davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-03-05
Over 100000 Spent For
Seats from Which to VieuO

Washington, March Sit is esti-
mated that more than 100000 has
been spent for seats from which to
view the inaugural procession. Pro-
vision has been made for seating 50,-
900 persons along the line of March
in specially constructed grand stands.
Many thousands of others have taken
places in windows, on roofs, in trees,
perched on poles and various other
points of vantage. More than two
million feet of lumber have been used
for the construction of stands which
will be occupied only a few hours.
Seats have been sold to the public
on all the reviewing stands, except
the Presidents stand in front of the
White House and the official stand at
the Capitol on which the inaugural
ceremonies Ike place.
Employees of the various executive
departments have banded together to
erect the stands in front of the vari-
GUS public buildings. in order that
they might have the preference of
buying seats upon them, and the seats
remaining have been snapped up at
general sale at prices ranging from 81
to IS, according to location. Shell
tered windows and balconies of no
tells and private buildings have
brought much, higher prices. Rooms
fronting on Pennsylvania avenue with
windows commanding a view of the
procession have brought as high as
500 each.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-03-05
WILSON, TAKES OATH OF OFFICE AS THE TWENTY EIGHTH PRESIDENT OF THE
Woodrow Wilson Is
18th President of u. S.

Woodrow Wilson is the twenty
eighth president of the United
States, reckoning CleveIand's two
terms as separate ones because he
was the only president serving
twice who was not reelected.
Virginia leads in the nativity of
presidents. Eight of her sons
Washington, jefferson, Madison,
Monroe, William Henry Harrison,
Tyler, Taylor and WiIson-have
held the highest office in the gift
of the nation.
Ohio has given six native SONS to
the presidency. They were Grant,
Hayes, Garfield, Benjamin Harri-
son, Mckinley and Taft.
OF all the vocations i'm life the
law has furnished most presidents.
Nineteen chief executives of the
United States were lawyers at lIle
time they were elected. Three are
diers, two as farmers, one as n
public official.
Seventeen presidents have been
college men; one was graduated
from West Point, nine had no col
Iegiate education.
English paternal ancestry has
prcdominated among all the
presidents. Fifteen were of Eng
lish extraction. Six were Scotch
Irish, three were Scotch, two were
Dutch, one was Welsh.
The youngest president, ut the
time of inauguration, was ROose-
welt, who was 10. The oldest was
William Henry Harrison, who was
68.
OF all the presidents, John
Adams lived to the Oldest age. He
was 80 when he died.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-03-05
U. S. Not Without Head.
As Many Supposed Because
of Historic Precedent
BY Associated Press

Washington, March 5.-Historic
precedent written by Chief Justice
Marshall in 1921 guides the inaugura-
ton of President, Wilson to-day, and
holds that even though March 4 has
fallen on q Sunday, there has been no
interval during which the United
States has been without a president,
as many have believed.
1t also disposes of the popular no.
ton that the Secretary of State has
been president for a day in this in
terval.
Chief Justice Marshalrs ruling was
made in a letter to John Quincy
Adams, then Secretary of State and
who later became president, who
asked for his advice.
Under date of February 20, 1921,
Chief Justice Marshall wrote:
81 have conversed with my breth-
rem on the subject you suggested
when | had the pleasure of seeing
you, and will take the liberty to COM
municate the result.
'As the Constitution only provides
that the President shall take the
oath 1T prescribes before he enter on
the execution of his office and as the
law is silent on the subject, the time
seems to be in some measure at the
discretion of that high officer. There
is an obvious propriety in taking the
oath as soon as it can conveniently be
taken, and thereby shortening the in
terval in which the executive power
is suspended. But some interval is
inevitable. The time of the actual
president will expire, and that. of the
presedent-elect commence at 12 in
the night of the third of March. 1t
has been usual to take the oath at
midday on the fourth. Thus there
has been uniformly and voluntarily
an interval Of twelve hours during
which the executive power could not
be exercised. This interval may be
unavoidably prolonged. Circu :
stances may prevent the declaration
of the person who is chosen until it
shall be too late to communicate the
intelligence of his election until after
the fourth of March. This occurred
at the first eelction.
Undoubtedly on any pressing
emergency the President might take
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-03-05
WILSON ENTERS
SECOND TERM
HALE AND FIT

avoids all social functions whenever
possible.
AS a breaker of precedents Mr.. Will
son set official Washington agasp even
before he came into office by announce
ing that he did not desire the usual
inaugural ball. He followed that by
declining membership in some So
called exclusive clubs which always
had claimed the membership of Presi-
dents.
One of his first acts was to greatly
decrease the number of army and
navy officers assigned to the White
House as aids, until less than q half
dozen remained. MrS Wilson abolished
the motorcycle guard which used to
surround the Presidents car when he
wished to go about just as any other
citizen.
ReVives Customs
When he began the custom of de-
liVering his addresses to Congress in
person, he revived a custom which
had died with Washington and Adams
No President since Jefferson had ad-
dressed the Congress personally and
no other President since Madison had
addressed the Senate separately on
foreign affairs as President Wilson
did on his celebrated peace note. His
fondness for directneSs of action has
led to the shattering of many other
precedents.
Oftentimes, when he wants to con-
fer with a Cabinet officer quickly he
walks to the office. He goes to the
bank in person to deposit his salary,
and when he needs goes shopping like
anyone else. If he wishes to confer
with a Senator, and the Senator is
spending quiet evening at home, the
President goes to the Senator's house.
Precedent always has decreed that the
Senator must come at the call of the
President.
Mr.. Wilson uses the telephone very
much on the theory that it shortens
conversations and keeps the parties
to the subject intended.
Never has the President relaxed
any of the customs which make for
respect and honor for the high office
but he has shattered many precedents
in the interest of direct action
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-03-05
Br AsSocinted Prcss

BY ASSOCIATED Press
Washington, March 5.-The red,
white and blue displaced all other
colors in the scheme of decorations
for President Wilson's inaugural. The
green and white and the mixture OF
gay colors of other years were entire
tional colors.
From every stand they fiuttered,
from every public building. The
folds of the flag rippled from the
crowded stands along the line of
march as if in answer to the salute of
the same colors borne by the march
ers. The flag swung or dropped from
balcony, window and housetop. 1t
fluttered in the hands of cheering
spectators. 1t hung suspended in
stately dignity at thousands of homes.
on the line of march and off the line
of march, everywhere, the city dis
played the flag.
The Court of Honor at the White
House. where the President reviewed
the marching army of celebration,
was smothered in the tri-color 1t was
the decoration, the only one in Presi-
dent Wilson's inaugural.
In choosing the flag as the only
decoration, the committee is under
stood to have had in mind the inter
national situation as well as the
Presidents wish for dignity and SIM
plicity in any color scheme which
might have been considered.
Court of Honor
AS in previous years the Court of
Honor extended two blocks on Penn
sylvania avenue, from Fifteenth
street to Seventeenth. directly in
front of the White House and be-
tween the Treasury and the State,
War and Navy Buildings. The Presi-
dents stand, seating about $500 per-
sons, was on the south side of the
avenue. while opposite, the length of
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-03-05
RED, WHITE AND
BLUE DISPLACEALL
IN DECORATIONS

Lafayette Square, was reviewing
stand for others.
The Court itself was a colonnade
outside the curb on each side of the
avenue for the length of two blocks.
AT intervals of sixty feet the columns
were relieved by pylons, decorated
with evergreens and surmounted with
American flags, the whole composition
being tied together with festoons of
eYergreens. At each end of the court
the pylons were elaborated and top
ped by tripods.
Arches of imposing proportions
gave passageway for vehicles and
formed termination for reviewing
stands. The center of each stand was
marked by a pediment.
President Wilson's stand, marked
by the seal of the United States in
color. followed the lines of the por-
tico at the front of the White House
with its fluted columns, and was
much more elaborate than any other.
Each great white column of tho
colonnade was surmounted by an en-
tablature, above which projected n
staff with the flag flying In the CEN
teT of the columns were small cedar
trees and connecting the columns and
pylons were double festoons of ever
greens and single loops of electric
lights.
AS in the last Inauguration the
Court of Honor was designed to pre-
serve the severe lines of the portico
of Monticello, home of Thomas JEFF
ferson. Within the Presidents stand
was built the glass enclosure for the
President, officials and guests. At
points along Pennsylvania avenue, tho
decorative features were heightened
by courts of state consisting of
somewhat smaller columns and py-
Ions connected with festoons of ever.
greens. Tonight these courts will be
illuminated by festoons of electric
lights.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-03-05

dents Inauguration in 1913 and that
was the first time since 1877 that such
an event had not been the climax of
the ceremonies of the day. In 1877
the Hayes-Tilden controversy upset
all inauguration plans. The final
vote of the tribunal which seated
President Hayes was not announced
until March 8, and there was no op-
portunity for arranging ball.
All other presidents since Lincoln
have recognized the function, which
generally has been held in the
spacious corridor of the Pension Of
fee. Trades people of the Capitol
who contribute largely to the fund
raised for those parts of the in
augural ceremonies not strictly con-
nected with the government always
look forward to the inaugural ball as
one means of recouping their invest
ments. In bygone years the expeudi-
lures for gowns apd jewels have left
many thousands Of dollars with the
shops, and the merchants have been
unfiagging in their campaign to in
huence the President to have the ball.
But Mr.. Wilson dislikes social func-
tions of the kind and has been stead
fast in his determination that no such
affair should accompany his inaugu-
ration.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-03-05

by .1SSOCldtcd ffgSS
Washington, March 5.-The in
augural parade today was more than
a mere procession as part of the cere-
monies; it was a patriotic demonstra-
ton.
AS the marching host of some 3O,-
900 tramped from tire Capitol to the
White House before thousands of
Americans the martial music and un-
mistakable note of national patriot
ism recalled to many the days OF
more than fifty years ago when the
Federal armies marched in review
over the same route.
The nations fighting men, men who
have fought the nations wars and
men who will be called upon to fight
them in the future-all were repre-
sented in the long line. Resplendent
in gold and blue and grey, they
marched in review before the Presi-
dent. Army, navy, National Guard,
cavalry, infantry, sailors, soldiers,
marines, veterans of the Civil War,
Boy Scouts and Red Cross workers
all branches, past present and pros
pective,. of military service and many
thousands of citizens were represent
ed in the line.
Pennsylvania avenue was massed
with people on each side of the
marching column. Great reviewing
stands had been placed at every van
tage point along the line. Windows
nT "a
thousands more had places in bal
comics and on the housetops. Between
these walls of humanity, marched the
army of Inauguration, to the confused
mixture of many noises-bugles blow
ing, bands playing, the rumble of ar
tillery. the clatter of horses hoofs
and the steady tramp of marchers
The procession moved at the close
of the inaugural ceremonies at the
Capitol, swinging into line behind
President Wilson and Vice President
Marshall as they returned to the
White House, and took their places to
review the column
Maj. Gen. Scott in Van
The chief officers and divisions of
the parade were as follows
Grand Marshal-Maj. Gen. Hugh l..
Scott.
First Grand Division - Soldiers.
sailors and marines of the regular
service under command of Maj. Gen.
Tasker II. Bliss.
Second Grand Division-National
Guardsmen and cadet schools under
command of Brig. Gen. William A.
Mann.
Third Grand Division-Veteran of
the Grand Army of the Republic,
United Spanish War Veterans, Army
and Navy Union and patriotic socie-
ties under Department Commander
A. ]. Huntoon.
Fourth Grand Division-Civic and
mand of George r. Linkins
President Wilson was escorted by
troops of the Second Cavalry from
Fort Myer. Immediately after the
President and his escort came Vice
President Marshall escorted by the
Black Horse Troop of Culver Military
Academy. Then came the inaugural
committees. The West Point cadets
had the next place in line. Long,
straight lines of srey. they marched.
these future office,s of the American
army, eyes front, heads high, plumes
aflutter, flags ripping. Then fol-
lowed the Annapolis midshipmen.
Detachments from the regular
army-few. because most of the reg
ulars are on the Mexican border
sailors from battleships, marines and
coast artillerymen and a brigade of
500 apprentice seamen from the New
port, r. l.. training station completed
the first division.
Then marched the second division,
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-03-05

When the President, takes the inI
augural oath, the Chief Justice, Bible
in hand, steps forward; the man who
is about to taffe Office stands beside
him with raised hand. Slowly and
solemnly the Chief Justice repeats the
oath prescribed by the Constitution.
When that was concluded the Senate
returned to its chamber. and the Presi-
dent returned to the White House at
the head of the inaugural procession
Mrs. Wilson, following precedent set
by Mrs. Taft, rode with her husband
after having created a precedent her
self by riding to the capitol with him
earlier in the day
AS the President led the procession
up Pennsylvania avenue and the units
o fthe inaugural parade, civic and
military, swung In behind him, new
demonstration began which continued
until the procession halted in front of
the White House. There the President
and his party took places In the Off
cial stand to vie wthe remainder oh
the column.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-03-05

the oath in the first hour of the
fourth of March; but it has never
been thought necessary so to do, and
he has always named such hour us he
deemed most convenient. If any cir
cumstances should render it unfit to
take the oath on the fourth of March,
and the public business would sustain
no injury by it's being deferred till the
fifth no impropriety is perceived in
deferring it till the fifth. Whether
the fact that the fourth of March
comes this year on Sunday be such a
circumstance may perhaps depend
very much on public opinion and
feeling. OF this, from our retired
habits, there are few perhaps less ca
pable of forming a correct opinion
than ourselves. Might we hazard a
conjecture, it would rather be in
favor of postponing the oath till Mon
day unless some official duty should
require its being taken on Sunday.
But others who mix more in society
than we do, can give conjectures on
this subject much more to be confided
in than ours.
with very great respect,
Il have the honor to be
your obedient servant,
u. Marshall"
This ruling, of course, does not con-
flict with the law of presidential sue
cession which provides that in the
event of the death or disability of
both the President and Vice Presi-
dent the Secretary of State or other
members of cabinet in order of prece-
dence shall serve until Congress elects
n
The review. [volume] (High Point, N.C.) 1908-19??, 1917-05-31
90 Man Without
/ 9 A Country q
So Eduord Everett Hale

and poker were still unknown. But
one day Nolan had his revenge. This
time Burr came down the river, not as
an attorney seeking a place for his
Office, but as q disguised cOnQueror.
He had defeated know not how many
district attorneys; he had dined at ]
know not how many public dinners; he
had been heralded in know not how
many Weekly Arguses; and it was ru-
mored that he had an army behind him
and an empire before him. 1t was a
great day-his arrival-to poor Nolan.
Burr had not been at the fort an hour
before he sent for him. That evening
he asked Nolan to take him out in his
Skiff, to show him q cane-brake or q
cottonwood tree, as he said, really to
seduce him; and by the time the sail
was over, Nolan was enlisted body and
soul. From that time, though he did
not yet know it, he lived as "a Man
without a Country"
What Burr meant to do know no
more than you, dear reader. 1t Is none
of our business just now. Only, when
the grand catastrophe came, and JEFF
ferSOn and the House of Virginia of
that day undertook to break on the
wheel all the possible Clarences of the
then House of York, by the great
treason trial at Richmond, some of the
lesser fry in that distant Mississippi
valley, which was farther from us than
Puget Sound is today, introduced the
like novelty on their provincial stage,
and, to while away the mOnotony Of
the summer at Fort Adams, got up, for
spectacles, q string of cOurt-martials
on the officers there. One and anOth-
er of the colonies and majors were
tried, and, to fill out the list, little No
Ian, against whom, heaven knows,
there was evidence enough, that he
was sick of the service, had been will
ing to be false to it, and would have
obeyed any order to march anywhither
with anyone who would follow him,
had the order only been signed, "By
command of His Exc. A. Burr" The
courts dragged on. The big flies es-
capped, rightly for all know. Nolan
was proved guilty enough, as say;
yet you and would never have heard
of him, reader, but that, when the
president of the court asked him at the
The review. [volume] (High Point, N.C.) 1908-19??, 1917-05-31

close, whether he wished to say any
thing to show that he had always been
faithful to the United States, he cried
out, in a fit Of frenzy:
Oh the United Statesl wish
I may never hear Of the United States
again!"
I suppose he did not know how the
words shocked old Colonel Morgan,
who was holding the court. Half the
officers who sat in it had served
through the Revolution, and their
lives, not to say their necks, had been
risked for the very idea which he so
cavalierly cursed in his madness. He,
ON his part, had grown up in the West
of those days, in the midst Of Spanish
plot" "Orleans plot" and all the rest
His education, such as it was, had
been perfected in commercial expedi-
lions to Vera Cruz, and think he told
me his father once hired an English
man to be private tutor for winter
| on the plantation. He had spent half
his youth with an older brother, hunt
ing horses in Texas; and, in a word, to
him united States" was scarcely a
reality. Yet he had been fed by "Unit-
ed States" for all the years since he
had been in the army. He had sworn
on his faith as Christian to be true to
Omitted States" 1t was Omitted
States" which gave him the uniform he
wore, and the sword by his side. Nay,
my poor Nolan, it was only because
Omitted States" had picked you out
| first as one of her own confidential
men Of honor, that ga. Burr cared
| for you straw more than for the flat
boat men who sailed his ark for him:
I do not excuse Nolan; only explain
to the reader why he damned his coun-
try, and wished he might never hear
her name again.
He never did hear her name but once
again. From that moment, Septem-
lher %, 1907, till the day he died, May
The review. [volume] (High Point, N.C.) 1908-19??, 1917-05-31
Whales.

Whales are able to attain such an
enormous size because their bodies are
supported by the water in which they
live. A bird is limited to the weight
which it's wings can bear up in the air.
A land animal, If it becomes too large,
cannot hold it's body of the ground
or readily move about, and is doomed
to certain destruction. But a whale
has to face none Of these problems
and can grow without restraint.
Because whales live in a supporting
medium their young are Of enormous
size at birth, in some instances the calf
being almost half the length Of it's
mother. I once took a 25-foot baby
which weighed about eight tons from
an 85-foot blue Misunderstanding.
The review. [volume] (High Point, N.C.) 1908-19??, 1917-05-31
HOW BIG ARMIES WERE CREATED By GREAT . ::::

within the first year q,
Oxford university O. Mucgsf the
over 1890, three Of the st the tONded
ern universities o. T. nlnk north
and the Inns of Court O. .ng K -OOO
$500. 1t was found necesouSS over
temporary commissions evoH :, ~ give
sity graduates and the senior h unlVer
public schools. Practically all puU ys ID
the public schools applied for oapu OF
sions as soon as they reached thn
limit. Excellent material for -, ase
officers was found among tho I "a
men who had gone to the COLONY sUuus
foreign countries to take IN rs
adventure. No young men made he. %
officers than these, for all had te,
some risks; they had been on thair a
responsibility, and generally had WI U"a
under them and experienced donaD sp
by flood. and field. The supply ~ os
GERS for a technical corps proved Ou
prisingly adequate, the war Office ~
lecting according to the recommonss
tons Of the heads of the corroOnaUa
ing civil professions. In additior
these the war Office has ohtairod
large staff of specialists for work wis
the troops, e. g., bacteriologists orh
thalmologists, aurists, radiologists d.,
matologists, experts in tropical ~.
eases, etc.
For all practical purposes, most \,
the infantry subalterns of the new q"
mics had to train themselves DURING III,
first five months of the war as ho.t
they could in the intervals of trainin"
their men. If the officers were M
trained, the nOncommiSsioned ofRcor,
Of the new armies were in the moin
even less trained. This presented
marked contrast to the really good sor.
geant of the old school with his min.
gled humor and severity, putting
squad Of recruits through their pac0s
the type of Kipling's Private Mulvsnev
There was some compensation for thi,
however the fact that the necessity of
doing the nOncommissioned officers ih
as well as their own gave the Officers
greater proficiency and better under
standing of their men.
An experienced British general writ.
ing on the training Of some of these
new divisions, said that a mass Of
civilians had been transformed in less
than eight months into an army which
had more practical training for war
than it had ever been possible to give
to troops in England before. There was
he added, feeling Of confidence in all
ranks, due partly to the organizing
power Of a short-handed staff, but
chiefly to the keenness of all ranks to
make themselves fit for the front The
experiences here recorded are highly
suggestive of our own experiences and \
they indicate the methods we shall
have to follow in creating armies to
meet our regular requirements.