Norwich bulletin., 1917-04-03
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

number of languages spoken. It would require the keen Hneuist Max tongues into dialects. The re- ligions of this heterogeneous humarf- ty may be headed as follows: Greek church 90,00e,0u9; Catholics, 10000 0s9; ProtesJants, 4.0eO, 900; other Chris fiAus. 1,20U.0 900; Mohammedans I4,- 900, 200; Hebrews, 5000, 900; Budhfsts PagAns, Gypsfes, Shintoists, Confu- clans. etc, some a0D0,0O0.
 The Greek church, as 1t is called is the State church, of which the Tsar Hierarchy with ecclesiastical preroga- tIveS. but unspirftual, and therefore arbitrary and cruel towards those who differ from its teachings Anno Domi- unit everywhere with bishops in cen- traI parts. The two great centres were Rome and Constantinople. These both assuming to be the head of the church. oceanic in time rivals. The friction was completed when the Coun- ell of Chalcedon 45I exalted the Patri- arch of Constantinople to be The Su- preme Head. The Roman Legates protested against this canon. This was the beginning of the separation which after mnay years of contro- versy, was confirmed by the Bishop of Rome. Felix III excommunicating the eastern branch of the Christian church. Future efforts might have reconciled the two branches. but for the fierce and long controversy over the Fflioque a. latin phrase meaning From the Son." Up to the fifth cen tury the standard creed said, we be- lieve in the Holy Ghost who pro- ceedeth from the Father, but when the Pope sanctioned in 1o14 the words
 and from the SOW, to be added to the former phrase in the Nicene Creed. the Eastern church objected, and the breach has remained to this day.
 The Patriarch of Constantinople is not now the head of the Greek church in Russia. but only over a section of Asia The Greek church in Russia is governed by a Holy Synod" tffe same as in Greece. This is composed of all the bishops in Russia, with the Tsar (before his dethronement) as the head. the King is the Spiritual Head of the State church. The doctrinaI difference besides that on the Felioque are con- siderable. in wording at least. The of the Pope, and of the word Purga- tory. although they believe in a pur- gation after death, baptism is of in- fants, but by triple immersion, dipping the babe three time, in the name of the Father. of the Son and of the Holy Ghost Thus retaining the original word Bapto, which always and every where means only to dip. Confrma- tion is given with the baptism. even to infants. They teach transSubstanti- ation and the adoration of the Host, but they give both bread zhd wine to communicants, even to children, using leavened bread. Priests and deacons are allowed to marry, before ordina- ton. but bishops must be calculates, so are selected from Monastic orders. Neither man nor woman are allowed to marry a second time. Prayers to the Virgin Mary and to Saints are common. and while pictures are com mon. images are not allowed, except that of the cross, but that must not have the Saviour carved on it. Instru- mental music is not allowed in churches, but vocal music by male voices only, is developed to a wonder full degree. The choral music by the choir of the New York Russian church is the most wonderful in the land People pray standing facing the East. and kneel only at Pentecost. The Mo- nastic orders Of both sexes abound where the rule of St. Basil is follow ed. never eat meat, and poverty, chas- tity and obedience are imposed on all.
 HENRY FRANCIS ADAMS
 New London, March 2e, 1917.