davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1917-04-26
LOUD CHEERS
WHEN FRENCH
SEE LANSING

IHy Associated TresS.I
WASHINGTON, April 26.-Ar-
thur BaIf0ur of the British COM
mission and Secretary of Treas
ury McAdoo have reached a COM
plcte understanding Of the f.
nance. trade, shipping, banking,
exchange and kindred problems
affecting The United States and
Great Britain, il is announced To-
day.
Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current, 1917-04-26
NEVADA NOW
LEADING IN
RECRUITING

WASHINGTON. April RI. Ncrada lcd
all states IN proportIonate recruiting Tor
the regular army between April ! and -
by contributing 9l.l per cent "a her war
quota. which j. based On approximate
population. Oregon. Indiana, Utah, llh-
noi~ and Kansas ranked next In order.
Texas, with war quota of 1892, shows a
percentage Of ls.0.
BRITISH BLACKLIST WITHDRAWN
LONDON. Aprii RI. The British ship
PING hluci.li-, WV .rr a. th- n.'.l ,>!.t-.
+. concerned '... !."a ..ll.i .r-.-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-04
Medical Students Pursue Their
Studies and Serve Italy

Another striking feature of the Italian good
sense and ability to get the most out OF SIT
nation is precisely the establishing of large
medical university at Nogara San Giorgio. AS
the town is not far behind the lines, the wound
ed are received here fresh from the trenches
In this practical coege-housed in tents
Young medical students under arms are en-
abed to continue uninterruptedly their courses
while serving their country and their king,
and this. it is needless to point out, in the
most instructive and tangible conditions Sucn
q combination of theory and altrustic practice
is rare.
From the moment of my arrival | was re-
peatedly urged on all sides not to miss seeing
the great Ospeddlc Communicable in the en-
virons of Udine. When therefore, the oppor-
tunity came for visiting this, as it were, piece
dc resistance, took it with very consider
able curiosity. The results justified, and most
amply. too. the earlier recommendations. The
ContunncidIc-a term in which is concealed
our word contumdcious, and which refers to
cases from the suspect zone-has been IN
stalled in quadrangular series of buildings,
before the war uSed'as a soldiers barracks.
The hospital has capacity of 5000 beds The
skill and cleverness in the amazing adaptation
Of these bleak, barren structures to the pur-
pose in hand are altogether laudable. Indeed,
| venture to say, and not at all without ade-
quate reflection that the Contamdcidle is the
finest camp hospital existing to-day in the
Allied lines The general effect Of it is, if one
may use the term, clustering. The use of
whitewash has not stopped at walls and cell
ings: even the floors have been subjected to
these candid applications Light, air and sun
pour through the immense wards. Here, as
indeed in every other hospital ! saw, there
is a complete absence of fetid smells. Money
has not been spared to equip this hospital with
the most modern and ingenious apparatus. not
alone for the needs of the surgeons, hut also
for the simplifying of the tremendous require
ments in the mere running of so huge an in
stitution. For example, the daily consumption
of linen for 5000 patients assumes fantastic
proportions The hospital laundry is there
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-04

was apparent from the outset that no half
way measures would answer. The remedy
must be radical. She set about the work
The trenches are first whtewashed from end
to end, this withdrawing being renewed every
fifteen days. The villages on the road to the
Carso where the marching troops stop for re-
pose have to undergo like recurrent baptisms
of lime The soldiers in the trenches must
touch only such specially prepared drinking
water as shall be supplied to them by their
officers. Artesan wells are dug behind the
lines, the water of which is pped and pumped
as near as possible to the trenches; thence 1t
is carried into them in barrels. Recipients OF
medcated water are supplied for the enforced
washing of the soldiers hands before and after
every meal. No smallest bit Of refuse is per-
noitted anywhere about. To avoid one of the
most sinister dangers of infection a special
type of portable metal latrine, covered is pro-
vided, it's contents being lined and buried out
side the trench. Having done all this, each
man of the $4,000 in the stricken sector was
obliged to undergo a medical examination
which included an analysis of his excrement
The magnitude of the undertaking is evident
In the summer of 1916 there was not a case
of cholera in the Italian lines.
have touched upon the matter of the trans
portation Of the soldiers from the trenches to
the camp hospital. Now | should like to note
some Of my impressions of the camp hospitals
themselves Here as otherwhere the Italians
have learned the value of the sautary white
wash. In the dozens of ospeddJeth as they
are called, which / visited ! saw no one OF
them which was not adequately clean, airy and
with fair beds. and very many which were al
most painfully immaculate-the degree OF
brightness depending naturally on the per-
sonal quality of the surgeon in charge. ms
whitewashed austerity applies equally, let me
saw. to the rudest post of first aid and to the
intermediary sezioni di santa. Hospitals, TOO
for the specialized treatment of the terrible
disfguring face wounds, so characteristic OF
the present war, are rapidly increasing THIS
cross between dentistry and surgery, with Its
attendant plastic work, is a new element IN
the surgical world and owes its rise and re-
markable progress almost entirely to our
American initiative The work of DR.. Perna
in the fine Toppo hospital of Udne is IN this
connection particularly distinguished, especial
" his results in the remaking of shattered
Jaws.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-04

in the summer months, disposes of this serious
alarm. Apart from the wounds by projectiles
or by the showers Of rocks and stones let loose
by the projectilcs as they hurtle furously
against the mountain sides, the ordinary Ills
to be dealt with arc frozen feet and hands
and rheumatism. But in general the health
of these superb Alpine troops-the Aipinj-
is the most enviabe in the world.
It is, however, on the lower Carso front where
the greatest danger lies-that waste barren,
rocky region, where the intrenching of ones
self in the earth is definitely precluded by the
hard fact that there is appreciable earth
TO dig into. Here at this point is the real
Italian war; here are massed the greatest num-
bers of troops. Hanging desperately for year
on these hostile hsides in trenches made Of
stones and sand bags, shallow trenches blasted
out of the rocks, these many thousands Of men
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-04
What the "FIying Ambulance"
Is and Does

One of the most interesting developments
arising from the demands of modern surgery,
peremptory in even the exigencies of war, has
been the flying ambulance, as we may term it.
The problem is, of course, how to get as near
to the firing lines as possible a thoroughly
equipped hospital with heated operating room,
with the X-ray apparatus ETC., which shall at
the same time be a mobile unit, capable Of
rapid pulling up of stakes and moving for
ward or back as the case may demand.
The Italian Sanitary Corps has hit upon a
very happy type of "hyng" unit, a type which
seems admirably to answer every requirement
and which also is uniquely their invention. One
of these remarkable movable hospitals, or an.
balances, | saw in operation at GradIsca. ~
ready there are several of them in the army
and the number is being increased as rapidly
as NAV be, for the cost Of the unit is no neon
siderable factor On the march the amou'
lance entire is contained IN some twelve or
fourteen huge Fiat motor trucks, comprehend'
ing also the accommodations for the Judgement
of the surgeons and the staff The outht IS
hacked in a series Of specially made chests OF
trunks. When the unit in question halts and
chooses its working position. these chests pro
duce a superior quality Of double tents WIN
windows, for the operating room, for the y
raw room, the room for the developing OF tne
cIich6s. There are the tents for the wounoea
some fifty or sixty beds; and tents Tor the
officers and the staff of the ambulance and Tor
their personal needs, and tents for the kitchen
Portable flooring is provided for the operating
and X-ray tents One of the camlons IS o.
voted to the necessary plant for steam heat
ing. electric lighting and for the A-ray sp'
paratus. The amazing result of all THIS IS tha'
in a comparatively small number OF hours
beautifully complete ambulance, provided WIN
every modern convenience for the periectio'
of the surgeons task, rises effectively on Inc
very edge of the battle.
Another and simpler movable type is the
common Italian army oSpedalctto IhIs un'
is likewise contained in its entirety IN con-
siderable number of small, stout cases, trans
ported in twos on mueback. The teRts are
Of less costly quality, with windows oil ole'
silk. Such a unit disposes of hfty-four os~
for wounded men. There Is no A-ray SP'
paratus nor, it is unnecessary to say, are wv
tents steam heated The operating room hss
instead a small stove. An especial value :"
this ambulance lies in TIE fact that by meS"'
of the mules Git is doubtful whether the "S'
could continue at all without the precious
army muleD it can penetrate easily 70 Wv
advanced mountain posts.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-04
A Summary of the Work OF INK
Italian Red Cross

1t must be remembered that in the case y.
this unit. as indeed with the former II
rarely necessary to confne itself to the Nn.~
Of its tents. Either the hospital takes up ~
quarters in some convenient building alrssS
on the spot, or the soldiers supplement- ".
available space by the construction OF s0'D.
sort of barracks, thus doubling the eiie'e'T
of the unit. ~.
II remains 20 speak now Of the work OF y.
Italian Red Cross. Here in Italy It maln'S'.,
a high standard of worth Under its supe
vision are sixty or more finely run hospI's'
some of them of great capacity-st the i've
to say nothing of the many auxiliary am
lance units located there. Through the n''s,
Of the Red Cross, if am not mistaken ~,
something like one-third of the enure -
and wounded in Italy's war. In the la'sis
cities the Red Cross hospitals are ex1ts''~
narily well equipped and directed. l"s
cicty. by the aid of its many friends ana -
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-04

fore provided with quantity OF electric and
steam appliances for the rubbing, the wiring
ing the drying, the ironing Of the endless
white stream. There are plants for steam
heating, electric light plants plants for the \.
rays and the steam dsinfecting Of the SOL
diers' garments. There is department Of
bacterology and experiment. There are huge
magazines of supplies of every sort. There
are the great spotess kitchens, and their at
tendant refrigerating and store rooms. In the
Communicable, as in every other hospital Of the
front, the wounded are not confined TO the
regular army ration-which, in passing, let me
assure you is particularly good in quality and
quantity-but have a special diet suited to
their state of illness.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-04

such means as this, then, the wounded IN the
mountains are finally borne down to the lower
levels where the ambulances can receive them.
As these exposed upper positions are generally
in full view of the enemy, the business Of trans
porting q stretcher is hazardous, an arduous
one, often attended by tragic consequences.
For the Austrian shapshooters have no mercy
on such conveys. A friend Of mine in an Alp
me regiment, who was badly wounded in the
leg last year by an dcldt Of shrapnel, told me
that the stretcher-bearers were from in the
morning till at night trying to get him down
a snow-covered mountain, and that during the
descent two of them were killed and he him
self was freshly wounded in the arm.
There is another, and by far the most spec
tacular means Of getting the wounded man
down from the heights. This is the tetefericd
"a system Of two slender, strong steel cables
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-04
Searching on SkeeS and Snow
shoes for the Helpless

In exceptional moments of this sort natu-
rally every variety Of vehicle is temporarily
commandeered for the occasion, even to two
wheeled, painted Sicilian carts. The standard
ambulance of the army is, however, heavy
Fiat car, capable of carrying six stretchers or
twelve or fourteen "sitters." These cars are
extremely powerful, extremely well construct
ed: for experience has taught the Italians that
il is only such type of ambulance which can
respond to the abnormal demands of mountain
roads An ambulance destined to climb, for
example, 1000 metres of steep mountalnside-
and the roads constructed during the past year
by the engineering corps are little snort oil
miraculous-must be necessarily a car OF ex-
traordinary strength and power. There are IN
addition the horse and mule ambulances, be-
sides several clever contrivances adapted to
the motorcycle and the bicycle. A useful ar
rangement for the carrying Of two stretchers
on a hurry call" has been devised for the
former. whereby the stretchers are placed one
above the other--a system of folding iron
frames-at the side of the rider. Another
variation is the attachment of wheeled
stretcher to the bicycle-a trailer" as it were,
good only for comparatively level roads.
To return for moment to the problems
which have arisen from the exigencies of war
in the clouds" II is only too evident that IN
these mountain Businesses, blanketed for most
months of the year, if not fol, all Of them, with
heavy SHOWS, not only the removal of the
wounded from such heights, but also the search
for them, and the carrying of them to the posts
Of first aid, are fraught with every sort of diff
Guilty and discomfort. Unusual needs breed
unusual remedies. The searcher must do his
work on skees or on snowshoe5. 1t IS then
of prime Importance that his hands be free
for his staff, or if it be night, for his stall and
his lantern. How is this to be done? One de-
vice for answering this question is that OF
harness Of the stoutest canvas, which, roughly,
consists Of n wide belt with shoulder straps, not
unlike a life preserver depending from the
belt on the right and left are two canvas STIR
rups; at the back Of the belt is long forked-
tail will best describe it, perhaps food wide
and four or five feet long. The skeed or snow
shoed searcher, then, buckles on this belt, sets
of for his wounded companion, and finds him
in the snow near one Of those fantastic first
line trenches in the sky. He lifts him and car
ries him pick-a-back, his feet in the stirrups
and the forked tail drawn up over his body,
thus forming a seat, the two points buckling
on the bearers shoulders. His burden secured,
the scarcher returns, his hands completely free
for his own assistance.
Or there is the stretcher-sled, stretcher
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-04
What Undertaking Warfare on
TfaIy'S Frontier Means

1t is in the nature of things impossible that
the outsider should have, with the best VIII in
the world, more than desultory knowledge OF
the Italian fighting lines, knowledge at best
derived from his reading, or more wildly from
the cinematograph. Yet these two mediums
after all fail to convey just the adequate con-
ception. 1t is only by the immediate impress
sion on the eye itself that the magnitude, the
titanic magnitude, of the Italians task reaches
the mark. In the Carso, in the Carnia, In the
Upper and Lower Isonzo, in the Dolomites, IN
the Alpi Giulia, in the Adamello group, the OBJ
server. as he mounts up and up, feels his nina
begin TO stagger at the possibility OF undertake
ing warfare under such awful, such monstrous
conditions. Mountains, mountains, many OF
them forever snow-capped, rise one upon an
other in magnifcently terrible barriers; great,
austere. inclosed peaks guard the hostile horl-
ION. To pass these impossible ranges IS the
Italians herculean labor. To intrench him.
self in the solid rock, in the snow, to hoist MS
cannon by ropes and mules; to hang there be-
tween heaven and earth by his finger tips, and
then to storm the heights beyond.
With a very slight effort of imagination,
then. the reader can easily figure to himself
the complications the army has had thrust
upon itself in the care and transportation OF
its wounded. To get the men out and down
into the valley with the greatest possible expe-
dition and the least possible suffering-that is
the difficult problem. Once on the lower ground,
it is needless to say, the question Of hospitals
and ambulances, Of means and methods OF
transport simply becomes the same as that OF
course of the other peoples at war, and the
handling Of it depends entirely on the quality
Of the people itself
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-04

in this waterless sector run every grim risk OF
infectious disease. And of them all the cholera
gcourge is the most dreaded. But ltaiy's ex-
perience in dealing with this evil in her south
ern provinces stood her in good stead here. In
the summer Of 1915 there were in the Carso
district $4,000 cases of cholera among the
troops. The disease was prevalent at the time
in the Austrian lines. In the contact of the
fighting troops, in the burying of the enemy's
dead, in the cleaning Of a captured trench and
in the taking Of prisoners the CHASTITY infec-
ton is but too ready to propagate itself.
The subsidiary war Italy has waged against
this invisible enemy is worth brief study,
since L illustrates not only one more stern
feature Of her heavy task, but also the thor
oughness and efficiency of her organization. IL
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-04
A Little Simple History of the
Man Wounded

In Italy, as in the other countries, the care
Of the wounded is divided between the army
itself and the Red Cross Association, the lesser
part falling to the latter; but for the moment
/ want to keep to the question Of the sanitary
service Of the army. Now TO understand
something Of the conditions here involved one
must know a little Of the simple history Of the
man wounded. Wounded, then, in due course
Of time he is either somehow carried or makes
his own piteous way back 10 the post Of first
aid. which is but rudimentary station i'm
medately behind the fighting line. Here he
receives his preliminary bandaging, and
thence he is transported as quickly possible
provided his condition permits transporting
AZ ALTO the sezione d. sonitd Of his regiment
well behind the trenches This place is neces-
sarily merely stopping point, with no pre-
tensions 70 being hospital, though provided
with medical stores. These posts are in tele-
phonic communication with the various camp
hospitals, army or Red Cross, in the immediate
vicinity; our wounded man is designated to
one OF them which can receive him. His
stretcher IL showed into "A waiting motor-am-
bulancc, and in a brief time he is in the sur
geon's hands. Or the process may vary
little, in that, instead Of being sent 70 camp
hospital, the man may be taken directly 70
yan-head from the sezione di saritd, put on
board a sanitary train and hurried 10 base
bospitsI bo ono of tho Italian interior cities.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-04
avs Most Spectacular of Getting Wounded Men Down
from the Heights

In these first stages Of travel it is pretty evil
dent that the main factor to be considered IN
reckoning a system good or bad is precisely
the speed with which the wounded man IS re-
moved from the post of first aid and deposited
in the hands of the doctor or the operating
surgeon The second is the relative degree OF
comfort with which this transportation is at
tended. In both these points the Italians are
deserving Of the highest praise. The men
from the front arrive at the camp hospitals no
later than three or four hours after beng
wounded, often in much less time-a remark
ably good record. Nor is it surprising to find,
for instance, at Milan, in the evening" man
who was wounded at the front in the morning,
brought in by special train from distance
of perhaps two hundred miles. Even in the
DAYS of heavy fighting the service continues to
function with noteworthy regularity
A particularly striking instance of the rapid
itv and smoothness which characterize the
evacuation of the wounded, and which do honor
to the Italian sense of organization, is found
in one of the great days of the battle that
stormed so long over the heights about Go
rizia before that city fell into Italian hands
On the 29th of June, at the famous hill of San
Michele. the scene of such long and desperate
Austrian resistance, during pause in the con-
Act the harvest Of the Italian wounded began
at o'clock in the morning. By 2 o'clock the
following morning 1000 men had been removed
from the battlefield, given first aid, and by
pressing into service every possible means OF
transport distributed among available hos
pitfalls; and this was done, it is worth remem-
bering, by 800 men Of the sanitary corps OF
only one sezione di santa; that is to say, Of
one post of allotment If one gets well in mind
what it means merely to search for and carry
from the field (the field here being barbed-
wired mountain) 1000 men, and all this under
fire, he will realize how terrible was the labor
and how expeditiousy it was performed.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-04

q I UDINE, the headquarters Of the Cen
N eralissimo of the Italian army, Ca
Il n dorna, and his staff-the Commando
Supremo-there is a dignifed old palace set
apart as a press bureau ian Uficio Stampo,
they term ~, the retreat of war correspond
ents, Italian and foreign. One sees them
scribbling furiously at an immense green
baised table and subsequently passing on meek
" their copy TO the jovial but heartless censor
in the room beyond. what would you like to
see?" there asked me Colonel B on my
arrival l replied unabashedly, "Your servizlo
al santa which means all the front you will
be good enough to show me-" For the two
factors involved, the front itself and the re-
sultant handling Of the wounded on that front,
their removal from point to point down to the
final base hospital, seemed so closely knit to-
gether that the character of the former was
the ultimate test Of the goodness Of the latter.
So, under the very polite guidance Of the &C
companying oficer-a guidance, had to note,
that as time went on and my good intentions
became the clearer grew into enthusiastic CO.
operation-I began my series of motor jour
neys from Udne to the more characteristic po-
sitions of the Italian front, destined as it later
proved to constitute a pilgrimage of astound-
ing significance.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-04

on which run two pulleys To these is attached
a sort Of car, not unlike "stone boat in shape
and size This troley-serying also for the
mounting of light cannon supples-starts from
a point high up on some peak, and, trayerslng
in its giddy course the intervening valley, de-
posits its burden the opposite side. The
passenger is strapped in securely during the
downward fight. As one car descends, an
other mounts, the machine depending on the
principle of counter balance for its working.
Far more TO be feared. however, than the
cnemy's sharpshooters or their artillery for
these indomitable soldiers Of the SHOWS are the
avalanches. BY far the largest percentage Of
dead and wounded in the mountains is due to
these terrible, treacherous foes, which in their
irresistible advance in a moment sweep men,