davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun., 1917-08-25
Ins true tlons for sos pbo,ers,

The Mayors letter to JEREMIAH
OLEARY presents clear and most sue
cihct definition of seditious and un-
lawful public speaking. There can be
no excuse for the soapboN orator who
after reading it still feels the grip of
the policeman on his shoulder.
To urge men against service which
involves cooperation with the allies
Of the United States: to conspire to
arouse resistance to the draft, to the
Federal laws governing the operation
Of troops or to any action of the Gov
ernment directing the movements of
those troops: to denOunce or black
guard our allies, to insult the flag or
our army or navy, or to use insulting
and abusive language referring to
the national Government, are offences
against the law ranging from misde-
meanors to crimes. For any one Of
these the police have instructions to
nrrest the speaker.
Mayor mitchell rightly says that
he Is not concerned with O'LEARYs
opinions, but desires ito have the
position of the Administration clearly
understood in order that the men who
are engaged in the despicable work Of
obstructing our country and SANDER
ing our Government in time OF war
may take heed"
Two national characteristics have
led US to trifle with the street corner
preachers of seditiOn. The American
people are passionately devoted to
free speech. They will tolerate much
from seditious orators before they will
apply the gag by force. They would
rather risk serious check to the
Governments policy than to have 1t
said that the Administration dared
not have its acts discussed.
And more, we Americans have a
sense Of humOr that is sometimes
dangerous. The spectacle Of Mr.. JERE.
MIAH OLEARy standing on soapbox
waving his hands and denouncing the
titanic forces that set the whole world
| in arms amuses us.
The Mayors letter sufficiently de-
fines the limits beyond which stree,
corner controversialists must not be
permitted to go even in the name OF
free speech. And those who are in
clined TO take lightly the campaign
against the war must understand that
thousands may take it seriously, ma!
have their resentment Of the sacri
fees 1t entails lashed into open re
sistance by the demagogic appeals OF
the men who are permitted to do the
Kalser's work in the open.
The sun., 1917-08-25
A HUGUENOT RELIC.
Irrigated Rice Fields Laid Out in Iior.
Ida in the Sixteenth Century.

To THE EDITOR or THE Sum. \
brief article appeared in THE SIS tire
years ago telling OF the unearthtr- =
the foundation stones of church but;
by the Huguenots at New Ec-h"i' y
Y, in l7lo.
\ mile north OF the village OF WeiA>',
my Florida home. and across IN" ryfr
tWelaka is on the east bank Of The =.
Johns at tine mouth Of the famous ol'-
lawaha River), and some siX'y mites
south Of st. Augustine, there are 10 -
seen to-day the remains OF two sIrh'T
rice fields, laid out by the HugueuoH
according to local tradition. in 1865.
After the Huguenots were driven fron
St Augustine by the Span.ards 'hev
went up the 81. Johns. which Cows
north, and settled on its banks uca-
this place.
! am personally acquainted with '-es'
old fields, having had the pleasure ~
hunting deer in and around them man
times. and in my boyhood days th"r
were a resort for wild pigeons
The irrigation bitches are still p'Gnv
visible, the laterals at some points he.
ing three feet deep. and the old cause
way leading 10 the river banks is ;, 4,
plainly seen,
Tn" two raceways. ono or oo.i ''''
IT the causeway, that carried watJr %
and from the river. are still san cH,'y
open for distance of about three hI0-
drcd yards to permit Of small bua''
rarrying four or five people beng pad
a l.l nd
The sun., 1917-08-25
HAVE THE GERMANS A NEW MOTOR
ENGINE FOR SUBMARINES?
Reports Making Motor That Works Either or
Under Water Solved.

Experts in Diesel engines. writing "a
the Journal dc Gen6rc. strongly con.
trovert the position Of the imasinary
German inventor An engineer. who
signs his opinion with the initials +
NJ, draws attention to the cnormo1S
weight represented by the volume ~
oxygen necessary to supply subma.
rine intended to keep the seas for throe
weeks.
1.-THE weight Of this volume or store
OF oxygen, even II the gas is COM
pressed in steel pipes, with the lndis.
pensablc accessories, would correspond
to fifteen tons for every hour that the
engine worked, and with 1000 horse.
power on the screw. Now 1t is a fac,
which all will admit, without fear q,
serious error, that the latest German
submarines have at least 5000 horse
power on the screw
The engineer who gives this opinion
does not state precisely whether he
refers to the weight OF the oxygen
alone or TO this weight plus that q,
the steel recipients. 1t matters little.
however. for the calculation demon.
strates that the alleged discovery is A
mystification, or scientific hoax lks
the squaring of the circle. Moreover.
1t is q fairly simple problem to make
the following sum in arithmetic
submarine with engines OF 1000 horse.
power would consume in twenty. four
hours under water 1000 tons OF oyy-
gen. IL 1t maintained full speed, from
which it seems clear that the weigh,
OF the gas in its tanks would greatly
exceed the weight Of coal, petroleum
or wood which a steam engine would
require. To the weight of oxygen must
obviously be added that OF the Siocl
tanks or tubes. and as the gas must
, be greatly compressed in volume. these
tubes must he metal OF the th,ckest
and heaviest kind.
The whole story Of the German IN.
vention smells, strongly OF teChnl al
smoke. 1t Is true that the invention
supposes that a very large proportion
| Of the oxygen consumed Is recovered
in the process Of treating the exhaust
gases with lime. II this be the case,
IA comparatively small quantity could
| be used over and over again, bu' alt
| could not be recovered, and hence the
loss during a cruise would be Cumua-
tive. AS regards the exhaust gases ~
| Diesel engines, it ia we'll cstahlis Nei
that no calculable quantity can he ro-
covered and used again either Q, fuel
or as mode OF producing combustion
In short. the invention of motol :
this type is not yet realized pctmps
the condenser of the steam engine e.
alizes II in an imperfect way, or per-.
haps the nearest approach to It is -
smoke absorber of the present time
The Swiss engineer does wei -
record these facts. But there rs =
moral to the story that should 10. r~
forgotten. The Germans will certain
make every effort to increase the speed
OF their submarines, for their erCa'
defect is the lack of speed. espcc.al'o
under water. A singlopmotor or liehtc~
motors must he the aim Of their en-
gineers. and 1t would he rash TO re je :
the possibility OF a single motor hshtc-
and more powerful than Diesel Cylin
ders. vt one time experts could not
believe that t'ultons ship would 90
The sun., 1917-08-25
DECLARANT SOLDIERS.
An Interesting Question In Natural.
EatiOn Procedure.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sir: Is
there any possible way for men who
may sail for France and who are in the
service OF the United States OF America
to obtain their citizenship papers while
abroad?
A great many Of them who declared
their intentions when they were very
short time in this country and who are
not quite the nve years here have to
leave without their final papers. One
young man who inquired at the Hall of
Records the other day was told by some
sort OF authority there that the very
fact of his going out of this country
before he had completed his nth year
here. although he was soldier In the
United States, would mean nothing as
far as his citizenship papers were con-
cerned. and that he would only be an
alien when he returned again To me
this does not seem right A READER.
NEW YORK, August "a.
The sun., 1917-08-25
German Failure In Latin America

Peru Is the first Of the Pacific coast
States Of South America to break her
neutrality and to come out with IN
Endorsement OF the attitude Of the
United States in entering the war.
Her distinct alignment with the
democracy of the western world is
expressed in the message Of the PERU
Wan President, DIR. JOSE PARDo, to
the Peruvian congress:
Peru, which in all its acts of inter-
national life has endeavored to incor-
porate these principles OF Justice in the
judicial and political relations Of the
American people; Peru, which In a war
tho blood of it's sons. the richness Of It's
treasures and the hopes Of its future,
cannot be Indifferent to the words OF
President WILSON, and adheres, once
more. to such noble purposes"
German agents have been very ac-
tive in Peru and by liberal expendi-
ture of money have been endenvoring
to influence public opinion against
the United States and favorable to
Germany. The centre Of the pr0pa.
ganda was Chile, where there IL a
wealthy German urban population and
where the army has been under the
instruction Of German officers. That
1t was Intellectual il shown by the
course Of the President and by the
ultlmatum sent by the Government
as the result Of the finding of n Ger,
man prize court on the sinking Of the
Peruvian ship LortOn. The effect OF
this same propaganda Is seen In Co
lombia, which still nurses her fancled
wrong regarding Panama, ana also
The sun., 1917-08-25

The Journal de Geneue OF May Ia
published a noteworthy criticism of a
report, which has gone the rounds OF
the German press, that Teuton indus
try has solved the problem Of making
a motor engine equally capable or
working under and above the water.
that is to say, during submergence and
when the vessel is running on the sur
face. The problem. 1t is scarcely neces-
sary to add. has occupied the minds
Of the naval engineers Of all countries.
The German papers are not available,
but, fortunately, q full account OF the
alleged discovery appears in the Bds-
Ter Nachrichten.
Considerable controversy has natu-
rally sprung up respecting the mechan-
ical difficulties OF building such an am
phlbious type OF engine. 1t requires
no great knowledge of engineering to
grasp the essential fact of the impos-
sibility Of making an oil engine work
in a closed space like the hold OF
submarine under water. because the
combustion of fuel draws an amount
Of oxygen from the atmosphere that no
submarine. however capacious. could
possibly contain. For this reason sub
marines must have two motors, ono for
the surface, the other for diving, which
doubles the weight of the propelling
mechanism and at the same time re-
duces the space for the crew, ammuni-
ton and provisions. Besides this, the
electric storage batteries possess the
great disadvantage Of producing del
eterious gases which vitiate. more or
less. the air OF the vessel.
Change OF air becomes necessary at
short intervals and the submarine
must come to the surface frequently,
not only for this purpose, but to re-
charge its batteries by the action OF
the surface motors. This fact Is made
use OF by the enemy to surprise and sink
1t, during the delay necessary for the
operations OF ventilation and storing
of electricity. All these disadvantages. 1t
| Is reported in the BdSIcr Ndchrichten.
are avoided by an extremely simple
mechanism.
In the new motor submarine the
cumbrous and heavy storage batter
| les with their electric motors are re-
placed by a battery OF oxygen tanks
| which are much smaller and lighter
The oxygen tanks and a system of fine
tubes supply the oxygen necessary tc
the combustion OF the fuel OF the
motor which must be- though it is moi
stated. Diesel engine. Still another
set OF tubes carry oxygen to the
exhaust pipes. where the oxygen ant
the gases Of combustion combine. Car
bonic acid gas is drawn through g
jacket Of pipes containing lime water
which thus precipitates the incomhus
tible gas as carbonate OF calcium. Tn,
other gases Of the engine, recombinet
with oxygen. become combustible, ant
thus can be used again.
The new motor therefore forms
sort Of circuit. and this simplicity o
machinery. Joined to the great econom,
Of space and weight. increases boil
the radius OF action OF the engine ant
the physical powers of the crew. wh'
are no longer exposed to the evil ef
fects of noXious gases.
At first sight this contrivance seems
to he like perpetual motion in disguise
The sun., 1917-08-25
Punish the Guilty Black Soldiers;
but Prove Who Is Guilty.

1t was battalion of the Twenty
fifth Regiment, regular infantry, ne
groes, which was accused of shooting
up Brownsville, Tex, eleven years ago
this month, and now another regiment
Of black men, the Twenty.fourth, Is
alleged to have created a riot at Camp
Logan, near Houston. In the same
State. Obviously the military and
the civil authorities must capture and
punish with exemplary severity any
soldier guilty Of misbehavior.
The obligation Of prosecution rest
ing on the Government now IL n
double one; the alleged disturbers OF
the peace are regular army soldiers,
whose conduct will be potent In de-
termining whether our new armies
The sun., 1917-08-25

The addresses Of loyalty issued by
the navy yard civilian employees do
not mean that their signers have
undergone any change of heart, or
have been suspected Of lukewarmness
They arc evidence Of the growing SEN
timent among loyal citizens that so
long AZ a few fools led by Prussian
agents think it worth while to boast
their traitorous opinions. it can do no
harm for honest citizens to raise their
voices in testimony to their convtc-
tions and their steadfastness. And
the determination of these citizens to
be heard will be displayed with in
creasing frequency, for the country is
becoming aroused to the injury its
traitors can do. not at home. but
abroad. German agents in Russia will
soon And their source OF supply in this
country dried up and vanished.
The sun., 1917-08-25
OUR HELP TO RUSSIA.
Not Armed Men, but q Recognition Of
Democratic Duty. Is Needed There.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SrN-Sir. From
any point Of view, more particularly
that of military expediency, the sug-
gestion that we send troop. to the aid
of Russia" is absolutely ridiculous. The
pitiable state of ineft,ciency and total
lack Of preparedness with which We en-
tered the war prohibit any such un-
military action on our part. We can
not. under the circumstances, 60 any
thing else than concentrate every effort
upon sending at the earliest possible
moment adeuuate forces 70 France
1t is on the western front that tie
war will be decided. Germany's mill
tary machine is breaking and we must
do our part. late as we have been in
realizing our duty. A constant stream
OF reenforcements should now be cross
ing to build IN the forces already in
France. The humiliating lack of the
slightest nreparatlon exhibited by the
purblind Administration since the world
war began over three years ago must
now be atoned for by intense exertion
on our part. To divert any OF our
troops to Russia with its millions of
men would be a military blunder of the
most inexcusable kind.
The Russian army that disgraced it.
self lately on the eastern front was well
euuipped, had the aic Of British and
French artillery and ran away in brute
panic like a frightened herd Of cattle.
The trouble in the Russian army Is of
course too many "socialists"-really ~
anarchists--the same breed that are
,o,l;no ..na,oo r,a.,ioo., ,,,o.lo., ,h n
The sun., 1917-08-25
SOLDIERS IN THE COURTS.
A Number Of Decisions on Laws for
Their Relief:

To THE EDITOR or THE sUH-Str: Mr..
Roe, writing on the constitutionality OF
the proposed moratorium act, does not
seem to me to reach the point.
Nobody will question his assertion
that state may not, although Con-
gress may. impair a contract
The crux Of the contention Is what
constitutes an impairment Of a contract.
The only cases that I am able to find
that have passed upon the direct Ques-
ton have helc the act constitutional.
In Mccormick VS.. Rusch. Is Iowa 127.
the court held that the Legislature may
constitutionally enact q law which pro-
vides that II 1t be shown to the satis-
faction Of the court that defendant
is in the actual military service Of the
United States, any action against him
in the courts Of such State shall stand
continued during the period Of his
actual service. and That 1t did not impair
Section 10. Article l., Of the Federal
Constitution. which prohibits any State
from, passing laws impairins the obliga-
tions of contracts.
In Edmonson VS., Ferguson. IL Mo
344. the court held that the act Of 1S47
by which suits and processes against
volunteers who are absent from the
State are suspended until the regiment
returns Is constitutional.
In Butler VS.. Mccall, Is iowa $50,
the court held that a defendant in the
military service was entitled to a con-
tinuance without any showing that his
presence was necessary to a full and
fair defence Of the suit
Judge Cooley In his Constitutional
Limitations says at page 406: Laws
changing remedies for the enforcement
of legal contracts may be perfectly valid
even though the new remedy be less
prompt and speedy"
There are some decisions which hold
that an act which extends or suspends
the right Of action and remedies for ar
| uncertain period are void, holding that
| the period should be for a definite time
not subject to the uncertainty OF the
| termination Of war
But the main objection to this legis
lation is that 1t will tend to confusion
as such a State law would have nc
extraterritorial effect.
| A resident Of New Jersey in an action
in that State could proceed, jurisdiction
there being obtained, against a residen
| of New York II would cause the sam,
confusion that the old insolvency &C,
created. where one was released from
debts in one State but not in the ad
joining State. E. c. MOORE.
New YORK, August "a.
The sun., 1917-08-25

I'm Venezuela and Ecuador. The re-
suit IN Bolivia, however, was to drive
that State to suspend diplomatic rela-
tions with the Central Powers.
On the Atlantic coast Germany's
fragrant disregard of the rights of
neutrals has led to strong anti-Ger-
man manifestations. Brazil has def.
nitely broken of relations with the
Central Powers. Argentina Is very
likely to take the same course IL she
does not soon receive more sutlsfac-
tory response than has yet been given
to her demands for compensation for
the sinking Of Argentine vessels.
Uruguay has shown her friendliness
to the United States by her hospital
ity to Admiral CAPERToN's feet and
by taking the initiative in announc-
ing the doctrine that the South
American States may receive Ameri-
can warships in their ports as brother
nations and not Us belligerents.
We have made no special effort to
influence sentiment in Central or
South America. yet a considerable
majority of the Latin American
States have shown themselves favor
able to the United States and to
Its attitude to the war. They have
manifested. too, n consciousness that
we are making an unselfish and zeal
GUS fight to preserve to them as well
rs to ourselves the rights Of democ-
racy in the western continent. This
should create n better understanding
between this country and the south
ern republics ana give to the friend
ships being strengthened each day a
new significance when peace is re-
| stored.
The sun., 1917-08-25

hSvufoOI uhu willy uhVhu"Suec y"
ready adopted. But the Senate re-
ceived the propositions Of the WiscOn-
sin pacifist with scant patience. SEN
ator SIMMONS pointed out very tusti-
flably that there was a concerted ef-
fort to make the war unpopular by
imposing upon the present generation
not only the burden Of fighting 1t but
an undue share Of its financial cost.
The North Carolina Senator said:
There are those who do not believe
in this horrible war in which we are
engaged. They are not In sympathy
with the Government In its entrance in
the struggle. They are not In sympa-
thy with any Of the measures which the
Government has seen ft and necessary
to take In order to bring the conflict
sonal application, but I do say. Mr..
President, that that class Of people In
this country am not speaking about
the Senate now. but that class of peo-
pie in this country have been demand
ing. hrst. that We pay all the expenses
Of the war by taxation, and that this
year and this generation shall bear the
whole burden. They are exceedingly
sensitive about placing even q small
fraction of It upon future generations.
Their conscience Is punctured TO the
very core at the suggestion that the
men who are to come nifty years from
now, when these bonds become due, may
have to pay some Of the expenses Of the
war. They want 1t all placed upon the
burdens Of the people Of this country
now. right now-S1o. 900. .00o. 900 or S12,-
o00, 900, ,000--raise it by larger taxation.
II charge no man with wrong. but
I do charge that the inspiration OF that
suggestion. when carried to the extent
that it has been carried by some in this
country. finds its genesis in hostility 10
the war itself. in a desire TO make that
war as unpopular as, is possible"
Thereupon the Senate killed the
La Toilette amendments by the de-
cislve vote of SO to Pinot because Of
opposition to the principle, for that
had been approved by the same Sem
ntOrs, but because OF m obvious
desire to save the Senate from the
implication Of sympathy with the
Wisconsin pro -Germanist or any of
his works.
The incident affords a bright au.
curry of what will happen to the Ia
Toilette peace resolutions which will
come up in the Senate in few days.
1t demonstrates beyond cavil that
the Senate is earnestly intent upon
the prosecution Of the war with the
utmost determination to the one end
Of victory. 1t leaves the senior Sen
atOr from Wisconsin without politi
| cal habitatiOn--a wanderer without
the pale like his precious aggregation
Of pacifsts who cannot find hal
for their convention in Minneapolis
and must pitch their tents In the sub
urbs. Senator Ia TOILETTE nigh
as well cast in his lot with them
His voice is wasted In the Senate.
The sun., 1917-08-25
THE SPIRIT OF AMERICA.
Mrs. Burke Takes . Deserved Place
With an HOnOred Company.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SCN--Sir: Mrs.
Burke OF Brooklyn. who SO freely Of
fers her sons upon the altar OF freedom.
furnishes an inspiring example to the
parents Of the country, and evokes mem
cries Of Mrs. Bixby OF Boston. immor-
talizeG by Lincoln,
My attention has just been arrested by
touching account In the published
diary Of one OF my ancestors. New
England clergyman, Of fathers de-
voted patriotism in the time that tried
mems souls.
Captain Stephen Fay was one OF the
first settlers of BenningtoA VT, and
built the first tavern west OF the Green
Mountains. a house which had a stir
ring history during the Revolution. He
had five sons in the Battle Of Benning-
ton. the eldest Of whom was instantly
killed by a ball through the head.
A messenger was sent to bear the sol
ernn tidings to Captain Fay as gently as
possible. He told him he had someth hina
bad to tell him concerning one OF hi,
sons. The captain instantly asked him:
Did he disobey orders, or desert hi.
pos,?'
mo
Did he fsiter in the charge
NO. worse than that. He is dead
Then II is not worse" exclaimed th'
father. Bring him In, that may once
more gaze on the face Of my darling boy
And when they brought him In, GOV
cred With dust and blood. he called fo'
water and a sponge. and with his owr
hand bathed the dishgured features de
claring at the same time that he hac
never experienced a more glorious oil
happy day in his life.
Despite the noisy claims Of the self
seeking La Toilette, and others Of hi
traitorous brood. there is not the shadow
OF a doubt that the spirit Of Mrs
Burke. Mrs Bixby and Captain Fay il
the spirit that animates the great ma
jority of American parents to-day. o
that the young men now called to de
fend the liberties won by their fore
fathers will respond with the spirit o
those who chorussed; 1--WE are coming
Father Abraham. three hundred thou
sand strong" s, s. PARKMAN.
PAssAIC, y, j.. August 23.