davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16

scraps of a family of four and the eggshells were fed. No whole grain of any kind was used owing to tNe diffi- culty of buying it. When I visited the plant last August the hens were healthy and many were laying. I was told that as many eggs were laid last winter as had been produced before the war when good commercial eSg mash and scratching grain was fed
 The above method of feeding gives good results because the food is bal anced. In 100 pounds of the mash there are the following constituents: Protein, IT per cent (the important element in food that furnishes the hen albumin to make the whites of the eggs); starch, 63 per cent; fiat. 4.7 per cent. Any ration that contains 15 per cent protein will produce good egg yield, so it is easy to understand why this simple bran and middlinSs ration gives satisfactory results. Un- less whole grain cannot be purchased, I would feed some kind of grain in the litter every day in addition to the mash. A little whole grain would give the hens more work to do.
 In the south some poultrymen are get ting away from the dry mash-whole grain ration and they use nothing but whole grain for the layers. While this system is exactly opposite to that of our Canadian friend, it produces sirni- lar high egg yield. The whole grain ration we have fed at Clemson college in simply equal parts by weight of corn. oats and cowpeas. The anlysis of this mixture shows protein, 25.5 per cent; starch, e per cent; fat. 3.6 per cent The ien5 receive two liberal feeds of this mixed grain daily scattered over Sthe grass or leaves about the poultry
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16
By DOLLY DALRYMPLE
CHRISTMAS wreath at

20 N CHRISTMAS wreath at your GS M front door looks good.
 A\ but wreath of evergreens
 isn't in it with a face wreathed in smiles. Who am I slam ming at now? Was that what you asked. MT. Caudle? Then I'll tell you: your own dear, delightful self, sir! And why are you the goat? We'll. why not? I've never seen a more disagreeable, more grouchy. more unhappy looking per- son round Christmas time than yourself. NTnar's that? You haven't been out of temper in ages? What about the other afternoon when I asked you to help me to build fire and bring little Christ mas cheer to our hearthstone? What did you say? You did it with the greatest pleasure? Well, If that's what you call pleasure, mine and your idea is very different, I can tell you that
 What did you do that was disagree able? Do you want me to go all over that terrible episode in our lives again? You don't mind? Oh, Mir. Candle. I am afraid you have no fine feelings, no sensitiveness, no refinement about your feelings, as I have; perhaps that's one of the reasons we are so frightfully un- congenial. In the first place, you have always grumbled and mumbled about having fire laid in the living room; I've told you that it was an emergency fire. sc if company came in suddenly and we needed one it was there; but no, you wouldn't have it that way, because you thought it looked tacky; so what should happen the other evening when the Tat tletales came in, but-no fire and the ther- mometer at almost zero? T turned to you as sweetly as I knew how, realizing that you wanted to appear at your best before that little Tattletale minx, and said: MT. Caudle, won't you kindly get
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16
GERMAN ARTILLERY GREATLY INCREASED
 S|NCE: WAR STARTED
Kaiser's Army Said to Have More Than Double Num- Der of Field Guns It
 Started With

French Front, October S0.-(Corre-
 spondence of the Associated Press)
 The entente armies have not been
 alone in recognizing the greater value
 of artillery as compared with infantry
 in the method of warfare in opera
 ton on all the European fronts since
 at the end of 1914.
 A glance at the strength of the Ger
 man field artillery branch at the open
 ing of hostilities shows that it then
 consisted of GAP batteries. At pres
 ent it is composed of 2000 batteries at
 least As the batteries now cotnain only four pieces instead of six as at
 the beginning of the war, the calcu lation of the power of the artillery in the field must be based on the num- Der of guns rather than that of bat teries. Whereas in 1914 the German army possessed only 1852 field guns, l it now disposes of 5000 if the mini Idnlim figure of 2000 batteries with which it was furnished at the end of 1916 is taken as the basis of calcula- tion.
 These field artillery batteries are di- vided into two kinds-those armed i with the 77-centimetre cannon Cthe three-inch) and those armed with light four-inch field howitzers. The Ger man three-inch cannon has been much I improved and its range greatly 1n- l creased since 1914.
 1 As to the German heavy artillery. l the increase in the number of pieces has been even greater in proportion | than that of the field artillery In peace time the German empire had or ganized "A regiments of heavy artil : llery. Each regiment was composed of l two battalions of four batteries and each battery was armed with four l guns, thus totalling 76S heavy guns. l As soon as the army had been mo- 1 bilized in 1914 the German military authorities established new heavy ar ] tillery formations. Soon each artillery regiment of the regunr army had at l tached to it a reserve regiment con- lsisting of four batteries of skilled gunners. also a battalion of four bat l iteries of landwehr. or second reserve ists and, finally, a battalion of four batteries formed from among the third 1reservists or 1andsturm When the ar senals and shell factories later had reached a higher level of production I of guns and ammuniticn- further bat teries were forn'oG from among tho I men of the ErsaN reserve. Since the l first year of the war large numbers Of l the recruits of the younger classes
 which have been called out for serv- I ice have been sent to the artillery l branch By the end of 1916 the mum 1 Der of heavy batteries had been multi piled more than five times and in the l course of 1917 further additions have l been made to the total.
 Of the German big guns, 25 per cent 1 are long-range cannon and the re- maining 75 per cent hoWitzers. The most numerous of their long-range guns are 4-inch, AZ inch, 5-inch and 6-inch, but they possess also batteries
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16
Children of the Working Woman


 Burton J. Hendriclz, in Harper's Nigga zine.
 Perhaps the greatest lesson these studies among foreign mothers teach us is the effect of hard work upon in- fant mortality. The extent to which prospective mothers increase the fam fly revenue apparently regulates the ex- tent to which their babies die. These women add few dollars a week to their husbands earnings, but they pay a dreadful penalty in the loss of their children. Among foreigners those na- tionalities which limit their women's work to household duties, such as the English and the Germans have the best luck with their babies. Those peoples, such as the southern and eastern Eu- ropeans-S -Slovaks, Poles and Serbo- Croatians-who regard their women aI- most as much as their men as family breadwinners, lose their infants to a much greater degree. And, as though in obedience to 4 hitherto undiscovered est pay tho greatest penalties of this kind. Italian mothers, it is true, have a higher infant mortality rate than certain eastern Europeans, despite the fact that, in the main, they are not heavy laborers; but these women have poor physiques, and are thus not good natural candidates for maternity. The contrary is true of the Polish, the Slovak and the Serbo- Croatian women. Their fecundity is well known; the Polish mother, indeed, was the greatest en- emy that Bismarck feared in dealing with his Polish problem for the ability of the Polish women to produce soldiers he looked upon as a constant military menace to the German empire. In the mining regions of western Pennsylvania, however, though the Polish and Serbo- Croatian birth rate is high, their infant
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16
HOW TO FORMULATE WAR
 RA TIONS FOR YOUR POULTRY
Abnormal Conditions Neces- sitate Use of HOme-GrOwn Substitutes-Analysis of Different Ingredients for Different Localities
By FRANK c. HARE Poultry Husbandman, Clemson Col.

F0uttry E1USDanUman, clemson OOl-
 Iege, g. c.
 Excessive costs of foodstuffs gener- ally used by poultrymen have con- fronted them with the problem of how to substitute other grains or meals to the best advantage in making up an egg mash for laying fowls. It can be done, as will be found in this article.
 When I was in Canada last summer I learned that the food controller had prohibited the use of sound wheat for any purpose other than human con- sumption. It is only a question of time until a similar restriction will be effective in the United States. I was looking today at sample of scratching food submitted by the rep- resentative of a milling company in New Orleans. This salesman said: 'We are using the highest grade of wheat screenings in this mixture and we be- lieye we were fortunate in getting it Every poultry feed house Is buying up wheat screenings as soon as put on the market. and we don't expect to be able to get what we need. The government will not let us put good wheat in chicken feed"
 While wheat is the best whole grain to feed poultry, it's elimination can take place without loss. Clean wheat screenings is good substitute, but it is generally preferable to feed the bran and middlings or low grade flour of good wheat in the mash. and 10 substitute other sound grain for wheat in the scratching food. The popular system of feeding hens to make 'em lay" is to keep dry mixture of ground grains and animal food before them and each morning and evening to feed a mixture of whole or coarsely- cracked grain in deep litter to induce exercise. Under this system the con- position of the dry, ground grain mix ture, known as the egg mash, is ex- ceedingly important, while the compo- sition of the scratching mixture is unimportant. The egg mash furnishes the food to make the eggs. The scratching mivture of coarse grains gives the hen's internal organs nat ural grinding to do and keeps the muscles of her body healthy.
 Simple Northern and Southern Feeds
 An easy way to feed hens and pull let's to make eggs was practiced last fall and winter at Holmhurst Poultry farm in Canada Two wheat products, bran and middlings. were all the 100 hens received A dry mash of equal parts by volume of wheat bran and wheat middlings was kept before the hens. Each morning and evening crumbly mash of wheat middlings and water was fed in sufficient quantity to thoroughly satisfy the fowls. The table
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16
Egg Mash for Central West

The above mash contains a percent age of 1S.4 protein, and it will be found an excellent mash to make hens lay, as we'll as suitable mash to feed developing chicks. These two ex- amples of formulating egg mashes from grains at hand illustrate how easy it is to mix a mash that will fur . nish the layer the elements of food she requires. It unquestionably pays to mix poultry. and pigeon foods ac- cording to the chemical composition of the foods you are using. Then you know the fowls are receiving bal anced ration. and one that will make eggs and not fat, or one that will grow healthy, vigorous chicks and not runts There is another important considera- tion to bear in mind. Any mixture you make at home must be palatable, otherwise it is useless Ground oats, cornmeal and wheat shorts are three foods fowls and chicks are fond of. Wheat bran mixed with some fine meal is well liked. Beef scraps, cowpea and velvet bean meals and fish meal are preferred by all ages of chickens,
 In changing fowls from one egg mash to another of quite different for mula, make the change in diet gradu- ally. First. add 10 per cent of the new mash to the old and feed this mix
 ture for a few days; then add 25 per
 cent of the new mash and continue
 the feed several days, then mix the new and old mashes in equal parts and finally have the new mash 75 per cen, Of the old before it is used alone. The
 reason for introducing the new feed in this gradual manner is to prevent de- ranging the internal organs of the hen and to maintain her appetite A sud den change from one food to another Of different composition will generally result in loss of appetite, a discontin- uance of egg production and some. times the commencement of a partial or complete molting of feathers.
 IT poultry men are to abolish the excessive profits at present accruina 10 the middlemen, they must co-oper. ate. They must band themselves to. gether for many reasons, as will be described in ~next weeks article.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16

house m winter. No dry mash of any
 kind is used, but ground oyster shells
 or ground limestone are supplied.
 Making Dry Mash at Home
 It was stated that good egg yield
 would be obtained when the amount of
 protein in the ration is 15 per cent.
 This statement is absolutely true pro-
 vlded some oth 1T conditions are reason
 ably correct. These are: CD A hen or
 mature pu.lc- of strong wit llity, free
 from parasites or disease. @ An environ
 ment that satisfies the hen. A scared
 or worried hen will not lay Make her
 contented by providing suitable, house, nest all kind attention. (S) A con- stant supply of pure water. An egg contains 65 per cent water. X dry hen cannot make a product that is two- thirds water. (D A constant supply of lime. Ground oyster shells or limestone. or broken eggshells are used.
 As war times have upset the sale and dsStrl ution oe many gla.Bs used in mixing egg mashes and necessitated the .siol general usc of local Coo.i products, it is advisable to provide the man who
 wants to make his egg mash at home with a table of food values from which to work out his mixture. There is no
 need of a complicate'. table of fool values. The amount of protein in the mash is all we wish to know, And We will make this at least IS per cent. This will make OUT raticn of egg mash aHi scratching grain (estimating that the layer consumes about equal parts of the l mash and the whole grain mixture) fig ure out about 15 per cent protein. We are certain to have sufficient starch and fat-because these are the main con- 1 sttuents of all sgrains-while the ash will be obtained from the mineral matter and lime products picked Up by the hen.
 Vo Iit-id ha a
 making mashes into two classes (a) Foods containing more than IS per cent protein. (b) Foods containing less than IS per cent protein.
 Over IS Per Cent Protein Meat crisps, 75 meat scrap high-grade, 593; meat scrap, average grade, o-.0; tankage 517 to 63.1; fish meal, 4s4; soy bean meal, 41.4; peanut meal, lj; prime cotton seed meal, 36.9; gluten meal. a5.5; buckwheat middlings, 2S.3; gluten feed, 25.4 cowpsa meal, 2S.6; germ oil meal, 22.6; velvet bean meal, 2oS; ground cow pea hay. 19.3.
 Under Is Per Cent Protein Wheat middlings, 1..A. wheat bran, I16.O; low-grade flour, {l6.S; velvet tean hay meal 16.4 oat middlings, i6.3; al-
 falfa meal, 14.S; ground oats, PA; ground alfalfa. Ill., corn meal 10.4.
 A southern poultryman, able to obtain corn meal, wheat middlings, rice bran. ground oats, velvet bean meal and cot 1 ton seed meal wishes to mix up good egg mash. Let us begin by taking l0, 1 pounds of each food and learn the amount of protein in the 800 pounds. By 1 referring to the tables and adding the l amount of protein for each food. we obtain total of 112.9 pounds. l>ivfoe this amount by six and the percentage of protein in 100 pounds of the mixture IS lSS By adding 100 pounds more of ground oats, the amount of protein IS brought up to 17.9 or practically IS per cent. The approved formula, with the addition of k per cent table salt, is
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16
The One Church Town

f VIi1 tIfO VIII ISlIdII I1GTdIu.
 Some little villages of Southern Calf> fornia boast of 12 or 14 church edifices. Towns with two or three thousands population often have from 20 to 25 churches. One city of 2O00 people has expended close to $2,o0o,O0 in church buildings, and 1t is estimated that tho same city appropriates nearly $20,000 annually to maintain these institutions. Recently some have been considering the economy of this, and question whether the same money. if spent in other channels. would not accomplish more beneficial purpose. The city or Claremont has taken the initiative in this direction. Claremont has about 1900 people. adherents of some e dif- ferent denominations. These have nn,t- ca ana erected beautiful $25,000 building. with a $10.000 pipe organ.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16
Not a Bit of Use
From the Chicago Herald.


 There was some speculation as to whether the instrument would bene- fit the old gentleman or not. One was holding the ear trumpet while anoth- CT was explaining it's use and showing old MT. Shortcash how to hold 1t to his ear.
 Say something to him through 1t, Binks," said one to the other.
 Now Binks had long waited for an opportunity to reach Mr. Shortcash's ear, so. speaking very distinctly into the trumpet, he said:
 You've not paid me that $5 you owe me yet, MT. Shortca sh.'
 But the old gentleman put the in- strument down with disappointment on his face, and they could see 1t was q failure even before he had time to say:
 That things not bit of use to me-
 And he sighed. but bs sigh was not so deep as that which came from sBinks
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16

there is barrel on the back porch that you sent out to the house pur- posely to keep coal in? You know very well there is. Then why was 1t empty? For the very same reason any thing else Is empty: it wasn't filled, Whats that you say? You suppose I think that's witticism? No, MT. Cau
 dle, l verify believe though 1t is the truth. Oh, MT. Caudle, your disposi-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16

How could it? Why we might be living in Europe this Christmas you say? l don't know that it would be any worse! There would be a speedier chance to get out of things taht are disagreeable, MT. Caudle."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16
Barber Shops for Birds
le Indianapolis News.

From the Indianapolis News.
 An indianapolis mother tells the story of the 4-year-old bride of the household" who observed a wee bird lying on the sidewalk near their home. It was, of course, without feathers, be- ing very young, and had evidently fall en from it's nest among the boughs of the oak tree above
 'Oh. muvver.' said the youngster, T didn't know they had barber-shops for little birds. Looky, this one has all been shaved."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16

death rate Is likewise high. Miss Latin rop's investigations present one starw- ling paradox-that Is, that those foreign babies who, on strictly biological grounds, ought to have the best chances of survival, apparently have the worst.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16
Egg Mash for the South

A poultryman in the central west wishes to make a satisfactory egg mash from cornmeal ground oats
 wheat bran, wheat middlings, alfalfa meal (to furnish green food in winter). and high-grade meat scraps. If we be- gin by taking 100 pounds of each food, with the exception of alfalfa. meals, of which we will use 50 pounds, the per centage of protein Is found to be 22.2.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16

feather ending in broad light steel gray band edged with blacAr flights, black barred with brown and ending in a broad black band with light gray edge. The primary coverts where they show are white, forming a broad white band across the wing when folded. Full grown hens weigh from 12 to IS pounds, males from 20 to 30 pounds.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16

While it does not attain the size and weight of the American bronze turkey, the Narragansett turkey is superior in quality of flesh and is lighter in bone. It natures more rapidly, and is there fore quickly available for market. It meets the large demand for medium weight, fleshy birds. sg
 The plunlage is a metallic black, each
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16

This is away too high, so we will do some experimenting, putting in more of the cheaper grains wherever pos sible. The final result is the following nash
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16

DOLL LY-ET1TES

DICTIONARIES should be given for Christmas Gifts to those who "can never find Words to Express them selves"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-12-16

Ole Miss, CT Teller ought ter Remember at Christmas time dat dar's always CT Night after de Mawnin' after de Night buffore. Yassum!
The Jasper news. [volume] (Jasper, Missouri) 1898-1924, 1917-12-13
Edible British Seaweeds.

Other British Seaweeds besides car
rageen moss make excellent eating.
Among these are lavcr, Samphirc,
dulse, erings, and sea holly. Samphire
used to be cried in the streets of
London under the name of "crest ma
rine," but apparently present-day cos
termongers never sell it. LAYER tastes
as good as spinach, and is more nutri-
tious. Sir James Barrie tells us how
to cook dulse. In "a Window in
Thrums" he writes: "Dulse is roast
ed by twisting it round the tongs when
of cooking which gives it an oyster
like flavor. Dillisk, chopped up small
and stewed in mill; thickCncd with oat-
meal, is a splendid dish.
The Jasper news. [volume] (Jasper, Missouri) 1898-1924, 1917-12-13
Voice of the Early Church.

Tell me, whence are you rich? From
whom have you received? From your
grandfather, did you say; from you"
father? Are you able to show, ascend
ing In the order OF generation, that
that possession is just throughout the
whole series of preceding generations?
Its beginning and root grew necessari-
ly out of injustice. Why? Because
God did not make this man rich and
that man poor from the beginning.
Nor, when he created the world, did
he allot much treasure to any one man
and forbid another to seek any. He
gave the same earth to be cultivated
by all. Since, therefore, his bounty is
common, how comes it that you have
so many fields and your neighbor not
even q clod of earth? The idea
we should have of the rich and covet-
ous-they are truly as robbers who,
standing in the public highway, de-
spoil the passers.-St. John Chrysos-
tom, Greek Church, 347-407.