The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1917-08-30

AS soon as road is constructed the
action of traffic and the weather begin
| to destroy it, and to counterbalance
| the effects of these deteriorating inilu-
ences 1t is necessary to institute some
| system of maintenance. There are
| two common ways of maintaining a
| road. One is to make periodic repairs
or renewals after sections of the road
have been practically destroyed; the
other is to employ a system of contin-
uous maintenance under which all in
| juries to the road are repaired as fast
as they occur. For earth, sand and
| gravel roads the system of continuous
maintenance is much preferable from
practically every standpoint, and that
system alone will be discussed here.
Road Drag.
The road drag is simple and mex
pensive device for maintaining certain
| types of roads which, when wet, be-
come rutted under traffic but which
become firm on drying out. It is use
full also in producing a smooth and
uniform surface on newly constructed
roads of earth, earthly gravel, or any
similar material. The accompanying
illustration shows a typical design for
a road drag made of sawed timber.
Properly used at the right time the
drag performs four distinct functions:
first. by moving at an angle with the
travelled way, it tends to produce or
preserve a crowned cross section; sec
ond. II used when the surface is com
paratively soft, 1t tends to reduce ir-
regularities in the road, by moving
material from points which are rela-
lively high to those which are rela-
lively low; third, when used after q
rain ii accelerates the drying out or
the road by spreading out puddles of
water and thus exposing a greater area
to evaporation; fourth. If the surface
material is in slightly plastic state,
dragging Smears over and partially
seals The so-called pores which natural
ly occur in earthly material, and thus
makes the road surface more nearly
imperylOus to water.
To obtain the best results dragging
should be done only when the surface
of the road is sufficiently moist for
the material moved by the drag to COM
pact readily after it is moved, but not
sufficiently vet for traffic following the
drag to produce mud.
The principal factor In successfully
operating a properly constructed road
drag, provided the condition of the
road is favorable, Is skill on the part
of the operator Such skill can be OBJ
.ained only by intelligent experience,
and no rules can be laid down which
would enable an inexperienced opera
tor to produce first-class results.
Under ordinary circumstances the
position of the hitching link on the
draw chain should be such that the
runners will make an angle of 60 to 10
degrees with the center line of the
road, or, in other words, a skew angle
pf from 10 to 80 degrees. But when
dragging Immediately over the ruts,
or down the center of the road after
he sides have been dragged, 1t may
be found advantageous to place the
hitching link at the center of the chain
and run the drag without skew. An in
telligent operator will learn quickly to
adjust such details as this, as well
as to shift his weight while riding
upon the drag in order to make it cut
where cutting is desirable, and depos-
1t material where material is needed.
Making Repairs.
If roads of such types as have been
discussed are to be maintained prop
erly, they must frequently receive 9TH
err attention than mere dragging. The
side bitches should be kept open and
free from vegetation, the cross drains
and culverts maintained in proper con-
dition, and worn places in the surface
repaired as fast as they develop.
The material used in repairing the
surface should be the same as that
composing the surface and should be
put on in such quantity and manner
that after 1t is compacted the surface
will be uniform and continuous. Much
| time and labor can be saved by max
| ing repairs as soon as needed because
when bad place once develops in a
road 1t generally will spread very rap
idly until proper steps are taken to
| correct 1t.
Cost Of Maintenance.
There are not sufficient cost data
available at present to warrant any
very definite statements as to cost of
maintenance, but when roads can be
maintained largely by use Of the drag,
as usually is the case with the sim
pier types of construction, the cost
ordinarily is very small. Accurate
data kept by a representative Of the
Office of public roads for road main
tenance in Bennington county, Yer
mont, during 1912 and 1913 showed
that under favorable conditions a road
could be dragged at the rate Of about
| mile per hour. This was where the
| road was comparatively well shaped
No Water for Swimming.
l. a 4. a Cal IL al