davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Perth Amboy evening news., 1917-01-12

from her colonies to other than Eng
lish ports. Thereupon the hides of
Canada, India and Australia went to
Great Britain, which also competed
vigorously for the hides of the Ar
gentine. But even with all this.
Great Britain has been obliged to
obtain large importations of leather
from the United States. This coun-
try has been unable to obtain any
thlng like enough kid and calfskin
to meet the rising demand. Germany,
percelving the importance of con-
serving its supply of cattle, set an
example in prohibiting the killing of
calves, which has been followed by
other of the belligerent nations.
Their demand for the products of
the United States brought unwonted
prosperity to this country. A rising
and extraordinary demand for leather
for consumption in this country fol-
lowed in its wake. The phenomenal
expansion in the manufacture of au-
tomobiles meant phenomenal in
crease in the use of leather. The
rapid wearing out of appliances con-
sequent upon the running Of mills
night and day and the erection of
new mills compelled the consump-
ton of leather as never before in
provision of the betting that trans
mits the power of the stationary en-
gine to the machine. There was the
necessity for replenishing the shoes
that had been worn beyond repair.
When everyone had found employ
ment wages had begun to rise and
money to become plentiful; every
body bought new shoes and different
kinds of shoes.
On top of all this came the fashion
of short skirts for women, which
brought the wearing of shoes with
high tops A good part of the atten-
ton that women had given to their
headgear came to be devoted to their
footgear. They have required shoes
of one color to match gown of that
color and shoes Of another color to
match a gown of that color Just at
the time when goatskins have become
Iobtainable only in diminished quanti-
ties, calfskins no longer procurable
from Europe and the dyes needed to
give uppers the desired colors cannot
Perth Amboy evening news., 1917-01-12

tanned both for consumption in the
united States and to be re-exported
lor manufacture in Europe.
-. or many years prior to the war
the United States produced only
about half the calfslxins transformed
INTO leather in it's tanneries; the re-
naming half was imported largely
from Europe and especially from
Russia, where more of veal is eaten
and tanneries are few.
The hides of which. sole leather is
made are obtained in large quantities
from the packing houses of this coun-
try. and they are also imported in
large quantities from South America,
from the far Last, from Africa and
from India.
The importation cf hides, the thick
covering of the heavy animal and of
SKINS, the covering of the lighter ami
mai mas, of course, been greater in a
time OF prosperity than in time of
depression. In the months immedi-
ately preceding the war the indus
tries of the United States were not
Hourishing. Throughout the coun-
try shoes were being patched and
half soled, worn until they were worn
out. Great stocks of leather had ac-
cumulated in the warehouses. Com
petition of other countries had be-
come very effective. The tanners of
Canada We're extending sales in the
United States, and those of Germany
were active in marketing their wares,
especially the fine grades of calf
skin, in the manufacture of which
they excel Not long after the out
break of the conflict in Europe came
the demand of the warning nations
that rapidly depleted the stocks of
leather in this country For the
millions of soldiers shoes were
needed that could be worn on the
march, in the trench and in the as
sault. The supply had often to be
replenished because pair of shoes
seldom endures the rough wear OF
the infantrymen longer than 80 days;
it often happens that he needs two
pairs In this time. After obtaining
footwear for their armies for nearly
year from the United States the
allies determined to manufacture 1,
within their own confines. England
prohibited the expectation Of hides
Perth Amboy evening news., 1917-01-12
SHORTAGE OF LEATHER
CAUSED BY THE WAR

OF the leather consumed In the
United States it may roughly be esti-
mated that about 10 or rs per cent.
enters into footwear, perhaps 10 per
cent. into upholstery, predominantly
of automobiles; perhaps 10 per cent.
into the betting of machinery and
other mechanism of manufacturing,
the remainder into trunks, travelling
bags, pocketbooks, gloves and into
the finer artistic leather products.
The consumption of leather In
which everybody is concerned is of
that in shoes. The animals whose
flesh is most suitable for meat pro-
duce the hides that are most largely
made into leather. Although meat
has become less of necessity in the
diet of every day, virtually every
person has his feet encased in leath-
er during waking hours. That in
crease and diffusion of the human
race in the United States and it's per-
sistent onslaught upon the food ami
NAL, which have caused a diminish
ing per capita consumption of meat,
have brought 1t about that not
enough hides and skins are grown in
this country to meet the demand of
it's people for shoes
The uppers of shoes are made
principally of kid, the vamps of
SnoeS 1or women Oh klu, OF tHoSe lor
men of calfskin, and the soles are
made of the hide Of the COW, the
bull or the steer.
Kid is made of the skin of the
goat. There are comparatively few
goats raised in the United States.
They abound in portions of Europe,
especially in Spain; in South Ameri-
ca, in India, China and Australia.
In many of these countries their
milk is of the drink and their flesh
of the food of the inhabitants, but
their skins are shipped to the more
advanced nations to be tanned for
conversion into shoes and gloves.
The greater proportion Of these
skins have been imported into the
United States, where they have been
Perth Amboy evening news., 1917-01-12
40 Unmarried from Germany.

be imported from IeIHlahy.
The European demand for leather
due to the war has acted as mighty
suction. drawing hides and skins from
other countries and tanned leather
from the United States in unprece-
dented quantities. Because Oh tiie
diminishing supply in relation to the
demand for consumption IN tEo
Gaitod- Gtates- -soleS of shooe NJ.
been made in larger measure VI
leather from the hide of the horse,
and this has been used to an extent
in the yamps. There has been an ex-
tending use for vamps of the thlcker
and heavier leather made of the h1des
of cattle, and to an increasing oegree
calf has been used instead or KID TOT
uppers. The skin of the sheep Is
also being used not only for the rae
ing of shoes but in many cases LOT
the uppers. Notwithstanding its lack
Of durability. The warning hatlons'
moreover, are using the skin of the
sheep with the wool on in coats made
for the wear Of their soldiers. There
fore it is that sheepskin for ladies.
purses and other delicate articles OF
use and ornament Is scarce.
There is no reason to wonder that
leather for high-grade shoes, which
two years ago with difficulty round
market at thirty-fve cents a pound,
is not now Iorlncoiiiiii5 III uoo GU
quantities at seventy-five cents a
pound; that leather of every kind
has advanced in price from so per
cent to 200 per cent. 1t is no Won
der that many kinds Of leather are
not to be had here at any price.
Buckskin made of the hide of the
deer is more frequently used, and al
ligator skin, SO long out of vogue, is
coming in again. Manufacturers are
Of n1n in OF
of leather for the uppers of cheaper
shoes.
Even the disturbance in Mexico
has had it's effect in diminishing the
supply of pigskin for trunks, hand
bags and other articles of lasting
durability Although the so-called
fancy grades of pigskin are from the
pig Of England that is carefully pro-
tected from barbwire fences and
other sources of damage to his coat.
the pigskin of commerce as a rule is
not that of the domestic animal.
When our barnyard pig is killed the
bristles are removed, but the skin ac-
companies ham and side of bacon TO
the retail market and even to the
table. The pigskin of commerce is
made from the hide Of the wild anil
NAL that has no chance to put all his
feet in trough at once. but strug-
giles for existence in the Businesses Of
Mexico.
The leather industry has been af-
ficted with other of the troubles that
have affected all of our industries in
these last two years. Hides and
leather and leather products have
been delayed In transit because of
the shortage of cars and the embar-
goes the railroads at times have been
obliged to place upon shipments. The
operation of the tanneries has been
hindered by the lack of laborers;
Perth Amboy evening news., 1917-01-12

they have been attracted to the mu-
nitions factories that have offered
common labor higher wages than
many skilled workmen were wont to
receive The skilled foremen of the
tanneries have remained at their
work with reasonable steadiness, but
the men whom they direct in apply
prevents putrefactioD.>fn the scrSpine
away of hair and bristles and in tn
application of the oil that makes
them smooth and pliable have be-
come shifting lot. The time Of
need for the greatest supply of leath-
er and the greatest efficiency in its
manufacture has conceded with
relatively diminishing supply and a
diminishing efficiency in it's produce
ton.
LOGAN G. MCPHERSON.
In the New York Sun.
Perth Amboy evening news., 1917-01-12
BEEKEEPERS ADJOURN.
Plan For New Ways Of Marketing
Honev

Plan For New Ways Of Marketing
Honey
New Brunswick, Jan. 12.-Members
of the State Beekeepers' association at
their convention were informed that
new methods Of marketing honey will
be sought during the year. DR.. J. G..
Lipman, director Of the New Jersey ex.
perimental station, said DR.. T. S. Head.
ley and other members of the faculty
would strive to arrange a better Or
ganizat' IN Of the honey producers with
the aim Of marketing their product
with less cost than heretofore.
r. ,. Barclay Of RKerton was elect.
ed president. Other officers chosen are: {:
Vice presidents, G. Fl. Root of Red
Bank, G. D. Cheney Of Hoboken and T.
q. Diener of Essex Falls; secretary.
treasurer, e. G. Carr of New Egypt.
The twice-a-week Twin Falls times. (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1916-1918, 1917-03-27
WILL REPRESENT TWIN
FALLS IN STATE CONTEST
Gertrude Smith Chosen Because Of
Splendid Work. Done In Declama-
tory Meet.

The home declamatory contest, held
in the high school auditorium a few
days ago, resulted in the selec-
ton of Gertrude Smith as the local
high school representative for the
state declamatory contest, to be held
at Caldwell in April. The contest was
the best ever held in this school, both
from the standpoint of program and
attendance.
Reed Harris, Clarence Dean and
Joseph Smith were the contestants
in the declamatory division, Reed Har-
ris taking first place. Our National
Flag" was the title of his selection.
Lola Duffy, Kate Montgomery and
Lunetta Smith rendered humorous Sc
lections of which, 1.-THE Day of Pre-
cious Penalties" given by Kate Mont
gomery was considered the best.
The winner of first place in the
dramatic division was exceedingly
hard to choose. Michael Thometz gave
1.-THE Bishops Candlesticks", taken
from Les Miserables. Patricia Wynn
The twice-a-week Twin Falls times. (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1916-1918, 1917-03-27
MANY CHANGES IN
IDAHO SCHOOL LAWS
Passed by the Legislature at Its
Recent Session.

House Bill No. 115-This bill
changes the upper limit of the COM
pulsOry period from eighteen to six
teen years of age.
House Bill No 11S-This bill con-
tains two small amendments perfect
ing the act passed in 1913 to guaran-
tee free high school tuition to all
children of high school grade in the
state:
% Authorizes the County Superin-
tendents to draw order for county
warrants to transfer tuition to anoth-
er county;
CD Provides that for the purpose
of the Article only such high school
work will be credited as is approved
by the State Board of Education or
the County superintendent.
House Bill No. 257-This bill fixes
The twice-a-week Twin Falls times. (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1916-1918, 1917-03-27

gave "The Masters Violin" and Ger
trude Smith gave THE Dawn of To-
morrow" After a length discussion
by the judges Miss Smith was given
first place in the dramatic division
and she was also chosen to represent
the school at Caldwell.
A large measure of the success of
the affair is due Miss Ruth B. Morse
who coached the contestants and SUI
perintended the entire function.
The twice-a-week Twin Falls times. (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1916-1918, 1917-03-27

are transacting business in Oakley this
week.
Mrs. Bacon visited at the Honroth
home Friday.
Ralph Day and Miss Georgia Stew
art were guests at the Pettijohn home
Friday evening.
Frank Somson has been buying more
hay as it is so much later than US
usal for spring to open.
The twice-a-week Twin Falls times. (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1916-1918, 1917-03-27
ARTESIAN CITY NOTES

John Armstead is busy doing his
spring blowing.
Mrs. John McMenimen and Mrs. R.
B. Rendell were visitors at the Ter
rill home Thursday.
Mrs. Chris Arstein is in Twin Falls
this week.
Gus Callen was a guest at the H. S
Randell home Sunday evening
A. ]. Fuller and frankie Terrell
The Pulaskian., 1917-04-20

at Davis Chapel. He says he likes the Davis Chapel girls just fine and one especially. We wonder which one that is.
 MT. and Mrs Sullivan Gillian spent Saturday night with MT. and Mrs. Guy Gillian.
 Robert Haynie made a business trip to Little Rock Monday.
 Mildred, the infant daughter of MT and Mrs. R. A. Toney, has been i'll for the past week, but is improving.
 Tom Dobbins and family were vis- iting in Brushy Island Sunday
 Singing Sunday night at MT. Marion Morris was enjoyed by quite'a crowd
 Claude Dobbins of Argenta has been visiting Tom Dobbins the past week.
 Lee Gosnell and the Misses Hattie and Lena Hall and Miss Alice Morden were motoring in the Davis Chapel Vi cinity Sunday afternoon.
 MT w P c. Tongue, was the first in this vicinity to plant cotton this spring.
 A large crowd was present at the dances Friday night and Saturday night, given by MT. Jim Nichols and MT. John Tolbert
 Hazel and Oscar Lewis are both very sick this week.
The Pulaskian., 1917-04-20
First Prize in the Pulaskian's
 Literature Contest for March

Winners of prizes announced in The Puas kian in the literature contest, area folowss
 First prize best story o a deed, Mrs C. C. Jackln prize story, Mrs C. C. JackIn
 prize, an Edna O. Jones'
 writer sent p Mr e C. kn of Deserving of honorable mention Nanny" Mary L. Valentine This sketch will be published together the stories 
 must enclose stamped envelope witt pictures.
 the first prize is as follows:
 A BRAVE "A TRUE STORY
 c. C.. Jackln
 sheltered and pampd some told loving so anything in the power of su shirked supd accordingly but of spolng hence this story afternoon When we drew near grocery patronized nehbor little son and father the store motorcycle cuged past the horses reared flung both when the rider of the motorcycle gave frightened Lorena shouted command to the children in while stood frozen with horror like pendulum about the ps them don't know but when
  pampered calmly holding covering safely down that breast feels children and useful citizens
The Pulaskian., 1917-04-20
:. MAUMEEEE ITEMS. ':'

We had nice Sunday school at 10 o'clock Sunday and singing in the afternoon at H. c. Boshears.
 There was party at MT Bost's Sat urday night.
 There was a meeting of the Eastern Star at Cross Roads last Saturday.
 Jesse Martindale visited home folks and friends at this place Saturday and Sunday.
 Frank Ault, John Ault and Miss Louist Ault visited their mother near North Point Saturday and Sunday and attended party at the w. B. Worth en place Saturday night
 Miss Anice Bost was the guest of Miss Linnie Holladay Sunday
 Y. A. Ball was the guest of MT. Fred Holladay Sunday.
 G. E. Parish made a business trip to Moulton last week.
 Fred Holladay and Alfred Bost made a business trip to Roland last week.
 Joe Henson and family of Neimeyer Camp visited their father, H. c. Do- shears, Saturday and Sundayq.
 c. E. Waderns, our merchant, made business trip to Little Rock last week and got new line of goods in his new store. Come and buy from the big, busy store everybody.
The Pulaskian., 1917-04-20
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 z: OLMSTEAD. *'

Everybody is busy planting corn this week We are having nice wealth CT now to plant our seeds.
 MT. Dave Roberts and family visit ed their daughter at Little Rock Sun day
 Mrs. Stanley spent last week with her sister in Missouri
 Mrs. E. Stanley and son and Mrs. C. Jordan were the dinner guests of Miss Cora Toney Sunday.
 MT. Ellis Adams visited friends in Olmstead from Friday until Sunday.
 There were few people disap- pointed last Saturday night by not having society meeting Miss Flossie Roberts said, "If she had known she would break up the society by speak ing for them she would not have spoken"
 Mrs. G. Blucker and Mrs. Belle Garrett were the guests of Mrs. !. Williams Sunday.
 Virgil Dawson visited one of his friends Saturday night and they fed him on lemon pie On his way home he stopped at MT. Heads at the mu- sical entertainment and they gave him piece of chocolate cake. Virgil re- piled, eff I had known everybody was going to feed me on sweets I would have come long ago"
 Walker Holland and family were out joy riding in their new car Mon day.
 Dr. M E. Stanley and Oscar Bluelz- CT motored to the city Monday.
 Jeff Office has got him big car.
 MT. Wirt was in this town Sunday.
 If you wish to have some sewing done just call on Miss Hazel Holt
 Monroe Braden and family were the guests of MT. Morden Sunday.
 Will Garrett and family were the guests of MT. and Mrs. Garvin Sun day
The Pulaskian., 1917-04-20

tie Rock were weekend guests of the formers parents, MT. and Mrs. L. H. Lemaster.
 MT. and Mrs. B. F. Karr entertained a number of their friends Sunday af- ternoon.
 A kodaking party, was given Wednesday afternoon complimentary to James Cotton, formerly of North Point, now visiting relatives of Pu- laski Heights and who was a guest at the home of J. T. Crowson.
 MT. and Mrs. Slime Singley spent the weekend in Douglasville called there by the serious illness of Mrs. singley's mother Mrs. Robert Scott.
 Dick Stiles, who is working in the Bauxite mines, spent the weekend with his father, J. D. Stiles.
 Mrs. Ballou's parents and son of Little Rock were her guests Sunday
 Grandpa Stiles, who has been quite i'll, is improving.
 Mrs. Williams, who has recently moved on the Mcintosh farm, was p guest of Mrs. J. T. Crowson Monday afternoon.
 Prof. J. D. Hill came in from his school and spent the weekend at home.
 Miss Irma Hill was the guest of Miss Ethel Crowson Saturday
 Mrs. J. D. Hill and Misses Irma, Blanche, Beatrice and Nina Hill and Misses Viva and Lillian Lemaster at tended an ice cream social at Mar tindale Friday night.
 The men who have an interest in the dipping vat on J. T. Crowson's farm will meet Saturday and will re- fill and do what is needed to repair it.
The Pulaskian., 1917-04-20
:: CROSS ROADS MUTTERINGs. < :. :. .. *. z. z. :. .:s s. Ss .* z. 4 z. .s

The weather is warm and sunshiny now Spring time is here. Everybody is feeling fine and everybody is trying to get their corn and cotton all plant ed They plant corn and cotton in the day time and go to parties at night. There was a party at MT Bass Saturday night and one at John Holmes Monday night and Mir Paul Churchill is going to give a party. to- night.
 Miss Cinderella Hale is visiting her sister, Mrs. Churchill
 Miss Mary Glazes visited her moth CT Saturday and Snday. She wont back to Little Rock Monday
 M F.. Roller and wife were the guests of Mrs. Harding Sunday.
 G. w. Ackerson and wife and Mir Geib were out car riding Sunday
 D. Mckay and son, Edgar, and Mir, P Brian, MT. Jess Morgan and wife and Miss Maggie Morgan were at 1T. J. Hardings Sunday
 Miss Susie Kyler was the guest of Miss Josie and Hazel George Sunday,
 Cross Roads has Sunday school every Sunday at ? o'clock.
 Miss Josie Daniels made tiying trip to Martindale Monday.
 Ernest Roller visited MT. Cleve Harding Sunday
 Mrs. Hattie Woods and children called on Mrs. H. J. Harding Sunday afternoon.
 Dee Boshears made flying trip to Maumelle Sunday and came back with rat dog.
 Mrs. Ana Boshears was the guesl of Mrs, Ed Smith Sunday.
 Miss Bessie Meyers is visiting Miss Louise Ault this week.
 Mrs. H. J. Harding called on Mrs F. George Monday evening.
 Cleve Harding made business trip to Louisiana Monday.
The Pulaskian., 1917-04-20
< * :: {. :: :. :. ;. ]. :. |. :. :. :: <. :. WARSAW. z.

:. :. :. z. {. .. :. :. s. z. :. z. z. < :. The pretty weather we are having now is being we'll used by the farm CTS of this vicinity.
 Earl Holt and Cal Peters made a flying trip to Mayfower Sunday.
 Mrs. A. L. Holt, E. Roe and M. Paty spent the afternoon with Mrs. Grant Holt Sunday.
 Barron School will be out April 27
 Mir. and Mrs Hammer of Pulaski Heights were the guests of Dr. J. C.. Cunningham Sunday afternoon.
 Miss Maude Holt spent the day with Miss Irene Boyd Sunday.
 L. T. Wallace and wife of Argenta came Sunday to see his mother, who is ill
 MT. and Mrs. A. J Andrews spent the day with her mother, Mrs. Alice Legg, Sunday.
 Miss May Holt, Eva and Lela Mer- ritt were the guests of Miss Bertha Peters Sunday.
 Roy Blazer seemed to be quite hap py Sunday afternoon. We wonder why?
 Miss Eleanor Merritt entertained quite few young people Friday night.
 Joe Montgomery made trip to Lit tie Rock Friday.
The Pulaskian., 1917-04-20
:. :. " < :: # * * ":s <. |.
 . GEYER SPRING.. <
:. :, {: :. :. :. < < < < :. < $ .' < < <

.: .. :. " |. :. :. +s :' +s z. :. < < ':s ':' <
 Born@To MT. and Mrs. Chas. Row all, April 13, girl.
 Mrs. H. c. Lewis and son were the guests of Mrs. w. B. Cunningham Thursday.
 Lillian Guyant of Little Rock was T Geyer Spring visitor last week.
 Joe Thomas spent Sunday with Dr. and Mrs. H. c. Lewis.
 Miss Minnie T. Allen was a Geyer Spring visitor last week.
 H. Flippin of Conway was the guest of I. c. Myers and family last week and preached for us Sunday.
 School will be out the 27th and the children have prepared good pro gram to be given that night
 The patrons of the Geyer Spring School gave Miss Baxley surprise Wednesday night at the home of A Sheridan
 Farmers Club will meet next Tues day night at the school house.
 Sunday school 2:30 Sunday after noon, singing at 7:3O Sunday night.
 MT and Mrs. Harve Boyd and son and Miss Pauline Boyd of Mill Creek were the guests of J. L. Mann and family last week.
 The c. w. S. S. c. will meet with Miss Flora Graves Saturday after noon.
 Dr. and Mrs. Stewart are visiting H. Sheridan and family.
The Pulaskian., 1917-04-20

Epworth League Saturday night at 7:45. Leader for Sunday, Mir Main ard
 Mrs. Nowlin of Pinnacle visited Nat ural Steps Sunday.
 Mrs. w. A. Nowlin and children spent the weekend with Dr. w. A. Nowlin.
 MT. and Mrs. Charlie Marsh were the guests of their relatives, MT. ani Mrs. Marsh of this place.
 The young people had a pleasant time at the candy pulling at the home of MT. and Mrs. Moreland Friday night, for the benefit of the Metho- dist Church.
The Pulaskian., 1917-04-20

L. Clifton and had an egg hunt Easter
 Chas. Inman and Miss Bessie Clay of Roland were guests at the home of the formers aunt, Mrs. M. W. Camp bell, Sunday.
 Miss Fannie Smith was the guest of Miss Frances Thomson Sunday.
 Messrs. George Campbell and AL fred Crewe were guests of Georges mother, Mrs. Campbell, Easter Sun day.
 Mrs. s. A. Thompson was the guest of her sister Mrs. J. L. Clifton Sat urday. Mrs. Thompson has been sick for the past month, but is Improving slowly
 Mrs. Ava Boshears and children were the dinner guests of Mrs. Lizzie Smith Sunday.