Judsonia weekly advance., 1917-03-28
THE PASTURE |S
 A BIC PROBLEM Profitable Pastures the Basis of ths Economic Production of
 Livestock.
(By L. W. Osborn, Arkansas Expsri-

(By L. w. Osborn, Arkansas Experi-
 ment Station, Fayetteville)
 The basis for the economical pro- duction of livestock on any farm is found in the ability of the farmer to produce an abundance of cheap, pala- table and nutritious roughage during all seasons of the year. The South ern farmer by properly taking advan- tage of different pasture combinations can do much to attain this end.
 Temporary pastures usually afford an abundance of grazing for short time only. Cowpeas, late varieties of soy beans and velvet beans planted alone in the spring, or after small grain crop is removed, or between corn rows, or in combination with sorghums, produce heavy yield of forage which can be used for late summer and fall grazing Spanish peanuts planted in about the same way afford big possibilities in pastur- ing hogs in late autumn when other pastures are getting short Corn stalks left in the field after the corn is removed, especially when peas or beans are present, are always a profitable pasture.
 For late fall, winter or early spring pasture the fall seeded small grains are most satisfactory. Fall seeded an- nual legumes such as crimson clover, hairy vetch, and bur clover can also be used to good advantage
 Quickly established pastures Of short duration are cheaply obtained on good soils in limestone sections of north Arkansas, and especially on the rich alluvial soils in northeast Ar kansas by seeding red clover in early spring on winter wheat The red clover comes on after the small grain is harvested, and frequently yields very well. Lespedeza, seeded in the same way, on wheat or winter oats or with spring oats, in the place of red clover, will make a good summer pasture on good lands in other parts of the state.
 The basis of any permanent pasture in any section should be the plant CT plants which grow most generally or freely in that section. For example, in the limestone soils in northern bor- der counties of the state, Kentucky Blue Grass fourishes and can be made constituent in every pasture combination in that section Bermu- da, on the other hand. will do well in hot weather and stands drouth we'll At the same time 1t is adapted to al- most all soils. These reasons make Bermuda desirable basis for a pas pedeza is suitable for the same con- ditions as Bermuda, and the two do very we'll together. White or Dutch clover is persistent wherever grown, and is entitled to a place in pasture mixtures. Red Top is adapted to a wide range of conditions in the state, making the best growth on moist soil, but still proving fairly drought-resist- ant and hardy on uplands. Orchard grass has won well deserved place as bothsa pasture and meadow grass in at least the northern half of tho oeesIC. uoAy lcII luClS nave pTdCtlC0u seeding this grass broadcast on cut over lands and have had good results. In some of the northern costal plain counties of the state, carpet grass is found growing naturally and makes an excellent pasture.
 In seeding pasture, a variety of plants consisting of both legumes and grasses is desirable The different kinds used mature at different times, and more feed is produced Likewise the legumes used have a beneficial ef- feet on the soil.
 Getting good pasture established is. frequently no easy task. A well seed bed in which the sub soil is firm and the surface in a fine, loose condition, is most ideal where small slowly germinating grass seeds are used. Bermuda can be establish ed on good soils by broadcasting seed at the rate of 3-6 pounds per acre dur ing April and May when moisture conditions are favorable. Bermuda roots can also be used and the chances of getting a stand are in- creased by their use, especially where soil and moisture conditions are not
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