davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15
REPORTS FROM DEALERS SHOW
DEC. IS SUPPLY SLIGHTLY
MORE THAN DEC. l.
SUPPLY OF STEAM COAL
is CAUSING CONCERN
Steam Coal Being Consumed Practic-
ally as Fast as 1t Is Being Received
Most Of the Stocks Of Coal on Hand
Are Kinds for Domestic Use-Cur-
tailment in Street Car Service.

Reports of local coal dealers to the
city fuel commission today shows that
the fuel supply available fr the city
has increased very slightly since Dec.
l. The increase is very small, but
the supply is quite liberal of grades Of
coal for domestic purposes. The
dealers today reported a total of 2.724
tons of coal on hand, compared with
$500 tons, as reported by the same
dealers as on hand Dec. l. A stock of
1900 tons of coke was reported on
hand compared with 2,1QO tons Dec. I.
That domestic grades Of bituminous
coal have been arriving in fairly steady
amounts was indicted by the reports
from the dealers, which were that COM
bined they had received 1853 tons
since Dec. 1. Two hundred tons OF
coke We're reported as produced in the
same two weeks.
OF hard coal there is none, and the
only phase of the situation which is
causing concern is as regards steam
COAL This grade Of coal is being con-
sumed practically as fast as it Is be-
ing received, and the few local con-
Germs that receive coal direct from
mines have only comparatively limited
supplies on hand.
The Iowa Railway and Light Com
pany has a supply Of steam to last
between two and three weeks, and it
is being given some concern by the
inability Of the mine to keep ship
ments coming. The possibility Of
threatened scarcity of steam coal has
caused to the company to curtan Its
street car service by not starting to
operate cars Sunday morning until
two hours later than usual.
There is a growing of opinion among
members OF the local defense council
and city fuel commission that there
should be conservation Of coal by the
churches, which would lessen their
consumption by uniting in union SER
vices. 1t is quite probable that con-
certed action by the defense council
and the city fuel commission will be
taken to bring this about.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15
LENNON FURNACES PROTECTED.
Supreme Court Refuses to Reconsider
Its Permanent injunction Of Fur
mace Competitor


The Lennon Furnace Company, OF
this city. again IS sustained by the
supreme court Of Iowa in the injunc-
ton which 1t obtained more than a
year ago restraining the Woot iron
Heater Company, Of Des Moines, from
duplicating or Stimulating its furnace,
commonly called ''plrating" in COM
mercial parlance.
This injunction was issued by Judge
Dudley, Of the district court in Des
Moines, since deceased. 1t was con-
firmed by the supreme court, but a
year ago the Des Moines company
asked for q rehearing by the supreme
court, and 1t has taken years time
for the court to file its opinion. which
was filed Friday overriding the motion
for a >rehearing. The permanent in
junction still stands.
The second generation Of Hubbels.
milliinaires. are backing the Woot Iron
Heater Company Of Des Moines while
the castings made from patterns which
in turn were made from Lennon Fur
mace parts, were manufactured by the
Central Foundry Company Of this city
for the Woot Iron, Heater, Company,
Of Des Moines. -tG
The Des Moines company Is not re-
strained from making steel furnace
Of its own design, but 1t is permanently
enjoined from pirating or Stimulating
Lennox furnaces so as to deceive the
public as to what 1t was buying.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15
SATURDAY MIGHT ONLY.
After-supper Special Offered by
George McCord This Evening.

After-supper Special Offered by
George Mecord This Evening.
We are Offering this evening as fea-
lures Of our Saturday night after
supper sales, the following:
Fresh cider, As cents gallon.
Bulk peanut butter is cheaper.
Twenty eight cent Wedding Break
fast cane and maple syrup, % cents.
Fifty-five cent Wedding Breakfast
cane and maple syrup, 4S cents.
Ninety-eigh cent Wedding Break
fast cane and maple syrup, 81 cents.
Ono dollar grade white syrup SO
cents.
Fifty cent grade white syrup, As
cents.
Ninety cent grade corn syrup, SO
cents.
Twenty-Five cent Log Cabin cane
and maple syrup, % cents.
Twenty-eight cent Log Cabin syrup,
25 cents.
Fifty-cent Log Cabin syrup, 45
cents.
Ninety eight cent Log Cabin syrup.
80 cents.
George c. Mccord. Phones 2s4 and
1884
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15
ADJUSTMENTS.
At the Casino.

Theda Bara In The Rose Of Blood, "
being shown at the Casino, deals with
the present unsettled and chaotic con-
ditions In the Russian empire; the Ell
forts of the bolsheviki to make q sepa-
rate peace with Germany, and the OPP
position to that plan by a party OF
revoIutionists who are using radical
methods in their desperate struggle to
stem the tide. The story Is an inter-
esting one and there are many strong
and stirring scenes.
Miss Bara appears as LisZa Topenka,
servant in the home Of Prince Ar
bassorf. Later Lisa becomes the
princes wife, and allies herself with
the revolutionary party. Attic Miss
Bara's acting Is good she has been seen
to better advantage in some Of her
previous pictures. Richard Ordunski,
who is the author Of the story, gives
a good characterization Of Vassya, q
fanatical member Of the revolutionists,
and Charles Cleary as Prince Arbas-
SORT. plays the part well.
4 rec! ct the Ps.he news weekly Is
also shown.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15
SINCLAIR FLIES IN
Former Merchant Returns From San
= Diego With Tales Of Aviators, Army
Camps, Aviation Fields, Government
Forts, and Ship Yards. Worlds Filler,
Catherine Stinson, Friend Of Family.

Catherine stinson, Friend Of Family
B. w. Sinclair, formerly proprietor
of the Sinclair store Of this city, but
for several years past q resident OF
San Diego, CAL, arrived in Marshall
town Friday afternoon to spend a few
days on business.
Mr.. Sinclair Is proudly exhibiting a
telegram which he received While en-
route from Miss Catherine Stinson
when she alighted at San Francisco
Tuesday from her flight in an aeroplane
from San Diego. breaking the record
held by Ruth Law for the longest non :
stop flight. She wired Mr.. Sinclair
who is the Ford agent for San Diego,
Arrived safely. Motor ran like a
Ford" ..-~
Mr.. Sinclair says that Miss Stinson
is refined and cultured young lady OF
about 20 years Of age, who Is close
friend Of his daughter Fredericka, and
spends much Of her time at the Sin =
clair home when in San Diego. She
has two brothers who are flyers, all
having learned in their home city OF
woman has been all over Europe in her
exhibition work.
She had a great desire to break Ruth
Laws record and to fly over the
Tchachapi mountains north OF Los
Angeles which no one had as yet done.
She planned her trip in the Sinclair
home with his help and followed the
route he suggested over the pass to
bakersfield and then along the railroad
down the San Joaquin valley.
For several days she flew over San
Diego, testing the motor of her ma
chine, and that Is what prompted her to
refer to the motor with joking re-
ference to Sinclair's business. She
started on her flight the same morning
that Mr.. Sinclair left by rail. In eight
hours and eight minutes she landed IN
San Francisco, having covered dis
lance OF $50 miles, and having passed
over the Tchachapi mountains which
are high enough to create climate Tor
southern California At Needles that
night Mr.. Sinclair got his telegram
telling him just how slow modern
travel by rail has become In comparl-
son.
Mr.. Sinclair says the San Diego has
become one vast armed camp. The
former exposition grounds In the I'M
mense city park has been turned into
a training camp for United States mar
ines, with about 10000 men. The gov
ernment's aviation field on North' Is
land has been enlarged preparatory to
training thousands Of aviators. The
government fort on the tip of Point
Iona is being enlarged for many
thousands Of men, and Camp kearney'
an army cantonment nine miles north
of San Diego, now has 10000 men IN
training. A ship building yard is IN
der construction.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15
Feruuson Red Cross Busy.

The Ferguson branch of the Red
Cross, which has already done much
work, has secured rooms over the
bank and will hereafter hold meet
ings there. The women have splendid
and active organization and they ex-
pect by Jan. to have practically ev-
ery one in Ferguson and it's vicinity a
member of the Red Cross. o..
The Ferguson branch has sent twen-
ty-five Christmas packages to the
soldiers, and since organization have
made the following articles: Seventy
nine suits Of pajamas, thirty six night
ingales, thirty seven bed shirts. ter
pairs OF bed socks, thirty-four operat-
ing caps, twelve draw sheets, forty
eight bath towels, 116 handkerchief
sixty one tray cloths, eighty napkins
ninety eight wash rags, thirty pairs Of
socks, seven sweaters, four pairs wrist
lets and seven scarfs
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15
NO EXTRA VACATION.
Schools Close Next Friday For Two
Weeks' Holiday Recess.

Schools Close Next Friday For Two
Weeks Holiday Recess.
The Marshalltown public schools will
close next Friday, Dec. 81, for two
weeks Christmas vacation and open
again on Monday, Jan. 7. There is
nothing but rumor in the story that the
schools were to close for four weeks
on account Of fuel shortage.
Superintendent Palmer said today
that> there was no likelihood of fuel
shortage at present. Three Of the
buildings have six weeks supply Of
coal on hand. Two Of them could run
for two months without more COAL The
high school has reserve supply, good
for two weeks, and local fuel dealers
believe that they will be able to supply
the school without interruption.
Mr.. Palmer says that some Of the
older buildings would need to be kept
above the freezing point with some fire
even if school were closed, and with
5000 children running in and out Of the
homes Of the city he thinks that the
waste of fuel to the homes would be
f,1lly as much as could be saved by
banking the fires in the school build
ingS.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15
PUPILS RECITAL.

Sherwood Music School Pupils Will
Appear in Recital.
Piano pupils of the Marshalltown
branch Of the Sherwood Music School
of Chicago together with pupils Of
voice and pipe organ, will appear in
recital Monday evening at the Seventh
Day Adventist church.
Complimentary tickets may be OBJ
tanned from any of the pupils or by
calling at the studios 211-212 Masonic
Temple. Loa Scheeler, director.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15
CONFIRMATION 1880 p. NJ.

The Rt. Rev. Harry s. Lonsley, D. D.
at the Episcopal Church, Sunday
Evening. .....
The Episcopal church services for
Sunday are as follows: Sunday school,
9:45; morning prayer and sermon, IL,
subject, Related Life; confirmation
and evening prayer 1880, Bishop
Longley will preach the sermon. Please
note the Vesper service is omitted
for this date only. Committee.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

and few good voices. were heard.
The comedy Jared we'll in the hands OF
Fred Binder, BILLY" Harris and Tom"
Robinson, and Madge Devoe won much
favor in her snappy song numbers. A
feature Of the performance was Athena
Hananie and her eight dancing nymphs
in a series of semi classical dances.
The audience was small.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15
Mason. Elect Officers.

The following officers were elected
by Marshall Lodge, NO. 1os. A. F. and
A. M, Friday night: Worshipful mas
ter, Bernard English; senior warden,
A. L. Frazier; Junior warden, Albert
Berg; treasurer, w. B. Williams; sec
rotary, John ". Wells; trustee. Z. T.
Forbes. ~.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15
also shown.
AZ the odeon.

What was declared generally TO have
been one Of the best burlesque shows
OF the season was the performance
given at the Odeon, Friday evening" ~
the Girls From the Follis9 company.
The chorus was exceptionally sood Tor
psrfesaees o. : sfmiIaf chaSactefs
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Notice to Gas and Electric Consumers.
Watch for the discount date on your
bills. If you do not receive your bills
within two days after your meters are
read, phone us for duplicates 10 you
can save the discount. Iowa Railway
and Light Company.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Mr.. and Mrs o. E. Beekley and
daughter, Bernice of Union, were Wis
itors in the city Friday
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Mrs. Emma Evans. Of State CenttI
spent Friday in the city with her
daughters, Mesdames Glen Merrill and
Harry Hopkins.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Mrs. E. H. Schilling, of State Center
spent Friday in the city with Mrs
Belle Travis.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Mr.. and Mrs. w. H. Stipp spent the
day in State Center as the guests of
Miss Alice Dobbin.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Misses Myrtle Clemens and Hazel
Mccormick, Of Union, visited in the
city Friday with Mrs. G. A. Rubottom.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Mesdames Mary Benson and Ellen
Woodward, of Lamoille, spent Friday
in the city.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

D. II. Denmead and D. G. Bechtel,
Jr, returned home Friday from a bus
mess trip to Des Moines.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Miss Christine Rupelt, Of Steamboat
Rock, was in the city Friday.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Misses Myrtle and Bernice Flower, Of
Gearing, spent Friday In the city.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

ans Club will meet Monday afternoon
at 230 in the Y. w. G. A. rooms.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Mrs Anna Plevets and. daughter,
Miss Vlasta Plavets, OF Lamoille, were
in the city Friday.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Stuart Wilbur, aged IA, North
Fifth avenue was taken into CUSTODY
by Deputy Sheriff Goodale this fore
noon on a chargejof being incorrigibie,
filed by the lads parents.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15
CITY IN BRIEF

Cameras. Ideal gifts. Camera Shop.
Mrs. William Penn, of Eldora, spent
Friday in the city.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15
Developing and printing. Can

Mr.. and Mrs. Bert Olson, Of Colo,
spent Friday in the city.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Always ask your grocer for Sweet
Home bread. Central bakery.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Mrs. D. w. Davis Of Boone. Mo has
been visiting for three weeks with her
niece, Mrs. G. H. Nelson, at LiscomD,
was in the city Friday while on her
way home.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Mrs p. III. Humphrey, daughter-in-
law, MRS. H. B. Humphrey and Mrs.
III. A. Nichols, all OF Minerva, were In
the city Friday. ~
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Fred Elder and Miss Rosetta Gerksa,
of State Center, spent Friday in the
civ sssEa laet ts 4s e,
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Mr.. and Mrs. A. b. Crandon, Of Gil
man, were In the city Friday.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Mesdames Rachel Sanders and Frank
McLennan, Of Grinneli spent Friday In
the city, ~ wv . sI..
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15
Columbia grafonolas and tscords
Camera Shop.

All the makes in Eastman Kodaks
Old Reliable Drug Company.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Miss Hazel McLeland came from
Grinnell Friday evening to spend the
weekend with her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs, w. E. McLeland in Taylor town
shin
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Send the boys" a kodak for Christ
mas. Old Reliable Drug Company.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Trench candy ready to send. Old Re-.
liable Drug Company.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Lieut.. Edwin F. Kallenberg left Fri
day evening for Kansas City, where
he will take position as inspector in
the stock yards for the government UNI
til he is called into the service.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

at ~ IN the Y. w. -. "A. rooms.
Miss Hazel McLeland came from
Grinnell Friday evening to spend the
weekend with her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. w. E. McLeland, in Taylor town
ship.
Mrs. D. w. Davis, Of Boone. Mo has
been visiting for three weeks with her
niece, Mrs. G. H. Nelson, at LscomD
was in the city Friday while on her
way home.
Miss Pearl Whaley, who is teaching
school at Clemens, came Friday even.
ing for a weekend visit with her per-
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. e. E. Whaley,
southwest Of the city.
Miss Lyllis Busch, who Is teaching
domestic science In the public schools
at Newburg, came Friday evening for
week END visit with her parents, Mr..
and Mrs. A. H. Busch.
Mrs. L. c. Clark, Of Gearing, accom-.
panied by Mrs. E. Stonebrake, of Chap
In, who has been visiting at the Clara
home, were In the city Friday, the lat
ter being on her way home
The annual Christmas bazaar and
supper Of the aid society Of Central
Church Of Christ held Friday at the
church proved very successful. The
ladies' served 275 patrons and sold all
Of the articles made for the bazaar.
- g
Mrs. Augusta Nordstrum and son
Fred returned Friday evening from
Waverly where they have been in at
tendance at the funral Of the for
mers brother, Alfred Lndquist, who
died at his home in Waverly Wednes-
day. s.; 81,
Fifteen guests were pleasantly enter
tanned Friday evening by Mr.. and Mrs.
Fred DERRICK at their home. 107 West
Webster street. The hours were en-
joyed with music and Ave hundred. at
ter which Mrs. DERRICK served refresh
ments.
Quilting Tor the hostess occupied the
afternoon Tor the members Of tho Car
workers Auxiliary. VINO met FRIDAY at
the homo d Mrs. r. II. Grim, ~ South
Third stEset After : short buSlness
ss10ioA the AestAss ssrvsa s(fresh-
- - as
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Miss Pearl Whaley, who is teaching
school at Clemens, came Friday even.
ing for weekend visit with her per-
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. e. e. Whaley,
southwest OF the CITY,
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-12-15

Miss Lyllis Busch, who is teaching
domestic science In the public schools
at Newburg, came Friday evening for
q week END visit with her parents, Mr..
and Mrs A. H. Busch.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-05-18

try Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com
pound. / took six bottles and today |
am healthy woman able to do my own
homework. l wish every suffering
woman would try Lydia E. Pinkham' 3
Vegetable Compound. and find out for
themselves how good it is. ~ Mrs. CARL
A. KIEso, $50 North Ave, Aurora, Ill.
The great number Of unsolicited tes-
timonials on file at the Pinkham Lab
oratory, many of which are from time
to time published by permission, are
proof of the value of Lydia E. Pink
hams Vegetable Compound, in the
treatment of female ills.
Every ailing woman in the United
States is cordially invited to write to
the Lydia E. Pinkham Medicine Co.
(confidentiaD, Lynn, Mass, for special
advice 1t is free. Wi! bring you health
and NAV ---
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-05-18
GOVERNOR NAMES HIS
COUNCIL OF DEFENSE
important Body Consists of Sixteen Men and a Woman
and Will Cooperate With the National Council of
Defense in Organizing esources

Maintain standards in the matter of
labor. including health and welfare of
sworkers; also maintain standards of
living
Prepare system of clearing houses so
that the workers and the employer may
be put in contact with each other.
Assist in getting workers to use their
broken time" in helping farmers.
Assist in getting idle workers and
boys under military age to work on
farms.
Have mining bureau which will
communicate with tho director OF the
Bureau of Mines at Washington and aid
in increasing the output of minerals
useful in war.
Aid in affording facilities for the
government to collect its var revenue.
Assist in the flotation of the Liberty
Loan.
Have q fish commission which will
work with the commissioner of fisheries
10 increase the supply of such food
Create central food production or
ganization. possibly including in its
membership representatives, of farmer
organizations, agricultural colleges, etc.
Urge the production of staple non
perishable food crops. and plan for
every community TO supply its own
food requirements as far as possible:
urging that crops which are planted be
in reference. first TO the needs of the
home. and with especial emphasis on
the needs of next winter; also encour-
aging the greater use of home grown
foods. thus reducing imports
Conduct a campaign to reduce waste
in the home.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-05-18
TIMES BUREAU,
AT STATE CAPITAL.

INDIANAPOLIS. IND. May Is
Governor Goodrich has announced the
appointment of the following members
of the Indiana Council OF Defense:
VIII Fl. Hays. sullivan. chairman.
Charles w. Fairbanks. indianapolis
Thomas Tagart. French Lick
Evans woollen. president of the
Fletcher Savings and Trust company.
Indianapol
w. G. Irwin Columbus. manufacturer
and capitalist.
James L. Reach. Indianapolis com
mission merchant and food price expert
II. r. Kurrie. Chicago president of
the Monon railroad,
Arthur W. Brady. Anderson. president
OF the Indiana Union Traction Com
pany.
Isaac Strauss, Ligonier. banker and
farmer.
DR.. Charles P. Emerson. indianapolis.
dean of Indiana University School of
Medicine.
Charles Fox. Terre Haute president
Of the state Federation of Labor
Ed Reynolds. Charlottesville. grain
dealer.
Morton Wilson. Anderson farmer.
George AIDE. Brook. author.
VIII J. Freeman. Terre Haute presi-
dent OF the Indiana Coal Operators AS
ISOLATION.
Nathan squibbs. I-awrenceburg
manufacturer.
Mrs. Carolyn Fairbanks. Fort Wayne
president of the Indiana Federation of
Clubs.
The Governor has had this subject
under consideration for some time and
has made a careful canvas Of the state
TO find the right persons for this i'm
portant duty. He will call the MEM
bers of the council for a conference at
the state house within the next few
days.
The subjects which will fall to the
lot of the state council of defense TO
handle: promote patriotic spirit. Edu-
cate as 70 the ma gnitude OF the task
ahead.
Aid in recruiting the national guard.
the army and the navy.
Assist in carrying out the enrolment
for the army to be raised by conscrip-
ton. and plan a holiday for the day of
enrolment.
Assist in determination of exemp-
tons from draft on account of indus
trial. agricultural and other reasons.