Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-12-27

buildings, fragments of which remain
Incorporated with the mosque, but
these and the other Christian build
ings were ruined in about GA by the
destroying King Chosroes II.
Justinian a Builder.
A short breathing space was allowed
the Christians after this storm, and
then the young strength of Islam swept
over them. In 637 Omar conquered
Jerusalem after four months siege.
Under the comparatively easy rule OF
the Ommiad caliphs Christians did not
suffer severely. Though excluded
from the temple area, they were free
to use portions of the Holy Sepulcher.
This, however, could not last under
the fanatical Fatimate caliphs, who
succeeded them, and the suffering Of
the Christians then led to that ex-
traordinary series of invasions COM
monty called the Crusades. The Cru
saders were a semireliglous and a
semi-military movement. They repre-
scented the passions and ideas of Eu-
rope in the twelfth and thirteenth CEN
turies-lts chivalry, its hatred of Mo-
hammedanism and its desire to pos
sess the spots hallowed by the suffer-
ings of our Lord. Their long continu-
ance shows the intensity of the senti-
ments which possessed them. During
this period Palestine was harried for
about q hundred years and the indy
| ing tradition of which no doubt re-
tarded the final triumph of Christian
ity over the Arab. In 1247 Jerusalem
became subject to Egypt for go years
until the Ottoman sultan, Selim I, con.
quered Syria in 1917, and Turkish
possession has continued to the pres
ent day and under rule practically
without a history.
singuIariy Situated.
In 1887 Jerusalem fell to Saladln,
who rebuilt it's walls. From 1929 to
1241 the German Christians held Je-
rusalem, but in 1914 fearful mas
sacre swallowed up the last relics of
Christian occupation. In 1917 it was
conquered by the Sultan Selim l, and
since then it has been a Turkish city.
Selim's successor, Suleiman the Mag
nifcent, restored the Notifications,
which since that time have been little
altered.
The situation of Jerusalem is in
several respects singular among the
cities of Palestine. Its elevation is re-
markable, occasioned not from it's be-
ing on the summit of one of the nu-
mer0us hills of Judea, like most of
the towns and villages, but because 1t
is on the edge of one of the highest
tablelands Of the country.
Although to a certain extent the
four hills on which 1t Is built-Zion,
Aforiah, AGRA and Bezetha-may still
be distinguished, their actual bound.
aries cannot be traced. The contour
of these hills has been changed by the
accumulation of debris Of past centu-
ries. Jerusalem is connected with its
port, Jeffa, by carriage road Al
miles and by meter-gauge railway "a
miles, which was completed in 1892
and worked by French company.
. Prior to 1853, when the modern
building period commenced, Jerusalem
lay wholly within its sixtcenth-century
. walls, and even as late as 1875 there
. were few private residences beyond
their limits. At present Jerusalem
without the walls covers q larger area
, than that within.
The last census gave the population
, as 60,OO0-M0slems 1000, Christians
3 1900, Jews 10000. During the Dill.
, grimage season 1t is increased BY
J, about $1,000 travellers.