The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1917-03-02
THE FRUIT EVE ate
Modern Research Seems to Place
II as the Cassia.
HOW THE APPLE GOT BLAMED
Some Translator Used the Latin Word
"Pomum," Which Means Either
"Fruit" or apple" Instead Of "Frue-
tunn," Meaning Simply "Fruit."

"Fruit" or apple" Instead of "Fruc-
tum," Meaning Simply "Fruit.'
A correspondent asks how the apple
cnme TO be named as the fruit OF the
temptation in the garden of Eden
when the original Hebrew text and all
Of the translations speak only OF the
fruit of the tree of the knowledge of
good and evil. Ii seemed that none of
the Biblical authorities had offered
any answer so far as he was able TO
learn.
There is an answer, however, and
that a very simple one, which will
probably satisfy this inquirer and many
others who might ask the same Ques-
ton.
1t Is true that In the Hebrew the
words are "etz peri" the fruit of the
tree. and the Greek and Latin versions
so translate them. The Nulgate uses
the word "fructum" for fruit, and this
could not in any way be mistaken for
the specific fruit apple. 1t is further
admitted by scholars who hold that
the paradise of the Bible. which is also
described upon clay tablets Of Baby
ionian literature. was located near the
Euphrates and the Tigris, or In a trop-
ical country, where no apples could
possibly grow, 50 that the fruit of this
tree could not have been an apple.
In tablet lately translated, which
originated In Nippur and is now in the
museum AZ the University of PCnnsyl-
vania in Philadelphia, the fruit is de-
scribed as the fruit Of the casSia plant,
according TO DR. Landon. This is pos
sible, for that plant is well known in
the region.
But the question of how the apple
came into the story is still unanswered,
end no tablet will answer it. for none
could mention q fruit unknown to
the BabylOnians, not growing in their
country.
- We have 20 go far ufield to ascertain
the origin of the error. for the use of
the word apple is an error. 1t came
about from the confusion of two words
in the Latin. "Eructum" means fruit,
and so does "pomum." But ''pOlnum"
nlso means apple. and some ancient
scholar filed with Latin words wrote
"pomum' instead Of "frrctum" la
translating this passage, and 1t was
interpreted as specihc-namely, apple
instead Of general-that is, fruit.
There is, however, another reason
for this confusion, and the persistence
of the IDEA is shown in many of the
paintings by the old masters, who
sometimes depict tree laden with
apples from which Eve has just picked
one and is handing i. TO Adam.
The apple plays great part in the
mythology of the Greeks and Romans.
where we find the apples of HesperideS
and the golden apple offered to the
most beautiful of the Goddcsses, which
started all that famous trouble for
Paris, ending in the siege and destruc.
fion of Troy.
The confusion of ideas probably
arose from the association Of the ap-
pie with critical turns in the affairs or
men and suggested at least the spe-
rifc Interpretation or translation OF
"fructum" or "pomum' by apple"
The fact is that, SO far as the Bible
itself goes, no specific fruit Is men
toned. and 1t is spoken Of only as the
tree of the knowledge of good and evil,
But there is another fruit tree men
toned, and this is the fig tree, for in
Genesis iii, Z, 1t is said, And they
sewed fig leaves together and made
themselves aprons" Possibly on this
account it is "a Hebrew tradition that
Eve ate Of the fig tree. but that has
never been introduced into Bihlca!
text.
The fig tree plays very important
part in the myths Of many ancient ma
lions. In legend the holy family rest
cd under fig tree on their journey
20 Egypt The fruitless llg tree or
Jesus is one of the important elements
In that parable.
The FiruS rcliCiOsa, or religious tg
tree Of India, is sacred, and none is al
lowed 10 fell it. IL Is consulted as an
oracle, and II Is believed that when
Brahma assumed human form bios
som OF the tig tree was dropped from
heaven to tempt him.
The lOCa on the tree OF the KNOWLEDGE
OF good and evil. or wisdom tree. as
It las been called, has been termed Il
moon myth by some scholars. Accord.
ing TO the Scandinavian mythology, the
great ash tree Ygdrasil runs down TO
the well of wisdom aud knowledge. On
this wisdom tree, the pillar of the new
moon. old Odin, chief god OF the Scan.
dinavians hung head downward 10 ex-
tract the words of wisdom.
In India the DO tree of knowledge was
the shelter Of Buddha for twenty-eight
days 1.-THE length of the lunar MONTH
until he received his illumination OF
wisdom.
II is therefore plain that the tree OF
knowledge Of good and evil has many
parallels In the faiths OF all ancient
nations and that II was an error ever
20 think that II could have been an ap-
pie tree or that the fruit of the tempta-
tiOn was an apple.-New York Sun.