The Fargo forum and daily republican., 1917-07-28


positions northwest Of Stanislau. On
July IL Halicz was taken. thus
smashing the Austro- German front
between Brezezany and the Car
pathians.
This Russian operation broadened
by mid-July, so that 1t extended
from the Gulf of Riga to the Ru-
manian front. a distance of 500
miles. The Germans were reported
to be rushing troops from the Italian
and French fronts. Widespread en-
thusiasm was created throughout
Russia, and the moral effect on the
other entente powers was tremend-
Gus.
Vigorous Warfare BY Italy.
Italy, declaring war against Ger
many on August %. began q more
vigorous prosecution Of her earlier
offensive against Austria.
With dramatic swiftness the Third
army, under the Duke of Aosta,
stormed and captured Gorilla, hith-
erto considered impregnable. By
Jan. the Italians had captured L.
200 square miles.
After a winter Of artillery duels,
italy resumed her offensive on the
Trieste. Within a month the Aus
trian lines were broken from Cast
agnavizza to the sea. Italy in
fiicted losses Of $4,000 on the Aus
trians. and lost heavily herself. Aus
tria hurried reinforcements from the
Russian front.
In the Trentino the Italians took
the offensive in June and after ter
rife fighting captured the Austrian
positions on Monte Ortigara and
Agnello pass. These they were
forced to relinquish, however, in the
face of Austrian counter attacks.
In The Balkans.
In the Balkans the years military
development saw the occupation of
Rumania by the Teutons-a gain of
great economic value because of the
oil and grain fields. The Rumanian
army, reformed. is cooperating with
the Russians and as the year closed
they were engaged in a heavy Of
fensive against the Austro Germans,
Turks and Bulgaria.
Bulgaria won successes Of moder-
ate importance. including the cap
ture of the Grecian port Of Kavala.
The newly equipped Serbian army
arrived at Saloniki in August and
began an offensive which won Os-
trovo. on the road to Monastir. This
offensive, resumed in the spring
with the cooperation of entente and
Venizelist troops, won Monastir and
Cerna.
In Greece the military moves of
the entente forces included a block
ade OF Greece and temporary
French occupation of Athens.
hvf1 p~Hk
Mesopotamia accomplished the
capture of Kut-ei-Amara, in Feb
ruary; and of Bagdad, terminus of
the Berlin-to -Bagdad railway, in
March. The capture of Bagdad had
a deep moral effect in the Orient,
particularly in Arabia, where many
natives revolted from Turkish rule.
Russians operating in Persia took
Hamadan; and further north, in
Turkish Armania, Russians cap
tured Van.
In the Holy Land the British
opened a new era in the history of
the east. Their advance has carried
them nearly to GAIA. Their obJec-
tive is Jerusalem, which the Turks
were reported in June to have partly
evacuated.
Submarine Operations.
Except for submarine operations,
writers have found little to
engage their attention during the
past year.
Germany continued to rely on u
boats. This policy led to unrestrict-
ed warfare which drew the United
States into the conflict.
U-boatss destroyed an estimated
gross tonnage Of more than 100000
during the year. This included g.
100000 flying the British flag sunk
from Feb. IS to July i.
Americas destroyer Flotilla ar
rived in British waters in MAJ.
the loss of ship or a man,
American warships conveyed the
first American troops to France.
Two submarine attacks were made
on the transports. At least one u
boat was sunk. American warships
took over from British and French
the patrol Of American
coasts. Brazil added her navy 20
,urs In South American waters.
Cities from Bagdad to London
nave been subjected 70 raids, notable |
attacks being those by German
zeppelins and airplanes on London.
n four attacks on England in May, |
Tune and July, 2s7 persons were kill
ID and 837 injured.