TaÌˆgliche Omaha tribuÌˆne. [volume] (Omaha, Nebr.) 1912-1926, 1917-03-31

FAMOUS SCHOLAR OBJECTS TO WAR AS
CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY,
His Conception of a Real Patriot.
BY Arthur Macdonald, Washington d. C, Honorary President OF the
Ord international Congress Of Criminal Anthropology in Europe.

In the scientific study OF humanity,
purpose of anthropology, espe-
/ cially criminal an%thropology, Is TO
lessen and prevent crime between
nations (war) as well as crime
within nations, by knowledge gained
through investigation Of causes. AS
crime is estimated according to
detriment TO the community, inter
national crime or war is the worst
OF all crimes.
l.. Animals rarely kill their own
species as man does; they have
better sense.
9. When an army Of ants rush
upon at ant Hill 10 capture 1t, they
do not kill more thar is necessary
to accomplish their purpose.
8. Among sayages the habit Of
duelling was so strong, that If their
enemies were 0 armed, they
furnished them with arms before at
lacking them, Illustrating a high
sense Of fair play. But
4, Retaliation become so frequent
that its repetition created a taste
for fighting and habit Of war which
was primarily for defense Uf hunting
grounds and crops. But
5. War having lost its judicial
character, theft and plumber became
It's principal aim. Nan set out to
steal the land itself, then war was
for conquest aud enemies were
either killed or made slaves.
6. Property holdings grew, great
communities and states were formed,
aristocracies constituted, chiefs be-
came kings and armies waged war.
Sacerdotal classes and castles we're
founded and monarchs became liken-
ed unto God.
Z. While war changed Its form
according to country, age and race,
there was no real evolution; war is
a falling back into sayagery lata-
vism); only the process varies as
arms. tactics, strategy.
s. War was once a most honored
profession; one was obliged either
to fight for the king OF TO enter the
clerical order; military courage took
the place Of all virtues. st.
Augustine said, II God commands to
Kill, nOmiClQe is a virtue
70. AT first firearms were objected
to as placing the brave mar and
coward on the same level; also the
noise was disconeerting. In fact,
history shows that
10. New kinds OF deadly arms are
called barbarous by those who DO
not have them or cannot apply them;
but such armament is sure to be
used 10 the limit by all as soon as
Ii has become general. Thus
IL. Air machines drop explosives,
killing women and children at home.
They are even more inhuman than
submarines. because few persons r
compelled to travel while many must
remain at home.
IL. Shooting OF citizens who fight
soldiers Is terrible, and with afro
cities. excites horror and amazement.
But these abominable events are the
result Of war, the flower Of milttar.
ism. Oppose war. not its results.
13. ALE nations are guilty OF
atrocities; but the number Is greatly
exaggerated; only a few low natures
commit them and often when drunk,
Atrocities are circulated TO increase
hatred between nations, to make
soldiers fight harder and to gain
sympathy from neatrals.
IA. War may cease as soon as
instruments of destruction kill non
combatants at home, causing fear,
-sleeplessness and Worry; or when a
referendum requires those voting for
war to go to the front first For
is, II a citizen has a right 10
vote for Mayor, Governor or Pres
ident. he certainly las the right to
vote as to whether bis body shall
be food for cannon.
16. The poor suffer greatest, not
only because they 90 most of the
fighting but their families are further
impoverished by the rich who make
money out Of the misery, escape
military service and danger and
never fear for want Of necessities.
Thus hoaolony which is prevalent in
times of peace becomes intensified
in war.
II. Mans poor management Of the
world is shown In his allowing one
per cent Of society lcriminals) to
cause so much trouble, but the ar
rangements between nations, called
diplomacy, appears infinitely worse.
For
IS. Love between nations Is a
myth: mutual suspicion ia the fact,
because diplomats co officially by
secret alliance what they would be
ashamed Of privately.
10. Civilization is necessarily
superficial, for il has existed only
about six thousand years, while
barbarism is hundreds Of thousands
Of years old.
20. Much can be said for military
discipline, but how can the superior
mental qualities of a nation be
developed under passive obedience?
For the most noble sentiments in
civil life as pity, love and charity
are absolutely opposed To war, the
object Of military discipline. The
soldier must learn 10 Kill with
neither emotion nor seruple. The
faithful warrior would cruelty Christ
If commanded.
q. Military genius condemns
a Napoleon said. Brute force
can create nothing durable;" the
Duke Of Wellington called war "a
detestable thing; Washington con
sidered it 'the plague Of mankind;
Franklin said. There never was a
good war nor bad peace" we know
what Sherman said. Sheridan said
war would eliminate itself, and
Emerson called it ian epidemic Of
insanity.
% Arguments for war are similar