Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-01-22


might be. 1 only take it for granted
that mere terms of peace between
the belligerents will not satisfy even
the belligerent themselves. Mere
agreements may not make peace Sc
cure. 1t will be absolutely necessary
that force be created as a guarantor
of the permanency of the settlement
so much greater than the force of any
nation now engaged or any alliance
hitherto formed or projected, that no
nation, no probable combination of
nations could face or withstand it. If
the peace presently to be made is to
endure 1T must be peace made here
py the organized major force of man
| kind.
Terms VIII Determine
The terms of the immediate peace
agreed upon will determine whether
IL is peace for which such guaran-
TOR can be secured. The question up-
on which the whole future peace and
policy of the world depends is this:
is the present war struggle
Tor a Just and secure peace or
only Tor a new balance of power?
III 1t be only struggle for a new -
balance of power, who will guar
ahtee, who can guarantee, the
stable equilibrium of the new
arrangement? Only tranquil
europe can be stable Europe.
Ihere must be, not balance of
power, put community of
power not organized rivalries.
put an orSanized common peace,
Have Assurances
fortunately we have received very
eAplclt assurances on this point. The
statesmen of both of the groups of
hatlons now arrayed against one an
oLner nave said, in terms that could
liol oe mlslnterpreted. that it was no
y! 70 crush their antagonists. But the
lInplications of these assurances NAV
not pe equally clear to all = MANY
not De the same on both sides of the
water. 1 think it will be seryiceabIe
II attempt to setforth what we nm
derstand them to be.
Peace Without Victory
Ihey imply first of all that it must
rfa pe a peace without victory. 1t is not
pn PIeasant TO say this. l beg that may
pe permitted to put my own inter
pretation upon it and that il NAV be
understood that no other interpreta-
eloh was IN my thought. / am seek
Ins only TO face realities and to face
them without soft concealments. Vic
tory would mean peace forced upon
me loser, Victor's terms imposed
upon the Vanquished. 1t would be ac-
cepted in humiliation, under duress
at an lntolerable sacrifice, and would
leaVe sting, a resentment, a bitter
memory upon which terms of neece
would rest. not permanent, but only
as upon quicksand. Only a peace he
tweeh equals can last; only q peace
the very principle of which is euIIalitv
and a common participation in a. com
mon penef1t. The right state of mind,
the right feeling between nations. Is
as necessary for lasting peace as is
tne Just settlement of VeXed questions
OF territory or of racial ard national
allegiance.
Founded On Equality
Inc equality of nations upon which
peace must be founded, if it is to last,
must be an equality of rights: the
guarantees exchanged must neither
recognize nor imply a difference be-
tween big nations and small, between
nose that are powerful and those
mat are weak. Right must be based
upon the common strength, not upon
the individual strength of the nations
upon whose concert peace will depend.
Equality of territory or of resources
tnere OF course cannot be; nor any
other sort of equality not gained in
the ordinary peaceful and legitimate
development of the peoples them
selves: But no one asks or expects
anything more than an equality of
rights Mankind is looking now for
power ''''e' VI
Poland Should Be Free
ana there is a deeper thing in
Volved than even equality of right
among organized nations. No peace
can last, or ought to last, which does
not recognize and accept the principle
that governments derive all their lust
powers from the consent of the gov
erned, and that no right anywhere
exists to hand peoples about from
sovereignty to sovereignty, as If thew
were property. l take it for granted
Tor instance, if l may venture upon
single example, that statesmen
should be a united, independent and
autonomous Poland and that hence
1ortL 1nVlolable surety of life, of wor-
snip and of Industrial and social de-
velopment should be guf ~anteed to
all peoples who have lived hitherto
uhuer the power or governments de-
voted to faith and purpose hostile
to their own.
speak of this not because of a
desire to exalt an abstract political
principle which has always been held
very dear by those who have sougf. I
TO build up liberty in America but for
the same reason that 1 have spoken
OF the other conditions of peace which
seem to me clearly indispensable =
because 1 wish frankly to uncover
realities. Any peace which does not
recognize and accept this principle
Will inevitably be upset. 1t will not
rest upon the affections or the con-
victions of mankind. The ferment of
spirit of whole populations will fight
subtly and constantly against it and
all the world will sympathize, The
world can be at peace only if its life
is stable and there can be no stability
where the will is in rebellion, where
there is no tranquility of spirit and a
sense of justice, of freedom and of
right.
All Should Have Sea Outlet
so as practicable. moreover, every
great people now struggling towards
full development of its resources.
and of it's powers should be assured
direct outlet to the great highways
of the sea. Where this cannot be done
by tie cession of territory, It can no
doubt be done by the naturalization
of direct rights of way under the gen
eral guarantee which will assure the
peace itself. With g. right comfy of
arrangement no nation need be shut
away from free access TO the open
paths of the worlds commerce,
Sea Must Be Open
"And the paths of the sea must
alike in law and in fact be free, TT
freedom of the seas is the sine qua
non of peace, equality and eo-opera-
ton, No doubt a somewhat radical