The citizen-Republican. (Scotland, Bon Homme County, S.D.) 1???-19??, 1917-07-05
%lNIRicAClEs OF TOUCH.

IN TRicAClES OF TOUCH.
Most OF us have been taught thaa
there ere five srecial sensss-sisht
hearing, smell, taste n touch. Mo
know now that there are many others
besides. Among the better recognized OF
these ether special senses are the sense
of hLin:;er, of thirst n the muscle
sense. Among others that are stii less
we'll known and still less clearly reco3-
niZed are the sensations of equilibrium
n balance from the internal ear ana
certain sensations from the visoeral orr
gains.
The sense of touch. is by no means q
simple sense. IT is commonly divided
n temperature. pain and pressure
sense. Each of these in aurn is further
subdivided.
BY emitting the nerve fibers md test
ing the Skin as thu fiaers i~egenerata
Psychologists have grouped the fibers
which carried sensation into the spinal
cord-the posterior root--into three
groups: the skin senscry fihers. the
deep sensory fibers and certain, Unbound
fibers which do not carry sensations.
The skin sensory or touch filters,
Howell divides into two groups One
carries pain sensation and sensations
stimulated by high and by low temper
atures. but not by temperatures in be-
tween. This set OF sensations. caiied
p~rotorathic, are not closely diser.rnI-
mating. Another set, called epicritic, are
sensitive and critical. These nerves dis
criminate nicely between delicate
shades of ho. and cold. between light
pressures aud between the locations OF
of Touch impulses.
The deep sensory fibers carry to the
brain impulses which are regarded as
pressure pain or what IS known as
miiSclelSenSe
We note that thereis a difference be-
Il xUaDn al frlypl, ~ =, t,I 2 sAot,, Nls.nw l,l -,
touch and Temperature. The sense
which tells lis just how hard to hit and.
just when n just what muscles to use
when We hit 4 golf ball or a baseball is
tied up with what we cali muscle sense.
The capacity of feeling hot or cold is
not painted smooth over the surface of
the skin. The skin isSmottled with hot
and cold spots. In certain spots only hot
can be felt and in others only cold.
Psychologists mlaEe use OF delicate ap-
paratus to lncate these hot and cold
spots. For instance, when they have
located the hot and cold spots en- the
face and dotted each with red ink the
kin iooks as if it were affected by
scarlet fever.
In general there are n;ore COLI spots
than warm ones and they react more
promptly to stiinu alton. A cold spot
can feel nothing bilt told. ANYTHING not
applied to Il cold spot giNes a sensation
- - 4i'sstQetSi " "
the spot ans nnrmal tpGe Il or pain im-
.pulse would lie registered as cotd. AS
has been SAID shove, certain nerves Of
touch a feel high temperatures or low
Temperatures but nothing in between.
Others can feel delicate shades in tenn
perature.
The pain nerve and nerve entlings are
widely distributed throughout the body.
The skin is abundanfly supplied With
them. Certain OF the internal organs
are fairly we'll supplied also. For in
stance. the stomach eannot fee! hot or
cold, can only fcei pressure .or touch
very iniperfecuv. but it can feel pain.
The gall bladder and duets are We'll
supplied with pain nerves. Thcsliysr Is
but poorly supclied. The iniesrinss
cannot feel much except pain. or at
least not much registers ut the brain
except pain. The Kidneys are almost
free from pain nerses. but the meters
are welt Supplied. The lungs are al
Mcst without pain nerves.
The pain nerve cfadings are dis
fTibltcaI in the SKIN III the same pam
poin, arrangement that prevails VITA
the temperature point ,,eTves. When a
pail. nerve ending is stimulated ii
registers pain. Tna stimulus ma he
dns; 70 changes in temperatures slAsres-
sure. chemical stimulus. or tranfnatic.
Whatever the stimulus may De the
nerve registers pain.
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