davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28
Again the Bugbesr
Of Interchsngeability

The reason advanced for the change
was that the ammunition furnished the
men at the front might be interchange
able between the Springfelds used by
the eXpeditionary force and the En-
fields used by the newer armies. here
again the geablllty idea was
shown, persuading the Ordnance Board
to spend months extending the capacity
Of its own arsenals and equlpplng new
plants TO turn out Springfield ammunl,,
ton when numbers of factories stood
ready to begin delivery Of Enfield car
tridges at once. .
TIE change in the ammunition, OF
course, led to important changes IN the
rife. II became necessary 10 make
over the receiving and firing mechan-
ism and TO change the diameter OF the
bore. This in itself meant the loss OF
several months in the production OF
new gauges and tools. The factories,
nevertheless. FASTENED 10 submit tool
made models Of the Enfield gun, re-
chambered for Springfield ammunition.
and test of these models was made
early in June at the Springfield Ar
senal.
Five thousand rounds of ammuni-
ton were fired by each OF the models
submitted by the three factories. Inc
test lasted three days, and II was stated
that the rifles stood up under them 70
the satisfaction OF the government ex-
perts.
The summer wore on. No orders
came from Washington for the fac
tories TO proceed with the manufacture
of the modified rife. Officials investi-
eating the reason for the delay were
met with the information that the Ord
dance Board was considering the prob
! lem Of making the products of the
/ three factories interchangeable.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28
News in Brief

Franz Won Rintelen. who was brought here
from a British prison TO TESTIFY against Ger
man consprators and was himself convicted.
has obtained writ Of habeas corpus lie
alleges that his surrender by Great Britain
was Illegal
George p Watkins. assistant chief statistl-
clan of the Public Service Commission. IS in
the Ludlow Street Jail in default OF 500
back alimony.
Police Commissioner Woods pointed TO the
career of Georges Guynemer as an example
and inspiration for sixty-four policemen grad
uated from the Headquarters training school.
The graduating class was in khaki.
Colonel Roosevelt and slayor Mitchell will
speak al National Service Night" meeting
al Madison Square Garden October ;. II Is
70 he a mass meeting Of all civilian war
organizations.
An appeal has been filed from, the decision
Of Surrogate Fowler. upheld By the Appellate
Division OF the Supreme Court, that Hetty
Green's $4,000 600 estate IS not taxable in
this state.
Silk has crowded out another Madison Ave-
nue. landmark. the former home Of Dr.. H.
Hobrook Curtis, az Thirtieth Street. which
is soon 20 be torn down 10 make room for Il
silk concern.
Patrick McGrath. locked UP in New Bruins
wick y. j. as a desertsr, commandeered the
warden's revolver. held up the force Of keep
cr. put on the warden Sunday clothes and
escaped. He reported 20 his company COM
mander and promised TO return the clothes
and revolver.
Charles Edison. son Of the inventor. has
been invited, with members OF the Iapauo
commission. 20 see the tusks o. an elephant
used as a wireless receiving station in Times
square. New York. The tusk5 will be in the
elephant.
Cooper Union offers a free day course in
telegraphy for women. The regular free
evening classes in eocution. oratory and de-.
bate for men and women will begin the first
week ia October
The Sightseeing fo.h.s Talryon and Tour
ist will continue their trips a. long as the
weather j. favorable
The Erie Railroad has invited any smploye
VINO thinks he can I'LL a higher position TO
write To the management and tell why.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28
Perfection Later
Or Rifles Now !

7ut the difficulty had not been en-
-;r,Iy solved. The products OF the
three plants were found TO be inter-
,hangeable only TO the point at whlcn
INC individual soldier could make re-
roirs on his rife on the battlefield.
that is, any one OF the easily remov-
,blc parts which was damaged Ia the
trenches could be replaced by SINH
la part made in any of the three fac
cries. This was not true, however, OF
he more intricate parts OF the rlne.
II the gun was so badly damaged that
j.. bad TO be sent back 20 the repair
shon for readjustment. II would be nee
cssary TO replace the broken parts with
rleces made in the same factory or go
% the trouble Of fitting similar pieces
from the other factories 20 the gun by
machinery.
Obviously an advantage is gained in
lh,, situation il similar parts from
tae three factories are interchangeable.
Z. means that, instead of having three
rlics 20 choose from in replacing a
specified part in specified rife, there
O.. My one pile.
But tho question which the mechanl-
cal experts outside the service are ask
ing is this: Which is more important
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28
Army Couldn't Hold Them
at Present Wages, Says
Union Official
Car6eld's Aid Sought
Agreement by Joint Commit
tee of Operators and
Worker. Is Expected

WASHINGTON, Sept. %. Soft coal
miners all over the country Will strike
II their demands for an increased wage
scale are denied, according to union
representatives.
THE men are working now only IN
anticipation Of this increase. said n u
Lewis. one of the miners representa-
tives, to-day. IF they don't get II a
draft army could not hold them at WORK
under present conditions"
Rembrandt Pesle, the operators ad-
wiser to Fuel Administrator Garfield
asserted. however, that there would be
no strike His confidence IS construed
10 mean that a satisfactory agreement
will be reached al the conference Oh
operators and miners now IN progress
here.
To-day a joint scale subcommittee
composed of two miners and two opera
tors from the Central field Nesterh
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois and lndi-
ana-considered the wage demand,
which the operators had formally re
iectsd Yesterday. A decision by the SUP
committee is not expected before Satur-
day.
The first move OF the miners to gain
Fuel Administrator Garteld's consent
10 a wage increase was made to-day,
when Frank Hayes, vice-presldent. ana
John Lewis. statistician of the united
Mine Workers, submitted figures show
inc a labor shortage Of 10000 men IN
the four states affected by the demand.
They said that the present wage scale
is not high enough to keep the miners
from going TO munition factories and
other establishments where they re-
ceive higher pay The draft also was
said 70 be increasing the shortage
Dr. Garfield was asked TO grant
rencral wage increase IN the central
competitive field. in which virtually 80
pe- cent of the bituminous coal IS
mined, for the duration of the war. or
for two years ending April /, 1920, 10
s;abilize coal prices and hold the
miners a: their work.
rhe Federal Trade Commission IS
understood to be investigating com
rlaInts filed by coal operators in the
central field. These inquiries began
before the miners demand for in,
creased pay. One contention OF the
operators is that the present govern
-acnt price in some instances is below
he actual cost Of producing.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28
Talk Of City Hall

Mayor made an agreement with the
Fusior Committee when he accepted its
designation for reelection that he
should not be called upon for speech
making before the primaries. Word
comes from one of his staunchest and
most prominent supporters among
Brooklyn Republicans that it is his own
fault if he has lost the Republican
nomination.
"The Mayor was too much of hiSn-
brow TO make primary campaign an
Brooklyn, and that has probably cost
him the nomination and the election
according to this authority. He was
strongly advised TO make four ght
campaign in Brooklyn. making six
speeches night. If he had done that
he would have collected 5000 more
votes there, and that would have given
him the nomination, with no one ever
thinking Of contest.
But he could not see il. Some of
lis ill-advised friends told him it
would be undignified for the Mayor to
make a campaign in the primaries.
Mitchell took their advice, while Ben
nett did not worry about his dignity,
bU. went over there and made a cam
pa;gn that has apparently given him
ne nomination"
u was not a part Of Mr.. Titles plan
TO send the Mayor out speechmaking.
ANY such idea had been settled in the
I e. ative before he became campaign
manager. What he purposed doing was
70 send other speakers, some as promi-
uent as the Governor of the state. into
every district in the city to talk for
'hc Mayor. Possibly he was slightly
ingenious in expecting that the Gov
cr1or would accept his invitation TO
rally enrolled Republicans about the
Mitchell standard But for the rest his
programme appeared rot only feasible,
but highly sensible.
What he accomplished of it in the
end was somply 10 circularize the Re
publicans of the city with a letter urg-
ing them 10 vote for Mitchell and signe I'd
by startling array of bIgwigs in the
party, including the Governor. This
letter was sent out Sunday night pre-
ceding Wednesday, Primary Day. For
one reason or another change of ad-
dress, temporary absence from two OIL
whstnot-a great many enrolled Re
publicans failed 70 receive il until al
ter they had recorded their vote. Those
Who did get II IN time were not i'm.
pressed by it as they might have been
BY speeches from the signers. In al
events, IL failed dismSly TO turn the
tide.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28
Perkins Answers
His Farmer Critics
Denies Main Contentious
Made by Them in Advertise
ment He Paid For

George W. Perkins answered yes
terday the advertisement appearing IN
the morning papers from the farmers
organizations of the state attacking
him AS unsuited 10 head the STATE Food
Commission. Mr.. Perkins had agreed
to pay for the advertisement when
Samuel Fraser. chairman OF the Zen
trail Committee Of Farmers Organl-
cations. told him the farmers could
not afford TO do so
Mr.. Perkins issued brief statement
in the form of a letter to Mr. Fraser,
denying the main contentious OF the
farmers. lie says he never advocated
Prussian methods for running the
country, as charged in the advertise
ment, but had often called attention
"a many excellent characteristics Of
German economic methods. He denied
responsibility for bad working condi-
tons in the Osborn Harvester factory,
at Auburn. \. Y, and insisted that
the harvester company, winch he VI
ganized. corrected labor evils in the
Auburn works after acquiring the
plant.
Mr.. Perkins further denied that he
wanted to become president of the
food commission. He had been drafted
bv Governor Whitman, he said, and
held that no American citizen has the
right to be Stacker at this critical
period in our country's affairs"
II am naturally gratified,' he con-
tinued. "to find that nowhere in your
advertisement do you question my Gbil-
ity or intention, if confirmed, to en-
force the law. This, in effect, is the
highest Endorsement Of the Governors
nomination"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28
Intricate Process
DELAYS Production

Every change in the fnal makeup
Of a rife makes necessary the making
of new master gauges, new shop
gauges and new tools. To complete
new tvpe of rife, even while using an
old TYNE as a basis. is the work OF
months This, in essence, is what the
Ordnance Board has attempted with
the Enfield ,-,o
II took nearly two years to develop
tho gun which the Winchester Rem
inrton and Eddystone factories are ca
pable of turning out up TO its present
noint Of perfection. II has been passed
NV the British boards of inspection as
suitable to the uses for which II was
ordered
The first guns turned out by the
American factories for the British were
not entirely satisfactory. The orders
called for an improved type Of Enheid'
adanted from the weapon when the
English had been manufacturing IN
their own country for some years prlor
"a the outbreak of hostilitles. only
the specifications were sent 20 the
manufacturers in this country.
Each manufacturer worked out these
speciications independently, with the
yesult that they turned out three types
of rife, differing IN many essentlal oe-
tails. A halt was called, and alter
delay of several months the master
Gauges governing the dimensions OF all
narts of the mechanism were obtained
from England. Then shop gauges ana
now tools were made, and the manu-
fs,ture Of the guns proceeded.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28
Factories Idle;
Mew Army Left
Without Guns
Continued from page |

the Flanders front. Ammunition could
have been supplied for these rifles from
a large number of American factories
which have been engaged in turning out
Enfield cartridges for the British dur
ing the last two years.
Military necessity demanded that the
expanding armies of the United States
be supplied with rifles with the least
possible delay. This was accepted as
the compelling reason for replacing
the Springfield, which was acknowi-
edged to be a better type OF gun, with
the Enfield, which could be turned out
in far larger quantities.
But the factories did not proceed.
The rifles which the three factories
had been turning out did not come up
10 the ideals Of the Ordnance Board.
II takes great deal of time to read
lust the delicate mechanism OF a mod
ern rife, vet the board thought 1t wise
10 take the time, for reasons winch
are 10 appear.
Ii decreed:
FIRST, that the g,,n should be re-
chumbered for Springfield dmmun'-
ton.
SECOND. that the rifles Of the
three plants should be absolutely IN
Interchangeable IN all their parts.
Many mechanical engineers say that
full interchangeability under existing
conditions is practically impossible.
There are about 100 parts TO the
Enfield rife, 1000 distinct operations
being employed in its production; Each
operation requires the application OF
one or more gauges" A gauge is a
measuring instrument, adjusted to
| tbousandths Of an inch. The gauges
used in the several plants are pat
termed from master gauges, the manu-,
facture of which is an intricate and
exacting process, demanding the Ut
most skill on the part of the mechanic
and a considerable length of time.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28
$45,OOO,OOO Lost Yearly
On Eggs, Says U. S. Agent

MILWAUKEE,, Sept. 27.-"Forty-hve
million dollars worth OF eggs spoil an
ndally on account of poor market CON
ditions." said II. A. McAleer, of the
Government research bureau, at to-day
Session of the American Poultry Asso-
citation convention.
Most of the trouble arises from the
fact that wives of farmers do not place
the eggs on the market soon enough
and also on account of poor refrlgerat-
ing conditions through the country
he said.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28
What Is Going or To-Day

Free admission 10 me America Museum ~ -.
raj Wir1r, Ne~g York 10 ~ a. Pafa " III,
lard' PARK Museum. The Aquarium H'
American Museum % Sa.e'5
Rse.r,to,, and luncheon under r.e suspi-f' -
chamber u Commerce % N.u Nors 49, Is
r..-.l.. Iapsr.-e rl,,ur. bah ~ one ..'AF7
Lfhsay street. D. 80 m
Dinner. under Che auspices o M 1f - l-
tre .r honor yf aals'~ - u''..''. UT.
% -.
Adfr...s. ty Eil4 Roo. IIn.r| N|-'f d.
S,rsris and others A. mass Inr,t"s T. 49, 4
au.uirss n the Ceff-s. Commute ut ~
Ru.,l.r Organization. CarrszIr Nsi. p
Rarsptfor under the auspices ~ the JaPt s.''
Tor Japanese mission. Hole. Aslef, . ~ p
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28
mike" Sullivan Sought
As Exporter" of Gang
That Terrorized Ward

On his return from Philadelphia yes
terday, District Attorney Francis A.
Martin of The Bronx made public the
confession made a few DAYS ago BY
Little Bill" Burkhardt regarding the
murder Of Patrolman George A. Epp-
ley in Philadelphia on Primary Day,
September 10.
BurAhardt is one of the four gang
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28

from a military point Of view-inter-
changeability or rifles?
Already Ave months have been los:
while tie experts at Washington have
discussed the theoretical advantages OF
the Springfield bullet over the Enfield
and OF full interchangeability' over
the machine shop back Of the trenches.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28
Ammunition Change
Another Factor

Now comes the question Of ammuni-
ton. Experts interviewed by The Irlb-
une, men who have been concerned in
filling the British contracts and men
who have studied the rife making in
dustry ia this country for years, do not
accept a. adequate any of the reasons
for which the Ordnance Board deter
mined TO change over 20 American am
munitiCn. Granting that the American
bullet Gttains higher velocity than the
Enfield, they confess themselves at
loss TO understand what advantage is
gained by this factor under present
conditions Of short range warfare.
The importance of the matter lies IN
the fact That there are score OF fac
tories equipped 10 manufacture Enfield
ammunition in this country 10 one
manufacturing Springfield ammunition.
IL is admitted that the American
bullet is more powerful than the Brit
ish; that it can kill al longer range
Fired from an Enfield gun, the British
ammunition has range OF only $40
yards. as against $500 yards for the
Springfield. firing American cartridges.
But il was not the superiority of the
American ammunition on which the
Ordnance Board based its decision for
the change. This is short range war,
and for all practical purposes the En-
field combination is as useful as the
Springfield. Speaking on this point
before the House on May :. Represent
alive Tilson. as member of the House
Military Committee, said:
81 do not believe that the Enfield
rifle is regarded as the equal of the
Springfield rife for target practice. or
for open fighting, but the shooting
! qualities of rife are not of supreme
importance in the present kind of war
fare. The rife is not used so much as
shooting arm in trench warfare.
Machine guns are very largely used
! and finally the bayonet.'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28
Bennett NoW
Leads Mitchell
By All Votes

Continued from page !
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-28
Butch Did Cracking"

Butch did says Nick
Burkhardt says they all then hurried
back 70 New York.
A fifth man who the police believe
may have been a member of the gang
was taken into custody Yesterday by
Detectives Fiaschctti and Lagrue az
l49th Street and Morris Avenue. The
Bronx. He is Lorenzo Gumlna. known
in pugilistic circles as "Kid OLeary.'
Norwich bulletin., 1917-02-13
DR. WILSON STRONG FOR SPORTS
The Preparatory Schools One of the Biggest Arguments for Intercollegiate Sports-Prncpas and Head Matters All Were Trained Athletes in Their Day-AthIetcs Most Needed Part of the CurTicuIum.

interscholastic and intercollegiate sport and like all private schoolmas- ters has been bound by neither pre- cedent or alliance in eligibility. He has urged athletics for all and if for all why not for all? Therefore, all students are eligible for the athletic teams, whether interscholastic or in- terscholastic. Indeed, this is the sen sib1e solution of other private schools. Sport or play is for all. When the boy is dismissed from school he loses all school privileges. When he is at the school, all of its privileges are for him. Hill School, of Pottstown, has much a similar code. It is a highly satisfactory code in the schools of the land but when Trinity college at tempted to follow it a year ago it time being. all because one of its stars had been unable to make good in a try out with Connie Mack for the Philadelphia Athletics. It is possible and because preparatory school ath- letics are developed at school.
 So Dr. Wilson has followed this code and successfully. especially where cerned. And he believes that schol- arship code is a poor one for the teacher as it puts him under too great temptation. That athletics are impor- the belief of this headmaster, 8 belief he stands behind to the exgnt that his athletic coaches are first of all teachers. Dr. Wilson coached the nine and eleven for years. Recently he has turned this work to teachers less busy than himself but no younger or more active. Indeed Dr. Wilson is still a college boy in everything. except num-. Der of birthdays, which do not neces- sarily make one old.
 Athletics have helped Kiski because everyone at Kiski is urgd to go in for outdoor life which in this case Is nothing more than properly supervised play. The teams have been good be- cause men like Dr. Wilson, and his assistant, W. H. Mac Coll, Prince toms greatest fymnast, have been at the head of sport There is nothing but praise for system like the ath- letic one at Kiski. It is a democratic school, run by a democratic head who appreciates more than all others at this school that athletics, both at school and college, are a most needed part of the curriculum.
 Copyrighted, 1917. by Sol Metzger.)
Norwich bulletin., 1917-02-13

At the First Congregational church Sunday evening there was a good au- dience to hear the Dixie Quartet of Colored Singers from Boston. The notes of Steal Away and Roll Jor- dan Roll. the singing of I Knok- the Lord Has Laid His Hand On Me, and, Lord, Want to Be a Christian. were exceptionally pleasing. Miss Lillian Terry, soprano soloist. was heard at the offertory- in Turn Me Not Away. Much appreciated was the sympathetic rendering of Paul Lawrence Dunbars When Melinda Sings. by Miss Ella Fowler. Other members of the quartet were James Goldman and William Ter ". 5,-s--@
 Rev. G. H. Ewing gave a brief ad- dress on the words. Be Ye Ready. It being in the midst of anniversary week for the Boy Scouts. attention was call- ed to the preparation for service. One must be physically strong. mentally alert, morally straight. The watch words are, contemplate, consecrate, concentrate. The valiant Christian is the minute man of the twentieth cen