davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-06-12
CASH OR CREDIT

Is it better for a nation to carry on a war on a cash
basis or on credit? 1t is to be understood that in any
war both cash and credit figure, but there has been
much discussion as to whether it is better to emphasize
the cash or the credit feature.
War entails both increased taxation and the bor-
rowing Of money. In no case has either of these been
avoided. Nevertheless, two distinct practices are fol-
lowed, and each has its advocates. The British plan
has been to levy very high taxes, not to escape the is
sue OF bonds altogether, but to keep such issues to the
minimum. The British authorities were utterly opposed
to bonding for the major cost Of the war in order to
keep taxes down. They believed that a considerable
portion of the tax burden should be borne by the present
generation; that high taxes would tend to promote the
economy so necessary to the successful prosecution of
the war: and that unnecessarily large bond issues would
create an artificial appearance of plenty, which would
encourage extravaganza and speculation. Hence. while
Great Britain has issued bonds, she also increased her
tax levies very greatly, and, in q large measure, the Brit
ish people are paying for the war as they go.
The German government adopted the opposite plan.
It's efforts was to keep taxes as low as possible. And.
while taxes have been increased, they have not been
increased in anything like the proportion that has been
done in Great Britain. Bond issue after bond issue has
been made, in the effort to keep taxes low. One reason
for this was. doubtless, that the German taxes were very
high even before the war, for the maintenance Of the
country's enormous military establishment placed a heavy
burden on the people. The situation has now been
reached where fresh bond issues follow each other in
rapid succession, and a considerable part Of the receipts
from the latest are used to pay interest on the others.
Naturally there must come an end to this system of fin
ancing, for if the process is continued the time must
come when interest charges will exhaust the total re-
ceipts from any bond issue that can be hoated, leaving
nothing for the maintenance of the government and the
prosecution of the war. Then one of two things must
happen. The war must end or taxation such as was
never before attempted must be resorted to-. The United
States is adhering more closely to the plan adopted by
Great Britain, that of raising a considerable part of the
war cost by means of immediate taxation. This will
diminish interest charges in the future, and will tend
to create a greater feeling of conservatism during tho
war. On the whole this plan seems to be decidedly
better than that of attempting to finance the war al
most wholly on borrowed money.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-06-12
ANNEXATION AND UNDERWRITERS

Germany would be more than willing at this time
to make peace on the basis of the restoration Of the
status before the war. with no annexation of territory
and no indemnities to be paid by anyone. In his note
to the Russian government, which has Just been made
public, President Wilson sets forth the American view
on these matters, and that view does not coincide with
that of Germany by any means. The status quo is not
to be restored If the United States can prevent it. for
out of that grew this war, and we need to avoid another
one.
The German slogan of mo annexation and no in
IDENTITIES" which has been sounded by the pro- Germans
on both sides Of the Atlantic, and which is being put
forth vigorously by Socialists here and elsewhere, does
not appeal! to PresiderF Wilson. He is in favor of no
annexation which will forcibly transfer people to a gov
eminent by which they do not desire to be ruled, but
otherwise the president does not commit himself. There
is likely to be some annexation after this war. There
should be. Alsace-Lorraine should be restored to France,
and there is little doubt that these provinces, French in
sentiment and in tradition, will again become a part of
France. Constantinople will no longer remain under the
rule of the Turk. Whether that city, with its control
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-06-12
BY Edith Barnard Delano of the
ViRilanteR

"GNorss." said. old Mrs.. wellman at
the breakfast tabls, this ID . rainy
day ana you can't use the horses for
ploughin'. ! want you should harness
up and take me over to fairfield"
The pleasant-faced wife OF Mrs.
wellman's farmer Q looked up.
why, mother" she aAid, II wouldn't
70 t o fairfield today II I were you.
You know what the rain does to your
Elisabeth" sid the old Lady,
''thirty-some years ESQ. when you
rushing over for me on q Monday In
hayin' time. I left . note on the
kitchen table telling the men-folks
there was dinner boiling on the stove.
and I left my washing settin' in the
tubs, and I went right along with
your father: l%yaA needed. too! When
and 4 sent 0sorgis on for help. your
mother vi the Atet one 70 come run.
ning, and she hadn't stopped to take
OF her gingham apron nor to roll
down her sleev1G. That's the way We
slwaye have done In this n%eighb0r.
hood. and I don't intend to insult my
children MOI the nsl4hbors BY sdoubtins
llt will always be that Wy.
The farrner and HIS Wtfe-&o ny
nothtns of the elatl1yea-JookeA
/, slightly puxsasds and . ROD deal asnus-
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-06-12
WHO CAN WEAR THIS SHOE?
ABOUT T0WNLEY'S SIZE. Ell?

A good many popular slogans sound we'll specifically, but have
different aspects when examined closely. Our minor aspect of the
"pasy-as-you,enter" war slogan which impresses us is that the indi-
from entering the war.
The "payas-you-enter' process is calculated to make the war
unpopular and to retard its momentum.
Fundamentally there isn't any reason why this generation
should pay a particularly large proportion of the cost Of the war.
So far as we are fighting it for a spiritual purpose, of course, we
should be willing to make any sacrifices that are necessary. But
so far as we are fighting it with material purposes in mind, we are
We are fighting It to save this country for future Americans.
If none of us had children nor any interest in anybody elses chill
dren, we might not be justified on the material side in fighting the
war at ALL
If we were merely life tenants on the American continent. with
no heirs, we woufd not fight the war-Collier's Weekly.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-06-12
Liberty Bonds and the
Farmer of North Dakota

Do o believe A. G. Townley when
he says h Liberty Loan 10 q ruse of
the nightly rich and the American
government to foist upon tho citizens
OF the nation the entire burden of the
MI. Townley, in SO many words,
has said that he was utterly opposed
to the Liberty Bonds sale and has ad-
vised his followers to refuse to buy
them.
Would you put the words Of Mr..
Townley above those Of President
Wilson and former President Roose-
velt-is he greater and better than
either or both Of these?
The Herald does not believe you
think SO. Mr.. Farmer, and we do not
believe o are going to follow his
dictation in this great matter Of dol
lar loyalty. 1t should shake your
faith in all he has promoted.
God has been good to North Dako-
Ia these last few days, the comforting
and refreshing rains being sent to the
thirsting crops when they were most
needed. AS you have prohted, show
your gratitude by coming to the aid
Of your country and participate In the
Liberty Loan to have q share In the
most righteous war wagvd in ell mod
ern ttmes-for the freedom Of democ-
racy and a world peace untrammeled
Ny oN0WAl&C, HllllAIlotlC power.
President Wilson says: I'VE must
exert all our power and employ all
our to bring the govern
mont of the German empire to terus
and end the war"
Former President Roosevelt rays:
There is no surer bond between q
man and his country than he shall be
a bondholder of his country. =
Let ua see that this Liberty Loan
bond issue is a bond issue of the DEM
ocracy."
The Herald suggests: The kaiser 1.
waiting to hear from the Liberty
Loan bond sale. Let the answer be
such that it will be heard around the
world.
1t IL stated on undoubted authority
that a victorious Germany will de-
mand billions Of dollars from the
United States a. indemnity for the
damages inflicted by the arms and
munitions furnished by America to
the entente allies. The Liberty Loan
bond issue is the answer-B1lllons for
defense. but not one cent for indemni.
ty.
Last Campaign IL On.
Minneapolis, June 1.-THE last
week Of the Liberty Loan campaign
in the Ninth federal reserve district
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-06-12

O. the tribe! They're askin' for my
help. son, and I'm going to give it,"
Bully for you, Grandma" George,
junior. cried; there was a LIGHT in the
lads eyes that would be hard to ex-
tinguish.
The farmer and his wife were look
ing at each other; then the farmer
spoke. Son. he said to junior, you
go out to the barn and hitch up. Your
grandmother has reminded us of the
traditions Of this family, and l guess I
can buy a couple of those Liberty
bonds myself, just SOS not to shame
my br~inRing-up!'
II read in the paper that the banks
would make it SO you could pay part
at a time" said Elizabeth. "Will you
do what you can with my butter and
eggs money, mother? I'll pay the
rest as 1t comes in"
"There!" said the old lady, as she
rose to put on her bonnet. 81 thought
1t wouldn't be children of mine that
would forget what 1t means to be
neighbOrsi"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-06-12
Indian Heavy Buyer.

Warrington. June H. jackson
Barnett, reputed to be the wealthiest
Indian In the United States. today
subscribed 100000 to Liberty Loan
bonds through his guardian. Carl ].
O'Hornett, of Henrystta, Okla, Sec
rotary Lanes ruling that Barnett,
who 10 a ward Of the government,
might do this, opens the way to many
Indian subscriptions.
Barnett, ull-blooded son Of a Creek
chteftatn, derived his wealth from oil
lands near Tulsa, Okla, which he at
first Indignantly rejected, declaring
the tract At only for coyote and Jack
rabbits, and in nowise suited to an
Indian who merely wanted to fish and
hunt ~ he pleased. The discovery
Of oil and the lease Of Barnett's land
made the Indian a millionaire but he
was unable to handle his financial af-
fairs and q guardian was appointed
for him. Barnett shows little interest
In the size of his fortune. Last year
he paid an income tax estimated at
$4,000.
Archbishop Mundelein Of Chicago,
has subscribed $4,000 to Liberty
bonds personally and issued q state
ment in which he declares that the
Church considers 1t q positive duty
to assist this nation in every way pos
sible in gratitude for the peace and
liberty which the church has enjoyed
In the United States"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-06-12
MANY VOLUNTEERS
NOW in NATIONAL
WORK in ENGLAD

London, June 12.-(Correspondence
of the Associated Press. )-There are
2.804 volunteers at work in his coun-
try under the national service plan
started four months g as a reply
to Germany's industrial CONSUMPTION.
These and other figures We're given in
parliament the other day to show the
progress made in putting everybody
on work of national Importance.
h figures showed hat there are
1896 volunteers who were still
awaiting replied from employers. A
total Of 10000 volunteers had been
offered to employers. The employers
accepted 2,804, did not reply to 1880
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-06-12
which left a balance Of about 1,4oo
who were rejected or otherwise dis

which left a balance Of about l,4oo
who were rejected or otherwise dis
posed of.
Opponents Of Industrial service are
elated over the showing thus made.
They say that national service has
been a failure in Germany. This ts
because there is such a wide and I'M
passable gulf between military con-,
scription and industrial CONSUMPTION.
Forced military service, they point
out. is easily applied. because raw ma
terial is taken and quickly trained by
ono system Of machinery. Any healthy
young nan can be turned into a SOL
der in quicker time. they say, than
it takes to teach an office boy how to
copy letters. On the other hand under
industrial CONSUMPTION the critics
point out the government has to train
men to become farm workers. engi-
neers, shipwrights, miners, ETC., and
1t has no organization for doing so.
Nicholas Romanoff is to be trans
ferred from Tsarkoe selo palace to
Kronstadt and will probably never
u
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-06-12
What Is a Tax
Receipt Worth?

The government is at war and needs money. It has two ways
ofraising it. One is to borrow by issuing bonds. The other is to
take by taxation.
1t chose to borrow, and the Liberty Loan is offered the people
OF the country. If the Liberty Loan fails to be. fully subscribed,
the government must and will resort to the other method Of rails
ing money. If you will not lend to the government, it can make
you pay taxes and issue only a receipt.
Liberty Bonds are a first class investment. Principal and in
terest will be paid. What is a tax receipt WORTH
Grand Forks County has been asked to raise 100000. As a
resident Of the county which do you prefer to do? to loan your
share or to get only tax receipt.
Grand Forks City has subscribed to date about $175.O00!
Towns and villages have subscribed to date about $4,000.
The response from the farms has been very light.
What Have You Done? We Must ALL Do More.
..,.sEyery young man who i registered and subject to call has a
to thsi liberty loan means. i better chance and better conditions
Ter th9 men who 81 g the front.
LIBERTY BOND
sAEYoa ca Fihnce Yor suhseH4pd1ns WHhs ~ Bk4nk il the County
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-06-12

began today with those in charge de-
termined to make a supreme effort In
order that the district will not fall
short Of its allotted quota. Although
the district still has a large amount to
raise. indications today we're that the
final drive. which will thoroughly
cover the district. will bring in the
needed amount.
Subscriptions must be in the Min
neapolis bank by noon Friday, and II
was poined out that the campaign in
Montana must close Wednesday, in
other states Thursday.
We Must Not Fail.
Thee. Void, governor Of the
Minneapolis bank, today received
a telegram from Secretary of the
Treasury McAdoo saying that
failure Of the loan IL not to be
contemplated.
"such an event would be . ma
tfonal calamity" the secretary
said" We must redouble efforts
for the remainder of the PERIOD"
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1917-12-08

Automatic as it may be to refer to Germany as having been prepared to wage a great war, some features of her preparedness are scarcely known.
 Tae vast iron ore resources oo- tanned i'll Alsace as result of des- Jorting France were utilized to es- eablisil dominance in the steel trade and bring Germany to the rank of the second steel'producing center of the world. The great German steel output was systematically poured in to the British market in g. way to check and break down the British steel-manufacturing plants, until some British steel concerns became ill part and others altogether, mer- chants and brokers for the German producer.
 For years efforts to acquire mon oply in goods needed in the product tion of war material was the chief points of business organization. The by-products of British coal fields furnished high explosives. These by-products were brought up and used against the English in the first years of the war.
 Optical goods play an important part in modern warfare, and the Bir- mlngham optical industry was tlor. oughlyj destroyed by Germany by way of preparedness. Telescopic eights were lacking for British sharp shooters, and all available telescopic sights had previously to the outbreak or the war been brought up by Ger man firms.
 British gauge.making machines, iathes and gauges did not exist-they were made in Germany" and taose made in England were in Germany when the war started.
 Manipulation bf organized 1abor was part of the German system. Resolutions by British labor leaders urging the labor of all nations to strike in case of a general European war were systematically defeated by German labor delegates in inter. Dational labor congresses. One such case was at Munich just a few months before the outbreak of the war. Such resolutions could not ey- en be discussed by German labor delegates for fear of the wrath of the labor organizations they represented,
 Not only did the Kaiser have D. oO0.o00 men ill arms and ready to fight when the war depstarted. but every industrial force of his enemies was crippled by Germany years be- fore tae hour of war struck.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1917-12-08
STRIKE IN GAS --- N
 N FIELD SETTEEI

Houston. Tex, Dec. 7.-1Se4b- ment of the oil workers shlke affect ing 5000 men in Texas and Louisiana producing field was agreed upon this morning. A written agreement will be signed by the producers and workers this afternoon, it was stated
 Final settlement of the strike was agreed upon by a committee of the workers aud four representatives of the producing companies.
 The agreement to be signed this afternodn, it is said, permits the strikers to return to their worK With out prejudice on tae part of the com ranies. the strikers agreeing on their part to create no trouble with the men who did not join in the walkout. The question of wages and hours IS to be taken up separately by the companies with their respective enl.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1917-12-08
NOTABLES BORN THIS DATE.

Admiral Henry T. Mayo, U. s. N., commander of the North Atlantic fleet. born at Burlington, Vt, 61 years ago todayl.
 Frederick Aver, noted leader in New England finance and industries, born at Ledyard, Conn.,, 95 years ago today.
 General William Murray Black, U. s. A., chief of the engineer corps, born at Lancaster, Pa., 62 years ago today.
 William Cardinal O'Connell of Bos- ton, one of the three American mem bers of the Sacred college, born at Lowell. Mass. 58 years ago today.
 Dr. Harris Randolph, president of the College of Charleston. born in New Orleans, 46 years ago today.
 James P. Austin, infielder of the St. Louis American league baseball team, born at Swansea, Wales, 5 years ago today. 5
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1917-12-08
EXPRESS COMPANIES
 DEFICITS.

It is difficult to analyze the finan- cial reports of our express companies and come to the conclusion that tha deficits of some of them are caused by advances in wages and supplies.
 For instance: The Adams com. Iany reports that in the six months ending June 30 the operating deficit was $612,S12. compared With net earnings of $612.453 for the same period the year before The deficit in July amounted to $36O,0c0. These deficits are being shown in the face of the largest gross business ill the history of the company.
 1t would be interesting to know what the supplies" of express com panies consist off, As to the ad- vance of wages, they cannot be so much as to show the foregoing fig ures especially in view of the fact that the probabilities are great many fewer persons are employed.
 The express business is by no means conducted upon an economical scale. Competition is exceedingly wasteful. Where one company, by reason of its utilization with the, important railroad running to town
 and in most all cities or towns there is only one important railroad running to it-would naturally be the express company that should serve the community. This company could do tae express business from and to such town with tue greatest profit and efficiency. Other com, panies. nine times out of ten, will 30 in roundabout way to get to that community in order to SC. part of the business" This adds to the cx- pense of doing business of the one and detracts from the profits of the other. Instead of there being only one express office and paraphenalia to support, there are sometimes three and four.
 If the express companies of the nation were not run On d competitive basis, but on a cooperative basis, each sticking to the cities and towns along the routes of the railroads of utilization, and having more than one or two offices only in the large cities, the cost of operation would be materially reduced.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1917-12-08
JUSERAND IS
 HONOR GUEST


 New York, Dec. 7.-Dr. J. J. Jus serand, who was the guest of honor tonight at the annual dinner of the Pennsylvania society of New York, has filled the post of F'rencr ann bassador to the United States for the past 15 years. He was born in Lyons in 1855 and at the age of 21 gained admission to the. French foreign of flee. His diplomatic career began in 1881, when he SWas sent on an inn pcrtant mission gto Tunis. Later he was appointed coMncellor at Copenha- gen. and in the, ;3atter year was sent to the United States. As an author Dr Jusserand has an information flame and his books have been trans Dated into many languages. Probably |his best known work is "A History Q
 the Englis People;;'' ~
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1917-12-08

pealing in a stable to a gentle, we'll bred woman. Perhaps it's the pleas ing aroma, or the cleanly, uplifting surroundings, or maybe it's the nice, new appearance of the saw dust .cus- pidors.
 It might be I have given the com- mittee too much credit. Some may claim it's a Pine Bluff tradition that stables should be chosen for the exer- cising of the most solemn duty citi- zen has. But, nevertheless, it remains a praiseworthy fact where churches or other disreputable places might have been used the committeeman didn't let their finer susceptibilities blind them. They were not to be inconsiderate un- der any conditions. They designated the ladies' choice.
 w. c. ALEXANDER.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1917-12-08
PEP sPsTEMaC PILLS
 x THE NEW IRON TONIC
For Weakened Nerves, a Poor Blood
 Supply and an Inactive Liver.

Here is a general tonic, containing all the elements to tone up the system and produce rich, red blood to make a strong and healthy body.
 If you are ailing from any cause, feel tired and lazy or are constipated or can't sleep at night, "just must lie down" at noon, take course of these pills. They will fit you up in tip-top shape.
 For months this tonic has been re- lieving sick people. Ever since their introduction we have had great suc cess with them. Letter after letter has been received from grateful pa tients who owe their relief to this tonic.
 No use to stand back and say they won't help you! They will! They are helping people every day to sleep peacefully every night. Are nourish- ing tired nerves, furnishing them with a rich blood supply and relieving them of all forms of constipation and stom~ ach trouble.
 The chief element in Pep Systematic Pills is GLAUD'S MASS. an assimili' able, safe and sure form of IRON. Other reconstructive and alterative ingredients successfully tone up the entire system.
 Pep Systematic Pills are more safe to take than the old form of iron ton ics. They don't discolor your teeth ol cause any bad after-effects. For you own sake, secure bottle of these pills from Berbig's drug store or live druggist in your own com munity, and begin taking them to- day. \ ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE FOR THESE PILLS.-Adva.
Pine Bluff daily graphic., 1917-12-08
Letters From People.
AN APPRECIATION.

DeC. (, 1S1 Editor Graphic, HV Pine Bluff, Ark.
 Dear Sir: Please publish the bl- lowing under your title Public is- cussion.'
 The members of the Central Demo- cratic committee are to be congratu. lated upon their choice of polling booths for yesterdays election. Being men of perspicacity and having an in nate sense of the eternal fitness of things they should have the commun- ity's thanks for lowing to the wishes of those newcomers in the world of Suffrage-the ladies. It was unfortu- nate, of course, the exigencies of situ- ation prevented our esthetic committee from choosing four stables instead of two and there might be some little criticism from the fair voters as a result, but I maintain that at least a majority of the ladies and certainly all of our highminded, idealistic men are indebted to chairman Miner and his co-workers.
 There is something peculiarly ap-