davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
KNOCK OUT HIGHER POSTAGE.
Postoffice Bill Purged of Cent Rate
on Local Deliveries.

on Local Deliveries.
ngton-Postoffice department
recommendations for zone system
increasing postal rates on newspa-
pers and magazines, for penny post
age ON local deliveries and for cur
tailment of the pneumatic tube mail
service in cities, have been stricken
out of the annual postoffice bill by
the house, sitting as committee of
the whole. 1t is expected another
vote on the provisions will be de-
manded when the measure comes up
FOR passage, and if they again are
rejected they will be reintroduced in
the form of separate bills.
he postoff:ce bill, carrying APP
preparations of $322,OOO,OOO, was com
rleted in committee Of the whole,
and house leaders expect to pass it.
Other provisions stricken out include
a 100000 appropriation for an ex-
perimental airplane mail service and
a proposal for a bonding guaranty
system for postal employees. Repeat
ed efforts to put into the bill sec.
ton authorizing government owner
ship of telegraph and telephone lines
we're blocked by points of order.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19

caused a further break in the egg
market, with the price to the produc
ers at $11@11.5O and wholesale 81
more. Storage are down to 5000.
Dressed Meats-The market is rul
ing about as formerly, but there is
a stronger undertone to the livestock
market, with receipts just fair and
prospects of a higher range. Hogs
are now ruling on approximately q
1Oc basis for prime stock. Sheep are
also very scarce.
Poultry-Hens and springers have
been advanced during the week to
13@14c for the former and lac for
the latter Geese are also up little
at lie. Receipts are only fair.
Lard and Cured Meats-Market is
ranging about as formerly with nc
change as to prices in either lard OF
hams and bacon.
Hides and Wool-Market is still
very unsatisfactory and it Is predict
ed that prices will go lower unless
there is a marked change for the
better.
Fruits and Vegetables.
Apples-Fancy stocks still rule at
about $1@1.75, while cookers are a
little higher at 6o075c. Movement
is still very unsatisfactory. The mar
ket at New York has shown stronger
tendencies, while there is little change
at Chicago.
Oranges-Stocks are getting very
good with quality excellent. Slight
decline in quotations are noted this
week, with fancy Navels at $3@3.25
and choice at $2.s5@3. Jap oranges
are out of the market.
Other Fruits-Cranberr still hold
at $11 per barrel, but break will
probably soon be made. Grapefruit
is still quoting a previous price with
the quality good. Bananas still hold
at SIC.
Potatoes-Market is still firm at
1925 and from Indications it may &c
higher should the producers hold of
for better figures, although they may
hold too long and get left, as spuds
from the south will soon be due on
this market.
oIHel VeBelduies- CdDDdse anu VI
onions have been boosted in price
the past week, due to short supplies
Cabbage is now offered at $3.25@4
per cwt. and dry onions are up to
$4@5 per cwt. Green peppers are
also up this week, being quoted at
2O@25c per pound, while California
celery has been markd up to $1@
1.25 per dozen. Other vegetables
hold at previous quotations.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
STAYS HER HUSBAND
TO KEEP HER LIPS
FREE OF LIQUOR

Denver.-After what she described
to the police as five-hour struggle
with her husband to prevent him
from forcing her to drink liquor, Mrs
John Lawrence Smith, Saturday drew
a revolver from dresser drawer in
their home in fashionable resi-
dence district and shot Smith to
death.
Mrs. Smith is 43 years old. Her
husband was 33. Mrs. Smith is the
divorced wife of William A. Moore, a
prominent attorney of Denver and
brother of David Hastings Moore,
formerly bishop of the Methodist
church at Kansas City, Mo-, now dead
Smith formerly was a chauffeur in
the Moore household.
The Smiths had been separated for
some time. The home where Mrs
Smith was living was owned by Mil
dred Moore, IL years old, Mrs
Smiths daughter by her former mar.
riage.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
MARKET REPORT
Chicago.

Chicago.
Hogs-Weak at a shade above yes
terday's average. Bulk, $1O.30@1O.60
light, $9.9O@1O.5o; mixed, $1O.15Q
1865; heavy, $10.20@10.7O; rough
$10.2O@1o.35; pigs, $7.6O@9.5O.
Cattle-StrOng. Native beef cattle
$7.75@11.S0; western steers, $500
10; stockers and feeders, $5.5O@s.s5;
COWS and heifers, $4,000; calves
$9.75Q14.25.
Sheep = Firm. Wethers, $4,000
1865; ewes, $7.25@1o.25; lambs, Sill;
@14.15.
Wheat-No. 2 red, nominal; No. ;
red, $1.921s; No. 2 hard, $195Q197k;
No. 3 hard, nominal.
Corn-No. 2 yellow, 96k Qe7Rc;
No. yellow, 95A @96Rc; No. white
$4,000.
Oats--No. 3 white, 55s4@57Ac;
standard, 56R@57kc.
Rye-No. 2, nominal.
Barley, $1@1.31.
Timothy, $3.5O@5.5O; clover, STAG
Butter = Easier; cream cry, 81
@33kc.
Eggs-Higher; frsts, 43Q44c; ordi
nary firsts, 36@39c; at mark, cases
included, 35@42c.
New York.
Spot cotton quiet; middling uplands
1880.
Coffee-spot firm; Rio rs, 1oc; San
tos As, lie. Offers of Santos as were
reported in the cost and freight mar
ket at 10.sOc and of we'll described
Santos 3s at 11.1Oc London credits.
The official cables reported an ad-
vance of rs refs in the Rio market
with Santos spots unchanged and fu-
lures unchanged to rs reis lower
San Francisco.
Wheat-Firm; no trading
Barley = May, $2.27k bid, $2.33
asked.
Wheat-Blutestem, $16301.65; for
tyfold, $3.50; club and red fife, $3.50
1.59; red Russian, $1.53.
Portland.
Hogs-Steady. Bulk of packing
grades, s1o.1o@1o.35; heavy packing,
S1o.40@10.5o; heavy butchers, 5000
@1o.5o; light packing, $1o.25@10.35;
rough heavies, $9.25@9.5o; pigs and
skips, 10000; stock hogs, $3.50
s.75; cripples, $500.
Cattle-Steady. Steers, prime pulp
fed, $3.50; prime heavy. ss.25@8.5o;
good, $7.75@s; cows, $7@7.50; medi-
UNI to good, $6.25@6.75; ordinary to
fair, $5.5o@6; heifers, $6.25@7.50;
bulls, S4@6; calves, 5000.
Sheep-Strong. Lambs, east Of
mountains, $11@11.s5; lambs, valley,
$105O@1O.75; lambs, good, $9.75@
1925; choice yearling wethers, 500
10; good yearlings, $s.7509; choice
ewes, $s@s.25; reavy ewes, S6.75@
$50
Butter Prints, extras, 3s@3ec;
cubes, extras, 34h @35c; firsts, SAC;
dairy, 27c.
January delivery: Wheat-Blue-
stem, $1.65; fortyfold, S1.5s; club,
$1.56; red Russian, $1.54. Oats-No.
white feed, S3e.5o; barley, No. feed,
$3.50.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
SUCCESS OF A NEW REMEDY
FOR BACKACfIE, KIDNEYS,
RHEUMATISM.

Dear Mr.. Editor suffered for year.
with backache. Last March | tree
"Anuric," the new kidney medicine re-
Gently discovered by Dr. Pierce, and ii
was wonderful the way it eased the pain
and gave me relief in such short time
have tried several medicines, but
"Anuric" is the only one that gave
satisfaction. | feel it my duty to
recommend "Anuric Tablets to anyone
who suffers as l did.
(Signed) Mrs MARGARET E. SNYDER,
NoTB.-Folks in town and adjoining
counties are delighted with the results
they have obtained by using "ANURIC,"
the newest discovery of DR.. Pierce, who
is head of the Invalids' Hotel and Sur
gical Institute, in Buffalo, N. Y. Those
who started the day with a backache,
stiff legs, arms and muscles, and an
aching head worn out before the day
began because they were in and out
of bed half dozen times at night are
approaching the perfect rest, comfort
and new strength they obtained from
DR.. Pierce's Anuric Tablets. To prove
that this is certain uric acid solvent
and conquers headache, kidney and
bladder diseases and rheumatism, if
you've never used the "Anuric," cut
this out and send ten cents to Doctor
Pierce for large sample package. This
will prove to you that "Anuric" is
thirty-seven times more active than
lithia in eliminating uric acid-and the
most perfect kidney and bladder cor
rector. If you are sufferer, go to your
best druggist and ask for 50-cent box
Of "Anuric." You run no risk for DR..
Pierce's good name stands behind this
wonderful new discovery as it has for
the past half century for his Golden
Medical Discovery" a general tonic
made from roots with pure glycerine
which makes the blood pure, his ga
yorite Prescription" for weak women
and pleasant Pellets" for liver ills.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
"BUFFALO BILL" FUNERAL
HELD SUNDAY AT DENVER
Body of Famous PIainsman Lay ir
State-Fund for Monument.

Denver, Col.-The funeral of Colo
mel William F. Cody, buffalo Bill)
was held here Sunday.
The only song his friends ever
heard him sing, "Tenting on the Old
Camp Ground" was one of the two
vocal numbers rendered.
The body lay in state for three
hours in the capitol building Sunday
morning, guarded by national guards,
members of the Grand Army and rep
resentatives of other organizations to
which the colonel belonged, while
the public was admitted to view the
bronze casket, weighing more than
a ton, in which all that is mortal of
the famous scout is to remain.
A superintendent of rural school
near here brought in the first con-
tribution to a monument for Colonel
Cody. 1t consisted of AZ new buff
falo nickels, one for each child in
the school.
Prominent People Present.
Two state governors, a lieutenant
governor, officials and legislators
from three states, the United States
army, fraternal organizations, of
which he was an honored member,
former cowboys, the Grand Army of
the Republic and men. women and
children-thousands of the latter
paid tribute to the illustrious son of
the prairies.
Burial is to be made some time
next spring In the meantime the
body will be in custody of Denver
Masonic organizations.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
RECOMMENDATIONS
OF GOVERNOR LISTER
PRINCIPAL PART OF ANNUAL
MESSAGE TO LEGISLATURE
BY THE EXECUTIVE.
WOULD REVISE CONSTITUTION
fFavors "Bone Dry" Prohibition Law
Reduce Delinquent Tax Rate
Non-Partizan Election Bill
Keep Expenses Down.
WOULD REVISE CONSTITUTION

Olympia-Recomme the i'm.
mediate consideration of calling a
state constitutional convention, the
abolishing of the permit system. and
establishing "bone dry" prohibition
law, and the passage of non-partl
san election bill for state, county and
city officials, Governor Lister read his
annual message to the 18th state leg
islature.
The governors message was the
longest document he has yet SUBMIT.
ed to the legislature.
The two houses met in joint ses-
sion to hear the message, which was
read by the clerk Of the senate.
The governor also recommended
that the books of the state auditor
be examined for eight years back.
Other recommendations were:
Recommends that present rate of
interest on delinquent taxes, Is per
cent, be reduced to IL per cent.
Asks law bringing about absolute
prohibition in Washington.
Asks appropriation of either $780,
900 or $4,000 to aid in enforcement
of prohibition law.
Urges appropriation for womans
building at state penitentiary.
Recommends abolishing state tax
commission and creating office of tax
commissioner.
Wants tax commissioner named as
member of state board of equalization
and board of state land commission
ers.
Urges passage of fair and just first
aid and medical attendance" bill.
Recommends that no new state
roads be established until present
system of state highways is COM
pleted.
Because of the balance of $685.
674.37 in the general fund on De-
cember 81, 1916, urges the legisla-
ture to retire outstanding normal
school and Wenatchee bridge bonds,
totaling $256,024.
Urges action to start machinery to
make possible the submission of new
state constitution to the people at
the earliest possible moment.
Recommends the passage of pres
idential preferential primary law.
Offers to submit to legislature all
information possessed by the state
capitol commission relative to the
capitol building fund.
Recommends passage of non-parti-
san election bill covering all state,
county and city officials.
Recommends that the legislature re-
duce recommendations of adjutant
general wherever possible, with a
view of maintaining small and more
efficient national guard
Recommends adjustment for an
examination Of the state auditors Of
flee, covering not less than the past
eight years.
Recommends adjustment of bureau
of inspection and supervision of pub
lie offices and creation of office Of
state accountant at salary of $4,000,
with authority to employ assistants.
Urges consideration of suggested
changes in mothers pension law.
Urges creation of office of state ar
chitect.
Calls attention to the necessity of
holding down the appropriations to
the lowest possible point consistent
with the proper care of the states
actual requirements. All appropria-
ton bills should receive the closest
scrutiny,
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
THAW's MOTHER LOYAL.
,iIl Join Her Son Harry, WouId-Be

Will Join Her Son Harry, WouId-Be
Suicide, in Hospital.
Philadelphia Mary Copley
Thaw will occupy a room at local
hospital where her son, Harry K
Thaw, is recovering from self-in.
flicted razor wounds.
No decision has been reached as
to whether the family will resist ef
forts to have Thaw removed to New
York, where he has been indicted
on charges of kidnapping and beating
Frederick Gump, Kansas City boy
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
Both Found Dead.

Burlington, Kan.-Clarence Wood
county surveyor of Colley county
and a former student at Kansas uni
versity and Baker university, was
shot and killed Sunday night, and
across his body lay that of Miss Je
sephine Holmes, maid at his house
who also died from the same weapon.
Miss Holmes told her friends "Clar-
ence Wood will never live to be mar
ried to her"
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
Same Old Excuse.

Huntington, Ind.-Blaming drink for
condition which may have clouded
his mind, Weldon II. Wells Of Kan
sas City, admits that he might have
killed Mona Simon in hotel at Co.
lumbus, Ohio. Chief of Police Baker
declares the prisoners statement prac-
tcally is confession and believes
that as Wells condition improves the
mystery surrounding the death Of the
Columbus girl will be solved.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
Snow Blizzard in Texas.

Dallas, Texas.-North and central
Texas Sunday was in the grip of a
storm which had assumed almost to
blizzard proportions. Dallas was GOV.
cred by a seventeen snowfall, an al.
most unprecedented occurrence here
while as far south as Waco fall OF
an inch is reported.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
snowstorm Covers South.

Memphis, Tenn.-Snow and sleet
Monday covered large portion OF
the South. The storm extended over
eastern Arkansas, northern Missis-
sippi, western Tennessee, western
North Carolina and Virginia.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19

The young druggist turned NOR
sci over in his mouth, tasting it skill
fully. "Smatter O. that cake dearie?"
he asked the lady who had recently
consented to share his income TASTES
kind of coal-oily, doesn't it,"
ooh, dear!" sobbed the bride, II
was afraid it wouldn't work; but but
ter and lard and everything are so
high so tried shortening with vasel-
inc. We can get that at cost"
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19

Tommy - Why don't baby talk,
papa?
Papa-He can't talk yet, my boy.
Young babies never do.
Tommy-Oh, yes they do. Job did.
My Sunday school teacher read to
me out of the Bible how Job cursed
the day he was born.-Puck.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19

Whether time will be allowed FOL
the Teutonic nations to state theiI
terms on their own initiative, or
whether President Wilson will make
some move to give an opening re.
mains undetermined. There are in
dications, however, that If no state.
ment of the Teutonic terms is forth.
United States may seek means to
indicate the desirability of such a
course.
Comment of German Press.
Berlin.-The German press, al
though expressing Indignation at what
it considers slurs on the central pow
ers in the reply of the entente to
President Wilson and although anger
ISOLATION in the belief that the note
will serve to weld together all classes
into an unconquerable and determined
whole.
Germany Through Trying.
Berlin.-Dr. Alfred Zimmerman,
German foreign minister, informed
the Associated Press that, in his opin-
ion, the entente reply to President
Wilson's peace note bars the posi-
bility for the present of further Ger
man steps to bring about peace.
In particular, he said. it precluded
any direct announcement by Germany
of her peace conditions in answer to
the terms set forth in the latest en-
tente note
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19

Garfield Tea was your Grandmoth.
er's Remedy for every stomach and in.
testinal i'll. This good old-fashioned
herb home remedy for consultation
stomach ills and other arrangements of
the system so prevalent these days is
in even greater favor as family medi-
cine than in your grandmother's day.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19

The chap who tries to remember it
all instead of setting it down may
develop his memory somewhat, but
he will lose now and then good
customer.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
POULTRY WANTED.

Our market is higher on poultry
veal and hogs. We can use any amount
Write for prices and shipping tags
We also want few cars potatoes. Com.
merciaI Creamery Company, Spokane,
Washington.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19

The Swiss government is issuing
a AZ per cent loan Of 100,0O0,000
francs, 30,OO0,OOO francs Of which will
be used in repaying the first war loan
of per cent, due on February 26.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19

Waste Paper Sells for $1014.
Decatur, Ill.-Decatur school chill
dren recently collected total of
nearly SO tons of paper in a weeks
contest, and sold it for $1014.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19

DR.. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets are the
original little liver pills put up 40 years
ago. They regulate liver and bowels.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
MARKET AT SPOKANE.

According to the annual review of
Bradstreet's, the year 1916 was the
greatest business year in the history
of the country and the new year
starts right out as though it expected
to make new high record for the
amount of business done. Certainly
there is every indication that the
United States is experiencing a pros.
perity unexampled in it's magnitude.
Industrial improvement is also no.
ticeable. Manufacturing concerns are
running more nearly at capacity.
There has been a substantial in
crease in the number of men en-
ployed, and in the volume and value
of output. The outlook is also mark
eddy improved. Larger investments
prises. Not in more than a decade
have more projects and projects Of
larger magnitude been under consid-
Grafton or construction with the
brightest prospects for year of rec
ord-breaking activities. There is an
increased demand for lumber and con-
struction material. The mills are
generally fairly we'll supplied with
orders, the greatest handicap to in
creased business in this connection
being the fact that the railroads have
been unable to make deliveries up to
the requirements.
Provisions.
Butter-The market has shown no
change during the past week as to
Dricas hrt tho panera1 condition ia
rather firm. Demand has been hold
ing up we'll and storage stocks are
pretty generally moved, while produc.
ton is fair.
Eggs - Increased receipts have
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
Resiinol
heals babies
skin troubles

Resinol Ointment and Resinol Soap have been
recommended by physicians and nurses for many
years In the treatment of nantile eczema, teething
rash, chahng, etc. They contain nothing which could
possibly injure irrtatc the tenderest skin. Sold
by all druggists. Resirol Soap far 6a9y'5 6ah fends
IN byepenl ykf,i-lyon5lsJ.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19

1t is loves failures that stand as
mile posts along the waste plains of
fruitless life.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
FRED F. MOORE, Ii. M.
Chiropractor

hundreds of well known people in Spo-
kane as we'll as famous people of the
United States have been cured after
all other methods had failed. One of
finest Offices in the United States.
Suite 40 Fernwell Bldg, Spokane, Wn.
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
Germany Through Trying.
Sore s e.: '!s:s;. t y ;:R: ;
sure to Sun, Dust and Wind
Eyes 5 y; s; e: S s; E :; "';'

Your Duggist's SOC per Bottle. Murine Eye
Salvcin Tubes Csc. For Book Of The Eye Free ask
Druggists or Murine Eye Remedy Co.. Chicago
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
PEACE IMPOSSIBLE
ALLIES TELL WILSON
DETERMINED TO ACT WITH ALL
VIGoR TO WIN CONFLICT FOR
THEIR OWN SAFETY.
THEIR OBJECTS ARE OUTLINED
Must Restore Small Nations, Grant
Indemnities-Oust the Turks
No Desire to Crush Germans
-Belgians' Reply.

Washington.-The entente allies, re-
plying recently to President Wilson's
peace note, in joint communication
express the belief that it is impos-
sible at present to attain peace that
will assure them reparation, resti-
tuition, and such guarantees as they
consider are essential
In separte note the Belgian gov
eminent expresses it's desire for peace
but declares it could only accept a
settlement which would assure it rep
aration and security in the future.
Both of the communications are da-
ted January TO-
White Bluffs spokesman. [volume] (White Bluffs, Wash.) 1907-1938, 1917-01-19
Say Germans Aggressors.
Expect Reply by Germany.

Washington.-A statement of terms
from Germany and her allies at least
as comprehensive as those set forth
by the entente in replying to Presi
dent Wilson's note Is the next move
hoped for here in the peace negotia-
tons
Valdez daily prospector., 1917-11-27
TRANSvA!!A|l Z! !! RAIDER
 DIES IN LONDON .HH' H lN Man Who Started Bloody South Afri- can War Passes Away at Age Of
 Sixty-fOur Years

LONDON, Nov. 27.-The Rt. Hon. Sir Leander Starr Jameson, first bar onet, President of British South Afri- can company and former member of parliament died here today at the age of GA years. Sir Jameson was creat- ed baronet in 1911; c. B. 1894;
 P. c. 1907. He was educated in the London University receiving degrees of M. B. and B. s. in 1875. M. R. c. S. Eng. 1875; administrator at Rho- desia, British South Africa company 189195; led raid on the Transvaal Dec. 29., 1895; in battle of Krfgers- dofp Jan +; surrendered to Boers 1896; tried in London and sentenc- ed to 10 months Imprisonment May 1896; released in December owing to ill-health: served s. Africa in 1Ss9- 1soo;. elected membef 6f Cape legis- 1ature from Kimberley 1900; Prem- fer Cape Colony lso4,s: lie had no known heirs.
Valdez daily prospector., 1917-11-27
COMMIT 1; NM! |!TTEE SAYS S'Il
 ELIMINATE GILL But Question as tc Whom Will Bell the Cat is not Settled-Bad Fac.
 tor in Politics

SEATTLE, Nov. 27.-A joint com mittee of civic organizations, self ap- pointed to act upon the vice situation today recommended the permanent of Hi Gill from Seattle politics, but no proposition was ad- vanced as to how the desirable re- suit to be accomplished, as the pres- ent mayor controls practically all the labor vote in the city of Seattle, and will be a hard man to oust from of flee. Mayor Gill has refused to re- sign his seat as mayor of the city, and reiterates his demand for the military authorities to produce their evidence that the city is honeycomb- ed with vice as stated.