The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1917-05-02

the concentrated article Is high, but as il
may be greatly diluted the actual cost
of applying the spray compares favor
ably with that of other contact sprays
OF the commercial preparations the 40
per cent nicotine sulphate is the solution
in most common use. Weaker grades
may be used if care is taken that the
spray is made up to contain not less than
0.05 or 0.06 per cent of actual nicotine.
Nicotine may be added either TO the
winter strength lime sulphur solution
used for the San Jose scale, or to dilute
the lime sulphur solution and arsenate of
lead spray employed in the control of in
sects and diseases of fruit and foliage.
1t may also be used in Bordeaux mix
ture or in arsenate Of lead and water
spray. This is great advantage as the
orchardist is enabled to spray against
several pests simultaneously. 1t must be
remembered, however, that although the
addition of soap adds much to the spread
ing power and efficiency of the nicotine
spray, soap must not be used with lime
sulphur solution.
It is also comparatively simple mat
| ter TO make nicotine sprays at home if
| tobacco stems or refuse tobacco are avail
| able In the home manufacture OF the
! solution, however, it is difficult to deter
| mine the exact strength of the decoction
| since the various kinds of tobacco refuse
vary greatly in their nicotine content.
In new publication of the U. s. depart
ment of agriculture, farmers bulletin
804. table showing the number of
IT Ii. l.. Il 49,
fuse needed to make nicotine solutions
of the right strength is given. In this
connection it is pointed out that the
stems from which the extract has been
made have value for fertilizing pur-
poses of about $40 ton. With tobacco
refuse and stems costing about $40 ton,
the spray solution can be made for APP
proximately one cent gallon, the fer
tilizer value of the extracted refuse COW
ering the cost of labor, etc. The sprays
should be made up as they are needed,
for fermentation begins within day or
two.
Washes made of fish oil or laundry
soap are also effective against aphids,
and are especially suitable for use on a
small scale. The fish oil soap of different
bidHus Dn Tic htt vel ltS Eithbil III
water content, so that the precise guam
tity of soap to be used with given
amount of water will vary also. Manu-
facturers, however, are required by the
federal insectcide act of 1910 to state on
the label the amount Of active ingredi
ents, in this case soap, and OF inert in
gradients. This will enable purchasers
to make up solution which should
range from one pound of soap for five
gallons of water to one pound for seven
gallons, depending upon the amount OF
water present in the soap As has been
already said, soap should not be added to
lime sulphur solution. Nor should lime |
sulphur solution be added to kerosene |
emulsion. This last may be used against I
aphids at the rate Of one gallon to seven /
or eight gallons OF water. The stock /
solution for this purpose is made accord
two gallons; fish oil or laundry soap, /
one half pound; water, one gallon.
In view Of the increasing damage TO APP |
Piles from the various kinds of aphids,
the publication already mentioned, farm
ers' bulletin S04 states that the annual
bud spraying OF apple orchards appears
to be good practice, and if continued
over a series of years would, no doubt,
prove profitable. The black cherry aphis
also causes decided curling of foliage
on cherry trees and should, therefore, be
destroyed as soon as the buds are break
ing. The several aphids which occur on
the plum, and the green phaich aphis,
10 not curl the foliage to the same ex
tent as do some of the apple aphids, and
t usually will be found satisfactory to
spray the trees after there are indica
ions that these insects are abundant.
Where the insects have proved trouble
'ome regularly, however, spring spraying
nay be desirable. In the case of cur
ants and gooseberries it is especially
to spray as the shoots are
cushing out, otherwise the insects will
oon be protected by the distorted foil
lge. When spraying is carried on later
n the season the liquid should be d.
ected upward TO wet the insects on the
Under side of the leaves.
A detailed description Of the character
nd seasonal history of the more impor-
ant of the aphid species is given in the
'ulletin already mentioned