davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times., 1917-08-05

The short, inexpensive courses we offer
as a preparation for office work will this
fall interest earnest patriotic, ambitious
young ladies. They will not take up long
courses designed to fit them merely for
artistic, polite, or social careers; but will
qualify to contribute a real definite service
in the shortest possible time.
Young lady a course in the South Bend
Business College will qualify you for Civil
Service appointment; make you able to
enter one of our local business offices and
contribute efficient service; insure you in
dependence, and furnish you a means of
rapid advancement.
You have at your command the greatest
opportunity ever offered; certain employ
ment, increased salary, an unprecedented
demand for your services. OF course,
your success depends upon your training,
and the best to be had may be obtained at
the South Bend Business College.
May we send you our catalog and fur
niSh you detailed information, so that YOU
may plan to be with us the opening week,
Sept. 4 to Sept. 10? Write, call or tele-
phone You will be treated with utmost
courtesy.
South Bend news-times., 1917-08-05
)1e Million Women in England are Doing
the Work Formerly Done by Men

1t is the patriotic duty of every Ameri-
can lady to contribute her support to the
furtherance of Federal interests during the
period of war. One million women in
England are now doing the work formerly
done by men, American women must
"do their bit, ;" and doubtless will.
But where can you give most effective
service? Young lady, the most efficient
service you can render now is in the field
of office work, either the Federal Or Civil
office You can take the place of a man
who may then go forth in defense of
Liberty.
The machinery of business, of produc-
ton, of transportation, etc, must be kept
moving at the usual, or an increased
speed. Thousands of young men holding
responsible office positions are entering
the Army and Navy. Their places must
be supplied mostly by women.
This, of course, demands special prepa-
ration for office work Fortunately, we
are able to qualify the young lady in few
months for most etfeCtual and efficient
service.
Young ladies just out of school, those
who are engaged in no definite productive
calling, must prepare to be of service to
our industries and the Nation.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26
2LKS CLUB GIVE DANCE.

ELKS CLUB GIVE DANCE.
At the parlors of the Elks hall a con-
genial party gathered and enjoyed an
Informal dance on Thursday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. ]. c. Brewer and Mr..
md Mrs. G. S. Flournoy chaperoned
he party, and MesSrs Stubs Dorm
ny and Charles Taliafcrro were the
hosts who made the affair success.
The Moultrie orchestra furnished the
beautiful music, Punch and sand
wichcs were served curing the eve
ming.
The out-of-town guests for the eve
ing were: Mrs. John II. McLain
Miss Virginia McLain. Mr.. !. Her
oert McLain. Mr.. Monroe Griffin
Mr. John Paulk, Mr. Clifton Paulll
Mr. Preston Ward and Miss Letitis
Lewis. OF Douglas, Miss Marian
Bradfeld. OF Atlanta. Miss Margare-
Austin, Miss Clara Stedman, Mr.. Wal
do Henderson and Mr.. F.. Billiard. o
Ocilla, and Mr. Samuel Concy OF Cor.
dele
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

used profusely and red candles east
ing glow throughout the rooms
which made them bcwitchingly pref
ty both afternoons.
Bridge was played at three tables
on Tuesday afternoon, Mrs. Martin.
guest OF honor. being presented with
beautiful hand-painted mustard jar.
Mrs. Reason Henderson who made
top score receiving hand-painted
bon-bon dish. The ladies were asked
to cut for the consolation prize and
Mrs. Jesse Grantham was presented
with a handsome deck OF cards A
tour-course luncheon was served and
the hostess was assisted by her daugh-
ter. Miss Hester Brewer. The guests
for this afternoon were: Mrs. Martin
Miss Marian Bradield. OF Atlanta
the guest OF Mrs. 'Flournoy. Miss
Alice Shepherd, OF Abbeville. the
guest OF Mrs. !. L. Pittman. Mrs
Reason Henderson, OF Ocilla, Mrs. T
!. Dickcy. Mrs Lon Dickey, Mrs
Fred Sp;ller, Mrs. J. L. Pittman. Mrs
G. Flournoy. Mrs J. L. Dorminy
Mrs. !. F. Sheahan and Mrs Jesse
Grantham
Wednesday afternoon rock was ell.
joyed by the guests at the close oil
which a delicious three-course lunch
con with coffee was served. Miss
Hester Brewer very ably assisted hei
mother in entertaining. The guests
for the afternoon were: Mrs. Josey. OF
Americas. who is the guest of her sis
ter, Mrs. Griffin. Mrs. T. NJ. Griffin
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26
BIRTHDAY PART

Mrs. Ed Hussey invited the mem
bers OF the G.. A. S. Club and the f.
X. c. Club to meet at her home We'd
nesday evening to celebrate the Attn
birthday anniversary of her son,
Clyde. A jolley evening was spent
playing games and toasting marsh
nlalIows. Punch and sandwiches were
served and Mrs. Hussey was assisted
in entertaining by her son, OrvilTe-
Many happy reminders of his birth
day were received by Master Clyde
from his friends.
The young people enjoying this
pleasant party were Misses Athleen
Dickey, Cori1e McPhail, Mary Alice
Lcath. Mildrsafdaie. Josephine Man
ming. and Annie Duncan, Masters Al
pheus Hill. Robert Ricketson, Edwin
Nixon, Carlos Horn, Earnest Justice
Ralph Herring, Mary Mays and Wal
lace Waites.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26
MRS. BREWER ENTERTAINS
FOR MRS. MARTIN

Tuesday and Wednesday afternoons
Mrs J. c. Brewer entertained with
two delightful parties for Mrs. w. S.
Martin, OF Pittsburg, who is the
guest OF her sister, Mrs. Fred Spiller.
The beautiful home OF Mrs. Brewer
on West Central Avenue was the
scene of artistically arranged decora-
ions. red carnations with fern being
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26
SIX O'CLOCK DINNER

DIR. and Mrs. ]. T. Cass entertained
with a six o'clock dinner Saturday
evening in honor of Mrs. w. S. Mar
TIM OF Pittsburs. who is, the guest
OF Mrs. Fred Spiller. and Miss Bessie
Hester, of Braden. KY. niece OF Mr..
and Mrs. Charles Carroll on Roanoke
Drive.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26
n ~ 2 y
\ |GEC9ZU
Miss Helen Osborne-Phone 15e
SEWING PARTY FOR
MRS. MARTINI

Thursday afternoon Mrs. Shallen-
berger and daughter Mrs. Heller
Maldoon were joint hostess entertain
ing with sewing party compliment
tary to Mrs. w. S Martin. who is a
popular visitor in the city from Pitts
burg. Pa. The Valentine colors o.
green and rcd were effectively car
RED out in the decorations. Mrs
Tone Wagner assisted in entertain
inc and i'll serving an elaborate three
course luncheon at the close of the
enjoyable afternoon. Twenty guests
were invited to spend this afternoon
over their fancywork.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Mr.. Will R. Tucker, Agricultural
Agent OF the A, B. and A, with head
quarters in Fitzgerald, was in the city
today trying to get the farmers inter
ested IN good melon crop and other
things that the boil weevil can't get
away with.-Tifton Gazette.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26
BOIL WEEVIL REACHES
ATLANTIC OCEAN

From the Progressive Farmer:
With movement Tor 1910 un-
precedented in its extent, the boil
weevll has now established itself
along the shore OF the Atlantic
| from the mouth OF the Savannah
river souttiWard to tlle Florida
line. distance OF some l25 miles.
From the mouth of the Savannah
river, north by northwest, the
/ river is the eastern limit of in
testation until Richmond county,
Ga, is reached, where the line
turns more to the west, running
dlagonally across north Georgia
to Floyd county, where it enters
northeast Alabama.
Wo years ago. SO far as is
known, not a boil weevil had
: been lounu III georgia TO-DAY
tull four-tfths of the cotton-pro-
, duclng area OF the STATE is inlest-
cu. Durnlg the same period Ala
+ bama has become entirely infest-
cd, as has considerable portion
OF Tennessee, and neal J ali OF the
cotton producing areas of Ark
ansas and Oklahoma. For some
unknown reason the Weevil dur
ing the past two years has brok-
Ell all records in the extent OF its
migratory movement and new
areas invaded. If its rate for the
past two years is kept up, two
more ycarsswill fine South Caro-
lima wholly covered, and five
years will suffice to put the wee
vii all over North Carolina and
well INTO the cotton growing
counties of southeast Virginia.
The outlook, while alarming,
is by no means hopeless. Cotton
has been and is being produced
at a profit under boil weevil CON
ditions, but in most cases the fight
has not been an easy one. Farm
ers have failed and mortgages
have been foreclosed merchants
and bankers have gone down be
cause of crop failures and bad col.
lections.
| But there have always been a
I few farmers who have succeeded
in spite of the wecvil, and the ex-
ample of these had been followed
by others, with a gradual return
to prosperous conditions. Nearly
all of Texas and Louisiana are
now in better condition than be-
fore the weevil came, and the only
regret they have IS that sound
policy was not agreed on by
farmers and business men in the
beginning, and then adhered to.
/ Instead, there was much founder
| ing about, one man advocating
this and one that, without any
sort of concerted eH;ort
Cotton will very probably con
tinue to be the main cash crop of
the South, despite the boil weevil,
but it must be made purely sur
plus crop, after all needed food
and feed crops have been grown,
along with an abundance of Win
ter and summer legumes to main
tain and increase soil fertility.
Following such policy has put
many weevil-ridden sections on
their feet, and every thinking
farmer and bushes man in newly
invaded territory should aim at a
similar policy in his own section
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26
GINNER'S REPORT

Number of bales of cotton ginned
up to January 10th, 1917 in Ben Hill
county-l2,554. Same date 1916
9.794.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

MIS-. McIver, OF Savannah. Presi-
der. d the Wo@an's Auxiliary in the
Diocese OF Georgia will be in the city
5or the purpose Of giving an address
before the ladies of the ST. Mathew
Episcopal church in the apartments
Of Mrs J. w. Blekcr newt Tuesday
afternoon.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Mrs. Kate White was hostess to a
spend the day party on Monday, Jan.
NJ, in honor of Mrs. w. S. Martin,
OF Pittsburg.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Miss Bessie Hester, OF Braden,
Ky. is spending the winter with her
aunt and uncle, Mr. and Mrs. Chas.
Carroll, OH West Roanoke Drive.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Fred Brewer. OF Waycross has
moved to his farm in Coffee county.
where he expects to pay special at
tention to spring chilxens.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Mrs. Fred Spiller, Mrs. Martin. Mrs.
l. w. Keim, Mrs. d. P. Adams, Mrs.
Will Adams, Mrs G. P. Mingledorf,
Mrs. L. c. Montague, Mrs L. l. CIR.
ner, Mrs c. s. Islcr, Mrs. G. G
Brewer.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Mss Letitia Lewis, of Douglas.
came Thursday to be the guest OF
Miss Hester Brewer, and to attend
the Elks' dance.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Mr.. and Mrs Tedfred Meyers an
nounce the arrival OF son Thursday
morning.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

For breaking lots phone 1872.
Give your street and number. 2tp
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Mrs. !. L. Dorminy is entertaining
large party this afternoon compli-
mentary to Mrs. W. S. Martin.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Mi and Mrs. j. H. Dodgen and
Miss Pauline Crawley motored over
to Douglas Sunday and spent the day
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Mr.. and Mrs. S. A. Pickens, OF Mar
tins Ferry Ohio, arrived Thursday to
spend several weeks with their son.
Nj R. c. Pickens, who lives west OF
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Miss Isla Green left today for Or
lando, Fla, to visit her brother, Mr.
Vincent Green.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Wedding ard party invitations.
Style and quality the best.
Prompt service. Leader-Enter-
prise. IF
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Mr.. Pemberton, son of Mr.. VIM.
Pemberton, and brotner-in-law OF Mr..
/. M. Swafford, OF tnfs city, arrived
here this week from Keokuk, Iowa,
for an indefinite visit with his rela-
hives. Mr.. Pcmberton regards the
present weather here as delightful
compared with Iowa weather at the
time of his departure.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Messrs. E. M. RiIIam and' Z. T.
Johnson passed through the city to-
day en- route to Jacksonville from
Scranton, Pa. These gentlemen en-
joyed good roads all the way until
reaching Chattanooga, since which
the roads were next to impossible,
owing largely to the almost contin-
uous rains. Ben Hill county roads
and the nifty" appearance Of the city
so impressed Mcssrs. Killam and
Johnson that they declared their in
tcntion Of returning here to spend
their vacation if Jacksonville did not
come up to their expectations.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Mrs. Josey, of Americas, is the
] guest OF her sister, Mrs. 7. NJ. Crit
= fin, and Mrs. ]. M. Mcdonald.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Mr.. and Mrs. J. A. Adams are
spending a week with their son, Mr..
!. T. Adams, of Ade!.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Emil Raymor, who spent the past
four months in Iowa, returned to the
city last week. glad to get to miider
climate. 1t was 20 below zero in
Iowa when he left.
The Leader, enterprise and press. (Fitzgerald, Ga.) 1915-1921, 1917-01-26

Mr.. and Mrs. ]. 4. Alberson re-
port the birth OF boy at their home
OH South Grant street Tuesday morn
ing.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-01-08
Apparel for Stout Women

: The Suit or Coat, for the stout woman
must fit well, little better in fact than
the garment for her more slender sister.
She may be stout, but she need not look
stout if the tailor or modiste designs
properly for her. The Read Coat, Suit
and Dress Shop has the interests of the
stout woman in mind and have provided
garments from the best metropolitan
ateliers, designed especially for large
women.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-01-08
LESS 1879

Dinner Ware,
Pottery,
White enamel anG
brass nickel plated
Bathroom Fixtures,
Mirrors,
Towel Bars,
Soap and Sponge Holders,
Rollers and boxes
for paper.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-01-08
Less 1917

China, Glass and
Table Silver,
Nickel and Copper Ware,
Chatting Dishes,
Coffee Machines,
Perco lators,
Table Kettles,
Tea and
Coffee Pots,
Casseroles.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-01-08
Corsets, Brassieres

Undermuslins, c
All at special prices
Envelope Chemises, flesh or white sizes SO
to A. at SO cts. $1.25, 81. 80 and 81 so
Embroidery trimmed 70 and SO cts.
Pink Batiste, SO cts. to. $1.59
Crepe de Chine Camisoles, white or flesh in
extra sizes, As to so, $3.50
Skirt Combinations, $500, $1.25 and $3.50
Drawers, embroidery and lace trimmed,
open or closed, all sizes at so, So and Is cts. up
Gowns, variety of styles, flesh or white,
among them the advertised brand Dove mus
lins) at $1.25, $3.50, $3.50, $175 and up
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-01-08
Brassieres

A number Of these
have been displayed on
the counter and are a
little dusty, not quite
fresh, others are incom-
plete in sizes. All are
the best and most desir-
able models. In sizes
80, "a, rs and 48. Were
80, 50 cts and $1.W
Is cts
Second floor.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-01-08

Hosiery Il
Women's Fancy. Silk
Hose, black, white and
gray, IS cts
Better qualities in a
large line of colorings,
black, white, gray,
bronze, taupe, pink, ca
nary, skys blue and
champagne, 80 cts
Mems Silk Hose,
Children's Idercerized
Cotton, black only,
3 pairs for 30 cts
Main foec.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-01-08

Corset Covers, flesh color with {
sleeve, were so cts, now Is al
Corset Covers, white, lace trimr
lace cap sleeve, were 50 cts, now Is a
Brassiere Cover, lace trimmed, siz
Sc only, were $500, no
Chemises, long, lace trimmed, sn
were 800 and $500, now So cts.
Chemise, blue batiste, lace trimme
Drawers, lace trimmed, fine quail
S1.70, $500 and $3.50, nc
Drawers, open, lace and embroidt
med, size 81 only, were 50 cts, nc
Three-piece Combinations, very
were $500 and $3.50, now
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-01-08
Corsets, a clearance

Corsets, a clearance
Of small lots, incomplete
sizes
This is an odd gath
ering containing great
values, some makes dis
! continued. Very good
styles, were $500, $685.
to $3.50
1913 and 1898
Others that were $500
and $3.50
$l.98
a limited number
s. were $3.50 i now $l.W
Stationery
Stationery in holly
boxes, were $1.W far
SO cts
Stationery in attrac-
tives boxes, IS cts
Desk Sets in variety,
$500 to $500
Desk fittings, ink wells,
paper racks, calendar
racks, paper knives, roll
botters, stamp boxes,
paper weights,
Is cts to $500
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-07-07

inson, Simmons, Smith (Md.), Stone
Swanson. Thomas, Underwood, Wads-
worth. Warren, Watson and Williams
After this amendment had been adopt
ed. the second half of the proposition
prohibiting the importation of distilled
liquors was carried by a vote of IS
to 10.
Senator King of Utah. just before
the Senate took a recess, introduced an
amendment which would provide for
communicating all the distilled spirits
in bond and providing that the owners
shall be compensated for it.
Rumors that a motion to reconsider
the vote by which the Cummins amend
ment was adopted would be made were
rife as the Senate assembled. A change
of three votes from yesterdays lineup
would strike the Cummins amendment
out. 1t was predicted that enough
votes had been lined up to accomplish
this result.
The Robinson amendment, known as
the administration compromise, as
amended by the Cummins amendment,
is as follows:
That from and after thirty days
from the date OF the approval of this
act no person shall use any foods,
fruits, food materials or feeds in the
production of distilled liquors, except
for governmental, industrial, manufac-
turing, scientific or medicinal purposes
No distilled liquors or spirits now in
pond IN the United states shall, during
the existing war, be withdrawn to be
used as beverage; nor shall there be
imported into the United States during
said war any distilled liquors.
ANY person who willfully violates this
section shall. upon conviction thereof,
be punished by a fine of not exceeding
$1,000, or by Imprisonment for not more
than two years. or both"
For this Senator Reed has pending the
following amendment:
Provided, however, that the President
ia hereby empowered to permit the with
drawal of distilled liquors or spirits in
bond If. in his opinion. such withdrawal
is in the public interest"
Senator Smoot, it was reported, would
offer an amendment providing for COM
Wandering distilled spirits in bond and
authorizing the President to pay for
them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-07-07
Of AUSTRIA I
WOULD END ALLIANCE
Said to Favor Throwing Off Ger
manic Yoke-Furthers Inter
ests of Peace. II
By the Associated Press.


LONDON, July 7.-According to the
Daily Express, a personal friend of the
Empress Zita of Austria has informed
certain members of the house of COM
mons that the empress is eXerting her
self strongly in the interests of peace.
She is credited with sufficient influence
over Emperor Charles to induce him to
try to withdraw from the Austro-Hun-
garian alliance with Germany as soon
as Austria Hungary is enabled to take
such action.
1t is announced in Buda Pest that
Count Moritz Esterhazy, the Hunga-
rian premier, will dissolve parliament,
as the obstructive tactics of supporters
of former Premier Tisza are making
legislation impossible, the Exchange
TELEGRAPH correspondent at Amsterdam
reports. --A,--
Before dissolution, however, the pre-
mier wishes to obtain passage of the
new franchise law in order that cleo
tions may be held under the revised
system.
Complete Amnesty Planned.
AMSTERDAM. July 7.-Aceording to
a telegram to Dutch newspapers from
Vienna. steps have been taken to grant
a complete amnesty to DIR. Karl Ka-
MARI and DR.. Aloysius Raschin. the
leaders of the Czech party in the Hun
garian parliament. who have heAr
serving sentences for treason. Both
will be released. but will not be al
lowed in Vienna nor permitted T. ~
tend the summer session of tho Hun
garfan parliament. Az r., i" i-t,e ~
hibited from living in Prague So
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-07-07
DIRECTIONS ISSUED
FOR REGISTRATION
$4,000 Cards Distributed, to
Be Signed by Woman Aids
in Food Administration.
SPEECHES AT ALL SCHOOLS

Directions were issued today by Will
liam H Baldwin, chairman of the Dis
trict council of defense, regarding the
registration of Washington women as
members of the food administration.
Distribution of the 10000 post cards
was completed yesterday by the police
department. Women who desire to DO
so may affix a stamp to these cards and
mail them They already are addressed
properly. Next Tuesday from noon to
I O'Clock every schoolhouse In the DIS
trict will be open so that women oesir-
ing to do so may leave their pledges
instructions, and the insignia to be
placed in the windows OF their homes
indicating they are cooperating with
the government conservation campaign
Speaking Program Planned.
Owing to the congestion of mail in the
Office of the food administration, women
who register through the schoolhouses
will receive their window placards and
their instructions before those who mail
the pledges. Mrs. F. L. Ransom, presi-
dent OF the Housekeepers' Alliance, is ar
ranging a series of speakers. largely mem
bers OF the food administration, to speak
In the schooihouses, Tuesday afternoon. at
3 O'Clock. These speakers will ampllfy
the instructions contained on the home
when they register. School teachers,
members of the Twentieth Century and
other clubs. and various Washington
women have volunteered to be at the
schools Tuesday to receive the pledges
as they come in.
To Wear Uniforms and Buttons.
To obtain the patterns for the kitchen
uniforms and the buttons women must
write directly to the food adninistra-
tors. Washington, D. c., and inclose 10
cents. Wearing of the uniform and
button is not necessary part of sign
ing the pledge. None of the uniform
patterns or buttons will be given out
at the schools because it is desired to
avoid any financial transaction The
instructions and the window placards
are given free to those who register.
Commissioner to Speak.
Commissioner Louis Brownlow will
address a mass meeting for women
Monday afternoon at o'clock in this
District building. He will outline the
general campaign for food conserva-
ton to be carried on in the District
This meeting will be followed by 9TH
ers being arranged by the women of the
District council of defense, at each of
which a particular phase of the food.
saving effort will be emphasized.