Evening star., 1917-03-11

armies remained in the United States
One of them. Hessian officer. was the
great-grandfather of Gen. George A.
Custer. the cavalry leader and Indian
fighter.
Germans in considerable numbers
emigrated to America while George
Washington was President. The Har-
monists settled later in Pennsylvania
were communists. They built villages.
and the Zoarites were among the ear
liest manufacturers of pig iron and
woolens west of the Allegheny noun
tains. Germans began settling in Gin
cinnati about the year 1925
A lawyer in that city. Nicholas Long
worth, great-grandfather of the hus-
band of Col. Roosevelt's elder daugh-
ter, taking land for fees and desiring
to employ it in the most profitable way.
planted 200 acres in grapes. The cli-
mate and soil, he thought. were suit
able for vineyards. Circulars. which
he sent to Germany and had distributed
along the Rhine, brought many Ger
mans to Cincinnati. Longworth met
the newcomers at the river bank. found
them homes and work, and put some of
them to making wine. But neither
the soil nor the climate was adapted
gan brewing beer. They built large
breweries and energetically engaged in
other lines of business To this day
Cincinnati is called a German -Ameri-
characteristically American as Boston,
Charleston or Denver.
During the decade ending with 1870
more than 100000 Germans emigrated to
the United States. They found homes.
for most part. in Ohio Indiana and Mis-
souri,. Whole counties, in some instances,
were settled by them, and in many re-
nat fa1 h11fn
bakers, tailors, druggists, brewers and
truck gardeners
Soon ships began coming to Castle Car
den loaded with German and Prussian
patriots. So began the emigration of
1S4S. Between 1870 and 1860. from Ger
many alone, 1.333.000 men. women and
children found security and opportunity
in the United States.
German immigrants until the year
1S4S, were farmers and artisans, in the
main. After that. hundreds of lawyers,
physicians, writer's, teachers and ac-
countants arrived at Castle Garden and
the ports of Philadelphia and Balti-
more. They settled in the German com
munities of the central west and be-
came leaders of their people. Among
the Men of 1S4S" who gained greatly
August Willich. Franz Sigel, Friedrich
K. F. Hecker, Louis Blenker and carr
SchurZ. all of whom, going to Baden,
joined the German rebels. Wlllich had
been captain in the Prusslan army:
On his escape to England he learned
the carpenters trade. After his arrival
in the United States he worked as a
carpenter at the Brooklyn navy yard.
In 1858 he was an editor of German
newspaper in Cincinnati. At the first
call for troops, in 1861, he enlisted.
with a host of other Germans The 9th
Infantry Regiment Ohio Volunteers, as
1t was known, 1900 strong, composed
entirely of Germans, was raised in
da1y
ma jors.
The 9Th Ohio, famous throughout the
civil war, and the 32d Indiana were
typical German regiments. The Sth New
York Infantry, Louis Blenker, colonel,
was another representative German
regiment, and at the first battle or
Bull Run, when the Union army was
retreating wildly toward washington,
the sth kept back the Confederates IN
a prolonged rear guard engagement
DR.. Benjamin A. Gould. the eminent
astronomer, who was in charge of the
statistics of the United States sanitary
commission. found that lSI.s5s Ger
mans served in the Federal army-36,-
$50 from New York. 30,S99 from Mis-
souri,, 20,102 from Ohio. 1910 from
Illinois. 17.20S from Pennsylvania, To-
500 from Wisconsin. 1880 from Indiana
and SO on. Many thousand of these
soldiers fought unit Sigel' or with
Schurz in the great battles of the civil
war. The SD Regiment of New york
Infantry. organized on. Staten island, In
1861, was mustered out in 1865. From
first to last the names of $500 men mad
been on it's rolls. Only 200 veterans
lived to return to their homes. Thirty
four of this regiments officers were
killed or disabled.
There were Germans. too. in the Con-
federate army. Col. Heros Won Borcke,
a Prussian soldier of fortune. was Gen.
J. E. B. Stuart's chief of staff. German
companies and German batteries went
into the Confederate service from north
Carolina South Carolina, Louisiana,
Georgia, Virginia, Texas and Alabama.
Copyright. 1917. by James B. Morrowl