davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
Milk and Dairy Products
Cheapest Food

do not buy meat until you have
bought three quarts Of milk day"
is the advice Of one of the foremost
American authorities on nutrition.
This applies to d family of two adults
and three children.
The advice is good, because milk at
pound, cheese at 80 cents a pound, and
are still by far the cheapest human
foods from animal sources.
The ration per individual for the
civilian need not exceed $500 Galleries
of energy and 2.b ounces Of protein a
day. according to the British food con-
troller in a statement published Feb
ruary 1, 1917. Three and one-half
quarts OF milk, or one pound. three
and one-hah ounces Of cheese. costing
32h and 3Sh cents respectively, will
furnish this amount of energy. whereas
it would be necessary to buy nearly
two pounds of the cheapest cut Of
fresh pork, containing considerable
fat, at cost Of As to so cents. to OBJ
tain $500 Galleries of energy.
AS an economical source of protein
1t is interesting to find that 10 cents
worth Of cottage cheese, 16h cents
worth Of cheddar cheese. and Is cents
worth of milk. at the foregoing prices
per pound will furnish rs ounces Of
protein. The cheapest meat protein
one can buy is lean veal steak and it
is necessary to buy rs cents worth to
obtain rs ounces of protein. EGGS at
80 cents dozen are practically on a
par with lean veal. Nine eggs are re-
CURED to furnish 2.5 ounces Of pro-
tein.
In addition to their economy dairy
products have the following points in
their favor: % There il no waste
connected with their use in the house.
hold: 90 They contain valuable salts;
ca They contain other invaluable food
substances which many other foods
contain either in much smaller guam
titles or not at all.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

Although many farmers have planned
to grow a far larger. crop of soy
beans in 1917 than ever before, they
should now greatly increase the acre
age of this crop. 1t is predicted that
az a result of the war the crop will be
in demand as a feeding concentrate.
for oil and for human food in addition
to its normal use as forage crop.
Experiments have shown soybean
meal to have about the same feeding
value as cottonseed meal; and cotton
seed meal will probably be SO high
next fall that it cannot be anorded
for feeding There is sound reason
then for anticipating a great demand
on the crop for use as feeding con-
centrate.
Because of the present shortage OF
fats and oils throughout the world,
due to was consumption and low pro-
duction ii. Europe, all available
sources of these necessary materials
will presently be utilized. Although
the soybean Is not considered
source for oil in some parts of the
country, in Virginia and North Car
DINA tuECSHeO CIOp ID SOiN Aaoahiy
to the cotton oil mills where the oil
is expressed and the residue, or cake,
ground into meal. Indeed soybean
seed is actually second only to cotton
seed as source of vegetable oils.
1t now seems certain that the demand
for soybean oil will soon become
greater than can be supplied by the
eastern crop and that the southwestern
crop will be drawn on to meet the
need.
During the war. when foodstuffs
Of all kinds will continually diminish.
many unusual kinds of human food
will be brought into use. The soy
bean il one Of the crops which will
be utilized. Already several manufac-
turers in the east have successfully
substituted soybeans for navy beans in
baked pork and beans. Indeed. the
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

scarce locally. those in stock shoald
De used to preserve perishable prod
ucts which have the highest nutrttive
value. Nothing should be packed in
jars or cans which can be conserved
effectively in other ways.
Candy containers or other glass jars
with screw tops or glass shoppers, and
IN fact any receptacle of glass. crock
cry or porcelain. can be sealed with
cork or paper and paraffin.
Large tin canisters or tin cans with
removable covers. provided the body OF
the container Is air and water tight
will be found useful in canning GER
tain fruit products. Such containers
can be sterflized and their cover.
Theoretically sealed in place with SOL
der or wax.
Strawberry Preserve.
The following tested recipe for pre-
boys and girls club work in the nor
them and western states:
Make a syrup Of l quart OF water
and II pounds Of sugar and cook in
an open kettle until a candy Their
m ometer registers 2s5 degrees when
placed in the syrup. Add pounds
OF berries to the syrup. Cook very
slowly. just at the boiling point. Stop
the cooking when the Thermometer
registers 219 degrees and pour into
shallow pans to cool. Hasten cooling
by pouring syrup over berries. Skim
while cooling. Fill into jars whe7
cold and allow to stand unsealed for
days. Put rubber and cap in posi-
ton. not tight Gap and tip if using
enameled tin cans.) If using hot
water bath outfit, sterilize 20 min
utes; II using water-seal outfit, or a
5-pound steam pressure outfit, or q
pressure-cooker outfit, sterilize Is
minutes. Remove jars Tighten COW
ers. Inyert to cool and test the joint
Wrap jars with paper to prevent
bleaching and store.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

Be kept IA ordinary drinking glasses,
BY the use of paper and paraffin.
Fruit juices should be packed in or
binary sznall-necked bottles.
Vegetables, soups and meats, on the
other hand, to keep. must be sealed
BY the usual fruit-jar or tin-can pack
ing methods Reserve regular con-
tai1efs for foods that can not be
packed in bottles.
Food specialists are also urging all
members Of canning clubs and others
not only to can products, but to dry
and evaporate all such products as
apples, pumpkin, and squash. They
advise strongly that II contain -rs are
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

Cultivation should not be delayed In
the corn field until the field looks
weedy. Only little stirring Of the
soil is required to kill weeds imme-
diately after they terminate and be-
fore they have used much soil moist
ure, but to destroy weeds that are well
rooted, the soil must be worked deeply
knd thoroughly. Such deep cultiva-
kn not only means more labor but 1t
can not be accomplished without
breaking and destroying many corn
roots.
II corn land has been properly pre-
pared, deep cultivation is not advis-
able. 1t should never be done close to
the plants after they are a foot high,
as much harm would be done by
breaking the roots.
To get an early start of the weeds.
in many sections or in seasons when
seed terminates slowly. it is advisable
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

By years Of association the bee
keeper almost unconsciously acquires
a wide knowledge Of bee behavior, and
consequently is better able to solve the
problems which constantly arise.
However, Il would save an infinite
number Of mistakes and would add
greatly to the interest of the work II
more time were expended on study
of behavior; then the knowledge
gained could be applied to practical
manipulation.
The following Suggestions to the be-
ginner will help him greatly In plan
ming for hives, etc:
A good foundation for each hive is
important, as the hive should always
be kept perfectly level and never al
lowed to settle out Of this position.
The best plan where considerable
number Of hives is contemplated is to
set them in rows not less than four
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
CORN CULTIVATION SHOULD BEGIN EARL Y
e+r+ tn KIN Weeds and Conserve Moisture
as Plants Are Up

co Forming large clods and afr
spaces. thus permitting air to enter
and dry the soil.
Corn gets what it takes from the
soil in liquid form and. therefore,
there must be moisture to spare. The
actual number of inches of rainfall
on given field, however, Is not alone
a safe guide. especially in droughty
regions, a. much depends on the
amount Of water that Is stored at diff
ferent seasons; the amount that is
wasted in run-o1, evaporation. or
seepage; and. finally. the amount ac-
tually made available to the root sys-
tenn of the corn. It has been esti-
mated that a rainfall Of 10 inches will
be sufficient to produce a 50-bushel
yield of corn. provided none of it es-
capped except through the plants.
Even weeds, however. can not take
over every bit of moisture and it is
impossible under field conditions to
prevent losses
Corn growers in dr. o u g h ty re-
gions CD plan their cultural oper-
atoms SO as to have the soil sur
face in best condition to take in
water when rains are most likely to
occur; (2) so to handle the soil that
deep penetration may be secured; and
90 SO to cultivate the soil as to store
up heat and at the same time prevent
excessive loss Of soil water through
capillary action and surface evapora-
ton.
The ease with which soils take in,
RETAIN or lose moisture depends mostly
on their texture. physical condition,
and surface slope they point out. 1t is
to the extent that cultivation can
modify these factors that more water
can be made available to the growing
crop.
There are loose, open soils through
which water pours as through sieve,
and there are tight, gumbo soils,
which swell when the surface is moist
ened and become practically water
proof.
Sandy soils take in water more
readily than heavier soils; hence. less
precaution is necessary to prevent run
of.
The greatest loss may be from
seepage to depths beyond the plant
roots. Manure and decaying vege-
table matter check seepage and i'm
prove soils of this character. AS corn
roots penetrate 3 to even feet deep.
larger yields of corn are frequently
raised on sandy soils in semiarid re-
gions than on surrounding hard soils
The heavy, hard. or close-textured
soils require the most cultivation to
keep them in proper condition so as
to prevent moisture loss from run-ofl
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
CLEAN DAIRY UTENSILS NECES-
SARY FOR CLEAN MILK.

Most of the bacteria which gets in
to milk come from the dirty cow and
from the utensils, such as cans, pals,
strainers, coolers, and separators,
which have not been properly cleaned.
In winter the cows are likely to be-
come dirty from confinement in the
barn, but in summer they are easily
kept clean so that they are then Of lit
tie relative Importance in contaminat-
ing milk On the other hand, far
greater number Of bacteria get into
milk from dirty utensils in summer
than from a dirty COW in winter.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
A GOOD LUBRICANT HELPS.

The useful life of a wagon or dray
employed in heavy hauling depends
very largely on the care of its wheels
and axles.
Hosts of farmers and teamsters, who
ought to know better think that
grease is just grease anyway" and
so cut the boxes out of their wagon
wheels by using some inferior lubri-
cant, which runs off and leaves the
spindle dry, or forms stiff, almost
gritty substance in the wheel, which is
Just as bad.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
Pillow early, pillow deep,
Destroy all volunteer wheat;
Sow on the fly-free date
And don't fail to cooperate.

The Hessian fly will contribute to
the further shortage Of wheat this
year just as it has in former years.
However, that part Of the crop which
must be sacrificed to the insect VIII
be more serious loss this year than
formerly owing to the world shortage
of food. During the last year the toll
Of the Hessian fly was enormous, the
loss in four Missouri counties alone
amounting to approximately $1,000
600. Similar losses have occurred In
other states.
Wheat growers can readily see the
Importance of controlling the fly when
they realize that the insect may de-
stroy 100 per cent of crop. This
destruction was actually demonstrated
in many neighborhoods last year.
II next years wheat crop ID to be
protected. wheat growers must put in
to operation soon after harvest the
control measures which have been
found practical and effective. July.
August, Septem Der, and October are
the only months IN which the farmer
can successfully attack the Hessian fly.
Fortunately the remedial measures
if put into practice will not only con-
troll the Hessian ny but will also in
crease the yield OF wheat at the same
time because early blowing. cultivation
to keep down volunteer wheat and
weeds, and sowing on or soon after
fiy-free dates are the best practices in
wheat growing.
Control measures to insure mini
mum damage next year must be put
into practice soon after harvest this
year The precautionary measures
recommended by Prof. Talbert are J..
Early, deep blowing; 2. Destruction OF
all volunteer wheat; 3. Sowing on or
after the iy-free date; 4. Cooperation
among wheat growers. More complete
instructions for combating the fly can
be had from the colleges Of asricul-
ture in the wheat-growing states.
Control of the fly is especially impor-
tant under existing conditions Of a
national crisis.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

growth of the corn VIII be slow. In
order to cover large areas quickly
cultivators which work two or more
rows are a great advantage
The number of civilizations neces-
sary and the best time for them DE-
pend upon weather and SOIL cono'tlons'
weeds should not be allowed to grow.
and a mellow surface should be main
tanned. In some seasons this may be
efectually accomplished with one or
two CIVILIZATIONS; in other seasons
from four to six civilizations may be
necessary.
Nothing can be gained by eontfnu-
ing cultivation in corn fields free from
weeds and in which the soil surface
is mellow. When the surface is sum-
GENTLY loose and dry to reduce evap-
grafton. is open enough to prevent
run-off, and no weeds are starting a
cultivation could do no good and II
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
BIG CROP OF SOY BEANS WILL BE NEEDED

demand in the east for soybeans for
packing and for planting has been so
great since last fall that the cotton
oil mills have practically ceased crush
ing the seed and are turning them
to the planters and packers. One
mill which, last fall, bought 10000
bushels Of seed and planned to crush
at least 10000 bushels did not crush
any seed but disposed Of the whole
stock for food and planting. Only
the yellow seeded varieties are used
for food
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

fore, as many as or 8 supers at ono
time. Under such conditions, If the
bees are compelled to ripen and seal
the honey in the first super before q
second one Is given. most Of the pos
sible honey crop is lost - tho bee-
keeper. the bees being compelled
either to swarm or to loaf during the
height Of the storing season. Such an
abundant honey flow does not by any
means occur every year but when 1t
does occur. the beekeeper should be
prepared to take full advantage of the
opportunity.
Bees need SO little attention during
the greater portion Of the year that it
Is difficult for the inexperienced bee-
keeper to realize that for the best re-
suits almost daily attention is needed
during the few days or weeks known
among hee-keepers as the honey flow.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
BOTTLES ARE SCARCE SAVE EVERY ONE

h De iatnsest of home canning,
y hos,seaseeper Is strongly urged to
o bottlee - especially wide-Decked
Un0-Aur puteing UP fruits, preserves.
1aakeA, hms, and fruit Juices. Saving
IT bottles is highly important, as there
uhReGtens to be a serious shortage Of
regular jars and preserving cans this
NE n1A products named, II sealed
v1h oo9fs and para1nn. can be kept
vR1ecf1y IN these makestift contain
ga JeAle. t.s. and preserves can
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

carelessly performed would do injury
to the corn.
Corn should be cultivated only
when one or more objects will be &C
complished and when the total effects
will be more beneficial than injurious.
The beneficial effects of cultivation
are:
"a Preventing weeds from robbing
the corn Of soil moisture and fertility.
CD Putting the surface in condition
to take in rainfall, thus preventing
run-on and erosion. which mean
losses Of water and soil fertility.
(3) Warming the soil by drying its
surface quickly.
60 Saving moisture by checking its
capillary rise to the soil surface
Some injurious effects Of cultivation
are:
% Breaking the corn roots which
otherwise would use some of the
moisture of light showers before it
evaporates; and
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
LITTLE THINGS COUNT.

OF chief importance in the care Of
dairy utensils, especially in warm
weather. is thorough drying after
cleaning Cleaning will remove a
large per cent of the bacteria and
much of the food for their growth.
Application of steam for thirty secf
onds kills but few, but it will supply
heat to dry the utensils which prevents
bacterial growth so that there will be
practically no more present twelve
hours later than five minutes after
washing the utensils.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
PRUNING PIONEERING SHRUBS.

Shrubs that bloom in the spring bt!-
fore they have made new growth bes(r
their flowers on the wood OF last yep.
Therefore. if you prune in the sprit
you are cutting off the Towering wod
Prune these right after blooming Sc
as to make new wood for next season.
Shrubs that bloom in summer and fall
produce flowers on the new wood OF
1.-THE current season. These must be
trimmed early in the spring so as to
produce new wood before the Towering
Aeriod arrives
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

With the wartime demand on the
soybean crop for an animal concen-
trate, for human food. and for oil. in
addition to the normal demand for
forage and seed for planting, there Is
no doubt that high prices will be
maintained. Soybeans are now selling
at $3.50 to $500 bushel-at double
the usual price-and farmers should
not fail to plant the largest possible
acreage. 1t will be a profitable and
patriotic enterprise.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

With the high prices for good horses
farmers should give more attention to
feeding and care that will add so
much to the market value and en-
courage that early maturity so much
to be desired
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
Do Not Neglect Mares at Hesssian Fly Will lake
Foaling Time Toll Of Wheat

A years effort may be lost by ne
glecting brood mares at foaling time.
In view of the time which it takes to
produce foal. one can i'll afford not
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
THE COW BARN.

Lots Of windows are necessary. You
must have light in the barn to kill
disease germs. Sunlight Is the bes,
preventive OF tuberculosis. Plenty
Of light saves much danger from doing
chores by lantern light.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

standard supers contain when ffned-
only about Is lbs. honey. During q
rapid honey flow. such as occurs some
seasons, especially in the northern
states, sufficient progress Is frequently
made In each newly added super to
justify the addition Of another every
three or four days.
With such honey flow several
supers may be completely filled with
honey before any Of 1t Is ripened and
sealed and the hive may have. there
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
MILK UTENSILS.

General recommendations for the
care of utensils are: 1. Rinse In luke
warm water as soon after use as pos
sible. Q. Wash in hot water contain
ing washing powder which will re-
move grease. 8. Rinse in clean hot
water and place in live steam Is sec
onds, drain and place right side up
until steam evaporates. On the farm
where steam is not available. summing
will give effective results. I. Invert in
clean protected place when dry.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

II Is estimated that it takes 5000
bees to weigh a pound.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
WORMS IN COLTS.

For intestinal worms in colts the
following mixture is used by some vet
erinarians: Mix together as base
one pound each of salt and graduated
sugar, in this mix one-half pound Of
tobacco dust NJ fine cut tobacco, four
punces Of sulphate Of iron powder. six
dnces of powdered worm seed. Give
al heaping teaspoonful in the feed at
AIT once per day, then twice per day.
am keep up for three weeks.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
PICKED UP IN THE ORCHARD.

1t is estimated that an acre OF
apple trees in 20 years Counting 10
crops OF fruit to that period) will con-
sumo 1856 pounds Of nitrogen. 80
pounds Of phosphoric acid. and 1895
pounds Of potash.
To restore the potash alone would
require more than Fl tons OF high
grade ashes. containing five per cent
potash. How much Of this does the
average fruk-grover return to tho
soil?
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

Keep the tree free of suckers.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

bit Of planning will always save
timV and muscle.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

Turkeys raised and fattensd- aJe Q
prufitAh3e investment.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17

Bad promises are better broken than
kept.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-07-17
CARE IN FEEDING.

Good and thorough work will pay.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-08-23
ADDITIONAL SPORT WILL BE
FOUND ON OTHER PAGES
BIG GOOD ROADS DAY
Highway Boosters Will Give Program
at Topeka Free Fair.

Wednesday, September ~, will be
Good Roads day at the Kansas Free
Fair, Topeka. The management has
requested ]. Frank Smith, president
of the Kansas Good Roads associa-
ton, to take charge of the program
The meeting will be held in the big
pavilion starting at 1000 a. m. Mr..
Smith announces the following pro-
gram:
Address by w. H. Crawford. Hor-
ton, Kan. 1.-The Horton oIton-To-
peka-Scranton Highway Should Be
Paved. Let's Pave 1t Now"
Address by L. F. Davidson. Glasco,
Kan, director Midland trail. How
and When to Pave the Midland Trail -
Address by w. w. Watson, Salina,
president Meridian road, What We
Are Doing and Expect to Do On Our
Trail
Address by w. s. Gearhart, state
highway engineer. What Type of
Road to Build in Kansas
Address by E. R. Moses, Great
Bend. state highway commissioner,
Federal Aid"
The meeting will be devoted to dis
cussions of what type of improved
roads to build, and how to proceed
under the new Kansas road law to
build them and how to get federal
aid.
A meeting has been called of the
Midland Trail officers and friends for
the same time and place to outline a
program for united efforts by all of
the counties along the route to have
petitions signed and approved by the
county commissioners and make early
application for federal aid.
The friends of the Horton-Holton-
Topeka-Scranton road have called a
meeting for the same time and place
to perfect an organization, name the
road and outline plans to secure fed
eral aid and pave the entire road.
Every road booster in Kansas who
is interested in building 365-day roads
under the new Kansas road law should
be present at this meeting.