davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-10-10
CG1eeyzx2S Sxx70g
(2~ L02S <IzS1I

that the momentous messages they
conveyed would make a library of
500 volumes. It was just prior to the
siege that BarreswiIl and Dragon per-
fected process of plicrophotography
by which two to three thousand letters
could be photographed on film two
inches long by an inch and half
wide. BY placing the negative or
positives in a stereopticon and throw
ing them on a screen, the messages
could easily be read. More than 49,
900 such messages were sent while
the siege lasted.
Pigeon Post For Berlin.
Immediately after signing the
treaty of peace Bismarck, realizing
the Importance of pigeon post in
war times, issued orders for estab-
fishing cotes of the best birds obtain
able in Berlin. These were main
| tanned solely for the use of the army
and Germany's army has been using
the hon1ing pigeon to considerable
extent ever since. BY 1874 there we- e
! official pigeon cotes established at Co
| 1ogne, Metz, Strassburg and Baden.
To stimulate the interest in breed
/ ing homing pigeons the Kaiser gave
annual prizes for the swiftest and
strongest birds and ten years after
the war there were ITS private hon.
ing pigeon societies in Germany own
| ing a total of 52,240 birds. exclusive
of those in the army cotes.
l. Germany's interest in the homing
pigeon was a stimulus to that in other
countries. Italy followed the ex-
ample set by France and Germany
and her cotes ever since have been
world renowned. She now has six
teen army lofts, all filled with the
very highest type of birds that breed
ers can produce. Russia has five OF
these military lofts and this means
several thousand birds, to say nothing
of the new crop of young birds that
ANNUALLY. come on, for the pigeon is
prolific as breeder
Spain Has Fine Lofts.
1 Spain has a magnificent collection
eof homing pigeons and it's official loft.
are among the finest In the world. IT.
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-10-10

it was the intense heat, or the great
distance, most of which was over
strange and unfamiliar surroundings
Astounding in dense tropical foliage,
none knows, but in any event Sunny
Jim did not return to his r Pennsyl-
vania cote until twenty-four days after
his liberation in the tropics. Blu. the
all important point is, he arrived.
Whereas the natural instinct of the
carrier pigeon Is to seek his cote the
moment he is liberated at some dis
tant point, nevertheless the armies
of the world are not relying on in
stinct alone. These birds are train
ed just as diligently and assiduously
as any other part of the wonderful
units that are being so masterfully
welded into a perfect war machine.
The training is only accomplished af-
ter weeks and months of patient effort
and now that the time has arrived
for our army to take its place in the
foreign battle line, great faith is be-
ing pinned to the feathered tribe that
is being transported across the seas
Dates Back to Pharoah.
The part the homing pigeons played
in the affairs of the world as previous.
ly stated. dates back to the days when
Pharoah's navigators were sailing to
Egypt and released these homine
birds to let those at home know the
date of their expected return. In the
seventh century, history tells us, the
| Arabs maintained regular pigeon
post. The burdens of the Dutch dur
ing the siege of .Leyden. were mate
rally 1ightened by the swift flying
pigeons which conveyed their mes.
sages and kept the lines of communi,
| cation open and safe.
The real value of the homing pig
con in war was best demonstrated
during the siege of Paris in the Fran.
CO -Prussian war, just forty-four year.
ago. In the course of this siege sew.
enty- four balloons were sent aloft al
freighted with homing pigeons which
were destined for Tours and othel
points. 1t is said that upwards O.
500 pigeons were sent from the Prov
inces to Paris during the siege ans
~
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-10-10

home and blindfolded. They arrived
at their cote according to schedule
Then their ears were sealed with wax
and still they arrived. But when their
nostrils were closed with wax the
birds. became bewildered and helpless
and foundered around, soon refusing
to fly at an. The scientists explana-
ton is that each locality has its indi-
vidual odor for the homing pigeon.
and by circling aloft the pigeon final
1y gets into the air current freighted
with the odor of the pigeons home To-
cality and by following this current
he arrives ultimately at his COTE
$50 Miles In Five Hours
A fight of ESQ miles in from fiye TO-
seven hours is regarded as an ordi--
nary feat for a pigeon. A few can
make 500 or 500 miles in the SANE
time. Some of the best records eve
attained were hung. up by American.
birds A bird named Nym, owned
and bred by ]. R. Husson of sCresson
Pa, flew from New York City to
Cresson, a distance of 243 miles. in
237 minutes. That was away back IA
1880. The birds average speed was
at the rate of mile in So u seconds
In q fight from New York to Steuben--
vile, Ohio. or q distance of 375 miles
San Francisco. owned by a Hoboken-
N. J., man maintained an average OF.
fifty miles an hour.seA record which
long stood was that sfEona Montgomery,
Ala, to Fall River, Mass 1040 miles.
made by Alabama, a noted bird. The
pigeon was in his loft ten days after
liberation .,ss> ssss
Some startling altitude records have
been achieved by homing pigeons, al
though it Is we'll known that the rari-
fed atmosphere greatly hampers the
birds in their flight During a bal
loon test In 1850 a flock of homing
pigeons were released at an attitude OF
90, oee feet They dropped like plum
NETS for several hundred feet. bur
upon reaching denser air they
Strengthened out on their course and
few straight home Other pigeons
tossed from balloons at great alti-
tudes have been frozen ito death in
their plunge through the rarided cur
rents and dropped like stonesst1 earth
Leo Stevens. the noted aeronaut re-
leased a flock while at IA. 900 feet in
the air and despite the fact the birds
were 200 miles from home. IN re-
turned safely and speedily
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-10-10
~ TYPE az
xzCZLI2e O5e0
~ G4e A<s122T ssos

aviation recruits are Cornell Univer-
sity; Massachusetts, Institute of Tech
noIogy, and the Universities Oh
Illinois, Texas and California n
course includes the construction care
and rigging of aeronautical engines:
theory OF fight including the construc-
ton. care and rigging of aeroplanes.
cross country and general flying, In
Guiding meteorology, astronomy, pho
Biography and instruments. aerial OBJ.
servation, reconnaissance. guDneryI
including the care and operation %
machine guns: bombs and bombing,
signalling and wireless, and militia
regulations.
Candidates for aviation service musI|
be graduates in this course, which -
taken in eight weeks, before they arr
promoted to the flying fields. The fouf|
! fields ready for occupation are lecate1'
at Dayton, Ohio; Rantoul. and Belle
vile, Illinois; and Mount Clemens.
Michigan. The course ins practical
flying is four months. : The standard
aviation field is. approximately one
mile square and provides accommodate
ton for two squadrons lof $50 stu
dents each with the necessary officers
and enlisted men. The field atrDay7
ton, Ohio. provides for -four squad
rons.
Over 10000 Trained Aviators Each
Year.
The Aircraft Production Board cat
culates that with the authorization Of
ltwenty-four aviation fields, each train
ing 500 students in four months. the
United States should be able to turn
4 out approximately q, 900 trained mill
itary aviators a year after the system
lis put completely into effect.
In anticipation of the transfer OF the
lnew airmen to the foreign fields the
UNITED States Government Is nov
building in France a duplicate of the
American standard two squadron field.
As the men leave the American fields
at the close of their four-months'
training they will proceed to France
On French soil under French INSTRUCT
ors and with French machines they
will complete their preparations fo1
actual work at the front. The trans
fer of the field of practice work with
tout unnecessary reimbursement Is pos
sible only because Of the, grasp Of
the whole aviation situation by ths
Aircraft Production Board, which has
standardized the training machines OF
the allies. =
The distinguishing insignia which
1.-The United States Government ha,
! adopted for all its military aircraft
Is a white star with, red center on
circular background Of blue.-2 Al
i9American airplanes, seaplanes,scaptiv
balloons and dirigibles will bear thi
, combination of the national coloTs-
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-10-10

eighteen lofts, all under military SUI
pervision, are scattered through the
kingdom with trained body of SOL
Portugal. like her neighbor, has gone
in scientifically for pigeon breeding
and uses them extensively for army
and secret service purposes. Portu-
gal has fourteen lofts; Sweden and
Denmark five each. Holland has no
government lofts for military pur-
poses, but her breeders have develop
ed, such magnificent homing birds that
they are in great demand by breed
ers of other nations. The Belgians
are very fond of flying their homing
pigeons and prior to the war nearly
every family had its private loft and
racers from these cotes were pitted
against each other. at frequent inter
walls each, year. The best of these
birds either were captured or else de-
stroyed by the German invader.
| 1t might be recalled that in the
little fire cracker warfare INDUCED in
between the United States and Spain
the homing pigeon was successfully
used by carrying messages from our
| fleet in the waters about Cuba to
points on land. Japan took her les
son from that conflict and at once in
stalled government cotes and these,
too, are under the supervision of
army and naval officers.
But. AL said and done France leads
the world in the utilization of the
carrier pigeon. There are upwards
of 1000 birds in the hands of skilled
breeders and trainers throughout that
Republic, all of which are subject to
be Communicated by the government
at an instant's notice. AS it is France
learning the value of these winged
messengers in the Franco-Prussian
war, now has twenty eight military
pigeon lofts, most of them along the
eastern boundary in the vicinity Of the
battle front. There are 100 birds IL
each of these lofts.
| Scientists Study the Pigeon.
French scientists after series OF
exhaustive experiments have decided
that the homipg pigeon relies upon the
sense of smell. rather than that OF
sight, to find its way home. This de.
cision was reached after testing every
sense these birds are endowed with
The senses of sight. hearing and smell
i we're all deadened in turn. First thu
birds were turned loose Tar from
The Bridgeport evening farmer. [volume] (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1866-1917, 1917-10-10

banking firm of Montgomery, Clothier
and Tyler, who serves as financial and
business adviser of the board. -
The Aircraft Production Board is
acting in closest cooperation with the
War and Navy Departments, and esd
pecially with the recently created
Joint Army and Navy Board on De-
sign and Specifications, which has
been intrusted by the Secretaries of
the two branches of the service with
discretion on all questions of design
and specifications in all forms of mill
tary aircraft, except dirigibles.
The membership Of this joint board
Includes: Major B. D. Foulois, U. s.
A.; Captain ". E. Clark, u. 8. A.;
Lieut.. A. K. Atkins, u. S. N; Lieut..
|. j. H. Towers, u. S. N; Assistant Ma
val Constructor, J. C. Hunsaker, u s.
M; Capt. e. S. Gorvell, u. S. A. This
group of advisory experts comprises
the most experienced fiiers in both
the army and navy, several Of them OF
lswor1d- wide note.
Aims OF the Aircraft Production
| Board.
The general function Of the Air.
craft Production Board is to bring
manufacturers together and helr
make their resources available to ths
Government; also to assist the Gov.
ernment IN stimulating the production
Iof better types and greater quantitie.
Eof air machines; to investigate and
recommend manufacturing plant.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25
ALLEGED HORSE
THIEF ARRESTED
Deputy Sheriff John d. Purdy Traces
Eugene Allen from Peru to
Hubbardton

BENNINGTON, Aug 25-Deputy Sher-
if John D. Purdy of Manchester arrived
here last night with Eugene Allen whom
he arrested yesterday at Hubbardton on
a charge of horse stealing. Allen. who Is
80 years old and has wife and two
children, had been at work for John
Russell in Peru The horse which he
stole belonged to the American Realty
company which operates lumber camp
IN Peru IN the winter and was turned
out in pasture for the summer The
animal is valued at $500 and was stolen
from the pasture by Allen.
Deputy Purdy states that Allen drove
to Granville, n y, where he traded the
horse with man by the name OF Sullivan
for another animal and $50 He then drove
| TO Glens Falls where he stole a COW which
he sold for $40. He was traced by the
officer to Fort Ann, y y, and to Gas
Teton and was finally located at Hub
bardton where be was working for A.
/ Dewey. Both Of the horses were recov-
cred. The man is now in the county jail
/ here
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25
DRAFT LAW CHARGES.
Proposal That Not All the Sons in
Family be Taken.

WASHINGTON, Aug. ga full
statistical report on the operations of
the draft law will be prepared by the
provost marshal general s office as soon
as the mobilization of the first incre
ment of 6S7 900 men of the national
army has been completed some time
early in October.
Pending the receipt of the reports and
careful analysis of the conditions it
proposed no steps towards calling a
second increment.
Gen. Crowder said that the call for
the second increment never had been
considered at any conference at which
he was present.
The first increment will fill all the
training areas 10 national guard
camps, and 10 national army canton
ments-to capacity.
The regulars are now 10000 above
full authorized war strength by vol
untary enlistment, and the national
guard is in a similar situation.
Training facilities already are taxed
70 make ready for the front men now
available.
Inequalities of an unavoidable nature
Will be shown in the statistical report
There probably will be some amended
regulations based on actual experience
with the first increment, and some
amendments in the law may be thought
desirable by congress.
1t is possible that some provision will
be made whereby all the sons of one
| family will not be taken. A new defini
| tion of the status of married men may
be one of the things acted upon
| Another matter to be worked out i;
| the status of aliens.
/ Still another is the status of mer
| who have passed beyond draft age sine,
| being drafted and that of those wht
have become of draft age III the mean
time.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25
CANADIAN WHEAT FOR EXPORT
Western Part of Dominion Will Have
Crop of 100000, 900 Bushels.

OTTAWA Aug 25.-Western Can
ada 5 contribution Of wheat this year
easily will be 200 ,000,00O bushels. A
large surplus will be available for ex-
port. Little difficulty will be expe-
rienced in harvesting it. These are
the cone lusions of Prof j. II. Grisdale,
director of the Experimental Farm and
the leading authority in the country on
agricultural conditions. He says:
'There is going to be an average, or
at least very close to an average, crop
Of wheat. In some parts of Manitoba
forty bushels to the acre will be the
output. The prospects in Manitoba
are for a great crop.
In the Province of Saskatchewan,
particularly in the south and southwest
erly parts, the yield will be light, but
of good quality,
Professor Grisdale says that twenty
bushcl; to the acre will be the yield in
the northern part Of Alberta AS a
whole the yield i'll Alberta will be ex-
cellent.
''The oat crop as a whole in the west
ern provinces is quite light and there
will not be much for export.
" \ surprising thing | found is that
some farmers are still threshing last
year s wheat, and lots of farmers have
| the year before supply still stored away
Some have not been able to market it
| Others are watching prices. -
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25
N. E. TROOPS AT AVER.
Vermont's 1,O49 Smallest Quota of
These States

BURLINGTON, Aug 25.-Vermont S
quota of ,049 drafted men will go to
Camp Devans at Aver, Mass, TO which
have also been assigned the draft quotas
from the other New England States
and from % exemption districts of New
York State. There will be a total of
81, 16S men at the camp from the New
England states, to which will be added
those from New York, the exact mum
Der of which has not been determined.
Vermont s quota of ,049 is the small
est of those of the New England States.
which are as follows: Connecticut
1927; Maine 1921; Massachusetts 90
| $50; New Hampshire 1904, and Rhode
Island 2,2ll. Vermont 1,049 men have
been chosen from the following dis
tricts:
| Addison county 1923; Remington 127
Caledonia 20; Chittenden 30; Essex AZ
! Franklin 46; Grand Isle 80; Lamoille 3
| Orange 6S; Orleans %; Rutland, first
! division $50; second division 81; Wash
ington %; Windham 0; Windsor oo8;
| total 1,049.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25
i. S. RELEASES
50 DUTCH SHIPS
Most of the Grain CargOes
Go to Relieve Belgians
by Agreement
PROPOSITION is
MADE BY HOLLAND
Willing to Turn Over to Use of Trade
of Entente Large Share of Merchant
Ships, But They Must Keep Out of
Danger Zone.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 25. ~ Belgans
viii get food quickly and neutrals will
have some Of their wants supplied through
an arrangement entered into yesterday by
the food commission and the governments
of the neutral European countries
1t was decided to let thirty or more
Dutch ships sail at once from an At
lantic port carrying grain owned by The
Netherlands government on condition
that the greater part OF the cargoes shall
be used for relief of the Belgians Be
tween fifty and sixty steamships ranging
in size from $500 tons to 10000 tons, and
loaded with foodstuffs equivalent to
l0,000,0G0 bushels of grain, are in the
Atlantic port, awaiting permission to saul.
1t was also announced that the Swedish
mission had sold at cost $50 600 bushels
|of wheat in this country to the Belgian
relief The wheat was bought by the
Swedish government last January and has
been held in elevators ever since This
will 20 forward Immediately in ships TO
be obtained by the Belgian relief commits
sion and viii take the cargo space OF sew
elal large freighters
In return the Swedish government viii
he allowed to ship 100000 bushels of rye
of the new American crop, which will be
available in September OF October Ne
gotiations between United States officials
ard representatives Of the neutlals have
leen in progress FOR several weeks
| Norway ease was presented by a mis-
sion headed by Dir \anscn, and complete
accord has been reached, it is understood
regarding commodities to 90 forward tc
that country Immediately Norway needs
! foodstutis and has ships to barter She i,
willing to devote 600 600 tons to the ser
vice OF the United States if she can get
| food in return 1t is understood that this
offer in part has ben accepted
| One Of the propositions made by Hol
land was 10 turn over to the use of the
trade Of the entente allies large share o
her merchant fleet on condition that tn,
shipa We're not to be sent into the DANCE
zone Norway would let her ships q
without any such proviso.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25
WANT 81 DOCTORS.
Three Massachusetts Hospitals to Hold
Examinations Soon.

BURLINGTON, Aug. 25-The can
for young graduates of the medical col
leges is still coming to the College of
Medicine of the University of Yer
mont, as to most Of the grade \ col
leges, and several hospitals have made
repeated applications for men TO fill pc
sitions as house physicians, internes,
etc. Many of these places permit first
rate experience in various specialties.
The Peter Bent Brigham, Massaehu-
sets General and Boston City hospi-
tails of Boston are after about 81 Young
doctors among them The two former
will hold examinations on September a.
i and the latter on September 1921
Various New York hospitals have ap-
piled again and again for physicians
and the bulletin board in the medical
college building has been filled with
their announcements.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25
PoULTNEY MAN BEFORE BOARD
Norman Knapp Wants Exemption That
He May Sail for France.

MONTPELIER, Aug %, = Norman
Knapp OF Poultney has appeared before
the federal district board of exemption,
asking for passports and credentials as
we'll as exemption, from the draft that he
may leave for France Immediately and be
attached to an ambulance driving corps
The board has the matter under con
sideration and it Is understood that moth
ing will be put in the way of the young
man taking the trip but that there may be
a little delay in securing his exemption
He had planned to leave Saturday to join
he rest of the corps at seaport city en-
| route to France.
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25
Business Opportunities

a RARE CHANCE, 5000 buys a bust
ness that will give steady employment to
3 or 10 men and pay profit Of $500 to
$500 per month Call after p. IN.
r. l.. Baldwin, Brooks House l4s-lj2'
RELIABLE PARTY with automobile
and $500 can get exclusive control OF state
III Vermont on one OF the best PROPOSE
tions ever put on the market Can easily
nuke - 900 gpnr ayesrsssGgly high ella s.
men need apply. Call after D. m f. l..
Baldwin. Brooks House. liS-lj2'
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25
men Wanted

for factory work aud to learn to operate
machinery in modern machine shop. No
experience necessary Age between 81
aud 30. Good pay while learning and
good opportunities for steady employ
ment with advancement. Working and
living conditions excellent, and no labor
troubles Population 10000. Apply
superintendent, Dean Pump Works, Hol
yoke Mass
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25
Saving the Nuts Face.

| Escape from the asylum is called
clipping, and elopement from the peni-
Tertiary is called escaping. The fine
distinction helps the "nut to save his
| face.-Oregonian
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25
For Sale

FOR SALE 1913 Saxon, six cylinder,
five passenger I. e., electric lights, self
starter, first class condition. viii dem
onstrate. Two extra rims and shoes;
also four extra tubes Price $3.50 Rob
rrt Rubeor, Hinsdale, y H. lj2 lj1
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25

TO RENT-Suite of rooms with kitch-
enette, gas and electric light, running
water, suitable for light housekeeping
SO Main st. l36-tf
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25

SPIRELLA CORSETS, with nnbreak
able and non-rustible boning which will
not punch through launder nicely. Sold
by Mrs. w f. Mixer, l07 Western Ave
Tel 1886 l05-tf
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25

TO RENT-Fiveroom tenement for
small family, bath, hot and cold water,
large garden, lots of fruit, no need Of
eat or dog. George ID. Odell, Sc Central
Street. 40 TT
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25

WANTED Beef and horse hides w
r Richardson Co. 20j-ti
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25

WANTED Transfers. w G. boo
little l40-tf
The Brattleboro daily reformer. (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1913-1955, 1917-08-25

TO RENT-Tenement in Grandview
with all modern improvements. Tel.
l46-M. li5-tf