The Breckenridge news. (Cloverport, Ky.) 1876-1955, 1917-10-31
American Aviators Won't Have
to Experiment. While Flying
Over Enemy.
TWO PROBLEMS TO solve
United States Bureau of Standards
Has Devised a Way to Reproduce
the Conditions Found in High
Attitudes.

| NuSnlnGtOn.-1nC bureau or stand
ards is erecting little grecnish-gray
concrete building on the edge of its
grounds where one of the final chap
tcrs of Americas preparations for
aerial warfare will be written. The
bureau declines to discuss what part
1t will play in the final design of the
new Liberty air engine" which the
government is expected to mount on
all American airplanes for use in the
European war, but 1t has become
known that before the final design of
this engine Is approved 1t must under
go few final tests in that little green
ish-gray building.
There will be determined, under con-
ditions almost identical with condi-
lions found at various attitudes, just
how an airplane engine performs
when 1t gets so high that the air gets
perceptibly thinner. 1t will be tested
In Il temperature down to freezing.
Bringing High Altitude Down.
The bureau building is a tOmblike
structure, full of delicate instruments
(which will have the effect of bringing
the skies down to the earth, insofar
as airplane conditions are concerned.
II is impractical to send an engineer
aloft to watch the engine perform up
there, so the bureau plans to bring
the skies to the engine.
Ever since the European war began,
the aviators of the warning nations
have been flying to astonishing heights
IN the clear air of France. Attitudes
of 10000 feet are quite commonplace,
and 2O0OO-foot flights no longer ex-
cite wonder. Aviators must go up
high, and they must have engines that
will take them there, so the engine
designers have been experimenting for
the last three years with an engine
that won't smother" when II gets into
thin air.
So far the allies have been unable,
for various reasons, to make absolute
~ accurate tests. An engineer can go
aloft in a plane, but he can't load In
ton or two of apparatus also and
test out sparkling efficiency, compress
sion density, horsepower delivery and
all the other things that he should do.
Being confronted with the necessity
Of making such tests, the bureau of
standards experts figured out
method.
The Two Problems.
First, they argued, they must know
Just what an airplane does at an
altitude, say of 10000 feet. An engine
that will perform perfectly at 10000
feet has tricky habit of stumbling
and missing ignition when it gets an
other 10000 feet higher, and the eX-
perts wanted to observe all its all
ments at that height.
Second, they wanted some sort of
mechanical arrangement which
would permit them to test untried
T types of engines under conditions sim
liar to conditions very high alOft, ana
to approve or condemn the perform
ance of these untried types.
SO they set to work to build con-
crete, tomb-like structure, about 10
feet long by feet wide and 6h feet
high. This concrete chamber was so
constructed that it could be made
vacuum if necessary. The walls are
II inches thick and tarred on the out
side. They needed thick walls be-
cause Mt 10000 feet altitude the air
pressure is about seven pounds to the
square inch--about half the pressure
at sea level. That meant that when
the scientists got to duplicating air
pressure at 10000 feet the walls had
to support an outside pressure of air
equal to eight pounds to the square
inch. II the walls were not built thick
they would crush in like paper.
Either Hot or Cold.
Then complete heating and re-
frigerating plant was installed so that
when the four or six big fans which
are to whirl the air over the engine at
10 miles an hour start their gale 1t
will be down to the temperature that
one finds thousands of feet up.
Into this air chamber they expect
TO put the engine type that Is to be
tested, mounted so that it can tilt for
ward, backward or sidewise, just as Il
would behave in the air.
As soon as everything is ready the
doors are locked and made alright,
and the engine Is started. When 1t
starts, the air ON the inside of the
chamber is the same density as the
outside air, but when the engine be-
gins to suck in air to make explosions
the inside atmosphere rapidly becomes
exhausted. The chamber is provided
with an intake valve which will admit
the air that is needed.
Observation Windows.
The chamber Is also provided with
glass windows, through which the ex-
perts may watch instruments which
register the air pressure and the tenn
perature of the chamber. BY data Sc
cured In actual flights the bureau ex-
perts know the exact density of the
, air at each of the various hundred
foot levels. An ordinary aneroid ba-
rometer would give this data only ap-
proximately. When the engine starts
| L. st.A In