davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
BRETHREN OF THE SWORD
Home Of Cult Was at Wenden, on the
North Line of the German
Offensive in Russia.

The National Geographic society is
sues the following war geography bull
letin on Wenden, on the line of the
German offensive In the direction Of
Petrograd:
The town of Wenden. one of the old
est in the province of Livonia. is stu.
ated a few miles by rail northeast Of
Riga. Ii is n picturesque place, built
two miles from the left bank of the
River Aa. The Aa flows In a south
westerly direction from this point
through that part of Russia known as
the Livonian Switzerland, not on ac-
count of the height of mountains-the
highest hill is only 265 feet-but be-
cause of the charm of the landscape
with its well-wooded slopes bordering
the river valley.
The story of Wenden goes back seven
centuries to the time when the Breth-
ren of the Sword. recognized by Pope
Innocent III in 1902, made this place
their headquarters in the campaign in
augurated by them to disseminate
Christianity among the heather 1.-Two
mans. A castle was built here in
121O, and though il is now scarcely
more than crumbling ruin, as it was
never restored after the destructive
fire Of 114S. around ii cluster many
romantic and fascinating stories.
One of the most celebrated grand
masters of the Brethren of the Sword
was Walter Won Plettenberg. who rose
to power during the closing years Of
the fifteenth century and was finally
recognized as prince of the empire
by the Emperor Charles V in 1927.
Plettenberg also built the castle Of
Riga 0494-1515), which has Jared bet
ter than the Wenden stronghold, for
1t is still used as the seat of the Rus
sian authorities (or rather, was used
up 10 the time of Riga's fall a few
weeks agO).
The most tragic chapter in the
history of Wenden was enacted in 1877
when the members of the garrison of
the castle, besieged by the forces Of
the implacable Ivan the Terrible, blew
themselves up rather than fall into the
hands of the cZar. The castle was
soon repaired. however, and short
time thereafter was the residence Of
Patricius Nidecki, appointed bishop Of
Wenden in 1888 by Stephen Bath5ry,
king of Poland.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21

that 1t be met to the full measure.
FROM the time congress and the presi-
dent thus spoke for us il became the
duty. moral and legal, of each of us
To abate nothing that lay within his
power to make our pledge good. What
ever our views. whatever our sympa-
thies heretofore had been. the quarrel
was now our quarrel. and we must be
true TO il in order TO be true TO our
selves. That this meant that some of
us must break with cherished memo
ries, with friends, home, and kindred,
cannot matter. So broke our fathers,
who gave Us our liberties; SO must
we break to preserve them. The man
who is unwilling to make that sacrifice
Is unworthy the liberties he enjoys and
is pnwelcOme in our midst. The SOW
ercign people of the United States have
Willed that our every available re-
source of men and industry must play
It's part in winning this war. and no
head is too high or too low to wish TO
escape the heavy hand of our sOver-
eign necpSSitV
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
The SchWenkfelders,

The Schwenkfelders are n religious
sect who. like the Friends. the Dunk
ards and the Mennonites, profess the
doctrine of nonresistance. They are
the followers of Kaspar won Schwenk-
field. a German religious reformer of
the sixteenth century. He was an ad-
vocate of the Reformation. but his
views differed greatly from those of
Luther. He did not found church rs
il was inconsistent with his principles.
but after his death his followers held
meetings and different congregations
came into existence in various parts of
Germany, particularly in Silesia. They
suffered much persecution and many
left. their homes. In 1874 "a families
emigrated from Silesia To Pennsyl
varia and settled in Montgomery and
Berks counties. They have in this
country six churches and 1.0i3 men,
berS.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21

Evergreen blooms all summer, and its
ed 1t holds its leaves until spring,
almost, and therefore should not be
allowed to shade windows which need
the winter light.
The various clematis are all beauti-
full and desirable climbers. 1t Is not
generally known that If Clematis pani-
culata is severely cut back after flow
ering IT will form new wood which will
bear fine flowers and many of them the
next season.
Ideal plants for covering brick.
stone and rough surfaces are the am
pelopsis and hedena helix-the true
European ivy. The latter prefers a
northern exposure as the alternating
thawing and freezing Of late winter
is apt to kill 1t If grown where the sun
strikes it. The ampelopsis, better
known as the Boston ivy or Virginia
creeper. is at all times beautiful. The
tender growth In the spring is delicate
ly shaded and in the fall the leaves
are gorgeous IN vari-cOlored colds,
crimsOns and scarlets.
Morning glories. cypress vines.
sweet peas, gourds. nasturtiums, Japa-
nese hops, with cucumber are among
our most desirable annual climbers.
Seeds of them do not cost much, and
package of one or the other will yield
shade. beauty and grace.
The sides of steep terrace or bank
may be transformed into a thing of
beauty by planting trailers among its
top. Rosa Wichuraiana. the memorial
rose. and its hybrids are desirable for
this purpose. 1t produces profusion
of long wreaths of small thickly set
leaves. that look as though they were
vanished. In June 1t literally covers
itself with large, white single roses.
The Virginia creeper, the honey
suckle, nasturtiums and moon vines
are trailers rather than climbers. OF
garden plants the sweet potato and
the dewberry are genteel enough to be
grown as treilers. They give edibles
instead of flowers.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
New Bed for the ParaIyzed.

The great difficulty in handling pa
tient suffering from spinal wounds, ell
ther for the purpose of attending to
the wound or to remake his bed, is
without causing him much suffering
during the operation. With this end In
view a new bed has been constructed.
This bed has surrounding ii. close to
the edge Of the mattress, a rectangular
framework of hollow metal piping.
The parallel sides are connected by
broad bands of webbing stretched
across the top of the mattress; the pa
tient lies on these bands. The short
sides of the framework of the bed
that Is. at the head and foot-are also
connected by geared wheel having
vertical steel post. BY turning the
handle ri the foot or head of the bed
the framework, with the patient lying
on the webbing, is lifted off the mat
tress while his position remains un-
changed.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
No HaIf-Measures in Future.

| have spoken thus far, not of the
legal penalties which attach To obStruc-
tion and disloyalty to this government,
but Of the broad political and moral
elements of our situation and of the
considerations of integrity and honor
which must impel us TO loyalty to our
cause and compel our active aid and
support. l have done this because
after all our safety lies not in penal
statutes, but in Il realizing sense of
righteous cause. firm resolution to do
our full duty, and understanding
that we fight for the liberties of our
selves, our families and our poSterity.
have purposely moved slowly and
with caution in invoking the strong
arm of the law for seeming dislOyalty,
believing that more mature conSidera-
tiOn would show the occasional agita-
tor that he was wrong and the rest of
us were right. However shall not be
half-measured In undertaking the con-
troll of those who persist in their dis
loyalty and schemlngs against the gov
ernment and its purposes.
The federal government Is not pow
erless TO handle such malcontents.
Amongst other Offenses, II can prose-
cute those who willfully make or con-
vey false reports or false statements.
when the United States is at war, with
intent to interfere with the operation
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
A Scarlet Rider.

Lieut.. Col. e. Z. Sanders, D. s. ..
of the Second Canadian Pioneer bat
TALON, holds a somewhat remarkable
record in the Canadian forces. He is
said TO be the first Canadian officer
who has ever been known to suggest
that his command should be taken over
by younger man. In view OF the
splendid work which has been done
by the Second Pioneer Battalion. the
Canadian authorities have been rath-
er hard to persuade on this point; but
Colonel Sanders has. unfortunately, in
sisted that, while he may still be USE
full in other directions. pioneering is u
young mans job. Colonel Sanders,
who fought through the Boer war with
distinction, was before that war in
command of the Northwest Mounted
Police II, Calgary. Indeed, he returned
TO that command OF famous "Moun-
ties" after the war.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21

WuTu.
The other Arickara village sites
show no trace of contact with the
whites. No article of metal can be
found in the most ancient locations.
river, the excavations yield scraps of
copper obtained from the first traders,
from which the Indians made orna-
ments and, by twisting the thin sheet
copper into cones, arrow heads shaped
like tunnels which slipped over the
end of the shaft of the arrow. An
occasional blue or red bead comes TO
light. or a brass ball, or bits of look
ing-glass, or knife. One old knife,
found in q cache hole where it had
been placed a century or more ago,
safely wrapped in a buffalo robe. was
made in Sheffield and was one of the
knives sent out by the early Hudson
bay traders.
The village sites farther west are
more recent. On the Missouri river, at
the place described by Lewis and
Clark in their diary of the exploration
of the Northwest in 1905, "at the bend
in the river where the river flows
west" was large village with more
than one hundred lodges. In these
more recent villages are found brass
arm-bands and bracelets. as well as an
occasional steel ak or flint-lock gun.
Their Domestic Life.
The bones in the refuse heaps show
the Arickaras lived on buffalo, deer.
antelope, elk, rabbit and wild fowl as
well as on corn, beans and pumpkins.
Parched corn has been found in the
lodges at every village site.
Only a sunken circle of ground like
an abandoned circus arena, hut far
smaller, shows where one of the lodges
stood. A five-family lodge, built with
big timbers, may yield part of a cedar
post almost rotted away, despite the
comparatively dry climate. Each fam
lily had its cache-hole. or primitive
safety deposit vault. This was a jug
shaped hole four to six feet deep, in
which valuables were hidden when the
family left home to avoid hostile In
dians or TO go on hunting trip. The
mouth Of the hole was covered with
sticks and leaves, so as not to be dis
tinguishable from the surrounding sur
face.
The burial customs of the Arickaras
differed from those of the Sioux. The
Arickaras buried their dead in the
ground. while the Sioux left the bod
les of their dead, wrapped in skins, on
scaffolds or In trees. The Arickaras
buried from one to six bodies in q
grave. the body lying on the right side.
with the head to the north. Digging
was hard with the primitive imple-
ments these Indians had. so the graves
were small, and the bodies placed with
the knees drawn up. Scarcely any
grave contains anything but the skele-
ton. Little or no. paraphernalia was
ever buried with the body, except an
occasional bead or band of brass or
copper. showing the contact with the
fur traders. The earlier burial sites
yield nothing but bones. The graves
were three to six feet deep. and above
the upper skeleton were placed slabs Of
cottonwood or ash or bundles Of will
low twigs. to keep wild animals from
digging into the grave. Other Indians
used fiat rocks for the same purpose.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
Army Orders.

Sergeant Major - "Now. Private
Smith. ycu know very well none hut
officers AMI nOncommiSsioned officers
are allowed To walk across the grass"
Private S!n!th-"But. jor,
I've Captain Graham's verbal orders
to" Sergeant- Ma ajor-"None q that.
sir. Show me the captains verbal or
ders. Show 'em TO me, sir"-Liver-
pool Post.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
Extensive Repairs.

A small western railroad. the Boggs
River and Northern, was putting into
effect rigid wartime economy. Loco
motives were patched and repaired
with old parts and pieces until OLeary,
the shop foreman, threatened to break
down under the strain.
To cap the climax, one day worm
out-looking locomotive was placed in
the shop. O'Leary was asked to give
II a thorough examination with a view
to ascertaining just what would be re-
quired to put II in first-class running
shape. That same afternoon O'Leary,
having completed his review of the To-
comotive. dispatched the following la
comic note to headquarters:
mo. 1S-In today. To put in COM
plete repair. Jack up her whistle and
build a new engine underneath"
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
Kind of "Cre cure" He Was

Donald and Charlie. boys Of eleven.
had seen on old-time thrilling melo-
drama and the next day were repeating
it for the benefit of an audience of
small boys in the garage of Charles
father. Charlie was the VILLAIN" and
Donald the heroine" After Donald,
with the villain covering and shivering
before him had denounced the other
bitterly. he thrilled his small audience
with the shrieking climax, 'Out of my
way, abdominal creature"
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21

and village sites, burial grounds and
battlefields of the Indians, collecting
and studying the relics of these first
settlers-Or were they first, after all I
A find of hammer stones, arrow heads
and charred hearth stones in an old
soil layer two to six feet beneath the
surface last summer indicates earlier
Inhabitants than the Arickara.
When the Indians followed the buf-
falO over the Dakota prairies. long be-
fore the white man came, there were
fifty or more populous villages along
the Missouri river. The early tribes
of Arickaras in the Missouri valley,
like Dakota farmers today, grew corn
and pumpkins, for the Arickaras were
farmers. They built lodges Of poles
and willow thatch. daubed thick with
mud to keep out the searching fingers
of the billiards.. Their clothing was
made of buffalo skins. The shovel
with which they dug their fields and
the trowel with which they spread the
mud plaster on the walls of their
houses were made from the shoulder
blade Of the buffalo. Their arrow
points and knives were of flint or bone.
This was the life of the Arickaras be-
fore the first white traders came. be-
fore the Sioux (or Dakotah) Indians
pressed by white settlers from Canada.
poured in from the north and east. 1t
was the stone age. when to make a
haVmer required days of grinding and
creek bed. with an outline like that of
the tool 10 he made.
Fine Collection Of Relics.
More than sixty skeletons of the
Arickara tribe have been unearthed
and are in the university museum.
Hundreds Of hammer stones. arrow
heads. beads. bone tools and bone or
naments are also in the university COL
lection of the Airckara relics. Even
the national government has not near
ly as good an Arickara collection. The
only two Arickara tobacco pipes ever
found in grave are in the university
collection. There are many fragments
Of the earthenware pots or bowls used
by the Indians in cooking, and two en-
tirely undamaged bowls, which show
the kind of pottery work the ancient
Indians made.
The age of much of the material
found is problematical. hut that a
great deal of It dates back to the pc
riod before 1850 is certain. for at about
that time the Sioux or Dakota Indians
began driving the Arickaras relentless,
ly up the Missouri and to the west
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
A Cheerful Face

There is no greater everyday virtue
than cheerfulneSs. This quality in
man among men is like sunshine 70 the
day. or gentle renewing moisture TO
parched herbs. The light of = cheer
ful face diffuses itself. and commu.i-
Gates the happy spirit that inspires L..
The sourest temper MUST swceten in
the atmosphere of continuous good
humor,
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
Believe in "SafetN Eirst.n

1t Is no uncommon thing for large
corporations to spend $4,000 year
Just for salaries and office expense of
safety department. Generally, there
are number of inspectors who spend
their entire time going from one point
To another. watching for danger spots
either in the location of machinery or
In the constantly shifting piles of
supplies
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
South Africa Growing Sugar Cane

Sugar planting is making rapid
strides In South Africa, and. the last
few years have seen acres upon acres
put under cane, from Durham TO prac-
tically the end of the new railway line
in Zululand, terminating at SOmkele.
The coast of Natal and Zululand is
eminently suitable for the growth Of
sugar cane. and many farmers have
given up their up-country farms for the
more profitable sugar growing along
the coast belt. The climate is very
warm in summer, but as the main
work, the cutting and milling Of the
cane. takes place In winter sugar
growers are enabled to leave their
farms for cooler climate during the
summer months.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
Little Difference.

Mildred, bright three-year-old. and
the only child in the home. was be-
coming selfish and at times quite
naughty. Her father, hoping to i'm
prove her. said TO her one day, II
think | shall have 10 bring home lit
tie brother" With a toss of the head
and defiant air she quickly replied,
well, you'll find boys is just as worse
as girls
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
Paper Hats and Shoes.

Paper shoes have been manufactured
on Il small scale in England the paper
being used for the uppers. The mate
rial is plated paper closely woven,
somewhat similar 10 that used in the
manufacture of paper hats. Paper
fiber is also used i'll making chap
grade of imitation felt hats for men.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21

little to show in justification Of his
existence when the final balance is
struck and the book Of his life is
closed. The man who has lived in
dreams without deeds will show an
equally sterile account. All Of the
VIC td's great facts grew out of some
mans or some wOman's dream-a
dream cherished and made into real
ity.-EXchange.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
Unearths Corn-Grindinq Quern.

An interesting relic of early Scot.
land WAS unearthed in Cramond re-
Gently. A grave digger was preparing
for burial, when he dug up. at a
,lepth of about five feet. the neat half
of the upper stone of a primitive corn
grinding quern, measuring IS inches
in diameter, and showing half Of the
central hole. Search without success
was made for the other fragments.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21

traced out and
studied in detail
by w. III. Over of
the University of
South Dakota.
What sort of
people were this
now extinct race?
How did tn ey
live? What was
t h e ir religion?
What degree Of
culture had they
attained?
During a period
of years Mr.. Over
..sl
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
tiost Important Bees.

The most important of the trLe bees
are the hoe y bee and the bubble lee.
Next to these are the cuckoo Ice, car
p.nter bee and the mason, lea cutting
and potter bees.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
Oldest lnhabitant.

Lost Soul-Why did they send that
monkey down here?
Old Timer-Don't you know who
that ise He's our ancestor.-Cartoons
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21

or success of the military or naval
forces of the federal government, or
TO promote the success of our cOuntry's
enemies; also those who willfully
cause, or attempt to cause, insubOrdi-
nation, disloyalty, mutiny. or refusal
of duty. or willfully Obstruct the re-
cruiting or enlistment service Of the
United States; also those who i'm
pede, obstruct or prevent the execu-
ton of the laws Of the United States !;
also those who undertake to Overawe
the officers of the United States In per-
forming their duties either by direct
intimidation or threats. or by injuring
their persons or property; also those
who engage in seditious conspiracies
20 overthrow or levy war against the
government or forcibly oppose its au.
thority.
New Laws Give Power.
The recently enacted espionage act
Is designed. among other things, to
punish spies. regulate the use of the
mails. and punish those who abuse
lllul USE.
The provisions of the selective-draft
act provide punishment for those who
fail or refuse to register. or hinder or
obstruct the enforcement Of that act.
Treason defined by the Constitu-
tinn rs consisting only in levying war
against the United States. or in ad-
herring to their enemies, giving them
aid and comforO is punishable by
death. and the other offenses men-
toned by severe and just penalties.
The federal government can find In
existing statutes and others now pend
ing before congress powers to handle
any situation likely to arise because
Of the ill-advised activities of disloyal
agitators.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
Make Your Dreams Count.

There are two kinds of dreamers-
the dreamer who merely dreams and
he dreamer who puts his dreams into
deeds. The man who has not his
dreams Is the man who will have very
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
Carry Their Wealth.

In Dutch Guiana the women carry
uron their persons all the family say
ings in the shape of heavy bracelets,
anklets, necklaces and even crowns Of
gold and silver.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
GUIDING Fingers.

A machine has been perfected which
will copy to the Smallest detail in a
piece III stone fastened under its cut
ting tonls n statue carried under guild
lag fingers.
Tensas gazette., 1917-12-21
BY r. w. JONES.

Gradually the life of the Arick-
ara Indians of the DakOtas is being
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1917-02-01
WIRELESS MUSIC USED FOR A Dance

to the reporter. Doctor Armstrong of
Columbia has been doing research
work along these lines for many years,
and he has at last turned out device
that will multiply sound 500 to 1000
times. The De Forest amplifier multi
piled sounds II to IS times. The prin-
ciple is somewhat the same, the diff
ference being that the Armstrong in
Strument has a complex repeating ac-
ton, while the De Forest instrument
has single repeating action.
Together, the instruments make it
simple to telephone by wireless, and
there's no reason why New Workers
should not be telephoning to Chicago
regularly except that the instruments
have not yet been put to commercial
USE That is because of the many
legal fights that are taking place over
the fundamental radio patents, and be-
cause of the field being practically tied
up at the present time by the Marconi
company. But there's nothing to pre-
vent amateurs from using these in
StrumentS.
at would be just as easy to trans
NIT the music of an entire opera from
the Metropolitan opera house as to
transmit this monograph music that
is being played tonight. 1t would only
be necessary to have the sending ap-
paratus within range of the voices in
the Metropolitan. With the ampli-
fiers now being used the music could
be transmitted about 200 miles,"
Mr.. Cooley said that the amplifier
perfected by Doctor Armstrong re-
sembled the headlight of an automo-
bile. Instead of the light tilament,
there are two electrodes. There is
a vacuum in the bulb, and in an in
candescent light, and the weak sound
enters on one electrOde, while the pow
erful sound issues from the other.
The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976, 1917-02-01

centralized
a
of
conditions particular localities for varieties
drought resistance
years literally thousands of
Colorado 1dahond complete
Yep O their development
agreeable cooking they
of Seeding which thought
unfaOrabe
desirable culture characteristics to
discard.
poao-boiing
cooking fundatOn
in