davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22
Russia Led League in 1878 and
United States Adopted Policy
in Napoleonic Times.
NEuTRAlsU sUALLYMLEAGuE
When Commercial Interests Of Nations
Arc Menaced II 10 Their Right
to Combine for Mutual
Protection.

Washington, D. C.-Armed neutrali-
ty is described by authorities on inter-
national law as military measures for
the purpose Of defending rights Of
neutrals on the part Of q belligerent.
It has generally concerned more than
one power and the most striking his
torical instances of armed neutralities
were those Of the northern European.
powers in 1850 and 1900, made to de-
fend the principle Of free ships and
free goods, adopted by treaty between
the Baltic powers and opposed by
England.
IF the commercial interests Of sew
eral nations" says n authority,
ARE threatened by unjust or unlawful
measures on the part Of a b~elligerent,
which they deem unjust or dangerous,
there can be no question Of their right
to secure their menaced interests by
such combinations as seem best cal
culated to accomplish that purpose.
An armed neutrality is in fact an al
lance Of several powers, usually of a
defensive character, though this is by
mo means essential"
During the present war Holland and
Switzerland have maintained what
amounts to an armed neutrality, Ill
though it has been confined to land.
Adopted In Revolutionary Times.
Armed neutrality was adopted by
several European states soon after
177S, when, in connection with the
American Revolutionary war, war
broke out between France and Spain
and France and Great Britain. Neu.
trails became alarmed over the dan
GERS with which their maritime rights
were threatened and the empress OF
Russia undertook to unite them In de-
tense Of their neutral rights. This
formed the basis Of treaties between
Russia, Denmark, Sweden, Holland
Austria and Portugal. They formed q
league which, under the name Of
armed neutrality, undertook to pre-
serve inviolate the maritime rights
of n%eutrals. These declarations were
recognized by the treaty Of peace be
tween Great Britain and France ant
were the established law Of nations
when the United States in 1888 wal
recognized as independent by the pow
ers Of the world.
The last time the United States
was In a state of armed neutrality wal
in the war between France and Eng
land and that ended with the downfall
Of Napoleon.
After many acts against American
commerce bound for England, France
on January IS, 179s, decreed that ev
cry vessel found at sea loaded will
merchandise produced in England o
her possessions could be made a prize
Many American vessels were seized
and In June, 1903, President Adam
began to obtain from congress broa'
authority to protect American com
MERGE and to put the United State
in a better position to make war If !
became necessary.
Laws Quickly Passed.
In rapid succession laws were mad
to increase the naval armament, to AZ
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22
IN SPRING uTTERs
Much Can BE Avoided BY Having Sow
Farrow In AprIl-Time Of Mating
VIII Regulate Thia

Heavy loss in spring litters can be
avoided by not having the sows far
row too early. II you have not first
class facilities to take care Of March
litters. then hold the mating until De-
cember g. which will bring farrowing1
April /. The period Of CESSATION In
sows In 118 days.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22
TREATMENT FOR CHILLED PIG
Young Animals May Be Quickly Re.
vived by lmmerslng In Water Of
About Blood Heat.

Pigs that have been chilled may be
quickly revived by immerslng them to
the mouth in warm water (not hot, but
about blood heat). This is much to be
preferred to warming them by a fire
because the heat Is applied SO much
more uniformly and quickly. The sup
position that such pigs never amount
to anything is altogether incorrect, for
they generally will live and thrive.
Failure to get results has usually been
Ode to the pigs having been actually
frozen or to the use Of water that was
too hot.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22

the support Of a large number Of other
small stockholders, whose aggregate
voting powers he hopes will. be sufi-
Client to win him his coveted place.
Most Of his supporters are people
whom he has met ION the job" during
his long tenancy.
Climbing the ladder in the English
railway service is a laborious process,
and no n deprecated that fact more
than Lord Claud Hamilton, the head
Of the Great Eastern, when In defend
ing the appointment OF an American
manager he reused bitter public re-
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22
WARMING WATER FOR CATTLE
Tank May Be Built With Board Sides
and Galvanized Iron Bottom on q
Brick Foundation.

Have you noticed that your stock
drink less water when it is ice cold?
Yet plenty Of water is necessary for
their well-being. Water a be kept
at a sufficiently high temperature for
cattle at very little expense In q prop
erly-constructed tank. :
The tank may be built with board
sides and galvanized iron bottom so
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22
AN AMBITIOUS BAGGAGEMAN
seeks q Place on the Directorate Of
Enpland's Great Eastern
Railway.

London.-w. s. Weber, a baggage
master at the Lea Bridge station OF
the important Great Eastern railway.
has given the conservative British
public a shock by announcing his can
didacy for a seat or the RAILROADS.
board of directors. He Is a small
stakeholder, and asserts that ne has
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22

Harmony Ii Garden Essential.
A garden should not be considered
as a piece Of wild nature. nor plants
regarded as architectural Ornaments
for one must not do violence to the 9TH
~. Above all must there be harmony.
Otherwise the builder has labored In
vain, for he has not made q picture that
artists care to reproduce.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22
p|(KUP5
Of SPORT

Peter Scott e :O5) will not be raced
this year.
Harvard has a squad Of 80 track
and field candidates at work indoors.
A fellow can't train for a footrace
in a motor car, which explains why a
number of once promising boxers have
failed.
The annual California VS.. University
of Southern California football game
will be played on Thanksgiving day
this year.
Alaska and Panama have baseball
clubs, which makes it pretty near
unanimous so far as North America
is concerned.
"Than whom there is no greater
batsman," writes a eulogist Of Ty
Cobb. Well, in 1915, iris Speaker was
a wee bit than whomer.
Tufts college has a seven fraternity
bowling league among its students.
who find the game Of knocking down
the ten pins good recreation.
While the Swedish athletes are COM
peting in this country this summer,
1t Is probable a squad of soccer and
baseball players will visit Sweden.
Well, you've got to admit that Jess
| Willard is neutral, strictly, neutral
he doesn't care whom he gives a benefit
for SO long as 1t is for Jess Willard.
A sporting writer says the chances
are that baseball games would draw
large crowds even II We are at war
with Germany. The boy knows US
like q book.
Kansas City (Mo.) amateur boxers
may take trips to Memphis, New Or.
leans, Denver and Boston to take part
In Journeys held In those cities this
fall.
Many reasons have been advanced
why diamond stars should be ruled out
LOT literature, but nobody hns ex
pressed a fear that they might acquire
writer's cramp.
sss
Two Chinese, Y. G. Lee and L. H
Zip, are among candidates for Colum
bia u~niversity's wrestling team. LIE,
Is Competing in the 11S-pound clasi
and Zip In the 125-pound class.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22
Er,oranee on Garden Patha

Fragrance on Garden Paths
Have all garden paths with some
plants of fragrance growing alongside.
In some gardens Of larger size special
fragrant pathways are built where they
appear to pass through thickets redo
lent with pleasant odors. But every
path may easily have enough fragrance
to keep the mind unconsciously In the
garden spirit
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22
Build 22s.Foos Concrete stack.

Sharon. Pa.-The work Of construct.
ing the highest concrete stack In Amer.
lea is proceeding rapidly at the Farrell
works Of the American Sheet and Tin
Plate company. 1t will be 225 feet high
and have an outside diameter at the
base Of 20 feet, tapering to II feet at
the toy.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22
Plant, win Cut Drug siIl.

In the average country garden arc
enough specimens Of blossoming plants
and plants with pretty leaves. which
II dried, would each year cut the fam
lily drug bill in half. Then why mot
cultivate the plants for the flower beds
that. serve the double purpose Of being
ornamental and practical at the same
timef
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22
Dunn signs coueaIan.

Jock Dunn Of Baltimore has signed
Bernie Lee, n third baseman who
shone with the Tufts college team.
Dunn believes a year In the Interna-
t,onnl will make the youngster ripe for
the big show.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22

Cornell University Grew Loses Three.
Three members Of Cornelrs univer-
sity eicht-oared shell crew will not be
available this season. Fornow ana
Lytle were graduated and Collyer. by
virtue Of his appointment as assistant
conch. also Is eliminated.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22

It is pleasant to read Of q @hse1e
driver" falling heir to q fortune. u
shows that the chauffeurs arenS ~
ting all the money.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22
Warm Water Tank.

that it can be placed on a brick founda-
ton and a small fire built under it
The stovepipe should come through the
foundation close to the bottom Of the
tank and ought to give plenty Of clear
ance to the board side.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22

Important Horse Item.
It Is an important item in maintain
Ing the best health and thrift with
horses to feed and water regularly.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22
sheep and Ice Water

It is a, poor plan to let sheep drink
Ice water. It lowers their temperature
and affects their Indigestion and re-
quires more feed to bring them back to
q normal condition.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22

sentiment by stating that there was
an acknowledged dearth Of arst-class
men capable of filling even the minor
positions
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22
Maintain Fertility.

To maintain normal soil fertility the
supply Of humus must be conserved.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22

Two Chinese, Y. G. Lee and L. H.
Zip, are among candidates for Colum-
bia u~niversity's wrestling team. Lee
Is competing In the 116-pound class
and Zip In the 125-pound class.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22

Many reasons have been advanced
why diamond stars should be ruled out
of literature, but nobody hns ex.
pressed a fear that they might acquire
writer's cramp.
Mansfield mirror. (Mansfield, Wright County, Mo.) 1908-1957, 1917-03-22

Kansas City (Mo.) amateur boxers
may take trips to Memphis. New Or
leans, Denver and Boston to take part
In Journeys held In those cities this
fall.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1917-04-28
MEN IN CAMP NOW
ARE WEATHER PROOF
Know How to Protect Them.
selves Against Anything
That Comes.

Even Guard Mount was called of
along with parade and escort OF colors
at Mobilization Camp this afternoon
on account of the rain and muddy camp
streets. Tomorrow should good wealth
er permit there will be the regular Sun.
day parade with guard mount begin
ming at o'clock and followed by pa.
rade and escort of colors.
The men in camp are now able to
meet wet weather as it comes. This
spell of inclement weather has had lit.
tie If any effect on the men in the
tents probably due to their hardening
and their physical conditions which
allow them to stay out doors in all
sorts Of weather.
The Sunday program, should 1t be
filled, is as follows:
IL a. M, religious services at the
Y. M. e. A. with band concert before
the sermon. Band music for the hymns
and band concert before the after,
noon guard mount at 1880 D. m. At
2 p. m. guard mount will be held with
1t. Shetterly, Adjutant major in
charge. Immediately after guard
mount parade and call to colors will
be held with Colonel Clarence Jollif.
fe Of the First Regiment ready to view
the men in the parade.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1917-04-28
.SANL. v. BARNES,
HURT IN RUNAWAY,
DIED last night
Accident Occurred Last
Monday in Vicinity of
Colfax.

AS the result of injuries received on
Monday of this week when he was
thrown from buggy near Colfax, when
the horse became frightened and ran
away, Samuel Washington Barnes,
aged "a, a well known and highly re.
spected citizen of this city, died this
morning at 1880 o'clock at Cook hos
pital where he was taken for treatment
following the accident.
The deceased was a son of William
Henry Barnes and was born in Pleas
ant Valley where he spent the greater
part of his life moving from Colfax to
this city about six years ago where he
had since resided on Lincoln street.
His wife who was Miss Carrie Vir-
ginia Thomas, preceded him to the
grave twenty years ago.
Six children were born to this union,
five of whom survive, namely: Mrs.
Frank Thompson, of Virginia avenue;
James Earl Barnes and Miss Mabel
A. Barnes, who reside at home; Harry
G. Barnes and Bert E. Barnes, all resi-.
dents of this city. A son, Glenn W.,
Is deceased. -.,....
He is survived by the following
Barnes, of Colfax; John T. Barnes, of
State street; Mrs. ]. D. Radford, of
Market street; Mrs. T. Rowand, of
Pleasant Valley; Mrs. Rebecca Knight,
of Guffey street. He was a member OF
the w. O.W
The funeral will take place on Sun
day afternoon at two o'clock from the
Coflax Methodist Episcopal church.
The funeral will be conducted by Rev.
Mr. Stout, of Harrison county.
Interment will be made at Colfax by
Undertaken Fred Jenkins.
Mr.. Barnes bowels were paralyzed
and completely locked from the injury.
He was taken to Cook hospital where
an operation was performed Thursday
Continued on page 81
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1917-04-28
BABY week BEGINS
HERE TOMORROW
Local Pastors Will Refer to
It During the Ser
vices.

The first gun in the Baby week cam
paign will be fired from the pulpits
in the city churches tomorrow when
the ministers in each pulpit will pay
special attention to the subject. Sew.
eral Of the ministers will devote the
entire sermon to this important sub,
ject while all will in some manner re.
fer to it and urge its observance
throughout the city and country.
During the week following local
merchants will observe the event by
making special displays of articles OF
merchandise for the comfort and care
Of the little folks, several special ex.
hibits having been arranged for.
In the public schools programs OF
an extensive nature will be rendered
and special instruction given along
the lines Of baby welfare.
In the moving picture houses spec.
fa1 films will be shown, two of which
announced for the Dixie are Public
and Private Care Of the Infant" and
the ely Pest" which will be shown
on Monday and Tuesday, April Both
and May LIST.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1917-04-28
PRESBYTERIANS-
PLAN FINANCES
Plans For Year Made at Ban
quet of Men Members
Last Night.

At banquet served last evening
to the men of the Presbyterian con-
gregation at the Y. NJ. G. A. building
plans were formulated for canvass
to be made tomorrow Of the member.
ship in order to secure an estimate on
the revenue which may be obtained
for the current church year.
A budget had been prepared pre-
yious to the assembly last evening
and the banquet was largely get to-
gether affair to make arrangements
for the canvass to be made Sunday.
Teams were named to make this
canvas and they will visit all members
Of the church tomorrow and II posi-.
BILE secure pledge from each mem
Der with which to defray the expenses
of the present church year.
, DR.. ]. w. Mcdonald, president of
the congregation presided at the ban
quet as POSTMASTER and responses
were made by Rev. H. G. Stoetzer, H.
]. Hartley, ]. Walter Barnes and Ma
jor Rollo ]. Conley. Harry e. Engle
read an original poem which was en-.
. Enthusiastically received.
The choir Of the church, following
the rehearsal visited the banquet and
a vocal solo was rendered by Mrs.
Forrest Fankhauser one OF the city's
talented contraltos.
An excellent menu was served by
the ladies of the Presbyterian Legion
society.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1917-04-28
BOTH BRITISH
AND FRENCH ON
NEW OFFENSIVE
General Haig Reports Prog.
ress in the Direction of
Lens.
FRENCH G0NNT R00TY
FRENCH COUNT BOOTY
Much Artillery Captured
Since the Big Push Was
Begun.

Another smashing drive by the Brit.
ish on the French front was begun to.
day.
Gen. Haig reports an advance on an
extended front north OF the Starpe.
The attack already has scored good
progress and is continuing.
Heavy fighting has developed, the
Germans throwing fresh divisions into
the fray. The field of the new push
lies within the 10 mile front from the
Starpe to the coal city Of Lens which
the British have had under their guns
on three sides for nearly two weeks.
Gen. Haig already had pushed deep
wedge into the German mine three
miles north of the Starpe at Gavrelle
and was fighting today to enlarge this
opening, Every yard he gains there is
making the German front between that
point and Lens more difficult to hold,
A considerable part Of the force OF
the present heavy attack seems to be
aimed at this part OF the line. At two
points along this stretch the British
are reported to have advanced more
than mile as far as Arleux and oppy,
but definite possession of these VII
lagos apparently was a question Of the
furious fighting today to settle.
While the British apparently are
thus giving the Germans more than
they can successfully cope with in the
northern sector Of the great battle
field the French are keeping up heavy
artillery fire south from st Quentin all
around the curve in the line into the
Champagne.
The French seemingly have complet
ed a count of the prisoners taken in
recent fighting on these fronts. They
captured IT'S cannon OF all calibre, Az
machine guns and 119 trench guns
The prisoners total 20,7S0.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1917-04-28
OVER HUNDRED MINERS
PERISH IN COLORADO
Cause of Fire and Explosion in Vctor-Amercan Mine at
Hastings Remains Complete Mystery Rescue
Workers Report.

six" bodies early today but had re-
moved none. One hundred and nine
teen men were entombed.
The same Official asked if there was
hope of any others being alive said:
I'VE always have hope" The rescue
crews are unable to make way down
the main mine slopes but by work
ing along the air way have "gone a
considerable distance into it" accord.
ing to mine county official.
1t is showing in Delagua canyon
where the mine is located and large
numbers of miners wives and chill.
dren stand waiting at mine mouth in
the cold.
The rescuers, it was said. were halt,
ed at midnight by heat and smoke at
the fifth entry but early today crews
refreshed and reinforced reentered the
mine in effort to penetrate to main
workings where it is believed most of
the men were caught. Rescuers re.
turning from mines said that tiny cleo.
trio lights carried on caps of miners
were still burning on some of the
bodies, also that on others the lights
were smashed by debris fallen from
walls OF the mine.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1917-04-28
Sanderson & Porter
Open Offices Here
FAiRMoNT BECOMES STATE HEAD.
QUARTERS FOR GREAT EN-.
CHEERING FIRM.

Sanderson and Porter, consulting en-.
gineers Of New York City, have estab.
lished headquarters for the state of
West Virginia in Fairmont, having TAX.
en- the quarters formerly occupied in
the Fairmont Trust Company building
by the Audit Company of Fairmont.
The Sanderson and Porter company is
now engaged in supervising millions
of dollars worth of construction in thu
state and for some time have felt it
was imperative that they be represent,
ed with branch office here.
Tho locating OF the offices here will
bring to Fairmont several engineers
of national reputation and will make
the city headquarters for most of the
important new development of this
part of the state.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1917-04-28
Penna. Italians
Fight Bloody Battle
(By Associated Press,

PUNXSUTAWNEY, Pa, April 2S.-
Two boys driving cows to pasture early
today found the bodies of Charles Car.
no and Giuseppe Fotisguino near Smy.
ertown, a mining cillage near here
The men had been shot. Sarch of vii
lage by police revealed presence OF
three wounded men Strengthening be-
lief that Italian factions of neighbor
hood had fought out their differences
during the night. The authorities are
continuing the search in expectation
OF locating more Of the wounded as
they believe large number Of men
were involved in the fight.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1917-04-28
Three Shafts to Be
Sunk at Once
Near Downs
TO EMPLOY 800 MEN
Work Already Started
Pittsburgh Vein Coal to
Be Mined.

Three mines, to employ upwards of
800 men, to produce 1000 tons of coal
a day, and necessitating the erection
of big mining town, were finally au-
thorized yesterday afternoon to be
sunk at once on Mods Run, near
Downs, by the Rachael Coal COM
pany. Workmen are today busy on
the preliminary steps incident to the
starting of drilling on the three shafts,
each of which will be 800 feet deep.
The coal, of the richest Pittsburgh,
lies in tract of 1900 acres and was
owned by MARCEL Jolliffe and Sey-
more McTntire. These gentlemen took
{ stock in the company for the purchase
I; price OF the coal.
Power from the lines of the Monon-
gahela Valley Traction company to
the extent of 300 horsepower, will be
taken at once to operate the air COM
pressors which will be used in driv.
ing rock drills and other machinery
incident to digging. When completed
and in operation the mines will take
1000 horsepower from the NJ. V. T.
lines, will be automatic and of course,
electrical.
A mining town, with churches,
schools, theatres, stores and possibly
banks, will be built this summer.
Downs, which is very near the scene
of operation, will benefit immensely
and will become one Of the largest
. small towns in the county.
The Rachael Coal company Is a
reorganization OF the Bertha Coal
company. which sometime ago secur.
ed an extensive tract Of Sewickley
coal on Helen's Run.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1917-04-28
ONLY SO VOTESFOR
VOLUNTEER PLAN
ON THE FIRST TEST
Supporters of This System
Surprised by Strength
of CONSUMPTION.
THUNDEROUS APPLAUSE
How Some of the More Con
spicuous Members Cast
Their Votes.
CBy Associated PressS

WASHINGTON, Apr. 2s
Administration forces oy-
erthrew the opponents Of
the selective CONSUMPTION
bill in the House on the first
vote today and struck the
volunteer amendment from
the measure. The vote came
On an amendment by Repre-
sentative who has led the
fight for the administration
bill, moving to strike out the
volunteer amendment insert
ed by a majority Of military
committee against the pro-
tests of the President and
army War college. It as
sures the passage Of the bill
as drawn by army experts.
The vote to sustain the
provision of the administers
ton bill was 279 to SO.
The volunteer sponsors
were astounded at the tre-.
mendous strength developed
by the administration forces.
When the members lined up
to pass tellers it looked al
most as if the whole house
was about to vote for con-
Continued on Page Eight