davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19
Cloth Letters on Ground tell
Aviator What the Battery
Wants to Know-It's a
Poor Gunner Who Wastes
/ More than Three Shells
Finding Target.

(By The Herald Military Expert.)
Pershing's fists" are learning this
week how to coordinate their &C
tivities with the teeth" and "eyes" of
the army.
The American ex~peditionary force
Is entering OF the fina period Of its
training tt strike the German lines.
The infantrymen, the fists" are be-
ing taught how to cooperate with the
teeth" he big and little guns, and
with the eyes" the aeDoplane and
kite balloon observers.
The American infantrymen have
already been cover the top" behind
creeping barrage fire. This is n Of
ern warfare. If teamwork" is not
exact, the men will be slaughtered by
their own guns. Success or failure
may rest on fractions Of a second.
And now American soldiers are
realizing for the first time the vital
Importance Of air work. The direction
Of artillery fire by night and day
signaling from aircraft Is an exact
military science. The aero observer
is the man behind the man behind the
gun.
Henry Woodhouse, governor Of the
Aero club of America, to whom I am
1lluSuCcu Luz t4Ao UdSlC AdCS u ILLS
article, has written the first work on
this subject. His forthcoming Text
book of Military Aeronautics" will
shortly be published by the Century
company, and will be used as a stand
ard work for the instruction Of our
aviation and artillery personnel.
Aerodromes are located from 10 to
IL miles behind the front firing line.
Enemy positions are often hidden be-
hind hills miles away, out of sight
Of the batteries.
When a battery is ready for action,
the aviator assigned to 1t for spot
ting is instructed to have his ma
chine yer a given objective at. q
specified time.
On his flight out he "hovers" over
his battery to receive final signalled
instructions. He is provided with a
special, minutely-scaled map cover
ing h sector Immediately in front Of
the batteries Gone aviator may spot
for from one to four batteries) to
which he is assigned.
The map is marked off in is foot
squares. The letters and numbers
designating these squares, signalled
back to the battery, enable the COM
mander to place his shells with I'M
erring accuracy on practically any
square foot Of territory within range
Of his guns.
A battery commander who expends
more than three shells in locating a
target is considered inefficient!
The observer, having located the
position of the target and conveyed
the information to the artillery, re-
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19
Democracy Making Progress in
Germany, Reichstag Member Saus;
Wilson Interference Resented

Stockholm, Sept. 19.-"While
President Wilson'S answer to pope
Benedict did not turn back the clock
on the characterization movement In
Germany, its effect undoubtedly was
deplorable, and was regretted by all
friends of the fighters for democ-
racy," said Herman Leube, member
OF the Reichstag, and a Hamburg
meat dealer, who is in Stockholm.
Millions OF Germans, including
myself" he continued, agreed with
MT. Wilson on many points and share
ms views OF demonstration, but he
must leave it to us. Mr.. Wilson's
IN what we regard as purely
our private affairs. is resented and
has brought all Germans together
against him.
Movement Growing Stronger.
sOur adversaries now sneeringly
say. You're willing to dance to he
tune of Wilson's pipe. However,
whatever form OF government we
have lis own business. The move
ment is not dead, but is growing
stronger every month, and / am con-
fdent something will develop when
the Reichstag meets.
TT is worth remarking that the
center (the Catholic) party is with us
on characterization. The center In
Guides among Its voters millions ] Of
working men who are for democrats
zatfon. The next step will be deveI-
opment OF the imperial council.
When the Reichstag meets Sep
fernber 26, the first question to be
threshed out will be how seven new
ministers carne to be nominated with
out the Refchstag patty leaders being
consulted. Moreover, the wish viii
be at least expressed that IN future
the Refchstags advice be asked be-
fore consent to appointments can be
obtained.
Would AboIish Secret Diplomacy.
Z shall propose to my party friends
an effort TO do away with secret
diplomacy and secret substantially.
nv Idea IL that the Reichstag com
mites on fereisn affafrs be consulted
upon all important matters and that
no important step be taken without
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19
YAWPlNG AT Sc NATOR NELSON

1t is not at all unusual for a callow congressman
who Is in a hurry to make his mark to seek to attract
attention to himself by attacking somebody who il really
worth while. 1t Is on that principle, apparently, that
Congressman Baer yawps and yammers at Senator Knute
Nelson, of Minnesota. Knute Nelson was giving a maMs
service to the country Of his adoption before Mr.. Baer
was born. He has been a patriotic American citizen
for more than twice as many years as Mr.. Baer has lived.
And unless Mr.. Baer watches himself he will have passed
into the limbo of forgotten things before Knute Nelson
has completed his labors on earth, and become, instead
OF the useful presence that he is, the honored memory
that he will be. Senator Nelson is a rather gritty old
rock for an infant to cut his teeth on,
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19

ceives in return the signal "Observe
for line" Keeping on the side Of the
battery furthest from the sun, SO sig
nails can be read easily, the observer
spots the first shot to see II the bat
terry has the right line.
When this is done, the signal COB
serve for range comes The OBJ
server now flies in an elongated figure
eight, always turning towards the
target, and spots for range, signalling
If the shot is "over" or short" of
target.
Range having been obtained, the
signal observe for fuse" is sent, and
the observer tells the battery whether
the shells are bursting directly over
the target or not.
When the signal "land" is sent, the
aeroplane comes down at a place pre-
viously selected.
The methods and codes used for
signaling from and to aircraft have
been greatly developed and simpliied.
-Four methods are used: Wireless,
lamps, Very's lights and smoke puffs.
Code is used, Of course When radio
fails, Very's lights are used. These
are colored lights shot from a spe-
cially designed pistol. Combinations
Of green and red flashes tell whether
the shots are "over" or short or out
VI 1l11o T1BEC or 1911.
AS 1t is impossiblesfo for an aviator to
receive" by wireless a novel method
of signaling from the ground to air.
craft has been worked out. Strips Of
white cloth, 2 feet wide, are arranged
in the form Of letters II feet long.
These can be seer from a height Of
5000 feet.
Special training for aviators doing
spotting work is necessary, in order to
distinguish the. puffs Of smoke Of
hostile anti-aircraft guns from shell
smoke Of artillery. He must be ia
miliar with the various uses Of ar
tillery-for instance, that field guns
arefu used for barrage fire, while how
tiers are used for counter fire on
enemy batteries.
He must keep an eye on the sky
above him ready to dodge the down
ward plunge of some enemy fighting
machine which has escaped his own
battleplanes and is ready to spray him
with machine gun bullets, for his duty
is to spot" not to fight.
While engaged in spotting, aero
planes habitually fly in circles and
figure Fights, changing direction fire.
quently to dodge hostile anti-aircraft
fire.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19

its prior knowledge and approval. I'm
der such a system, the Mexico affair,
the bomb affair in Norway and the
Argentine affair would have been i'm
possible
Leube would not commit himself
Tor publication regarding the gossip
'that Michaelis might prove only q
snort interim chancellor, but one
might draw an inference from these
remarks:
has impressed no one,
he Is a competent and energetic gov
official. but nothing else.
Botn parties still hope to draw him to
lnelr side. The peculiar strength of
Vice Chancellor Helfferich's position
Is tnat ne combines within himself al
i've high government officials
and ha so much actual knowledge of
everything, particularly finance and
economics. he has become almost In
dlspensable. He is the coming man.
With. W adjutants left, HeIfferich
and Kuehlman, 1t should be an easy
schancellorship."
Leube indicated that HeIfferieh il
now yeering with the democratic cur
rent, saying.
Heafrerich Has Broad Views.
las DEOdu views n the
moment he saw that the people and
the Reichstag wanted democratiza-
ton he was for it,
Leube said:
II has a great moral effect upon
the German people. Il makes them
reailze they do not have to go on
lighting because their Royernment
wants them to, but because their enc
mics insist upon IT.
Y advanced the novel theory
the Germans took Riga when they dfd
because Of better food conditions, say
ing
Food conditions are better now
have taken Riga a year ago. Nov
things are better, SO we took if
Serbia fs now furnishing lots Of food,
cattle and corn.
The Central pomerp can easily feed
MEML
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19
SENSIBLE

Chicago Tribune: "A. M. sirnons.
Socialist. held forth in Minneapolis the
other day and said: 1T I and J.sP
before / would thrash out the eco.
nomic problem with him I'd ask him
to take a gun and fight OFF the ami
mails. II we want peace today, we
must fight for It,"
Sensible Socialist! Gifted, r~foreoy-
ler. with moral perception rare among
Fpsendo-liberals just now. In the next
sentence, what a sermon!-If YOU
stand in the road and interfere with
the government, and II by q single
hour you delay a victorious peace.
your hands are red with the blood az
our own men sent over And, finally.
this clincher. gTo interfere with the
government isn't pacifsm; it's nj
der
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19

look more deeply into each others
hearts and souls than ever before.
And It is just at this place in their
lives that war steps in and separates
them. It Is just at this period that
he nation calls upon the son to serve,
and the father to sacrifice.
The mother has had the past, the
father gives up the future.
For II the boy does not come back
the father cannot have quite the store
Of memories Of the mother, and If he
does come back-as most Of them will
he will have spent the time that
might have been the fathers with
other men and in other scenes. And
though he may be a bigger, stronger
and better man for it. Dad and he
will never quite touch the intimacy
they would otherwise have known.
So without belittling the beauty
and holiness Of the mothers sacrifice,
I speak this brief word for the brave,
quiet, fearless sacrifice of Dad"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19
HOW The BIG GUNS SEE THROUGH THE EYE IN The sky
ARMAN, LOWERING OVER TARcET, SIGNALS BATTERY EFFECT OF IT'S SHELLS
LETTERS ON GROUND
ARE CODE TO AIRMAN

One Of the most Ingenious fea-
lures of the system Of directing
battery fire from airplanes Is the
visible to the airman, these signals
must be concise. The letter "Y"
means repeat your message;"''Y '
with one line below means "lost
she last message" "Y" with two
lines below, means "lost the last
Two messages" etc; the letter 'F''
means message received; the letters
FIX" mea change to another
Target" and SO on through a series
Of letters and symbols, each Of
which stands for a single sentence,
and yet is easily remembered.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19
What Is Going On
In Germang
As Told by the Newspapers We
Get from the Teutonic Empires
and Neutral Nations.
RMA o GET
NOVEL INSTRUCTIONS.

The Rheinische Zeitung Of Cologne
says early one morning the portals of
every cafe and restaurant in that city
were found adorned with posters bear
ing the following Instructions to Puz-
zled Cooks:
Take the butter card, stew it down
with the meat card, and add the egg
card. In q separate saucepan cook
the potato, vegetable cards together,
and, when done, add these to the stew.
For dessert, warn up the potato
card, add the milk card. sweeten with
sugar card, and bake with 1t the bread
and biscuit cards. i
Then wash your hands with the
water card"
FREIGHTAGE ASKED
FOR MAN's 'TEGs-"
An odd story in the Rheinisch-
Westfaelische Zeitung reads:
"A curious appeal occupied the
reischstag petitions committee at its
recent sitting. A miner who had lost
both legs in a mining accident had de-
clared he regarded the automatic
push-car as his legs.
"He complained when travelling by
train he had been compelled to buy
a separate ticket for his legs which
the railway company dealt with az
luggage.
THE committee decided that the
regulations governing the travelling
OF war-disabled persons did not apply
to such as were inoapacitated through
other causes. and dismissed the case
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19
CITY N COUNTRY.

Uncle Ezra-so We just got bad
rom New York! What's the diffd
ence5 between the city and the cod2
Uncle Eben-Waal, in the cotntI!
you go5to bed feeling all In and get III
Ieeiing fine. and in the city you go Il
FEELING fine and get u feeling III
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19
REMEMRER. rHIs

I'm glad Billy had the sense to
marry an old maid" said grandma at
the wedding.
why. grandma?" asked the son.
"Well, gals is highly-tighty, and
widders is kinder overrulin' and up
%settin,' but old maids is thankful and
willin' to please."-Tit-Bits.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19

1t might be an interesting exercise for a farmer of
today who was in the business a quarter. Of a century
ago to dig up some Of his old bills and compare present
prices with those Of the earlier period, and also to COM
pare the prices Of farm produce.
a. "#&E~E @4HWNE
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19

France DEGREES skirts are to be mar
rover az well as shorter this fail.
Wei. If they make 'em ahort enoueh
they can cut them as narrow as they
please and wonnen will still be able
to wall.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19

Some men spend 80 much time
hustling that they haven't time to ac-
anything.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19

Some of those American secret
service men must be regular de
teckatives." d
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19
FREIGHTAGE ASKED
o MANS sIiEGS."

Complaint is made that the cats ca.
too much. "Spurlos versenkt" fol
useless cats until after the war.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-09-19
10. 1917.

9 fc:os II white and scarlet! o blue with your silver
warm hearts : cherieh you. and NJ 'GS dying w'' lips si I 1 you tRhe:
blessing! Ours by inheritance, ours BY ALLEGIANCE, ours BY
the emblem Of liberty. the hope of the world.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-03-24
Domestic Science School
to Form Auxiliary Chapter
Woman's Navy League

Enthused by an address by Col. Rob-
ert NJ Thompson, president of the
Navy League, students of the National
School of Domestic Arts and Science
are planning to organize an auxiliary
chapter of the Woman's Section of the
Navy League.
In his address at the school last night
Col. Thompson described the situation
movement throughout the United
States carried on by the Navy League,
which required 5000 letters daily to
handle, and the duty of the women.
young and mature, should the emer-
gency arise.
Stress was laid upon the superior
work accomplished by the women OF
England. who have so nobly responded
20 the call of their country, and whose
work has been conspicuous in ITS SUI
periority to that accomplished by the
men OF England in peace conditions.
A striking example proved the illustra-
ton by comparison of the output of a
straw works, 200 bales Il day under
the supervision of the men, and 500
bales day by the ladies who took their
place in the factory when their country
made the call.
Col Thompson explained the life OF
the men in the new manner of war
fare. for which the Congress OF the
United States had not made the ade-
duate preparation owing to the fact
that the conditions had arisen suddenly
and unexpectedly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-03-24
FUNMAKING A FEATURE.
Members of Board of Trade Member
ship Committee Entertained.

Sixty Members of the membership
committee of the Washin gton Board of
Trade We're present at an entertain
ment and oyster roast given at get
together" meeting at the Builders and
Manufacturers Exchange last night In
addition othe program which had been
arranged there was an abundance of
informal fun making by the members.
President f. c. Brandenburg was one
Of those who attended Samue! ]. Pres
colt, chairman of the executive COM
mittee of the organization was pre-
sented with a bouquet of flowers by
Odell S. Smith on behalf of the member
ship committee for his interest in the
work
Joseph and James L. Grant gave an
exhibition wrestling match. 4 quartet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-03-24
Women Urged to Prepare
for EventuaIities of War
by Head of Local Society

Women are urged to prepare for the
war DAYS and fit themselves to take
over the labors of the men when the
cal! to arms comes, in an open letter
from Mrs Ella S. Knight, president of
the Sunshine and Community Society
of Washington, as follows:
With our country on the brink of
war. and my heart full of love for our
dear country and its flag, / earnestly
appeal TO each and every member of this
society to prepare 20 make yourselves
efficient to meet the needs that VIII be
called upon us to fill
strengthen your branches with cap
able officers. increase your membership
appoint committees to carry out your
plans. -
ITO the older members ] would advise
keeping up the care of the poor; look
into every sad home; should there be
war, there will be many families who
have never asked for charity that will
ask for it then, and many aged men
and women to care for.
Rent a room; fill it with clothing OF
every kind; collect all the can food
possible and keep it for emergency.
divide the District into sections
among the members, and make a can
vas of every house in Washington; col
lect all old papers and magazines, sell
them and keep the money to be used
where needed most.
Urged to Secure Pledges.
ITO the younger members of the Gale
mont branch l would advise increasing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-03-24
MERCHANT ROBBED ON STREET.
Ralph .Renno Reports Loss of $24.20
and Five Colored Men Are Arrested.

Ralph Renno, 1871 Massachusetts, ave-
nue. southeast, merchant, told the
police of the fifth precinct that he was
assaulted and robbed of s242O last
night about $50 o'clock, while on Hone
avenue southeast, near his place of
business. Detective Messer and Police
men Hurst and Waters of the fifth pre-
cinct investigated the affair and arrest
ed five young colored men on charges
of assault
According to information furnished
the police, Mr. Renno had had occasion
to speak of alleged improper conduct
of certain colored men living near mis-
place of business, and last night II is
charged, several of them stopped him
on his way home and assaulted him. He
was not seriously hurt.
The merchant told the police he had
$500 in his inside coat pocket but it
was not taken from him. The five per-
sons under arrest are registered as
CHARLES Hawkins, William Wilson,
Sampson Lomax, William Scott and
George Green. all residents of the
southeast section. II. is stated that
some of them admitted participation I'm
night, but deny any part in a robbery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-03-24

your membership at once: have each
member enlist and pledge her sup
port according to her ftness) in the fol-
lowing work: Camp cooking, nursing,
clerical work, bookkeeping. typewrit-
ing, clerks, factory work, carpentering,
driving delivery wagons, car con-
ductors, inspectors, gas, electric, po-
lice duty, painters, learn how to cut
meat properly, learn to drive motor
cars of all kinds.
The older members should cooperate
with the younger members, provide
training classes and instructors for
them.
! Encourage and talk patriotism to
every boy and man you meet.
Have hundreds of buttons made with
our flag on it. and sell them for penny
a piece, 50 that each and every man
and boy in the District of Columb a
will carry the American flag on his
breast; those who refuse to buy, give
them one.
Talk patriotism in your homes, on
the street and in all your clubs. Re
member the home is the real seat of
government, and we Che keepers of
that home must join hands, work to-
gether and help to preserve the glory
of the flag of the United States"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-03-24
FUNERAL SERVICES MONDAY.
Body of Miss Masters, Killed by
Train, Brought to Parents Home.

Identification of the body of Miss
Lila Virginia Masters, a former school
teacher, who was killed by a Baltimore
and Ohio railroad train near Hyatts-
VILE, Md, yesterday afternoon, was
made few minutes after the accident
happened. Justice of the Peace A. II.
Dahler viewed the body and swore a
jury to hold an inquest Monday night
The body of the young woman was
brought to the city last night and
taken to the home of her parents
Wexford NJ. and Mrs. Masters, 1852 10th
street. where funeral services will be
conducted Monday.
Miss Masters, who was a gradua te
of the Normal School and of Western
High School, took postgraduate
course in George Washington Univer-
sity. and taught school until her health
became impaired. about two years ago.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-03-24
All Working Together.

Wives, mothers, sisters and sweet
hearts of officers in the Army, Navy
and Marine Corps have formed units
joined into one big organization known
as the United Service branch of the
Red Cross, which is conducting sew
ing meetings in various parts of the
city. AT these meetings the relatives
of officers, of the enlisted men and
women in civil life are cooperating
in making surgical dressings, bandages
and garments to supply base hospitals
under the direction of the Red Cross.
OF this service organization the wives
of Secretaries Daniels of the Navy De-
partment and Baker of the War De-
partment are the honorary chairmen
and active supporters.
Much of the work being done is CEN
tered in the Wadsworth House. Dupont
Circle, where the District Chapter of
the Red Cross, is meeting. and where
the big boxes as they are packed for
the base hospitals under the Red Cross
supervision are checked up
The executive committee directing
this united service work includes Mrs.
f. +. Fletcher, wife of Admiral
Fletcher: Mrs. Hugh l.. Scott wife of
Maj. Gen Scott. chief of staff of the
army, and Mrs. George Barnett. wife of
the major general commandment of the
Marine Corps, and more than score of
wives of the most prominent officers in
these three branches of military serv-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-03-24
THEFTs REPORTED TO POLICE.
Robbery by Duplicate Key Worker
Among Them.

A duplicate key worker is wanted by
the police to answer a charge of house
breaking at the residence of Mrs. Es-
telle Browning. 1914 10th street, yes
terday. Mrs. Browning told the police
that the robber visited the house dur
ing her absence and took a silver box
containing s13 and a bracelet.
Ella Hines, 1859 Goth street, has re-
ported to the police that a pocketbook
containing 81 and a watch disappeared
from her house early last night.
Other robberies have been reported to
the police by the following: Irving
Padgett. SIS Oronoco street, Alexandria,
Va. bicycle from hallway of an office
building: ]. w. Brown. 1903 10th street,
three dry batteries: Walter Upsold.
Ballston, Va. overcoat valued at SO.