The Tomahawk., 1917-02-22
GERMANS EXPECT
WAR WITH u. S.
Are Eager to Avert Hosti|ities,
bit See Little Chance of
Doing So.
REAL SITUATION DISCLOSED
Newspaper Correspondents Reaching
Neutral Ground3 Tell Story Of Days
Following Break in
Relations.

Following Break in
Relations.
Copenhagen, Feb. 13.-While the au-
| thorities and the greater part OF the
people of Germany are now anxious TO
| avoid open hostilities with the United
| States, there is little hope in Berlin
that there can be any other ultimate
result from the present situation, than
war between the two countries.
These facts the Associated Press
| correspondent who left Berlin with
Ambassador Gerard is able to state
upon reaching neutral territory.
It can also be stated that the Ger
| man threat to hold American news
paper men as hostages and the anx-
| iety of the German government to in
duce Ambassador Gerard to sign
protocol reaffirming the old-tim!e
| treaties with the United States re-
garding mutual protection of nationals
| in case Of hostilities were undoubtedly
Influenced by alarmist dispatches from
the United States regarding the treat
ment of German citizens and property
there.
In their efforts to prevent an open
break with the United States, the Ger
man authorities, it is said, gave in
structiOns to submarine commanders
before they started on their February
| mission to take the safe side when
neutral vessels, particularly American,
xrLN
Advised to Warn NeutraIs.
Enemy merchantmen, when recOg-
nized as such, were ordered to be sunk
at sight, but neutral merchantmen
| were to be warned when such action,
in their Judgment, was consistent
with the object of the campaign and
the safety of their own ships.
It was realized, however, after the
prompt and resOlute stand taken by
President Wilson, that these orders
could only be palliative and only de-
fer, not avoid, an ultimate break; also
that if President Wilson stood by his
| announcement that the destruction of
American lives or ships would be re-
Earded as an act of hostility, a casus
belli must come sooner or later-prOb-
| Ebly sooner on account Of the number
| Of Americans on enemy ships.
Not Liable to Punishment.
Moreover, there was the discretion
! ary nature Of the Instructions to sub
marine commanders, who were in
formed that, while the careful course
toward neutrals was recommended and
desired, they would no longer be sub
jected to punishment for departing
from their former procedure Of warn
ing if they found this advisable.
1t is considered that the only pos
sibility Of the avoidance Of hostilities
would result from modification of
it's standpoint by one or the other
side, and so far as could be judged
from the positive declarations Of Al
fred Zimmerman, the German min
lister of foreign affairs, and other Of
ficials before the Associated Press
correspondents departure from Ber
lin, there was no probability that Ger
many would give way this time or
abandon the ruthless campaign now
started.
optmsts Give Up Hope.
German-American relations again
and again have passed through crises
apparently almost hopeless, but this
time the crisis is more difficult than
the former ones, and even the Opt
| mist can scarcely see any peaceful
egresS out Of the impasse.
From a neutral cable Office it now
is possible to tell the story Of the de-
velopment of the present crisis, on
which the most rigid censorship has
been applied in Germany.
To the observer in Berlin the ap-
proach of the crisis had been plainly
and definitely evident since the re-
lection of Germany's peace overtures.
Information as to Germany's definite
decision to start sharpened subma-
rine war and even the form it would
take, namely, a blockade Of specified
regions (though the idea Of a pro
hibited zone" was later substituted for
that of BLOCKADE" at the request of
the naval authorities, who anticipated
possible formal objections), was re-
ceived by the Associated Press almost
on the morrow of Ambassador Ger
ards speech on German-American
good relations, delivered at the ban
uuet of the American Association of
Commerc and Trade early in Janu-
airy.
A week later it was stated that q
full decision on the situation had not
been reached and that the campaign
would not be launched until after fur
Their consultations with Germany's al
lies and the receipt of certain infor-