davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1917-04-12
FIELD DAY CONTESTS.
Oratorical Events This Evening, Field
Events Friday Morning.

The Bamberg county oratorical
contest and field day will be held
at the Bamberg graded school build
ing Thursday evening. April 18th.
and Friday, April 18th. On Thurs
day evening at $50 o'clock, the high
school contest will be held. In this
contest one boy and one girl from
each high school in the county is al
lowed to speak. On Friday morning
at 10 o'clock the pupils of the differ
ent schools will assemble for the men
tai contest and the lower grade decla-
nation and recitation contest. These
will begin promptly at 1890 o'clock.
From II to l o'clock the pupils and
all who are present will have dinner
on the school grounds. Everybody is
urged to bring dinner. At 1870
o'clock the schools will parade
through the streets of the town. At
o'clock the athletic programme will
begin and be carried through in rapid
order. This part of the programme
will be carried through by Messrs.
Whitaker and Daniel, of Carlisle
school. All contestants must be reg
istered and at their assigned places
when the events are announced. Fail
ure to comply with this rule will rule
out any contestant who is not at his
assigned place. Let every contest
ant be at his place and avoid con-
fusion. Information can be had con-
corning all events by coming to the
graded school office.
This is to be a great day for the
school children of Bamberg county.
and it is hoped that every school in
the county will attend with the en-
tire school. 1t is hoped also that the
merchants of Bamberg will close for
the few hours of the programme. 1t
is the earnest desire of the field day
committee that the people of Bam-
berg will give the pupils of all the
schools such pleasant day that they
will always look forward to the COM
ing of field day with great pleasure.
This can be done with the hearty CO.
operation.
The names of the judges are as
follows:
Glass A-Arithmetic, Mr.. Good
win and Miss Naomi Sandifer; alge-
bra, Mr.. Hucks and Miss Newsom;
geometry, Mr.. McCown and Mr.
Fairey: Latin, Miss Howell and Miss
Jones; English (composition), Miss
Boyd and Miss Garland; history, Den
mary history teacher and Miss Net
tie sandifer; spelling, Miss Bomar
and Miss Schuette.
Class B-Arithmetic, Mr.. Fender
9th grade), Mrs. Murdaugh (bth
grade), Miss Martin (5th grade),
geography, Mr.. Axon 9th grade)'
Miss Jordan (6th grade), Miss Kern
(5th grade); spelling, Miss Town
send 9th grade), Miss Rose 18th
and 9Th grades); reading, Misses
CLAYTON. Kitty Hooton, Violet Ander-
son and Moore.
Glass C-Arithmetic, Miss Clink-
scales (2nd and 3rd grades), also
Misses Moore and Ruth Anderson;
reading (1st, End, 3rd and 4th
grades), Misses Beatty, Dixon and Lo-
gan; spelling, Misses Hungerpiller
and Black.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1917-04-12
Roll of Pensioners.


write to the clerk, and check will
nailed promptly:
CLASS A." $4,000.
G. w. Clayton, Ehrhardt.
]. w. Bessinger, Bamberg.
G. w. Bessinger, Bamberg.
H. F. Pearson, Bamberg.
J. G. Rentz, Bamberg.
J. H. Zeigler, Bamberg.
J. B. Hunter, Bamberg.
A. Wilson, Bamberg.
CLASS B." $1,000.
]. C. Copeland, Bamberg.
CLASS &C." NO. l, S4S.00.
A. R. Dempsey, Midway.
R. C. Dempsey, Midway.
G. w. Garland, Bamberg.
G. H. Kearse, Bamberg.
J. E. Mcmillan, Bamberg.
NJ. Smoak, Bamberg.
T. H. White, Bamberg.
CLASS &C." No. 2, $4,000.
L. NJ. Eaves, Govan.
William Griffin, Bamberg.
D. S. Hartzog, Denmark.
H. n. Hadwin, Denmark.
G. D. Hanberry, Bamberg.
J. H. Mccormick, Bamberg.
C. M. Mcmillan, Bamberg.
j. G.. Nimmons, Govan.
j. w. Priester, Ehrhardt.
J. D. Robinson, Bamberg.
w. P. Sandifer, Bamberg.
J. H. Stoudemire, Bamberg.
CLASS &C." No. 8, S4S.O0.
Lucia Ray, Govan.
CLASS &C." No. 4, $4,000.
Elizabeth Beard, Bamberg.
Jane Brabham, Olar.
NJ. "A. Black, Ehrhardt.
Susannah Blume, Denmark.
S. A. Bishop, Ehrhardt.
Georgiana Brown, Midway.
H. NJ. Carter, Bamberg.
R. A. Chisolm, Bamberg.
Susan Carter, Bamberg.
D. c. Chitty, Ehrhardt.
Cornelia J. Dunn, Bamberg.
NJ. ]. Eaves, Bamberg.
Emily Fail, Denmark.
NJ. A. Gillian, Bamberg.
Emma Grimes, Govan.
NJ. A. HERS, Ehrhardt.
Jane Hutto, Denmark.
NJ. A. Inabinet, Bamberg.
Sylvania Jones, Bamberg.
Mary L. Jones, Bamberg.
Alice Johnson, Bamberg.
NJ. L. Johns, Bamberg.
Regusta Kirkland, Bamberg.
G.. A. Kinard, Ehrhardt.
NJ. A. Mcmillan, Bamberg.
NJ. V. Muse, Bamberg.
Matte Main, Olar.
L. A. Martin, Denmark.
Mary Myers, Denmark.
Nellie Morris, Olar.
Eliza Morris, Bamberg.
Adeline Neal, Bamberg.
Lizzie Neville, Bamberg.
NJ. ]. LaFitte, Bamberg.
Fannie Phillips. Bamberg.
Annie Smoak, Bamberg.
.Rebecca Smoak, Bamberg.
Ellen Steedly, Bamberg.
Elizabeth Starr, Olar.
Delilah Smoak, Olar.
NJ. E. Smith, Denmark.
Eliza Thompson, Bamberg.
Sallie R. Tindal, Denmark.
Sarah Ann Faust, Denmark.
NJ. E. Tant, Bamberg.
Nora Touchstone, Denmark.
J. A. Zeigler, Denmark.
Mary E. Walker, Denmark.
E. N. Wright, Bamberg.
Maggie Wilson, Bamberg.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1917-04-12

REQ the Fifth, five passenger tour
ing car and three passenger runa-
bouts, 35 H. P. Can furnish them
in wide guage, 6U-inch tread. The
only car for heavy sand roads. Tnls
car is the best finished, largest and
most powerful at the price in Ameri-
ca. Price $S50.O0, F. o. B. Lansing,
Mich. J. W. BARR, Distributor,
Bamberg, S. C. Live Agents wanted
in Oraneebnrg county. 4-19.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1917-04-12

Mr.. Nessler has been in Bamberg
for several weeks, having come here,
he said, for his health. 1t is under
stood that he has been released from
custody.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1917-04-12
SPECIAL NOTICES.
Under This Head 25c.
For Is Words or Less.

For Sale-Dry stove wood; deliver
ed on short notice. B. F. FREE, Bam-
berg, S. C.. tt.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1917-04-12

Why Let Your storage batteries
run down? We have installed up-to-
date machinery and Guarantee all
work. Electric troubles specially.
MUTUAL GARAGE. Denmark, S. G.
The Bamberg herald. [volume] (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, 1917-04-12

For Sale-A few bushels Of big
boil King Cotton seed. Apply to J.
T. O'NEAL, Bamberg, S. c. 1t.
For Sale-Imperial Barred Rock
eggs, 75c per setting. Apply to MISS
ROBERTA JOHNSON, Bamberg, s.
e. 4-26.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04
INAUGURAL

The inaugural reception held at the
Capital Tuesday evening from eight to
eleven o'clock raj one long to be re.
membered by the new state officials as
well as the out-going officers. At an
early hour the corridors were thronged
with spectators and those who took
part In the evenings entertainment,
many people from over the state being
in attendance.
The line of march was formed short
ly after eight O'Clock and the distin.
guished guests shook hands with many
hundred people.
The inaugural ball took place at the
Auditorium last evening. At 9 O'Clock
the grand march, led by Senator H. g
Jaynes and Mrs. Norbeck and Govern
or Norbeck and Mrs. Jaynes, took
place. the line of march taxing the ca.
pacity of the building, which had beer
beautifully decorated for the occasion
Peck's we'll known orchestra of Wat.
ertown furnished music for both the
inaugural reception and ball.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04
FERoCiTY ON THE STAGE.
saIvini as olhello Was a Terror to His
D~esdenona.

Salvini as Cthel!o Was a Terror to His
Desdenona.
So abandoned was Salyini at times
that it was difficult to believe that the
force was at all governable. Though
there would have been time just be-
fore the fifth act to u owe my i'm
portant scene with him, it was not
done. In this act Desdemona's bed
was placed in what seemed from in
front to be AN alcove, but the alcoye
vas not boxed in, and 1 could stand
right up against the bed.
Before the act began Miss Brooklyn,
who played Desdemona With sweetness
and appealing grace, impIored salyini
to be gentle. Nov. Mr.. Salvini,' she
begged, "do be careful, won't you?"
He playfully promised. When, after
she was, asleep, he drew the curtains OF
the bed aside and gazed down upon
her l stood within five feet of him.
The scene that ensued was at such
close range very poignant. l did not
wonder that she had implored him to
be gentle. AS he was choking her with
the pillows she kept gasping in broken
whispers of real terror between her
heard outcries and means: 'Oh, Mr..
Salvini! Please, please, Mr.. Salviniw!
Sickened and fascinated, l watched
him, and l did not make connection
with the real world again until Emilia
that vigorous and intelligent actress,
Mrs. Bowers-made her round off
scene at the back of the stage, calling,
Murder, MURDER Then l rushed
headlong to Iago, for | knew that L
must shortly go ON.
OF what happened that first night l
have no clear picture. | was dazed by
the sudden transition from the dark
ness where l had stood and seen Des,
demona strangled a few feet away to
the torches of the stage and q world
which in comparison to the one l had
just left was palpable acting. Docile-
ly 1 hurried after EaGo and took my ap-
pointed place. But / should not have
been in it when the time came had not
terror rooted me rather than given me
legs, for the f~erocity With which
Othello ran at Iago and the rage that
distorted his textures We're uneNam-
pied. 1t was one thing to have seen
it directed elsewhere and another to
find it plunging your way.-"A Super
With Salvini,'' by Algernon Tassin, in
Scribner's.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

II. Leee sherry. 172 N. Halsted
Street, Chicago, Ill, General Sales
Manager of the largest concern of
its kind in the world, wants three or
four men in Hughes. county and sew
erai men in adjoining counties, to
work for him spare time or
All the time. he can use only
ttose who have q rig or auto. Work
8 very pleasant and no previous
selling experience is necessary. Work
consists of leaving a. wonderful new
household necessity III the homes on
free trial. Tests are more than thir-
~ of the leadiDg UNIVERSITIES and the
Government Bureau of Standards
show this new article to be four
times as efficient as articles now in
general use in this section. Article
is needed in every rural home and
benefits every member OF the house.
t'eld, bringing cheer, comfort and
happiness into the home. Not neces.
7ary to be away from home nights.
Pay from SO 90 to SIS 90 per day &C
cording to ability and number of
homes visited. Ia writing Mr.. Shop
~, mention what townships will be
most convenient for you TO work in:
what your regular occupation is;
your age; married or single; how
long you have lived in the commun-
ity; what kind Of a rig or auto YOU
have; whether you wish to work
spare time or steady; how much time
you will have to devote to the work:
when you car start, and about how
many homes are within six miles of
you in each direction. This ia a
splendid opportunity for several men
ia Hughes county and counties ad-
joining to make good money. working
steady or spare time. Some of the
field men earn $500 per month; one
farmer earned 81, 900 working spare
time only. No investment or bond
necessary.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

The number Of fires suppressed on Ma
tonal Forest lands during the year 1915
vas 6,324, as against 7,0ls in 1914, and
o. average annual number of Also dur
Ing the past five years, says Henry S.
Graves, chief of the Forest Service, in
bic annual report. While more than the
average number Of fires occurred the
tmbered area burned over was but 1885,
l1o acres, or 80 per cent less than the
average per year for the period lo11-l5
inclusive. The average loss per fire was
460.4l. Forty-four per cent of the fires
we're confined to areas ofless than one-
quarter Of an acre.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04
The Pierre Free Press
BY A. G. sATTEKLEE.
PUBLISHED AT THE STATE oAPITA1
$3.50 ri YEAR In ADvAscE.
COUNTY OFFICIAL PAPER
Untered at the Post-Ofice -ntPierre. South D
kota. as mail matter Of the second class.

January and the year came in like
= lamb" as to weather and as TO peace
and war talk. It remains to see if they
60 out accordingly TO the run of that
old adage, come in like q lamb go out
like a lion.' AS to war and peace
matters over in Europe entente refus-
oil to talk peace and the indications that
the war must 60 on may be regarded
~ the lion act, so there might be hope,
II there was anything inthat old adage,
that there would be more to the peace
proposition by the end of the month Or
the year. Let US hope there is some
thing to the adage. We will be able
to stand blustery and stormy weather
ct the end of both the month and the
year if only there a be an end of the
war and q beginning of lasting peace.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

What becomes of all the gold
more than $500, 900. 900 during 1916
that Europe has shipped to this coun-
try to pay the difference between
what it has bought of US and what 1t
has sold to US? Most Of it promptly
nnds its way to the New York assay
ONCE or to the Philadelphia mint,
where 1t is melted into bars and ingots
that can later be recoined into Unit.
ID States money. Such is the absol-
ute value Of gold that a ton of it is
worth the same, whether it is in solid
bars OF sis stamped as British sover.
signs or American eagles.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR

DEPARTMENT. OF INTERIOR
Ten mines in Arizona paid 1874, OOO,-
900 in dividends during the past year.
Adding Utah, Montana, Nevada and
Idaho dividends to those of Arizona
we havea total of over 800, 00O, 900
IN dividends paid out of the mines of
these FIVE western states in q single
year.
THESE are some of the impressive
facts brought out by the report Of the
Geological Survey to Secretary Lane
just made. Never before" said Mr..
Lane, has SO large a draft been made
on the natural resources of our coun-
try as during this year, and never be-
fore have the metals been extracted
from these ores with less waste or
utilized to better advantage in ad.
vancing the general prosperity of the
country. Even as written In the
plain figures of 1915 production the
wonderful record of our mines sets
forth degree of national industrial
independence only hoped for q few
years ago.
Again copper stands out az the
best illustration ct how American
mines can meet a world demand. The
output of nearly 2 billion pounds OF
the red metal is double that Of ten
years ago and its value is twice that
Of the copper produced in 1915. Add
to tails the facts that in value copper
now contends with iron for tirst place
among the metals and that together
the amount Of these two metals pro-
duced last year had 9 value OF more
than one billion dollars and we have
a measure Of what this country can
contribute In useful metals.
1.-THE output of zinc from domestic
ores increased last year 95.0 900 tons,
which makes 2 new record for that
metal, the total value Of spelter from
United States ore being $50 million
dollars, Lead also shows q large in
crease. the Is million dollar output
being 8 gain OF more thans50 per cent.
with all this activity in metal
production the coal mines have had
TO meet ! heavy demand, 30 that the
3bituminous coal output has now pass
ed the half-billion ton mark, a In
crease OF 1233ff per cent over the pre-
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

million barrels, or II million barrels
more than In 1915.
"These advance statements not
only show that 1916 marks . new adj
vance for the mineral industry Of the
country, but this remarkable increase
promises to be approximately Is per
cent over the 1915 production. so that
we may expect the final figures to
show a total of three billion dollars"
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

Because of the debts of 1868 Iowa
municipalities were increased in the
average sum Of 1882. 50 within the
past year, several expert accountants
feel disposed to leave the state to es-
cape ruin. ss
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04
Few Norvvsaians Can Swim.

It is a curious fact, says the London
Lancet, considering the geography Of
the country, that the proportion Of Nor.
wegians who can swim is small, the
number Of deaths in Norway from
downing being about COO a veal. Only
about II per cent Of all the school chill
dren between the ages of twelve and
fifteen have learned to swim. Norwe-
CLAN sailors ray the extreme GOODNESS
Of the waters! that lave their shores
accounts Tor thia
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

y may be true that the only reason
Germany proposes peace is because
she urgently needs it. But the same
reason might be an excellent one for
the allies accepting the protfered olive
branch,
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

Congressman Royal Johnson, of the
second South Dakota district, has in
trodpced a bill making it q federal Of
Tense TO steal q ride on a railroad.
We can see where Royal will lose out
on the hobo vote next time.-Argus-
Leader.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

Dr. Geo. A. Pettigrew of Sioux
Fails, has been elected president of
the board OF directors of the South
Dakota Children's Home society,
70 succeed Geo. Schlosser of Water
town.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

Almost nine billion dollars was the
aggregate value Of all crops Of the coun-
~ last year. In an estimate announced
Tuesday by the Department Of Agricul-
tnre the exact value was set at $8,o34,-
81. O00. That was an increase of $2,l65,-
$4,000 over the average Of the years
1910 to 1914.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

We are told that Carranza is defiant
md we know that Villa is insolent.
But some day even the Mexicans will
Tire Of that precious pair and throw
them into the ocean.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

It 10 predicted that the war will end
Daring the coming summer. Nobody,
however,. has the courage to guess
whom the Mexican trouble will be adj
fnnkad
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

Those bomb cigars are an improve
INT over the ordinary Christmas ci-.
~ for the reaso that, the smoker
Detishss more quickly.-sioux Falls
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

Hopes that Capt. Koenig's trim
little commercial craft would set the
fashion for U-boats in general are
rapidly fading.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04
THE LEGISLATIVE BODY

When the legislature reassembled to
day it found many members ready
with bills covering a wide range of
subjects, some Of them carrying out
the recommendations made by Govern
or Norbeck in his inaugural message,
prepared to get in early in line with
the apparently unanimous intention to
avert a crush in the later days of the
session.
Among the most important bills to
get started on its way in the house to-
day was one designed to carry out the
provisions of the federal rural credits
amendment adopted by congress last
fall, framed along the lines suggested
by the governor in his message. 1t
provides for a Estate land bank" with
an appropriation of $500, 900, to be con
trolled by a board Of governors com
posed of the governor of the state and
other state officials. The bill also pro-
vides for the management and control
OF the bank and all funds in detail.
Appointments to committees are
expected to be announced tomorrow.
Speaker Roberts and Lieut.. Gov. Nc
Masters are busy completing their
selections for the various bodies.
The actual grind of the session will
not begin until the committees are,
named and begin their work.
Tuesday, in addition to A. C. Roberts
who was chosen speaker of the house
of representatives, the other officers of
the legislature are:
Chief Clerk-Charles r. Gardner,
Rec Heights.
First Assistant-C. G.. st. Johns,
Clear Lake.
Second Assistant-A. Clay Darling,
Aberdeen.
Bill Clerk-John Fl. Wooley, High
more.
Sergeant at Arms-Edward Moscrip,
Harrisburg.
Assistant Sergeant Martin Munson,
Sioux Falls.
Chief of the engineering force-H.
w. Gardner, Huron
Postmaster-E. d. Stoddard, of
Pierre.
Messenger-Arthur Newin, Knott.
Proofreader-G. M. Livingston, of
Pierre.
The senate, for reasons known to the
leaders, met for the first time in years
IN secret caucus to select their officers.
The leading places filled follow:
Secretary-W. N. VanCamp.
First Assistant-Joseph Whisman,
of Huron.
Second Assistant--Joseph S~esseton.
Bill Clerk-Will Lockhart, Morrison
town.
Sergeant at Arms-E. P. Farr, Of
Pierre
postmaster-G. e. Mackey. Clark.
Messenger-Henry Walter. Lead.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

The quarterly statement Of the
county treasurer and auditor will APP
pear in this paper next week.
Pierre weekly free press. (Pierre, S.D.) 1889-19??, 1917-01-04

The New Year brought an abund-
ance of neglected opportunities for
good resolutions in an International
way.
Carroll County democrat. (Huntingdon, Tenn.) 188?-1971, 1917-02-09
Fish Farming.

That fish can be raised as profit
able farm crop is the belief of the
state College Of Agriculture at Cor
nell The college authorities are plan
ming to add to their present fish hatch
cry a series Of ponds in which the fish
may be kept and reared to maturity
under known conditions. Up to the
present time there has been scarcely
any scientific fish Saising, and most of
the hatcheries are raising "fry" and
turning them loose in the streams to
shift for themselves. The only places
where trout are raised to any extent
are on commercial farms, and even
there the process has not been stand
ardized nor has the problem received
the study necessary to place fish rails
ing on a practical basis. The Ques-
ton of the best fish foods and how to
provide them, the selection Of breeding
stock and the best methods of fish pond
management have been neglected, and
1t is these questions that the college
hopes to solve.
Carroll County democrat. (Huntingdon, Tenn.) 188?-1971, 1917-02-09
WOMAN ATTACKED BY FOX
Going to the Rescue of Her Pet Cat.
New Jersey Woman Is Bitten
Twice.

Paterson, N. J.-Mrs. l.. B. Smith
reported to the police that she was
attacked and bitten by a fox when she
attempted to rescue a pet cat In the
darkness in her dooryard. A strip Of
flesh was torn from her arm.
Hearing the cats cries late in the
night, Mrs. Smith went into the yard
and saw the pet in the rays Of the
window lamp In grapple with the
fox. She tried to brighten the fox
away, but the intruder only frightened
his grip on the cat. Mrs. Smith,
grabbing him by the neck, tried to
drag the fox away, but he turned and
bit her twice, digging his teeth through
the flesh of her left arm below the ell
bow.
Undaunted Mrs. Smith seized a
stick and drove the fox away. A ply
stefan attended her injuries.
Carroll County democrat. (Huntingdon, Tenn.) 188?-1971, 1917-02-09
HARVARD KILLS OFF RATS
College Doing Utmost to Safeguard
the Health of Its Students.

Boston.-Harvard is doing It's ut
most to keep its students fit.
Recently a campaign against rats
was concluded, SO that IL there was
any possibility that they were the
carriers of lnfantile paralysis, its raw
ages at Harvard would be reduced to
the utmost minimum.
To further safeguard the students,
the raw milk In all Of the university
dining halls, at the training tables,
and as far as possible in all the eat
Ing places in Cambridge Is being pas
teurized. The water used in all these
places Is examined almost daily.
Melville G. Whipple. sanitary in
spector at Harvard, is also watching
the various other food supplies, meth
DDS of service and makes frequent ex-
aminations Of conditions under which
food Is served. All food handlers as
far as possible are examined for the
presence Of contagious disease.