South Bend news-times., 1917-09-14
Lesson No. 20.
WARFARE IN EUROPE.


Honor =. Making Good as a
Soldier. g. Nine Soldierly Quail
ties 4 GettinS Ready for camp.
3. First pays in Camp. 8. Clean
Illness in Camp. e. Your Health.
s. Marching and Care OF Feet o.
Your Equipment and Arms To-
Recreation ia Camp. H. Playing
the Game l. Team Work i'm
the ARMY J.. Gr0upinS men ir-
20 Teams "a. The Team Lead
Is. Ffzhtirg Arms OF the
Service IS. staff Branches OF
Of the Services-L T.. Stan
Branches Of the Serv1- cell. Is.
Army Insignia. 49, The Army
System of Training 20 close
order Drlu 21 Extended Order
Drill D. Guard Duty 2a. Get
rinE Ahead IN the Army sf.
Army Courtesy 25. Discipline
and Respect for the Colors. ~.
Some National Ira litions -
The spirit of the Service. 2,.
Why We Fignt)
In previous sections of this
course army life and service have
been described without special re-
erence 20 the changes brought
about BY the present war. There
are important changes, and
methods Of trainu- and of dght-
ing used in previous wars must. OF
course. be TnOdihcd accordingly
The extent OF these changes.
however. IS often exaggerated. At
bottom the qualities that make a
-ood soldier OF an efficient army
remain the same today that they
Nere before the war The changes
tndt affect the individual soldier
nave 10 do chiefly with weapons.
But behind every weapon there
Is man II the Weapon is 10 be
used effectively. the man must be
well trained. disciplined. cool and
brave He must have spirit. tenaci-
~, and seIf-reliance. The big
problem now. just as in all other
wars. is 20 develop these qualities
and the other soldierly qualities
Ito their highest extent. The
chief difference probably comes in
the fact that self-relianCe is big
ger factor than IN most previous
wars. And in American armies
This quality has always been high-
IS valued and well developed
This brief lesson can not. of
course. enter into a discussion of
technical questions which belong in
the deld Of Military science. 1t
viii simply point out few of the
striking features Of direct interest TO
3,
Character of Present War.
This war differs from previous
wars CHIEFLY in the enormous in
crease in the use of artillery. This
is due partly TO the immense
manufacturing resources of the
countries at war. which enables
them 10 produce great mum bers Of
guns and great quantities of am
munition IL is due also To the
new methods OF directing gun fire
from air planes. IL rs evident that
a gun can not be accurately aimed
at an object the exact location Cf
- hich is unknown. The airplane.
however, is able 10 bring back or
signal back this information. so
that the artillery may now he used
with much greater effect. The size
of the guns and the force of the
explosive shells nred from them
have also been largely increased
Partly as a result of these ipi-
rrovements i'm artillery. il has been
necessary 10 develop better methods
Of protection The protection OF
troops consists of digging stronger
entertainments than have been
necessary in previous wars. Here
we have the main reason for the
so-calIed trench warfare" which
durin. the last three years raS
largely taken the place of former
methods of moving armies about
Freely until they came into con-
flict with each other. Digging
trenches and throring up breast
works Cor protection against the
enemy's FIRE Is, OF course. not a
new thing In warfare. II is Oeing
done in Europe, however. on
much bigger scale than ever before.
A complicated network Of trenches
now protects the men on both
sides The spade has become one
or the soldiers best weapons of de
feEse.
In seeking protection against
heavy artillery fire a very interest
ing development has taken place.
This is the use OF various devices
for concealing field guns and troops
from the view OF enemy airplanes.