davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
and African Breeds Follow Closely in Popularity
Though Their Eggs Are Occasionally Used for Cul-

layer, producing from 20 to 35 eggs a
year, is docile, grows rapidly, and
makes good market bird. However
it's dark pinfeathers make it slightly
less attractive market goose than the
Embden. These geese are very mas.
sive in proportions with short legs
The bill and feet are dark orange
color: head, neck and back of dark
gray; breast light gray, but descend
ing lighter till beyond the legs and
tail they are pure white. This COM
binat1on of colors presents a very at
tractive appearance. They live to a
good old age and are easy keepers.
The Embden, large white goose,
slightly smaller and with somewhat
longer legs than the Toulouse, is only
a fair layer and is usually less pro-
life than the Toulouse This breed
grower, and natures early. They
make good mothers and are not given
to roaming.
The African, gray goose with a
distinct brown shade, about the size of
the Embden. is a good layer and makes
a good market goose, although it has
the Objectionable dark pinfeathers. It
Is rapid grower and natures early.
There are two standard varieties OF
Chinese geese, the Brown and the
White. Both varieties mature early
and are said to be prolific layers and
rapid growers, but shy and rather
difficult to handle
The White Chinese, although not so
common as the larger varieties, are
among the best. The small size APP
peals to housewives with medium
sized families. to whom large goose
would be not only great expense but
something of a problem as we'll. A
Chinese goose when fattened for mar
ket will usually weigh about fifteen
pounds. although they can be made
to weigh twice as much. The feathers
should be carefully washed and dried.
The breeding birds can be picked
three or four times during the year.
White feathers will bring half again
as much as colored or mixed ones.
The wild goose is bred to some ex-
tent in captivity, and the young are
sold to hunters to use as decoys. The
wild gander is used to cross with
either the common or the pure bred
goose. producing the so-called Mon
grel goose. This Mongrel goose is
highly priced as a market goose, but
is sterile and can not be bred
The Egyptian goose is a small
brightly colored goose kept for orna-
mental purposes and rarely seen in
this country 1t resembles the wild
goose in shape and weighs pounds
less in each class.-H. NJ. Lamon and
A. r. Lee.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17

standard breeds there is the so-called
Mongrel goose, which is a hybrid made
by crossing one Of these varieties, or
the common goose, with wild geese.
Crosses of the varieties Of geese, es-
pecially Of the Toulouse and Embden,
are occasionally made. but without
any apparent gain. The Toulouse,
Embden, Chinese, and African are
easily the most popular breeds of
geese in this country. the first two
greatly leading the other breeds. All
economic breeds of geese are kept pri-
marily for the production Of flesh and
feathers: and although their eggs are
occasionally used for culinary purposes
on the farm, there is no demand for
them for food purposes in the mar
kets.
The Toulouse, the largest Of the
standard breeds Of geese. Is good
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17

laying sooner than If they are taken
away. Some breeders prefer to raise
all the gosiings under hens, as geese
| sometimes become difficult to manage
! when allowed to hatch and rear their
yolEg. Hens used for Matching goose
eggs must be busted with insect pow
, der and have good attention, as, in the
case of geese. the period of incubation
is longer than in that of fowls. Good
eggs may be Matched in incubators
| brooders. although this is not a COM
mon practice.
The period of incubation Of goose
eggs varies from 20 to 80 days. Moist
ure should be added to the eggs after
the first week If set under hens or in
incubators; this is usually done by
sprinkfing the eggs or the rest with
warm water. Four to six eggs are set
under hen and 10 to Is under a
goose. They may be tested about the
tenth day, and those which are in
fertile or contain dead germs should
be removed. They hatch slowly. es-
pecially under hens, and the goslings
are usually removed as soon as
Matched and kept in warm place
until the process Is over, when they
are put back under the hen or goose.
Some breeders who hatch with both
geese and hens give all the goslings
to the geese. Hens with goslings may
be confined to the coop and the gos-
lings allowed to range. The latter,
especially If the weather is cold, are
not usually allowed to go into water
until they are several days old. In
mild weather the hens are allowed to
brood the goslings for from to 10
days. when the latter are able to take
ing coops. with board floors, should be
provided for the goslings, and they
must be protected from their enemies,
and given some attention when on
range.
Feeding the Geese and Goslings.
they have a good grass range or pas
ture. as they are good grazers, and,
except during the winter months,
usually pick up most Of their living.
The pasture may be supplemented
with light feeds of the common or
! homegrown grains or wet mash daily,
the necessity and quantity of this feed
depending on the pasture. Goslings
do not need feed until they are "a to
SO hours old, when they should be
fed any of the mashes recommended
for chickens or ducklings.
Preparation for Market
Before marketing the young geese
the average farmer can feed advan-
tageously fattening ration either
while the geese are on grass ran &c or
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17

using. The separtor bowl may be
dried in a warm oven, though the
oven should not be so warm that I
will melt the tin on the bowl parts.
Setting utensils In the sun is a good
practice, as the sunshine acts as a
germicide.
Z. Keep all utensils and separator
parts dry when not in use.
s. Cool the cream Immediately
after Swimming by setting the can in
cold running water. Construct
cooling tank so that the cream will he
cooled with the water that is used to
fill the stock tank.
8. Never mix warm cream with cod
cream Cool the cream before mixing
1T with previous skimmings.
10. Do not allow the cream to freeze
in cold weather.
II. Stir the cream at least twice a
day; this will keep it smooth and free
from Jumps. Do not use wooden
paddle for a stirrer, a it is unsanitary.
- Deliver cream frequently, at
least twice week in winter and three
times a week in warm weather.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17

confined to small yards. but !. is
doubtful whether it would pay him
to confine them to individual or small
pens and make specially of fatten-
ing unless he has special market or
retail trade for we!I-fattened stock
Geese are usually killed and picked
in the same manner as other kinds Of
poultry. Some markets prefer dry
picked geese, while in other markets
no difference is made in the price Of
scalded or dry picked geese. When
feathers are to DC saved. fowls should
not be scalded but should be picked
dry before or after steaming. On
most farms where geese are raised the
feathers are plucked from the live
fowls at some time prior to moulting.
About l 1910 pounds per goose is the
average yield of feathers. Feathers
are worth from 80 cents to 800 a
pound and the picking cost per goose
is about IL cents.
Breeds.
Six breeds of geese have been adj
mitted to the American Standard of
Perfection, namely Toulouse, Embden,
Chinese, African, Wild or Canadian.
and Egyptian. In addition to the
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
STRAWBERRY GROWING HAS MADE GREAT STRIDES
Probably More sikgy
YarsTha the

locations. such as very low land near
marshes or lakes, also valleys where
there Is no chance for circulation of
ar as these localities are very liable
TO heavy frosts. when higher land or
that more open to circulation would
show little. if any. A hard frost at
blossoming time often ruins the entire
crop.
The best land one can use is a clover
field. After blowing fertilize with a
mixture Of three pounds of nitrogen,
seven pounds Of phosphoric acid and
nine pounds Of potash. using about
eight hundred pounds to the acre.
After about two or three crops the
land should be plowed up and after
one or two clover crops reset.
Just to find out what varieties of
strawberries are best adapted to ones
particular soil or climate, it is well to
visit neighboring farmers of that local
ity, and determine by their experience;
or. limited number of plants can be
tried. Setting poor plants will often
bring failure. 1t should be a rule
never to purchase any but strong,
hardy, vigorous plants.
On An acre Of rich, cultivated land,
crop Of Strawberries can be grown
that will net $500; an acre of such
land should produce at the rate of 200
bushels to the acre.. A. Bauer.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17

In the growing of the strawberry we
have the queen Of fruits, none eX-
copied And in calling them the
queen of fruits, we think it safe in
also adding that they are the earliest
of fruits, ripening their large crop of
fine dark red colored berries from ten
to fifteen days earlier than any other
kind of fruit grown. The strawberry
can be grown in any part of the
United States or Canada. and will
thrive anywhere If sufficient water is
had. And in case you haven't a plenty
of rain, you can turn water on them
from your well or water ditch, If in
the dry parts Of the United States. We
have found that they will bear as well
this way as where we have plenty of
rain; the main thing is to keep the
ground good and moist. There are
around two hundred varieties of the
strawberry grown now, to about twen-
ty varieties in 1880, but you need not
expect a good berry from all these
varieties, as many of the two hundred
are not worth planting, and l feel
safe in saying that forty to fifty varie-
ties will catch the most promising
sorts. out of this vast number.
The soil and location best adapted
to strawberry culture will vary some-
what in different sections. In a gen.
eral way we have said that any soil
that would grow good crops Of corn
or potatoes would grow good straw
berries, and while this seems to be a
pretty safe rule. it is also true that in
order to grow them to the best ad
vantage it is necessary to have the soil
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17

blend for salad oil. In the search by
manufacturers for new oils to replace
Iinseed oil for paint purposes partly
or wholly. soy-bean oil was found the
most suitable. In Europe and the
United States, paint grinders are using
large quantities of soy-bean OIL sue
cessfully in the manufacture OF cer-
tain types of paint. Other trade uses
of this oil are the manufacture OF
linoleu1l and of rubber substitute,
for which a factory has been estab-
lished in Germany.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17

tier of states, from the latter part of
February to the early part OF April.
With settings timed properly the chicks
will hatch in ample time to allow their
maturity before cold weather. The
pullets from these broods should lay
during the late fall or early winter
when eggs are scarcest.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
DUST BATH FOR FOWLS.

In every poultry house there should
be dust bath where the hens may get
rid of lice. Poultry lice breed through
pores in their sides and fine dust fills
these pores and suffocates the vermn.
Road dust, hard coal ashes or dry
dust of any kind will accomplish the
purpose.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
SUNSHINE.

Sunshine is one Of natures greatest
gifts but "the same sun which melts
wax will harden clay" Although
sunshine is of great value. for it
stimulates the fowls to greater &C
tivity and is natures disease destroyer.
yet if it is used to excess, 1t may do
great injury
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
SET THE INCUBATOR TO WORKING EARLY

The poultry raiser on farm or In the
city who wishes to produce fall and
winter eggs with by-product of
spring 'friers" should plan for the
early setting of eggs. Settings should
be made in the central group of states,
from the early part of February to
early in March: and in the northern
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
GET THE CHILDREN INTERESTED

Most boys, and nearly all girls, are
interested in the raising of new and
improved varieties of flowers and new
corn. rrain and vegetables which are
constantly being produced. The new
fruits, flowers, vegetables, grains and
grasses should be purchased and
tested in a small way, after which the
best may be retained.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
no KILL PLANT LICE.

You can't poison plant life" or
aphids by spraying. The spray which
kills so-called lice. and also scale in
sects. must be applied directly to their
bodies and kill by contact. Strong
lime sulphur will do the work. For
the tender insects with soft bodies. a
strong solution of tobacco will Kill.
them.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
The Soy Bean Oils
Haze Many Uses

The oil extracted IRON the soy bean
belongs to the semldrying clasQ of
oils; that is, these having properties
intermediate between drying oils.
such as linseed Oil and nondry'ins oils.
such as olive Oil. This oil has good
color, has but a faint odor, and is
rather palatable. In many respects
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
SEED IMPORTATION.

Only about one-haIf as much alfalfa
seed and less than one-half as much
crimson clover seed were imported
during the fiscal year 1915-16 as dur
ing either of the two previous years
Less than 10000 pounds of hairy vetch
seed were imported in 1916, whereas
100000 pounds were imported in
1914.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
GEESE PROFITABLE.

A large flock of geese pastured 4
an or ID Of any kind will bring bil
returns. They will clean up all fru'
which falls and the droppings al
very valuable about the trees. In
orchard Of ten acres, flock OF FOL
or five hundred might be kept vel
probably.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17

Here we have very small eggs, overly large
eggs. double yoked eggs eggs without any
yolk at all, rough shelled eggs, soft shelled
eggs, long eggs, round eggs, and the egg in the
center has another egg of normal size inside
of it with shell, white and yolk complete. In
side the shell of the extra large egg was an
other white and blk. Eggs :, and are
normal eggs. Very few in the entire collee-
ton are suitable for Matching purposes.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
PRODUCE PORK WITH LESS
GRAIN.

Forage crops make cheap pork, be-
cause they permit cutting the grain
allowan nee to the minimum. A system
of management which will furnish
forage thru the entire grazing season
should be planned early.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
SAFETY FIRST WHEN HITCHlNG A TEAM

While fastening the traces, always
have the lines drawn across the arm,
as otherwise there is danger of the
team becoming frightened and run
ming away. These same rules may
also be applied in unhitching the
team
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
Caring for Cream
On the Farm

BY Fl. A. RUEHE, Associate in Dairy
Manufacturers, q. Of m.
l. Keep the COWS clean.
2. Use covered milk pals.
3. Milk with dry hands.
L. Remove all milk from the barn
Immediately and separate it at once.
5. Set the separator so that 1t will
skim cream that will test from IS to
40 per cent in the winter and from
40 to As per cent in the summer.
6. Wash. scald, and dry the separa-
tor and all utensils Immediately after
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
should be kept clean and plenty OF
clean straw provided for the floor.

should be kept clean and plenty OF
clean straw provided for the floor.
Selecting and Mating.
Geese. like other kinds of poultry,
should De selected for size, prolificacy
and vitality. They should be mated
ceveral months prior to the breeding
1aasoE to obtain the best results:
therefore breeding stock should be
bought in the fall. Goose matings
are not changed from year to year
unless the results are unsatisfactory.
A gander may be mated with from one
to four geese, but pair or trio matinss
usually give the best results. The
wild gander usually mates with only
one goose. When mated, geese are
allowed to run in flocks From to
% geese may be kept on an acre of
land and under most conditions 10 is
a fair average.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
a Properly Constructed Cooling Tank,

4 Properly Constructed Cooling Tank,
/. Inlet, usually u inch pipe. 2. Wooden
trough. conducting water to within inches of
bottom. g. Sticks. holding cans in place as
shown by cut. 4. Shows position of half filed
can; run stick through handle in cover to pre-
vent it from sliding out from under the stick.
5. Shows position of can when filled. 6. Shows
position of wire which prevents the cans from
tipping. Z. Outlet, usually e-inch threaded
nipple.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17

: True economy lies in making the
fullest possible use of what IL bought
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17

One of the most valuable assets of
a country estate or a suburban prop
erty is it's treeS
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17

The farmer is the first beneficiary of
the county agricultural agea.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17

Los Angeles county has the largss
olive grove In the world.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
Incubation.

Geese are fed ration to produce
eggs during tie latter part of the
winter or SO that the goslings will be
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17

Proper and Improper Method OF
Setting Strawbcrries-Piant nj Top,
Properly Set; At Left. Too Deep: At
Right, Too Shallow.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17
THE SECRET OF RAISING GEESE SUCCESSFl

the o in
BresoG Ar and
naryP
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-17

Line Adjustment for Hitchcs.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1917-03-29
THE NEW GAME LAWS.

There Is much complaint about the
manner IN which the Idaho game laws
were 'doctored" by the legislature
No doubt the suggestions made by the
state game warden went ahead of all
other suggestions the legislature TAX
ing it for granted that the warden
knew what was best for both game and
spOrtsmen. But evidently many mis-
takes were made in fixing the law.
This was to he expected when lovers
of rod and gun were given little atten-
ton In their efforts to give Idaho a
law that would be fair to residents
and nonresidents. Mr.. Jones, state
game warden. no doubt meant well, but
why should he he set up as authority
on such matters and the suggestions of
others directly interested set aside.
The Lewiston Gun Club. is made up of
class of sportsmen who want to see
game protected and the laws rigidly
enforced. But this. and similar organ
izations In the state, were given little
attention or no attention when ii came
to revising the game laws. The game
department, it appears, was the whole
thing, and the result is Idaho has u
game law unsatisfactory in a great
many respects.-Banner.
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1917-03-29

a new location in Montana. The lat
ter left Tuesday for the country east
of the mountains and will look over
the Crow reservation country before
finally selecting new home. The
many friends of the Libbeys are sorry
to see them leave Cottonwood but wish
them the best of good fortune where
ever they may go.
Edgar Fry was in the city Tuesday
from his farm north of town and
informed us that he had just market
ed fifteen shoats that brought him a
trifie over $25 per head. The hogs
were about year old and had run on
the farm and in the stubble field until
late In the fall and had only been fed
grain during the winter and had made
almost their entire growth at very
small expense to him, hence their sale
was largely profit He says he has
something over seventy spring pigs
and hopes to receive nice sum of
money from them next winter. Mr..
Fry and wife spent most of the winter
in California and had thought at one
time of selling their farm and retiring
but after seeing how much it takes to
keep an average family in the city
they decided ii would be best to hang
with the farm a while longer
The Grangeville globe. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho) 1907-1922, 1917-03-29
SCHOOL NOTES

the final details have not been an
nounced.
Helen Green and Mamie Long were
visiting at the school building last
week.
The eighth grade will begin this
week their final review for the state
exams to be taken at the close OF the
year.
The track candidates are out near
" every afternoon now practlcing. IL
is indoors work at present but results
are sure to come as the material ana
coach are of the best.
The grade visitors this week were
Mrs. johnson in the third.
The domestic science department an
nounces that they will hold not
cross bun sale the Friday before Eas-
ter. April 6. They request that all
orders be in on April i, the Wednes-
day before. The sale is open to the
Dublic and orders can he phoned or
sent in in any way
The Bows Glee Club and Band OF
the G.. II. S. will give concert. ms
will be given in the near future ana
the public is cordially invited TO at,
tend. 1t is the first time anything OF
this kind has ever been attempted mere.
/ II will consist of songs by the Boys
Glee Club. solos and readings ana Sc
lections by the band. one of the mann
features is a mock comedy of Jullus
Caesar. The band will make its flrst
public concert appearance and they are
planning many entertaining ana inter-
esting numbers. When you come 10
the musical part of the school tIey
will assure you a good time thru the
band and glee club. Don't forget Ihe
| event.
Helen Norwood and Mae LannlLg-
ham were the hOstesses at the dolnes'ic
science luncheon last Thursday. Ihese
luncheons. started by the ID. ). depart,
ment several weeks ago, have proven
very successful in all ways botn 10 .lie
diners and the home economies sue
of the question. About seven OF elsh'
neople are served on Thursday Moons
at DC plate. 1t has been openeu ~
faculty and students
The four militia boys VINO ellteleu
school after the troop came nome az
compelled to quit owing TO the mn nm,
fairy orders. They have been III schoo'
ahout two months Those taken from
school are William Gregg, Neil Ers'
kline, Roby Lovelace and Charles lur'
npr