davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1917-12-02

would tend 10 snow tnat the ne OF
Mr.. Merchants wife is rather less COM
plete than the life of Mrs. Doctor:
"a doctors wife has certain duties TO per-
fc I'm unknown 10 merchants wife. She IS
restricted socially because II she hobnobs
with people who are not her husbands pa
tients the latter will feel sighted, and
sooner or later her husband will realize tho
mistake his wife is making. She must re-
member the faces Of all her husbands pa
tients so that she may not slight any Of them
when she meets them, but she must forget
their respective diseases provided she has
heard about them from husband who has
been, perhaps, too communicative on the
subject She must not thrust herself too
prominently into the limelight Of publicity.
since by doing so she will initiate against
her husbands success, for before long sons
sympathetic patient Of the weaker sex, or
some sympathetic patient OF the sterner'
sex with decided proclivities 10 gossip, will
remark the husbands frayed collar, a spot
or two on his coat, his wan looks, which can
not possibly be due to any other cause than
TO the fact that his wife IS negecting her
household duties-hence ais underfed ap-
pearance. In a word, the social side Of her
life is one of constant restrictions born or
what the little world of constant prattle con-
ceives 20 be her sphere Of activity"
New-York tribune., 1917-12-02

~ NOVEMBER occurred the 223d an
r;versarv of the birth of FRANCOIS
/ ,f.rio Arouet-or, calling him by the
.~o familiar name Of his own adoption
,,I.a;re-French philosopher, historian
s~,ratist born at Paris on November 2l'
1894. ~,
--,,o vorv fulncss and unevenness Of Vol
.o;ro's life would make the mere chroni-
.,;,o of IFS vicissitudes a stupendous task
IN, srst thing that seems TO have infu-
o..o5 his career TO any extent was his
;,+-o5uc,ion by his godfather, the Able
40 Cbateauncuf, to the we'll known coterie
~ the Temple, Of which the grand prior
yord5me was the head. Intended by his
f,,ber 70 be a lawyer, Voltaire, his mind
cot On literature as profession, rebelled'
a. ,,,on+y he was mingling with the mem
l.-s ~ an even more famous group, the
a.orrt of Sceaux." the circle of the
Dycbesse du Maine. For helping to com
nose Iampoons on one Of the objects Of the
l,.bess's hatred. the Regent Orleans, Vol
,.i~s was exi.ed in 1916. Upon his return
bo fell under suspicion of having been con-
.,~res I'm the composition Of two other
rI..,s and was sent 20 the Bast.le. There
no rorasr the tragedy Of "Gdipe' 90 which
D.. had written several years before be-
.... .ho -Herriade." and altered his name.
further exile succeeded the imprison-
mon. and though upon his return Voltaire
was admitted 20 an audience with the Re
cen. and graciously treated, he was not
trusted
IN 1921 his father died. leaving him an
income Of more than 1000 liyres year,
which was soon increased by pension
from the Regent Of half Of that amount.
After the death Of the Regent Voltaire
made another useful friend in the Duke
of Richeleu. with whom he passed two
wears. writing the comedy Of "Llndis-
rret7 and cour1ing the Queen, the min
is.srs the favorites and everybody who
seemed worth while. Toward the end Of
1875 p quarrel with the Chevalier de
Eobar ended in ,Voltaire's being sent to
the bastllle AGAIN anu HIS s"0''f f"o''' '''-
ishmert 10. England.
This visit 10 England exercised a great
influence on his future career. As George
Sa.ntsbury puts It IN his biography OF
Voltaire, he had been "an elegant 'r'ller'
an adept IN the forms OF literature popular
ia French society. lie returned
from that visit one Of the foremost llt-
ersry men .a Europe. with views, II not
profound or accurate, yet wide and acute
on all 'ef groaar eyets' and with soma
stock OF money. e.. International
Jealousy was pleased at the thought ol
welcoming distinguished exile from
French ilHhcul.y.
In the spring Of lI2S, admitted TO Farls
again, he returned full Of literary proJects'
With two Of these Charles Nj and the
"Lettres Phliosophiques sur les Anglals'
he had great aiiiiy'-ties' "ilh oo'n nc
'ooh care TO AVOID 'N' 'e''S'i s'''p' '0'
talre had' more thah any oVheI man "Ho
ever H'eI' "eco'dlhg 10 MI 0"'i'''Oui ''-' -
the aliii'l ana lhe "-i'i's.'eS9 ~ 9'yop
New-York tribune., 1917-12-02
Caucasian Animal Types Mixed

Africa. Persia is also responsible for
the proud mountaineers' fondness for
chicken; our European ancestors got their
roosters at some time during the historic
period Finally the famous Caucasus
sheep took one day their departure from
the broad plains situated between Persia
tnd the Caspian Sea.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-02

their red shirts and top-boots, have the air
ci people who till the soil.
"Set in such frame, itself at all points
SC strange in shape and color, the kremlin
4; nd the churches, with their glttering domes,
on which the symbolical Russian cross has
made footstool of the crescent, are but the
last in a series of shocks with which the
inexhaustible city grevts one. All Moscow
is distorted by eccentricity; the hand of
New-York tribune., 1917-12-02

nadman is visibly upon it. Not only the un-
fortunate architect, but, | doubt not, the in
oalculable brain of Ivan the Terrible, gave
it's insane discordancy to the church of Vas
silly Blajenny, and that church, with its
vegetable nightmare, its frantic falseness, its
rapt disequilibrium, as of dancing dervish
whirled at last into ixity, is but the extreme
symbol of all that attempts to be elaborate
or ornate in Moscow"
New-York tribune., 1917-12-02

Euery life has its potentiality Of
greatness, and, as il is impossible TO
be outside God, the best is consciously
10 dreU in Him.-Amtsl.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-02
Wife'S Mustn'ts
and DOn'tS

TIME following extract from an edi'
torial in Medicine and Surgery
- would tend to show that the life OF
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-04-16
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course. other towers are sprinkled along both Atlantic and Pacific coasts for commercial and government serv- ice, but they are neither so gigantic in size nor as powerful in equipment.
 What It Means To Build A Radio
 Station.
 The general scheme of construction of all radio stations is the same. How ever, from such variety of form and size as, these towers reveal, 1t is to be presumed that a great difference of opinion exists among authorities as to what constitutes a most efficient plan for them. This is bound to be true; whenever we penetrate the intricacies of any construction which concerns that subtle and elusive quantity-elec- tricity-opinion invariably differs.
 Though the steel beams, which con- stitute the tower, are used solely to support the aerial wires, some author ities insist that it is preferable to use a small framework supported by wide-stretching wire rope guys be- cause it absorbs less energy. Since great height has been found indispens- able for long distance work, it has been practically decided that the self supporting type of tower is the best for many reasons. It takes up less ground space and insures less loss of
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-04-16

fact that France and Germany are in a legal dispute over it's ownership.
 At Sayville, N. Y., are four towers Tor daily communication with Nauen, 4ermany Each tower is 400 feet in he1ght. These two stations represent the sole means of direct telegraphic communication which this country has with Germany, due to the fact that the German cable was cut at the be- ginning of the European War.
 South Wellsf1eet, Mass, has four towers. each 250 feet high, which con- municate nightly with ships at sea at a limit of 1900 miles out. These towers and those of the first high powered station erected in this coun- try mark an important step in the de- Velopment of wireless for the famous
 was transmitted from this point and heard on the other side. After the erection of these towers at South Wellsfeet, those at Sayville and Tuck erton followed. Then came the eleven towers at Bolinas, California, all 400 feet high, for commercial communi- cation with Honolulu. At Belmar, N J., are six receivino masts, each 433 feet high. At 'I~ahuku, Hawaii, is a mighty station at which twelve trans hitting masts each 473 feet highlcar 32 aerial wires 5000 feet long These are the real giants of the country: of
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-04-16
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new activity in remarkable line of construction. Hitherto. we have re- marked upon the size of the Eiffel Tower at Paris with bated breath and upon that of the Washington Monu- ment at our own capital with awe: but nowadays. we hear with eoua- nimity that new wireless station is to be erected in South America which will have towers of even greater height.
 Verify, wonders will, never cease. Gulliver in the land of the Brobdinp- nagians was not more surprised at the hugeness and massiveness of eyerv thing he saw than the average Ameri- can citizen may be when he views the great edif1ces which are being reared by his own government to support the international spokesmen which have revolutionized the art of long-distance communication.
 One of the greatest building opera tions in which our industrious Uncle Sam is engaged at present is the erec- tion of a chain of high-powered radio stations. The links of this chain, when all are completed, will give vessels in both oceans a direct communication with all of our con- tinental and insular cities. The Ar lington towers at Washington are the primary link in this chain. The oth- CTS. all in course of construction. are
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-04-16

at San Diego, California; Pearl liar bor, Hawaii, the Island of Guam and Cavite in the Philippines. All are be- ing constructed on the general plan of the Arlington station, with the ex- ception of those on the Island of Guam.
 Proportions Of The Chain.
 Think for a moment what such a chain means. The mere statement in figures of their proportions signifies little; the mere statement of their electrical power is equally unillumina- tive to the lay mind Suffice to say that they will rank among the highest edifices in the world and that they will permit direct communication from ArIington-the base of the ad ministrative offices of the naval radio service-to our far-off island depend ency.
 The Giant Of Today.
 Many towers besides those men, toned are to be found in the United States, which qualify for the giant class. The facts about them are sur prising enough to satisfy any wonder loving individual. The highest is at Tuckerton, N. J., where daily com munication is carried on with Eilvese, Germany. Here a single tower, 800 feet high, scars aloft. The naval radio service of the United States has charge of the --ork at Tuckerton due to the
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-04-16

serious internal troubles and the line of Rurik became extinct. When Boris Godounor was assassinated, pretend CTS then cropped up and one who de- clared himself to be the. son of Ivan the Terrible by his seventh wife came to the throne. Ivan's son was sup posed to have been murdered when a child and the people never knew ex- act1y who this man was or from whence he came, except that he brought Polish money and Polish sol- d1ers, and ruled we'll, meeting out Justice to both rich and poor alike. But the people did not like the Polish influence at court and he was assas- slnated, as well as many of the Polish noblemen who were his friends.
 Russia was again threatened by the Poles on one side and the barbarians on the other, and 'the people, seemed to have relapsed into state of apathy until a butcher and a country squire succeeded in rousing them to sort of nationalism and the Poles were driven out.
 Beginning Of The Romanoffs.
 Finally Mikhail Romanoff. the six teen-year-old son of the metropolitan Philaret, was elected Czar. He was the beginning of the present Romanoff dynasty, which has been in power for more than three hundred years. Dur ing his reign the people suffered from religious prosecutions and hundreds went to martyrdom.
 After Mikhail's death his son suc- ceeded and as was usual with the Rus sian rulers married unwisely and bribery and corruption ran riot in his court. The peasants and citizens were taxed beyond all reason. Then the people rebelled and hundreds were
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-04-16

were coming into thelr own and that rebellions were over. Anarchy. how ever. was not dead and Alexander the Liberator met his death at the hands of an assassin on March 1, 1SS1..
 Unhappy Relgn Of Nicholas II.
 In 1896 Nicholas the Second his son was crowned. His coronation was marred by an accident in which three thousand persons were killed. being crushed to death on the field of Kho- dynka. It is said that the new Czar himself unpopular in the beginning of his reign which ended short time ago. Anarchy began to show it's red flag once more and coupled with this came the disastrous Russo-Japanese war.
 On January the fifth, 1905. came the great Red Sunday calamity. Led by Father Gapon twenty thousand un- armed workmen marched to the win ter palace to ask for political and civil rights. Almost before the:- knew what was happening machine guns were turned on them and hundreds were killed. Again the Car had oHOWH HIS OlSllk0 TOT the common peO- pie and they in turn organized so- cieties against the government. These spread over the land and riots and strikes followed. Programs in which hundreds of helpless Jews were mur- dered followed and the world looked on aghast at the or-y of blood. Final ly in 1906 the Duma assembled and for time the revolutionists were quiet. Then the Duma was dissolved and there was a revolution and m1- tiny in Sveaborg, a mutiny in Kron- stadt and a revolution in Sevasta pol. These were followed by the assa ssina- tion of Prime Minister Stolypin and perfect riot of executions. In 1907 the second Duma met only to meet the same fate as the first.
 All this time revolution smouldered and when Russia entered the great war in 1914 it was almost ready for the overthrow of Nicholas the Seconds regime. Now it has come and the people of Russia claim that they will be rid of the interfering pro-German Czarina as well as have something to, say as to their rights. Bureaucracy Is not, easy to throw off in day after ii has been the rule for centuries and whether Russia is ready for this new form of government at the present time remains to be seen.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-04-16
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Real money goes into their construc- tion and plenty of it. Maintenance is also large item, though this is more than repaid by the safety insured to ships at sea and by the convenience Of direct communication with all points of the globe. a& 4a&s !58. The cost of tower depends on It's type. but those like Arlington, and these are favorites cost in the neigh borhood of s5O,000 each. The rate per word for a wireless message through Sayville or Tuckerton Is fifty cents which includes delivery to any part of Germany The Bolinas rate per word is twenty-five cents to Honolulu. Dis tance. it will be seen, is gauge for rates in wireless as well as in ordi- nary telegraphy.
 Tn June, Commander D. W. Todd U. s. N, was given the superintend- ency of the naval radio service, sue ceedin- Captain W. H. Bullard. U. s. N. The naval radio service has had its name changed and will hereafter be known as the naval communica- tion service:" and all systems. radio, telegraph and cable. will he accounted for by it. The duties formerly as- signed to the superintendent of the naval radio service will be performed by Commander Todd under the title. "Director of Naval Communication" The New Plan -or Interlocking The
 Americas.
 There is 9 plan af1oat to interlock every portion of South America with the United States by means of high powered radio stations. It Is in line with the general desire to promote closer social and business relations be- tween this country and Latin America. At the last Pan-American Scientific Congress, preliminary steps were taken to combine the radio services of all the American republics into "r~ homogeneous system. A plan O. cofn- munication was developed by the U. S. naval radio service. which has been presented to the various countries. An committee will shortly meet in Washington to consider the suggestions. New zone stations are proposed which will have communi- cation with other distributing stations and these in turn will communicate with the local stations of the various countries. Any place that has tele- graphic communication can be and the whole system win h-~ interIoclAA
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-04-16
How for Centuries This Nation Has Been Involved In Disturbance and Intrigue Hundreds of Its
 People Have Died Fighting for Their Rights.
international Syndicate.

SynQlcaCe. .Ira-, came to the throne and while he ruled with an iron hand his enterprising policy toward foreigners attracted col onists and during his reign many small towns were built. A man of physical courage he was lacking in self-control, and many a subject disappeared" when they dared to question his au- thority.
 Overrun By Mongols.
 From the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Centuries the country was one of un- rest, for during this period the land was laid waste by the Mongols. The invasion of Belgium was outdone by these barbarian hordes. who swept over Russia with a vast army, and during their march it is said that five millions of people were either killed or taken prisoners and sold as slaves. Three times the country was invaded by the Mongols.
 The land tenure system so common in Russia today was organized during those dreary days-a system which made the burden greater for the peas ants as their farms were made to con- sist of little strips of land. sometimes half a mile apart, and when they worked for the Boyars, as the rich people were known, they received a mere pittance for wages.
 It was at this period that Alexander Nevsli appeared. He was the Prince of Novogorod, and Russia still cher ishes his memory as the man who stemmed the tide of Mongol invasion and who did all in his power to light ep the burdens of the people Prince Dmitri was the first ruler who dared to interfere with the Russian church, but when the metropolitan of Moscow fled before the Mongols the Prince de- posed him for cowardice in not mak-,
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-04-16

His son became Alexander the First at the age of twenty-four. Ii was during his regime the Russians de- clared that the regeneration of their land was commenced for he brought about better understanding between peasant and landowner He even cor responded with George Washington on the subject of the American Constitu- tlon hoping to gain a knowledge >of the rights of the people from this doc ument- He introduced advanced edu- cation and scholarships for poor chill dren. vacillating cabinet. however, prevented him from doing more for the people and he died at the age of forty-eight with only a few of his wishes as to his countrymen's welfare fulfilled.
 Decemberist Revolution.
 It was during the reign of Nicholas the First that the famous Decemberist mutiny broke out. The 14th of De- cember had been appointed as the day upon which the soldiers were to mu- tiny against the new Czar. The ruler knew of the conspiracy and had guards mounted ready to meet it. And the flowers of the Russian army were either killed or imprisoned. The con- spirators were put to death or sent to Siberia. They were men of all ranks, including princes, barons, generals. colonels and peasants. The bodies of five of the most noted men were al- lowed to hang in full view of the pop ulace for an entire day as an example of the fate of conspirators. Many of the wives of the convicted men fol- lowed them to Siberia declaring that their husbands were martyrs to a po- litical idea. It was terrible experi-' ence to the new Emperor and had a disastrous effect on the people. There were wars without and :. revolutions within and when he died his legacy was disturbed and discontented na- ton.
 When Alexander the Second came to the throne he was filled with the idea of great reforms and the air was ladened with ideas of emancipation. One of his first acts was to grant amnesty to the people who were be- ing, punished for the Decemberists' mutiny. He also remitted over-du taxes and abolished the hated mili- tary colonies. A new era set in and when the Car abolished serfdom the whole land rejoiced and the, atmos- phere was one of hope that the people
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-04-16

killed by the Czar's soldiers. Foreign CTS came to the city and one section soon became known as the German suburb. These people intermarr1ed with the Russians and their descend ants are today the German influence in Russia.
 After ten years of misrule Peter the Great, came to the throne and be- came one of the great rulers of his- tory. The record of his reign is we'll known. He gained the confidence of the people by lessening the burdens of taxation. He went among them disguished as peasant and found out their needs. He learned wisdom from other rulers-in short his reforms were far ahead of the times. Peter the Second came into power and was followed by Anna Ivanovna. This royal lady seems to have taken Ivan the Terrible as her model, for her cruelty to her subjects knew no bounds. Again rebellion was threat ened. A German party had grown up to some influence in court circles but during the reign of the Empress Elizabeth this party fell into disrepute and she turned the German nobility out of court Peter the Third was an indolent licentious man and his rule brought little joy to Russia.
 Paul the First was the next ruler. He at once began to reverse a nu,nber of reforms made by his mother, Cath crime, who ruled thirty-three years. and as usual there was trouble. AL ways of suspicious nature he lived in terror of assassination and turned his palace into a5veritab1e fortress, but even -ith this precaution he was strangled to- death when he refused to sign an abdicationi to the throne
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-04-16
Copyright, 1917, by The

4 e a
 N the Russian Empire there has
 been for centuries feeling of dis
 content which has exhibited itself
 on many occasions, only to be met with the overpowering hands of an au- tocratic government. Notwithstanding the rule of merciless bureaucracy, and in spite of the espionage of | 8 cruel and relentless police. there has existed for long time an under current of revolt against the Roman off dynasty and tyranny which has been gaining strength and popular support in the face of the Severe pun ishments which have followed the numberless prosecutions of political of lenders. Each struggle has advanced their cause and the light of education and advantage of communication with other peoples increased their deter mination to have a voice in their government and some say as to the laws under which they should live
 Early Troubles. [
 In. tLa earliest history of Russia one finds not only dissension among the people but in the family of the rulers. for as far back as 955 the son of Igor and Olga was treacherously murdered by some member e. his family after his mother had abdicated in his favor. The principallty was then di- vided among his three sons who op- pressed the people and quarrelled con- tinuously among themselves until 980, when Vladimir the Great, the young est son. became the sole ruler. After his death his sons Quarrelled and again the country was in an uproar. The people clamored for reform at least in the system of succession but nothing was done.
 Finally in 1157 Andre Yurievitch