Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-08-04

the front and rear axles and the steer
ing gear Of the automobile are de-
scribed herewith for the benefit OF
motorists who wish to know more
about their cars. The descriptions
are taken from the series on the
fabrication Of the Automobile, Is
sued by the Vacuum Oil Company.
Rear Axle
In automobile construction springs
are firmly clamped to spring perche9
or fiat pieces q. Fig. ~, which are
generally attached to the rear axle (E.
Fig il or axle housing a, Figs. 2, 3,
al, although sometimes they are
mounted in this position and are free
TO oscillate. -es.>
There are two types Of rear axle
construction:
Dead Axls Gig. d .*
A-dead axle II used on internal gear
drive and chain driven cars. It Is .
solid bar, fixed IN an imrnovable POI
sifion at the rear end Of the car. The
axle 9El carries the weight Of the
car. and Its outer ends CID are ma.
chined to act as spindles for the
wheels (M) mounted thereon. The
wheels although free to turn, are held
IN position on the axle spindle with
lock nuts (Kl. The ball or roller bear.
ings Obi are held in casing (Cl in the
wheel hub (N). :. *. r
Live AxIe (Fios. z, 8, ~
Automobiles driven by means OF
rear axles must employ the differen'
tial drive. @..-...
A housing (A) encloses and holds ic
q centraI position the right. and left.
hand axle shafts and all driving parts
and bearings, protecting them from
water. dust and injury.
The timer splined or squared ends
Cd OF the axle shafts (E) fit ths
! central holes in the differential driv-
ing gears. The outer end CID Of each
Axle shaft CD Is connected to the
wheel hub flange IN. by means OF q
key and lock nut or q readily remoT-
able locking device (K). Thus the
turning effort of the engine is trans
mitted through the differentIal and
the axle shafts to the wheels.
Full Floating Axle Gig. 1o)
II ID not necessary to fasten rigidly
either end of the driving axle shaft
(E), as its sole purpose il to trans
NIT q floating motion to the rear
wheel (M1, the wheel being, supported
by two bearings (B) on the axle hous-
ing CAL A coupling (K), which may
be readily removed. Is employed usu-
ally to lock the axle shaft (E) to the
wheel hub flange (N), in some in
key and lock nut are employed.
The axle shaft (ED Is not directly
supported at either end by bearings,
and its axial or central position is
maintained due to its attachments at
its extreme ends. The term full float.
ing axle is thus derived. ...
Seml-Floatlng Axle (Fig. 81 =
In some instances the inner end
Cd OF each axle shaft CD 10 fasteI.
ed to its differential axle gear. In
other instances the shaft Is prevented
from moving endwise by means of .
collar fixed to the shaft (not shown.
The outer end CID OF each axle
IE) Is attached to the wheel hub
flange by means OF q key and lock
nut (K). The bearing CD on the
outer end of the axle shaft IE) 10
held In position by the axle housing
(Al. Thus the axle shaft directly
supports the weight OF the car in ad
dition to transmitting rotation to the
Raar wheel
jBeing supported by this outer end
bearing CD and held in a central
position by its attachment to the dit
ferential axle gear at its inner END
Ola half floating construction 10
apparent. Hence the name semi
floating axle.
Three-ouarter Floating Axle Gig. ~
This axle construction employs q
fixed method of attaching the outer
end I'D of the axle shaft (El to the
wheel hub flange (N) by means OF
key and lock nut. thus maintaining
( the alignment of the wheel, and IN
some instances employs q collar or
other locking device ,Hot shown for
preventing end motion Of the axle
shaft.
The axle shaft is not directly sup
ported at either end by bearings, The
construction Is similar to that Of the
full flowing axle, from which II diff
fers only n the type Of bearings and