Five Mile Beach weekly journal., 1917-05-18
BRITISH EXPERT
LAUDS RAILROADS
or UNITED STATES
Tells Congress Committee Thai
They Lead World.
NO GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP

IL Would Mean Political Control and
Loss of Efficiency-Declares That
Crisis confronts Country on Account
of Transportation Situation-Lowesi
Freight Rates to Be Found In United
States.
Washington, May 14-That the Unit.
ed States is face to face with a serious
crisis in its commercial affairs. due to
the conditions by which its transporta-
ton system is confronted, was the opin.
ion expressed by W. NJ. Acworth, Eng
lands leading authority on railways.
before the Newlands joint committee :
on interstate at a special
session held here to enable the com
mittee to hear his views before his de-
parture for London this week. Two
steps are necessary, according to Mr..
Acworth, to avert this crisis and to
solve the threatening railroad problem
confronting the country.
Tit first is to allow the railroads to
charge freight rates sufficient to meet
the great advance in operating ex-
penses which is taking place and to
enable them to command the credit
necessary to provide the extensions
and improvements needed to meet the
growing demands of business. The sec
II is to do away with the multiple
n conflicting systems of regulation
that now hamper railway operation
and to provide one centralized regula-
tory agency with such local subdivi-
sions as may be necessary.
Higher Rates a Public Necessity.
Mr.. Acworth's views on the transpor-
tation situation in the United States
were expressed in answer to questions
by members of the committee, who
asked him to apply his knowledge OF
railway conditions throughout the
world and of the experience of other
countries with government ownership
to the present problem before the Unit
ed States.
1.-The fundamental factor in the stu
alton is very simple said Mr.. Ac-
worth. ut lies in the fact that you
canno get three-quarters of a cents
worth of work done for less thar thEee-
quarters of a cent, no matter whether
the agency performing it is a govern
ment or private enterprise. Freight
rates must advance when the cost of
performing the service advanceG Hs
1t is doing at present, just as the price
of bread OF meat or any other COM
modify increases with increased cost
OIL production"
In answer to a question Mr.. Ac-
worth said that he thought American
freight rates had been at much too low
a level for several years past, that they
had reached this low point during the
period of cutthroat competition among
the roads and had since been held
there by regulating bodies. Unless re-
lief were afforded to the carriers very
promptly, he said, the result would
be a tremendous loss to the people of
the whole country through insufficient
cy of transportation facilities.
Weakness of Government Ownership.
On the subject of government owner
ship of railways Mr.. Acworth said:
at is impossible to obtain satisfac-
tory results on government railways
in a democratic state unless the man.
agement is cut loose from direct polit-
ical control. Neither Australia nor
any other country with a democrat
ic constitution-perhaps an exception
ought to be made of Switzerland-has
succeeded in maintaining a permanent
severance. In France, in Belgium, in
Italy, parliamentary interference never
has been abandoned for a moment.
The facts show that oyernmen in
reference has meant running the rail-
ways not for the benefit of the people
at large, but to satisfy local and section
al and ever personal interests.
Prussia, Mr.. Acworth said, was the
best example of an efficient govern
ment railway system, and he pointed
out that military considerations were
treated as of paramount Importance in
the Prussian railway system. While
American freight rates had been re-
duced nearly 40 per cent In thirty
years, rates in Prussia were nearly as
high as at the beginning of the period.
While the charge for moving a ton of
freight one mile in the United States
was a trife owe three-quarters of a
CeuL, the rate III rTuSSld WAS III
cents.
AS illustrating the difference in rates
between government and private roads
Mr.. Acworth compared the railways
of New South Wales, Australia, with
those Of Texas. While the amount of
traffic to each mile of line was about
the same in both cases, he pointed out,
the Texas railways performed for the
public four times as much service as
the government owned roads of New
South Wales. The charge in Texas
for hauling a ton of freight one mile
was less than l cent, while in the Aus
tralian state it was well over 2 cents.
American railways lead the world,
said Mr.. Acworth. Nowadays when
men in any other part of the world