davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-04-05
WILSON CHEERED IN THEATRE,
PresIdsnt IL Centre of TumuItsOu,
Patriotic Demonstration,

wAsHrSGToS. April 4-President Will
son. attending a theatre tonight after
working most OF the day on war plans.
was greeted with enthusiastic cheers.
The orchestra played ''rhe Star Span
sled Banner" as the President was rec
oEnized and tho audience rose for o tu-
multuoua demouetyatien,
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-04-05
GERMANS GET WILSON SPEECH.
british SD French Aviatsrs DreS
Copies Debtad the Lines.

LONDON. April +-President Wilson's
address to Congress. translated into
German. is being distributed literally
over the German lines by British
sviators.
IL is understood the same thing In
being done by French aviators.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-04-05
MARKS DROP SHARPLY.
Wilson's War Message Also Ahecis
Dollars tu switzerland.

BgRSr. Ayrn THE effect of Prcs!-
dent Wilson's address TO Congress on
tho Germar exchange rate was 10 send
tho MARI down to ~. ceniimes. the
lowest price on record.
Tho dollar fell TO I tAooo % centi1Aa
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-04-05
Senators Who Voted
Against State of War

SENATORS who cast the votes
against declaring a state of
war existing between Germany
and the United States we're:
Gronna of North Dakota.
La Toilette of Wise onsin.
Norris of Nebraska.
Lane of Oregon.
Stone of Missouri.
Vardaman of Mississippi.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-04-05
BEwARE OF SOLICITORS

who claim to represent this Fund. We have
authorized no collectors 10 act for our Commit
tee All tickets for our BENEFIT Performance are
sold only al the iippodrome at regulsr prices.
JUNIOR PATRIOTS OF AMERICA.
Ma oliver AAyyiinAn, vtoo-Rssoy~AIps
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-04-05

or those absent Il was annoNccu -
various Senators that all except Seu-
ator Gore Of Oklahoma would hay .
voted for the resolution II present. AB
TO Senator Gore. Senator Reed AZ
nounced merely that he was aDsen. h'-
cause of illness.
The text of til" resolution follows
Whereas the lmperiai Gcr.unr
Government has committed repeatru
acts OF war against the Government
and the people Of the United State
of American; therefore b- =
RrSolrcd by the Senate a.d House
of Representative of the United
States of America in corsrCs- as
scmbled. That the state OF war BE-
tween the United States ana to
Imperial German Government whic!l
has thus been thrust upon the
United States is hereby formally Gc-
clared. and that the President he
and he is hereby authorized and a
rected to employ the entire uayd
and military forces Of the United
States and the resources Of the Go,
ment to carry on war against tho
Imperial German Government ana
10 bring the conflict 10 - successful
termination all Of the resources O..
the country arc hereby pledged "a
the Congress Of the Crltod states
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-04-05

The detailed vote follows:
For the resolution: Democrats
Ashurst, BeCkham. Broussard. Cham
berlain, Culberson, Fletcher, Gerry.
Hardwtck. Hitchcock, Hughes. Hust-
ing. James. Johnson (South Dakota>,
Jones (New MeXico>. kendrick. King.
Kirby. Lewis. McKellar, Martin.
Myers. Overman. owen. Phelan. Pitt
man. Pomerene, Ransdcll. Reed, Robin
son, Salisbury. Shafroth. Sheppard.
Shields, Simmons. Smith ,A.izona).
Smith Georgia.. Smith ,South CARO-
lina), Swanson, Thompson, Trammell,
Underw ood. Walsh Wiliiams-ia.
Republicans-Bo Borah, Brady, Tran
degee, Calder. Colt. cummins. Curtis
Dillingham;. Fan, Ferraid. France.
Frelinghuysen, Galling"r, Hale, Hard
ing. Johnson californian. Jones
Washington, Kellogg. Kenyon.
Knox, Lodge McCumbcr. Mclean,
Nelson. New Page pcnrose. Po,ndeX-
ter, Sherman Smith tMch!gan).
Smoot. Sterling. Sutherland. Townsend,
wadsworth, Warren Watson, Weeks,
Wolcott-39
Total for the resolution-S2
Against tho resolution:
Democrats Lane, Stone, Nardainan
g
Republicans -Gronna, La Foliet.r,
Norris-3.
Total against the resolution i
Absent or paircd-B Bankhcad, Coli
Gore. Hollis Newlands Smith tMiH,
Thomas, Tillman--S
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920, 1917-04-05
Artillery Dsels violent.

South OF tho Ailette River there
has been no change, Violent artillery
fighting took place In the region OF
Margival and Laffaux.
In the Woevre our long range guns
caught under their fire enemy detach-
ments reported In the VigneulIes
railway station. An intermittent
cannonade occurred on the rest OF the
front. In the Vosges a German air
plane was brought down by the fro
OF our special guns
Belgian: Tho he,d and trench ar
QeNttAalel q TNtrd PaaG
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21

Rev. T. II Noe preached al
Interesting sermon at Noeton
Sunday afternoon.
Miss Dorothy C:rpening Of
Morristown was { e guest of hel
sister, Mrs. Ed EMrell, Saturday
night.
Judge Coleman and family
from MorristoWl motored over
Sunday Afternoon and were the
guests of friends here.
Miss Pearl Stubblefield of Noe
ton and Mr.. Ernest Kingsolvel
of Washburn, y ere married in
Morristown, last week.
Several from here attended
the opening ball at Tate Springs
Saturday evening.
Messrs Frank and George Mil
Ter were called to the bedside of
their mother, Mrs. James Mil
ler, at Virginia, Ill.,, Monday.
Fitzhugh Wells and Misses O.
la Rich and Georgia Payne of
Heaths, visited friends in Noe
ton, Saturday and Sunday.
Miss Rachael Acuff of Joppa,
is visiting friends here this week
Miss Myrtle Ayres of Bowie,
Tex, was the guest of her cou-
sin, Mrs. Alma Harrell.
Miss Ida Elizabeth Rich enter
tanned several of her friends on
Saturday evening with a birth
day party.
Games and music were enjoy
cd. The color scheme of green
Ind white were carried out in
the refreshments. All departed
at a late hour wishing the host
ess many more happy birthdays.
Miss Love Hodges of Morris
town, is visiting her grandpar-
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. W. E. HaTell
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
T A T E

Miss Eta Mills was the guest
of her cousin, Miss Martha Hen
ry, Friday night.
DR.. J. H. Idol was visiting
friends in Knoxville, Thursday
and Friday.
Miss Zettie Cantwell of Avon
dale, was the guest of her cou-
sin, Miss Martha Henry, Thurs
day.
Thomas Clement and daugh-
ters, Louise and Mae of Idol were
visiting relatives here, Thursday
Miss Callie Rich of Noeton,
was the guest of her sister, Mrs.
H. E. Beets, last week.
Mrs. Lucy Palmer and daugh-
ter, Miss Rowena and Miss Lu-
cille Hale of Morristown spent
part of last week with Mr.. anc
Mrs. James Cantwell, near Bow
en-.
Miss Rachael Acuf of Joppa
was the guest of Miss Nettit
Cameron, last week
Mrs. Thomas Cantwell ant
children of Avondale were tht
guests of relatives here las
week.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
PERSONNEL OF
The CONVENTION

The fear has been suggested that,
even II the election for the Convention
10 carried. the purpose of holding the
Convention will miscarry through the
unwillihgnsss of the best citizens OF
the State TO offer themselves as dele.
gates. and that the politicians and
special interests would control its DO.
hberations. This fear Ia groundless.
The selection of the delegates h
something the people. not the politi.
clans, will control. The influential
men Of each county viii see that one
OF its most prominent men. Of ability
and integrity, will consent to become
Q delegate. And he will be elected. In
those counties entitled to several del.
sgates, the same precaution must be
taken as to every delegate. A Con
vsntion made UP Of such, men will be
absolutely beyond the reach Of any
politician. special interest or any sim
lister Influence.
There ts not q man In Tennessee,
no matter at what personal sacrifice,
who will decline to be a delegate Ii
unsolicited the honor is conferred on
him by his feElow-citizens. And II is
the busy man, the prominent man, the
man who will go at such a sacrifice,
who should be selected as q delegate,
for 1t is he who will give his labor to
his State for the public good without
thought Of personal gain.
A prominent and patriarchial eiti-
sen of rural county was approached
recently by his fellow-townsman and
asked II he would stand for election
~ a delegate. He replied that his
people had been good to him, that
they had offered him many political
offices. all of which he had declined,
but that this honor he would accept,
rs he considered II not an office but
an opportunity to serve hts State. And
such win be the attitude Of all good
men who are asked to become candi-
dates. II their selection is kept free
from politics.
1t has been the history Of such Con-
ventions IN Tennessee and other
States that the best men in each com.
munity have offered themselves as
delegates in order to serve their State
IN q matter Of such vital importance.
These Conventions have uniformly
been composed OF the most prominent
men and the most brilliant minds in
the State-men so big that they sub
ordinate absolutely partisan politics 70
the good Of the State.
Tennessee will send her best mea
as delegates, and under such circum-
stances the people need have little
fear Of the changes which may be sug-
gested by such body. Good men VIII
suggest only good laws And remem.
ber. there is the additionai safeguard
that the people. by their votes, win
have the final soy On the adoption OF
every amendment suggested
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
MAY SPRINGS

Rev. E. w. Akard filled his
regular appointment at Shiloh
church, Sunday.
Mrs. George Yates was the
guest of her parents, last week,
Mr.. and Mrs. Z. X. Tate.
Miss Kate Kelly is visiting
friends at Whitesburg.
Misses Maude Gilmore and
Blanche Greenlee were the guest
of Mrs. George Schultz, Sunday
Arthur Moore and family mo-
torcd to Knoxville, Sunday.
Rev. Charles Williams was the
cuest of Mr.. John Helm and lam
lily, Sunday.
Miss Grace Schultz has re-
turned home after very pleas
ant stay at Roam Mt.
Mr.. and Mrs. G. c. Gilmore,
of Buffalo, attended church here
Sunday.
Miss Belle Watkins is visit
ing relatives at Talbot.
Harley Combs and family were
Sunday guests of their parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. p. N. Combs.
Miss Fairy Lowe is the guest
of her grandmother Mrs. Saman
tina Lowe.
Miss Stella Schultz left last
week for Johnson City to attend
the summer school.
Mrs. L. K. Tate and Mrs. Geo.
Yates were shopping in Jefferson
City, Friday.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
d. A. CLIFTON X & B AGENT

James Phillips who has been
agent at the Rutledge railway
office for some time has resigned
to accept a position in the Mas
cot station on the Southern Ry.
D. A. Clifton, former agent
and operator of this place, has
been appointed to succeed Mr..
Phillips and is now in charge of
the office. This change has REQ
pened the Western Union Tele-
graph office at Rutledge. Mr..
Clifton has many friends here
who will be pleased to learn OF
his appointment.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
Useful In Locating Bullets.

/ Every hospital in the war zone has
some electrical equipment for locating
the bullets in wounded men, but Ger.
man has recently invented a pocket in
strument for this purpose. 1t consists
Of q two-pointed probe connected by
Insulated wires to pocket electric
lamp. When the probe comes in con-
taet with a bit Of metal closed cir
cuit IL formed which lights the lamp.
Flashes from the bulb also indicate
when the probe is approaching or re-
csding from bullet or bit Of shrap-
mel for these latter are more frequent
" the cause Of wounds than bullets.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
WASHBURN

Everett Chadwick and sister
of LHttrell, were visiting at the
home of j. p, Nicely, Saturday
and Sunday.
Mrs. Arthur Frye and daugh-
ter, Ruth, are at the home of her
mother, Mrs. Houston Branson,
this week.
Miss Lydia Branson was in
Luttrell on business, Tuesday.
Mrs. Harriet Kits entertained
Sunday. Those present were;
Misses Ada and Estell Cleveland,
Mrs. l.. T. Nicely and children,
Rev. X. E. George and son, Ed
ward and "Uncle" John Ham
mock.
Miss Lula Rucker of Puncheon
Camp, was visiting Mrs. E. 0.
Beeler, Saturday and Sunday.
Miss Zettie Keck of Powder
Springs, spent Sunday with Miss
Trula Wolfenbarger.
II. H. Rucker of 4Tazewell was
here on business, this week.
Lon Nicely and family and
Mrs. Luther Kits and daughter,
Velda, motered to DR.. IDOLS,
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
PunCheOn Camp

Mrs. A. L. Hopson was the guest
Of her son, Winfield, and family
Sunday.
Mrs. John Rucker and son,
Clyde, of Harbisons X Roads,
but formerly of this place, are
spending a few days here with
relatives and old friends.
Mrs. Barton Petree of Wash
burn, has been visiting friends
and relatives here.
Mrs. p. l.. Ruth and children
of Knoxville are spending sew
eral days with her parents and
other relatives.
Miss Mossie Clapp of Knox
vile is the guest of her sisters,
Mrs. Dave Seymour and Mrs.
Perlow Ruth.
The many friends of Torrance
Acuff will regret to learn that
he is confined in one of the hos
pitalS at Knoxville, where he
an operation for APP
pendicitis. He is reported to be
getting along nicely.
Born to Mr.. and Mrs. Wade
Harrell, a boy.
Mrs. Scott Hamilton and
daughter, Hazelle, have been Wis
iting at Liberty Hill, and shop
ping in Knoxville, this week.
Lloyd Satterfield of Liberty
Hill was the guest at the home
of Pryor Acuff, Sr., lately.
Winfield Hopson has recently
installed beautiful victrola in
his home.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
MODERN WOODMAN MEET

Rutledge camp No. 1886,
Modern Woodman of America
held its regular meeting Satur-
day night, June 16. Three can
didates were received into the
craft and an interes ting meet
ing was held. The membership
is increasing and much interest
is being given the syork.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
CONSTITUTIONAL
CONVENTION ELECTION

July 20, 1917, first election.
Voters will vote simply for" or
against" the Convention.
Sept. 20, 1917, election Of dele.
gates. EVERY county will be
entitled to ONE delegate, some
counties to more, making 1877
delegates In ell.
Dot. 80, 1917, convention will
meet In Nashville. II WILL NOT
write the Constitution anew. II
will merely suggest AMEND
MkNTS, which must be voted
on BY the people.
The Convention will fix the
date Of the eIsetlon on the
amendments. Each amendment
mvst be voted on separately BY
The PEOPLE. A majority Of the
votes cast on each amendment Is
necessary 20 lts adoption.
In all counties voting under
the oortoh Law, q registration
certificate 10 necessary TO Vote.
1918 poll tax receipt ls neees-
sary to vote. II must be paid by
June 20, 1917.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
TRUSTEES EI ECT OFFICERS

The board of Trustees of
Shiloh Academy rlet at Shiloh
church on June 9th, and organiz-
ed by electinG Rev. E. w. Akard
chairman allA A. V. Combs, Sec
retary and treasurer.
Arrangements were made for
starting Q campaign for funds
at once. The meeting was very
enthusiastic. Six members of the
board agreed to raise one thou
sand dollars each by June 80,
at which time arrangements will
be made to begin work on the
building.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
Every Person Has Something
to Do to Help United
States Win
PRODUCE MORE, CONSUME LESS
Each County viii Be Organized In
Committees and Each County viii
Be Helping the State Do Its Part as
Requested Ry President Wilson.

In every county in Tennessee thi:
year men and women will be organized
to do what they can do to feed them
selves and to have a surplus for the
fighting armies.
Every county will have a FOOT
SUPPLY COMMITTEE, headed by 8
competent chairman. The business Of
this committee is important. There
will, perhaps, be five subcommittees
the chairman of the Food Supply Com
mittee is responsible for what the
chairmen of the subcommittees do.
What can they do? Each county pre-
sents problems. Here are some .sug
gestions for action:
1. Farm Production Increase Com.
mittee.
Encourage testing seeds.
Provide adequate seed supply.
Provide adequate supply of fertilizer.
Encourage cooperation in the use OF
farm machinery.
Insist upon economical production OF
livestock.
Insist upon increased acreage of essen.
tial food and feed crops.
2. Farm Labor Supply Committee.
Enlist boys below Is for seed testing
and other farm duties.
Enlist girls and. women for such duties
for which they may be fitted.
Enlist men for farm work-a service
equivalent to service in the trenches.
Encourage release of men from indus.
tries not used for production of mu.
nitions, army supplies, ETC., for use
in food production.
Provide for needed labor that may be
available under proper control.
Discourage, during the war, the use of
labor necessary for farm in activi.
ties that can well be postponed.
8. Farm Finance Committee.
Assist members of community to Sc
cure necessary loans.
Assist members of community to make
profitable investments when they
have surplus capital
4. Farm Production Distribution
Committee.
See that local food, feed, and seed
needs are supplied.
Provide for profitable expectation of
surplus food and feeds.
Provide proper transportation facilities
n1I
Insist that all exported food products
be graded and packed according to
the Federal standards.
s. Food, Feed, Seed, and Breeding
Stock Conservation Committee.
Enlist women and girls for canning,
storing, drying, and curing of sur
plus rood products.
Arrange storage space for Irish and
sweet potatoes.
Insist upon conservation of fodder and
roughage for livestock feeding.
Arrange for grain storage.
Trench vegetables for winter use.
Provide ample seed supply for next
season.
Prevent selling off or slaughtering OF
breeding stock.
Economic by supplying seed, feed,
and food to neighbors and local mar
ket before placing products upon
open market.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
STORY TELLING CLUB

On Wednesday afternoon. Mis-
Cora Mae Talley entertained the
Story Telling club. Invited guest
were Miss Justine Moody of JEFF
ferson City and Miss Mary Belle
White of Russellville., Ice cream
and cake were served.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
,HO JTING ,:-RAPE
At LEAS SPRINGS

T. nix Nance a r. i. d. car
rier and merchant was shot and
perhaps fatally wounded at this
place on Tuesday night at nine
o'clock, by A. A. Jones, the for.
mer postmaster and merchant.
He was rushed to a hospital at
Knoxville where his condition
was found to be serious.
Mr.. Nance is a brother of Miss
Mary Nance, the postmistress
at this place.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
DEATH AT WASHBURN

Miss Minnie Nicely, aged %,
died at her home early Friday
morning, June Is. Funeral SER
vices were conducted by l;ev.
Worth Parker, of Corryton. The
body was inferred in Beeler
Cemetery.
The deceased was an estima-
BILE young lady and the news OF
her death was received with sor-
row by her many friends.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
SPENT THE DAY

On Friday, Mrs. George w.
Smither entertained with a spen
the day party. Those enjoying
the hospitality were; M'esdames
|. M. Peck and A. M. Nance and
Misses Dess M. Corum and Will
lie G. Phillips.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21

That's a fair square proposition.
You can't lose. The United States
helped you get what you have, and it
IL both patriotism and good business
on your part to loan the government
some of your money now. Order
United States Liberty Bonds from
your banker or your broker. Do II
today.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21

Miss Mary Belle White of Rus
sellville, is visiting Mr.. and Mrs.
]. M. Grove.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21

J. E. Williams, T. M. Goodwin
and W. B. Talley, county election
commissioners were here Mon
day arranging for the constitu-
tional convention election to be
held July 28th.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
PERSONALS

Miss Annie Ray Phillips spent
the weekend with relatives at
Bowen.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21

Misses Ida Grace Massengill
of Russellville and Agnes Hen
derson of Morristown visited lit
tie Miss Louise Lowe, this week.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21

w. J. Smith and family were
here Sunday, guests of Mr.. and
Mrs. C. M. Smith.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21

Mrs. Charles L. Morgan Of
Molristown, visited relatives
here Saturday to Monday.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21

Mrs. Anna NJ. Bryan returned
Wednesday from Sevierville.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21

T. F. Whitehead of Bean Sta
ton was here on business, Mon
day.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21

Prof. A. V. Combs of Shiloh,
was here on business, Monday.
Rev. DR.. Bittenger will free
his opponents in Rutledge, Sun
day. At the morning service he
will preach on "A Nation Face
To Face with a great Emergen-
cy" Everybody invited.
Miss Emily Phillips of Rog-
ersville was here this week, Wis
iting her cousin, Miss Annie
Ray Phillips.
C. M. Justus of Joppa spent
several days here this week, the
guest of Mr.. and Mrs. A. M.
Nance.
Superintendent III. G.. Farmer
is attending the meeting of coun
tip superintendent at Johnson
City, this week.
Mrs. Anna NJ. Bryan returned
Wednesday from Sevierville.
H. H. Waller was in Norris
town, Tuesday.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21

H. H. Waller was in Morris
town, Tuesday.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21

Mrs. Charles L. Morgan oI
Molristown, visited relatives
here Saturday to Monday.
w. p. Sexton of Knoxville and
w. c. Griffin of Lulaville were
callers at the News office Mon
day.
Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar Moody of
Jefferson City were here Sunday
visiting Mr.. and Mrs. J. M. Grove
S. B. Edgar of Jefferson City,
was here on business, Saturday.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. Macy Condry
are visiting near Idol this week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Rube West of
Morristown were here Saturday
Mr.. and Mrs. Dan West.
Mrs. O. r. Marshall was here
visiting relatives.
Mrs. William Akan of Joppa,
was here Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. M. Nance and
Halmer, were visiting relatives
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
Mrs. William Akan of Joppa,
was here Sunday.

Mr.. and Mrs. A. M. Nance and
Halmer, were visiting relatives
at Leas Springs, Sunday.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21

Prof. A. V. Combs of Shiloh,
was here on business, Monday.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21

S. B. Edgar of Jefferson City,
was here on business, Saturday.
Grainger County news. (Rutledge, Tenn.) 1917-current, 1917-06-21
NOETON.

Rev. T. H. Noe preached an
interesting sermon at Noeton,
Sunday afternoon.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-11-13
Three Kinds Of Forest Fires.

There are three kinds Of forest fires
the surface fire." which merely runs
In the leaves and ground litter; the
ground fire." that covers the under
brush and the dense forests, and the
"crown fire." the most dangerous and
terrifying of all. A crown fire Is usu-
ally caused when the ground or sur
face fire reaches the top Of ridge or
knoll, and the increased draft carries
the blaze up the trunks of the trees
to the tops of the crowns" 1t Is the
crown fires which have made the great
forest fires Of history. Surrounding the
burning area by trench from which
everything down to the mineral soil
has been removed is the only kind Of
fire line which will stop ground fire,
and 1t will often stop surface fire.
For surface fire whipping" or using
brush branches or water soaked sack
ing to whip the burning leaves at the
edge of the fire back into the burned
area is most effective. Sand as we'll as
water Is valuable in fighting this kind
of fire, too. There Is only one way to
fight q crown fire-that Is, by "back-
flring'-fghting fire with fire.