The Bismarck tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, N.D.) 1916-current, 1917-10-02
SCHOOL cHllQ ! !
EARN R MUcHM o ! | Y
Pupils in Three Grades Make
$780, 100000 a Year, Govern .
- ment Inquiry Shows.
TEAMWORK ATTRACTS MANY
Dissatisfaction Found by Experts to
Be Chief Cause of Large Num- !!
" z Der Of Boys and Girls
4 Quitting Glasses.

SchoOlchildren of the sixth, seventh
and eighth grades in the United States
earn about $G0000,G00 year by work
ing in summer vacations and out-of-
school hours throughout the school
year, according to a report recently
issued by Uncle Sans bureau Of edu-
cation. The estimate. was based upon
figures obtained from an investigation
of the cases of 1881 children, 1920
boys and 1921 girls, distributed over
eleven states. It was found that Of
the total number of children investi-
gated, 5,1S1, or SO per cent, were en-
ployed during the summer vacation,
and 1864, or q per cent, during the
out-of-school hours throughout the
school year.
The children employed in the sum-
mer vacation earned a total of $6S, 342,
and from this it was estimated that
the children Of the three grades men,
toned throughout the country earned
$GO,00O,OO0 from summer employ
I ment. The average summer earnings
of the children listed amounted to
! $3.50 each, but the incomes of differ
ent children varied greatly. The aver
nge weekly earnings of those working
during out-of-school hours amounted
TO $1.51.
Farm Work Attracts Most.
Concerning the nature of employ
ment the report said that farm work
attracted 80 per cent of the boys and
&c per cent of the girls, housework
more thar so per cent of the girls, de-
livery and messenger service nearly
% per cent Of the boys, personal serv'
ice 10 per cent Of the boys. and facto'
ries, mills and mines, because Of strict
labor laws, only 2 per cent Of all the
children.
AS a related subject, the report dis
cussed the question Of why children
leave school, and after treating the
desire to earn money and the wish to
learn trade as causes, presented dis
satisfaction of the child with .the
school as the most important cause OF
the withdrawal Of many.
dissatisfaction is the dominating
| factor in school leaving" said the re-
port, "and probably accounts for at
least so per cent Of the Withdrawals
It takes many forms. Very often it
Is due to the inability on the part of
both parent and child to realize the
value or necessity Of further schooling
Many parents believe that the expert.
ence gained in some OF the common
occupations Of children is more use
full in the preparation for the earning
Of a living than that gained in the or
binary elementary school. In many
cases this is true, and as investigation
has shown, age and work experience
are the determining factors with thc
Younger employees rather than school
experience.
Backwardness cause Of Leaving.
dissatisfaction is sometimes due to
I personal dislike to the teacher and
to other trivial matters, but by far
the most conspicuous source is back
wardness, Or inability to keep up with
other children Of the same age. Some
Of the pupils, Of course, are backward
because Of starting late, but it is evf-
dent that larger proportion Of the
children fail to keep up with their
classes, which necessitates a repetition
Of the work. =,
'"rhe solution of the backward pupil
problem, therefore, should 60 long
way toward solving the schoOl-leavins
problem and at the same time stop
one of the most wasteful leaks in the
educational system"
The report suggested that the rem
edy for the school-leaving problem
should provide for remunerative EN-.
ployment for children while attending
school, change in the educational
methods aiming to vitalize school work
and thus make school more interest
Ing and retardation less common, and
the establishment Of continuation
courses for children who must leave
school. The effort to vitaiiZe school
work should center, according to the
report, about concrete Occupational
training.