davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-02-22

"T1 NOW the ingredients Of your
bread and you will know the
IN causes Of Its defects" 30
says Miss Marion r. Brough-
ton, specialist In home economics In
the Kansas State Agricultural college.
these defects are mostly physical
and the most frequent cause Is poor
-four. II the -four ID poor the gluten
In poor. and the color OF bread de-
ponds upon the gluten. Gluten forms
the framework Of the bread. and II II
Ia poorly developed In the four II will
make the bread coarse
BREAD should not be oiled when put
I'm the pans. Fat when baked brings
out the defects In the bread. A hard
crust Is caused by the unequal distri-
button Of the fat when oiled.
SECURING OF bread II caused by too
much carbon dioxide and too little
oxygen. This can DO remedied BY
thorough kneading. Large holes that
are often found can be worked out BY
kneadIng. When rolling the bread I'd
put into the pans be sure to leave no
crcases underneath the ioaf. TOR these
will show when baked.
"Bread II scored In contests upon
the flavor. color. form and thorough
ness Of baking. Flavor Of perfect
bread should be good and sweet II
an acid flavor IL noticed. there has
been too long a fermentation.
THE musty flavor often noticed In
bread Is caused by old -four, and II
the favor Is the least bit OF the lard
Il too strong or too much salt has been
used
"a starter Is commonly used among
the farmers wives. The jar In which
II is kept should be washed frequent
ly. and a cover should be over II oil
the time. There In nothing In the su-
perstition that II the Jar II washed
the starter win be ruined"
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-02-22
Right Type Of Patriotism.

Every American who does not think
his land the fairest that ever the sun
shone on. his own state the finest In
the Union, and his town the best place
In which to live has not reached the
same celestial plane Of Joy and pa
triotism as the foreigner. who thinks
his little wind-swept bog is the happi-
est spot In the happiest land the good
God ever made. This Is the love Of
country that glorifies a land and the
people that inhabit It. This is what
makes every hill and valley. every
rock and rill, the most beautiful In the
world, because II II ours, made sacred
and beautiful by the memories woven
around it.-Exchange.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-02-22
FORESTRY LORE.
How TO Measure the Diameter ef the
Trsss on Your Place.


The owner Of wood lot who wishes
to estimate the number Of board feet
I'm the timber he Is to sell must know
the diameter OF the tree. This is most
easily measured by means Of tree cal
ipers. but an ordinary carpenters steel
square can be used In the following
manner:
The square Is kept horizontal. Both
arms are placed In contact with the
tree. the shorter one pointing away
from the operator. A narrow strip OF
wood can then be laid against the op-
posite side Of the tree and parallel to
the short arm. The diameter OF tho
tree will then be indicated on the long
arm.
II In customary to measure tree d.
ameters at breast height or about four
and one-half feet from the ground
United States Department OF Agricui-
tureL
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-02-22
FOUR FOOT ALFALFA ROOT

Tuesday there was brought TO our
Office an alfalfa root taken from
clay soil on the farm Of M. L. Sphinx
near the Walnut Meadow pike.
This root is a convincing argu-
ment that alfalfa is an excellent
growth Of plant life.
II more attention should be given
to the propagation Of this valuable
plant in this section our farmers
would have a proposition worth
while. Why not start alfalfa on
your farm?
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-02-22
MOUNTAIN AGRICULTURE
by Spence FERN Demonsrator and specs
Inyes tfQator
Investigator

is in honor bound 10 foster. Such q
cooperation is merely working to
gether for the public good or for
the good Of the greatest number.
The organizer Of cooperative so
cieties who uses hate and envy as
his weapons is a demagogue. He Is
also a traitor to civilization.
The government has no right To
cater to the producer without con-
sidering the rights of the consumer,
the carrier and the distributor.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-02-22
COOPERATION
COOPERATION
Some Fundamentals Necessary to
Success-Must Be Fair First

to All Concerned
Like every other good thing, the
word cooperation" is being abused.
A cooperation in order TO be fair TO
the community must have no special
privilege which the individual, part
nership or corporation cannot enjoy.
Corporations must be based on
business principles or they cannot
stand.
Corporations based on the some
thing for nothing idea" cannot
stand.
Corporations which trust to the
government paying all expenses and
doing all the work free for its men,
bers cannot stand.
The success of many co-opera-
lions, so-called, is due to the disin-
terested community service Of one
or two men. So long as they can
donate their services without any
financial reward, the cooperation
will apparently thrive.
There is nothing miraculous
about cooperation. The stock COM
panies which in most all states are
called corporations have exactly
the same animus in their organiza-
ton that other forms of business
have. That is combination for pri-
vate gain.
Whether this be a sin or not de-
ponds altogether on who makes the
profit.
Some people think that farmers
and laboring men have right to do
things which in a railroad and
banks would be criminal.
Cooperation will never perma-
nently succeed until its members
consider the benefits TO the whole
community. SO long as it is a few
organized to fight the many, the
many will properly fight back.
Corporations which are formed
to- tear down community life, are
built upon the sand and personal
greed like the tapping tide begins
undermining it from the first.
A cooperation which in protect
ing the rights Of one group, en-
croaches on the rights Of others, Is
bound to fail.
Corporations built on the same
ideas as our public schools are
proper and necessary.
We must cooperate in all Of the
things which affect our neighbor-
hood. The government has no right
to pay the bills of any cooperation
simply because it is called farm
ers' cooperation. The government
has no moral right to organize one
part of a community against an
other part.
Those theorists who prescribe CO
operation as a panacea for all ills
are generally men who themselves
have never had to meet payroll.
Have paid little, if any, taxes. Have
given little, if any, community SER
vice.
However, every community needs
and must have a cooperative organ
izatiOn but it must be based upon
broad humanity. Those in the CO
operation must give public service.
Such cooperation the government
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-02-22
How to Iron Collars and CUFFS Like .
Chinaman.

when doing up collars and cuffs put
the articles In cold starch made by
mixing a tablespoonful OF starch with
a pint Of cold water. Just before iron
Ing rub on little white soap, hard;
then with a clean white. damp cloth
rub lightly on the right side a little
prepared French chalk: cents worth
will last a long time. The iron win
glide along and will give beautiful
gloss.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-02-22

Won't Cookie or Shrink.
The delicate colored crepe de chine
blouse requires great care In launder.
ing. II may be Numbered. however. to
look nearly As well as when bought.
Use tepid water and pure white soap.
which should be made into a suds and
garment washed between the hands.
To keep the beautiful shade q small
piece Of Grape paper Of the same color
as the blouse must be put into the
rinsing water. Use the paper just as
you would bluing. II garment is faded
make a dye for II by boiling a lit
tie Of the Grape paper in water and
then dip the blouse In II. Hang In
shade till partly dry-that Is. just
damp enough to press well-then iron
II on the wrong side.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-02-22
How to Remove Grease Spots From
Fabrjos

Spread one teaspoonful Of butter
evenly ON the spot and let II remain
there until the grease has become thor
oughly soft. Then wash out In soft
soapy water. and the stain win come
out. This will be found valuable. espe-
cially for children's delicate dresses.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-02-22
RHAPSODY.

WHEN all IL cooked and all, 10 eaten
w There Is one pie that can't b
beaten.
When all Ia said and all In thunken
There 10 no pie that equals pumpkin.
Exchange
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-02-22

Egg games we're celebrated by the
ancient Romans In egg shaped arenas.
the winners receiving baskets OF eggs
as prizes.
The Lamar register., 1917-10-10
snIl.hLe. AT. cllrl.L.

But the Aaerlral docs love to save
his words. Il was Iu iIe elevator Of
s=y The o.acr Cay uat thl
newest device Tor clipping g ables
was nudygL Tie Iltt Lgu Just passed
the tenth luur wien uur.-a looking
man spoke 90 its conductor "lrae,'
said he, meaning, OF cuusH.. Oh. llEr.
tccuth. When he I'd been .. . .ne
floor the bearded man taF cu
1--WE" and the chap ug na sia
hurricdly seven So tl.y va.a ..-
posted at the fifteenth aud seven
tecuth floors, respectively, aud then
the elevator boy spoke To- tla remain.
iug passenger. "NEuars yaWsF" ne
nskcd. "NIuotcgn," returned that
gentleman. "Grcat smoke. IL has been
so long since I've heard a teen that
hardly understand what you mean
said the elevator hoy, but He stopped
at nineteen all ri-ht.-ENchaugc
The Lamar register., 1917-10-10
SOLVING a Golf Problem.

It was the Office OF the great sport
ing paper, and the golf editor was tax
ing a holiday. In his absence the In
quliies from readers which the golf
ing man answered through his CORE
spondence column were handed TO the
racing editor.
(Which is the better course" asked
an ardent follower Of the royal anc
ancient game. "to fuzzle ones putt
or to fetter on the teef'
The turfrnan tilted back in his chair
and smoked five cigarettes before TAX.
ing his pen in hand. Then, when he
had come to a decision on the weighty
problem. he wrote as follows:
"Should a player snaggle his Iron
It is permissible for him to fuzzle his
putt; but better plan would be to
drop his guppy into the pringle and
snoodle 1t out with a niblick."
The Lamar register., 1917-10-10
LAWNS NOW POTATO FIELDS
Velvety Parks Of the Show Places Of
France Transformed to Meet
Economic Crisis.

The rare American tourists who visit
the chateau of Touraine In France
may find the velvety parks of the
most interesting show places trans
formed into potato patches.
Arlstocrncy has taken up the "tuber
campaign" and, beginning with the
Countess of Noalllcs and the Duchess
d'Uzcs, chatelalncs all over the coun-
try have promised to dig up their
lawns and plant vegetables. Flower
gardens, also, viii be consecrated to
The solution Of the economic crisis.
The rose, the vine and the orchard
are not TO be touched, but all annual
flowers and all green swards must
give way to the democratic potato. in
the interest of the national defense.
Since there is not enough labor for
the farm lands already under cult-
walton, the temporary release from the
army Of n greater number of farmers
md the importation Of more Indo-C Chi
uesc and North African labor IS ex-
pccted to count more effectively in
solving the agricultural problem than
the ciroCts to transform the chateau
paris into vegetable gardens.
The Lamar register., 1917-10-10
SPAIN FULL OF MUSIC NOW
Bands Of Hungarian eyFslsE Fled
From France at Beginning Of
War TO Avoid lnternment.

Spain is filled with music. At near
ly any hour OF night or day one cah
hear the twanglng and twlnglng of
musical instruments. The country Is
Ovorrun by orchestras of Hungarian
gyp sizes.
These bands are among the most IA
nous IN Europe. They usually are To-
Gated at Paris, Monte Carlo, Nice and
other centers OF gay life. When the
war began these players, being Hun
garians, had to get out of France or
De iuterued as enemies. II they had
returned to Hungary they would have
had to put rifles ON their shoulders in
place Of vlolins. SO they all migrated
Into Spain, filling the country with
music.
Spain already had its share of gyp-
sizes, relies Of the days Of the Moors.
These greeted The newcomers with
open arms. They play together and
often hold grand entertainments, at
which one Of the Hungarian gypsy
bands play, an Austrian-Pollsh gypsy
sings and a Spanish gypsy dances.
Pastor ImperiO, the fiery queen Of the
spanish gypslos who married the king
ot the bull fighters, Guyio, is one OF
LHe star dancers.
Il Is said the weird, Oriental strains
Of the Eastern gyusles combining with
The wild t0reador music of the Span
iurds makes strange but pleasing
music. \ few bars Of American rag
time is introduced now and then to
give dash to the dancing of the tango
and oue-step. This medley of music Is
heard everywhere, at entertainments,
heaters, hotels, concert halls and even
.n the streets, for Spain is crowded
with these wandering players.
The Lamar register., 1917-10-10
LAST OF THE carrie INDIANS
Not More Than one Hundred OF Race
Which co,-u.us Found in West
Indies Are san Alive.

The Curib Indian was 'ho Irst repre-
sentative o' 10, the uu-I red man, TO
meet ,Hg tide of European travel. He
was tha one found by Columbus and
Ile later Spanish explorers u tho West
Indies, and hn bass giEsu lhc Caribbean
sl. his mMa. Thus ha is assured
monument us long aus geography shall
last, uud hc uccfa il, because as q Ily.
ing race he has practically disgp-
peare1.
How many thousands Of Caribf
dwplt in the West Indies iu 1872 it
largely a matter Of conjecture. They
quickly D. 10 10 die ogg under The
hand OF Jln cOu0urFUr, who worked
them as slaves and shot them when
they made war. Today it is doubtful
whether there are 100 pme-lloudcl
Carihs alive. Practically uIl of them
live uu tGe British Isle of Dominica, on
q reservation scJ apart for thyu called
SgIybiE
Tie walton is very difficult Of
uccosH TO- .urg is Uo sheltered EGr-
bor or landing place. Thr only method
Of approach ls by one of The Cuasiiua
steamers which circle the island.
When the steamer auLs opposite SH.
lyblu with anyone vino wants To land
aboard, She .uua and whistles. If the
weather ls good and tHe water smooth
enough. a canoe puts Uut and .a-es the
uussgu ar ashore. TT ,he weather is
too rough the passenger must needs
cuntcn. himself to go ON around the
island and try agau au ,En MOST round
The Lamar register., 1917-10-10
HE DIDN'T UNDERSTAND THEM
But He Could Tell Folks at Home
That He Had Seen Exhibits in
Art Museum, Anyway.

He was little and bent and aged and
@ queer old felt hat Topped about his
cars. But his eyes were bright and
his chin stuck out at an aggressive
luEle.
He evidently was on the home
stretch through the Metropolitan Mu-
scum OF Art, He stood gazing with
puzzled expression Mt n Venus de Milo.
Then he passed on TO piece of fine
art, a pair of sculptured legs which
apparently We're speeding through mid
alr for no reason at all and with no
body to support. After gazing at these
Cor some time the little man from Hi
Uoller or some such point scratched
his head, then turned and made bee
line for the outside door, a relieved
expression on his face.
"Wel. doEgonei l give 'em the once
over, anyhow" he was heard to NUT
ter. "And can tell that to the folks
at hum New York Herald.
The Lamar register., 1917-10-10
ReIlnlon Of Russla.

Christianity was introduced into
Russia in the ninth century. The rs
tabllshcI church of Russia, TO which
the great majority of thl Inhabitants
belong, Is Identical In doctrine with
and is a branch of the GrguE church.
The liturgy used Is tho same as that
originally used by the church mt Con
stantinoplc, when CunsauuuUple wHs
the capital OF the Eastern Roman en-.
pire, before the coming nf the Turks.
This liturgy i'm the Russ an church is.
however, not raal ia Greek, but in
the Slavon.c lgu-ug-c. Tho official
name of the religion I'm RI .a is The
Orthodox Catholic faith-iIc word
Catholic being used in its general
sense. universal or worldwide. Sixty
six per cent Of the Russian people are
Of this faith, and the census OF 1913
showed = population Of 1S2,1s2,COo.
The Lamar register., 1917-10-10
is BUILDING or MANY HUEs
St. 6asPs Church in Moscow Con-
struoted With View TO Avoiding
All Symmetry in Color or Form.


The Tremlin. perhaps the most ia
nous spot In Russia, stands on Erem-
lin hill, nearly I'M the center of Mos
COW. The mill is roughly triangular
in shape and nearly hundred feet
high, though # seems even higher.
looming above the city. The wallis Of
the KremIn circle the liil and tine
golden domes Of the churches within
may be sccu above them from almost
any part of the city.
Entering the inclosure tHr1ush the
Sunday gate, you find you r.ng
two monster bronze figures r .-na-J
discuncertingly fierce. The. ra
OF the two men who dr1E. ... Eu.es
from Moscow 300 years ago. aud have
been gratefully remembered ever since,
although their methods were somewhat
crude and merclIcss, as perhaps be-
fitted their time. The average visitor
gives small thought TO these two
bronze figures, however, for ut the
end of the square beyond them is one
OF the Ia It startling bits Of building
that Europe holds.
This is the church Of st. Basil, an
amazing mixture OF every form and
color that the Imagination of the urch!-
tect could evolve. Ii is hard 10 call
1t ugly, aud IL is certainly not beuui.
ful. Every hue OF lue rainbow is rep
resented on It's walls, though rich reds
and Colds prcl3miuatu. Every one Of
Its numerous domg5 uuI lowers Is of q
dlngreul shape anu size from its fell
|.H r...f f #.. .. a#f
nightmare, aud yet it is Uud.uiIbly cr-
fectiye. It i8 perhaps ,Aa only build
ing In the world constructed win a
careful view TO avoiding all symmetry
In color or furu.
The Lamar register., 1917-10-10
r. J. AIcGItArIi

Date OF first pub. Oct 3, 1871.
Date Of second pub. Oct 10, 1911.
Date Of third pup. Oct. IL 1871.
The Lamar register., 1917-10-10
New raIklnn "Movies.n

Application has been made for a
patent on very elaborate device
which would produce combination Of
the clncmatograph and the phonograph
TO give us moving pictures wherein the
characters not only move but speak
The idea OF such pictures is not new,
but the difficulties Of synchronlzlng
have hitherto proved insurmountable.
BY synchronlzing is meant the exact
coincidence of the motion picture, pro-
iectcd 10y one machine, with the speech
supposed TO proceed from the char
actors, which Is produced by quite an
other Unless the speech comes at
the right instant, the result is laugh
able rather than impressive. In the
proposed device the actual speech of
the character is transmitted by wire
less telephone to n phonograph whose
complex receiving mechanism is syn
chronized with the movements of the
moving picture camera.
The Lamar register., 1917-10-10
NOTICE oF CONTEST
Department Of the Interior

Department Of the Interior
United States Land once, Lamar, Col
oraoo, sept u, 1871.
40 Lois huitgJeu oil springfield anu
Lamar. CoIOIauo, Coutestye:
lOu are ueryDy uuLI4luu Ludt Belle l..
SIM IN, VINO gives Laular, toIOlduo' de-
nis postOmCu HuurUaa, uld On -Aub ua-
oUJn, 1874, ME IA TINS once ms uul-
uDrroDOrHLed appllcatIOn 10 contest dhe
secure the cancellation OIL your Home
stead Entry, SERIAL 40 v--ttO' hiau'
NUyemDer IUth, 1910, lor tne Esz 81
" - 81 "a. oE % 81 Scc- 40 ana y NJ .s
NJ =. Ela NEs4 Oh Section -. Tow Ia
snip - SOutn, IsuuEu 90 Nest, OLu
Principal Mcrldldu. and as grounds 10.
ms contest he alleges tnut said, L-"'-
land that he has rallied To esLaDIis4
residence thereon since date OF vntIy
tndt such dcIaIls exist 10 TINS adtt
and that SAID entry man rs not SHs"r
IN military or naval service OF tht
United taLCs as "a private soldier OF
ucer. seaman, marine, national Buarua-
zaLIon for OItuusc OF defense auluorIA-
cd Dy congress during any war a.
which the United states may DC eHsas
You are. therefore. further nouu,,
that the said allegations Wall be laNtl
as confessed. ami your SAID entry WIZ
be cancolel without further rlEnt 10 b.
heard. either before this ONCE or on
appeal, IL you faIl to Iilc in LuIs OH,
yfithin twenty days after the FOURTH
publication OF this notice, as shoWn %
low, your answer. under outh, speciil-
chlly icspohulhb 70 lhtaS aAALaAtAe %
contest. together with due PROOF inc
you nave served a copy OF your ausss.
on the said contestant either in pcrsui
or by registered mail
You should state in your answer Jh.
name OF the postUtiice TO which you de-
sire future notices to be sent to you.
A. l.. BEANEIsS,
Register.
r. !. McGRArh,
Receiver.
Date OF first pub. Oct 3, 1871.
Date OF second pub. Oct. 10, 1917.
Date OF third pup. Oct. II, 1917.
Date OF fourth pub. Oct. q, l9lt.
The Lamar register., 1917-10-10
Heat.ResIstIna MaterlaI.

A heat-resisting composition of spe-
cial value in constructing easements in
heating apparatuses, shingles, chimney
shelves, ct cetera, is n combination of
cement and asbestos. Two Swiss ar
chItects are responsible for the lnven-
tiOn of this fire-proof material.
The Lamar register., 1917-10-10

Ns------0-zH-1-r "a
The herald., 1917-08-09
NOTHING is WASTED THERE
erything Is Utilized, Especially II
Ii Is Made Of Wood or Tin.

Hayti is one country where almost
everything is utilized, particularly if
the substance be wood or tin. Lum-
Der is $50 per 1000. and any substi-
tute for it is eagerly welcomed.
For instance, a partition fence be-
longing to some well-to-do people on a
prominent street is made Of the tops,
bottoms and sides of packing boxes
that contained cans of condensed
milk; two doors further on is a fence
made of old barrel slaves and packing
box strips for fencing is by no means
uncommon"
Tin cans, with the solder melted off
and the tops and bottoms removed, are
fiattened out and used as shingles, In
mending fences, patching holes and
for numerous other purposes.
The five-gallon oil cans, however, are
priced and cherished family posses
sions. These cans have regular mar
ket value of Is to 20 cents gold. 1t Is
no unusual occurrence for a woman to
buy five-gallon can Of kerosene, hoist
1t to her head and tramp all day ped
ding the oil in small Quantities-at
cost, If she can do no better-just for
the sake of obtaining the tin.
These receptacles are used for carry
ing water, boiling clothes and storing
and cooking food.
The tins in which five pounds of lard
come have q value of 10 cents gold,
and are a standard measure, known To-
cally as a mantle" They are used as
q dry measure generally for corn,
beans, salt and the like.
Even the square tins in which
are shipped are sold at to
10 cents each.-Kansas City Journal.
The herald., 1917-08-09
BURB0T IS FRESH-WATER COD
Species Which Inhabits Northern Part
OF Western Hemisphere Has q
voracious Appetite.

The burbot has the distinction Of
being the only fresh-water member Of
the cod family, all of its relatives liv-
Ing In the sea. Its habitat circles the
earth, two almost indistinguishable
species being found, one each, in the
lakes and larger streams of the north
.ern parts of the two hemispheres. In
North America it occurs from the Arc
tic circle, and perhaps beyond it, to
the Ohio and Missouri rivers, being
particularly abundant in the Great
Lakes and the larger waters of New
England, New York, Canada and
Alaska.
1t is said to spawn in the winter and
early spring and like most of its fam
lily Is exceedingly prolific, estimates of
the number Of eggs ranging from 16O,-
600 In a medium-sized fish to $4,000
In a large one. Its voracity is notori-
Gus. BY day it hides in the holes and
crannies Of the bottom or in the deep
er waters, but at night it goes forth
to prey on other fishes, crawfishes,
and, at least in early life, on aquatic
Insects and fish eggs. Its highly dis
tensible stomach is as elastic as its
appetite and 1t takes q heavy toll of
Its neighbors, the particular trait
which has brought 1t into disfavor with
the fishermen who brook no rivalry in
their calling.