davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1917-06-03

payments by tho Government were
made In paper money. Jay Cooke
placed one great loan at per cent
The Treasury took over the placing OF
the next loan and fixed the rate at 8
per cent. 1t was q failure.
After the Supreme Court declared
tho legal tender act unconstitutional
the Secretary OF the Treasury brought
into existence tho national banking
system. Under this system tho ma
tional banks issued their notes. but
the note issue was based ON Govern
ment bonds with the Governments
promise to redeem in coin and pay
interest in coin This made at once a
market for tho bonds. So with State
banks and national banks issuing cur
rency, with the Government issuing its
own notes and even communities issu-
ing tokens and "shinplasters" the
country went along fighting tho war
with great enthusiasm. but with more
defeats than successes
In two short years tho industries Of
the country had Increased under the
hothouse influence Of no taxation and
large orders and the country was pros
porous beyond dreams. But the COM
mon sense of the American people
now came into play. They saw that
no country could long go on piling
UP a huge debt through tho fnstru-
mentality OF loans without facing a
crash.
Interest Charges Tremendous.
~ -
amounted to $62s.ooo.ooo. In tho sec
one year tho total WAS SITS 900 900.
The interest charges alone were s24,-
$4,000 for 1868. SIS. 1856, 900 for 1864
and in 1865 reached the enormous
total of s133. 3.o67,824. II was estimated
that the annual rate OF interest aocr,i-
ing on gold bonds issued from 1852 to
1866, owing to the depreciation Of
paper money and the premium on gold
was $50 and on investments in tho
debt payable in "lawful money during
the same period was 1865.
So the demand came from tho public
that taxation should be imposed for
the purpose Of meeting part Of the ex-
penses Of the war. for paying or the
bonded Indebtedness as rapidly az pos
sible.
This demand for taxation finally was
reflected in Congress by action and IN
tho third year of the war mo influence
OF taxation began to be felt. A most
elaborate system was put into opera
ton. Some Of II was so elaborate that
the purpose OF Congress was defeated.
High hole" in internal revenue taxa-
tion was reached in the act Of June 80
1854. Spirits were taxed 81 a gallon
and much of the revenue due the Gov
ernment was evaded. The principle,
David A. Wells says. on which Con-
gress proceeded was wherever you
find an article. a product. . trade, q
profession. a sale or a source Of m
come. tax It."
But not until 1854, as stated, did
Congress begin TO approach the tasl.
and the war was then approaching
The sun., 1917-06-03

hood OF Lincoln. In these soepe.h.
takes tho part OF the future Pres,dent.
father. Tom Lincoln. Tho inc,dcr..
shown are not actual occurrences frnm
Mncoln's life because It was imposs,h,.
to gather authentic accounts OF ma,
happenings.
Il do not claim that the epI,oA..
are real" said Mr.. Chaplin But .vs,s
detail In them Is based on his,or,,.,
fact. 1 can go through each scer,
and give authority for every point /,
try to make-the shiftlessness OF ~,
father. his inability to read or vri,,
his harshness with the boy: the homo,
details Of their everyday life. n.
creek. which is like the one near ,hs
old Lincoln cabin; the fishing and ~,
boys tumble into the water; his ,o,,,
for his mother, and her knowledge RI,
reading.
Every possibility shown in these IN
cidents ] have tried To verify. An.
while / do not pretend to give an Ar.
tual reproduction Of Lincoln's hoyhoos
for that Is impossible do claim =,
give q true conception Of the spirit n,
1t, the influences that moulded NJ,
character. People are moved TO laugh.
ter and TO tears by them. And I do
not believe that any one sees thess
pictures without feeling that Lincoln
is to them a more real personality
than ever. To have achieved this 4,
to have realized the purpose hay.
followed for years"
1t is true. as Benjamin Chaplin says
that when he began to impersona,.
Lincoln there was no real resemblanc.
His photographs prove this 1t was
question of makeup and costume Bu,
the years Of trying to look Like Lin.
coin, to talk. TO think. even to live Ike
Lincoln have developed an actual IKE.
ness that IN unmistakable.
The sun., 1917-06-03

that an army might need: with enter
tries because OF the surety Of protec-
ton and the insurance of large profits.
Plenty was offered to everybody who
chose to take It. The golden era Of
patriotism and boom times had come.
The income Of tho United States in
1860 was ss5.36s. 900. tho per capita Of
the expenses S2.66. Tho Government
raised in the next year from loans
chiefly the sum OF 35s9.97s. 900. and the
per capita leaped to $3.50. Thus the
first year of the war was fought on
borrowed money and not on taxation.
and the second and third years were
almost entirely fought on funds simi-
larly raised.
esting to revert to the present situa-
ton in national finances. Tho year
before the declaration of a state of
war between tho United States and
Germany found the income Of the Gov
ernment, which was almost on a war
basis. $112s,oo0. 900. q Per capita of
s11.1s. And the first year Of tho war
finds the Government proposing to ex-
pend at the lowest $1,000, ,00O. 900. a per
capita expenditure to bo supplied by
the public by bonds and taxation. of
$6931.
Tax FREQ in 1851. the country re-
sponded to the call to arms. the cali
to the forge. the can to tho factory.
Mr.. Chase after obtaining sanction
from Congress proceeded to New York
to borrow money. He obtained as an
initial loan from the banks $3.50. .ooo. 900
and other loans followed.
1t Is not necessary to go into tho de-
tails Of the bond issues and paper
money issues here. but these were the
only considerable sources Of revenue
the Government had. The importa-
tions Of foreign goods had almost
ceased owing to the political disturb
ances. Foreign merchants did not care
TO take any risk until they saw which
way the conflict was likely to 90. the
general impression abroad being that
the Union would be destroyed and that
there would be two Governments side
by side. one slave and the other free
where there had been but one
War Tax Troubles
II was not until tho war had been
under way for four months that Con-
gress decided to discuss tho problems
OF internal and direct taxation. Such
a thing had never been known In the
country before. The Government had
been run on the income from impost
taxes. Tho returns from all sources
other than loans and customs for the
year 1882 were but $2.s67.067.
Congress hesitated to meet the ques.
ton Of raising money except through
borrowing. IT was felt that It woult
be unpopular. but finally tax or as.
sessment was apportioned among the
States OF $20.000.00o. 1t was also de.
cided to impose an income tax of
per cent on all incomes In excess O.
$500. which was to take effect ter
months after enactment. or we'll on II
the yssr 1854. The States did not ~
The sun., 1917-06-03
STORY OF THE MAN WHO LOOKS

not as large as his. My hands are
quite unlike his. My face is not like
his except In general contour.
Before I began to impersonate him
no one had said looked like him. As
a matter Of fact ] did not So 1t is
scarcely in harmony with the truth
to say have capitalized and COM
mercialized resemblance to him.
The real facts are these. had
been giving interpretations OF charac-
ters in the drama. But ever since I
was a boy Lincoln had been my ideal.
I had studied his life and brooded over
his character. And finally the idea
came to me to Try to present him on
the stage.
"Of course II had been a short
fat man with a round face 1t wouldn't
have been possible. But l wasn't. and
with the aid OF makeup was able
to achieve a very good likeness, When
I began l used a false beard. But az
time went on and / DEVOTED myself
entirely to the Lincoln work I grew
beard Of my own. II was much bet
ter to do this than to use false
beard.
But I never tried to attract atten-
ton to myself. On the contrary
avoided 1t. When left my hotel l
almost invariably took a cab. had my
meals in a private room. Being stared
at because I looked like Lincoln was
repugnant to me. 1t was undignifed
and unworthy to parade myself in
public.
1T Is only within the past few weeks
that in the press of arranging for this
picture production 1 have been forced
to give up my usual habib. But I
have done II through necessity, not
through choice.
ct suppose my resemblance to him
IT, as people say. do resemble him
has come through years Of imperson-
ating him. now use very little
makeup. The lines and wrinkles I
produce by using my facial muscles.
I have studied all his portraits care
fully and have spent innumerable
hours Of practice trying to reproduce
his various expressions-not 80 that I
may look like him of the stage. but
that I may better portray him in plays
and pictures"
The sun., 1917-06-03

unworthy of him. believe the men
with whom 1 have had business rela-
tions, for instance, would say that
have always been careful to adhere
strictly to the truth.
ain the play I gave I tried TO put
something more than a mere physical
likeness. ] tried to get tho spirit Of
the man himself I have had count
less letters that encouraged me to be-
lieve that succeeded: but think
Mark Twain expressed It more to my
satisfaction than any one else did"
The sun., 1917-06-03

Tho great lesson 20 m learned q ~
the financial history Of 1s6l-6a IS ina
taxation was deferred unul the oouh'
try wns built UP 10 stand NNAu'"
II It had been imposed early b. ''neT>
never would have started M
loans would have failed. AZ Il VS.
war was fought on bonds, ~. DOM.
were paid out Of taxation ard
"present generation" paid for ne "o.
rust as President Wilson aioF - NV
the "present generation Oav "
war now. But no one tiied - max
lincoln and Chase helel0 i'' ,,..
war could be fought on n 0''''''
basis Of taxation and loans,
The sun., 1917-06-03

not strange that he has come actually
to look like Lincoln. He has not only
thought about Lincoln; ne has tried to
think like him.
"I expect people win consider this.
too. q pose." he said. But have felt
that II I attempted to portray Lincoln
must be careful even in my private
life not to do things which would be
The sun., 1917-06-03

Everything produced in the count1
paid its tax, whether an overcoat or a
horseshoe.
Taxes were imposed for the purpos.
Of bringing in all possible revenue ar
were especially heavy on the MANI
facturer. The manufacturer welcomed
the Increased tax because It gave Rim
an excuse TO raise the price Of ths az
ticle to the consumer. who pa'3 nc'
only the tax but an increased prof.
II never occurred to any one ~ talk
about maximum prices in those DAYS
Tho prices went up and up until they
almost nit the sky.
II tho revenue act OF July 3o lS+
hit the luxuries produced within ~
country tho tariff act of March = i'si
hit the luxuries which were imrortAi
This act, says Prof. Bolles IN his
Financial History Of the Tinted
States" marked high water mark N
taxation"
BY this time the whole wo-lt wa,
producing for the United states. Tne
importers, who in 1851 were fearfn'
about shipping goods 10 this coun'rT
''i ANhi tAAo 'puAli W'AAAh ava ''t'-
North would repud!ate tts debts, now
tumbled over one another ~ tN'T
haste to get the American ra-ke'
Money had been made rapid and 'NN
country seemed 10 desire h'ch 1-ce'
articles Tho higher the better. 70
the costly goods from abroad roHN'
into the port Of New York ard were
distributed far and wide. TIA or'-
toms duties in 1866 reached Sl7a,o+'.
651. In 1857 they were sl16ii0sW
and in 1868 $164.464.59a
The Great Lesson Of 1851 .65
Tho luxury tax in the act %. iS''
however. beat that record. j. 1856 -
ternal revenue paid si0l.oooco'. r
1867 It paid sc7o, ,o00.o 900 and ~ ''iS g
paid s192. 900, 900.
This was the taxation ~ IRA
fought the war, because the Var wa
over, but that paid off tho bonds on
the proceeds of which ,n" yea 'a'
been fought.
This table VIII show n .
rise and fall OF bond issue
progressive rate of TAXATION '.-
with the fiscal year 1854
war had been under way for
third years:
The sun., 1917-06-03

unconscious audacity. won the day. and
with his purchases under his arm ne
started for tho station. There he dis
covered that while he had his beautiful
clothes he had not enough money left
to get him to Oberlin. So back he
went to tho store to ask for tho return
Of SO of their purchase money--and
he got It.
The sun., 1917-06-03

pay him to give II. so Mr.. Chaplin tried
TO make a start by doing II for nothing.
He had been earning hundreds Of
dollars week. The same opportunity
was still open to him. But with a grim
determination orthy Of the man he
was bent on portrayins he chung to
his purpose.
The managers Of the bureaus as
sured him there was no demand for a
Lincoln monologue. His sister medi-
tated on this for a time: then she
made UP her mind that the thing to
do was to create a demand. She
managed to borrow little money,
most OF which she invested In stamps
and stationery.
Ideas of the Proper Attire Of a
Gentleman.
Thus equipped she sat down and
wrote letters to superintendents Of
schools and pastors of churches in
dozens Of towns explaining about the
monologue and asking for engage
ments. And, sure enough, the engage
ments came. Faster and faster they
came, until the bureau managers. con-
fronted with the evidence that people
did want a Lincoln monologue, again
opened their arms. or. at any rate.
their books. to the man who had
fought so hard to realize his dream.
From the time he was boy the
lyceum bureau has been a vital factor
in Benjamin Chapin's life. He lived
In Bristolville, a little town about forty
miles from Cleveland, where the only
diversions were periodical visits OF
lyceum entertainers. To the country
boy these rare and wonderful beings
brought the only conception he had
Of life in tho great world outside.
He saw them appear in patent
leather pumps and clawhammer coats
and he therefore decided that these
and a high silk hat represented the
proper attire Of q gentleman. He
himself wore Jeans. But 1t was some
thing to know the correct thing in
masculine attire, and he did not doubt
that he knew It.
When he was about Is years old
he got a country school to teach. The
salary was not princely, but he saved
II all. and when one spring he deter
mined to go to Oberlin for the college
commencement he had what seemed
to him q very respectable sum to
finance tho trio.
At Cleveland he broke his Journey
to buy his OUTFIT. for he was still in
jeans and bnogana He began with
the patent leather shoes and added
other items, paying as he went. The
scene Of his purchases was the mems
furnishing department OF big store.
He was getting along swimmingly;
shoes. silk hat, shirt. necktie. all
bought and paid for. But when he
came to the clawhammer coat ne
discovered to his dismay that his hoard
was almost exhausted.
Not for a moment did ne abandon
his purpose. Instead. no told tho
salesman that he'd Hike to sec the
proprietor in person. And when he
had penetrated to the sanctuary of
this gentleman he told him tho whole
story. explained that ne hadn't enough
money to see him through and asked
to be trusted for the balance.
His x,o,,fh his evidert ahnrsrftv his
The sun., 1917-06-03

THE writer happened to be in
London during the early
months Of tho war and toward
no middle OF August saw by appoint
ment ono Of tho strongest members Of
the British Cabinet He was found
seated at desk which was piled high
with books on American history and
reports dealing with the conduct of
the civil war. England at that time,
caught unprepared everywhere than
on the sea. was beginning to grapple
with the vast and complex questions
which she was to solve 90 we'll. and
every official Of prominence was deeply
interested in tho helter-skelter prepa-
ration which the United States made
for putting down the rebellion.
Il have been absorbed in details of
how you got an army and how you
paid for IT," said tho Cabinet Minister.
"But the price you paid for It was
terrific and the wonder Is that you
ever got the money at ALL"
Many times during tho recent de
bates at Washington over the question
OF finances in the present emergency
have these words of the British states
man been recalled.
He found that what we did in 1851
65 was interesting. May not some ac-
count OF how the matter was handled
by Mr.. Lincoln and Mr.. Chase and the
Congress be equally interesting to
American readers and perhaps afford
food for thought as to how we should
proceed now?
A Picture Of the Times.
First, 1t may he we'll to draw an
outline picture of the times. The
United States had then about 81 900. :
900 population. This was actually re-
duced to about 20 ,o00, 900 by the slump
Ing away through secession of the
Southern States. The wealth of the
country was about $4,000, 900 900, but
a proportionate quantity of that went
with the population when It seeded.
The country, although torn by the ap-
preaching conflict between the North
and South, was prosperous and almost
completely untaxed. The revenues
came principally from the duties on
imports, from profits on coinage and
from the sale of public lands. We were
expanding rapidly toward the West
Wages were low. but prices were low
Employment was plentiful and the
movement toward tho cities from the
farms had already started in.
The finances OF the country were
absurdly bad. The Treasury Mt tina,
time had a deficit although this was
not usual condition; and the rev
enues were not collected, The public
service was not paid and II called upor
to meet its obligations the countr,
would have been bankrupt The defici
IN 1s60-6l was s2,0l5,OO0. No prepa
ration whatever had been made by tn,
Government to meet the conflict tina
was inevitable, while the Souther,
States had been preparing In the seiz
ure Of Government arsenals and sup
ply depots.
The one bright thing in the North
srn sky was the existence OF the ia
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-05
Briggs Helps Reform"
Tribune Cartooaist Draws for
New Rochelle Candidate

NEW ROCHELLE, n. l.. Nov. A.
Claire r. Briggs, originator IN Lhe
New York Tribune of when a Felier
Needs n Friend" and other cartoon
series, has turned his drawing pen over
to the cause Of coed government here
and is campaigning with bristol board
and India ink for the election Of the
anti-machine ticket. Frederick II. Wal
dorf and Gray Miller.
These two men are the nominees OF
the Democratic and Citizens Commit
tee. which is lighting the organization
built up by Mayor Edward Stetson
Gr.Aing, n candidate for another term.
At the largest political meeting ever
held in New Rochelle Mr.. Briggs illus
trated the issues presented by the Ere
form" speakers, much 70 the delight OF
his audience.
His final cartoon brought volumes OF
applause. It was entitled when a
Teller Needs a Friend" and portrayed
the taxpayers Of New Rochelle being
held up by members Of the so-called
machine.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-05
1,5OO to Keep Watch
For Frauds at Polls

Provided with lists of several hun
dred men known to have registered
from two or more places. and rein
forced by detectives who joined various
groups Of "repeaters" installed in lodg-
Ing houses by interested district leaders,
1900 watchers will be on duty at the
polls tomorrow. prepared to prevent
fraud.
Supporting these watchers will be
about two hundred lawyers. who have
volunteered 10 prosecute cases Of fraud.
A force Of reserve watchers will be in
readiness 10 meet emergencies.
These arrangements have been made
by the Honest Ballot Association. the
field forces OF which have been greatly
reduced by the army draft. hut which
will make the best OF the situation by
placing the men where the greatest
danger OF fraud is indicated.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-05
Hylan Repudiated by
$50 Patriot Democrats

For strictly patriotic reasons the
Daytonia Democratic Association Of the
18th Assembly District withdrew its
support last night from Judge Hylan
and pledged itself 70 the fortunes Of
Mayor Mitchell and the City Democracy.
More thar one hundred and nifty
members OF the organization, Of which
Hugh J. Connolly, lifelong Tammany
man, is leader. and Harry Num-, like
wise a Tammany veteran, is president,
attended the n Getting m Tighe's Hall,
Ninety-eighth Street and Third Ave
nue., at which this action was taken,
and adopted with great enthusiasm the
resolutions Droelaiming il.
The resolutions read as follows:
Where's, This organization, com
posed o. Democrats who had intended
% vote the regular Democratic ticket,
views with alarm the astonishing dis
closures Of the association OF Judge
Hylan with men who are plainly enc
mics Of America; and
Whereas. Many Of our members
have gone away 20 war with the G9th
and others have gone into various
camps and nayH. forces 81 The United
S;ates. all bearing our love and loyalty
and with them our faith in the right
81 American arms under the leadership
~ Woodrow Wilson; and
"Whereas, We all know. s~eyery cit
zen Of New York knows. that no man
can be loyal 20 President Wilson and
20 Hearst a. the same time; and
Whereas, We are row oil convinced
That the real reason back Of Judge
Hylan's nomination was the fact that
he Yas acceptable % Hearst a. a
spokesmsn Of Germany and 70 other
wicked and un-hmericsn influences In
Ncw York.
Therefore. be u resolved. That this
aefDclatiOn ron renOUpces ITS pledges
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-05
Swami Seeking
Fusion Guerillas'

Following the questioning of man
known as "Dopey Al" Ellison, a spe-
cial officer in Webster Hall, in East
Eleventh Street, District Attorney
Swann's Office last night announced
that detectives had been sent out TO
locate the head Of private detective
agency who had signed a contract with
the Fusion campaign people to use
1000 men in guerilla work on Election
Day in the interest Of Mayor Mitchell"
This contract, it was said, is in the
hands of the District Attorney.
The following statement was issued
By the District Attorneys office:
AS the result Of an investigation
conducted by the District Attorneys
Office for the last week, Judge Swami
from his Office late last night sent out
subpenas to the men whom his de-
tectiyes reported had been engaged by
Cne Fusion Committee 20 handle its
election work on Election Day.
Information has come 10 the Dis
trict Attorney that over one thousand
men have been provided TO do some
work al the polls in the interest Of
the Mitchell committee. The charac-
ter Of the men employed was Of such
nature that the District Attorney has
felt II incumbent upon him 20 Ascer-
tain what the nature Of the work ex-
pected Of them may be.
II have determined 10 see 10 il that
New York does not suffer on Tuesday
next from the disgraceful disorder md
murder that characterized The recent
primary election in Philadelphia. when
men Of the same type as am Informed
are now being employed were taken
from New York City 10 Philadelphia,
with the result that disorders there
created By g0ngsters around the polls
resulted in The Killing Of a Philadelphia
policeman.
II wish 20 give notice that terrorism
a. the polls will not be tolerated"