davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-06

monkey suffering from poliomyelitis
produced the disease when inOculated
into a healthy monkey Following this
experiment number of Investigators Land.
steier, Levaditi, Leiner and Won Wiesner
ROmer, Strauss, ROsenau, Sheppard Amoss
and Gins, attempted to transmit the disease
to monkeys by means of a Berkefeld or
Chamberlain nitrate Of material obtained
from the nose, pharynx or mouth of patients
i'll with the disease. All of these experiments
were negative
BY far the largest number of experiments
of the kind were performed by King, Pet
tersson and Wernstedt in 1912 They at
tempted TO transmit the disease TO monkeys
by means of fltrate of the secretion of the
intestines of person dead with the disease
acutely i'll with it, recently recovered OF
having recently been exposed to IT, and
healthy persons who apparently had had
no contact with it. These investigators re-
port large number of positive results The
technique they used differed in one impor-
tant feature from that Of their predecessors
Instead of a Berkefeld, Chamberlain OF
other filter, they used a Helm, which is more
permeable.
But later Flexner, Clark and Frazier
washed with normal saline solution the nose
mouth and pharynx of the healthy parents
of a child sick with the disease The solu-
ton was shaken and passed through a Der
kefeld filter One quarter teaspoonful was
injected into the sciatic nerve and ten table.
spOOnfuls into the peritoneal cavity of mon
keys, and they developed typical symptoms
and the authors assert that the cords showed
typical and characteristic LESSONS of the dis
ease.
1t Is thus that the disease has been sue.
cessfully transmitted from infected human
beings to monkeys But the majority of In
vestgators who have attempted thus tc
transmit the disease have been unsuccessful
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-06
A. q, M. A., M. D.,

THE important and dlScOncertlng dis
cOvery that the poison of infantile
paralysis can be carried by dust has
just been made by Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity. Heretofore it had been supposed that
infection could be caused only by personal
contact with carriers of il and incidentally
or by accident transmitted by flies mOsqui-
toes and few other insects That such
dangerous and far-reaching factor as dust
could spread the malady was specifically de-
MED But experiments which had their in
ception In the mysterious outbreak of poll
omyeEtiS among children of Johns Hopkins
professors have proved conclusively that
dust is q carrier of it, a d in the light of
this the puzzling outbreaks of the disease
In widely separated sections can now be I'M
derstood
More than ever before is the discovery
OF an actual preventive serum made neces-
sary. because while houses can be made
insect-proof and infected children be kept
away from healthy children, it is not possible
ia make a dust-proof place IN which people
can live. Furthermore, the virus of infantile
paralysis is so small that it passes even
through the Berkefeld porcelain filter, whose
interstices are microscopic. The meshes in
the finest dust screens that could be made
would be yawning cavities in comparison to
the size of the agency that brings about what
we call infantile paralysis.
1t becomes self-evident. therefore that
thorough disinfection of all rooms that have
been occupied by sufferers from infantile
paralysis must be made Immediately upon
discovery of symptoms. The tendency of
local boards of health to shirk this precau-
ton, or, as in the case of New York City,
to put the responsibility upon the landlords,
must be checked at once Careful. effective,
thorough disinfection becomes health duty
and Sinking Of it sheer murder.
The researches whose results are now
announced were begun last Fall when
curious restricted epidemic of the malady
broke out at Homewood in an apartment
house. the management of which furnishes
q standard and which has a 100 per cent
record for sanitarineSS HOmewoOd is a sub
urb of Baltimore. where the Johns Hopkins
University stands Many of the professors
of the institution and their families live in
these apartments. During the epidemic last
Fal a special rigid quarantine against the
disease had been maintained With Johns
Hopkins University. perhaps the greatest
medical school IN the world. standing in its
centre. with its trained men watching against
sources of infection, il was thought that in
Homewood at least was an impregnable
citadel against the virus.
When, therefore, nine children of eleven
were smitten with the plague the matter
seemed inexplicable No one of the eleven
children concerned had been bitten by or
exposed TO insects, and all had been kept
rigidly away from the other children of the
suburb.
First 10 fall victim was the little son Of
one Of the Johns Hopkins professors He
quarantined, but shortly after his
brother and sister and six others became
victims. Doctors U. W. Mccoy. Kenneth -
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-06

and left TO soak over night in the laboratory
On the following day the mixture was shaken
and filtered through Berkefeld filter. Under
ether anesthesia some of the fltrate were
placed in the left lateral ventricle and into
the peritOneal cavity of a small female
Macacus rhesus monkey. This monkey had
been in the laboratory about four years She
appeared healthy.
The monkey remained well for two days
after the injections, at which time she became
i'll and showed weakness in her left hind leg.
On the third day her right hind leg was also
weak, and when moving she dragged her
hind parts. The illness in every way appeared
TO be comparable to that observed in another
monkey inoeulated with virus from a polio
myelitis patient. On the fourth day she ap-
peared very i'll; her respiration was rapid
80 per minute.
While under the observations at this
time she fell. fracturing her skull.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-06

At autopsy the internal organs appeared
normal. except for hyperplasia of the lymph
node of the intestines, spleen, lungs, mesen-
teric and bronchial lymph glands. The spinal
cord at the lumbar and the dorsal region
was affected, and there were small hemor-
rhageS in the gray matter of the anterior
horns of this region of the cord
In word, the monkey inoculated with
the solution in which the dust had been
soaked had infantile paralysis.
Another interesting experiment was then
made to determine whether money caused
the virus. Through the health department
a considerable amount of paper and silver
money was collected from persons in houses
exposed to pOliomyelitis. The money was
collected in a large, clean, freshly boiled
museum jar which was fitted with tightly
fitting glass cover 1t was placed directly
In the jar by the person by whom 1t col
lected. The money was shaken with small
'A'' - tA- s.@r casaDs-= cz==. EIL.2LB Ra4l--- <
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-06
By DR.. Leonard Keene Hirshberg,

Blackfan, MontrOse T. Bur
rows and +. A. Park, of the
Johns Hopkins Hospital, I'M
dertOok at once a detailed
scientific research into the
causes of Infection.
1t was found that the
books, horns, military
clothes, Teddy bears, drums
and other toys in the nurs-
cry of the family in which
the disease first broke out
drew most Of
{ he children
Their Oftener
than TO any
other room. Elk
animation was,
therefore, first
!" ! !. d. !. ! ]" !" !.
made of this
room. -
1t was care ~,
fully swept and M
the sweepings,
con t a j ming
dust, lint, pins,
were placed in -
clean, freshly
boiled museum
jars, and her
metically seal
ed. The ma
terial was dry
and small in
amount. !
Later h e {.
sweepings were
covered with a
small amount +.
of normal Sa-
line solution
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-06

catch the malady.
1t is interesting TO con-
slider some Of the newest
facts regarding the ex-
periments in communicat-
ing the disease from mon
keys to human beings.
Flexner and Lewis have
found that the fltrate of
an emulsion of a nasal
mucous membrane Of
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-06


Carrying Their Deadly Softly
Little Fingers They Their Evil Journey
Of the ever Were
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-06
The Mysterious Epidemic Among
''Protected'' Children of Johns
Hopkins University Professors, and
the Monkey Tests That Revealed
the unsupported Source of
Contagion and Provided New
Means Of Battling Against It

cunt of normal saline solution, the mix
e filtered through a Berkefeld filter and
filtrate injected by DR.. G. w. Mccoy into
brain ventricle and the peritoneal cavity
a healthy Macacus rhesus monkey. DR..
Coy reports that this monkey did not
w any symptoms of the disease.
The strange fact noticed in last Sum
RS epidemic of infantile paralysis-the
progress of the contagiOn from Long
Island, to Brooklyn, across the Brook
Iyn Bridge to lower Manhattan, and
then gradually uptown-is no longer
strange under the dust discovery. In
Baltimore the same progress of the
epidemic was observed At first it was
expected that some insect flying with
the winds might be responsible for the
spread of the scourge.
The great outstanding demOnStra-
ton of the Johns Hopkins Hospital
staff with regard to this well-studied
and Investigated epidemic of poliOmyel-
it's is the truth that mouth to mouth
and hand to hand contact is far from
the only or most frequent source of
transference of the germs.
with this significant knowledge at
hand, to wit: that very light dust and
dirt frequently conveys the ultra-small
cause of the disease, methods of pre-
ventiOn can now be directed intelli-
, gently toward a reduction of the num-
: h, .r.,A
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
FAIRGROUNDS
TO Be URGED
Minneapolis Man at Head of
State Propaganda for Recrea-
ton in Minnesota.


Following the break with Germany,
q campaign to develop the playground
idea in 40 Minnesota communities of
the state having populations Of $500
or more. including East Grand Forks.
has been started by Charles F. Well
Ter. recreational expert, with head
quarters in Minneapolis. The per-
manent protection Of the country
against invasion, the suggestion of
which arises from the German
propaganda, is clearly to be seen in
the national playground proposition,
Mr.. Weller declares In a communica-
ton to local men.
With no axes to grind, no selfish
interests and no narrow purposes no
money to be made and no profit for
any individual or organization, the
association is opening its campaign .
Mr.. Weller asserts. Its purpose is
to help Minnesota communities to
build up health. happiness and work
Ing power among boys. girls. men and
women. who need opportunities for
l. 4 ID
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21


nier is an important railroad junction
from which three roads branch. one
north to Lafere, a second southwest
to Noyon and third northwest to
st. Quentin. Even more significant is
the fact that the British advancing
on the north against Cambria, an
line, have seen incendiary fires blaz-
ing In the rear Of that town.
Advance slackens.
The only fact to Offset these evi-
dences that the Germans are still re-
firing is that the advance of both
British and French materially slack
ened yesterday. This is officially ex-
planned as due to an equinoctial gale,
which swept over the blackened
wilderness in which the opposing
armies are maneuvering. The Brit
ish. whose advance has been con-
stantly slower than that of the
French, are still at an appreciable
distance from Cambrai, their nearest
outpost being about IL miles from
that city. The great importance Of
Cambrai lies in the fact that it is the
principal barrier between the allies
and the great French coal and iron
fields around Valenciennes, 20 miles
farther on. These fields have been
in the possession of the Germans
since the first sweep toward Belgian.
Germans Active at Verdun.
While uncertainty still reigns as to
the outcome Of the great drama being
staged in Picardy. the Germans con-
tinue their efforts to create a diver
sion in the region Of verdun, but so
far nothing has developed to indi-
cate that a major operation is under
way.
The most important fightins re-
ported from any other theater is
from the long quiescent Macedonian
front. Here the fighting between the
Bulgar-Teutonic forces and Genere'
sarrail's French troops has been
steadily growing in severity with con-
ftcting reports as to its result.
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
CHINESE MINISTER
in TOXIC ON AN
IMPORTANT VISIT

Toxic, March 20.-Liu- -tsung-yu,
former Chinese minister to Japan, is
In Toxic, on mission which may
have far-reaching Importance in
bringing about closer working rela-
tions between Japan and China. Mr..
Lfu is here privately but he is au-
thorized by his government to con-
suit Japanese officials and leading
business men to work out a system
Of practical cooperation.
The position of Japan in Shantung
province is one Of the questions under
discussion with the foreign office.
Japan's place in the quintuple group
which the United States was expected
Japan is seeking the right to appoint
a Japanese financial adviser at Peking
but China Is opposing this.
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
self-development through wholesome
use Of their leisure hours.
Development Urged.

Development Urged.
1.-THE development of the star ath-
lete is no part of our plan. 1t is pro-
posed instead that parks and public
recreation purposes be used and that
the work be extended to school build
ings, libraries or armories, to develop
a higher state of physical develop
ment and wholesome interest in
athletics and recreation of a physical
upbuilding character on the part Of
the people.
1T is not apparatus or space that
is needed so much as intelligent di-
rectton and leadership. A country
town has ample playground space and
abundant opportunity for recreational
activity, but the leisure hours of the
young people are dead or deadening
for lack of leadership.
Break With Germany Cause.
Our break with Germany now
challenges America to take stock Of
its physical powers. OF our patriot
ism there is no question, but what
of our efficiency. Are Americans as
At as they should be? Are they
schooled in team play, to follow lead
ers. to accept discipline?
Military training is likely to gain
great impetus from these unavoid-
able questions, but is military train
ing the only way, or even the best
way. to develop American strength
and physical efficiency? These things
should be developed in early life, on
the playground. in the form Of whole
some, healthy activities"
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
Side
ACCEPTS JOB
AS ST0KER TO
RETURN HERE
Thos. Thompson, Donald
son Merchant, in. City To-
day, Has Exciting Time.

In order that he might be able to
return to the United States, Thomas
Thompson, a prominent merchant of
Donaldson. Minn., ->and we'll known in
East Grand Forks, became stoker
on the Norwegian steamer, "Chris-
tianafjord" and ran the German
blockade. Thompson is in the city to-
day attending to business matters and
visiting with friends.
Upon arriving at Christiania, home-
ward bound, after visiting his parents
in Norway. Thompson purchased first
class passage to the United States on
the Norwegian liner. But When the
time came for the departure of the
ship It was announced by the authori-
ties that no passengers would be car
ried, and mail would be left behind,
owing to the dangers in running
through the German submarine zone
Works as Fireman.
AS result Of the announcement
many of the ships crew became
frightened and quit their. posts. AL
though Thompson had never "fired"
on a steamer, ahd knew little of the
work, offered his services as q stoker
and was accepted.
Conditions in European countries
are far from favorable according to
Mr.. Thompson. The food supply in
Norway will last but three months
should no more be forthcoming.
Other countries are in worse con-
dition, he declares.
Conditions Bad.
Children and the older people in
Germany are dying off in large num-
bers every day, according to current
rumors in Norway. He declares,
,%os
erned by the authorities of the coun-
try, the newspapers of Norway make
the statement that Germany is we'll
supplied with food and can continue
the war indefinitely. This, declares
Mr.. Thompson, is huge exaggera-
ton.
Another thing that is little heard
In the United States is the vast
amount Of vessels that are being sunk
by the Germans" declared MIR.
Thompson. Norway alone loses on
the submarine campaign of the Teu-
tons. And there is no surmisine the
English losses"
No Mail Carried.
No boats from Norway are now
carrying passengers or mail. but those
that come to the United States have
only light cargoes, returning to the
Scandinavian country with large con-
signments of food. At present, ac-
cording to Mr.. Thompson, there are
two liners in New York awaiting a
chance to slip out and take food to
Norway.
Thompson had not seen his parents
until his trip to Norway last winter.
for 16 years He left the United
States on December for the old
country. but declares he will never
return to Norway rThe United States
is the place for me,' he declares.
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
ROADS NOW IN
POOR CONDITION
Rural Mail Carriers Out of East
Grand Forks Having Hard
Time to Make Their Runs.

Rural mail carriers out of East
Grand Forks are already experience
ing difficulties in covering" their
routes on schedule time, because Of
the condition of the roads in the
rural districts. and it is feared that
in short time. many residents on
some Of the routes will be forced to
go without their mail for from "a to
4S hours. until the carriers can force
their way through.
Sletis Still Used.
Sleds are still being used by the
four carriers out of this city, but
wagons will soon replace the runners.
The roads are beginning to break up
rapidly, according to one carrier this
morning, and inside ola week rum
ners will have disappeared almost en-
tirely.
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
ECERMEYER HELD UP
SIXTY HOURS By STORM


The Grand Forks military band will
not hold q rehearsal tonight rs
planned owing to the absence Of e. L.
Egermeyer. leader Of that organiza-
tion, who Is returning from IOWA,
where he attended. the funeral Of his
mother several days ago.
Mr.. Egermeyer, who Is expected to
reach Grand Forks this evening, had
q very trying experience during his
homeward trip, being held up at one
place for so hours on account Of a
snowstorm. All the way he has been
considerably delayed by storms. Al
though he only spent one day in the
Iowa city where his. mother was buri-
ed. Mr.. Egermeyer has been travelling
ever since in an effort to reach Grand
Forks.
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
MINNESOTA LEAGUE
HAS FILED PAPERS
FOR INCORPORATION
Nonpartisan Movement Takes on
Legal Form Ignored in
North Dakota.

st. Paul. March. 21-Formal noti-
was given today by the Nonpartisan
league. with the fling Of articles of
incorporation with the secretary Of
state for the Minnesota Nonpartisan
league with headquarters in st. Paul
and the Minnesota Nonpartisan
League Publishing company, capital
lied at $l60.00O.
1ncorporators are A. G. Stoneburg
Of Cambridge; Oscar Blumquist Of
S"c~"or p"~ok, and C. F. johnson Of
Marine Mills.
:e,.,sue, the articles say, will
favor reforms" similar to those ad-
vocated by the North Dakota Non.
partisan league.
A. c. Townley said the organization
incorporated today had no connection
with his organization.
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
TAXICAB SMASHED
BY A STREET CAR

Considerable damage was inflicted
upon taxicab owned by the stow
Auto and Livery company when
struck by university avenue street
car last evening at the corner of.
Eighth avenue and Chestnut street,
The. driver. who had killed the en-
gne on the car tracks. was in the act
car came into sight. He attempted
to flag the car before it reached the
taxi, but his efforts were in vain and
the auto was nearly demolished.
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
NEW GERMAN
PEACE MOVE
Is REPORTED
CONTINUED. from page

srnment, is quoted as saying that the
Russian revolution had entirely
changed the situation, that Germany
could no longer claim that she wished
to free the Russian Baltic province
and could also consider handing back
Poland to Russia under some form OF
autonomy. He is represented as add
tng that he believed the revolution
In Russia made It possible for Ger
many to discuss terms more favorable
to tho entente. :
Another visitor to Holland, contin-
ues the correspondent, sought to learn
the attitude Of tho entente and AZ
United States towards some Seri eral
scheme Of autonomy for the races of
Europe especially In regard to Aus
tria- Hungary. The correspondent
aays that although the commissioners
claimed they were not travelling. on
behalf OF their government their four
,nsy would have been impossible nm
der existing passport regulations with.
out the connivanco Of Berlin.
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
HARTMAN READY
TO GO TO WAR
Hero Of Dog Derby to Enlist at
First Call for Volunteers,
He Declares.

Fred Hartman. hero Of the winni-
peg-Grand Forks dog derby, who
completes his vaudeville engagement
at the Foto Play theater tonight, an
nounced today that he will enlist in
the United States army at the first
call for volunteers.
When The Herald extra, announc-
ing the summon Of congress on
April 2 to take extraordinary measures
to meet the international crisis, ap-
peared on the street, Hartman said:
I'll enlist at the first call. And I'll
enlist from Grand Forks. The people
In this city have treated me so royalty
that I'd like to be represented in the
army as coming from here"
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
HOW 1T STRUCK THE BOY.

A Philadelphia divine was enter
tanning a couple Of clergymen from
New York at dinner. The guests
spoke in praise of sermon their
host had delivered the Sunday before.
The hosts son was at the table
and one Of the New York clergymen
said to him:
'My lad. what did you think of
your fathers sermon?"
II guess 1t was very good" said the
boy but there were three mighty
fine places where he could have
stopped" York Times.
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
ODD FELLOWS MAKE
Bake NOBLE GRAND
Henry Weston Resigns and His Suc-
cessor is Elected at Meeting of the
Local Order.

A. A. Bakke was elected noble
grand at the last business meeting of
the local Odd Fellows to fill the va
cancy caused by the resignation Of
Harry Weston. whose business kept
him out of town much of the time.
Mr.. Bakke is one Of the most popu-
lar Odd Fellows in the city. having
been member of the order for years.
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
TED HANSON QUITS
CITY FORCE TO FARM
Patrolman Tenders Restoration and
From Now On Will Devote All of
His Time to Farming.

Patrolman Theodore Hanson has
resigned r from the city police force
and left today for his farm near
Northwood. Mr.. Hanson will devote
all Of his time from now on to farm
ing. Officer Hanson has been a mem.
Der Of the local police force for near
" two years.
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
BAZAAR COMMITTEES
TO REPORT TOMORROW

The Ladies' Aid society of the First
Lutheran church meets tomorrow aft
ernoon at the church, at which time
the different committees in charge OF
plans for the Easter bazaar to be held
March 27 will report.
Mrs. o. o. Berg and Mrs. John
Dahle will serve refreshments at a
social session following the disposal
of business matters.
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21
LOCAL man TO
APPEAR THUR,
James Schimek Alleged to Have
Violated City Ordinance Anent
Dumping of Refuse.

James schimek. residing on the
outskirts of East Grand Forks was
arrested yesterday afternoon on a
warrant sworn out by Chief Of Police
Albert Hurst, on the charge of dump
ing manure and refuse within the city
limits, in violation of the city char
ter.
Schimek will he brought up before
Judge Robert Blair in municipal
court tomorrow morning, and it is as
Grand Forks herald., 1917-03-21

During the past carriers out Of this
city made record in the number Of
trips made on their routes during Sc
we're storms and billiards.. and with
roads blocked. Only ON very few
occasions. even with storms raging.
did the local men miss delivering the
mail to their patrons