davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
SCIENCE IN RAISING POULTRY
important Problem ls to Ascertain
How Many Eggs Each Hen lays-
Hens Make Best Mothers.

The time has come when more at
tention must be given to high produc-
ton in the farm flock. 1t is not enough
that the poultry fanciers breed up
their layers and attempt to increase
the strain. Farmers should breed up
their own flOcks.
We should know what the hens pro-
duce and let their stay on the farm
depend upon what they pay. This Is
the only business way to look at poul-
try raising.
Trap nesting Is the fancier's way. 1t
Is good way, but other ways may be
devised to keep records Of the hens.
The important problem is to find out
how many eggs each hen lays and
when she lays them.
Summer layers are not near as inn
portant Us early spring and winter
layers, for winter eggs always bring
better prices, so do early spring eggs.
It follows from this that hen that
lays in winter, though she produces
fewer eggs, may be more profitable
than a summer layer.
But authorities tell us not to keep
hens till they are very old. They say
the second season Is generally the best
for laying hen. But there is need of
more records on this subject. Anyway,
hens make better mothers when old
than when pullets.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
COLLEGE MEALS Ar 7 CENTS
Boarding Hall at Kentucky Institution
Shows Profit-Feeding 1,4o0 at
This Rate.

Berea, Ky.-In order to prove that
high cost of living has not reached every
part of the country, Berea college, in
the Kentucky mountains, is responsible
for the statement that its 1,40O stu
dents are fed at cost of seven cents
per meal, that they gained several
tons" in weight, and that the boarding
hall made net gain of $550.49. In ex-
planning this record President Frost
Of the college refers first to the econ
Omy of numbers, some 1,400 students
being in constant attendance in the
five departments. Another explanation
Of the seven-ccnt meal is the fact that
most of the students are accustomed
to plain fare, so that they almost
unanimously choose to go without tea,
coffee and butter TO reduce expenses.
To offset these omissions the "balance
ration" has been introduced.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
home GARDENS
AND ROTATIONS
sorATIoN OF CROPS ADVOCATED
FOR IMPROVEMENT OF
SOIL FERTILITY.
SYSTEMATIC PLANTING PLANS
LARGE Amount OF Food Products May
Be Had From q Small
Area OF Land.

College Park, Feb. 15.-ln his WORK
with the various County Demonstra.
tion Agents, s. B. Shaw, Specialist IN
Horticultural Extension, has had an
excellent opportunity to make = care
full study of home gardens In
recent article on this subject, MI
Shaw says: "The advantages OF hav'
ing a garden from which an abundance
Of fruits and vegetables can be had
are well-known. In some instances
however, the land used In the produc'
tion Of these crops does not yield as
abundantly as 1t might If the garden
was planned so that every part would
be growing some crop each month IN
the year. To bring about this condi'
ton it is necessary, first to lay out
the garden in such way that the
greatest amount of work can be done
in the shortest time, and then prac-
tice a system Of crop rotation.
Sometimes fruit trees, shrubbery
or flowers are planted promiscuously
throughout the garden. This practice
has its disadvantages, in that 1t is diff
fcult to plow, harrow and cultivate
around trees and shrubbery without
injuring them to some extent.
Few people realize the large
amount of food products and income
that can be derived from the syste'
matte planting and cultivation Of
small area of land, when devoted to
the growing of garden crops. Too
often the planting ceases with the first
crops sown, and when these have
matured, the fertile soil is either al
lowed to produce magnificent crop
of weeds, or else remains idle until
the following season.
1.-THE systematic rotation OF farm
crops have been advocated for a mum
Der Of years, the principal end in view
being an improvement Of soil fertility.
A well-planned rotation Of garden
crops brings about this same result.
and In addition accomplishes two
other purposes. 1t affords a greater
amount of food supplies for longer
period Of time, and, to a certain ex
tent 1t aids In the control Of certain
insect and disease pests.
"As rule, most insects and dis
seases attacking garden crops can be
controlled by the application OF suit
able poisons and chemicals In the form
of spray materials However, some
OF these troubles, particularly those
diseases occurring in the soil. are hard
to combat in this way. Rotation often
proves the only remedy In instances
OF this kind, hence the advantage OF
having a well-planned system OF grow
ing the different crops.
insects and diseases thriving on
plants belonging to a certain family OF
class Of plants will often find the
plants Of different family entirely
unsuited to their use. For instance.
beets, parsnips and turnips are seldom
affected with the same troubles that
prove destructive to cucumbers,
cantaloupes and watermelons, and vice
versa. Here, too, a carefully planned
rotation often proves an effective
means of control for various garden
troubles"
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
VR\IIARD
GLrANINGS
TIME TO MULCH STRAWBERRY
Covering Should Be Put on After First
Severe Frosts and Left Until
Late In Spring.

In our northern ATTITUDES the mulch
should be put on after the first severe
frosts and left on until the ground Is
well warmed in the spring. Where
no form of mulch Is used, the fibrous
roots are subjected to periods OF al
ternate freezing and thawing with the
result that many are destroyed. The
most desirable mulch Is one that con-
tains no weed seeds and does not bury
the plant to the exclusion of air circu-
lation. Wheat and Oat straw, sWale
hay, coarse, strawy horse manure,
brush and seaweed have been used
more or less, but the first four named
are the most satisfactory.
The mulch should be applied care
fully, else 1t may do more harm than
good If too thick, the plants are
smothered and if too thin there Is lit
tie or no protection, so about an inch
is sufficient covering for the plant,
with three or four inches applied be.
tween the rows, varying somewhat
according to material and climatical
conditions.
In the spring the mulch should be
carefully removed from the top Of the
plants and banked beside them. If
entirely removed, the berries are spat-
tered with dirt during rainy periods
and lose much Of their attractiveness
and sale value. The mulch beside the
plants tends to retard the growth of
weeds as we'll as to keep the fruit
clean.-Maine Department Of Agricul-
ture.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
MANAGEMENT OF BRED soWs.

College Park. Feb. 15.--In a recent
article written especially for the
County Demonstration Agents for use
in connection with the local Boys
Agricultural Clubs throughout the
State. 8. s. Buckley, Animal Industry
Extension Specialist. treats this sub
ject very thoroughly. He says. in
part: Get acquainted with the SOW.
Look her over often and carefully and
be sure that she is free from lice. II
she is kept with other hogs, they must
be free from lice. Use crude oil or
coal oil and lard about the ears, on
the inside Of front legs, on the sides
of the head and down the back. Don't
give the lice show to live.
Keep the pens and the yards clean.
Have dry bedding in the houses. Wash
the feeding troughs and keep them
clean at all times.
Feeding.
"The sow is being kept to produce
pigs. You are feeding the SOW really
for the good of those pigs. If the SOW
gets too fat, the pigs will get too rat,
and they will die at narrowing time.
If the SOW gets poor, thin and weak.
the pigs will be weak, and they will
die at birth or shortly after.
"You must keep the SOW fed well
with food that gives strength, and
which can be used to make the bodies
of these pigs strong without becoming
fat Corn or cornmeal by itself is not
the kind Of feed, because 1t makes fat
very easily and makes heat. Bran,
beans, peas, alfalfa and clover hay.
meat scrap, fish scrap and tankage
make hard, lean meat and give
strength. Grass pastures are good and
help to keep the bowels in proper con-
dition. In winter time grazing on
rye, wheat or clover is good, but il
the sow cannot Craze, she should have
some sliced potatoes, beets or other
root crop to help regulate the condi-
tion OF the bowels. Keep the SOW in
good condition without allowing her
to become fat AS the time approaches
for her to farrow feed her plenty of
grain for strength and roots for regu.
lators.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
FOLLOW-WOR IN ORCHARDS
According to PomoIogists, II Is Essen.
tial to Gather Up and Burn
All Branches Cut.

It Is as essential to do the following
work after the pruning has been done,
as 1t Is to do the pruning, according
to pomologists. The following sugges-
tiOns are well to follow after the prun-
ing is done:
/. Gather up and remove from the
orchard all branches and twigs that
have been cut off. Burn them. They
afford homes for the diseases and the
insects that will attack your trees If
the rubbish is left on the ground.
2. Cover the wounds with coat Of
good lead paint. This helps to keep
out the water and prevent disease or
decay.
3. Spray the trees with solution
OF one gallon commercial lime-sulphur
to eight gallons of water. Spraying
just after pruning reduces the cost Of
applying the material as there is less
brush to cover than at other times.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
Moonshine Wn,eky Hioher.

Atlanta, Ga.-NI Donsbiners Of the
Piedmont in Georgi;,. Alabama, Tennes-
see and the Carolinas are not SO slow.
They have taken advantage of the high
cost of living arguments put forth by
the city manufactn crs and as Il result
noonshine liquor tllut used to sell for
% cents u gallon now commands 81 a
gallon.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
WILL PROTECT FRUIT TREES
Pine Tree Lizard Devours Many In.
furious Species Of Insects-Makes
Attractive Pet.

The food Of the pine tree lizard
consists largely Of snails, snow bugs,
spiders and insects Of at least six diff
ferent orders. Many injurious species
of insects are eaten. This lizard Is
an interesting species and one which
is said to make an attractive pet. 1t
submits to being handled and thrives
in captivity If kept in dry place with
plenty of sunshine. 1t has been stated
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
PROFITABLE TO RAISE GAME
Money Can Be Made With Pheasants.
Buffalo and Deer-Feed Cost 10
Not Very Large.

1t costs no more to raise pheasants
than chickens, and pheasants sell at
from SIS to $50 pair, according to
the variety; the Chinese ring-neck
sells at about $3.50 pair.
1t costs no more to raise buffalo
than a COW, while the former sells at
about the price of ten cows; the cost
Of raising deer is about the same
as sheep, while the deer finds a ready
market at from SIS to $50.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15

a gnarled spot in the wood, like
wedge, exerting its force at right an
giles to the trunk, strengthening out
the most obstinate deformities.
But this must be done while the tree
is young, or the bark-wedge cannot
exert sufficient force to bend the
crooked trunk. This scheme Is par
ticularly useful in Strengthening up the
Bose and other pear trees, which are,
for some unknown reason, almost al
ways deformed by nature.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
MANY APPLE TREES INJURED
Spring canker Worm Does Great
Amount Of Damage In Kansas
Very Easy of Control.

The Kansas experiment station Is
Of the opinion that the spring canker
worm has killed more apple trees in
that state in single season than the
San Jose scale has done since its first
introduction.
Anything so easy of control as the
canker worm should not be allowed to
do serious damage. The canker worm
is a leaf-eating insect and easily poi
soned by spraying.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
TREE WITH CROOKED TRUNK
Scheme Outlined for Strengthening Up
Bose and Other Pear Varieties,
Always Deformed.

Young trees with crooked trunks.
either from wind pressure or from
distortion in the nursery may be
Strengthened easily, as follows: Be-
fore the sap starts in the spring make
about three parallel Sits lengthwise
Of the trunk on the concaved side Of
the trunk. This will arrest the flow
Of sap at that point, causing the bark
to thicken. This in turn will produce
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
RUNNER DUCKS ARE FAVORED
Especially Adapted to PouItryman
Who Wishes to Produce Eggs and
Raise Some Meat.

The man who desires dual pur-
pose fowl will find the Runner duck
suitable. This duck is especially adapt
ed to the poultryman who wishes to
produce eggs and to raise some meat
at the same time.
They are perhaps not so good for
meat as some of the other breeds, but
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
APPEARANCE HELPS TO SELL
Fruit and Vegetables Of Neat, Clean,
Uniform and Average Sized
Score High In Contests.

(By LEROY CADY, Horticulturist, Uni
versity Farm, st. Paul)
Neat, clean, uniform, average-sized
specimens of fruit and vegetables make
a better showing and will score higher
in contests than uneven and unmarked
able specimens. Appearance as well as
quality helps to sell goods. County
fairs and exhibitions should be one
means Of advertising good produce and
help to create q demand for it.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
TOP BUDDING IS DESIRABLE
Practice Is Better Than Grating for
Working Over Defective Trees
While Young.

Top budding is better than grating
for working over undesirable trees II
they are discovered while young.
After the tree has passed it's second
year in the orchard it should be head
ed back severely in early spring and
the new shoots budded in August.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
GIVING CHALK FOR DIARRHEA
Boiled With Rice II Will Cure and
Pass OF NaturaIly-No Harm In
Excessive Dose.

At the time of an outbreak of diar-
rhea, there often Is cry of cholera.
1t is false cry, but the trouble needs
treatment.
Boil some rice, and mix 1t with
plenty of powdered chalk-an excess
Of this will do no harm, as 1t will ef-
feet cure and pass off naturally.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
CULLS SHOULD BE FATTENED
Size They Should Be Placed In
Pen and Fed Corn.

AS soon as the culls have reached
proper size they should be fattened.
Place them in pen to themselves and
feed them food that contains a large
per cent of carbohydrates, such as
corn, or its milling products. During
the process Of fattening do not give
them any green food at all.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
PERFECTLY WILLING,

Lady--"Im worried about my com
plexiOn, doctor Look ut my face"
DOctor-"You'll have to diet" Lady
II never thought of that. What color
would suit me best, do you think?'-
pickings.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
Pine Tree Lizard.

by authorities that these little animals
may be utilized to advantage by the
grower Of tree fruits. A lizard in each
tree Is said to prevent insect injury
very largely and in addition to this
cause hesitation on the part Of the
would-be trespasser, especially one Of
a superstltious turn of mind.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15

they make good rOasters, friers and
broilers when they have been properly
fed
They are better layers than the aver.
age hen. From 200 to 250 eggs Is not
an uncommon yearly average for them
under good care.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
Where She'd Suit

The bride who tried to kill herself
when her husband stayed away from
home a few hours would make a
dandy wife for rich invalid.-Grand
Rapids News.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
Very True.

"Dar's a heap O. things I don't un.
derstand," said Uncle Eben; IAN
heap O. folks tryin' to 'splain 'em dat
don't understand 'em neither"
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
Peculiar Wedding Services.

In Persia the wedding service is read
In front of fire. In Nicaragua the
priest, taking the couple each by the
little fingers. leads them to an apart
ment where fire Is lighted, and there
instructs the bride in her duties, and
extinguishes the fire by way Of conclu-
sion. In japan the woman kindles
a torch and the bridegroom lights one
from 1t, the playthings of the wife
then being burned.
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15
Contemporary.

"Miss Ann Teek has had her house
furnished in colonial STYLE" "Well.
she ought to feel thoroughly at home
amid such surroundings"
Catoctin clarion., 1917-02-15

and wranged. You know, you have heard
them argue whether He'd be called Jack
or John or Jim before. Finally, one fellow
spoke up and said:
"Why not call him SOVEREIGN? His
mother was Virginian, his father an
aristocrat of the Carolinas. He comes
from the very best stock. He comes from
the very sweetest, ripest, mellowest Vlr-
ginia and Carolina tobacco. He is being
raised right in one of the cleanest, whitest,
healthiest homes on EARTH He is South
erner born, Southerner bred, Southern
gentleman-the king of them ala real
SOVEREIGN.
The twice-a-week Twin Falls times. (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1916-1918, 1917-01-09

ment of these assessments has to be
made out of the general fund and has
to be raised by direct tax levy on all
the property of the state.
In borrowing money for extraordi-
nary purposes, the state aims to shift
the burden to posterity when the in
creased values and increased popula-
ton will make the burden lighter, but
in this instance this policy is reversed.
The present generation is taxed and
burdened so that the coming genera
tons may reap the reward of the la
bors of the present one to an extent
that in my opinion it is wrong from
every standpoint
These appropriations to municipal
irrigation projects have been the
means of building up political ma
chimes in the districts in which the
lands are located, with intense riv-
airy biennially to get the candidates
pledged for large appropriations and
quite a considerable lobby is main
tanned at the sessions of the legis-
lature to influence the members in The
same direction.
The sovereign power of the state by
this law is made secondary to a pri-
vate organization, and, as a sovereign
state, is made amenable to the rules
and regulations of a few of the in
habitants of a district when the ma 4
agement of these various districts IS
not conducted on business lines and
the maintenance charges are too large
the state is bound to suffer loss.
BY this law the state board is given
/ authority to exercise the functions Of
the legislature in making apprOpria-
tions binding upon the legislature be-
fore it's members are even elected
With such a law on the statute books
there is no way to determine the nee as
sary appropriations to be made from
year to year by the legislature. 1t is
wrong to tax the man who builds his
own irrigation works and pays fol-
it himself and also to ask him to pay
for the irrigation works of some one
else
I manifested my disapproval of this
law two years ago and ! again desire
so to express myself in the hope tAa
some remedial legislation may be hat
whereby this burden may be taker
off the people and put where it he
longs, on the district and upon tine
people who receive the benefit and thC
people who receive benefit. In place
of these lands being an asset to th'
state, as the national government in
tended, they are liability and as sooI
as this liability is discharged and thu
state gets out from under these prof
ects the better it will be for all con
cerned.
The twice-a-week Twin Falls times. (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1916-1918, 1917-01-09

tract, or in a newspaper published
nearest to said tract, which expense
should be borne by the company. No
patents should be asked for from the
government for any of the lands I'M
der the Carey act until the lands
have actually been reclaimed and wat
er actually furnished for their irri-
cation for more than one season in
sufficient quantities to insure the
raising of crops
Irrigation Pumping Plants.
There are also under various Carey
act projects plants now under con-
structiOn whereby it is sought to irri-
gate dry land by pumping the water
thereon. In my opinion these ought
to be more safeguarded than they have
been in the past. Pumping plants, be-
fore they should be accepted by the
state and lands allowed to be sold
hereunder, should have a definite as
certained capacity and should be re-
Quired to possess contract for power
20 reasonable rates, so that when the
lands come into the possession of the
citizens, the power for pumping shall
not be a burden too heavy to bear.
! believe a law ought to be enacted
requiring that before any of these
lands may be thrown open for settle
ment, the public utilities commission
should first approve the power con-
tract so that when the lands are taken
over, the settlers may receive the ben
eft of the wisdom and experience of
that body.
State Lands Under Irrigation Districts
Under section 2439 of the revised
codes of the state, the state board OF
land commissioners is empowered tC
enter into contract with private irri-
cation systems under which the state
owns lands for the purpose of paying
maintenance charges as well as tho
amount of construction charges which
may be assessed against the lands
This section ought to be repealed. Tho
lands herein referred to were given t.
the state of Idaho by the national gov
eminent for specific purposes ant
were not intended to be used and sol,
all at one time, but were supposed K
be distributed over a term of years q:
mOseseekers desired them. The state
is simply a trustee for these lands Il
be used for the designated purpose
These irrigation districts have bee
organized and in some instances mis-
takes have been made, as they are
likely to occur in all new enterprises
The maintenance charges have grown
to be eXorbitant and the state has NJ
voice in the management thereof. no
can it vote at a meeting of the boarC
of directors, nor is the board of di
rectOrs amenable to the state in an.
way for anything, and in many n
stances the maintenance charges ar
made sufficiently high so that tn
state bears a large burden of the dis
trict.
When these lands are sold they ar
sold on 40 years time and the none
paid for their reclamation does not re
turn in full until the lapse Of that pc
riod, and it is then practically i'm
possible to divide the proceeds so tina
the general fund Of the state may b
J reimbursed, and while it may be un
l dertaken, it is not feasible The pay