davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-01-11

- blilllH'
TIVE series of organ I''''''S 10y
i Prot John knowles Weaver of
Kendau college viii be continued ON
Sunday, January H. at the school
auditorium Miss flo North Will as-
sist upon this occasion, playing the
Gricc concerto In a minor supple
montcd with the orchestra part by
Nj Weaver ON the organ.
These rocitals are both educational
and entertaining iu their character.
including many compositions 10y rep
rcscntatiic COMPOSERS of the classic
organ school iutcrsporscd with mum
bcrs of lighter Vein. There is "a
growing interest iu Tulsa for organ
music. due 20 It's fine municipal organ
and the fact that many people are
coming into the city from the music
centcrs of the east bringing with
them the taste acquired from hearing
the best In musical art The Ken
dan rccitals should thus attract many
lovers and patrons ot music.
Mrs J.. VI. Buckley entertained %
party OF tiny tots yesterday afternoon
in celebration of the third birthday
anniversary of her small daughter
games were directed by little Mar
garots elder sister Ruth who Is iu
Kindergarten, and refreshments were
served from small white tables deco
rated In bouquets Of sweet peas Lit
tie maids of the party were Leah
Nicholson, virginia Hudson. Helen
Nicholson. Marjorie Hudson. Eleanor
skinner. Betty Jane Stauffcr. Louise
Cravcr and Katherine Cunningham.
Friends ana former parishioncrs of
Fishcp Frances Key BROOKE Of the
western oklahoma diocese. who Wa.
one of the first rcctors of Trinity
Episcopal church. Tulsa. viii he inter
ested In the following notes from the
Daily Oklahoman
THE Rt Rev Francis Key Brooke
md Mrs Brooke. who left last July
for New York To spend the summer
and to attend The wedding of their
daugnter Louise to Mr.. Thomas
Catcsby Jones. will return tomorrow
and VIII hc at home to their friends
temporarily at the Lee lluckins no
tel. shortly after arriving In New
York the bishop hccame scriouslVy iil
and was confined To- the hospital for
three months In the autumn he and
Mrs. Brooke went to Gambler. ohio.
for a visit with relatives and later
went to Chicago. where they spent
Mrs Edward HerlcN Lee. whose mar
riage took place in September Bishop
Brooke viii occupy the pulpit iu St
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-01-11

The C1dm3u choral club met ON
Tuesday FOR the usual rehearsal un-
der MIR Robert Buicc Carson's direc-
ton Mrs. Leland Shumway was
voted To membership In the organiza-
tion aud Tuesday. January 80, was
set AZ the date of the next open
meeting.
The Patron Teachers association
of Emerson school will hold ITS
monthly meeting Thursday afternoon
at 2.3O o'clock at the school audito-
rium This is the first meeting of the
new year and IL Is important that all
members should be present.
Mrs. Jack Arnold and children,
Virginia and Jack. Will come at the
end Of the week from Muskogec for
a visit in the home OF Mrs Arnold =
parents. MIR and Mrs William Good
man. 212 East seventh street.
Mrs j Blcwett entertained the
Auction Five Hundred club yester-
uaN afternoon.
Mrs William g. Hilton and dlugh-
ter Elizabeth who have been Visiting
the home of Mrs llilton's sister. Mrs.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-01-11

William II. Pomedoy. for several
weeks, will return on sunday to chi
cago.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-01-11

Mrs. ana Mrs. r. A. Shaffcr of New
Orleans. VINO have been guests In the
home Of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Il. Lctchcr
for more than q week. left Yesterday
for visit in oklahoma city.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30
SEVENTH GRADE
TEACHER DIES
Miss Sarah J. Savage Passes
Away at Local Hospital From
Acute Dilation of Heart.

Miss Sarah ]. Savage. AZ. for the
past seven years a teacher in the
seventh grade Of the Wilder school.
died yesterday morning at 9 o'clock
from acute dilation of the heart at st.
Michael's hospital.
For several months Miss Savage
had been ailing and two weeks ago
an operation was performed in an
effort to ave her life, but to no avail.
Final arrangements for the funeral
have mot been made pending the re-
ceipt Of word from relatives. but serv-
ices will in all probability be hold on
Wednesday.
Surviving brothers and sisters Of
the deceased are Mrs. A. r. Aitcheson
Of Caldwell, Idaho; Walter Savage of
Hedley, B. c.; John Savage Of Sunny
side, Wash; George and Maude Saw
age Of Grand Forks.
Mrs. ]. r. Savage Of Fargo, sister
in-law of the deceased. arrived here
last evening to attend the funeral.
Miss Sarah Savage was very popu-
lar as q teacher and leaves a host OF
friends who will mourn her loss.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30
THORSON DINNER TO
BE TOMORROW EVENING
Anniversary Of Founding of the Nor
manden and Of Publishers Asso-
ciatioh with it to be Observed.

A dinner will he given by local
business men at the Grand Forks
Commercial club Tuesday evening in
honor of P. o. Thorson, publisher of
the Normanden, the Norwegian paper
published In this city. The dinner will
begin at 6:15 o'clock and Il good pro-
gram Of toasts will be carried out
The occasion will be the both ami
versary of the founding of the news
paper and the oath anniversary OF
Mr.. Thorson's association with the
Normanden as publisher and manag-
err. The Grand Forks Ad club. the
Commercial club and the Retail Mer-
chants association planned the dinner
in honor of the we'll known news
paper man.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

j. r. Callahan Here. p. Callahan
Of Jamestown arrived in Grand Forks
today on a brief business mission.
Dr.. Grassick has returned and may
be consulted professionally at his Of
flee, Observation-Disclosures Bank
building.-Adv.
Park River Visitor-B. ]. Eckman
Of Park River was in the city today
on a combined business and pleasure
trip.
les, Ice, Ice-Phone us today and
get on new arrangement for ice de-
liveries, Grand Forks Ice q Fuel Co.
Phone 447.-Adv.
johnson d McCanery, painters and
decorators, 1o6 South Fourth st. Dsti-
mates furnished. Phone either party
at resddence.-Adv.
The New Tr1-state telephone direc-
tory will be issued soon. Be sure that
your name Is in It. Call contract de-
partment Tn-State us for any
changes desired in this book.-Adv.
Robertson Return6-Dr. q. p. Rob-
ertson, president Of Wesley college,
returned Saturday evening from an
extended trip through the east in the
ion.
Baxte8 E1Ilfng Station on North
Third street. opposite N. r. passenger
station. Now in operation. Two large
pumps operated by electricity insure
prompt servtce.-Adv. -
Merchants to Meet-The board O
directors of tho Retail Merchants as
ISOLATION Of Grand Forks and Eas
Grand Forks will hold a luncheon ant
business meeting at the .Columbis
hotel tomorrow afternoon At 1885
o'clock.
To 0ivo Damce-AI Yeomen and
their friends have been invited to at
tend q dancing party to be given OF
Fellows hall. Dancing from 9 to !:
o'clock A t~hree-piece orchestra will
furnish the music.
We Wish to Express Our Thank
and appreciation for the many act:
Of kindness shown US at the death
and funeral Of q loving father and
also for the many beautiful fora
decorations. Mr.. n. p. Jensen and
Children.-Adx.
Doneghue to Preeide-R. G
Doneghue, Of the North Dakota Ak
pertinent station, Fargo, will preside
over the sessions Of the North Dakot'
Academy Of Science which will b
held at the university May 4 and
Mr.. Doneghue will preside in tn
place Of DR.. A. n. Taylor, president o
the association, who has entered tn
nations military service.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

w. A. Mcintyre is spending several
days in Minneapolis on business and
pleasure. He will return within two
or three days.
Now is tne Time to plan your sprink
planting Of trees. Send for our illus
trated catalogue with special price
list on surplus trees. Oscar Wick.
East Grand Forks Nursery. East
Grand Forks. Minn.-Adv.
Michael Kooreny, the blind piano
time, before leaving for the summer
road work. If you wish work this
week. call him at 13s-Adv.
Home From Cities-city Justice R.
J. Purcell and Mrs. Purcell returned
where they have been spending sever
al days on a pleasure trip.
Revival Meetings Being Held-Re-
vival meetings will be held at 205
DeMers e this week. Evening
meetings will be held at 7:45 o'clock
and Sunday meetings at 8 o'clock and
7:45.
Dance at Mallory, Monday. April
30; F1nley's. orchestra. Soldier boys
in uniform and accompanied by a
lady will be admitted free.-Adv.
KEN Temple Band Rehearsal-The
KEN Temple band will hold a re-
hearsal this evening. It IL necessary
that every member that can possibly
attend be present 8 that the band
will be ready to play for tho concert
which will be given for the benefit
Of the Red Cross organization Of this
city, and for the Shrine ceremonial
xrhioh will hA hANA Tuna -
Three prunks Jailed-Three intoxi-
Gated men were arrested since Satur-
day evening. They were in police
court this morning before Police
Magistrate Church. One was COM
mitted to jail for IS days. another
paid a fine of IS. and the sentence Of
khis good behavior.
Changes at Forum. e. Rock
well, for the past Is years a member
Of the editorial staff Of the Duluth
Herald, will become editor Of the Far
formerly of The Herald, now news
editor of The Forum. will assume the
duties of managing editor. Mr.. Paul.
son is also secretary Of the organize.
ton.
The Grand Forks Ice Il Fuel Com
pany desires to announce that begin
ming May 1, 1917, it will supply ice
boxes with four deliveries per week al
$500 per month. Service p%ositivel,
guaranteed. Make arrangements to-
day. Phone 447.-Adv.
Give Addresses Tonieht-Dr. r. X
Ketman of Chicago. Rev. Runman O.
Brandon college and Rev. c. ]. Hill O.
Grand Forks will speak in the Nor
wegian Baptist church, corner Fourth
avenue and Walnut street, this even
ing beginning at 8 o'clock. The ad
dresses will be given in English. TIL.
meeting will be open to the public.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30
THIEF RIVER GIRL
DIES AT HOSPITAL
Miss Minnie Johnson, Aged 10. Passes
Away at Grand Forks Institution
From PcritOnitis.

Miss Minnie Johnson. 10 years old.
daughter Of NJ. Johnson of Thief River
Falls, Mimi, died Saturday evening
from. %peritonitis at St. Michaers hos
pital.
For two months Miss johnson had
been ailing and had been a patient at
the local hospital for the past two
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30
AVALANCHE KILLS MANY.

Davos. Switzerland (via Paris)
April 30.-An avalanche has over.
whelmed a train running from Ian
guard to Davoa. Many lives have
been lost, eight bodies having been
recovered so far.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30
W U P WE'D AT
THE COURT HOUSE
Mcintosh and Mentor Men Take
Grand Forks Girls for
Brides.

Two couples were married by Coun-
ty Judge L. K. Hassell last evening at
the court house, They were Fred Nc
Carly Of Mcintosh: Mimi, who took
Mrs. Tillie Lee of this city for his
bride, and George Brideeman Of Mem
tor. Mimi, who married Louise
Kirschbaum, Of Grand Forks.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

Shoe Repairing-For quick service
and good work. see Fred Smith. Odd
Fellows Blk, 4th St.-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

Mabel Imnd Leaves-Mabel Lund.
teacher of a district school near Rey-
nolds, who has been visiting in Grand
Forks over Sunday, left today for
Reynolds.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

Dance at Mallory, Monday. April
80. Finley's orchestra. Be there.
that's all.-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

Mcintyre in Observation-Disclosures
w. A. Mcintyre is spending several
days in Minneapolis on business and
pleasure. He will return within two
or three days.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

j. r. Callahan Here. P. Callahan
Of Jamestown arrived in Grand Forks
today on a brief business mission.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

Now IL ne Time to plan your sprink
planting Of trees. Send for our illus
trated catalogue with special price
list on surplus trees. Oscar Wick.
East Grand Forks Nursery. East
Grand Forks. Minn.-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

The Grand Forks Ice & Fuel COM
pany desires to announc that begin
ming May 1, 1917, it will supply ice
boxes with four deliveries per week at
$500 per month. Service positively
| guaranteed. Make arrangements to-
day. Phone 447.-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

DR.. Grassick has returned and may
be consulted professionally at his Of
flee. Observation-Disclosures Bank
building.-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

Park River Visitor-B. ]. Eckman
of Park River was in the city today
on a combined business and pleasure
trip.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

Icc, leo, Ice-Phone US today and
get on new arrangement for ice de-
1ivertes, Grand Forks Ice q Fuel Co.
Phone 447,-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

Michael Kooreny, the blind piano
tuner, will be in the city for a brief
time, before leaving for the summer
road work. If you wish work this
week, call him at 139-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

johnson d McCanery, painters and
decorators, 1o6 South Fourth st. Nsi-
mates furnished. Phone either party
at roEdence.-Ady.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

We Wish to Express Our Thanks
and appreciation for tho many acts
Of kindness shown US at the death
and funeral Of our loving father and
also for the many beautiful floral
decorations. Mrs.. n. p. Jensen and
Children.-AdH.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

The New Tri-state telephone direc-
tory viii be issued soon. Be sure that
your name Is in 1t. Call contract de-
partment Tn-State 715 for any
changes desired in this book.-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

To Gfvo Dance-All Yeomen and
their friends have been invited to at
tend q dancing party to be given on
Tuesday evening, May 1, in the Odd
furnish the music.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-30

Merchants to Meet-The board OF
directors of the Retail Merchants as
ISOLATION Of Grand Forks and East
Grand Forks will hold a luncheon and
business meeting at the .Columbia
hotel tomorrow afternoon 1T 1850
O'Clock. >.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1917-05-18
Better Farming in the South
HOW CROP YIELDS ARE LIMITED
The Weakest Element Fixes the Crop Yield Just as
Link Fixes the Strength OF the chain-onv
BY the Weakness Be Removed

shortest plant food element represent
ed here by stave, limit the possible
production Of a crop?
If, for instance, there is only enoagh
nitrogen in the soil to produce ~
bushels of corn or ITS pounds OF cot
ton per acre, while there is enough
plant food elements Of other kinds to
produce enormously more, how theu
can greater yields be obtained than the
nitrogen will permit?
The problem of plant feeding is,
therefore, no. simple one. 1t has en-
gagged long and most careful fnVesti.
cations OF scientists, who have delved
deep into the mysteries Of how plants
feed. and what they feed upon. On the
basis of the most exact knowledge thus
obtained, modern Eel >pizers have been
Soil Deficiencies, or
"limtiug factors" modern fertilizers
are designed to remove, and to eau
into fullest action the natural re-
sources Of the soil.
Since there Is limiting factor In
all soils, it is worth while for each
farmer to undertake to- remove that
limitation. Intelligent use OF fertlliz-
ers will accomplish it, if food elements
be this limiting factor LIN no other
way can it be done than by the help
of man. He must bring to the plant
the food it needs and cannot find when
this is the factor limiting production.
The plant, of course, must be given
the best of surroundings. It must not
only have plenty OF plant food, but
the soil must be properly drained OF
excess water. 1t must be we'll supplied
with lime, and organic matter; its
moisture must be conserved, and
weeds killed through proper cultural
methods. These things man can pro-
vide. Therefore, if man is not the
limiting factor" and he looks after
the plant food requirements, the great
est possible yields will OCCUR
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1917-05-18

MRS. IRA B. JONES DIES
AT HOME IN LANCASTER
Wife OF Former Chief Justice, Be-
loved in Community, to Be
Buried Today.

Lancaster, May 15.-M~~. Ira 3.
Jones of this place, W. the hon.
Ira B. Jones, former i ustlce OF
the supreme court o. Caronna'
died here this afterno Ter home
on Chesterfield avenue, s-.er crltl-
cal illness Of ten days. She was
Miss Rebecca Wyse of Newberry, and
was married to Judge Jones about AZ
years, when she made Lancaster neG
home. She will be laid to rest to-
morrow in the West Side cemetery.
Besides her husband, Mrs. Jones is
survived by the following children:
Charles DePass Jones, Ira B. Jones,
Jr. Mrs. NJ. V. Boykin Of Charlotte,
\ c., and Miss Bess Jones, now
teacher in the schools of Columbus,
Ga.
Mrs. Jones was about 81 years OF
age at the time of her death and was
= consistent and active member or
the Associate Reformed Presbyterian
church, which she joined N cary
childhood Both in church and out
side she has ever been an intiuen-
1ial force for the betterment of the
people, and her prominent leadership
has been steadfastly followed. She
YVES a hard worker, brave, noble,
strong woman, and will be greatly
missed here, and her place in Las
caster it is felt, can not be filled.
Mrs. Jones was remarkable Wo-
man in many respects. While high
" cultured and educated, a woman OF
rare literary attainments and ability
she knew exceedingly well the mean
Jig Of agriculture, and was one OF the
most efficient and we'll read persons
IN Lancaster on this subject. During
the period Of Judge Jones public
life as chief justice Of the supreme
court, and even before that time, she
personally .superintended his large
farming interests in the county and
successfully kept this part OF his IN
terests intact. There are already
many monuments in Lancaster to
Mrs. Jones, which will ever. stand as
faithful reminders to this unselhsh,
good woman. Years ago she planted
trees about her home and elsewhere,
which now contribute to the towns
artistic wealth and comfort. She was
charitable, kind and sweet. and the
POOR Of Lancaster as we'll as the r1cn
can not forget her.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1917-05-18

cause the work of improving the State
Hospital as a whole as provided Tor
by the legislature was begun at e:7
Columbia plant, where conditions
were worst, and has not yet reached
State Park. No material changes at
State Park, other than agricultural
improvements. are contemplated THIS
year for two reasons, primarily; nrst,
the funds available are being used
by the board of regents to improve
the very serious conditions existing
in the wards of the white women
natients at the Columbia plant; sec
ond. the water supply at State PARK
is Inadequate for more than the
Dresent population of 400 patients,
and one of the first things the boar.
of regents plan to do in Improving
State Park is to develop sufficient
water supply system, expecting it to
cost $4,000 to 100000 to make this
Improvement.
The State board of charities and
corrections as a board Inspected the
Columbia plant recently and Wa,
much pleased with the continued I'M
proving of the hospital. One mem
Der said-and this seemed to repre-
sent the opinion of the board-"TheTe
is no trace of any let down from the
spirit of enlightened earnestness
which accomplished the revolution OF
two years ago. The heart as wen
as the head Of the management Is III
the task to degree I have never
seen exceeded
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1917-05-18
PASTURE VELVET BEANS.

Inquiry-"What is the most profit
able use of the Velvet Beam"
Plant the velvet bean in the corn
and get a double crop. They do well
together. Plant an early variety and
fertilize for good growth.
The most economical use Ct velvet
beans is to let cattle feed on them
in the field and then to turn under
the vegetable matter remaining. If
there are not sufficient cattle on the
place, get them and feed them. Why
20 to the expense Of gathering beans,
grinding and shipping the meal of to
some one else to feed and get the
benefts?-J. N. HARPER
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1917-05-18


tsh. Every soil may be said to have a
limiting factor Of production. This
may be shortage Of some plant food
element If so. this should be sup
piled through fertilization if the larg-
est possible yields are to be obtained.
No matter how much of other plant
food soil may contain, if there is a
shortage of nitrogen, for example, then
nitrogen will fix the limits Of produc-
don. Likewise with phosphoric acid Or
other elements.
Plants differ from animals in taking
food, in that plants viii take foods
only when the elements composing
them are in soluble form, that is, when
they are dissolved in water. When
enc element is deficient, the plant
ceases growing.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1917-05-18
POOR FACILITIES FOR
INSANE PATIENTS
columbia Record.

SOIOQlpld heCOIO
A deplorable lack Of facilities Tor
Classifying the insane negro patients
al State Park, a branch OF the State
Hospital for the Insane. located on
tract of land about three miles norsn
G. Columbia. is pointed out in a re-
r.ort to the State board Of charities
and corrections by a committee con-
sisting of Chairman George B. Crom-
CT and DR.. D. D. Wallace, which re-
Gently made an inspection OF this G1-
vision of the hospital.
Only negro insane patients are
I, eated at State Park. On the day OF
sts INSPECTION, the committee found,
since the weather was bad, that prac-
tically all the negro female insane
not sick in bed were herded into the
chapel in the main building with SIX
1urses to supervise them. The phy-
sician in charge of State Park told
the committee that he had at his dis
yosal no facilities for segresar:nS
violent patients from those affllctec
with the milder forms of insanity. In
the negro male quarters at State
Park. the committee found the same
sromiscuous crowding together of pa
4ients. "a condition which occurs
whenever the weather Is inclement
and the patients can not go out OF
doors for work. or, rec :eation, and
which inevitably tends to excitement
and disorder among other patients.
Reason for Conditions.
These conditions exist, largely be-
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1917-05-18
JOHN TO DUNCAN OFFERS
SERVICES TO ROOSEVELT
The State.

The State.
John T. Duncan has offered MS
services to Theodore Roosevelt as
volunteer in the proposed army dlVl-
sion. which the Progressive leader
contemplated taking to France ana
has also asked permission to raise
regiment in South Carolina. MT.
Roosevelt acknowledged MIR. Dun
cans offer and inquired as to the
number of men who might be enlist
ed from this State. 1t was IN r"-
sponse to the inquiry as to the num-
Der of men available in South caro-
limo that 7fc. Duncan telegraphe last
night. csliiag permission to raise
regiment.
The herald and news. [volume] (Newberry S.C.) 1903-1937, 1917-05-18
Plants must feed

Plants must feed
to grow. Four es-
sential food ele-
ments come from
the air and six
from the soil.
Only t hr e e Of
those that come
from the soil fall
short of crop re-
GHirments an d
have to be sup
piled by man if the
greatest Y e ] d 9
are to be obtain
ed. These are Nj
trogen, Phospho-
ric acid and NOT