time required 70 paDw
an c r WIN depend on the siso e ~
pillow and tho number Of hoe0O Uol.
A four-horss sang pIow WIN tvo
l3-inch bottoms win svsRaeo abeut
%.12 acres . day Of 90 ho0Fv whs 4
10 running s inches deep TAs anaas
pillow running 3 inches desp wa bseak
q quarter Of an nero len! Ataeo-ioguo
suiU with = ~ or 1s- inch bottom
wtn sweEase about Is scros q . e-Eeh
depth and about o. of an aoso Len
for the s-inch depth A two-hoEDe.
14-ineh waiting p,ow vim break shost
LIS aeresa dag II . 1iDeh deplh -
sbo0t 81 sH1 hD It - 0AAA AapGA.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06
UTILIZE EVERY ACRE.

In some way or other every acre
on the farm should be compelled to
do its duty according to its ability. A
ioafer is wholly Improbable and is
very likely to get into mischief; and
loafing acres are no exception. II
they are not required to produce
some useful crop they will produce
weeds. and the seeds will be scat
tered by some means or other over
the entire farm. Don't have any loaf
ers about you house or your barns.
and don't have any loafing acres on
your farm.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06

will answer for the heater, a platform
should be made three feet square.
using ks inches on the sides and one
end, SO that it will set eight inches on
the ground and covering with matched
lumber so hat the floor will be tight.
In the center of this cut out a hole
with a key-hole saw. just large enough
for the smaller Of the lard pals to
1T in, and tack so hat it lets in none
of the lamp gas. This pail should be
tight. Now take some one-inch bat
tens and nail around all sides OF the
platform, leaving an opening Of three
inches in one corner for fresh air, and
put on another layer Of the matched
stuff. thus making a one-inch air
space between the two. This Is the
brooder floor. and should have a hole
in the center hat will let the larger
pail set In and slip over the small pail
in the lower platform. The large pail
should be well punched with nail holes
one inch from the top as it sets. which
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06

weed seeds thAt get INTO DE syU -
The chicks and cause trsabae WAsa
they scratch.
Bsgin Matching Ariy h AageA
Hatch At intervals and have an ~
chicks ont not later than Nay la.
II hens DO not vaAe to 1T n t1WA
get broody hens from . ne1gkbee -
. an incubator,
II We hatch chickens eRH II ~
spring they will begin TO ny when tAj
hens are melting.
Fresh eggs are highest IN H. hns
fall and winter. Thk 10 because evsgy.
body's hens take their annual voca130o
then.
Don't blame the hens; they always
have done IL and they always Wi.
They stop laying egg and gFoW .
new crop Of feathers instead.
During this "moiting pee3oA," -
p%oultrymen call It, nobody has many
Eggs to sell until the young puilsas -
gin to lay.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06
A VAST QUANTITY OF CATTLE FEET WASTED
Farm products shat Might WenG 30 to the Economical Production Meat Are Now Pu
L@sP Profitable Uses; Some of These Are Absolutely Dexroved

A great deal of feed available fol-
cattle is now either wasted absolutely
or put to some less profitable use
Failure to utilize the full value of this
material has increased unnecessarily
the cost of producing meat, has di-
minished the profits from cattle feed
ing. and has discouraged many farm
ers from engaging in an industry es-
sentlal to their permanent prosperity.
According to reports of experts,
who nave made extensive experiments
along this line. the loss in grain straw
and corn slower amounts to more than
$l00,00C, 900 annually. Both OF these
products are disposed Of i.aost o
cmically when fed to cattle in con-
nection with some form of con-
centratad feed Straw Is especially
valuable in carrying the breeding
herd through the winter, in wintering
stcch rs, and as a supplementary
ron hase for fattening cattle. Sto-
Yer. too, is an xccllerf feed for vim
ten cattle. especially mature breed
inc cnws. Nevertheless, in many Sec
lions Of the country where these prod
u y are abundant, little attempt is
rail- take advantage Of their value
for tNesa purposes.
% "n annual straw crop of ap-
pro n.atciy 100 900, 900 tons, it is es-
1 r:tt"! tl;t only two-thirds Is put
I g ,r.t nse-I.ve stock production.
IT 70 "n.rainJer a little more than
..c- ,a'r Is sold or turned under and
the r"-11 per cent of the total crop
t"1ned Turning is practically an
/: sr1ft waste ana although nlcNjnp
COW a'I "''houSh p!""ins
contribute something 10
're pener' 10 inc lana
" "a ""'on Mo"'o " "e-
1ua" ~
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06
Ration 2.
COttonSeed mes

In this connection 1t is pointed out
also h a feeding straw in the winter
will insure under certain circum-
stances the full utilization of summe
grass. In a number of Western
States it frequently happens that grass
goes to waste because feeders are un-
willing to pay the high prices asked
for steers in the spring. With an
abundance of straw on hand to lessen
the cost of wintering. feeders can take
advantage of the lower prices for
stocker cattle in the fall to secure
on reasonable terms at tina time
enough stock to pasture all the grass
the following year.
The production Of corn stover is
about twice that Of grain straw,
amounting to approximately 245, 00O,-
GOO tons a year. A larger percentage
-S1.5-of this is fed than of the
straw but the waste is nevertheless
astonishing. For this, poor methods
of feeding are largely responsible. BY
far the most economical method of
handling corn IS by ensiling, but as a
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06

evenly owe the surface. The seed
should be slightly covered by drawing
the back of the rake over the bed.
Poppies 10 not stand transplanting.
and mustNb be sown where they are to
bloom Care should be taken to dis
tribute the seed evenly and not in
punches, for II there Is much dis
turbance Of the roots at the time Of
thinning. the plants will not do SO
well as when left u~ndisturbed. The
Shirley poppy, . very SNOWY and At
tractive variety, may be obtained II
many coaorR. The individual blss-
SONS, however, are exy short lived,
and as compared with many other
plants its blooming season is short.
The plants are 80 attractive when TN
bloom, however. that they ara wen
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06
ALASKAN DOGS.

Last winter the French authorities
imported from Alaska and Canada sev-
eral hundred trained dogs for drawing
sleds in the Vosges mountains. They
proved so useful that they have been
employed during the summer in SINH
lar work, though they now. draw the
sleds on small railways. Eleven dogs
with a couple Of men can haul a load
Of a ton up some of the most precipi-
tous slopes In the mountains. The
Alaskan dog Is the best, II Is said.
His courage w fails, and he will
work till he drops.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06
DAIRY COWS.

The great demand for dairy prod
ucts has caused the price of good dairy
COWS to be very high. Reports from
associations of dairymen show tina, Il
is impossible to buy tirst-class dairy
COWS at even $50 a head. With such
a demand for cows in old dairy dis
t~ricts, there will be few good COWS
moved into new dairy territory. So,
the only way new districts can be sup
piled must be by breeding up the COM
mon stock by the use of good dairy
bred bulls.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06

worth planting. A succession a sov-
ings will prolong the blooming ssassa
The California poppy should slss b
sown early but does not require -
early sowing a the other popptsA. Il
is handsome and will bloom during .
longer period than the Shirley poppy.
The other plants in the list may b
sown In a seed bod and be transplaateA
from there to the permanent location,
but 1t is usually better to SOW the
seed in the permanent location
Balsams or lady's slippers. castor
beans and p%ortulaca also arr best
sown where they are to grow but they
should not be put IN the ground until
it is warm enough to grow beaos anA
tomatoes well-that IL abouf tho tine
corn IL coming mp Or oak losves axe,
half grown. These plants ooah ID
grown IN = cold frame Ntv3ous e
this date, but there -, lietle 70 BE-
gained from this msGhod- 4
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06
GOOD COOKING IMPORTANT.

What is home without a cook? =
and the old Jingle OF the lack Of q
horseshoe nail losing a kingdom. may
be truthfully paraphrased:
Fol the lack of good cooking d.
gestion is ruined;
For the lack of digestion health
and temper are ruined:
For the lack of health and temper
business is ruined;
For the lack of business the home
is ruined:
And all for the lack of q we'll
trained cook!
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06

Meadow fescue is a tufted. glabrous.
dark-green perennial; leaves rolled in
the bud; cellar broad, continuous;
auricles none: ligule membranous,
short, t%runcate; sheaths not COM
pressed, reddish pink below ground;
fiat, sharp pointed, rough on
she margins, glossy beneath. nerved
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06
HOW TO MAKE A GOOD BROQp0

II chicks are matched night. from the
right kind of stock, almost any kind
Of a brooding device will raise them
successfully; IL not, II is a hard mat
ter to raise them at all
According to Mrs. H. F. Hoyt .
successful chicken fancier, q good
homemade, lamp heated brooder may
be easily made. as follows: Two
pals, one OF the ordinary hve-pound
lard pals. and one of the 1o-povnd,
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06
PLUM

The farm fock can be msde nero
profitable by combating the Douhsy
business with the growing Of fruit
The birds need shade Ia order to Do
the best during the hot days Of SUM
mer and for this purpose plums ca
be grown in the poultry yards to god
advantage
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06
KEEP COWS CLEAN.

To keep dirt and bacteria out Of
milk. the cows must be. kept clean. es-
pecially in the region Of the udder.
The milk should be drawn into a COW
cred pail which Ia thoroughly washed
and scalded after each milking. Only
good clean water should DO used for
this purpose.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06
WEATHER AND SPRAYING.

Weather conditions nave a great
deal to do with spraying results, espe-
cially as to russeting Of fruit by Dor
deaux. II the weather is dry and
warm there is not so much danger as
when it Is. damp and cloudy.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-06
KEEPING LEATHER SOFT

II boots get wet, they should be
rubbed while still vet with a little
siycerine or oil. The leather will alb
serb it as it dries, and remain quite
soft instead of getting hard, as il
would do if nothing was applied TO
prevent it.