davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington times., 1917-08-13
Band Concert

BIZ U. 8. SOLDIERS HOME BAND.
JOHN 8. n. ZIAGlGERMASN. Director.
BAND STAND. BEGINNING AT
O'CLOCK
MY Country, 'ris Of Thso."
March, The ounhrs't ....-.-:.-......h seo
Overture, ''FingAl's ,Cays". .Asndels.onn
Rsveris ''CAthedrai. Chimes ..-LinanAl
sslSetion- s-rhs Belle Of BohsmlA"
EngiandoR
For trot, '.Anah's HolidNy''. .-.-Trtni
waltz suite, "A Shower X Cold
Idyl. IN. GLOW worm. a......L lneks
Finale, 1T Takes . Long. NOWn.akin
CAL ..............-...-.-..ss -. :.
The star-SpAngied Banosr.
The Washington times., 1917-08-13

Becky q chance;" Friday, Gladys
BrockweIl In TO Honor and Ooeyr
Saturday. Blanche Sweet In the 81
lent Partner."
The Washington times., 1917-08-13
CundaIrh

An entertaining story Is told in the
Aim, Souls Adrift," yesterdays at
traction at Crandalrs- The leading
characters are portrayed by Ethel
Clayton and Milton sills.
The story concerns the Affairs Of
Elma RAybourne, daughter OF mil
lionaire shipbuilder. and Micah Steele,
a young inventor, whom she has re-
jected as a sutton. By underhanded
tactics, Ambrose Raybourne, the
father. obtains the plans Of note
worthy invention by Steele, and the
latter sinks down in the social scale.
For revenge, he ships as assistant
engineer on a yacht upon which Ray
bourne and the girl are cruising. The
yacht 10 wrecked. Regaining con
sciousness on a llfeboat, Elma fnds
Micah 10 her sole companion They
land on a desert island.
Although the old love slumbers In
the mans breast. he 10 forced to sup
press Il on account of the girls at
tItuda- After an encounter with
pearl smugglers, the man proves him
self to the girl and the picture fadeI
as q rescuing vessel approaches. Thii
| picture remains the attraction a.
CrandaIrs today and Tuesday.
'Durand OF the Bad Lands" with
Dustin Farnum featured, will Be
shown wednesday and Thursday, AND
| 'SkInnS's Baby" with Bryant Wash
burn, on Friday and Saturday.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-12

was found that, the Bon Homme
Richard was in sinking condition
and the flag together with the crew
was transferred to the Scraps. and
later to the frigate Alliance of which
Paul Jones took command. It was
presented to the Smithsonian by Mrs
Harriet Perry Stafford. descendant
Of James Bayard Stafford of the Navy
of the Revolution, it being given to
him by a committee Of the Continental
Congress in 1884. 1t is of the twelve
star and thirteen stripe type. It is an.
example Of the earliest flag of a ma
tion for the emblem of the United
States is the oldest flag in the world,
being older than the present British
+ jack, the French tri-color, the flag of
Spain and many years older than the
national emblems of Germany or italy
Previous to the adoption of the ma
tional emblem by Congress In 177Y,
there, were flags used by individual
Icolonies and military bodies, but on
June IA, 1777, the first really national
emblem of any country came into ex-
istence. The resolution thus adopted
read as follows: "That the flag of the
thirteen United States be thirteen
stripes alternate red and white, that
the Union be thirteen stars, white on
blue field, REPRESENTING new CON
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-12

stellation." 1t did not define how
many points the stars should have.
how they should be grouped, nor did
1T make any provision for the addt-
,tional stars. 1t is presumed that the
number of points of the stars was set
tied upon by Washington during his
visit to Betsy Ross establishment in
Philadelphia when the drawings Of the
new emblem were completed.
b The star-Spangled Banner.
Perhaps the most sacred of all the
flags preserved in the, Museum is the
original Stars pangled Banner, which
Francis Scott Key saw $50 CALAMITY
streaming over Fort McHenry, at
Baltimore, when he wrote the national
EN- biem. This is the largest flag OF
the collection and measures about
thirty feet square,, although it was
probably somewhat longer.[ It shows
much wear being battered and torn
with one star missing, probably shot
away. The flag was made in Baltimore
~ Mrs. Mary Pickersgill and was fol-
years the property of Mr.. Eben Ap-
pleton, the grandson of Colonel George
Armistead, who commanded the land
forces at Baltimore at that time Mr..
Appleton, in presenting the flag to the
Museum, made the wise provision that
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-12

rests the responsibility of formulating
and establishing the general policies
to be. pursued by the various bureaus,
branches and offices of the Depart
ment
The Secretary has as his competent
chief of staff, the Assistant Secretary
of Agriculture, Carl Vrooman, who in
the present crisis is taking a most ac-
tive part not only in hts share of the
supervision and administration of the
work of the Department., but also in
stimulating popular interest among
the people to realization of their
duty in relation to the war emergency
food supply. -
One of the most important divi-
Hons of the work of the Department
of Agriculture is the Office of Farm
Management, since it's function is to
study existing farm practice and to
improve itsby introducing better bust
ness methods and by applying the
principles of science wherever they are
known. Professor WI. Spillman is
the agriculturist in charge of this inn
portant division of the service. with
a scientific staff OF over sixty experts
who are studying types of farming
prevailing in the various sections of
the country and making detailed
studies of farm economics and BUSH
ness principles with a. view to better
ing existing conditions.
The two main divisions of the De-
partment of Agriculture connected
with the food supply Of the nations
are the Bureau of Animal Industry
and the Bureau, of Plant Industry.
The Bureau of Animal Industry has
charge of the work Of the Department
relating to the livestock industry. In
general 1t deals with the investigation,
control and eradication of diseases of
animals, the inspection and Quarantine
of livestock, the inspection of meat
and meat food products. and with ami
NAL husbandry and dairying.
Professor A. D. Melvin is chief of
the Bureau of Animal Industry; and
working in cooperation with him is
IA large corps of trained scientific men.
specialists in their lines of work.
which include: Animal Husbandry
division. George M. Rnrnra~l chief.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-12

carried by the men of Maryland and
the District of Columbia under Lieut..
Col. Watson. who lost hislife at Mon
terey, and the other carried by Com
pany I. Fourth Regiment Indiana In
fantry. 1t has thirteen stripes with
an eagle in the field. The third is
tattered Mexican flag showing the
Mexican coat of arms-the eagle with
the snake in his beak emblazoned. on
ground of blue and was captured by
the men of the Maryland and District
or Columbia, Regiments. Our flag at
that period in history, contained thir-
teen stripes and Twenty-Five stars.
Civil War.
No less than ten flags of the time of
the Civil War are shown, the two most
important being the flag Of the gig in
which Commander Charles S. BogEs
U. S. Navy, left the gunboat Varuna
commanded by him when the vessel
| was sunk below New Orleans April
| "a, 1862, during an engagement with
a Confederate f1otilla and the United
States fleet commanded by Admiral
Farragut. The other is one owned
during the Civil War by Brevet-Major
Abner Doubleday, U. s. A. The flag
! Woo 6lFSL " lie DV Mrs.
Doubleday. Others are flags of more
or less Importance and are among the
collection of articles belonging to men
famous in American history
| Flag OF Truce.
| One of these, although not the ma
tional emblem, is especially interesting
| from the part it played in the ending
of the Civil War. IT is small white
towel little more than half a yard
lsauare. It was used as a flag of truce
by Major r.. M. Sims, C. S. A., when
he carried it into the Union lines on
April 9, 1865, at Appomattox. Virginia.
| at the request of Lieutenant General
i James Longstreet, C. S. a., for cessa-
ton of hostilities pending the proposed
/ conference between Grant and Lee.
The towel is the property of Mrs
fGeorge A. Custer. and has been loaned
to the Museum. It's part in history
makes it one of the most valued relics
fin the collection. Nearby are the Civil
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-12
! <HS G9<0(o~s0
A111D 3z ~ zx z@S S@2z@z
War flags with their thirty-f1ve stars.
Spanish American,

A number of Spanish American war
relics are also in the cases, among
them a Spanish flag from the trenches
before Santiago. Cuba. captured dur
ing our war. with Spain; also in the
same case a Spanish flag lowered from
the headquarters at Arecebo. Porto
Rico on August Is. 1898, when the city
was occupied by American forces.
There is also large flag which was
flown over the headquarters of the
9Th U. s. Army Corps at Cabanallan
Philippine Islands in 1899. Our flag
at this time contained forty-five stars
Miscellaneous Flags.
There are various flags used IN po-
litical campaigns as far back as the
days of William Henry Harrison and
| Henry Clay. but while these too play
their part in history they are by no
means as interesting as the big pen
nar1t used by the vessels employed in
| laying the Atlantic cable. This PEN
| nant is a curious mixture of the Amer
lean and British flags and was flown
from the frigate Niagara in 1857 and
1858. and by the Great Eastern in
1866 and 1858. while they were en-
gagged Gin linking Great Britain and
the United States by telegraph cable
across the Atlantic Ocean.
Admiral Peary's silk peace flag Is
prominently displayed. It was pre-
scented to him by the Daughters of the
Revolution before, he started on his
voyage of discovery to the North Pole.
and was carried with him on his long
journey and set up for time at the
North Pole on April 6, 1909.
The flag used at the head of the
/ Sr,oi 1,co to- - L.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-12
than that of any. other three nations
of the world combined.
s.nffce,.s f,g -ryy,< S1-,L... a,

than that of any. other three nations
of the world combined.
"oficers OF The Co1hmissary Army
For the past dozen years this great
agricultural machine has been grow
ing to meet the demands of a rapidly
expanding nation, and this interna-
tional crisis finds it throwing its full
power into the problem of producing
food for this nation and for its allies
in the world war.
President Wilson has called the
American ag-riculturists of today the
army of the commissary; and the men
who are scientifically directing the
food campaign of the nation during
the war might well be termed the
officers of the army of the commits
sary. These men are fully alive to
their great responsibility and are
working with might and main to make
their great machine as fully effective
as any military organization.
There is little which the people Of
a nation eat and few things which
they wear that are not the fruit, If
agricultural effort. The men who are
digging the agricultural trenches in
the country and the men behind the
guns aimed at the common enemy of
food scarcity, waste and unemployed
labor. with those who are directing
the efforts to feed not only this coun-
try's. hundred million citizens, but
England. France and Belgium as well
are worthy of acquaintance.
The directors of the great army of
the conmissary are comprised in sew
eraI hundred officials, scientists and
experts IS n -T:sed States Depart
ment of Agriculture who might be
compared to the staff officers of the
regular Army, with several thousand
Investigators, field inspectors and
specialists who might be nkened to
the line officers in a military organ
ization.
Ho-.ston And Vrooman AS Leaders.
4 David S, Houston. Secretary of
Agriculture, is the general command
ing the great army of the commissary
of this nation, having general super
vision. and control over the affairs of
the ent.~o r ~ - ------i st--s 1855, 49,,
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-12

the flag should under no condition be
vents the risk of it's being hauled about
the country to fairs, celebrations and
places where there is risk of it's being
torn or lost by fires or injured in trans
portation. This flag represents anoth-
er period in the history of our en-
blem, as it is of the fifteen star, if
teen stripe type adopted in 1895. This
was after the admission of Vermont
and Kentucky to the Union when
Congress decided upon this plan of
flag, it apparently being the intention
to add a stripe as well as q star for
each additional State The inadvis-
ability of this type became apparent
in few years for in 1918, when the
number of States had increased to
twenty, new resolution was passed
in Congress reducing the stripes to
thirteen, to typify the thirteen orig
inal States, thus paying a lasting trib-
ute to original colonies whose courage
and sacrifice were the foundation Of
American liberty.
It. seems that. for many years the
Army did not carry the Stars and
Stripes in battle, although it was used
L
carried flags known as standards
which were comprised of a blue
ground with an eagle and the number
of stars to designate the troop en-
blazoned thereon. In 1884 the ar
tillery began to carry the American
flag, while the infantry and cavalry
still carried the standards In 1841
the infantry first used the flag, but. the
cavalry did not carry it until 1887.
Mexican War Flags.
Several flags used in the Mexican
war are preserved in the Museum and
two are among the first carried in war
against foreign foe. They are owned
by the Danes of 1916, a body of wom-
| en- who are descendants of those gall
liant men who went into Mexico in
1916, in defense of the honor of our
country. The three flags are prom
inently displayed in a case in the
Museum and attract no little attention.
Two of them are Battalion flags. one
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-12

and eorrects their evil effects by me-
chanical handling, by the use of fer
tilizers and by other methods avail
able to the farmer.
The office of Grain Standardization
". w. T. Duvel. Technologist. in
charge, is one of the very important
divisions of the Bureau of Plant In
dustry in war time. since its investiga-
lions relate to the harvesting of grain
and it's proper preparation for mar
ket, its handling, storing and grading
on the farm, at country elevators, and
the terminal markets, and its handling
by transportation companies. The of
fee of Cereal Investigations. with
Mark Alfred Carleton, cerealist in
charge. dealing with the culture, adap-
tation, Improvement and uses OF
cereal crops is strong in its encour-
agement of cereal cultivation as war
! time staples.
Corn An Important Factor.
The food campaign in the United
States would lack materially in eff
fectiveness without the aid of the of
flee of Corn Crop Investigations OF
the Department Of Agriculture. which
is in charge of c. d. Hartley. These
investigations are. planned to deter
mine the fundamental principles of
corn improvement. adaptation. enl-
ture and use which influence the guam
| tity, quality and profitableness of corn
production.
| The office of Forage Crop investiga-
lions, Charles v. Piper. agrostologist
in charge, is placing on the market
many new foods for human and animal
consumption which bear direct and
| favorable relation to food conserva-
| ton and production.
| One of the most important divisions
of the Department of Agriculture at
this season of intensive agriculture is
! that of Horticultural and Pomological
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-12

ington when he said. I'VE take the
star from Heaven, the red from our
mother country separating 1t by white
stripes, thus showing that we have
separated from her and the white
stripes shall go down to posterity rep
resenting liberty" =
In the Museum among the relics
are about thirty historic American
flags. On the labels, the history of
each Is recorded. Some came from
|battlefelds and some from great sea
fights, while others have flown over
historic forts and still others used in
great expeditions or, in political cam
paigns. Il
Flag or John Paul Jones.
The first display of the stars and
stripes is believed to have been on
August 6. 1777, when the new flag
was hoisted over the troops. at Fort
Schuyler, Rome. New York. No trace
of this relic can be found and one is
led to suppose that it was worn out
by the elements. but the first flag
used on the sea is in the Museum and
is in a fine state of preservation. 1t
was flown from the Bon Homme Rich
ard, by John Paul Jones, in 1873.
when he captured the British frigate
Scraps on September twenty-third of
that year. After the enlightenment #
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-12

shown how by substituting Is per
cent. of other grain to take the place
of flour in bread, millions of bushels
of wheat may be saved annually to the
nation.
The States Relations Service. Of
which DR.. A. C. True is director. rep
resents the Secretary Of Agriculture
| in his relations with State Agricultural
colleges and experiment stations and
extension work in agriculture and
! home economics; also in carrying out
! the provisions of acts of Congress
making appropriations to this depart
ment for farmers cooperative demon
! stration work, Investigations relating
Ito agricultural schools, farmers IN
stitutes and home economies. The
active WORK of the various officials in
lcharge of the several divisions OF this
office is effectual and far-reaching in
| its beneficial effects to increase food
production in time of war.
An Important Division.
The office of Markets and Rural or
ganization is one of the most import
ant divisions of the Department of
Agriculture in time of war. since 1T
covers market conditions. demands for
Sp0cluC crops sources OIL supply.
Standardization, packing and lshaEp nE
waste in marketing. profits in handling
farm products, with means for the
reduction of those which are excess
sive, and other phases of the ques-
ton. DR.. Charles j. Brand is CHIEF
of this office, and he is aided by n
staff of some twenty five specialists
in charge of the work of as many
divisions of the work, with over n
hundred experts carrying it out with
full efficiency.
1t is also of vital importance to the.
Lagriculturist to know what to expect
in the way of weather conditions. and
the Weather Bureau of the Depart
ment o. ,Agricu3 IRE mas charge OF
forecasting of weather; the issue and
display of weather forecasts and
storm, cold-wave. frost and flood
warnings, the gauging and reporting
of river stages. and the maintenance
and operation of the Weather Bureau
telegraph and telephone lines.
The chief of this bureau. which tells
the farmers of coming temperature
and rainfall conditions is Charles F.
Marvin, and the various divisions of
the Office. in Washington and in every
section of the country, are headed by
scientists in weather nradinti~--
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-12

which studies the breeding and feed
ing of farm animals and poultry. and
passes upon the pure breeding of ami
mails imported into the United States;
Biochemic laboratory. M. Dorset,
chief. which carries on researches in
many lines relative to animal dis
cases. meat and meat food products;
Dairy division, g. H. Rawl. chief.
which collects and disseminates in
formation concerning dairy farming;
field inspection, r. A. Ramsay, chief,
and Meat Inspection division, with r.
p. Steddom, chief.
Plant Life And Agriculture.
The Bureau of Plant Industry.
whose chief is sWilliam A. Taylor and
Assistant Chief Karl F. Kellerman.
studies plant life in all its relations
to agriculture. The scientific work
of this bureau is divided into thirty
one distinct groups, over each of
which is placed scientifically trained
officer, who reports directly to the
chief and assistant chief of the bu-
reau.
The work of the Bureau Of Plant
Industry is conducted on the project
plan, the Investigations under each of
the offices being arranged by group
projects consisting of closely related
lines of work These group projects
are further divided into sub-projects
the entire personnel of scientific work
ers undertaking important work in
plant industry numbering many hun
dreds.
A division of the work especially
prominent in war time is the Office
OF Crop Physiology and Breeding In
vestigations. Walter T. Swingle, Ply
siologist in charge, which investigates
the physiology of plants with a view
to determining the limiting factors
which control their successful culture
and the breeding and testing of new
varieties.
The office of Soil and Fertility In
vestigations, with Oswald Schreiner,
biochemist in charge, is particularly
active at this time, since it studies
the causes of and remedy for infer
Utility in certain soils. It separates,
Identifies and studies certain organic
Substances found in Ilnnroductive soils
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-12

Investigations. L. c. Corbett, horti-
culturist in charge. The work of this
office includes. beside many other
lines of work. miscellaneous investiga-
tons bearing on the development of
the fruit industry and truck crop In
vestigatfons and potato Investigations.
Professor Corbett has lent himself to
assiduous endeavor in the encourage
ment of gardening for every man and
woman, and his expensive corps of CO.
workers have given time and effort to
meet the situation at the proper time.
The division of Foreign Seed and
Plant Introduction has done valiant
and successful part to meet the food
shortage of the time by introducing
new seeds and plants of high economic
value to take the place of and to sup
plement the supply of scarcer domestic
com nodities.
Deals With Vital Food Questions.
The Bureau of Chemistry. of the
Department of Agriculture, whose
chief is DR.. Carl L. Alsberg, has a
corps of officers whose scientific aid
in the food campaign has been very
valuable. as some of the divisions of
this bureau bear directly on the vital
food questions of the day.
The Dairy laboratory is one of these.
Its chemist in charge is g. E. Patrick.
and a large part of it's work at pres
emit is in the line of examination of
interstate samples of milk, butter.
cheese, and other dairy products. to
determine questions as to their adul-
terations.
The Fruit and Vegetable Utiliza-
ton laboratory, H. c. Gore in charge,
is investigating the utilization of sur
plus and Gull fruits and vegetables by
various processes. which include their
conversion into syrups and methods of
drying as a means of war time con-
fservation. At present, apples and po-
tatoes are receiving the greatest share
of attention.
One of the most valuable lines of
war work emanatings from the Bureau
of Chemistry comes from the Plant
Chemical Laboratory, DR.. j. A. Lee
Clerc is chemist in charge of this
work, ana his studies of the chemical
changes taking place in grain during
termination, mailing and storage. as
we'll as in milling and breadma king
have made for material advantage in
the production of the staff of life. By
recent experiments in breakmaking
DR.. LeClerc and his assistants have
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-12
Copyright. 1917, by The Internationai
Syndicate.

1T has been said. many times and
in many different ways, that the
war will be won through the
wheat fields; and that how soon
1t will be won depends very largely
uDon what the American farmers will
40 toward this end.
The farmers of Europe are in the
trenches; the farmers of America must
raise the food to keep them there as
well as to help to feed their families
at home. ......e..
sasn America do her part in this
SezSect7
~ has the land ard the natural
resources and she has the labor. What
her people most need at this time is
full realization of their response
bility; and with this practical realiza-
ton ON the part of the American
pub1is the duration of war can, be
materially shortened.
Beside her land and her. natural
resources and her labor, the American
people have at their command to help
them. at every stage of food produc-
ton the greatest establishment in the
world for working out agricultural
problems. For the United States De-
partuant Of Agriculture is greater