davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06

since the break with Germany was not
perceptibly increased by press dis
patches from London tonight annouhc-
ing that an American member OF the
crew of the British steamer Eavestone
had been killed by shells from Ger
man submarine. >,
Confidence apparently was felt IN all
or---ors that a full report would snow
to-. he vessel was attacked IN accord
ance with the rules OF cruiser warfare
and that the incident would not prove
70 be the overt act which will mean
war.
According to the stories Of survivors
the master and three members OF the
Eavestone's crew, including the Ameri-
can. were killed when they were leav-
ing the ship in boats. There have oeen
several instances in the past IN which
deliberate Smelling of boats was al
legged. but such cases have not been
established 20 the satisfaction O. the
State Department.
'- is believed here that the sheling
.n ..cates the Eayestone was resisting
g. attempting TO escape and that shells
intended for the ship may have struck
the boats.
The Eavestone sailed from Newport
News. Va, on December % with a
cargo of lumber loaded at Galveston.
She probably had discharged her cargo
and started on a return voyage.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06
BraziI's Note Completed;
u. S. Envoy Consulted

Rio Janeiro, Feb. 5.--Brazils answer
to Germany in the matter OF unrestrict-
ed submarine warfare has been COM
pleted. Dr. Lauro Muller, the Foreign
Minister, after a conference with the
diplomatic representative o. the United
States, put the finishing touches on the
note in collaboration with Clovis
Bevilacoua. who is the Brazilian rep
resentative on the arbitration tribunal
at The Hague.
DR.. Lauro Muller conferred also with
the ministers of Chile and Argentina.
Later at a meeting of the ministers,
President Wenceslau Braz explained
the situation and read the note of pro-
test. All the ministers expressed them
selves as in entire accord with the
terms Of the note, the moderate and
firm tone Of which evidences that the
attitude of Brazil will safeguard it's
rights and interests menaced by the
submarine campaign. The text of the
note will be made public after 1t has
oeen communicated 10 the various
chancellerles.
The "Gazeta Noticias' declares that
it has knowledge that the protest for
mulated by Brazil will be far from pre-
venting the adoption of measures which
are TO be taken i'm case of certain acts,
but will even serve as a basis for such
measures. The Brazilian government
in its note, says the paper, will specify
the acts which it considers hostile TO
its commercial independence.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06
Dutch IndOrSe Wilson's
Action, but Want No War

Amsterdam, Feb. ,. The "Handels-
blad," dealing cditorially with the sew
erance Of relations between the United
States and Germany, says every neu-
trial country whose sons sail the seas
must rejoice in the action OF the Unit
ed States. II asserts, however that
Hollands geographical position does
not justify her defending the life and
freedom OF her mariners by arms.
The Telegram" says that neither
the Dutch government nor people want
war. but that if Germany continues
cher mad course" the smaller noutrals
may find themselves confronted with
the necessity Of assisting in removing
the danger and defending their honor
and Independence and even their lives.
The "Neue Rottcrdamschc Courant
intcrprets President Wilson's words
not as "A request 10 ncutralS 10 sever
diplomatic relations with Germany or
declare war against her, but as an m
dication to Holland and other ncutrals
10 convoy or arm their merchantmen.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06
NATIONAL ANTHEM
ON PHILADELPHIA
AT NEWS OF BREAK
Rumors of War with Germany
Received Calmly by Liners
Passengers

London Feb. 5.-The orchestra
played "The Star-Spangled Banner and
other patriotic airs aboard the Ameri-
can liner Philadelphia, from New York,
when the news was received Of the
severance OF diplomatic relations be-
tween the United States and Germany.
Passengers on the Philadelphia ar
rived at London tonight from Liver
pool. where the liner docked earlier IN
the day.
There was also some cheering when
.he passengers recovered from their
surprise after reading a wireless mes
sage at noon Saturday. as the Phlladcl-
phia was nearing the danger zone of
Ireland but there was little excite
ment.
Even the rumor, which spread quick
~. that war had been declared, was re-
ce,ved clsmly. and only few women
refused 10 retire to their berths dur
ing the remainder of the voyage. Only
the usual precautions were taken while
passing through the danger zone. The
passengers reported sighting no sub
marine.
Mrs. Whitelaw Reid, who was met By
her daughter, Mrs. John H. Ward, her
sOn-in-law, in khaki. ana her little
grandson in naval uniform, said: 1--WE
had pleasant passage. We saw no
submarines The news Of the diplo-
matte break with Germany naturally
caused suppressed excitement How
ever. everybody behaved wonderfully
we'll"
The Philadelphia was day late be.
cause Of an accident TO her machinery
in midoccsn.
Passengers from the steamer Finland
arrived at London late tonight, and re
ported an unevcntful voyage. The news
Of the rupture with Germany caused no
excitement on that ship.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06
Berlin Eager to Maintain
Clauses for Civilians
Return Home
ALREADY VIOLATED,
is AMERICAN VIEW
U-Boat Threat Held To Be
Breach of COmpactS
of 1899 and 1928

Washington. Feb. Berlin dispatches
recalling two old treaties between the
United States and Prussia that might
have far-reaching effects in case OF war
were read with interest By Administra-
ton officials here. Germany is ANXIOUS
n have the treaties continued in force
but there are good reasons why the
United States should denounce them
officials declare.
One Of these treaties was made IN
1899 and the other in 1923. Both Urea
ties virtually had been forgotten until
the Berlin government invoked them IN
the case of the American schooner Will
lam P. Frye, sunk by the German aux
iliary cruiser Prinz Eitel Friedrich, no"
informed at Philadelphia. The Ameri-
can government later made use OF the
same treaty in the Frye case to prove
that Germany had no right to SINK the
Frye or any other American vessel no
matter what the circumstances.
The point which Berlin now empha-
sizes is the provision that in case OF
war between Prussia and the United
States the merchants" Of either nation
residing in the Other country should be
allowed nine months to settle their al
fairs and then permitted to depart
freely 80. c-.. =,
AS there are many million Germans IN
this country and few Americans IN Ger
MANY IL is obvious 10 officials mere that
the advantages of this clause are all on
one side. At the same time TINS facI
would not be a preteXt for denouncihg
the treaty. which expressly states thatt
il is TO remain in force as to this ana
certain other provisions even IN case OF
war.
The plain fact is, according to the
Washington view, that Germany already
has nullifed the treaty By her threat 70
sink American ships on sight. Inc
treaty expressly provides that American
vessels shall not be sunk, even when car
rying coutraband, though the contra
band may be iettisoned.
If the treaty is denounced, therefore,
if will be because Germany already mas
siguitied that she will not be bound by
it to respect American vessels.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06

ship and striking the water just ahead
We stopped the engines ANA thea fe
ycrs.d them. We were ordered 10 tax
our papers aboard the submarine.
When | boarded the submarine b'
commander at Hrst spoke in German
but being told that it was not undo.
stood he spoke perfect English. II
said: i find that the vessel is ladc'
with grain for London. IL is my du
to sink her, | protested vigorous;
The commander at first took no motto
and then explained: You are carry
ing foodstuifs 20 an enemy Of 10.
country. and though | am sorry IT .
my duty TO sink you
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06
U-Boat Captain Sorry
He Had to Sink u. S. Ship

Penzance, England. Feb. Captain
Enson, of New York, master of the
American merchantmen Housatonic, to-
day gave the following account of the
sinking of his vessel, taken from his
log:
"At 1890 o'clock on Saturday we
saw submarine. Aging no colors,
about $50 yards astern. She fired TWO
shots, the second passing close to the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06
U-BOAT SHELL
KILLS AMERICAN
Continued from page |

German submarine and the killing Of
Richard Wallace, an American seaman,
was laid before them.
As the information stands, this gov
eminent will not regard the incident as
the covert act" wnicn will lead TO war.
1t is pointed out that with a single ex-
ception the stories of the Smelling of
ships boats have not "panned out"
In any event this government will
wait for all the evidence as submitted
by American consuls before admitting
that a situation is created It is not
considered likely that the President
will take "thc next step" except upon
the commission of crime by the Ger
mans which comes squarely and beyond
question in violation of the law OF visit
and search.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06

is the worst possible kind Of propa-
ganda for German kultur
There is no possibility OF Germany
starving Great Britain. Next to your
selves, we are the most wasteful people
on earth, but figures of our food re
serves, with which ! am acquainted,
show that if we exercise moderate econ
omy the protection Of our navy viii
enable us to carry on the war Tor an
Indefinite number of years, If neces-
sary"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06
Wallace Known Among
Seamen i'm Baltimore

Baltimore. Feb. Paul Black and
Ducky Holmes. foremen for a cattle
agent here, both of whom arrived at
Newport News. Va. last Thursday, said
tonight that Richard Wallace was a
close friend of theirs and that as far
as they knew he had no near relatives.
They said that he generally lodged
at one of the Seamen's boarding houses
on the waterfront here and that he
gave Baltimore as his home when sign
ing on. He signed for the present trip
at Galveston. Tex. Black and Holmes
said their ship passed the Eayestone
on their way back.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06
NeutralS Back b. S.;
Spain to Act To-day
Brazil Also Is Preparing Strong Demands tor
Free Seas; Weaker European Nations
Menaced by German Invasion

energetic protest based on the rules o.
international! law and the London
Declaration. and proclaims the Spans
right to the free use Of the seas and to
commercial intercourse with foreign
countries.
Another Cabinet meeting - being
held tonight to consider the answer.
The American Ambassador, Joseph +.
Willard. had a long conference to-day
with the Spanish officials
To-day" says "El REFS the
United States is again the great Repub-
lie of Lincoln and Franklin. That coun-
try enters the arena to defend liberty
and right, and its attitude Is worthy
of its past. The United States has
broken with the Central Powers, but
commerce will continue without him
drance in spite OF the blockade, and a
declaration of war will depend on Ger
many
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06
KAISER VISITS BULGhR KING
Emperor Returns to Front After Con-
ference with III Ruler

London. Feb. 5.-The German En-
poror, according to a Reuter- dispatch
from Amsterdam, left his headquarters
on Friday with large suite and Wis
tied the Bulgarian King at Poestyn,
where the Bulgarian monarch is under
going medical treatment. The two
rulers conferred privately for several
hours and the German Emperor re-
turned to headquarters Sunday evening.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06
Spain TO Send Strong
Note to Berlin TODAY

Madrid. Feb. >. Count Romanoncs.
the Premier. announced to-day that
SPANS reply to the German note on
submarine warfare will be handed 20
the German Ambassador tomorrow and
communicated at the same time 10 the
Spanish Ambassadors at Berlin and
Vienna.
While the exact text Of the note is
not known. IT is understood to be an
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06

ence against the Entente's violations
of international law.
America denied us assistance.
We made no conditiorless promises
10 avoid unlimited submarine war
fare. We have broken no promises.
We hope President Wilson will warn
Americans from the blockade zone.
There is no step backward. "
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06
Switzerland Determines
TO Maintain Neutrality

Bcrnc. via Paris, Feb ct is semi
officially stated that Switzerland, in re,
ply to President Wilson's note, will
decline to depart from the line of strict
neutrality. which is vital principle Of
Swiss policy.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06
FIRE THOUGHT INCENDIARY
DESTROYS CHEMICAL PLANT
Kingston Authorities investigating
$4,000 Blaze and Explosion

SoU,UVU BlaHe ana Expulsion
Kingston, y. Y, Feb. 5.-Thc au-
thorities here are investigating a fire,
believed TO have been Of incendiary
origin, which destroyed the plant of
the Nitrated Chemicals Company this
evening. The blaze started at SIS
o'clock, soon after the day force had
left the building, and several explo-
sions prevented the fremen from get
ting close enough TO fight TIE flames.
Suspicious circumstances point to
persons of German origin said 10 have
been seen near the plant before the
ire started. Other chemical and pow
der plants near by have doubled their
guards. Emanuel Metzger, who owned
the plant, estimated the loss at $50, 900.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06

London. Feb. 81, nov seems as
sured that practically all the European
neutrals will make a vigorous protest
to Germany against her new submarine
piracy. Except for Spain. however, 1t
is not likely that they will dare follow
the lead of the United States and break
of diplomatic relations. The countries
within reach Of Germany's mailed fist
have too much to feal.
In any case, the President is bound
20 have their moral support, even if
they do not take the step which to them
would mean war.
The first open action is expected to
come from South America, where
Brazil has completed note which is
understood to be a warning that a
severance Of relations will follow the
.irst overt act.
The Spanish people have asserted
their resentment and criticism of Ger
many's latest submarine declaration in
no uncertain terms, and the govern
ment is now preparing strong protest
to Berlin. 1t is realized that Spain is
enmeshcd i'm tangle Of complications,
and there is strong feeling that IN
less her honor is at stake she should
continue to keep her representatives in
Germany chiefly to care for belligerent
and neutral interests.
Plans Wait for War
Another phase developed through to-
days exchanges is that for the present
there are no proposals or suggestions
of any concurrent action between the
United States and the Entente Allies.
Anything of that kind is regarded as
question for the future. if war is de-
clared, and not for the present mat
ter for even tentative consideration.
The Spanish Ambassador called at
the American Embassy to-day after
several London papers had given promi-
uence to a Rome dispatch TO the effect
that SPAN would follow the lead of the
United States. But, so far as can be
learned, the Spanish Ambassador has
purpose. Spanish circles, however, are
deeply interested and directly affected,
as the new war zones threatened the
end Of The Spanish fruit trade and
many other industries.
The growing Spanish uneaslness is
also being increased because of the
close relations between Spain. Portu
gal the Spanish Americas and Cuba.
all of which are having their trade in
creasinCly jecpardized.
Urges Spain 10 Firm Action
Alexandra Lerroux, Spanish Deputy
and leader of the Republican party in
Barcelona, interviewed in Paris to-day,
declared that Spain should protest en-
ergetically against the German subma
riuc campaign and make clear her in
tenti0n TO defend herself if necessary.
"Spain possesses said Deputy Lcr-
roux, tine means Of making herself
fully respected. She can say, and will
say. TO Germany: Halt. You have here
100000 OF your compatriOts. fifty OF
your ships lie helpless in our ports. and
YOU have, besides, important material
interests in Spain. Therefore, avoid all
acts Likely TO affect the lives and in
terests Of Spanisrds.'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06
People Demand U-Boat War

The paper repels Resident Wilson's
effort to distinguish between the Ger
man people and government, and says:
1--WE are fully united. from the En-
peror to the humblest day laborer Our
government did not resolve to begin
submarine warfare against commerce
over the heads of the people, but upon
the impetuous demand of the people
and i'm complete harmony with the pop
ular representative assembly and the
public will"
The "Boersen Zeitung" sees in Presi-
dent Wilson's action a refusal to rec
ornjze the situation of compulsion in
which Germany has been placed by
her enemies will to destroy her, and
adds:
ole stubbornly adheres to the doc
triue of submarine warfare which he
adopted at the outset. and has frus-
trated all the efforts of our government
TO maintain good relations despite the
submarine warfare
Resents Talk of Humanity"
The "Vorwaerts" says that both sides
should drop the talk about morality,
and adds: "The Americans have 1t easy
in talking about the sacred laws Of
humanity which the Germans are tread
ing under foot. They are not threat
ened in their existence. They know
nothing Of the pleasures of life IN
trenches, and when they want bread.
butter. bacon, cheese, milk and eggs
they 20 to the next shop and buy what
they want.
Under such circumstances. it is easy
to exalt the laws Of humanity. Ameri-
cans have as little right to make moral
representations to US as a portly citl-
zen has the right TO judge poor devil
who comes into conflict with the laws
through dire distress"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06

Washington, Feb. 5. The grave con-
Germ with which the American govern
ment has beer awaiting developments
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06
Have Had Enough Notes

Tho "Tageszeitung' asserts that the
decision Of the United States clears
the situation. and places the iirmness
and irrevocablencss of the German de-
cision in a better light. The newspa-
per adds that rotes enough have been
exchanged.
The semi-official Cologne Gazette"
says: "Mr. Wilson's action is regret
table, but let him not imagine it will
make US hesitate. We are firm i'll our
decision to apply to the full the means
that will bring victory and peace.
although President Wilson's decla-
ration does not mean war, 1t is threat
Of war and the first step toward It. In
neither event shall we be deferred"
The "Taglische Rundschau" says:
"President Wilson has determined
under all circumstances to preserve
Englands strong sea power, perhaps
chiefly because he wants TO win Eng
land as an ally against Japan, which
has begun to set in motion 400,0OO.OOO
Chinese"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-02-06

ance Of the laws Of nations. They gem
crallv assert that President Wilson
persists in ignoring Germany's JUSTIN
cation for her submarine po!lcy' az
outlined In her various notes.
Several papers adopt regretful tone
over the wreck of the Old friendship
between the two countries, which they
say Germany riSked only because her
life interests were IT stake. 1t IS gen
eral!v assumed by the newspapers that
the United States viii make an early
declaration of war against Germany
for they say the submarine campaign
can hardly be prosecuted without the
losc of some American lives.
While the entrance Of the United
states into the ranks of Germany
enemies would be highly rcgrettablc
the newspapers say ;hat the country
must meet this danger as the lesser OF
two evils.
United States Will Be Too Late
The danger Of the United States as
war factor is treated as COMPARE
tivcly unimportaut. owing TO the re-
motcnes~ Of the area Of war and the
time that would be required 10 create
e.
some quarters that the submarines VIII
decide the war before the United
States can take an active hand.
TIE "Tageblatt" doubts whether the
ucutrals Of Europe will think as Pres
idort Wilson does when he asks that
they follow along the American path
The newspaper says these neutrals VIII
know better than President Wilson
Germany's strength and determination
New enemies would mean for us ne"
fighting. but also new victories" says
die "Vossische Zcitung." ave hope
European neutrals will not allow them
selve, TO be influenced by Americas
rateful step. Germany throughout the
war has been eager to alleviate then
heavy lot. They have free choice
but Germany must go her way, lnde-
pendent of nCutralS."
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-05-09
DON SEITz RAPS
POSTAL HEAD;
. MAKES PROTEST

NEW YORK, May 9-Don c. Seitz.
of the New York World. chairman of
the committee on postal rates of the
American Newspapers Publishers AS
sociation referring to the proposed
second class mail rates today made
the following statement:
cat its last sessions the American
Newspapers Publishing Association
endorsed zone system as just and
fair way of distributing the cost of
mailing newspapers and periodicals.
1t was not dreamed. however, that a
rate equivalent to $40 a ton would be
charged for carrying such printed
matter 900 miles or that it would
reach $3.50 a ton in the outs de zone.
mo better plan for reducing mail
revenue could possibly be devised. It
has been the persistent policy of the
postoffce department in recent years
to assail second class matter keeping
parallel all the while with salary rails
ing, rural route expanding and other
forms of unrenumerative expenses. 1t
seems to be the fate OF the govern
ment to be served in the postoffice by
bureaucrats of the narrowest and
stupidest sort This applies to the
present post master general"
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1907-1939, 1917-05-09
TRYS CLOTuRE
ON spy BILLS
NOW IN SENATE

WASHINGTON, May AN effort
to invoke the Senate's new cloture
rule to force through the administra-
ton espionage bill with its drastic
newspaper censorship and embargo
sections was underway today with
Senator Williams OF Mississippi lead
ing the attempt.
The sixteen signatures to a petition
necessary as the first step to invoke
the cloture roll were obtained by the
Mississippi senator and presented in
the session yesterday.
Senator Overman, in charge of the
espionage bill declared he did not
wish to make use of cloture and one
OF the senators withdrew his signe-
ture when it became apparent it would
be used to put through the entire
measure including the press censor
ship section Mr. Overman said TO-
day he expected to work against the
idea. -.
To invoke the rule support OF two
thirds OF the senators present is nee
essary. Senators who heard about the
plan said today such a number could
not be obtained. The bill has been
before the Senate ten days and ad
ministration leaders are anxious that
it be disposed of and the way cleared
for other legislation of importance.