davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-13
Saturday, October 9Th, 1917,

in front of the Court House. in the town of
Oakland. Nd, at the hour of eleven O'Clock
4. NJ. OF said day, offer at public auction to
the highest bidder, all of the right, title and
interest OF the said Mary f. Savage. Louis
Savage and Ross Savage in and to the fol-
lowing lot of ground situate near Friends
Vile in Garrett county, Mary and, as fol-
lows:
All that piece or parcel of ground lying in
Garrett county conveyed by deed from
Harrison and Christian Burgess to McClel-
land Savage, dated April 10, 1899, and re-
corded in Liber E. Il. T, No. Sc. folio 42O, one
of the Land Records of Garrett county, said
land being bounded and described as follows:
Beginning for the outlines Of the whole at
bounded gum tree shown as standing at
the end OF 16 percheS on the first line of Lot
No. 2999 one Of the originals, and running
thence East 50 perches to the first line of a
tract of land called The Granary," etc.,
running with said line reversed, South AS
West, 222 perches to a bounded rock oak,
North 50 percheS to the end of the third line
of Lot No. 2999, enc of the originals, and run
ming with the third line of Lot No. 299S, one
of the originals, still North 236 perches to a
bounded white oak, East 76 perches, South
l4o perches to the place of beg inning, con-
tanning
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
PATRIOTIC MEMORIAL
AT VALLEY FORGE
Descendants of Revolutionary
Heroes viii Attend Dedication
in Washington Chapel

Descendants of Revolutionary patriots
from several states viii journey to Valley
Forge today, where q chair presented by
the PENNSYLVANIA Society Of New England
Women will be dedicated to the memory of
the Rev. David Griftith and the Rev. vii
liam Montague in Washington Memorial
Chapel
The dedCatory ceremonies will take place
at 2:3O o'clock this afternoon
The Rev. David frtiith was George
WaShingtOn's rector at Alexandra. Va, and
the Rev. William Montague was New Eng
land clergyman and patriot. lie fought in
the Revolutionary War three years. After
giving valiant service for his country he
became rector Of Christ church. Salem
street Boston. The presentation address
will he made by Mrs. g. Howard Clark, Ir.,
president of the society,
Addresses will also made by the Rev.
william II. Dewart, present rector of Christ
church, Boston: the Rev W. Herbert Burk,
the Rev. pr. Floyd W. Tomi,ns and the
Rev. Dr. John Mocliridge.
Among the out -Of-tOwn guests Will be
Mr. and Mrs. Henry ". Montague. of Bos-
ton, a grandson of the Rev william Mou-
tague whose memory is houored at the
dedication.
There are now six chairs in the chauccl
Of Washington Memorial Chapel and they
represent the religious life of Washington,
The chair occupying the center was ded-
Gated to Bishop WhIt, wilo was at Christ
Church. Philadelphia. and Bishop Of Penn
sylVania Will" Washington was in this
State. The i've smaller chairs are dedi.
Gated to the five different rect0rs in whose
church Washington worshiped.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
BISHOP ISRAEL WILL GO
TO FRANCE WITH ARMY
Head of tho Episcopal Church in Erie
Voluntarily Enters Military
Service

ERIE, IA, May lo--l2lshop EoG0rs Is
racl, Of tho Erie Diocese OF the Episcopal
church, has offered his services g. the
UntGl States in any capac.ty and AT any
place tho authorities may dem hpst N's
offer has hgcn accepted. and ne hDa lser
ordered to duty in Franc. EshtI' Israel
anncuncoj that he would l,avS fc- Europe
early in June II Is believe! he viii ac-
company ouc Of the Red CrIss units.
The announcement WAS n1aHo tO0aE f'i-
lowing the meeting uf the hoard OF the Ca
thcdral OF 81. Paul here. wheu the bishop
obtained an indefinite leave OF absence from
church and diocesan duties Bishop lS-ael
is ll:ty.nyc years old lie came here frcm
Scranton, Pa. where he VAS rectcc of s..
IMko's Church for eighteen yearS prior %
the creation Of the Erie D,OCoss, iu 1910.
His wife died less than a yosr oEo.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
CONGRESSMAN'S THREE
SONS SERVE COUNTRY
Oldest Il Major, With Record for
Gallantry, Sustaining Tradi-
tions of Butler Family

wASHlNGTON. May lU.-Au the Sons Of
Representative Thomas : Butler. ranking
Republican member Of the Naval Affairs
Committee. will he active IN this war, in
some way on other Every generation of
the Butler family for siNty-SiN years. with
the exception of Mr Butler himself. will
have fought for the country. Mr.. Butler's
father was enlisted i'm the tiyil War. and
had to leave the Society of Friends for
doing So.
Major .imcdlry Butler left school a young
man and enlisted in the marines during
the Spanish War. ilc has seen sixteen eN-
pcditiOnS and fought in the Boxer cam
paiGn where he was rewarded. He won
honors at Nicaragua and was awarded a
medal for making the "trip as a scout from
Vera cruz To Mexico city. The medal has
not been accepted by the Ma ior. who re-
garded 1t as undescrVcd since he was not
under fire. Major Butler is now head of
the constabulary in Haiti
Horace Butler the youngest son, has
passed his examination for an engineer in
. submarine chaser, and within few day
WIN enter active service. Samuel Butler.
WHO, although suffering from a stiff leg, the
result Of an accident has offered his sery-
ices as an ambulance driver. and will he
accepted for work in this country
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

organization today at q conference oe'"e'"
the two bodies,
For n time II seemed as though ,he opera- p.
tors would meet the demands of the miners
,,bo ,rsist ON n 80 -3 per cent increase,
with a stipulation that the wage be reduced
when subnormal conditions cease 10 eN'a, ,
some OF the larger concerns. II was said,
had agreed To the demands. The operators
mnder The Philadelphia agreement granted
a o5 per cent increase .,.,- ,.,,,,,
The miners are frm In their dcmahGs
.,a u,Iess some agreement II reached IN
,he meeting between the operators eNccu.
live committee and the policy commt'ee ol
tho miners tomorrow the strlkc calied ior
MAY Is will become effective ,-.
81 many mines throughout the diSttic,
tho miners already have ceased work hut
In rho larger colieres. where work was
eusneuded. the men are going back tnnor-
row and efforts are being made 10 'hduce
AL the miners 10 return or remain al WORK
ur,il the date set for the strike.
In Cambria County 5000 miners at SCUM
ForI; and Portage, who struck Wednesday
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
INCREASE FOR ROCK MEN
Mine Contractors Employees Get an
Advance of Wages

SHENANDOAH, Pa, May lO.--James
Matthews, president Of District No. .. United
Mine Workers OF America, OF this city. OBJ
tanned, by special agreement with the
Anthracite Cancellation Board. an increase
OF 10 per cent for rock contractors en-
p,oyes at the colleries in Dauphin. Columbia
and Schuylkill Counties, who did not figure
In the mine workers agreement.
The increase is to remain in effect up to
and including March 81, 1920, and affects
thousands of rock workers
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
SAVED BY WEARING FLAG
Emblem Oh Mans Coat Halts Judge in
Imposing Sentence

StNBtiN Pa May 1U--Wearing N,
American nag on bis coat IapaI saved
James Dohhins Of BolIcfontc. from serving
lAll sentence. lic pleaded guilty Of de-
frauding n boarding house keeper ana Judge
Moscr started 10 sentence him when the flag
drew the Courts attention.
II won't sentence YOU to Jail This time"
tho Judge said. II believe there is some
good In man who has ~ much regard for
his couutry's laE, and you alr paroIed You
pay tho money back and the costs out of
your earnings"
Tho defendant promised to do 50 and was
allowed to 60
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
ROAD BIDS TOO MUCH
Seek Revised Offers to Construct por-
tons of Highways

HARlIISBURG, May ln.--,IiiPhway COM
missioner Black rejected all bids reccivmi
at tho state Highway department on MAY
=, for the construction uf improved ~5S:a
in Allegheny Cambria, nauph.n and Wash
ipgiou counties. "f''u rricts hi!,' says Il
statement issuc',, W. rs dcem"t -ro~t siNciy
high even In view q the present scarcity
OF labor ana Increased crSt u 'Gats.iaIs."
Mr.. Black announced that all of thGse
SECTIONS OF road w;uld he rcadvcrtisol i'm
me'us tcly, ss well 7s the section in Clarion
County, for which no bids were received
last THURSDAY.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
CHILD SHOT IN FIGHT
Prisoner Wrenches Revolver From Po-
iceman-EXplosion Follows

PoTrSTowN. Pa, May iO.-During a
lively scrimmage with Albert Keifreider. n
local constable. A. G. Peters, negro,
wrenched a revolver from Keifreiders hands
nnd the weapon was accidentally dis
charged. The bullet struck Anna, four
yearfold daughter of Joseph Sinclair. in the
breast, but the wound, physicians say, is
not serious.
The negro had been arrested for disor-
derly conduct at the McClintlc Marshall
sconstruction Company's plant lie esca ped
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
ELECTION BILL POSTPONED
Scranton and Pittsburgh Repeater Goes
on Calendar

HARRISBURG May l0.--Because Of a
Tight" house, advocates of tho Lynch hin,
repeating the nonpartsan feature Of the
law governing the election Of mayor COM
ctlncn and city controllers in Scranton and
Pittsburgh, had the repeater put on the
postponed calendar when it was reached
on final reading
Lynch and others behind the bin are
taking no chances Many membcrs were
away when the measure was reached hence
the postponemcnt with tho paysagr Of
the repeater by the House it win bs un tu
Governor Brumbaugh for final action.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
MAHANOY HONORS RECRUITS
High School Students and Colliery Boys
Leave for War Service

MAIIANOY CITY. Pa. May l0.--Maha-
noy city saw the greatest patriotic event in
it's history when ten high school students
left to join the hospital corps I'm France.
The whole city turned out TO give them an
ovation. Bands played. church bells rang
and colliery whistles shrielled for half an
hour. Five thousand persons marched In
the students honor.
Twenty other boys, coal crackers factory
and shop hands, left for training quarters
today. The list included German, Polish,
Lithuanian. Hebrew, Welsh, English and
Irish youths.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
CONVERSATIONS MENACrn

POTTsviLLE, Pa, May 1o--v.,,.
the failure Of clargyin-n to make r,,,.
" marriages performed by ,ho,,
claims for compensation uaic- III. ..'.'
mcr'A compensation law are rtl, .,
iE,alidatci.
Register Frank G. Gaii nr this r,,,.,-
las received irauuctorE fr",l Stats ~.
& ,aS 10 mrCGoea wit with sa, al aw against
gathered against all who fail T., ch,,' "'.ss ~
law NV
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

will return to work this morning. pe,a,.-
the outcome of the conference ''"u'ng
The strike was ordered by tho r,,..
convention, which adjourned at pubnfer
strike OF miners In this section ,.;, "a
sSTloesy ,Ss nS erlnp!e Industrial plants ali oys
will force many to shut down. Abou, snd .d
minues would be closed by the strila 40
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
MEXICANS FOR COAL MINES
Delaware and Hudson Company I'M
ports Sixty, With More to Follow

WlI.kES-BARRE Pa, May lU--For tho
purpose Of overcoming the shortage of labor
and with the hope Of keeping its mines in
full operatiOn, rhe Delaware and Hudson
Coal Company is importing MeXicaus, sixty
or whom arrived here and were sent TO
the pinc Ridge colliery in Miners Mills.
They will be quartcred i'm barracks that
the company has erected on the colliery
yards.
The announcement was made that several
hundred more Of the MeXiCans will come
10 this section within the course OF a few
DAYS
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
END CARPENTERS STRIKE
Builders Grant Compromise Increase il
Pay at Pittsburgh

PITTSBURGH, May l0.--UnIcr i cam.
promise tho strike Of 1000 carpenters, ~h!cn
has tied Yp nli building in 1NllcsNSuy Couu-
ty since Mly /. WAS sc'tlGl at Il CDr'fsr.re.
OF the men ami contrsc,cdH,
Tho carpcAtcrs agreed 20 an increase oC
eight and n half gents an hour, or n wAg.
~ sevcnty-Onr cents an hour instead Of
seventy-GVc cents, Tho daily WACO will be
Increased from IS to S5GS. The mar waived
their demand for double time for al over
time work
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
$4,000 COAL MINERS
ARE NEARING STRIKE
Operators to Notify Men That
No Further Concession Will
Be Made

CLEAEFIEI.D Pa May "a strike Of
$4,000 coal miners In central Pennsylvania
Is imminent due 20 the action of the OK
ccutivc committee Of tho Central Pcnnsyi-
Nania coal Operators Association In re-
rusing to modify the Philadelphia agree
me'it The committee announced that It
had decided the operators had gone the
limit. and this message win be conveyed 10
the policy committee Of the miners
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
Had Taught Fifty-eight Years

READING, Pa, May l0--Miss Charlotte
Hickman, who has been a teacher in the
-public schools here. since 1850. has resigned.
When she started TO teach. teachers were.
promotion made the salary $3.50 a month
She has taught In the Girls High School
for, over forty years OF the nfty-eight she
has seryed the school Boer1- "A I
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
Man Killed in Collision on Railroad

SHENANDOAH Pa, May 10,--GeOrge
Blass. twenty-seven years ola. of St Clair,
was killed, and Percy Everdale, twenty
nine years old. of Port Carbon, seriously
injured in a rear-end collision on the Read
ing Railway, on the Frackville branch. The
wreck tied up traffic for several hours.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
Twelve Germans Made Citizens

ALTOONA. Pa. May 1O.-Twelve natives
OF Germany, who had applied for citizenship
prior to the war between the United States
and that country were admitted to citizen-
ship at Naturalization Court. Before the
oath was administered Judge Baldridge
asked they II they would fight against their
fatherland, and all answered in the affirma-
tive. q
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
Dies at the Age of Ninety.seyen

LEBANON, May lO-Peter Daub. the
Oldest resident In Lebanon County. died yes
terday at the age of ninety-seven years, six
months and nineteen days. Up to a week
ago Daub was able TO be about as usual
lie was a retired farmer.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
nigh School. Seniors Visit Washington

IS PoTTsTOwN. Pa. May 1O.--several hun
tlred seniors from the Pottstown. Royers-
ford and Spring City high schools reft on
IN three-day trip to Washington. ID. C.
T, Members of the faculty parents and friends
~ the pupils accompanied them.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
More Pay for Stripping Work in Mines

HAzI.EToN, Pa, May 1O--The anthra-
cite operators OF the Hazleton district
agreed TO give higher prices for strip
ping work, SO the contractors can pay their
1000 men. The same proportionate wage
sdya.'es WAS RECENTLY granted miners.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

BETHLEHEM-Mr and Mrs. T.. w Mil
Ter celebrated the fftieth anniversary of
their wedding, He is civil War veteran,
having served in Company F.. l4gth Regl-
ment, Pennsylvania Volunteers.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
STATE NEWS
AT A GLANCE

MiRIETTN-A Boy Scouts council has
been organized in Marietta. George W.
pnkerton was chosen Scuutmaster; Albert
=. Reinhold. president John T.. SchoCll vice
president Charles NJ. kraus corresponding
secretary; Edgar H. Nillec. recording sec
retary. and chester W. RudisilL treasurer.
GREENSBt re- Mayor Snyder has an
nouuced that he viii not permit the use of
nrewOrks on the Fourth uf July. The order
is ssued "a a precautionary measure 50
that no advantage may be taken of harm
less celebration to work any destruction
The merchants here will not lay in any
stocks.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
BETIiLEH EN-

BETHLEHEM-The citizens of North
Bethlehem held largely attended fag-rais-
ing and the committee obtained nearly 100
boys from twelve to twenty years to cuti-
Vate vacant lots.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
Miner Killed, Another Injured

< oHENANDoAH. Pa. May 1o.--charIes
ep6is was Instantly killed and Joseph
)ee1y was seriously injured At 81.
~ .Qq)l1eFy. They were descending
~ s1s wAisn 4 y tla:as< the
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
GREENSIBt Rt. Mia
IIAKKISIiI Kl.

appointed Judge j. W. Way and Dr. g. IT,
Spragg, Waynesburg, as members Of The
Saite Defense committee from Greene
County.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

Included in each Of these four groups are
Suits in plain colors, stripes, neat checks and
mixtures; in models designed for men who
insist upon the latest style-touches, as we'll as
for those who desire the more conservative
styles. All regular sizes in each price-group, to
begin with, and also some for stout men.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

NORK--'rhe York County Milk Producers
Association has elected these officers: Pres.
ident, j. \. Poerbaugh. York, and srcre.
tary, e. n. Gross, Manchester
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

READING-Policemen' may no longer
carry revolvers in pockets. New automatics
have been supplied 10 every man and must
be worn on a belt. each man to take mart in
weekly target drill
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

READING--'rhe Rotary club here has
adopted the slogan Business as U'suaI,"
for all advertising forms and for display
purposes.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
MILLERSBlRG-M Missing since \

the body of NJ. T.. Ships, twenty-niue year
old. prominent Lodge man of Sunbury
was found in the SusQdchanna here It wa
identified by = key ring and clothing
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

NEW CASTLE--At the close Of six days
campaign for the Red Cross here. 97i mem
bcrS were enrolled.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

cided 10 open continuation school her,
the first one in carbon County Miss Mar
r.. Boyle has been elected teacher at
salary Of $S5 per month
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

HAZLETO> >--rh" merchants of Hazle-
ton will hold = community outing AT Halle
Park during the summer and donate The
receipts to the Red Cross
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

HAILETON-Stricken VITA apopcNy aft
er dinner. Michael Failon. siNty.epht years
old former Alderman, former deputS cor
oner and for years prominent in l.uzerne
County politics. fell dead AT his home
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

NEW CA>TLE-Bakers have increased
the price Of bread from twelve to fifteen
cents, and from eight to ten cents per loaf
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

United States navy ;rd stationed on the
battleship Vermont. was married in the
Lithuanian catholic Church here to Miss
Margaret MaaNich by the Rev. Father
GOwditis
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

HALLETON--Wsr times failed 10 cut
down the number Of applicants for fore
mans and assistant foremans certificates
In the fifteenth and sixteenth anthracite
mine inspection districts, thirty-aeven TAX
ing the test.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10
WILIIANISPORT

5000 missionary women Of the Northumber-
land PresbyterE in convention here were
urged to Increase contributions to missions
per cent on account Of the high cost Of
living
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

NoRRISTOWN- During the last twenty
four hours seventeen Young men iJined
Company r, William n. Earl, captain.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

lean flag has been flung to the breeze frc
the belfrN Of the First Reformed Chur,
st, Joseph's Hall. directly opposite I
church has also unfurled Il large nag
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

pupils In the chester public schools hav
applied for permission TO work public lots q
ground to be renovated for cultivation dur
ing the summer.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-05-10

The collection is divided into four differ
ent price-groups, and every Suit in each group
is marked at much less than present market
value-in fact, many have been selling in our
regular stock at the figures noted below as the
value--models and sizes of which but few Suits
remain. Others are special lots, advantageous
purchases from reliable manufacturers desir-
Gus of closing out nd-of-the-season lots
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-08-04
nth new CABINET
Entire Russ Cabinet Quits in
Order To Gust Two.
Then All but the Two UndeSir.
ables Return to Posts.

London, Aug 4-Russia was orce
again reforming her cabinet today for
the fourth time since democracy over
threw absolutism
Petrograd dispatches today empha-
sized that the designations of all rhe
ministers and the later WITHDRAW wal
of these designations by all save two
of the Kerensky cabinet members, was
not due to lack of support from the
populace. They were impelled first
by charges approaching treason level
led against NJ. Tehernoff, Socialist
minister of agriculture, forcing that
members retirement.
Tchernoff did not withdraw his
resignation and he and Foreign Min
lister Terestchenko were the only two
ministers who were out today. Ters-
stchenko is not a Socialist and fas
occasionally exhibited lack of SYM
pathy for the radical policies CT his
fellow cabinet members.
Hasn't Handicapped Kerensky.
Apparently the charges against
Tehernoff were inspired by the con-
Kerensky had been working in an eff
fort to have them designate a party
leader for the cabinet.
One report received today was that
an adjustment of the whole ministry
would be arranged tomorrow at con-
Premier Kerensky had called between
all parties and representatives of the
workmen's, soldiers and peasants
congresses at Moscow.
That the cabinet upheayal has not
stopped Premier Kerensky's course in
depressing malcontents was proved in
Petrograd dispatches detailing the ar
rest of General Gurko, formerly COM
mander on the southern front and
other officers, charged with fostering
the recent army mutiny. -igorous
hunt was on for the assassin of Gem
era1 Erdelli, military governor of
Petrograd-