Denver labor bulletin., 1917-08-04

and has that nice, clear appearance,
which is so much desired by the trade
at present. Some very beautiful pa
pers are made from this formula. They
are used more than any other kind be-
cause of their satisfactory results in
printing and typewriter work. They,
of course, do not have the lasting quail
| tiles that are produced only by the
use of high-grade linen rags. Sui
phite fibre was discovered by Mr.. B. c.
Fighlman of Philadelphia, about 1865.
He lost a great deal of money trying
to perfect the process. His discovery
was taken up in Scandinavia and Ger
many, where it developed into large
business. 1t was later taken up in
the United States and has developed
into an enormous business, thousands
of tons of this grade of stock being
used every year.
There is still another method of
treating the wood after it is cut up,
it is called soda fibre. This was dis
covered by Burgers and Watt, two
Englishmen. Mr.. Burgers brought the
process to this country in 1854. He
established a plant at Gray's Ferry,
near Philadelphia. 1t might be men
toned here that the principal differ
ence between ground wood and the
sulphite and soda fibres is the chem
icals used in the sulphite and soda
fbres destroy almost all the impuri-
ties that are in the natural wood and
leave only the cellulose or fibrous mat
ter. There is a great deal of rosin
and other matter in wood which is a
detriment to the finished paper. A
number of kinds of wood are used for
making paper. 1t requires fibrous
wood like spruce and hemlock, but
other kinds are sometimes used such
as soft maple. The first wood paper
made in Ohio was made at Franklin,
about 1878, at the old Franklin mill
1t was introduced by John P. Keogh.
The first paper machine was in
vented by Frenchman named Rob-
erts, whose crude invention, so far as
its vital principles are concerned, is
today embodied in the Fourdrinier ma
chine as we have it in our paper mills
today. 1t has, of course, been greatly
improved. What is most desired is the
speed Just as we might compare the
speed Of the modern press with Frank
Inns invention. Roberts invention
was developed in England and takes
its name from Fourdrinier' who were
English stationery and paper dealers.
They ruined themselves financially by
pushing the manufacture of the ma
chine. The Fourdrinier is the prin-
cipal machine used at present for fine
paper.
The manufacture of paper has made
great improvements in the past ten
years. Until a few years ago a paper
machine was a rather crude sort of a
machine and was run good deal on
the rule of thumb basis, but today
they are made up to date with all the
electric appliances, etc. Besides this
all of the large mills have their OWL
chemists and know just what they are
doing. Mills are operated day and
nights, Sundays excepted. One Won
ders where all the thousands of ton:
, of paper go.
Having met a great many printers
who have never been inside a paper
mill and not understanding how paper
is made short explanation concern
ing its manufacture may not come
amiss. We will take for instance a
concrete case. A plain dress shirt
after it has outworn its usefulness TO
the wearer may in the course of a
year or two come back in the form of
a bond paper with the crackle in it.
After the white or colored linen shirt
has been discarded it falls into the
hands of the rag man who sells it to
the paper mill for from two to five