davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18

After this the railroad world was
comparatively free of labor trouble
until 1894, when trouble started in the
shops of the Pullman company, in its
model town near Chicago. True, in the
interim, Martin Irons, then power in
the Knights of Labor, issued his famous
Strike at II" order to the employees
on the Gould roads while travelling on
a pass in Gould train; and the en-
gineers had tried conclusions with the
Burlington, then an independent sys-
TEN, only to lose. Eugene V. Debs, who
had built the American Railway Union
on the wreck of the organization that
went down in the Gould strike, had also
tried conclusions with the Great North
ern and secured favorable settlement
that seemed to mark him as the coming
dominant factor in the labor world
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18

der the system then existing the men
were paid on a mileage basis, and,
though the heavier trains involved
longer working hours, the pay check
was no larger.
Against these working conditions the
men, with but an incomplete organiza-
ton, struck, Martinsburg, a junction
point, at once becoming the storm
centre Rioting followed the first eff
forts of the company to operate trains,
and prompt appeal was made for militia
to handle the situation. The militia re-
sponded promptly enough, but do strike
duty it would not. On the contrary, the
militiamen not only refused to fire on
mobs of strikers, but actually Joined
with them in stopping trains and de-
stroying property.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18

it anonymously. New York State
saw its share of the trouble with serious
rioting in Buffalo, Syracuse, Albany
and Hornell, where it was necessary to
use the National Guard to preserve Or
der and property.
The Pennsylvania Railroad came in
for its share of trouble such as the B.
G. o. suffered when it, too, reduced
wages. Trouble on this road started in
Pittsburgh, where from the start the
public, private and official, was with the
strikers. For days rioting unequalled
even in the days Of Homestead fol-
lowed and when peace was restored
the Pennsylvania found that property
other than freight to the value of ST.
100000 had been destroyed. Other
losses in Pittsburgh alone totalled more
than S5,000,000.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18
The Terms of the Boycott i'm the
Pullman Strike

By the terms of this boycott, men,
bers of the American Railway Union
were ordered not to switch Pullman
cars, couple them to trains or operate
trains of which they were a part
through the efforts of any person not
a member of the union. It was argued
that the Pullman company, unable to
operate its rolling stock, would find
itself compelled to deal with the strik-
ers. The Pullman company, however,
found a powerful ally in the General
Managers Association. Made up Of the
chief executives of the twenty-four
roads centring in Chicago, the associa-
ton made the Pullman company fight
its fight and met the strike of the
A. R. U. men by the employment of
strike breakers.
In the rioting which followed the
Chicago police were as helpless as
babes, the sherif's men were no more
powerful and United States deputy
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18
Journeymen Bakers Organized
the First American Strike

Search of the records develops that
the railroad strike of 1877 was the first
big strike in the United States, strikes
in this country dating back to 174O,
when a group of journeymen bakers IN
New York City struck for higher wages
As a reward for their pains the lead
ers were arrested for conspiracy, just
as Eugene V. Debs, who led the big
Pullman strike of 1894 was arrested.
Unlike him, they were convicted but eS-
caped sentence. On the other hand,
Debs was lucky enough to be acquitted
on the conspiracy charge, only to serve
six months in jail for contempt OF court.
The 1877 strike, or rather series OF
strikes, TO be more exact, began IN Mar
tinsburg, w. Va, on the Baltimore q
Ohio road, then controlled by John W.
Garrett, the railroad prince of his time.
Nominally, the chief grievance OF the
men was a 10 per cent reduction in
wages. Actually, the wage reduction
was but the last straw, and the least OF
their troubles. Previously they had
been made uneasy by irregular employ
ment and almost as irregular payment.
Under the system then prevailing the
men, many Of them heads of families,
worked but three or four days a week
and were forced to spend much OF the
remaining time away from home at
their own expense. Wages were sup
posed TO be paid monthly, but, as a mat
ter Of fact, often were long overdue.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18

Sometimes it is hard to tell whether
men want to be looked on as strong, dom
inant protectors of women, or as timld'
bashful creatures who must be shielded
from any contact with the weaker sex.
Recent arguments on the opening OF
the Columbia law school to women turn
rot on the advantages to woman's edu-
cation, or the disadvantages to her
modesty. but entirely on whether or not
timid young men might be frightened
away by the terrifying phenomenon OF
girls in the classroom.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18

graduated from non-coeducational col
leges. who would be our best students.
then il is for the best that the few
women who might attend the law school
If given an opportunity should not be al
lowed to do so. There is trust I'M
posed on the Columbia authorities TO
keep the law school up to the highest
possible standpoint"
Or, to amplify this statement little;
The admission of women might tend
TO keep away certain men. This would
not be the fault of the women, but due
TO timidity or prejudice on the part OF
the men.
Still, the faculty sympathizes with
those young men. 1t could not bear to
see them shut out from educational OPP
portunities even by their own preiu-
dices.
Whereas, rightly or wrongly, the
faculty bears up pretty well under eX-
Guiding young women from educational
opportunities. 1t bears up particularly
we'll owing to its conviction that by en-
Guiding women of unusual intellectual
attachments, and catering to the more
bigoted types of young men, 1t IS keep
ing the law school up to the highest pos
sible standards.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18
Starting i'm West Virginia, the
1877 Strike Spread Rapidly

From Martinsburg the strike spread
until Pittsburgh, then as now the big
mill centre, was involved. There rioting
became so general that the militia was
called out, and again, as in Martins
burg. the soldiers fraternized with the
strikers when ordered to fire on them.
The police were absolutely helpless, the
sheriff could do nothing and the fire
department could not save property to
which the torch was applied. Quickly
the situation became such that Federal
aid was asked, and it was not until the
Eastern garrisons Of the army was
stripped of men for duty in the strike
regions that something approximating
order was restored.
Meantime the strike fever had spread
to Cincinnati, Toledo, ST. Louis and
other Western points, forcing the clos
ing of shops, factories and rolling mills
this latter phase inspiring John Hay
to write "Breadwinners" and publish
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18
l. II c S

Lines
ON HEARING THAT THE ENGLISH sUFFRAGIsT,
MRS. HARLEY, HAD BEEN KILLED BY SHE'LL
WHILE ON DUTY WITH HER AMBULANCE CORPS
IN MONASTIR.
OF all those statesmen who to you declared
In the old days before the war began
That inasmuch as woman never shared
In war, she must leave government to man;
Many, perhaps, are still alive to-day
In England unchanged and full OF
cheer,
Blocking the cause you loved the same old
way,
While Won lie dead of wounds in Monastir.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18

A representative of the faculty Is
quoted as saying: IF the admission OF
women would tend to prevent, r1ghtty
or wrongly (the italics are ours), the
enrolment at Columbia of new men
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18
ARE WOMEN PEOPLE?
By Alice Duer Miller

An Arkansas legislator, in opposing
the suffrage bill in his state, made use
of the following simile: IF you pour
into a pint of whiskey drop of pure
water, will it purify the whiskey, or
whiskeyize the water?"
What would students of DR.. Freud's
psychology say to this association Of
ideas?
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18

But do not" pleaded the prisoner.
deprive me of the privilege of voting.
THE vote" said the judge, rising and
bowling, "is not a privilege but burden,
which you are too tender, too refined,
and. may | say, too beautiful, to sup
port. The mire of politics is too dirty
for your little feet, and the pedestal on
which Man and Nature have placed
you
A court attendant touched his arm,
and whispered: You're making little
mistake, your honor; that is your anti
suffrage speech for this evening. At
present you are sentencing this crimi-
nal"
True" said the judge, coming back
TO reality; and turning to the prisoner
he said sternly: Understand that this
sentence will carry with it the most
humiliating punishment in my power TO
award,-the loss of your great privilege
as a citizen to cast your vote
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18

There, little man, don't cry
They're terrible girls, it's true,
And in church and school
And on Office stool
They're doing as well as you;
But this law school never will let them
try,
There, little man, don't cry
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18
The Grievances of 1877 Seem Real
Enough Now

Another grievance was increasing
work and hours without correspond
ing increase in wages through increas-
ing the tonnage Of freight trains. I'm
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18

For more candid statement of their
position, we recommend the faculty to
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18
"Beffer Take a Side Street or
YOu'W Have Trouble"

The first of the troops to arrive in
Chicago found the city in an ugly mood.
so ugly that a pacifist official of that
time advised the officer in charge not
to traverse the most direct road to the
Federal Building.
Better take side street" he said,
''or you will have trouble"
THAT is what we are here for" he
replied. I'VE are going through that
crowd Fix bayonets. Forward
march,
Men familiar with the situation said
that the strike was settled then and
there, the attitude Of the officer and the
business-like appearance of the soldiers
cowing a crowd that, had the advice of
the pacifst been followed, would have
fought even the troops. Other troops
followed into the city until more than
$4,000 men of all branches of the SER
vice were on duty under direction of
General Nelson A. Miles, designated
for the service by the War Department
after consultation with the President.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18
Bv JOHN ]. LEARY. JR.

TOT very long ago the president
- of a road notorious for wrecks
made numerous changes in
the operating rules. Soon after he was
waited upon by brotherhood officials,
who notified him that the men had de-
cided to strike because of hardshipS
worked by the changes.
I'VE would like an early answer
said the spokesman.
you can have it now" replied the
executive. Strike and be hanged to
YOU. The public will oppose any group
of men striking for the privilege of
killing the public. Before you make
that strike order effective recall that
there never was a railroad strike won
in which the strikers had public opin-
ion opposed to them"
The story was repeated by student
of labor matters last week when, with
the threat of nationwide strike, the
question was asked as to the probable
successes of such a strike.
The Great Railroad Strikes of 1877
and 1894
3 Public opinion will not support a
strike that threatens to embarrass
country on the edge of war;" said this
observer, land, if that is not enough,
strike that threatens to starve the citi-
zens and at the same time deprive the
farmers of the West of a chance to mar
ket their supplies.
For that matter, there have been
two really great railroad strikes in this
country - one in 1877, the other the
Debs strike of 1894. Both were lost,
though in one public opinion was very
much with the strikers, and to a great
extent the public sympathized with the
men in the other. Look up the records
and Judge for yourself.
"You will find that in the one the
men had substantial grievances and that
in the other the roads had nothing to
arbitrate.' You will also find that in
one all classes of workmen fought to-
gether, and that in the other the fight
was made by the less skilled men for
the benefit of few hundred men IN
the Pullman shops, in which fight the
high priced engineers who now threaten
to fight stood with the railroad man
ayers. Now the unorganized and poorer
paid railroad men are with the man
ayers and against the engineers. Even
in railroad strikes styles have changed.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18
s1 1siaSiiS.t1zssyyzztW

study the statement of the Harvard
medical students who in 1850 peti-
toned against the admission of women
on the ground that whenever woman
should prove herself capable of an intel
lectual achievement, this latter would
cease to constitute an honor for the men
who had previously priced it"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18
General Miles and Martial Law
at Chicago

The old Indian fighter took complete
charge Of the situation Troops were
placed in the railroad yards and on
trains about public buildings and rail
road property with orders to see that
mails and interstate trains met with no
interference. SO far as the railroad
yards were concerned, the cold rules of
martial law prevailed.
To meet this situation, the A. R. u.
offered to allow all mail trains to pro-
coed unmoested in fact to supply
crews for the purpose of moving them.
They drew the line at allowing any
train to move that had a Pullman in
its make up, charging that the railroads
were using mail cars as cloak for OBJ
jectionable traffic. Soldiers saw to it
that trains so constituted were run and
by way of precaution, travelled on them
beyond the danger points.
While this was going on, the position
of the Pullman company and the rail-
roads which had become involved was
that there was nothing to arbitrate, po-
sition that was responsible for much of
the support given the strikers. On his
part, Debs paid no attention to Federal
injunctions, in consequence of this, he
and several of his associates were jailed
after they had been indicted for con-
spiracy. The conspiracy charge failed,
but Debs served six months for con-
tempt.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-18

q TOT very long ago the president
- of road notorious for wrecks
made numerous changes in
The Springdale news., 1917-03-02
Cabbage As A Truck Crop.

A price of from S100.00 to $l10.00 per ton Is rather unusual price for cabbage, yet that is what they are bringing on the large markets at tke present time. From different sec tions of the state there comes inquiries from parties who are going into the cabbage business on a commercial scale, hoping to be able to get some of these prices for the product Person ally, believe that this year in par ticular is especially favorable time to grow almost any of the truck crops. l am in serious doubt, however, If these high prices will continue until our crop Is ready for the market. There are large aereages south of us in Texas, Louisiana, and Flordia and as supply and demand control prices l am sure this price is going to decline considerably The price. however, is likely to be better than usual.
The Springdale news., 1917-03-02
Save The Loss From Unused Time


 The farmers of Arkansas spend an average of l25 days year on crops and their horses and mules spend about 70 days each on the same. It would be easy, by planning the crops differently, for both men and mules to work 50 days more each year on crops alone, says A. D. McNair, Specialist in Farm Management. The loss from this unused time is fully S30,000,000 year. So long as cotton and corn togeother occupy as large a part of the crop as they now do, there will inevitably be this loss of time be- cause those crops do not fill up the whole working period. This loss from unused time is, therefore, one of those indirect and unseen losses which re- suits from lack of proper diversified tion. The mules do little work after the first of August. Various hay and small grain crops should be made ts fill up the gaps of the work schedule which cotton and corn do not occupy. There are 200 days m year avail able for work in the fields and many .nore which are available for hauling, marketing, mprcl ements. repair; and outside work and it should be the aim of every farmer to utilize this time reasonably well. It is only by doing so that efficiency can be had. Ir the northern states the long winters pre- vent field work entirely at that season, though farmers resort to dairying and the care of livestock to utilize their time. In the South there are many days in winter which are warm enough and dry enough for blowing to be done and thus land can be prepared we'll and in time. Nearly half the battle in farming is to do things in time without doing them too soon.
The Springdale news., 1917-03-02
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION
Department of the Interior

U. S. Land Office at Harrison, Ark, Jan. 24, 1917.
 Notice is hereby given that Harvey R. Graham, of Spring Valley, Ark, who on May 20th. 1913, made home stead entry, No. 01l127, for NWA NE Il and S12NEi4, Section 30, Town ship Is North, Range 2S West, 5th Prin Meridian, has filed notice of in- tention to make three year Proof, to establish claim to the land above de- sscribed, before the Clerk of the Coun- ty Court of Washington County, at Fayetteville, Ark. on the 9th day of March, 1917.
 Claimant names as witnesses.
 Willanm Reynolds, William (. Can non, Charles Ingram and Samuel Bak- CT. all of Spring Valley. Ark
 Briee 5. Hudgins, Register.
The Springdale news., 1917-03-02
Better Earning bints
Swat The Flies Before They Hatch.

Flies are not only a nuisance but they are a danger to health since 1t has been proven that they carry filth and germs on their feet and scatter diseases among our people every where Why not swat the fly before it matches? This is easily done be- cause flies breed in vegetables and animal waste and if We treat the man. ure piles on the place or spread them over the fields for fertilizer before the eggs hatch We will destroy the flies at the same time This is also true of all garbage and decaying vegetable matter. Fly campaigns are good things but they do very little to ex- terminate the fly. If we are able to reduce his number We must do so while he is in the egg stage. Destroy the breeding places now and you will not be troubled with flies later on in the season
The Springdale news., 1917-03-02
Stock Growers Swat The Scrubs.

On Thursday morning at the Stock Growers Meeting in Little Rock the Association passed resolution not to permit any unregistered cattle to be sold at the Livestock Growers Sale this year or at any of the future sales or any sale held in connection with meetings of the Assoqiaton This has sounded the death knell of the scrub in Arkansas. This is the result of the fact Arkansas farmers have come to realize that only good live stock will yield large yrofits Every farmer cannot have pure bred cattle but he should have a good sire to grade up the cattle which he does have. The old saying that "a sire is half the herd' has long been proven. Now is the time to swat the scrub sire. Permit only pure bred males on your farm. Cattle and hogs with good blood strains will give you more in re turn for your time and labor than scrub. Keep abreast of the times, form pure bred sire club with your neighbors.
The Springdale news., 1917-03-02
STuL. ESES DOAN,S-
Garden Hints for February.

The following garden hints for Feb ruary are to be found in the four-page circular on The Home Garden, wrlt= ten by J. S. Knox, Horticulturist with the University of Arkansas. This circular contains complete garden calender for the year and may be secured upon application to the Ex- tension Division. Old State House, Little Rock:
 Prepare the hot beds and sew in them early cabbage. lettuce, radlshes and onions In the southern part of the state such crops as spinach, kale, early peas, lettuce, carrots and par sley may be planted in the open. Early potatoes may also be planted this month. If the years seed supply has not been ordered. get them at once: Such roots as asparagus, rhubarb, and hrse radish may be planted at this time where the gardener uses the roots for planting Set out cabbage and strawberries.
The Springdale news., 1917-03-02
FAMILY AVOIDS
 SERIOUS SICKNESS
By Being Constantly Supplied With
 Thedford's Black -Draught.

McDuff, Va.-"I suffered for several years" says Mrs. ]. B. Whitaker oi lhis place, with sick headache, and stomach trouble.
 Ten years ago friend told me to try lhedford's lack-Draught, which did, and found it to be the best family medi- cine for young and old.
 keep ack-Draught on hand all the llme now, and when my children feel little bad, they ask me for dose, and 1t does them more good than any medicine they ever tried.
 We never have a long spell of sick. ness Tn our family, since we commenced using BlackDraught."
 Thedfords Black -Draught is purely vegetable, and has been found 10 regu- ate weak stomachs, aid digestion, re- leve indigestion, collie, wind, nausea, headache, sick stomach, and similar symptoms.
 :. It has been ill constant use for more man 70 years, and has benefited more man million people.
 n, Your druggist sells and recommends black-Draught. Price only 2oe. Get Package to-day. NC. l2a
The Springdale news., 1917-03-02

There IS growing disposition on the part of the more progressive mem bers of the Legislature to provide a general fish and game law for the whole state, and to stop tinkering with the law by local legislation applying to individual counties. A few counties have secured the enactment of special laws but this is always done over a stiff opposition, and in some in- stances this has been strong enough to lay the bills on the table of postpone them indefinitely. It is argued that no country has any more right to be exempted from the operations of a geueral game law, than 1t has to be exempted from any other statue for the good of the state at large The State Fish and Game Comission is demonstrating what can be done for the preservation and protection of the fish and game, to keep 1t from exter- imitation, and there is a growing sen timent that it should be encougaged and upheld in it's work.
 Gov Brough is in thorough sym pathy with efforts that are being made for the conservation of game. On this subject he said:
 
 prehensive law to protect the game her greatest resources. The Leg islature of 1915 created Game and Fish Commission, which, though bad ly handicapped by insufficient general laws, too many special acts, and lack of revenue to effectively police the state, has done good work toward the conservation of birds and fur bear ing animals killed and taken annually in this state have not been available to the Commission as have those with reference to fish shipped out of the state, and it's investigation shows that from one part of the state alone more than one million dollars worth of fish leave each year for foreign markets. If the figures were known, the amount of game taken annually would be equally astounding. At this rate of consumption it is manifest that the supply must soon be exhausted, and that steps should be taken at once to conserve an asset of such tremendous value The Commission, after two years experience and careful study of the situation and the problem involved has prepared bill to be introduced in the present legislature, and this bill should receive favorable consid- eraticn at the hands of the legisla-