davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1917-01-11

provide the 40 cents a day, not each,
for the entire family for food, with
nothing for clothes or anything else.
The above figures do not lie. They
are not the work of fiction. They are
actual figures that are only too well
known to the average Workingman
and to his wife. They knowit by ex-
perience, and they know, too, by ex-
perience, that the only way to meet
the increased cost of living is to re-
ceive a substantial raise in wages,
and the aforementioned demon
strator might just as well spend his
time at something that would be
more profitable to him, and of more
service to society, than trying to
teach the false economy of how to
live on nothing and grow fat and
rich at the same time.
If you care to publish the facts
and figures that 1 have set forth you
are at liberty to do so without any
restrictions whatever. The big scab
daily papers are doing their best to
influence public opinion in favor of
their advertisers (the food-price
boosters) by shooting the same old
bull-only they have changed the
"tag" so that it now reads: ''High
Cost of Living" IN. J. O'Brien, 1884
Highland Az.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1917-09-28
Advertising Is Read.

One Of the foundation principles
Of successful newspaper work Il
that the closer anything comes
home to the personal affairs OF the
reader the more interest IL excites.
An item about the business inter.
ests of a neighbor is likely to be
read with more attention than a re.
port of some fatal disaster manv
miles away. affecting communities
and people Of which one knows
nothing.
This gives you an idea OF why ad-
vertisements are always read with
such attentive interest. They re-
late directly to the personal affairs
of the public.
People are deeply concerned
nowadays about the cost of living.
They lie awake night worrying
about it. The club formed to dis
cuss Shakespeare's writings may
spend much of its time in talking
over the cost of food articles.
So anything relating directly to
living costs appeals as keenly to
the reader as anything there is in
the newspaper.
When we learn from some wide
awake merchants advertisement
that he has acquired a lot of pota.
toes or oranges-or -four, hosiery or
underwear as q special bargain, and
is preparing to close them out at a
low price, the thing hits us where
we live.
Everyone that wants to reduce
the cost of living. and that includes
the whole community, is affected by
such an advertisement. Ii is read
as eagerly by the housewives as the
news Of distant battle. The men
also are interested. and ask their
wives whv they do not 60 there
to buy.
Advertising is often the best news
in the paper Merchants who use
il may be sure that every line they
write is read
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1917-09-28
Women Railway Unionists.

10 their convention at Fort Worth,
the Brotherhood Of Railway Car
Men voted to admit women into the
organization as full members where
they are doing mems work.
Doubtless the increasing number
of women holding railroad jobs
formerly held by men has led to
this action. II is in the nature of a
first step in self defense for the
unions Women are acting as en-
CINE hostlers, as crossing faemen.
as car cleaners and in various other
capacities that have been the ex
elusive field of men since the first
railroad was laid down in the United
States
BY the unions this is regarded as
a danger unless the women workers
can be affiliated with existing orea
niZations. England has had the
same difficulty The trades union
there have been muddling with the
question since early in the war If
the railroads had hoped to reduce
the cost of labor by using women in
the laces of men il appears that
the hope is to be blasted.
7. B Knox OF near Hunnewell
was in this city ne day last week.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1917-09-28
U-Boat Hunting.

The account from London de-
scribiDg the destruction of eight
submarines at various times and
under various circumstances shows
that four of the eight U-boats came
to grief by gun fire. Two armed
merchantmen. an auxiliary naval
vessel and a naval vessel accounted
for them. Two depth-bombs drop
ped from small craft and one from
a seaplane accounted for three more
and a torpedo fired by a submarine
ended the career Of the remaining
U-bOat. 1t is said in the dispatch
that these eight cases cover prac-
tically the whole ground of recent
antisubmarine activity.
1t would appear. then, that de-
stroyine U-boats by ramming, which
was tiled frequently in the early
part of the war. has not=often sue
ceeded, and that entaneling the
submarines in nets is also unim-
portant as means Of putting them
out OF action, though nets must be
OF great importance in the defense
of harbors and of lanes across the
channel.
One Of the stories. however, may
be significant Of something new in
U-boat fighting. 1t is that of the
British submarine which sighted an
enemy U-boat, lost sight Of it and
found it three hours later. Unless
this was remarkable bit of good
luck this piece of undersea hunting
must have been accomplished by
the new listening apparatus which
has been vaguely hinted at on a
number Of occasions.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1917-09-28
Died.

Douglas Buckman died at his
home, near Shelbina. on Monday
Sept. H. He was born In Monroe
county and was "a years old at the
time Of his death He was a true
christian man and well liked by all
He leaves his wife and five sons,
Loren, of Fort Madison. Clarence,
Pins, Eugene and John. of near
Shelbina. Also two brothers and
three sisters. The brothers are
Martin and Frank. Of Shelbina, and
Mrs Seward near this city, Mrs.
Mary Drake Of Quincy and Miss
Betty Buckman near Shelbina.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1917-09-28
A Narrow Escape.

One day last week a man by the
name of G. I. Carmichael was dig
Ring trenches for tiles in the Rine
hart ranch. when the loose earth
caved in on him. covering him in a
ten foot ditch
He was buried alive from ten
O'Clock 10 the morning until four in
the afternoon, when he was dis
covered by Mr. Jansen. There was
just enough opening in the earth
for him to obtain air. When found
ne could not move and had given
up hopes OF being rescued. He is
able now to be out and around
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1917-09-28

D. NJ Childress. farmer living
near Hunnewell, has been harvest
ing bis broom corn the past few
weeks and has a force of II men at
work. He had in 100 acres and
estimated his yield to be about %
ton and has been offered $500 per
ten.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1917-09-28
Why We Are At War.

Germany has forced America, as
1t has forced practically the entire
world. to defend itself by arms. We
are fighting this war because Ger
many made war upon US. Ameri-
ca is apeaceful Nation; we have
no lust for conquest. mo desire for
annexation of territory: we are de-
lending ourselves against Germany
because the Imperial German Gov
eminent entered upon a program
which meant the destruction of all
American institutions
When we finally recognized that
Germany was waging war upon US
we bad seen more than 225 Amer
leans. among them many women
and children, killed by German sub
marines; hospital ships had been
sunk and unforlified towns had been
bombed and bombarded Medals
had been struck in honor OF the
sinking Of the Lusitania, the mur-
derous act by which so many of our
men, women aud children, lost their
lives. German officials had treated
the United States, a neutral nation.
as an enemy Strikes were organ
ed in this country, plants we're
blown up, pro German publications
were founded and subsidized, and
hatred of America was systematical-
ly sought to be inculcated among
our foreien.b born inhabitants. Every
effort was made to involve US in
trouble with Japan and Mexico.
Our repeated protests were met
with promises and explanations
which we're little better than insults.
The Imperial German Govern
ment finally proclaimed the unre-
stricted destruction of neutral-ships
upnu the high seas 1t was the no.
utication TO the United States that
our people were no longer sovereign
md that if they would sail the seas
in safety we must conform to con-
ditions laid down bya Government
that defied international law, hu-
manity, and elemental morality.
A policy of terrorism has been
Systematically applied by the I'm
perial German Government since
the outbreak of the European war.
Treaties that stood in the way of
German milltaristic plans have
been disreearded. women and chill
1ren have been treated with inde-
brutality, the noblest
works of art have been destroyed,
and prisoners have been abused and
naltreated and civilian populations
nassacred and deported.
This is why America has gone
nto this war in defense of Ameri-
IAN rights. To have done anything
Else would have been to surrender
,ur sovereignty, and we would have
'een forced in the end to fight
,onscienceless and rapacious mill
ary autocracy-a anautocracy which
s in this war avowedly for indem-
lities. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. and the con-
rol Of the world. Our success
means that our children and our
,hildren's children will be able to
'njoy peace.
III tho u.,ar fooohac fhip danaraf.nD
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1917-09-28

II the war teaches this generation
economy, frueality and seli-denial
it will have accomplished some
good. Riotous extravasance and
the absence Of all thrift is the rule
with the rising generation. They
know not the meaning Of sacrifice
and self.denial They want their
whim eratified and cry for the man
in the moon. This laxity of living
begets dishonesty. Frugality is the
hsndmaiden OF the man who pays
his debts.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1917-09-28

Mrs. jim Hawkins and little
daughter, Virginia. who have been
visiting at the home of Tom Haw-
kins in this city. left Saturday for
their home in Des Moines, Iowa.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1917-09-28

The United State Army. not
counting drafted soldiers. now num-
bers over 100000 men 1t is not
known outside of official circles in
Washington. how many of these
men are already in France. but il is
safe to say that there are enough
over there today to do things and
they will do them when the psyche
logical time comes.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1917-09-28

L. R Wolf and daughters. Mazo
ard Allie, Of this city and Lawrence
Wolf of LaPlata, Mo, motored near
Philadelphia Sunday. and were
guests at the home OF C, E. Webb
and wife.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1917-09-28

Misses Ruth Hoar, Lois Hawkins.
Carolyn Jackson, Grace Turner and
Messrs. Bailey Turner. Dwight
Delashmutt. Robert Hoard and
Oscar Hawkins attended the Shell
bina fair Friday.
Monroe City Democrat. (Monroe City, Mo.) 1888-1919, 1917-09-28

Miss Virginia Fields teacher al
Granville. spent over Sunday with
her mother. at this place.
The Marietta journal and courier. (Marietta, Ga.) 1909-1918, 1917-08-24
OF "BIY IN MARlET1As Observation-Disclosures

= 9eTIes Vi "BlY IN ditorias--nl.n7Fer
Who Is The Home Merchant!
Sans ugC Company
The HOME MERCHANDISING is he?
He the man who gives credit when you are fnan
to pay
tt IS the who gives you back money or makes
exchanges when satisfied what you have
bought
Hi the who stands back of his guarantee makes
restoration of all losses you goods you buy from
him.
HE is the man who meets you at the door with hand
shake and lets out with message the kids"
come again" goodbye
He is the who takes neighborly you your
family and your affairs
HE is the whose clerks live in Marietta spend
money with you and other people of the city
HE is the who pays heavy taxes help support the
schools build and maintain the police and fire depart
mens and other public institutions He helps support
churches and other charitable organizations.
HE is the HOME merchant YOUR neighbor--YOUR friend
YOUR helper in the time of need
Don't you YOU realize that every dollar you send
of town goes strangers who spend here
BE FAIR TO THE HOME MERCEANTS--your friend and -
neghbor--BUY in Marietta at all times
cnhahs Pharmacy saaGs Urdwaeo Company
ihandPU Z Fh De T. hmgG1 Comma
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-15
THF. ROCK ISL AND EPISODE
AS MIR. AMSTER SEES IT
Crusader for Stockholders Rights Holds That Escape
Railroad from Reorganization Mill Fonts Way to
Better Methods Of Corporate financing

the insiders-the elect of u. n
Street coterie. These too seldo,, :, !.
any securities in the uniforms.
company which is on the orsr,s,'
table awaiting the reorVani,,.'
surgeon. A plan of reOrgaDi,s''
is put forth, generally calling 4,
scaling down Of securities or sh.'
assessment. Deposit of secur;,.. |
called for under the usual d,,,'
agreement, which practically M,
fers the ownership TO them.
If any security holder rei,., u.
consent to the reorganizatio, n,
he is usually driven into subri,s.,
by threats or through a mock ;,
of the property. The reorgapi,,s-
generally takes place as planre6 +,
the committees, and when conrly.
it is always discovered that n. g..
people who were responsible "a, 4.
company's troubles are again !, :,
troll.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-15

+ Carver thus flies in the face OF
every sound principle Of finance,
which is that in proportion as the
war continues more and more ought
TO be raised by taxation and less and
less, relatively, by loans.
In conclusion, it may be repeated
that Professor Carver has been
singularly unfortunate in his expo
sition. He has raised the wrong
issue; he has tilted against puppet
of straw of his own creation, and ne
has shown in his detailed replies
that. however eminent he may be
as an economist, he has devoted but
little attention to the problems or
public finance. Above all, however,
he is to be censured for using
epithets in lieu of arguments. When
he speaks of the "slacker's method
he is thereby attempting to create
popular prejudice against prin-
ciple which is not only accepted by
the foremost authorities in public
finance in this country, but which
commends itself to the sound judg-
ment of the business community. To
call your adversary or his opinions
names is unworthy business for
-
scientist. The decision of the nice
points involved in the problem OF
loans versus taxes will depend, not
upon abuse, but upon argument, and
the arguments will be those, not
alone of the speculative economist,
but of the technical fnancier In
practice the decision has already
been reached in this country. The
answer that has been given is, for
tunately, adverse to the contention
Of Professor Carver.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-15
Investment Borrowing
Adjusted to Income

The third point is that excessive
taxes on incomes will interfere with
the success of the war loans. The
cheap reply, made by Professor Car
yer, that the more you raise by taxes
the less you will have to raise by
loans. does not meet the point at all.
1t ignores two facts. Loans to the
government are made either out of
funds withdrawn from other invest
ments or out Of the surplus Of cur
rent income available for fresh in
vestment, or out of proceeds bor-
rcwed from the banks. An excessive
tax on incomes inevitably affects the
second and third sources. If the
taxes are 50 high as 10 discourage
industry they will obviously dry up
the source of future incomes and
thus deplete to that extent the sur
plus which would otherwise be avail
able for future loans. There will
then be nothing left for the intend
ing investor to do except to borrow
from the bank. But here also there
will be an inevitable shrinkage. 1t
is a truism that for every dollar Of
cash there are generally three or
four dollars of credit. If capitalist
borrows from a bank, the amount of
his credit will be in a certain pro-
portion to his estimated earnings.
When he goes to the bank to borrow
for war loan, every dollars d.
intuition Of his prospective income
will cause several dollars decrease in
the amount which he thinks it pru-
dent to borrow. If, therefore, his in
come tax is so high as seriously to
deplete his investing surplus, it will
cause a far greater falling off in the
amount that he can subscribe to the
government loan. Excessive taxes on
incomes will, therefore, interfere
with the loan policy. Moreover, they
will also interfere with the tax
policy. If Professor Carver were to
consult some Of the tax experts in
the country he would find that they
would all seriously deprecate rate
Of income tax over 40 or 30 per
cent for fear of breaking down the
whole delicate tax machinery. He
has evidently no fears on this score.
Professor Carver's reply TO the
fourth point, that excessive taxes on
incomes would check the flow Of
philsnthropic contributions, is far
from convincing. Why is not the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-15
nv EDWIN r. A. SELIGMAN
Professor of Economics in Columbia
University

"A letter TO the EdiiorJ
NWING to absence in the woods
~ yesterday to the article, IN
YOUR issue of Sunday, June "a, by my
friend Professor T. y. Carver on the
question Of war taxation. While |
have in general high respect for any
thing that Professor Carver writes,
and while | frankly concede that the
point of view which | take in this
controversy will naturally be dis
puted by some, the contribution OF
Professor Carver appears to me to
be distinctly below the level of his
usual work. For it can, | think, be
shown, first, that he confuses the
issue; second, that he misrepresents'
unconsciously, of course, my posi-
ton, and, third, that he fails square
" to meet my arguments.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-15

in taking the s3O,OOO,OO0 new 7
Der cent preferred stock for cash
have placed the company in an IN
dependent financial condition and re-
leased it from the pressure to when
certain Wall Street financial instltu-
tions have seen fit to subject 1t dur
ing the past three years; pressure
that was renewed whenever note
had to be renewed, despite the fact
that the collateral securing the notes
was always from so per cent to 90
per cent in excess Of the loans.
cite these facts not in criticism
but as evidence of the undue influ-
ence and power that Wall Street
fnanciers and bankers have, for good
or evil, over corporations in this
country.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-15

~ EVELAIlONS OF the use lhaC
X the Germans have made OF
intimate information about
other countries industries obtained
through their international insurance
connections have brought another in
stance of practical objection TO the
free decentralization of institu-
tions of commerce that offset the UNI
doubted worldwide economies which
conduct of business, regardless Of ma
tional boundary lines, would have II
we knew the millennium was here.
The experience with international in
surance is bound to strengthen the
disposition that the wars other ex-
periences has brought forth here and
in England, the disposition to en-
phasize nationality in commerce, to
build up every nations industries
into a position of independence, not
withstanding the plausible peace
time economies of letting other ma
tions furnish cheap facilities of
strategic Importance, and to make
the commercial internationalism of
the future a matter of friendly
reighborliness of Independent ma
tons, rather than a kind of socialism
Of nations.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-15
System Saved from
Being Dismembered

The result, as is now well known,
has been that the Rock Island sys-
tenn was saved for the stockholders
and was not dismembered. The
property was not sold under the re-
funding mortgage, as was planned
by the so-called refundlng committee,
and aside from the debenture bond
holders changing their bonds into
6 per cent preferred stock there
were no changes and none of the
customary scaling down of securi-
ties. The stockholders remain in
control of their property, retaining
their full equity in the old stock,
and have received good 7 per cent
security for the new money in
vested. | am sure this will have a
farreaching effect in encouraging
other stockholders in the future to
do likewise.
The transition OF the Rock Island
from its recent alleged bankrupt con-
dition to its present well financed,
prosperous condition has, been
brought about by the simple process
of the stockholders taking the place
of the unfriendly banker. They did
so by buying their own company's
Z per cent preferred stock, and
this purchase enabled tho Rock ISL
and to liquidate its floating debts and
release about s40,OO0,0O0 of good
marketable bonds for treasury pur-
poses.
In other words, the stockholders
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-15

ming of a war-yet as matter OF
principle there seems to be a great
difference. It is, however, not so
great as Professor Carver repre-
SCENTS. What he calls the sound
theory is that the government should
raise as much as possible by taxation
and borrow only as a supplementary
measure. In contrast to this is the
theory which he characterizes as less
sound-that the war should be
financed as far as possible by loans,
and that taxes should be increased
only in order to pay the necessary IN
terest on these loans. That there IS
such a theory | concede. 1t is the
theory that was followed by Secre-
tarv Gallatin in the war with Eng
land and by Secretary Chase in the
Civil War. But il is not my theory
Nor is the theory held by any proml-
rent statesman VI pNDiiNi'V "N '''N
present time in the United States.
1t disappeared from the science OF
finance over twenty years ago, when
Professor Henry c. Adams pub
lished his notable book on the sub
ject. My theory, which goes even
further than that Of Professor
Adams, bears little resemblance to
the one proposed by Professor Car
yer. The theory, as stated clearly IN
the first paper that wrote, is that
in the first year of the war the gov
crnment must raise by taxation a
sum to cover not only the interest on
the new loan. but an amortization
quota so calculated as to sink the
debt in a relatively short time-say,
ten or fifteen years. To do this Is
not to levy light taxation. On the
contrary, it means levying a heavier
burden of taxation than has ever
been imposed by any country IN the
world.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-15
Dangers of International
System To Be Corrected

The dangerous feature of interna-
tional insurance, as it has been re-
vealed, is the intimate knowledge of
industrial and other plants in one
country the system enables the COM
panies Of another country to obtain.
In the case Of large establishments,
very elaborate plans and collections
of photographs, accompanied by full
descriptions, have been exchanged.
There is reason TO believe that this
material has been put to full use by
the enemy in Gripping American
plants.
The advantages in a continuation
Of international business, direct and
through reinsurance, are so great
that every effort will be made to cor
rect the danger and continue the
system. The intricate connections Of
before the war were so closely
woven that Great Britain found it
necessary to make an exception of
insurance in administering the
trade with the enemy" act to the
extent of permitting the carrying
out of contracts. But British insur-
ance companies were warned that it
would be regarded summary Of
fence against the realm if informa-
ton were found to have got to the
enemy, even indirectly.
A large amount of reinsurance by
treaty with British companies has
heretofore been done without inter-
change Of detailed information. The
British companies would accept the
responsible judgment of foreign
company as to the character of the
risk. 1t is not unlikely that inter-
national reinsurance will necessarily
be done on this basis in the future.