davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-06-24

temperature OF 100 degrees Fahrenheit
and restore carefully.
The Department Of Agriculture gives
the following general instructions in
regard to drying fruits: In very warm
climates fruits are usually dried In the
sun. For drying fruits in small guam
titles for home use only the small dr.er
is satisfactory. On very hot, dry DAYS
fruit may be dried in the sun until sur
face begins to wrinkle and then finished
in the drter. Only fresh, ripe fruits
should be used. The ideal moisture con-
tent of dried fruits is about % per cent
The ability to Judge accurately as to
when the fruit has reached the proper
condition for removal from drier can
be gained only by experience When
sufficiently dry 1t should be so dry that
1T is impossible to press water out or
the freshly cut ends of the pieces, and
will not show any of the natural grain
of the fruit on being broken, yet not SO
dry that it will snap or erackle--If
should be leathery or pliable.
Before spreading fruit on the trays
of the drier line the tray with wrapping
paper or cheesecloth, as there is pos
sibility of the acid of the fruit acting
upon the zinc. After drying cool quick
TO dry berries wash and free from
leaves and stems and remove surface
moisture. Spread in thin layer on
tray and dry slowly. Raise temperature
gradually from 10 degrees to 125 de-
grees Fahrenheit in about two hours.
Do not raise temperature higher than
100 degrees Fahrenheit until a consid-
cradle portion of moisture has evap-
GRATED. Finish drying berries at 40 de-
grees from two to three hours. 1t is
necessary to dry berries for four or ave
hours. 49,
Wash. remove surface moisture and
spread cherries unseeded in thin layers
trays. If cherries are seeded there
will be loss of juice. Dry from three to four
hours, ITO degrees to $50 degrees Fab
renheit- Raise temperature gradually"
The Department of Agriculture rec
ommends that dried fruits be stored in
the same way as vegetables.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-06-24

one side, removing seed. drying in the air
and finishing in the drier at 140 degrees
Fahrenheit. A more satisfactory method
is to place peppers in biscuit pan in oven
and heat until skin blisters. or steam until
skin softens. Peel, slit in half, take out
seed and dry at 10 degrees to 40 de-
grees Fahrenheit.
The storing Of dried vegetables is an
important part of their conservation.
They are more easily handled and are in
better condition for storing IL allowed to
stand one to three hours to absorb enough
moisture to make them pliable before put
ting into bags or other containers. Dried
vegetables should always be stored in
moistureproof containers and in dry
place. free from dust and dirt The
best, container is a tin box. bucket or
can fitted with a perfectly tight cover
says the Department of Agriculture.
Perhaps the most convenient and
cheapest container is the small paper
bag. A small amount should be put
or two meals. This will prevent the
opening Of any dried product that cannot
be consumed in a short time. The upper
part of the bag Is twisted to form a
tight with a string. The entire bag is
then painted with a cor.t of melted
paraffln, using a small brush or fraz-
lied end of a piece of rope. This makes
the bag practically moisture and insect
proof. To further protect bags from
insect ravages label and pack bags in
a tin container with a tight-fitting
cover A large number Of bags could
be stored in an ordinary lard can. A
glass jar with tight seal is good
container for dried products. Paraffin-
coated paper containers Of various sizes
can be found on the market"
"All dried products should be exam
ined occasionally" advises the depart
ment. Upon the first appearance of in
scots spread in thin layers in the sun
until insects disappear, then heat at a
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1917-03-31

hihuahua.-VilIa and force of
$500 soundly beaten with loss Of $50
killed and wounded and 500 prison
ers when he attempted to raid Chi
huahua City,
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1917-03-31

New York.-With arrival of Gu
nard liner Orduna it was learned
that commander Of submarine which
sunk Laconia was captured when his
boat was blown up on March La
Evening star., 1917-04-08

to their animals. and planting food
products in the place of their flowers.
Again, as doubtless you know, ocean
transportation has been seriously in
terfered with. Time and again ship
ments have been held up until the
plants were wholly or partially spoiled.
See that azalea; note the green
shoots springing up all through the
blossoms. The shipment of plants con-
tanning that specimen was held up by
the war, and when it arrived the plants
were all sprouting. and too late for
remedy That head should have been
a mass of solid bloom. every sprout
nipped in the bud it appeared when
growing in the hothouse. thus allow
ing the bloom to take the place of all
foliage. That delay in transportation
let them get ahead of US. and there is
nothing to do but to accept the plants
as they are.
''Of course. this sort of thing all
he avoided when grow our Easter
lilies and other hulbous flowers and
decorative plants in this country. Al
present, however, We are using mainly
foreign stock I myself am especially
Creole lily, which grows easily in this
country. 1t was originally brought
from Bermuda and planted outdoors
and is absolutely hardy here. At a
recent flower show in New York they
had hundred of these lilies In bloom.
and ] should like to see this home-
grown plant propagated to an extent of
its being made to supply the Easter
demand in this country.
'"The substitution of homegrown
Easter flowers for those from abroad
is as vet largely question of labor
and transportation. The governments $
experiments in the Department OF
Evening star., 1917-04-08

chance to express their opinions they
showed that they were vastly more con-
cerned about securing more land than
about the maintenance of any govern
mental regime. The city population and
the industrial workers were opposed to
the government because of its interfer-
ence with their liberty of speech and of
the press. because of the constant per-
secution of the more vigorous and more
liberal minded elements and because of
the graft and corruption practiced by
the bureaucracy.
The professional classes, the so-called
intelligenZia, were distinctly progressive
and were engaged in u constant struggle
to do away with the autocratic regime
The mobiles and large landowners. who
had various privileges under the old or
der, had the least reason to look forward
to a change, but even the nobility and
the landlords were not satisfied with the
government, because they We're heavily
in debt to it on account OF extravagant
living and the mortgaging of their estates
in the mobiles bank.
A debtor class seldom has much love for
the creditor be he another class, another
section of the country or the government.
But be it said in justice to the RusSloh
nobility that large number of its mem
bers participated in the revolutionary
movement out OF pure patriotic motives,
and among the men who suffered In the
mines of Siberia and at the hands OF exc
cutioners were many of the proudest
names Of Russia.
1t was only small group of courtiers
that was willing to support the govern
ment, and it is a curious fact that the
names of the high officials during the
last few years were not in many cases
the names of Russian mobiles and, In fact,
were not the names of Russians at all,
but of Germans from the Baltic provinces
who were in sympathy with the govern
Evening star., 1917-04-08
Helps Raise Flowers for Easter Trae

talk on the subject of bulb culture in
America for the home trade: "One of
the main deterrent factors with those
who contemplate entering the business
in this country, where 1t seems prob
able they can produce a better article
than the imported, is that of the ex-
tensive hand labor as yet necessitated
in bulb culture. The biggest job in
this connection is digging. AS the
business expands, however. it is more
than likely that the American farm
implement manufacturer will provide
machinery to overcome this need, as he
has in the past overcome every other
obstacle IN farm operation. OF late
1t is reported that machinery is coming
into use even in Holland to a limited
extent in bulb culture on account of
the scarcity of labor due to war con-
ditions."
knowledge of the tendency on the part
of the United States to keep its bulb
trade at home, a number of Holland and
Belgium bulb and decorative plant
growers have emigrated recently to the
Pacific coast and have entered the busi-
ness with a view to assisting in the
American supply of Easter flowers.
One grower of aZaleas and araucarias
who came from Ghent in Belgium is en-
deavoring to establish this business in
California. Within recent weeks he
made the statement to the effect that
he found conditions here superior to
thoSe IN Belgium. one great adVah-
tage. he finds, is that plants bud here
fully several weeks before they finish
budding in Ghent, enabling them to be
forced for the early American market.
He states that America imports an
nually between two and three millions
of decorative plants, including rhodo-
dendrons, azaleas, hollies, boxwoodS
and araucarias, all of which can be pro-
duced here in commercial quantities at
a cost which will defy competition, pro-
vided the transcontinental railways will
encourage the development of right
rates, which will enable dealers to use
the homegrown products.
There is one widely used Easter flow
er, formerly imported from Holland.
which has been thoroughly established
in this country, having been brought to
bloom in sufficient quantity to supply
the entire demand. This is the freesia.
priced by florists and people alike as a
beautiful and fragrant Easter blossom.
Evening star., 1917-04-08

other large so-called alien element is
the Jews, who were prosecuted by the
bureaucracy. but who will now cooper
ate with the Russian people, with whom
they have never had any quarrel.
The business ability of the Jews will
be of tremendous assistance to the new
democracy, and there is no danger of
any dissensions from that source.
There are in Russia great many
tribes of Tartars and other Mongolians.
who lead a more or less nomadic life
and who will be slow to enter into
self-governing organization. That will
be one of the problems that the new
government will have to solve, but 1t
is not an insuperable obstacle.
When the constitutional convention
assemblies and the final form OF govern
ment is settled upon Russian will enter
new era in its national existence
The new republic, which is likely 10
be organized by the convention. will
doubtless have many trials to live
through and many obstacles TO over
come but so did the American republic
and the French republic when they
were young.
From the fact that it was possible
for the representative assembly to take
over the reins of power in the midst
of a military crisis and to keep the
wheels of industry revolving and the
military machine in efficient order, il
appears that the Russian people will
be fully capable of taking their place
among the worlds democracies.
Evening star., 1917-04-08
a Republican Form of Go

of Municipalities have been for two
years the mainstays of the Russian
army in spite of the encouragement on
the part of the government, and have
organized hospitals. supplied the
troops with food, clothing and muni-
tionS, and have succored millions of
refugees from the territory conquered
by the Germans. The ability of ac-
complishing this in spite of constant
interference is a hopeful indication of
the capacity of the Russian people to
work together for common end.
That the Russian people stand high
in the arts and in science is acknowl-
edged by the civilized world Indeed,
it was an anomaly to have a large num-
Der of twentieth century thinkers
gagged under a sixteenth century re-
gime The Russian press, now unshac-
killed., will be able to open it's columns
to the best thought of the country, and
the shaping of public opinion toward a
stable form of self-government will pro-
ceed at a rapid pace.
One other element in the Russian pop
ulation needs to be considered and that
is the so-called alien element. In this
class are the Poles, who, however. have
had a parliament long before the
United States came into existence and
who have already been promised an en-
tire autonomy in their own affairs The
Evening star., 1917-04-08
Easter Egg Dyes Are Scarce

"GGS are still high; dyes are scarce;
H. what are the children doing for
@ Easter eggs this year? With the
cost Of living in general soaring to the
skies, many mothers are finding that
they can ill afford to use the valuable
egg for mere pleasure. Purely for use
are eggs these days.
True, the spring prices for eggs are
in effect Indeed, the cold storage
houses provide all at once great guam
titles of eggs which have been treas
ured throughout the winter to flood
the spring market. This accordingly
brings the price within the reach of
many who were denied eggs during the
winter months.
The great markets of the country
now reap the benefit of the enforced
winter famine. but at the same time
eggs are not to be the cheap commodity
that our grandmothers knew when
they set about to flll the rabbits
basket. But the egg subject is only
one-half of the lament. for the threat
ened Easter egg is contained IN IT, ihe
dive situation, a mighty problem which
has put wrinkles in the brows OF tex
tile manufacturers all over this coun-
try, and which embraces as tiny part
the egg dye trade, is the other harass-
ing element this year.
No dyes. no more brilliant eggs
these were the ominous whisper4ngs
from the dye world some time ago. l,
is incomprehensible to the groWn.up
whose Easter egg days occurred when
eggs sold for cent apiece or less. ana
before the British and French na'les
expended the bulk of their energy to
cut OF German commerce. Yet it is
true, and likewise logical. for the dye
factories which only lately are able to
furnish dyes for the major needs OF the
United States are too engrossed In their
new operation to cater particularly to
the kiddies. Easter egg dyes are made
from coal tar products. For this rea-
SON some of them are poisonous. but
the food and drug act has taken the
Evening star., 1917-04-08

Agriculture's grounds in Washington
and in the west are proving that all of
our Easter flowers can be grown as
well in this country as abroad. Some
of them. notably the Easter lily. can
best be grown in California, but there
must be some readjustment In railroad
rates before the bulbs, roots and
flowers can be brought from the Pa
cifc to the Atlantic coast at rate
which will compete with the lighter
charges in bringing them from foreign
countries"
After series of tests made by the
Department of Agriculture in various
states 1t has been found that tulips.
narcissi and hyacinths can best be
produced in this country in certain
parts of the Pacific coast, these being
northwest Washington and northwest
California, and that there are areas in
those states extensive enough to supply
all the bulbs this country needs, with
soil and climatic conditions even more
favorable for the culture of Dutch
bulbs" than the HARLEM bulb district
of Holland. The tulips grown in the
testing grounds of the Department or
Agriculture at Washington, as well as
those which 1t leases in the west for
its work, are longer and stronger in
stem and handsomer in flower than any
which have been produced from i'm
ported bulbs.
Experiments by horriculturists for
the past eight years have gone to prove
that the soil is more fertile, mechanical
conditions superior, land deeper and
better drained and the product harder,
with more dense, solid and better
ripened bulbs than those of average
Holland production. They also bloom
earlier and give blooms of better sub
stance, longer and stronger stems and
colors clearer and more brilliant in
tone. The cost of preparing the beds
in this country is less than in Holland,
where expensive canals must be dug
and maintained: also. danger of frost
is less, in consequence of which root
growths proceed steadily throughout
the winter, with retarding Of
growth. Then, too, the blooming sea-
son comes nearly month earlier than
in Holland.
Said one of the scientists of the De-
partment of Agriculture in a recent
Evening star., 1917-04-08

precaution to pass upon the different
shades and designate a certain num-
Der which are harmless. These are
three shades of red. two of yellow and
one each of orange, blue and green.
This year sees more than thirty
American dyestuffs works producing
about $1,000 tons of staple synthetic
colors. every pound derived from
American coal tar Before the war
$500 tons of aniline. the most i'm
portant coal tar product used in the
manufacture of artificial color, were
imported. Today it is being manufac-
tured at the rate of nearly 10000 tons
annually. A new national industry has
been created and hardly has the chem
ist begun adequately to realize the
enormous material resources of the
American field. forest and mine.
Spreading for view Is panorama OF
Industrial development in which new
investments exceed S200.000,000.
After the war it is probable that
plants that now manufacture explosives
will be converted into dyestuff facto-
ries This transformation will be ac-
complished with little difficulty, for the
same raw materials used for explosives
are used for dyestuffs. A few years
hence, says DR.. Thomas Norton. for
merly commercial agent for the Depart
ment of Commerce and an authority on
the American dyestum situation, this
country will manufacture all tints and
shades required to meet diversified re-
uuirements The scarcity of different
colors which this dyestuf famine has
caused gives an Importance to any new
dye that Is suggested. The forest
service has brought forth new color,
which it says may be extracted from
the wood Of the sage orange tree.
So stands the dye subject Some
large manufacturing concerns are be.
einning to place dyes ON the market
for sale to the general public to b
used for household purposes.
Evening star., 1917-04-08

local affairs The mir until recently own
ed all the land and distributed it among
the peasants and they We're thoroughly
capable of handling their own affairs.
The Russian peasants, as matter OF
fact have a pronounced genius for or
ganiZation. For instance when they mi
grated to Siberia several villages would
get together and elect a delegate, so
called forerunner. who would investigate
the country and report on the opportuni-
ties for agricultural development Inc
peasants knew how to select reliable men
and followed their advice before under
taking migration. Such men have been
sent even to Canada and South America
Another sign of the ability of the Rus
san peasants to make use of representa-
tive institutions was seen in the fact that
those of them who We're elected to the
duma proved to be among the ablest men
there, in spite of their lack of book knoWl-
edge and it is vastly significant that the
representatives in the duma received dele
gates from their constituents. who would
Evening star., 1917-04-08

and California. The result has been the
production of stronger, healthier and
handsomer Easter lilies than can be
grown from imported bulbs. Federal
experimentation proves that climatic
and soil conditions in southern Califor-
mia are such as to favor the production
of the finest Easter lilies in the world.
The wizards of floral science in the
department, besides developing an
Easter lily bulb which will be free
from disease and stronger than the for
eign product, are also experimenting
with a view to securing a new type of
Easter lily, which may be grown di-
rectly from the seed for the Easter
trade. This will tighten materially the
cost of the American grown plant. Its
present development from seed to bulb
and from bulb to blossoming plant is
process requiring between two and
three years for maturity, with its re-
sultant labor, which in this country
cannot compete with the cheap labor of
foreign lands.
The Department of Agriculture is also
expending it's efforts upon other
plants, whose bulbs and roots are i'm
ported each year at cost of nearly
three million dollars to supply the
Easter trade. These include hyacinths,
tulips and narcissi, with the decorative
azaleas, rhododendrons, lilacs and other
blossoms. which are brought to the
zenith of their glory at Eastertide.
A recent walk through one of the
forcing houses of a large floral estab-
lishment gave practical insight as to
what is meant by forcing plants for
the Easter trade.
THE bulbs which produced these
beautiful blossoms We're all dug in
foreign countries last June and July
and arrived here in August said the
florist. The different varieties, of
course. mature at different ages. I'm
mediately upon their arrival at the
great central stations, like New York.
Evening star., 1917-04-08

ment that gave them opportunity OF
rising to the top.
Whatever support the government had
among the landed proprietors and the
nobility was forfeited since the beginning
of the war. when to the crimes of des-
potism and oppressive inefticiency We're
added corruption on an enormous scale
and treason to the country.
The fourth duma, which has now
charge of the government in Russia. was
elected under system of franchise that
gave a two-thirds majority to the con-
servative elements, but since the war be-
gan the conservatives one by one de-
serted the ranks of the government sup
porters and jointed hands with the lib
erals, SO that that body, in spite of not
being representative of the people at large,
Evening star., 1917-04-08

ly nermeated with socialistic ideas
They will form the radical element IN
the new democracy.
That they are capable of wonderfully
concerted action is illustrated by the
fact that in 1905 they succeeded IN
spite of strict legislation against
unions and positive prohibition OF
strikes, in organizing national strike OF
all industries on scale never equaieu
in any country The whole nation was
paralyzed for several days: the trains
did not move, the water works were out
of commission, the lighting systems
were not operating, the telephones dio
not ring and all the channels OF trade
were interrupted.
1t was that strike that forced the czar
to grant Russia her first representative
assembly, a step which he was never
able to retrace and which has ultimate
Iy led to his overthrow. A class of peo-
pie which is capable of such wonderful
cooperation under the tremendous