The Oklahoma miner. [volume] (Krebs, Okla.) 1912-192?, 1917-05-17

ing that the pupils dilate and contract
alike. Hollows over the eyes denote
old age or lack of vitality. Un-
scrupulous dealers have sometimes in
tluted these hollows with air, but this
can readily be detected by pressing
with the fingers, which forces the air
into the adjacent cavities, leaving the
natural hollowncss.
Ears.-IIorscs are not often troubled
with deafness, still it is advisable to
test the hearing by noting responses
to the voice. The ears should be
placed fairly close together at the
highest point of the poll and should
usually be carried forward. To add
to the appearance they should be of
delicate texture, taper to graceful
points. and be covered with fine hair.
Topped ears are very uusighty and
many tricks are used to cover up such
defects such as tying together with
fine thread the ear nets which the
horse may be wearing or the ears
themselves may be tied together, the
hairs of the foretop hiding the thread.
Slight operations are also performed
with the object of remedying this de-
feet
Poll.-The poll should be examined
for signs of poll evil, a disease caused
by bruising the top of the head. In
tlammation in this region, usually ac-
companied by discharge of pus, would
lead one to suspect this disease, which
is often slow to yield to treatment and
which may break out again after it Is
thought to be cured. 1t often leaves
ugly scars after healing.
Neck-A clean-cut throat latch on
a crested neck of good length gives
horse style and beauty of outline and
| consequently enhances his value. In
mature stations the development of
a full crest is an indication of mascu-
| Unity. Evidences of bleeding, lndi-
eating previous bad health, should be
looked for in the jugular vein, and 1t
is also advisable to lay back the name
and look for scars. The neck should
| join the shoulders smoothly.
houlders.-Short shoulders do not
| generally Indicate sufficient room for
/ a large heart and for lungs capable of
handling a maximum quantity of air.
| Straight shoulders favor a low, short,
stubby action of the front feet low
carriage of the head, with heavy ir-
/ responsive mouth are often associated
with a long back and a COrrespOndingly
short underline, whereas the opposite
proportions namely, a short back and
a long underline, are desirable. The
concussions or jars on the front legs
resulting from their striking the
ground are considerably relieved by
sloping shoulders, by not having this
effect, tend to promote early unsound-
ness of these limbs. Strong Constitu-
ton, endurance, good front action, and
style are associated with deep, well-de-
veloped shoulders. For draft purposes
the shoulders should have pronounced
offsets, so that the face of the collar
will have plenty of bearing surface.
The position Of the collar on such a
shoulder is not materially changed no
matter how hard the pull
Examine the withers for fistua, a
disease similar to poll evil, except that
it is differently located. Fistula is
thought to result from bruising the
withers, the resulting Inflammation
and pus being slow to yield to treat
ment, so that cases are often Of very
long standing. The disease sometimes
appears to be Of very minor impOr-
tance but the illustration shows the
large amount of tissue that may be-
come involved. Fistula shOHld not be
confused with collar sores, which are
often found on the top Of the neck just
in front of the withers. Collar sores
also often occur on the sides of the
/, neck. When not of too long standing
they heal readily, if on properly
formed shoulders. CallOused-thickened
spots resulting from old collar sore
again unless the collar can be kept
/. from pressing on them. In so-called
sweenied shoulders, the muscles have
atrOphied or shrunken, and horses with
such defects are practically valueless
= ! for work, for the time being at least
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