davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1917-05-11

tn. marriage ~ Miss Linda Young.
daughter of Mt and Mrs =. ". Young.
to Henry !. uuhi. 1T Buhl. Ida. took
place Yesterday afternoon at the home
~ the groom The bride ~ one of
Helpers most popular young ladies'
Tn, groom De- also we'll and favorahlN
krnwn here having lived In lirlpc'
tor r. number of years They viii
make their home w iiuhi The Times
extends congratulations ana best
wishes for u long and happy welded
life Helper Times ith.
one ut the SWEETEST bridal shower
ever given IN Helper wiM that hy Mrs
J. g. Kayanagh Tor Miss Linda iounf
last Saturday afternoon. The Twins
rooms we're beautifully decorated
with hearts aud flowers. In the din
ing room punch was served by Mrs. y
H.. clark. Miss Sadie Lewis won th'
prize In q guessing contest. The brid'
rec iyed many useful aud bcauuiu
presents. Delicious refreshments wcr'
served by th. hostess. assisted bv Mrs
liz. n. Thomas aud Miss Sadie Levi.
Thos. present were Mechanics i. u
Young. william Floyd. r.. l.. clark. J.
| n. Metz. y. y. boss. a. J. Stafford, w
T. Hamilton. sam snyder. u. G, oib
son. N,ilio Dcmpson. and the Mise
Margaret AudHicy. Anna Crowley, Ma
lflc waugh. Frances welch. zen
Fioyd. Dorothca saucr ana sad
L.Wis.-iiciper Times. ith'
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1917-05-11
SOCIETY

Mr and Mrs. Lev, n Harmon of
S'lt Lake city announce the engage.
ment "t their daughter. Hessie. to w.
t. Spmford Of ProvoNF'he wedding is
10 take place boz June.
Ml-. George Collingham entertain
eo the Tuesday Evening Bridge club
ths week. The decorations we're In
the national coiors The favor went
To Mrs. g. ". Alderman. Choirc re-
Ir'shmonts were served.
There was u shower Monday night
az The home of Mrs 4. J. Leo In honor
of Mrs Mace Ni,holson-nce Flora
Lee. \ large crowd OF friends was
out and Mrs. Nicholson was the rccip-
lent 'i many useful gifts
Mr. and Mrs J ~ Ellertsou were
host and hostess Co e. number ~ the
high school faculty and their wives
Saturday evening Five hundred was
PLAYED until a sgasonsblc hour. after
which refreshments were served.
The Sun. [volume] (Price, Utah) 1915-1932, 1917-05-11

Horace s. Ensign. Jr,, who re-
turned from Carbon county yesterday.
reports that. with a normal yield. crop
production should run at least Is per
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1917-08-15

,lgnatius kcane, of Vail, was pleas
ant caller in the city Thursday.
Carl Richardson was at Carroll on
Monday transacting Business.
Miss Florence Rundlett of Vail, Wis
tied friends in DenisoI Friday.
Miss Violet Tempest was shopper
in Denison Saturday from Vail.
Irwin Mielk was business caller in
Denison Monday from West Side
Walter Schroeder, of Schleswig
was brief business caller in the
city Friday.
Mrs. John Howort:. of Dow City
| was among the out Of town shoppers
here Monday.
James Hickey was down from Vail
! Friday transacting business and call.
ing on friends.
Miss Blanche Slechta and Miss Ell.
sic Pieper were shoppers in Denison
Monday from Vail.
J. v. Barborka and son, Clifford
left Sunday for two weeks vacation
trip through Colorado.
Mrs. F. N. Olry and daughter, Car
! men, spent the week end at Schles-
wig visiting relatives.
Miss Emma Young, of Sac City. is
guest this week at the home of DR..
and Mrs. c. II. Stoulfer.
, Misses Mary and Margaret O'Con-
nell, Of Vail, were in Denison Monday
having dental work done.
John Harrington was down from
Vail Friday attending to some bust
ness matters at the county capital.
Miss Grace Bamford arrived home
Saturday from a months visit with
friends at Loveland and Boulder, Col.
Andrew Bell, Jr., and Gail Richard.
son left Sunday for Lake Okoboji,
where they will spend week or ten
days. M,&a
Miss Geraldine Faus, of Council
Bluffs, is visiting in Denison this
week with her cousin, Mrs. Hugo
Saggau. .,
H. F.. Finnern and family are en-
joying a weeks vacation out on the
Fred Schoenfeldt farm in Soldier
township. 81
DR.. and Mrs. R. O.. McConnaughey
and sons returned hore Sunday from
Lake Okoboji, where they enjoyed
ten days vacation. =,
Miss Jennie Evers. a resident of
Colorado Springs. Col, is spending the
week in Denison visiting her cousin,
Miss Emma Wilken
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1917-08-15

Mrs. II. w. BamfOrd and daughter
Miss Grace, are spending this week in
Chicago studying the fall styles in
millinery and purchasing stock.
Mrs. A. T. Curry returned home the
last of the week from Hinton, Iowa
where she has been enjoying visit
at the home of her daughter, Mrs. NJ
j. Rosberg.
Misses Ruth See.ander and Lydia
Jensen of the Balle-Brodersen store
departed Monday for two weeks va
cation trip. They will visit at points
in eastern Iowa and Illinois.
Miss Jane Burkhard. of ST. Joseph,
Mich, has been spending the past
week in Denison visiting her sister,
Mrs c. NJ. McGrath. Mrs. McGrath
and son accompanied Miss Burkhard
to st. Joseph, Mich, today, where
they will make a two months visit.
Tommy Mcmahon, who works for
VIM. Slavery, drove a Ford truck into
the electrolier out in front of the
opera house Friday morning demOlish-
ing it. Fortunately the car was not
damaged. The brakes on the machine
failed to work, which caused the ac-
cident,
Miss Willetta Strahan returned
home Thursday from an extended WIS.,
it at Clinton and Mason City. She Wis.,
} tied her brother, Oscar Strahan, at
| FIT. Smelling, Mimi, where he is in
| training at the officers reserve camp.
Miss Strahan will leave the last OF
the month for Mason City. where she
will teach in the public schools.
Mr.. and Mrs. B. Brodersen and chill
dren left Monday morning for Pine
Cone Camp, Mimi, where they will
spend two or three weeks. Mr.. Brod-
ersen purchased a lot at this camp
last summer and expects to build a
log cabin there this fall. They made
the trip overland in new Studebaker
touring car which Mr.. BrOdersen, pur-
chased last week of the Denison Auto
Co.
C. NJ. Dybro of the Boys store re.
turned Saturday from two weeks
trip to Chicago and New York, where
he purchased fall and winter goods
for the store. Mr.. Dybro says that
wholesalers report flourishing bust
ness, although goods are still very
high. In New York they are having
great trouble in raising their quota
for the army and patriotic meetings
are held each day on Broadway in
order to create enthusiasm. Mr.. Dybro
says the sentiment in the east seems
to be that the war will be won by the
allies without much difficulty.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1917-08-15
Miss Mabel Cole, Of Dow City, was
n ohor~or ~, nartor,r rChurcdax,

| Miss Mabel Cole, Of Dow City, was
a shopper in Derison Thursday.
Mrs. Isaac Howortil left Sunday fol
Omaha for few days visit with rel
atives and friends.
| Mrs. A. D. Randall and children left
last week for Minden. Iowa, for a few
days visit with relatives.
Miss Alice Stevens returned Sun
day from Upton, where she enjoyed
a weeks visit with relatives.
Miss Margaret Aebis cher, who has
been spending the summer with DR.
and Mrs. B. F.. Philbrook at Siou1
City, returned home Saturday.
Mrs. Guy Baker and children, OF
Grand Junction, are spending this
week in Denison guests at the home
of Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Wright. 4 -
Otto Reyer, decorator at the Bale.
Brodersen store left Sunday for Kan.
sas City, where he is spending the
week visiting his parental home.
L. A. Seemann, who has been visit
ing at the w. A. McHenry cottage
at Okoboji, returned to Denison Fri.
day VIM. McHenry accompanied him
back.
Mr.. and Mrs. Alfred Rowher and
Miss Helen Burch left Saturday for
a motor trip to West Point, Neb.,
where they visited over Sunday with
Mrs. Rowher's mother.
Miss Beatrice Lally returned home
last week from Bolton, Mo. where
she has been visiting her sister, Mrs.
Glen Mahon. The Mahon children
accompanied her home for a visit with
their grandmother, Mrs. p. e. c., Lal-
ly.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. Bollen and
daughter and Miss Maurine Hamley
returned home Sunday from Lake Ok
oboji where they enjoyed a months
vacation. Miss Vera Menagh, who
has been a guest at the VOss cottage,
accompanied them home in their car
The members of the board of SUI
pervisors and Louie E> ers, J. w. Mon
Afghan and w. j. Cramer returned
home Saturday from Waterloo, where
they attended the annual state Off,
GERS convention. They report large
attendance at the convention.
Bruce Rogers returned Saturday
from Rochester, Mimi, where he
spent several days with his wife, who
recently underwent an operation at
the hospital there. He reports Mrs.
Rogers to be rapidly improving and
expects her to return home some time
next week.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1917-08-15

| John Boil was a business caller i'll
Denison Thursday from Schleswig.
Arthur Winney, of Deloit. was a
pleasant business caller here Friday.
E. e. Newkirk, Of Dow City. was
in the city Friday attending to bust
ness matters and calling on county
seat acquaintances.
| Mr.. and Mrs. C. L.. Smith left the
first of the week for Wapello, Iowa.
where they are spending few days
visiting relatives and friends.
w. H. Schroeder has sold his 80
acre farm, located in Goodrich town
ship to John w. Miller, ST., of Deni-
son. Possession will Re given March
Misses Luella Richards and Hazel
| Aebischer went down to Perry Mon
day, where they are spending few
days visiting the formers sister, Mrs.
Chas. Stoncr.
j., W. Miller, Jr., sold his modern
residence located on Wall street to
Christopher Groth, OF Otter Creek
township, who will take possession Of
the same March l.
j. w. Miller, Jr, has let the con-
tract for a modern cottage to be built
on the Harthun lots in west DenisOn.
Building operations were commenced
the first of the week.
! DR.. and Mrs. J. C. Robinson and
daughter, Maxine, Miss Nellie Olson
and Louie Lochmiller returned home
Friday from Lake Okoboji, where
they enjoyed a weeks vacation.
The J. w. Miller, Jr, real estate
agency reports the sale of the Niels
Petersen residence on east Prospect
street to the C. H. Michaelsen estate.
Possession will be given October 1.
A. B. Cox has sold his residence To-
Gated on Washington avenue to Carl
Schultz, of Kiron, who with his fam.
lily will move to Denison next spring.
The deal was made by the }. W. Mil.
Ter. Jr., real estate agency.
Miss Ruth Plimpton, of Glenwood
daughter Of DR.. w. r Plimpton, &C.
companied by three young people,
spent the week end in Denison the
guests of Miss Margaret Plimpton
The young people arc students of Des
Moines college and at Denison they
were joined by Bruce Corey, of Ida
Grove, another Des Moines college
student. On Sunday evening Mr. Cor.
ey delivered a talk at the Baptist
church, telling of his experience on
the border last summer as a worker
in the army Y. M. c. A.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1917-08-15
PAGE FIVE

Miss Minnie Finnern returned to
Denison Friday from five weeks
vacation trip, which she spent visit
ing relatives and friends at points in
Wisconsin and Minnesota. Miss Fin.
nern is a compositor in the office Of
Der Denison Herold. G
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1917-08-15

Messrs. Chris Danielsen and Otto
Jacobsen returned Tuesday from an
auto trip to South Dakota. They went
as far north as Aberdeen and made a
duration stop at Redfield. They re-
port the crops looking splendid.
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1917-08-15

The man who would surely enlist
for the French trenches II he were
only younger, should try getting out
in the trenches in the back yard and
roofing out the weeds that are spoil
ing his garden. :'*
The Denison review. [volume] (Denison, Iowa) 1867-current, 1917-08-15
PAY FEE WHEN WELL

PAY FEE WHEN WELL s
Dr. Stockdale does not require any
money. except for medicine, until
cure is made or patient is satisfied
with results. ~
He treats Chronic Catarrh, Dis
eases of the Eye, Ear, Nose. Throat,
Lungs, Kidneys, Dyspepsia, Constipa-
ton, Rheumatism, Piles and all rectal
diseases.
If you are suffering from nervous
and physical debility, call to see DR..
Stockdale. ~
Blood and Skin Diseases and dis
eases of women. Consultation free
and confidential.
~ Address, ~
~ DIR. b. A. STOCkDALE y
Utica Building, Der Moines, Iowa.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1917-04-24
FOOD MEETING
At MACON TODAY
GOVERNOR HARRIS COMMISSIONS
1872 DELEGATES 70
ATTEND.

Atlanta. April 23.-Twelvc hundred
and seventy two delegates have been
commissioned by Governor Harris to
The great Georgia Food conference to
be held in Macon tomorrow morning
at 8 o'clock. and it g expected that
fully 80 per cent, ii not more, OF
them will be present.
The conference was called by the
State Food council appointed by the
governor i'll pursuance of the program
outlined by the great national food
council recently held in st. Louis un.
der the auspices of the federal gov
ernment The national council asked
the governor i'll every state to appoint
State Food council. which will work
out plans for increasing the food pro
duction in every state The Georgia
Food Council met last week in At
lanta and determined to hold a state
conference to be attended by dele
gates from every county commission
ed by the governor.
The conference will discuss the
general food situation in the state
and adopt such plans as may be APP
plicable to the state as 3 whole. The
delegates from each county will be
authorized and directed to form an
organization in their respective coun-
ties, Immediately on returning home
to handle the local situation. These
delegates in each county will ACT IS
the official representatives Of the M
tional government in handling tho
food situation.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1917-04-24
ADvE RTIs|NG MAN
SEES PROSPERITY
ST. ELMO MAsSENGALE POINTS
TO CANADIAN STATISTICS
AS PROOF.

Atlanta. April 23.-1'lere Is no
reason to get uneasy over the finan-
cial outlook-the war will bring good
times and great financial prosperity
instead of adversely, according to St
Elmo Massengale, the we'll known
Atlanta advertising man. who has
made a close study of the situation
and who is far from gloomy
He points out that Canadian say
ings bank deposits have nearly dor.
bled since the war, Notwithstanding
the fact that 100000 Canadians ops
of total population OF only 100000
are actually in the trenches.
Expenditures by the United States
government for the raising. training
and eauipping Of an army, for the en-
largement and Improvement of the
navy and fol- the building OF thou.
sands of merchant vessels. according
TO Mr. Massengale, will stimulate ev-
cry line of business.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1917-04-24
GEORGIA LEADS
IN COOPERATING
WILL EE FIRST IN THE SOUTH TO
PROVIDE Fca vocATi OVAL
EDUCATION.

Atlanta, April 23--Tho Georgia leg
islature at the regular session next
summer will have the distinction OF
being tho FIRST II the 'gouth to pro.
vide tho state machinery 70. rcceiy-
ing End disbursing Ceorgia's share of
the federal appropriation under che
Smith Hughes act for vocational
training
This act, which was carried through
the senate By Senator Ifoke Smith,
OF Georgia, and through tho house
by Congressman Dudley M. Hughes,
of thia state, provides large ap-
preparation, which will increase from
year to year, to aid the states in vo-
cational training.
In order for Georgia TO secure her
share Of the appropriation IL will be
Necessary for the legislature to create
designate board to receive and
disburse Il. The amount to which
Georgia Is entitled Is one of the larg
est of all the states in the south.
The modern trend in education is
dcyoting more and more attention to
vocational training, which fits the
young man and young woman for the
work that suits them best.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1917-04-24
GULF REFINING COMPANY
OFFERS EMPLOYEES BONUS

The Gulf Refining company an
pognces that all salaried employees
earning less than $500 per year
would be given q quarterly bonus
amounting OF 10 per cent OF their sal
aries This announcement was made
through Charles r.. Shepard, sales
manager OF the southeastern district,
with headquarters IL Atlanta, He re.
ceived a telegram from the company's
vice president requesting that he put
this bonus in force throughout his
district which comprises Georgia,
Florida and the Carolinas.
ION account OF the increased cost
OF living due to the war and It's re.
sulting conditions, We have decided
upon this bon,ss," said tho telegram.
This bonus will not be distributed at
the end O. the year as is customary.
but quarterly, so the employees will
gain moro benefit from it,
y. p. Roche IL the efficient rans.
ger Of the comDsny's business IN
Brunswick and this territory.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1917-04-24
ATLANTA To HAVE
HEALTH PAGEANT
PHYSICAL PREPAREDNESS PA
RADE WILL HAVE OVER
LOO PARTICIPANTS.

Atlanta. April 23-Seyenteen hun
bred men, women and children will
take part in e great physical pre-
paredness pageant in the Atlantis au-
ditoTium early in MAY. Nine differ
emit institutions will be represented
in the performance. which will be
given in the interest Of a higher de-
gree Of physical efficiency.
Among those who will participate
are $50 men and 200 boys from the
Y. M. G. A.. including some OF the
most prominent business men in the
city; 200 students from the Georgia
School o, Technology: 200 girls from
the Y. w. G. A. in aesthetic dancing
and drill demonstrations: 200 stu
dents from the Georgia Military AGA
denny in military drills, dress parades.
firing the salute. ETC.: zoo boys from
the Tech High school in marine
drill. $50 boys from the Boys High
school in special drill; $50 children
from the kindergartens IN chilarea's
pvmnastic exercises $50 girls FROM
Agnes Scott college; 100 or more Bow
Scouts
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1917-04-24
CAPT.C. ANDERSON
GETS BOUND OVER
MAYORS COURT HOLDS CASE TO
SUPERIOR COURT UNDER
$500 BOND.

Captain Charles j. Anderson, OF the
steamship Emmeline, which runs be
tween Brunswick and E'crnandina
Fla, was yesterday afternoon in the
mayors court bound over to the SUI
perior court under $500 bond He is
charged with violating section 10 OF
the new bone dry STATE law, which
states that mere transportation by a
common carrier, Of liquor into the
state, is prima facie evidence of guilt
Of it or its agent.
Captain Anderson claimed that he
was not aware that the trunks ard
suit case, seized by the police had
contained liquor, and his attorney,
Max Isaac, argued that though the
act of transportatio was prima facie
evidence, yet it was for the court TO
determine whether or not there was
guilty intent.
City Attorney Colson sprung a SEN
sation in court when he read section
81 of the law, which empowers the
sheriff or ether arresting officers,
to seize and hold any boat. City all
thorities have not yet decided whetn.
er they shall seize and hold and ii
due process institute condemnatio
proceedings on the Emmeline.
In binding the captain over, Mayor
Hopkins said: while | like yoa
personally, / conceive it my duty t,
bind you over and l sincerely hope
that in the higher court you will &c.
full Justice"
Proceeding to the prosecution OF
the case, City Attorney Colson also
declared q sincere regard for the de
PENDANT personally, saying: Captain
Anderson is a personal friend of mine
but these things happen in life
time, and if he wants to get mad
why | can't help it. l am sorry, BIZ
it is the law and my duty
During the hearing, Officer Good
bread described how two marked
trunks and four suit cases were takeI
to Fernandina, loaded on q dray ant
taken straisht to Jim Peterson's sa
loon, short distance away, where
in about an hour, the dray brough'
away and loaded on the boat the twt
trunks and another, and three of the
marked suit cases. These were sub
gequently found to have been loaded
with whiskey OF various kinds. Thc
trip Of the Emmeline in question was
Friday last when the Confederate Vet
Grams held their picnic.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1917-04-24
HARDING BACKS
ROOSEVELT PLANS
WANTS TEDDY TO GET TROOPS
AND FIGHT WITH FRENCH
REPUBLICS ARMY.

Washington, April Ex-senator
Harding opened the fight in the SEN
ate this afternoon for the acceptance
of Col Roosevelts offer to raise a
division Of troops.
Senator Harding's measure pro.
vides for the raising of four divisions
of troops outside Of those raised by
selective CONSUMPTION, so that the
measure cannot be knocked out as
special legislation.
The question w9s referred by Pres
ident Wilson to congress after the
war department announced il must,
because OF precedent. decline the col
onels offer.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1917-04-24
CATHOLICS HOLD
AA MISSION WEEK
REV. JOSEPH RICHARD CLARK,
o. p, OF LOUISVILLE, DOING
THE PREACHING.

Conducting a weeks mission at the
Catholic church, the Rev. Father JOS
eph Clark, of Louisville, will deliver
q sermon tonight beginning at 5
O'Clock on Marriage Sanctity and
Obligations" and tomorrow right his
theme will be THE Lord Thy God
Thou Shalt Adore"
The musical program this evening /:
Ave Marie" duet, by Miss S:lez
and Mrs Calnan.
20, Salutsus," by Mr.. Taylor.
"TautUm Ergo" by choir.
Musical program "Wednesday night:
Solo by Mr.. Harley and choir.
"A SaIutani" by quartette.
Hymn, "Tautum Ergo" by choir.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1917-04-24
RUSS REPUBLIC
Requests GUNS
LET'S MUNITIONS WoRKMEN DO
AS THEY THINK BEST
THROUGH COUNCIL.

Petrograd. April 23!-Demands for
more guns and munitions are being
made on the republican government
ton OF the German forces on the
Russian front.
Premier Lvoft, minister of Ways,
ana other officials have addressed =
proclamation to the workmen i'll mu-
nitions factories saying that the fate
of Russia is in their hands and urg-
ing tho maximum of production.
The council OF workmen and sol
ders has been reformed owing to
the anweildiness OF its large member
ship.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1917-04-24
BERLIN STRIKERS
CONTINUE THEIR
DEFY 70 KAISER
This Is in Spite OF the German
Press Reports That TrOu-
bic Had Ended.
THE SITUATION is OMlNDUS
Sweden's p0puIace Also Grows
Revolutionary and Cries for
Republican Government and
Cheaper Food.
THE SITUATION is OMlNGUS

London. April 23.-With rigorous
censorship Instituted over agitation
for Va republic both in Germany and
Austria-nungary. it is reported today
that the revolutionary spirit, Which
is rampant Throughout every coun.
try continues In Germany aud found
demonstration III Stockholm and 9th.
er Swedish cities in the form o. ricts
which demanded cheaper food and
the institution Of republican form OF
government.
The words revolution" and "re.
pablio' were used openly and freely
by many, which caused tho royal cas-.
dies guard TO he heartily strengthen
cd Students of Scandinavia here
assert that should a republican move.
ment develop in Sweden. beth Nor
way and Denmark are sure to follow
suit.
With the precedent of II. O. Wells,
the sociologist and author, many
prominent men are urging tao es.ab.
lishment Oh a republic Of Great Brit
ain. Such move it ia argued will.
be an inducement for the American
republics to unite with the allies in
a league which will not declare a
separate peace under any circum-
stances, which Is . prime policy OF
the nation.
The Brunswick news. [volume] (Brunswick, Ga.) 1906-2016, 1917-04-24
VETERANS URGED
ATTEND REUNION
GENERAL HARRISON SAYS IT
WILL BE ONE or THE NorA-
BILE EVENTS OF HieToRY.

Washington, April 23-The Confod.
crate reunion committee gave out to-
Cay general order from General
George p. Harrison, commander in
chief of the United Confederate Vet.
Grams, Urging a full attendance at the
annual reunion here, June 4 to s. Vt
points out that great reception IL
waiting for the veterans and says tho
reunion will be one OF the most nota-
BILE events in American history.