davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-20

Councilman Edgar bernard English.
who yesterday claimed Miss Otcy Wood
Moss as his bride. was the recipient
OF q handsome silver pitcher from the
members and officers of the City Coun-
Gil The gift Was appropriately en-
Eravcd
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-20
IT WORKS WELL
\ Combination That IL Doing nm I'm
mcnsr Am0unt of EnOd Tkls Spring.

~ I'm -
meme Amount OF Good rhis Spring.
\ superlativc blood purifyinE mcdi =
cine like Hoods SarSapariila. talk
before meals. combined with a super
lativc iron tonic like Peptiron Pills.
taken after mcalS-makcs the ideal
course of Spring Medicine.
No other medicines possess such
curative properties as these two great
rcstorativcs working together.
They reach the impure, impoNcr-
ishcd poisoned. dcvitalizcd blood. and
the worn. run down. Ovcrworkcd. cx-
haustcd system They awaken the
appetite. aid digestion. purify and
Nitalizc tho blood. give renewed
strength to the whole body, produce
sound. natural sleep. and complete
restoration to good heaith--thc great
est of all earthly blessings. II is said
that 81 invested in these two mcdi
cincs viii bring better results than
81 spent in other treatment
II will he wise to get Hoods Sarsa :
parilla and Pcptiron Pills to-day--Adv.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-20

8. y. Anderson. forty wears old. was
arrested yesterday by Detective Ser
geauts Bryant and keilam. OF hcadGuar-
tiers. charged with heinz II fugitive from
justice from iiopcwcll where he is
wanted for violating the state employ
mont agency laws. He Was bailcd for
his appearance III In. Police Court this
morning.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-20
Chesapeake and ohio Earnings.

Estimated gross revenue OF tn.
Chesapeake ami Ohio Railway system
for the second week III April aCgrc-
gated Sl.661.Sl'. compared with
sali.IIl for the corresponding week OF
last year. showing AN Increase Of $l52,-
$40. according 20 figures made public
Yesterday by Comptroller l.. T.. Sulli-
van.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-20
IR0NIzED PAW-PAW
3 POWERFUL FORCES IN 1

Specially compounded for the over
worked. weak and rundown anaemic
conditions. sluggish liver, nervous de-
preston anu dyspepsia. On sale and
recommended by all leading Richmond
druggists. Petersburg. Morrison the.
Drug Man: IopeWell. Georgc's-Adv.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-20
south Richmond Club 10 Meet.

The South Richmond Democratic
club Will meet at SIS o'clock this
evening ~ f'ra;ernal Hall. llil Hull
street The officers announce that
important matters OF business will be
discussed.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-20
Sui, Cases Of Liquor seized.

Two suit cases containing twenty
five quarts OF liquor we're seized yes
terday afternoon at Byrd street sta
ton by ratroimcu Smith. Riddell and
Reese. OF the Second District. The
travelling bags had been left on train
when il arrived from Washington.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-20
Violated Prohibition Inv.

Robert a. Crowdcr was convicted
yesterday in the Hustings Court of
violating the prohibition law. and he
was fined $50 and sentenced TO serve
thirty days in Jail.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-20

Or. W. l.. Dcvany. OF Dendron. who
underwent serious operation at 81.
Eliza beth's Hospital two weeks ago. is
reported as out Of danger
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-04-20
~ Roth .thnbnh.

Rabbi Edward " Calisch will speak
Tonight at Beth Ahabah Temple on the
topic, american Jerry. Wake Up"
TO morrow morning h" viii take as
his subject strange Fires
Hispano América., 1917-05-06
NOTAS DE MEXICO
MEXICO Y SU NEUTRALIDAD

FL ministro aleman EN- Mexico Helm
rich Won Eckhart do I'M declaration
diciendo que aprueba s~inceramente la
parties de la que recientemente do ell
embajador americana Henry P. Flet-
cher, con referencia a la neutralidad de
Mexico.
Dice que no hay razon por la cual
una nacion como Mexico, libre e indie
pendiente, no pueda mantener su neu-
tralidad y que en- su opinion no exls-
tie razon que pueda inducir a Mexico
a entrar a la guerra.
FL ministro declare que es tan estu-
pido que una nacion declare la guerra
sin causa justificada, como es natu-
raj que la declare despues de n seria
~provocasion. No tiene mas que elo-
gios para la actitud de absolute neu-
tralidad asumida por Mexico y anade
que son enteramente satisfactorias las
relaciones entire su pals Mexico.
Hispano América., 1917-05-06
ALEMAN ARRESTADO

Fritz Pablitz, aleman que estaba ira
tando de formar TN nucleo para agi-
tar a los meXicanos en- contra de los
americanos, fue capturado por las "a
utoridades de la ciudad de Mexico y
confinado ala Penitenciaria del Dis
trito Federal.
Sc lie acusa de estar violando las le-
yes de la n%eutralidad, y probablemente
sera considerable como %extranjero per-
nicioso y expulsado de Mexico.
Hispano América., 1917-05-06
TONIC POSSESSION Ell SENIOR CA
RRANZA DE LA Presidential

FL dia primero del actual tomo po-
seci'n del gobierno de Mexico con Ell
caracter de Presidente electo, ell senior
Venustiano Carranza.
A mocion de algunas personals que
sc encuentran cerca del senior Caranza,
los empleados del Gobierno s%acrifi-
caron un dia de sueldo para regalarle
el dia de la toma de possession una sala
de armas.
Pocos festejos populares hubo con
motive de la ceremonial Official.
Hispano América., 1917-05-06
N DISPOSITION

En- un informe Official Sc ha comu-
nicado al Gobierno de Washington
que Ell Gobierno de Mexico ha preve-
nido a los alemanes que residen en-
Mexico, que 81 tratan de re%concentrar-
sc en- puntos cercanos a las fronteras,
seran Embellishments arestados por
las a%utoridades, las que va tienen ms
trvcciones en- este setido.
Hispano América., 1917-05-06
ESpanOla
/ E MA

MPORTADOR de Pimientos Morrones.
Pimenton, Aceite Olivia, ChoriZos Trevi-
jano, Anguilas en- Aceite, Calamares en- su
Tinta, Sardlnas en- Aceite, Anchoas en-
Salumera, etc.
Who's Espaioles
Champagne Codornin, Sidra del Gaitero,
M%anzanilla Amontillado, Palido, Pedro
Jimenez, Moscatel Viejo. RioJa Clarete y
Blanco, Ojen, Anis Mayorca y Anis Oscar
chado.-Cognac Sanchez Romate Hnos."
'3 Coronas'' y Extra Superior.
s47 Union st. Tel. Kearny 1927 S. r. Cal.
Hispano América., 1917-05-06
DR.. SCAPARONE
Office: 916 kearny ST.

Residential: 1903 Jones st.
HORAS: 9.30-11 a. m. 2-4-6-7 p. m.
Phones
Office: Douglas 4342 - Res: Franklin 514
San Francisco, California.
Hispano América., 1917-05-06

Las noticias anteriores han causado
n excelente impression en- la Secre-
taria de Estado, pues elias demuestran
que la declaration hecha por Caranza,
respecto a la neutralidad de Mexico
en- ell conflicto germano-americano,
fue sincera.
Hispano América., 1917-05-06
6 de Mayo de 1917
UN NUEVo DESCUBRlMIENTO
MARAVILOSO DE UN FAMOSO
QUIMICO-FARMACEUTICO

Entire los multiples descubrimlentos no.
dernos hechos en- beneficio de la humani-
dad, Sc ha anunclado uno de grande i'm
portancla en- ell mundo de a MedIcina y
que esta destinado a producer un sentl-
miento de consuelo al publico en- general y
en- particular a una numerosa clase de
paclentes.
Muchos infelices que, no de ahora, han
vivido en- continue ansiedad por ell tenor
de no poder curarse y de ser una carga pa
"a los amigos y para la propla famllla, ter
mlnaran por conslderar ell nuevo descubrI-
miento como un verdadero don del clelo.
Hispano América., 1917-05-06

No ha faItado QUEEN maya
querldo investigar las ven
tajas de tan gran deScupri-
miento, avocandose con Ell
descubridor, Ell Quimiso y
Farmaceutlco kronDeryer
(943 kearny St., San Fran
CISCO, CALI quIen ha sido
condecorado en- las mas &C.
lebradas UniversIdades Gle
Europa.
Hispano América., 1917-05-06
Manuel Lozada Tel. w est 1895
GARAGE EN- LA GALE GROVE.

Reparaciones de AUTOMOBILES de cual-
ouier Marca existente.-Almacenaje de
Coches Entertainments, Limpieza y Re-
noyacion. Accessories, Gas y Aceites; AL
quiler; Esmero y Prontitud.
ServlcIo de Ola y Noche
1855 GROVE, cerca de Divisadero, 5. f.
Hispano América., 1917-05-06
BARBERIA

GERVASIO CARRILLO, Prop.
ST desea Vd. ser servido con esmero, visite
"LA CASTElLANA"
y quedara satisfecho del trato y del
Servicio Antiseptico.-Masaje Electrico.
1920 stockton ST. entire Broadway y Pacific
Hispano América., 1917-05-06
HOTEL DE FRANCE

l.. COUDERG, Admor.
Vinos, Licores y Cigarros; Billar
Comidas y Habitaciones amuebladas
1902 POWELL STREET
Entire Broadway y Pacific SITS. S.. r. Cal.
Hispano América., 1917-05-06
LIBERIA ESPANOLA

j. SANCHEZ Prop.
Gran Surtido de Novelas, Libros de todas
classes y utiles de Escritorio.
Sc aceptan pedidos por correo.
639 Vallejo ST. San Francisco, Cal.
Hispano América., 1917-05-06
DR.. CARLOS M. LEE
DENTISTA

Cuartos 3, q y 5 - Cor. Grant Ave.
Tel. China S92
so1Ea COLUMBUS Ave. San Francisco Cal.
Hispano América., 1917-05-06
RICARDO ROJAS

Joyero y Relojero
1854 Stockton St.-San Francisco, Cal.
DIAMANTES, RELOJES, CRISTALES
Por 81. Sc limpia cualquiera clase de Reloj
Y Sc Garantiza que Marca ell TEMPO Co
rrecto por dos amos. TodoS los Relojes que
vendemos los garantizamos por dieZ amos.
Regulamos los ReloJes Gratultamente
Hispano América., 1917-05-06
DIR. F. r. ORELLA
Medico Cirujano

Medico Cirujano
Elkan Gunst Bldg. 1923 Geary st.
Horas de Oficina: de 2 a 4 p. m.
Phones: Off. Garfield POO; Res. West 631S
1925 Pierce ST. cerca de Union, S. r. Cal.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05
RETIRES FROM LONG
YEARS OF ACTIVE SERVICE

S. c. Curtis, for many years con-
nected with the newspaper and
publishing business in Audubon, has
disposed of his interest to his partner
AS young man he entered the
Advocate Office and has worked dill
gently and faithfully until the prop
erty today is among the good county
seat newspapers of the state.
Ill health in the family is given as
the main reason for his disposing of
his interest and his many warm
friends trust that he will find
climate that will bring the much
sought for relief. Mr. Curtis has
made close and intimate friends while
in the business all of whom will re-
greet to learn of the step he has taken.
During the past six years the editor
of the Republican has had numerous
occasions to ask favors of Mr.. Curtis,
which he freely granted. and in our
with him always found
him four square. 1t is with much
regret that we hear Of his dicisiOn
to leave the Office. However he
will not be out of the business long,
and if he decides to enter the news
per business again, We trust he will
fnd location that will bring him
large return:
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05
FIRST METHODIST CHURCH

Again we are called upon to record
good attendance at all of the SER
vices last Sunday. Splendid Sunday
school. one of the largest morning
congregations that We have had, and
had to put in chairs at night.
The choir furnished some splendid
music, all in the memory of Fanny
Crosby. The Epworth League ban
quet Tuesday night was splendid
success with over one hundred pre-
sent.
The sermon. Rev. Shepherd Of Car
roll on Wednesday night was greatly
enjoyed by those present.
Next Sunday We are to have a big
day. Sunday school at 1000 o'clock,
Easter sermon at 1900 o'clock with
a baptismal service at the close OF
the service. At $500 o'clock in the
afternoon the Knight Templars will
hold special Easter service. their
ritual being used, followed with a
sermon. At 1880 p. NJ the Sunday
school will give an Easter program.
Special music at all of the services.
You are invited to attend.
The Epworth League will hold a
sunrise service at 700 A. M. with
Miss Daisy Prick as leader. Do not
forget the concert Friday night. 1t
will be well worth your patronage.
Melville Center will have Sunday
school at $3.50 p. NJ. and Easter
sermon at $3.50 =. NJ.
Jackson Giddens, Pastor
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05
WORK OF PAVING
IS RESUMED
Finish up the Paving Contract
That Was Let Last Year

Mr.. Reed of the National Roofing
Co., of Omaha, who has the contract
for paving about 80 blocks in Audu-
bon, has sent large force of work.
men to resume work All of the
cutters were finished last fall, but
only small percentage of the con-
crete was laid before winter set in.
This week several bad places in the
concrete base have been repaired and
as soon as favorable weather sets in
the streets that have had the con-
crete base, will be surfaced.
Mr.. Reed states that the work will
be published rapidly. An enormous
lot of material has been shipped in
here during the winter months and
there is no reason why the work
should not progress with vengeance
Mr.. Flynn. the contractor who was
the successful bidder for the new
paving that was let last month, was
in the city this week and is making
all necessary preparations to begin
the work in Audubon. He will not
be able to proceed until some of the
other paving has been completed and
this may cause him some delay. It
is to be hoped that all of the paving
will be completed within the specified
time and that when fall comes Au-
dubon will be better prepared for
.er than it was last year.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05
CHANGE IN
BUSINESS Is MADE

Turner Brothers. who for several
years past have been conducting The
Home Bakery. have disposed of their
business to Jens Jensen. young
gentleman from Omaha. The Turner's
have made a great success of the
business and only recently installed
much new machinery and built a new
oven in order to accommodate their
increasing trade. We regret to hear
of their intention to leave Audubon
for we understand C. A. Turner will
go to Minnesota and Floyd Turner
will go to Montana where they will
seek to make their fortunes. They
are worthy and capable young men
who will make a success wherever
they go and their friends have con-
fidence in their ability to make good
no matter what they undertake
Much credit for the success of their
business is due their sister, Miss
Nellie Turner. who has been a courte-
GUS and obliging assistant
Mr.. Jensen, the new proprietor, has
had many years of experience in the
business, having served his apprentice
ship in the old country. He comes to
Audubon with the best of recommend
atoms and will no doubt maintain the
high standard of service set by his
predecessors. After closing up the
deal, Mr.. Jensen returned to his
home in Omaha Tuesday evening and
is expected to return today to take
charge.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05
u. S NOW IN
STATE OF WAR
Congress Votes Power to President
Wilson to Use Army and Navy
To meet Germany
THE RESOLUTION

Whereas, the imperial
German government has COM
mitted repeated acts of war
against the government and
the people of the United
States of America, therefore
be It
Resolved, by the senate
and house of representatives
of the United States of Amer
lea in congress assembled.
that the state of war between
the United States and the i'm
perial German government
which has thus been trust
upon the United States is
hereby formally declared; and
that the president be and he
is hereby authorized and d.
rected to employ the entire
naval and military forces of
the United States and the re-
sources of the government to
carry on war against the i'm
perial German government
and to bring the conflict to a
successful termination, all of
the resources of the country
are hereby pledged by the
congress of the United
States"
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05
WV u,no,,>'ENTS

Chris. Andersen, the new owler!
of the Rice livery D.srn. is having a
force of workmen bustiy engaged
tearing down and remodling the in
terror of the building. The barn
will be converted into a garage and
many changes will be necessary. His
two sons, who have had wide expert
ence in the repair business. will con-
duct the garage and they are INSTALL
ing the necessary machinery to prop
erly take care of the business.
The Andersens hope to have all
the remodling done this week so that
by the end of next week they will
be able to do repair work. For the
present they will confine themselves
strictly to repair work and late in the
fall will take the agency for new
automobiles.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05
would be entirely out Of keeping for
the occasion.
The virginian Cafe served sand
wiches and coffee and then passed the
cigars.
CLERK HORNING GETS
SOME NEW INSTRUCTIONS

Clerks of the district court, who
are charged with the naturalization
business Of the government in the
country. have been given supplement-
al instructions relative to several
points of exceptional interest in view
Of the situation in Europe growing
out of the war and the change in
government Of Russia.
With regard to aliens whose coun-
tries may possibly become enemies,
thus making the individual an
enemy alien" during the period Of
such war, the government rules that
such aliens may petition for natural
ization but that naturalization shall
not be perfected until after the war
has been ended and peace declared.
The regulation advises that due
consideration" shall be given to the
petition for citizenship, and no un-
necessary restrictions nor surveill-
ance INDUCED in, but that the status
of the petitioner shall be that Of q
citizen of his native land, with the
exception that the intention to be-
come q citizen will be considered as
q circumstance in favor of the ap-
plicant duringthe continuance of the
war.
The new instructions direct that
natives Of Russia who shall apply for
citizenship while the present provis-
ional government is de facto shall
make their remuneration of citizen
ship from "the present (for existing)
government of Russia" instead of re-
nouncing allegiance to the car as
formerly.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05
names in voices that quivered with

names in voices that quivered with
emotion.
The galleries were filled to over
flowing. and on the floor back of
the senators seats were almost half
the membership Of the house In
the diplomatic gallery was Secre-
tary Lansing, Counsellor Polk of
the state department, Minister CAL
deron of Bolivia and Minister Elk
engren of Sweden. Earlier in the
evening DR.. Ritter. the Swiss min
lister in charge Of GeEman interestr
in this country had been present.
Secretary McAdoO was on the
floor during the last few hours of
the debate. As the last name was
called and the clock announced the
vote SO to there was hardly q
murmur of applause. The great
crowd was awed ~ ~ the solemnity of
the occasion and sobered by the
speeches they had heard.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05
WILL SOON HAVE NEW HOME

A large force of workmen are
busily engaged remodling the second
story of the building occupied by c.
II. Wilde. The room is also being en-
larged. Upon its completion the
w. o. WIS will occupy the room
for lodge purposes and hope to make
the new location their permanent
headquarters. This lodge has been
organized in Audubon but little over
two years and already has large
membership. The regular meeting
nights are Wednesday of each week
and for several weeks past from
five to twelve candidates have been
initiated into the mysteries of the
order. 1t is confidently expected that
the w. o. WIS will soon have the
largest membership of any secret or
fraternal organization in the city.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05

Andrew Andreasen who has been
visiting Jens Werner, left this morn
ing for Ottumwa where he will visit
his daughter, and from there he will
return to Davenport Mr.. Andreasen
has for number of years been en-
plOyed in the government arsenal,
which he states is an exceptionally
busy place just at this time A strong
force of men are guarding the arsenal
and no one but employees are admit
ed to the grounds.
Cream Al cents. Audubon Produce
Co.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05

WASHINGTON. d. c.. April A.
The resolution declaring that state
of war exists between the United
States and Germany was passed by
the senate tonight by a vote 80 to 6.
1t goes to the house where debate
will begin tomorrow morning at 10
o'clock to continue until action is
taken.
The senators who cast the negative
votes were Gronna of NorthDakota,
LaFollette of Wisconsin, Norris of
Nebraska, Lane of Oregon. Stone of
Missouri and Vardaman of Missis :
sippi.
Senator McCumbers substitute to
declare the existence of a state of
war on the sinking of another Ameri-
can ship by Germany was defeated
without roll call.
The resolution drafted after con-
sultation with the state departemnt
and already accepted by the house
committee. says the state of war
trust upon the United States is
formally declared and directs the
president to employ the entire mill
tary and naval forces and the re-
sources of the government to carry on
war and bring 1t to successful
termination.
Action in the senate came just after
II o'clock, at the close of debate
that had lasted continuously since 10
o'clock this morning. The climax was
reached late in the afternoon when
Senator John Sharp Williams denoun-
ced speech by Senator La Toilette
as more worthy Of Herr Won Beth
mann-H0liweg than an American
senator
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05
CITIZENS GIVE
SOLDIERS RECEPTION
Commercial Club Holds Informal Re.
ception at Club Rooms For The
Audubon Soldiers Tuesday
Byzantine

The members Of the Audubon
Commercial Club held an informal
reception at the club rooms last Tues
day evening and was largely attend
ID. The gathering was inspired by
the return of Doc Settlemire, who has
recently come back from the Mexican
border.
After social hour the meeting was
called to order by the president,
George Viewer. The male quar-
tet furnished couple of selec-
lions after which number of gentle
men were called upon to make short
talks. r. c. Spencer, A. H. Edwards,
Rev. T. B. Greenlee and DR.. Brooks
make short talks. and in some Of
them there was every evidence Of
ON responsive ears
y Doc Settlemire who was q member
OF the National Guards and doing
service on the Mexican border was
then called upon to make q few re-
marks. He told thrilling story, of
his stay In the south and how he
came to enlist to do service for his
country. Doc gave very interest
ing talk and was greatly appreciated
By all who had come to do him honor.
He has enlisted for q period Of three
Fears and 1t is quite probable that he
viii soon be called to do duty in the
crises that Is now threatning this
8evernment.
Prof. Wooters, of Ames, was also
In the city and made short talk
ON the conservation four national
resources in connection with the
boys acre corn club that was organic
cd In the county last year.
Z Mr.. Wo0ters Joined in the spirit of
the occasion and made q patriotic
talk. He felt that anything else
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05
HOW EASTER SUNDAY
Is ARRANGED

Among Christians !. "omnc;I of
with decision of the ~ ,ahra, :.
Nicaea, 325 A. d., Easter IS Co., ~,
ed on the first Sunday aftey the To-.
moon which comes next after the
spring equinox. In consequence
Easter may foil anywhere between
March 22nd, and April 25th
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05

100000 soldiers will be the first
call of the President and this num-
Der will be made up of young men
from all parts of the United States
ranging in age from Is to '23 years.
Room wanted, Phone %.
Audubon Republican. [volume] (Audubon, Iowa) 1894-1925, 1917-04-05
BIG CROWD Is ON
THEIR WAY TO CANADA

Hans Hansen, the Canada land
man left Wednesday evening over
the North Western for Standard
Alberta. Canada, where he is estab-
fishing a new Danish colony. Those
in the party were: Chris Boo. Peter
Olsen, Nels Nielsen, H. C. Hansen,
Chas. Hansen, Chris Madsen, John
Nelson, Arel Thompson. Hans Esko,
Jens Jensen, l.. Nielsen, of Elk Horn:
Albert JOrgensen. Bonnie Skipper. of
Kimballton; Andrel Andersen. of
Coon Rapids and Hans Hansen, of
Audubon.
There will no doubt be large
number of them who will purchase
land. as many have already made
purchases.