davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-10-16
Mexican Village on
Rio Grande Raided

MISSION, Tex, Oct 16-Reports
reached here today of bandit raid at
Crangeno, a Mexican village on the
Ria Grande, six miles southeast of
Mission.
The firing could be heard at Madero
City.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-10-16
Now you have another chance
to do your you can buy
another Liberty Bond.
WEATHER FORECAST

For Indiana by United States Wealth.
er Forecast-Fair, continued cool to-
night with frost exposed places In
north portion. Wednesday partly
cloudy.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-10-16
PEAT'S TALK
AIDS LIBERTY
LOAN CANVASS
Increased Interest Shown In
Bond Sale AS Result of
Patriotic Speech.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 1s.-rreas-
ury officials declared today that
unless all signs fail" the Liberty
Loan will have reached It's first
$1,000,000,000, in subscriptions by
tonight.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-10-16
FOE SUCCESS
AROUND RIGA
TO MAKE GULF
GERMAN LAKE
Naval and Military DONNA
tion of Baltic Seen AS Re-
suit of Victories On Russ
ian Front.
WINTER TO Be HELP

PETROGRAD, Oct. 16.-The Ger
man landing forces on the Russian
island Oesel is developing its success,
the Russian war ONCE announced to-
day, and the Teutons are being rein
forced with additional troops.
The Germans have Instituted an Of
fensive against the Svorb peninsula.
In the southwestern section Of the
island, with the object OF capturing
the Russian batteries at Serel. These
batteries cover the entrance to the
Gulf of Riga.
BERLIN, Oct 16 (via London)-
The Germans have taken full posses
sion of the main portion of Oesel
island at the entrance to the Gulf OF
Riga, the war office reports. The Rus
slams have been isolated on SVorb
peninsula and offering desperate re-
sistance.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-10-16
Private Peat's Pokes

"a man may come back with an arm
or q leg off but that's better than be-
ing damned Stacker. God help the
Stacker when the boys come home.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01
Beautiful Grounds

| The planting Of bays or the masking
! OF walks and drives is one of the fine
arts in landscape decoration. If care
and skill are exercised, the interest of
the visitor will not be allowed to flag,
for at each turn in the road some new
beauty will appear. The sense Of dis
covery is an important one to be graft
fed. The skillful planter realizes this
and takes advantage of the curves in
the road to shut out for the time being
those objects of interest and beauty
which lie beyond. From the nature Of
the result desired. tall-growing decid-
uous trees are not suited to this char
acter of planting. Masking groups
must be dense enough and tall enough
to shut out the view. They must not
be formal, but should lose their out
lines gradually and grade harmonious
ly off into the greensward or grosser
planting. according to the general
character of that part of the grounds.
The same rules in regard to harmony
and variety hold for masking groups
as for those designed as shelter belts
or as screens
To tremendously arrange trees,
shrubs, and herbaceous plants, and at
tour of the place. to the architecture
of the buildings, and to the convent
ence of the walks and drives, is the
aim of. the landscape gardener. AS
his guide and model he takes Nature.
and in so far as she is followed his
work is pleasing. Every successful at
tempt to adorn farm yard city lot
a suburban place, or a park has val
liable influence upon the community
in which it is situated. 1t furnishes
an object lesson which others will at
tempt to follow, and in this way it
serves the useful purpose of stimulat-
ing in others love for the beautiful in
nature. Fortunately, the beauty which
is produced by ornamental paintings
can not be selfshly kept for the exc1u-
sive use of its owner; every passer- by
can take the full measure of his ca
pacity without in the least detracting
from the value of the plantation to its
owner. Every person who plants
tree is 2 public benefactor.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01
THE SECRET OF GOOD POTATO CULTURE
BY l.. II. WALDRON.

It is said that one must start with
ones grandparents if satisfactory
human being is to be produced. Like
wise in potato culture, one must start
at least with the parents of the potato
if the maximum crop is to be pro-
duced
1t is a common belief that If we
purchase a variety of potatoes from
scotsman, that we have secured just
one variety. This is true in measure.
If The scotsman is reliable, he will send
us a lot of potatoes that is uniform in
regard to color depth of eyes, earli-
ness of maturing, and other qualities
But unless this particular lot has been
pedigreed, which is unlikely, then the
scotsman has not sent us one thing
but many things.
The farmer can demonstrate this
\ fact to his own satisfaction. At dig
ging time let him lay off portion of
row containing 100 hills. In order to
show this, each hill must have come
from only one piece Of seed. The 100
hills are dug and the tubers Of each
hill are kept by themselves on top Of
the hill The products of the 100
hills are now ready to be studied. At
first glance, the hills may appear to
run very uniformly. A little closer view
will reveal the fact that about the only
thing that is uniform is that they are
all potatoes.
The first hill has one large one, two
mediums sized ones and half dozen
small ones. The next hill has one
medium-sized one and several small
ones. Perhaps the next hill has 3 or 4
good-sized ones. Another hill has a
solitary tuber, but of good size. Per-
haps another hill has nothing but little
runts. Thus it goes through the 100
hills.
Now l am sure that the ordinary
farmer-that 80 farmers out of every
100, will pick up the tubers from all of
the hills and put them all together. He
does this complacently and with salts
faction. His fathers did it before him
and all of his neighbors do it. Why
should not he? Along in January, he
will begin to read the seed catalogs and
wonder why on earth, or under it, he
can not raise such splendid crops of
potatoes as he sees pictured.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01

and sowbugs. OF these the maggota
, are the most generally injurious. the
mites following in order of importance
owing to the difficulty with which their
eradication is accomplished, and then
come springtails and sowbugs in the
order named.
The injurious forms commonly
known as mushroom maggots" are
small, whitish or yellowish-white mag
COTS, usually having black heads. They
are the larvae, or young, of certain
small two-winged fungus gnats or
flies. usually black or blackish in color.
and belonging to several species. They
are minute, measuring only about one
tenth inch in length and about one
eighth inch in spread of wings. They
are rapid and prolific breeders. espe-
cially during warm weather, frequent
ly occurring in mushroom houses SO
abundantly as to darken the windows.
The mushroom mite is minute,
soft-bodied mite, smooth skinned, and
white or whitish in color. 1t is closely
allied to the common cheese mite and
resembles that species in appearance.
1t becomes, at times, so abundant in
mushroom beds as to cover the surface
of the compost; when present in such
numbers it is extremely destructive,
feeding upon the mushrooms in all
stages and penetrating the beds and
destroying the mycelium. Indeed. in
one case observed. the mycelium was
destroyed as fast as it was produced.
At times the surface of a mushroom
bed becomes alive with minute brown
or black insects which, when disturbed
leap about like fleas in an extremely
cratic manner. These are known as
springtails, since the springing is per-
formed by the aid of two short bristles
situated on the end segment of the alb
domen. These insects are often at
tracted to the manure used as COM
post where they feed on the decaying
vegetable matter present. but on occa-
sion they may become very injurious in
mushroom houses. A correspondent in
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01

ciation, the stationery, postage tele.
Grams, and other miscellaneous items
Inc money to meet these costs is co.
cured either by charging the grower a
rxed sum per crate or else a certain
percentage Of the gross returns Fre.
quentiy there is a surplus which is re-
funded to the members after tho shin-
ping season is over.
Another difficulty that has increased
with the development of the industry
and the growing practice of shippins
strawberries over long distances is the
scarcity of labor at picking time. In
order that the berries shall reach n
distant market in good condition. il Is
necessary to pick them regularly and
at the proper time. The demand for
pickers is, therefore, very great On
the other hand, idleness, due to a few
rainy days, may cause the pickers to
migrate to another section, causing
considerable loss to the growers they
leave. To offset this tendency, the ~.
port suggests that pickers should be
guaranteed . minimum number of
working days within the limits of the
normal harvesting season.
Last season the heaviest shipments
took place between May o and May 26.
While this may be a little later than
the average, it is probab BILE that in most
years the strawberry movement will
reach its height about this time. Dur
ing this period growers in Norfolk,
Virginia, in the Carolinas, and in Ten
nessee, three Of the most important
producing sections in the United States
make their heaviest shipments.
New York and the district around It
received more carlots Of strawberries
than any other city Chicago came
next Boston third. Cincinnati fourth,
Pittsburgh fifth, and Philadelphia
sixth. The relatively small number of
cars of strawberries shipped to Phila-
delphia is accounted for in part by the
fact that this city receives large guam
titles of strawberries from nearby dis
tricts which are shipped in less than
carload lots. Many small towns. the
report says. which do not now receive
full carlots of strawberries could prob
ably be turned into profitable markets
to the advantage of both the straw
berry grower and the consumer.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01

The hill that bore 8 or 4 good-sized
tubers is the one to fasten our eyes on.
That is the hill that has ability and the
one that we should get next to. Many
farmers will say that we can not get
good crops if potato hills do not contain
more than or tubers This is where
they are short on arithmetic.
We will assume for the sake of argu-
ment that we have 3 tubers to every
hill and that the total weight of the 8
tubers is Y lbs. There is nothing alb
surd in this for often an individual tu-
Der will weigh more. We will further
assume that our rows are 31a feet
apart and that our hills are feet
apart in the row. This is open plant
ing. probably more open than is COM
monty practiced. At this rate of plant
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01
CARE OF THE HEN AND CHICKS

on the chickens, as it will stop their
growth and in some cases may prove
fatal.
The brood coop should be cleaned at
least once week and kept free from
mites. If mites are found in the coop,
1t should be thoroughly cleaned and
sprayed with Kerosene oil or crude
petroleum. From 1 to 2 inches of sand
or dry dirt or thin layer of straw or
fine hay should be spread on the floor
of the coop. Brood coops should be
moved weekly to fresh ground. prefer
ably where there is new grass. Shade
Is very essential in rearing chickens.
especially turing warm weather;
therefore, the coops should be placed
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01
THE MULE.

No one knows when the gentle,
ireamy-eyed mule broke into history,
says a writer in the Globe Demo-
crat-" But he edged or kicked his
way in somehow or other, has held his
flace for some years, and one of the
latest chapters in which he figured
was the torpedoing of the Armenian.
He is distinctly an American prod
uct. There are mules abroad, but
they are not real mules The compan-
ionship of the Negro and the climate
OF the Southern States and the south
ern portion of the Central States are
required to bring the mule to his full
development.
The southern planter depends al
most altogether on Missouri for his
mules. Roughly speaking, mules are
divided into classes. the cotton and the
sugar mule. The latter is the better
grade. the huge, built animals
which are used on the sugar planta-
tons of the far south, while the cotton
mule is smaller and better adapted for
use in the cotton fields.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01

Of many of the details connected with
the disposal Of his crop and in some
cases even maintain a labor bureau
for securing the much needed help
during the picking season. In certain
cases. too, number of local organiza-
tons by concerted action have secured
a high degree of uniformity in the
grade and pack Of the berries. which is
reflected in the better price obtained
on the markets
The expenses of these associations
may be classified into certain well-de-
fined items. viz: the salaries of the
manager. the other officers. the inspec-
tors. and the necessary help. the rental
or taxes on loading sheds, depreciation
of the property belonging to the assoc
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01
WHITE D1ARRHKA.

Fowls which have recovered ffom
bacillary white diarrhea may carry
the germs in their bodies thFoNghose
their whole life. In the case Of hens
some eggs will be infected md some
will not. 1t Is utterly impossible to
ascertain which eggs are free and
which are infected, 50 NO eggs from
an infected hen should ever b uBsd
for Matching. These disease germs
are perfectly harmless to human b.
ings, so that both the meat and eggs
from infected hens Is az wholesome
as though the bird had never beam
diseased. The case Of a fowl which
has recovered from bacillary wh3ts
diarrhea 10 comparable to the pefsoa
who has what Is commonly known -
walking typhoid They both die.
seminate a disease without appearing
to suffer from 1t themselves.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01

in the shade whenever possible. A
cornfield makes fine range for young
chickens, as owing to cultivation OF
the ground, they get many bugs and
worms and have fresh soil to run on
most of the time and enjoy abundant
shade.
All the chickens should be toe
punched or marked before they are
transferred to The brooder or brood
coop. so that their ages and breeding
readily can be determined after they
are matured Farmers frequently
keep old hens on their farms and kill
the younger hens and pullets, because
they are unable to distinguish between
them after the pullets have matured.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01
HOW TO CONTROL MUSHROOM PESTS
By c. H. POPENOE.

st. Louis, Mo-. reported that Nm one Of
his mushroom houses bed $50 feet in
length had been completely destroyed
by these pests, which attacked the
mushrooms as fast as they appeared.
homecoming them and rendering
them unfit for use.
Considerable injury is often accom-
plished to mushroom beds through the
attacks of oval. grayish or slate-col-
ored creatures bearing seven pairs~of
legs called sowbugs. These insects fire..
quent damp, dark places, such as those
beneath boards. in cellars and in tho
cracks of sidewalks. When disturbed,
many species roll up to form ball, ly-
ing quite still until the danger Is past.
During the night they issue from their
Kidding places to feed upon decaying
vegetable matter, molds and other ma
terial present in damp soils, although
at times the roots of plants and even
the green leaves are not eschewed.
Prevention of damages to cultivated
mushrooms by insects and other crea-
lures, begins with the construction Of
mushroom house, which should be az
tight as possible, with outlets capable
of being tightly closed. The windows
and ventilators should be screened
with fine wire gauze. as this forms an
excellent prevention against the en-
trance Of the small fungus gnats or
flies and the mites which they carry.
Mushroom spawn should be pur.
chased only from reliable dealers, ~
otherwise insects may be introduced
with the spawn. AS gnats may also DO
brought into the house through the
agency Of manure, special attention
should be given to fermenting the
compost uniformly to insure q heat
which is sufficient to destroy maggots
and other pests that may be present in
the manure. Where soil is infested the
soil of the benches should be sterilized
by heating to temperature Of 1907
F., while fumigation with carbon d.
sulphid just previous to spawning i
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01
W".i Formed Potato.

= Now the point l am getting at is,
that our variety is not unit. In our
100 bills that we have dug, close study
m:sh. reveal the presence of at least 10
strains or varieties instead of the one
that we thought we had. The hill that
hcre the little runts has the runt char
a. ter as a habit. 1t is going to persist
for years and every time we plant seed
OF that It ain, we will know to a GER
tainty that we will harvest little pota-
to 3. The hill that produced one or
two large and several small ones is a
common feature of potato fields. It is
a good deaf like most people. 1t is
neither very bad nor very good. It is
just medium.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01

The proper brooding of chickens is
one of the most difficult operations on
many poultry farms especially for the
beginner. Many poultry Keepers VINO
are able to obtain good egg yields ana
fair matches make a failure OF BROOD
ing chickens, either in raising only
small percentage of the chickens
Matched or in failing to rear strong.
vigorous birds which develop into good
breeding stock Brooding is still in the
experimental stage, and no one system
has given perfect satisfaction.
Setting hens should be confined to
slightly darkened nests at Matching
time and not disturbed unless they
step on or pick their chickens when
Matching, in which case the chickens
should be removed as soon as dry, in
a basket lined with flannel or some
other warm material, and kept near
fire until all the eggs are Matched; or
the eggs may be removed and placed
under quieter hen whose eggs are
Matching at the same time.
An incubator may also be used to
keep the earliest Matched chickens
warm, in case they are removed from
the nest If the eggs hatch unevenly,
those which are slow in Matching may
be placed under other hens, as hens
often get restless after part of the
chickens are out allowing the remain
ing eggs to become cooled at the very
time when steady heat is necessary.
Remove the eggs shells and any eggs
which have not Matched as soon as the
Matching is over Hens should be fed
as soon as possible after the eggs are
Matched, as feeding tends to keep them
quiet; otherwise many hens will leave
the nest. In most cases it is best that
the hen remain on the nest and brood
the chickens for at least "a hours after
the Matching is over.
Powder the hen with a good insect
powder before moving her and the
chickens to the brood coop. The hen
should be busted every two weeks or
as often as necessary until the chickens
are weaned. If lice become thick on
the chickens, or If they are troubled
with head lice" very little grease
such as lard or vaselne, may be APP
piled with the fingers on the head
neck, under the wings, and around the
vent. Great care should be taken
however. not to get too much grease
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01

Cultivated mushrooms are subject
to attack by variety of pests. espe-
cially during warm weather. Some OF
these may be brought into the house
in the compost of which the beds are
composed, attacking the mushrooms
through preference, while others feed
normally upon mushrooms. and are at
tracted from the wild forms outside
through the greater abundance OF
their natural food plant in the cult
waited beds. Injury by these pests fire.
quently becomes serious.
The insect and other pests which
usually attack cultivated mushrooms.
and those of which complaints are
most frequently made, may be divided
roughly into four classes, namely,
mushroom maggots, mites, springtails,
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01
WHAT HUNiUS is.

Humus is the substance formed in
the soil by decaying vegetable matter,
such as leaves, stubble, roots, manure,
crop plowed under and so on. Humus
not only comprises elements of plant
food itself, but it has the power of
holding the necessary nitrates of fer
tile soil to prevent their escaping
through washing or other means. It
also has the effect of a sponge in abb
sorbing and holding moisture in posi-
ton and form available for the use Of
growing plants and aids in keeping the
soil porous. Humus is indispensable
to plant growth. Poor crops are in
many cases due to its lack.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01

ing, there will be 5000 hills per acre,
assn ming nearly perfect stand With
u pounds per hill. we would have a
field Of 1875 bushels per acre, a yield
worth striving for by the majority of
farmers.
Now it may be that the hill with the
or good tubers will not breed true
but the chances are that it will. The
offspring of this hill is almost certain
to produce a certain percentage of
small tubers but we may count upon
it that it will produce lesser percent
age of small tubers than the average
hill.
The above facts that I have given
are entirely accurate and what is more
to the point. they may be put into APP
plication by any farmer of ordinary
intelligence with the effect of largely
increasing his potato yields, provided
always that he uses proper methods of
seed preparation, planting and tillage.
While only medium amount of intel
ligence is necessary, it does require en-
thusiasm and determination.
What farmer should do at potato
digging time is to dig a fair sized
patch, leaving each hill by itself. After
the patch is dug, he should carefully
go over the patch and select out those
hills that have few tubers of good size.
The tubers from those hills should be
sacked by themselves and laid away
for seed for the year following. If he
is particular he may not be able to find
more than 10 hills to his liking. In
the springtime these should be treated
by themselves and planted in sepa-
rate patch. The second years product
from the 10 hills will be sufficient to
plant quite piece of ground, perhaps
as much as the farmer desires.
II the farmer wants to follow
method even better and more accurate
than this, he should plant each of the
~ nils in little plat by itself. This
requires that each hill will be sacked
separately at planting time. If the 10
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-01
MARKETING THE STRAWBERRY CROP

report of the detailed study Of the
marketing and distribution of straw
berries made by the U. S. Department
Of Agriculture contains much interest
ing information. The material for this
report was obtained last year, but
much of the information contained in
it is believed to hold true year after
year.
The investigators found that with
the increase of the Importance of the
industry more elaborate methods for
the disposal Of the crop have become
necessary. Practically every import
ant producing section has one or more
i m o + a n t marketing associations.
These organizations relieve the grower