davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
CONFIRM AGREEMENT
ON EXCHANGE TICKET
p. Il. I. Counsel. Asking Delay
Of Hearing, Says Lease
Covers Point

Ner.Hcat.On OF the auuoUnceM-rt that
thS ,N hang" car ticket problem has
beca Sattltd iN ~. revived Smith-Aiit
ten l-a"e. wh.'i viii be presented ou
Friday a: needing uN the Joint Com
ld'ttee of FihaIce and street Railway,
vas .irniShcd today When .ili .Amrs
Ballard. cli"' counsel ur the PhilaG"lba,a
Rapid Trgrgif Company, asked the Puh-
H. Service COuii..sS.ol to uustpo;r i,
nearing on TIC question Of the clhuha
t,oa %. exchange tickets. The complaint
20 the Publlr Service Commission was
H!cd by Charles l.. Flu';. Of 240o Ridge
av-nue.
NJ Ballard. in ..oiing Tor Il uustpore-
uIeUt Of The exchange ticket hearing said
he believed the point IN question would
he covered in the lease pending between
tho 'r.ty and company. The argument
had hceu postponed once before until
t.I!s NORTH. Nj. Fiuct. when notified
nat the Philadelphia Rapid Transit
company had again requested 4 further
rostppnement. said that he was willing
90 ac-ede to ii.
Director Of Transit William = Twiniup
and Dr. william Draper Lewis. the
Mayors legal advisor OF transit mat
terr, passed this afternoon In making
final corrections on the proofs of the
revised Smith-Mittea lease. The cor
rcc;ed proofs will be Gent TO ..Ie printers
toagnt aud printed III time for the siytd
meeting of the joint meeting Of the
csu,Hitte con finance aid street railways
on Friday afternoon In CRY Hall An
uovncemert that the eXchang' ticket
question had been satisfactorily .e:tied
Wa. made on saturday by Director
Twining,
Contracts for electrical and plumbing
v. .s.gz IL
Il" were awarded this afternoon by De
rector Twining. The contracts cover the
wor,; Oh the stations - OrthOdoS. Mar-
SdIet. l,uan and churcl street.
Fyar':iord. The contract for electrical
work was awarded TO J. L. Buchanan
for f5GS2, while the contract for the
plumbing work on the same stations was
awarded TO :. Faith & 80. Their bid 10
do the work was s501U.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
COAL APPROPRIATION
FOR 1918 INADEQUATE
Estimates Indicate S1.000,O00
Fuel Fund for City Far
Below Probable Need
But TWO BIDS RECEIVED
At Present Time Entire Supply Is
Being Secured on "Dona-
ton" Basis

III. g5u,UOV tons of coal needed by
the city in 1918 for water PLANTS, pub
lie institutions. police and lire stations,
City Hall, etc. will cost the city many
hundred thousand dollars more than the
si.oOO,O0O provided, II estimates today
are accepted.
Peter lIobaa, assistant director Of the
department of supplies. received but two
estimates for anthracite and bituminOus
coal for Il years supply The George
Il. Newton coal Company offered TO
furnish the larger sizes Of anthracite at
prices ranging between sS and Sll Il
ton. dependent upon delivery, etc.
The Reading Coal and Iron Company
submitted AN estimate OF from $3.50 to
s2.7o ton for buckwheat for use at the
he mont pumping station, Lardner's
Point and other stations of the Water
Bureau.
Th- only two bids received VIII be
scheduled and totals will he complied
upon which 70 Lass awards. There
- little question that the compel lpg
COMPANIES viii receive the contracts at
their figures, As the officers of the De
rag,ulent OF supplies We're glad 10 get
any estirlates at all
\; the present time the city is get.
tin all It's coal on donations" the item
rr c,al II wing been exhausted eariv
las; sula,aer The coal bills alpeady con-
'rHri'd Cor this winter aggregate over
SGHp, 900
one man in the department Of SUP
niles is kept busy each day begging coal
from coal companies and from mining
companies. At times the supply Of coal
~ police and fire stations becomes en-.
t;rely exhausted and Il rush begging
order IL sent out. II is tlEs condition
that the department hopes TO overcome
IN 1918.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
ACCUSED OF AUTO THEFT
Three Youthful Prisoners Held ir
Bail-Say They Found Car

Three boys. none over seventeen years
cr age, were held in $500 bail today by
Magistrate Bore, Of the l'raultford po-
lice station. accused Of having stolen
two automobiles 1'lcy are Vincent
F'aley, seventeen years old, 1900 Frauk-
ford avenue; John Iiughos, sixteen years
old. 3l1G q street, and Morris Gedolsky.
seventeen "cara cd. S5S East willard
street
THE, we're found by Policemen Barrett
and McColiigan. of the Frankfurd sta
tion. at N,cetown and Powder Mill lanes.
trying 10 start a car belonging to nr.
George T. Lewis. 5523 tranliford avenue.
They asserted that they had found the
ear standing in the road and We're about
C. return IL to the owns"
Parts alleged 70 belong 70 n car owned
Dy Philip Grico, 2502 South Twenty
ninth street. were found in THIS automo-
bile. Grico's car was found this morning
abandoned On the road and completely
stripped. The boys will have u con-
tinred hearing on sunday.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
TO CENSOR FOREIGN MAIL
All Letters TO Soldiers or Individuals
Will Be Read Here

All correspondence addressed TO any
one abread. whether il be to soldier
or n private individual. will be opened
read and censored by a newly designated
staff of inspectors. according to a state
ment made public todly by Superin-
tendent of Mails Johnson. This Is the
postal authorities latest step in regard
70 the alien enemy proposition.
Mr.. Johnson said; The inspectors
designated for This work are all llnguists
and will be able TO read any commune l.
tion, no matter in what language II is
written. With 50 many alien enemies in
this country. We cannot afford to take
any chances, and therefore these com
nunications will be scanned 50 closely
that there will be no opportunity for
information projudicial to the best in
terests Of the couNtry trickling from this
city into the hands of the enemy or its
allies"
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
GIVES DINNER TO SOLDIERS
All Branches Of Allied Service Will
BE Guests of Parish

The sixteenth annual dinner Of the
parish of the Church of the Holy Apos.
ties will be held tonight in the Cooper
Battalion Hall, Twenty-third and chris.
tian street. About zoo mon. repres -.
ing all branches Of the service. will be
guests Of honor The dinner will have
Il very distinct inter-allcd atmosphere,
for the English, Russian, French, Ital.
ian and Belgian consuls will be present,
as well as colonel ST. George Lotus
steele and Lieutenant ]. T. Skidmore,
of the British recruiting mission.
Brigadier General Hershey. comman-
der of the t56th Infantry Brigade at
Camp Dix. who was abroad last summer
as an observer with the Allied armies,
also will be present and make an ad.
dress He will be accompanied by his
aid. Captain Walter Guthrie. Chaplain
Dickirs. Of the League Island Navy
Yard, . lso will speak
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
COAL OWNERS READY
FOR ALIENS ACTIVITY
All Susquehanna Galleries
Guarded and Other Com
panies Prepared
WILItES-BARRE, Pa.

WILEES-BARRE Pa. Dee, Z,
Anthracite coal operators are pre-
pairing against any hostile outbreaks Of
enemy aliens or German agents. Fear
has been caused by ;he fact that four
loaded cars We're dumped into the shaft
Of the No. . colliery Of the Susquehauna
Coal Company, at Nonticoke, and by ru-'
mOrs that efforts will be made to rrtard
the production Of coal.
All the Susquehanna colleries are pe-
ing heavily guarded and while officials
viii not admit it. tn" fact Is known that
other companies have detectives and
Special guards on duty at all times.
At the No. 20 collie-y ii was uer-s-
sary TO break lock and chain TO free
the loaded ears and send them into the
shaft. Reports from some of the work
crs are that TWO mysterious men have
been seen in ana about the mine. The
culliery will resume operations touor-
row.
With coal COMPANIES doing all they
can TO keep up the coal production. the
fear is that the anthracite fields ar. HOW
being overrun with German spies and
that it will be necessary to maintain n
big guard I" prevent acts of violence,
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
James A, Flaherty

Supreme Knight of the knights Of
Columbus, has this to say of the
Book of Knowledge:
1T is veritable storehouse of
useful information and can be con-
suited with pleasure a:d profit not
only by the children, but by the
grown-ups of the household as WELL"
A postal card to the Grolier So
Giety, 50S Denckla Building, Phila-
delphia, will bring you a beautifully
illustrated 7S-page booklet telling
why the Book Of knowledge is such
a priceless gift to childhood.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
Camden Man Found Dead i'm Red

Daniel McNichul. siXty-three years old
Of l12s Cooper street Camden, for many
years AN emplOyc Of the Public Service
Corporation of Camden, was found dead
in bed at his home this morning lie
was apparently In good health when he
retired last night His death is nt
tributed to heart disease Mr.. McNichol
is survived by a widow and five children.
\ daughter Miss Susie McNichol. was
formerly head nurse Of the Cooper Hos
pital and is now in France with the ,Icf.
ferson Hospital unit
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
STOLEN AUTO DAMAGED
AND DRIVER BADLY HURT
Man in Critical Condition Following
Collision With Trolley Car
in Police Chase

A stolen automobile was badly dam
aged and it's driver seriously injured
When the machine collided with trolley
car at Eleventh street and Montgomery
avenue following an exciting chase by
the police In another machine.
The Injured man. Alfred Xelicr. twen-
ty-two years old. OF Second strset above
Westnoreland. Is IN critical condition
at 81. Joseph's Hospital suffering from
numerous cuts and brCiscH nd Il prob
able fracture OF the skull.
According 70 the police. He'er tool,
the machine of William I.intons illa
North American street. as it stood in
front cf the residenc' Of pr. .. L.
Adams. 2040 North Broad street. \
policeman, who saw him take tie car.
'topped another IN ;c,Ilne and the chase
followed. Ieller was rushed Il the hos
P'tal IN the pursuing ear.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
Pleads Guilty OF Stealing Motorcar

s.a-I" stock. the Camden youta who
zoe motorcar from Edward k
: lCltz, OF Jenkin;own. aud drove Il to
Jacksonville, Fla, whore he was ar
"s 'svG "hlie attempting 10 dispose Of It,
T'ePGed guilty 10 4 caarge Of larceny he
'o"s Judge Schwartg IN Norslstown last
r,gh.. David Jester. president Of Camde 4
cou',cil, and other city officials appeared
- Stocks behalf and urged a light
Sc ter &c since II was the youths first
Cfr ,1se, Judge SchwGr:g Dc ter-ed sem
t--c- Until Saturday.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
BIG SHIP PLANT SCENE
OF MILLION.DOLLAR FIRE
Origin Of Flame Tha: Destroyed
Four Buildings ON the Brooklyn
Waterfront Unknown

New YORK. Dec. 4--F'ire last night
oc>troyel four ,arGe buildings at the
Morse Drydoc.i and Rpa!r Company,
on the South BrooGiyl water front,
with an estimated loss ot 100000.
The origin OF the flames is unknown.
United States soldiers OF duty at the
pluuc declared the fife started sudden
:" IN the carpenter shop, where hum
Cre7S of men We're working. and then
ru'cNly spread 70 other buildings.
The Morse dryGocks form ol.c Of the
most complete ship3uilding and re-
pA!r plants in TIE United States. and
= a scene of important military at
t.vity. The entire plant has Il valle Of
sO'ne sS.000,00U.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
WILL CONSIDER SUFFRAGE
House Will Also Take Up National
Prohibition Next Tuesday

WASHINGTON. Dec. T. - National
woman suffrage and national prohibition
VIII he taken up formally by the House
judiciary Committee next Tuesday. the
committee voted today.
The action may mean the first big
fight Of the session will come on one Of
these inomentous pending measures.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
Fall From MOtOrtruck Proves Fatal

Sarotine Tarolli, forty years old. 1898
East Passyunk avenue. a workman en-
ployed in the construction OF the new.
Government shipbui,ding plant at Hog
Island, died in 81. Agnes Hospital from
injuries received last night when he slip
ped from IL mOtortruci on which he was
riding and tell under the wheels. TEe
accident occurred at Broad street and
Washington avenue. Paul Burus, nine
teen years old, 1896 Richmond street
driver Of TIE truck, was held by Magis-
trate Il lker 70 await the action of the
Coroner.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
''ervice Flag Bears 354 Stars

= serve, fas w.ti 354 stars was UNI
'uylcl tiis morning at the general Of
ncss ~ the STANDARD Roller Bearing
Company, Flftieta street and Lancaste,
avenue :, problem for the ragmalSer is
created, for since the flag was made
about 100 more employees have been
called into the service by the draft and
space for these additional stars must be
found IN the limited white field
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
Capt. Thierichens Taken to Atlanta

Captain Max V. Thierichens, former
commander of the interned German sea
raider Prinz Eitel Friedrich. convicted ON
charge vi having violated the Mann
act was removed from Moyamensjng
prison under guard and taken TO Bro I'd
street station, leaving for Atlanta, Ca.
shortly after / o'clock Thierichens will
serve eight months and seven days in
the Federal prison there, the balance of
a fourteen months sentence.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
~ Medical and Dental Students

~ enrollment OF as many medical ard
1eal students as possible is being cor.
fted by Lieutenant f. z. Payne. AZ the
1lted States Naval Home, Twenty.
lE1h street and Grays Ferry road, a..
lng 70 announcement today. All
onts enrolling win be exempt from
1>(<1ft or other military service. TINT |
G<udies are completed. They w y
~ most cases. receive commission
11ndents should apply at once. rs
pl1msnts win be made In this force
uocember rs.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
Appointments at City Hall

city appointments today include SAM
rel colder. s2ss Arlington street, in
spectcr. Bureau OF Highways. salary
$500. Thomas J. Rose. iio West sus-
I.ehanna avenue. clerk. Bureau of
Water. $1,000; Genevieve Il LaSferty,
2set t;ast Allegheny avenue. class lead
er Board OF Recreation. 81 a night
Wn'.am Nuil0y. AL North F'ifty-second
-; 81 Inspector Bureau Of Highway2
~ =. ala pr Jacob d. L4shron. 6sll
4 x vf <<fe@} pQt Qt-aoor pl,ytiQi3n Rp.
III;
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
Give Party for High School Girls

Members of the junior class OF Coll
lingswood High School, Collinsswood. "
J., rendered "A birthday surprise 10 Miss
Edna McIIvaine. a student OF that school,
gifts Those present were Eddie Nell
vaine, Florence Wins. Billie Smith. Marie
Underwood, Pauline Doughty. GLADYS
I.inck Lara Trumbower. Fannie Lipde-
horn. Mr., and Mrs. Harry W. Lindeborn.
George Rudisill. Canning McIIvaine
f:laxence 1vins. Nr and Mrs, z. y. No
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
GIANT CASH REGISTER RECORDS BOY SCOUT FUND

DR.. Charles j.. Hart today rang
up on u gigantic cash register
the first days total of $4,000
contributed in the $3.50 cam
paign being waged in Philadel-
phia by the Boy Scouts of Amer
lea. The register, which has
been erected on the Market
street front of the Gimbel store.
is adjusted to show amounts in
thousands up to the maximum
set by the directors of the cam
paign. Doctor Hart is shown
pulling the cord attached to the
register above. while beside him
stand Ellis A. GimDel, who lis
one of the team captains. and
several scouts. The progress Of
the fund day by day will hc
shown ON the register.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
Bullet Fatal to Real Estate Man

Maurice j. Hoover, prominent real
estate man OF Philadelphia and Wyncote.
Pa. died today at the Abingdon Hospital
from the effects Of guashot wound Of
the head. Last July Hoover was cleaning
q revolver IN his home at wyneote when
It exploded, the bullet entering his head.
TTe.iz rurrived ~ M w1fe
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
Two Wills PrObated

Wills probated today include those of
John Hermann, 1905 North Twelfth
street, which. in private bequests. dis
poses Of property valued AZ 5000. and
Mary ~ Paul, liGo Christian street,
S1O,225.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04

Fire that started in the kitchen of the
Soulas Hotel, 1887 Arch street. early
today caused a number of scantily at
tired guests to fee to the street. The
fire was ext,nguished with slight dam
aqa ana tbs guests returned to -thej,
rooms.
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04
Nirginian in List of Wounded

OTTAWA, ont. Dec. &C. Sodnes,
Richmond. Va. was listed as wounded
among the Americans in the Canadian
casualty list today
Evening public ledger. [volume] (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1914-1942, 1917-12-04

Demhers OF the West Philadel-
1nch PQstofhee. sli0 Market
~ AZ Camps Hancock and
~ In the navy. were hpnore
<orlipg Of . service nag toiay
4 <0u@ropr)ote exercises. Colonel
~ <he 0s>ly veteraf remaining at
rullo4 ~ lapyards and Peter
oIo 3 111riof|c aldrsss. The
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1917-03-14
OREGON EDITOR PAYS A
TRIBUTE TO OLD FRIEND

The following item, from the Newberg,
Oregon, Enterprise, refers to a former
resident of New Ulm, A. T. Behnke, son
of Mrs. Esther Behnke, and brother of
F. H. Behnke. The editor of the Enter
prise had sold his newspaper business
at Newberg, and before leaving that
place wrote this tribute to an old friend:
I'm leaving Newberg I am leaving
many persons whose friendship I value
highly. One of these is Mr.. A. T.
Behnke who is hero. AS result of
jumping off a moving railroad train when
it was moving faster than he supposed
he received spinal injury which made
him helpless invalid for fourteen years.
Most of the time since the date of that
injury he has spent lying on his back.
But the cheerfulness he has displayed
despite his suffering is a standing rebuke
to the rest of us who are inclined at times
to be illnatured. With no desire to in
trude where, perhaps, I should not,
"c@AAC w CAplSoo lily du1lllldClOu LOT Cno
good wife who has given all of these years
to the care Of her husband. Never was
witnessed an instance of more complete
devotion and loving sympathy. To
know these two is to get an insight into
the noblest attributes of human charac-
ter. Mr.. Behnke was left at an early
age to make his own way in the world by
reason of his father being broken up in
business, land dying soon after), on
account of the railroad strike in Pitts
burg in 1877. The first money the lad
ever earned was fifteen cents which he
received as bounty in Minnesota for
a big sack of grasshoppers he had caught.
He went to work at the age of fourteen
as messenger boy for railroad in that
state and at the time of the accident
which made him an invalid he occupied
the responsible position of train dis
patcher."
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1917-03-14

price. The fact that the large consumers,
are up against this heavy jump in the.
coal prices emphasizes the big toll which
the householder will be called to pav for
his fuel.
I'VE are skinning thru the present.
season and are just going to get Bly, said
one prominent dealer yesterday. When
the winter is over we will be out of the
coal business. What we are worrying
over is this: Will we be able to get anv
kind of an adequate supply for next
winter?'
From the East comes news regarded
as disquieting.
The New York Central this week
bought 100000 tons of Southern ILL
nois coal at 81 ton for steam lump, am
advance of IS cents ton. The Southern
railway bought 100000 tons of big
seam coal at $1.65, compared with
SLIP, IL year ago. The mine operators
at first asked So, but the railroad had a.
contract running to July 1, 1917: The
operators quoted $1.65 in exchange for
the cancellation of the unexpired portion
OF this contract. The coal docks of the
upper lakes this week bought 100000
tons OF Pocahontas lump and egg coal
at 1915. The price year ago was,
$l.6O. The docks also paid So for Po-.
cahontas mine run coal which last year
cost them $1.35. The Louisville and
Nashville railroad paid 50 ton for Ala.
bama coal which cost $1.23 IL year
ago."
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1917-03-14
SEED WHEAT SITUATION
NOT so BAD AS FEARED

W. L. Oswald, of the state seed
laboratory of the University Farm, at
Midway, after making careful survey
Of the seed wheat situation, declares
that it is not so bad as had been feared.
Reports coming to the laboratory during
the fall and early winter had caused a
considerable uneasiness. Mr.. Oswald
also claims that seed wheat coming
from the nothern part of the state gives
the largest percentage of termination.
A letter from the University Farm
says: ~
Because of the alarming reports sent
out last fall, Mr.. Oswald appealed to the
high school instructors of the state and
others interested in the subject for
samples from every part of the state. Up
to January 1, 1,4O0 were received from
IS counties. Careful tests of these
how ed that wheat grown in the counties
north of line extending from the
southern border of Polk county to the
southern border of Pine county gave an
average termination of 80 per cent. while
wheat grown in counties from BEL.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1917-03-14
COAL PRICES ARE DUE
FOR ANOTHER ADVANCE

According to newspaper reports coal
prices are to be given further advance.
It isn't just known when the people
will balk on these continued advances,
but when they do the monopolists will
hear something drop. The following is
from the Minneapolis Tribune: .- ..
''Do your next winters coal shopping
early. This is the advice couched in the
reports from eastern fuel centers which
show that huge future orders being placed
by railroads are being placed at greatly
advanced rate over a year ago. There
are many increases of more than 100 per
cent while in no case does the increase
fall below so per cent over last years
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1917-03-14

across theXstate just south of this gave
an average termination of only 83 per
cent. Still farther south the germina-
ton was even lower.
"The supply of seed wheat while not
large, is not startlingly small. While
seed wheat this year, says Mr.. Oswald,
is extremely dirty and the average of
purity is low, much of it can be graded
and screened and used for planting with
profit. A considerable amount of seed
wheat has also been held over from 1915.
s'The seed laboratory survey also in
cluded oats, barley, rye, flax, timothy,
clover, and millet. The average ger
mination for these grains is, oats, 81
per cent, barley SO per cent, rye 80 per
cent, flax 83 per cent, timothy SO per
cent, red clover 81 per cent, and millet
SO per cent.
New Ulm review. (New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.) 1892-1961, 1917-03-14

County of Brown.
We, Aug. C. Dahl, President and E. E. Smell
brink Cashier Of the above named Bank do solemn
~ swear that the above statement is true to the
best OF our knowledge and belief
AUG. C. DAHL, President
E. E. SPELBRINK, Cashier
Correct Attest:
(Two) Directors:
H. j. ALBRIGHT
w. G. HERMANN.
subscribed and sworn to before me this 18th
day of March, 1917.
SeaD T. J. SNIISRERc
Notary Public, Brown County, Minnesota
My commission expires March 4th, 1923. 1.