The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-01-14

measurements. with ceiling height of 76 feet in the clear The structure is made of concrete, because this ma terial has come into general farm use, and may be erected by the popltryman himself with the assistance of ordinary farm labor. Anyone who can handle a hatchet and saw and build wooden form can execute 8 satisfactory con- crete job, whereas certain amount of skill is required to lay up stone or brick masonry.
 The work of keeping the floor water proof should be taken up in connection with the excavation. Excavate to a depth of nine inches below the finished floor level. and fill 1t in with six inches of broken stone, cinders broken tile, brick bats or any other hard, porous material that will obtain per- feet drainage Never use ashes. Tamp this foundation material to solid bed, and it Is then ready for the concrete inches thick. The floor should be pitched to drain, for cleaning purposes And if the cellar is located in partic- ularfy wet ground. line of agricul- tural tile may be laid through the foundation material and led away from the building to lower ground or to dry we'll We would use a fin- ishing coat of cement on the floor or else trowel the concrete to a smooti surface.
 The walls should be about eighi I inches thick. as shown. For the con crete throughout we would use the fol lowing proportion: One part cement 2A parts sand. and five parts crushed stone, pebbles. cinders or slag. Tn, sand should be clean, sharp and coars, 1 and the large aggregate must be ire,
 of loam, clay or organic matter. w,
 would use a cement that is guaran teed to meet the United States govern | ment standard. See that it Is fresf | and in no way affected by moisture Needless to say, 1t must be stored ir 8 dry place, as even dampness vii l cause cement to set. and 1t is ther worthless.
 Measure the ingredients for con. crete; don't guess at them; and mis them thoroughly. The secret of good concrete is to have the ingredients so thoroughly mixed that no two grains of sand or pieces of stone lie together without an intervening coat ing or film of cement, to insure per feet adhesion.
 Forms for concerto, while they are simply falsework and afterward re- moved, should be securely built ol fairly good material. They should be strong enough to hold the weight of tho concrete without bulging out oi shape. Plan them so there will be no difficult measurements to understand and aim to use them over and over again. as much as possible, which greatly reduces their cost. They should be adequately braced in sections best adapted to the. work. and in sizes that are convenient to handle
 To estimate the quantities of ingrea- ients required for a concrete job, which will also give you an idea of the cost, first figure the cubical contents get the actual volume or capacity of the forms in cubic feet. Let this product represent the quantity of crushed stone. cinders or whatever Is used for the large aggregate. Then, If the desired proportion or mixture for the concrete Is 1-2M-5, since 2k if one-half of 5. the necessary sand, or small aggregate. will be one-half Of the large aggregate. or crushed stone. Similarly, the cement is onA- fifth of the large aggregate.
 INSURE PERFECT VENTILATION
 Proper ventilation is imperative. The egg chambers of the incubator must bS generously supplied with fresh cir at ell times. yet there should be no risk ot driving rains or direct currents of ail