Arizona republican., 1917-07-30

favoring the Entent.
 The Central Powers sustained mo- mentous setbacks, both military and political. during the twelve months.
 On both the Western and Eastern fronts in Europe the Teutons find themselves on the defensive at the ad vent of the fourth year. They fight on lines newly established after forced retirement from terrain which they had won in earlier days at a tremen- dous sacrifice.
 Meanwhile new enemy powers, nota- bly, the United States have been drawn in by the Central Empires and progress toward the achievement of the ultimate aim of the Entente and it's Allies has been furthered by political disturbance which will remain memorable in the history of all times.
 Chief among these are the fall of 1 two crowned heads-Nicholas of Rus sia and Constantine of Greece In Russia autocracy has given way to a republic. In Greece kingdom remains l but not a rOTeutonic one, Entente | pressure having won supremacy in this part of the Balkans
 Political events within the German and Austrian empires, featured by the fall of Chancellor von Bethmann-
 Hollweg, have led to open discussions
 of peace in the German Reichstag as
 the fourth year dawns.
 In Great Britain, the third year
 closed with Winston Spencer Church. i'll, former first lord of the admin ilty.
 returned to the cabinet with the port Ifolio of minister of munitions
 Portugal and Rumania threw in their
 fortunes with the Entente shortly after ha ir1 T
 States entered in April, followed by
 Cuba and Liberia. Panama pledged
 the United States her aid in defending
 the Panama canal. Costa Rica put her
 naval bases at our disposal. China.
 Bolivia, Guatemala and Brazil severed
 diplomatic relations with Germany
 Uruguay expressed her sympathy for
 the United States. Late in July, Siam
 entered the war against the Central
 Powers.
 Three new nations were born during
 the year. Poland was created a king
 dom under German and Austrian di- rection. In Mecca the Arabians over threw Turkish rule and declared in-
 dependence. In the Balkans, liberty was restored to Albania, which was established as republic under Italian
 political protection and with French military aid
 An estimate made two months be- , fore the end of the third year-voiceC by Arthur Henderson, of the British war council-placed the humber O.
 men killed at 100000 since August l 1914. French general headquarters re : gently estimated 100000 German. } had been killed up to March l. MT Henderson estimated the total casu. alties at more than 45,0O0, ,000 . The first and second American con tingents of troops landed in Franc, . on June 26 and 27.
 Nearly 10000, 900 Americans of mil Q itary age registered on June unde I the selective draft law, and from thes, are being selected the men who vii | comprise the great army contingent! T which America is planning to send t, = Europe.
 l In cementing America's association
 with the nations now her allies, mum s erous exchanges of missions were ar = ranged. France, Great Britain, Italy 2 Belgium, Russia and other entent n belligerents sent delegations to tn s united States as a. step toward uni s fleation. military financial and other
 wise The United States sent mis
 sions to Russia and other countries.
 Fighting on the western front dur s ing the third year of the war may b Il divided into six phases-two in tn S latter part of 1916 before winter calle n a halt; and four after the Entente of = fenslve was resumed in the earl | spring.
 . At the close of the second year tb
 Germans, were still unwilling to con
 cede failure in the operations center
 ing on Ferdun. After August 3. 191( e the French gained the ascendancy, cul y minating in the retaking of Donal t Thiamont and Fort Vaux, with thous u ands of prisoners and many guns B e November the French had once nor e come into possession of the complet t circle of the Verdun defences. = The second phase dates back to tn
 commencement of the Franco Britis l. offensive-the first battle of tn e Somme-in July 1916 By mid Sep
 tember this had reached such propor IS tons that the Germans were credite = with bringing up seven new division
 against the British and five agains e the French. It was estimated tha l. thirty eight German divisions. O !. based on the strength of those Ger d man units at that period, about 76O,0C e men, opposed the British and F'renc
 on this twenty-mile front In thi a battle the British air supremacy be h came dominant. By November tn k British and French had taken S ,e Plerre-Divion, Beaumont -Hamel an le Beaucourt and had penetrated Ger
 man positions for a depth of six mile n In the spring, the Germans antic
 patlng a resumption of the Somn d operations, began what has becon " known as the "Hindenburg victoria, r. retreat to newly established Gel
 man lines. In this second battle of u
 Somme, Bapaume,. Irles. Peronn
 Nesle, Fayette, Gricourt, Vaux. Roy
 Tergnier, Ham and hundreds of oth, r positions were lost by the Germans. ti an evacuation which French critics r.
 gard as memorial the Germans left
 track of widespread devastatic - which aroused worldwide indignatio oc The British claimed capture of near " 5000 prisoners in the three months o this German retirement for a depth aI from , to 15 miles along a front 'li e about 46 miles.
 iN In April the British transfer, 60 their offensive northeast of Arr nj prohibiting storing or holding of nece 19 saries, except by producers, to lin