davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
Bumps on the Head.

The lump raised by a blow on the
head Is due to the resistance offered
by the hard skull and its close connec-
ton with the movable elastic scalp by
many circumscribed bands Of connec-
tive tissue. The result Of blow when
the scalp is not cut IS the bruising and
liberation Of many Of the small blood
vessels or capillaries. Blood or its
fluid constituent, serum, is poured into
the meshes of the surrounding con-
nective tissue, which Is delicate,
spongy, distensible and cellular, and
the well known bump or lump is quick
ly formed. This cannot push inward
at all and naturally takes the line Of
least resistance. Similar bumps may
be formed on the shin In exactly the
same way, for the shin bone also IS
covered only by skin and simultaneous
connective tissue.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
Stewed Apples.

To stew apples so each quarter is un-
broken and so clear one can almost see
through it Is an art, and yet it is sim
pie thing to do If one only knows how.
Peel tart apples very thin, cut them In
quarters and remove the cores and
seeds. AS fast as you can peel and
quarter them drop the apples In a
saucepan in which you have already
placed cold water to the depth Of two
inches. When the apples are all in put
the saucepan over a slow fire, cover 1t
till the water reaches the boiling point,
then remove the cover and let the ap-
pies simmer almost imperceptibly till
you can pierce them easily with
toothpick; then sprinkle the sugar
over them and let them Just simmer
until It Is all melted. Remove the
saucepan from the fire and let it stand
where the apples will get cold before
turning them into dish for the table.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
JAPANESE ARMY To HOLD
SHAM BATTLE OF SOMME
viii Apply Lessons of Great
Struggle In Europe to Grand
Army Maneuvers.

New York. - The grand army ma
neuyers in Japan next November will
be held in the country adjacent to
Lake Biwa, In Shiga prefecture, near
Koto, says the East and West News.
Headquarters will be located In the
town Of Hikone, of which the famous
Lord II, assassinated on dolls day
many years ago, was the feudal chief
To provide for the final review by the
emperor a few rice fields will be clear
ed for that purpose.
A great feature Of the war play viii
be the conduct of battles after the
latest methods adopted by the Ger
mans and the allies In the valley OF
the Somme, northern France. Geo
graphically the lay Of the land about
Lake Biwa, the largest lake In Japan,
closely resembles that of the Somme
war theater Staff officers familiar
with the ground In France Will con-
duct the operations from which the
soldiery and underofflcers will acquire
a knowledge Of the latest features OF
modern warfare. Airplanes and sea-
planes will also be actively employed
for the first time In Japan
The art Of war has advanced q
hundred years since the battle Of the
Marine, two and half years ago.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
Swamp Lands,

The national chamber Of commerce
aaclares that had not the hospital
.orps of the army definitely determin-
a the status Of the mosquito and thus
nused menacing swamp lands to be
dained it is an open question whether
fbe building Of the Panama canal
vnuld have been possible.
In following up this work we find
that the United States in draining
needing places Of the mosquito has
reclaimed thousands of acres Of land
and made them available for agricul-
nral purposes. There are approx
mately 100000 acres of swamp
lands in the country where for years
tbe mosquito has held undisputed
sway, of which 100000, or about
one-eighth of the total area Of the
country, can be reclaimed for the plow-
share. The only value Of swamp land
lies in its possibility Of reclamation;
Otherwise it is serious liability as a
breeder Of disease.-Leslie's.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
NEW u BOAT DESTROYER.
viii Be Turned Over to Government
Early In July.

Will Be Turned Over to Government
Early In July.
Wilmington, DeL-A submarine de-
stroyer Of a new type which is pro
nounced by experts to be the most eff
cient conceived Is being constructed
for Alfred I. du Pont and when COM
pleted early In July viii be turned over
to the government for use against q
boats.
The craft, which Is being constructed
by the Herreshoffs at Bristol, r. L, is
Of all steel torpedo boat destroyer con-
sruction. It Is ITO feet long, has q
fifteen foot beam and q draft Of only
four and one-half feet. The latter d.
mension Is so small as to render the
boat immune from submarine torpe-
does.
The destroyer has q guaranteed speed
Of twenty-seven miles an hour. The
two high pressure steam generators
win develop approximately 1,600 horse
power. Oil, which Is used as fuel, can
be carried for a cruise of 1900 miles
at fifteen knots or $50 miles at full
speed.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
DAY COACHES FOR TROOPS.
sIeepers Not to Be Provided Under
War Conditions.

Washington.-It is announced by the
secretary Of war that standard Pull
man and tourist sleepers win not be
used for the transportation Of troops
under ordinary conditions during the
war. Day coaches hereafter will be
used on the basis Of one officer to each
double seat and three men to each two
double seats. The new order applies to
all cases except journeys Of unusual
length, covering more than one night
and one day, which cases will be sep
arately considered when they arise.
It Is explained that the new regula-
ton Is necessary owing to the limited
number Of sleeping cars available for
troop movements and to the congestion
that would arise on transportation
lines If sleepers had to be collected for
every large movement Of troops. More
over, by doing away with sleepers, It
Is declared, the number Of cars neces-
sary to handle the movement Is de-
creased by one-Quarter.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
Modern preadnauahts.

povoad all doubt modern dread
.1chts represent the highest level of
'Strolled strength that the human
ga has vet seen. The fact that q, 600
or more of metal can be driven
Tough water at the speed Of an ex-
~.ss train while its big guns hurl
soIIs weighing three-Quarters Of a
- TO a distance of twenty miles is a
r,-ocle in mechanism.
nnring the evolution Of the warship
:. rs present state Of efficiency marine
.sineers have been faced with the
s-oblem Of protecting vital parts Of the
r..sel from the ever increasing hitting
.oUer of large shells. In other words,
sSs fighting value depended upon its
nifty to take as well as give hard
locks. Some idea of the difficulty
-.v be gathered from the fact that a
sfteen inch shot strikes a blow at its
ms1imum point Of speed capable of
sfting $4,000 tons a foot from the
s-ound.-London Standard.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
The Crested Fly Catcher.

Why does the crested fly catcher Sc.
lect dried snake skin to line his nest
Some naturalists believe it is to rem
der the nest waterproof. Others think
the dried skin serves as a burglar
alarm, to rattle at the approach Of q
Squirrel or other enemy.
This bird builds his nest in hollow
trees, stumps or posts. Sometimes be
rents the abandoned home of the wood.
pecker Professor II. A. Surface, Penn.
glvania state zoologist, tells Of one
that usurped a rural mail box for his
fat. OF recent years they have been
known to inhabit box homes put up for
their special benefit.
So if you want to encourage the
crested fly catcher, build him a box
nest. He'll pay the rent many times
over. He eats beetles, flies, grasshop-
pers, butterflies and moths.-Exchange
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
Emperoe and Car,

Emperoe and Gar.
The Gar Ferdinand Of Bulgaria, not
outstanding his numerous visits to
Vienna, never succeeded In making
himself welcome to the Austrian aris-
tocracy. For long time the aged en-
peror refused to receive him After
much useless scheming to get the ear
Of Francis Joseph he was advised to
obtain the aid OF Mime. Schratt, who
held at Schoenbrun an influential po-
sition.
Ferdinand sent to this favorite a
jewel box with q note: 81 desire to
offer to you the earrings that my moth
er wore until her death. Deign to &C
cept them and intercede In my favor
with the emperor"
Nine. Schratt used her kindly Of
fees, and Francis Joseph consented to
receive the king OF the Bulgars. Fer
dinand had brought q napkin filed
with papers that he wished to show to
the emperor. After Ferdinand's de-
parture the emperor, turning to his
grand chamberlain, said: cit Is curious
that q king should be so lacking in
manners. This fellow has spoken to
me as though were q mere notaryr'
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
Maldinn Glass.

Welded glass suitable for certain op-
ttcal instruments and other apparatus
Is a novel material that Is stated to be
Of great practical value as well as
much interest. AS the welding proc
ess is described by Parker and Dalla-
day to the Faraday Society of Lon
don, the glass surfaces to be Joined
are placed In good optical contact
under pressure and are heated to a
carefully predetermined temperature,
which, to avoid distortion Of OFFICIALLY
worked surfaces, must not approach
too near what Is defined as the IAN
healing point" This point Of appreci-
able softening is determined for any
kind Of glass by noting the tempera-
ture at which the internal heat stresses
seen in the glass with polarized light
quite suddenly disappear. Similar
glasses unite perfectly well below this
point, but with very unlike kinds the
softer becomes distorted before the
harder is hot enough to make a good
weld
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
LEAGUE WILL START
TO TRAIN IMMIGRANTS
Form OF Oath Equivalent to Enlist-
ment Pledge Drawn Up.

New York. A movement to train
New FORKS immigrant population In
readiness for military service was start
ed at meeting held In the offices Of the
National Liberal immigration league
The league has been at work on the
situation concerning the part immi-
grants win take in any national crisis
for the last eight years and has the
approval Of the war department
This consists Of & recruiting cam
paign on the east side for the Macca-
bean brigade, as 1t viii be called The
house Of the James G.. Blaine club has
been offered by the president, Dr.. J.
Levenson, and Is open for recruiting.
Applicants will enlist without any
stipulation and win take an oath
which virtually binds them to federal
military service for the duration Of
the war. A form Of oath equivalent
to the army enlistment pledge has
been drawn up by the adjutant gen.
eral Of the eastern department at the
leagues request.
Recruits will be trained under COM
petent instructors and then win be
available either to be mustered into
the regular army, the national guard
or service as reserve officers If they
show progress enough. There win be
no stipulation that they be accepted
IN a body, keeping their racial unity
in companies or other units, but win
go where assigned.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
A DANGEROUS Precedent.

The worst case Of law versus Justice
md common sense is one which Mon
higne relates as having happened in
bis own day. Some men were con-
dsnned to death for murder. The
tIges were then informed by the off,
GERS Of an inferior court that certain
PERSONS in their custody had confessed
themselves guilty Of the murder and
had told so circumstantial a tale that
the fact was placed beyond all doubt.
Nevertheless it was deemed so bad a
precedent to revoke a sentence and
show that the law could err that the
innocent men were delivered over to
Iecution.-London Mail.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
PERFECT WOMAN FORTY
AND HAS FIVE CHILDREN
She 10 Athletic, Mechanical, Pious, Pa
triotie and a Politician.

Liverpool-'The perfect woman" has
just been defined by conference here
Of teachers from girls schools through
out England. Here is the result Of
their united efforts:
The perfect woman is forty, is mar
ried and is the mother Of five children.
She is In happy circumstances, living
In a beautiful part of the country a
few miles from big town. She is the
center Of good home, in which there
Is high standard of cleanliness and
comfort and where good taste is every
where visible in furniture, carpets, cur
tains, wall paper, ornaments, clothes.
The ideal woman is sensible and
businesslike, and her home is a place
Of peace. She is patriotic and inter
ested In politics and does all she can to
remove the causes Of suffering among
the poor. She is delightful compan-
lon and has a gift for friendship. She
Is religious and tries to fulfill her duty
toward God and toward other peo-
pie. She takes walks, rides bicycles,
climbs, swims, dances, skates, rows
and plays games. She can ride a horse
and drive mOtorcar. She is proficient
in many branches of practical learning.
She can do anything and everything
about the house. She has some knowl-
edge of the law, knows how to invest
money, can use typewriter. She is
great reader; every day she reads some
serious book as well as a newspaper
and q novel She speaks three Ian
guages beside her own and reads for
eign books. She is fond of gardening
and has learned several crafts-wood-
carving, metal work. bookbinding and
embroidery.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
BOY FARMER A PATRIOT;
Saves MOTHER A FINE
cennaro Didn't Go to School, but
Cultivated Twenty Acres
In WeStCheSter.

New YOrk.-Airs. Rosa de Rosa, q
widow, missed being fined in the mu-
nicipal term court for keeping her Son
Gennaro home from school by Just
twenty acres. These acres are part of
her home at Mill Lane, Westchester,
and for the last month they have been
plowed and narrowed and fortified
and planted and cultivated by Gennaro
alone, and he is only fifteen.
1t was his age that got Gennaro into
trouble, for the compulsory education
law compels parents to keep their chill
dren in school until their sixteenth
year. That is why Mrs. De Rosa ap-
peared In court, very much frightened
and escorted by Attendance officers
Puglieri and Carney.
Magistrate Appleton looked sternly
at the little Italian woman until she
had explained that she was q widow,
that there was a mortgage on her home
and that Gennaro was her only sup
port. Then he smiled, and after Publ
eri and Carney had testified that the
twenty acres were under intensive cul-
tivation and that one fifteen-year-old
lad was doing all this work the magis-
trate announced his decision.
Sentence suspended" he said. your
son, Mrs. De Rosa, is doing a patriotic
duty. He is a real benefit to the COM
munity-more so than if he went to
school, as the law requires"
Gennaro did not hear this praise. He
was up in Westchester, cultivating the
twenty acres.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
FOR DRY FARMING
Can Be Practiced Where Water
Is Not Available.
REQUIRES MUCH PATIENCE.

In Missouri, In Drought of 1914, Use OF
Dry Farming Methods by Only Part
of Farmers Largely Increased Yield
of Corn Per Acre as Compared With
That of 1901.
Washington.-With the burden of
supplying the worlds wartime crop
facing this country, the committee on
statistics and standards Of the Chamber
of Commerce Of the United States has
called attention to the possibilities
Of dry farming. Such methods, 1t Is
declared, can be made to fit the re
Quirements for raising many Of our
most important products. Dry farm
ing is said to be the only form Of agri-
culture which can be successfully prac-
ticed in any region where water is not
available for irrigation and where
rainfall Is not sufficient for humid
farming.
The inherent purpose Of dry farming,
it is pointed out, Is to conserve mois-
ture In the soil until needed for grow
ing plants. The dry farmer resorts to
methods Of timely and proper cultiva-
ton, narrowing, disking and blowing,
to increase the penetration Of water,
prevent evaporation and store mofs-
ture In the soil for the benefit Of the
plants.
"Dry farming is not an easy Job, nor
Is the lot Of the farmer In the semi
arid regions any happier at times than
that Of the policemen In the Pirates
of Penzance,'" says Archer Wall Doug
las Of st. Louis, chairman Of the ma
ional commerce committee. cit Is a
business requiring much industry, pa
thence, fortitude and intelligent under
standing Of the surrounding conditions.
Likewise in the beginning it needs
some reserve capital against emergen-
cies. For there are years when, through
weeks, even months, Of rainless heat,
the sky is as brass and the earth as
iron underneath, and rainfall only q
distant memory.
"Yet persevered In and intelligently
stuck to, it Is apt to record success
and to furnish a great need for the
utilization Of the vast area Of semi
arid country. Once exploited as a
panacea, then denounced as q fad, 1t
has at last come into fits own as an In
telligent scientific form Of agriculture,
absolutely essential to the development
Of a large section Of our country"
OF particular interest In meeting war
time conditions Is the argument that
dry farming methods are applicable
not only to farming In the semiarid,
but likewise humid regions In times Of
drought In Missouri In the drought
Of 1914 the use of dry farming methods
by only a part Of the farmers largely
increased the yield Of corn per acre, as
compared with similar conditions In
1901.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23

EastIand, From Which Many Lives
Were Lost, Will Be Flagship.


Were Lost, Will Be Flagship.
Great Lakes, IlL-A feet Of training
ships shortly will be sailing the great
lakes, it was announced at the United
States naval training station here.
Captain w. A. Moffett, commandant,
has planned the mobilization Of num-
Der Of vessels mounting guns ranging
from one Founders to six inch pieces.
The feet will serve to train recruits
passing through the training station
here, which has been greatly expanded
since the outbreak Of war, In addition
to protecting lake cities.
The steamer Eastland, which turned
over In the Chicago river in 1915 with
q loss Of So lives and which IS now
being rebuilt as a gunboat, will be the
flagship. Other vessels in the fleet
will be two OF the former Spanish gun
boats which were captured by Dewey
at Manila bay.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
OLD MAN TRIED TO ENLIST.
Wanted to "HeIp Out" In Any Way,
but Was Refused.

puL was hoIuSeOs
Topeka, Kan.-The fact that the Unit
ed States government does not admit a
man over thirty-fve years Of age to en-
list in the army prevented the officers
In charge Of the local recruiting station
from passing on S. L. Palmer, a pros
porous Pawnee county farmer, the 9TH
er afternoon.
Mr.. Palmer is sixty-two years Of age,
but appears to be q man Of about forty.
He appeared very much grieved when
he was told he was too old for the serv-
Ice
Neither money nor the desire for e1-
perience had anything to do with Mr..
Palmers applying for service In the
ranks. He owns 700 acres Of good
Pawnee county land.
His only reason was his desire to
"help out" he told the officers. He
wanted to be admitted as q telegra-
pher, a craftsman or a mechanic. He
said he had fifteen years experience
a q telegrapher.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
De POTESTAD OFFERS SWORD
Son of Ex-Spanish Diplomat Seeks
United States Officers Commission.


United States Officers Commission.
Baltimore.-R. e. L de Potestad, son
Of the late Marquis de Potestad- For
mari, formerly Spanish diplomat I'm the
United States, has applied for a COM
mission in the officers reserve corps
from Maryland and has virtually been
accepted by the army examining board
at Johns Hopkins university.
Lieutenant Elliott, chief examining
officer, said that although Mr.. de Pote-
stad is past fifty-two he is the finest
specimen of manhood that has been
examined here and has the physique Of
q man of thirty. Mr.. de Potestad's IA
ther represented the Spanish govern
ment during the settlement of the Gu
ban claims after the Spanish-American
war. He died In Switzerland several
months ago. His son has large estate
near this city and is an American
citizen
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
PREPARES OWN FUNERAL.

Thought He Had Canosr-Provides
Corpse by Committing Suicide.
Bishop, Cal-After having prepared
carefully for his own funeral John
Shortall, a mining man, went out and
shot himself through the head
Death was instantaneous. A month
ago he had undergone an operation for
a growth on his lip and had become
obsessed with the fear that 1t was a
cancer. This led him to self destruction.
Shortall was sixty-four years old and
had been long In the Owens valley. His
mining property, a promising copper
proposition, Is located In Moclano, be-
tween Benton and Laws.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
Wisdom of Persia,

Purity is for man, next to life, the
greatest good. That purity Is procured
by the law Of Mazda to him who
cleanses his own self with good
thoughts, words and deeds.
Thou shouldst not become presump-
tuous through any happiness Of the
world, for the happiness Of the world
Is such like as a cloud that comes on a
rainy day, which one does not ward
or by any hill.-From the Zend-Avesta.
Ancient Persian Scriptures.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
P0MEROY CONSENTS TO WORK
Notorious Life Convict at Last MingIes
With Other Inmates.

Boston.-Jesse Poneroy, the states
notorious life prisoner, abandoned his
objections to the revised terms Of his
sentence and for the first time in forty
years mingled with his fellow inmates.
He has been put to work.
When Governor Mccall and his coun-
ell last January committed that pro-
vision Of POmeroy's sentence which
stipulated that he should spend his
days In solitary confinement Pomeroy
objected to the change that made him
liable to labor. His refusal to work
was punished with twenty-four hours
in dark cell and a diet of bread and
water, but he declined to yield until
recently.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
MUST NOT ABUSE FLAG.

Decorators Will Be Arrested, says
Justice Department.
Washington.-Warning against desc
Grafton Of the American flag by aliens
was issued by the department OF jus
dee The following notice was sent
to federal attorneys and marshals:
ANY alien enemy tearing down, mu-
tlAting, abusing or desecrating the
Omitted States flag In any way WIN be
regarded as a danger to the public
peace or safety within the meaning Of
regulation II Of the proclamation OF
he president, issued April g, 1911, and
YIN b subject to summary arrest and
confinement"
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
PRACTICAL HEALTH HINT.
Hardening of the Arteries.


Hardening Of the arteries can I
: not be cured. The vessels have I
: beer Overstretched day by day I
: and white, inelastic fibers have :
. taken the place Of the elastic I
|. fberS that have been lost. The :
! elastic fibers can never be re- :
!. stored. But one can regulate I
: himself so that his life may yet :
!. be long and comfortable. Tenn :
' perance in eating, drinking and :
' working must be the unalterable :
' rule Of conduct. I
' The man with arteriosclero- :
Sis should have his blood pres :
Sure taken periodically. In case
OF dizziness and a considerable
rise in pressure he should guard .
/. against apoplexy by starving
and purging. When the pressure
Uses suddenly and sharply he .
should have his urine examined
tOr albumen, as Bright's disease
= even more Of q menace than I
'pOple1y.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-06-23
Continental Congress.

The first session of the continental
congress was held In Carpenters hall,
Philadelphia, Sept 8, IVA, with forty
four members present. All the colonies
were represented except Georgia and
North Carolina. Peyton Randolph of
Virginia was president and Charles
Thomson was secretary.