Norwich bulletin., 1917-09-04

| important fortress and rendered val | uabie aid to the Polish kings in times of stress. In return forz it's loyalty l many special privileges were granted l to it's citizens. An old castle is a, re- | hinder Of those important days. NO one who values a salubrious | climate would ever select Tarnopol as a place of abode. for the extremes of temperature are very severe. Like all Galicia. it Is exposed to the north = | ern and northeaster nwinds in winter,
 but is cut off by the Carpathians from warm southeriy winds. As a result the winters are very trying with an l abundance of snow: the springs are very rainy. the summers short and hot. Only the autumns show any "steadiness' Of weather. The mean annual temperature is less than 12 de- grses above freezing"
 Kamenctz- Podoisk. - The National Geographic society issues the follow
 netz-Podolsk. one of the important cities in the line of the Austro- German n
 advance on the southeastern front:
 With a population of 5Oo00, fully one-haf of which is Jewish, Kame-
 nets -Podolsky is the capital and chief
 town of the Russian province of Podo-
 lia. It is 235 miles northwest of Odes- Sa and is built upon a lofty peninsula formed by a bend in the River Smot- rttch, an unimportant tributary of the Dniester-
 ''Kamenetz-Podolsk or Podolian Kamenets as it is also called lives largely in the glories of it's past. The frowning castle on the height across the Smotritch is a formidable looking reminder of the days when it was one of the great strongholds in Poland
 The city was almost completely de- stroyed in 1240. when the Mongals, led ing the kingdom into a wilderness and driving all the inhabitants to the mountains of Hungary or the forests of Moravia. Kacow and Sandomir the hands of the invaders. and when the barbarian bands finally disappear ed, almost as suddenly as they had come. the country was almost com pletely depopulated. so that the Polish gentry found it necessary to import artisans and handicraftsmen from the west to rehabilitate the land. This in Tux Of highly intelligent and indus trious middle class had much to do with the subsequept prosperity of the
 .'In addition to its castle Kamenetz- Podolsk boasts of several religious structures dating from the medieval period. One of the most interesting of SS. Peter and Paul dating from the 11th century. One of the striking fea7 lures of this edifice is a. minaret which proclaims the fact that it was / Turkish invasion of 1672-99. A Cath ollie Armenian church. founded in the 14th century, contains a statue of the Virgin Mary which was miraculously spared during the Mongo1 invasion.
 Kamenetz-P -Podolsky became the chief town of Podolia nearly 800 years ago. The Cossacks, aided by Moham- med " of Turkey, captured it in 1872, but 30 years later 1t was once more a Polish city and remained such until 1t, together with. the rest of Podolia was made a part of Russia in 1795. at the time of the dismemberment of Po- land.
 Numerous small villages constitut~ the suburbs of Kamenetz-Podolsk
 Twelve miles to the south. on the right bank of the Dniester is the one time important stronghold of Khotin or Chotin, jealously watched by Ka- menetz-Podolsk in olden days The Qualifications of Kamenetz were de- molished in 1913"