davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-08-09
must be dried uniformly through anu

must be dried uniformly through anu
through.
It will be found advisable also to
scondiuon" practically all dried vege-
tables and fruits. This is best done
In a small way by placing the mate
rial In boxes and pouring 1t from one
box into another once q day for three
or four days, SO as to mix 1t thor
oughly and give to the whole mass an
even degree of moisture. II the mate
rial is found to be too moist, 1t should
be returned to the drying trays for
short drying.
Direction. for Drying. y
Many Of the products for which d.
rections are given here may be dried
either with or without preliminary
blanching. In such cases both meth
DDS are described. Alternative meth
DDS are designated by letters.
Sweet Corn.
Only very young and tender corn
should be used for drying, and 1t
should be prepared at once after gath
ering.
(a) Cook in boiling water two to
five minutes, long enough to set the
milk. Cut the kernels from the cob
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-08-09

with sharp knife, taking care not to
cut off pieces Of the cob. Spread thin
ly on trays, and place In position to
dry. Stir occasionally until dry.
(b) Boil or steam on the cob eight
to ten minutes to set the milk. To
improve flavor a teaspoonful Of salt
to gallon Of water may be used.
Drain well and cut corn from cob,
using a very sharp and flexible knife.
Cut grains fine, only half way down
to the cob, and scrape out the re-
mainder of grain. being careful not to
scrape Of any Of the chaff next to the
cob. Dry from three to four hours at
ITO degrees to 145 degrees Fahren-
heit. When field corn Is used, good,
plump roast,ng-ear stage is the proper
degree Of rpeness. A pound Of dried
corn per dozen ears Is an average
yield.
(c) The corn may be dried In the
sun. Dry In oven ten to fifteen min.
utes, and finish drying In the sun. Sun
drying, Of course, is not satisfactory
In moist weather.
Pack In cartons or boxes for a few
days to condition"
Lima Beans.
Lima beans can be shelled from the
pod and dried. II gathered before ma
tunty when young and tender. wast
and blanch from five to ten mlnutea
Length Of time for blanching dependk
upon size and maturity Of beans. Re
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-08-09

Sliced sests in Tray, Ready for Drying.
move surface moisture and dry from
three to three and one-half hours at
same temperature as string beans.
Peppera
(a) Peppers may be dried by split.
ting on one side. removing seed, dry
ing In the air. and finishing the dry
ing In the drier at 140 degrees Fahren.
heit. A more satisfactory method Is
to place peppers In biscuit pan In oven
and heat until skin bllsters, or to
steam peppers until skin softens, peel,
split In half, take out seed, and dry
at ITO degrees to 40 degrees Fahren.
heit. In drying thick-fieshed peppers
like the pimento, do not increase heat
too quickly, but dry slowly and q d
".
(b) Small varieties Of red peppers
may be spread In the sun until wilted
and the drying finished In the drier.
or they may be dried entirely In the
sun.
(c) Peppers often are dried whole.
II they are large they can be strung
on stout thread; II small, the whole
plant can be hung up to dry.
Spinach and Parsley.
Spinach that Is in prime condition
OF greens should be prepared by care
ful washing and removing the leaves
from the roots. Spread the leaves on
trays to dry thoroughly. Slicing will
greatly facilitate drying.
Parsley should be treated in the
same way as spinach.
Herbs.
Celery tops. parsley, mint sage, and
herbs of all kinds need not be
blanched, but should be washed well
and dried In the sun or In the drier.
These are good for flavoring SOUPS.
purees, gravies. omeIets. etc.
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-08-09

The Indian discovered for himself the science
OF irrigation. Many Of the tribes. such as the
Crows and the Apaches. early made use Of the
river bottoms for the cultivation OF the staple
crop-corn. When the condition Of dryness came
they would construct a rough temporary dam of
logs with which they could divert the course Of
part Of the stream into their lands. There were
primitive bitches which distributed the water
Southwestern Indians however, we're hydraulic
engineers, who played every point In the gnme
against drought. They and also the primitive
people who had preceded them, worked out ex-
tensiye bitches with channels and lateral branches
These bitches as seen In Arizona and New Mexico
show how thoroughly the Indians had developed r.
ngation on lines which we would hail In this day
as scientific and efficient. There is much to be
learned even by the farmer who has had the
training Of the agricultural college II be will study
the system or irrigation perfected by these tribes
OF the Southwest who In 20 many respects re-
semble the Egyptians They made the ella river
their Nile, and. strange as II seems now, we flnd
the people OF the Pueblos now taking up the cul-
ture Of an Egyptian cotton under tutelage Of the
United States department Of agriculture, and from
seed brought from the land Of the Pharaohs In
this region are also seen terraced gardens, which
are watered In accordance with the demands Of
approved agriculture.
II is one Of the ironIes Of fate that In Oklahoma
and other regions where the Indian and the eau
casan race meet In competition In agricultural
arts. as, for instance, In the county fairs, that
many prizes are awarded to our first farmers
This especially applies to corn and other cereals
The great help which the work Of the Indian
will be to this country will no doubt be shown
later when an effort is made to utilize to the full
the products which he has so much developed The
shortage Of wheat as reported. shows much could
be done In the cultivation Of corn the planting Of
which in many parts Of the country begins In
June. This grain is put In this country In much
the same category as the Great Chan Of Literature
placed oats when he declared that It was grain
used In England for horses and In Scotland for
men. The people Of the United States have been
shipping large quantities of corn for use of other
nations as human food and reserving their own
supply principally as feed for horses.
Modern science has given us wizards In the arts
of hybridization. like Luther Burbank and yet
with all the knowledge which civilization has ac.
cumulated 1t has never been better served on this
continent than by the real founders of our agricul
tural resources-the American Indians.
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-08-09

Thsse Potato Strings Have Been
Cooked. Passsd Through Meat
Grinder Used In Ordinary Homes.
thermometer can be suspended in the
drier. II a thermometer Is not used.
the greatest care should be given to
the regulation Of the heat. The tenn
perature In the drier rises rather
quickly and the product may scorch
unless close attention Is given. The
reason sun drying is popularity be-
heved to give fruits and vegetables
a sweeter favor lies probably In the
fact that In the sun they never are
scorched, whereas In the oven or over
a stove scorching is likely to occur
unless careful attention Is given them.
Drying Of certain products can be
completed In some driers within two
or three hours. The time required for
drying vegetables varies. However, 1t
can be determined easily by a little
experience on the part Of the person
doing the drying. The material should
be stirred or turned several times dur
ing the drying In order to secure a
uniform product.
The ability to Judge accurately as
to when fruit has reached the proper
condition for removal from drier can
be gained only by experience. When
sufficiently dried 1t should be so dry
that It Is impossible to press water
out Of the freshly cut ends of the
pieces, and will not show any Of the
natural grain Of the fruit on being
broken. and yet not 30 dry that 1t win
snap or crackle. It should be leathery
and pliable.
Evaporation Of Moisture.
When freshly cut fruits or vege-
tables are spread out they Immediate
ly begin to evaporate moisture into
the air around them, and II in a closed
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-08-09
Worlds Most Powerful Searchlight

1t is ten feet high, Its mirror has diameter Of
FIVE feet and 1t weighs three tons. Its beam Is as
brilliant as the sun at eight O'Clock In the morning
or four In the afternoon, New York latitude, and
you can read newspaper BY Its light 30 miles
away. The heat OF Its focused beam is so intense
that II will set paper afre at distance of 250 feet.
II has eandlepower of more than one and
quarter billion.
These are few astonishing facts about the
Sperry of Brooklyn N. Y, who is already known
as the inventor of the airpane stabilIzer and ship
gyroscope bearing his name and the first electric
arc light. When the last big air raid over London
was made by Zeppens, the Sperry searchghts
bathed the big dirigbles In beams Of light they
could not escape. According to some London ac-
counts the Sperry searchght is the Zeppelin's
Nemesis.
One of the most powerful beacons along the
coast is the Sandy Hook lighthouse But the
Sperry searchlight is % times more brilliant
than that light Were the Sperry lamp substituted
for the lighthouse beacon ship passing out to
sea could be bathed In light until 1t disappeared
below the horizon. BY swinging the light back and
forth across the sky 1t has been made visible $50
miles away. For navy use the Sperry lamp illum-
mates target ten times more brilliantly than any
other protector devised
Equipped with carriage that permits the lamp
to be turned in circle and in any direction up to
80 degrees the giant searchlight Is of the greatest
value In detecting aircraft. The operator cannot
control 1t near at hand; the great heat prevents
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-08-09

Of the soil that his stalk should be perfect that
ears should escape the insect and the blight
The harvesting Of the corn Is In our modern
practice essentially the same process as that Of
the Indians. The method Of curing and storing
has not changed. The corn was placed In venti-
lated structures stills. for the corncrib every
farmer uses is an Indian invention also.
So much for the Indian corn seen In the So
called corn belt of the United States Here the
aborlgines had developed II into the lordly plant
The ingenuity Of the Indian farmer came into play
In the Southwest, where he raised excellent corn
in what seemed a sandy desert To insure moisture
for the plant the Indian buried the seed foot or
more underground at the bottom of hole bored
out by his planting stick. The deep-growing corn
Is one of the wonders of Hopi husbandry. When
deeply Inferred Mondamin comes to life be sends
some slender roots upward. but under the new
conditions the main roots are not put forth until
they are within an inch 80 Of the surface The
Hopis build wind screens for the further protec-
tion Of the plant. When the plant at last natures
the part above ground looks like low bush, and
yet 1t bears fine, well-formed ears. The United
States government used to try to teach the Indians
of the Southwest how to farm but now 1t finds
1t about as profitable to 60 to school to them.
II has been accepted for many years that In the
Dakotas and much Of the Northwest II was impos-
sibe for the white farmers to grow corn because
all Of the varieties tried were killed by frost Re-
Gently II occurred to some scientists that despite
the drawback Of the weather the Mandan In
dlans were raising corn An expedition under the
auspices Of the American Museum of Natural His
tory made a study Of the agriculture methods Of
the Mandans II developed that for centuries the
farmers of the tribe had been developing a hardy
corn The seed had been selected from year to
year from stalks which showed no effect Of frost.
The stalks Of this variety SO stunted that they
are more like shrubs than the plant which is COM
to other lattudes. Seed corn raised by the
Mandans is to be sown all through that region
which, according TO the official maps, Is not at all
fitted for raising corn, and thus the food supplies
Of the nation will eventually be increased by many
millions of bushels every year.
The secrets Of the cultivation of this strangely
acclimated tropical plant were found by an arch
aeologist and not agriculturist, and were hand
ed over by Buffalo Bird Woman and others of her
tribe In the belief that they might help the white
neghbors This by the way, is returning good for
evil. for In the early years Of the white race on
this continent the Indian III requted for all
that he did for us.
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-08-09
METhODSOF DRYING
Three Ways Applicable In Making
Dried Products.
SHRED OR CUT INTO SLICES
Hhen Artificial Heat 10 to Be Used,
Freshly Cut Fruits and vegeta-
bIes Should Be Exposed First
to Gentle Heat.

From FARMERS BULLETIN s4l. United
States Department OF Agriculture.)
Three main ways Of drying are ap-
plicable in the home manufacture Of
dried fruits and vegetables, namely,
sun drying, drying by artificial heat,
and drying by air blast. These, Of
course, may be combined. In general,
most fruits or vegetables. to be dried
quickly, must first be shredded or cut
Into slices, because many are too large
to dry quickly or are covered with a
skin, the purpose Of which Is to pre-
vent drying out. When freshly cut
fruits or vegetables are to be dried by
means Of artificial heat, they should
be exposed first to gentle heat and
later to the higher temperatures. II
the air applied at the outset Is Of too
high temperature, the cut surfaces
Of the sliced fruits or vegetables be-
come hard. or scorched, covering the
juicy interior so that 1t will not dry
out. Generally 1t Is not desirable that
the air temperature In drying should
go above 140 degrees to $50 degrees
Fahrenheit, and 1t Is better to keep 1t
well below this point. Insects and In
sect eggs are killed by exposure to
heat of this temperature.
Degree Of Hest
II Is important to know the degree
Of heat In the drier, and this cannot
be determined very accurately except
by using a thermometer. inexpensive
oven Thermometers can be found on
the market. or an ordinary chemical
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-08-09

oox will very soon saturate the air
with moisture. This will slow down
the rate Of drying and lead to the
formation Of molds. II a current Of
dry air is blown over them continual.
ly. the water In them will evaporate
steadily until they are dry and crisp.
Certain products, especially raspber-
ries, should not be dried hard, because
II too much moisture Is removed from
them they will not resume their orig
inal form when soaked In water. On
the other hand, the material must be
dried sufficiently or 1t will not keep,
but will mold. Too great stress can
not be laid upon this point. This does
not mean that the product must be
baked or scorched, but simply that II
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-08-09
COULD HARDLY BE EXPECTED.

The teacher was trying to show the children
how It was that our forbears were so ignorant of
other countries She talked for an hour about
the lack of knowledge Of navigation, the small.
ness OF ships and the fear Of the unknown. Then
she noticed that Jimmy was not attending.
why was 1t thatswe know 80 little about other
countries 400 years ago Jlmmyi" she said, spring.
Ing the question upon him.
Please miss" said Jimmy. without a mo-
ments hisitaton, because we weren't born"
The Yale expositor., 1917-03-22
A Well Hated Landlord.

The most hated landlord In Ireland
for the last 100 years, miser known
as "the parsimonious peer" was HUI
bert George de Burgh Canning, mar
Quis Of Clanricarde. He was unmar-
ried, and with his death the marquis
ate became extinct. His Irish estate
extended from Athenry, in Galway, to
Woodford, twenty miles southeast, and
1t was said that anywhere along this
route could be obtained a story Of trag-
edy In the land war. Time and again
the aid of the forces Of the crown in
evicting tenants had been refused. BE
was never seen in a vehicle. He took
daily walks to Regents park. There,
on a public seat, not one Of the chairs,
for which he would have been charged
a small fee, would sit this owner of
10000 acres watching the squirrels. He
was a noted collector Of china and pic
lures, Of which he was a wise buyer
Chicago Journal.
The Yale expositor., 1917-03-22
MORTGAGE SALE.

Default having been made In the conditions OF
certain mortgage, made and executed by
Harry Custance and Margery Custance, his wife,
OF klmDall township, st. Clair county, Michigan,
TO Jacob BernatZ, of Port Huron, Michigan,
bearing date the 2lst day OF September, 1914, and
recorded In the Office of the Register of Deeds
Tor ST. Clair county, In Liber l03 of mortgages on
page GID, and default having been made IN the
payment Of principal and interest," and taxes
stipulated IN SAID mortgage, there Is claimed 10
Dc due and remaining unpaid on said mortgage
at the date of this notice the sum OF one hundred
nfty-nlne and 79-l0O dollars (Sl5979), principal
anu interest, and taxes paid on said prenis-
es, and no suit or proceeding at law having been
Instituted TO remove the debt secured by said
mortgage, or any part thereof therefore, notice
is hereby given, by virtue OF the power OF sale
contained III said mortgage, and tine statute in
sucn case made ana provided: On the 10th day
Of May, 1917, at ten O'Clock in the forenoon, the
undersigned will. at the front door OF the court
House, In the City oil Port Huron, Michigan, that
beng the place where the Circuit Court for the
County OF st. Clair Is held sell at public auction
the Premises described in said mortgage, or so
much thereof as may be necessary to satisfy said
mortgage, together with Attorney Zee OF $1,000.
said mortgage premises being described as fol-
lows, to-wit: piece of land bounded as follows:
On the North by the kimball Road Oh the East
by the Highway and 1omlinson, on the South
by the Newman Estate, on the West by Fuller
ton and the Newman Estate, and being in the
Northwest Quarter of the Northeast Quarter
OF Section Twenty -one (2l), Town Six (6) North,
Range Sixteen ll6l East, containing nineteen
ana one-half acres, be the same more or less, all
OF which is a part of said Township OF Kimball,
st. Clair County, Michigan.
Dated, March 1st, 1917.
THOMAS II. GEORGE, Mortgage.
Attorney for Mortgagee b
Business address, No. jerks Blk 4S-l3
Port Huron, Michigan
The Yale expositor., 1917-03-22

Things we see but don't notice were
under discussion at the club luncheon
table. This was the opportunity Of
the member who took pride In his SUI
perlative powers Of observation. TAX
ing from his note case crisp one
pound note, he laid 1t on a plate and
offered its equivalent to every men,
Der at the table who could answer
correctly the following simple every
day questions O On looking at the
face of a penny with the dated side
toward you and the date at the bot
tom, does the head Of the image on
the coin face toward your left hand or
toward your right? (2 How many
ribs are there In the cover of an um-
brella2 (3) In a pack of cards one of
the kings has only one eye visible
that Is, his profile only is portrayed
which of the kings is It? (4 Which
way do the seeds In the core Of an ap-
pie point, toward the stem or opposite
to It? The one pound note did not
change hands.-London Standard.
The Yale expositor., 1917-03-22
A Once LEGAL Fiction.

In the legal calendar the oath Of Oc-
tober is worthy Of notice, as on that
day, In 1852, two individuals, though
personally known to no one and enjoy
ing an extensive reputation among law
yers, ceased to exist In England. These
persons were John Doe and Richard
Roe, and no two persons were more fire.
quently referred to In legal documents.
in every process of ejectment, instead
Of the real parties to the suit being
named, John Doe, plaintiff, sued Rich
ard Roe, defendant. Their names were
also inserted In criminal proceedings.
This fiction was introduced into Eng
lish legal practice In the time Of Ed
ward I'LL, In consequence, 1t was said,
of provision In Magma Charta which
required the production of witnesses
before every criminal trial, and hence
forth John Doe and Richard Roe were
inserted as the names Of the alleged
witness, a custom which was carried
across the Atlantic to this country
Indianapolis News.
The Yale expositor., 1917-03-22
OF Interest to Farmers
Melvin, Mich, Mar. 20, 1917

Melvin, Mich, Mar. 20, 1917.
Gentlemen:
We would be pleased, through the
columns of your valuable paper, to call
the attention of the farmers of this
vicinity to the fact that Michigan hay
is fast losing its reputation for quality
in the markets of the East and South.
This is due to the large amount of fine
grass which is being permitted to ac-
cumulate in the meadows throughout
the entire State. There is a growing
prejudice against these grasses and this
prejudice Is growing so strong that any
mixture of this grass makes the hay
almost unsaleable. If Michigan is to
regain her prestige as hay producing
state it will be necessary for her farm
ers to make special effort to elimin.
ate this fine grass from the meadows
intended to produce hay for CONNER
oial purposes.
We believe this can be accomplished
by frequent plowing, not cutting to ex.
ceed three successive crops and also
making every effort to have the land in
good condition and free from grass
before reseeding. Hay that is early cut
is always of better quality than when
it is permitted to get oyerripe as it then
loses its color and consequently per.
centage of its value.
We also believe it would be advisable
this present season to plow at least 20
per cent of the meadows, due to the
fact that hay is much cheaper in pro-
portion than other commodities. This
% per cent of meadows could be devoted
to other crops at much better profit
to the farmer and would incidentally
reduce the tonnage of hay so that the
coming crop might bring a much bet
ter price than the present.
Our 1916 crop of hay was the largest
ever produced which accounts for the
wide Discrepancy between the price of
hay and the price of farm produce.
1t is a we'll known fact that as rule
farmers secure larger revenue from a
medium crop than they do from an ex.
cessive crop as the demand is naturally
much larger, this makes the crop much
more pleasant to handle.
We believe this advice, if followed
by farmers generally, will make the
coming crop much more profitable than
the last.
Trusting this will be of interest to
the farmers in this locality, we are,
Yours very truly,
Kerr Grain & Hay Co.
The Yale expositor., 1917-03-22

Many years ago the master butchers
Of Washington market in New York
city, used to kick their hats about the
market at the close of business on Sat
urday night Under the custom In the
market it was considered sighting of
the profession for any butcher not to
appear behind his counter with a high
hat, and 1t was thought bad taste If the
meat seller at the end of prosperous
week failed to destroy the hat. The
apprentice butchers couldn't afford silk
headgear and so used to gather up the
broken hats and repair them for their
own use.
The Yale expositor., 1917-03-22

DROBATE ORDER
Il State of Michigan, The Probate Court for
the County of st. Clair
At session Of said court, held at the Probate
ONCE In the City of Port Huron, In said County,
on the 9th day of March, A. ID. 1917.
Present: Hon. Hugh Ii. Hart, Judge of Probate
In the Matter Of the Estate Of John Mathews,
Deceased.
William g. Wight having filed with this Court
his final administration account as administra-
tor Of said estate, together with petition pray
Ing that the said account be allowed, the admin
istrator discharged, the estate closed, the heirs
determined and the residue Of the said estate
assigned to the persons entitled thereto.
ills Ordered that Monday, the 9th day of
April, next, at 900 O'Clock in the forenoon,
at said Probate Office, be appointed for hearing
thereof;
And 1t Is Further Ordered, that a copy of this
order be published three successive weeks prev
ious to said day of hearing in the Yale Expositor
newspaper printed and circulating In said
County Of st. Clair.
IA True Copy.) HUGH III. HART,
GEO. l.. BROWN. Judge of Probate
Register Of Probate 5o-4