davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07
STOCK-RALSLNGI
Better Teachers for Rural Schools
The Rise Of the Normal School.

trained teachers. To meet this need.
FRANKIE, in 1897, founded a teach
ers' class "by providing a table or
free board for such poor students as
stood in need OF assistance. and Sc
lecting. a few years later. out of the
whole number, . who exhibited the
right basis Of piety, knowledge. skill.
and desire for teaching" and con-
shutting them his "seminarium
praeceptorium." In return for this
gratuitious training. these pupil
teachers bound themselves 10 teach
for three years in the schools of the
Orphan house after completing
their course. This was the first
regularly organized exclusive teach
ers' seminary in Europe. From all
parts Of Europe students fiocked 10
Halle 10 catch the inspiration of
Franke's spirit. Back TO all parts
of Europe was carried the idea of
the teachers seminary. Hecker. a
pupil OF FRANKIE. founded the first
seminary for primary teachers in
Prussia in 1875. In 174S he estab-
lished a similar school in Berlin.
The graduates of this school were
considered so far superior 10 un-
trained teachers that Frederic the
Great enjoined by special ordinance
that no others should be employed
on the crown lands of the kingdom.
Rousseau in France, Locke i'm Eng
land, Peztalozzi in switzerland and
Germany. Felbiger in Austria. and
Kindermann in Bohemia are among
the great missionaries who accepted
and glorified the teacher training
idea in Europe.
The teachers seminary for the
elementary schools was not LONG
divorced from the pattern or model
school. Both had sprung into eX-
istence from the same impulse. The
normal schools of both France and
Germany combined judiciousiy the
seminary and pattern school idea,
thus offering the study of a definite
body Of pedagogical thought in the
academic courses, and an opportun-
ity to illustrate, test, and originate
theories of education in the pat
tern" school, which thus became the
correlating center of the normal
school. The modern normal school,
with its training department con-
structed about the model, or prac-
tice school, is the finished product
of long, steady development.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07
BY y. l.. McBIien.

School Extension Agent. United
States Bureau os Education. De-
partment OF the Interior.
There are not many things new
under the sun. A mere glance at
past history shows that the normal
school is as old as the teaching
spirit We are reminded by Prof.
Searson Of the Kansas state college,
in his recent review of the subject
that the schools of philosophy in
Greece, the Hebrew schools of the
prophets, and the ecclesiastical and
catechetical schools OF the early
church are the remote antecedents
OF schools for the training Of teach
ers. Side by side with the ecclesi-
astical schools sprang up the great
medieval universities offering prac-
teal training in three different lines
law. medicine, and theology The
aspiring young advocate was trained
10 expound the law: the student of
medicine was fitted TO practice his
art; and the theological student uas
especially prepared TO teach the
dOgmas Of his creed.
That the training of teachers was
an integral part OF the system Of the
Jesuits, the order established by
Ignatius Loyola in 1922. is generally
recognized. The monastic superior
Of the province was compelled, in
the selection of teachers. 70 take
heed TO those who seem to be best
fitted for the place" and TO select
from among the most promising stu
dents "as many lifelong teachers as
possible" exhorting those especially
fitted 20 form a nursery" for the
preparation of teachers, under the
direction of trained professors.
Progress i'm Europe.
Meanwhile Luther, according 10
Prof. Searson's review, was laying
the foundation for a system of peda-
gOsiCal instruction in Germany. In
1851 the celebrated Able de la
Sale established a theological teach
ers' training school at Rheims,
France. a little later the pattern or
model school idea of Germany was
given new meaning when FRANKIE
breathed a new spirit into the Ger
man system. With the foundation
of the orphan house at Halle in
1896, and the schools connected
with il, arose the necessity for
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07
THREE EARS FOR ONE

How A. II. Humphrey took hold
of a rundown farm in Hendricks
county. Ind. and nearly tripled the
yield Of corn in eight years through
improved methods and fertilizers is
told in Up-to date Farming.
The farm had been at the mercy
Of cash renters 3 years. 1 started
with a three-year rotation, namely,
corn, wheat and clover. 1 cleaned
up every bit of manure and spread
it on a 20-acre field and planted to
corn. 1 gathered only about 80
bushels per acre. The next fall ]
sowed wheat in the standing corn
and next year harvested only eight
bushels per acre. The next winter
I hauled every available load OF
manure from the nearby town.
Il had been studying the fertilizer
proposition, and decided to use 200
pounds per acre of APPS fertilizer
on wheat which l sowed in the
standing corn that fall. Next year
/ harvested % bushels per acre on
20 acres. This yield gave me some
encouragement, and next year ]
used 200 pounds per acre Of the
same fertilizer on the corn
Il began to feed cattle and hogs
for market and when 1 did not feed
on the fields. 1 carefully saved and
applied the resultant manure The
soil has taken heart and seems TO dc
better every year. The clover and
manure furnish the nitrogen and
humus. and l buy the potash and
PHOSPHORUS in high-grade fertili-
Zers.
My average yield of corn for the
past five years has been IS bushels
per acre. and one crop in that time
yielded 90 bushels per acre. Ny av-
erage yield of wheat in the same
time has been 90 Is bushels per
acre. One field Of wheat last year
yielded 35 bushels per acre. I am
now striving for a yield Of 100 bu-
shells per acre Of corn and 80 bu-
shells per acre OF wheat, and I be-
lieve il can be done with a little
more humus, so that the crop will
not be affected so much, either by
floods or drouth"
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07

and some sections of Great Britain
are devoted entirely 10 this duck
rearing industry Quickness or
growth is an important factor in
respect to the profit gained. as the
young ducklings are heavy feeders.
As layers Aylesburys are cOnsid-
cred second to the Pekin, many fe-
males laying as many as $50 eggs
in a year IL is important to the
commercial duck grower that these
eggs be laid at the right season and
be fertile. For this reason he
matches his breeding ducks early
and mates a sufficient number OF
brakes with his flock TO insure fer
tility. Aylesbury breeding ducks
require some range and swimming
water 10 obtain best results.
Mature Aylesbury brakes weigh
nine TO 10 pounds, ducks eight TO
nine. and should have white plum
age, pale hesh-colored bill. light yell
low legs and carry the body horiz-
ontally.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07

amount of cream of tartar and salt
was an important commercial in
dustry. Cellars in the egg centers
were filled with long wooden tanks
containing the limewater solution.
Thousands of eggs we're picked.
They were washed with weak acid
water after removal from the solu-
ton to remove the coating of lime.
Most of these eggs have a ''limey'
flavor, and they do not equal wa
terglass eggs.
Systems of greasing eggs have
been introduced the past year tina;
resemble the third successful meth
cd of coating the eggs with vase
line Animal or vegetable lard COM
pounds. a mixture of cottonseed oil
and beeswax (melted and added 10
the oil 20 thicken it,. and even but
ter, arc rubbed over all the shell.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07
HANDLING A BLOW 0UT

A writer in the current issue OF
Farm and F'ireside gives the follow
ing directions 10 automobilists:
When a blowout takes place in
a rear tire. shut off the power and
bring the car 10 a stop very slowly.
If brakes must be used. apply them
gently.
Il am quite aware OF the custom
airy advice not 10 run the car on
Debated tire, but that is less injur-
ious for a distance Of seven or
eight rods than TO set the brakes
when the tire is fat and perhaps
drag il on the road when II Is In no
condition TO resist the strain
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07

treated the day laid and kept a pc
riod of eight months. Three of the
20 methods gave perfect results:
CD Eggs preserved i'm a solution
Of waterglass Cthe technical name
of waterglass is sodium silicate).
CD Eggs packed in a solution of
limewater.
CD Esgs coated with vaseline.
Numerous tests at experiments sta
tons, by housewives, md on a COM
mercial scale have demonstrated
that the immersion of fresh eggs in
solution of waterglass will unques-
tiOnably keep them in perfect con-
dition for the length of time de-
sired. This method is strongly rec
commended.
Before eggs were held in cold
storage, picking" eggs i'm a sat
urated solution of limewater. with
frequently the addition of a small
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07
STOP LEFT OVER COUGHS.

DR.. Bells Pine-Tar- Honey will
stop that hacking cough that fingers
from January. The soothing pine
balsams loosen the phlegm, heals
the irritate6 membrane, the glycer-
ire relieves the tender tissues. you
breathe easier and coughing ceases
Don't neglect a lingering cough. il
Is dangerous. DR.. Bells Pine-Tar-
Honey is antiseptic and pleasant "a
take. benefits young and ola. get il
at your druggist to-day. Formula
on the bottle CSC. Adv
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07
FARMERS, ATTENTION,

Why not buy your fencing by plae-
ing your orders here al home. and
take II from the car at cash prices
and get the Peerless wire fencing.
10 wire. a. inches high. Is stays 20
the rod. all No. in wire 55C per
rod Geo. W Mnliken. Home phone
1881, or ID. L. Cllery & Son. Home
phone 1852. Bell phone 13o3.-Adv.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07
LOOK HERE.

Come and look al my house az 762
Portage Avenue. Door open all day
Sunday Both phones c. T. smith
AdYL
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07

Potatoes for seed. 1000 bushels.
early and late The Wesley Miller
Flour and Feed Co. Adv.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07

All breeds OF domestic poultry
originated from the jungle fowl Of
India, which years two broods Of
chicks in the early months Of the
year. BY systematic breeding the
annual production of eggs has been
Increased from 81 eggs for the wild
jungle fowl, 10 314 eggs for the Les
norm hen holding the worlds rec
ord. But the instinct of the jungle
fowl 20 lay its eggs and rear its
young during the spring months.
and 10 be productive the re-
mainder of the year. has not been
entirely suppressed.
Hens are laying freely al the
present time and the price OF fresh
eggs is below the average. Next
winter the majority Of hens will
again be non productive. and. III
forecasts are OF value, the sellinS
prices OF fresh and storage eggs will
be higher than ever Individuals
and companies are buying up fresh
eggs and placing them i'm cold stor-
axe. Close 10 a hundred million
dollars worth OF eggs viii be stored,
and the better grades of these eggs
VIII later supply the enormous de-
Tnand for table and cooking eggs
,,hen the fresh product is scarce.
10 is unnecessary for the owner
OF a flock of laying hens 10 suffer "A
shortage OF eggs next winter 1t is
not only possible for every house
wife TO keep a supply OF preserved
eggs on hand. but. when the prices
OF all fOOdstuffs, and particularly
meats. are continually rising, the
preserving OF eggs at home IS n
GOOD way TO reduce the high cost
of living This work should he un-
derstood and practiced in every
household.
Three Successful Prosecutions.
some years ago an experiment was
conducted 10 determine which of 20
methods Of preserving eggs was the
most satisfactory. The eggs were
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07
An Ex-Governor and Journalist Said:

e
o is
is
fitted right Encyclopedia FRY
-
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07
EGGS WHILE
PLENTIFUL FOR NEXT WINTEI
Method Is as Simple as Pre-
serving Fruit and Success Is
Virtually Assured Cost of
the PTeS6Tg7tipe is Small and
Containers May Be Used
Many Times.
BY FRANK {. HARE
Poultry Husbandman, Clemson Col
Lcgc, South Carolina.

For centuries industrious house
wives have preserved small fruits
and vegetables for winter use Ev-
cry year storeTooms are filled with
rows or glass jars, whose contents
add new relish TO the winters bill
Of fare. There is no reason why
fresh eggs should not be similarly
preserved. II is simpler work and
less expensive than preserving fruit,
as will be noted by the few rules
in the following article:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07
THOMAS NELSON & SONS

Publishers since f19s. Bible. HSmnal~ e
Prayer Books.
Dept. sol. Fourth Ave. New York Cit,
- Wellington ~. West Toronto Canada.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-07
A Great Editor Recently Said to Me:

Okeo believe that newspapers England
publication possible exception MoeyS
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-10
co.
MORE HOPEFUL
May Not BE Necessary To Cut
on Power Plants, But Great
Economy Is Urged

According TO an announcement
made Saturday morning by Alex.
Dow. president OF the Detroit Ed.
son company. tho electric current
supplied by that company for pow
or will not be shut OF before Tues
day night. After that there IL no
telling what might happen.
Mr.. Dow said Saturday morning
that he had caused an inventory OF
the fuel owned by the company TO
be made and that he figured there
was . SUFFICIENT supply on hand TO
justify the statement that his
earlier warning that he might be
forced 20 turn OF the power on
Monday was capable OF being re-
vised.
II the coal continues 20 arrive as
rapidly as II In needed IL will not
be necessary for the Edison com
pany TO cut OF the Juice" but IL is
necessary for every user OF cleo
tricity TO economic as much as
possible In order that the current
absolutely necessary may be kept
going.
Mr.. Dow suggests that one great
saving could be made in the illum-
mated advertising signs. lie urges
all of the patrons OF the company
to inform the storekeepers with
whom they trade that they would
buy Just az much II the bridesmaids
electric sign was dark for the time
being.
The turning on OF great num-
Der OF display signs would be felt
ut once in the furnace rooms Of the
lighting company and less fuel
would be required Mr.. Dow says
that he will only discontinue the
lighting of homes az last resort.
but even that drastic step may be-
come necessary II the customers
do NOT economic wherever pos
sible.
The company declares that II
will try 10 keep the public informed
OF the danger from time 20 time
and will hope that II can give three
days notice before IL actually shuts
down Mr.. Dow says be hopes II
will not be- necessary TO close the
plant. but It all depends upon the
fuel supply II II does become
necessary 10 curtail the consump-
ton OF electricity, the power will
be cut on first TO those who use II
for display purposes. then will come
the power and finally, the current
for the illumination of the homes.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-10
MOrtuary

BowEN-Fcbruary 3. 1917. at his
residence. sac Brooklyn VIII
lam ~. beloved husband OF Mar
gnret NJ. and SON 81 the late
Michael and Margaret Bowen. Flu
nrral Monday. February 2. from
the r. Blako's Sons chapel. % Pc
terhoro-st.. at $50 and 20. Alloy
siu- church at o'clock. Burial
private.
COOPER FLOWER - AZ Daytons.
beloved wife Of Judge s +. Cooper.
OF Ironwood. Mich. end daughter
OF the late Thomas Flower. Mo-
tice OF funeral hereafter. IRON
wood papers please copy,
rABER-Februsry ., entered into
eternal rest AZ ~ residence. 10
Oreson-ave.. Mamie (noe Bcrnsee).
aged ~ years. dearly beloved wife
OF George I. FRber. darling mother
OF Edna. Stanley. George. Vera.
Doris; daughter Of MIRA Catherine
gan and Mrs L. ,r,arrey Funeral
Monday. 9.s0 n. q.
o'BRrEN-Mrs NJ. r. wife Of W p.
OBrien. president Of the Detroit
Life Insurance company. suddenly
Mt her home. 7ss Putnam-ave.
Friday.
TrBBrrs-Fehruary g. Theresa D.,
mother Of Karl - Tibhits and
grandmother OF Duane. Hazel. Ar
temus. Norwood. died az her sons
home In Pennington. Funeral sun
day at fio Eastern time. At the
farm.
TRupsM .. at her resi-
denee. Woodward and West Jener-
son-aves.. Ecorse. Grace. beloved
Funeral from residence Monday at
10 n NJ.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-10
Us. HAS TRUMP
| IN new TORPEDO
Weapon Will Detect and Attack
Enemy Ships Miles
Away

PITTSBURGH. Pa, Feb. l0.--A
torpedo that can detect and single
but an enemy craft. release itself
Ind at speed OF 90 miles an hour
Push TO attack II. IL one OF the
fsurprise" weapons In the hands OF
The United States government to-
Jay. according 10 Montrayille Wood.
|'hicago scientist and inventor.
Mood declared in lecture here
hat he has turned over TO the gov
(rnment such n defensive weapon.
together with another invention
which will Immunize ships OF the
home fleets 10 attack by his torpedo
pr anything similar 10 II.
1T Is really a torpedo with ears
Ind a brain" he said The ears
york on the same principle as hui
man ears. They detect an enemy
Ehip nj q distance OF 10 miles and
kt a distance OF / IL miles they
Zip from their anchors and rush
10 attack
"rhe brain" be said. Il cannot
ell you so much about. That Is
ny little secret"
Wood, who invented the detecta.
phone. also told OF a wireless-con-
rolled aeroplane being tried by the
government. II carries no aviator.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-10
BUDGET TOTAL
lis S44,o30,8S
chool Estimates, Submitted
Three Days Late. Are
Sl1,9S3,772

The total OF all department, esti-
hates. the last OF which were re-
eived by Controller Engel Saturday
norning. "a SO, 03o. ss2.3s. moro than
e. 10000 In excess OF the highest
uesses that had been made by city
metals who have been observing the
estimates closely as they were nIed.
Moro than si.00O.000 OF this ex-
ess II laid TO the school board esti-
nate. which arrived four days late.
h asks appropriations OF sil.ess..
II2.l1. whereas II was originally un-
)erstooi that the board or oduca-
ions, requests would not exceed
5l0.5o0, 900.
The police estimate now Ia e..
|00. 672.9t. nearly a half million dol
t.rs more than the early estimate
This estimate was three days late
IRVING az the controllers once.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-10
SOLDIERS KILLED
IN RAILROAD
CROSSING SMASH

EL PASO, Tex. Feb. io.-Sergt.
1<arl Eisenhart OF Company X. Fifth
Ohio Infantry of Cleveland. and
Private Charles Easton. OF Cbn-
|neaut. Company l.. Of the same
regiment. were killed las, evening
when an army truck in which they
were riding was struck AT a grade
crossing here by the Golden state
Limited train from Chicago.
Privates Rudolph Smith OF Com
|pany X and Dan T. Toomey Of Com
|pany L. Fifth Ohio. were seriously
Injured.
Others slightly injured we're Pri-
waite a. J Roehl. Private II. J. Clark
and Private Daniel Dingweli. Com
|pany X. OF Cleveland. and Private
Dan Ray. Private Floyd Rugar and
Private Grant Rood Of Company l.
from Conneaut. Ohio.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-10
IRIS. HUGHSON
SPEAKS ON DUTY
OF MOTHERS

Mrs. Augusta Hughson. who rep
fesents the National Association for
Woman Suffrage. addressed the
)cqual Suffrage league in Hotel Stat
! r Friday afternoon. She put the
blame for q whole lot OF the wick
Fdness in the world on the women.
She declared that IL was true that
|woman's place IL In her home. but
home. she said. in this case. was
wider than the four walls OF her
house and included the whole COM
|munlty She insisted that II was
hecessary for the mother 10 follow
her children out into the world and
that her responsibility did not end
when the front door closed on her
Daughter.
Mrs. Hughson drew attention TO
(he fact that men protect their
business with their votes. but the
big business OF being n mother is
)eft unprotected. For that reason.
khe said. women needed the ballot
10 bring about improvements Ia so
tial conditions.
The organization which Mrs.
Hughson represents has worked for
years TO get constitutional amend
|ment for woman suffrage She be-
ieves that such an amendment il
bnly a question OF time. but aftcS
its adoption n Will be necessary
10 have two-thirds OF the legisla-
lures OF the states ratify II. The
women arc now organizing to work
with tho legislatures 10 the end
hat they will ratify such an amend.
pnent.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-10
LAWYER VOTE
IS NOT HEAVY
Bar Association Members Reg.
lister Preference For Judi
cial Candidates

AAout $50 members OF the Detrot
BaI association bad registered their
preferences for Judges OF the Wayne
circuit and recorders court. by noon
Saturday. In the associations pri-
mary election. held on the third floor
CT the county building.
Six judges are to be elected. and
tho no Official statements were given
cut. general indications were that
the bulk Of the lawyer vote was be-
ing cast for the present Judges. who
are candidates ior reelection.
Much comment Was aroused
among the lawyers because OF the
fact that the name OF one OF the Re.
publican candidates, Justice OF
PeaAe Fred r. De Cav. was printed
In type heavier than that which
displayed other names on the bal
lot. Members OF the association de
olarad that this was due TO an error
On the part OF the printer.
There are approximately 1900
lawyers in Detroit. hut the bar asso.
citation primary usually carries much
weight among the entire legal fra
ternity.
The election IL free from am OF
the plugging that attends The city.
wide balloting The LAWYERS merely
stepped from the elevator, got their
thanks. marked them in secret and
then dropped them In the box. II
Is considered improbable that more
than $50 votes Will be- cast
The names OF Prosecuting Attor-
rey Charles r. Jasnowbh and Eu-
gene l. Mistersky ere the only ones
which appear as Republican candi-
dates for recorder Charles A.
Wilkins Is the Democratic aspirant.
Tor associate recorder. Assistant
Prosecutor Harry y Keidan and
Robert ". Toms. a former assistant
PROSECUTOR. are the Republican candi-
oates. Judge Edward ]. Jeffries, tho
present associate recorder. Is with.
cut opposition on the Republican
ticket
Following Is tho list OF candidates
OF both parties for circuit Judge:
Repubilcan-Fra D. Andrua.
George T.. Codd Thomas A Conlon.
Allan Cox. Harry !. DinE"man. Jos
eph w Donovan. Ira ". Jayne. Hen
rs A. Mandeil John r Moloney. Paul
" MOODY Henry - Nlcol. George p
Palmer. Philip r Van Itles clyde I.
Webster. Fred 4. pe CAV
y Democratic--Johu Faust. Henry G.
T.. Forlcr Edward 8 Greece. y. J.
VI IIally. George 8. Hosmer. Alfred
!. Murphy.
The following attorneys were ia
charge OF the ballotIng: n. &.
Dorsnd. Ernest A. O'Brien and Stew
art Griswold.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-10
Children Give Dancing Exhibition.

Children Give Dancing Exhibition.
Theodore ]. Smith with Miss
Alsta Shekeil and other pupils of
Mr.. Smith gave an exhibition OF
classical and aesthetic dances in
the Grinnell Bros. Victrola recital
hall. on Friday afternoon. The 25
numbers featured all the modern
and many original dances, all OF
which were performed in costume
by dainty misses with artistic pre-
cision and grace. The next free re-
citai In this series will he given
at the same place. next Tuesday
afternoon. Bert Milan. violin solo
list. with Howard NJ. Miner. plan
ola" soloist. will render number
OF famous selections.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-10
Odds and Ends

CHICAGO-Cafeteria haeitues
and patrons OF the "onearn joint"
are panic.stricken. owners de-
clare they will close shop II the city
passes the enclosed receptacle" or
dinance.
CHlCAGO-Kissing and hugging
cannot be considered "a "contribu-
tory to delinquency" Judge Fisher
OF the morals court ruled when
Julia Carlson. ~. sought 10 prose
cute Ruben stern.