davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25

J Collier. of New York, lent his Wright
biplane of the old B type to the govern
ment for maneuvres on the border. Phil
Parmalee was sent along to instruct
Foulois in handling the new machine.
They made successful flight from Laredo
20 Eagle Pass, but on the return flight to
Laredo they had engine trouble and
dropped into four feet of Rio Grande
mud and water on the Mexican side,
whence they had to be pulled out by Mex
lean lasso and a Mexican mustang.
Foulois is the man who commanded the
eight American airplanes that invaded
Mexico with General Funston's army IN
pursuit of Villa last year. He is prob
ably the oldest fier in poirt of service in
any army in the world. His first flight
antedates that of any army aviator now
flying in Europe.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25

mics Indictment to the violation of the draft
law or intended to cause INSTRUMENTATION,
disloyaIty. mutiny or refusal Of duty in the
military or naval forces Of the United States,
or which is intended TO obstruct the re-
cruting or enlistment service OF the ohi'ed
States
"'The Masses will, however, maintain its
right to crticise the government ard any
members Of it, in their domestic poiicies'
and in their conduct Of the war, so far as
such criticism does not give aid to the
enemy" ~
Mr. Eastman was born in 1888 at Can
andaigua, n. Y. Following his gradua-
ton from Williams College, in 1905, he
took a postgraduate course at Columbia,
at which university he later became pro-
fessor of philosophy. Since 1911 he has
written and lectured in the interest OF
world peace, suffrage, new thought and
"internationalism." He organized the first
Mems League for Woman Suffrage IN the
limited States in 1911, and in the same
wear he organized the Masses Publishing
Company, of which he became president.
Two years ago, speaking at peace
meeting in Cooper Union, Mr.. Eastman
was quoted as saying:
az don't see any sense in patriotism i
regard the United States as an ABSTRACT
group. which is important just as far as 1t
helps along the people of the world toward
liberty and life, and both academical and alb
surd the moment it stops helping"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25
How Rodin Earned His
Bread and Cheese

TN "Rodin: The Man and HIS worn,
Judith Cladel tells how, in ordef "
- live. the famous sculptor, then In.
known, applied himself to the most var''-
occupations:
ale clipped at stone and marble Tor "a.
benefit of sculpture then in vogue; ne M.
sketches for trinkets for certain fashioh"'',,
jewellers, and fashioned certain osJeeS
decorative art ordered Of him by msnuise','
ers. Despite a considerable loss OF tme' '.
obtained thus true apprenticeship ~ -
wholly like that which in earlier days was ~
tanned by Ghiberti, Donatello and most % w
great artists OF the Renaissance, VINO w.
proud TO be good artisans before they ~
accounted great sculptors. Thus hhal! "a
was enabled to realize his first dream =,
haye an atelier OF his own. His ateiier'
was a stable. at n rental Of s24 year. IN Wv
Rue I.ebrun, in the quarter Of the oooe'a''
near which he was born. II was a cold move
cave. indeed-with a well sunk in an ans. "a. y.
the ono wall that at every season exhsie" -"
chilling breath. IL did not matter. Inc pr.
was sufficiently large and well lighted. nv.
he accumulated a quantity OF studies -
works until the place was 80 crowded nv.
could scarcely turn himself about, but oe,"s
too poor to have them cast he lost tho eIssSs
part Of them. Sometimes the clay, thlou.
being too soft, would settle and fall ssa"e.'}
sometimes il would become dry efseA
crumbie."
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25
Nicholas of Montenegro

II ING NICHOLAS of Montenegro be-
N fore all things is an ardent patriot.
"My country" he once said, lis wilder
ness of stones; it is arid; it is poor; but
I adore it! And if were offered the
whole of the Balkan Peninsula in ex-
change, why, would not say one word!
Ruler of Montenegro since 1860, ne has
lived as simple life as any of his SUBJ
iects. He was born at Njegus, the an
cestral home of his race, on September
%. 1S41. Before he had completed his
year the sudden death Of his
uncle placed him upon the throne OF
Montenegro. He had studied in Paris, but
the atmosphere of the French capital was
less congenial to him than that OF his
own mountain home. During the course
CT his long and varied life King Nicholas
has found time to publish two tragedies,
in addition to a volume Of Serb poetry
Dundee Advertiser.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25
me Of the News Has Centred About These Figure

University Mr.. Piez worked his way n,
through the intricacies of the engineerins
business until he became head of the Linz
Belt Engine Company of Philadelphia
Later he went to Chicago, heading a mers.
or called the Link Belt Company, Com.
posed of the Philadelphia company, the
Link Belt Machine Company Of Chicago and
an Indianapolis company. This organic.
ton is now the biggest manufacturer Of
conveying and mining machinery in the
country.
On the labor side, in addition to han.
ding large numbers of employees, Mr..
piez personally conducted the fight which
resulted in the passage by the Illinois
Legislature of the first workmen's com.
pensation law and his own recognized
popularity in organized labor circles.
He went to Washington to be chair.
man of the production committee Of the
Shipping Board. 1t was his report, after
q trip to the various shipyards, which
convinced the board that the shipbuilding
programme was not progressing satisfae.
torily and led to his selection to speed
up the tagging work.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25

"An interesting incident occurred at one
Of the chain grocery stores in the city yes
terday. The supply of sugar was just run
ming out and the last allotments, each Of two
pounds, went to three little girls who had
come into the store together. They went out
together also, and were Jdst about to cross
the street when the bag that one of them
vas carrying suddenly burst, spilling its con
tents into the mud Of the gutter. The pre-
clous sugar was gone hey ond recovery, and
the grief of the little girl knew no bounds
Whatever shall | do?" she cried. "We
haven't single bit at home, and can't buy
any more." For a moment her companions
looked as helpless as she did. But only for
moment. One of them at any rate was
equal to the occasion. 81 know" she cried
and darting back into the store, she emerged
II second later with fresh paper bag, and
sitting promptly down on the curbing, pro-
oeeded to unite her own package and pour
good third Of its contents into tho new bag
I hen she looked at the other little girl whose
sugar was still intact. Whether ii was the
ioble example or only shame at the thought
OF not complying anyhow, the second child
took the hint and followed suit. Not the least
interesting part Of the whole affair was the
serupulous care with which the prime mover
Of the scheme saw that the contents OF ths
three bags were made exactly even. The OBJ
,ous relief of the little girl whose sugar
had been spilled seemed TO be mixed with
doubt rs to whether she ought to accept the
gift from her companions But what will
you do she began, "if :" "Oh," re-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25
"The Little Grandmother of the Russian Revolution

given some crisp delicacy, fresh from the oven,
she would Immediately present it to one OF
the servants. II she got new toy, she
passed it on to some peasant child before the
day was out. Often she came home without
her cloak or without her dress, having given
it away to some shivering. half-clad creature
Rebuked by her mother she answered
Mamma, you read to us from the Gospel
that if any one mas two garments he should
give one to the poor. Why are you angry II
| did what you read to US?
"She was more interested in people than in
anything else. When the family made jour-
neys in their coach she often caught sight
of Jews, and she was moved to great curiosity
by their singularitics. She looked with awe
upon these people who spoke strange Ian
guage, wore outlsndish clothes and ate food
prepared according to peculiar rules.
"Once she saw group Of men with shaver
heads and bare feet, laden with heavy chains,
driven along the street, under guard. She
was much impressed by the sorrowful sight,
and asked her mother who they were.
"'They are unfortunate people, lost people,
who have taken the wrong path in life her
mother answered But the response did not
dspel the mystery. She was constantly ask
ing questions to which she got no answer.
"Her chief concern, however, was for the
great class of peasants. Her dream was to
help them and make them happy. She mag
ined herself the mistress Of vast estate,
where all the unfortunate serfs in the world
might live, wearing beautiful clothes, having
plenty to eat and passing their days free
from care.
"She had heard Of America and how Column
bus and his companions went there in search
Ct gold, and found treasure in abundance; and
she planned to go to California, and there
heap up fortunes to bring back with her Tor
the serfs. She would buy vast tracts OF iand
there they were, in the clouds, mostly Isl.
ands-and there the peasants could 1--we ana
cultivate the fertile soil. As she gazed into
the many-coored clouds she saw the very
world that she hoped to create
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25
Americas Youngest Brig
adler General
n RIGADIER GENERAL BENJAMIN

DRIGADIER GENERAL BENJAMIN
ID d. Foulois, head OF the air fleet, is the
youngest officer of his rank in the United
States army He is thirty-six years Old, a
native of Connecticut, and rose in the army
from the ranks, in which he enlisted TWEEN
ty years ago. AS private he saw service
in the Philippines with the 10Th Infantry
A student of aviation since 1909, Cen
eral Foulois was the second United States
army officer to fly in a heavier than AR
machine. Because of his light weight ne
was selected by Orville Wright as his
passenger in the first army test flights
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25
At the Labor Con.
vention

TERE, in nutshell, and chronology.
cally tabulated, are the important
- - developments of the labor conyen.
ton at Buffalo, covering sessions up to
Thursday:
Nov. 12-President Wilson appeals To the
workingmen of the United States, asking for
cooperation in the conduct of the war against
Germany.
Nov. 13-The first response 70 the Presi'
dents speech was an order calling on al
strikes on construction in which the govern
ment may be interested, directly or other
wise.
Nov. 14-Union labor discipline was
threatened. There was an inclination OF
local unions to disobey instructions from inc
heads of their organizations and to repu'
diate agreements.
Nov. 15-Issue of temporary union cards "
all new workers who may be required IN war
work as the solution Of the closed shop quss'
ticn was considered.
Nov. Charges that the Brotherhood |"
Railroad Trainmen is guilty of strike'oreaf
ing, the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineer
guilty Of trying to deprive members OF oths'
unions of work, and the big Four" brother,
hoods generally of discrimination, were hlea
iy J. W. Comfy, representing the Iowa req
Grafton Of Labor.
Nov l7-Labor will play bigger role IN
politics, it was decided, and the date OF con-
vention was changed to June hereafter.
Nov. 1q--By vote Of 2l,57s to 4o2' 'ns
delegates Endorsed the action OF Samve'
Gompers. in organizing the American an.
ance for Labor and Democracy 70 eomoa'
pro- Germansm and pacifism within the ran''
of organized labor. =,
Nov. 20-Labor indorses every war act Oh
Samuel Gompers. 49,.
Nov. 2i--In reply to the report thar ,ne
next Congress will be asked TO pass legisls,
ton permitting the importation OF ooO'oUv
coolie laborers for the farms, Samuel oom.
pers, president of the American Federa''0n
II Labor, said that he would oppose any
"Chinaizing."
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25
Strikes and Notes
on Labor

TIME telephone workers at Fort
Smith, Ark, are out for seven
weeks now and it is feared that the
strike will spread to Little Rock and Pine
Bluff.
Carpenters are out at Newport News.
The oil men on the Pacific Coast are
demanding a raise.
One thousand five hundred smelter men
are involved in strike in Victoria, B. c.
Ten thousand men in the building trades
at Newark, N. j., in shipping construction
are out on strike.
Efforts of a small minority of workers
to throw Salt Lake City into darkness and
paralyze industry were prevented through
mediation of managers for the lighting
concern with the union men.
More men will strike at WATERFOWL,
Mass, if the non-union plumbers and cleo
trical workers employed on government
WORK III CndIBe VI cIoAe q WcpeIci az
the arsenal are not eliminated.
The Board of Aldermen in New York
City passed resolution recommending an
increase to SO day for all laborers in the
city's employ now receiving less than that
amount.
The tanning industry is now being con-
fronted by shortage of labor which prom
Uses to be serious by the time the next
draft is made.
The government is seeking 5000 stenog
raphers, at salaries of 1000 TO 81 200 a
year, with chances Of promotion.
Acting upon the request of the Waist
and Dress Manufacturers Association in
this city, the Ladies Garment Cutters
Union agreed to postpone the conference
between them and the union on the wage
increase requested by the waist and dress
cutters. The union asked that the con-
ference take place November Is, while the
manufacturers asked that November 26
be set aside, which was agreed.
According to statistics just completed by
'tlt brFdt htriL VI SdOpAb NhCit hoN DCOh
reported TO the government since April 8,
1917, when a state Of war with Germany
was declared, no less than 500 strikes and
other industrial disturbances" The sta
tistics cover period Of almost exactly six
months and show that 1,029,671 working
men we're affected. In the same period in
1918 only l44 strikes occurred. The gov
eminent shows that 100 Of the strikes are
still In force.
IL Is reported that startling new evi-
dsnee In the preparedness day bomb dis
astsr Is now being put In shape for presen.
tstiop TO Secretary Of Labor Wilson and
his associate commissioners, studying
labor conditions In San Francisco. Thi,
may result, 1t Is raid, in the Presidents
demanding the pardon Of Mooney and Bill
ings, now under sentence Of death and
HE imprisonment. respectively, and tn,
dismissal Of the indictments against tn.
other bomb defendants.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25
The Man Who Wants to
Regulate Charity Enter
tainmentS

THE expose Of the finances of the recent
Il Army and Navy Bazaar, of whose IN
come of ST., ATS only s754 is left, after de-
quoting expenses, for the purchase of com
fort kits, is the final straw that moved
Frank Bowling, president of the Board OF
Aldermen, to introduce proposed ordi-
nance that would place all charitable en-
tertainments, except those by religious or
fraternal organizations duly Incorporated,
under strict regulation by the Department
of Licenses.
Mr.. Bowling is Tammany's successful
candidate for the presidency OF the
Borough of Manhattan, to succeed Marcus
NJ. Marks. Born in Manhattan forty
seven years ago. he studied law at the
College of the City of New York. His
political career began in 1893, when he
was elected to the Assembly. Two years
later he was Tammany leader of the
Twenty-fourth Assembly District, and in
1899 was offered the labor nomination for
City Court justice, but declined.
In 1900 Mr.. Bowling was elected to the
State Senate from the Nineteenth District,
and two years later was reelected. AS
Assemblyman and Alderman he has heen
regarded as the spokesman for Charles
F. Murphy. He has been generally recog-
nized as a representative Of organized
labor. He is a member of the Bar Asso.
citation and the State Bar Association.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25

the sum- they could not go to bed till late at
night, for they had to pass all their time at
work in the fields, The meadows, the woods,
the granaries, the stables the parks, the
PASTURES. They worked everywhere and al
ways. They were scolded, they were whipped,
they were exiled to Siberia, at the whim of
their master, for the least fault.
az had wide opportunity to observe the life
of the peasantry, for they came in groups to
discuss every event relating to their COM
munal life with my father, and during such
hours | was always at his side, that | might
hear what the peasants had to say. There
we're questions about the fields, the pastures,
the woods, the building of cabins, the taxes
they must pay, the roads to be built, the
marshes to be drained Then there were
questions about recruiting; for in those days
it was only the peasants who gave their sons
TO the Russian army. Child as | was. could
not understand why these honest folk should
bear the entire burden Of work and of taxes.
| saw that my father, good though he was,
put much more heart into looking after his
own interests than the interests OF his serfs,
and | was shocked al the inequality between
the rich and the poor.
"'From the age of eight, how to find justice
was the question that troubled me-
"Yet the Verigos treated their serfs with
much more consideration than most Russian
land owners. Her father never had a serf
logged. Their serfs appreciated the differ
tnce and constantly boasted of it. We belong
to the Vergos' they would say with pride.
When Katya, in conversation with the neigh
tors, referred to the contrast between the
condition of her fathers serfs and theirs
sbo would he cut short with the retort, We'll,
your estate is republic! Yet even among
the Verigos there was not really warm
and friendly feeling toward the peasants, ex'
cept on Katya's part.
1.-THE selfish desire to grab everything,
which often shows itself in children at one
stage of their development, was unknown to
Katya. Her tendency was to give away every
thing that came into her hands. II she were
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25
Police Commissioner
Woods
IEW YORK CITY'S Police Commits
\ sioner, Arthur Woods, who has
announced his intention Of quitting


- announced his intention of quitting
his Job on January 1, thus relieving Mayor
Hylan of the necessity of ousting him, has
the reputation of having done more TO free
New York of vice than any Commissioner
appointed since statistics of such matters
have been kept.
Mr. Woods, born in Boston, and Har-
ward graduate, is forty-seven years old.
He came TO New York in 1906 and began
work in Manhattan as reporter on THE
Evening Sum-" Previously, for eight years,
he had taught at the Groton School. While
at college and as master Of the Groton
School he displayed much interest in civic
affairs and social problems. AS a reporter
he covered stories at Police Headquarters,
and it was then that his liking for police
work developed.
For a short time he was in the lumber
business in Mexico and in the. cotton con-
yerting business in Boston.
He was one of the prime movers in the
organization of the Committee of Fifty
that aided General Bingham, then Police
Commissioner, in his constructive work.
Bingham appointed him his fourth deputy
and placed him in charge of the Detective
Bureau. Woods went to Europe and
studied the methods of Scotland Yard.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25

DRE-EMINENT among those thou
sands of Russia's noblest men and
women whose labors and sacrifices
were instrumental in bringing about the
Russian revolution stands out the figure of
Catherine Breshkovsky, the story of whose
life is told in book, "The Little Grand
mother of the Russian Revolution" just
being published by Little, Brown & Co.
The volume consists of "reminiscences given
to DR.. Abraham Cahan while Nine. Bresh-
kovsky was in New York and letters to
her son, written while she was in prison,
the whole edited by Alice Stone Blackwell.
In the opening pages, extracts from which
follow, is presented vivid picture of her
childhood, the years that gave birth to her
desire to save the oppressed Russian.
Thus:
"She was born in 1874 on an estate in the
district of Vitebsk, in Little Russia. She was
fortunate in her parents. Whenever she
speaks of them her face lights up. Il had
wonderful parents she says. III there is
anything good in me I owe il all to them
"Her father, Constantine Mikhailovitch
Vertigo, WAS the son of Polish aristocrat.
Her mother, Olga Ivanovna Goremykina, came
of noble family of Great Russia. Catherine
is therefore three-fourths Russian and one
fourth Polish
when Catherine was four years old her
father bought large estate in the district
of Tchernigov. There her childhood was
passed.
"She had quick temper as child. At
three years old she once got so angry that
she struck her mother in the eye with a stick.
In the end her mothers training enabled her
TO conquer this fault.
ain her childhood she was always dis
tressed about her innumerable sins 4
would sin and straightway repent it, she said,
MY heart was continually rent with grief
over my misdeeds' What were the four-year-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25
The New Shipping Board
Head

CHARLES A. PIEZ, who was recently
" made virtual head of the United
States Shipping Board, displacing Naval
Constructor Capps in authority, had no
actual experience in shipbuilding prior to
his association with the board. But he
has had a great deal to do with big bus
mess problems and with the handling OF
labor, and is recognized as one OF the
foremost organizers and engineers in the
United States.
After his graduation from Columbia
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25
Disarming Max Eastman

THAT the indictment last week by the
l. Federal grand jury Of Max East
man, editor of "The Masses" and six of
his editorial and contributing aids on
charges of conspiring to violate the espio-
mage acts was not totally unexpected, Mr..
Eastman himself freely admitted. The in
dictment, which, according to the Eastman
idea, is part of the organized effort of
certain subordinate officials in the service
CT the United States government to crush
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25

from Fort Myer to Alexandria, Va,
distance of seven miles. After minimum
Of instruction by the Wrights, Foulois
took charge of the army biplane at san
Antonio, and there, where flying conditions
are at their worst, he taught himself to
fly.
1t was in February, 1911, that Robert
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25

Police dogs, new system of Identification,
and branch bureaus were introduced short
ly after his return.
Mayor Mitchell, upon taking office on
January 1, 1914, appointed Mr.. Woods his
secretary. He held that position until
April, when Douglas |. Mckay resigned as
Police Commissioner, and Mayor Mitchell
appointed Woods in his place.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25

robust creatures clad IN coarse garments, un-
combed. almost unwashed, who, if they saw
their master or any of his family coming,
would hastily pull off their head covering and
bow almost to the ground. These were the
peasants who titled the soil. Rising before
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-25

r TERE, in a nutshell, and chronology
RI cally tabulated, are the important
L. developments of the labor conven'
ion at Buffalo, covering sessions up to