davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-21
Tracing the Slow Change
/ OF Structure and Type

eft IS By the dissection and study Of these
extant fossils and by comparing them one
With the other that We can trace out the
stages by which structures have changed
slowly, one into the other, and by which
types have changed, one into the other.
Nov, the monkeys and apes are relics OF
the middle periods Of the Age OF Mammals,
and we know from the fossil remains that
they have changed but little during that
period. possible reason is that most Of
them have continued 10 live IN the forests
and have therefore kept their primitive
tree-liying habits unchanged, while only q
few. such as the balloons and the early
predecessors OF man, have left the forests
and taken up wholly new habits on the
Plains so that under the pressure of new
conditions OF life they have changed pro-
foundly. But although other factors may be
involved in the final answer 20 the question
WY have all the monkeys not evolved into
men Il Is true that by saving these relies
Of long past ages Nature has provided US
wi.h materials for elucida,ing the evolution
airy history Of human structures.
"ln considering the evolution of the HUI
man face we gain a better perspective by
beginning with the lowest animals and
working upward. II seems that In the course
o. evolution the oldest part of the face Is
the mouth. The primary business OF the
face in fact, Is 10 direct the mouth toward
the food. Some Of the lowest, one-ceiled
animals show this FIST essential OF face,
which leads into cavity that serves as a
stomach, and among the anemones and corsls
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-21

whether the children could come TO club
one afternoon q week, the answer was that
they were all too busy When asked Ange-
lima when she did her school homework, she
replied, In the morning when / get TO school.
First do the writing, then | do the two
times. then the three times. This morning
did the four times, so I won't have so much
70 do tomorrow She was In the second
grade Later she volunteered, Il like school
better than home. There are too many flow
ers; don't like home"
THERE have been Investigations, the
l. writer continues, and these show
that:
an the homes of the 10 families who were
engaged In making artificial flowers a count
Of the workers showed that 10 per cent OF
the 81 homeworkers werc under eight years
of age and 81 per cent were under fourteen
years Of age. Children are forbidden By law
in New York State 70 work within factory
before they are fourteen years old. In the
tenements, however children Of all ages,
ranging from mere babyhood until they are
old enough to enter the factory, may be found
at work, with no limitation upon their hours
or conditions Of work.
with long hours and the employment Of every
available child arc the families able to earn
even a small amount. One family OF FIVE
mother and four children-by working after
school until ten at night could never make
more than 81 a week.
Making flowers at home is poor work,
especially if you have only few children TO
help you complained the mother
"A visit 70 any OF these homes In the after
noon or until or 10 o'clock at night
would show most Of the children hard at
work instead Of studying their lessons or
playing.
That making flowers at home is poor
work. even with the help Of children, Is in
dicated BY comparison Of earnings In
families with and without child workers"
1t is stated that the average weekly
earnings Of the families in which children
were employed amounted TO SAP, and
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-21
yoLUME ONE, No. 2, Of Books and

" yOLUME ONE, No. 2, Of Books and
" Reading" most admirable and
' thoughtful "review Of occasional
issue. devoted to studies Of industrial, ma
tional and world problems from an Ameri-
can point Of view" contains a very inter-
estina comment on the two Henry Jameses,
father and son. OF Henry James, srr
very little is known by this generation, TO
which the novelist became so familiar a
figure. But in his day the elder James
welded considerable influence He was
brilliant orator, a man Of sound taste
and keen political vision. Born IN Al
bany, in 1907, he inherited an ample fort
une, which circumstance, coupled with the
fact that ne had been famed by gunshot
accident in childhood, predisposed him to a
seouestered life of scholarship and phil
losophy."
From Books and Reading" comes the
further information that:
ale was intimate with Carlyle and Elmer
son and Thackeray, and knew well almos,
all the finer men among the scholars and
ar.ists of his time. lie has been alluded TO
again and again as the Rev. Henry James
He used TO resent this as sort OF noel'
tho only excuse for the error being that az
n youth he had been for q time student ~
Princeton Theological School, and that he
wrote several books on the philosophlc as
poets of religion.
about the middle OF the lCivill war
James published Substance and SHADOW
which, although purely philosophical WORK.
contains passages OF which this outourS''
referring 70 Lincoln's committal OF the coun-
try TO an Incorporating war, gives tne
| flavor. showing how absolutely the soul OF
Americas best was reused by tho moral
aspects Of tho great struggles What an
enormous, what divine change has flashed
upon the country since that auspleious hour!
What a sitting air had we breathed before!
With what bellying volume our lungs now
unreef them selves to catch every breath OF
Gods awakening gale! And as yet but two
years have barely passed.
With this sketch Of the elder James in
mind, it is extremely suggestive to turn to
the commentary on the late Henry James,
novelist:
Henry James the younger was so wholly
the artist, 80 consumedly the devotee Of
form and color and atmosphere in his
processes Of observing and experiencing, so
universal in his habit Of viewing life as a
source Of printers copy, that he insensibly
slid into old age with clustered exemption
from tho stirring passions that tear ard
wear the souls Of religious and patriotic
and social propagandists. He retained to
the last the consummate charm Of the deli
cate technique that enabled him 70 depict
the least hint of tint Of shade in the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-21
By w. n. Gardner

IT-IME'S UP" said Dan. Lets go back
comment told me that Fred's story had
PASSED muster--in fact, was either fairly
new or we'll told.
An hour or two later we started 10 pull
casing. We were we'll down in bedrock,
and the bottom length Of pipe came slowly,
an inch a minute. Slack had TO be taken
I'D only occasionally, and we all gathered
around the boiler to leeward from the cool
morning breeze.
"If some of these deadbeats would use
their brains like an honest man." observed
Dan, "they could make big money. But It
seems as IL they prefer TO catch a nickel
rolling up hill to a dollar rolling down.
was in Montana last year" he continued,
Gust getting ready to come back to San
Francisco, when a real estater put up a
proposition 10 me that sounded sort of In,
teresting He got me into corner of the
bar one night and told me a wonderful
thing. II seems like he'd been out from
town In his wheezy old automobile and had
cot lost. Finally, on an abandoned road
his radiator ran dry. An old farmhouse
showed over the crest Of the hill so he
walked over there with his canteen. The
place was abandoned, but after some
searching he found the well. The creaky
windlass was noisy but working, and he
pulled up the chain and bucket. What do
YOU suppose he found? Why, the iron
bucket and as much Of the chain as had
been in water was plated quarter Of an
inch thick in gold Excited! lie was SC
treathless when he got through he had me
a bit nervous. Nothing impossible about
it in a highly mineralized country like that
part of Montana-so he said. Could he
find the well again? OF course he could
How much did he want to show it 20 me!
One-tenth of all | made out Of the propo-
sition, me TO pay expenses and fair rate
for his auto while we drove out on the two
day trip to the old well. Sounded reason
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-21

that tho families in which no children
were employed averaged s5.44.
AS to the effects Of this employment on
the children, Of which one Of the most
serious is felt in the schools
at has been found IN New York City that
the proportion of retarded children in school
is larger among Italians than in any other
nationality. In this investigation Of child
homeworkers the report states that more
than half the number Of the child workers at
tending school wers above the normal age
Cor the grades in which they were enrolled
In other words, 81 per cent of the group were
over age, as compared with 80 per cent of
average children among all the school chill
dren In New York City.
"The homework system In New York City
means largely the employment Of Italian
children In the home. Until the system is
abolished there is little hope that these small
Italian children will be released from their
bondage. For thirty-four years the state has
been trying to regulate the system, by for
bidding the manufacture of certain articles
for the protection of public health. Children
In the tenements used to shell nuts, some
times helping the work along by cracking an
obstinate one with their teeth Articles of
food, dolls, children's and infants clothing
are no longer allowed 10 be handled in the
tenements, because sometimes they were
found In homes where there was sickness
The danger 70 public health convinced the
legislators that such work must be stopped
"As no one, however, has yet proved to the
Legislature any relation between public
health and artificial flowers, passementcrie
and such articles, Italian children by the
hundreds are allowed to work at any age any
number of hours in their homes making
these things Forbidding children to help
their parents at this work in their homes is
OF no avail, as a mans home Is his castle and
inspection is almost impossible.
Perhaps some day Solomon may appear
who can explain and convince chat until all
tenement manufacture is forbidden the child
laborers will be with US"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-21

This process Of bringing the opposite eyes
near each other has been carried even fur
Their in the orang -utan than in man, so that
the bony partition between the eyes in the
orang Is excessively narrow. The eyes OF
all the anthropoids are very human In char
acter, but especially those Of the young
gorilla.
"As every one knows, the forehead of
adult male apes is very low as compared
with that Of normal men; but the young,
both Of men and apes, have a swelling fore
head The baby orang-utan shows the dome
like forehead Of the human infant, and the
young chimpanzee has an exceedingly large
forehead, much like that Of young
child .
"The evolution Of the human forehead is
we'll suggested if we examine q series of
skulls In an adult chmpanzee skull the
forehead IS very low and there are heavy
ridges over the eyes In the skull OF an
Australian black man also the forehead is
low and there are well defined brow roges.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-21
the theory that man has evolved from
lower mammals" The writer continues:

"Now, do not know why all the monkey
lie animals did not evolve into men Instead
Of changing only little and remaining
monkeys, but do know that evolution, be
sides proceeding in different directions, also
proceeds al different rates at different times.
I know that just as there are many very
advanced and progressive races, such as the
horse and the humming-bird and the whale,
which have undergone a very great modih-
cation during the vast period known as the
Age OF Mammals, so there are also many
conservative and backward races, such as
the tspr and the opossum and the tuatars,
which have undergone very little modifiea-
tion during the same period. These back
ward and primitive races are Of the great
est use TO us in deciphering the evolutionary
history Of past ages. They are living relics
OF living fossils. A great many such relics
arc living to-day. That IS what furnishes
the material for comparative anatomy.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-21
Those Who Drill for Gold

able enough, so took him up" Dan
paused, ostensibly to light his pipe.
What did you fnd?" asked.
"Well. found his bill for auto hire wa,
SIS. besides gasolene and grub, after five
days search. And when | stepped on the
Pullman found him buttonholing a new
conner, telling him just as breathlessly
about the wonderful we'll"
Dan" said Howard, "slack needs TAX
ing up"
Another night on the same trip brought
forth typical example of Dams Munchau-
scn-like humor.
"I hear the Natoma dredgcs are having
trouble with clay" ! remarked. "They say
that the water thickens up almost to a
mud and the dredge pumps wear out in a
few weeks"
Eyes" observed Howard, "all the Philip
pine dredges have the same trouble. Ono,
saw a Niger drop bolt overheard, jump
over and grab it before it sank and then
lump back on deck again"
There was q moments silence. We
looked at Dan. "Those dredge ponds in the
Philippines are muddy, ali right enough,
said Dan, slowly putting at the plug cut
in his pipe, but the pond at the Pate
dredge in Colombia was just bit thicker
than / have ever seen--if you can call It a
pond. In fact, when I first arrived it was
SO thick that they could not row the boat
from the bank TO the dredge-they had r.
pole it. Before I'd been there a week they
put wheels on the bottom Of the old scow
so that they could make better time. Yes,
he went on, "they almost lost their pond
before the rainy season set in
What do you mean?" | asked.
well, It got so blamed thick, so much
clay and 80 little water, that it used 10 get
dusty, and II they had not sprinkled Il
every noon 'twould have blown away in The
afternoon breeze. That thicker'n them
Philippine ponds?" said he, turning e
Howard
Howard chuckled. 1--WE got 70 admit il, D
he replied.
ITO be continued
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-21
Henry James, Sr. Patriot
and Philosopher

.,oo,,o,. ~ Daisy Miller, but his grssp on
Geological and political signihcsncss was
fabby and Intellectual The rape OF Dol
,i,,rn vi.b its desecration Of treasured and
nric.is., works OF genius. came as paralyz-
iny shock TO his fine nature. he nao OF
lat. been living in the past. and IN TWO
au.obioersphcal volumes had revealed NOT
only his great friendship for his nrotne'
william. Of Harvard bu. vistful ahecsion
for his father. as IL he would make amends
for missing so much IN his appreciation or
tina. grea. American and greater philoso-
pher. In the appalling deb&cle OF his EURO
pean world he longed 70 do something 10
stem the onrusb Of the Goths and Vandsn'
and, like many others, he wanted his coun-
try to race 70 tho rescue. BY way OF DOING
his bit he could at least show mis- oneness
Of interest with his confirmed associates'
and so he accepted political baptism as an
outward sign Of his sympathy. He MADE
pathetic effort 20 crowd into Few last Gays
the dormant and neglected patriotism oil
lifetime
The editor OF Books and Reading" set
ting aside all consideration OF the sons
brilliant career in the world Of art and
confirming himself strictly to the matter OF
national consciousness, finds it refreshing
to be summoned from the spectacle by the
clarion notes of his fathers stalwart and
inspiring Americanism. For" the writer
continues, Henry James (sr) saw in
Americanism all that Washington had &C
centuated, and more. To him the great
ress and felicity of our first President had
become by logical sequence essential man
hood"
And the following from an GRAFTON de-
livered on July 4, 1861, may advantageous
" be read, not only for the illumination
It sheds on the elder James, but because It
fits so well into the spirit Of the present
day:
"For my part, II I thought that orr rulers
were going 70 betray In this sgoniztng hour
the deathless interest confded to them-if
thought that Mr.. Lincoln and Mr.. Seward
were going at last to palter with the sub
lime instincts OF peace and Righteousness
that elevated them to power and gave them
all their personal prestige, by making the
least conceivable further concession to the
obscene demon OF slavery-then could Joy
fully see Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Seward
scourged from the sacred emincnce they de-
file. yea more could joyfully see our boast
ed political house itself laid low In the dust
forever, because in that case It's stsin!e"
Stars and Stripes would have sunk from
banner of freemen into a dishonored badge
of the most contemplate people on earth;
people that bartered aEay the fairest spirit
! ual birthright any people ever yet were born
| 70 for the foulest mess Of material pottsge
ever concocted.-o. shameless lust ard tri-
; umphant fraud"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-21
HATE flowers, said Jennie, little
italian girl Of nine, as she bent

XII HATE flowers, said Jennie, little
italian girl Of nine, as she bent
over the pile Of white daisy petals
on the kitchen table. She WAS busily picking
Up the pips, Hrst dipping each stem In paste
smeared on a piece Of board, slipping petal
up each stem, and inserting it In one OF the
green tubes on the wreath"
Louise G.. Odencrantz, in The World
Outlook" tells the story-tells why Jennie
hates flowers. It is because they mean tc
her nothing but piles of petals OF colored
cambria, stiff with starch and dye, and
smelling strongly of alcohol, glue and
paste. These she has to bring from the
factory every day after school. Before
school the next morning the family has to
manufacture them into flowers.
The home Of this particular family is
in one of the crowded tenements in New
York's lower West Side, and Miss Oden-
crantz draws the following picture of it:
EVERY one worked, all except tho father,
who declared that IL was not a mans WORK,
and an older son, who was driver on wagon
truck Even the baby. eighteen months old
could help by picking apart the petals Mag
gle, four years old, was too young to go TO
school, but she could work the greater part
of the day. Nardo, aged six was an expert
hand. although his mother complained that
he wanted 20 play. Besides Jennie there was
little Angelina a hunchback OF eleven years
who was really the forewoman Of the group,
seeing to It that each days quota was faith
fully done.
"The account book showed that six dozens
of wreaths, each with thirty-nne flowers,
were finished every night. The buttercup
wreaths brought cents a dozen and the
daisies 10 cents. For this work the family
received S2.sS or $3.50 week. according to
whether they worked on buttercups or daisies
From November until the end OF April or
May each year the kitchen looked like a
miniature factory. When / asked the mother
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-21

NOTE: The Illustrations for this ar
,;ole are from The American Museum
Joat-rdiD
ROBABLY all who have ever vent
ured upon a discussion of physical
u evolution will remember asking or
having been asked the inevitable question:
oWell. if monkey-hke animals evolved into
mon at one time, why did not all monkeys
evolve into men. and why are there any
monkeys alive at the present time
William X. Gregory. writing about the
chief stages in the development Of the hu-
man face from the lowest forms OF lie 70
nan. in The American Museum Journal
,sys that people ask him this interesting
question, a1d furthermore that they re-
card it ASIAN insurmountable objection 10
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-21
Matters Touching Religion

with the specious words of partisans, the
interested views Of professional politicians
but each man for himself each In mis-
own circle to strive with such faculties as
God has given him TO understand what the
great movements Of the day mean, what
inevitable changes they portend, on what
basis Of justice they rest, what evolving
order they stand for-ano In what rela-
ton they stand to the central messages of
cur religion-the faith In a Father OF all
spirits, the faith in a manhood taken into
God in Christ, the faith IN a living Spirit
working in the midst Of human life for
justice, love and peace-W. j. Ferrar, In
The Commonwealth.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-21
4 pes Use the Facial Muscles
"A Much as Humans Do

The facial muscles in man not only cor
respond with those in other mammals, but
they also show special detailed resemblances
when compared with the facial muscles of
apes. Darwin and other investigators found
that apes use these muscles much as do,
but with rather more emphasis than is usual
IN polite society When child first takes
lessons on the piano the teacher sometimes
has 70 remind him or her that the piano
should be played with the hands and not
with the face-and sometimes it takes con-
siderable repression on the part of the be-
ginner to keep the facial muscles still while
striving to 90 anything with the hands that
requires intense concentration and effort A
trained chimpanzee, trying very hard to
thread a needle, has an intent expression
and very tense lips, reminding us of the
familiar human trait.
"The human nose is hardly an inspiring
subject from an anatomical point OF view;
internally it is decidedly degenerate, as
compared with that of other mammals. and
externally 1t has nothing very wonderful
about It, Ike the nose OF the elephant or
those of the various bats. The adult human
nose, at least In the higher races, differs
from that of apes chiefly IN the following
characters: the bridge Of the nose is higher;
ward and downward, often ending below In
well-shsped tip; the nose is narrower at
the base in proportion 70 its height, and the
rostris face downward rather than forward.
"Now, however important these differences
may be from an aesthetic point of view, they
are rather small from the standpoint Of evo-
luton, the more so since the nose of the
human fGtus in its earlier and less differ
cntiated stages Is decidedly more apelike
than human Even in babies the nose has by
70 means approached its adult human form.
Among living apes the gorilla makes by far
the nearest approach to the human condition
in the shape of its nose, although the great
width and the forward facing Of the nostrils
give il, according to human standards, re-
pusive appearance.
I'm the face of the Australian black man
we find some primitive gorilla-lke chsrac-
tiers along with others that are typieally hu-
man. The nose is excessively wide at the
base and the bridge between the eyes IS
very low, but the nostrils point down
ward and the tip Of the nose Is distinctly
human.
Passing TO a consideration OF the origin
of the human eyes, We find in the Primates
many Interpretations from the condition
where the eyes are more lateral in position,
70 tho anthropoid and human condition, in
which the eyes are shifted together near
the mid-lne in front and can both be focused
On an object near by in front OF the face
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-21

ing, have heard the dull thud quite dis
tinctly in South London. 1t is this dis
quoting sound, not less than the din Of
an occasional air raid, which gives Lon
doners an idea how near the conflict really
is. Now records are being prepared
which show the extent of the distance at
which the guns are heard. Scientists at
University College declare they can be
distinguished at range of 200 miles.
This would include places like Warwick,
Hull, Cromer, Brighton and Weymouth.
Sound travels at rate of about 1000
feet a second, so that the sound of the
guns in Flanders reaches London about
1914 minutes after the explosions occur
D1otdee Advertiser.