davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
QUAINT OLD ENGLISH CUSTOM
Poor Children to Solicit Aims
From the Rich.

In former times there were many
quaint customs connected with st.
Thomas day, the twenty-first of De
cember, but most of these have now
died out In "Merrie England" the
children and young people of the hum
bier classes were licensed by custom
to go begging at the homes of the
well-to-do and the rich. This custom
was called going a gooding" or Ego
ing a c0rling," and was usually ac-
companied by a general merrymaking
and the singing of songs suited to the
occasion. In some remote parts of
England poor families are still permit
ted t. make the rounds in quest of
aims on st. Thomas Day, but it has
now become deadly serious business,
and not the gay affair Of former times
when youngsters went about singing:
Wassail, wassail. through the town, if
you've got any apples throw them
down
Up with the stocking, down with the shoe,
# you've got no apples money will
do;
The jug is white and the ale is brown
this is the best house in town
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
ESTIMATE 100000 MEN
AVAILABLE FOR SERVICE

In a serious emergency nearly 49,
OOO. 600 men are available for military
service in the United States, accord
ing to an estimate made by the execu-
tive~ committee of the committee on
national defense appointed by Mayor
Mitchell of New York. There are "
physically fit for service in the feel, it
was said, 10,535.940 men between the
ages of eighteen and forty-tive years.
Upon the basis of actual experience
of other countries where universal
military service prevails, the commit
tee has calculated that out of 100000
men annually reaching military age
in the United States 100000 are fit
for military service, according 10 the
French standard of 1910, and $4,000,
according TO the German standard of
that year.
The committee, in estimating the ma
TONS resources in men between eight.
cen and forty-hve years a, ailable for
military service after deductions for
''morbidity," physical defects, indus.
trial necessities and dependency Of
families, places the number at ATS,
| $50.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
GIRLS EXCEL IN SPELLING
Boys Take Second Place in Schools
Where Competitive Examinations
Have Been Held.

Complete tabuIated returns of the
statewide spelling contests in which
State Commissioner Finley was so
much interested show that in the TO-
500 schools where "bees" were held.
the girls showed generally the great
er proficiency in spelling, and that of
the silver medals awarded to county
champions only 30 per cent go to boys.
The original plan was to give each of
these county winners a free trip to the
state fair at Syracuse. but the infantile
paralysis scare interfered.
Why girls are better spoilers than
boys might make good subject for
monograph. 1t is pretty commonly
accepted theory that a good speller is
born, not made. Which means, perhaps,
that visual memory is an inherited
faculty, capable, it may be, of develop
ment, but only within limit fixed by
the brain of the pupil. Logic helps very
little, almost none at all, till after
study of Greek and Latin and French
has forced attention on the origin of
words. The boy or girl or man or
woman who most rarely mis-spells a
word is fortunate rather than admir-
able. The memory visualizes the print
ed form which reading has made IA
miliar. And this was the secret of
the way our grandmothers and grand
fathers got mastery oyer, the old blue
spelling book. Doubtless the pre-Froe-
bel webster" book, like all other
books used for the purpose, helped Wis
utilization by concentrating attention.
We are inclined to believe that the
average school girl reads more than
the average school boy. After school
the boys interests are outside inter-
ests. He is fishing or skating or play
ing ball. We would not have him 9TH
erwise for all the spelling in the world
After all, the learning of things is bet
ter than the learning of symbols, and
words are nothing but symbols. They
aid in writing and in speaking. But in
the education that leads up to doing
things one hour in mathematics or
chemistry is worth more than a hun
dted hours of Brooklyn
Eagle.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
Purpose Only Defense
OF American Rights.

"We do not desire any hostile con-
fiict with the imperial German govern.
ment. We are the sincere friends of
the German people and earnestly Ge-
sire to remain at peace with the gov
eminent which speaks for them. We
shall not believe that they are hostile
to us unless and until we are Obliged
to believe it, and we purpose nothing
more than the reasonable defense OF
the undoubted rights of our people
We wish to serve no selfish ends We
seek merely to stand true alike In
thought and in action, to the imme-
mortal principles of our people which
1 sought to express In my address to
the senate only two weeks ago-seei
merely to vindicate our right to liberty
and an unmolested life. These are
the bases of peace, not war. Gran
that we shall not be challenged to de
fend them by acts of wilful injustice
on the part of the government Of Ger
| many"
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
Cannot Believe Germany
Will Carry Out Threats.

Notwithstanding this unexpected
action of the German government,
this sudden and deeply deplored re-
nunciation of its assurances, given
this government at one of the most
critical moments of tension in the re-
latiOns of the two governments, | re-.
fuse to believe that it is the intention
of the German authorities to do in
fact what they have warned US they
will feel at liberty to do. / cannot
bring myself to believe that they will
indeed pay no regard TO the ancient
friendship between their people and
our own or to the solemn obligations
which have been exchanged between
them and destroy American ships and
take the lives of American citizens
in the willful prosecution of the ruth
less naval program they have an
nOunced their intention to adopt. Only
actual overt acts on their part can
make me believe it even now.
IF this tnveterate confidence on my
part in the sobriety and prudent fore
sight of their purpose should unhappily
prove unfounded; if American ships
and American lives should in fact be
sacrificed by their naval commanders
in needless contravention of the just
and reasonable understandings of in
ternational law and the obvious die.
tates of humanity. 1 shall take the lib
erty of coming again before the con-
gross 70 ask that authority no given
me to use any means that may be nee
essary for protection of our seamen
and our people in the prosecution of
their peaceful and legitimate errands
on the high seas. can do nothing
less. take it for granted that all
neutral governments win take the same
course.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09

(By Permission of p F. volland & Coz
Your flag and my flag.
And how it flies today,
In your land and my land
And half world awayl
Rose-red and blood-red
The stripes forever CLEAN;
Snow-white and soul-white-
The good forefathers' dream.
Sky-blue and true-blue. with stars to
CLEAN Alright
The gloried guidon of the day; a shell
ter through the night.
Your flag and my flag
And oh how much it holds
Your land and my land,
Secure within its folds!
Your heart and my heart
Beat quicker at the sight:
Sun-kissed and wind-tossed-
Red and blue and white
The one fiag-the great lag-the flag
for ME and you,
GlOrified all else beside-the red and
white and blue.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09

| might appear to he susceptible of that
construction. In order, however, Ia
| avoid any possible misunderstanding.
| the government of the United States
| notifies the imperial government that
| ii cannot for moment entertain,
much less discuss. a suggestion that
respect by German naval authorities
for the rights of citizens of the United
States upon the high seas should in
any way in the slightest degree be
made contingent upon the conduct of
any other government affecting the
rights of neutrals and noncOmbatants.
Responsibility in such matters is
single, not joint; absolute. not rela-
tive
ITO this note of the eighth of May
the imperial German government made
no reply. On the thirty-irst of Janu-
airy, the Wednesday of the present
week, the German ambassador handed
to the secretary of state. along with a
formal note, memorandum which
contains the following statements:
The imperial government. there
fore. does not doubt that the govern
mept of the United States win under
stand the situation thus forced upon
Germany by the entente allies brutal
methods of war and by their determine
ton to destroy the central powers. and
that the government OF the United
states will further realize that the
now openly disclosed Intentions of the
entente allies give back TO Germany
the freedom of action which she re-
served in her note addressed TO the
government of the United States on
May 1, 1916
Under these circumstances Ger
many will meet the illegal measures
of her enemies by forcibly preventing
GfteY February I. 1917. In zone
around Great Britain. France Italy
and in the eastern Mediterranean all
Navigation, that of neutrals included
from ana to England and from and TO
France, etc, etc. All ships met within
the zone win be sunk
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
Refused To Be Bound
BY Any Conditions.

ITO this the government of the Unit
ed States replied on the eighth of May,
accepting, of course, the assurance Civ
sen, but adding:
SThe government of the United
States feels it necessary to state that
1t takes it Tor granted that the i'm
perial German government does not
intend it to imply that the maintenance
of its newly announced policy is in any
way contingent upon the course of re-
suits of diplomatic negotiations be-
tween the government of the United
States and other belligerent govern.
ments, notwithstanding the fact that
certain passages in the imperial gov
ernments p1te Of the fourth instant
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
Why RIottera Are Scare.

Did you get that stack of blotters
with the lads" on the backs this wear?
Or course you didn't. It's the thigh
cost OF blotters'' now. Owing to the
decreased production and the in
creased cost of paper stock, Brook
Ign paper and blotter concern predict
ed that blotters this year were going
to be about as scarce as eggs.-Brook-
Ign Eagle.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
No Alternative Consistent
With Country's Honor.

II think that you win agree with me
that, in view of this declaration, which
suddenly and without prior intimation
of any kind deliberately wfthdraws
the solemn assurance given in the i'm
perial governments note of the fourth
of May, 1916. this government has no
alternative consistent with the dignity
and honor of the United States, but to
take the course which, in its note of
the eighteenth of April, 1916, it an
nOunced that 1t would take in the
event that the German government did
not declare and effect an abandonment
of the methods of submarine warfare
which ii was then employing and 20
which 1t now purposes again TO re-
sort.
II have, therefore, directed the sec
rotary of state to announce TO his ex-
cellency the German ambassador that
all diplomatic relations between the
United States and the German empire
are severed and that the American am
bassadOr at Berlin will be Immediately
withdrawn, and in accordance with
this decision to hand to his excellency
his passports.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
CARE FOR YOUR SKIN
And Keep 1t Clear by Daily Use OF
Cuticura-TriaI Free.

A hot bath with Cuticura Soap fol,
lowed by gentle amounting with CUT.
cura Ointment clears the skin or scalp
in most cases of eczemas, rashes and
itching of children and adults. Make
Cuticura your everyday toilet prepare.
tons and prevent such troubles.
Free sample each by mani with Book,
Address postcard, Cuticura, Dept l.,
Boston. Sold eyerywhere.-Adv.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09

Pre-dreadnaughts have main bat
teries of more than one size of big
guns, and would be of little use in a
great naval battle where dreadnaughts
(battleships having main batteries of
all big guns) were engaged.
Besides the ships included in the
above table, there is large number
of transports. golfers, repair ships.
torpedo-depot ships aud other axufl-
larry vessels.
There are vast heroes of fast pri-
vate motor boats and yachts in the
United States which would be promnt-
IL taken over by he government in
time of war.
The ROverumsnt also has arrange
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
katherine,s Voice.

Mrs. Excl don't believe that music
teacher can make anything out OF
Katherine's voice.
Exe-Youre mistaken. He's made
over a hundred dollars out of it al
ready.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
NAVY IS STRONGER
THAN LAND FORCES
United States Makes Best Show
ing Upon the Sea.
MAJOR VESSELS NUMBER 226
Present Comparisons With other Ma
tons Difficult Because of Secrecy
Maintained by Countries
at War.

OF the two branches of the armed
forces of the United States-the army
and the navy-the latter is by far the
more formidable when compared with
the armed forces of the other great
powers.
According to the latest records, the
American NAYS. totalsA7 ,097 ,502 tons
displacement, taking into account both
ships built and building
This tonnage compares with the
following for the great powers on July
l, 1914, or about three years ago:
Great Britain, 2,713,756; Germany,
1,304,640; France, S99,915; Japan, 699,-
GIG; Russia, 701253; Italy, 497,S15,
and Austria-H Hungary, 372,00S.
In the period since then these great
powers, all at war, have increased
their navies by giant strides. They
naturally have kept their naval de-
velopmentS secret, but it is known, for
instance, that in the first two years of
the war Great Britain launched a new
navy fully equal in size TO the whole
of the United States sea fighting
forces.
Exactly how the American navy
compares with others today is impos-
sible for most experts to say. Perhaps
a few esecret-servce men in the employ
of the big fighting governments know,
but If they do they are keeping this
valuable information for their own ma
TONS purposes.
The number of officers and men in
the United States navy on July /.
1916, was 5000. This compared with
pre-war strengths on July /, 1914, of
$50, COO officers and men for Great Brit
ain; Germany, 79,197; France, 63,846;
Japan, 55,73S; Russia, 2,463; Italy.
39,913, and Austria Hungary, 1881.
1t has been stated in newspaper dis
patches that the officers and men in
the British navy now number 100000,
and that a round million workers are
constantly employed in Great Britain
building new ships of war and repair
ing old ones. Less is known about
Germany's naval strength as developed
under the stress of war, but she is sup
posed 10 have between five hundred
and eight hundred new submarines in
commission
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
appropriated.
tBesides Neff submarine.

The act further appropriated S10,-
4S5, 800 for ammunition for the YES
sells. rhe total cost of ammunition for
the vessels listed was estimated at
$40 1874, 175.
The naval appropriation bill now
before congress would not change the
above table materially. beyond a
slight addition TO cost In the event
of the United States becoming fully
involved in war United States Navy
men believe congress would immedi-
ately decide upon much larger pro-
gram of naval construction than any
yet contemplated.
The total of all vessels of the
United States navy Gin service. under
construction. and authorized is 552
They are divided as follows: Battle
ships, first line. 26; battleshipS, sec
ond line. &c; battle cruisers. 6 F; armored
cruisers, 10: cruisers first class. ;
cruisers. second class. 4; cruisers,
third class. 49, monitors. z destrOyers.
124; torpedo boats. IS; submarines
143;; tenders to torpedo vessels, s.;
gunboats, 80; transports, g.; supply
ships. 3; hospital ships, 2; fuel ships,
%; converted yachts. IA: tugs, 50;
special type. 6; unserviceable for war
PURPOSES 81
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09

What class of the population do
you suppose would make the best sub
marine crewsf"
We'll the logical conclusion points
to the submerged tenth"
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
President Tells Congress of Sew
erance of Diplomatic
Relations.
RECITES KAISER'S PROMISES
Says He Refuses to Believe Subma-
rlnes Will Commit Overt Acts
Against American Lives
and Ships.

Washington, Feb. 3.-President Will
son this afternoon addressed a joint
session of congress. outlining the
events that led up to the diplomatic
break with Germany. He said:
''To the congress, February 3, 1917.
Gentlemen of the Congress:
"The Imperial GerT 4 government
on the 31st of January announced to
this government and to the govern
ments of the other neutral nations
that on and after the LIST day of Febru-
airy, the present month, Ii would adopt
policy with regard to the use Of
submarines against all shipping seek
ing to pass through certain designated
areas of the high seas to which 1t is
clearly my duty to call your attention.
LET me remind the congress that
on the 18th of April last, in view of
the sinking on the 24th Of March of
the cross Channel passenger steamer
Sussex by a German submarine. with
out summons or warning, and the con-
sequent loss of the lives of several
citizens of the United States, who
were passengers aboard her, this gov
eminent addressed a note to the I'm
perial German government in which it
made the following declarations:
"'f it still be the purpose of the i'm
perial government to prosecute relent-
less and indiscriminate warfare
against vessels of commerce by the
use of submarines without regard to
what the government of the United
States must consider the sacred and
indisputable rules of international law
and the universally recognized die
tates of humanity, the government of
the United States is at last forced to
the conclusion that there is but one
course it can pursue. Unless the i'm
perial government should now and i'm
mediately declare and effect an aban-
dOnment of its present methods of
submarine warfare against passenger
and freight carrying vessels, the gov
eminent of the United States can have
no choice but to sever diplomatic re-
lations with the German empire alto
gether.'
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09

It's a pretty sare guess that the
man who has no friends has done
something to deserve the Tx he is in.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
Recalls Assurances Given
BY Germany.

I'm reply to this declaration the inn
perial German government gave this
government the following assurance:
The German government is pre-
pared to do its utmost TO confine the
operations of the war for the rest of
its duration to the fighting forces of
the belligerents, thereby also assuring
the freedom of the seas, a principle
upon which the German government
believes, now as before, to be In agree
ment with the government of the
United States.
The German government, guided
by this idea, notifies the government
or the United States that the German
naval forces have received the follow
Ing orders: In accordance with the
general principles of visit and search
and destruction of merchant vessels
recognized by international law, such
vessels, both within and without the
area declared as naval war zone.
declared as naval war zone, shall not
be sunk without warning and without
saving human lives, unless these ships
attempt to escape or offer resistance.
But it added, 'neutrals cannot
expect that Germany, forced TO fight
for her existence, shall, for the sake of
neutral interests, restrict the use of an
effective weapon if her enemy is per-
United to continue to apply at will
methods of warfare violating the r.uIeS
OF International law. Such a demand
would be incompatible with the char
acter of neutrality. and the German
government is convinced that the gov
eminent of the United States does not
think of making such a demand,
knowing that the government of the
United States has repeatedly declared
that it is determined to restore the
principle of the freedom of the seas.
from whatever quarter it has been VIC
lated
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
U. S. Naval Forces.

In nutshell, the naval forces of
the United States today Quilt or
actually building) are shown by the
following table:
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09

ments with many private shipping
firms to take over larger vessels at
agreed prices in time of need.
Naval Militia.
To re-enforce the navy there is to-
day no regular reserve, although one
is contemplated. Former navy men
would be urged TO re-enlist, retired of
ficers would be called back TO the quar-
terdeck, and the naval militia would
be utilized as far as found available.
This force is now organized in %
states, the District OF Columbia and
the territory of Hawaii, and has total
enlistment of SSH men. New York
has the largest number of naval mill
tiamen-1,4 9S; and other leading
states in this respect are California,
SS7; Illinois, sci Massachusetts, 74S;
Michigan, 1876: Minnesota, 439, and
New Jersey 442.
The naval militia is partly under
state and partly under federal juris-
diction. The officer of the navy de-
partment having charge of naval
militia matters is Capt. 7. p. Ma
gruder.
The New Navy.
Great plans for naval expansion
were included in the naval act APP
proved August 20 of last year. These
have just begun to be carried out.
In addition. the present congress now
has under consideration a bill which
would expand last years program
slightly.
The act of last year authorizes the
president, who is titular commander in
chief of both the army and the
navy, 10 start construction before
July /, 1919; ON 1877 vessels of various
types.
The following table shows the pro-
gram in detail. Secretary of the
Navy Daniels finds he cannot build
some of the vessels for the sums es
timated or appropriated on account
of the increased cost of labor and
materials, and he has requests be-
fore congress TO Increase the amounts
he may spend:
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09

Father Of DYSPEPSIA.
Hurry is the father of dyspepsia
William George Jordan.
Wauwatosa news. [volume] (Wauwatosa, Wis.) 1900-1948, 1917-02-09
Navy Yards.

The United States has ten navy
yards, located at Brooklyn, N. Y;
Boston, Mass; Norfolk, Va; Ports
mouth. N. H.; Philadelphia, Pa; San
Francisco, Cal; Washington, ID. G. /;
Bremerton, Wash; Charleston. S. c.,
and New Orleans, La.
There is also a naval station at Key
West, Fla; a torpedo and training
station at Newport, r. l.; training
station on Yerba Buena Island, Cal,
and training station az North Chi
cago. H.; an aeronautic station at
Pensacola. Fla, and the Naval War
college at Newport, r. l. Other naval
stations are at Tutuila, Samoa; Guam,
Guantanamo, Cuba; Honolulu, Ha-
waiian Islands; Cavite and Olongapo,
Philippines.
The Chesterfield advertiser. [volume] (Chesterfield C.H., S.C.) 1884-1978, 1917-02-19
Don't Leave it to Your Nei6h-
Dor; Come out and Vote and
Bring Your Neighbor With
You on Wednesday, the FL.

This Is Not nOrdinary Opportuny-It Extraordinary
The First Time In the History of This Old County
When Congressional Fifth District
to Come From Her Ctizens-Let All the
One Man and Cast His Ballot For Foremost
Citizen Vote For Stevenson Is Chesterfield
County.
1t is assured fact, believe, that Stevenson be
elected to Congress next Wednesday, February
to this county to show the other counties
they leaders only along financial lines but
that this county the leader in public spednes
tereld county has than 1000 white voting
w. F. Stevenson should receive 1000 the general
election for Congress and will do
TY AND REMIND YOUR NE1GHBoR no DO HIS DUTY and
vote for CHESTERFIELD COUNTY by voting W. F. Stevenson