davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-07

4 FTER months Of stole acceptance
~ of what the public was urged
- to look upon as the inevitable
England has at last reached the deter
mination to adopt new methods. She has
come to the admission that reprisals for
bomb-dropping can no longer be avoided.
The people are reported to have been
reused TO a degree of fury which at
length the government can no longer APP
Tease otherwise than by promising swift
vengeance.
1--WE will give it back TO them" cried
Lloyd George, addressing on Wednesday a
crowd of poor people from the southwest
district Of London, "and we will give it to
them soon. We shall bomb Germany with
compound interest"
The British press is said to have under
gone a complete change of heart-that is,
such portions of it as have stood out
against reprisals on the score that they
accom- plished relatively little For exam
rle, The Manchester Guardian" one Of
the representative organs of the oppoSi-
ton, has now swung round.
A dispatch from London carries this
succinct epitome of the whole emotional
experience which has now attained frui-
;ion in the Prime Minister'S promise:
what the people of London are asking
is why they should undergo these attacks
without the Germans having to suffer sim
iiarly'
Authorizations of a changing attitude IN
London are reflected in a recent dispatch
sent by the staff correspondent Of The
Tribune:
az has taken the British, with their Gus
tomaT. rctcerco, a long time 10 realize
that thc.r capital now is in the war zone;
but w that they are convinced Of that fact
they we set about preparing for the raids
with choir customary rhoroughness.
DO the most part, the old slogan, safety
first LAS become the rule, but there are still
manv whose curiosity TO witness spectacle
leads 'hcm into unnecessary risks. A show
such as last nights raid produced Is almost
worth the risk The whole heavens are
dottol with little, wnking lights. Each in
finite. nal fash Is accompanied by a hollow
pop. There is the crash rs the anti-sircraft
guns cut loose the weird whine, resembling
3 do bayirc ~ the moon. as the she'll tears
through the night; then the muffed report
IS the missile czpiodcs two miles In the ar.
Above al can be heard the unmistakable
droninc and throb Of the Gotha engines,
punctuated by the deeper roar Of the bombs
bursting in The city below.
"Vhen the raiders come between the
watchers and the moon there is a never-to-
be-forgctten spectacle: Little white pufTs
from the bursting shells hanging motion
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-07

less in the sky. rs though some one had ia
ken a powder puff and rapidly dotted the
deep blue curtain Of the heavens.
zone result Of this unending storm Of
bombs which the Germans. through the me
dium Of the Gothas. have sent hurting into
the enemy's capital has been final and
definite change in regard to the policy of re-
rrisals.
All England is now demanding that Ger
man cities receive from British fiers the
same punishment that has been visited upon
London for the last week.
"'The Evening Standard states, 'on the
highest authority that the government is
paving special attention TO the question of
ronrisals for German air attacks on Lon
don and other places II says
"'There is no qualification about the de-
cisou of the government TO undertake very
effective reprisals at the earliest moment
consistent with the advice Of the high mill
tsrv command"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-07

10 by an overwhelming majority to send
delegates to Stockholm, bat only TO con
sultative conference" Immediately after
this the British government announced It's
determination not to issue passports to the
delegates TO stockholm, although Mr..
Lloyd Geor- 90 at first been disposed to
favor the of such an international
meeting If .,.,alists. NJ. Rioot had al
ready announced that the French govern
ment would refuse to grant passports. The
action Of the British government irritated
the labor parties of England, as was
shown at another congress held on August
20. This Congress adhered to the decision
to send delegates, but only by small ma
iority the labor organizations in the ship
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-07

territory held, by the Germans are useless
That reciprocal raids, because they nave
no military value, do not pay, IS the opin-
10, of "The New York World which
makes the further suggestion that the Ger
man air raids on London are being maze
in "the hope that the British will be forced
IN draw off considerable number OF ar
Names from the front" This also IS the
view of The Tribune, which, while admit
ting that the immediate purposes OF tne
raids NAV have been the indiscrlmlnate
slaughter Of the civilian population, thinks
that they were really intended ITO bring
pressure to bear on popular feeling in Eng
land in such sort as to cripple the British
air service in France for the sake OF
strengthening the home defences."
And, quoting "The London Daily Mail"
! The Tribune goes on further to say that
reprisals may yet be made to allay the
restlessness which quite naturally has
taken hold of the population Of London.
After approvingly epitomizing British
opinion and the Britons' high disdain Of
lowering themselves to the level of their
foes. "The Cleveland News" thinks that
ENGLAND has been patient long enough
continuing thus:
"No one wishes 70 hear that women, babes,
invalids. aged men or other harmless lnnaol-
tants Of interior German towns have been
.o.r
r.ent should regard their lives as highly as
any one. Since it consistently refuses TO
recognize their right TO live by concedng q
lilo rirht 10 the non-combatants of other
countries, perhaps it would be as we'll to
start killing them and do thorough job Of
tiff knowledge that il is being done will at
all soothe the death agoHies Of England's
women and children, whom the maniac ma
ton intends % murder in any case"
"The Providence Journal contrasts,
much to the disadvantage of Germany, the
courage and skill required by the English
airmen. They make daily raids on the
German naval and munition plants which
Gre formidably defended and these feats
are much more difficult than raiding
country with long coast line, incapable
Of adequate defence to air attacks. But
the moral side is urged by THE Spring
field Republican, which looks to the judg-
ment of the future, and remarks:
"Presumably the Allies will be able in re-
taliation to irjure or even destroy German
cities in the rich Rhine valley. But before
beginning that savagery they will want to
take long look into the future. Now is
the time for civilization to decide whether
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-07
r ducated to a Thirst for
L Frightfulncss

And "The Columbus Dispatch" holds
that the raids are an expression Of Ger.
man hatred for the British people and are
ordered by the Emperor to give satisfac-
ton to the German people. These people,
i. reminds, went wild with joy when the
Lusitania was sunk and seventeen hundred
harmless men, women and babies wer.
sent 70 the bottom. This paper concludes
its editorial with some remarks apparently
addressed especially to American, pacifists
"The Kaiser has educated his subjects ~
the point where they rejoice a. the death "
= wife or child Of a soldier fighting against
them; they think he is a Godchosen ruler
if he can report that another air raid has
DESTROYED a hundred women and children in
England II he could send his alrmen over
here. and blow up public school or drop
she'll on a woman's convention, or destroy
hospital. or infect our cattle with the
plague would be more popular than b.
has ever been. That's the kind Of an e..
envy we have to fght-a nation Of people
who know not the difference between an
armed warrior and little child-a nation
Of PEOPLE that stops at nothing that will
DrlNG misery 70 lNHOCtub pfDpstb q Aeb4vA
that has so blndly followed a wsr-crazed
monarch that they themselves have become
blood saturated in their hate
This reminder is also given TO its readers
by "The New York World:
ar New York were bombarded from III.
air BY the enemy six nights out Of eight It
would understand better the intense feeling
of France and Great Britain in prosecuting
the war against Germany. II night after
night helpless women and children were
killed in the streets of this city by German
bombs, our paciAsts would not be so eager
for a Kaiser peace, and dsloyalty, masked
a. high morality, would find fewer cham
pions."
That the French people view the stua-
ton in very different light than do the
English is shown by the fact that they
regularly make reprisals for attacks on
non-military towns. Recent dispatches tell
Of the bombing of Frankfort-on-Main,
Stuttgart, Treves and Coblenz. 1t is EVIL
dent that French opinion thoroughly in.
dorses reprisals.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-07
The Birth Life and ObseQuies of the Famous Stockholm lde

Cabinet than in it, and further cheers were
heard when another speaker interpreted
that applause as an indication that the
Labor members still in the Cabinet should
get out.
From non-Socialist sources, too, there i:
testimony that the existing government is
losing its support among the labor par
ties, and ominous warnings begin to be
heard. Thus K. J. Dillon, the well known
magazine writer, has this TO say in late
rumber of THE Fortnightly Review:
Labor is displeased that its own services
are moderated and some Of It's reasonable
demands ignored. For it alone can fun
certain indispensable conditions, not only io'
the prosecution of the war but for the re-
shaping of society after its conclusion. L
is of the highest moment that the govern.
ment should display greater breadth ana
suppleness in their dealing with class Of
the community on which they are dependeh'
for such success as is still attainable. 10
fail in this would be TO evoke a danger Of
unprecedented gravity. Already certain
forces are unobtrusively at work the nature
and intensity OF which are, perhaps, better
understood by irresponsible individuals than
by those whose duty it is 70 estimate ana
counter them. And they do not make fof
optimism"
Austin Harrison, too, IL the September
number OF his English Review gives
tho following Interpretation Of the Hen
dereon GEORGE incident.
What does all this comedy meant u
means simply that Mr.. George tried TO hood
wink democracy into throwing down Stoes'
holm, for which purpose letter was con
traptioned' intended 10 brighten Mr.. Hencef
son into ministerial obedience. Nothing
more In reality, Of course, KerensHy mss
not changed his views in the slightest Rus
.ia wants the conference. The Russian 81
uation has not changed 70 suit Mr. George
and so Mr. Henderson fell, fired as they
say in Fleet Street, because he would no'
play Mr.. Georges game of deceiying me
British democracy The net result Of ms
catch me- politics is not creditabie. In Rus
STA il will certainly not improve kerensEy
most difficult position. Here il must tena
to force labor away from the government
even as it deprives Mr.. George Of his "a"
supporting phalanx. For henceforth w
George, a. brave as brave can be, STANDS u
the hands Of the extremists, on the rg.'
hand of Sir Edward Carson and on me Ie'
land IF Sir Alfred Noritz Mond"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-07

ing majority a resolution refusing to send
deleoates to Stockholm for the present,
and second resolution entering an en-
phatic protest against the refusal of the
British government to issue passports to
delegates.
To show the spirit prevailing among
British Socialists, the following extract
from a speech by Robert Smile, Of the
Miners Federation, is interesting
AN enormous change Of opinion was tax
ing place in the great industrial centres, ard
there was a longing desire on the part OF
the people that something should be done n
secure an early peace. Men who opposed his
views said they also wanted peace. He rec
ognized the truth of their statement. 1t was
all question Of the time to try to secur"
peace and the methods of securing It, and
it was part Of the method now recommend
ed that the representatives of the democr2-
cies of the Allied countries should have
something to present on which they were
agreed before they met representatives OF
the Central powers"
Arthur Henderson expressed his PRO
found regret at the lamentable failure OF
the inter-Allied conference" Continuing,
he said among other things:
zone of the things that I lament is that
we were not sufficiently agreed that we
might have gone TO the German Socialists
and especially the minority, and said: Here
is your opportunity. There will be no com
plete settlement of this disastrous war TIL
you have completely smashed those who are
responsible for bringing US inn
Henderson further insisted that "Stock-
holm was not going to be peace confer
once Some people imagine that we were
going to sit down with the Germans and
fix up the terms of peace. have repu-
dated that over and over again"
He also strongly repudated the idea
that the Stockholm congress is now to be
regarded as dead and buried.
Two American delegates spoke at Black
pool. l.. Lord, representing the American
Federation of Labor, said:
ave do not see that any good can come
from meeting or negotiating with representa-
tives Of the Central powers. We are afraid
That II peace - made "nlle the Prusslan
beast is in Belgium and France it might be
the prelude to another and worse war"
And ]. Golden, Of the same organiza-
ton, declared that they were not prepared
to talk peace with German representa-
tves.' On the other hand d. Rees, repre-
senting the Canadian Trade and Labor
Congress. said that, regardless of the
origin of the war, he believed that an in
ternational convention of some kind should
be held as speedily as possible. There had
been enough sacrifice already. It was all
very well to say that they would talk when
they had licked the other fellow, but the
ether fellow might be saying the same, and
if all took that attitude many more men
would go under before the war ended
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-07
\. Tipped, but Not 10 Stay; Enter
/ Y the Russian Revolution

This action in England and France
nipped the Stockholm congress in the bud,
but it did not stay nipped; for the Russian
Socialists appeared upon the scene and
gave it a new lease Of life. While the pre-
iminaries for thc call to Stockholm were
in their first stages, the Russian revolu-
ton occurred. and the Socialist power Of
Russia al once sprang into a position of
immense Importance in the international
relations Of the whole Socialist movement
for Russa's military efficiency and Rus
sia's relations toward the other Entente
powers were suddenly placed in the hands
of a government dominated more and more
hv Socialist influences. The Council OF
Workmen's and Soldiers Delegates gained
an ascendency over the new government
and showed a pronounced distrust toward
Russia's allies, and seemed determined to
force an early peace.
The Socialists Of England, France and
Belgium viewed the new situation in Rus
sia with no little alarm. and, accordingly
Henderson, leader Of the British Social
lists; NJ. Albert Thomas French Minister
Of Munitions. and ". Vanderyelde, mem
Der Of the Belgian government and leader
of the Belgian Socialists went to Russia
to exert their influence against any eX-
IRENE action there. Nevertheless. even
while they were at Petrograd, the Soviet,
or council. of that city revived the interna-
tional congress plan, and issued a call of
its own for congress at Stockholm, to
meet between June - and July 3. The
invitation declared that the main object
of an international conference should be
to arrive at an agreement between the
representatives of the Socialist .proleta-
riat in regard to termination of the party
truce with the imperialistic governments
and classes, which renders nugatory real
struggle for peace" In other words. its
main purpose was to detach Socialists
from coalition governments, restore to
them their independence. and by this inde-
pendence reestablish the internationale
and compel the governments to make
peace.
The negative position Of the Western
Socialists was now no longer tenable. They
felt that they must respond favorably to
the invitation Of the Russians, If onl. to
show their sympathy with the revolution.
Besides this, there was the practical dan
ger that the Russian MaXmalStS, who
wanted a peace at any price, might meet
the Germans in the proposed congress and
reach agreements quite opposed TO the in
forests Of the Entente peoples. Hence the
Socialist leaders Of England. France and
Belgium agreed to accept the invitation to
the congress, but only upon the clearly
understood condition that the German ma
iority Socialists should not be allowed to
enter the congress before they had re-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-07

nounced their attitude toward the German
government
This might have ended the matter. as
the Western leaders evidently intended
that it should for they could evidently
have had no hope Of compelling the Ger
man Socialists to reverse their wartime
policy. But a new turn was given 20 The
situation at this point Other French and
English Socialists had gone to Petrograd,
besides the representatives already men
tioned-from France, Moutet and Cachin,
and from England, O'Grady, Thorne and
Saunders. The two French unofficial dele
gates. who appear TO have had good ma
ioritv Of French Socialists behind them,
though not the majority OF the Socialists
in the Chamber Of Deputies, returned 20
France enthusiastic about the Russian
revolution, and The prospects for lnterna,
tiora socialism opened up by It. They "had
the glory" as one French writer expressed
if. "of appearing before the French Social
lists as the missionaries of triumphant so
cialism." Here was also an opportunity
Of healing the dissensions that had arisen
among the French Socialists regarding
the first Stockholm proposal. According
~. at a national congress, on May q, a
motion was carried accepting unconditlon-
ally the Russian invitation to Stockholm
Henderson's visit to Petrograd caused
him TO change his attitude toward the
Stockholm project. At Petrograd. indeed
re is said to have given no great encour-
agement to it, but after his return TO Eng
and he began TO work actively for the
congress, intending it as means Of hold
ing the Russians in check and of showing
that the Western Socialists were willing to
cooperate with them. Meanwhile four
Russian delegates, Goldberg Ehrlich, Rus
sanov and Smirnov, arrived IN England TO
plan for the congress. With these men
Henderson and Ramsay Macdonald went
e. Paris 10 confer with the French So
c.a.ist<. IN the deliberations there the
chief business was TO agree upon the proper
oelimitation Of the character Of the Stock
holm congress. The point Of difference
was whether the congress should have The
power to adopt binding decisions. The
French and Russians favored an aiHrma-
tive declaration, while Henderson, repre-
senting the prevailing British view. gave
decisive No. Macdonald agreed 10 the con-
arcss only upon the condition that it should
Lave merely consultative character.
Hence. a compromise was agreed upon to
meet the wishes of the British delegates,
but this compromise itself only concealed
grave and irreconcilable differences. Even
before the delegates left Paris thirty-four
Socialist Deputies, including The well
Known VI. GucSde, signed declaration
Cnphatically refusing to have anything to
q, with the Stockholm congress. The Bel
r.ans, too, refused TO cooperate unless the
Stockholm congress should make the first
item in its order Of business the adoption
o., a resolution of censure against the Ger
man majority Socialists.
THE British Government Says:
/ No Passports!
After HendersE's return to England the
british | ahor "a SyreSs decided on August
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-07

have seized and pursue campaign OF MUIR
der, piracy and outrage" This was voted
down by 50 to IS. Then the so-called
Stockholm resolution came up consisting
of two sections. The first, proposed by
Ramsay Macdonald, declared the neces'
gity of an international conference and
for international Socialist action. 1t was
adopted by - to 10, but the French ma
iority Socialists abstained from voting.
The second part of the resolution, protest
ing against the refusal of passports by the
Allied governments, was carried by "a to 2.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-07

founders of the new National party,
formed recently as revolt against alleged
governmental ineficiency.
Il is still a little early to obtain com
prehensive view Of the attitude Of the Brit
ish press on this acutcst phase of long
augmenting issue. But for days and weeks
the American press has been concerned.
The Detroit Free Press" points out
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-07
lgand Bombed to Desperation, Swings 10 hePl1S S

it's works are worth preserving II the bomb.
ing of cities gets sanction from this war.
tho next war. I'm which the Skies will be
darkened with millions Of airplanes, will
not leave one stone on another Of the thing
which the hands Of men have wrought Ger.
many must be beaten, if only to outlaw for
good this atrocious kind Of warfare
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-07
A New Resolution Carried, Bearing
a on Stockholm

No sort Of agreement was reached by the
commission on peace terms. and all that it
could do was TO place on record separate
statements from the different countries and
PARTIES. But the commission did propose
to the conference one resolution. 1t was
that the conference should appoint stand
ing committee to consider the various ques-
tons further, with view to another con-
ference of Allied Socialists in preparation
for the Stockholm conference.
This resolution was carried and stand
inc committee was appointed, but 1t is sig
rfcant that it was carried only by 90
votes to 40 and that what are called the
n inority parties-which in the case of
three principal belligerent countries are
the real majority parties-voted against It,
The efforts of the congress to reach an
agreement regarding war aims were also
fruitless. According to a French report
this failure was due to the fact that from
the outset the British pacfst group, backed
up by the Russian delegates, refused to re-
new the declaration of the first conference
Of Allied Socialists which was held on Feb
ruary -, 1915. That declaration "eX-
pressed reprobation in moderate terms for
the llegalties committed by the Germans
in Belgium" The British paciist group
and the Russians took the position that no
GOOD result could be reached by reviving
points of difference at a moment when the
t,.,rtt 70 Et,1 tre
end means for coming to terms with Ger
man Socialists, and it was complained of
that the Russian delegates, in particular,
declined 10 draw any distinction between
the Allied Socialists and those of enemy
countries" The Italian official Socialists"
acted in unison with the Russians and the
Macdonald wing of the British. These
elements also rejected with scorn pro-
posal to send delegation to President
Wilson to invite him to take practical
steps toward realization of the League Of
Nations"
On the day after the congress decla-
ration was issued by some of the most i'm
porcant of the English and French So
cialists. including Henderson, Hyndman,
Sidney Webb. VI. Thomas and Renaudel,
along with the Belgians, Vanderyelde and
de Brouckere, and the "reformist" group
Of Italian delegates. It asserted that the
idea of an international conference was
not abandoned, but only postponed TO a
more favorable moment.
The final chapter in this story has to
90 with the trades union congress at
Blackpool. 1t adopted by ap over~helm-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-07
Dlackpool Verified Labor's
u Hostility to the Government

This Blackpool meeting was interesting
IT, another way. Various reports recently
coming from England have indicated a
growing hostility of the labor elements to
the government. and this was verified at
Blackpool Loud cheers were evoked when
Smile said that Henderson was immense
j. stronger and more respected outside the