davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1917-10-07
Kerensky Deies
Workers for Chaos

" ing propertied
classes. and who wish to rule with ex-
tremist ideas. be permitted to grab the
Esins and steer Russia along a winding
course that leads to nowhere?
Out OF the maze of apparently con-
Trajectory situations. as portrayed in
pXess dispatches from Petrograd. this
question crystallzes and each day looms
up more important than on the pre-
vfous one.
The Bolsheviki continue their open
defiance of recognized forms. Premier
kerensky has taken the bit in his teeth
and defies his critics. The Bolsheviki
Teiterate their claims that Russia's fu-
cure can rest secure only in the haven
pf their radical principles. Kerensky.
&r-seeing and brave. knows that the
Russia of the future must rest upon
foundations wrought from building
stones furnished by all classes of peo-
pie. IL Russia is to survive for all time
and avoid revolution after revolution
inspired py the extreme class hatred
engendered through the battles for
power raging AT the present juncture.
The democratic congress. which was
called by the Petrograd council Of SOL
diers and workmen's delegates, after
the Bolsheviki obtained control, has
peen meeting Tor more than week.
Kerensky and his war minister, both
students of the future, appealed to the
various elements represented in the con
gress to bide their time. have patience
and support the premier's regime
kerensky never has recognized this
congress as having official character or
authority to speak for the masses of
the Russian people Kerensky. how
ever. saw the wisdom of winning AWAY
the majority of the convention from
the influence of the radical Bolsheyiki
leaders, and has made this effort I'm
to date he apparently has failed to bring
about this much-coveted situation. Tor
the reason that after having voted FOR
coalition cabinet. which, however
was to exclude the bourgeoisie and con-
stituttonal democrats, the congress i'm
mediately reversed its action and voted
against coalition of whatsoever char
acter.
And Kerensky has openly defied the
Bolsheviki. stating that q new coalition
cabinet will be formed whether or not.
The issue is clear cut. There possibly
VIII be no immediate backing down by
either group. What will result no ma n
can safely conjecture. else it be a pe-
riod OF chaos out of which the saner
elements of the nation eventually will
emerge victorious. Intermediate stages
OF development are beclouded.
During the past week Premier Keren-
sky conferred with representative Mos
cow business men who are enemies OF
the revolution in the eyes Of the Boil
ahov1k1 Premier KefenslkY - said to
Evening star., 1917-10-07
NOT IN THE POWER OF ENGLAND
TO RESTORE GERMANY'S COLONIES
TO WIN FREEDOM OF BELGIUM

power from Suez to Tangier, from
Cairo to Cape Town.
Germany. the pan Germans, nour-
lsheu dream of restoration of the
oid German empire in Europe. of a
NJ which should stretch from
1he Ihannel to the eastern limits of
Gouriand and Poland and from the
baitic TO the Persian gulf and Suez, the
9erman colonial party had a vision of
AIrican achievement only less splendid,
anu there were not few who dreamed
that the two conventions might he
!used. when German armies. with Turk
lsh aid, entered Cairo, and other Oer-
man man Iorces, armies created out of the
aonhaiess .,n human reservoirs OF Central
AFRICA, should liberate the South
airican republics. restore the Beers to
the Ieutonic world and extineuish
BRUSH power at the Cape.
Few White Settlers.
such was the vision. but in July.
1914. the fact was still far different. In
an African empire five times the area
OF the fatherland the Germans had
established less than 22.000 white set
uers. All the sea gates to these col
1nies n Were either held or watched by
BRUSH possessions. Walfsh bay, the
one good harbor of German Southwest,
,sh dominated the coast of German
East, while the French in their KonRo
me British in Nigeria. held the har-
pors Oh the west coast of Africa, from
which railroads would eventually lead
inland to the Kongo basin.
In North Africa more than a million
europeans were settled under the
french flag. and cities like Algiers,
oran. Iunis. calling places Of German
ships, contrasted unnecessarily for car
man pride with the little stations of
German Africa. Even Dakar, on the
west coast. the coaling station for the
south American trade, was French,
while at Casablanca a new harbor and
a new French base were rising. At
the other end of Africa another million
OF whites. British subjects, were open.
ing a new empire. which was moving
northward toward the Kongo valley
with swift leaps along railroads which
were already approaching the shore OF
Tanganyika.
Evening star., 1917-10-07
Planned to Arm Blacks.

Behind all this lay the prospective
hosts that Germany could enlist among
the natives of the African empire un-
der German officers. submitted to Ger
man training. equipped with all the
resources of krupp. Already envious
of the progress made by France in
training Arab, Kabyle and negro troops,
whose fighting qualities had been re-
vealed in Europe in 1870. Germany con-
templated organizing black armies
end to the other and carry German
Evening star., 1917-10-07
Could Not Rule Blacks.

Nor had German colonial rule DESPITE
The construction of some railroads and
few model towns, been the success
that the German had expected. The in
ability of the German to deal with q
subject race had produced one of the
bloodfest of all wars between the white
and black in Africa. In German South
west the struggle with the Herrero had
ended only with the practical exter-
mination of the native and the colony
had been left without labor when the
terrible contest was over.
Yet 1t is just to say that before the
outbreak of the war there had been
a growing appreciation in Germany
that the African adventure had been
badly conducted. and that unless new
methods We're employed there could be
no German success comparable with
that of France with its millions Of
blacks in West Africa. or with that OF
Britain all over the world. Tales OF
atrocities in their colonies had stirred
the sluggish German pulse. and men
of the commercial rather than The
military class were beginning to Ap.
pear in colonial offices.
In the making of the colonial empire
in Africa Germany had already rous-
ed the fear OF the Belgians. who saw
their territory between the Atlantic
and Lake Tanganyika the object OF
German design. Was it not Bernhard
who had suggested, long before the
war. that merely by taking the Kongo
Free State Belgium had forfeited her
right to have her territory in Europe
respected? Portugal had taken alarm
when the Germans had prevailed upon
the British to agree to partition OF
Portuguese colonies when Portugal
consented to sell them. Yet, as the
Germans later charged. Portuguese
anXieties were stilled by a renewal Of
British promise TO defend these coll
onies until Portugal wished to part
with them.
Evening star., 1917-10-07
NEED OF DIVERSION,
NOT MONEY, IN CAMP
Situation of the American
Young Men in France Is
Portrayed.
WORK OF THE Y. M. C. A.
by HERBERT COREY.

AMERICAN FIELD HEADQUAR-
TIERS, August 27.-Let us suppose a
case.
Let US suppose that you were young
man in a strange land. Husky as
goat. With new muscles swelling all
over you. With hitherto unknown
pep" due to good food and hard work.
And with your pockets filled with
money every thirty days. What would
you do with the money!
We all know the answer You'd blow
it.
And suppose that you were so placed
that it is impracticable to buy anything
that weighs more than a feather. be-
cause some day you will have to pick
up fifty-eight pounds and walk twenty
miles-and repeat-and repeat-and
that you have gumption enough not to
load up with heavy stuff. Then what
would you do?
Put the money in the savings bank?
Like thunder you would.
Describes Exact Situation.
That is precisely the situation the
young men of the American Army are
in today. There are no better behaved
soldiers in the world. Most of the
men over here are volunteers. who
Joined because they wanted the first
crack at an enemy that has been tweak-
ing Uncle Sans nose for three long
years. The rest Army broke regu-
lars, who behave for various reasons,
not the least of which is that they have
been trained TO behave. These men are
making no trouble AZ ali. They are mod
els of conduct.
Evening star., 1917-10-07
Situation in Africa.

Turning now to Africa. the situation
is this. German southwest Africa was
conquered by troops belonging to the
I-nion of South Africa and led by the
nrirne minister of South Africa in per-
SON. Cen. Louis Botha. Prior to the
invasion of German southwest Africa
il had served as the basis OF an in
vasion of the Union of South Africa
and from it had been fomented the
De Wet rebellion. which was German
effort to arouse the Beers against the
british and thus take South Africa out
of the British empire as prelude 70
its entrance into German South
Africa contemplated as far back as the
days when the emperor sent ms MS
tortc dispatch to Kruger.
That South Africa would consent to
the retrocession of German Southwest
Africa and the return of German infu-
ence to the South African frontier, the
return of German soldiers to the bor-
ders of the colony, is even more un-
thinkable than the Australian case. be-
cause- after all, the Germans held no
territory on the mainland of Australia
and were separated by considerable
breadth of water from the Australian
coast. On the other hand, the frontiers
Of the Union of South Africa and of
German Southwest Africa march for
MANY hundreds of miles. Gen. Smuts in
I,ondon-next to Botha the most con-
spicuous of South Africans. and, like
Rotha a Boer-has very emphatically
asserted that under no circumstances
would the South Africans consent to
the restoration of German power in
south Africa, using language quite as
forcible in describing reasons quite as
copent as those of Sir William Holman
nuoted above.
Evening star., 1917-10-07
Botha Loyal to Britain.

When the war came it had it's echoes
in South Africa. De Wet. one of the
most famous of the Boer leaders,
promptly raised the standard Of revolt.
and to this some thousands of the old
Beers fiocked. But the real power In
South Africa was Louis Botha. the
greatest of Boer generals in the prevf-
Gus war and now the first prime min.
ister in the new colony. In the great
crisis he never hesitated and his influ.
ence was decisive. The last days Of Oc.
tober saw the outbreak Of the rebellion:
by December 1 the whole thing had
been stamped out. De Wet was q pris-
oner, all the raiding bands. which never
attained the Importance of armies, had
been dispersed or captured. South
africa had demonstrated its determine.
ton to remain under British rule.
The next step was inevitable. Britt
Ish South Africa had been invaded from
German Southwest: the adjoining 0er.s
man colony had been the base for con.
spiracy and the starting point Of IA.
yasfon. Now. tust as the American oolo-f
nists in the seventeenth century haa,
CONTINUED On Sixth Paeo) ::
Evening star., 1917-10-07
How Australia Views It.

Nothing authoritative can be saio
about Australia's determinations win
regard to New Guinea except by the
Australian federal government. II Is
their right. and theirs alone
But speaking as Il citizen OF the AUS
tralian commonwealth, with some
knowledge of Australian feeling ana
desires, l would say:
"I) German New Guinea-noW ia
Australian hands-borders for many
hundred miles that other portion or the
island which has always been Aus
tralian. 80
"(2) New Guinea would furnish base
naval and aerial-for future hosthe
enterprises against Australia
"I3) German New Guinea is wlthih
four days' steam of Australia's northern
(Queensland) ports-within another
three days of New South Wales ports.
when hostiiities began Australia
was asked to capture New Guinea. Ihis
was. principally, in order thaI sne
should destroy wireless installation
there. It was done. almost ploodiessIS
but thoroughly. under the leadership o!
Gen. Holiness one OF the most staiWart
soldiers. since killed in Flanders
Evening star., 1917-10-07
Watch Course
of Argentina

have stoutly clamored for war. The
chamber and the senate voted for n break
with Germany. President Irigoyen con-
| tinues steadfast against such course.
AS a result anarchistic strikes have re-
suited throughout the nation, working
great hardships.
The President of Argentina declares he
Is not pro-German. but that he wishes
be really felt in the struggle once the
step into war is taken. In the mean
time he is urging other South American
nations to assemble in conference with
the idea of perfecting a united demand
on Germany to end the present strug-
gle, the penalty for not doing so being
general commercial boycott of Ger
man goods throughout South America.
This plan Is tentative in its form. and
} 1t still is in doubt whether it is accepta-
BILE to other South American govern
ments.
The Luxburg incident continues to
play an important role in several coun-
tries. Sweden being not the least of
| these. The liberal cabinet has resigned
/ and King Gustave, who is a relative by
| marriage OF the kaiser. has asked the
big political leaders of his kingdom to
form a coalition cabinet with the idea
| Of forsaking party difficulties and eff
fecting government which shal! truly
protect national interests by perpetual
! ing stricteSt neutrality
Great Britain evidently is nor in, =
! pressed with Swedeu's promise to he
/ good in the future. Undoubtedly recent
disclosures that Swedish diplomats had
aided the German government by tho
| transmission of certain unnentral moe
sages was largely responsible for Great
! Britain's Tightening of the commercial
/ boycott. The close relations of German.
! and Sweden have been proven beyond
all doubt. Germans high In govern
! mental circles have admitted that the
central powers have largely depended
on Scandinavian imports. Many neces-
stiles which Germany lacks for her mn
nitions output as we'll as economic
/ existence have been imported tbro,,ob
sweden and Holland it is declared EnI-
| lowing the early embargo curtaI1in. ;.
shipments to the Scandinavian coun.
| tries, well as Holland. Great Britain
now imposes the strictest sort of ex-
i port rules. which will make the b,,r-
dens of Scandinavia extremely irksome
| Scandinavia is learning that she can
! not f1irt with both the entente and Ger
many. She must show no fayors what
ever. particularly on behalf of Ger
many.
i The Norwegian government, which
| has maintained a greater degree Of
i neutrality than any Of her sister ma
! tions. Is restive under revelations af
i continued German activities witbin b :.
borders. German propa gandists are M
work and every effort is being made to
bring Norway to the German way ~
| thinking. These activities natura1lv
are prejudicing Norwav's Interests ~
the eyes or entente countries, and Nor
way realizes that She too. NAV he mad
to feel the entente displeasure to The
degree that Sweden is feeling 1t TO-DAY.
italian armies under Gen. Cadorus
Evening star., 1917-10-07


Now, the fact is quite different. GER
many's possessions in the Pacific. asioe
from Kiau-Chau, which was taken py
Japan and remains in Japans controi'
were occupied by Australia and Ne"
Zealand, and Great Britain possesses
no authority to compel Austraiia OF
New Zealand to restore these colonies
to Germany. The other day, when siF
William Holman, prime minister OF New
South Wales. was in New York. asked
him to make for me statement OF the
view of Australia with reference TO
German colonies in the Pacific. Ihis
statement follows. 1t is the opinion
of an Australian prime minister. "ho'
in the public life of Australia, mas an
influence only second to that OF the
prime minister of all Australia, the
Right Hon. William NJ. Hughes, ana
like Hughes, Holman is a member OF the
labor party. and expresses the vie" OF
the mass and not of the class of Aus
tralia. Sir William Holman said:
Evening star., 1917-10-07
Would Not Coerce Colonies.

Now, there is not the smallest possi-
bility. of course, that Great Britain
would use her fleets or her armies to
coerce Australia or to coerce South At
rica to restore this territory. To sup
pose that the British would fight the
Australians and the South Africans,
who have contributed very much to the
british cause in the present war, to re-
establish Germany in her Pacific and
south African colonies is Just as alb
surd as to suppose that Great Britain
would go to war with Japan to compel
the restoration to Germany of Kiau-
Chau. Australia, New Zealand and
South Africa are self-governing COM
monwealths. Their decision in the mat
ter Of these German colonies is final
and it has been made.
There remains now the question of
three other German colonies-Togo,
which II insignificant in size and value.
Evening star., 1917-10-07

tagonistic to organized governmental
forms.
The Bolsheviki, it is declared, will
attempt TO make the present democrat
Evening star., 1917-10-07
War Extinguished Dream.

And il was the German dream OF
African empire. of German kongo.
become almost as real as the German
Rhine. of n German Tanganyika. Of a
trans-Afrcan empire. was extinguished.
for the period OF the war in the first
months of the conflict and at the very
hour when German victories in Europe
Allied the bulletins of the world. Thus
the HohenZollernS in their turn Jared
as had the house of Bourbon when at
last sea power was aroused.
The conquest of German Africa 10
solely interesting. in the larger view.
because of the South African episode
Hardly a decade had passed since Brit
ish armies had at last ext!nguished
republics. Only eight years had elapsed
since home rule had been granted to
the conquered Beers and the Union OF
South Africa had become a fact. In all
German calculations there had been the
expectation that to a German appeal
South Africa-Boer South Africa
would rise again and the outbreak OF
for the end Of British rule south Of the
equator
That this did not happen was due to
the genius of the British race in deal
ing with it's colonies South Africa had
been swiftly reconciled after having
been ravaged by a long, bitter war.
years after French defeat.
forty-three years after the treaty OF
Frankfort, the mass of the people or
Aisace continued to resent German rule
and remained loyal to France. But In
less than a fifth of this time the con-
uuered Beers had been reconciled to
the new condition.
Evening star., 1917-10-07
French Feared for Kongo.

France. after the Agadir affair. had
seen her kongo territory mutilated.
Across that stretch of French territory
which had hitherto extended without
interruption from Algiers to the mouth
of the Kongo the Germans had thrust
two coils. and French Kongo seemed on
the map and to the French mind al
ready enveloped in the folds of the
German boa constructor and doomed to
ultimate disappearance. Already the
Kongo was for the French a second
Quebec.
As for Britain. until the outbreak Of
the war she regarded the German ef-
forts in Africa with something between
disdain and benevolence. Even a Ger
man colony extending from the Attain
tic to the Pacific and including the
Belgian and French kongos did not
stir the Briton's pulse, nor did the CO.
vert German menace to South Africa.
for single moment revealed to the
whole world when the kaiser sent his
historic message to President Kruger.
disturb the equanimitv of liberal
ministry. little concerned with imperial
ambitions and convt""s6 -''0t IN
nd already reached the point OF satu.
ration so far oCe-se Ipf Ions
were concerned. In Central Africa. "a
in Asia Minor. the British government
and public of 1914 were reconcfled to
German development. provided 1t did
not threaten the safety of Franco or
urecipitate any European conflict.
Evening star., 1917-10-07

what Will Argentina doo This is n
question which has been reiterated in
Evening star., 1917-10-07

italian armies under Gen. Cadorna
Evening star., 1917-10-07

Shall all Russia be represented in the
future government of the nation, or
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1917-10-05
RUSSIA'S REAL F. NJ

The Soukhomlinoff trial exposes
the superficiality of the view that the
Russian military collapse is in any
considerable measure due to the vaga-
rles OF the revolution. Under the old
regime the Russian army and the
Russian people were so shamelessly
and openly betrayed that nothing
short Of a miracle could have prevent
ed their thorough Generalization. Am
munition was deliberately withheld
from armies facing the enemy. Mill
tary plans were transmitted directly
from headquarters to the enemy. The
transportation system, inadequate at
best, was allowed to wreck itself into
us~elessness. Hundreds of thousands
Of lives were thrown away. And the
whole Russian people, after the first
campaign, suspected the rottenness in
high places that has since been exhi-
bited before the world. After such a
hideous experience Of betrayal, what
government, however competent, could
restore straightway the foundations
Of discipline? Wiseacres at a safe
distance are ~reiterating tediously that
Russia will not have a real army until
capital punishment is restored. Many
other things are required to give Rus
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1917-10-05
OLDEST CITY IN THE WORLD

Mount Ararat in Armenia is now
generally believed to have been the
spot where Noah left the ark. Not I'M
til 1929 did a mountain climber sue
coed in scaling it's steep ascent. DR..
Parrot, an Englishman, achieved that
distinction. For centuries the mount
tain had defied the efforts of noun
tain climbers and the Christian &C.
clesiastics of Armenia asserted, as an
article of faith, that Jehovah had
made the peak his earthly home, and
that no human could possibly reach
the top and escape divine vengeance.
When DR.. Parrot declared hat he had
accomplished the ascent, the priests
refused to believe him and still cling
to this attitude of skepticism in spite
of the fact that dozens of expolerrs
have since stood on the top of Greater
Ararat, and gazed out over Armenia
from an altitude of $1,000 feet.
James Bryce, former British am
bassador to the United States, climbed
Greater Ararat in September, 1876,
making the ascent alone. The Rus
sian governor had supplied him with
an ascort, but they were still 5000
feet short of the summit when, over
come with superstitious fear, they re-
fused to go on Mr.. Bryce described
the summit as a little plain of snow,
silent and d~esolate, with a bright
green sky above, and the view as
stern and monotonous.
Nakhitchevan, or Nakhikhevan, Ar
menia, on the slopes of Ararat's great
err peak, claims to be the oldest town
in the world. The name of the rude
little village means, ale descended
here" and the townspeople allege
that on that very spot Noah disem-
barked with his family and animals
and set up housekeeping, planted the
vine," made wine and celebrated.
The tomb of Noah's better half is