davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-17

antee against strikes but they will do
all in their power to settle any labor
troubles amicably and at once. The
recent strike of. the Chicago switch
men which threatened to tie up freight
and hinder the sending Of war ma
terial and food caused no little anxiety
for a time. as did the strikes in. the
copper mines in the far West. But,
after a time these were settled. Other
threatened strikes were prevented by
the cooler heads of. labor organizations
who finally persuaded the men that
strikes would embarrass the work of
the Government at this time. Pro-
German influence has been found at
work in many of the organizations
trying to foment trouble. and as far as
possible this elem ent has been welded
out or relegated to the back seats in
labor organizations.
In war and in it's preparation the
laboring man plays a most important
part-in fact, war could not be car
ried on without his aid, for the build
ing of cantonments, the making of
ammunition, guns and clothing is Just
as much a part of war as the actual
firing of guns. The Government must
depend on the 1aboring man to furnish
the sinews of war and is willing to pay
him a fair price for his labor. Today
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-17
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A brief outline of Mr.. Hoover's view
of food administration is a division of
the work into four great branches. In
the first branch would be set up a
certain number of separate executive
bodies for regulation and administra-
ton of certain critical commo dities,
and these should be organized on the
normal lines Of our ommercia1 insti-
tutions with board of directors. a
president, and executive officers, who
will work out problems involved in
these commodities and will institute
stabilize prices and distribution; and
that these bodies should be so con-
stituted of the leaders of the country's
consumers alike.
The second branch of food admin
istration as outlined by Mr.. Hoover
lies in the cooperation of the gov
ernors and State administrations
through the establishment of State
food administrations who will act in
behalf of the National Executive in
national matters, and who will them
selves handle local problems. Through
these State administrations and their
assistants Mr.. Hoover hopes to secure,
among other things, coordination in
distribution from one section Of the
country to another. and to use the
powers against Legitimate boarding
which Congress is being asked to vest
in the food administration,
Furthermore, it devolves on the
States to stop waste in public places.
In referring to this phase of his
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-17

2. That labor organizations and
locals might take advantage of the
pressing need for labor to insist upon
Increases in pay and changes in exist
ing standards which only the Nations
need for Industrial peace could be
said to excuse.
8. That war prices might bring
about SO wide a discrepancy between
wages, and living costs that hunger,
rioting and general discomfort would
utterly disorganize industry.
4. That any or all of these condi-
tons might be made the foundation
by traitorously bent elements for a
movement which would result in a
lack of national unity in prosecuting
the war"
The members of the Council de-
clare that they are prepared to meet
the first three, and that the fourth
can be settled by an active cooperation
through the Food Control Bill. A set
of resolutions approved of, by the
Council of National Defense has. been
spread broadcast both in reference to
capital and labor. The one intended
for capital reads as follows:
THAT the Council of National De-
tense urge upon the Legislatures of
the States. as well as all adninistra-
tive agencies charged With the en-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-17

Federation of Labor; Lee K. :Frankel.
Third Vice-President of the ;Metropoli-
tan Life Insurance Company; James
O'Connell, President of the Metal
Trades Department of the American
Federation of Labor, and Louis B.
Schram, Chairman Of the Labor Com
mittee of the United Brewers Asso-
citation. Mr.. Gompers also has as
special assistants Ralph M. Easley
and James W. Sullivan The other
three hundred and seventy-fve mem
beers serve on various subcommittee
and assist in making plans for the
conserving and cooperation of labor
in war work. Naturally, they are de-
termined to protect the right of labor
should an attempt be made to impose
on these rights, but SO far there has
been little clash.
Labor Troubles That We're Feared.
The Developments expected and
feared at the present time by the
members of the Council are as fol-
lows; @ =
1. That some employers might take
advantage of an apparent need for
speeding up production to break down
the legislative and industrial safe
guards with which labor has sur
rounded itself in State and Nation
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-17

thousands of men of every trade are
busi1y engaged in building canton
ments (Which are in reality small
cities). to house our men in their
training for the trenches. Thousands
of others are turning out aeroplanes,
ships and arms to help win the war.
All labor has been put to. work, and
whether a man is a butcher or baker
or candlestick maker" he is playing
his part as an American citizen to help
win the war.
Mr.. Sullivan's Views.
Mr.. James w. Sullivan, of New
York. Mr.. Gompers' right hand man
on the Committee on Labor, recently
gave out an interview which shows
very clearly how labor stands on the
o-win-the-war question. Mr..
Sullivan has spent years in investigat-
ing the labor conditions both in this
country and abroad and is regarded
as an authority on the subject. He
has assisted both in settling and pre-
venting strikes and various labor trou-
bles. One of the most recent being
the so-called anti organ
ization in New York, which sought to
convey the idea that the labor leaders
were, supporting the movement. Mr..
Sullivan promptly called on the or
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-17

forcement of labor and health laws,
the great duty of vigorously main
tanning the existing safeguards as to
the health and welfare of the workers,
and that no departure from such pres
emit standards in State laws and State
rulings affecting labor should be taken
without a declaration of the Council
of National Defense that such a de-
parture is essential to the effective
pursuit of the national defense"
1t also admonishes labor in the fol-
lowing:
"It believes, however, that no arbi-
trary change in wages should be
sought at this time by either employ
ers or employees through the process
of strikes or lockouts without at least
giving the established agencies, in
Guiding those of the several States
and of the Government and of the
Mediation Board in the Transports
ton Service, and the Division of Con-
Citation of the Department of Labor
in the industries. an opportunity to
adjust the difficulties without the stop
page of work occurring. Hold your
conferences under the general idea
that the employer and employee
should get together at this time"
OF course. the labor members OF
the council cannot absolutely guar
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-17
Work Of the Food Administration Under Herbert
c. Hoover "A War Emergency Measure
ia Americas Food Problems Woman's Part.
Copyright. 1917. by The International Syndicate.

- ONE WEEKS AGO every wom-
an in the country was asked to
~ sign q pledge-card asking her
to join the Food Administration
In Washington In the service of food
conservation in the United States as
FAR. as circumstances permitted.
While most women signed the cards
because they knew that the cause to
which: they were piedging themselves
was right and righteous one, many
OF them know little of what the Food
Administration is and what it Is try
fnEito do.
The Food Administration is a war
efnergency measure inaugurated by
the President Of the United States for
the control and conservation of food
not suffer from the prevailing short
ago. of foodstuffs now or in the fu-
fufe; and also that those nations with
wA)rh the United States is allied in
the war who are short of foodstuffs
MAY be aided by this country.
Nh Ii Who Is Hoover?.
The man who was appointed by the
President to undertake the all Inn
portant task of food administrator is
Mr.. Herbert C. Hoover, born in Iowa,
graduate Of Stanford University. Cali
fornia, mining engineer by profession,
ann resident of many countries by rea-
Eodi Of big interests therein He is
EnQ@R hroggbout the business world
~ man OF preeminent ability and
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-17
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ganization for the names of the labor
leaders who were supporting the
cause. They were never forthcoming
for as matter of fact no labor leader
in the United States would think of
supporting the plans of agents of pro-
German or anti-war propaganda
To quote Mr.. Sullivan literally, he
says:
First and foremost organized labor
has contributed greatly to the success
of the Committee on Labor of thez
Council of National Defense in Great
ing and fostering a better feeling be-
tween capital and labor. We didn't
start out by declaring that there
would be no strikes during the war;
we are not giving non-Union groups
immunity, nor are we stopping other
activities in the American Federation
of Labor, but we are proceeding with
restraint and with an eye single to the,
necessity of doing our share in win
ming the war. r.
Big organizations like the Carpen-
ters', the Plumbers and other Inter
national Unions have adopted resolu-
lions >to this end which have been
taken as a policy by other organiza-
tons; there has been less of a. dispo-z
sition toward impetuous insistence
upon non-essentials, and fine spirit :
of patriotism and self Sacrifices for the
benefit of the country has been shown.
We have not heard discordant noise :.
of the slightest Importance in our own
organization; we hardly hear a sound.
from ultra radical elements The
great steps in the support of the war
have gone on with the fullest app
prevail of organized trade union men,
The Labor Committee of the Coun-
| Gil has played part in nearly every
| war measure. It even took a hand
when the rules under which the con- :
scription was formulated and insisted
upon individual exemptions rather
| than the exemptions of the men. of
| entire factories as In England Fand
France, thus giving men who were
anxious to go to the front chance to
come out of the factory and go to the
trenches if they were physically At.
There has been some comment on
| the fact that even in the rush of work
in our factories the labor organiza-
tons have insisted on the eight-hour
law unless a sudden emergency should
arise. A study of the conditions of
the English munition workers proves
the value of this rule, for it was soon
discovered that short hours. meant a
greater productivity of the shells than
long hours which tired out the work.
ers and affected his general health.
Labor's Pledge.
Recently a society known as the
American Alliance for Labor and.
Democracy was formed. The purpose
!. of the organization is to guarantee the
support of the Government by the Ia
boring man in the present war. The
pledge is as follows: -4's
Eve, the officers Of the national and
International trade unions of America
the capital of our nation hereby
pledge ourselves in peace or in war,
in stress or in storm. to stand unre-s
servedly by the standards OF liberty
and the safety and preservation of the
:. ideals of our republic" e4-,ssS
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-17

organization before Congress Mr..
Hoover said: "Our theory of admin
istration is that we should centralize
ideas and decentralize execution
Women OF The Nation And Waste.
The third equally important depart
ment outlined by Mr. Hoover is that
of domestic economy. As ninety per
cent. of the ultimate food consumption
of the country is in the hands of the
women of the country Mr.. Hoover ex-
poets to place before them plan of
organization including policies as to
the elimination of waste, the reduc-
ton of consumption, the substitution
of local commodities for those further
afield, the substitution of overabund-
ant commodities for those which 1t
is desired to- export to the allies. and
the instruction in the intelligent pur-
chase and use of foodstuffs and to set
public opinion against waste and ex-
travagance in public places.
The fourth branch of the food ad-
ministration, as outlined by Mr..
Hoover. must be that of cooperation
with our allies in many important
questions involving exports from this
country and our common import from
other countries.
In line with the third division of Mr..
Hoover's program was the recent re-
quest made of every American woman
to Join as an actual member of the
food administration and give her
pledge that as far as means and cir
cumstances will permit she will carry
out the instructions which will be sent
her in detail from time to time.
There is no service in this war of
our own country and our allies in
which the women of the country can
so well enlist themselves as in this
one," says Mr.. Hoover, land the sue
cess of the food administration will
rest very largely upon the support we
receive from them"
In one of his recent public talks
he said further: 81 am confident that
the whole of this service can be car
ried out by the men and women of
the country on volunteer basis, and
I can see no other means by which the
problems can be adequately solved
in the United States. My ambition is
to see my own people solve their own
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-17

mlnistration is intended, of course,
only to meet a manifest emergency,
and to continue only while the war
lasts
Americas Food Problems.
In accepting President Wilson'S re-
quest to become head of the food ad-
ministration Mr.. Hoover stated that
1t was entirely upon the assumption
that Congress would grant broad
powers to the President on which a
competent administration could be set
up. Il hold strongly to the view that
while large powers are necessary for
minority cases they will probably need
but little application, for the vast
majority of the producing and dis
tributing elements in the country are
only too willing and anxious to serve
our national necessities"
In presenting Americas problem in
general way Mr.. Hoover states that
this country normally produces a sur
plus of most commodities, and that
her problem is to secure the effective
and economical distribution of these
supplies, to induce as large an export
surplus for the benefit of her allies
as possible. to protect our own re-
quirements, to ask the whole com
nunity to assist in building up this
surplus by every effort of economy
that can be devised. and to set up
such machinery as will furnish this
balance wheel on prices.
"At best the food of our allies will
be a privation loaf" he says, land
every ounce we can add to 1t is a
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-17

problem. Those men and women who
cannot serve in the trenches or the
shops can show their patriotism In
no way SO fully as IN this service" 4,
Committees On Domestic Economy.
That information on food conserva-
ton, which will be sent broadcast
throughout the country may be of
the highest practical value Mr., Hoover
is forming a number of advisory conn
mittees on domestic economy with
the assistance of the best trained
thought of the country in this direc-
ton. Upon the advice and informa--.
ton of these committees instruction
will be furnished the housekeepers of
the land as to the manner in which
they can best serve the national in.
terests in food conservation.
There are six general principles
which will govern the information to
be sent out from the food administra-
ton headquarters in Washington.
These will have for their object the
saving of wheat, the saving of meat.
the saving of fats. the saving of food
supplies chiefly by the use of perish
able substitutes for staples, the asav-
ing of transportation, and the saving
OF all waste by preaching the gospel
Of the clean plate" the buying ofsless
foodstuffs, the serving of smaller por-
lions and by other methods set forth.
For the woman who is willing to
take the pledge of cooperation with
the food administration there Is a.
card insignia to be hung in the win
dow of her home showing the world
that she is with the Government in
its effort for food conservation. There
is also prescribed kitchen uniform.
designed in the office of the Food Adj
mfnistration which she is privileged
to wear if so minded. In itself this
is measure of conservation, being
neat, practical and inexpensive.
The Department of Agriculture
stands staunchly behind the FOOD Al
ministration in its eoucaI1on work in
meeting wartime conditions Through
the Office of the Secretary of Agricul-
ture studies are made or modes of liy-
ing and standards set for the people.
The accompanying photograph issued
by the Department of Agriculture is
one of a series of illuminating pictures
illustrative of the quantity and quality
of food necessary to sustain a family
of five for one day in keeping within
the requirements of the times and in.
sustaining Mr.. Hoover's dictum: Eat
plenty. wisely. without wastA"
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-17

unimpeachable integrity.
Mr.. Hoover was chosen for the spe-
cfal task which has now devolved upon
Europe became involved in war he
was in London and Immediately inter
ested himself in benevolent war ac-
tivities and in time became the sole
distributor of supplies sent from this
and other countries to the stricken
Belgians and other war-impoverished
peoples. When this country became
involved in the war Hoover Of Bel
GUM" was recognized as the one man
prominently qualified to take over
the enormous task of heading the
Food Administration war program of
the United States.
In a message to the public upon
this choice President Wilson said:
"I have asked Mr.. Herbert Hoover
to undertake this all-important task
of Food Administration. He has ex-
pressed his Willingness to do SO on
condition that he is to receive no pay
ment for his services and that the
whole force under him, exclusive of
clerical assistance, shall be employed.
so far as possible, upon the same
volunteer basis. He has expressed his
confidence that this difficult matter of
food administration can be success
fully administered through the volun-
I legitimate distributors of foodstuffs
and with the help of the women OF
the country. The proposed food adj
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-17
Loy1alty Of the Labonng
Man In Our War Against
Kaiserdom : Splendid
Work of the Labor Com
nlittee Of the Council Of
National Defense.
Copyright. 1917, by The International
Syndicate.

SYNDICATE. -, y
~OR MANY YEARS there have
= ~ been confiicts-seriouss conflicts
~ between capital and labor, and
~ Notwithstanding theSgrave con-
sequences resulting from such diff
ferences they have beenawaged with
Halisnity and intense pitf4rness But
HoX.that- OLE country Is At war, fight
ne the battle of freedom, Of action
&nd Independence of, Thought, these
two traditional. enemies are found act
ing together, burying 'theirra osities
toward each other and: joining their
strength and energies I'M the crushing
Of the common foe. Labor: has been
lust. as patriotic as capital and & the
sacrihces OF the 1aborer have been
1ust as generous and as.iuncomplain-
1ngfy ni4kfe as in the case of the cap,
Maiist. In the common danger con-
Honting our country labor Knows no.
lag but the Stars and Stripes, rec
oEnizes no duty or obligation but the
GOOD of the, nation, and on battlefield
or,amid the hum of the factory labor
viii be found upholding its endfof the
burdens with a DISCRIMINATION and eff1--
&ency will be an example for
az to emulate. Il
y - Labor Members OF Council.
For several months that section of
the Council of National Defense which
represents the industrial life of the
nation has worked quietly and with lit
de friction planning the part labor is
to play in our war against German
Kultur. Eleven men head the or
Eanization, and three hundred and
seventy-hve men are its executive di-
rectors. Mr.. Samuel Gompers, the
President of the American Federation
ofSLabors Is the chairman Of the COM
nittee, and perhaps its most active
1ncnber. From the very start of the
war Mr.. Gompers made his position
plain to the, 1aboring world by de-
daring that he would not fight any
move on the part of organized labor
IN an attempt to embarrass the Gov
ernment's war preparedness. While
he believes in fair play for the labor
ing man he thinks that in the
present crisis disputes between labor
and capital might be settled with
out strikes or disturbances in the war
preparations. Serving on the commit
tee with Mr.. Gompers are Secretary
Of Labor Wilson, President v. Everett
Macy. Of the National Civic Fedora
+ ton; James Lord, President of the Min
ing Department American Federation
Of Labor; General Manager Elisha
-Eees Of the Pennsylvaniat Railroad;
W&S S.sStone, Grand Chief Of the
motherhood of Locomotive Engi-
neers; s. z. Michael, Of the National
Association of Manufacturers; Frank
Morrison. Secretary of the American
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-10-17

organization before Congress Mr..
Hoover said: "Our theory of admin
istration is that we should centralize
ideas and decentralize execution
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1917-11-30
THE HEAVRINS ENTERTAIN.

Mr.. and Mrs. M. l.. Heavrin en-
tertained a small party of guests at
their elegant home to a six o'clock
Thanksgiving dinner Wednesday ev-
ening. The guests were Judge h. W.
Slack, r. b. Martin, E. G. Barrass,
County Attorney A. ID. Kirk, Otto
Martin and the editor of the Hart
ford Republican. The dinner includ-
ed roast turkey, cranberry sauce and
a menu too elaborate to mention.
The dinner was served in courses, and
only those who have Toasted at a
table where Mrs. Heavrin was hos
tess could appreciate the obligations
of the guests for polite attention.
The guests spent the evening in an
agreeable social entertainment in the
Heavrin parlors, and departed with
a warm gratitude toward host and
hostess, for a pleasant evenings en-
tertainment.
The Hartford republican. (Hartford, Ky.) 18??-1926, 1917-11-30
ALCOHOL IN BEER
TO BE REDUCED

Washington, Nov. 27.-The recon-
mondatiou of the Food Administra-
ion that the alcoholic contents of
beer be reduced to per cent. and
that the volume of grain to be used
in brewing shall be reduced to an
amount approximately 20 per cent
OF that formerly used, has been ap-
proved by the President.
u g. pointed out that while these
regulations will permit the brew
ing of the same volume OF beer for
merry brcwed, and that rs there is
now from two to three years supply
Of whisky, brandy, gin and other
distilled liquors in the country, the
country will be prevented from go
ing on a distilled liquor basis entire
ly.