davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22
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have been tested' with view to the introduction of the best. In size and character of fruit the mango is vari- able. in size ranging from that of a plum to several pounds in weight; in form, round to long and slender, and
 in color, yellow or greenish yellow.
 The delicious flavor of well-grown
 mango is difficult of description, but the extensive traveller, Lady Brassey, likened it to combination of apricot
 and pineapple. The Avocado From The Tropics. The avocado is another tropical in- troduction which may be cultivated with advantage in the Southern parts of the United States and is being prop agated to this end by the scientists in the division of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction of the Departm ent of Agriculture. The latter is desirous that the familiar and misleading name
 of ''alligator pear'' may be dropped, as 1t initiates against it's popular use. The avocado is indigenous to Mexico and Central and South America and the experiments of the Department of | Agriculture have proven that it may | be grown in large section of the
 South and West.
 The avocado is a green, pear-shaped
 fruit of roughish skin, the best spec
 imens for table use weighing about a pound. It contains a single conical
 seed, and consists of a mass of vel
 Jewish pulp. which is rich and nutty
 and fine of flavor so that its use, is
 most general as salad eaten raw
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22
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and gives many palatabhe and nutrt- tious uses for the bean. It may be used, he explains, exactly as is the more expensive navy bean; and. bs ked Boston fashion, with pork CT without It is being put up by a number cf canning houses in this manner.
 The beans may. be soaked. boiled and the water in which they were boiled will form a rich jelly. which makes an admirable substitute for the meat stock of a good soup with the addition of vegetables. Picked green the soy bean may be used as a fresh vegetable like the green pea or the baby lima, and it is being canned in this form.
 Makes Good Cheese And Coffee. The soy bean makes a vegetable cheese, which is much used in China and Japan, and while it is mainly used fresh, there they are also cured and dried. MT. Morse has experi- mented to good purpose in this con- nection and with the aid of the rice straw bacteria from China he finds that he is able to make a cured soy bean cheese which is almost as good as the celebrated Camembert. f Should any crisis in this country necessitate the stringent conservation |
 of food supplies, the soy bean, parched and ground makes as good 8 substi- tute for. coffee as any of the vegetable substitutes. MT. Morse also pointed out the fact that soy bean flour being without starch is of great value for diabetics and is put up especially for | their use.
 Soy bean flour has already been | tried out in the extensive experiments which are being conducted in the Bureau of Plant Chemistry. Depart ment of Agriculture, in connection with other substitutes for wheat in the making of bread. In the case of nec- essity for food conservation. the scientist chiefly concerned with wheat, Dr. J. A. LeClerc, states that saving of over hundred million bushels of . wheat a year could be effected by making bread with d 25 per cent sub stitute used in connection with 75 per cent. of wheat flour.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22

for independence. Secret societies were organized and general upris- ing was planned for a certain day. The headquarters were at Matanzas, where a number of implements of war we're stored. The Spanish learned of their plans and before the revolution ists had time to scatter the leaders were arrested. Some were imprisoned while others were sentenced to death. Many fled the country or were exiled among the latter being the Cuban poet Jose Maria Heredta, who had stirred the malcontents by his pa triotic poems. This was in 1923, and although the leaders at that time had been silenced. revolution in Cuba has always been hydra-headed monster. and new heads soon sprung up and incipient rioting gave the Spanish off, cials no little trouble. Finally, in 1925. Spain gave the Spanish Governor of Cuba absolute power over the Is- land and told him <to deal with re- bellious subjects as he Saw At. This act greatly incensed the people and manifestations (public meetings) were held in various places to protest. In 1926 the residents of Puerto Prin- cipe rose against the Spanish garrison of that section and. as usual. met de- feat. death and exile.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22

and its large vegetable oil contents gives it a place as a substitute for meat.
 Chinese Cabbage.
 One of the most popular and most valuable of the recent plant introduc- tions of the Department of Agricul- ture is that of the Chinese cabbage. which may be grown in every section of the United States. It is now to be found in almost every city market where its thick succulent stems,' and usually conical shape have given it the somewhat misleading name of "celery cabbage"
 The Chinese cabbage Is superior to the everyday American green in many respects, being more delicate in flavor, both when cooked and as 8 salad vegetable, and it is easily di- gested and healthful.. It was from MT. D. N. Shoemaker, of the division of Horticulture, that the writer gained some information regarding the Chinese cabbage.
 "It has many advantages over the domestic product" said MT. Shoe. maker. "It can be cooked in a -mucf shorter time, is finer food and is or the whole more palatab1e. There are two kinds of the Chinese cabbage, the non-heading kind, which the Chinese
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22
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world and the nations began to look with disdain on Spanish rule in Cuba. Finally Spain agreed to make some changes in the laws and granted amnesty to all under sentence for po- litical offenses. but she failed to keep her promise. The Cubans waited and hoped but the prp--.ised reforms never came. Then uprisings began again and finally ended in the general revolt of 1895. when the Cubans made their first real movement for independence.
 "Butcher' weyler.
 At that time Butcher" Weyler was the governor general of the island and his policy was of the most brutal type. He herded the people of villages to- gether in prison camps allowing none to pass. Most of them were non- combatants, women and children. No arrangement was made for their food and maintenance and they died like flies from disease and starvation. The wrath and indignation of the United States in reference to this brutality was heard in the Court at Madrid and the Butcher" was recalled and Gen eraI Blanco was sent in his place. This official tried conciliation but failed.
 Then came the destruction of the Maine-an occurrence which brought on the Spanish-American war, the American occupation and the Evacua- tion of the Spanish forces into whose places the soldiers of the Cuban army were permitted to march in triumph.
 From 1898 until 1902 the govern ment of Cuba was under the manage ment of the United States-under a military government with an Ameri- can general in charge.
 ' Free Cuba.
 On May 20, 1902, the American Mill itary government withdrew leaving a Cuban President in the palace. Senor I'D. Thomas Estrada Palma The American flag went down from Moro
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22

taining it's form when cooked. as you see by these jars, and 1t has but one large seed. As you can see, too, it is a more delicate-looking vegetable than the squash and its taste bears out it's look," he said producing the pretty, yellow, corrugated, pear shaped vegetable. "It, has fruited in our experimental grounds in Wash ington, but it bears profusely only from South Carolina southward. It has been sent all over, the South, as we are trying to introduce it on a commercial basis believing that it will prove an important addition to the American food supply. While there are many ways of serving chayotes, they are usually preferred creamed, used raw in salads. or baked with other vegetables or meats.
 A Delicious Salad.
 "The half-grown chayote has proved superior to the cucumber for the same sort of use, being finer, mild CT, more crisp in texture and more digestible. consider 1t delicious with a mayonnaise or French dressing"
 MT. Henderson is also experiment. ing with the mango with a view to its more general introduction as an ad- dition to the list of American fruits. To millions living in the tropics the mango is of greater importance than is the apple to those of temperate North America. g The experiments in mango growing in the United States have been made chiefly in Southern Florida, where varieties from all parts of the world
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22
Again in 1887 there was serious

Again in 1887 there was serious trouble, when the slaves threatened to rise and massacre the whites. The Spanish Secret Service, who were al- ways on the watch discovered this horrible plot and foiled it just in time to prevent an orgie of blood similar to the one in Haiti a few years before.
 Lopez Uprising.
 General Narcisco Lopez in 1847 decided to start trouble at Cienfuegos, but the Spaniards learned of 1t and Lopez escaped to the United States. and a few daring Americans. They decided to invade the Islands and an expedition was planned. It, however, became known to President Taylor who warned all citizens of the penal ties of invading the shores of a friend ly' nation. The party was captured just as they were leaving New York. Not daunted by their failure the exiles and a few soldiers of fortune of other lands gathered a month afterward on an island off the Yucatan coast and sailed for Cuba. They arrived off Cardenas on May 19, 1850. The resi- i dents refused to join the invaders and the Spanish made short work of the members of the expedition. Lopez again escaped and succeeded in reach ing Key West. He was later arrest ed at Cavannah and liberated. A year fafterward he sailed from New Orleans with a party of followers to invade Cuba. They landed at Bahia Honda about fifty miles from Havana The Cubans again refused to join him and Lopez and his followers were cap tured. This time there was no escape and he died by the garrote in the fortress of La Punta. which is now one of the show places of Havana. E Again in 1851 and in 1852 there were uprisings at Puerto Principe and at Penar del Rio. Then for a time
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22

prefer, and call by the name of 'pak- choi,' and the heading kind, which we prefer, named 'pai-tsai,' which means. white vegetable.'
 Use Delicate Leaves Like Lettuce.
 ''This is, I believe, the, most valu- able vegetable importation we have made from China, agreeing more per- fectly with the culinary and dietetic customs of America than anything that country has to offer. Its culture IS like that of the ordinary cabbage, the seed planted in boxes or plots, and then the plants set in the garden. They may be set out in late summer and will reach maturity before frost giving fresh, green succulent vege- table in the late fall. The Chinese cabbage is better for cold slaw or salad than the ordinary cabbage, and the delicate white leaves may be used | like lettuce. The Germans have found that it makes very good kraut.' ? The Soy Bean.
 1 One of the most valuable of the re. cent introductions of the Department I of Agriculture to the American din. ner table is the soy bean of China. an6 Japan. This hard, round, yellow bean now to be found in every city market forms the protein yielding food staple 1 of the Chinese and Japanese, and vii l become more and more valuable il the United States as its nutritive qual ities are more widely known. It prove. a satisfactory substitute for the nov expensive navy bean, as we'll as fol meat itself. Being rich in fat ant high in protein contents it forms tn, most valuable legume substitute fo meat which the American housewif. has at her command. 1t
 MT. w. J. Morse, of the division O Forage-Crop Investigations of the De partment of Agriculture, is in charg of the study and investigation of tn soy bean and it's introduction as valuable new food product. MI Morse is enthusiastic over the result he has obtained in his experimen
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22

revolution smouldered and in 1865 the educated and wealthy Cubans formed a national party. They asked
 certain concessions from the Spanish Government which were by no means
 unreasonable. These concessions were indignantly refused. Taxes were
 doubled. This was followed by what is known as the ten years war, during
 which hundreds of people lost their lives and thousands of dollars worth of property was destroyed.
 Cuban Boys Martyrs.
 | In 1871 number of young Cubans
 who were members of a medical class at the University were accused of des- ecrating the grave of a Spanish jour
 nalist who had been killed in a poIit- ical quarrel with Cuban. The class was arrested and in the meantime e the son of the dead man came from Spain and had the niche containing
 his fathers body opened and no desc cration was found At that time the Spanish volunteers who were quar- tered in Havana took up the matter and demanded the death of the stu dents, and to appease the mob eight boys were sentenced to death. The youngest of these martyrs was sixteen years of age, while the eldest was twenty. They were stood up against
 the wall of the old city prison and shot o1 November 27, 1871, after
 which the bodies were carted away
 and buried in unconsecrated ground i criss-cross in one ditch as traitors.
 Later the bodies were removed to the
 Colon Cemetery, where handsome
 monument was set up to their mem
 ory. Later by way of pardons the
 Spanish Government did all that it
 could in reparation for the fearful 1 damage the mob had inflicted in a
 moment when its madness worked
 upon the mind of a weak official. The
 act was irreparable in the eyes of the
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22

Castle and the single star of the Cuban banner rose in place of its numerous constellations and after four centuries of protest and struggle Cuba joined the sisterhood of Independent nations With independence the Cuban was like child with new toy, and for time all went we'll But they had little training in the arts of government and vigorous fight for "fat-jobs'' soon began. President Palma while per haps an honest man was not strong and he soon found himself whirling about in the vortex of politics. As the presidential election approached interruptions politicians gathered about him determined that he should win in order that they might carry out their nefarious schemes. The bal lot box was stuffed and the election returns padded so openly that it would put to shame the old methods of Tammany Hall.
 Second Intervention.
 Then like the proverbial MT. Fin negan Cuba went "off'' again and a revolution began. "Pino" Guerra first raised the standard of revolt in Pinar del Rio when he rode through the streets carrying Cuban flag draped in crepe. Men were idle and "Pino" was popular so they focked to his standard and were promised jobs if the revolution succeeded. Cane fields were burned and much property destroyed. When the United States took charge of Cuban affairs after the Spanish-American war the
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22
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Platt Amendment made a guardian~ ship by the United States over Cuba as part of the reconstruction. Con- sequently when the dashing "Pino and his forces began to be menace the United States found it necessary to go down and settle matters once more. MT. Taft, who was the Secre- tary of War, was sent to the island to talk things over and with. him came a number of 7entlemen who con- stituted a Peace Commission MT. Palma told his story, and the rebels told theirs. There were long confer ences %nl reports to Washington and the United States finally decided that a second intervention was necessary and American troops were once more landed on the islands.
 Judge Charles E. Magoon who had made an enviabIe reputation as gov ernor of the Canal Zone was appoint ed provisional governor of the island Army officers and men from civil life sent down by the United States be- gan systematic strengthening out of the laws. Public works were built. revolution claims paid, roads built and order was again restored.
 Then the election came on once more and General Jose Miguel Gomez became president with Dr. Alfredo Zayas as vice-president. pr. Zayas was a candidate for president but was finally persuaded to compromise on the vice-presidency with the promise that he should be the uext chief exec !utive.
 Gomez was elected and inaugurated on Janrary 2S. 1908. and that evening the Americans again folded their tents and left Cuba to rule Lerself.
 Gomez believed in spending money and jobs under him were fiat" in every sense of the word. One of the very first acts of the Cuban Congress was to raise the salary of its own members. Graft was open and when the next election day rolled around General Mario Menocal became Cuba's president.
 Zayas And Menocal Difficulties
 General Menocal is graduate Of Cornell University and a well balanced business man. He has large sugar in terests and takes the freedom and commercial success of Cuba very much to heart. He was reelected last year defeating pr. Zayas. The friends of the latter claim that he --es counted out and they decided .n -rvaaute once more. General Gomez. the former president, assisting in the uprising.
 A troublesome child is this Pearl of the Antilles.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22
ABrief History ofthe Va rious Uprisings In the. Pearl of the Antilles U. s. Guardianship Over
 the IslandNoE Easy Task.
Copyright. 1917. by The International
 Syndicate


 ~ROM the time of the settlement
 of the Island of Cuba in 1512
 that land has been one of unrest
 and revolutions. and uprisings have been frequent. While many have been merely q series of riots others have been serious and a great detri- ment to the commercial growth of the country.
 Early Revolutions.
 Spain gave little publicity to these revoits and until the latter part of the nineteenth century seems to have sup pressed them with firm hand. As early. as TIT there was riot and bloodshed, when General Roja en- forced a decree establishing govern ment monopoly in tobacco. Again in 17s1 to 1900 the establishing of Haiti as an Independent Country caused the negroes of Cuba to rise and demand the same rights for Cuba. This revo- lution was put down and it's leaders were shot From 1920 until 1890 there were continual disorders in Cuba and thes Spanish garrison had to be constantly employed in quieting the different vfllages.s Some of the Cubans declared they were tired of Spanish rule and desired to be transferred to some other country. while others stood
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22
The Dasheen Is Popular The Mango Chayote h. stead of Squash Chinese Cabbage Superior To
 Well llKnownV Variety Substitute for Wheat
International Syndicate.

 .tato. In taste it is slightly sweeter than the Irish potato, but less sweet than the sweet potato, and it has a nutty quality which most people like, In the South. where the dasheen is largely grown, it is generally preferred to the potato, and is boiled, baked and made into salad in almost exactly the same manner as the tuber of everyday use.
 The Department of Agriculture be- lieves that this crop is destined to be of great importance to the southern section of this country, since it can be grown as a summer crop in a region where the potato must be grown a1- most entirely as a spring crop; for it ripens its: tubers in October and fur nishes them for the table at a season when northern-grown potatoes have to be shipped in, at prices relatively high except in seaports. It has also been demonstrated by the Departm ent of Agriculture that the young leaves of the dasheen may be substituted for spinach if properly cooked. at a time when the weather is too hot to grow spinach.
 Chayote Superior To Summer Squash. | American table which emanates from this division of the Department, of Agriculture is the chayote, which be- longs to the squash family. but pos sesses some qualities which render it superior to the homegrown summer | squash, to which it is related. Like the latter, 1t is 8 vegetable produced on climbing vines with perennial roots. The vines somewhat, resemble those of the cucumber but are more prolific and vigorous in growth.
 Although the chayote is native of Mexico and Central America, it's cul- tivation has now spread over the West Indies and as far as Algeria.
 MT. N. Henderson, of the division of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduc- ton. is the scientist in charge of chayote Investigations. He produced several smau glass jars showing in moas appetizing form the chayote as a sweet pickle as the staple ingredient in chop pickle and as a preserve.
 "The chayote differs from the sum- mer squash in being firmer and re-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22
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Copyright, 1917. by Fl

~ HE strain and stress of times at ~ home and abroad make it in
 cumbent upon the American - people to learn something about thelr food supply, it's source and ex- tent. and to acquaint themselves with the efforts which are being made to augment that supply so as to keep 1t abreast of the growth of the nation and equal to the exigencies of the time.
 The Department of Agriculture has never been more active than at present in its investigations along the line of new foods and new substitutes for the staple products; and the office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction has a stan of scientists busy in the work of importing. Investigation, ex- perimenting with and selecting seeds and plants from abroad which may be of service in enlarging the American dietary list and so. in measure. re- ducing the high cost of living
 Dasheen Popular In South.
 A visitor at the office of MT. Robert A. Young, of the Department, was greeted with an odor like that of roasting chestnuts. MT. Young, how ever. was not enjoying a belated feast of autumn nuts but was scientifically investigating the contents of fresh- ly baked dasheen: the study ofa the dasheen, with a view to it's introduce ton into the American bill of fare being an important part of this scien- tist's work.
 The dasheen is an importation from the tropics. now upon the American market as novelty, but with it's wider acquaintance it is believed that it will ! form a valuable addition to the list of everyday American table vege- tables. In southern sections where the experiments have been carried on it is grown in abundance and Is used as a substitute for the potato. which of all vegetables it resembles most closely. In central Florida the cror yields under favorable conditions from 250 to $50 bushels to the acre. sS
 The food value of the dasheen is greater than that of the potato, as fl possesses 50 per cent. more protein and 50 per cent more starch than the potato. which makes it more nutri- tious substitute for meat than the po-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22

and its large vegetable oil contents
 gives it place as substitute for
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-22
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prefer, and call by the name of 'pak- choi,' and the heading kind, which we prefer, named 'pai-tsai,' which means. white vegetable