davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26
Notice of Contest.

Department of the Interior, United States Land
Once. Lewiston, Idaho. September 21st, 1917.
To Herman H. Fahnholz of Spring Camp, Ida
no, Contestee:
You are hereby notified that Kenneth w Chris
tiansen, who gives White Bird, Idaho as his post
Office address, did on August Nth. 1917, file in
this Office his duly corroborated application to
contest and secure the cancellation of your Home
stead Entry, Serial No. O6654. made Nov. 2nd
1916. for M SET, SET Sci, Sec. TO- NE4 NET Sec.
Is. NJ NW4. SWt NWt and NWt SW4 Sec a.
Twp. % N, K 2 w, Boise Meridian, and as grounds
for his contest he alleges that entryman has fail
ed to establish residence upon the land covered
in the above mentioned entry. and that he has
abandoned the claim, and whereabouts are I'M
known.
You are. therefore further notified that the said
allegations will be taken as confessed, and your
said entry will be Cancelled without further right
to be heard. either before this office appeal,
if you fail to file in this office within twenty days
after the FOURTH publication of this notice. as
shown below. your answer. under OATH specih-
cally responding to these allegations of contest.
together with due proof that you have served
copy of your answer the said contestant either
in person or by registered mail.
You should state in your answer the name OF
the post Office to which you desire future notices
to be sent to you.
HENRY HEITFELD, Register.
Date of first publication. October I9. 1917.
Date of second publication, October %, 1917.
Date of third publication. November 2. 1917.
Date Of fourth publication, November 3, 1917
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26
Notice for Publication

Department of the Interior. U. S. Land Office
at Lewiston, Idaho. October 9Th, 1917.
Notice is hereby given that
CHARLES B. JACKSON,
OF Spring Camp. Idaho who, on November II
1918, and June 2. 1914, made Homestead Entries
Nos, o5l49 and OS4s7. for ST NEt, SE4. and 81
SWt. Sec. IS, Twp. % N, RI W. Boise Meridian
has filed notice of intention to make three-year
Proof, to establish claim to the land above de-
scribed. before J. Loyal Addison. U. s. Commits
sioner, at White Bird. Idaho, on the 18th day of
November. 1917. Claimant names as witnesses:
Lee l.. Beasley, Walter ID. Smith, Clarence Wat
son, all of Spring Camp. Idaho; Oscar f. Hol-
hngsworth, of Boles, Idaho.
ol2 HENRY HEIrFELD Register
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26

Department of the Interior. U, S. Land Office
at Lewiston. Idaho, Sept. rs. 1917.
Notice is hereby given that
LEE l.. BEASLEY,
of Spring Camp, Idaho, who. on June 8th 1914,
made Homestead Entry, No. 05S6S for SW4 Nj
SEA, SWt SEt, Sec 4, and SEt SEt, Sec. S, Twp.
% N. raw. Boise Meridian, has filed notice of
intention to make thfee-year Proof to establish
claim to the land above described before ]. LOYAL
Addison, u s. Commissioner at White Bird,
Idaho on the 3lst day of October, 1917. Claimant
names as witnesses: Walter ID. Smith, Jefferson
w. Busick, Charles Jackson, Clarence Watson all
OF Spring Camp, Idaho.
s28 HENRY HEITFFID Register
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26
Notice for Publication

O422j
Department Of the Interior, U. S. Land Office
at Lewiston, Idaho, october 23rd, 1917.
Notice is hereby given that
MYRON l.. ROMIG,
of Boles Idaho, who on November END, 1911 ,
made Homestead Entry, No. 042&9. for SWt NEt
WI Sci and SKI Swt, Sec 8, Twp 80 N K w,
Boise Meridian, has filed notice of intention 10
make fve-year Proof. to establish claim to the
land above described before Register and Re-
ceiver U. S. Land Office. at lewiston Idaho on
the 9th day of November. 1917. Claimant names
as witnesses Charles Crawford, Minnie 1 Cur
tbs, l.. G, Romg. all of Boles. Idaho; c. L, Will
hanson. of Moscow, Idaho.
o26 HENRY HEIrFELD Register,
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26
Notice for Publication

O5S69
Department of the Interior. U. S. Land Office at
Lewiston, Idaho, Sept. Is, 1917.
Notice is hereby given that
WALTER d. SMITH,
of Spring Camp, Idaho, who, on Juae s. 1914,
made Homestead Entry, No. 0SS69 for M SEt
and NEt SWt, Sec. S, Twp. 29N raw, Boise
Meridian, has filed notice of intention to make
three-year Proof, to establish claim to the land
above described, before J. Loyal Addison, U, S.
Commissioner, at White Bird Idaho, on the 3lst
day of october, 1917. Claimant names as wit
nesses: Lee l.. Beasley. Jefferson w. BusicI,
Charles Jackson. Clarence Watson. all of Spring
Camp, Idaho.
s28 HENRY HEITFELD Register
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26
A MODEL YOUNG MAN.

The fussy old gentleman asked the
chance travelling companion: Have
you any children, sir"
Yes, sir; a son.
Does he smoke"
"Ah, sir, he never so much as
touched a cigarette"
80 much the better, sir; the usI
of tobacco is a poisonous habit. Doen
he frequent clubs?
He has not put his foot in one"
"AllOw me to congratulate you. Does
he never come home lateF'
Never. He goes to bed directly
after dinner"
"A model young man, sir; a mode.
young man. How old is hep
Just six months"
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26

the following described prop
erty:
10 head of horses.
10 head of Shorthorn cattle.
II head of hogs.
8 dozen chickens.
10 tons good oat hay.
so to ms blue barley.
10 sacks wheat.
10 sacks potatoes.
10 gallons Sauerkraut.
3 bbls. of vinegar.
200 OTIS. canned fruit.
10 pieces of implements and
machinery.
Household goods.
Free Lunch at Noon.
TERMS:-All sums of $40
and under, cash; on sums
over that amount, one year S
time will be given on ap-
proved bankable notes bear
ing 10 per cent interest from
date. No property to be re-
moved until settled for.
JOHN c. POPP,
Owner.
First National Bank, Cotton
wood, Clerk.
|. E. Zuver, Auctioneer.
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26
Estray Notice

Two of my red heifers have
strayed away from my ranch
near Joseph, Idaho. They are
both branded on left thigh with
two VS. Zone above the other
with dot between.) l will pay
S. each or $40 reward for infor-
nation leading to their recovery.
]. R. Gibbins,
Joseph, Ida.
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26
Closing Out Sale.

See us for winter underwear and
save money. Goldstone, Nash Creel-
man Go.
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26
Hand Engraving

Hand Engraving
Done in all the latest styles of
the art. | am a graduate of the
Chicago school for Engraving
and am the only hand engraver
on Camas Prairie.
DR.. Schilling.
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26
Local Market Report.
For Sale

Two-horse-power Potato Digger
See Otto Aichlmayr.
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26
TaxidermiSt.
Cattle EStrayed.
For Sale.

Farm lands, acreage, city property,
business locations. Montana lands a
speciality. List your land with us; we
have the buyers.
r. H. Wallace & Co.,
Lewiston, Idaho.
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26
Gun Club Tournament Ends.

The Cottonwood Rod q Gun club
ended their four-week shoot Sunday,
with the following three members as
high winners: o. D. Hamlin, SO out
Of 100; Geo. LANCE, 80 out of 100;
Bert Reed, 80 out of 100. First and
second trophies were a gold watch fob,
given by the White Flyer Co., and a
sterling silver watch chain, by the
Dupont Powder Co. Miss Mamie
Burgund won first prize-a silver
spoon, for being the best lady shot in
the tournament. Following are the
names and scores of the trophy shoot
ers for last Sunday:
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26
PUBLIC SALE

Having decided to quit
farming | will sell at public
auction at my ranch, 5 miles
southeast from Cottonwood,
known as the Fred Moore
house ranch, commencing at
10 O clock, on Tuesday,
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26
Closing Out Sale.

Boys overcoats at less than half
their value. Goldstone, Nash Creel-
man Co,
Cottonwood chronicle. [volume] (Cottonwood, Idaho) 1917-current, 1917-10-26

Potatoes Wanted--Send Samples.
Will contract now. Send in
formation as to quality, kind
and quantity. No reds desired.
City Feed Store, Grangeville,
Idaho.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
NOT NECESSARY TO
 PEF0RNh ASSESSMENT

The following self explanatory telegram was received by Secretary Dean of tho Chamber of Commerce from Delegate Sulzcr yesterday with regard to the abolition of the an nual representation work-it speaks for itsolf:-
 WASHINGTON, D. C., Oct. 1. - Congress today approved passage of bill which excludes every owner of lode or placer claims in Alaska and elsewhere from assessment work during years nineteen seven teen end nineteen eighteen.
 After reconsideration of report several days ago, conference com mittec of Houoe-SCnate decided
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
cAMPAIGN TO 0UST
 SENATORS IS RUSHE1

WAsEINGTON D. C., Oct. 2.- It is certain that notwithstardire the great opposition which has been manifested against many of the war measures by LafolIette, Gronna and Stone, the administration is not taking any hand in the prono, tion of the removal campaign.
 Yesterday afternoon the Senate approved the conference report on the Shaforth resolution as to the annulmcnt of the assessment work clause of the mining laws during the years of 1917 and 1918. The House later concurrad and it is now
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
IRON HEEL SETS Ona
 VICTIMS OF COPPER

MIAMI, Oct. 1.-The Iron Heel is pressing heavily on the victims of the copper trust in Arizona.
 Over two hundred cases of vari- ous charges have been preferred against the men who struck against the conditions imposed upon them by the copper trust and not content with dcportatious they are placing 8 variety of charges against the mon who returned to Arizona after the deportation.
 A. s. Embree, formerly editor of the Industrial Worker of Nome, is in jail charged with melting to riot
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
LABORITES OUT ON LARGE BAIL
ALMOST ALL HEADS
 ARE DULY INDICTED

CHICAGO, Oct. 1.-tDe,aycd in transmisaion). The Grand Jury on September % it now appears iu. dictcd practically all holding ofrici- &l positions in the Industrial Work CTS Of the World, hsraiy overlook ing any general officers. secretaries. odtots CT anyone else
 Two hu7Cred and sixty-six were actually named in the indictments the crimes alleged being 3cditiou and other activities calculated to impair tho military operations of
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

the day before the miners were de- ported. He is in Tombstone jail, hundreds Of similar cases are at Tombstone, Miami and elsewhere.
 Members of the International Union of Mine Mill and smelte1 Workers are to be tried first and then the indUatrialists will face the judge.
 Only fifteen per cent of the nor, mal shift is working in the copper mines.
 Butte is still the scene of the
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

the United States, the charge being Of most general nature.
 Willi2m D. Haywood, the Gcaerai Secretary. the first of the indicted ones taken into custody, had bail set at $25,0OO, the rest at $10,000.
 All the editors of Solidarity and the Industrial Worker gre arrested, incuding also organizers. MHonald, Chaplan, the editors of two papers published in the English language. organizers Thompson, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Joe Ettor. Carlo
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
s TiNVISON MILL IS
 SUING SHINGLE MEN

SEATTLE, Oct. 2.-The Stimson Mill of Ballard is suing the Shingle Weavers Union Of that place for fifty thousand dollars. horing to re- peat the precedent established by the Danbury Hattcrs ease.
 The suit is following the pickett ing of the Stimson Mill of Ballard which was so hardly affected by the strike as to have it's output cut off altogether.
 The case has been set for trial in Judge Allman's Court in Seattle.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

the European continent today, pa pers are now devoting much attan- ton to the condition of things fH Ireland where Sein Finn activities followed by disorders are ot iu- crcasiug gravity.
 The lack of confidence in thc out, come oI the Convention is growing in almost all circles, although tay Premier still maaiEeats the Heli,r that it will como out all right.
 LONDON Oct. 2.-Additioual aa-
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
NO SIGN OF FREEHE-UP.

Territorial Road Commissioner Wilson says that there is no sign of the freeze-up, wiring from Kot- lk September 30. He reports that the Althea going up Pastolik river get stuck on the bars and was still there, The White Bear made the round trip in two days. Wilson expects to be back in Nome OF Saturday if in luck.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

simple out and out exemption with out any restrictions. Owner must file statement that he intends to hold claim with recorder of district in which claim is located. This mo- ticc to be filed by December 31 of year for which exemption is de- sired. Oil claims not included be- cause the desire of members of Congress to lave development everywhere. Please give this law widest publication among miners and prospcctors. SULZER.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
up to the president.

up to the president,
 The National Security League is leading the campaign against La, toilette but this is coaIoscing senu- mcat in his favor.
 The report was current that the Peoples Council was grooming the Senator from Wisconsin for Presi- dent but Latonette denied that he would consider it.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

them.
 The strike in the shipyards here is far from settlement. To make matters worse, the employees have added to their wage demands oe from fifteen to thirty-fye per cent increase, the plea that none but eight hour lumber be used in the plants.
 The strik1 has eytealeI to two yards :n Tacoma whers all tho cm. IlaN.ns are nIsn nnt
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

The SeH2tr is now awaiting tho report upon the impeachmcnr charges which will come from tha Privilege and Rules Committee. They meet tomorrow and the suit cannot bo predicted.
 Constitutional lawyers say thgr there is no grounds whatever for Impeachment. There is no pcpu.ar demand for it.
 It is generally prcss-mado.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

PETROGRAD, Oct 2.-The re- organization of the Russian army is being attended with considerable success. Notwithstanding the in tricatc situation within and the hammering of enemy blows without the Slavs are making wonderful progress and the greatest praise is given them by visiting attaches.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

strike and the production of copper IS greatly reduced affording the magnates a reason for higher price. 4 strike has completely tied up Senator Clarke's camp which has been supplying lumber to the Butte mines.
 This is sympathetic strike and the camp is closed down.
 How tho Indictments against the industriali9ts will affect the situa- tiol cannot as yet be predicted.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

Vahees are reported from t.. t&mia with the Turkish forces b..n@ compelled again to withdraw.
 LONDON, Oct. 2-Almost .tmuf- taneousiE with the advance Of 1ts forces under AIlonby are reported as rtsumjne the offensive III Pale atino.
 Buth these forces will carr our q eampajen of cooperation as art- s-AaliE agreed upon, algaouga 70 widely separated.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
TRIANGLE PLAY - DREAM

A play that scored a remarkable success through the states "Let Kate Do It" will be presented at the Dream Theater tonight. The stellar roles are acted by no less than the two great stars, Jane Gray and Fully Marshall. Costly and elabo- rate scenes, gorgeous gowns and beautiful women are seen in abund- ance. The story is extremely inter esting, and was produced by the Triangle Co. under the personal supervision of the world famous director Ince. It is in five acts and is guaranteed to please one and all.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
CLOSING OUT DRY GOODS LINE

Everything sold at reduced prices Men, Women and Children Under. wear, Hosiery, Stamped Goods, No- tiOns. Potatoes $500 per crate. We have onions, cabbage, celery, apples $3.1J per crate. Sweet DO. tatoes, Honey, and home made pre-. serves.
 NOME GROCERY co.
 A. F. OESTREICH, Mgs.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

SEATTLE, Oct. 2.-The lumber jacks appear to be gaining ground for the eight hour day.
 Ten hour day camps find it prac- tically impossible to keep men. They are quitting all the time and the eight hour camps are taking them up as fast as they cm get
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
IN FROM OREGON.

Chris Anderson and John Wagner arrived in from Oregon creek yesterday. M'Lcod of Sibley and M'Leod also arrived yesterday. M'Leod will roturn today and his firm will wind up mining in a day CT two.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

The striking employees are asso- ciated in defending the employees against the legal attacks of the Stimson mill company.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
NJ. PASCOFF,

LADIES t& GENTS TAILOR. Your Clothes Cleaned, Pressed and
 Repaired. SUITS MADE TO ORDER from select fabrics and trimmings. ALL WORK GUARANTEED. Cor. Lanes Way and Front Street.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
IN FOR SEASON.

Many employees of the various companies which have not yet shut down took the fine chance of a pleasant passage outside to leave their work and take a passage on the Umatilla.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

Tresca, and the well known poe, Giovanetd are all taken in the drag net. The industrial union seere- taries throughout the country are also indicted,
 A nationwide defense committee has been organized and the organt- zation work is proceeding as usual.
 The organization is soliciting de- fense funds from 101 West Madi- son St. Chicago.
 YOu'lI Get it right in the Worker.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
LITTLE NEWS IS
 GIVEN OUT HAIc

LONDON 0et. 2.-8e.oaa the fact 1hat au German attacks oa the F,.a4era front we're reuulsed by the British aad that thoao attacks Were the most determined both from infantry and from gr;iNerv delivered by inc Germans against the British lines for year. little actual reports of fighting is aiyeL out.
 LONDON, Oct. 2.-Possi5,v on account of the lack cf news from
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

The present prosecution of radi- calls in the United States probably had more to do with it than any thing else. A good many former residents of the United States are now returned to Russia since tho revolution and these are watching and reporting conditions in Amer ica
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

these were very active against them It is likely that these were respons- ible for the occurrences now re- ported.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
MAIL CLOSE AT , P. 3I.

Mail for the States on the Una tilia will close at ?. N. beyond any doubt, according to Postmaster Walsh.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

Just received full line Rubber Boots, Pacs, OvershOes and Rubbers for Men, Women and Children at HOLTS.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

NEW YORK, Oct. D. Demon strations against America occurred today in Petrograd. The mombers of the American mission on their return complained that some oi
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
LOCAL ITEMS.

Repairs have been effected on the engine of the Flowers dredgo and they are working away. It is reported that the clean-ups recent, ly on this machine have been in every way satisfactory.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

Full line of Mattresses, Pillows, Beds, Bedding, Blankets, Tents, Tarpaulins war bags at HOLTS.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

Clothing cleaned, pressed, altered and repaired at the Nome Tailoring Co.,, next door to Segerstrom and Hagen's.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

A happy man yesterday afternoon was Captain Billy Thomson of Plovcr Bay. He received notifca- ton that for his shipments under ono hundred dollars in some lines he required no license and none for any amount of values of certain commodities. This will enable him clear from Nome and get home be- fore he finds the ice blocking him in.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

PETROGRAD. Oct. 3.-Another demonstration was made by radi- calls against the American embassy today.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03
SLAvS FIGHT HARD
 ALONG RIGA FRONT

PETROGRAD, Oct. 3.-Reports from the Riga front indicate that the Russians managed to penetrate the German line on the Dvina.
 The Germans have been making determined efforts to strengthen their RigaDvina line with a view of later operations. After consist ent and sustained attacks these were broken by the Russians.
The daily Nome industrial worker., 1917-10-03

You1I se. it right in the Worker.
The Lakeland evening telegram., 1917-03-26
ODDITIES IN THE NEWS

children kept from school q
grove. y. J.. because OF a wild an
nsl that chases teacher through II
Rs uds-
Everybody else is setting a raise
6 Why shouldn't we?" asked Ba.
yerne IN. JD doctors as they vote
f5 double their fees.
man ordered glass Of beer in
1orrington (ConnD saloon. rendered
4 large onion in payment and was
gi,en s cents change.
school teachers get married 50
quickly in Arizona some Of the towns
pay S. monthly bonus to girls who
teach until the end of the term.
The Lakeland evening telegram., 1917-03-26

er section, notches and edges under
meath even; stitch \ inch from
folded edges easing any fulness nn-
derneath. If desired, the lower see.
tion may be omitted. Sew collar to
neck edge. notches and center backs
even.
Gather the lower edge of the sleeve
next and close seam of sleeveband an
notch; sew to sleeve, then close the
sleeve seam. Sew in armhole. small
"oo perforation at shoulder seam.
Now, take the skirt and close back
scam, then hem the lower edge. Form
plaits. creasing on lines Of slot per-
forations: bring folded edge near CEN
terback to the seam and bring remain
ing folded edges 70 corresponding
small "oo perforations. press plaits.
Sew skirt n lower edge IF belt. GEN.
terfronts and centerbacks even.
Finallv the belt Is adius'ed 70 po-
sition. This NAV he Of ribbon or lin
en-. the latter being preferable for
tub materials.
The Lakeland evening telegram., 1917-03-26

For the little girl on her best be-
havior there is this correspondingiys
pions frock of checked muslin trimmed
with white collar and cuffs The
collar i both sectional and circular,
with The front and back of waist
gathered n the yoke Tho skirt is
one-niece aTair and NAV be side
MATTED ~ rathered Tn medium size
tbe model -oquires 35s vards 3b.ineh
c;ncbam. wi.h ward Of white lawn
FOR the trimming.
IT, svsss~.4;e var of poing about
re maxim of the dress is 70 starr
r-;,b .he waist. Hem the front hrst
The Lakeland evening telegram., 1917-03-26

Notice 1 Application for Leave 10 Sell
Minors Land

Notice T Application for Leave 10 Sell
Minors Land
NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN th,t On N,
l7th day of April. A. d. 1917. will ami, n
the Hon Kelsey Blanton. county Judge In
md for Polk county. State Of Florida. A. hi,
affce in Barlow in said county. for an order
sa,hnrizing me as guardian of the persons
and estates Of Archibald Howell NeTeo1
douglas Groover Mcleod and Kate MeLeod
rinor heirs Of A. T. Mcleod and Alice Y
Mcleod deceased. 10 sell at public or private
Sale the following real estate belonging Ia tbe
sud minors, to-wit
Al undivided half interest in ana IA
ne southeast quarter OF the southeast 1uarfer
I. section %, and the northeast quarter If
he northeast quarter Of section 70 all IN
township 80 south, range - east IN pok
county, Florida.
Zach uf said minors have an undivided pua-
,iKih tl-6) interest in the said property The
land is TO be sold for the best interest of
,tt said minors.
Dated this 18th day Of March. A u 1917
a THADDEUS j. FRALEY. Guardian