davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13
Seven Wives Start Suits
To Free Marriage Bonds

Seven petitions filed and two de-
crecs granted was the days grist in
the Douglas county divorce mill The
following wives started proceedings
to free themselves from alleged I'M
desirable husbands:
Vernicc Wage against August Wage
cruelty and misconduct alleged. Wage is
a mail carrier. respondent is named
Nellie Weatherman against Roy Weather
man; nonsupport alleged.
Dottie Margaret Wimot against Ernest
Edward Wilmot; nonsupport alleged
Evelyn lack against Edgar G. lack; non
support alleged.
lIansine Paulsen against Morris Chris
Paulsen: cruelty alleged.
Anna Edghil against Hugh N. Edghll
nonsupport alleged.
Susie Page against John A. Page; nom
support alleged.
DEGREES were awarded two wives,
as follows:
Hulda Bolton from Harry Riggs Bolton.
Marie Kray from Carl l.. Kray.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13

but by the efforts of his ambitious
wife. At first he is opposed to en-
tering politics, but finally he gives
his consent In his speech of ae-
ceptanee, when everyone expects him
to praise his wife foi her untiring
efforts in his. behalf he speaks dis
paragingly on woman suffrage and
the gentle sex in general He is
finally elected and goes to Wasting
ton where he is source of much
embarrassment to his wife and many
friends.
The company is a large one, with
large chorus of acknowledgements
girls. Danny Simmons will be seen
in the role of Jiggs Mahoney.
When the young lady calls at your
home and asks to see The Bee, show
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13
Abuses Wife, Hired
Girl, Nurse and the
Riddles; Gets Jail

Found guilty in police court Of hav-
ing abused his wife, Claude Collier,
1921 South Twcnty-sccond street, was
sentenced to fifteen days in jail. Col
hcr was arrested by Policeman Bitter,
who charges that Collier returned
home drunk. chased the hired girl,
nurse and children from the house
and then abused his wife, who had
lust recovered from a serious illness
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13
Claude Perkins Bound
Over on Gambling Charge

Claude Perkins, Arcade hotel, failed
to help four-card flush i'll police
court when he appeared in answer to
charge that he is common gam
bier" and as a result he was bound
over to the district court under bonds
in the sum OF $1,000.
NJ. ]. McCarty, proprietor of sa-
loon at Sixth and Pierce streets, who
alleges Perkins mixed" him out of
$3.50 in a draw poker contest with the
aid of a confederate, appeared against
him. McCarty was out of luck in the
first contest, but in police court he
held a full house.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13
Painters Run Uncle Sans
Men Out of Their offices

Painters and decorators swoopcd
down on the third floor OF the federal
building and promptly upset all the
machinery of half the Offices on the
floor.
United States Marshal Flynn and
his corps of deputy \sleuths were
fired summarily from their sanctum
and forced to use the corridor as an
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13

office. Dave Dickinson, in the United
States attorneys office, had to move
his desks into Commissioner Nc
Laushlin's room Clerk OF the Court
Hoyt was given but few moments
TO cover up his precious records be
tore the decorators invaded his Of
fec.
A merry wag breezed into the build
ing to find the forlorn Flynn sitting
dcjectedly on one of the corridor
benches. AT last" he cried, Tommy
Flvnn is without an Office"
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13

it to her and she will present you
with one ticket which can be ex-
changed at the box office at the Boyd
theater for Monday or Tuesday night
OF the engagement Of Bringing up
Father"
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13

Mems Weber Sweater Coats, $4.98
And these have been selling in regular stock
at Sc 90, $3.50 and $3.50 Big, warm, comfort
able models, some with rough neck, some Vneck.
Plain colors and fancy combinations. Just the
thing for outdoor wear and sports. Heavy rope
stitch weaves: also some Angora woods and fine
weaves
Mems Sweater Coats, $2.49
80 dozen wool and worsted Sweater Coats
These have been selling right here at 1898 and
$4.98.
Mems Union Suits, at 69c
Heavy ribbed cotton and fleeced Union Suits,
closed crotch. ribbed ankles and cuffs to fit
snugly; in the regular way they sell for $l.OOY
All sizes, "a to A.
DR.. Jaeger's Imported Underwear, $2.49
Garment.
The average price of these is $500 gar
ment DR.. Jaeger's Sanitary Health Underwear
is known everywhere, and physicians endorse it
satisfaction. We cannot get any more, and so
the stock that we have we offer at this remark
ably low price.
Now for Big Tie Sale, at CSC
We have taken every one of the Dollar Ties
and will sell them here on Saturday at 69c. All
styles and patterns, in stripes and neat figures
many shown here exclusively; made up in large
open end four-in-hands with "slip-easy" bands
they are so good that you will surely buy half
dozen,
Main Floor, Mems Building
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13
How to Cure Colds.

Avoid exposure and drafts. Eat right
Take DR. Kings New Discovery II Kills
and destroys the cold germs. All druggists
Advertisement
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13

Mems Flannel Shirts, Csc
Blue gray and brown flannel Shirts, medium
and heavy weights; some have been selling here
for as much as $1.98. Not all sizes in each col =
or, but every size in the lot Exceptional values
for men who need heavy shirts for outdoor work.
$1.39, $50 and $500 Neckwear, at Csc
Including generous lot Of the imported Ties
that we offered here at Christmas time. These ,
are made of pure silks, in patterns that you do
not find outside of very exclusive speciality
shops. You cannot buy better ties at $1.50-
and at 95c you never bought as good tie.
Mems Four-in-Hand Ties, 19c
so dozen Mems Silk Four-in-Hand Ties, 29c
and 39c values, at Ice. Variety Of patterns and
colorings.
Mems Silk Half Hose, 21c
There are some Seconds" in this lot also some
very fine quality Fiber Silk; plain colors and
fancy stripes.
Mems Kid Gloves, at 55c
Cape SUICIDES and Kids. Mostly small sizes,
which accounts for the little price. Sizes from
7 to 8 mostly. Grays, tans and blacks &c..
Mems Auto Gloves, $1.ss
20 dozen fine quality Automobile Gloves, lined
and unlined. Gauntlet style. These have been
selling in regular stock at $29S and $49S,
and rather than carry them over to next season,
we say $1.9S. a..
Mems Suspenders, 21c Pair
Lisle web suspenders, cut full length and
made of good elastic material; double stitched;
good leather ends that will give long service.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13
Our Annual January ClearanceSale
of Mon'e FURNISHINGS -

Brings opportunities to save unsurpassed
at any time during the year.
Mems Shirts, at S5c
$50 dozen of these in fine Corded Madras Satin Stripe
Sosettes Percaes Fancy Corded Repps, etc. both laun
dered and soft cuffs dozens of neat and novel patterns
every Shirt this lot desirable and there is enough
variety to suit every taste. Sizes IA to Is.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13

Hirsch. Wickwire Clothing is known
everywhere for it's sterling goodness, and
when we obtained this stock we knew we
wouldn't have to talk quality, but simply
variety and price.
We will start the sale with Short Box Coats
Form Fitting Coats for men and young men.
Conservative Chesterfield models listers and
Great Coats; Shawl Collar Chinchilla and AS
trachan Collar Goats; Convertible Collar and
Cravanetted Coats; Fancy Black Coats; Finest
Cheviots and Scotch Mixtures from Hawick
Scotland. Coats for dress wear of Meltons.
In the Suits there are the much to be desired
Pinch Backs and all other good styles in wonderful
variety of the best materials, and coorings.
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13

When Charley Black" closed up his store on
18th street, where he had been for Is years (pe-
culiar co-ineidence), and announced that he had
taken over the business of the Pease Brothers Com
pany, he stated that he would devote his entire
time and energy in the future to the selling of high
grade Mems Furnishings and Hats and conse-
quently we made him an offer for his entire stock
of high grade Mems Clothing, 900 of which was
of the sterling
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13
Hirsch-Wickwire Make

The letter to the left tells the balance of the
story-but we have this to add-"Charey Black"
has been credit to this business community and
we feel that he is entitled to boost not only from
U.s. but from every who has had occasion to trade with
him. So here's for your venture Charey Black
and sincere wish that your good friends will make beaten
path to your door,
Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, 1917-01-13

Ice Skates
Conditions favor good
skating for some time.
Take advantage of this
sale.
Mems and Boys Screw Clamp,
Good, Serviceable Skates, per
pair, at ............. .4Oc
Ladies and Girls Screw
Clamp Skates, with good lea
ther straps, pair, .. 75c
All the Mems and Ladies $3.50,
$l.75 and $500 Skates, Satur-
day, at ............$1.2 rs
Mems Fine Worsted Jerseys,
in plain and fancy stripes
worth $500, Saturday, S1.9S
Main Floor-Men's Bldg.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1917-04-27
BAKERY STRIKE SEEMS SURE

Unless bakers grant bakery driv-
ers' union demand for a IA per cent
increase in wages, which the bakers
refused at conference between union
officials and bakers yesterday, union
heads will declare a strike next Tues
day.
The union includes practically all
city drivers. If the strike is declared
the bread supply will give out, say the
bakers, and the demands for flour
viii be so great as to exhaust the
supply. At the conference. no agree
ment could be made, since employers
said demand was out Of question.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1917-04-27
IT RADICALS DYNAMlTED
EDDYSTONE PLANT
HINT

Chester, Pa, April 27.-Startling
indications that the Eddystone mu-
nitiOns plant disaster may have been
caused by Russian plotters came to
light today at the cOroner's inquest
into the death of 1O2 victims of the
explosion.
Federal authorities are cCmbing
the country for a Russian govern
ment inspector known as "Waskoff"
who sent a message saying "ExplO-
sion occurred today our crowd safe"
to radical Russian newspaper in
New York Immediately after the
blast.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1917-04-27
THE HIGH COST OF LIVING

Geo. H. Cushing, coal production
expert and editor Of Black Diamond,
predicts that entire country will feel
coal famine next winter. Says ILL
nOis soft coal now selling at S2.75 to
1915 will be sold for SO and up
ward. Urges people to lay in their
winter stock now.
Flour advanced so cents a barrel
yesterday, now $500 retail; sugar
went up 2 cents; eggs dropped a few
cents; grOcers should have sold pO-
tatoes 5 cents cheaper.
Butter dropped after the U. S.
grand jury subpoenaed members of
the Chicago butter and egg board in
an effort to get at the inside transac.
lions of the price jugglers. It is IN
derstoOd that among those called
are: Arthur w. Hale, asst sec'y but
ter and egg board; NJ. P. Rutledge,
John R. Tyler, Henry Kaischeim and
w. F. Priebe Hale, it is said, was
given orders to bring his books in to-
day.
Health COm'r Robertson, after a
private investigation, announced that
he had discovered that 100000 eggs
are being held in freight cars around
Chicago for higher prices.
Texas onions dropped down 20
cents to $3.50 a case. Rice and navy
beans went up. Strawberries went
higher. g-r5ee f.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1917-04-27

Miss Kinney is a New York sculp-
tTess who has asked to organize a
corps of artists and sculptors to help
surgeons reshape the faces of SOL
diers disfgured by enemy shrapnel.
She would call these volunteers "di-
rectOrs of artistic surgery"
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1917-11-02
GROOM SEVENTY AND
BRIDE OF SIXTY-TWO
GET PERMIT TO WE'D

Word of an interesting romance cul-
minating in the securing OF marriage
license at Kansas City. No, fer Sam
uel Baughman, Chanute, Has, aged 70,
and Mrs. Emma E. Walsh, Moline,
aged 60, has been received in Moline.
MIR. Baughman is veteran OF The Civil
war. He enlisted in 1861 with the
Sixty-sixth Illinois sharpshooters and
participated in the engagements at
Fort Benson. Shiloh and Missionary
Ridge and marched with Sherman TO
the sea.
He lived at Milan for d While and in
1874 moved 10 Wilson county, kas,
where he served as sheriff FOR four
years, after which he opened the Gold
Dust hotel at Fredonia. Later he NOV
ed to Chanute, which has been his
home for % years. He filled term as
police magistrate at Chanute. He :
junior vice commander of the Kansas
division of the G. A. r. His first wife
was before her marriage Miss Leonora
Kidder, also of Moline. She died sew
/ eral years ago.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1917-11-02
LABORINC
TOO EARLY, CLAIM
Dir. Frank II. LeaYitt of Uni,ersity ri
Chicago TO Speak on Education
as War Time Measure.

Urging the teaching of patriotism
and new nationalism in the public
schools, DR.. Frank NJ. Leavitt of the
faculty of the University of Chicago
will address a mass meeting next Mon
day evening at S o'clock at the Moline
high school, his subject being "Edu-
cation of Our Children as a War Time
Measure"
The speaker will come under the
auspices of the Federated Parent.
Teacher clubs of Moline. Due to war
conditions, it is asserted there has
been an alarming number of pupils Of
the public school system who have
left too early their studies to fill Jobs
in the industrial world The effect
which this lack of adequate training
viii have in years to come is really ]
serious matter. according to the col
lege men. He has made close obseF
walton of the way France and other
countries at war have met this and
similar problems and is therefore
competent TO be heard on this import.
ant subject. Miss Marie Heinemann is
to sing and pupils will give a
calesthenics drill as other features Of
the program.
In the afternoon DR.. Leavitt viii
address the teachers on War Time
/ Education.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1917-11-02
COLORED MAN In
ASSOCIATION JOB
3. q. Smith oil Jefferson City. No., Is
Engaged BY East Moline Or
ganixatlon.

B. G. Smith Of Jefferson City, Mo,
has been engaged as colored secretary
to take charge Of the Y NJ. {. A. and
community center for colored peopli
in East Moline. He will work uade:
the direction department of the !. VI
c. a. Mr.. Smith comes highly recon.
mended for the work he will under
take. He is a college graduate, hay
ing completed preparatory school
course and then later graduating al
Lincoln Institute In Jefferson City. a
fine school for colored men. He has
been assistant to one Of the depart
ment managers of department store
in Jefferson City recently. He was
president of the institute Y. n. c. a.
during his school term, and he has
been active in religious and social wei
fare work among the colored people
In his new position Mr.. Smith will be
in direct charge of association worR
among the eolored people Of East Mo
| line, and will manage the Y. NJ G. A
building at Twelfth street and Fourth
avenue, now under construction. Til
the association plant is completed Mr.
! Smith will maintain offices and head
quarters in the rooming house for col
ored people, at 1903 Thirteenth street
known as Y. NJ. C. A. annex NO. 8.
Work on the new building is pro
| crossing steadily, but there have beer
some delays, and it will be severa
weeks before the plant Is ready TO
use This building a two-story struc
| ture, will provide recreation room
and reading rooms on the first floor
quarters for the secretary and his fam
lily, and bath rooms which will be avail
able afternoons for women and chill
dren and evenings for men and boys
On the second floor will be larg
hall which will serve many purposes
1t will be utilized temporarily as
school. and it also will be used for re
ligious and fraternal society meetings
and it is equipped with motion pic
ture booth so that it may be used 10
entertainments and community gath
erings. On the first floor is q 1arg
kitchen. and If conditions make such
step necessary a restaurant will be es
tablished later. for colored people.
Mr.. Smith has already taken up hi
work in East Moline, and he expect
soon to bring his wife and three chi
dren here.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1917-11-02
PLANS CEREMONIAL.

Members OF Zal grotto, Moline, are
completing plans for the annual fall
ceremonial, which is to be held Nov.
at Turner hall. The Nohassan grot-
TO band, Davenport, is to assist in the
entertainment. The registration will
be at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. The
business session will be from 5 to 6
followed by supper From to there
viii be a program for the prophets at
the Lyric theatre. and then will come
the comforting Of degrees at Turner
hall by the following cast:
Monarch-R. J. Green.
Chief JUSTICE. c. Lang.
Master OF ceremonies-C. s. Mason.
Orator-C. B. Hall.
Grand c1amberlain-C. E. Cornell.
Grand marshall. C. Oakley.
Fadladeen--G. 0. Anderson.
Mokanna-By himself.
Sarpedon-J c. Lang.
Melancholy. W. Schrader.
Charon-C. s. Albertson.
Rhadamanthus-A. E. Alien.
Cerberus-J. NJ. Heldele.
Chaos-L A. Vinton.
Skeleton-F. W. Schroeder
Skeleton-R. T. Colson.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1917-11-02
HUNTERS ARE TO
FURNISH SPREAD
Seven Nimr0ds Leave for Beardst0Wn
to Bag Game for HaIlard Duck
Dinner at Els Club.

1t looks like big night for Moline
Elks next Thursday evening when a
duck dinner is to be served
al $50, the game being furnished by
seven nimrods OF the lodge who viii
leave this evening for the Beardstown
neighborhood There will be some
talks and other entertainment feat
ures and the affair promises to attract
a large crowd
The campaign of the Moline y u. c.
A. in its effort TO assist in the coIIec-
ton of $50 600 600 fund for association
work at cantonments and in Europe,
is to be given a boost by the lodge
The solicitation of funds will start
Nov. 70 and Exalted Ruler f f.
Thompson will appoint committee
to assist in the work.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1917-11-02
Police News


Della Thomas, who has appeared on.
numerous occasions in Moline justice
courts. and John Basso pleaded guilty
in Moline police court this morning
to a charge of disorderly conduct and
were each fined $40 and costs. Mr.
Thomas and Basso were arrested as
result of a police raid last evening
on room at 151212 Third avenue,
L. A. Pinneo of Cordoya and August
Bergquist, Moline, arrested near the
border last evening. pleaded guilty
this morning to charges of disorderly
conduct and were fined S. and costs
each Pinneo and Bergquist were
charged with fighting in the street,
while under the influence Of liquor.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1917-11-02
CHECK NOT HONOREn.

Warrant for the arrest of Bernard
Mfntzer. junk dealer in East Moline,
was issued today in the court OF Mag
istrate A. A. Niles, charge Of conf
dence game being preferred by Harry
Orman. 1t is claimed that Orman
cashed a check issued by Mintzer, for
50, and the check was not honored
The case is understood to come under
new law enacted by the last iegis-
lature making it an offense to issue
check without having deposits to
cover the face OF the check. or with
out arrangements with bank for
credit to the extent of the amount
involved.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1917-11-02
ASKS INVESTIGATION
OF DEATH OF DR.. ARP

It is rumored in Moline that two
Rock Island physicians have been
asked by an agent for an accident in
surance company to make an investi-
cation as 10 the cause Of the death of
Dr. a. II. Arp of Moline The rumor
says that one Of the physicians re-
fused 10 act. The other refused to be
interviewed 1t is said that the COM
pany in which Dr. Arp was heavily in
sured, is insisting upon an examina-
ton and a definite professional state
ment Information is not available as
10 whether or not a claim has been
iiled by benefciaries under the insur-
ance policy. 1t was announced at the
time Of his death that DR.. APPS heart
failed OF action when he was leaning
forward to lace his shoes while dress
ing.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1917-11-02
DEATH IS DUE To
NATURAL CAUSES
DIR. II. 4. Beam Finds Carl J. Carlson,
Guard for Borg & Beck, Sue
enmbed to Uremic Poisoning.

Uremic poisoning superlnduced by
Bright's disease, caused the death of
Carl j. Carlson, night Waterman for
the Borg & Beck company, Moline,
whose lifeless body was discovered
yesterday morning at the plant when
employees found the factory locked and
broke into the place to investigate. At
least that is the opinion which nr. H.
a. Beam expressed yesterday after an
autopsy and evidence TO this effect he
viii give at an inquest this afternoon
at O'Clock.
According to DR.. Beam there was no
evidence of poisoning by gas or apo
plexy. It was thought by some that
gas from a carbonizing furnace had
caused death. When the factory was
broken into yesterday morning the
place was filled with fumes caused by
the failure of the guard to turn off the
gas feeding the furnace early in the
evening, as was his custom
Four employees we're overcome by
gas, and Robert Spence, AIS Sixteenth
street, Moline, was so i'll he was taken
to the city hospital He sufficiently
recovered by evening. however, to re-
turn home The plant closed down
yesterday following the fatality but
resumed work as usual today.
All the news all the time-The
ARGUS
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1917-11-02
WIDE Difference
IN DRAIN PRICES
81. Louis Concern Bids $3.50 Per fo0s
on First Street job While Ryan
Company Wants sl4.

When bids for the First street
storm drain system which is to be
paid for Jointly by Moline and Rock
Island were opened this morning at
the Moline city hall ii was found there
was q wide variation in the figures,
The Ryan Construction company Dav-
export, bidding st4 per foot and the
Frazer e. Davis company, st. Louis,
So 60.
The drain will be 400 feet long.
\ The Frazer e. Davis concern was the
only company to quote figures on the
total lob, being S24,217.50 for concrete
drain and $27,762. SO for segment block
The bids per foot, which were laid
over for action until Monday. were as
follows:
Mccarthy improvement company,
Davenport, .$1l95.
Ryan Construction company, DAY.
export, $l4,
General Engineering e. Construction
company, Davenport, s12.35.
d. f. Keller company, Davenport,
$685.
Frazer 6 Davis company, st. Louis.
$500
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1917-11-02
STACKER Is
HELD IN CITY PRISON

When Louis Hill, colored made the
alleged statement. I'D rather throw
my money in the Mississippi river
than buy Liberty bonds, he was
nahbed yesterday afternoon by Detec-
tive Lebbert, Moline Hill is "a years
old and says his home is in Speakers
vile, Texas, He didn't have a regis
tration card. but claimed he had lost
it. The exemption board at Speakers
Vile is being communicated with in
an attempt to verify his statements.
HUI says he came to this section to
work at the Rock Island arsenal and
has been living in Davenport.
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1917-11-02
TEAM WILL COMPETE

Moline encampment No. 1853. /. O. O.
r, believes the doctrine OF prepared
ness can be applied profitably to lodge
ahairs Preliminary plans were made
last evening to send the degree team
70 81 Louis next September to par
tcipate in the competitive drill bv the
sovereign grand lodge at that time.
The degree staff was reorganized
with ]. ". Johnson as captain and
VIII begin drilling at once. Officers
OIL the stan named last evening are:
President-Victor Holstein.
Vice PRESIDENT. A. Mcclellan
Secretary treasurer A.. E. Ride
nour
The officers are all past chief ma
triarchs Of the encampmeut
Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1893-1920, 1917-11-02
CHURCH rs HELPING
FOOD CONSERVATION

In an effort to assist the food con
servation movement members Of the
Christian Science CHURCH, Moline,
have distributed pledge cards in their
denomination agreeing to help as far
as possible in the task of winning the
war through 'the Kitchen A COM
mittee has been named to take active
charge of the work