The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-10-02
THE ADVERTISERS SEMI-WEEKLY
.Constantinople

/ III W. NNhIsIsl-SpE Aihi-sp--ENO City an I'll
l. civilized world has had.ssush a .yaried an
eventfu history as Cortstantinepk aItsstands VI
ON two continents, onathe weston shore OF the il
let known as the Bosphorus, aid rs barbor wi
accommodate 1900 ships. Into this inlet empt
two streams--the Cydaris and Barbysus OF tn
ancients-ths two whelps of the oracle
Bless d they who make that sacred town their home
By Pontus' mouth upon the shore of Thrace
| There where two whelps lap up the ocean foam
Where hind and fish find pasture at one place
| The Russians made repeated efforts to obtai
Constantinople even before a14s3 when the Turk
captured from the last Constantine the city whic
the first Constantine had founded more tina
eleven hundred years before Since then repeate
efforts have been made by various Russian sover
teigns to add Constantinople to the domain of tn
Cars but all were baffled by the intervention c
the other European powers, which deemed it t
their commercial and political interests that Coy
stantnople should remain Turkish city, rathe
than become part Of the Russian Empire
! In 1888 the control of the Dardanelles was b
treaty transferred from Turkey to Russia tn
western powers refused to recognize this treaty
and both France and England showed hostility t
Russia and favored the Sultan
| In l848 the Sultan incurred the enmity of tn
autocratc courts by, refusing to give up Kossut
and other exiles who had taken refuge within hi
dominions The suppression of the national Hun
garian government by Nicholas OF Russia in 1874
led the Romanoff to look forward once more t
the extinction of Turkey, and in 1858 Russia pro
posed to England plan for the division of the do
mains Of the Sultan. Instead OF accepting this pro
position England and France allied themseve
with Turkey, and the war which enSued ende
with the fall OF Sebastopol. The peace of Pari
followed. The Black Sea was neutralized, Russi
and Turkey. alike engaging to keep no warship
] and to maintain no arsenals there.
> In 1877 Russia declared war against Turkey
having first secured the neutrality of Austria b.
a secret treaty permitting that country to tax
Bosnia and Herzegovina if Russia should extern
its influence beyond the Balkans.
| England also remained neutral Lord Beacons
! field declaring only that Great Britain would no
acquiesce in any prolonged occupation of Con
Stantinople by Russian troops. 49,,
7 Russia succeeded htfhe war. In March, 1875
her army was encaniped IN the suburbs of Cor
Stantinople, and the treaty OF San Stefano fol
lowed, by which Turkey gave everything that Rus
STA demanded. ~
| To this treaty Great Britain refused to give it
assent and vigorous preparations mades 70
war Austria abandoned her neutrality, and Rus
STA consented to submit the treaty OF San Stefan
| to European congress, which, after secre
agreement had been made between Russia an
England on the principal points of difference, as
sembled at Berlin. This congress modified an
changed in many respects the treaty of San Ste
fano. 1t readjusted boundaries and sovereigntie
in Western Europe, but it explicitly excluded Rus
STA from possession or control of Constantinoplt
for it was the view of all the nations Of Europ
that it better for the interests of each that tn
possession of Constantinople should remain wit
weak and semi-civzed Turkey rather than tina
the city OF the Golden Horn should become Rus
sian metropolis.
| The exigencies Of the present war compelle
England and France to depart from this policy
and it is open secret that it is, or was, part
the compact between the Entente Allies that, a
a prize of victory, Constantnople should be a
lotted to Russia. But Russian democracy has RI
pudiated the imperialistic purpose of Nichola
Romanoff to annex COnstantinople and whateve
terms OF peace adjustments of boundaries ma
be made, it is probable that plan will be adopte
to neutralize or internationalize the city of Cor
stantinope and the straits, for it is against til
interest OF every nation in Europe and indee
of the commercial world that the great tradin
waterways OF the world should be in the hand
OF any single power.
| The policy of International control over Turke
should be maintained and extended so as to prt
vide full security for the Christian peoples Twin
within her dominion and the right of religion
| freedom
But no settlement OF the status of the Turks
Empire can be final Whatever arrangements al
made would necessarily have to be revised froi
! time to time. The maximum of freedom for til
various nationalities in the Ottoman Empire an
freedom Of trade between all its parts and equalit
of economic opportunity for all nations should b
the policy followed.
| a." '--- - IUf
The public utilities commission has announce
that the Inter-Island Steam NaVeatiA' GohPai,
keeDS taking money ont of one nocke+ and Dutt;n