davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-09-02
Polish Judges to Administer Justice

AMSTERDAM, September 1-Ac-
cording to the Cologne Gazette. the first
step toward the self-government of
Poland has been taken. From today
justice will be administered in the name
OF the Polish crown and by Polish
judges.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-09-02

reparable harm had been done at home
and abroad by speculations and rumors
based on vague misinformation parao.
ing as truth. The censorship which had
that might have revealed the true state
OF AFFAIRS left Germany at the mercy OF
the unfriendly construction put upon
events by hostile observers in Copen-
hagen. Amsterdam. London and Paris
Most Of the dispatches wrote IN Der
lin at the time, based on first hand in
formation. went into the German CEN
sors waste basket. We were not even
permitted to cable the comment Of the
Berlin press, despite the fact that with
would be across the border in Swttzer-
land. Holland or Denmark, and FAR
from the influence of the German CEN
sor. But throughout the war 1t had
suit.
Michaelis Unknown to Politics.
Bethmann Hollweg said good-by to
power and ambition, and q new man
appeared on the German stage. DR..
Michaelis. undersecretary of the Prus-
sian ministry of finance. a position that
might correspond to that of assistant
state treasurer of Illinois, had made a
big 'csuccess, as a side line. as the die
was a man of action, energy and abil-
fty. but absolutely unknown as a polit-
ica1 factor. Yet in the maze of German
party fntrigues this would be a decided
advantage.
1t was the manner of his coming that
proved the disappointment for those
who hoped the change would have i'm
mediate influence upon the worlds
Judgment Of Germany. and especially
for those who believed that democracy
in Germany had suddenly blossomed
into full flower. They thought the
reichstag would have a real voice in
the election Of a new chancellor. But
it did not.
Leaders Watch Chancellor.
SO far Is 7 can learn not one of the
reichstag leaders knew that the kaiser
had selected DR. Michaelis until they
read of it in the newspapers. They
were not asked to help in the none too
easy task of finding a German states
man competent to take the helm at
such critical time, when so much de-
pended upon real cooperation between
chancellor and reichStag. Nor were
they sounded as to his availability
when the kaiser had found the man he
thought could do the work There was
no by and with the advice and con-
sent of the reichstag" in his appoint
ment.
But the reichstag leaders declared
this Will not derogate from the inf1u-
ence of the German parliament in con-
trolling DR.. Michaelis' policies. None
of his predecessors had been bound. as
he has been bound at the outset of his
iabors. by definite, precise command
concerning the most important duties
OF his post, and compelled to accept a
pledge as the price of his remaining in
office. A west wind still blows in Ger
man politics.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-09-02
o. 8. Action stirs Germany.

But events wereopening German eyes
to the perils of pan-German propa-
ganda. One was the entry of the United
States into the war. The pan-German
shouters for submarine warfare de-
clared the U-boat campaign would end
the war before the United States could
become involved and that even if
America came in it's influence would be
of little import But both promises
were false There is now no doubt in
German minds that but for the partici-
patton of the United States the Russian
revolution would have ended the en-
tente's power. And the submarine cam
paign has decidedly not ended the war.
But in the arguments which led the
people of the United States to indorse
the war the people of Germany found
the echoes of all the pet cries of pan
German threats against the world.
They realized that the people of the
United States had come Into the war
because they believed the charge that
Germany was bent upon world con-
quest, and that the peaceful people of
Germany were but the tools of mill
taristic pan-German ambitions. The
pan-Gcrman menace had come home.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-09-02
FOR SALE

Elevation, $50 feet; half
acre on knoll in Somerset,
Md; extc nsive view
across Potomac Valley;
Wisconsin avenue cars,
2-cent ticket beyond Dis
trict line. Carefully plan
ned for beauty and con-
venience, for owners use;
honestly built under con-
eta nj sun~r1,se;oa u<.l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-09-02
Germans Resent Criticism.


The fact that the people of the United
States also believed that the German
people were voiceless in their own gov
eminent did not make so deep an i'm
preston in Germany. The Germans be-
lieved they were in command of their
own destinies and they did not want
their internal reforms dictated by out
siders. They pointed to the record of
the United States in Mexico and other
Latin American republics. and they
made much of the pacifist promises that
elected Woodrow Wilson President.
1t must be remembered. too, that Ger
many has been just as poorly informed
about what was going on in the world
outside Germany as the world has been
misinformed about the true state Of af-
fairs in Germany. Censorship and crimi-
nal or foolish newspaper enterprise
had done their work well That is an
other sin of world craftsmanship and
Journalism which history must judge.
Not until the German delegates to the
socialist conferences at Stockholm re-
turned did there spread in Germany a
genuine realization of the part that
Germany's lack of parliamentary gov
eminent Of thorough going democracy
played In keeping alive the war fever
In the lands of the entente
Pacifists Hear Truth.
For at this conference the active paci-
fists of Germany met the pacifsts from
hostile countries. And from the latter
they learned how powerfully the charge
of autocracy against the German gov
eminent initiated against the pacifist
propaganda in entente countries.
Again they blamed Chancellor Won
Bethmann Hollweg- Just as in his peace
addresses he had promised new
orientation. and democracy" in terms
that seemed comprehensive enough, yet
they left to the reactionaries, who
the bulk Of the pan-German propaganda
made up the bulk of the pan-German
propagandists. plenty of opportunity to
show that these were futuristic posi-
bilities that had no present bearing.
B The emperors Easter message, which
was drawn up to make this promise
immediate and definite. was touched by
the same blight of uncertainty, and
again there was plenty Of room for
varied and opposite interpretation.
toward opening German eyes Despite
anarchy and pacifism, the revolutionary
government of Russia had been able to
against the German lines To do this
they had again used the fear Of Ger
| many's pan-Germanism as the biggest
incentive for this futile shedding Of
man people saw things in new light?
A dry June threatening the crop pros
poets. shorter rations Of bread and po-
dorf. riots in Stettin. an unpleasan MT
murmur of general discomfort sharp
ened the desire for peace. 1t also
brought home to the political leaders
the need for decisive action.
Historic Reichstag Session Begins.
This was the situation when the
reichstag members came to Berlin for
The July eesston. The socialists had 1t
| - to 80 any ceaert - eeaeeal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-09-02
Erzberger Qualified to Act.

Had he been any one else his ADDRESS
might have gone into the stenoSraphic
records without much result. But Err
berger represented the keystone party
of the reichstag. the party that held
the balance of power; he had been one
of the chancellor's most intimate ad-
visers. he had been a predominant fac
tor in many internal and external
events. and he had high and fmpor-
tant connections at home and abroad.
He was not a man given to speech
making So what he said brought
things about with a jerk. The other
deputies knew ErZberger was far too
clever a politician to take so fateful
step unless he knew he would win out.
and unless he knew that his party was
behind him.
This brought another important item
into the political calculations. AS the
election records show. the socialists
and the centrum divide the mass OF
the common people of Germany be-
tween them. The other parties number
their voters among the ranks OF the
professions. the weather. classes and
the nobility. But the workingmen are
either centrists or socialists Radical
opposites in the tenets of their politi-
cal faith, they have this in common.
And it was this that brought them to-
gether into one of the strangest po-
litical combination ever framed. Both
parties knew what the people wanted.
A coalition of socialists and Catholics
had always before seemed impossible.
Now il was fact.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-09-02
Real Peace Program Wanted.

So things began to happen with a
vengeance. The government officials
whom Erzberger attacked had to an
swer. And if the reports of this secret
session that leaked out were true, Err
berger had the better of it. His
charges that they had misled the reichs-
tag and the people with their subma-
rine promises were but evasively an
swered. He was bitter in his attacks
on the program that had brought Amer
lea into the war. He demanded imme-
date action to set Germany right in
the eyes of its people and of the world.
He wanted a peace program that would
have in II no eyasions and no loop
holes for conquests or intrigues-
The representatives of the govern
ment who were present offered little in
reply. So the commission decided to
summon the chancellor himself and ad-
journed.
The next morning. Saturday. July Z,
Chancellor Won Bethmann Hollweg ap-
peared. But his explanation was little
more than paraphrase of his previous
speeches. 1t satisfied nobody. Tho
members complained that he was still
ing the leadership Of the new coalition
which had complete control of the
reichstag. he tried to put his views, or
lack OF views, into terms that would
satisfy conservatives and radicals alike.
And he failed. He got out into the
middle Of the Rubicon and sat there on
a sandbank while both sides threw
bricks at him. The middle of the Ru-
bicon is no place for a leader in times
kaiser could not save Bethmann Holl-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-09-02
No Definite Peace Program.

The peace speeches of Bethmann
Hoilweg were never quite precise
enough to wipe out pan-German pre-
tensions. That is another sin which an
awakening Germany is laying at the
door of the former chancellor. The
beautiful phrases in which he couched
Germany's desire for peace made the
German people think he was voicing
their hope for a peace of mutual I'M
derstanding-yet they always left the
pan-Germans in command of an arsenal
OF authoritative words from the Ger
man government to proclaim their
hopes of conquest whereupon the war
influences at work in the countries of
Germanys enemies-just as clever and
lust as clamorous as her own pan-Ger-
mans-had little difficulty in convincing
their people that Germany's triumph
would mean the destruction of her foes
Whether an earlier announcement by
Bethmann Hollweg of the peace terms
which now have been proclaimed by
the reichstag would have speeded the
end of the war only history can an
swer. 1t will always be an interesting
speculation as to what would have
happened had he put Germany's terms
into precise form at time when Amer
lea was still neutral, when President
Wilson was urging a peace without
victories. With Russia on the brink of
revolution, with our vast resources
neutral. could the entente governments
have made the restoration of Alsace-
Lorraine and the dismemberment of
Germany and Austro- Hungary attrac-
tive enough to keep their people in the
war?
But that is idle speculation. For even
the Russian revolution did not bring
out precise definition of Germany's
terms. although to those inside her
frontiers there was little doubt that
they We're then just what they are now.
And the war went on.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-09-02
BY OSWALD F. SCHUETTE.
Especial Correspondence of The star
and Chicago Daily News.)

BERN, Switzerland, August 6.-After
three years of war. the situation In
Germany is about like this: As sign
Of the peoples assumption of control
of the destinies of the German empire,
the reichstag forced the resignation OF
Won Bethmann Hollweg. and new
chancellor has been named. The great
task the German people have laid upon
the shoulders of DR.. Michaelis is the
task of making peace.
At first 1t was easy enough to tell
the German people that it was British
envy and French desire for revenge
that armed the people of Europe
against Germany. AS the circle OF Ger
many's enemies grew. its people were
told that the malevolent influence or
British intrigue in the capitals of the
newer accessions had triumphed over
German honesty" But still the circle
OF enemies grew.
The great mass of the German people
believed they were fighting solely for
the defense of their fatherland- They
wanted no conquests. The entente re-
ply to President Wilson in January had
demonstrated anew to them that their
empire would be destroyed il the en-
tente Won This they knew. But what
they did not know, was that the peo-
pie of their enemies felt they had the
same reason to fear Germany The pan
German campaign had borne terrible
fruit. but the German people did not
realize it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-09-02
Leaders Rush to Berlin.

Before he finally laid down the bur-
dens of his heavy ONCE there was
week Of interesting maneuvers. Beth
man Hollweg developed a mastery line
of self-defense. His enemies called II
intrigue. But it awaited nothing. Only
one party came openly to his support
the progressives. less than one-eighth
of the reichstag. Field Marshal Won
Hindenburc and Gen. Ludendorf, Ger
many's military idols. came hurriedly
from great headquarters to explain
that the military situation was in the
best OF shape for fighting things out to
the bitter end. which was construed to
mean that this was no time for a
change. The Austrian ambassador was
reported to have said that Vienna
would like to see Bethmann Hollweg
remain. The crown prince came from
the Nerdun front for a conference with
his imperial father-and the procIama-
ton that promised definitely Prussian
electoral reforms followed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-09-02
Gets Warning Over Phone.

Bethmann Hollwegs position, how
ever, failed to improve. Again it was
the centrum that settled matters. A
party caucus adopted resolution
bluntly declaring it theparty's conyic-
ton that Bethmann Hollweg was a bar
rier to peacemaking. Then they. lust as
bluntly, called up the chancellor's pal
ace on the telephone and read the text
of the resolution TO his secretarv
1t was effective. A little mathematics
had already shown that the centrists
and socialists alone were almost strong
enough to control the reichstag. A 49,
600, 900. 000- mark ts3.15O,0OO. OO0) credit
bill was awaiting action. There was
no open talk of refusal to grant it
such a step would have been truly reyo
lutionary in Germany. But the possi-
bility was always there. After strug-
Cling bravery against his fate, the
chancellor surrendered and resigned.
But his cup OF bitterness was not yet
full. Hardly had he laid down his once
before he was made the target Of such
violent criticism and such cruel
calumny that his enemies almost felt
sorry that they had forced him to step
down. Politicians and newspapers that
had been counted his friends, and whose
programs he had tried to carry out,
saults. Yet to an outside observer il
was but another evidence Of the unripe-
ness of Germany's party political life.
The whole week of the crisis had
demonstrated the same thing. Germany
has not learned the technique of popu-
lar politics.
Gecret Work Disadvantage.
FOR iastanes. throasheut the vssk q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-09-02
Germans Are NOW Awakened
bu War With United States
Correspondent Says That the People Haze Sud-
denly Become Alive to Criticism That
They Are Not Democratic:

sistentIy fought the pan-German pro-
gram from the beginning Of the war.
Since the Russian revolution their
threats of trouble if the government
the junkers had become louder. But
there was q fatal split in the party
ranks, and the majority. despite
Scheidemanns able leadership, had only
eighty-nine out of the 37s members of
the reichstag.
The progressive peoples party also
talked peace, but they were rather
timid about it. for fear of embarrassing
the chancellor. They had only forty
four votes anyhow, not enough to be
decisive. The national liberal party
has forty-ore votes, and majority OF
these were for immediate democrat1Za-
ton. But much larger majority were
for pan-German conquests. and put
these above inner reforms. The ma j.
tionai liberal party includes most of
the great Industrial wealth of Germany
in so far as il has not been won over
to the conservative ranks by i patent
of nobility.
Catholic Center for Peace.
Then came the big surprise. The
Catholic centrum-with its ninety-one
votes It is the largest party in the
reichstag-cast the die for peace. The
startling speech of Deputy Matthias
Erzbefger, the real leader of the party.
in the budget commission on July 6
Will always be a dramatic moment IN
German history. For it marked the be-
ginning of revolutionary events.
1t was a secret session and the for
mer schoolmaster of Biberach may
have spoken more vigorously and more
plainly than he would have done in an
open session of the reichstag. But ap-
parently it was necessary He told a
lot of plain truths. upset all kinds of
pleasant political calculations and un-
pleasant intrigues. pried into lot or
secret cabinets, and aired things out
generally.
Fulton County tribune. (Wauseon, Ohio) 1883-1925, 1917-08-31

most important reason is that it pro-
tects the investment in these horses.
The lesser reason is that it prevents
air-pollution in the COW stables by pos
sible transmission from the horse sta
BILE.
The larger combination barn shown
In the accompanying illustrations is
an example of good practice in the
design of a building of this sort. The
main barn is divided in the ratio de-
sired, the COW stalls are arranged to
face in and the alleys are extended
through in the manner already men
toned The silos are built short
distance from the end of the barn
proper, and a connecting structure is
built in, which is used for the feed
rooms and the mixing room. AL
though not shown on the plan, most
owners would probably desire q feed
carrier track through the center of
the barn from the feed mixing room to
the far end of the building. In addi-
ton to the twenty single COW stalls
which should be equipped with modern
sanitary walls and stanchions, there
are four pens which may be used fo1
any special purpose desired or neces
sary. The double horse stalls are
used and harness rooms are as nearly
dust-proof as it is possible to make
them.
Plenty of large windows are shown
on the perspective view. It will be
Fulton County tribune. (Wauseon, Ohio) 1883-1925, 1917-08-31

A C.A0OR
0EAY STORY
HArttur |
u Riee

hHE Labor day procession was
coming down the street. The
first man in 1t was six feet
four inches tall, with bear
skin hat on his head that raised him
to seven feet. He was the drum ma
10r OF the band and was twirling his
big silver-headed staff and throwing
lt Into the air with fine jugglery. Be
hind him came the band. Then came
the different unions marching in line,
every man looking happy on this clear
September day that he could lay aside
his hammer or hfs trowel or whatso-
ever tool best represented his trade
and step out to the inspiring strains
of martial music.
Among those who lined the side
walk. occupied the steps of the build
ings or climbed the lamp-posts along
the line Of march was n certain Mrs.
O'Toole, who had recently come over
from Ireland. With her was her son
Daniel, six years old. The mother was
standing with the crowd on the curb,
but Danny was perched with leg on
each side of n horizontal piece of iron
under the lamp, stralning his eyes to
catch the first glimpse of sunlight that
would strike the brass horns of the
band.
They're COMM motherr' he shout
cd, wild with excitement. True
enough, n line Of mounted police
wheeled around a corner, and in an
other moment the strains of music
were heard In the distance. Danny
kept his mother informed of each ap-
pearance as it was revealed to him.
"Oh, mother, you'd oughter see the
man on a horse with whole lot o.
other men with horses. They've all
got broad, white things over their
shoulders and hold round sticks in
their hands with ribbons round EN-"
The big horns grew hoarser. the bass
drum pounded louder, the piccolo
sfIriIled harder, as the columns ad-
vanced.
The drum major passed, the band
passed, the grand marshal and his aids
Fulton County tribune. (Wauseon, Ohio) 1883-1925, 1917-08-31

If the COW barn happened to be
situated a considerable distance from
the horse barn. AT least one team of
COW barn, for one purpose or another,
and when it is necessary to stable
them in the COW barn, they must either
be placed in open stalls, which is very
poor practice, or a special inclosure
must be provided for them, which
brings in difficulties in ventilation and
lighting.
Ordinarily, the combination barn has
the stalls arranged along a central al
ley and tight partition is built be-
| tween the COW stable and the horse
stable, sliding doors being provided
at the alleys. The method of placing
the COW stalls will determine how the
alleys are to be used. In case the
cows face in, the central alley will be
feeding alley, and it will undoubt
edly be continued through the horse
stable, where the horses will also
face in. The alleys along the outer
walls. will then be litter alleys, and
these also will continue through the
other part of the barn. The most i'm
portant reason why the two parts OF
the barn should be arranged in the
same way is that if modern barn equip.
ment is used, its installation is very
much simplified if the barn is ar.
ranged symmetrically as far as the
alleys are concerned. In a combina,
Fulton County tribune. (Wauseon, Ohio) 1883-1925, 1917-08-31
The Effects of Habit.

In reward of faithful political serv-
ice an ambitious saloonkeeper was ap-
pointed police magistrate.
whats the charge again this
man?" he inquired when the first case
was called.
Drunk, yer honor" said the police
man.
The newly-made magistrate frowned
upon the trembling defendant.
"Guilty or not guilty?" he demanded.
''Sure, sir" faltered the accused, 81
never drink Drop"
''Have cigar then," urged his hon.
or persuasively, as he absently pol
ished the top Of the judicial desk with
his pocket handkerchief.