davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1917-12-20
Remington Head Tells
Of Anticipating Orders

Charles II. SchiacNs, general man
aCcr Of the Remington plant a. Eddy
stone. Penn, told the Senate commit
tee that his factory was far ahead on
rife deliveries. Manufacture began.
he said. based only upon an informal
understanding with General Crozier, IN
June, and preparations had been start
ed in April as a result of msnufact-
urers' conferences and 100000 spent
before a formal order was received.
His deliveries tegan in September.
No War Department order, Mr..
Schlacks said. had tended to retard ms
plants production. Colonel Thompson's
demands for greater Standardization
he stated, caused no appreciable delay,
nor did the decision TO modify the
British Enfield rifle. Inability at time ;
TO get certain supplies, he added, mad
slowed up production occasionally, Dut
it has increased rapidly lately, al
though the maximum capacity has not
yet been reached.
The new American rifle. Mr. Schiacks
said emphatically. is infinitely superior
TO the British type.
There is no comparison IN reliabii-
ity or functioning." he said. After the
former German Ambassador was dis
missed. MT. HNN4dSha NatNf HN N~''tN -
Washington and called attention Of the
House Military Affairs Committee mem
bers to the probability of war. lie then
told them his factory was available 10
make rifles. but did not discuss the
matter with the Ordnance Bureau. He
heard nothing from that bureau, ne
said, until April.
1--WE thought rifles would be re-
ouired." the witness said, "bu' the
Ordnance Bureau knew We had an
available plant
But you thought Of il before the
War Department" suggested Senator
Chamberlain.
Before taking the War Department
contract. Mr.. Schlacks said, his firm
had finished large British order. They
had always been dissatisfied with the
British Enfield type. believing it Of
faulty design and deficient in func
tioning. The United States, he said.
bought the rife machinery IN his plant
from England at a reduction OF 90 per
cent from original cost, which was
about Sl0.000,000.
Vice-President Louis B. Stoddard of
the Marlin corporation said that be-
fore the war began he offered to sell
machine guns to the department for
$500 each. but il was turned down.
Since. under orders placed. the coz
tract cost was twice that sum.
All the witnesses agreed that the new
Browning machine gun now being man
ufactured for the army is superior 20
any other weapon OF its kind in exist
ence.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-20

We took whatever chance there was in
going ahead
On May the sample rifles Of the
respective manufacturers were sub
mitted to the commanding officer Of the
Springfield Arsenal for test, and they
tested satisfactorily-tha is, they
functioned properly with the United
States government ammunition, and
were held 20 be satisfactory with one
or .wo minor criticisms applying 10
each rife.
ON May II the contract form and
specifications had been agreed TO as
between the TarilcS concerned. ard the
work of the manufacturers commit
tee was considered as completed and
the contracts were ready for execution.
On May 1G. on the basis OF the
understanding existing at that time, Of
which there was no written record, we
issued instructions TO the shops of the
Winchester Company TO proceed to
manufacture these rifles and to build
up 20 maximum capacity as rapidly as
I,1sIble
New-York tribune., 1917-12-20
Bomb Inventor Scares
Defence Council Men
Juggles Loaded Devices II.
Secretary Clarkson's
Offices
IStoF C0rrespoadeRcFI J


WASHINGTON. Dec. 10. Grosyenor
B. Clarkson, secretary OF the Council
Of National Defence, was to-day the
victim OF a severe attack Of bomb
ague.7 In fact. most OF the executive
force of the council suffered "bomo
ague." a malady not uncommon among
recruits under fire IN the trenches for
the first time. but heretofore missing
among the galaxy OF war experiences
one may have at the capital. "unc'e
Billy" Greene, Representative from
Fall River, Mass, was the innocent
cause Of this war closeup
Representative Greene strolied into
Secretary Clarlson's Office with Arthur
Atwood. of Fall River. youth OF six
ty-nine summers. who. it was explained.
was an inventor. Mr. Atwood offered
proof OF this allegation b. producing
two airplane bombs. which he COM
menced to explain, as his handiwork.
Secretary Clarkson. as was betting
a man who but recently undertook the
marital state. inquired, "Are they
loaded"
LOADED to the brim with high exp.o-
sive." said the sixty-nine-year-o m
ventor, juggling his pets from hand to
hand. Look them over
"Not on your life replied Nr. CLARK
son. recollecting an important engage
ment in an adjoining office.
Two guards, chosen for their ability
"a dispense a superior brand Of cour-
tesy. escorted Representative Greene
and his inventor-companion out Of the
building under the artifice that the Sec
retary OF War was waiting for them on
the front steps.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-20
Orders Issued to Shops
To SIoU Dot0n Production

This matter was so uncertain az the
time that on June 18 issued in
structions to our shops TO slow down
production: tha, is. not to build it up
because ! was fearful at the time that
they were going ahead a little too fast
and We might have difficulty in getting
our rifles accepted. as we had started
without formal authority for many Of
the things that We had done. and pro-
ceeded on our own judgment, relying
upon our judgment being ultimately in
accord with the decisions that were
made.
On June 22 to % there was another
series OF conferences between the en-
gincers and representatives Of the small
arms division I'm Washington on the
subject of nterchangeabilty. On July
the manufacturers had conference
in Colonel Thompson's Office. in which
the question OF interchangeabIllty was
rather completely discussed. and we
reiterated our statements as 20 tho
probable delay resulting from II. and
Colonel Thompson outlined the neces-
sites existing for it. and | believe
stated that some reasonable delay was
permissible in order 70 accomplish this
higher degree of interchangeability.
That conference lasted about five
hours. and at the end Of it General
Crozier was called in and asked to de
eide the question whether he would
90 ahead as we were doing and produce
rifles with the degree Of interchange
ability originally agreed upon and mod
ify from time 20 time. as we were able
10 modify the gun TO meet the new
ytandard. or whether we should shut
down and wait until we had produced
gauges and fixtures and tools with
which to make the modified rife; that
is. the rife providing a higher degree
OF interchangeable T. was decided
that we would 90 ahead as We were
going. but that we would not build up
our working forces until we were able
to produce this higher degree OF inter-
New-York tribune., 1917-12-20
"We're Not Interested, "
Ordnance Bureau Said

Encouraged By his experience with
the navy. Nr Stoddsrd stopped Iu 90
see the War Department the same day,
February g. one month before war was
declared. lie saw Colonel Rice. one
of General Crozier's subordnates. He
told Colonel Rice how he mad got ready
20 make Colt guns that would shoot
American ammunition.
Who's going TO pay for all ,his?'
asked Colonel Rice.
The Marlin Rife Company" replied
SIR Stoddard.
"Wcu. we're not Interested" replied
the man i'm tho Ordnance Bureau who
was iu charge Of machine guns.
Ultimately mr. Stoddard sold many
Of his Colt guns 20 the War Depar.-
ment for use ir tho training camps.
lie has a large order for Browning
guns. which he viii begin 10 deliver IN
May. The witness said that had the
Colt gun been ordered iU February the
United States Army would now have
q number Of thousands Of them. This
cun, he said. was inferior 20 the Brown
New-York tribune., 1917-12-20
Months Slipped by
After Guns Selection

Whole unaccourtcd for months
slipped by after the selection Of the
Browning and before contracts were
let for It's manufacture. John +. OF
terson, first vicc-presidcnt and general
manager Of the Winchester Arms Com
pany. told the committee that he could
think OF nothing important that might
have been done 20 occasion delay, be-
tween The test o. .hc machine guns IN
Nav and the order 90 his company 10
September The complctcst picture Of
tho War Department iu IFS relation 90
the arms problem was afforded by the
chronology OF the Enfield rife which
was given 10 the committee by Mr. OF
terson. which rs printed ln another col
umn.
MIR. Stoddard. OF The Marlin Rife
Company. gave a picture Of the state OF
mind Of the War Department Just be-
fore the war broke out and Mr. otter
son continued the picture through The
period while 10 was trying 90 get rife
20 suit itself ~. Stoddard had been
making Colt machine guns for the Brit-
ish government. lie thought he would
take q chance AND get ready 90 make
them Tor the United States even with
out orders and encouragement lie
made dies and patterns for gun,
better gun than he had built iu large
numbers for Great Britain. and one
.hat would shoot our ammunition.
So on February @. when Admiral Earl
OF the Navy Department sent for him.,
he was ready. The admiral said: We
have no money or authority. but, n
YOU arc willing 90 take chances. 20
ahead and make us guns Nh StoC-
dard did. and sold the navy large
number 10 was characteristic Of the
business men that they got ready even
when the government did not, else We
L-..HI H. ...l...l - frafr rr4
New-York tribune., 1917-12-20
War Department
Increases Demands

The War Department. which had ns', 't
'"'5 . III a+ Grst by the DIlsh
t,,.,rces men iu the Councll o. 81
.1 Defonco. had got IT'S seVo'U
,..,t Colonel Thompson con, ga
,..,L .be rifle manufacturers ana solu
Iat The programme agreed upol
t.,t,,,o would not DO. There mus
D.. -ortv.rour parts Of the rifle maoe
-.ob.re,sabIe instead o. seven. La't4
t. 80 In fftv-ouc Manufacturer
,.ro.,stoJ that the delay occas'oheu D!
H.. changes would be from iout 10
,,,, ropths General Crozicr was caHg,4
j., and asked whether plants snoulu
90 ahead or shut down until the h'IHeI
Eccrco cf interchangeable was
fCctad. Crozicr said 20 ahead, DuI GO
-ot build UP working forces
Araip. on July is. General Oro.ieI
.ook the same position. ordering MI
Otterson by telegraph not 10 lhcI e''se
his productive force. ON SeplemDet "
',rbCp The Tribune was investigating
,bo d,lav over rifcsl Major Woodbury.
of General CroUcr's staff. called upon
MIR. Ottcrson and ordered nam 10 i.-
crease production as much as posS'u4'
without any reference 30 thc question:
cf higher iutcrchaDgeao.Hiy, WhICh
would be introduced as - couid ne
later on. Tho witness SAID tnaJ OE
reason Of taking chances and making
rifles he wa now two months ahoau
of his contract iu making DELIVERIES
Charles II. Schlaks, OF the kcm4Hs
tom. companv. who testified in the af-
tornoon. also said he was two months
ahead OF his contract, delivering so
,nanv thousand rifles in September and
fvo times IS many in October, although
ii. contract did not call for deliveries
I'm November. Nr. Schlaks, whose tcs-
,imory rls hazy, disagreed with the
other witnesses. He thought no delay
had occurred except through difficulty
iu rcttiug material
New-York tribune., 1917-12-20
Otterson's Testimony on
Enfield Rifle Changes

change to the modified rife 10 take the
United States government ammunition.
We based that recommendation on
manufacturing considerations largely
and were informed that the manufact-
urng considerations were in concur
renee with the military consideration
at the time. The military considera-
ton. ss ] understood it, was that the
government did not want two kinds of
ammunition in the field; that IL had
rife. namely, the Springfield, which
used 80 government ammunition, and
DO wished 20 have the new rife use
+bat Same ammunition
New-York tribune., 1917-12-20

Of the Kansas State Public Utilitiei
Commission. contended today before
the Newlands Joint Congressional
TRANSFORMATION Committee that the
telfshncss Of railroads in attempting
70 increase their revenues and stihc al
water competition is principally respon
sibie for the present transportation
crisis.
lie urged that the ownership OF ran
roads throughout the country be taken
over by a corporation 20 be known ss
the Bureau OF Railroad Finance. fhe
took Of which would be purchased b'
Tie public, with the government acting
as the trustee and guaranteeing a re-
turn Of from TO per cent
New-York tribune., 1917-12-20
Newlands Plans
Railroad Inquiry
Calls Meeting of Senate Com
mittee; Bristow Urges Pub
lie Ownership

WASHINGTON, Dec. ls. senator
Newland5 to-day called a meeting Of
the Senate Interstate Commerce Com
mittee FOR Friday, when plans will be
made for Investigating conditions al
sectinc interstate transportation as rec
ommended in the Cummins resolution
adopted by the Senate yesterday.
Former Senator Bri stow, a member
New-York tribune., 1917-12-20
8 Soldiers Hurt in Wreck
Trains in Collision Near Bal
timore After Midnight

BALTIMORE. Dec. 20 Eight sol
diers were injured shortly after mid
night, when two Washington. Balti-
more and Annapolis Railway trains
met in collision near Baltimore High
lands.
The injured were brought on spe-
cial trains to hospital here.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-20
$4,000 Firemcn to
Vote on Wage Demand

CHICAGO, Dec. l9.--Demands TO-
wage increases OF from 10 20 80 pei
cent were to-day submitted 70 I5f~
Locomotive hremen on railroads N nc
United States, for a vote. The o.
mands were drawn up By a committee
OF the trainmen'S brotherhoods
New-York tribune., 1917-12-20

oou,pped with machine guns had those
which could be made IN this country
b,en ordered az once. lt might have
been partly equipped with the pre-
ferred Browuings had they been or
dered At once when selected
New-York tribune., 1917-12-20

.bat same ammunition.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-06-29
The Wronq Place.

The travelling man who had struck
the slowest town in the country on
Memorial day, and had not made a
sale of anything. was writing back
home. (He had to pass the time away
somehow, and there We're no other
travelling men near the plaCe)
This is the conclusion of his eulOgy
to the town:
"ThiS is the rOttenest town / have
ever struck, and | have met some
mighty rotten ones. Today is Memorial
day. They are making big noise in
this town. They all go out to decorate
the graves of the dead in the west half
of the burgh, but in reality the ones
they should have decorated were the
homes of the living dead ones on the
east side. Those people out there in
the cemetery are the livest products
this place has ever produced. Some
town Indianapolis News.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-06-29

ings near the floor at the outside
walls.
The natural tendency of warm air
Is to rise to the ceiling and spread in
every direction and settle to the floor
at side walls. Impure stable air Is
heavier than fresh pure air, because
the weight of impurities carries II
down. theoretically, the out-take from
near the floor at the outside Of stables
is correct. Sometimes other means of
extracting impure air are employed,
because of local conditions.
The principle of ventilating is based
on the tendency of warm air to go up.
A properly constructed ventilator
works like chimney. The warm air
from the stable rushes up through the
chimney the same as the warm air
from a fire.
The size Of stable ventilators regu-
lates the amount of air to be drawn
off. The intake pipe should be large
enough to supply sufficient fresh air
for all the cows or other live stock
confined In the stable, and the ventila~
tors or out-take pipes should conform
to the same carrying capacity.
For a stable containing 40 cows,
two ventilators will be necessary, and
these ventilators should measure two
feet square inside, figuring the move
ment of air In the ventilating fiues at
300 feet per minute. Not every two
foot ventilator carries air at the rate
of 300 feet per minute. 1t depends on
the height of the flue and the man
| ner In which 1t Is constructed. Venti-
lators are like chimneys-sometimes
the draft Is strong and sometimes 1t Is
less satisfactory.
Besides the tendency Of warm air to
go up, a movement of air In ventila-
tors depends on the proportion Of the
ventilator to the amount of air to be
carried. Also the direction Of the
wind Is an influence. What Is known
as aspiration or suction induced by
the wind passing over the top of a
ventilator has good deal to do with
upward draft. Mechanical ventilator
tops are manufactured to increase as
piration.
Some of the ventilators render val
liable assistance in creating artificial
drafts or increasing natural draft
through a ventilating flue. Manufac-
turers have given especial attention to
the building of metal ventllators from
/ the stable up, so that the whole sub
ject is receiving careful attention
from different sources.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-06-29

fer large cows and they breed with
that end in view.
In building a dairy stable a dairy
man Is governed by local conditions.
The stalls given in this plan are
plenty wide and long enough for Jer-
seys or other breeds of cows weighing
up to 1000 pounds.
The alleyway In the center of this
stable Is built wide to drive through
with the manure spreader and for the
handling of bedding and other litter.
The horse department is partitioned
away from the cow stable by a good
board partition that reaches to the
ceiling. The two doors opening into
the horse end Of the barn are hung
with weights, so they always pull
shut. Most farmers like to have the
horses and cows entirely separate.
The ceiling over the horse depart
ment Is 8 feet In height. The ceiling
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-06-29

This outdoor smock is made of gray
jersey with yoke of worsted embroid-
cry. The front, back of sleeves and
pockets are laced with colored cord
finished with wooden balls.
heavy roller to give the effect of being
ironed into the cloth, gives rise to
short, tight leggings made of either
lace.
The metal tissues are not revived
for summer, and only chiffons, crepes
de chine and thin satins are used for
evening gowns; therefore one does not
get the impressive Oriental effect from
the jeweled legglngs that one would
receive if the gown itself were full Of
bullion threads, as it was last winter.
The you've Uniform Skirt.
None of these trousered skirts Is
narrow. Every one that France has
sent over and that America has adopt
ed has its trousered effect arranged in
the Slavic or Oriental manner. The
insistence upon the silhouette Of the
zouave uniform is conspicuous every
where. This uniform Is used by the
Algerian troops fighting for France,
and it is most picturesque, with the
full trousers like skirts, the colOred
sash, the short, tight jacket and the
wrapped leggings from knee to ankle.
This idea of inclosing the leg with
wrappings of any kind goes back to
the earliest history Of the race. 1t
may be prehistoric, but we know that
the earliest garments of men were
vines, to keep the material compact
| against the flesh. Therefore, when we
revive this ancient and honorable Gus
tom we are going back to the cradle Of
civilization, and 1t is only natural that
the Oriental races where civilization
began, should have retained this idea
in the dress for both man and woman.
France sends US many afternoon
| gowns as well as walking skirts
which hang full from high waistline
In either plaits or fine gathers and are
tucked In around the legs In some
fashion, to suggest trousers. The BIZ
| furcation Is often in front, not In back,
and some of the great dressmakers in
France drop plated panels of ornate
needlework In the Slavic fashion down
the front of the garment from bust to
hem of skirt, in order to hide the bifur-
cation; but 1t Is there just the same.
This Silhouette, which, keep In mind,
Is patterned after the Oriental idea Of
trousers, and not the Anglo-Saxon one,
gives rise to an artistic variety Of
skirts that for the present seem to at
tract several classes of women.
Possibly, In peace times or In an
era of ceremonial social dignity, this
idea would not advance so rapidly
among the women Of two continents,
but with millions Of women called to
take the places Of men, with ceremo-
NAL society simply gone by the board
and with efficiency, utility and the
greater degree of comfort being the
things that women worship today, the
trousered skirt Is gaining Roadway
every week.
Copyright, 1917. by the Mcclure Newspa-
per Syndicate)
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-06-29
WAYS OF SUMMER BOARDERS
They Are Usually Very Witty Persons
Who Make comicaI Remarks to
the Farmer.

Summer boarders are people who
spend several weeks in the country
each summer longing for trip home.
They are usually very witty persons
and make comical remarks to the farm
er. Aside from the board they pay
him the farmer cleans up tidy sum
each summer by sending the things his
bOarders say to the comic weeklies. A
summer boarder can merely look at u
COW and quick as wink he will say
something funny. The farmer puts
this down in book he always carries
around with him. In the course of a
couple of weeks he has several pages
of good jokes to sell at his own rates,
says the Philadelphia Star.
If you board with farmer this sum-
mer say some funny things to him
about the cows or the pigs. If he
keeps horse always poke fun at his
horse. He will laugh at the funny
things you say. Then he will go In and
open up a can of fresh country peas
out of his own cellar so that when you
go back to the city you will miss the
country vegetables. When you leave
be sure and tell him how you enjoyed
the country eating so that he can laugh
some more.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-06-29
BY WILLIAM A. RADFORD.

A general purpose barn for a farm
Of 20 or more acres is shown In ac-
cOmpanying illustration. 1t is 80 by
2Si feet in size and is built to stable
eight cows and four horses.
The barn has concrete foundation
wall and a concrete floor. The stalls
are of the approved kind used in the
best dairy stables. The stanchions are
of the turning or swinging pattern,
and the stall partitions are Of iron.
Each COW stall is feet inches wide.
This width measures out even, and it
in about right for the average COW.
The length of the floor from the
manager to the gutter is feet 6 inches.
The gutter is 16 inches wide. These
sizes are about what dairymen prefer,
although there are dairy farms where
the cows average extra large. For in
stance, some Holstein breeders pre-
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-06-29
Sewing Room Improvement.

The sewing room Improvement which
has been the most help to me is small
basket which hangs against the end Of
the sewing machine, Its top about on
a level with the table top Of the ma
chine, says writer In the Woman's
Home Companion. 1t is just as easy
to brush ends of thread and clippings
from the goods, with one motion Of
the hand into this basket, as to brush
them to the floor-resulting In a much
cleaner floor. The basket hangs over
two small hooks which were screwed
into the end of the machine and Is cas-
lily removed to be emptled.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1917-06-29

over the COW stable Is the same level,
but the COW stable floor Is built diff
ferently so that the head room over
the feed alley Is only little over 8
feet. Eight feet Of head room In a
cow stable is about right for ventila-
ton, but horsemen prefer 9-foot
ceiling In a horse stable.
Over the stable is good-sized NOW
which is used for hay and bedding,
put In with horse fork through the
large door In the end. The hay and
straw are let down through a chute
which opens into the horse stable
near the center partition to avoid
scattering dust through the COW sta
BILE.
One of the most important consider
atoms in any type Of stable Is the
ventilation.
One of the best tests for ventilation
IN stables Is whether or not there Is