The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-09-30
the University of PennsyIvania.

will be a very close one and many observers south of 26 degrees north latitude on the earth will see the planet hidden by the moon. On this same evening the reddish Antares IS seen two degrees south of the silvery Venus;> the contrast both in color and brightness will be very striking. %
 Mars will move from Cancer into Leo during October; its rising pre- cedes the rising of the sun by about four hours on October 1 and by about rive hours on October 31; consequent " 1t Is high in the eastern heavens during the hours of the early morn ing. Though not yet in the most favorable position for observation. the planet is rapidly approaching the earth, and it's increase in brightness during the month will be very mo- ticeable On the morning of October 2s Mars will be found one degree north of the beautiful double star Regulus. and the two objects may then be seen together in the field of small telescope
 The most striking object now in our evening heavens and the most sat isfactory one for observation is un- doubtedly the planet Jupiter. This rises at hrs. 40 min. D. m. on October 1, and so early as hrs! 40 min by Oc- tober 3l. With its retinue of bright moons its wonderful and everchans- ing markings and its rapid rotation. it's observation Is a source of never failing pleasure. Especially interesting phenomena of it's Satellites may be seen on october 8. IA, 21. 23 and 26.
 Saturn is moving eastward and southward in Cancer, a little to the left of the Praesepe. On October 1 at a. ni.. Mars in it's eastward mo ton will pass 40 minutes to the north of Saturn. so that on this even ing both of these very interesting worlds whose appearances are so strik. ingly contrasted may be seen together in the field of the telescope.
 THE NEW STAR
 The nebula within whose bounda- ries new star recently appeared Gas was described in the article of last month) is in faint. spiral nebula lying in the borders of the constella- tion Cepheus. at the point A of Fig ure 1. A photograph of it with many or It's neighboring stars is shown isi Figure ?. As the new star is but of the fourteenth magnitude it is far too faint to be seen with a small telescope. but faint as it Is, it's sud den appearance is of the utmost philosopohic interest.
 
 amined it is found that no less than six new stars have been known to appear within the borders of spiral nebulas. the bdightest of which was the star which in 1885 flashed out in the Great Nebula of Andromeda Some astronomers think it probable that the spiral nebulas are not true nebulas, the brightest of which was is universe of stars. more or less like our own Milky Way universe, but at an immense distance away. That single new star might appear in such part of our universe that 1t would be seen by us in line with the distant nebula and so be mis- taken for part of it, might not be surprising, but such an explanation could hardly be adduced to account Tor the appearance for no less than six of these objects.
 The conclusion seems unavoidable that the new stars are actually with in and connected with the nebulas themselves If this is so. it would seem that the nebulas cannot be so inn measurably remote as some suppose Tor were this the case, a star. even though it exceeded by millions of times the brightness of the largest known suns of ourg universe. would pc too far away to be visible to us Yet though this conclusion Is cer- tainly the most probable one, we can not be perfectly sure, even of this for 1t is just possible that in those dis tant universes tif they are such) there may be action and changes on scale witnessed by us.