davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-25

tSantelmann declared that none in any country were finer than those by John Philip Sousa. They are popular in every land," said he, "and in every arm of the service. Sousa is literally the March King in every sense of the word. His latest march, Path hnder of Panama is one of his best, and Is very popular as a war march today. His .Semper Fidelis' is the march of the United States Marines. and Is used by them on all formal occasions"
 Lieutenant Santelmann referred with interest to the fact that Sousa has volunteered his services to train several bands for the United States Navy and has enrolled as a lieutenant in the Naval Reserve Corps for this purpose. The great bandmaster pro- poses to secure from publishers and friends Carload" of music for the boys fn the war.
 Ut. Santelmann's Popular Marches.
 Lieutenant Santelmann Is himself the composer of numb of popular marches, which will be used by United states troops today. His Thomas Jefferson March" is very popular. Gnd his Thomas Haywood March," dedi- cated to the late commandant of the United States Marine Corps, is fre- quently used by the troops en route. The U. S. Marine Band leader has also made a popular arrangement of the familiar setting for 'The Marines Hymn This is one of the real war songs of the American nation. and is
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-25
ships provided with huge caldrons
 carried at the ends of hinged masts

ships provided with huge caldrons carried at the ends of hinged masts or derricks by means of which the fire caldrons' position could be adjust ed so as. to bring it into contact with the most infiammable part of the ves- sel attacked, Great fire balls conn posed of chemical substances, which when set on fire could not be quenched by water were thrown on the decks of the enemy's vessels. On shore the forts were equipped with catapults for shooting liquid. fire on the. decks of the enemy's vessels which approached the shore. These streams of fire pro- duced a gas which made men insensi- b1e and frequently killed them, so aft CT all poisonous gas is centuries old.
 Submarines, Torpedoes And Mines.
 As far back as 157S inventors thought; of submarines and a curious underwater boat was built by Demus Papin. in 1890. It was not a success and although many attempts were made it was not until David Bushnell's Turtle. in 1776, tried to blockade the British fleet on the American coast, that this type of vessel was fairly successful. This machine seems to have been the ancestor of the mine as well as of the submarine for 1t was arranged so that a mine could be exploded under the enemys' ship. An other early submarine was the one invented by Robert Fulton, in 1907. It was propelled by. hand and was fitted with diving planes aft It was filled with a detachable spike. which
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-25
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tected with armor "A inches thick whilst the bow and the stern were left unprotected. This unsatisfactory when hardened steel slating so re- duced armor weight that it became possible for a vessel to carry adequate protection.
 Whilst arrows and spears were thrown by the fighting men on war vessels as early as 100, B. C., the be- ginning of naval artillery came much later. The advent of the cannon early Tn the fourteenth century may be looked upon as the start of this branch of warfare, although the catapult for throwing stones was used long before this period. The Venetian Navy used cannon at sea in 1880. The barrels of these cannon, were made of hoped iron. Early in the fifteenth century it became necessary to arm merchant vessels, and the old type of cannon known as Bombards were used
 During this century a French in- ventor hit upon the idea of mounting guns on other decks at port holes At first the port holes we're circular and only a little larger than the guns These were found unsatisfactory, as the gun had to remain in fixed posi- tion so the circular port holes were superseded by oblong ones.
 During the reign of Henry VIII, naval artillery in England had reached such a perfection that the Venetian Ambassador informed his government that the English King
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-25

sung by the Marine Corps on many occasions. It recounts in stirring lines the deeds of Uncle Sam's splen- did soldiers of the sea- from earliest to latest victories, and is worthy of preservation. Following is the first verse:
 From the Halls of Montezuma. To the shores of Tripoli, We fight our country's battles
 On the land as on the sea. First to fight for right and freedom And to keep our honor clean, We are proud to claim the title
 Of United States Marine. written for it's especial use. and many of them have been adopted Some of the best have been composed by the spirited "Chanson of the United States by Corporal Percy Webb. U. s. M. C., has as its subject ths staunch motto of the corps. "Semper Fidelis." It's first verse is as follows:
 There is a motto bold.
 Written in letters gold.
 Blazoned on every fold.
 Loyal and jealous! .s On that proud flag we bear,
 Peerless beyond compare,
 Borne with us everywhere.
 Semper Fide1is! A Zeal Marine Corps Song. The "soldiers of the sea" have been
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-25

had cannon enough to conquer he'll"
 In the days of Lord Nelson the largest gun in common use at sea was the long 32 pounder carried by the Victory" on her lower deck at Ira falgar. This gun consisted of a sim pie cast iron tube mounted on trun- nions fixed to wooden carriage. The gun muzzle was lowered by hand spikes inserted below the breech and retained by wedges driven under the breech and at any desired elevation. When the gun was to be trained on particular object the carriage was moved bodily. the recoil being kept within bounds by a cable passing through an eye at the breech of the gun the ends of which were fastened to the. sides of the vessel. The gun was loaded from the muzzle and fired through a touch-ho1e near, the breech.
 Liquid Fire.
 More than 100, B. C., the Rhodians attempted to fire hostile vessels by means of caldrons of burning material carried at the end of spars, from the bows of their ships, and even as late as 1909, Lord Cochrane used fire ships in his attack on the French in the Basque Roads. In this instance the hold of three little vessels, known as fire ships were filled with powder casks and sand covered with heavy timber, which was again covered with hand grenades and rockets.
 In 1872 fireships played an import ant part in the Dutch War, when the English and French ships had fire
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-25
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The Evolution of Small Stone Projectiles Hurled From Catapults Into Huge Torpedo How the Roman Galley Rowed By Men Has Been
 Evolved Into the Giant Dreadnaught.
Copyright 1917, by The International Syndicate

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 to the bottom of the mast and 1ashed to 1t in vertical position until the enemy vessel was reached, when the end of the gangway was allowed to fall on the enemy's deck to provide a passage for the attacking force, whilst the spike or beak, projecting from the underside of the board at it's outer end embedded itself in the enemy.s deck
 Beginning Of British Navy.
 The first British attempt to provide a navy was made by Alfred the Great, toward the end of the ninth century. About this time England was bothered by the incursions of the Danes Dur ing the reign of King John a number of English warships destroyed the French fleet at the battle of Damme, in 1918. Four years later an English fleet again defeated the French, the victory being due to the fact that the English feet threw quick lime at the enemy's sailors and blinded them.
 The introduction of steam power in 1892 caused a great change in naval design and paddle steamers were built but these were only moderately suc- cessful. In 1S43 the first screw pro peller was built, but 1t was five years later that the screw was applied to the line of battleship. Although sat- isfactory iron ships were built in 1892, iron was not adopted by the Naval
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-25
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was to imbed itself in the bottom of the enemy's vessel. A mine was et- tached to the spike and as the sub marine drew off the mine was pulled up to the spike and exploded The French submarine Le Plongeur was built in 1863. and was driven by com pressed air. The Holland craft to be operated by one man was built in 1875.a A few years later scientists improved on these crafts and the evo- lution has resulted in terror of the Sea, which has finally drawn the United States into the great war of nations of today.
 The torpedo is the grandchild of the stone projecti1e hurled from catapult from the decks of vessels in ancient times. The first mention of it as a weapon in history. occurs in 1885, when an Italian engineer partly destroyed a bridge across the Scheldt at Antwerp, by means of small ves- sels, each carrying a considerable quantity of gun powder which was exploded by clockwork. Nothing more was heard of the torpedo until 175o, when a French scientist made some experiments with rockets under water with which he destroyed sev- eral boats. During the Civil War in America the torpedo came to the front as a serious weapon and from that time up to the present these un- der water projectiles have been made more deadly each year and more ac curate in their aim.
 With the use of the torpedo came the need of a small vessel to carry 1t and the torpedo boat came upon the scene. So small are these boats when compared with battleships that the fight between the two is a veritable David and Goliath battle. The first torpedo boat was built in 1871 an> attained the speed of 1sk knots per hour. The torpedo used by this craft was lowed by the vessel. the tow line being tied to the funnel. In 1875 the Austrian and French armed their tor pedo- boats. with spar torpedos, but these were only moderately successful The next war craft on the water was the torpedo boat destroyer. They were designed to catch and destroy the .enemy's torpedos. but they have never been particularly successful gun fire from battle ship being re- garded as about the only way to set tie a torpedo boat either submar arine or surface boat.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-25

authorities for fighting craft until 1850, when wooden beams in certain warships were replaced by iron.
 Explosive Shell.
 Russia is responsible for the ex- plosive shell, and used them first against the Turkish vessels in 1854. Armored vessels came into existence as the result. The La Gloire, built by the French, was the first sea going iron clad vessel. Great Britain fol- lowed with the Warrior, launched in 1860. But these vessels were protect ed by iron-side armor, about four and one-half inches thick. It was found by experiments. that the most powerful gun used at that time could not pene- trate it. The Warrior carried a crew of zoo men and cost $1,600,000 to build, a small sum when compared with the s17,0oO,o0o cost of. the mod ern. battleship.
 In later years steel took the place of iron, the hardened steel being double in its resistance to shells. The American Civil War led to the pro duction of vessel of a peculiar type known as monitors Two or more heavy guns were mounted on a re- volving turret of heavily plated armor. The vessel itself had a very low free board and was unsuited for high sea- work, and was built to be used on river estuaries. The hull was so deep ly submerged as to be fairly safe un- der gun fire. v
 Naval Guns And Armor.
 From 1875 to 1889 the power of guns increased more rapidly than the resistance of armor, and as the result vessels were built in which the central turret containing the guns was pro-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-25

thes inspiration of countless poets and songsters and the men themselves have taken kindly to many of them. Nor a number of years "The United States Marines" which is one of the songs of the corps has been published as anonymous. Since the verse has been recently republished a number of times it developes that it is the production of Washingtonian, the late Maurice Brown Kirby. who was also the author of Skipper Schley." The initial verse of the United States Marine gives it's tenor:
 You kin blow about yer hero volun-
 teer, ,An'tyer rough an ready. steady in- fantree;
 You kin sing about yer jackie an kin Fer yer neat an handy. dandy cavalree; But of all the sojer men ever knew. Am of all the sailor men ever seen. When there's fun or fuss or fight. the
 boy to keep in sight Is Billy Hue, United States Marine. An it's. hi Billy, Billy, Billy Blue! We think we've got little job to do. We expect to have a fight an we
 want 1t started right, So we puts the startin' of it up to you Billy Blue Marine" by Ray l. Hoppman, is another favorite. it's first verse as follows:
 He's a soldier and a sailor. every inch: He's fighter for his country in
 pinch;
 And the foemen do not figure
 When his fingers on, the trigger He's Ego and get 'em demon." that's
 cinch.
 Another favorite depletion of the United States Marine. said and sung by its men. is found in Kipling's verse: An after met i'm all over the world,
 a-doing all kinds of things, Like landing 'isself with gatling gun,
 to talk to them 'eathen kings. E sleeps in an 'ammick instead of a
 cot, and e drills with the deck
 on a slew,
 For there isn't a job on the top O the
 earth the beggar don't know
 nor do.
 The United States Navy has always fared well with songs, for it has adopted a number of those of Eng lands Jack Tars as we'll as those written for the American Navy. An English song well advanced in years
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-25


 [" HILST it is natural to suppose AA that man engaged in warfare AA against his fellow man on W land long before he fought battles on the sea, yet almost as far back as history; has any authentic records, it lis known that there were naval conflicts with small crafts and simple implements of. war. Rowed By Men.
 Amongst the earliest fighting yes sels of which we have any record are the Egyptian gaIleys of Rameses III, 120o,r B. c. These vessels were pro- pelled by oars operated by rowers with sails'as an auxiliary power and steered by means of oars or paddles situated aft on each side.
 In later years galleys having from two to- five rows or banks of oars were made. The fighting men were stationed on platform above the head of the rowers. a forecastle being erected at the bows and a poop at the stern. above the level of this plat form, to accommodate the catapults and other f'ordnance." The archers were also stationed on these, whilst the singers or stone casters occupied the top f-s:
 The Roman galleys carried "cor- vus," an ingenious Handing? device, in the shape of a long gangway. hinged
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-25

which is constantly sung by the sailor boys as Justify as it was twenty years ago is the old familiar, Nancy Lee. and to hear it voiced today by eight hundred of the men training at New 1 port, as they march to the accom- paniment of the band at their head is as fine sight and as good a sound as can be seen or heard Songs Of Our sailors | While Jacky likes the popular | music hall hits as well as his soldier | brother his vocal stand bys usually have a flavor of the sea. and with him, too, the old songs retain their place in favor. The navy songs in use today include. "The Midshipmite.' "Larboard Watch" "A Life on the Ocean Wave.'' Rocked in the Cradle of the Deep" 'Homeward Bound" 'The Anchors Weighed" Sailing" Farewell to Grog,' ''The Tar's Fare ! well;" and otheF of their spirit. Later songs, like "Remember the Maine." "A Toast to Dewey" and Skipper Schley'' will also be sung with fervor on the decks of the fattleships this summer.
 Any one familiar with Annapolis will recognize in Anchors Aweigh' the favorite chorus of the middies to the attractive march and two-step composed by a musical director of the United States Naval Academy. Charles S. Zimmerman. Neither are its strains confined to campus or bat tleships. as the frequenter of Army and Navy football games can attest. There is the verve of real life and youth in the bold ringing challenge:
 Stand. Navy, down the field. /9
 Sail set to the sky;
 We'll never change our course.
 So, Army, you steer shy. r Roll up the score. Navy. Anchors aweigh.
 Stand, Navy, down the field
 And sink the Army gray.
 The Naval Academy's Graduate Song" is an old favorite to an old tune, which admits of variations to suit current conditions. and another closing day favorite of the Annapolis boys is God Save America" which is an effective round in five parts. It's patriotic words and resounding notes make an effective ensemble:
 God save America!
 Bless the United Statest
 Continue the Union
 For ever and ever,
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-25
Tunes Which Our Boys Will Take Across the Seas With Them Old Favorites Still Popular Stir. ring Songs of the Marine Corps Army
 and Navy Marches and Duties.
International Syndicate.

 composed something over year ago by Ivor Novello, the twenty-two year old English composer, who is one of a group of Britons who have gone to the foreign fields to entertain the sol diers in their leisure hours. He noted the lack or some present-day song, which appealed to the sentimental longings of Tommy, and tried to fill this need by an original composition.
 The song seems to have fulfilled its mission as not only has it been used by the thousands of English soldiers. but it has been transplanted into six languages and is heard all through the trenches and camps of the Allies. The tuneful air is so easily caught that it makes bid for instant popularity and the words strike home to the heart of. the men in the trenches. The chorus tells the story: Keep the home fires burning,
 While your hearts are yearning:
 Though your lads are far away they
 drAam of home.
 There's silver lining
 Through the dark clouds shining:
 Turn the dark cloud inside out till
 the boys come home.
 Lieutenant Wm. H. Santelmann. leader of the United States Marine Band. the foremost military band in the United States, was interviewed in regard to what songs the American fighting men would take with them across to camp and foreign field. In reply to the question he said:
 
 own fine patriotic songs, first and foremost of which Is the Star Spangled Banner the accredited na- tional song of this country. Then will come America Columbia, Gem of the Ocean, and other purely national and patriotic songs. Strange as it may seem, the Civil War songs have never lost their popularity among the soldiers, and they will be sung on the march today by our men as ire ouently as any others. The tune of
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-25
Copyright, l917. by Tl

" GROUP of officers in embryo
 from the Fort Myer Of1cers'
 Reserve Training Camp walked - into a Washington restaurant one evening. The spirit of gaiety pos sessing them they sang this ditty to the Rhythmic rapping of fists on table and sticks on floor:
 God help Kaiser Bill: God help Kaiser 5 Bill;
 Uncle sammy he gets the infantry.
 He gets the cavalry.
 He gets the artillery.
 Then, we all go to Germany. Gel help Kaiser Bill.
 It was simply one, of the rhymes which had sprung up spontaneously to fit and i'll some particular time and tune. but in a day the whimsical bit of nonsense had made itself one of the songs of the soldiers.
 Our Fighters Select Their Own Songs.
 Thousands of patriotic and senti- mental war songs have been placed upon the market since the commence ment of the present war, but very small proportion of them are adopted by the military man. The American Army and Navy and Marine Corps masxe no rules for the musical guid- ancel of their men, as do some Eu- ropsan countries. but let them choose their own songs for march and camp nra-
 It was because of no hard and fast musical direction that Tommy Atkins picked up the Music hall song Tip perary." and made it the war song of the British soldier during the first year of the conflict. It is still sung by tbe men abroad, but others have becqme nearly as popular. A British weekly which devotes column to printing soldiers requests for gifts which will add to their comfort or pleasure, has of late. contained more requests for Keep the Home Fires Burning till the Boys Come Home." than any other song. This song was
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-07-25

authorities for fighting craft until 1850, when wooden beams in certain warships were replaced by iron.
Morris tribune., 1917-12-07
NEED KNITTED GOODS
AND NEED THEM NOW
Message From Red Gross Headquart-
ers Discount Reports to the Con-
trary

In recent telegram received from
Harvey D. Gibson, general manager
of the American Red Cross, he says:
"Our soldiers must have more sweat
ers, wristlets, and socks, and they
must have them right away"
cit is imperative" declares Mr..
Gibson, that all of the sweaters,
wristIets and socks that can possibly
be made by the women of the coun-
try should be turned in to the sup
ply. department at the earliest pos
sible dates. With the cold weather
coming on, the demand for sweaters
especially has been beyond the cap
acity of all our resources to supply.
We have forwarded promptly all
knitted articles received from the
chapters"
Many women have asked to give
up the knitting until after the holt
days, but if they consider the well
Morris tribune., 1917-12-07
RED CROSS CHAPTER
WILL PUT ON PLAYS
Dates Not Definitely Fixed, But
Sometime Within Week or Ten =.
Days

The social benefit committee of the
local Red Cross chapter is planning
big evenings entertainment some
time within the next week or ten
days. The date cannot be definitely
set at this time, as so many of those
who take part are in the Home
Guards and at present in st. Paul,
but it will be set within the next
few days.
There will be two plays, two ia
bleaux and musical numbers. The
program follows:
Tableau, "Uncle Sam backed by
the spirit of TO"
Play, "The twelve-pound look. -
Cast: Mr.. Cherry, Mrs. Voss and
Miss Miligren.
Musical numbers. J.
Play, "The dumb wife, Cast:
Mr.. Schweikhar, Miss King, Mr..
O'Connell, Mr.. Kreiss, Mr.. Harry
Adams, Paul Putnam, Mr.. Frame,
Mrs. Frame, Mrs. Cherry, Miss Wirdi-
man and Mr.. Stegner.
Tableau, "The flags" with Mrs.
Brandt singing the Star Spangled
Banner.
Bugle calls by Mr.. Scott.
Morris tribune., 1917-12-07
AMONG THE CHURCHES
CONGREGATIONAL Church

At the morning service the pastor
will speak upon the subject, 1.-THE
War and Public Health The ser
mon of the evening will be What
the Bible has to say about the World
War"
The Christian Endeavor Society
meets at GAS p. m. Miss Beatrice
Brisbane will lead the meeting. All
young people invited.
The Women's Missionary Union
will meet at the church on Friday
afternoon at 800 o'clock. Mrs.
Hemming will lead the discussion.
The subject is, Armenia" The
magazines and newspapers have been
and are, giving much space to the
terrible conditions of the Armenian
people. The ladies are asked to
come prepared to take part in the
program. Mrs. WEIGH, Mrs. Richard
son and Mrs. M. z. Grove are the
hostesses and will serve a lunch at
the close of the program. This is
the last meeting before the new year
and all members are asked to see
that their dues are paid for the year
You are given a cordial invitation
to all the services of this church.
F. A. Stever, Pastor.