davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
WANTED FOR
ARTILLERY SERVICE
N THE U. 5. ARMY
~. keslt 4se.s. ssh. a44- AA.. $1,000 4
GREAT OPPORTUNITY FOR SKILL.
, ED RIDERS, SAYS CAPTAIN De
sHEmoNp; No oAvALHy GOING
|. 70 FRENCH FRONT.

/ New Mexico cowboys, who are nc,
customed to- ride horses for many
hours each day and who enjoy horse.
back riding-they are the men want.
ed right now for service In the u. S.
artillery.
This was the statement of Charles
M. de Bremond, captain of "A' bat.
terry, New Mexico National Guard
who spent yesterday and part of to-
day in consultationITIIIUil Eoo. Mill
day IN consultation with officials here.
Captain de Brehiond is recognized by
the u. s.. government as one OF the
best informed men in the country on
the artillery branch Of the service.
The battery stationed at Roswell
which he commands, has never failed
to receive high praise from regular
army officers who have seen it in ac-
ton in manuevers.
we need more artillery in this
country-a great deal more" said tie
captain this morning before return.
ing to albuquerque where the artil-
lery and infantry of this state are
encamped. Have we as much artil
iOIy III tuic CuLfiS tOuuLfy as LuC
Germans have In one army corps? No
And yet this is q war In which artil-
lery is OF vast Importance. For this
reason | appeal to the cowboys of
New Mexico to come forward and
lend their help"
Captain de. Bremond said that
more than 100 horses, fine animals
every one OF them, are arriving in
Albuquerque for use of the artillery
men.
Cavalry figures less conspicuously
in this war than in any other, espe-
cially now that it has become so diff
fcult to ship oats, corn and hay 10
Europe. All feed of this kind is to
be- conserved for artillery horses. Tie
Of course, can not be used
In trench work, and motor trucks and
motor cars are used instead Of hors-
es to haul supplies and men 20 the
According to Captain de BralaDnd,
horses for use in the cavalry VIII not
be shipped abroad. An opp )gtIiity,
howevcr, presents itself to coed rid
srs to serve in the defense Of their
at home and abroad bv join
ny a battery. Several new batteries
being organized in this state, to
D, col n'arded by men If cyberinr sc.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
No Troops For
Strike Duty In
NeW WI cxicO
In Event of Trouble
Mounted Police Must
Be Used.

That New Mexico will be una
bic to secure u. 8. troops in the
event trouble develops at coal and
metal mining camps in'the state
is indicated by the fact that a tele-
graphic request Tor half a troop
of cavalry to guard the power
line extending from Trinidad,
Colo, to Colfax county coal pro-
perties, made to Gen. Parker by
Governor Lindsey Saturday night,
brought a reply today that it
would be Impossible to spare
cavalrymen for such duty.
Some time ago Goveror Lind
sey planned to send attachments
of the National Guard to the pow
err line and to various mining
camps in the state, but found
that the army authorities object
ed, on the ground that 1t was in
tended to put all guafdsmen
through a course Of intensive
training" AS neither federal
troops nor guardsmen would be
available, should trouble develop
it probably would be necessary
for the governor to commission
and arm mounted police.
1t is reported todaykthat the |.
W. WIS are concerned in the
movement to organize the en-
ployes of the Albuquerque & Ger
rilios Coal company at Madrid,
and plan to organize the coal
miners in Colfax county.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
PRESIDENT CONCERNED
* 10 AID FAMILIES
DEEPLY INTERESTED IN PROG
LEM OF. CARING FINANCIALLY
FpR DEPENDENTS OF MEN AT
THE FRONT

That the president Is deeply con
cerned over the problem OF affordine
financial protection for the wives and
families of soldiers who go to Francs
is stated in the Official Bulletin
Just received here. Il Mr. MeAdoo. sec
rotary Of the u. s.. treasury, so in
formed the heads OF insurance com
panies assembled in Washington this
week to discuss the matter.
Whether the insurance companies
can best work out a. plan of their
W or whether the undertaking Is so
vast That the u. s. government must
handle ii, is to be determined.
The subject is OF special interest to
all holders OF insurance policies
everywhere in this country. SANTA
Feans, who have life insurance, state
that they have been informed that
certain companies are demanding a
deposit of 10 per cent of the face
value of the policy to be paid in cash
before the holder goes abroad, owing
to the new risk assumed.
IA number of people have expressed
the view that 1t Is hardly fair to the
American to ask him to leave his
home and his dear ones TO risk his
life abroad and put any obstacles in
his way in the matter Of protecting
his families. For this reason it was
suggested some time ago that the gov
eminent take out insurance on the
life of each man.
ut is q question whether any ma
ti0n untii the present war brOke out.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12

son, Richmond, 90.
Guadalupe county-March, Minnie
Huff, Montoya, 93. April, Ellen Baa-
ELL. Buchanan, 81. May, Georgia
Crabtree, Taft, 81.
Lincoln county - March, Viola
Sutton, Nogal, 95. April, Mae Hilburn,
Hondo, 80, May, Edith Rockwell,
Captain, SS.
Luna county--March, Harold Bow.
en-, Hohdale, 81. April, George Far
far, Columbus. 81. May, Imogene
Crosby, Hermahas, 81.
Mckinley county-,March, Leila
Ashcraft, Ramah, SO. April, Hannah
Hushand. Gibson, "a. May, Katie
Katie, Heaton, So.
Mora county - March, Claudia
Lemon, Mills, 80, April, Annie Glib.
son, Levy, "a. May, Gartha Kyler,
Levy, st. +
Otero county-March, AIva Edge,
Alamogordo, 90. April, Evalean Gull
yer, Brice, 81. May, Marie Sanchez,
Tularosa, 70.
Quay county = March, Claude
Voyles, Plain, SO. April, Idel Hewett,
House, so. May, Mary Krabrich, Les
bia, 90.
Roosevelt county - March, Ada
Coleman, Elida, 9S. April, Thelma
Campbell Longs, 81. May, Clara Gam
mill, Redlake, so.
Rio Arriba ~county-iMay, Myrtle
Ray, dChama, "a.
Santa Fe county = March, Iva
Saarle, Golden, 81. April, Mary Pow
ell, Stanley, 90. May, Gladys Mum
ford, STANLEY, 81.
San Miguel county--March. Bernice
Warner, Onava, "a. May, Margaret
Long, C%herryvale, 90.
Sierra county - March, Virginia
White, Hot Springs, 81. April, Annie
Harden, Hillsboro, 81. May, Harry
Cal, Hillsoboro, So.
San J1an countyAMarch, MINI
Woods, Flora Vista, IS. April, Anna
Wellenreuther, Pendleton, 81. May,
Bertha Mckinley, Rosing, SO.
Socorro county - March, Eugenia
Pullen, Datil, SO. April, Elizabeth
Castonl, Luna, so. May, Esther
Kie1me, Reserve, SO.
Sandoyal county April, Adela
Griego, B~ernalillo, 80. May, Ester
Gutierrez, Bernalillo, S5.
Taos county-Mareh, Oelo Fink,
Seco, SO. April, Pedro Mares,
Taos, 30. May, Abbie. Mallette, Red
IS. Ethel Mallette, Red River,
SS.
Torrance county-iMarch, Jeptetha
Hale, Duran, "a. April, Virginia Putt,
Mcintosh, 80. May, Leonie Davis, Els
l94.
Union county - March. Cecil p.
Morrow, Dedman, 49, April, Roma
Harris, Des Moines, 80. May, Loretta
Des Moines, SO.
Valencia county March, Mae
Belen, go. April, Jeanette
Cecil, Seboyeta, SO. May, Siprianc
Otefo. San Rafael, g7!i
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
Roosevelt County Girl
gIf 8fh Grade Honor Pupil
Miss Ada Coleman of Elida Wins High Average
In Diploma Examinations; High Records Made
by Students in Each County

III To miss Ada Coleman, OF Elida
Roosevelt county, belongs the homo
of winning high average In ekaniina
ton for the ,eighth, grade diploma
among the T1G2 students 10 the rura
schools Of New Mexico who success
fully passed these examinations in
March. April and May or thfs year
Miss Coleman's average was 9S pei
cent. Several young people made
averages OF 90 per cent and a consid
cradle number reached So per cent
These and other matters of interest
have been developed by a careful ana,
lysis OF returns. from the years eighth
grade examinations, Just completed by
The department of education. Prob
ably the most interesting conclusion
drawn from the study OF these re-
turns is that work In the rural
schools of the state is advancing rap.
idly; that standards are higher and
work more thorough and that the
average result of examinations for
eighth grade diplomas is much bet
ter than ever before.
The department is watching the
eighth grade returns this year with
more than usual care because Of the
campaign to bring every eighth grade
student into a high school in Septem.
Der. State, county and local school
authorities r cooperating in this
ca mpaign, which Is in line with that
being urged by p. p. Claxton, United
States commissioner of education, to
keep things moving" in education
during the war, and wherever pos
sible to increase the efficiency of the
public schools. tqifa
Superintendent Wagner's office,
among other foundations drawn from
the eighth grade returns has COM
pleted a table showing the high aver
ages made by students in each cpun-
ty. in the three examinations of
March, April and May, for eighth
grade diplomas, which follows:
Bernalillo county-Maroh examina-
tion, Raymond Helwig, Barton, aver
age. rs per cent. April, Frank Stone,
Old Albuquerque, So. May, Laura l..
Adamson, Broncho, Tex, SO.
Chaves county - March. James
King, Plainview, 90. April, Constance
1tAteI, 90. 4H ~ a w
Colfax Countrywide McMahon, Yer
mejo Park, So. April, Ray Miller,
Maxwell, 81. May, Militia Klipstine,
Abbott, 81.
Curry county = Bessie Fedrick,
SO. April, Frances Cooke, Te&-
leo, 30. May, ELLIS Rogers, Texico, SO.
Z Dona Ana eouhty-4March, Dorothy
Price, Berino, 80. April, Consuelo
Murgo, La Mesa. SO. May, Herbert
Goddard, Mesifla Park, So.
Eddy county--March, Warren Glib
son, Dayton, 80. April, Clara Steph-
ems, Eunice, 80. May, Gertie McGona-
gill, Dayton, IS.
Erant county-March, Christina
Animas, 81. April, Lucretia
Ford, Hurley. 81 May. Blitha Morten-l
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
$1,000 Railroad Ties
Float Down Costello

'Costil1a, N. NJ, July 11.-Advantagc
has been taken Of the unusual high
water in the Costilla river and more
than $4,000 railroad ties have been
hoated down from the forest on the
property of the Costilla Estates Co. TO
near the mouth Of the canyon where
the water becomes too low, being
taken out in irrigating bitches, to per-
nit the floating Of ties any nearer
the railroad. Here they have been
piled up until the place looks like a
great lumber yard. From there they
will be hauled seven miles to the de.
pot at Jarose, Colo.
SIXTEEN sections of mountain land,
rear virsylvia have been sold to the
Gallegos Bros. who will start o cattle
ranch upon 1t.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
Union County Democrats
On Warpath; Reid Cause
of Republican Majority on Exemption
Board in Democratic County Foxes Up Hor-
nets Nest; Clayton Paper Attacks Governor
and Disbursing Officer

ment on Drafting Committee for I'm
ion because minority party should
have representation on this board ani
1T must not be thought that majority
Of citizens OF this county will over
look Interior motives of this action
Wiuld like to know If Reds action
was authorized by you and whether
or not you will stand for it. i
ga4ga G. G. SMITH,
The Governors Reply
Santa Fe, N. NJ,
July 5, 1917,
Dear Senator:
| have your wire of this date In
which you are Joined by several citi.
zens of Union county, the wire refer
ring to the substitution OF j.. Andres
Pacheco in place il J. j. Duran, coun'
ty clerk, as a member of the drafting
board for Union county.
| have to say in regard to this whole
matter that it was deemed advisable
in each instance where all the memb-
ers of a board where of one political
faith, that one adherent of the minori-
ty political party be given member
ship on the board. 1t was intended
that there should be no exception to
this rule. and when Pacheco was pro
posed for substitution In your coun-
ty in lieu OF the county clerk ! had
no knowledge other than that the
sheriff and clerk and county physi-
clan were all members OF the Demo
cratic party. The name OF Mr.. Pachhe-
co was proposed by certain citizens
Of your county whom know, and It
WE representea V me- tnat ne was an
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
Re TURNS
TO NAVAL SERVICE
ANA STATE SENATOR HAS
TWO SONS AND THREE BROTH
ERS FIGHTING FOR DEMOCRACY

Capt. j. u. Reinburg, state senator
from Dona Ana county, who is in
Santa Fe today, has been recalled to
active service in the U. s. navy and
expects to leave 500 for a station
either on the Atlantic or Pacific coast.
Capt. Reinburg was for a number Of
years in the revenue cutter and coast
guard service, and was retired several
years ago on account of illness. New
Mexico's climate has restored his
health, and a recent physical examine
ton at Fort Stanton showed that he
was in trim to re-enter active service.
Capt. Reinburg has a son in the
navy, serving as an officer, ana an
ether son at West Point. A brother
is with the aviation et;rps now with
Pershing in France, another brother
is an officer in the navy, and still an
other is serving VITA the English
fleet.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
Yankee Fuel May Be
Secured by Santa Fe

Ration, N. M, July 9.-Recent activ-
ity at the Yankee Fuel company prop.
critics has given co~untenance to the
rumors concerning the proposed sale
of the company's holdings to opera
tors who Will begin The development
OF old workings and who might open
new coal veins in the vicinity of the
former active camp at Yankee. Re,
liable report has been made here that
the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe.
Railway company is negotiating with
the Yankee Fuel company and its
allied interests for the purchase OF
their mining and railway properties.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
COMMITTEE BUSY
COLLECTING MONEY
FOR Relief WORK
RECEIPTS FOR ORGANIZED WAR
cHARlTlEs TO Be DESTRIBuT-
ED TO AUTHORIZED oRGANlzA-
lions.

The committee for collecting money
for war relief funds in the local
branch Of the Woman's Auxiliary to
the Council Of National Defense has
begun Its. work with the sum OF TWEEN
ty dollars, which was donated by the
Stephen Watts Kearrey chapter of
the d.. A. r. The committee which
consists OF Mrs. e. L. Hewett, Mrs.
Howell Earnest, Miss Helen Lindsey
and Miss Marjorie Friday, feels much
encouraged with this first nucleus to-
ward the contributions for the organ
lied wal charities. They have plans
for obtaining more money, such as
the boxes which will be placed in pub
Tic buildings, etc.
This money will be distributed
among the authorized organizations
such as the French Orphans Fund,
the fund for the blind soldiers ana re-
lief for the Serbians and Armenians.
In connection with the twenty dol
lars donation from the local ID. A. RS
1t Is interesting to note that this
great national organization Of patrio,
ic women whose ancestors, both mill
tary and civil, helped to found the
American Nation have again as in the
Spanish-American war, offered their
services to the United States Govern
ment as auxiliary in time of war, and
are .now enlisting their talents and
resources,
Registration blanks have been SEN
to every member of the organization
Using her for active service. The spe-
cial work which the National Society
is undertaking is the knitting of COM
fort kits in connection with the Nay
league work. The local chapter has
obtained directions and have sent for
the needles and yarn to, knit sleeve
less Jackets, wristlets, head protec-
tors and mufflers.
The registration blanks include
every possible service for which wo-
man may be fitted and leave no loop
hole of escape. 1t doesn't matter
what your vocation or avocation may
be you will find a place where your
special bit will be useful. The fol
lowing services are listed: Sewing,
knitting, mending, nursing, prepare
ton of surgical supplies general sup.
ply room service, packing, shipping,
laundry service, cooking canning,
making j%ellies, fruit juices, drying
fruit storing and canning vegetables,
cooking in hospital kitchen or camp,
waiting on table, driving and repair
ing motor cars, training in CONNER
cial, mercantile, agricultural and pro-
fessional life, planting unused ground
and parks in potatoes, influencing
farmers to plant more wheat apd corn
saving old papers, tin cans aud rub
bers to sell, the money to be given to
War Relief Service, fostering public
OF the flag from al buildings,
public and private, interpreting,
translating and creating the sale of
War Bonds.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
SCHOOL DIRECTORS WIFE
CAN'T TEACH SCHOOL

The wife of a member of a school
board can not be employed as a
teacher, according to an opinion writ
ten today for r. q. Mcbride, school
superintendent of Dona Ana county.
by Attorney General Harry L. Patton.
Mr.. Patton cites the fact that New
Mexico statutes prohibit persons
identified in an official capacity with
the public schools or institutions Of
higher education from being parties,
directly or indirectly, to any contract,
Interested in any contract, and he
holds that as long as the earnings OF
a wife constitute community property.
a school member would be directly in
terested in any contract for tie SER
vices of his wife as see51er.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION
-isoLATED TRACT
PUBLIC LAND SALE

Department of the Interior
u. S. Land Office at Santa re, N. M.
April 10, 1917.
Notice is hereby given that, as di-
rected by the Commissioner Of the
General Land office, under provisions
of Sec. 2455, n. S., pursuant to the
application Of Jose Ortiz y Pine, Gal
isteo, N. M, Serial No. 025467, we Will
offer at public sale, to the highest
bidder, but at not less than $1.25 per
are, at 10 o'clock a. M, on the 18th
day of June, next. at this office, the
following tract OF land: NEA NwM,
Sec. IA, EM sWH Sec. II, r. "A N,
IL. 10 T., N. M. p. NJ. This tract Is
ordered into the market on a showing
That the greater portion thereof Ii
mountainous or too rough for culti-
walton. 100 acres.
rhe sale will not be kept open, but
will be declared closed when those
present at the hour namod have
ceased bidding. The PERSON making
the highest bid will be required to I'M
mediately pay to the Receiver the
amount thereof.
ANY persons claiming adversely tho
abovcdescfibed land are advised to
file their claims, Oh objections, on or
before the time designated for sale.
FRANCISCO DELGADo,
Register.
New Mexican.
First pub. MAY IL 1917,
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12

I-1-s-- L.. ~ ~ .-- Ill
ny ehe last issue OIL inc
Clayton News, the Democrats OF
Union county are on the warpath as d
result Of the action Of n. g REID.
legal adviser to Governor LINDSEY ana
federal disbursiny OFFICER In dropping
County Clerk Juan i. Duran from the
fjninn co,ntv sxamntion hoard Tbs
bostd as o~r;o;naTv n1sn.sS ;no,,dea
fJSa -sJhsr;ff H. aoS,nt, 49,, 49, ~
ca,,n =, han1.S ST. ~
SUMPTION tbat al Of the officiais were
Democrats. Mr. Duran was dronbed
and + Andres pacbaco, , ~ ennhiicap,
snbstituted in bis Mace with tba an'
noupcad nhiact "a riving tha m;noritv
nartv in Iinion county 5 n,sca nn ~
paasa r9onna" pay. yn ny
.Snn uaowos9I' a. onlon eoun.s, a.
ehousn n~orinaily Deinocratac, eieclet
a hepupilcan sneriiI last ~qNovemper'
Il - appolntment o. Mr Facneco IN
piaee OF Mr. duran gave tne minority
party controi OF u1e exemption board,
and stirred up a hornets nest In Dem
ocratie circles. In connection with
an attack on both Governor Lindsey
and MIR. Reid, the News prints the
following correspondence: 4
Mr.. Reds Letter
Address Reply to.
K. O.. Reid, Box III tff'
EXECUTIVE OFFICE
Santa Fe, New MEXICO.
June 81, 1917.
Mr.. Juan j. Duran,
county clerk, {
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
SHOOTS SELFgIN
LEG WITH COLT

Clayton, N. M, July ~11.-5Steve
Hamilton, a worker on the Belear
ranch, near Barney, accidentally shot
shtmself In the left leg with a 40
Colts revolver. Az he was pumpins
water the gun fell from IT'S holster
and discharged on contact with the
ground, the bullet entering the fleshy
part Of the limb and making an ugly
wound. He was brought to Clayton
for surgical attention and Is getting
along nicely.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
FORD TURNS OVER
TWICE. OCCUPANTS
ARE BADLY HURT
MIRACULOUS ESCAPE FROM
DEATH; CAPSiZE AT cLaYTON;
ANOTHER AUTO ACCIDENT AT
CARRIZOZO.

Tucumcari, N. M, July 10.-A Ford
Jon, and driven by Tom Denton Of
that place, while going at a speed of
30 miles an hour on the Ozark Trail,
six miles east of Tucumcari, ran into
the ditch, smashed the right front
wheel and turned yer at least twice,
the occupants narrowly escaping
death. MI. Walker and wife were re-
turning home from town when they
came upon Walter Sharp, Ed Porter
and Tom Denton lying in the ditch,
Porter and Sharp supposedly dead.
and Denton unconscious. They were
hurried to the hospital here Porter
sustained internal injuries and a frac-
ture Of the jaw. One Of Sharp's arms
was broken and he was badly cut and
bruised. Denton's injuries proved to
be slight.
Accident at Clayton
Clayton, N. M, July 10.JMr. and
Mrs. Bert Ballinger, and w. L. Nor
gan and Mrs. Ellis and her little
daughter were coming down form
G~reenville, when the car struck a
muddy place i nthe road about four
miles from Clayton and turned over,
throwing all the occupants out. Mr..
Morgan was picked up unconscious
and remained so until they reached
Clayton with him.
One at carrizozo
Carrizozo, N. NJ, July 1O.--Mrs.
Will Owen was painfully injured in
an automobile accident. Her husband
who was driving the car stopped sud-
denly to avoid running into a car in
front. Mrs. Owen was thrown violent
ly forward; her knee struck the met
al frame OF the wind shield and the
patella was fractured. She Is now in
the Lucas hospital.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
0rwAR NEWsp OUT

The first issue of the New Mexico
War News, the official publication CT
the Council OF Defense, is being dis
tributed today. Guthrie Smith, well
known newspaper man, who is the
press agent of the council, is the edi-
tor. The War News will be issued
weekly.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
4 Year-O Old Boy
la Is Fatally Shot

Deming, n. M, July 9.---The Agar
old son Of Mr.. and Mrs. J.. T. Gilbert
was accidentally shot in the abdomen
at his parents home. He was imme-
diately removed to the Ladies hos
pital where an operation was perform
ed, but the little fellow was beyond
medical skill and passed away that
night.
Several of his playmates were
spending the afternoon with him and
in their play one Of them had taken
a gun from its place of keeping and
in handling the gun 1t was discharged.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
Col. Lockett Goes
To 18th Cavalry

The Army and Navy Register of
July z oun that Colonel James
Lockett has been relieved of his du-
ties in connection with the training
of National guard troops and has been
assigned to the Eleventh cavalry,
which he will Join at once. Col. Lock
EFT has been making his headquarters
in Santa Fe.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION
Department Of the Interior,
U. s. Land Office at Santa Fe. N. \

U. s. Land Office at Santa Fe. N. M
April 2S, 1917.
Notice is hereby given that Precil
iano Romero, Of Ortiz, Colo, who, On
June Goth, 1910, made Homestead
entry No. M372o. for Lot 2, SEA
NV, ShNEANWA, ShNMNEA
NWA, SWA NEK, Section 81, Town
ship 81 N, Range s IT,. N. M. P. Meri
dian, has filed notice Of intention to
make FIVE years proof, to establish
claim to the land above described, be-
fore r. P. Rinker, u. S. Commissioner,
at Tres Piedras, N. NJ, on the 18th
day Of July, 1917.
Claimant names as witnesses:
Belarmino Alire, Jose Ysilio Salas,
Abelino Archuieta, Narciso Gonzales,
all of Ortiz, Colo.
FRANCISCO DELGADO,
Register.
New Mexican.
First pub. May II, 1917.
El Nuevo mexicano., 1917-07-12
Director Of
Overseas Transport

Paris, July 11.--American head
quarters today announced the APP
pointment OF Captain Asher G, Baker.
U. S. ~, as director OF overseas trans
portation and naval representative to
the chief Of staff of the American ok
p%editionary forces.