davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
British People Slow
to Change Habits

"Do you think that the British
people have realized this, and tried
to make as much available for the
government as possible?" he was
asked.
There is only one answer to that"
was the reply. $50 far the British
people as whole have failed to real
izc it adequately. That has been
partly due to the natural and deep
seated dissemination TO change long
established habits and standards OF
living, and partly because many in
dividuals are still 80 far from COM
prehension of the realities of war
that they insist upon what they cal
their right to spend their money as
they please. The work of what is
called the War Savings Organiza-
ton is 10 make the national needs so
clear that both these causes will be
overcome"
There is a strong movement In
America to keep people from upset.
ting the national industries by saw
ing too much. What comment would
you make on that"
"Tt would be foolish to speak about
a situation that | have not studied.
But though it is true that the re.
direction of materials and labor must
be made gradually, the fundamental
fact remains that every possible
ounce of goods, every hour of service,
must he available for the nations
use. That is the principle, and each
country must apply it for Itself"
What are you TO say to the man
or woman who does work Of national
Importance and then claims the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
A Metallurgical
Research institute

The Germans seem TO have M
doubt as to their industrial position
being difficult after the war. In fact,
there is admitted the gravity OF the
fight which the German iron industry
will have 10 carry on upon all fronts
after the WAT" One speaker goes so
far as to say: 81 think no one can
doubt any longer that. after the VIC
tory Of our arms. our enemies VIII
endeavor with all their strength to
irfict upon us subsequently an eco
nomic defeat of the Severest possible
nature" With a view TO counterlng
these Vaccinations Of the enemy "
the meeting approved the noteworthy
suggestion that there should be
founded an Institute for Metallurgl-
cal Research. Ii would seem from
this that the Imperial Testing Labor
atorv at Chsrlottenburg is not
enough 20 meet the case, and that
something more specialized is re
ouired. We might we'll take a leaf
out Of the enemy's book here. Per
haps the time is not far distant when
there will be set up in this country
a similar institute or department. As
showing the kind Of work that the
Germans propose to put before their
research institute We may mention
The mechauico-c chemical dressing Of
ores, the development OF the metal
mixer to make it serve as 4 prellml-
nary refining apparatus, the better
utilization Of the waste products OF
metallurgical working in general, the
Improvement Of the deoXidation proc
esz as hitherto known, thermic con-
troll in steel works and rolling mill
working, and also the saving of man
gsnese. 10 which matter reference
has been made above,
Accustomed as we are to look upon
Germany as a model Of what can be
done by organization, IT IS interest
;ne to note that grave anxiety was
expressed at the Dusseldorf congress
that German industry was drifting
toward a stage of over-orgsnization.
Remarks we're made on this subject
that differ very little from those that
NAV be heard here on the subject Of
the multiplication. Of committees.
Thus. General Groener is reported to
have complained that zone new Office
after the other was being created,
one organization was treading on the
heels Of the other, and the number Of
advisers and committees was Legion;
IN fact. in order to staff all these or
ganizations one had no longer suffi-
Gent men who knew anything Of the
matter in question, and It could serve
10 useful purpose TO appoint men
without knowledge Of the subject"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
Oil Flow Does Not Keep Pace With
The Rapid Increase In Worlds Consumption
Surplus Stocks Are Drawn Meet Abnormal Demands for War Purposes
With PASSING Of the "Gusher Producers Are Relying on Combined
Output From Larger Number Of Small Wells Maintain Supply

take the place Of some Of the lighter
oils of the United States, and allow
these 10 be used for other products.
Then there is the wildcat territory
of the great plains Of the West, and
the Dakotas, Nebraska, Alabama,
Georgia, Mississippi and Tennessee
still TO be exploited. Washington and
Oregon also hold possibilities. But
no important fields have yet been
discovered in these states, although
many biologists look upon them ia
vorably. Texas is also an important
hunting ground, and may yet rival
Oklahoma. All this, however, is
purely speculative and does not enter
into the immediate supply.
At the present the producer Is
hampered by lack Of material for bis
wells. The price for all pipe and oil
we'll supplies has advanced some 300
PER cent, and cannot be had in suf-
ficient quantities even at that. With
material to be had as called for
there probably would be five hundred
more wells completed each month.
Summing up the situation, the
balance between production and con-
sumption in the United States is so
close as to warrant a feeling of I'M
easiness on the part of those in
terests anxious to supply the worlds
needs. A production Of some 100000
barrels a day and stocks aggregst-
ing 100000 barrels, which are
being drawn upon each month to
meet the demand, comprise the
visible supply upon which the coun-
try must depend for its requirements
in the immediate future.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
German Scientists
Hard at Work to
Find Substitutes
Efforts to Overcome Scarcity OF
Copper, Lubricants and Man
ganese Partly Successful

By The Engineering Correspondent o. rae Lpodon
Dsiy telegraph
1T is not very often that there
d reach the countries az war
with Germany authentic details Of
what is being done during the war
by German technical Institutions.
Accounts Of work Of this nature are
usually carefully kept within the
confines Of the Central Powers. All
the more interesting, therefore, is
the verbatim account of the recent
annual general meeting Of the Ger
man Iron and Steel Institute, which
Sir Robert Hadheld has secured and
translated in order that English
readers may obtain some knowledge
Of the condition Of the vital iron and
steel industry in Germany.
This remarkable document shows
that sn immense amount Of research
work is being carried out by our ere
mics in spite Of the war. Psrticu-
larry is attention being devoted TO
the discovery of materials TO replace
those Of which supplies are inter
fered with by the blockade of the
Allies. Thus the Blast Furnace
Commission has occupied itself with
the question Of replacing copper by
iron as material for the construction
Of blast furnace tuyeres, while work
has been carried ont with the object
Of finding a substitute for the cop
per sulphate that is used IN wire
drawing mills Steps have been
taken for the substitution Of mild
steel for copper a a material FOR
iire-box plates for locomotives-this
or the initiative Of the Royal Rail
road Central Office. The results OBJ
tanned so far are reported to have
been satisfactory, though, Of course.
a longer period Of trial will be re
quired before g definite judgment
can be formed
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
Politics Upsets Loan to China

When Chicago bankers who con-
templated making the Chinese gov
eminent loan Of $25,O00.O00 re-
Gently broke off negotiations they
announced, according to the Far
Eastern Review that the present
political outlook in that country
was not to their liking. The
Chinese, on the other hand, had some
thing TO say about the terms being
harsh. Both parties to the negotis-
tions, however, announced that the
deal would probably be consum-
mated At some future time when
the atmosphere had cleared.
While the fruitless discussions
about rates of interest, Chinese Sc
curities and other matters were
going on the public in China, it ap-
pears, heard little about the pro-
posed loan, but at the eleventh hour,
when both parties were ready TO
concede that no agreement could be
reached AZ this time, the matter was
given a good deal of advertising by
the Tuchuns.
H. suddenly occurred to the rebel
lious military Governors, who, it is
said. knew little about the loan, that
the President and his supporters, not
to mention Parliament, might have
American support in the form Of
good American gold, and that the
money, if secured, would go to the
support Of counter rebellions in
South China. Through General
Chang Hsun, the Mediator" the
following inquiry was therefore sent
10 Picking:
To the President and Prime Min
ster: We hear that the government
has negotiated a loan with American
bankers, using the tobacco and wine
monopoly as security. and that the
Ministry Of Finance has authorized
the printing ~ bonds for the pur-
pose. kilograms from various prov
inces have been received making
inquiries about the matter and de-
olsring that such a loan. IL concluded
under the present circumstances,
could not be recognized BY them. and
that IT might njure the general well
fare OF the country. Please tele-
graph IL such a loan has been &C
tually concluded CHANG HSUN.
As the Vice President of the Chi
cago Continental and Commercial
Bank, Mr.. John j. Abbott, had al
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19

that IL represents an annual loss Oh
%. 900 .0OO TO 3O,O00,000 marks. II
we can succeed in abstracting the
manganese and iron from the
Thomas Stag not only shall we save
a great part Of this loss, TO the ecne-
fit Of our national economy, but N
consequence thereof we shall reduce
by many hundred thousands OF tons
the quantity Of manganese and iron
ores TO be extracted from our mines
by us per annum."
As regards refractory materials 1t
would seem that both combatantS en-
gagged in the solution Of problems
confronting their manufacturers OF
refractory bricks and other furnace
materials, the German Iron and
Steel Institute having associated it.
self. lust as has the British Iron and
S.eel Institute, with the representa-
tive bodies of the various branches
of industry interested in the use OF
refractories. The German institute,
however, makes a special point Of
recommending "the utilization of
available refractory materials lying
in the occupied territories"-some-
thing to which We cannot aspire
as yet.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
Lubricant Problem
Has Been Solved

An echo of Germany's shortage OF
lubricants is contained in section OF
the report which states naiveIy that
"a troublesome question was the
supplying of our works with suitable
lubricants, more especially seeing
that certain sources Of supply of oil,
which seemed to be available, cannot
be used at present" However, by
the manufacture of briquettes Of
mineral wax, the rolling mills are
said to have obtained a lubricant SER
viceable for war time purposes. APP
parently-though this is not clear
from the report-this wax has been
produced, thanks to research, on gas
producers while obtaining Glow tenn
perature tar" the results Of which
have led to a successful result which
imperatively calls for the widest pos
sible application of this process IN
practice" The question, which was
serious for a time, as to how oil for
large gas engines could be procured
for the works, is stated to have been
solved satisfactorily "by suitable
measures taken by the War Lubri-
eating Oil Company"
For the supply of the alloy metals
such as chromium. tungsten, and
molybdenum, which Germany re-
quires for special or high speed tool
steels, dependence has apparently
been placed upon the commercial
U-boats." Certainly nickel was
brought from the United States by
this means, and other essentia!
metals in all probability came the
same way. Since this source of the
metals is no longer available, it is
not surprising to learn that it has
become necessary to create quite a
special organization in order to regu-
late the consumption Of high speed
tool steel" which organization IS as
vet TOO new to admit of forming a
definite judgment, we are told.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
Free Spending by the Individual
In War Time Handbags Nation
British Financial Authority Attacks Doctrine That Every Kind
Fxnenditure Is Desirable to Keep Money in Circulation

calculated it is absolutely clear that
the government cannot get its fifteen
hundred millions worth of previously
uncalled for goods and services I'M
less huge amounts that were before
the war devoted to other things are
now sold only to the state.
IF private individuals reduce their
consumption and lend TO the govern
ment the money they thereby save, 1t
will mean that they are transferring
their purchasing power to the state
to that extent, and this can be used
to buy, for purposes Of the war,
goods and services equivalent to what
they would otherwise themselves
have consumed. In reality, they are
surrendering for national use a pro-
portion of the existing stock of COM
modities-of that supply of goods
and services for which the govern
ment and private individual COM
Lete as buyers.
Incidentally, this process nulllties
the increased demand and obviates
the higher prices that must of neces-
sity take place if government pur-
ohases are added to, instead Of being
substituted for the purchases of in
dividuals. That is the truth Of the
matter, and it must be faced"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
Manganese Shortage
Causes Trouble

II has been suspected for some
time past that Germany must he IN
difficulties regarding the supply OF
manganese, and that this is 80 IS
confirmed by the report. II is stated
that "the supply Of manganese
ore again called for further efforts,
which. Notwithstanding good prog
ress realized partly BY increasing
the home production and partly by
erdeavors to atilize all manganifer-
Gus substances 70 the utmost extent.
canno; yet he considered 20 have full
" achieved their end" No wonder
that speaker at the meeting urged
the need for research into the de-
sulphurization of blast furnace coke
with view thereby 10 save manga
rese in blast furnace working. He
pointed out that. with the present
utilization Of their Thomas Stag
they were causing each year 100000
tons Of iron and 10000 tons Of man
ganese, in the form OF their oxides,
TO be scattered on the fields and
meadows of foreign countries. which
f.. not particularly gratifying TO
these. nor can it afford any gratifi-
cation 10 our economic life. seeing
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19

ready given up the negotiations =
Cabinet replied 10 General CnI
Hsun quite truthfully in the e
lowing telegram:
To Tuchun Chang Hmn; ~
telegram has been received. n
agreement for tire borrowing "
the Chicago Bank OF S5,OOO0W
spring there was a provision i't =
negotiation Of a s25,OO0w J"
later. The representative OF res
bank came 70 China in Apfa
negotiate the loan, but nothing
factory could be arranged ~
President and the former PRIME
ister. General TUsu Chl-lvi' ~
however. kept informed Of ,ns -
ress Of negotiations snd ne,
sent vas asked This IS an o'o 49, -,
In view NJ the fact hat re ~
Of the banker were rather n,i''. -.
have stopped negotiation' W ,
visional agreement was mao,
there is Misunderstanding 10 tl'
port 'Oo'' '"' The cAslNEt
The fears Of the Tuchuns v"
meanwhile noised abroad me p
vincial administration were all
siping about the loan. Word o
OF course reached America VIC.
upon Mr.. Lansing, Secretary
State, promptly issued sta'en !.
denying categOrically that
United States, or rather the ADJ, :,
lean hnanciers, were giving
financial support to any is''''
China. -.
Without misapproprlatlns 3,
funds. had they been ADVANCE, -,
Chinese, il is held, could no, 90. -
used them for political or mn :.
purposes, as the loan when We =
der discussion was to have ot'- ~.
voted TO industrial de'eiOy p.sr
The Chinese are said to have no. -,
mind a scheme for building .,@
of iron works in various pare
country. M
On his departure from feA
Abbott published a sta'el ,Ds.rt;.
which he expressed his sa''si a,
with the security offered snu IN
the chances for investment ssD a,.,,t
in China, and gave the paOile , !, },
{, understand that he nau :.
means abandoned hope OF III. ,a ~.
literally in China when p0ll''''
Iitions were favorable.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19

300, 100000 barrels year may be
maintained for a considerable period.
But it is not enough. The consump-
ton has passed that amount, and is
steadily growing. The manufacture
of automobiles, tractors and gaso-
lene engines is increasing. II IS ex-
pected a larger number will be sold
this wear than last, and still more IN
1918. But the consumption from
this source is less than that de-
manded by the war, both as fuel and
motive power for vessels, battle
ships. aeroplanes, tractors and We
hicles. Petroleum, which was once
used exclusively for light and lubrl-
cation. has now become the impor-
tant power for propulsion of engines
on the seas, land or in factories, and
this use is steadily growing; 1T is
this demand which must be supplied,
and the 300,OO0,OO0 barrels daily
will not do it.
There is only a certain amount OF
easolene, lubricating oil, kerosene,
etc. in a barrel of crude petroleum.
Only so much flour can be obtained
from a bushel Of wheat; only so
much butter from a gallon of milk.
The same is true as to petroleum;
there is a limitation to its useful
contents. Practically no part of a
barrel of oil is wasted now. Each
pint is made to give up all that 1t
contains. New methods of refining
are increasing some of the more i'm
portant products and reducing those
in less demand, but this is only a
small gain in the total.
1t is believed by producers that the
10000, 00O-barrel yearly production
may be maintained by the known
fields and prospective ones in the de-
fined oil belts. Any extensions will
increase the output or make more
certain the maintenance Of the pres
ent one. The unexpected striking of
gusher wells will help; but this is
all speculative. The main fact is that
the present production is not equal
to the demand.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
Producers Expect
Much of Kentucky

The average producer believes
that the new production from Ken
lucky will about make up the loss IN
the old fields east of the Mississippi
for several years. Oklahoma, Kansas
and North Texas may he expected to
maintain the present output with
active drilling, or even increase IT
IL new gusher fields are discovered.
This last. however, is not dc
pendable, though probable, factor.
Louisiana and Wyoming are expect
cd TO make up for any loss IN the
mid-continent. 50 that The fields Of
the central United States are relied
upon TO at least hold their own ~
the amount OF oil they will produce
for some years to come. California
and the coastal fields are too erratic
in their production 10 be dependable.
Gusher wells may flood the market
tor a few weeks or months, and
thcn pass away, leaving only an sc-
emulation Of stocks to tell Of their
activity But aside from the gushers
there is steady production from
-allcr wells which can he relied
upon.
~ thi fs,ors the belief that the
present production Of . little over
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
Bad Example Often
Set by the Wealthy

The head of Britain's $500 n.
savings associations went O, ,
name two difficulties that had ia \
met. These were, first, that w.,l.,
people often set bad examples VIVA
could not be overcome; and. $780,
that the displays and ADVERTISING !,
luxuries and other things thst copv
be done without made it hard !,
reach city jewellers. In explains.
that people in rural districts, thoQ,,
having less money available, lsD, I,
much larger proportion to he "a.
ton, Mr., Kindersley paid an ur,,,
scious tribute to the power Of sdv,.
Using in arousing desires for thrr
Although Mr.. Kindersley reiuy5
to make any specific reference IA
America, he so worded his s,,,.
ments as 70 make clear his beFt
that America must ultimatelykr
crned by the same principles d.
are now being applied to EnglsM
UNLESS every one Of the Arr
learns what we may call The Ge.
trine Of goods and services, il sen,
tc me that we shall he landed in pr
great difficulties" he said earst5
"Only the vivid individual realm.
tion by each citizen that be hn
sponsible can make available 70 d,
Allies the enormous amounts Of
goods and services that they mus
have each day. Each civilian nus
not only know, but must feel, thai
armies and navies, though they ca,
win the war if properly suppOrtst
cannot alone win the peace that W
must have. Unless The represents.
tives of the Allies have back Of them,
at the time when the armies an!
naVies have won the war, natl0s
that are strong economically, thF
may fail. The economic strength &
a nation depends on the reatlrg
with which the entire nation a
make it's total supply Of goods q
services available for the purPs
decided on by its own goyernrE
That readiness must be dersly
and made effective noW in every 4
lied country, or it will be too late
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
The Dominion
OF Iron

In the course of what was enphst-
ically war" speech, the general
paid tribute-which applies also
in this country-to the members Of
the iron industry, upon whose per
formsnces the nation depends for the
supply of "all that is required by
way of weapons Of war;" and he lik-
ened what is required for fighting
purposes TO q pyramid, the basis of
which is coal and iron. According TO
him, it. was because she found her
self beaten in the domain of the
iron industry that England com
menced the war; He would have
made a true statement. instead of
palpably false one, had he said--ss
has been stated in 2 recent eremy
article on French Lorraine-that it
is for the dominion Of iron that goes
with possession of the Longwy-Briey
ore basin. near Verdun, that Ger
many is fighting. II cannot be too
widely made known in this country
that France has lost through the
occupation by the enemy territory
from which about 85 per cent of her
iron ore was extracted. This means
that Germsny's pre-war iron ore re-
serve, amounting to 81 per cent of
the European supply, has been large
ly increased at the expense Of
Frances 27' per cent. As Britain's
figure is only II per cent, it will be
seen how strong is Germany's pres
ent position in this respect, and how
unlikely It is that she will volun-
tarily give up the French iron, which
Napoleon, in his proclamation of
March 8, 1900, announced to he "nec-
essary in order to command peace"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19

right TO spend his wages q, :,
as he pleases?"
Mr.. Kindersley's apsw.,
quick and direct. This wa, ,,;, ~
ly familiar question. az vorIs
to him, You have sold tho ,..,
certain amount of services ana
terial. That was for III. ,,.;' =
good. Now you turn right ,br,, ''N
nullify the effect of what W. !, %
done by depriving the governs. a''' :
nearly an equal amount 4, ~
goods and services. You on. - :
government forty-four hours !, 49,
making, and then deprive Il n ~ ~
ems of hours of services BY r,i. 1'''
yourself the efforts Of worker, :, w
the nation could use !, 49,.
ways" ~
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19

His further point, snent the water
tight compartment" attitude Of the
official mind-as to which Bismarck
said that a regular departmental
patriot" was always looking upon
any other department as foreign
country"-must also appeal to us.
plagued as we are in the same way.
We can agree, too, that superven-
ing circumstance Of this attitude is
that each newly created office com
mences with inquiries notwith-
standing the fact that similar inquir-
les have already been instituted pre-
by existing departments, the
results of which have been quietly
5helved by these departmental