davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-09-07
Her Sense Of Humor.

Even gentle woman is capable, when
dealing with tramps, Of perpetrating
q type of humor Of which one would
little suspect her.
II told dat lady," Cinder Smith re-
lates, dat wanted just little somp-
in to keep soul an body together"
"An' what did she give your" in
Quired Billy Trucks feelingly.
Cinder Smith exhibited the handout
"She give me dis safety Din"
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-09-07
kohn Daniel Walters says no
feature of home architecture 4Mu
EaHord 50 much comfort and be
$50 conducive to health as abu,d-
a,,f supply of pure 4uater>


tom contains sediment that has washed
from the roof, and cannot. or should
not, be used. This leaves about 36o
cubic feet or 81 barrels, for actual use.
II we assume that the cistern Is COM
pletely emptied three times a year. 1t
gives a daily consumption Of Just s
cubic feet, or 22h gallons, per family
Of FIVE members. Some families un-
doubtedly use twice as much or sew
eral times as much soft water as the
quantity stated, and more would be
used In many homes II the supply was
more adequate and easier to obtain.
The water reports Of large cities
show much greater consumption ng-
ures, because enormous quantities OF
water are being used In factories and
packing houses and for street sprink-
ling and building purposes. The farm
er should not Of course be misled by
these city statistics. When calculat-
ing the consumption of water in the
average farm home the following con-
servative table is generally used:
To f1ll a bathtub requires from 8 to
20 gallons.
To flush a closet, each time. from 8
to gallons.
To fill lavatory, from / to IN gal
Ions.
For sprinkling lawn, per 100 square
feet, from to gallons.
For soaking lawn, per 100 square
feet, from Is to 20 gallons.
The consumption of water by farm
animals depends upon the season, the
feed. the age. and the individual hab-
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-09-07

ter from wells or cisterns into the
kitchen, the laundry, the bathroom.
the farmyard, or into the storage tank.
According to the mechanical principle
involved in their construction or oper-
alton. they may be divided into several
classes, as follows:
l. Water hoists, l. e., contrivances
which raise water by means Of buckets
fastened to belts, wheels or levers.
The old-fashioned cistern pump" be-
longs to this class. Another form IL
the tread wheel employed in Oriental
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-09-07
Pump and Air-Pressure Tank.


ers and their animals who drink It
freely are not promptly killed" The
answer is that most germs cannot live
in the perfectly healthy body Of man
or animal. Only certain kinds Of
germs have the power to live and
multiply within the larger animals.
Most of them die when they are de-
posted In the stomach; others are
harmless, and still others are neces-
sary for the purpose Of digestion. A
comparatively small number of spe-
cies produce sickness and death, and
the only way Of avoiding the effects Of
their attacks IL to use only pure water,
or to boil all drinking water that
comes from contaminated sources.
The refreshing taste Of springs or
we'll water 10 due to several causes.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-09-07
Pressure Tank With Pressure Gauge
and Hand Pump.

drawn. The average per capita con-
sumption of soft water, like that Of
hard water, differs very much. 1t de-
pends on the size Of the cistern and
the character of the plumbing fixtures
Quito as much - on the size and
habits Of the family. Most homes
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-09-07

would use larger Quanti-
ties Of cistern water II
they had a more adequate
supply or more modern
pumping contrivances. The
average home cistern holds
nominally about 42O cubic
feet, which is 100 barrels
Of water, but a part of this
cistern is not available.
since the water at the bot
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-09-07

LESSON TExT-Daniel l.
GOLDEN TExT-But Daniel pLrposed
In his heart that he would not deflle him
self with tho portion OF the kings moat.
nor with the wine which he drank-Danisl
Ia
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1917-02-23
HOPE

We are having fine weather at this
writing.
Sunday-scbool was fairly well at
tended Sunday. There were 163
present. The collection was $3.78.
Adam Eichenauer's class of young
men had the banner collection.
There were still more thew faces seen
in the Sunday School. All persons
not going to Sunday school are es-
pecially invited to come and worship
with us.
At the close of Sunday school a
very profitable prayer meeting was
held under the leadership of class
leader Edward Smith. There will be
preaching service next Sunday even
ing. On Monday evening Rev. B. R.
Wiener of Naperville, Ill, gave a
splendid sermon on missionary work
and at the close of the sermon he
explained the duplex envelope system
of paying the finances of the church.
The revival meeting closed Thurs
day night. The meeting was a grand
success from the beginning to the
end.
The Hopewell Y. p. B. met at the
home Of Miss Frona Smith on Tues
Gay evening. A large crowd was
present. IL more persons signed the
pledge against liquor as a beverage.
They will meet at the home of Harold
Eichenauer March 2, at s p. m.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1917-02-23
Public Sale

The undersigned will sell at public sale,
at her residence, miles north and q
mile west of St. Anthony; miles south
east of New Corydon, or 3 miles west and
h mile south Of Wabash, on
MONDAY, March 5, 1917
Commencing at 10 o'clock a. M, the fol-
lowing personal property:
HORSES-Consisting OF one bay mare
IL years old, weight 1400 pounds; one
horse coming 6 years old, weight 1400
pounds, and one horse coming years old,
NINE HEAD CATTLE-Consisting Of
five. head of Mich Cows, 2 of which viii
be fresh in April and in June. These
are all good milch cows. Also one year
ling steer and three yearling heifers.
sows, will farrow in April, and 10 head
shoats, weighing go pounds each.
FARM IMPLEMENTS-Co Consisting of /
new Birdsall farm wagon, with bed; one
truck wagon; one Champion 6foot bind
er, one Deering mower, one Keystone hay
loader, good as new; one Osborne hay
tedder, one hay rake and hay ladder, one
clover buncher, one J. /. Case riding
breaking plow, one Brown Manly cultiva-
tor, one Shunck breaking plow, one so
tooth spike tooth harrow, one Osborne
disc, one Superior grain and fertilizer
drill, one Avery corn planter, one Clipper
tanning mill, one double set work harness
good as new, enc double set buggy har-
ness, and other things too numerous to
melton.
Also oats in the bin and hay in the
NOW.
TERMS OF sALE-An sums Of $500
and under cash. over this amount a
credit OF months viii be given, purchas-
er giving bankable note. -Four per cent
Off for cash on credit sums.
MRS. JOHN WAGNER.
Knox a. Vtntng, Aucttoneers.
Lunch stand on ground.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1917-02-23
Public Sale

The undersigned win offer for sale, at
public auction, at the late residence of
Josiah Piper, deceased, two miles east of
Neptune, on the County Line pike and
six miles northeast of St. Marys on the
oath DAY OF FEBRUARY, AID. 1917,
The personal property of the said Josiah
Piper, deceased, consisting of the follow
ing:
TWO HoRsEs-Consisting of black
driving horse, weight about 1900 pounds
and sorrel driving horse, weight about
900 pounds.
FARM MACHINERY etc.--1 set team
fly nets, set double trees, / wagon and
bed, set hay ladders, 1 Walter A. Wood
mower, / Mccormick binder, / manure
fork and pitch fork, SCOOP shovel.
ditch scoop, / fence stretcher, double
shovel plOws, 1 single shovel plow / hand
corn planter, 2 horse collars, 2 crosse cut
saws, ! grain cradle, / water trough /
pair scales. / grain drill / walking DIoV
corn planter, hay loader, 2 sets double
work harness, i grind stone, / iron Fete
Tie, bu. seed corn, bee hive and four
supers, hives of bees / seed sower. Also
40 bushel oats in bin, about $50 bushel
corn In crib 16 shocks of corn In shock
ABOUT ~ tons timothy hay in NOV.
Also about so chickens.
sale to commence at IL o'clock noon,
TEEtMS-Purchases amounting to 1--WE
dollars or less to be paid in cash; above
that sum, notes on 6 months time, with
two or more approved sureities, win be
SAMUEL PIPER, Executor,
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1917-02-23
I'M REALTY CIRCLES



Elnora Cole TO y. ID. Heron, 20 ac'
res, Section 10, Washington township
5000.
John Shellaberger to Charles Ham
mond, 147 acres, Section 81, Dublin
township. $18187
Thomas Seyerns to Willis Murlin
o acres, Section 1 Center township
$4,000.
c. S. Younger. probate judge, to
Fred j. Gottemoller, certificate, 100
acres, Sections 20 and 21, Marion
township.
James V. Dysert TO Frank Warrick,
70 acres, Section A, Hopewell town
ship, 81.
Peter zenz to Joseph Huber, par
eel, Section 80, Gibson township, 81.
Bertha A. Shimp to George Thatch-
er, 10 acres, Section ~, Dublin town
ship, $400.
Thomas S. Sturgeon to Edward NJ
Sturgeon, 80 acres, Section 26, Cen
ter township, 81.
Charles Seitz to Henry Wissman,
parcel out of southeast corner, Sec
tion %, Marion township, $3.50.
Jane Garman to Alfred Garman ct
al, 40 acres, Section 30, JEFFERSON
township, 81.
Same to same, 22.6 acres, Section
2, same, 81.
Same to same, 25 acres, Section /,
same, 81.
Town Lots
James N. Jeffries to S. w. Runkel,
lots 2 and 3, Block 4, Macedon, 500.
John Scott to William Scott, part
outlot 23, Rockford, $120.
Anna Tekamp to Alloys Tekamp, lot
348, Winhoven addition, Coldwater,
$1.00.
Frank Winhoven to Peter Fink, lot
208, Coldwater, $125.
William Humphrey, Sheriff to
Francis Schultz, lot 95, Rosenbeck's S
addition, Coldwater, $1,000.
Lawrence Rosenbeck to John w.
Loree, lot 493, Fairview addition,
81.
Alfred Garinan ct al to Jane Gar
nan, lots 412 and 435, Celina, 81.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1917-02-23
THE PROBATE COURT

Peter Klingshirn, administrator of
the estate Of John Klingshirn, de-
ceased, filed final account. For hear
ing March 81.
w. II. Townsend, administrator Of
the estate Of w. w. Townsend, de-
ceased, returned and filed inventory
and appraisement.
Henry Gottemoeller, executor of
the will of Bernard Gottemoeller,
filed final account. For hearing on
March 81.
Gertrude Schultz appointed guard
ian of Carl j. Schultz and Paul M.
Schultz, minors. Inventory filed.
Anthony BoehmeT, executor of the
estate of Michael Boehmer, deceased,
returned inventory and appraisement.
On application of said executor order
of private sale of personal property
issued. Order of private sale return
ed and approved.
Application filed by James Kene-
fake as heir-at-law and legatee un-
der the will of John Kenefake, de-
ceased, for an order to draw from the
county treasury his portion of said
estate heretofore deposited therein
by reason of his absence. Order
granted upon satisfactory proof.
Application filed to admit to pro-
bate and record the will of Abraham
Ginter, deceased. For hearing Feb
ruary 27.
c. A. Stubs appointed guardian of
Isaac Leo Reser. Inventory filed.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1917-02-23
ELM MROVE

Mrs. F. P. Andrews and daughter
Carrie called on Emma McGee one
day last week.
A number from this vicinity at
tended several sales last week.
Luther Biddle and wife spent last
Thursday evening with F. P. An
drews and family.
Chas. Bobmeyer and family and
Elbridge Adams and family spent
Sunday with Allen Slusser.
Leo, Alma, Lena and Victor Pax
and Whitridge Adams, Erastus, vis-
tied with F. P. Andrews and family,
Sunday.
Naomi Hale, Celina, spent Monday
night with Mabel and Louise An
drews.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1917-02-23
Public Sale

The undersigned will offer for sale, at
public auction, at the residence of the
late William Hainline, deceased, at 221
West Fayette street, CELINA, OHIO, on
SATURDAY, MARCH 8, 1917
Commencing at 1 o'clock M sharp, the
following personal property of the said
late William aHinline, deceased, consist
ing in part of
Oe driving mare, one buggy, one set of
single buggy harness, one set of single
work harness, one manure spreader, one
corn shelter, one wheel barrow, one lard
press, rope ad pulleys, &c
HOUSEHOLD GOODS etc-Conissting
of Beds and bedding, carpets and cur
tains, sewing machine, invalid chair, Edi-
son phonograph, Household and Kitchen
Furniture and other things too numerous
to mention
TERMS OF SALE-An sums of Sc. 100
and under cash. Over this amount a
credit of six months will be given, pur-
chser giving a bankable note.
FANNY BAKER, Executrix.
p. G., Knox, AuctiOneer.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1917-02-23
ST. ROSA

Miss Nettie Jacob of Minister
spent a few days with the Frank
Meiring family last week.
Mrs. John Huber and daughter
Mary, of Osgood, visited with the H
II. Leugers family, last Sunday.
Al Hartings, of Coldwater, spent
last Sunday at home.
Ed Hartings looked after business
at Chickasaw, last Saturday.
Mrs. John Fortkamp and children
were Celina visitors Saturday.
Frank Post and wife were visiting
with John Fortkamp and family last
Monday.
Many outside guests attended the
Kleinhenz-Tuente wedding here last
week
Henry Bomholt was business call
er at New Bremen last Saturday.
At the Catholic church at st. Rosa
were united In marriage last Wednes-
day, Feb. IA, j. w. Kleinhenz and
Miss Katherine Tuente, with Rev.
Albert Voag officiating, at which a
large number of friends and relatives
attended. After the wedding mass
the newly weds repaired to the home
of the groom where the wedding was
celebrated and numerous guests were
present to greet them with hearty
congratulations The groom, John
w Kleinhenz is well known in the
southern part of Mercer county as
a feeder and shipper of live stock and
a practical farmer The bride Miss
Katherine Tuente, the daughter of
Bernard Tuente and wife residing
south Of st. Rosa is highly respected
young lady esteemed by all
The newly married couple started
On a wedding tour in the afternoon
for Buffalo, N. Y and other eastern
cities. After the termination of the
bridal tour they will reside on the
beautiful KleinAenz farm at st. Rosa.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1917-02-23

auction at his residence 3lf miles north
west of Celina and pa miles south-wets
of Shively's grocery on what Is known as
the old Joe Winger farm along Frahm
pike on
THURSDAY, March /, 1917
commencing at $3.50 a m sharp sun time
the following property to-wit:
HEAD HORSES-Consisting of
brown mare, coming years old, weight
1920, bright mare coming 3 years old,
weight 1900 These two are a well made
team and will work anywhere. 1 bay
mare coming 13 years old, in foal by G..
W. Prichards roam Belgium horse; this
is an excellent brood mare and a good
worker and weighs 1910, 1 gray gelding,
coming years old weight 1890; 1 driv-
ing mare coming 4 years old and / horse
colt coming years old.
25 HEAD OF CATTLE-Consisting Of
! registered short horn COW was calved
May 9, 1911 No. 1894 win be fresh 1st
of June; l COW years old, fresh; cows
to be fresh in March, ] COW to be fresh in
April; COWS to be fresh inMay; these
cows are. all good clean mixers; 1 short
horn refer, No. 255220 was calved May
20, 1915; bred Jan 6, 1917, to Walter But
tonwood No. 45230O. Holstein heifer com
ing 2 years old will be fresh in May, and
3 other good heifers to be fresh inSept
and Oct. A bull coming 2 years old; a
short horn bull, No 483734 was calved
Jan. 2 1916, this is a good one. Eleven
head of young cattle from to IS months
HOGS AND SHEEP-Consisting of four
good brood sows, / full blooded o. l. c.
sow with pigs by her side, 1 fun blOOded
Duroc SOW vii Harrow last week in Mar.
2 others will farrow the first of April 30
head of shoats weighing from so to 100
lbs. 6 head of good breeding ewes. About
1875 good laying hens
FARMING IMPLEMENTS
Of Mccormick binder with tongue truck,
Z foot cuc, Thomas hay loader Johnston
hay tedder, New Idea Manure spreader,
Lehr clod crusher, new Empire grain drill
} disc, 3la in skein Birdsell wagon has
not been run over 25O miles, 3l4 /. slein |
3irdsell WACO with bed. Leifeld rubber !
ire buggy has not been run over 300 |
niles, steel tire buggy, 2 SurreyS, John /
Deere riding breaking plow, walking plow, |
iale corn planter, disc with truck, Deere |
,ultivator, spring tooth harrow, steel drag |
narrow, wood beam drag harroWs, steel |
lay rake self dump, clover seed buncher |
Clipper fnning MILL ball bearing grind |
toe. blacksmith wise, set of hay ladders, |
mud boat, stone bed, iron kettle, 3 double /
ets of breeching work harness, set of |
he set of fly nets, barrel of cider vine |
ar coal oil tank, DeLaval cream separ-
tor, this machinery Is in good condition |
id practically new, So lbs standard binder
wine, 30 good grain sacks, some house,
old goods, mallable range, grand upright
iano slightly used guaranteed to be in
rst class condition, and other numerous
Tticles.
TERMs-A sums of $500 ad under,
ash; over that amount a credit of nine
lonths will be given, purchaser giving a
ote with two approved securities For
er cent. off for cash.
MoODA T. FETTERS
10. r BevingtOn, and p, 9. Knox, Auc
W. l.. Trenary, Clerk
Lunch stand on grounds.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1917-02-23
SOUTHWEST WABASH

Mr.. and Mrs. Chester Fast and
Mary Fast spent Saturday evening
with Mr.. and Mrs. P. c. Knox
Mrs. Burt Brigner spent Sunday
with her parents Mr.. and Mrs. Orange
Culver.
Bennie Hines is spending the week
at Wabash with relatives.
P. c. Knox sold horse on Mon
day.
Mrs. Mable Meyers returned to her
home Sunday evening to spend a vi
sit with her mother and family, Mrs
Buckmaster.
Ralph Meyers called at the home
of VIM. Crouch Sunday evening.
Bennie Hines and Ethel Shook
took dinner Sunday with Fred Hines
and family.
Russell Meyer still makes his US
dal trips west
Mrs. Ira Gallihugh and Mrs. Golda
Kerns and children spent Sunday
with Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Crouch.
Guy Knox and sister, Mrs. Frank
Hellar of Dayton is visiting P. c..
Knox and wife.
Susie FennIg called on Mrs. VIM.
Spriggs on Wednesday.
Miss Mary Hines. and Charles
Rhoades and Margaret Hines spent
Monday afternoon with Mrs. Jess
Shook and mother.
Mrs. James Spriggs spent Wednes-
day afternoon with Mrs. P G. Knox.
Jess Shook and Bennie Hines and
Philip Hines returned back to Mich
igan, Thursday to their work.
Seth Spriggs and wife entertained
company Sunday.
Mrs. P. c.. Knox took dinner with |
her sister Mrs. Geo. Smith, Friday.
Miss Coda Hines and Miss Edna
Strabley called on Mr.. and Mrs. Bur-
ley Felver.
Mrs. Martie Larue spent Wednes-
day afternoon with Mrs. P. c. Knox.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1917-02-23
MERCER

Darst Robbins has purchased a
John Henry Ford. He is very proud
Of Il.
Leila McCiintock returned from
Wapak, Tuesday. She Will remain
at home the rest OF the winter.
Miss Marie Miller spent Sunday
with Miss Julia Potterf.
Protracted meeting commences on
Feb. 20, at the M E. church at Mer-
Ger,
Miss Beth Counterman returned to
her home Monday from a three weeks
visit dt Owens, Ohio.
The Misses Dora and Amy Daugh-
erty returned home Monday from
Dayton.
Mrs. Ed Sutton has been on the
sick list for the last two weeks.
G. M, Counterman was seen on the
streets of Mercer, Saturday
Ed sutton purchased a new driy-
ing horse one day last week.
The cold weather Is hard on Ike
Dilbone because he cannot go fishing.
(How about the old turtle hunters,
over theTe?)
Clarence Bollenbacher and Helen
Counterman were the Sunday guests
Of Opal Sutton.
We are hoping nice weather con-
tiuues for Jesse has started on his
vacation.
John Hale has moved on the John
ONeil farm.
Deon Hays spent a few days last
week at Columbus.
Norma Shlngledecker and son
spent Thursday with her mother Mrs.
Dilbone.
Charlie Donovan purchased a new
team this week.
Velma and Madge Hinkle have not
been seen on the streets much of late.
They are afraid they will get their
ears frozen.
Ace hrugh is shedding tears over
his lost wood pile.
VIM. Harper suffered a severe in
jury of his heel when he fell from a |
load OF hay.
Herman Shinaberry has gone into |
the hog raising business, Herman |
says he will raise big ones. He is
going to feed tankage.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1917-02-23
DURBIN

Sunday school was well attended
Sunday at Mt. Carmel.
The revival meeting is in progress
at this place.
Harley Boice and wife and daugh-
ter took dinner with Mark Mcdonald
and family, Sunday.
Budy Bricker, wife and baby Sun
dayed with cIt:ly Felver and family,
at Waoash.
Mrs. Thurman Betz and Mrs. John
Lebrick attended church at Mt. Car
mel, Tuesday.
Grandpa Hole is poorly at this
writing.
Mrs. Ora Dock and baby spent
Tuesday with Mrs. Vest Rhoades and
family.
Mrs. Carl Boice and baby are
spending q few days with her parents.
See MCKEE, OptOmetrIst, and
see better. 113 E. Market ct.
The Celina Democrat. (Celina, O. [Ohio]) 1895-1921, 1917-02-23
FOURTH ANNUAL
Public Sale
Horses, Cattle Hogs, Sheep and
Farm Implements

Horses, Cattle Hogs, Sheep and
Farm Implements
The undersigned will sell at public
auction. at their place of business, seven
miles west of Celina, Ohio, at DURBIN,
Ohio, on
WEDNESDAY, MARCH z, 1917
Commencing at 10 O'Clock a. M, the
following personal property, consisting of
live stock and farming tools
HORSES and CATTLE-Three head of
horses, consisting Of one good general
purpose horse, coming years old, weight
mare coming 3 years old, well bred; also
one black draft yearling colt
Five head Cattle, consisting of l Jer-
sey milch cow, 5 year old, will be fresh
April; 4 red heifers, coming yearlings, will
make good stock.
HOGS and SHEEP-Four good Brood
SCws, will farrow in April and May
weighing from 200 to 275 pounds each.
Thirty head breeding Ewes and one
Buck. Also two Geese and one Gander.
Also some Timothy Hay.
NEW FARM MACHINERY-All Moline
goods, consisting of Binders, Mowers; also
the Monitor double disc Drill, Hay Load
ers, sulky Breaking Plows, namely: Best
Ever, Good Enough, Little Dutch; Corn
Cultivators, Disc Harrows, Spring Tooth
Harrows, Wood Beam Harrows, Walking
Plows, Tandem Corn Planters, single and
double Shovels and 5-shovel Cultivators;
the steel axle made wagons and bed Gas
oline Pump outfit, Cream Separators, Wire
Fencing, both field and poultry; Cedar
Fence Posts. VIII also sell you anything
you want at discount on day of sale.
SECOND HAND MACHINERY-One
Burkett Gasoline 17x22 Hay Press, good
as new; Johnson Binder, has cut 2
crops, in good shape; 1 Milwaukee ft.
cut; one good Hoosier Disc Drill l Indi-
ana Drill, 2 Black Hawk Corn Planters,
in good shape; / Fremont Corn Cultiva-
tor in good shape; 1 double set Buggy
with leather collars, in good
shape; &c.
Don't fail to come, for you will lose
good money if you don't, for there will
be some big bargains.
We will have a very instructive talk by
M. w. Heminway on the use of farm
Tractors.
TERMS OF SALE-AIl sums of So and
under cash Over this amount a credit |
Of months will be given, purchaser Civ |
ing bankable note. Four per cent off for
cash on credit sums.
Will have lunch stand on ground.
A. E. kANORR and SON.
7. G Knox, auctioneer.
Frank Stoner, clerk.