davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
PROTECT TREES FROM WORMS

Elm and blackberry shade trees may
hc banded during February to protect
them from measuring worms later in
tho season. the bands prevent the
Wlncless female moths, which are tho
parents OF measuring worms. from
climbing the trunk According to T.
J. Talbert. OF tho Missouri College OF
Agriculture. the moths begin 10 emerge
from their resting stage in the ground
during the first warm days OF February
and carly March For banding to he
effective the work must he done early
enough TO prevent the winelcss fe-
male moths from climbing the trees to
,ay their eggs
TIL" best results in banding trees is
usually secured by placing around the
trunk OF the tree a strip OF cotton bat
ting about four or five inches wide
The cotton is used 10 Hil the cracks
and crevlceS in the rough bark and
prevent til" moths from crawling un-
der the bands. \ band Of stiff paper
like building paper eight or ten inches
Vide - then placed over the cotton
band and the surface OF the paper
should be smoothly covered with some
sticky substance like pine tar. printers
nk. coal tar or tree ,auElcfooi The
best sticky substance 10 use however
- tree tan:!"foot As il will stay sticky
longer than the other substances and
= not so stiff. These sticky mixtures
may be applied 10 the bari; of the tree
nut thcY may diSiiEurc tie trees badly
FOR scvcra Years. II may be necessary
TO renew tn" bands from time to time
WITH III" sticky material. especially IL
the tan:lcfo"t becomes hard or stiff
or covered with the bodies OF dead
moths.
The US" OF bands is especially rec
commended ON Very large. rough bark cd
elm or blackberry trees that il would
b" difficult and expensive TO SPRAY. Ma
PICS "nd oaks are not badly attacked
by the pest
.Nn ample insect pest "a green wor,nD
which ~ ITS attack on IN. fruit some
what resembles the "odIin.. moth. may
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
STOCK MARKET TAKEN
OVER By PROFESSIONALS
Quotations ~ One Day. Down the
NeNt. with Inccrtnint! Mt
Every session.
BY Associated PresS.

ny Associated Press.l
NEW YORK. April i5.:--B Business or
tho Stock Exchange during the woei:
WAS overwhelmingly professional Quo
tations were up one day and down tn.
nest: in fact. uncertainty or hes;ta-
ton prevailed at almost every session.
the market seldom displa ying auy uni
formity OF action.
Dealings were light and more than
ordinarily restricted to score or so
Of industrials. shippinEs and metals,
with the usual rails. equipments and
munitions, The two last named were
disposed to throw off some of the
handicaps imposed by uncertainties mt :
tending war contracts and taxes
Pence rumors persisted. but their ef-
feet marketW-ise was dcbatablc. Wall
Street already IB showing the keencst
interest. however. in the coming deiib-
crations at Washington or the inter.
uatiopa! war council
investment conditions were clearly
Influenced by the lack OF definite de-
tails concerning the administrations
financial program. bankers express 4
desire to co operate 10 the fullest en-
tent in the fotation If the proposed
$4,000. 100000 bond issue. but doLbt tho
adNisability OF such an unprecedented
Offering at ono time. OF the ground
that IT would tie Up an enormous
amount OF LIQUID capital.
The irregular course of the bond
market was cited proof If the
anomalous situation created 10y the
prospective loan. Domestic bonds in
Guiding these of some representative
railroads, were heavy on moderate
sales. and Federal issue were | 70 =
per cent under quotations OF recent
years.
International bonds and notes h,at
ed here since tie war were strong
simultaneously exchange on the coin
tries Of the allies, made further recov-
cries from extreme depreciation.
Railroad earnings and crop prospects,
We're measurably better, transportation
difhcuities in remote sections having
neen partly overcome by better
weather. Wall Street in pinninc its
faith on early ana favorable action
by the Interstate Commerce Commits
sion.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
BUYING OF CouvroN
is BROAD AND ACTIVE
IRv As.ociateIPre..l

NEW YORK. April l5.-Coiton goods
buying was very broad and active on
the first TWO or three days OF the week
continuing the movement begun in
March. The report was that Il large
buyer and similarly large printers were
opera ing. Many cloths arc scarce for
spot delivery and prices have had high
cr levels than any touched last year
on many staple goods. Advances have
been frequent. Mills arc more fully
engaged than they have been for years
past. and have been turning away bust
ness through inability 10 guarantee
deliveries or figure with reasonable
certainty on costs. Blcachcd cottons
brown shectinEs, dcnims and tickinSs
any many other staples are very close
~ sold. Ind many mills have contracts
booked 10 tho end OF this year. Duck
and all cloths wanted BY tic govern
mcnt were particularly Strons.
DENNIS o.20's indigo. u l.. cents:
tickinEs. ounce, 2Il-2 cents: prints
el-a cents: staple gingham<. 10 cents;
dress ginG hams. 2l-2 and 1871" cents
Many cloths are AT value and Others
have been Withdrawn from sale
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
caring for the Dairy Herd.

ia winter, when COWS arr stabbed
inc greater part Of the time they
should he watcred two or three times
h"E unless ARRANGEMENTS have been
made TO keep water before them at all
times. The water should il nossiblc
10" !" degrees or 70 degrees above the
freezing point. and should hc SUPPLIED
at practically the same tcmpcrature
every day. When water well above
ifer|'nG temperature ~ stored in tanks
ana niped directly TO the COW. there is
probably littlc occasion for facilities
10 warm II. When il stands in tank
on which ice often forms il usually
pays well to warm il slightly This
can be done by tank heater. by live
steam or by hot water from a boiler.
if boiler is used for running a sep
arator or for heating water to wash
and Sterilizc utensils, steam from II
can readily and chcaply be used To
warm tho water.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16

appearance referred TO in the comm o n
Fame. These birds nest early. often be-
fore an the snow has disappeared. and
they have a joyous flight song in the
mating season
The food of horned iarks. exclusive
of those Of Southern California. con-
sists Of :06 per cent of animal and
I9.t per cent OF vegetable matter. Not
quite sixth Of the vegetable food is
grain mostly waste. though some
Sprouting grain is pulled This is The
and is sustained. but 1t must be ad-
plants were made years aCo. when
broadcast sowing WAS the rule. Re-
cent correspondence shows that drilled
grain is practically safe from injury.
Weed seeds are by fai the largest
single component '63.. per cent? OF the
food Of horned larkS. and over 10 per
cent Of the Lisa birds examined had
eaten them. no fewer than 206 indi-
vidualS having fed on them exclusively.
Conspicuous among the weed seeds
eaten are those Of the foNtail grasses.
smartwccds. hindwccds amaranth, pig
weeds, purslan". ragwccd. and crab
and barn grasses. Horned larks are
among the most efficient weed destroy
ing birds.
The insect food Of these birds in
cludcs such pests "a May beetles and
their larvae. the white Eruhs leaf
beetles injurious 10 strawberries. cab
baCc. melons. and ..uGar beets. clover
leaf and cIoVcr-root wecvils, potato
stalk borcrs, nat wccvils. bill bugs, and
the chinch bug. Iirasshoppcrs are q
favorilc food; ctl-worms are eaten
freely.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
y
SLAYER sURRENDERs
Elmer Hopkins. Who Killed Col,
HrOthers. Now In jail nj
IIOuStOn.

Especial TO The Times Dispatch.l
SOUTH BOSTON. VA, April Isl
Elmer Hopkins. the youth who sbnti
and killed both George and Cleveland
Cole. two miles south OF here last,
night, surrendered to Deputy Sheriff
Majors and Il party OF officers from
south Boston at his home four miles
south OF here carly this morning. uol
made no resistance. lie was iuu,n
d!at"ly brought to this place ana al
coroncrs inquest, with H. w WOODLAND
acting hs coroner. WAS held. .ncr|
which captain r.. y. Hardy aud olncpr.
TOOK the prisoner 10 the county Jail
at Houston to await trial IIopLtns
was thoroughly cool and stated ,butl
Cole attempted to enter his ~a.u,d
aud assaulted him with IA knife hisI
coat showing signs OF cuts. and he ahnt
in sclf-dcf"nSc. He also stated tina,
The Colo boys often had thrcat.n.d|
him He said that he would leave tlis
part of the country If cleared. l.othl
OF the Coles were married. one havin..
three and the other five children
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
Ch,nrh Rug. waiting Tor Graln.

The chinch bug Is primarily a pest
of SrasS-likc crops. IL winters in dry
rubbish such as large clumps OF grass
in fields and along waySideS. in leaves.
straw, and similar material. The adults
ny TO wheat fields OF other crops in
the spring To feed aud lay eggs for
the spring brood OF hugs. These are
nearly mature when wheat il cut and
will migrate 10 corn or other green
crops where they feed and lag eggs
for the fall or winter over brood. Mr..
Haseman. OF the Missouri College OF
Agriculture. suggests that all favor
able winternI places be burned as the
best control measure. During summer,
dust tar. or oil barriers can be used
to keen the swarmS from reaching the
corn. The bugs must not lie allowed
to reach the corn hcld before the bar
riers are used.
The best time 10 use fire control is
in the fall when the rubbish in which
the insects winter is dry. Farmers have
generally neglected To apply the torch.
but effective work may still be done.
if the weather is dry enough TO per-
init burning winter quarters OF the
insect obviously the most effective
control can be had BY cooperation and
community action.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
GERMANS COST OF LIVING
EXCEEDS MANY INCOMES
Families 81 Lower t:snsea Unable 10
Ruy the Bare Necessities,
Report shows.

COPfNHAGEN.. Aprii Is fvia Lon
don).-The results of the statistical in
vestisation into the war cost Of living
in Germany. which was conductor in
April. 1916. and which are now pub
'lished show that the cost OF the ba re
necessities Of life for families i'm the
lowest wage class materially exceeds
their income. This class includes fam
lies earning from 100 to 200 marks
monthly. and their living expenses are
put at ~ marks pfennigs.
The deficit tho report remarks, has
been covered by either drawing on
savings or running into debt. Prices
have steadily gone upward in the en-
suing year. increasing the impossibility
OF the poorly paid classes. who include
persons ranked as in the educated mid
die classes in America 10 make ends
meet without public relief.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
FARMERS AND AUTOMOBILES

The automobile is becoming an in
creasinciN important factor IN farm
! life. II is rapidly reducing the iSo'a-
ton which once made the acricul;uriSt
more or less OF an Involuntary hermit.
The motor car is beginning not only To
mellow the farmer but to expand the
city man. The day when every farmer
looked upon an automobile oh
lcct for abuse has largely gone. To-
day tho farmer gives the automobile
half the road with good grace, for his
own possession OF q similar vehicle
has reversed his prejudices.
The motor car is bringing the world
together. II is eliminating distance.
1t is bringing the country nearer TO
the city. the East nearer to the West
II is helping the people of the diff
fercnt parts OF the land better to un-
dsrstand each other,
The iuddlcman came into existence
originally because the farm was so FAR
from the city. With the gasoline pro
pcNcd vehicle the farmer can now reach
the city market in a few hours. His
need :or the commission merchant is
not great. The value OF the food
distributor i consequent! lcSseninc
The automobile will some day bring
The farmer direct to the consumer. and
also The consumer direct TO the farmer
The standard Of living on the farm
is. Of course. revolutionized by the au-
tomobile. Not only has the automo-
bile brought about the possibility az
city Shoppin" for the family. but il
also aids mechanically the operations
of the farmer through tho various APP
piications for pumping. ihreshinS. etc
The time is not far distant when the
old two streaks Of mud which once
constituted the rural highway will he
a thing Of tho past Instead OF hav-
ing merely a few main roads of high
quality and bearing fancy names. We
Will have a general system OF perma-
ncnt pixies running III all directions.
network a;fordinc easy accessibility.
The coming 81 the city motorist into
tho opcn country has led to good roads.
better hotels. improved villages. and
a beneficial influence on the thoughts
and manners Of the farm jewellers.
y saturday evening census Of the
cars "hitchcd' along the curb OF any
small town. made while their farmer
owners are attending tic weekly
movies or tho lNccum bureaus enter-
tainmcnt would surprise a good many
city folks
The number OF hieh-Grade cars that
Will hc found three -quartercd' to-
ward the sidewalks proves that the
best automobilinc pleasure is none too
GOOD Tor the prcscnt-day farmer and
his family.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16

the necessity OF everlasting yiceilance
ana the certainty that if the plant is to
he success after installation. such
vigilance must be untiriuSly exercised
" YOU are Soin,: TO put in Il Dlan mt
make NJ YOUR nird that lou mus;
si'e - more attenticu than YOU would
give an equivalent number OF coal-oil
laupS "r candles. and li"t YOU vii.
give = thar attention more reliGiously.
TIL" isolated lighting plant is not a
rlay;hing. nor is it piece of machin.
cry made for every chance user.
\ few Years ago many men would
not THINK OF getting in behind the
wheel OF an automobile: much less
would they consider the investment o.
a few hundred dollars in that kind OF
machine: but people have recn grad.
iany educated until there arc compar-
atively few who do not feel that they
arc capable OF understanding and car
ing for the power and transmission
plant which is hung between the fore
wheels OF an automobile. In the city.
We fnd many people using electric
lights. electric coasters. electric wash
iuS machines. electric irons am. cleo
trio Vacuum cleaners These are cost
inI good many dollars moro than
they should. in tho yearly cost OF
maintenance. because of the I,.l; or
understanding on the part Of the users
which nc'cssitatcs tie employment o.
expert service extending over months
ana sometimes years. The people III
TN" city can get the service If they are
willing /" pay for it, but people in the
country cannot buy ii. :ven though
'hcE NAY" the money. Instead Of ,elc.
phoninC IN and getting holp in hall an
hour. IL may I've days in reaching them
In tho meantime they are without III.
convcnicnccS Of their installations
The man who puts in the isolated
lighting plant, Of whatever variety
hf,r I,
ly. and make up his mind to nave j, on
his list. along NTH the pigs ard the
ca ives and the chickens. To recciv" its
share of persistent attention
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
Testing Soil.

The most common test for deter
mining If soil is acid sour is by
means of blue litmus paper. which can
be obtained At very small cost from
nearly every druggist. y small guam
THY Of moist soil from tho field is COM
pactcd into a ball. the ball broken into
halves strip OF itmuS paper laid
across ono part and the parts pressed
firmly together again After an hour
or so the bal or soil should be again
broken apart and the paper removed.
If tho paper shows a decided pink
color tho sample Of soil is acid. II a
dccp-rootcd crop. such as alfalfa. is to
be grown it will he we'll to test samples
taken from both the surface soil and
the SubSOil
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
Facts for Farmers. Stock
Breeders, Poultry Raisers.
Orchardists. Truckers and Gar.
deners---Queries and Answers
ALL KINDS OF LARKS ARE
DESTROYERS OF INSECTS

MI kinds OF iaIks destroy many in
sects. The old field lark OF Virginia
~ Wonderful insect DESTROYER. as is
his kinsinan. the horned lark. The last
named Is not as numerous in Virginia
as the hrst named. bat there are many
oi thcm. they are small. but hardy
prus Whicn frequent the open country
and never live in forests They rang.
over practically the whole United
states aud arc easily recognized by
the conspicuous black mark across the
nrcas' and the small pointed tufts of
dark"coiored feathers behind the eyes.
ihesc are often erected and cause the
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16

udsS
No. =. sand Tray showing corn twelve
days inter planting.
Select cars that are very heavy for
their size. The yield seems to be more
closely associated with weight OF ear
than any other quality.
Select ears Of bright healthy color.
Ears OF a dull or pale Co'or arc usually
immature or have hecn exposed to the
weather. their seed condition is ant to
he poor and the vitality OF tho plants
low.
select cars with grains Of uniform
size and shape. Aside from its indica
lion OF trueness to type. uniformity
or grain is OF considerable importance
in getting An even distribution Of seed
and uniform stand.
To test seed corn for termination is
essential 10 modern methods Of corn
production. The poor stand Of corn is
largely responsible fnr tho low average
yield. and il is impossible TO get n
good stand without good. strong seed.
No one can identify and discard all
tho cars Of poor terminating qualities
without the aid Of a terminating test.
familiarity with these points may
hr had by going over tho seed corn
several times aud studying ono quality
At time. Notice how great varia =
ton may hc found in each quality and
decide what types should lie used as a
practical standard
As means ~ selecting the hest
Sccd-Corn. doubtless the adapt:,biiitv.
maturity. seed condition. amount OF
Grain and uniformity Of grain are
among the important qualities.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16

ne controlled 10y tres banding Tho in
scot is known as tn" dock falsc-w
ana feeds urou certain succuicnt plants
sn'l' as TIC docks. huotwc"ds ana bind
weeds. When thcs" occur in an or
'h"!d. tn" worm makes its way mn
~" trunk % The tree aud burrows
INT" ih" frui'. causing :: 10 rot, There
can 10" ii'tl" or 40 danger from this in
sect IN clean cultivated orchards or in
orchards whcr" its food plants do not
exist llo"oNcr, where a perennial
cover CROP such az alfalfa is grown.
other control measures must he taken
i:nicIcn; protection may hc secured
10y banding the trees with cotton bat
iinE Or viii some sticky substance
IT. experiments by III" department OF
N@ricu'turc. an cich'-inch strip OF cot
Ton hating was placed about tho trunL;
Of each tree aud tied with q cord about
The middle The upper half OF tho cot
ton band was then rolled down over
tho cord Good results also were OH
ihiu"d hN applying /" tn" trunks of
the trees band - a commercial sticky
substance -"i:h'h-iuch thick and
three inches wide rho lower limbs q,
TIA" trees should 10 kopt VOL m from
the ground, and any props used also
-houlo he banded Bands SHOULD h.
pmt on ~ The latte, part OF August and
let on unnl after the fi'uit is har-
vested
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
Good Cooking Imrnrinpt

What IS home witnout cooh ana
tie old jingle ~ inc Jack Of = horse
shoe Ms! losing Kingdom. may he
ruthfully paraphrascd
For the lack OF good cookinr IL.
Scptton rs ruined
For the lack Of digestion heath ara
temper are ruined
For the lack or health and tcmner
business is ruined
For the lack OF business ,bc hon,o
- ruined
And Al for inc lack ~ . ucIl.
trained cook
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16

plants; frequently however. where con-
ditions arc favorable. il finds its way
at maturity into apple trees. where 1t
borcs into the apples to hibernate,
making them unstable.
The dock falsc-worm has four gem
erations annually. each generation &C.
cupyinE roughly a month. except the
fourth. the larvae OF which hibernate
and complete their development the
following spring. Only the larvae OF
this last generation are known TO bore
into apples.
4 number Of parasites have been
reared. both from the egg and from
he full-Crown larva. and while these
arc valuable In partially controlling
tho falsc-worm. probably they will
never control 1T absolutely.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
AN APPLE PEST

The dock falsc-worm is the larra OF
sawny found all over Europe and in
canada and tho northern part of the
United states. from tho Atlantic to the
Pacific.
The larva is a green. wormlike Gre
ature, which feeds ON dock and related
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16

i'r0i"ln is needed for bone muscle
ana cGrs This ia the element tina, is
NchrCcsi IN the vegetable world
" neat is rich in protein. 'lovcr has a
ihir snare OF IL mingled with variety
"t Other clements; oats has some. but
'oih IS largely q fat-mshing food. or
"het sc call carbohydrates
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
sekiy Bureau of In
forn,otion for All Who
I'll the Soil or Are In
tcyested in Making Homes
DO YOU WANT POOR CROPS?
THEN PLANT POOR SEED
ny v. W. SHuEsMITH.

FOR the use Of the beginner in pick :
ing out sccd-corn. perhaps the best
rules that could he given are as fol-
lows:
Select cars OF medium size for Your
locality. The small-eared types which
do not utilize the entire growing sea-
son Will not produce a maximum yield.
The large cared types which are so
late that they cannot mature Il hard.
solid ear also fail OF maximum pro-
duction and yield product which is
inferior both for re market and home
consumption.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16

The farm Cock can he made more
profit able by combining the po,,ltrv
hus!ncSs with Tho growing OF fruit.
Inc birds need shade in order 10 do
the best during tho hot days oC sum
mer, ana for this purpose plums can
he grown IN the poultry yards TO GOOD
advantage.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
LIGHTING SYSTEM FOR FARMS

choosing the system: perfectly
WofklnS acctEiene gas system is a deli .
cate niece OF machinery. The electric
lighting plant. completely cuuipned
with an annie storage battery (which
is the only kind OF system to instaIn
is 'ar more delicate than the NEST in
iriratc saS plant. Hut if II is dcsra b e
10 install All isolated lighting plan;. i,
is important to rccog nize in a1youc,
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16

Grit and charcoal should he kept be-
fore the hens al. the time. grit TO as
sist tho EizHard III grinding the food.
and charcoal 10 keep the digestive
tract free OF noXious gases and impuri-
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16

The ducks avcra"c egg record i,
''h"ut inc came rs that of Non hui
enc ElcIhS hc' tntirc crop in atou
seven months white the men take,
about nine months
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
Local Rainfall.

Rainfall last twcnty-eour hours. Non"
EXccs, in rainfall since March l. los
Excess in rainfall since January 1 "a
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
Local ObservntIon. ut = y. VI

Temperature. Sc: humidity. ~: wind
direction. southwest: wind. velocity. !
mile: weather. clear
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-16
The Weather
iEurnisbrd by 4. =. Weather Bureau
Forecast: Virginia
Local 1cn,-rnturc.

]: noon temperature. .........
) l.. NJ. temperature. ......
Maximum temperature TO = i. NJ.
Minimum temperature to : l.. NJ
Mean Temperatures "
Normal temperature .
Deficiency in temperature. ....
deficiency in temperature since
March ....... "
Accumulated deficiency since Ian