davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05

tanned solely for the use OF the army
and Germany's army has been using
the homing pigeon to considerable
extent ever since. BY 1874 there we: e
ofncial pigeon cotes established at CO.
logne, Metz. Strassburg and Baden.
To stimulate the interest in breed
Ing homing pigeons the Kaiser gave
annual prizes for the swiftest and
the war there were 17s private hon.
ing pigeon societies in Germany own
ing a total OF 52.24o birds. exclusive
OF those in the army cotes.
Germany's interest in the homing
pigeon was stimulus to that in other
countries. Italy followed the ex-
ample set by France and Germany
and her cotes ever since have been
world renowned. She now has six
teen army lofts, all filled with the
very highest type OF birds that breed
ers can produce. Russia has Ave OF
these military lofts and this means
several thousand birds, to say nothing
OF the new crop of young birds that
annually come on. for the pigeon is
prolific as breeder.
Spain Has Fine Lofts.
Spain has a magnificent collection
OF homing pigeons and Its official lofts
are among the finest IN the world. Its
eighteen lofts. all under military SUI
pervision, are scattered through the
kingdom with a trained body of SOL
diers to look after and train the birds.
Portugal. like her neighbor has gone
in scientifically for pigeon breeding
and uses them extensively for army
and secret service purposes. Portu-
gal has fourteen lofts: Sweden and
Denmark five each. Holland has no
But all said and done France leads
the world In the utilization of the
carrier pigeon. There are upwards
OF 100. 900 birds in the hands of skilled
breeders and trainers throughout that
Republic, all OF which are subject to
be Communicated by the government
at an instant's notice. AS 1t Is France.
learning the value of these winged
messengers in the Franco-Prussian
war, now has twenty eight military
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05

mics" get into action and no doubt
General Pershing and his stan al
ready have had occasion to use them.
In the American cote are birds that
are the progeny of Sunny JIM" one
of the most noted honing birds in the
world. Jim electrified the homing
fanciers OF the world few years ago
by a fight from Rio de Janeiro to
Jeanette, Pa, a distance OF 1900
miles 1t was the first time a bird
of its kind ever winged its way from
a point south OF the Equator. Jim
was liberated at Rio on May 8. 1913.
Twenty-four hours afterwards he re-
turned to the point Of liberation. cir
cled about the cote for an hour or so
and then headed due north. Whether
it was the intense heat. or the great
distance. most OF which was over
strange and unfamiliar surroundings
Astounding in dense tropical foliage.
none knows. but in any event Sunny
Jim did not return to his Pennsyl-
vania cote until twenty-four days after
his liberation in the tropics. Blu. tie
all important point is. he arrived.
Whereas the natural Instinct OF the
carrier pigeon Is to seek his cote the
moment he Is liberated at some dis
tant point. nevertheless the armies
OF the world are not relying on In
stinct alone. These birds are train
ed Just as diligently and assiduously
as any other part of the wonderful
units that are being so masterfully
welded into perfect war machine.
The training Is only accomplished az
ter weeks and months of patient effort
and now that the time has arrived
for our army to take its place In the
foreign battle line. great faith Is be-
ing pinned to the feathered tribe that
Is being transported across the seas.
Dates Back to Pharoah.
The part the homing pigeons PLAYED
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05

in the affairs OF the world as previous
ly stated. dates back to the days when
Pharoah's navigators were sailing to
Egypt and released these homing
birds to let those at home know the
date of their expected return. In the
seventh century. history tells US. the
Arabs maintained regular pigeon
post. The burdens OF tho Dutch dur
ing the siege OF Leyden. were mate
rally lightened by the swift flying
pigeons which conveyed their mes
sages and kept the lines OF communi-
cation open and safe.
The real value of the homing pig
con in war was best demonstrated
during the siege of Paris in the Fran
co -Prussian war, just forty-four years
ago. In the course of this siege sew
enty-four balloons were sent aloft all
freighted with homing pigeons which
were destined for Tours and other
points. It Is said that upwards OF
500 pigeons were sent from the Prov
inces to Paris during the siege and
that the momentous messages they
conveyed would make a library Of
500 volumes. 1t was just prior to the
siege that Barreswill and Dragon per-
fected process of microrhotography
by which two to three thousand letters
could be photographed on a Aim two
inches long by an inch and a half
wide. BY placing the negative or
positives in a stereopticon and throw
ing them on a screen, the messages
could easily be read. More than 4o.-
900 such messages were sent while
the siege lasted.
Pigeon Post For Berlin.
Immediately after signing the
treaty OF peace Bismarck. realizing
the importance OF 4 pigeon post In
war times. issued orders for estab-
fishing cotes Of the best birds obtain
able in Berlin. These were main
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05

aonslble for this great war measure
re: Howard f. Conn. chairman.
vice president Of the Hudson Motor
Company. whost vision anG enthus-
i1sm are largely responsible for the
new deVeiopu ent, Brigadler General
George O. Squier, Chief signal Of1cer.
L. S. A; Rear Admiral David w
T7ylcr. Bureau ~ Constructions. s. y
Walden. ex-vice- president Of the
Packard Motor Car Co; E, A. Deeds
former general manager Of the Ma
e!onai Cash Register Co. later with
the Dayton Engineering Laboratory
Com pany. and 4. L. Montgomery
senior member Of the ladeiphia
bank ng firm of Montgomery, CIothier
and Tyler, who serves as financial and
business adviser OF the board.
Tie Aircraft Production Board IS
acting in closest CO. operation with the
War and Navy Departments, and es-
pecially with the recently created
Joint Army ana Navy Board on De
sign and Specifications. which has
been intrustcd by the Secretaries Of
The two branches Of the service with
discretion on all questions of design
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05

has been equalled.
It is generally conceded that the
safest way TO conceal message to be
borne by carrier pigeon is to en-
fold II In little tube that Is tucked
beneath the birds wing. Sometimes
the note Is tied to its leg. or about
its neck. but the tube Is moro popu-
lar. When a homing pigeon Is re-
leased for its home fight 1t generally
scars to tremendous altitude in
order to get Its bearings. When 1t
has established it's sense of direction
II darts away in straight flight to its
goal. or cote AS the bird flies so
swiftly and at such great altitude
the chances OF Its being shot by an
enemy sharpshooter is remote in tn j,
extreme and for this reason the
chances for Its bringing home the
message with which 1t was entrusted
are excellent
Birds Used BY Pershing.
Uncle Sans birds will be extern
sive!y used once tho Am srican Sam
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05

be turned over 20 American industry
10 build with directions 20 turn all its
enthusiasm ard energy TO the task
Of producing Il by thousands.
America to Contribute Heavy Type
Machines.
The building of the heavier types
Of airplanes used in bombing and re-
connaisance. on which the United
States will concentrate to form the
great body OF the allied air fleets. to-
gether with the task of building train
ing machines in quantities, Will leave
the British and French manufactur-
ers free to construct more OF the very
fast and highly specialized types OF
light fighters which they have become
experienced IN building. Tho United
States may later enter this portion OF
the production field but for the pres
ent the Immediate demand for guam
tity manufacture places the chief en-
phasis on the heavier types as the
chief contribution Of this country.
Autom obile plants are 30 be extern
stvely called upon. AMI for special
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05
viii American Planes and Men Cast the Balance
Which Will Win the War; What Uncle Sam
Is Doing The Building of Machines
and the Training Of Avators

vi tpEM the positive belief that
American aviators VIII break into
he skyline of Germany like birds
u IN migration" said Governor
James ID Cox. of Ohio, in recent ad-
oress- Their purpose will not he
Killing OF women and children. nor OF
"reaking human slaughter In any
form: but the American birdnen will
reach Essen and KEEL and destroy not
only the navy Of Germany but also
every institution which continues ths
menace OF Pruss!an imperialism"
Aircraft Production Board at Work.
The United States Government has
charged the Aircraft Production
Board OF the Council or National De-
Tense with the duty OF developing in
dusirial resources OF supply for the
building of a!rplane and this boa I'd
IS confident that It is entirely possible
tor the United States TO turn out In
quantity airplanes and airplane en-
zines 2uitab'e for use Ut the front.
The plans Of aviation equipment for
eSectual and decisive effort IN the war
outlined by this board call for an ap
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05

parts cash register, sewing machine
and typewriter plants woodwork t.,e,,
and other manufacturing institutions
will each be used In various WAYS
through sub-contracts from the enigma
manufacturers.
Standardization Is Essential
The whole answer 10 the problem
before L. Is Standardization" said the
Council of National Defense in a re-
cent statement. The American de-.
velopment of the airplane motor will
be a standardized motor. If necessary
parts exactly alike can be turned ont
in quantity in one factory an shinnc5
TO different place to be assembled"
To prepare men for aviation war
service nine training fields, capable Of
turning out 800 aviators every four
months have already been authorized
by the Government and the new bill
with its larger financial provision now
In Congress will provide for total
of twenty-four. Four OF the nine al
ready authorized are nearing compile
ton at this writing and three of them
viii be in use before the appearance
of this article. The men who are 10
AL these fields are at this moment TAX
ing preliminary training in SIX OF the
country's leading engineering schools.
and from these and others 10 be es-
Ia blished later a constant stream OF
recruits will occupy the big aviation
fields.
The six educational establishments
which are supplying preliminary MILL
tary aeronautical instruction to the
aviation recruits are Cornell Iyr,var
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05

preparation OF about Sc Ia .,..0g. s.
The Aircraft Production Board say
that II is not possible 10 state exact
iy how many airplanes the Govern
ment will build within the year &C
cordinr TO this program. but the pos
sihii'ttes are esttr7a'et At between 25.-
600 and 35oo6 airrla1es and engines
in time for rext summers offensive.
and this number may he augmented =
the extEencles O. The situation demand
IL
Airplarcs, Men and Mechanics Needed
In addition to its aircraft America
must train al least 10 900 aviators
for the front by next spring If Con-
gross grants sufficient money more
than that number WIZ he available. To
Sect the balance on tie winning side
America must not only supply air
planes with men SUFFICIENT TO man
them. but she must also supply con-
slant stream OF aviators and m echan-
les 20 the European battiefelds
The members OF the Aircraft Pro.
duction Board OF the Council OF Ma
tional Defense who are mainly re-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05
eCexY<~7S RG55zgz
S1<SxZSexoe9
CGG<21Sr0
History Traces the Use Of
Carrier Pigeons To the
Time Of Pharoah - First
Real Value In War Was
Shown At the Siege Of
Paris Great Distances
Covered, One Record of
4,200 Miles.
Copyright, 1917. by The International
Syndicate.

Copyright, 1el7. by The International
Syndicate.
- INCE the days OF Pharaoh the
carrier pigeon has played an
important part in warfare. De-
~ spite the perfection Of the wired
and wireless telegraph and telephone,
wis-wagging and other means OF
transmitting messages from head
quarters to neld commanders nothing
has yet been invented. unless it Is the
aeroplane. that makes these means Of
communication absolutely safe from
prying eyes and ears. Therefore. now
A. heretofore. the armies of the world
rely upon the carrier pigeon as tn /,
safest and surest means of communi-
cation where absolute secrecy is es-
Sential.
While other nations of the world,
especially Germany. Italy and France.
have devoted years OF careful study
to the breeding and training OF hon.
ing pigeons, 1t has only been recent
ly that the United States deemed 1t
necessary to look for these winged
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05
TYPE az
1HC/1L2e @S0
~ G5e A~@22T

sity; Massachusetts, Institute of Tech
nology. and the Universities of Ohio.
Illinois. Texas and California. The
course includes the construction. care
and rigging of aeronautlcal engines:
! theory of flight including the construc-
ton, care and rigging of acroplanes:
/ cross country and general flying, in
Guiding meteorology. astronomy, pho
| Biography and Instruments. aerial OBJ
servation. reconnaissance gunnery.
including tho care and operation OF
machine gurs; bombs and bombing:
signalling and wireless, and military
regulations.
, Candidates for aviation service must
be graduates in this course, which Is
taken in eight weeks. before they are
promoted to the flying fields. The four
( fields ready for occupation are located
at Dayton. Ohio; Rantoul, and Belle
Vile. Illinois; and Mount Clemens.
! Michigan. The course in practical
flying is four months. The standard
aviation fold is approximately one
mile square and provides accommoda-
tIon for two squadron OF $50 stu
dents each with the necessary officers
and enlisted men. The field at Day.
ton. Ohio. provides for four squad
rons
Over 10000 Trained Aviators Each
Year.
The Aircraft Production Board CAL
culates that with the authorization Of
twenty four aviation fields, each train
ing 800 students in four months. the
United States should be able to turn
out approximately 81. 600 trained mill
itary aviators n year after the system
is put completely into effect
In anticipation of,the transfer OF tho
new airmen TO the foreign fields the
United States Government Is now
building in France a duplicate OF the
American standard two-squadron field.
AS the mon leave the American fields
at the close of their four-months'
training they Will proceed 70 France
On French soil under French instruct
ors and with French machines they
will com plete their preparations for
actual WORK at the front,
The distinguishing insignia which
the United States Government has
adopted for all its military aircraft
is a white star with red center on a
circular background of blue. All
Am erican airplanes, seaplanes. captive
balloons and dirigibles will bear this
com bination of the national colois.
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1917-04-14

]. q. Watts. Attorney for P1aintifha
Residing at Mountain Home. Idaho.
April Inlay 10.
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1917-04-14
NOTICE or sngRlFF's SALE

Notice of Shsriff's Sale on Fore
closure Of Mortgage.
w. A. Cunninghaw, PAiakiff. W. John
T. Hughes and Minda Hughes. hsas-
band and wife. n. v. Nav. ard
Mary v. Nav, Executrix Of the last
win Of J. y. Nav. decsased. and
g. B. owsn. Defendants.
UNDER AND BY VIRTUE OF IN
order Of sale and decree Of foreclos-
ure, issued out OF the nistsica Court
OF the Fourth Judicial District. 0tate
Of Idaho, In and ees the Ceunty; at
fillmore, on the third day Of March.
1917, In the above entitled action.
wherein w. A. CunninshAm. the
above named plaintiff obtaiosd Q De-
cree against John 7. Hughes and
Minda Hughes. husband and wife.
II. v. Nav. and Mary v. Nav. Ex-
ecutrix Of the last will Of ]. r. Nav.
deceased, and G. B. Owen. defend
ants. ON the 2sth day Of February.
1917. which said decree was. on the
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1917-04-14

seth DAY Of February. iel7. rseoc1>1
in judgment Book 4 of saA4 Coare q
page Sl4. ! I'm commanded 10 ssa n
that certain lot, plscs o. parcel q
land situated In ths County At NJ
more. State & NaAo. an1 bosn1so
end deecsihs1 - enllovs. to-w3e:
The East ons-hak (Dhl 0 IL
Southeast Quarter (Srk) oe The
Southeast Quarter (SEA) II Section
Twenty-six 1857 and the West ore
hsN (Wh) Of The Southwest osartsr
(SWA) Of the Southwest osartsr
(SWA) Of Section Tve1ty-nvs CD
all In Township Five 20 South.
Range Eight 90 Nast. B. H.. together
with all water rights end other ap-
purtenances thersunto bsloo0inG. or
in anywiss appeetaiaing.
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1917-04-14
70 THE STOCKHOLDERS or 1hk
GARNET WATER uSERs
ASSOCIATION.

NOTICE LS AlGREBY GIvNN. That
O special meeting OF the Stockholders
OF The Garnet Water Users Ass0cia
ton wiu bs held at the First ma
tional Bank at Mountain Home, IDA
no. ON Thursday. the 18th day Of
April lsl7. Of 2:00 O'Clock u tia
afternoon Of that DAY. to oonsaaes
and act upon the following naa&tsxs:
Proposed sals OF al right. title and
interest OF the Association In the
sub-stataon, uaamaastoa and Asstxk
button lines formerly used ~ the
Stockholders OF the Association for
pumping purposes: the distribution Of
the proceeds Of swah sale; the aia-
continuance OF oil operations ANA busi-
mesa by the ASSOCIATION. ard tAe
dissolution thereof and all other
matters In eonnsclAoa with any Of
the above mentioasd - nay psQp.
erly come before shs meeting.
Dated March 2stA. lS17.
.. u. Austin. Acting Secretary.
BY order OF the President w. IL.
Danforth. Ach. d. Apr. 2. II
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1917-04-14
NOTICE or coNTrsr.


Department OF the Interior. Unite
States Land Office. Boise. Idaho
March Il. 1917.
To Osmand L. Potter OF Boiss
Idaho, Coostesteo:
You are hereby notified that Nah
lon G. Swain who.givss Mountain
home, Idaho,.as his. post-office address,
did on February -. 1917, tie In thil
office hin duly oorroborated Appiica
ton to contest and secure tie oan
collation. a your AomsstsnA satre
No. 01lSS4. Serial No. 0llSe4 mada
December 10. 1911. for NM 8wA
sen SWA. NWA SEA. Section O.
Township North, Range . Hast,
Boise. Meridian. and - grounds tos
his contest h. alleges that ~6ai6
entryman, Command L. Potter. haa
never established residence On said
homestead. nor has he ever placed
any Improvements on any part OF tho
same, and that more than i've years
have elapsed since the date q dtns
ON the same"
You are. therefore. further nott
fled that the said allegations will be
taken % confessed. and your said
entry will be cancelled without further
right to be heard, either before this
office or ON appealH you tail TO file
In this office within twenty days
after the FOURTH publication Of this
notice. ~ shown below. your Answer.
under oath. specifically responding
to these allegations Of contest. To-
getheq with due proof that you have
served copy Of your answer on the
said contestant either In person or
by registered mail.
You should state In your Answer
the name OF the post office 20 which
YOU desire furture notices to b cent
to you
Frank 8. Hesr. Register.
y. B. Kinyon. Recover.
Date Of first publication March II.
1917.
Date of second publication April z.
1917.
Date OF third publications April II.
1917.
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1917-04-14

Department Of the Interior, u.
8. Land Office d Boise, Idaho,
March 10, 1917.
Notice i hsreby given that
John Il. Evaz1 Of Prairie, Idaho
who On November Is, 1913, made
Homestead ENTRY, No. 0l5261, for
sAN1A. NWAaDA, and lot !,
Section 4 Township l North,
Range 7 East, Boise Meridian,
has filed notice Of intention to
make Thrss-year Proof to estab-
lish claim - the land above de-
saribsd, before W. G. Howie,
UHissd SAAes Commissioner, At
Mountain Home, Idaho, ON the
36tA day II April, 1917.
Claimant names - witnesses.
William N. Brown,, OF Prairie
Idaho, William Ireland, Of Prairie
Idaho, Frank 81. Bower, Of Prair
70, Idaho, Fred d. Bower, Of
Prairie, Idaho.
FRANK 8. HER,
Register.
March q April n.
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1917-04-14
ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE WHY
ORDER OF GALE or REAL
KeTATE SHoULD NOT
n MADE.

In - Probate Court sf Elmors
County, Idaho.
In the matter o8 the estate oi
Neil Campbell. deceased.
Olive M. Campbell. the sxscutrdx
Of the last wan and Testament Cd
Neil Campbell, discussed, having tiled
her petition herein praying for N orde
OF sale Of thS real estate Of sal1
decsdsnt. TOR the purposes tAsrsin
set forth.
IT Is THERnyORN ORDNRND BY
the ssid Court that all Dsrsoss u
tArestsd IN The amkaGs OF saiA -
ceased appear before the sAiA Pro
hate Court on TAazsday. tie AtA.
day OF Aprl. 1sl7. q three o'csooa
In the afternoon q said 1Ay. ak hAs
Cours Room Of asiA Probate Court, In
the County OF Nlmogs. to SHOW Cause
why On order ah0uld Ao& DO granted
10 the said exscutrx to sell 90 much
OF the real estate OF the s@iA %.
csased ~ shan 10 ssosasAsy.
And that Q COY a thin ORDER be
Published OF lsast once o weak fOr
not less than tour aucosaatvs weeks
in Aountaia Hoaae Republican, o new
paper psaGstsd and publiaheA In seaA
fillmore County, MAAs, and that sAiA
publicAtioa be oomDLs&ea q least
five days prior to saia 9etA aav OF
April. ls17.
(GNALl
Dated February 7th. 1e17.
U. G. Smith. Judge OF Probate.
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1917-04-14

NOTICE n HuRHBY GIVEN. That
o. the 1lth day Of AIril 1917. q
10 O'Clock A. n. of tAat lAy, -
fronk Of the County Court HOUSE =
the Village of Aountsin Hsns. Counr
y At Dlmors. I wall II oes11eess -
sd order of sals anA 1scrse a sors-
closure. sell the above 4escrbed
property, or 70 much thereof - may
be necessary to satisfy plaintiffs de-
cree with interest thereon and costa.
to the highest bidder for cash. lawful
money Of the United States.
Dated March 2SrA. 1917.
ARTHUR 4. Stoves.
6Aor4n.
BY W. w. FOUNTAIN.
Deputy.
March 1851
Mountain Home Republican. [volume] (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1915-1946, 1917-04-14
NOTICE F0R PUBLICATION

NOTICE FOB PUBLICATION
Department Of the Interior, u,
8. Land Offics at Boise Idaho,
March 10th, 1871.
Notice b hereby gives that Will
Lawrence, of Mountain Home, Ida
no, who on April llth, 1914 made
Homestead entry, No. Ol5906, for
SW ANE&. EhNWA, NWANWA
Section %, Township s s., Range
6 T., Boise Meridian, has filed
notice Of intention to make 3 yea
proof, to establish claim TO the
land above described, before w. I
Howie, U. q. Comm.sionsr, at
Mountain Nbms, Idaho, On the Els
day Of Aps4, 1917.
Claimant names q witnesses:
Ralph Pierce, Frank Z. Insra-
ham, John Black, Charley Gross
man, al Of Aoantsin Home
Idaho.
FRANK 8. HER,
Register.
Nh ~ A. "A