davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Palisadian. [volume] (Cliffside Park, N.J.) 1906-current, 1917-08-11
Would Rather Each Man Fight.

! am a pacifist when there is moth
ING to fight about. | would rather eat
than fight, any day. But when | see
a big fellow attack a little one with
out the slightest provocation, then |
want to fire, when ready. Gridley,
| want to throw gas bombs, hand
grenades and shrapnel, until the big
fellow is beaten into submission, OPP
preston and tyranny of the strong
over the weak, CRATE on my nerves
much worse than the screening of a
slate pencil on writing slate, when
held at right angle. hope we all
feel the same?
Palisadian. [volume] (Cliffside Park, N.J.) 1906-current, 1917-08-11
Bro. Turkey AS Gardner.

Those who start war gardens should
secure the services of at least one
turkey. 1t is useless expense to
purchase costly chemicals in order to
kill off one of the most prolific crops
of the garden-bugs. 1t is much bet
ter to make profit out of them by
fattening up turkeys. One dead bug
means the loss of an appreciate
amount of foliage which has been
consumed by the insect. The turkey
will redeem that loss around Thanks
giving and Shristmas.
Palisadian. [volume] (Cliffside Park, N.J.) 1906-current, 1917-08-11
A Yellow Emneror Moth.

On my way to the post Office the
other day | chose to pass along a path
across vacant lot. At my feet
saw Yellow Emperor moth in per-
feet condition which was so quiescent
that | picked it up and carried it in
my hat till got home. 1t is COM
bination TO lavender and yellow and
if any lady desires to select a striking
costume she cannot do better than to
try and match these colors. Her tasts
can never be called in question.
Palisadian. [volume] (Cliffside Park, N.J.) 1906-current, 1917-08-11
Compass For Airmen's Use at Night.

Tokyo.-Dr. Ail1itsu Tanakadate of
Tokyo has invented an instrument for
the use of airmen in flights ct night or
in fog. For several years he has been
studying the variations of the compass
in different parts of Japan caused by
recognized terrestrial changes due to
earthquakes and volcanic outbreaks
The inventor is now flying his drigib'e
Yuhi-Go over the chief cities of the en-
.irr. ,?orfc tug his instrument
Palisadian. [volume] (Cliffside Park, N.J.) 1906-current, 1917-08-11

The recent hot speR showee West

Pallisade to be real summer vaca-
ton locality. Freedom from flies
and mosquitoes within the screened
porches. Fresh and salt water fish
ing, boating and sailing in Lake
Hopatcong and in the sound. Riding
and golfing at Englewood and Bait
usrol The finest boardin at the best
hotels in New York. Where on earth
could you find greater attractions?
You won't find many of our friends
going away for the summer.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-07-20

1t is generally supposed that Ger
many, before the war, obtained most
of the ammonia used for explosives
from Chile, and that nearly all the
nitrates which came as a by-product
from coal were used to make fertilizer.
Owing to the relatively small farming
area of that country, high cultivation
is necessary to make the ground yield
crops that will feed the population
while the blockade continues.
But all the nitrates had to be used to
manufacture cannon food, and there
was none left for the crops of 1915;
that is why they fell off. The fixation
plant filled the deficit; that Is why the
crops of 1916 have been plentiful. !.
To obtain an accurate statement OF
had TO one of the experts of the De-
partment of Agriculture, DIR. j. w.
TurTentine, one of the national au-
thorities ON the production of nitrates.
although he is more interested in see
ing it used for agriculture than for
war.
His training and his study of methods
and apparatus have made a chemical
chemist, out of him, He has studied
all known sources of nitrates, and has
told how to obtain from domestic
sources an ample supply for all pur.
poSeS' namely by the oxidation OF
ammonia produced as a by-product in
the process of coking bituminous coal.
IF one starts a fire of soft coal in
an open CRATE" said he, 'at first col
ored gases are given out; the coal
turns dull black and settles into a
mass. That mass is coke--soft coal
without the gases and volatile mat
ter
The gases, which here are the in-
portant thing, contain ammonia, ben,
.Eol, toluol. coal tar and other valu-
able things. which may be recovered
as by-nroducts from the eoking proc
ess.
Cooking soft coal frees II from these
gases, gives II many of the desirable
qualities of anthracite and is a pre-re-
quisite for its use in tho blast furnace
In the reduction of iron ore. The mistake
must not be made, however, of sup
posing that coke is only valuable for
making iron and steel, for as a matter
of fact the potential energy of soft coal
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-07-20
USE
CONVERTED NITRATEs.

is increased by approximately 60 per
cent by utilizing the gas and the coke
separately.
I'm this country during the past year
about 100000 tons of soft coal were
at loss of the greater part of the
difference between these Quantities,
One of the craziest processes of ma
tional waste has been that of letting
smoke from the old-fashioned beehive
oven; for thereby during the past
twenty years by-products of the value
of hundreds of millions of dollars have
been wasted.
coke was to dump into an oven. from
its shape called beehive, a charge of
three tons or so of coal and burn 1t
with restricted air until the gases were
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-07-20

driven out of the oven top and wholly
lost. The first step taken toward
economy was to conduct enough of this
escaping gas in the adjacent beehive
to warm up It's charge of coal.
Although Germay, England and
France have been using them a long
time, Ii was not until few years ago
that American engineers introduced
here by-product ovens by which all the
gas given off in the coking operation
Is conveyed to tanks or holders, such
as may be seen at any municipal gas
plants and thence utilized.
Tho by-products from these gases
consist of coal tar, from which the
Germans make the valuable aniline
dyes and which is largely used for
road building.
From this gas American manufac-
turers also get supply of illuminat-
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-07-20

of the department, near the east wing,
a small laboratory, where diseased
plants of all kinds are taken. 1t con-
tains miniature disinfecting tank
and is a most valuable adjunct.
The act creating the board provided
that it should consist of five members,
to be designated by the Secretary Of
Agriculture, and that they should serve
without additional pay.
The Secretary appointed as its chair
man, Mr.. Charles l.. Marlatt of the bu-
reau of ethnology; William A. Orton,
vice chairman, of the bureau of plant
forest service, Walter D. Hunter of
ethnology and Karl Il. Kellerman. also
of plant industry, the other three MEM
bers. Mr.. Reuben c. Althouse was
upon his shoulders and his assistants
fall the details of the Office and the
execution of the directions of the
board.
~
The effectiveness of the various quar-
antines, the satisfactory disinfecting of
cotton. the agreements with foreign
countries on especial subjects, the clos
ing of the foreign markets against
plants, seeds and samples have not been
attained without mature thought and
action by the board; nor without co.
operation on the part of the federal de-
partments-the Treasury, through it's
customhouses; the Post Office; the In
terror, through the bureau of stand
ards, and the State, through it's eort-
sular Offices; nor has the plant inspec-
ton service of the states been lacking.
At first the restrictions were very en-
barrassing to the importers, but tho
board has recognized their troubles.
and they, in turn, appreciating the rea-
sonahleness of the demands, have ac-
cepted the situation, and with few ex-
ceptions are very willing to render all
possible assistance in excluding any
thing which will injure the country's s
interest.
That this is not a small thing these
figures from nursery stock importations
tell; For the year ended June so, 1914
(before the war;, there were imported
1900 900 fruit trees (6,690,0OO from
France), l4,630,000 fruit tree stocks,
nearly 100000 rosebushes, 100000 or
namental trees $4,000 coniferous
trees, besides many other plant trees
not mentioned here.
One diseased lot means an injury to
an entire community, one pest, like tho
pink boll-worm, may destroy staple
crop, and the thin line of defense
against these possible invader Is that
created by the committee with the un-
wieldly name. federal horticultural
board"
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-07-20

ing canes of sugar. all citrous nursery
stock (oranges, lemons, etc.), all In
dian corn or maize from oriental coun-
tries and some less important plant
products may not be imported at all,
because each is likely TO carry some
disease which thus far has not broken
out in our ma tive plants. This rule
is just as reasonable as 1t is to pre-
vent the landing of passengers from
some port known to be full OF such in
feetious disease as the bubonic plague.
These plant guarantees cover the
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-07-20

fighting Is the importation of any
pine blister rust, a tree disease de-
structive of both ornamental and for
est pines
This blight may be carried by all Ave
leayed pines from Europe, Asia, Canada
and Newfoundland and all gooseberries
and currants from Canada. Their i'm
portation is absolutely prohibited.
Cotton seed, except from some parts
of Mexico; the seed of alligator pears
from Mexico and Central America, Nv-
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-07-20
United States Must Preserve Nit

will turn out in the form of ammonia
enough nitrate for use in war is re-
quired than that furnished by the con-
solidated waters of the great lakes
tumbling over Niagara. The cost Of
operating such plant is enormous;
nevertheless il must be met, unless
some better way OF securing the indis-
pensable nitrates can be found.
At the instance of the War Depart
ment, Director Van II. Manning of the
bureau of mines has considered IL we'll
worth while to dispatch the bureaus
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-07-20

to the consignors at their expense. Po-
tatoes are coming into the country in
such quantities that, although in the
main they are all right, carloads are
sent back almost every day.
A disease known as potato wart or
canker having broken out in Great
Britain, Germany and Austro- Hungary,
the department issued it's proclama-
tion forbidding absolutely the impor-
tation of potatoes from other coun-
tries.
Another thing which the board is
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-07-20

ing and fuel gas SUFFICIENT to supply
large communities, and they are actual
ly doing that very thing, in several
benzol t56,O00,00O gallons in 1870, a
substitute for gasoline, only more pow
erful. anu tuluol, which, IN connection
with nitric acid. is used to form the
much-dreaded trinitrotoluol. the ex-
plosive charge used in projectiles.
~
But the by-product of the most in
terest to us is ammonia, which when
oxidized under the proper conditions
gives the indispensable nitric acid for
explosives, and, after treatment with
ammonia of the fertilizer. Thus from
the coke oven we get nitric acid and
benzol, the two essentials of the most
diabolical explosives known.
while statistics are uninteresting,
they are the shortest way and, there
fore, the best of telling some facts.
so am using these figures to show
the growth of the coking industry and
the relative growth of the by-preduct
recovery of ammonia; also the uses Of
ammonia for commercial purposes.
I'm 1900 the annual ammonia produc-
tion of the United States by the coking
process, expressed in tons of sulphate
of ammonia, was 1890 tons (3.400
tons of nltrogen); in 1915 IT was
220,0 900, and the estimates for 1915 and
1917, based upon by-product ovens
erected and ordered are, respectively,
234, 900 aud $4,000 tons, But this repre-
sents the ammonia product of less than
one-third of the soft coal coked annually
for the manufacture of iron. Apply
Ing this, as in an emergency, the gov
ernment could do, to all coal coked
would result in more than 100000
tons a year.
THE coal which is coked, however,
represents but a small portion of the
soft coal used annually and IL there
IL such a demand for ammonia as to
create q market, good business will
Insist upon the coking OF as much of
this coal as may be required, for the
coke has nearly all the fuel capacity
which the coal had and is freed from
the gas which makes its use unde-
sjrable In many places on account of
dirt and smoke under combustion and
gases which make it unsuitable for
household and other uses.
"In war emergency the government
could take over this entire production /;
il would prohibit the use of raw soft
coal, or take other measures to compel
consumption, In taking this course 1t
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-07-20
DIR. J. w. TURRENTINE.
Chemical engineer, Department. of
Agriculture.
(Photo by Harris g. Ewing,

chi4t chemist, Charles L. Parsons, to
Europe to Investigate how the warning
nations secure nitrates for their ex-
plosives.
In spite of the quantities of ex-
plosives used on the thousand miles of
battlefront. less saltpeter from Chile
is passing through the Panama canal
to the allies than did during the first
year of the war, and the scientists have
found out the reason.
DIR. Parsons is now in London, and
he expects to visit France. Italy. Nor
way and Sweden. He is not going to
see what the allies are doing, but how
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-07-20
we Nitrates or Be at am Enemy's ri

they are doing it, for he knows that
they get most of their nitrates by
using nests of by-produet ovens-which
save thousands of tons of nitrates
otherwise wasted in making many mil
lion tons of coke from soft coal,
The Germans, however, cut off from
foreign nitrates, have augmented their
supply by erecting a fiXation plant
said to turn out ammonia at the rate
of 100000 tons a year.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-07-20

OF wood. 1t penetrates the cotton so
| that all animal life, including boli-
| worms In every stage, becomes extinct
in less than an hour and the cotton can
pc sent without possibility of spreading
infection to any mill for manufacture.
~
There are only four of these fumi-
eating tanks in the country, one at
each of the four ports of entry for cot
ton--New York, Newark, N. j.; Boston
and San Francisco. They are under
private ownership and are run as a
business proposition, charge being
made for each bale of cotton sterilized
The plant at Newark was built for it's
owners accommodation by one of the
great manufacturers located there, as
he uses vast quantities of the Egyptian
| product in making spool cotton.
Although privately operated. these
tanks are under the closest of gov
ernment inspection. The bales must
be left in the receiving chambers a
certain time; the poisonous gas must
| be of a positive strength; the appli-
ances and chemicals tested and every
preeaution must be taken to evacuate
the gas without risk of life to the men
operating the plant.
One shipment of the infested cotton
scotland 1T is believed to be the only
One-iS known 10 nave entered TINS
country, and that was before the quar-
antine was established. This lot was
| taken to Arizona, where a state quar-
antine was in force; the infestation
was detected and the whole lot burned.
1t is believed that the pink pest has
not succeeded in running the blockade,
Since July, 1918, the board has quar-
antned all cotton seed from foreign
countries, and has intercepted several
lots, all found to be infested with the
pink boll-woFm.
One of the most pressing matters now
under the boards attention is the over
sight of potatoes coming into the coun-
try to make up the $4,000, 900 bushel
shortage in the American crop,
kk
Naturally, our Canadian neighbor
wishes to share in the high prices. and
his crop is wanted here; but the board
says: mo diseased stock may be
entered"
Accordingly, this working plan has
been agreed upon between the two
countries; Canada may send potatoes
free from injurious disease and insect
pests to ports of entry designated by
this country. On arrival the tubers
are examined by federal inspectors, and
If found to be infected are returned
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-07-20

stock found in certain localities or
certain diseased plants, but the over
sight of the board is extended to regu-
late the entry of all woody. land certain
other plants and seeds imported.
Nearly all European and some other
foreign countries maintain a rigid in
spection service of their nursery stock.
and importations from those places
are allowed on permits issued to the
importer by the department of agricul-
ture. This involves a certificate by the
| foreign inspection service that the
plants are free from disease and insect
| pests, whereupon they are admitted
| through the customhouses, and may
| be sent to any state in the Union.
The plants, however, are not free for
| delivery, for nearly every state main
! tains an inspection service which calls
| seeds and plants. The results of the
| inspection are reported by the state
| examiners to the board, together with
the action. which in case of serious
| pest or disease is the destruction of
| the plants,
This state inspection is generally
very thorough, and may be enforced by
the board, II not kept up to the stand
against the products of that state.
No importations of seeds or plants are
permitted from countries which do not
| maintain an inspection service, except
| in very small quantities for expert
| mental purposes, and then the board
| will grant a special permit upon which,
| after satisfactory federal inspection,
they may be entered.
|
| "a
Formerly many seeds and plants.
samples of cotton and the like, were
sent in through the mails--a very con-
venient way for all concerned. The
board, however, has, with regret, abol-
ished it. because it is impossible to in
spect the packages in the mail: and no
matter how careful the senders were,
| the contents were liable to carry infec-
| tions. If the senders were careless, the
, danger was very great. Egyptian cot
| ton seeds sent through the mails were
| found to be contaminated as high as 20
per cent with the pink bollworm.
| Even for a total abstalner, a physi-
| elan may order an exception for the
patients good, and there Is one excep-
tion to this mailing order, Seeds and
plants may be sent to the Department
| of Agriculture; for in that case they
| are examined by experts, and IL dis
| eased are at once cremated.
| The board maintains on the grounds
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-07-20

would be procuring quantities of benzol
and toluol. In so doing 1T would only
be enforcing q scheme for economy In
the use of the great but not mex
haustible natural product-coal.
"At present 1t takes about 100000
tons of nitrogen. equivalent to 100000
Of ammonia sulphate. to supply the
which are derived from the coking of
coal, and the rest (60,00o) from animal
tankages. bone carbonization and the
cottonseed meal industry.
Practically all the nitrates used In
the United States in high explosives
for purpose of peace and for war are
imported from Chile; and until the
price of domestic ammonia is reduced
by more abundant supply their i'm
portation may be expected. But in
event of war of such character that
Chilean shipments be stopped, there
are ample quantities of nitrogen avail
able from soft coal, lignites, and even
peat, to make all the explosives that
could possibly he needed.
~
'If there should not, particularly at
the outset, be enough nitrates for mu-
nitions and for fertilizer too. it must
be borne in mind that little fertilizer is
used by the American farmer in raising
the staple articles--wheat, corn. rye.
NoNSt Nlay anu COblous
"The gas that may be made from
coking coal in the by-product oven Is
large and cheap source of power
when used with gas engines. 1t can be
generated wherever wanted and ap-
piled y Industrial use. In emergency
this power can be converted into elec-
trical power for the fixation of nitro
gen from the atmosphere, as the Ger
mans, in their peculiar situation, have
found necessary, or for running NUM-
tion factories.
II have not attempted in this infor-
NAL talk to detail the various processes
or to discuss deliberately the costs and
quantities of coal. coke. ammonium.
steel, rate of ammunition CONSUMPTION.
or the many other items which are in
volved in supplying the country with
nitrates In times of peace and of war.
But have studied the subject suf-
ficiently to satisfy myself and be-
lieve ! have given facts enough to
show that the coal-coking by-producta
oven viii produce all the nItrates
which may be needed in time of peace
for agricultural purposes, and that Eif
war should befall and foreign supplies
become available, they could be made
in such emergency to increase their
output amply to supply munition fao-
tories to any desired extent, even
through war protracted many years"
,<m.6EA FA M"SwNA~
gS a 3
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-11-24
NEED FOR STRONG FORTIFICATIONS,
and Big NAVAL UNIT RECOGNIZED
Senator Poindexter Advocates
Fast Cruisers and Big Sub
marine FlotiIIa Here

Senator Poindexter regards the Ha'
waiian islands as the key to the Pa
cific and believes large fleet with
submarines and destroyers a necessity
in the Pacific to guarantee American
rights and act as coast defense unit.
Senator Poindexter is the man VINO
was instrumental in securing, from
congress an appropriation of $4,000
600 for the building on the Pacific
coast of a submarine fleet to operate
solely in the Pacific He is confident
that when these submarines are com.
p.eted Pearl Harbor will be base OF
operations for some of them. Others
may not come until after the war.
in the Hawaii islands, no doubt on
Oahu, because of the location of Pearl
Harbor, should be one of the big naval
bases of the world" said Senator
Poindexter The command of the
Pacific is the most important and will
be far more so after the war Amerl-
can shipping, now that we have at last
launched merchant marine, must be
assured of full sweep of the seas. Ha-
waii is the key to the Pacific. There
should be large naval unit here COM
posed for one thing of fast cruisers,
one or two big ships and squadrons
of destroyers and flotillas Of subma-
rines. America needs them as her
first line of defense in the Pacific.
With the war over American ship
ping must not be allowed to dwindle
to insignificance now that it has been
given impetus by the need of cargo
carriers and troop ships. With world
affairs restored to their normal status
American shipping is bound to be a
powerful factor in the marine world.
Especially will American shipping IN
the Pacific witness tremendous de-
Velopment.
Honolulu undoubtedly will benefit
by the Panama canal trade, and as an
important link to the mainland must
receive adequate protection"
Congressman Elston Of California is
alive to the shipping needs of Hawaii,
not only now but in the future. His
vision carries him ahead few years.
when he says Honolulu as result OF
the growth of the American marine in
the Pacific will double in size-will
have an overnight growth and become
an important shipping center.
There are at least SEQ Zessels, large
and small, now building on the Pacific
coast alone, and within six months
some of these will begin to come from
the ways, and do"btedly, he says,
will enter the Hawaii service as
freight carriers. He says Hawaii may
feel the pinch of a shortage of bot
toms for the coming six months, but
it should not extend beyond that. The
greatest pressure for bottoms is at the
present moment because. of the neces-