davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17

see phy you should not run ~.
but am sure that you will be
criticised II you DO for The rea
son that 90 many people DO not
MAKE The distinction that should
be made between these soft
drinks and the Intoxicating H.
quors
There Is also another reason
Why Ne should not encourage
the use Of these drinks that are
pct out By the brewing com
panles IN the form In which
this one ~. and that IL that Il
gives inscriptions persons the
opportunity 10 handle beer IN
der he pretense OF selling
'Bevo This viii give you my
vlsws regarding the matter
Whether or not The Times
should lake this Advertising.
Ei.i Be a matter Tor tho man
sge- - this publication 20 de-
tsrmirs for himself
Nsrv truly yours.
Edw. Ra zdsn.
Attorney.
y ciArk's Official report Of
Bsvo" follows
No 1888
SPEC men "Bevo
Sent In BY Detroit Timss,
Detroit Mich
Report analysis Alcohol by
yo'gm less than one-sourth OF
one percent. extract 66t per
cent
J. r. Clark.
County Chemist.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17

msrt % the growing enid Is inc
ability 10 breathe In a natural man
ner thru the nose
The air thus taken IN tho noe
trils reaches tho lungs warmed
and. 70 certain extent altered
from bacteria.
when on account % nose OBJ
Etructions tho air IS drawn largely
thru The mouth. these desirable
changes n % do not take place
The upper air passages and The
structures connected with them fail
10 expand thru lack OF u-c This
spoiis a child's good looks ~ dls
tnrtlrz tAA taeA- and 49, ------=
When in addition 20 adenoids,
az f. frequently the case. The ton
sis are enlarged 90 a. 20 block the
passage % air thru the mouth there
e 20 great hinderance 20 breath.
lnE "a % cause less lung expansion
nd undevelopmcnt % the chest
This weakens all the vital powers
md lessons resistance ~ any dis
ease TO which tbs victim Is eI
posed.
Apart from these serious me
chanlcal defects enlarged tonsil'
and adenoids lead 10 chronic ca
'arrh and impaired hearing. 20 The
frequent occurrence OF colds. dis
eases ot tho middle car and 10 az
fackr % severe sore throat
When scarlet fever. measles Of
diphtheria occurs ~ Is apt 20 be IN
usually severe and followed by dan
serous complications
Uphtheria Sand other disease
germs are very apt. 20 persist In
tho throat and nose Tor a very Ions
tIme. and thus proiong the period
% quarantine
n child s mouth breather
SHORES during sleep. Us subject Z,
constant colds carache and sore
throat is dun az school and does
not hear veil. II b. probable tha
arenoids and enlarged tonsils ari
both present
They can be removed by a YER
simple and practically harmlesi
operation
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17

Greenland ranch in Death valley
holds the record for registered heat.
according 10 an Official announce
mont ON July 10. 1919. the tncr.
momctor 40 this ranch capped tho
climax in possibilities by climbing
10 i34 degrees Fahrenheit,
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17
Heslth oyss,Ions An.~ered.

Mrs r. X. Kindly inform me
OF = good remedy for chllblalns."
Plunge feet frequently into cold
water containing salt or a little am
monia. or battle IN kerosene oil.
Dry thcroly and rub gently. Dust
with talcum powder Keep away
from heat. Paint with two coats %
iodine. allow FIRST coat 10 dry be.
fore applying second.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17
From Another Point OF TIeD
By c. T. S.

Mayor Marx has stepped into the
breach and Is going 10 see that everybody
gets coal. Good news for patrons of the
Detroit United railway. the transporta-
ton facility Of this city.
And When That kldlet Spills the bear.
Tnerel Sure Be Something Doing.
III betoha some commencement day
Some bright light OF our schools --
u IT tat ys hor, III every place
few cute geezers rule the rare
And Us the rest as tools.
And when he's got the dope laid out
Bgosh | want 20 view y.
know how Moses turned that trick
Bu; IN this Freemsns bailiwick
The thing that makes q fellow sick
Is the grade Of guys that Co IT,
Col Hitemvithpis.
A Detroit dealer in women's wear has
filed a petition in bankruptcy. There
isn't much Of demand for Il these days.
II is proposed that the question of a
bone-dry state be submitted 10 the people.
How will you have yours?
REVERSE ENGLISH.
I'VE hung on the strap next 20 you 90 otter
that feel that We are friends and let me say
Old Top. you can't eat enough garlic to sVt me
Lots Of time. Phyllis, the exercise OF
ones own judgment shows the lack of it.
The advertisement of the Durham
House, st. Ignace, in the Michigan Rail
way Guide says: my Wife and I, Pro-
lprietors" Now you know who runs the
| Durham House.
II Proctor Knott gets to be Judge OF
/ the recorders court he'll probably rule
that man ought TO have more than one
lchance.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17

nose they are
he most frequent
cause - nose OBJ
sf-uctiou In chill
dren
One az Tho ost
important factors
bearing upon the
normal develop
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17
Out Of the Mouths Of Babes

Il know what makes the hall and
snow" said four.yearo Ruth.
What. darling" asked her moth.
or IT'S The angels sweepln on
tho golden sidewalks. was the
repLr
who are the peacemakers- -
asked 'hc sunday school superin-
tondeut The police" promptly
answered a small boy in tho back
seat.
Little Bette recently visited for
tho frst time church where the
pevs were very hiEh. Being asked
on her return home what she did I'm
Dchurch. she replied Il just went
into a big cupboard and sat on a
shelf"
Edwin" said the teacher. write
sentence containing the word
contents After a few moments
hard labor Edwin submitted the FOL
lowing The contents OF COW Is
milk"
"Oh. mamma" exclaimed little
Ruth. who had narrowly escaped
being run over by an automobile
II feel 40 nervous"
What DO you mean by nervous
DEAR"
why" explained Ruth. ITS be
ing In n hurry all over
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17

household contains. The mis-.
tresss patience reached it's
limit recently when she dis
covered that the cook had brok-
en- ne thermometer that hung
In go dining room.
We'll, well" sighed the lady
Of the house. In resigned way.
you've managed 20 break even
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17
The Keep Well
Column
ToNstLs

Adeno.d- are az overrrowth Of
glaudular tissue az the back q the
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17

With the placing OF large
amount OF Advertising for "Bevo." a
drink resembling beer. manufacture
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17

the thermometer haven't you?
Whereupon. In tone equally resigned. the
cook said.
"Yis mum: and now well have 10 take the
weather Just as II comes. won't wei"
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17

By the AnhAus-
er Busch Brew
ing company. TIE
Ad Mirror had oc.
caSion 20 make 10
cuiry as 20 the
amount % Alco-
hol. " any. Il con
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17
Laugh With Us

An Irishman out ~ employment applied at
some works for a job To get 20 the office he
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17

In CORRECTING an error some PEG.
pie make Two.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17
TINES PRINTS 1T, TIE TINES BELIEVES 1T

If THE TINES PRINIS TT, THE TINES BELIEVES TT.
TINS dragging the adVsr
II n OF placing assertions and
Il estns
dollar
goods" reeosnen 20
dees net dishonest advertisers tc
,
preserving advertising adVert
address viii be
printed preferred Address
Mlrror. he RE
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17

was taken up by the lit. which
left him at the floor on which
the office was situated. and
then II assembled further.
On Pats coming out OF the
offices he went TO where he got
of the lift. stepped out. and
fell TO the bottom. When he
got up again he went to the
,,.n that uaa working in the
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17

There IA in the employ Of Brooklyn woman
an Irish cook who has managed 20 break nearly
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-02-17

IL
| Faith I have only half crown len. but
will give 10 to the first man that VIII tel me
who took that staircase away
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
KELLOGG'S PAPER
is REPRINTED
Address Delivered by Power Company
Manager at Merchants Meet
ing at Argyle Printed
in Pamphlet Form.

Stone & Webster thought so well
of the paper WAR Conditions" read
by c. w. Kellogg, manager of the
middle west district and the Mfssfs-
sippi River Power company, at the
meeting of the Keokuk Retailers
league at Argyle, Iowa. June 10, that
1t was not only printed in the Stone
& Webster journal for July. but has
been reprinted by the company in
pamphlet form and distributed all
over the United States.
The pamphlet contains sixteen
pages, has a light gray cover and is
very attractively printed. Copies have
been received here and distributed
to local Stone & Webster employees.
The article was originally printed in
The Gate City in the issue of the
evening following the Argyle meet
ing.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
GERMAN PASTOR
WILL BE INTERNED
"LetUs Pray for the Kaiser" He An
nouneed In Church and That
Started Small
Riot,
limited Press Leased Wire Service.l

United Press Leased Wire Service.l
GRAND ISLAND, Neb., July 20
Rev. VIM. George Krauleidts, German
Lutheran minister at Riverside, Neb.,
who Is alleged to have told his congre-
cation to pray for the kaiser, is under
arrest here today. He is charged with
carrying fire arms in violation OF the
presidents recent order.
The Rev. Krauleidis, who was born
in Germany is held as an alien enemy
and will be interned, Howard Sexton,
deputy United States district attor'
.ney, announced.
Let us pray for the kaiser" Kraul,
eidis is reported to have recently ex'
horted his congregation.
II object. 1 will not pray for the
kaiser" shouted w. II. Grassmeyer, a
wealthy parishioner, OF Pennsylvania
Dutch descent.
"Hoch der kaiser" shouted wo
man in the church.
ITO hell with the kaiser" Grass
meyer retorted.
krauleidis is alleged to have threat
ened Grassmeyer and others who
hung the Stars and Stripes over the
church following the incident
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
Daily Stock Letter,

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service. ]
NEW YORK, July 26.-The New
York Evening Sun financial review
today said:
Merely nominal market proceed
ed on the stock exchange during the
greater part of today. 1t was sig.
nifcant principally OF the fact that
the speculative contingent had be-
come increasingly reluctant to enter
into new contracts for any position
Modest accumulation Of various
stocks was noted throughout the list
but this buying as has been the case
for several weeks. diminished with
the marking up of prices few
points.
Unsettled conditions have conduced
to speculative commitments only for
quick turns.
Steel, equipment and tobacco
shares provided whatever upward
leadership could be said to exist.
In the last hour pressure against
the motor stocks increased and losses
of from to 8 points were sustained
by Studebaker and General Motors.
The tendency OF other stocks was also
toward lower prices in the late trad
ing, but dealings were unimportant
and price changes were small.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26

will be lighted UP as in days of yore,
thanks to the public spirited mer-
chants.
Miss Mable Howard underwent a
surgical operation for stomach trou-
BILE at the Mayo hospital in Rochest-
er, Minnesota, last Monday morning.
She rallied nicely and her condition
is very encouraging.
Fred Dennison left last Tuesday
for Ft- Riley. Kansas, to see II he
can secure a position as baker in
the army. If suitable opening can
be found he will accept it and thus
do his bit for his country.
Prof. l.. B. Schmidt and family of
Ames, Iowa, arrived in Memphis Mon
day evening and will spend his vaca-
ton at the home Of his brother-in-
law, III. H. Schenk. Professor Schmidt
is a member of the agricultural col.
lege faculty at Ames.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
CITY NEWS.

Born this morning to Mr.. and
Mrs, Charles NJ ALLEN, daughter.
The dates for the Iowa state
fair and exposition are August % to
81 inclusive.
Two colored women named Shep-
herd and Smith were arrested near
Rand park early this afternoon upon
complain Of residents in the vicinity.
A petition in bankruptcy has
been filed In the federal court here
by Gustave A. Wolf. He gives his
liabilities at $8912.35, and his assets
as nothing.
The beer seized by the police
Saturday was taken from an old
smoke house just back of the barber
shop OF Arthur Peterson, GIG Main
street, and not from the rear OF the
shop itself.
The basket dinner planned by
the First Methodist Protestant church
for Sunday noon at the church build
ing has been postponed. The Rev.
e. Leroy Steffey, pastor Of the
church, was notified today that the
st. Francisville, Mo-. church delega-
ton will not come to Keokuk Sun
day. A member Of the Methodist
IPrOteSLaut cuuICn III Iuat toWu WoS
drowned last night and the trip has
been postponed on that account.
Howard Elliott, former president
Of the New York, New Haven and
Hartford railroad, whose earlier rail-
road career included work at Keo-
kuk, was elected chairman Of the
Northern Pacific railroad yesterday.
Prior to going to the New Haven.
Mr.. Elliott was president OF the
Northern Pacific. Recently he was
made a director and member Of the
executive committee OF the latter
road. He will make his headquarters
in Chicago.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
HANNIBAL CITY
HEADSNIN kEOkUk
Officials From Neiohborino Missouri
City Inspect New keokuk
Brick and Concrete
Streets Today.

The mayor. city councilmen, city
engineer and city clerk Of Hannibal,
Mo-. were in Keokuk today inspect
ing the new concrete and brick
streets put down here this spring
and summer. Hannibal expects to
order q number Of streets paved this
fall and the city authorities are look
ing into what Keokuk and other
cities are doing in the paving line
before deciding on their program.
Hannibal has a number Of hilly
streets to pave and wants them I'M
proved in the best way possible.
The visitors declared that the Main
street Job here was a fine piece Of
work Hannibal's concrete streets
have not turned out very well, the
visitors state.
The party was composed Of ]. X.
Mills, mayor; George W. Williams
and w. A. Storrs, councilmen; H. e.
Prick, city engineer, and Fenton B.
Morris, city clerk. They were accom-
panied about the town by local city
officials.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
!. w. w, Quarters RaIded.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service
BEMIDJI. Mimi. July 26.-Havtng
raided l. W. w. headquarters. confis-
eating all furniture and literature.
several business men sus-
pected of sympathizing the L w. w.
and deported thirty I. w. w. mem
bers, Bemidji believed today It had
solved the industrial problem here.
Scattered arrests of sympathizers
were made today.
'.Bemidji is clean Of the /. w. W..
and so long as am mayor there
will be no more Offices of the I. w.
W., and no I. w. w. will be allowed
in the CITY," declared Mayor Wander
sluis. vandersluis led mob of 200
business men who raided l. w. w.
headquarters.
Merchants, socialists and radicals
aiding I. w. w. have been warned to
cease their activities or they will be
driven from the city and their bust
ness destroyed.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
TELEGRAM to Governor.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service
CHICAGO, July 26.-1n telegram
to Governor Campbell, Of Arizona to-
day. w. D. Haywood. secretary Of the
I. W. W., demanded that the state
care for the families Of deported Bis
bee members Of his organization and
that "the men who were made to leave
Arizona be speedily returned to their
wives"
Haywood first wired Campbell that
the families OF the I. W. WIS were
starving. The governor replied that
the Citizens league Of Bisbee was
caring for them. Haywood does not
consider the governors message ade-
quate and Is waiting for second re-
ply.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26

issue therefro1n." There is a better
reason than that for calling you
all" good English. 1t makes mean.
ing clearer. 1t straightens out lame
pronoun. The plural you" Is I'M
handy and misleading. A. plural that
not only means something but can't
be misunderstood should be welcoIn-
ed, not apologized for; 1t cures de-
feet and fills UP a hole In the English
language.
When people stopped calling each
other thee" a gap was left. Thee
served very well for the singular,
you for the plural. The death OF
thee left you to do the work Of both.
The strain is often too great. Hear a.
probjbitionist arguing with one OF the
have filled aImhouses, have cut short
vets. your policy is infamous. "To1
lives. have hurled men TO untlmely
graves" 81 never did such thing
in my life" protests the wet; per-
haps. before the dry has checked
him and laid the blame on the Eng
Iish language. he has proceeded TO
blows The sOutherner, on the con-
trary. can argue with the northernerj
without risk OF Misunderstanding!
"You-all burned our homes and ran,
off our nIggers." No personal pffense,
no risk OF hasty blows; that little,
"you.aII' left his meaning clear. The.
individual northerner, understanding
that he is not accused in his own
person OF home-burniRg or forcible
emancipation, remains calm. You-all
is a necessary word, good word. II
should leave its confined southern
home and be adopted into the Ameri,
). can langueRa- = EsA~c ssev-f
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
PERSONALS.
ohm Well has returned from Dav-

John Well has returned from Dav-
export.
Mrs. H. L. .Connable and children
have returned from q trip in tho west.
Mrs. 8. A. Foster Of Paris. Mo-. is
here staying with her son G. L. Eos
ter. &C
Mrs. NJ J. Highly Of st. Louis is WIS.,
iting at the home of Mr.. and Mrs. w,
o. Elite.
Mrs. Alice Lusk Of Granada, Colo,
is visiting her niece Mrs. Harry
Reeves.
Edith and Mildred Knapp Of the
powder works settlement have re-
turned home after two weeks visit
with their Grandmother Knapp, who
lives on a farm southeast Of Hamil-
ton.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
Ask Release on Ball.

limited Press Leased, Wire Service. ]
SAN FRANCISCO, July 26.-An ap-
peal to the courts for the release of
sils. Rena Mooney. acquitted Of muir
aer' on reasonable bail" viii be filed
ny her attorneys within few days,
~ was announced today. This action
3s planned unless District Attorney
rlckert takes the initiative and dis
misses the indictments still lodged
against her IN connection with the pre-
'paredness parade dynamiting.
+, one local newspaper quotes District
attorney Lewis Ferrari, who prosecut-
eo Mrs. Mooney, as declaring some
uays ago the acquittal of Mrs. Mooney
would make 1t futile to prosecute the
other bomb case defendants.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
SUGAR Takes a jump.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.
CHICAGO. July 26.-Unrehned sug
ar today jumped 18 points over yester.
days quotation OF 1914, thereby es
tablishing the highest wholesale price
paid for it since the civil war. The
advance amounts to about IL of a
cent pound. This means retail
price of between 10 and II cents.
sugar dealers asserted today. The
price to the tobbers will be about s
to 83xc.
Alleged shortage OF the crop Of cane
in Cuba ia blamed. Only 100000 tons
will be available until the December
crop Is harvested.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
Business Girls In Camp.

Business Girls In Camp.
The Business Woman's league
opened camp at Waikiki Inn. on the
Illinois side Of the river on Tues
day. Fourteen Of the young women
chaperoned by Mrs. g. NJ. Teeters
are spending the week there. Many
members of the league have made
shorter stays at the camp and others
are planning to go over for the week
end. The birthday anniversary OF
two of the campers occurred Tues
day and Wednesday and was the
occasion of much celebration, with
cake and candles decorating the din
ing table.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
EorclbIv Elected,

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service
LONDON, July 26.-Lawrence Gin
nell, independent Irish nationalist
member, was forcibly elected from
the house of commons today and
suspended from his seat as the result
of a sensational charge which he
levelled against the government. He
declared to the house that the author
tiles were plotting his life In order
to manufacture a conspiracy which
they could blame on Irish Sim
Fefner0,
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
Fatty Lewis In Jail.

limited Press Leased Wire Service
CHICAGO. July 26.-Homer ].
Minot, alias Fatty Lewis, who is al
legged to have robbed the New West
minister, B. G. branch OF the Bank OF
Montreal Of 100000 five years ago,
was In jail here today. Pinkerton
detectives and police all over the
country are said to have been search
Ing for him:
Police ara holding him, pending in
vestigstion into number of safe
,blowings here.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
Chances In Boards.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service
WASHINGTON, July 26.-Presi-
dent Wilson today made the following
substitutions in the exemption appeal
boards.
In Colorado, division one-Dr Bev-
erly Tucker, Colorado Springs, in
place Of Dr. Henry w. HIGHLAND.
Nebraska, division two--Dr. D. s..
Woodward. Aurora, in place OF George
w. Meredith.
These changes are believed to be
replacements on account of resigna-
TONS
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
effective Muffler,

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service
CHICAGO, July 26. - Drenchins
noisy neighbors is not against the
law in Chicago.
William Felt turned a garden hose
on a porch party next door and was
arrested.
What else could a man do?" said
the Judge.
discharged
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
Ruth Armstrong Not Found.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service
HAVANA, July 26.-The mystery
OF the disappearance Of Ruth Arm
strong, Youngstown, Ohio, and Los
Angeles school teacher, was still I'M
solved today. Police ascertained
that the girl, who on Tuesday es.
capped from an automobile in a SD
burb was not the Armstrong girl. al
though several people had thought
she answered the missing girls de-
scrf2tion.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
REV. BENT ON
FRENCH FRONT
Pastor of Argyle Community Church
Is Chosen az One Of Y
Secretaries for the
Sammies.
The Rev. Lester n. Bent

- The Rev. Lester II. Bent,
49, who has been pastor Of
ia the community Presbyterian
. church at Argyle, Iowa, has
gone to France as secretary for the
\. M. G. A. in the soldiers work there.
heV. Bent went to New York on his
vacation and was offered the post in
france, and will be one OF the two
thousand secretaries to go on the
french front to take care Of the sam
mics.
REV. Bent has been a very energetic
and thorough worker in the Argyle
church, and its upbuilding has been
due largely to his untiring work. He
there.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-26
You-aI1,

New York Times: Our Kentucky
friend who wrote US the other day
that he used to be ashamed Of you
all" and other southernisms, but now
realizes that they speak a purer type
Of English than do college men, bases
his grown wisdom on the belief that
"the nearer the source, the 4Vlrer the