davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1917-06-24

supplying Russia, South America ana
Central America with considerable
portion of their farm implements.
This trade being cut Off caused Cen
trail and South America, as well as
Russia also. to look to the United
States for their supplies. Now that
the United States is in the war and
we have no country to look TO but
our own. we must adopt the best
plans possible to enable US TO supply
the demands of our own country as
well as our allies, which are equally
important. This will undoubtedly
tax the farm machinery manufactur-
ing plants to their capacity.
1T also presents an extremely Sc
rious suestion to the manufacturers
and dealers as to how far ahead 1t is
safe to order materials, for at the
present time these orders must be
placed months ahead Almost all
materials entering into the construc-
ton of farm machinery are now ad-
vanced from 250 to 800 per cent above
normal. Labor has increased from so
to 100 per cent, and all other expenses
are equally increased. Fortunately
for the farmers, their produce of all
kinds has increased in about the
same proportion.
1T therefore seems 10 be the prov
ince of the manufactures and the
dealer to proceed along lines that
will enable them to supply the farm
ers with their needs. This means
that farm machinery plants must or
der materials in liberal quantities,
even though months in advance and
at present high prices, and that deal
ers should, if they want their goods
in time for their customers require
ments. place their orders in the usual
manner, and let the flow of business
continue on the higher level the same
as in normal times.
1T would be a great misfortune
for this country, and especially for
the farmers, if everybody were to be-
come ultra-conservative, cease buying
one of these officials but that pre-
orally curtail the business Of the
country simply because Of the higher
prices
zone thing is certain: If this coun-
try and our allies are to win this
war the food supply must be kept
up; and this can only be done by
keeping up the supply Of farm ma
chinery and farm labor. It is our
belief that the Department of Agri-
culture. as well as the Department
Of War at Washington, fully appre-
ciates this situation"
New-York tribune., 1917-06-24

efforts of others so that the aggre-
gate production is increased. 1t Is
a mistake to think that country IS
poorer for what it imports IN nor
nal exchange Of products with other
countries, or that there is occasion
for concern and jealousy in the fact
that another country has a larger
trade in certain quarters. No coun-
try can have all Of the trade of the
world; at best it can do no more than
keep its people fully employed; that
is the limit upon its production. On
the other hand, the consumption OF
every country in the long run keeps
pace with its production; the rise OF
wages in Japan since industry has
developed there under modern condl-
tions. and the increased importations
of the country, are an illustration
of this fact; so that whether produc-
tion is all consumed at home or part
ly exported in exchange, the produc-
ton Of one country does not in any
general or final sense curtail the
production or interfere with the op-
portunities Of other countries. 1t is
by observing single features of trade
that the competitive idea is over
emphasized. The production and
consumption of the world would both
be increased if the resources and In
dustries of all countries were har-
moniously integrated.
The chief obstacle to a more CO.
operative organization of the pro
ductive forces of the world is the
fear that the peoples have of each
ether and their consequent unwilling
ness to trust each other or be de-
pendent upon each other. They dis,
trust all proposals and arrange
ments which involve such depend
ence, and there is no way Of chang
ing this mental attitude but by the
gradual enlightenment, which, as il
grows, enables men in increasing de-
gree to understand each other, have
confidence in each other, see the
common interests and work together
for the common good.
New-York tribune., 1917-06-24
By GEORGE Z. ROBERTS
Assistant 10 the President OF the Ma
tionaI CITY Bank of New York

r,o-, M o6are,, before the Aoadep'y Of
PoHica! science
vt IS no startling pronouncement
to say that property rights and
Il trade rivalries are the chief fac
tors in international complications.
Il is no more than tc say that inter
national intercourse is responsible
for international complications. il
TIE peoples Of the several nations
were cut off from all intercourse with
each other, obviously no diiIer-
ences. disagreements or compllca-
.ions would arise between them, but
A. soon as they begin to have ousi-
ness relations differences will de-
velop. as they develop between peo-
p!e of the same country.
Foreign trade and investments are
entered upon for the same motives
and are justified by the same con-
siderations of public interest, as do
mestic trade and investments. Thsre
are mutual economic gains to be
realized by trade between peoples OF
different countries. The differences
Of climate and natural resources
make an exchange Of products de-
sjrable. and besides these there are
differences in what we may call the
genius of the peoples, their natural
ATTITUDES and in their development.
The peoples of every country Of the
earth should be better off because
there are other countries and other
peoples with whom they can have
intercourse and trade, just as the
people of any given country are bet
ter off because there is diversity OF
natural resources and of individual
taste and talent within that country.
Modern facilities of transportation
and communication greatly increase
both domestic and international in
tercourse and put them more nearly
on the same basis. There result, Of
course, more opportunities for dis
putes and what are here called COM
rlications, but the remedy clearly is
not in any policy which would make
the difficulties of intercourse greater,
or which would tend to keep the peo'
pies of the world apart, but rather
in policies which would tend to bring
them together, promote intercourse
between them and establish orderly
methods of settling the misunder-
standings and disagreements which
Inevitably arise.
New-York tribune., 1917-06-24
Farmers Depend on
American + Factories

"The Implement and Tractor and
Trade Journal" has gathered to-
gether a symposium of opinions OF
the representative manufacturers in
the agricultural implement industry
that tells a highly interesting and
significant story. Expert opinion,
prejudiced somewhat, perhaps, but
nevertheless valuable in more ways
than one, is presented by prominent
manufacturers who offer their in
terpretation of the world struggle
in the familiar terms of the farm
equipment business. Most of them
are optimistic in a conservative way,
yet they sound a warning that is
timely.
Our country entering the war pre-
sents some serious questions TO man
ufacturers, dealers and users of farm
machinery, according to c. s. Bran
tingham, president of the Emerson
Brantingham Company, an Illinois
corporation: when the war broke
out in 1914" he said, Russia, France
and England all thought first of mu-
nitions and war equipment. Some
or all of these counEies immediate
ly required their iEm machinery
producing plants to make shells and
other war necessities, only TO find
later that they had made very Sc
rious mistake, for they did not have
the farm machinery necessary to cul-
tivate the ground and harvest their
crops. They then turned to the
United States, and were able to get
considerable amount of relief from
this country. especially on tractors,
ploughs and harvesting machinery.
Before the war Germany was
New-York tribune., 1917-06-24
Strong Nations in Heat Of Trade Rvalries
Disregard the Rights Of Weaker Countries
Alliance Chief Demoace Gives Rise Hope That Primitive Anr-
chisic State Of World Organization Will Be Suppanted by
Judicial Treatment OF International Differences

governments are established and for
which they make treaties with each
other.
There is a passage in the life Of
Paul of Tarsus that is pertinent to
this:
And as they bound him with
thongs. Paul said unto the Centu-
rion who stood by: Is it lawful for
you to scourge a man that is d Ro-
man and uncondemned ?
When the Centurion heard that
he went and told the chief captain,
saying: Take heed what thou doest'
fol :h;s man is Roman.
Then straightway they departed
from him which should have exam
incd him; and the chief captain also
was afraid, after he knew that he
wes Roman, and because he had
been bound. Acts xxi: 25, 26, 29.
And they loosed him from his
bonds,
And from that day to this time,
when we have actually entered upon
the greatest and most costly war Of
our history, because the rights Of
American citizens beyond our bor-
ders have been violated, every gov
ernment which has held up its head
among the nations Of the world has
acknowledged that its claim upon the
citizen for loyalty involved an obli-
cation on its part to give protection
70 the citi7en in his lust rights.
New-York tribune., 1917-06-24
Old Machinery
Must Be Utilized

Now is the time For the farmer TO
sell his old scrap iron, in the opinion
Of !. B. Bartholomew, president Of
the Avery Company; now is the time
for him to repair every old machine
on the place that a year or two ago
he thought was worthless. He can
do u now without hurting the feeling
of any implement dealer or manu-
facturer, and there is plenty Of ma
chinery in the yards of the farmers
that can be put in workable condi-
ton at small expense. These are the
times when the farmer can afford to
make every lick count.
If the war is to continue for two
or three years, as it probably will"
Gays Mr.. Bartholomew, "and it may
be much longer, the people Of the
United States will have to do many
unusual things. The obligation that
has fallen upon the United States in
this way is probably much greater
than the average person in the Cen
tral West thinks.
Greater production and conserva-
ton might form a slogan which
would more or less guide US. In the
East they seem to realize more than
in the West the great obligation that
has fallen upon the people of the
United States. The government is
urging everything possible along the
line Of greater production and con-
servation.
The effect of all this means, as /
look at it, that the farmers are urged
TO produce more crops. There is no
question Lut that, so long as the war
continues, prices will be attractive.
Now if the farmer is asked to DO
this he is also face to face with the
proposition Of the scarcity of labor.
How will he increase? He will have
to farm mechanically and extensive
". That is what the American
farmer has been doing for more than
fifty years, but he will have to farm
more mechanically and more exten-
sively. This will mean a demand
for farm equipment of al kinds, be-
cause the labor saving device is the
only solution.
Therefore, think the demand for
all kinds of farm equipment will be
very active, but right in this connec-
tion it will be made more active be-
cause Of the great difficulty the man.
ufacturers are up against in secur-
ing materials from which 10 manu-
facturc. Not only that. but the man
ufacturers have the same difficulties
to encounter with reference 10 Sc
curing labor, and all these things
Rave tendency to curtail the pro-
duction of manufactured goods.
"The American farmer is up
against a great proposition and
while there is no question but that he
New-York tribune., 1917-06-24
Implement Industry
Needs Protection

Here in the United States the in
creased activity in agricultural lines
brought about by the widespread agi-
tation for greater crops to meet the
deficiency in other parts Of the
world has imposed heavy burden
on the manufacturers. This COM
bined with the rising prices Of ma
terial entering into the manufacture
Of farm implements, plus the higher
costs of labor, is developing into a
problem that is being met with only
the greatest difficulty. Not only are
the manufacturers now compelled to
pay record high prices for iron and
steel. 100, 200 and 300 per cent in
some cases above the ante-bellum
level, but, what is more, they have
been confronted with delays in de-
livery and inability to place con-
tracts that have been discouraging
indeed. The situation is summed up
this wise by one Of the leading au-
thorities in the implement industry:
Nothing can be more certain than
the inevitability of agricultural dis
aster as a consequence Of neglect Of
the agricultural implement industry
on the part Of those who are direct
ing the nations economic phase Of
the war And agricultural disaster
Just as certainly means national
disaster. Without food, we can't
fight. Without tools we can't farm.
That is a bald statement Of the sit
uation."
This, perhaps, is putting it rather
strongly, yet there is much to be said
in favor Of the government taking a
hand in seeing that the agricultural
implement manufacturers be assured
Of an adequate supply Of raw mate
rials and labor. Iron and steel for
farming tools are just as necessary
as steel plates for shipbuilding. II
we lack the necessary farm ma
chinery there will be little food We
can export to our allies, and ships
will not be needed. And so the ar
gunfent runs, with good deal Of
merit in il.
New-York tribune., 1917-06-24
Confidence of Foreign
Nations Often Abused


It is the general rule Of interna-
tional law that persons living or do
ing business in a foreign country
must accept the laws and admins
tration Of that country, and not
claim any advantages or preferred
treatment over its own people. In
the event, however, Of treatment
which is palpably unjust and dis
ciiminatory, diplomatic representa-
tons are justified and resorted TO by
all countries. 1t does not follow that
government will support its citi-
Zens in unreasonable claims, or that
diplomatic representations are TO be
backed up by military power; it goes
without saying that the former is not
justifiable, and the latter is very un-
usual and presumably done only
where very serious injustice is
threatened. The presumption always
is that an amicable settlement will
be reached, but the moral support Of
the home government may be very
helpful.
II is undoubtedly true that adven-
turers and concession-hunters with
cut business standing at home have
sometimes abused the confidence of
foreign governments, notably OF the
Latin-American republics, and, hav-
ing obtained a foothold, attempted
TO use the prestige Of the home gov
ernment to obtain favors to which
they were not entitled. Such per-
sons commit an offence against both
countries. 1t also happens that per-
sons who have just claims are some
times so wanting in tact and judg-
ment as to make themselves person.
ally Objectionable, with the result
that legitimate interests are preju-
diced. These are inevitable Incl
dents Of intercourse, but they should
not be allowed to disturb the friend
ly relations between countries.
1t is clearly desirable that the
world shall be organized for the
judicial treatment Of all questions
arising out Of international rea-
tons, in order that they may be dis
posed Of upon universal principles
OF equity, and with a view to pro-
tecting and promoting friendly in
tercourse and the general good Of
the entire international community.
There is ground for hope that the
alliance of the chief democracies of
the world in the present war will
lead to permanent organization for
this purpose, into which every nation
which gives evidence of good faith
may be ultimately admitted.
Such scheme, however, to be as
sured of permanency, requires a
more general understanding than
prevails at present of the funda-
mental truth that the real interests
OF all peoples are naturally compile
mentary and harmonious instead of
antagonistic and conflicting. There
is room enough in the world for all,
and the different peoples may con-
tribute to each others prosperity.
The prosperity Of country, as Of
IN individual, does not consist in get
ting wealth away from others, but
New-York tribune., 1917-06-24
Farm ools as
Essential as Guns

"At this moment England is afraid
of starvation, France and Italy ar'
in the same condition. Germany, We
are told, is starving. Russia is in a
chaotic condition, which does 10.
mean great food production. Sou1
America at the end Of failing crC
season has declared an embargo O,
expectation so that she may nd,
starve. The other countries fron
which food supplies can be exporief
including America, have been e1.
hausting their reserves down 70 a
, point where q crop failure in any d
these countries would bring ttem
face to face with their own stern re.
alities and to rude awakening snt
realization as to the worlds actus
condition and how near TO a wor.
famine we really are.
Every piece of 1arm macnlrery
that directly or indirectly helps to in
crease the food production Of th'
United States, not only this year b8i
next year, and perhaps still several
years following, is more than as VI
tally essential to the Allied nations
a. guns, soldiers or munitions To-
day it is food as much as explosives
that is going to win this wal 10
day it is men on the farms snd 70
the factories, producing for us
farms, fully as much as men On "
front, that Will win this wa@
when the productive power "
one man in factory builds tractor
that will save two men in the he'.
let him ask himself what he has co''
as a fighter under hi, flag. "nsi
one man power in a factory has p'''
duced a machine that will save u'
grain which men without machlHep
cannot harvest, what credit is he e..
titled to under the Stars and Stripe
When one man power Do a iae'o9
produces a spreader that vii eAa''
another man TO increase his eNi
from 10 per cent TO SO per cen.
what has he done toward SAVING ID,
nation and kicking the crowns u
kings into the past?
When the steel producer supp.
the farm machinery producer W.
steel, he is doing as much 10 p'.-
forward the line Of democracy D
France as he is when he turni'"'
material for guns and munli'o-'
When the steel producer iurhl'~.
steel for the building Of niah'''
spreaders, tractors, harvesting 10
chinery or other farm implements
may be that he is eliminating mo.'
submarines with the products o. y
mill than if these products were "
ing into shells and torpedoes.
Cyrus II. Mccormick, presIdenI =.
the International Harvester OO'r
ration, recently stated that the g.
trance Of this country into the ,.'' N'
has placed additional responsioiH'..1 >.
upon the agricultural machinery - :,
dustry TO supply the farmer W., W.,
labor-saving devices for plah'iD'
and harvesting the crops. "A spe'''
responsibility rests upon our oEsS~ !,
zation.' he said. "We come IN oA~'
and close contact with the food p'.
Gucing forces of the country IN ic,, o.,
we are part Of these forces
first obligation is to give the ia'H' !.
the best and promptest service :
supplying needed repairs and exp
assistance"
New-York tribune., 1917-06-24

n EODERN agriculture, like
MI modern war, is a machine
A' operation. Without ma
chinery it would be difficult, indeed,
to produce sufficient food TO keep the
nations of the world from going hun
CRY, particularly now that war has
called millions of men in both hem
ispheres away from agricultural
pursuits. The scarcity of labor 10
perform by hand the hundred and
one tasks incidental to farming has
made necessary a change from the
old order of things that under peace
conditions might have taken years
to accomplish. One man or woman,
usually the latter in Europe, is now
called upon to do the work that two
or three men did before the world
went war-mad. There is only one
way that this can be done and that
is by machinery. That is why Eng
land is about to build farm tractors
on an enormous scale, and why
France and Russia are buying heav-
lily and will continue to buy farm inn
plements of all kinds in the AmerA
can market, the home of agricultural
labor saving devices. Germany has
had to struggle along depending on
her own production Of farm ma
chinery. Late advices indicate that
all is not going well with the crops
in that country owing to the fact
that the work of producing food,
which has been left largely to the
women, has suffered for want Of an
adequate supply of farm machinery
New-York tribune., 1917-06-24
Broken Implements and Discarded Tools
Must Be Used to Increase Food Yields
Farmers Are Urged Make All Their Machinery Count Because
Manufacturers of Agricultural Equipment Are
Overwhelmed with Orders

will receive ample pay for his efor.,
he must not only feed an incre,,.,
number Of workers in the Uni,.,
States, but vastly increased arm,
and in addition to that he must hsi,
feed the armies of the Allies and n.
people of the allied nations. Som,
job! But | think the American farm,
er is going to do it, and in way tb,,
will bring results that will surnri,,
the world"
New-York tribune., 1917-06-24

Reports are current in the pO'.
Ayres press that the Argentine - ~.
ernment is considering the es'~'' "A
ment Of a monopoly Of aleoh0' -.
tobacco in order 10 secure
needed increase In revenue.
New-York tribune., 1917-06-24

following a policy of isolation and
ron-intercourse with the rest of the
world. We must assume that inter-
national intercourse is inevitable,
end seek to establish safeguards for
it. and to make it an agency for
world progress.
Weaker Nations Oppressed
In Trade Intercourse
It may be agreed that a very deli
cate question is raised when one ma
ton or people sets up a claim to
exercise authority over another, but,
as we have seen, these claims arise
inevitably if intercourse and trade
exist between the more advanced ma
tions and those which are more or
less undeveloped in the experience of
organization and government. More
over, on account Of the competitive
relations existing between the ad-
vanced nations, their political as well
as commercial rivalries, their suspi-
cions and fears of each other and, to
sum up, the unsettled and anarchis-
tic state of the world organization,
the pressure upon the weak and un-
developed peoples is sometimes in
creased unduly. Their situation is
regarded as undetermined; there is
possibility that they may come under
the influence or domination of some
stronger power, and perhaps become
a colonial dependency, with preferen-
tial trade relations. These possibili-
ties are bound to be a subject of con-
cern to the responsible ministers of all
countries, who are charged with safe
guarding the interests of their peo-
Piles. SO long as a considerable por-
tion Of the world, including regions
OF great natural wealth, is in this un-
settled state, and there is no respon-
sible world organization to deal with
the situation in a judicial manner,
and with a view to promoting the
common good, this clash of interests
unfortunately is apt to occur. The
countries which encourage their citi-
zens to seek investments and trade
abroad and back them up most effec-
lively, will naturally lead in the de-
velopment of the backward countries.