davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-23
GRAIN GOSSIP

Chicago: Tightening of food conserva- tion plans overhangs the market. Over 00O0 hotels and restaurants in Illinois will commence one meatless and one wheatless day per week. The fancy $l.5U to $l90 prices for cash corn are now in their last stages Tredwell Is out with strong belief that January provisions are low enough, but he ignores the fact that prior to last January hogs above 10 cents were considered impossible. TO match current corn crop estimates and prices, hogs should drop to 10 or Il centS.-Wagner.
 Thomson McKinnon: We believe trend of market win be downward for 2 Tow days.
 Ware & Leland: Reports continue to come of freer offerings of new corn.
 Corn has been strong, but the volume of business has been light this morning. Oats strong, with bids around 2 cents above December Good shipping de- mand. The liberty bond issue Is the big Acknowledgment.
 B. F. Co buying May oats. Locals are short There is some commission house selling in May corn, while December of- ferings are very light. Comstock Sco- vile and traders bought a little Decem- Der. Trade extremely small.-Babcock.
 Very light trade in corn Commission houses on both sides i'll a small way. Armour and northwest houses bought oats Offerings and trade small.--Bab cock
 Clement, Curtis and Wagner selling December corn.--Winters
 Pit traders bought corn offerings small.
 The corn market is higher on rally in provisions, arrival of snow In northern belt, firm prices for October corn ana reports that new corn drying slowly. The rumor that Hoover is to issue new remarks on corn and oats not confirmed. No Eews.-Wagner.
 Buige in corn due In part to gossip that it will be three or four weeks be- fore and large quantity of corn is ready for the market in Illinois and Iowa Wild.
 Four inches snow in Duluth.
 Board of trade will close at noon on Wednesday.-G. R.
 Board of trade directors have voted to adjourn at noon Wednesday, Octo- Der 24. account of liberty loan day The grain trade is bearish on May corn, taking most of the pit clement ana many of the local professionals. Some are talking s1 The disposition is to trade exclusively in May. A great deal Of selling o. oats by some of the largest houses was on Saturday and it was diff ficult for those to watch the trading to tell where the oats went.-Herald.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-23
Hides and Tallow

Green Salt IIides-1S@19c. Half Cured-17@18c. Green Hides-16@17c. Dry Flint Hides-37@3Sc. Dry Salt Hides-SS035c. Damaged Hides-Half price. Sheepskins-25c@$1.2 Horse Hides-S2@5. Ginseng-$7QS. Colt Skins-25@60c. Sherlings-25@35c. Goat Skins-40@50c. Hog Skins-10@15c. Beeswax-2S@30c. Tallow-12@13c. Washed Wool-65@75c. Clear Unwashed Wool-50Q65c. Bury Wooi-30@35c.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-23
Produce Market


 New York, October 22.-Butter, firm; receipts, 69S6 Creamery. higher than extras, 44A e @45c; creamery extras. 92 score, 43& @44c; firsts, 42A O 43 hc. Eggs, irregular; receipts, 6610; fresh gathered extras, 45@42c; extra firsts, 43@441Ac; firsts, 40@42c. Cheese. un- settled; receipts, 1864; state fresh spe- cials, 24@241ac; fresh specials, average run 23@231ac. Poultry. dressed, dull; chickens, 21 c 35c; fowls, 20&29c; tur- keys, 24@37c Live poultry. unset tied; chickens, 19@20c;; fowls, 1S@ zoe; no turkeys quoted.
 Chicago, October 22.-Butter, steady; creamery, 3s@42c. Eggs, easier; re- ceipts, 56S9 cases; frsts, 36@37c; ordi- nary firsts, 35h &36c; at mark. cases included, 36@37c.. Potatoes, higher; receipts 75 cars. Wisconsin, Michigan and Minnesota bulk. s1.25@1.S5; do sacks, s1.35@14o Poultry alive, low CT; fowls. 14@17c; springs. 17hc.
 St. Louis, October 22.-Poultry, hens, 1Sc; springs, 17hc; turkeys, 26c; ducks. 1Sc; geese, 17c. Butter. creamery. 4Sc.
 Kansas City, October 22.-Butter, creamery, 40c; firsts, 3S1ac; seconds, 37kc; packing, 35c. Eggs, firsts. 36hc; seconds. 29c; poultry, seconds, 1sc; roosters, 14hc; broilers, 1sc.
 Cotton Seed Oil
 New York, October 22.-The cotton seed oil market closed steady; spot and Oc- tober, 19c; December, 17.40c; January, 7.25c; March, r 15c; May, IT. Total sales 40O0.
 Washington, October 22.-Cotton seed during the two months period ending September 3o received at mills was 574,- nE ~af hand September 90, 351, ,599 tons the cen- sus bureau today announced.
 Crude oil produced was 75.108913 pounds and on hand September 30, 4e,06S,2
 Refined oil produced was e,0o0, 761 pounds and on hand 113,7731T.
 Cake and meal produced was 123, 431 tons and on hand 92,125.
 Linters produced was 65,5l2 50o-pound bales, and on hand 12S,595.
 oil imported was 1770,S65 pounds, and exported 8,007,414 pounds. Cake and meal exported was 251s tons, and linters 62,844 running bales
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-23
Fish

Perch--10c.
 Salt Water Trout-15c. Red Snapper-15c Gray Snapper-111sc. Mullett-715c. Spanish Mackerel-171ac. Virginia Croaker-Sc. Maryland Oysters-$2.30 gal.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-23
Cotton Seed Oil

New York. October 22.-The cotton seed oil market closed steady; spot and Oc- tober, 19c; December, 17.40c; January, 7.25c; March, r 15c; May, IT. Total sales 1000.
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19

furrow or stakes, IL will save much
time when IL is desired to begin lay
ing tiles.
Any drainage system should be
planned with reference both 10 the
work ii is TO perform and TO its future
maintenance. Expense should not De
spared in securing accurate data on
which TO base the plan.
1t is well TO maintain the shallow
open-ditch system. In use before the
tile are laid. These surface-drains as
sist In quickly clearing the land Of
water from heavy rains, in amounts
for which Ii would not be economical
10 provide tile OF sufficient size to do
thu work so quickly. In Minnesota,
spring floods are often carried off 0y
the surface drains before the frost is
out sufficiently to permit tile-drains
TO work. Time spent In opening sur
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19

In the case OF the state farm referred
to: and the management feels that
they fully justify the cost OF the Inn
proyement, without considering the
value OF the land reclaimed.
The planning OF a drainage system
should be done with the same careful
ness that Is bestowed on other Inn
proSements, When a large building is
To be constructed. an architect Is con
suited, plans are carefully drawn, all
the details ure looked into, and mate
rial il selected which viii be suitable
for The location, the climate and the
purpose for which the building should
be used. During It's construction, in
~pectors see that the details are car
riesi out and the requirements OF the
specifications enforced. regardless Of
the fact that the contractor may be
losing money and cheaper muterfuIs
might be- used, Eut In drainage en-.
trrprises. the evidences ~ snch care
are too often painfully lacking. even
though the cost be nS great or greater
than that 81 u large building In
many eases nn engineer Is employed
tu stake out Il drain on a route which
has bseu selected only because Il X
| supposed 10 be-" the best one. No
examination l. made for another route
or outlet. the AREA 81 the watershed
/ Is uos measured As result. the
| sire 81 the ditch is determined by "A
| mere guess. Time may devotion the
| fact that tAs besT ruutp WIS NOT -
.erfrd and that the ditch Wa~ too large
az tso small oad consequently does
not perform sba work satisfactorily. 4
4ltgh. being improperly located. either
doses uat d9H all the tuud Il should
ar Il Is expensive to raH~true, and
WalniA.H ,tue that is fau large viii
nut civau tts@f properly. While on,
faar i. too >aHlI viii nal carry r.
lqulryd volume 81 water.
/ draiaasv system. ap,n 90 under,
ground. works af gravity. aud that II
may Remove the water there must ~
ia sBf.clsaF ati. that Is. sufficient
sud continuous descent, from a level
ssgsrH ha tewes SHAN The loves natnf
un thr land IA he drained. ta the faasal
aasrs ite waiter d. discharged rrsu
the outlet Il Is a comnou lraeffct fa
start a drHiaags 4fryb from IA slough
( AT practically the >ame depth as tbe
sottom of the slough Such ~arafe.
age" will not give Satisfaction as fhr
/ Eraauj-wHfef will nat De- loa erred agl
ths b.st ~ the slough at3l continue IA
Dee ~WHWpN For satisfactory drain.
age, the WHtcr-channel must b. deem
enough Ia the lowest land aud u SUI
aeicnt breadth and depth. 10 carry tn,
water without au overflow.
| pltch-coustruction. ike carpentry az
masonry, g. business In its,,lf. and
for satisfactory results. contract,
should be bet in similar manner. Tn,
bidders competence. as shown In nj,
record In connection with similar uu
dertakings, should he taken into con
~ideratlou as well as the size OF al.
bid.
= bitches are usually dug in soil IN,
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19

A FARM PROFITABLY TILED.
on this so-acre field three systems OF
tile drainage were necessary. This
shows the advantage with which two
neiehbors can cooperate in putting
in a line of tile. An obstacle so
trivial as a line fence should not be
permitted to prevent economical
drainage. The owner of this land
says that tile pays for itself every
year and that 5000 expended on tile
has raised the value of the 30 acres
$1,000.
face-drains is not, therefore, lost, even
when 1t is intended to later introduce
an undertakings system.
The individual farmer with small
means should first select the area the
thing of which will drain the most
land at the least expense. In a rolling
country, where sufficient fall can be
had fol outlets near the surface, or
without expensive open bitches, small
tiles can be used around the sides of
drainage areas outletting on a hillside
or at the edge of a slough. This
method often improves large tracts at
small cost, and as the improved lands
increase In productiveness, funds will
be supplied by which the tile lines
can be extended, connected, and the
expensive mains finally put In. This
method has been used In many of the
best tiled countries. In some instances
1t has been twenty years from the lay
Ing of the first laterals to the compile
ton of the last main.
Immediately after construction, pro.
vision should be made for annual
maintenance. A drainage improve
ment, properly carried out and main
tained. will add its initial cost to the
value of the land and pay dividend
on the original Investment.
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19

Nc Enay b. justly held chargeable with
their share 10 the cost Of Improve
nlents. the facts do not justify the In
gerpncs that the state should Gay IL
ell. The correct idea, IN raising funds
for drainage works Is that the acre
more directly benefited is the acre 10
pay the expense.
Aiany landowners viii oppose a
drainage Improvement for the reason
that the ditch will. In part, bee located
on their land. They aill do this even
IN the face Of the fact that from one
fourth to three- fourths of their land
because IL In too wet. produces only
bout half Of What II should, In the
ordinary year. They actually prefer
20 stand the yearly less Of half crop
or more. rather than allow one tiftieih
81 one-eighiisih part Of this wet land
10 be occupied by ditch which would
81 thoroughly drnfn the Whole tract
that II could be cultivated ~ 10 the
banks Vt the ditch.
The benefits arcrutug tram drainage
are asll Illustrated Ia the Improve
uent Of a small farm 81 12-sp acres,
recently purchased hy the state ~ Min,
neaslta. Six hundred aud fifteen dol
lars we're spant Ia draining this farm
| The land had heen holtEht By the state
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19

fyr the specific parpsf@~ 81 ruitivu-
uao The - - asras eysf s. tss3 a.
oHf 81 thfs arca there sHz us,-j Ter
highway purposes four u.res 8an-
productive land Ia =iaHEhs nvr asFts-
gyn acres producing hair q crop eqaaI
iu n8o pf,-iue4sv land, e. hse agr,ss az
q total uf IA nou-tlllable aeres. This
lsft a tiIuble nreg ot 20 acres. Gust
Ing the state Si-aT2 per acre \ sys.
TEN 80 undertaking Was introduced.
rs which the fise acrrs ~ non pruduc.
i've land In sloughz, and the ten acres
Nhlch produced half a crop. are made
Equal In productive qualities 20 the
same area of the other tlllahle land.
The total cultivublc AREA Is thus tn
creased from 80 TO ~ acres, The re-
turn 10 the farm. then, Is Si.2pT-20 At
. cost Of S6la, or net gain Of So
In other words ten additional acres
sAve been added to the farm at a
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19
BEAVER AN EXPERT WORKER
Little Animal EScels Lumber Jacks as
Trse-Fellers and Is a Prize
Dam Builder.

The most expert lumber jack is tn
ferior to the beaver rs "a tree-feIlrr. He
cuts down trees ln the most scientific
WAY. lie can fen "a tree 80 IT will fall
toward the pond where he wishes to
construct his home thus saving him
self unnecessary work.
After the trees are felled the con
structiuu work begins lie works chief
Is 10y Gh' fer he s "A nocturnal prov
Ter. The moon Is his lantern. the
quiet ot the night his inspiration. his
sharp teeth are hts Ratchet aud chiSel
and his little paws are his meaus of
eouveyanee. his spade his hammer an &
his troWel His hard fiat hairless
and scaIy tail Is propeller when
swimming and balance whom he i
cutting timber for he stands on his
hind legs while EnawinE down trees.
The beaver Is "a strict vegetarian
and his diet consists chiefly Of harks
tender shoots and water plants. The
trees which furnish the bark he most
likes are the cottonwood. poplar. elm.
willow. birch, aspen and boxelder. The
bark OF the oak, ash and hickory he
does not eat
To flood low ground. the beavers
sometimes have 70 build a dam ex-
eeeding 20 feet in length. They usual
~ lay 1t out with the curve facing
upstream. The foundation is built of
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19

wetIest and most difficult 10 handle,
and II Is necessary that construction
be carried on during the wettest sea
sons Consequently. the contractor
should base his calculations as TO time
and methods on the worst conditions.
To let q contract to the Lowest bid
der" regardless OF his experience or
equipment. is often to invite serious
disappointment and loss.
Delays especially. are expensive TO
landowners. for not only is money In
vested Ia incomplete work. but often
times a failure 10 have the ditch COM
plete al the time fixed means the loss
Of a crop. In the drainage of swamp
land. which cannot be plowed until
after the work is completed, II means
delay Of one or more years before
the cultivation will be paying invest
ment. With scarcely an exception,
where losses have accrued TO agricul-
tural interests through the delay OF n
year In the construction of proposed
drainage works, these losses have been
greater than the cost of the improve
ments. The attempt 10 save one or
! two cents on the cubic yard for ditch
/ ing, or on the rod for tile trenches, by
| giving the job to a poOrly-equipped
man, often becomes an expensive pro-
| ceeding. Better pay more 10 com
petent man. and be sure Of a good
job. completed ION time"
The kind, size and completeness of
the drainage works needed in a given
| locality. the methods of doing the work
and adjusting the costs, must be de-
termined by the local conditions. What
is good practice in one place may
not be practical In another. The char
acter OF the ground, surface slopes,
crops raised, and value of land, all
have a bearing on the subject. In
any locality. the first consideration is
an outlet or channel by which the wa
ter may be carried away. In some
localities nature has provided such an
outlet. In others, II may be necessary
for several landowners to band togeth-
er and construct channel, of suf-
fcient size and depth to serve as the
main outlet of a network of bitches
which will give relief during wet
years. In many parts of the state
where such outlets naturally exist or
are already completed. crops have suf.
fered from an excess of water in the
immediate vicinity. for the reason that
the water from the cultivated fields
could not readily escape. Consequent,
ly, for complete drainage, II is neces
sary to have on the individual farm
a thorough system for collecting the
water as II falls and carrying 1t to the
main outlet.
Unless the ground is very fiat. the
location OF proposed drains can Dt
best determined when the ground |,
free from vegetable growths. A heavy
growth OF crops or weeds may cause
low places 10 look high and high place,
low. A field freshly plowed or sowr
, is In the best condition for lOcatinl
lines of drainage. II such field |,
examined Immediately after a heavy
rain. there Will be little danger Of
; making a mistake In locating the lines
. IL these are ut once marked out by 1
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19

cost OF only Sol 80 against $lS4s2
per acre. paid for tiIlabie land and IN
the original purchase.
bot this added value Of &GS2--O does
not represent ali The benefits which
have come 10 the farm from the IN
PRODUCTION of underiruinage, The dis
appearance IL the slougils. and Of the
superfIuous water In other places. per
mIts the division 81 the land into reg
uiar. and therefore more easily cul-
uyated aelds. Such fields having now
8 uniform soil can be cultivated In
less tnle aud crop rotations can be ar
ranged 10 better advantage. than
where the land is broken up by non
cuItivabIe areas. A dry. loose soil can
He worked more easily than wet,
sticky soil
Furthermore. a Geld which In some
seasons Is productive. and In others
non-productiVe by reason Of excessive
moisture, may be more detrimental %
the farmers success than swamp
land for such lands are often plowed.
planted. cultivated, and then the crop
is destroyed by an influx Of water ;
whereby not only are they made non
productive. but labor and seed are
lost. Drainage not only removes the
risk Of such losses but improves the
landscape by substituting broad, fully
cultivated areas for such as are dotted
with sloughs. breeding frogs and mos
quitoes and giving forth Ill odors from
dead fish and decaying vegetation Ii
is a first step In good road-buiiding'
aud. as a permanent Improvement II
/ Increases the value OF all neighbortng
lands. and benefits the entire com
/ munity.
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19
Comparison.

"Dr. Isaiah Il. Srott. Methodist blsh.
op OF Africa" said Methodist divine,
collected In Monroyia great deal of
valuable chronological matter.
Talking about cannihallsn one day.
Bishop Scott declared:
Your caumbai is not wicked. He
eats other people as you and | go TO
church-In order 10 improve himself
for he has been taught that he will ac-
quive the virtues-the bravery. beauty,
wisdom and what not-of all those
whom he eats"
Bishop Scott chuckled.
a savage csnnihui." he ended. us a
sanity chap alongside Of a civilized
backbiter.'
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19
DIAGRAM OF a LINE OF LEVELS.

poles, for pr five fcat long by an
inch or two thicS, These they lay
crosSwise, filling all creyices with mud.
The beaver digs up mud with his
fore feet, then holds it close to his
breast with his fore legs, swims to
where he has started his dam, and,
having deposited it in lis proper place,
beats the mud down with his paws
not with his tail as has been believed"
st. Nicholas.
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19
Loo sevrre

Doctor-Your husband needs some
good exercise 10 restore him.
Mrs. N-Like playing golf?
DoctG--More violent than that.
Mrs. N-I have It'll I'll send him
down to make a few purchases at the
bargain counter during the rush houra
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19
IF
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Fl am
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nd sto |
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iMtiOn
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The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19

% acquire more acres under the false
Idea that his prosperity viii be de-
noted b. the amount o. land Ia his
Is0Saessdon. lie does Dot realize that
one acre Of thoroughly drained land
may bring him greater income, Nfth
half the labor and expense Of cuiriva-
tioa- than two acres u the undrained
land or that II could be acquired at
ene-thiTd to 0nt-half the cost OF the
nssly bought acre. This extra land
IL purchased w1th the Idea that land
values will rise. As the real value Of
land Is regulated by It's improvements
and productigeness, the landowner
whose only object IL 20 acquire more
acres. rather than TO improve the land
already In his possession. is an ~un-
desirable citiEea." as be expects TO be
the gamer through his nelghbor's inn
pruveaneBtA
The idea Is popular. especially
among the owners Of wet lands. that
the removal Of surplus water by drain.
age would be Of great benefit to the
state or community at large, While
| this II true TO . certain extent and
while wet lands belonging 10 the pub,
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19
BY JOHN 7. STEWART. c. G. Aari-
cultural Engineer. University Of
hB~n@an4n

7 Is not an uncommon
fhsnE for q landowner TO
fight Q drainage assess
Eaeat. on land which has
q market vuiue Of from
50 90 50 per acre. ana
az almost the same time
fuy another tract of
similar land. az the mar
ket price. His desire -
The Idaho recorder. [volume] (Salmon City, Idaho) 1886-1927, 1917-01-19

GRADE LATH METHOD.
al
nnarhs the trench ls DUG.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1917-10-24
LAND SALE.
STATE OF S0utn Carolina,
County OF ;,aurcnS.

tGNNtI on iaUrrnS.
IN COURT Or COMMON Pleas.
Emma Bryson, ct al Plaintiff,
against
Laura S'Dcarman, ell al Defendant.
Pursuant to a decree Of the Court
in the above stated case, | will sell at
public outcry to the highest bidder, at
Laurcns G. H., S. c., on Salcsday in
November next, being Monday, the 9TH
day OF the month, during tho legal
hours for such sales, tho following de-
scribcd property, to wit:
All that lot, piece or parcel of land
lying, being and situate in Laurcns
County State aforesaid. containing for
ty and one-half Gao f-2) acres more or
less, bounded on the North by lands
OF Jesse NJ. Bryson, on the east by
lands Of A. p. Lynch, on the South
by lands of Wistcr w. Bryson, and the
estate of a. Y. Notes and on the west
by lands Of s. W. Bryson. being the
tract of land which r. II. Bryson, died
seized and possessed.
Terms Of Sale Cash. Purchaser to
pay for papers. If the terms Of sale
are not complied with, the land to bo
re-sod on same or some subsequent
Salesday on same terms, at risk of
former purchaser.
c. A. POWER,
G. 20. p. and G.. S., Laurens, s. G..
Dated. this Oct. 8, 1917. 12-4t-A
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1917-10-24

the doors, and--stood amazed The
Ladies clustered about her, and STOOD
amazed also. The dining room was
there, and the tablet But the appear
unce Of the place was vastly different
The snowy cloth was draped artis-
tically over picture on the wall, the
lowest edges well above the floor. The
plates and trays, napiin-covered, were
safely slowed away on the floor In dis.
TINT corners. The kitchen scrub buck
ct hnd been brought In and turned up
side down, to afford fitting resting
place for the borrowed punch bowl,
full to overflowing with fragrant lem
onade.
And ut the table were three dirty,
dlsheveled little figures, bending serl-
ously over piles Of mud. A not-unrec-
Dgnizable Venus de Milo occupied the