davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-11

the Tagliamento and only for delaying
engagements at that stream. This is pos
sible. Cadorna may have chosen to make
his fight on lines far west Of the Taglia-
mento River but if this be the case some
days will yet elapse before we know where
the chosen position is.
The Possibility Of Rout
Now, the German strategy must consist
in two elements: First, in a rapid pursuit
Of the armies which were defeated and
have retired across the Italian Plain. Hav-
ing won his victories at Jena and Auer-
stadt, Napoleon transformed these VIC
tories into one Of the most complete routs
in military history by his pursuit Of the
beaten Prussians. Within a few days
after these battles all Prussian military
power had ceased 10 exist. Germany, with
her own history in mind, is likely TO make
q determined effort 10 prevent an Italian
stand and 10 transform the defeat into
rout. The second element in the German
strategy is obvious. The nature OF the
Italian front is such that the Austrian
and German troops occupying Austrian
territory from Trent all the way to the
headwaters Of the Tagliamento are not
only west Of the main Italian force, but
could they push their way south through
the valleys which open to The Italian
Plain from the shores of Lago di Garda
10 Cortina they would envelop all the ltal-
ian forces. cut off their retreat and ulti-
mately capture them.
Accordingly, we must look for two
operationg-a tremendous westward push
by the Germans and Austrians along the
Italian Plain and an equally tremendous
push southw ard, either down the Judicaria
Valley, along the shores Of Lago di Garda'
down the Adige or the Brenta valley.
Nor should we mistake the fact that the
very threat Of such drive may compel
the Italians 10 retire behind the Adige, or
even behind the Mincio, and not until they
roach this latter position will their north
ern or left flank be safe from great
turning movement from the north. There
IL then a double danger-destruction from
q crushing blow delivered upon beaten
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-11
An Official Description of the New
Trench Warfare

| have been asked many times to give
some description Of the new form Of
trench warfare. Through the courtesy Of
the French General Staff | am now able
tc present the following description, con-
tanned in the orders of German army
commander captured by the French. Read
ing this, it will be plain exactly what sort
Of fight the British have been waging in
Flanders ever since the beginning Of the
Third Battle Of "Wipers."
Since their great defeat at Verdun the
Germans have abandoned entirely the gen.
eral offensive. All their orders are writ
ten with view to defensive fighting; it is
no longer a question Of attacking, but Of
resisting as long as possible. The follow
ing German order shows this clearly:
The positions constructed up to this
time, comprising several continuous lines,
have been regularly and methodically de-
stroyed at the very beginning of battle
by the expenditure of formidable quantities
Of munitions. The shelters in the old
fashioned trenches, especially in the first
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-11
A Stand at the Pave Likely

Unless the Italian armies have been
beaten beyond power to rally we should
look for a stand at the Piave. The Piave
River is larger than the Tagliamento and
comes down from the Carnic Alps, receiv-
ing many streams from the Dolomites. Its
weakness lies in the fact that it may be
turned by Austro-German thanking opera
tions coming south from the Trentine dis
trict along the route followed by the Aus
trian attack of the spring of 1916, which
reached the Asiago Plateau and almost
penetrated to the Italian Plain. Unless
the Italians have been able to mass troops
and guns in large numbers on this Asiago
front a long continued stand behind the
piave would invite disaster fully compar-
able 10 that Of the Isonzo. A similar o5jec-
,;on would obtain so far as the Brenta po-
sition is concerned.
Not until the Italians are behind the
Adioe can they be reasonably sure Of their
left flank. Such insurance might come to
the Italians at the Piaye or at the Brenta
~ their Western allies are able 10 muster
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-11
Tho Tsgli.mento Crossed

But b. Monday, November 3, 1t was
pain that the Tagliamento position could
M be held, end within twenty-four hours
kone and Berlin agreed that German
hoeDs were across this river and the ltal-
&h armies we're retreating. We do not
JET know whether the Italian armies re-
Treated IN accordance with plan reached
Immediately after the disaster, which
tslled for a retirement further west than
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-11
A Stand at the Pave
Likely-The New
Trench w ar
fare Officially
Described
Copyright lsl7-The Tribune Association

and second lines, have been only traps for
the men and have contributed very fire.
quently to increasing cur losses in pris-
oners.
This shows the weak point in the rigid
method Of defence, applied up to the pres
ent, before and during battle.
THE power of defence in a defensive
battle depends essentially on the precau-
tons taken to hide from the view Of the
enemy all our fighting strength. These
means of defence (trenches, shelters and
placements for machine guns and bat
teries) if they appear on aeroplane photo
graphs, will certainly be destroyed by the
artillery.
The violence of this artillery fire ha.
prevented US from maintaining our
trenches in good condition. The work Of
repair only serves 20 weaken prematurely
the fighting forces Of the troops, and ye.
we are not able to counteract the destruc-
ton TO the extent to which it is being
produced.
at is necessary, therefore, from the very
beginning Of battle to employ another
method Of position construction. In other
words, it is necessary to substitute for the
old system of Positions system which
requires repairs which may be continually
annihilated by the enemy--a zone of de-
fence organized by depth rather than by
lateral extent. This system, with It's
organizations protected as far as possible
from the sight of the enemy, disposed per
pendicularly and with the troops we'll
echeloned, from front to rear, and Of which
the density, least at the front, will always
be proportionately greater toward the rear,
ought to permit our passing from the de-
fensive to the offensive with the elements
stationed in the rear"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-11
Germany Seeks to
Transform Victory
Into Italy
Must Rally or
Meet Disaster
By FRANK H. SlMONDS
Author of THE World War" They Shall
Not Pass"

Since / closed my article of last week
mon the Italian disaster events have
moved very rapidly. The present COM
nent is written on Tuesday, November 8.
and on this day the situation is as follows;
Rome and Berlin agree that the Austro-
German forces are across the Taglia-
usnto River. having thus forced the first
Inc 70 which the Italians retreated after
their great disaster along the Isonzo.
Neither report indicates the extent of the
disorder incident to this new defeat, but
.iree Germany makes no large claims to
prisoners or guns it may be assumed that
tbe second defeat of the Italians is of
less serious character.
II is going to be number Of days and
possibly several weeks before we can
measure the full extent of the Italian dis
sster. In the present article | shall en-
sssvor simply TO foreshadow what may
s,ppen. and there are three different sets
n circumstances to be considered: First,
q complete German victory, carrying with
Il decisive victory over Italy, which will
break the moral power Of the Italian peo-
NE: second. the successful rallying Of the
Italians at some selected line covering
Northern Italy; third, the resumption of
he offensive by the Italians after a
Strategic retreat, following an initial dis
,ster which might repeat the familiar his
,orv Of the Marine campaign.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-11

now in full retreat, and the Livenza River
is the next line on which they may stand.
Subsequently they may retire behind the
Piave, the Brenta and the Adige. The
chances of disaster and panic may grow
with each retreat, or the armies may
achieve a new organization and new
spirit as did the French three years ago.
The chances Of complete military disorder
are unmistakabe in the Italian situation.
On the other hand the possibilities Of a
great rally and of a stand along a new line
are equally apparent.
Attrition in Italy
II the Allies have decided TO send large
forces and strong attachments Of heavy
artillery to the Northern Italian Plain the
fight in Northern Italy will take on an i'm
portance which it does not now possess on
the military side. This war, as have so
often pointed out in these columns, is a
war Of attrition. 1t matters little whether
German troops are killed in Belgium, in
France or in Italy. The killing is the i'm
portant thing. When the Allies sent troops
to Gallipoli or to Salonica they were guilty
of bad strategy, because the troops thus
sent fought not against Germans but
against Turks and Bulgars. Therefore
troops needed on vital front were wasted
against an unimportant foe in an insignifi-
cant field. But in turning to Northern
Italy the Allies will not be making a SINH
lar blunder so long as they meet German
troops there They will simply be fighting
their principal foe on new field.
So much for the military circumstances.
No one should attempt TO disguise the
gravity of the military situation so far as
it affects Italy. We shall have for many
days now TO face the possibility that Italy
will be put out of the war. 1t is unlikely.
1t is improbable. But il will remain a
possibility until the situation has reached
an equilibrium again. But once more it
is essential to recognize that even the
total collapse of Italy would not, on the
military side, greatly endanger the Allied
prospects, because no considerable portion
of Austrian troops could be brought to
the Western field owing TO the exhaustion
of Austria.
But the military side is, by comparison,
minor. The moral effect Of a tremendous
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-11

sufficient guns and troops on their flank
on either Of these streams.
If one may hazard a guess, my judg-
ment is that the Italian army will make a
desperate effort TO stand at the Piave
River, that it will fight all the delaying
actions possible between the Tagliamento
and the Piave, and that it may possibly
make a considerable stand at the Livenza,
as the French did at the Meuse during the
opening days Of the great retreat in 1914.
We come finally to the possibility that
the Italians will endeavor to repeat the
exploit of Joffre, retreating until their
armies are reconcentrated and reinforced
by their French and British allies, and
then. when the Austrians and the Germans
have been drawn long way from their
lines Of communication and supplies, strike
back in the hope of transforming a disas-
ter into a victory. The chances of this seem
slight. The Italian army has suffered a
disaster far in excess of that which the
French army suffered in the various
battles during the third week of August,
1914. No one Of the French armies fight
ing either in Lorraine or in Belgium was
so heavily beaten as was that Italian army
which was driven away from the Isonzo,
FIRST upon Cividale and then upon Udine.
AS | pointed out last week, the real
parallel is the Dunajec, and the Russian
armies were incapable Of rallying for the
offensive as a unity at any time after the
Dunajec during the summer and early au-
tumn Of 1915. Nevertheless, it is necessary
TO watch the operations Of CaGorna from
now on, with clear recognition that he
may possibly contemplate an offensive, and
equally possibly may be able 10 achieve
such an offensive. The odds are against
il, but the chance is there.
Rally or Disaster
Recapitulating the situation briefly,
then, the Italian armies retreating from
the Isonzo after a great defeat have been
able TO reach and pass the Tagliamento,
suffering great losses in men and guns, but
rallying at this river and presenting a
solid front and fighting an unsuccessful
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-11
Holes Replace Trenche.


an the course of battle it is not nece:-
sary to think Of having in the first line
continuous trenches; they will be replaced
by funnel-shaped holes, held by groups Of
men and isolated machine guns, disposed
in the form of checkerboard On the
terrain Immediately behind the first line
Of funnel holes will be installed points Of
support for machine guns, for troops Of
assault and for reserve forces, which are
to be pushed forward. For this purpose
the shelters still existing ought TO be uti-
lized. But in default Of shelters the in
stallation will be made in covered ground.
"You will place in advance Of the first
line Of tunnels a tangle Of steel wire,
irregular in form, offering as far as posi-
bic continuous obstacle. In the same line
Of ideas, it is advisable TO surround with
barbed wire the funnel holes situated in
front Of the first line, in order 10 prevent
their occupation by the enemy
Make an intensive use of obstacles, dis
posed in a manner to compel the enemy to
take direction which suits US and to
bring him under the fire Of our machine
guns.
"All the works Of defence ought 10 avoid
inspection by the enemy; works too much
in evidence and continuous lines cannot
fulfil this important condition.
"A great part Of the supporting troops
and Of the reserve troops ought TO be
sheltered in ground which is hidden. either
in the inside Of the tunnels and In the
neighborhood of them, in woods, or in
bitches, etc.-especially in places where
aerial observation can be escaped
at is necessary as far as possible to
avoid villages, which, as experience has
shown US, attract the fire Of the enemy.
The troops Of support and Of reserve
ought TO work methodically on the con-
struction Of a continuous position. COM
prising several lines and escaping also as
far as possible observation by the enemy.
Such a position will constitute a sup
port for the troops of defence echeloned
toward the rear. 1t ought 10 be sur
rounded by a powerful tangle of barbed
wire, with passages for the troops of as
sault, and ought 10 comprise .e.e.a! 80
Of trenches.
deep shelters will be constructed only
in the second and third lines The first
line will comprise only the small shelters
for sixth of a company, almost all of the
occupants being considered as garrison
of position. Its place will he, in general,
the line of protection of artillery and ought
to be found at one kilometre, or at most
two kilometres, back from the first line OF
funnel holes.
III there are available working forces
on hand, new positions will he constructed
at the rear. based on the same principles
10 form positions of retirement"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-11
Cadorna's Escape

Now. 70 take up the first consideration
namely. a complete Italian disaster, the
situation is this: At the outset Of the
preseut German operation the Italians
occupied a long front covering more than
half the circumference Of a circle, one end
resting on the Adriatic, just east Of the
mouth Of the Isonzo, and the other upon
he Adige and Lago di Garda, just north
II Verona. On a front Of something like
hree hundred miles less than fifty niles
vas active. and only in the thirty miles
Sstveen the head of the Adriatic and the
lend Of the Isonzo north of the Bainsizza
Plateau was there any serious operation
rOinv forward The Italians had concen-
hs.ed all their effort on this restricted
front and had been endeavoring to push
ahead. with Laibach as their ultimate
objective.
ne German attack on the Upper lsonzo
brte through the Italian lines north OF
Ii. front on which they had concen-
rated most Of their guns and all their
best troops. Owing to the configuration
Of the front, the German troops which
pen..rated the Italian line were nearer
% he vital lines Of Italian communica-
tion than Cadorna's main force about Co
rzia. The immediate problem then was
whether Cadorna's main force about 70
mia could get west before the German as
Saulting columns came south and cut
their line # retreat. Could the Italians
accomplish this, the next natural raIyin2
line was at the Tagliamento River which
comes down out of the Alps, runs straight
south across the Italian Plain and enters
The Adriatic west Of the mouth Of the
Isonzo
Cadorna did not get all his troops back
He seems 70 have lost something IKE ZOo'-
90 men and an enormous number Of guns.
The Germans, on the other hand, did not
sseceed in enveloping the main Italian
force, and by Saturday or Sunday at the
ls;eat-that is, by November 4-the Italians
Ssre back behind the Tagliamento River.
This stream supplied front which offered
sdyantages for defence, provided the
Italian army could be reconcentrated ana
iuficient artillery could be nassed TO
Maintain IL.
Tho Tsglismento Cro''ed
But b. Monday, November 3, 1t was
The Holt County sentinel., 1917-04-13
Burr Oak.

Nellie May, with several Of her
friends. had an roasting on Eas.
ter.
Mrs. Jane Blachly was quite III
the first Of the week. but is much bet
ter now.
Arthur Elder and J. l.. Ammo and
families spent Faster with s. W. An
no and family
Sid Eads and family spent Sun
day with George Gotten and family
and Mrs. Mary Gotten.
Miss Fannie Sinclair visited
from Friday until Monday with her
sister. Lou. ut Morgravcs Ranch.
, Miss Ella Hopper returned homr.
Saturday. from Tarkio. where she hal
been visiting for the past three wccL,
with her sister, Mrs. Robert Spoon
and family.
We had quite fair SUNDAY
school. last Sunday, considering the
very muddy roads. There were -
present. Brother Cooley was unable
to I'LL his appointment there Sunday
afternoon.
Those who spent Easter SUNDAY
with Mr. and Mrs. lee Hopper wcrr.
Vince Hopper and family, Mr.. M
Mrs. Lev. holland, Sophar BlachIv
and Perry Stone, Clara West ard
Mary Murrah.
Vince Hopper our road oversee
and several of the farmers around
here. have been filling in the WASH.
out IN front Of Burr Oak school housr.
This will do away with the short turn
in the road there. which We have been
following since last summer.
IS. W. Ammo has just complete
"A new boa, 10 replace the one he lot
recently by being cut in the rivcr
Mr.. Ammo has been compelled to stay
away from White Cloud for some
time. We feel sure he will be glat
when he gets the new boat on the
river.
Mrs. Malinda Grimslcy. OF Sacra.
mcnto. California. arrived here, the
first of the month, for "a visit with
her sister. Mrs. Nick Stone. Mrs.
Grimslcy Is the one who came into
communication with her relatives
here about n year ago, after twenty
five years silence. Now she Is hav-
ing n pleasant reunion with her sis
ter and other relatives.
EGO.
The Holt County sentinel., 1917-04-13
New Point Items,
EGO.

MIR. G. c. Hartman left Friday
for Colorado.
Miss Lucy Meyer spent Sunday
with Mrs. Fred Davis.
Jim llodgin Is entertaining "A case
of measles ut present.
Miss licrnicc Agler l. spending n
few days in Mound City.
Everett Aglcr has just received a
stock Of goods for his store.
A daughter was born, Wcdnes-
day, April 4, 1917, to Mr.. and Mrs.
VIM. Luther.
The members of the Christian
Church are installing an electric plant
there, this week.
Misses Nellie Kunkel and Rctta
Boswell attended Prcsbytcrial in st.
Joseph, last week.
DIR. Leonard Botkin. of Cherry
vale, Kansas, visited from Friday un-
I'll Sunday, with home folks.
MIR. and Mrs. Fred Davis spent
Monday in st. Joseph, where Mr..
Davis was having his eyes attended
to.
Miss Halle Buntz, who attends
school at Maryville, came home
ton.
Rev. 7. D.Roberts and Mr.. u. F.
Praiswater intend leaving Tuesday
evening for Fairfax, to attend Pres.
bytery
The Ladies, Aid, Of the Christ
ian Church, held thetir social meeting
last Thursday afternoon, at the home
OF Mrs. jeff Springer.
MIR. and Mrs. Everett Agler were
called to Mound City, Saturday, to at
tend the funeral of Mildred Carmich-
ael. They returned home Sunday.
Mrs. V. Luther met with a very
painful accident, last Sunday, April
D, when she fell and broke her arm.
She is getting along very nicely at
Homer Edwards and family, of
west. Of town, and Mr.. and Mrs.
Lewis Hodgin, of Maitland, motored
to st; Joseph, Friday, and spent the
day shopping.
- Rev. and Mrs. T. d. Roberts left
Tuesday evening for st. Joseph,
where Mrs. Roberts attended Presby-
terial. Mr.. Roberts returned home
Wednesday. Mrs. Roberts went on
10 Kansas City to visit q daughter,
where she expects to meet her son,
DR.. Guy Roberts, Of Raleigh, N. c.
BAScOMB.
The Holt County sentinel., 1917-04-13

action has been commenced against them By
plalrtin in said court, the object and gen.
eral nature Of which IL IN ascertain and de-
termine the estate. title and interest Of the
parties plaintiff and defendant In said suit
seNerally In said real estate. and 10 define
and adiudgc by the decree of the court the
estate, title aud interest of the parties plain
tif and defendant iu said suit seyeraily there-
in, and unless .aId defendants he and appear
w this court AZ the next term thereof "a bs
begun and holden ~ tho court house In tho
rtty Of Oregon In said county on the 2ist day
NJ MAY neNt. Btd on or tefor, the first day Of
said term answer or UloHd tu the petition In said
'ause. the same will 10 taken ~ confessed,
and judgment rendered accordingly
" y further ordered that " copy hereof be
published Ia the Holt County Sentinel a
newspaper printed and Published In tho Coun-
" 81 Holt and state uf Missouri. and desig.
mated by plaintiffs attorney. for four weeks
successfully az least once week. the last
Insertion tn he nt least FIFTEEN DAYS before IN.
first day Of the said term 81 the said court.
D.. \. DuNHAM.
lSea'l. Circuit CLERK.
\ true copy from tho record. Witness my
hand aud ~, .cal Of snid court this 3rd dag
If April. 1919.
:. A. DtNitAM.
Circuit Clerk.