davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
SOIL AC|D|TY IS DUE
TOCHEM|CAL REACTIONS

That soil acidity is due to purely
chemical reactions and not to iron ad-
sorptiUn by soil colloids is the con-
clusion reached by T.. Truog in his re-
search Investigations at Wisconsin ex-
pertinent station. He states that in
most soils mineral acids are the main
cause of acidity and he places the
burden chiefly on the silieates. ...
Soil high in organic matter may con-
tain organic acids but these are com.
paratively weak and are often in a
erYFtoloid condition. 1t is the relative
proportion of silica in the soil that
makes the soil primarily acid. The
reason why acid soil needs TO be fire.
quently lined is because fresh supplies
Of acid sjlicates are constantly being
formed by chemical reactions.
This and the work of w. Frear at the
Pennsylvania experiment station com
pletCly refuted the theories held by the
physicists of the United States bure au
of soils at Washington. According to
the latter group of scientists soil acid
itv waa purely a physical phenomenon
which they termed H'ion absorption.
! Their idea was that the .capillarity OF
. the soil separates salts in dilute solu
tiors into their acids and bases just
| as blo;tiug paper separates the water
from ink.
Pick up an ink blot with a clear
white blo'tCr and the color spot on the
paper is surrounded by a zone Of color
less fluid. The separation in this cas-;
is purely physical. A similar separa
! ton takes place when certain salts arr
/ filtered through unglazed porcelain, thu
! minerals and acids being disunite(
without any chemical reaction having
taken place. >"N.
! This is what the soil physicist
claimed occurs in acid soils, their ex
PLANTATION being that soils were sou
I because of improper physical condi
! tions. TruOg, however, has utterly dis
proved this theory and has defnitel,
proved that sour soils are sour becaus,
, they are fmpregnated with minera
acids formed in the soil by natura
chemical processes. -.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
Harvest Of Crop On
EVA Plantation
Runs Over Estimate

Eva plantation Is 1917 crop promises
to run well over the original estimate
of 1850 tons according to George +.
Renton, manager. The season s grind.
ing is being done from 4425h acres, in.
Guiding l76 acres from Apokaa Sugar
Company. OF the Eva cane, varieties
are 1852 acres of Lahaina, ll2l Of Vel.
low Caledonia, $40 of D.1l35, 40 of
H-IO9, 352 Of H.20 and 343 of various
varieties Writing under date of Feb
ruary 2, Mr.. Renton states:
"The estimated yield made in Decem-
Der last for the 4249.35 acres Of the
Eva Plantation Company was about
$3.50 tons. This was conservative.
There is every indication that II will
go over this. How much l cannot at
present say. There seems TO be an en-
couraging quantity Of stalks in the
fields and the sucrose in the cane from
fields already harvested is about one
per cent higher than it was last year
at even dates. Another factor to be
considered, and very important one,
is that the present crop contains ap
proximately 700 acres less of D'll35
and Yellow Caledonia varieties than
last year, and 700 acres more of La.
haina and Hawaii 100. Now, although
Lahaina cane here has been attacked
by the so-called "Lahaina Trouble 1"
and has grown very poorly when so
attacked, the fact is that in a number
of the remaining ration fields of this
variety it has suffered very little, and
is growing quite vigorously, so that,
with the replacement as above stated,
it is not altogether beyond reason to
expect 1000 tons more sugar than es-
timated from this source alone.
"To date of writing 526,55 acres
cane have been ground. The estimate
of this area was placed at 3,675.3S tons
sugar. The actual yield was 4,l0385
tons sugar, or 42S.47 tons more than
estimated,
''The fairly heavy rains of last
month have hampered field operations
to some extent, and there has not been
manufactured as much sugar to date
as had been expected III = .s'@
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
KOLOA CROP THIS
YEAR IS LARGER
Water Supply Is Plentiful and
lnsures Cane Against
Dry Spells

Koloa Sugar Company s 1917 crop is
estimated to produce 1900 tons of su-
glars more than the 1916 crop according
to the annual report Of Ernst CrOpp
manager. The 1916 crop. harvested
from 2012 acres yielded 1855 tons of SUI
gar. Describing adverse conditions
encountered last year, the report states:
.'The crop suffered severely both in
quantity and quality from unfavorable
weather, and TO the drought of the
spring and summer of l9l5-our big
reservoir was empty for FIVE full months
was due the very large decrease noted
in this crop as compared with the crop
Of l9l5.'' hy"',
The 1917 crop is TO be harvested
from 1850 acres consisting of 53l acres
Of plant cane, $40 acres Of first long
ratoons, 696 acres of second and third
ratoons and lib acres of short ratoons.
Harvesting commenced December IL
and up to February ~, 2250 tons of
sugar had been manufactured from 4lO
acres. The report goes on to say:
"This crop has grown under favor
able conditions as far as our water
supply was concerned and my estimate
Is dDOul oOOO tOnb VI SukdIs
1.-THE lowest amount of water deliv-
cred by the new Lihue ditch during
1915 was in April, I677l2,3Og gallons;
the highest in October, 6Ol, 270,79l gal
Ions. The average quantity of water
has been so large as to insure fair
growth OF all crops, entirely eliminat-
ing those dry spells which have been
very harmful to the prosperity of this
company in the past.
"The cane fields for the 1918 crop
are in fairly good condition. The plant
cane is looking well; some of the ration
fields are still backward on account of
shortage of labor and the continuous
rains during the winter months.
1.-THE acreage Of this crop consists of
622 acres of plant cane, 500 acres of
Rrst long ratopns, 705 OF second and
third ratoons and "a acres Of short ra-i
toons, a total of 2012 acres.
"Owing to the improvements in the
plant and in the manufacturing meth
DDS, the factory work was much bet
ter than in any previous year; but 1
would recommend the installation of an
other pan of fifteen tons capacity, in
order to facilitate the making of a good
grade of number one sugar ID
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
Increase Shown In
Value Of Sugar
Imports Last Year

!, The imports Of sugar into the United
States from foreign countries and also
including the Philippine Islands, but
not including the Hawaiian Islands,
are now reported for the twelve months
ending December 81 as reaching p
76G. l6l short tons, valued at 1927 $685.
342. These imports in quantity stand
as against 2,643,1O9 tons in. 1918 and
2,703 ,g93 tons in 1914 The values Of
the imports for those years respectively
are reported as $179, 247 $50 and $l27,-
2ls,3s4, the import values of sugars
thus having increased a little over a
hundred millions Of dollars in 1916 over
he imports Of 1914. The bulk Of these
imports came. from Cuba which are re-
ported at $500, 800, 900 in value as
against $l65,0O0,000 the year before
and $ll5,00o.000 in 1914.
A notable feature of the imports Is
that we have only received from the
Philippines sugar to the value. of n
little under eight millions of dollars,
although those sugars come in free and
We have not received any sugars during
the past year from Java. The South
American countries have given us sugar
to the extent of seven and a half mil
lion Of dollars and the Dominican Re-
public slightly under six million of
dollars. The molasses import reached
seven and three quarter millions Of dol
lars in value and maple sugar imports
a little under 100000. .H
A festure of the schedule is that inn
ports of sugar candy reached about
$12S.000 against nothing in the prev
ious two years and il excites inquiry as
TO why these candies should be import
ed to this extent this year and not
similarly in the previous years:
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
GERMAN consul HELD
BACK BY JAPANESE
Nippon Declined To Allow Him To
Go On To Shanghai

Refusal on the part of the Japanese
officials to permit DIR. Franz c. Zitel
mann, German consul at Manila; and
his secretary, H. A. Raedler, to land at
that port, delayed the United States
Army transport Thomas eighteen hours
in leaving the Japanese port for Homo.
lulu, the vessel arriving here about
noon yesterday. ~. 81 Elk ~,
Zitelmann ard Raedler, when the di
plomatic breach between the United
States and Germany occurred, planned
to return 10 Germany via the United
States. and at the request of the Unit
ed States government, a guarantee OF
safeNeonduct was given them by the
japanese government, AT the japanese
port, however, the two Germans eVi.
IDENTIFY changed their plans, and made
up their mind to proceed to Shanghai,
according to passengers on the trans
port, The Japanese authorities would
not permit this, however b
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
Poisoned Syrups Sure
Death To
Ants Says Uncle Sam

The United States department of
agriculture at Washington after many
experiments recommends poisoned
syrup for DISCRIMINATING ants, and tells
how TO make e. The formula calls for
fifteen pounds graduated sugar and
one fourth ounce crystallized tartaric
acid boiled thirty minutes in seven
.pints Of water, and then allowed to
cool. Next, thfee.quarters Of an ounce
Of arsenite Of soda, chemically pure. Is
first dissolved in one pint of hot water
and cooled. Add the poison solution
to the syrup, stir well, add one and a
half pounds of honey, and .mix
thoroughly.
This combination has been found TO
be stable at high temperatures, does
not crystalline and is attractive ~
ants. Its deadliness is certain not only
to ants but to cockroaches and other
household pests and crawling things,
II has been found especially useful ID
fighting the Argentine ant, a city pest
now established pretty well throughout
the Southern States.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
NEGLECT CAUSES LOSS .. -.
''-.' OF CANE IN PORTO RICO

A heavy loss of cane, reported by the
colonos, along the west coast Of Porto
Rico, between Mayaguez and Arecibo,
has recently been given considerable
study by members of the insular agri.
cultural experiment station staff, and
they are reported to have come to the
conclusion that the chief trouble en-
countered has been due to the planting
of poor seed and lack of proper cultiva-
ton. r.
At first it was feared that some new
parasite of plant disease was the cause
Of the failure of the cane to develop,
but following an Investigation of the
fields, the conclusion was reached that
the crop failures experienced were due
almost entirely to the cane being neg
lected during critical cultivation pc
RODS. 49,.
In all it is believed there will be sew
eral hundred acres in this section from
which there will be no cane yield what
ever. -
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
UPPER court UPHOLDS
MONSARRAT'S DECISION

" The supreme court rendered an opin.
ION yesterday In the case of the Terri
tory versus r. 4. Snyder, uphOlding
the order of District Magistrate Mon.
sarrat refusing TO permit Snyder to
withdraw plea of guilty and substi-
tute n plea of not guilty in case in
which he was charged with permitting
a gambling game to be carried on in
premises rented by him,
Snyder was arrested on a charge of
conducting buneo game. One of his
attorneys, according to the opinion rem
dered by the court, saw the police Of
fcer making the arrest and told the
officer that Snyder had nothing to do
with the bunco game. The officer said
that if Snyder would plead guilty to
being present at gambling game, the
oificer would see that the defendant
was fined not more than $25. %rt...
But the deputy city and county at
torney who had charge of the case re-
fused to stand by this agreement. The
charge of conducting a bunco game was
dropped and charge made against the
defendant of wilfully and knowingly
permitting gambling game TO be car
riPl on in his premises. Snyder plead
cd guilty and was fined 5000. He then
moved TO change his plea to not guilty,
ON the ground that he had believed II he
pleaded guilty he would be fined not
more than $25. Monsarrat denied tho
motion, and the supreme court, on APP
peal, snstains him.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
IMPORTANCE OF ..
SUGAR AS FOOD
.E.lFfm t..', 'tf
Decline In Cost To Consumer Is
Accompanied: BY Better
Methods of Refining

Refined sugar sells today for less
than it cost to turn raw sugar into re-
fined one hundred years ago. Then
sugar in any form was luxury and
graduated sugar was unknown. In
Colonial days sugar was sold by the
lump, loaf or piece, and the housewife
broke it up before she used il.
A hundred years ago the tariff on
raw sugar imported int9 the United
States was three cents a pound, and on
loaf or refined sugar twelve cents. Now
the tariff on most of the raw sugar is
hnt one cent a pound, and one-half of
the sugar consumed in the United
States pays no duty. Although sugar
Is now SEEMING on higher basis than
for many years, the price per pound
is less than that in any other country
in the world No other palatnble arti-
Gle of food is furnished the public that
contains the same amount of energy
per pound for tho price paid for sugar
One of the leading food experts upon
diet sums up the opinion of the scien'
tifie world as to the great food value
of sugar in this way: "There have
been few more important additions To
our dietary than our cheap and abun'
dant supply Of pure sugar
Every year the consumption of sugar
has increased. We now refine every
forty-eight hours more sugar than was
imported during the entire year OF
1916. Even with the greatly decreased
duty on sugar, the amount received II
customs duty by the government al
! the port of New York in a single week
equals the total sugar duty levied by
the government during that year.
With the development of the art OF
refining, which is so perfect that sugai
is our only article of food that is l0(
per cent, pure, has come about i'm
provements in handling so that today
/ bulk sugar Is almost unknown. Thu
consumer now buys his powdered suga
in cartons with waved paper lining
his table sugar in large or small pieces
and, If he desires, individually wrapped
in paper. the last refinement in the ar
Of supplying pure sugar-New HorI
Evening Mail. nv .f,... , E.."
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
WEATHER FAVORABLE .
FOR KAHUKU HARVEST

Kahuku Plantation 5 1917 crop is ex.
pected to produce more sugar than the
1916 crop, according to the annual re-
port of Andrew Adams, manager. He
states that the sucrose in the cane of
the last crop WAS low for the year and
the purity of the juices was low. The
results he characterizes as disappoint-
ing. Kahuku fields cane yield was
81 90 tons per acre for 1916, although
over one-third of the area harvested
vas short ration cane the yield of
which per acre was 1852 tons. g..
The losses of sucrose, Manager Ad-
ans reports, were unusually high, the
principal loss being in molasses.
The treasurer's report shows the net
profit for the year on sugar and sundry
earnings as $235, 449.50, out of which
dividends of $l60000 were paid and a
balance carried forward, including the
balance from 1916, of $34S, 3S9.94. OF
| crop conditions the manager 3 report
states:
"There was good cane-ripening
! weather during the last few months of
the year 1916, consequently more sugar
| is expected for the 1917 crop than was
produced in 1915. Manufacturing com.
menced on the second of January. This
was much later than for several pTevi-
Gus years. More sugar has been pro
dueed to date than was produced to this
| date last year. The suerose in cane to
date is eight per cent higher than to
this date last year, The heavy rains
in January apparently did not injure
the quality of the juices. The area TO
be harvested by independent cane
growers Is much greater than ever be.
fore. .,
"Because of favorable returns from
II JOB, cane grown in Kahuku fields and
the good reports Of this cane grown
elsewhere on Oahu, an effort was made
TO plant as much Of this variety as pos
bic for the 1913 crop. The returns from
: D.1l35 on the Kahuku lowlands have
been poor. therefore this variety is now
being tried out on some of the upper
lands. All the cane of this crop has
had a good growth and is looking we'll,
There has been no irrigation for nearly
three months, on account Of rainfall.
"FOr the 1919 crop it is proposed
planting as much HOO as possible and
more Lahaina and less Yellow Gale
donia than usual. As a cane-borer re-
sisting variety Yellow Caledonia served
its purpose. The cost of manufactur'
ing sugar from Yellow Caledonia cane
was high under favorable conditions,
With low purity juices not only was the
cost of manufacture high, but the yield
of sugar per unit of cane was low. IT
seems more than mere coincidence that
the percentage of sulphate ash has been
rher in the sugar at this factory
when Yellow Caledonia cane was being
milled than when I.ahainn cane was be
ing milled." NE4
The report notes expenditures for i'm
! prOyements during the year OF S92.soo
of which improvements TO the factory
totalled CSC, 800, including the rein
forced concrete smokestafk. the first
erected In the Islands, designed by
/ Prof. John NJ Young, Of the College OF
Hawaii The total bonus paid 70 Ia
borers by Kahuku during 1916 wai
is73,575.S0.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
TERMINATION RETARDED
BY 0VERHEATiNG SOILS

Following the work done by Kelley
and McGeorge at the Hawaii expert
ment station on the increase of fertility
resulting from burning or heating soils,
Wisconsin experiment station has in
vcstigated the effect Of heated soils on
seed termination. @",
1t has been found that the ammonia
increases in soils heated ~ 20 250 de-
grees C., and above that TEN serature
rapidly diminishes. 1t was also found
that the more ammonia present In soils
the greater the termination of seed is
retarded. The increase in ammonia was
accompanied by decrease in nitrates,
which were practically nonresident in
highly heated soils
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
OLD SCHOOL PLAN
GETSNEW BACKING
Recent Investigations Show Real
Reason Putting Fertilizers
On In One Dose

Research investigations at the Mis-
souri, experiment station indicate that
the cereals and cultivated grasses take
up most of their nitrogen and mineral
matter in the earlier Leriod of their
growth. They also lose in absolute
amount Of dry matter at the period of
ripening, due to washing by rain and
dew and the falling Of dead parts.
Cane is one Of the cultivated grasses
II the characteristics Of growth are
similar in all grasses, that is to say II
IL is a grass habit for the growing
plant TO require most Of its mineral
food in the first veget alive period,
then the practise followed by some of
the older plantation managers is~cor-
rect The old-schooln cane men most.
ly favor putting all the fertilizer on
in one dose. Webster of Pepeekeo,
NOR and some others whose cane fields
grow cane, advocate only one appliea-
ton instead of using fractional doses
at frequent intervals. The newer school
Of managers, and the scientists, have
advocated repeated applications. Which
is the right method depends on whether
cane, being a grass. follows the laws
of growth governing the rest of the
family wheat, corn, oats and timo-t
thy, for instance.
Perhaps it may turn out that the
older managers are right and that il
is both the business way and the proper
scientific way, to apply the years sup
ply of fertilizer at the very beginning
of the crop. Some plants need a con,
tinuous supply of readily available!
fertilizers. Apparently the members
of the grass family do not.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
FRUIT FLY CONTROL

Additional data on the control of
the Mediterranean fruit fly by para
sites has been published by L. A. Back
and c. f. Pemberton IN a recent mum.
Der of the Journal of Economic Ento-
mology. The authors present tables
showing the percentage of parasitism
observed in larvae of the pest in coffee
cherries in Kona, Kamani nuts, and
various fruits in Honolulu. They state
that Opus humilis, Diachasma tryoni,
D. fullawayi and Tetrastichus giffardi
have established themselves and are a
promising factor in the control of the
pest. -" .n..g IN ,
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
German Socialists
.DenOUnce Increase
In Price Of Sugar

The Vorwarts, the great socialistie
paper Of Germany some weeks ago bit.
terly denounced the raise in sugar
prices in the Empire and said in an
editorial that the populace could not
permit itself to slide into the hands of
the sugar manufacturers and brokers
whose sole aim was to screw up the
prices - ..tE..r ~ a..'"
Since the last raise in prices, they
had reached such limit that the
prices were intolerable. ..... 49,.
A Berlin paper also seriously con.
dennis the ''Verein der Deutschen
Zuekerindustrie for the Wholesale
agitation in serewing up prices. q,
Raws were to be had for marks at
the opening of the war, then they went
to Is marks and now 25 marks an in.
crease of $50 per cent. Germany, the
papers argue, is able TO produce all
the sugar it consumes and that at a
reasonable price and there is no neces-
sity That these exorbitant prices
should be charged, ..' o.. H..
The Centralblatt replies TO these
assertions by saying that such senti.
ments are the product of uninformed
minds and says that the Germany
society of sugar manufacturers must
arm each manufacturer with the facts
so that these arguments can be square.
ly met. .@'.'.4 ,2 49,. .,.,.,
Germany is having a most serious
time with all foods. -.
Sugar is practically unknown in
some sections as the machinery for dis.
tribution has not worked well and
recently it has been discovered that
amid the stress of the economic war
men have been seriously tempted and
have yielded to need more than selfish
ness which has debarred others from
the right of having their proper Por'
| ton. -,h 2 i Vi ~ -
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
TESTS SHOW VALUE OF
SUPERPH0SPHATE'S USE

Indiana experiment station has issued
a bulletin on the comparative value Of
rock phosphates and acid phospates,
summarizing the results of eighty-two
comparative tests in twelve years The
phosphates were used alone and were
supplemented with manure and lime
where the soils needed lime. On a cost
basis equal amounts of the two forms
were used. ..... ~yy
II is estimated from the average re.
suits that the profit per dollar invested
was over seven times as great from su,
pefphosphate as from raw rock phos-
phate. The value Of the crop increase
per pound Of phosphorus applied was
2s-3 cents for acid phosphate and S.5
cents for raw rock. ID = - ~
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
ATTRACTS ATTENTION

Ammonium phosphate is a new fer
tilizer now attracting considerable at
tention in Europe where field tests
have proved its adaptability TO inten-
sive agriculture. 1t is formed by
exposing superPhosphate to the action
of gaseous ammonia, the process Of
manufacture being not much different
from the methods used in the recovery
of ammonium sulphate from hue gass'
es. .''tt y,
Ammonium phosphate apparently
has the same properties and value as
the two fertilizers, ammonium sulphate
and superphosphate, combined.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
GREAT SQUARE R|GCER
MAKES GLORIOUS SIGHT

Coming in with all sails set, the ship
Falls of Clyde presented n splendid
sight as she arrived of port yesterday
afternoon. The oil boat docked Mt
Pier " at half.~nH six O'Clock, Close
behind her followed the schooner
Helene, so days from Port Ludlow,
which also flushed her voyage with a
bone in her teeth. r. FL
The run from San Francisco was
made in eighteen days, fair weather
being experienced all the way,
Tor the Associated Oil Company the
big ship brought 800 drums OF dis
tillate aud 1880 barrels OF fuel oil
She Is expected to leave for San Fran
cisco tomorrow.
Commanding the Falls Of Clyde is
Capt. w. Smith.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
ALCOHOL FROM MoLAssES

Natal. South Africa, has distillery
that is turning out motor alcohol or
spirit made Of molasses. 1t is claimed
that this new fuel will be able TO com.
pete with gasoline. In test n twenty
two'horsepower car, weighing 5000
pounds, used one gallcn in gong l640
miles.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1917-03-09
SOME LAWl

! A bill has been introduced in the New
Mexico legislature exempting all sugar
factories from taxation for q period Of
six years. There now, All sugar plant
ers should move to New Mexico a. soon
as the law leaves the governors pen.
There will be some opposition TO the
law. yE,si Il