davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27
In the Days News

81 p nvram. who TODAY becomes
president ~ the Chicago Milwaukee
and 50 Paul railway Tn succession 70
EarUng whn has been named
chairman - the board - directors.
ls a notable example ~ fhe man whn
har risen 90 the highest position IN
thc railroad world after starting ~
Tho foot - the ladder Mr. hvraIp
Was born ln Galesburg III IN 1853.
AZ Tho aye - ls he began bis career
a. an office boy lr the service ~ tho
Burlington road IN his native town
s. few years later DE- was transf erfe 81
fr tns general offices In chicago
whore DO gga employed 49, "a clerk
and sfeu0UrNphVr Ills nrHt position
~ importance came 90 him m 1898
whom he uaa made assistant genera
suunrinfendent 70 the Montana Gene
fraf railway For some time ~ nc-
nupled responsible positions In the
service 20 fhr Rock Island ryrtefn.
Then be- returned 20 the burlington.
~ which company he eventually be
cbme vice. president
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27
Anniversaries

f- uugh niysGaie hs-ame gov
eruur ~ virginia
i.t.s.h cert. mental congress
ret at t.tr.astor "a
f.sr Ile rer sod ru04fIf]ilnn ~
tfe United 1tHfre nfs s4huilfieH 2"
congress and signed
5000 Hapha' -rmnra famous
Confederate naval ommander born
tn thnrIea county. Nafyiand Dled
ln Mobile hl1 Are 70 W.
risan with $500 Americans invaded
Canada frar7 Detrolt
frf Th0ltaa ~ Benton and
cnarief lucas fought = second dnel
a. ~ Lops in which Lucas was
r,trIaift wounded.
fssq- CHEYENNE was selected as the
state rauftat ~ wyoming
f1Ia fNIIIHm r.. Russell Democrat
was nominated for Eovernor ~ Mas
fsff Rnsslans occupied Ursok
Pas leading thru the Carpathians
iut1 HungarY
farB- italian Infantry made gains
on tho Carso Plateau near the Adri-
afle sea
ONE YEAR AGO TODAY IN TINE
rrsnrh made gains north and south
pumarians defeated Austrisns IN
Northern Transyivanln
gerhians repealed severe Bulgarian
assaults ~ the serbian frontier.
ToDAY'S BIRTHDAYs
Rear Admiral Robert Grimm,
errineer-fu-chlef ~ thc United states
ri born a. Frederick sburR. Va. 80
foafs ago today
Major goncrai Francis ". French.
-r-lfrnndIug Camp Jackson. a. Col
urFla r. o. born ln Indiana 80
years nro today
f,rnls r. swift. president ~ the
great nactinR firm ~ Swift = Com :
many born AZ SaEamore. Mass. 81
wears ago today
Nf7rtfr VI Clynn. former govsrnor
~ Vow york. horn a. Kinderhook.
90 wears ago today
Henry Phfpps eu nent capitalist.
sfeeI fr nmfacfurer and phlanthro-
pf4t. born in Philadelphia ~ YEAR,
ago today
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27
H. T. Webster

ar IT," Says Webster. = went 20
Chicago 20 study art Attended
Frank Holme school FOR 20 days,
ahen it went ont Of business Went
% work chen "a fhe Denver Repub-
Hcan at nothing r. week and salary
remained stationary during ms stay
On The paper Landed fob IN "a
month or go on Denver Post as
porting carfoonist. When NE sor.
cid matter ~ WAGES was mentioned,
frcWbUngly asked 30 SIS would ne
TOO much knew mat was more
thsn ! was worth. and more than J
could pos bis pend. but I had 90
keep ~ fhc dignity ~ tho profss-
sion Hel i0b 1850 months and quf
fa avoid being fred
Slowed o Chicago and hogan
house fD house canvass f0T nuft
Hay my name and address taken by
every editor in town. each "a whom
told Wc he'd keep mo in mind when
smnthfne turned ur one day J.
reached in my pocket and found
only s. and trunk key IiftIe
Heats and Flowers music. Prof.
Decided f0 canvass Milwaukee
Hopehf roandtrip ticket ON 'he
Wh7Irhack FOR dollar and aat 100
aU nieHt After bo8f bad irU ihr
fork.il ii-eusfred Rad lef' mY 50
rtanr nn fha counter at tho frEe'
tfc, N0frnl ioraf in NnWaukcc
bgf Zoo l1for 0f fho 'JoarraI .aia
Nfd fakr mf namr and address
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27

tnre he Chicago Inter Ocean told
nc 20 brng my overalls and go to
work Made The front page cartoon
on thar per for three years
"Worxed hree years on Tho o..
and then went 20 Cincinnati for thr
Post. Res sned after three years
and took rip around the world
Game 'c New York and tied up
10 The A ociated Newspaper ln
1911
Favorite Sport Catching blacs
bass
Boy hood Ambition To succeed
Jesse Jamfr
MY NoN0n ~ Lies Darkest NO
men'-Atfending rarties dances ana
cabarrfa
The Ttru % Ny Lifetime 81
fref frip 'r an elevator 20 The f0p
0f tho 81 1nic temple chicago
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27
From Another Point of New
By C. T. 5

However, there should have been
doctor drawn for the grand jury. if the
dea is TO go further into those dislocated
Joints.
Russia viii please accept the thanks Of
the Typographical union for sending Cen
sral Soukhomlinof 10 prison where he viii
drop MS name and get number
Now if the steel and copper industries
IAN only succeed in getting the govern
nent TO live up TO those war prices il has
fixed.
Their divorce suit indicates strained re-
ations Of the r. L. Cullenders
Once they were happy as could be
But oh. bow ail has changed.
They never speak and. worst % all.
u cannot be arranged
The happy past cannot return
he hours and DAYS are aiiting-
With NOT "A word between them passed
Both Dc and she are knitting
You can always get an automobile man
10 concede that his competitor makes a
first class trailer.
1t is reported that it cost Columbus
only $1,000 10 discover America. At
many times that amount the outlay has
proven a splendid investment for lot of
fellows.
We would like 20 remind both our com
missioner of police and our prosecuting
attorney, that in the meantime a Michi-
gan-ave merchant was killed in his store
by robbers.
Mary Smock wanted John Smock sent
to the workhouse for striking her but the
Judge got them to kiss and make up.
Smashed,
Smock by Smock.
Smack
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27

The National Service Handbook" is
sued 10y the government, is a clear and
interesting compilation of facts about
what this nation is doing to win the
war, and should be consulted by every
man before he starts lambasting the adj
ministration for its supposed sins of
omission or commission.
The organization of peaceful people.
some hundred millions of them, into an
efficient fighting machine, is a gigantic
undertaking. no wonder the Germans
look with incredulity at us attempting to
do in few months what has taken them
forty years. We have our job cut out
for US. however. and this handbook
shows that we are addressing ourselves
TO il with characteristic Yankee energy.
The one thing that is impressed upon
one in CHANGING over the whole scheme
of war preparedness is the tremendous
Importance of the people behind the
lines"
The boys on the fighting edge Of civli-
absolutely upon their ununiformed fell
lows in field, factory and train at home
Not only must they have munitions and
food. but they must have a strong, pros
porous, enthusiastic, and resourceful
homeland constantly back Of them.
Hence the organization for war in
cludes not only the drilling and arming
of soldiers and sailors, bat equally vital
are such industries as the building of
ships. the raising Of crops. the manage
ment of railways, the moulding Of public
opinion, the manipulation Of finances and
the Ike.
: There are 2 thousand things to watch
if we are to perfect the great Amer
can machine SO that it shall be able TO
strike the decisive blow against the mon
strous enemy taat IS Threatening the
wo4 L. We mcsl guard not only agains;
spies and traitors, bat against the gray
wolves among our own populace who are
alert to enrich themselves upon their
countrys distress.
Labor conditions. which by years OF
effort we have improved over the rest
Of the world. must be maintained. lest
we enslave the common man at home
while we seek 70 liberate him abroad.
Education child welfare, child labor
laws must Do cared for, that no short
sighted seGshness nor panic lead US to
sacrifice tho future Of the nation to its
present need
Schools and colleges should be kept
open engineers and physicians need
training.
Business must go on 50 that we shall
have money and goods
Religious and welfare work must not
be dropped, so that our moral standard
may not slump
Housewives must economic, laborers
must not be idle newspapers not fall
off in loyalty and efficient service, and, in
short, every man, woman and child at
home must find some way in which he
or she can help.
Stop a minute and ask yourself:
What am | doing?'
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27
Germs
HN ~ ARLINGTON BRUCE
Author 81 ~rhr Riddle % Person
atty Psychology and
parenthood.~ etc.

Many diseases as every body now
knows. are caused by tiny little ere
atures called germs
Getting into the body thru va.
rious channels thru the air We
breathe. The food we eat. The water
We drink these harmful little crea-
lures settle down and proceed 90
thrive az our expense.
~ unchecked they soon or late
produce in ms The symptoms OF some
specific disease. according 20 the
kind ~ germs they are and the par
ticular part 81 the body In which
they settle
Fortunately. medical science has
discovered means for checking most
OF them And nature has provided
ga with still other means
In fact. when disease germs get
into the body they a. once ind
themselves confronted by protec.
tive forces which rally for the
bodys defense
1uavE 70 make nKht Tor
the privilege OF destroying our
health Hostile. malign invaders
that they are. they encounter a re-
sistance as stubborn as that put up
by The heroic Belgians against the
invading Huns
And often the defensive forces are
more fortunate than the Belgians
were often they expel the invad-
rrs. on hem them about by impassa
h'e barriers. SO that they perish mis-
erably.
10 do this. however. the defend
ers must be- both numerous and
strong Both their numbers and
yaelr strength ia the. last analysis
depend ON the yigor OF the body
prior go the invasion
This the paint OF supreme inter
est 20 us
Unless invading disease germs are
urcemmonly powerful they have
Httle chance az doing us really seri-
Gus harm provided We are physical.
IS ht when they attack IA
Rn, III. thru rccklessness or ignor'
8rca We have 'rf ourselves become
physically weakened then the Ike
iihaod OF the germs mastering our
natural defensive forces 81 proper
tonauy Increased
What wc need 20 do Is 20 con
scrye our yigar ar all times. We
uret. ar tha year round, 20 lead
3nely hYgieuic lives
THIS wo can 90 ~ 40 expense n
Is matter chiefly ~ avoiding
worry and other depressing emo
nuaf stltes, 90 getting sufficient
sleep of eating neither TOO much
nor roc if'te. and %, exercising res
riarly tho open air.
During zoe summer that has iasi
come 10 ar end many % us have &C.
qgi~cd The hfb.t ~ regular outdoor
eyero SCI We have learned how
.benrarlal We conEra'ulate
ntr-e'res cn having acquired =
Hat alas The atyen- az cold
v trer may hare the 'frci of
emrtrE rs to abandon thls excel
,en' habit
$50 must oer severe in q Every
fat $50 mH.t contrive 20 exercise p
,bc aoen And in winter uo less
-haa p INNER We must coniriye
IN tsvs rieaty oi fre h air in our
homes
eses arc always most
prevalent in fha winter months
fte IS we'll noWn fact and one
ahirr bias puzzled not q few people
fareer ~. exp nation IS Thar in
"a, trfs- ren.ic 1--we indoors more
thar fhey do In SIMMER. ard Do
pr.ve them elves of fresh air
faertts hc.r vitality Us lowered
Ntg fhp rcneo4 Ifure bat any la
rst.n- germ find precisely The con.
action. mo favorable 20 tuc germs
ana oasr favorable 10 ne benign
nta-nH thaf would deprive
The germ OF An power 10 harm
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27

ne snytslrr ss re -erasfHv r reor' t0st@e
stand 1s thet n-t thaF rf.
rs r
4 rke advert "a ID ttirt sna
.as.r
Your a guess quite All
her she would havc 20 rent the
prefer and on ont of
be- ufcrn- from yellow 1air1lc or
soercd matter Regad Of tou CONDITION f neah
I'D DAYS Pearls words he subject Of wild
admiration hy a friends
sarey. Pearl
%
carmmed when hey fear tha' other woman
sobbnEl This dreanstuf good sister U h
and has ef ihe
jealousy ard deserton knows
implied Take ny treatment ana Keep ol
. D.
she claims congress would
medal and The resources ~ ne Rockefeller Foundation
D q dsposal
Pearl Af1o tho Today treatment
offers the rdcuousy rate ~ 80 II you sir
folov.up Offering he
o. Sd reduced 81 with Miss
Ia OF Beauty" thrown
elixir? little
together with phenopfhae = color and add
Pear 49, 81 for
understand why she advertise
q certain class % newspapers and periodicals
refunded R
postcflce
OF fraudulent The mails mo
probable really
The understand ~
zed
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27

worse THAN useless % ~
+ uar tg8u a trr p Ia
+ lts s1nrass mDs te drlet ou b.
feseer sings end ncHd lecef rt
not Dr. kent in taotl aush CON
f1'nrr
EaH Individual toe3 have two
or More ni rhe-a Usrf1I articles in
( ro- 'aut USE ald c h
20 use hem 1 ro.arn n order 70
+ permit ttoro dtrng aut re'lru %.
f he normal stiffness ~ -he hr.st.f
Everyone hould VISIT good don
tier every hree or six monfh aud
have him carefully examine ctorr
tooth
n there arc no covrie0 Pc will
~ least. clean me trofh 81 the w.
nost commonly known t7af
which cannot be removed eXcert
Tith sharp instrument which
must be applied k.l.fuily even be-
Joss The gum This is souss times
called scaling
~ the teeth arc kep- denfapy
clean by this scaling process ss
deep down as fhe ien'si finds noe
tarr pyorrrea or NigG disease
sill never threaten
In addition 20 decaycd teeth mo
tonsils arc me next important focus
~ infection which may work harm
20 The body
MANY fonsiis that apparently arc
normal or that cannot be seen or
no ordinary examination are "sIb-
merged and when drawn ogt by
fhe throat specialists instruments
70 found 20 be exuding pus Srch
t0nsis probably cause more trouble
han the large tonsils which are
isually removed.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27
Doing Better

Tnclo Eban How Ear lid your
son ge' aho went abroad 20 fghf7
Uncle Ezra Well. Doc got "some
whore in France"
Uncie Eben That's good Hc
never go anywhere in America -
puck
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27
We Forgot to Add,
Brother Sedan, That We
Hope You Are the Same
PUTNAM. Mich. SEPT "a. 1917.

BUTMAN. Mich, Sept g. 1917.
To the Editor Of The Times
Detroit Mich.
Dear Sir II n Is not asking too much,
would be pleased 20 have my inquisitiveness
rratifed I have been wondering again and
again II the one Who wrote the editorials be
fore April g. last Ia the same who writes them
since that time. n so. IN my opinion he de-
serves the worlds premium for versatility
I am a subscriber.
Yours truly
l. " SOLDAN
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27
The The hesAd-MirrOr
And Advice 10 Investors
n The Times Prints H. The Times Believes u

NES
aker, ard s~ndler u
Il have
N sled or
honest adser
Be
~N
and
preferred
Aaaress " Ad Detroit.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27
AGnch

How does Ciadvs manage 20 pre-
serve her complexion 50 @cil7"
Easily she keeps 10 In aiF ught
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27
Laugh With Us

we think fine lot Of Shakespeare"
Il do sir" was thc reply
An W think be was MAR clever than Rabbie
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27
She Paved the Way

How did pa arf whom youl asked
sim fok m hand
NfrN gentle and courteous r.
fuok roo mp,efoly by urprlH
told bun you lfld POI be- pug
HIsi
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27

Jren everywhere upon their hands.
I We stood together. you and We for
peace and against war, Brother Sedan,
while there was yet chance
Do we stand together now YOU and we,
+ for THE UNITED STATES while there is
yet a chance?
We had with Us a distinguished and
eminent American, Brother Sedan, 10y the
name of David Starr Jordan
We stood with him and FOR HIM while
they were closing halls 10 MIN because he
wanted 10 hold peace meetings. while
they were hootlng him and kissing him
and threatening him.
Jordan has just contributed an article
70 The Public, IN which he says
We usay nave DIR varied opinions ss 20 war
general J have expressed my own freely IN
glmo7f evcrl civilized country would nor take
back one word have ever uttered. But 20 con
lemn war as whole does not help us today
We are part ot b. and We cannot mend 'Ee
s well look for compensation. such AS they
are u ls hearfeniug ln degree Co feel shat
Ve ara il line with iemocracy the world over.
he forces rf peace which fave been submcrsec
by war. q WAY which was forced on The worc.
tor this tert purpose
Let as say. Brother Sedan, that
father IS standing with his son by the
side of a river.
The father doesn't want his son 10
Jump into the river or fall into the river,
but ne hears q boys shouts for help and,
turning finds that his son Is in the
river.
What would be the natural thing for
q father 10 DO III 4 case of that kind
Brother Soldan2
He would jump into the river and do
his best to rescue his son, would he not
And sacrifice his life 90 save the lfe
of his son would he not?
The father would not want his boy 70
fall or jump into the river, but finding
him IN the river. he would be for his
son. because he loves his son.
The editorial writer. the same as be-
fore April last, has in mind the CON
soling truth that il is always darkest
before the dawn.
And bids you, as lover Of peace and
a lover Of democracy, to be Of good cheer.
Don't spend all Of your time looking
at the cloud.
Look, part Of the time, for the silver
lining
The hard and fast fact remains. de-
spite what the editorial writer thinks
about war in general. and despite what
Won think about il. WE ARE AT WAR. 7
We are wondering. Brother Sedan
you have heard the story of
the farmer who was q deputy sheriff and
a vigorous exponent Of law and order
He found his son engaged on the I
in fshc combat with the hired
man.
He threatened the law on both Of
them.
He warned his son that ne would ar
rest him and take him to jail with the .
hired man.
The two continued 70 pummel each .
other despite the farmers efforts 70 part
them, until finally they were off the
premises and over the county line where I
upon the farmer remarked:
Now give him hell, son: you're out
Of my Jurisdiction"
On. Sammies. 70 Berlin and Democracy, 4
and Peace to all the countries and all the
peoples Of the earth.
Very respectfully.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27
~ Now York's Russian expert.

vite thr German populace 20
revolt buf revolution demands
.dcmocratic spirit and the
German people. 80 FAR "a a
democratic spirit goes, are "a
deficient as tho old lady.
"a very faf old lady got
stuck in tho door ~ n car and
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27

Of Belgium. the execution of Edith Cavell
and the blood Of innocent women and chill
jren everywhere upon their hands.
We stood together. you and we, for
peace and against war, Brother Sedan,
while there was yet a chance
Do we stand together now. YOU and we,
for THE UNITED STATES while there is
yet chance?
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27

take rne there on our honeymoon. don't you think
we'd better be n little careful that they don't
dry up before got there7
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27


sideways. ma'am Try sideways the con
ductor shouted folpfully
% Oh draf The foller. painted the old lady I
alnt no sideways
% IaucHffr o. ftr r.rrf
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27

While This max
true ta ayor
E tootsb ul b
IS aImo wors
han aotaine af
Tho roofhhrus n
onl wts
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27

"Molic. he unused. az thov
sat on The old fence ~ read
the other day thar in a thou
sand wears tho lakcs OF ssh
larney VIII dry NM,
Mollie ciutcbed bip arm ex-
citedly
"Oh Tom" she exclaimed
What's tho matter Mo.iie7"
why. as Won promised 90
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27
Behind the Lines
BY Or FRANK CRANE

Ccopyright. 1915. BY Frank crane)
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27

Nonsense. cir" Numbered
the other
Ave Just nonsense. Rabhc would hae kent
fine that king queen either disna ganga 20
bed wi Groom ON their bead He'd hae kent
they hang II over the back q a chair"
Alfred A Knopf New York's Russian expert,
said tho other day
The Russian revolutonlrts arc mystlcs
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-09-27

why. there's no comparison
between them"
Maybe. no but 80 tell VS. n
was Shakespeare who wrote
Uneasy lies the head that
wears a crown Now Rabbie
would never hae sic nonsense
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1917-08-22
GEN. MORRISON AT GREENVILLE
10 Assume Command of 42d Division
at Camp Sewer.

Greenvillc, Aug. 20.-Major Gen. J.
f. Morrison arrived in Greenville this
afternoon to assume command of the
Forty-second division at Camp Sewer.
lie is sleeping tonight at hotel, but
will move tomorrow to his post at
the camp. All the members of his
staff, he says, are supposed to be
here by August 20. He was accom-
panied by his personal aide, Capt.
Ford.
Gen. Morrison is Il native of New
York city He entered West Point in
1877 and graduated in 1881. He has
risen from colonel to a major general
in the past four years. He was
colonel of the Sixth infantry on the
border until 1915 and then went to
China. He was later promoted to
brigadier general, and on June s this
year, was appointed major general.
He landed at San Francisco on July
Is and proceeded at once to Fort Oglc-
thorpe, where he has since been in
command. He left Chattanooga for
Greenville early this morning. Gen
Morrison saw service during the Rus
so-Japanese war as military attache
he was also assistant commandant
and senior instructor in the service
school. He is an honor graduate of
the service school and a graduate OF
the war college.
Gen. Morrison expressed his opinion
tonight that his command would not
be at Camp Sewer very long, indicat-
ing that they would very shortly see
overseas service.
The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1917-08-22
Exemption Board Members
Get Heavy Jail Sentence
Bernfield and Cherry Plead Guilty
and Get Two Years
in Prison.
GRUHER NOW ON TRIAL
New York Dentist is Alleged to
Have Acted as the
Go-Between.

New York, Aug. 20.-With two for
mer members of local draft cxemp-
ton board No. 80 sentenced to two
years each in the federal penitenti-
ary at Atlanta after they had pleaded
guilty to charges of conspiracy to OBJ
struct the sclectivc draft law, federal
attorneys announced late today that
speedy justice would be sought in the
case of Kalman Gruher, dentist, in
dictcd as an alleged "go-between."
The government charges that Gruher
arranged with drafted men for pay
mcnt of money in return for false
exemption certificates.
Louis l. Cherry and Dr.. A. D. Bern
field are the former members of the
board who pleaded guilty.
After Gruher had completed his tcs-
timony attorneys for the defense and
the government announced that fur
ther evidence would be brief, and
Judge Manton expressed a desire that
the case be given TO the jury at noon
tomorrow.
Gruher testified that his dealings
with Cherry and Bernfeld consisted
solely Of efforts to have his son ex-
cmpted. He declared his son was only
nineteen years of age and had regis
tered by mistake.
Previous testimony by Abraham
Leicher, on whose information the
government started the investigation,
was to the effect that Gruher inform
cd Leichcr that he could get a Ger
tificate Of exemption if ne paid Bcrl-
field $500.