davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-04-22
Profits in SQUAD Raising,

For squad culture only a few va
reties of pigeons are used Among
these the Homer is generally consid-
cred the most popular. 1t is one Of
the best squad producers because it is
prolific aud is a good feeder and
mother. The fact that the Homer
pigeon will return home even if taken
hundreds of miles away makes it nee
cssary to keep this variety confined,
il the pigeons have been purchased.
Breeders of the Homer pigeon have
paid little attention to plumsge, so a
variety Of colors may be found in
this breed.
The Carneaux pigeon is somewhat
larger than the Homer and is claimed
to be about as prolific and as good a
feeder. Carneaux pigeons are varied
in color, but those with red and yell
low shades are the commonest. This
variety of pigeons has only recently
become popular as squad producer
in the United States.
Other varieties of pigeons, larger
than the Homer, are used by some
breeders, especially in crossing upon
the Homer and Carneaux to increase
the size of the squads. The Runt is
one of the largest of these varieties,
but is neither as prolific nor as good
breeder or feeder as the Homer.
Some OF the other varieties used as
SQUAD breeders are the Dragon, the
White Maltese or hen pigeon, the
White King and the common pigeon.
The small common pigeon is prob
ably the most widely distributed on
farms. These pigeons produce small
squads, often Of poor quality.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-04-22
Your Life Hangs by a Thread

of transportation.
Millions of tons of food move thousands OF miles
to reach the American people centered in citiesand
millions Of tons more rot on the ground for lack OF cars
to carry them.
WAR STRIKES and FLOODS menace this threat
upon which the food supply of a nation depends.
HOW LONG COULD YOU STAND THE SIEGE
of hunger if shipments Of food were cut OFT from your
city? How much could you produce on the soil you
own? How much have you stored in the cellar?
The American people have long been the most i'm
provident folks earth because they have been the
richest They are just beginning to feel the pinch OF
hunger after generations Of waste.
IT IS YOUR DUTY TO THE NATION AND TO
YOURSELF to be PREPARE for an emergency-to
be INDEPENDENT of railways that may at any moment
be needed FOR YOUR DEFENSE.
This means that you must learn to produce food and
to save oodto cultivate the ground and store the har-
vest Perhaps you can do much, perhaps only little,
but whatever you can do is worth while as an example
of thrift and preparedness.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
LIMBS MADE OF CARDBOARD
Artificial Leg, Invented by Danish Doc
tor Enables Wearer to Walk Soon
After Amputation.

A Danish doctor at a hospital in
Paris has invented a cardboard leg
which enables the wearer to go about
without crutches two days after his
limb has been amputated.
The materials used are two sheets
of cardboard about three-siXteenth of
an inch thick, and bandages soaked in
q starch solution. After careful meas
urements have been taken the card
board is cut into what looks like two
peg-tops, which after being soaked in
the bath fold round each other and are
secured with bandages.
The principle is that Of an egg in a
cup, and the patient can wear the leg
long before the wound Is completely
healed. He can thus get air and exer-
else which it Is usually impossible to
obtain at this phase of his GONZALES
cence; also he has to suffer none OF
the inconvenience of clutches, stick
sufficing for his needs. The leg, prop
erly treated, lasts from six months to
q year, by which time permanent
artificial limb is ready to be fitted.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27

loads are dumped all in one spot and
spread later with shovels, as is done
frequently, 1t is very difficult to secure
uniform density of the surface crust
by subsequent narrowing and rolling.
The spots where the loads are dumped
nearly always will be more densely
cOmpacted than the areas between,
and, as a result, uneven settlement
will develop soon.
2. The gravel should be spread IN
two or more courses, and the thickness
of the different courses should be ap-
the first course may be made some
what thicker than the succeeding
courses, because, in general, a thicker
layer Of gravel may be compacted on
the subgrade than when spread over
a layer of gravel already compacted.
1t usually is impracticable to have the
compacted thickness of any course
greater than about inches, and quite
frequently or inches is as much as
can be cOmpacted satisfactorily at ona
time.
3. After each course of gravel IL
spread it should be narrowed with a
tooth harrow until the various sizes
Of particles and the binder or cement
ing material are distributed thoroughly
through the mass. Then 1t should be
compacted by rolling with a power
roller weighing about 10 tons, or by
means of traffic. Where roller is en-
plOyed the rolling should be continued
until the particles of gravel are all
well bonded together and the surface
presents a smooth, uniform appear
ance. When completed, the surface
of each course should be so firm and
unyielding that 1t will not be Disturbed
in any way by subsequent traffic,
4. Where it is necessary to add
sand or clay to the gravel in order to
fill the voids, it should be done after
each course is spread and before it is
narrowed, except that with some kinds
of gravel 1t may be permissible to add
limited amount of fine material to
the surface of the top course after the
narrowing is completed and the rolling
is in progress.
.. Where the binder consists of some
material other than clay, it may
be desirable to sprinkle each course
with water while 1t is being rolled, and
even where clay is used as a binder a
small amount of sprinkling may be
necessary in dry weather in order to
secure a satisfactory bond. The
sprinkling always should be done uni
formly and in such quantities as not
to wash the fine material out from the
gravel or to soften the subgrade.
6. When the road surface is COM
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27

plete 1t should be uniform In grade
and cross section. If depresslons &C.
cur under the roller they should be
corrected by adding gravel and con-
tinuing the rolling, and this should be
kept up until no depressiOns or ap-
preciable waves are produced by the
roller in moving back and forth over
the surface.
7. After the road is opened to traf-
fic 1t should be watched very careful
ly for several months and all defects
which develop should be corrected i'm
mediately. The work Of maintaining
the road until the surface no longer
picks up" or ravels under traffic
should be considered an essential fea-
ture of the construction. When traffic
IS depended upon to compact the gray
ell, much dragging usually is neces-
sary in order to secure a smooth, we'll
bonded surface. In, fact, the cost Of
dragging, under such conditions, fire.
quently may exceed the cost of secur-
ing a well-bonded surface by means
of rolling.
The construction method described
above is modified quite frequently by
emitting the subgrade trench and the
rolling. The practice followed in many
localities is simply to grade up the
roadbed and heap gravel along the
central portion. Traffic is then de-
pended upon to spread and compact
the gravel and produce a uniform sur
face. While some of the roads con-
structed in this way are great improve
ments over the original earth roads
they are nearly always crowned too
much for comfortable driving, and sell
dom wear as well as when the more
careful method of construction is fol-
lowed. 1t is believed, therefore, that
in the long run it usually pays to en-
ploy trenched subgrade and to COM
pact the surface by rolling, though a
possible exception to the economy of
trenched subgrade may exist where
good gravel may be obtained very
cheap. In this case it may be cheaper
to surface the entire roadway than to
incur the additional expense of trench
ing and constructing earth shoulders.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
GRAVEL ROAD WORK
Construction Is Usually Divided
Into Two Entire Distinct
Glasses.
SUBGRADE FOR The SURFACE
Some Of Most Important Details Re-
quIrlng Careful Attention Are FIRE.
quentIy Overlooked - Some
Precautions to Observe.

| prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture)
Figure 1 shows a typical cross sec
ton for a gravel-road surface and in
dicates the customary steps involved
in the construction of such a surface.
The limiting thicknesses shown on this
cross section are by no means followed
universally, but are believed to repre-
sent the best current practice. The
minimum thickness shown is supposed
to be employed where the traffic is
light and the subgrade is uniformly
stable, while the maximum thickness
is adapted for opposite conditions,
Perhaps the most usual c0mpacted
thickness of surface IS eight inches at
the center and six inches at the edges.
The difference Ia thickness between
the edges and center Is effected by
making the crown of the subgrade fat
ter than that Of the surface.
The construction of a gravel road
usually Is divided into two entirely dis
tinct classes of work. The work of
falls into one class, and that of haul
Ing, spreading and cOmpactlng the
gravel into the other. The first class
of work has been discussed at consid-
cradle length in connection with earth
and sand-clay roads, but since 1t is
desired to emphasize certain features
of subgrade preparation that are of
increased Importance in connection
with gravel-road construction, both
classes of work will be considered in
the following discussion:
Preparation of the subgrade.
IN grading the roadbed and prepar-
ing the subgrade for gravel surface,
it should be borne in mind also that
the more expensive a road surface, the
greater should be the care exercised
to prevent it from being damaged
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
Why She RIushed.

Flossie, the waitress, was very keen
on a certain handsome young man
who always sat at one of her tables.
She tiuttered round him and ogled
and giggled and explained the young
mans lack Of response by the fact that
he stammered.
rs there anything you want?" she
asked one day, and there We're several
shades Of meaning in her tone.
The young man glanced at her and
said:
"Will you let me have a k-k-k-''
The maiden blushed violently at this
significant sound and threw a glance
of triumph at the other mattresses.
"a k-k-cup?". finished the young
man.
The girl blushed deeper than ever
at this and the young man went on {:
Il kn-know why you're blushing.
You thought l was g-going to ask for
a k-kk-clean cup!"
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
HOW INSANITY HAS GAINED
Increase in United States Revealed by
Census Taken by National Com
mittee for Mental Hygiene.

Insanity in the United States is de-
ctdedly on the increase. This fact is
revealed by reason of a census taken
of the insane, feeblemlnded, epileptics,
inebriates and drug addicts by the
National Committee for Mental Ry-
gtene. Analysis Of this census is found
in the Mental Hygiene. 1t was com
piled by Horatio NJ. Pollacz, statlsticl-
an of the New York State Hospital
commission, and Edith NJ. Furbush,
statiSticIan of the National Committee
for Mental Hygiene.
The federal census bureau estimates
that the increase of population from
April -, 1910, to January l, 1917, was
11.So per cent The same government
agency found in 1910 that the number
of insane in Institutions was 1S7,791.
The census taken in the present year
revealed 234, 055 insane persons in in
situations. Thus the increase in the
insane in institutions during the CORE
spending period was 2464 per cent,
growth more than double that of the
general population.
Moreover, the rate of increase of the
insane in institutions was relatively
greater than that of the general popu-
lation in every state except Arizona,
Kansas, Mississippi, Nevada and South
Carolina. Illinois is one of the states
in which the disparity between growth
of population and increase in insan-
ity has been greatest. In this state
the population increase was 9.S4 per
cent, rs compared with a percentage
Of increase Of insane in institutions of
27.3S. The ncighboring state of Indl-
ana shows an even greater disparity,
with percentages Of 1874 and 27.44 re-
Spectively.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
ldIeness Makes Fortune.

IF you sit Idly you will lose money
every minute" Is liberal paraphrase
of a well-known japanese proverb and
serves as a protest against idleness,
but the Tokyo Hochi cites the case Of
the great Buddha at Nara, which,
despite inaction. is reaplng a fortune.
During the year ending June 20 the
Buddha received 951, 900 visitors, who
paid admission fees aggregating S9,350.
The eXactiOn Of a fee to visit the big
Buddha began in 1911 since which
time S127,500 gate money has been re-
ceived.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
The Great Need.

The Prince of Udine, head Of the
Italian commission, said at a lunch
con in New York,
"The Germans need, above all
things, a spiritual bath or cleansing.
When | contemplate them l feel like
the reStaurateur
"A restaurateur In the galleria in Mi
Ian was waited on by a tramp who
wanted work. The restaurateur, be-
ing shOrt-handed, agreed to take the
tramp on. But, heavens, he was dirty.
I'll put you at the dish washing
said the restaurateur, and then he took
out a two-lira note. But, here, take
this first, and go and get a BATH
"As the tramp, bowling and scra.1>
started off, the restaurateur called him
back and said:
There may be some change. In
that event, take another BATH"
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
A Wise Provision.

The witty journalist was conversing
with a friend about raising carp in
ponds for food. The friend remarked
that such a food supply would not be
much in demand here, but that the
Germans liked carp.
Germans will eat anything" re-
marked the witty journalist, but i'm
mediately qualified his remark. That
is, when they can get anything to
eat"
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
Not What He Said.

A recently commissioned second lieu
tenant was drilling his command in an
Indianapolis street.
Something went wrong and the SOL
dlers found themselves trying to march
over q 6-foot fence.
The lieutenant halted the company
and said:
Men, why don't you do what want
you to do instead Of what I tell you
to do?"-Indianapol News.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
m FRAITa Watson K. Coleman, Wash
"a ington: DC. Books free HiGa
Youthful Philosophy.

"My mother is much prettier than
your mother" proudly declared Hazel.
mo she isn't; she isn't half as pretty
as my mamma. I've got the prettiest
mother in the whole worldr' pro-
claimed Nellie. Hazel was staggered
for a moment and then complacently
remarked: "Well, it isn't so much
what we has as what we thinks we
has that counts, I s'pose."
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
CUTICURA is so SOOTHING
To Itching, Burning Skins-lt Not Only
Soothes, but Heals-Trial Free.

Treatment: Battle the affected sur.
face with Cuticura Soap and hot wa
ter, dry gently and apply Cuticura
Ointment. Repeat morning and night.
This method affords immediate relief,
and points to speedy healment. They
are ideal for everyday toilet uses.
Free sample each by mail with Book.
Address postcard, Cuticura, Dept L.
Boston. Sold everywhere.-Adv.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
Our Difficult Language.

Apropos of the difficulties that our
fOreign-born friends experience in
learning UNITED States a subscriber
writes: "a boy born a Dane and raised
in a German family came to me and
said: will you borrow me your wheel
barrowY and when he saw me smile
he said, 4 mean, can l lend it from
you? ''-OutloOk.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27

The camphor tree is one of the many
plant importations from China that
promise much in the United States.
The trees grow well in hedges 10 feet
apart in the South and the average of
eight tons of clippings per acre yields
on distillation about 200 pounds of
camphor. This means a present profit
of more than $3.50.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27

God is love. Therefore love. With
out distinction, without calculation,
without procrastination, love. Lavish
it upon the poor, where it is very
easy; especially upon the rich, who
often need it most; most of all upon
our equals, where it is very difficult,
and for whom perhaps we do least
Of all.-H. Drummond.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27

decided to try bottle of Lydia E. Pink.
hams Vegetable Compound. 1t worked
from the first bottle, so 1 took second
and q third, also bottle of Lydia E.
Pinkham's Blood Purifier, and now am
Just as we'll as any other woman. I adj
wise every woman, single or married,
who is troubled with any of the afore-
said ailments, to try your wonderful
Vegetable Compound and Blood Purifier
and am sure they will help her to get
rid of her troubles as they did me. -
Mrs. ELSIE ]. VAN DER SANDE, SO Ncl
York St, Paterson, N. ].
Write the Lydia E. Pinkham Medicine
Co., (confdentiaD Lynn, Mass, if you
need special advice.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
TO DESTROY SHEEP SoRaEL
Weed Cannot Be Entirely Extermnat-
ed by Moving, But 1t Can Be
Weakened to Great Extent.

Sheep sorrel cannot be entirely ex-
terminated by moving, but it can be
greatly weakened. The weed should
be nhown as soon as the Towering
stalks have attained full size, but be-
fore they have commenced to turn red.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
Alert for the Future.

you've got lot of weeds in your
garden"
Pretty fine weeds, too, don't you
think" rejolned Mr.. Crosslots.
Surely you are not nursing them
along"
"Yes, sir. I've been finding out that
80 many new things are edible that
I'm holding out to see whether sci
ence won't discover some way of fry
Ing the Jimpson or stewing the bur-
dock"
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27

The most beautiful city in Russia is
said to be, not Petrograd or Moscow,
which lack perspective, the one lying
fiat on the level of the Niva, and the
other situated on an insignificant
stream, but Kieff, the ancient capital
of the Cossacks, which lies on the
heights overlooking the rolling Dnie-
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
DRUGGISTS PLEASED WITH
GOOD KIDNEY MEDICINE

I have sold your remedy for the past
fifteen years and have sufficient confidence
in it to give it my personal recommends
ton. l believe it is one of the best medi-
cines of its class on the market today and
find pleasure in selling it at all times.
Very truly yours,
HAMMERS DRUG STORE,
F. V. Hammer, Prop,
Nov. 4, 1915. Spartanburg, S. G.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
Horse Chestnuts as Food.

An effort is being made to adapt the
horse chestnuts to the human dietary.
The nuts are more than half starch
and sugar, with some protein and fat
and are nutritious. Their value chiefly
depends on the elimination Of the bit
ter elements and the irritating saponi-
like glucOsides.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
ELIXIR BABEK A GOOD TONIC

AND Drives Malaria Out of the System.
"Your 'Babek' acts like magic I have given
IL 70 numerous people in my parish who were
suffering with chills, malaria and fever, I rec.
ommend 1t to those who are sufferers and in
need of a good tonic."-Rev. S. Szymanowski,
81: stephens Church, Perth Amboy, N. J..
Elixir Babek, so cents, all druggists or by
Parcel Post, prepaid, from Kloczewski q Co.,
Washington, D. G.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
For a Headache,

A throbblng, pulsating head will
often feel relieved on the application
of a cold compress. A foot bath, too,
will aid, as it draws the blood away
from the head. If neither of the above
remedies avail, try applying hot and
cold cloths alternately to the back Of
the neck,
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
Whenever You Need a General Tonic
Take Groves

The Old Standard Groves Tasteless
chill Tonic is equally valuable as a Gen
eral Tonic because it contains the well
known tonic properties of QUININE and
IRON. 1t acts on the Liver. Drives out
Malaria. Enriches the Blood and Builds
up the Whole System 90 cents.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
A Helpful Hint

'DO you think it really necessary to
go to the trouble of having the suspect
ed courtplaster analysed by a bacte-
riologist?' asked J. Fuller Gloom.
Haven't you brother-in-law that you
can try it on?"-Kansas City Star.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
Something for JonAs

Drill sergeant (sarcastically to little
Jones, who is continually out of step
Company, all except Private Jones,
change stepl 1 really 'aven't the
cart to trouble I'm again Passing
Show.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
Plausible.

Tile Ginger says that the reason
she thinks her new boss's wife is keep
ing cool through the hot weather is be-
cause her telephone voice sounds as if
it were right off the ice.-Galveston
News.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27

through settlement or upheaval of the
subgrade, and the greater should be
the accuracy with, which the subgrade
is constructed, so that no unnecessary
surfacing material may be required to
correct irregularities in grade and
cross section. No matter what the soil
conditions may be, the subgrade for
gravel road surface, when completed,
should conform closely in grade and
cross section with the requirements
of the plans and should present an
even, uniform appearance. Also, it
should be as firm and unyielding as
the conditions will permit.
Some of the most important details
requiring careful attention in prepar-
ing the subgrade, and which are per
haps most frequently overlooked, are
Q) backflling culvert trenches so as
to prevent subsequent settlement, (2)
exclusion of vegetable matter from
fills, (3) provision for draining wet
weather springs which occur in the
subgrade, and (4) the matter of thor
oughly loOsening and distributing the
materials contained in old road crusts.
After the roadbed has been graded
and drained properly, and the details
mentioned above have received proper
attention, the work of preparing the
subgrade consists simply in forming
trench, as shown in figure 1, to receive
the gravel surface. The trench may be
formed largely with a grading ma
chine, but the final shaping should be
effected by means of picks and shovel5
and rolling. 1t is customary to provide
grade stakes at intervals of about 80
feet, to serve as a guide for the pick
and shovel work, and where extreme
accuracy is desired cords may be
stretched between the stakes to insure
that the subgrade conforms to the
required grade throughout. The roll
ing is done ordinarily with a power
roller weighing about ten tons.
In order that the subgrade may be
well drained during the process of
spreading and compacting the gravel
it is frequently necessary to provide
shoulder drains at comparatively short
intervals. Such drains are constructed
by opening small bitches through the
shoulders and partially filling them
with gravel.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27

l nave Hldue me well
and healthy. Some
time ago l felt 20
run down, had pains
in my back and side.
was very irregular,
tired, nervous, had
such b ad dreams,
did not feel like eat
ling and had short
breath. l read your
advertisement in
! THE newspapers and
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27

Constipation generally indicates disordered
stomach, liver and bowels. Wright's Indian
Vegetable Pills restore regularity without
gripping Adv.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
Nature Is So Natural.

"Oh, don't you love nature?
Eyes, indeed; 1t adds so much."-
Christian Register.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1917-09-27
Daily Thought.

Some men invest in hair tonic as
soon as they begin to come out on top.