Iron County news. [volume] (Hurley, Wis.) 1913-1950, 1917-03-10

qustus In 1871. at the Time of the
Third Crusade--The Baton Is lts Dis
tinctive Bridge of Office.
IL il only in France that the military
dignity Of marshal is very ancient
one. II was King Philip Augustus
Who FIRST Instituted it as a military
Office In ll9I at the time OF The third
crusade 81. Louis invested two Of his
commanders with the rank on the eve
Of bis i'll futed expedition To northern
Africa. Francis T. created three, and
by the time that Louis XIV. had com
plcted his long reign there were no less
than twenty OF them.
The Office was abolished by the first
republic. Int restored by Napoleon
when lac proclaimed himself EN-
peror lie limited the number to six
tecl They we're known as marshals
Of tAe empire The Bourbon monarchy
on It's restoration in 1915 maintained
them ia office, but changed their tile
back 10 that Of marshals OF France.
Hy the law Of 1899. bearing the sign
manual Of King Louis Philippe, their
number was limited to six in time Of
peace and twelve in time Of war.
The baton. as provided for by exist
log military regulations in France, con
-lsts Of staff about two feet long.
an inch and half IN diameter. cover.
cd with dark blue velvet. heckcd with
gold stars aud tipped at either end
ttI nf ItHpInFQ nf
Us hich are engraved the Latin words.
Terror belIi. decus pacis." II is car
1rd Ia the right hand at all great mill
targ or state functions aud is used In
iru IT the sahcr for ,aluting The
baton Of the field marshal Of Great
Britain is tipped at either end with
crowns aud lions, those OF Germany.
Austria aud Russia with single headed
ur double headed eagles.
Iu England the dignity Of 6eld mar
shsl was unknown until the reign OF
George H.. Who in 1875 bestowed it
upon the second Duke OF Argyll, one
or the greatest commanders aud states
men or bis day and Of whom Pope
wrote
~ 4f &C. tftf ~ @tf - "'fNAN Rfftf"Hf '''ifA ~
Nield
And shake alike the senate and the Held,
The Htst Duke OF Marlborough, the
victor Ut Blcuhcim OF Families aud
81 Naipmquet. bore the title or captain
general 10 Indicate his rank as gener.
alisslmo. II title undoubtedly originat-
iue ia Spain, where it is still retained.
~ is regarded there as the equivalent
at he grade OF field marshal in other
countries
There are no field narshals at pres
emit "a Russia The hast two command
crs To- hold tina, rank We're the late
Field Marshal Gourko, governor gen
rral of Poland and the late Grand
Duke Michael Nicholaiyitch, who
when he died was the patriarch OF the
imperial house OF Romanon
lu Austria Hungary there is but one
Hold nar>hal~-namely. Archduke Fred
criek lie is Il brother OF the queen
mother Of Spain aud heir to all the
colossal fortune Of his un lie. the late
Aryhduke Albert who had won his
marshals baton On the battlefield OF
tustozza
The rull generals in Austria bear the
lii.c ut "feldzeugmeister" tmaSter OF
the ordnance when they belong to the
artillery white all lieutenant generals
are known rs "fe)dmarShal lieuten-
arr." "a title which is being continually
mi~translated abroad as that OF field
marshal
lu Italy. Scandinavia Belgium and
Holland aud Ia the armies OF the Bal
kan states the rank OF field marshal is
uabuuNu although the late King
Charles of Eoumania had received
hatous trem Car Nicholas IL. aud
from the kaiser Portugal too has
dispensed with dcld matshals
II Is Ia Germany, however. that heId
marshais dourSh bur only since the
present kaiser has been on the throne
JUST prior to the death of old Emperor
William m l>SN there were but two
held marshals ia the entire German
army namely, the then Grown Prince
@ilcrNard Frederick llll and Count
Nu'tkc. both Of whom had received
their latonS Al the close of the Franco.
German war al 1870 As soon as the
present emperor came To The throne he
l7--au to confer The dignity with such
lhrra'ity that there ate now fully
Score et Them. including Duke Bern.
bard az SAKE Meiuingen. the Grand
lnae of Eadeu, Prince Henry Of Prus
SH and BARON yuu P]e>Seu Besides
These there are about a dozen more
Ntb 'he ruh ~ general c5rrst" OF
'"I'HrI general whose rank is assim
talyd t' tlat ot Held marshall aud " hu
"fe above the utu generally. Gun
har oWru lu New YORK sun.