davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
Big Waste OF COAL
American Railroads Might Save
$1OO,00O,O00 Annually
LARGEST single COST item
Use of pulverized Fuel Is Given as So
luton of Serious Economic Prob
Iem-Arduous Labor by Fire
man Done Away With.

An expert whose paper is summar-
lied by Railway and Locomotive En-
cheering makes the interesting decla-
ration that American railroads might
save from one-quarter to One-third of
their coat bill-a proportion amounting
to from $7S,OOO,O0O to $1OO,000,000 an
nually-by the use of pulverized coal.
The present waste arises from the fuel
burned, when locomotives are not ac-
tually using steam to move, in kindling,
preparing, cleaning and maintaining
CRATE fires.
"Next to labor" says the engineering
organ, "the largest single item of cost
for transportation in this country is
the fuel for locomotive operation. . {.
1.-THE necessity for conserving the
supply of oil in the rapidly exhausting
fields for other than railroad fuel pur-
poses, will soon eliminate it from loco
motive service, while the higher prices
and shortage in supply of the larger
size and better grades of solid Goals
now in demand for the commercial
trade will bring about the use of the
less salable by-product of the mines in
pulverized form.
"Steam locomotives will eventually
have to be equipped so as to approx
mate to electric machines by the use Of
pulverized fuel, which in turn will elm
mate smoke, SCOT, cinders, sparks and
fire hazards; reduce noise, bring down
the time for dispatching at terminals,
and standby losses snd increase the
daily mileage by providing for longer
runs and more nearly continuous serv-
ice between general repeir periods.
"By mechanically feeding ard burn
ing pulverized fuel, arduous labor on
the part of the fireman Is replaced by
the more skilled manual control Of
combustion, and assistance is given to
the engineer in the operation of the
locomotive and permits better chance
for the observation of track and Sig
mails.
1.-THE opportunity for reducing the
nonproductive time of existing locomo-
tives, and for relieving terminal con-
gestion that is now caused by the ne
cessity for cleaning fires, ash pans,
flues and smoke boxes; inspecting and
repairing draft, crate and ash-pan ap-
planes, and for firing up and supply
ing firing tools and equipment to coal
burning locomotive CRATES, makes the
use of pulverized fuel one of the most
effective and economical means for in
creasing the net earning capacity Of
present single and double-track steam
roads,"
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
TO IMPROVE ISLAND ROADS
oil-Burning Locomotives of American
Type to Be lnaueurated in
British West Indies.

On recommendation of the governor
of Trinidad and Tobago, British West
Indies, improvements are to be made
on the government railroads. There
are now 10 miles of standard track,
of which the government operates ia
and leases the remainder The rail-
road is not profitable. The net in
come is $4,000, which is not sufti-
cient to meet the interest charges and
provide for the sinking fund. Yet in
spite of this more expenditures are to
be incurred, and some additions will
be made to the power outfit. Oil
burning locomotives are to be ordered,
as Oil is produced in the colony in
large quantities, and If it can be used
with good results will effect a large
economy. The price of Welsh coal de-
livered is now SIS ton, whereas a
ton of oil fuel costs about $S The
new locomotives will be of American
manufacture and Americans are ex-
pected to provide the material for
other improvements. The road is
managed on an absolute block system,
and in the 40 years of its operation
only II passengers have lost their
lives through train accidents out of .
total of 100000 carried.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
Community Effort Not New.

Words come into fashion and go out
again, much like clothes. Just now
the word community" is very much
in vogue. We hear about community
singing societies, community forums,
community celebrations and commu-
nifty projects Of all sorts. Most of these
are highly commendable.
One reaction, though, of the frequent
use of this word Is to spread the idea
that all this community enterprise is
something new. Everything we have
done is by way Of community effort. 1t
is wholesome thing to pause, some
times, and remember that everything
we do is a community thing. In the
final analysis there is no such thing
as "self-made man." The Germans
have grown to understand this more
than we have; hence many of their
finest achievements in cooperation.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04

jections anywhere on the inside Of the
stable. The same idea is followed in
the stall partitions.
In this particular stable the only
support to the ceiling is from the par
tition uprights between the cows,
which are Cemented in the floor and
fastened to the ceiling by screws
through threaded plates. A loft over q
stable like this Is not used for any
purpose except as an air space, and
the air is changed by having a window
in each gable. The silos are placed
between the stable and storage barn,
with room for feed carrier to pass
through; this carrier track extends the
whole length of the COW stable, and
runs far enough into the storage barn
to load the litter carrier.
The value Of this arrangement may
be better understood by the study of
one fact-that north of the forty-sec-
ond parallel Of latitude there Is an
average of only six weeks of good pas
ture. There are droughts sandwiched
in between late spring and early fall
frost, so that dairymen are obliged to
supply manger feed for ten or eleven
months. In fact, some Of the best
dairymen don't depend on pasture, ex-
cept to have run for the cows for
exercise, fresh air and general health.
OF course, they want cows to get some
picking, and this is necessary to in
duce the cows to travel about. But
when 1t comes to actual feeding, the
stable is depended upon In summer as
well as winter. The storage of silage
and the growing Of alfalfa have brought
about this change.
The old plan Of growing soiling
crops is not carried on to any great
extent; labor is too expensive. Silage
and alfalfa are better and cheaper. At
the same time, good cows appreciate
feed once day of green stuff. It
may be clover, oats, succotash, alfalfa,
or any other good forage crops, but
this feed is given as an appetizer more
than for the actual returns in milk de-
rived from 1t.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
RAILROAD STOPS ARE COSTLY
Stopping and Starting Ordinary
Freight Train Is 60 Cents.

A railroad in the Southern part Of
the United States, in order to make it
plain to its patrons why suburban
trains are not stopped whether there
are passengers or not, has carefully
computed the cost of stopping a train.
The calculation was made that it costs
about 60 cents to stop a freight train
of 1000 tons and then to speed it up
again to it's normal rate of % miles
an hour. This calculation was, of
course, based upon the price of coal.
One-half of this expense represented
the amount of coal burned; then there
was the time wasted by the men, this
being valued at ten cents. The wear
and tear on the brakes and the start
ing pechanism was estimated at 20
cents.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
Hometown
4gEtlglpsA
-S--k--S-
SCREENED PORCH is DELIGHT
Such an Adjunct to Farmhouse May
Be Used as an Outdoor Dining
Room and as Sitting Room.

The screened porch opening into the
kitchen and overlooking the flower
garden, which every woman loves and
should take time to enjoy, is one of
the delights that is coming for every
farm wife. This porch may be used
all summer for the outdoor dining
room and for sitting room, too, if
there is not another porch, (alsO
screened) on the other side of the
house.
This porch with its view of the love-
ly garden and shrubbery is a delight
from early spring when the first plum
and cherry blossoms come, to the time
of late autumn flowers. Why should
the view which is seen so often from
early dawn till dewy eve be a chicken
coop or a pigpen?
Chicken COOps, pigpens and barn
yards are Indispensable but why not
arrange to have the often unsightly
spots screened by shrubs? The beau
tiful elder grows in profusion nearly
everywhere and there is no expensive
| Dill uD DOuSuI III d uuISeIy NHlCll HIS
more grace and beauty. 1t grows
easily and spreads so that in a few
years one may have a lovely back
ground for the garden in front 1t
is doubtful if the psalmist could have
written so charmingly if he had not
been able "to lift his eyes to the
hills, whence cometh my help"
The expense of screening a porch
is an item that must be considered
and yet where the man CT the house
is at all handy with tools it may be
done with little expense outside OF
the cost of lumber, screens and paint.
The amount of comfort enjoyed by
the family on such porch cannot be
estimated in dollars and cents.
In ordinary seasons it may be used
for an outdoor dining room, and sleep
ing porch for baby from four to six
months of the year. What home con-
venience at the same cost would be
the comfort to the entire family?
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
Floor Plan.

outside blinds, painted dark green.
This is for the purpose of shutting it
up dark after the cows are MIXED in
the morning in summer. When the
blinds are shut the stable is so dark
that flies will not stay in it. Dairymen
have taken lessons from good house
keepers in this respect. Flies will
crawl out Of a very small crack to get
from darkness to light. You can't
shut flies out of a COW stable, that is,
you can't shut them all out; but 1t is
possible to shut up stable like this
so dark that they will all leave it be-
tween morning and evening milking
hours.
OF course, the cows will carry flies
in with them when they are stabbed in
the afternoon, and this cannot be
avoided very well. However, some
New York dairymen have dark pas
sageways leading to the stables, where
o. good many flies are brushed off by
the attendant as the cows pass in. One
dairyman experimental with station
ATy DEuSneS III udTk DdSSuSeWuy,
which is an automatic way of brush
ing the flies off the cows as they enter
the stable.
Easter dairymen usually are well
supplied with small hills or banks on
which to arrange their stables, barn.
yards, etc. For this plan, gently
sloping bank, falling away towards the
south or southeast, is preferable. The
north is usually protected by group
Of trees or high board fence.
During the last ten years stables
have grown in size and dimensions.
Little cellar windows Of meager sizes
in lonesome connection have been dis
placed by two sash windows, as care
fully made and adjusted as the win
dows in the house. The system of
ventilation in this stable is q combina-
ton system, with the ceiling openings
that permit the ventilators to carry
off the warm air from the top of the
stable in summer.
There may be built-in the concrete
floor in the feed passageway--a CEN
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04

trail air duct to admit fresh air. Over
this air duct is placed wooden walk,
built of 2 by 4 cross pieces, with the
boards nailed on lengthwise. This
leaves an opening between the by 4
cross pieces for the entrance of afr
into the stable directly in front of the
cows noses.
According to the principle of warm
air circulation, this arrangement is
theoretically correct. Air is admitted
in the center of the room that is prop
erly prOpOrtiOned and close enough
built to prevent the influence of out
side air currents. The cold air from
outside is heated by the lungs and the
body warmth of the cows. Warm air
will rise to the ceiling and spread in
every direction. As it loads up with
impurities, and as its temperature is
reduced, the air becomes heavier. AS
it reaches the outer walls it descends
and is drawn through the outlet flues
from near the floor behind the cows.
Practical stable ventilation must be
SluNlOu lbI CdOll bululuS CCjCl dltlN.
What will work out in one stable
would be useless in another, because
of some popularity in the structure.
This center horizontal air duct is
worth a trial. Being made of con-
crete, it may be kept perfectly clean,
and, being open, it is less of a harbor
for rats and mice than some of the
wall air ducts that are placed in sta
bleS. This center walk is made in
sections, so it may be lifted up and
rested against the front of the manger
while the stable is being swept with
broom or cleaned with hose.
Any system of stable ventilation re-
quires a temperature above 80 de-
grees F. to keep air in circulation. A
temperature above so may be main
tanned in good stable in zero weather
by packing the cows close enough to-
gether. This is, of course, likely to
lead to the old argument about the
amount of air space required for ami
mails, and this is a subject that has
never been settled to the satisfaction
of dairymen, But good cOwmen like
to have the air changed whether there
Is much or little to change. These
men make their stable ceiling low and
are particular to have a good-sized
COW in each stall.
In building these stables in the
East, dairymen are particular not to
leave any lodges to hold dust. They
use inside ceiling without beading and
they paint the ceiling in such way as
to fill the cracks so far as possible, so
the ceiling is smooth and alright. For
the same reason there are no window
stools. There are no unnecessary pro-
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
Use Of Stratifled Trees.

The trees of stratified growth,
shelves, Verticels, whorls or whatever
you may call these peculiarities, are
not to be Unfortunately planted.
Nearly all the araucarias and many
frs and spruces have this growth.
These may be used where the lines of
buildings near by or in the background,
are mainly horizontal, for then har-
mony prevails. A billy or cliff back
ground showing terraces or stratified
outcropping of rocks would also har-
monte with such trees, as would broad
sketches of plains, but rounded hill
and undulating mountain range do not
invite such trees. Sharp and jagged
peaks, however, would admit of such,
especially those of spirelike tips.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
KILLED ON ILLINOIS ROADS
In 1915 There Were Fewer Accidents
Than in Any other Year Since
1999-Many Trespassers.

Perhaps you don't desire to travel
800 years at the rate Of mile a min
ute, but if you had been permitted to
do so, then you would have transacted
a little journey of 2,5OO,000,000 miles,
and this would represent the passen-
ger traffic handled in Illinois in a
year. In this year, 1915, there were
fewer railroad accidents than in any
other year since 1899, and of the
total killed 60 per cent were not law
fully riding on trains but were tres
passers upon railroad property. Liter
ally speaking, in 1915 only IA people
were killed ON trains, while trespass-
ers numbered 427.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04

change. l later took Lydia E. Pink
hams Vegetable Compound and soon
felt change for the better. | took it
until | was in good healthy condition.
recommend the Pinkham remedies to
all women as have used them with such
good results. Mrs. MILFORD T. CUM
MINGs, 322 Harmony St., PENIS Grove,
N. j.
Such testimony should be accepted by
all women as convincing evidence Of
the excellence of Lydia E. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound as a remedy for
the distressing ills of women such as
displacements, Inflammation, liberation,
backache, painful periods, nervousness
and kindred ailments.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
IMPERATIVE NEED OF DATA
Actual Resistance Track Rails viii
Endure Without Loss of Integrity
of Big Importance.

Imperative need Of acquiring COM
plete data upon the actual resistance
track rails will endure without loss
Of integrity is pointed out in report
Of the division of safety of the inter-
state commerce commission, covering
the wreck Of train at Iser, Tex, in
January, 1916.
II. w. Belnap, chief Of the division,
Who prepared the report, points out
that the transverse assures such as
were found in the rail which caused
the accident cannot be determined by
inspection.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
RAILROAD NET INCOME LESS
Decrease of $4,5oo,ooo Shown for Year
Ended June 80, 1916, According
to Reports Issued.

There was a decrease Of $4,500,000
in net income of the principal rail-
roads Of the country for the year end
ed June 30, 1916, according to reports
issued by the interstate commerce
commission.
Although there was falling off
in the net income, the operating rev.
enues of the railroads showed gain
of $22,500,000. Increased operating
expenses, according to the report,
were responsible for the loss in In
come.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
Novel Rock Fountain.

by; the waste water drains from this
into the side toward the street where
there is a drinking trough for horses.
In this way the problem Of the waste
from the drinking-fountain is solved
Popular Science Monthly.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
FOUNTAIN OF NOVEL DESIGN
This Attractive Structure of Con-
crete and Bouders.

The drinking fountain shown in the
illustration has several features that
serve to make is distinctive. 1t is con-
Structed of concrete and boulders,
rough concrete blocks, and similar ma
terial.
On the side toward the house there
Ia a drinking fountain for the passer-
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
SpIrituelte.

"Your daughters beauty is spir-
ituelle."
Think SOP"
"There is something wistful about
her expression"
"She gets that way just before meal
time. We got corned beef and cab
bage today. She likes that"
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04

BILE Compound for
Inflammation and
other weaknesses. I
was very irregular
and would have ter
rible pains SO that I
could hardly take q
step. Sometimes /
would be 80 misera-
BILE that l could not
sweep a room. /
doctored part of the
time but felt no
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04

shipping passenger
Seattle shipped
be
hanks of
a of
country
cllanics
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04

The quiet wedding may be the calm
before the storm.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04

The important development of dairy
farming during the last decade is very
forccfully indicated by the changes
which have occurred in the stables
2Sed on such farms. In the improve
ment Of sanitary conditions around
such stables, one thing at a time has
been found wanting until the dairy
stable has come strongly into the at
tention Of farm-building architects,
rentilating experts and equipment en-
gineerS causing it to be given a thor
ough overhauling and redesigning.
Several types have been established,
all of which aim to accomplish praC-
tically the same thing. Primarily, the
animals must be furnished the best
possible conditions in which to live
and, SecOndarily, the building must be
easy to keep clean.
This is an Easter COW stable. It has
some features which are different from
other good stables, some of which are
well liked by everyone who has tried
them out.
Where the winters are cold, as they
are where dairying has been conducted
TO the best advantage. a stable really
should be built for warmth in winter
and clean, airy GOODNESS in summer.
This design sometimes is fitted with
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
ghe Easter Contains Features
Not Found in Some Other
Modern Structures.
REST PROTECTION FOR cows
There Must Be Freedom From Insects,
Good Ventilation and Comfort
in Temperature for Sure
Milk Production.
BY WILLIAM A. RADFoRD.

Mr. William A. Radford will answer
questions and give advice FREE OF
COST on all subjects pertaining to the
tubject of building work on the farm. for
he readers OF this paper. On account Of
his wide experience as Editor, Author and
Manufacturer, he u.s. without doubt, the
highest authority on all these subjects
Address all inquiries to William A. Rad
ford. No. 1927 Prairie avenue, Chicago,
an, and only inclose two-cent stamp for
replYn
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04

Other peoples faults are always con
spicuouS.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-05-04
NOTICE TO
SICK WOMEN
Positive Proof That Lydia
E. Pinkham's Vegetable
Compound Relieves
Suffering.

Bridgeton, MI cannot speak too
highly of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegeta-
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1917-03-30
Nothing But Praise for
This Kidney Medicine

am of the opinion that DR.. kilmers
Swamp Root enjoys the best reputation
and has met with more success In the
treatment of the diseases for which it is
intended. than any other medicine on the
market Swamp Root sells and pleases;
and in gravel it is recommended as one OF
the best medicines. | am so well pleased
with the demand for Swamp-Root that 1
never fail to give it my personal recon-
mendation, feeling that it will do what IL
claims.
Very truly yours,
+. VIM. DIEDRICH, Druggist,
209 Main Street,
Dec. 9, 1916. Ripon, Wis.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1917-03-30
Great Thoughts in Prison.

Prison literature has many fine pro-
auctions to it's credit in prose as well
as poetry. says the London Chronicle.
In his prison at Athens, Socrates COM
pleted his great argument for immor-
tally; in a Roman dungeon Calico
made some of his greatest discoveries.
In his prison in the Wartburg castle
Luther translated the New Testament
into the German language. During his
II years in Bedford Jail Bunyan
dreamed his immortal dream of the
'Pilgrim's Progress" Sir Walter
Raleigh wrote his fragmentary history
of the world to beguile the long years
OF his Imprisonment in the Tower of
London. Much of the New Testament
also is prison literature. Some of the
finest of the epistles of st. Paul were
written during his Imprisonment at
Rome, and the book of the Revelation
of st. John was written while he was
an exile in the island prison of Pat
mos.
Northern Wisconsin advertiser. [volume] (Wabeno, Wis.) 1898-1925, 1917-03-30
NEW YORK WANTS A CHANGE
Desires Unsightly Post Office Building
Erected Soon After the War Re-.
moved From City Park.

If the cracking of the walls Of the
unsightIy downtown post office build
ing which for O whole generation has
been permitted TO occupy the souther-
ly end Of City Hall park turns out to
be serious enough to necesSitate the
removal of the building, it is to be
hoped that enough public spirit will be
manifested in New York to compel the
return of the park land to the city and
the erection of q new federal building
elsewhere says the New York Times.
The building designed by Mullet has
always been regarded as an ill-favored
specimen of architecture. The lower
end of City Hall park had been seized
by the United States government dur
ing the war between the states as an
encampment for volunteers and the
shabby barracks did not disappear UNI
I'll some time after the war. The
ground was never repaired and il was
transferred to the federal gOvernment
for a post Office and courthouse when
the minds of public-spirited citizens
were wholly occupied with other mat
ters. The courtrooms have always
been Ill ventilated. The building has
been uncomfortable within and UNI
slightly as to its exterior. Its removal
has long been hoped for.