davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1917-03-11

in the year named they jumped to a.
474 and continued steadily to advance
until 1916. when they had reached 51.-
752. In the next year. however. they
were more than doubled and, in the
eight years from 1S47 to 1850. inclu-
sive. more than a million and quarter
persons of Irish birth emigrated to the
United States
This was the golden age of Irish i'm
migration. and the United States. then
a comparatively young nation of only
23.o00.000 population. eagerly absorbed
this tide of strong, healthy men and
women. and with their aid laid the
foundation for it's future greatness
for some of the most prominent person.
ages in the history of the United States
had Irish blood in their veins. some of
it of pure, undiluted stock.
From 1855 up to the present time the
tide of Irish immigration has been
maintained at a comparatively even
height-in the neighborhood of $4,000
to 4o.00o-except in 1866. when it
dropped to 9.520-the lowest figure of
any year since 1888. Even the advent
of the war abroad has had cotnpara-
lively little influence on Irish immi-
grafton for the figures Of the Depart
Evening star., 1917-03-11

time to preach and time to pray, but
there is also a time to fight, and that
time is here now" thus speaking, John
Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg. pastor of
the Lutheran Church at Woodstock, Va,
raised his hands. on a Sunday morning,
and pronounced the benediction. At the
last word, he threw off his gown and
his congregation saw that he wore the
uniform OF colonel OF volunteers.
drum outside the door of the
church sounded and 900 men. who had
heard the Rev. Mr.. Muhlenberg preach
that day. enlisted then and there. Their
regiment. the sta Virginia, composed
of Germans, took part in the battles of
Brandywine. Germantown, Monmouth.
Stony Point and Yorktown. The minis
ter became major general and his
brother. frederick Augustus Conrad.
also a clergyman and the pastor of a
German Lutheran church, was the first
Speaker of the American House of
Representatives.
THE records of the continental army
show" says Joseph George Rosen-
garten, a Philadelphia lawyer and a
staff officer during the civil war. that
in almost every regiment there were
Germans and in those of Pennsylvania
whole regiments, battalions and COM
filled with Germans who did good
service for their country"
American boys and girls in the public
schools were once taught TO despise
the Hessians. who fought with the
troops of George III. The Hessians
fought because they were sold into war
by their little German kings, as Afri-
cans were then sold into slavery. OF
the 10000 who Joined the British,
hundreds deserted and went over
to the colonists. Most of the Ger
mans in Burgoyne's army that sur
rendered at Saratoga became American
citizens and 1000 Hessians after the
battle of Monmouth, slipped away dur
ing the British retreat.
There were Germans among the
colonial troops, the French troops and
the British troops at Yorktown. Ger
man fought German and orders were
GERS under Washington, Rocham-
beau and CORVALLIS. The revolution
closed at Yorktown and some 1000
Germans from the French and British
Evening star., 1917-03-11
BY JAMES B. MORROW.

- ONE Teutonic calculators say that
there are 20,000,000 Germans in
N this country. They claim for
~ their blood a fifth of the in
habitants.
Evidently they pre-empt a goodly
share of all the generations since the
settlement of America. counting as
German the descendants of Prussian.
Hessian and Hanoverian colonists who
emigrated to Pennsylvania, Virginia,
Maryland and other colonies before the
revolution.
or Germans born IN Germany there
were. seven years ago, in the United
States 2.5O1,333. They constituted 81
per cent of the total population. The
figures are official and were obtained at
the census bureau. Since 1910 Germans
have been coming to this country in
comparatively small numbers. Nearly
$1,000 arrived in 1913. Only 11,555,
however. came in 1916. German immi-
taking of the last census totals 396,214.
There should be, on the face of the
figures, 2,S91.547 German-born men,
women and children in the United
States, but thousands have died and
many others have returned to Europe
or moved elsewhere. How many re-
main can only be estimated.
K X
The census experts have a classifica-
tion which they term foreign white
stock" In this broad division of the
population are included foreign-born
whites, native whites of foreign par
entage and native whites of mixed par
entage-meaning one native parent and
the other alien. In the year 1910 the
Germans within this classification num-
bered 8,2S2,61S. Thus all of the real
Germans in the United States. all OF
the Germans born in this country of full
Evening star., 1917-03-11

niture and fittings throughout" said
Fernand David. -Of course, in greater
towns. like Rheims, Verdun. Bar-le-
Due, etc, there will be great hotels
springing up rapidly. At Verdun, they
say, ten palace hotels are organized,
and work is certainly progressing on
four of them. I tell you this. 1t is
not generally known"
Americans are prepared for bar
rack hotels in the OPEN" 1 said. But
will they suffice? What about the
towns and villages?.
There is no question of making
sumptuous hotels, at once, all over the
zone of the armies" he replied. THE
question is how to properly lodge the
war tourists. American tourist agencies
have proposed to bring camp hotels for
the front, the best knocked down in
stallations. We are in correspondence
about it. One great resource which we
have in our hands and is being or
ganized at this moment is to lodge as
many as possible with the actual in
habitants of the regionS-those whose
houses happen to be still intact. In
each commune near to the trench line
Evening star., 1917-03-11
The Miracle.

eNHIRACLES-I speak OF modern
AvU miracles-can usually be OK
planned" said DR.. Elliott Young Savage
in an address before tho Chicago ETH.
cal Culture Society,"
Bishop Blanc's son Is . clergyman,
and assists his father. At dinner the
other evening the young man said:
On brIau"ay d S touay an oio peggar
had none with me. She begged me to
look and see, SO I felt in my trousers
pocket. and. 10 and behold, found .
two-dollar bill there. 1t was . miracle.
gave it to the old beggar woman, Of
course. Yes, q real miracler
THE bishop put on his glAsgeaL He
stared long and attentively at h10 son
Then he saids
'Confound: Il! That's . pair q M
trousers you've got on there, boyaP~
Evening star., 1917-03-11
France Preparing for Thousands of American Tourists

dear to Americans. like the chateaux
where Rochambeau and Lafayette were
born. The Lafayette homestead has
just been purchased by a patriotic
American subscription. The Rocham-
beau chateau. less known, is easily vis-
tied in the valley of the Loire. near
Blois."
at is the part of France" told him.
best known and best loved by all
Americans-the romantic chateaux of
the Loire of the old kings. I took the
trip last summer with my mother. Au-
tomobiling there is pure delight and
beauty.
Nor must you forget" 1 added. ''the
cloisters of st. Die Cathedral. where
the name America was first pro-
nounced and printed. The st. Die
a special historical hall at the Chi
cago exposition, and three years before
the war the American ambassador and
a crowd of prominent citizens accom-
public to st. Die to put up memorial
tablet"
THE tablet is blown up." sighed
Fernand David. IT remember. 1 was
on that trip. Who would have imag-
ined such a fate for the Cathedral of
st. Die? German frightfulness has bad
ly shelled it. across twenty miles Of
French territory, without military OBJ
ject, just to terrify and destroy. Amer
leans will see the ruins of It on their
way to the front. That's ALL"
That's all.
l started to make my departure.
admired SO much organization, so far
advanced 1t means much to any one
who can read between the lines. Why.
you could go prophesying on it about
the end of the war.
How are you working with Amer
ica?" I asked.
I'VE are in relations with Cooks
agency. which is English" answered
Fernand David. II shall not name the
American tourist agencies yet. Let all
the American agencies communicate
with us. 1t will be to their interest to
write to the following address:
Monsieur Fernand David. president
du conseil administration. office Ma
tional de Touring. / Avenue d'Iene. Paris.
Let the American agencies get into
touch with us and give US as many de-
tails as they can-sketch out the great
lines. of how many they expect to have,
in what parties. etc. Let them write.
the earlier the better. There is
urgence.
So now If you cannot go prophesyinR,
after this, why / don't know how to
make the great thing which the French
are counting on much palmer.
STERLING HELLO.
Evening star., 1917-03-11

aid. born in Fermoy. Ireland. and the
tunneling under the Hudson undertake
en- by William G. McAdoo. now Secre-
tary of the Treasury and himself of
Irish descent. are only three examples
of the Celtic genius in this respect.
In fact. the deeper one delves into
the problem, the harder it is to find
any industry or commercial develop
ment to which Irish blood has not con-
itributed its full share. and in art as in
the trades America has no nobler
names upon its rolls than those of the
Irish-Americans James Mcneil Whis-
tier. son of Maj George w. Whistler.
who came here shortly after the revo-
luton: Augustus Saint Gaudens. Fred
erick w. MacMonnies, Paul Dougherty,
C. C. Curran. w. J. Hennessy. J. Fran
els Murphy, Thomas Moran and John
Singleton Copley, ''the father of Amer
lean art" the Irishman from Limerick
for whom Copley Square in Boston was
named.
In literature. the names of James B.
Evening star., 1917-03-11

pendence was drawn up nine of the
fifty-six names signed to this docu-
ment. including that Of Secretary
Thompson, were Irish, and six of the
thirty-six delegates who promulgated
the Constitution of the United States
were natives of Ireland.
When international complications
again beset the nation in 1872, the
Irish-Americans once more showed
their stamina and courage. for the ma
tional heroes of that struggle were An
drew Jackson on land and Perry and
McDonough on waterfall three of i'm
mediate Irish descent-while thou
sands of other Irish names are to be
found in military rosters of that time,
as also on the service lists of the civil
and the Spanish wars.
Closely allied to the railroad indus
try, with which SO many Irish names
are connected, is the other great branch
Of transportation, the electric car serv-
ice. Here. too. it is easy to trace the
Celtic ancestry of a number of the most
prominent officials. The subways and
tunnels of Boston, built by Harry z.
Nawn: the New York system, under the
direction Of the late John B. McDon-
Evening star., 1917-03-11

N 0EXT Saturday. March IL, the
lMu 1.450th anniversary of the
uNI death of st. Patrick, patron
- " saint of Ireland. will be cele-
brated by more than 4,500,000 persons
in the United States. This number. As
per cent of the total population of the
nation. does not include those of Irish
descent, but only those who were born
in Ireland or in this country of Irish
parents.
While the census bureau possesses no
available statistics showing the number
of persons in the United States whose
ancestors were of Irish extraction-the
character of the population OF the
melting pot of nations" precluding the
gathering of exact figures of this ma
ture for any given nationality-lt has
been estimated that at least one person
in every three in this country has Irish
blood in his veins. though it may be
very much diluted in some cases.
This would mean that some 33,S33,o 600
persons are legitimately entitled to
wear the shamrock next Saturday
probably a greater percentage than can
be boasted by any other nation which
has contributed to our national well
fare and increase in population.
OF the 4.50o, 900 persons of immediate
Irish extraction now In the United
States, 1.35o.O0o were born on the En-
erald Isle and 3.15O.000 are the offspring
of Irish parentage. at least on one side.
This latter total is divided by the
census bureau into 100000 of foreign
~ Of y,,i~a
entage. either the father or mother be-
ing a native of Ireland.
1t is interesting to note that the to-
tai number of Irish stock"-this be-
ing the title used by the census bureau
in computing the persons of immediate
foreign descent-at present in the
United States. agrees approximately
with the total number of Irish immi-
grants since 1920. the first year in
which the government kept any COM
plete record of foreign immigration.
In the past ninety-six years the gov
eminent figures show that the United
States has absorbed 4.419.401 natives of
Ireland. a figure which constitutes
about IA per cent of the total number
of--fmmigrants during this time and
which is greater than that of any 9TH
erforeign country. with the exception
of Germany.
The arrival of this large number of
Irish persons, particularly during the
middle of the last century, when the
United States was in it's formative con-
dftion. accounts for the great percen-
tage of Irish blood now in the veins of
the nation and the widespread interest
which always attends the discussion
Of Irish problems and the celebration
Of Irish holidays.
The immigration figures dealing with
men and women from the Emerald
Isle do not begin to show any marked
increase until 1884. Prior to that time
they averaged about 5000 a year; but
Evening star., 1917-03-11

tion over 100000 Irish immigrants
landed in America, distributing them
selves \pver New York. Pennsylvania
she Ssw nsaa5 the in Se%
Hampshire and Massachusetts. These
men were. for the most part, farmers.
and they brought with them their
household industries, spinning and
England owe no inconsiderable portion
of their growth and commercial impor-
tance to this original stock. for the
making Of fine linens and laces has has
sources of income for the Irish.
These early settlers became the pio-
neers of advancing civilization, guard
ing the frontier and gradually advancing
dian was pushed farther and farther
back the coast. In the seventeenth
century, during the days of Cromwell,
many Irish had been sent to Massachu-
setts and Virginia as prisoners of war.
to be sold into a species of bondage. In
the colonies they did not lose their love
of home ties. one of the strongest ele-
ments in the character of the Irish.
nor did they gain any additional re-
spect for the English government.
which they considered responsible for
their plight.
This, coupled with the innate love of
freedom in the breast Of every son Of
Erin, was doubtless responsible for the
ed by the Irish in the revolutionary
war. where they helped to man the en-
trenchments of Bunker Hill. assisted
at the siege of Boston and swelled the
continental ranks all along the line,
furnishing far more than their proper
ton of men and officers during the en-
tire conflict.
The roster of Washington's army
shows many Irish names prominent
among the revolutionary generals
Sullivan. Stark. Knox, Wayne. Hand,
Moylan, Ewing, Butler. Wilson and
Conway were among the general Off
GERS Of the army. while two regiments
of the Irish Brigade Of France-Dil-
Ions and Walsh's-performed heroic
service under Rochambeau. In the
darkest days of the revolution. when
the financial fortunes of the continen-
tai army were at their lowest ebb, some
twenty Irish merchants of Philadel-
phia saved the situation by contribut-
ing s425.000 to Washington's military
chest.
Again. when the Declaration Of Inde-
Evening star., 1917-03-11

tically any business or employment. no
matter If he has never heard of it be-
fore.
A former president of a great rail-
road, himself of Irish descent, is
credited with saying that. all other
things being equal. he would rather
have an Irishman working for him than
a person of any other nationality, for
the IriShman possesses the faculty of
adoption, developed to a high degree"
The success of the Irishman in the
railroad world is not to be wondered
at. for more and more the trend OF mod
who has learned his trade or profess
sion from the ground up. When the
flood tide of Irish immigration struck
the United States i'll 1850 it coincided
with the era which marked the birth
of the American railroad system, now
the finest in the world. In the de-
velopment of this system Pat and his
pick played a most important role.
Injured by generations of rough open
air life to the hardest kind of manual
labor, the Irish immigrants gravitated
naturally to the sections where rail
roads were being built, and the annals
of the last half of the nineteenth CEN
tury show that the Irish laborer was
tions depended for the majority of their
difficult work-work which demanded
not only. labor but the application OF
at least y certain amount of brains.
himself upward until. in a large num-
ber of cases, the man who had built the
railroads found himself in the offices
of these lines. directing their opera
tion and experimenting their improve
ment. The list OF officials of practically
every large railroad system in the
United States contains a large number
of names which betray the Celtic origin
of their bearers. To enumerate all the
men of Irish parentage or extraction
now high up in the railroad world
would require the reprinting of a large
portion of the railroad directory
In considering the influence of Irish
immigration upon the United States it
must be remembered that, prior to the
commencement of statistical informa-
tion by the government. in fact, prior
to the government itself, a wave Of
Irish immigration took place which
played a most important part in the
upbuilding of the United States.
From 1920 to the eve of the revolu-
Evening star., 1917-03-11

we are constituting lodging syndicate
1t will be particularly interesting, be-
with people who have lived through
the war. All these will be united"
"Villagers. townsfolk, farmers?" l
questioned.
Eyes, all that. and the chateaux and
country houses where the military
chiefs have lodged and the etat majors
have centered everything available" he
answered.
"All these will be united. howr' 7
asked.
The important functionary settled
down. resigned to talk some more.
Il see that 1 must tell you all the
national office of touring has been
And, thus. Fernand David sketched
an interesting outline of things to
come. work of Il brand-new cabinet office
THE national Office of touring be-
souvenirs of the German invasion-we
don't call it the war" he said. This
inventory includes the battlefields, wit
nesses of the heroism of our soldiers,
the points where the struggle has been
hottest the Organizations of defense
and attack. You know that there have
been little railroads built along the
front and automobile trains which
served and saved the trenches. It in
cludes the cataloguing of notable spots.
like the Maison du Passeur, the
HohenZollern redoubt, the Cabaret
Rouge, the Monacu farm and SO on
And we continued by making timer
aries. uniting all these points with the
trenches, the etats majors. the ruined
cities, devastated villages, the cagibis'-
"The cagibis," ! said.
1.-The soldiers huts. caves. houses,
cagnas or cagibis which they have
built for themselves along the fight
ing line. The army. being the able
bodied males of the entire French ma
tion. includes any quantity of experts
architects. builders. artists, bricklay-
ers. plasterers, carpenters. furniture
joiners, art artisans and what not. The
wonderful houses which such men have
amused themselves by improvising out
Of chance materials are one Of the
Evening star., 1917-03-11
Germans First Ernigrased to United States i'm 1907
gI9I[gEEIN39@@E

discipline" at Valley Forge, and thus
made Washington's army competent to
meet the British.
This man. swearing in German. violent
but generous-hearted, drilled the Ameri-
cans and taught them how to use the
bayonet. He was major general of the
line at Yorktown and helped to bring
about the surrender of Cornwallis.
After the revolution he lived in a log
house on sixty acres of cleared land and
when he died and was buried in his mill
tary cloak, thirty farmers attended his
funeral.
At Valley Forge. too. during that ter
rible winter, there was another great
German, the Baron De Kalb, once a Ba-
varian peasant, but now a distinguished
soldier and a veteran of the French wars.
Bareheaded and on foot. at the battle of
Camden, in South Carolina, he led his
men, sword in hand and himself engaged
in several personal encounters. Wound
ed eleven times, he died three days later.
There is a time for all things-a
Evening star., 1917-03-11

German parentage and all Of the Ger
mans born here of mixed parentafie-one
parent German and the other something
else. Irish. English. Scotch or what not
totaled the figure given above.
OF these Germans and near Ger
mans. 1924. $50 lived in New York, L.
e14.408 in Illinois. 794,943 in Wisconsin,
e73,795 in Ohio. 654.6S4 in PENNSYLVANIA,
<2L753 in Michigan. 396.S59 in Minne-
sofa, 367,5 ,511 in Missouri, 360,005 in
Iowa and 333. .S39 in New Jersey.
The Germans greatly outnumber any
u tho other foreign races. Second are
the Irish. with 4.604.S60, covering two
Da1A9a&ionS. The Russians are third.
6tth Asl1.slS; the English fourth.
Evening star., 1917-03-11

ment of Labor show that during the
fiscal years of 1915 and 1916 immigra-
was 23,5O3 and 20,636, respectively.
While there are no detailed sta
tistics yet compiled by any of the gov
ernment bureaus showing the occupa-
tions now being followed by the i'm
migrants from any single foreign coun-
try, the figures covering the declara-
tions of immigrants upon their arrival
in this country show that the majority
of the Irish who have settled here were
farmers or laborers. with a high per-
centage of literary and professional
men in comparison with other Euro
pean nations.
Evening star., 1917-03-11

Examination of the working and ex-
ecutive forces of practically every in
dustry in the United States, however.
will show that large number of the
men employed are of Irish birth or
extraction-proving statistically what
has long been a recognized truth, that
an Irishman can adapt himself to prac-
Evening star., 1917-03-11

EXT Saturday. March II, the
1,450th anniversary of the
death of st. Patrick, patron
saint of Ireland, will be cele-
Evening star., 1917-03-11

The immigration figures dealing with
men and women from the Emerald
Isle do not begin to show any marked
increase until 1884. Prior to that time
they averaged about 5000 a year; but
Evening star., 1917-03-11

- ONE Teutonic calculators say that
there are 100000 Germans in
N this country. They claim for
~ their blood a fifth of the in
The Washington times. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1902-1939, 1917-12-26
20 YEARS PRISONER.
HE DECLINES FREEDOM

PORTLAND, Ore, Dec. 26.-Detec-
tive headquarters was surprised when
Charles Peterson, sixty-hvs years old,
shambled up to a sergeant and begged
to be sent to the penitentiary at Jack
son, Mich.
The man had "done" twenty-nine
years on a charge he never recog-
mixed. His home" around which
moved his only thoughts of shelter
and OF food, was within the stern
walls of the penitentiary at jackson.
Peterson, when given his liberty,
strained to regain his lost
art OF living, but, snatched from q
former generation at his prime, he
could not keep step with the "mechan-
IcaI age" 80 returned in bewilderment
back to the "pen."