The Daily Missoulian. [volume] (Missoula, Mont.) 1904-1961, 1917-01-14

trance steps and areaway. In the ac-
complaining diagram we present Il de-
sign for cellar OF concrete. 40 feet
long and ii feet wide. outside meas
urements, with a ceiling height of ~
feet in the clear The structure Is
madeNof concrete. because this material
has come into general farm use. and
may be erected by the poultryman
himself with the assistance of ordi-
nary farm labor. Anyone who can
handle a Ratchet and saw and built
a wooden form, can execute a salts
factory concrete job, whereas certain
amount Of skill is required to lay up
stone or brick masonry.
The work of keeping the floor water
proof should be taken up in connection
with the excavation Excavate to a
depth of nine inches below the finished
floor level, and fill II in with six inches
of broken stone. cinders. broken tile,
brickbats or any other hard porous
material that will obtain perfect drain
age. Never use ashes. Tramp this
foundation material to Il solid bed. and
1t is then ready for the concrete floor
slab. which should be about three
inches thick. The floor should he
pitched to drain, for cleaning pur-
poses. And if the cellar is located in
n 1T I Ia y1v In. xe
cultural tile may be laid through the
foundation material and led away from
the building to lower ground or to n
dry well. We would use a finishing
coat of cement on the floor or else
trowel the concrete to a smooth sur
face.
The walls should be about eight
inches thick. as shown. For the con-
crete throughout we would use the fol-
lowing proportion: one part cement.
2ls parts sand, and s parts crushed
stone, pebbles. cinders or Stag. The
sand should be clean. sharp and COARSE,
and the large aggregate must be free
OF loan. clay or organic matter. We
would use cement that is guaranteed
to meet the United States government
standard. See that 1t Ia fresh and In
no way affected by moisture. Needless
to say, It must be stored in a dry place,
as ever dampness will cause cement
to set, and 1t is then worthless.
Measure the ingredients for con-
sS,nfn 1sNnsf Mt ~fNy
them thoroughly. The secret of good /
is to have tho ingredients No
thoroughly, mixed that no two grains
of sand or pieces of stone. lie together |
without an Intervening coating or CHM
Of cement. to insure perfect adhesion. |
Forms for concrete. while they are
simply falsework and afterwnrd re- |
moved. should be securely built of fair
" good material. They should be
strong enough to hold the weight Of |
the concrete without bullying out OF |
shape. Plant them so there will be |
no difficult measurements, to UNDER !
stand, and aim to use them over ind |
over again. as much as possible, which ,
greatly reduces their cost. They should |
be adequately braced in sections best |
adapted to the work, and in sizes that |
are convenient to handle.
To estimate the quantities of ingre-
dents required for a concrete job. ,
which will also give you an idea OF the |
cost. first figure the cubical contents !
get the actual volume or capacity of !
the forms in cubic feet Let this prod |
uct represent the quantity of crushed |
stone, cinders or whatever is used for !!
the large aggregate. Then. If the de- |
sired proportion or mixture for the |
is 1.2ia-5. since 2La is one
half of 5. the necessary sand or small |
a ggregate will he one-half Of the |
large aggregate. or crushed stone. Sim |
llary, the cement is one fifth Of the !
large aggregate.
Insure Perfect Ventilation.
Proper ventilation is imperative The |
egg chambers of the incubator must be !
supplied with fresh air at !
all times. yet there should be no risk |
of driving rains or direct currents of !,
air blowing on the machine. The win
dows are therefore fitted with double |
sash. as showng the ilneu sash to open
in and down, and the outer sash to
open out and up. In shis manner n free !,
Of air is established The |