davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

refuse covering the cost of labor, ETC.
The sprays should be made up as they
are needed. for fermentation begins
within Il day or two.
Washes made Of fish oil or laundry
soap are also effective against aphids
and are especially suitable for use on a
small scale. The fish-oil soap of diff
ferent brands on the market varies
greatly in water content. so that the
precise quantity of soap to be used
with a given amount Of water will
vary also. Manufacturers however
are required by the Federal insecti-
eide act of 1910 to state on the label
the amount of active ingredients, in
this case soap and of inert ingredients
This will enable purchasers to max
up solution which should range from
j pound of soap for gallons Of water
to l pound for gallons. depending
upon the amount of water present Ii
the soap. AS has been already said,
soap should not be added to lime
sulphur solution. Nor should lime
sulphur solution be added to Kerosene
emulsion This last may be used
against aphids at the rate OF 1 gallon
to or gallons of water The stock
solution for this purpose is made ac-
cordins to the following formula:
Kerosene. gallons; tish-oil or laundry
soap. 1-2 pound; water. 1 gallon.
In view of the increasing damage
10 aPpieS from the various kinds of
aphids, the annual bud spraying of
apple orchards appears to be a good
practice. and IL continued over a series
OF years would, no doubt. prove profit
able. The several aphids which occur
on the plum, and the green peach
aphids. do not curl the foliage to the
same extent as do some of the apple
aphids. and it usually will be found
satisfactory to spray the trees after
there are indications that these insects
are abundant. Where the insects have
proved troublesome regularly, how
ever spring spraying may be desirable
In the case of currants and goose
berries it is especially important TO
spray a S the shoots are pushing out,
otherwise the insects wifi soon be pro-
tected by the distorted foliage. When
Spraying is carried on later in the sea :
son the liquid should be directed up
ward 70 wet the insects on the under
side OF the leaves
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27
LcEumes md Their Une.

Every progressive farmer now knows
mat leSuminous crops are an effective
way OF maintaining soil fertility. and
ior TINS reason the acreage in them
III constantly increasing. If the whole
crop rs plowed under. however. Il, is
evident that there can be no revenue
from the land that year. II is much
more profitable, therefore, to pasture
the land and then to pillow under what
remains of the crop together with III.
manure that is left on the ground
BaTnyard manure contains largo
proportion of the fertilizing value OF
the substances fed the animals In
inc enect upon fertility. therefore. il
makes comparatively little difference
whether the crop or the manure it
produces is returned to the soil What
Inference does exist is much more
than Offset by the profit that should
accompany the proper management OF
live stock.
All legumes make good pasturaee
and their use for this purpose will
minimize the need for more expensive
feedstuffs The extent to which this
ID done is one Of the great factors
that make for success in the live stock
Industry. The efficient use of all farm
roughage, such as straw and stover
and OF leguminous crops will provide
the farmer with much valuable feed
which may be said 10 cost him little n,
nothing. for giving it 10 animals does
not materially lessen its fertilizinp
value. and under ordinary circum.
stances no direct cash returns are tc
be expected from II.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27
PRlcE-FIxlNG POLICY
UNSETTLES MARKET
All Other Considerations of Tevcrish
Week Gnve Way before stand
of Government.
lBy Associated Prcss.l

tBy Associated Prcss.l
NEW YORK, August 26.-An other
considerations Of n feverish week In
tho stock market were subordinatcd to
conditions created by tho governments
price-fNing policy. disappointment
felt at the cut in soft coal was largely
counter balanced, however. by the moro
cheerful feeling created by the schedule
for tho anthracite product.
Action remains to BIO taken on such
copper and oils. all OF which. cspeci-
ally the latter. were much unsettled.
Declines I'm rails other than those of
the coal group. and In shippings. to-
baccos and few other specialties were
sympathetic.
Foreign conditions, as exemplified by
tie Russian situation. were again a
drag. likewise tho spread Of labor dis
q. rbances. but these developments later
~ inccd more hopeful tendencies.
1t is believed Washington will stand
Sronsor for another large loan to the
Rritish government and again buttress
French commercial credits In this mar
ret.
The urgent needs of the British gov
crnment were indicated by the sale to
american bankers OF SI5,000,O0O ninety
day treasury bills at IA per cent
discount and the intention Of the Brit
iSh exchequcr to make weekly offerings
here of the same character to an ag-
FreEate OF sl5O.0o0.0O0.
Steady withdrawal OF this country's
to1d. mainly by Japan. givese emphasis
t. reports that measures to restrict the
outflow may soon DC necessary.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

simultaneously. 1t must be remem-
eered. however. that although the ad-
dition Of soap adds much to the
spreading power and efficiency of the
nicotine spray, soap must not be used
with limc-sulphur solution.
1t is also comparatively simple
matter to make nicotine sprays n,
home IL tobacco stems or refuse to-
bacco are available. In the home
manufacture OF the solution, however,
1t Is difficult to determine the exact
strength of the decoction since the
various kinds of tobacco refuse vary
greatly i'm their nicotine content. In
this connection 1t is pointed out that
the stems from which the extract has
been made have value for fcrtilizing
purposes Of about $40 n ton. With
tobacco refuse and stems costing about
$50 ton, the spray solution can he
made for approximately l cent gal
Ion, the fertilizer value Of the extracted
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

There are a large number Of differ
ent kinds Of aphids, one or more Of
which may attack almost every form
of orchard and bush fruit. For the
o. control are applicable to all the
species. Quite number of the aphid
species winter in the egg stage on
the plants. which they attack in the
following spring. These may be con-
trolled successfully by spraying when
the buds first show green tips Of the
foliage. In this way the first brood
of the insects is killed and insurance
is obtained against injury later in the
season. Additional spraying may. how
ever, be necessary IL the infestation is
severe The Importance OF early bud
spraying is greatest with those species
Of aphids whose attacks result in curl
ing the leaves Of the plants on when
they feed. This curling serves to pro-
ect the insects to considera extent
from the contact spray. Those spe-
cles which do not curl the leaves are
more easily controlled by sprays after
it is noted ha hoy are becoming num-
crous.
Nicotine has been found to be one
OF tho most eff octive substances for
killing aphids. and as it may be ap-
piled with entire safety to plants. it
Is possibly the best suited Of all the
substances used in the control Of these
insects. The cost OF the concentrated
article is high. but as it may be greatly
diluted. he acual cost of applying the
spray compares favorably with that
OF other contact sprays. OF the COM
mereial preparations the 40 per cent
nicotine sulphate is the solution in
most common use. Weaker grades
may be used IL care is taken that the
spray is made up TO contain not les,
'hah ooo or o."o per cent of actual
nicotine.
Nicotine may be added either to the
winter strength limc-sulphur solution
used for the san Jose scale, or TO Tho
dilute line-sulphur solution ana arscn
ate OF lead spray employed IN tuc con-
troll Of insects and diseases of fruit
and foliage. 1t may also he used in
'orueauH mixture or IN arsenate OF
lead and water spray. This is a great
advantage. as the orchardist is en-
aDled to spray against several pests
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27
GOOD VENTILATlNG DEVICES
BY s. vnn AIKEN.

1t needs no scientific man to tell us
that plenty of pure air. both day and
night. is absolutely essential to good
health. 1t is II self-evident fact with
all intelligent people. but still there
are many people. too many, by far.
who, for some reason or other. get
along with an insufficient supply OF
fresh air. particularly during the night.
Many claim that they cannot stand
drafts-the breath of cool air upon
them while they sleep-without suf-
fering unfavornble consequences. and
as choice of evils they prefer to get
along without the needed air.
1t is possible. however. to avoid a
direct current of air from an omen win
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27
FATENlNG PIGS IN THE SOUTH

WASHINGTON, u. c., August 26.-
Figs which are six months old at this
Time may probably be fattened now
IN the South and sold on the early fall
market. says the United States De-
partment OF A 'iculture. By the use
OF several of the summer forage crops
the pigs can be grown cheaply and
come TO tho fattening period growthy.
healthy shotes. ready to make rapid
and economical gains upon rich fields
For fatteninS at this early season
use should be made OF the urain-pas-
ture crops. soy beans and cowpeas, and
OF eariy-sown sweet potatoes These
crops will fatten hogs quickly and
require only small amount OF grain
10 give good results.
On fairly rich soil, soy beans will
produce more feed than the other for
ages Each acre will afford pasture
for ten l5O-pound shotes for six to
seven weeks. In order 10 insure
against the production of an inferior
SOFT pork, one-third corn ration
should be fed in connection with the
soy-oean pasture, especially during the
latter part OF the fattening period, and
~hen such a system is followed each
acre OF soy beans will produce. from
400 TO 700 pounds Of pork
Cowpeas succeed better on poor soils
4.
a pork producing crop is much less.
tuNy twice as much grain must be
led with wpea pasture as was recon
mended in the case OF soy beans in
order TO ooslih equally rapid and heavy
gains. Whep.a a one-third grain ration
is fed in connection with cowpea for
= age one acre will carry eight l5O-
pound shotcs from four 10 fve weeks
and the pork producing power will be
CORRESPONDENCE reduced under that
estimated for soy beans
he Southern farmer is familiar with
the culture Of sweet potatoes. They
may be used to very good advantar
III the production Of pork. The pigs
90 their own harvesting. and when a
nigh protein supplement such as SOW
pean meal. OF tankage is fed in add-
ton in order to balance the ration. one
acre will produce from 400 to 500
pounds Of pork in four weeks graz
ing period. depending upon the Weld
OF potatoes.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27
Facts for Farmers. Stock
Breeders, Poultry ,Rsisers,
Orehdrdisss, Truckers and Gar
deners...Queries and ANSWERS

ago that an automobile was seldom
found on fruit farm. or any other
farm. But they are almost common
place now. and the fruit growers are
putting tho gasoline engine to work IN
another way-they are buying trucks
and tractors. And why not? Tractors
have proved their value, and I find
mighty few fruit growers who would
not like to have 4 truck to haul their
crop to market or the loading station.
Some Of them are already using mo-
tor trucks. and I'm another year or two
l almost believe that trucks will be
now.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27
PAY MORE FOR FARM LABOR

ihis little lecturc is taken from the
columns OF the Progressive Farmer:
inc result is going TO be that wa
are going to have to materially in
crease the wages of Southern farm la
Tor And If crop prices have SO ad-
vanced as to justify it, we ought &c do
II. We even question the morality and
Christianity of trying TO kccp the poor
i:ian who has only the muscle God gave
MN FOR support from getting the most
,AC WORLDS market will give him for
IT, We ought TO face the COMPETITION
or other sections not by taxing and
n.oobing labor agents" bur by treating
cur own labor SO fairly that il will
be willing to stay with u.s.
we ought also to recognize the fact
mat the scarcity Of labor is going 10
tnrce us into using much improved ma
chlEery heretofore neglected. More
over. if the labor to make the cotton
crop leaves or secures higher pay, this
VIII mean higher prices for the cotton,
mus repaying. in greater or less de-
gree. the man who hires high ID, iced
labor: while the man who has labor i'm
ms own family will get all the advant-
ages OF higher-priced labor without
airy Of the disadvantages OF PAWN out
money for 1t. In fact If we had not
mad cheap Labor race in the South
IN otEer words. if we had had to nav
the wages paid in Northern and wcst-
eFn etates-cotton would probably have
Soio LOT at least fourth more every
year we have made crop. So, If labor
no" advances in prices. the man who
hires labor will probably find compen-
sation In Increased cotton prices, while
me farmer who works with his own
hands Will naturally fare better than
ever before.
This does not mean. of course. that
IL pays any class of employers 10 ad-
vance wages arbitrarily without rime
or reason 1t docs mean that if the
law OF supply and demand brings about
increased wages. there will be COM
pensalioi In the form Of Increased crop
prices. 1t is also interesting to find
mat the profit-sharing idea is begin
n,ns 10 win approval among farm en-
pioyers as we'll as among city en-
ployers.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27
USE CONTACT SPRAYS
FOR DESTRUCTIVE APHIS
Most Effective Means of Controlling
Insects Tint DO Much Damage
to the Orchards,

Contact sprays are the only cncc-
tive means of controlling the various
kinds of aphids, the small insects
which by feeding upon the juices OF
the plants do much damage to the
fruit and foliage of orchard trees and
grapes. As the aphids do not eat the
plant tissues, but drain the sap from
them the various kinds of sprays con-
tanning stomach poisons, such as Paris
green. arsenate OF lead. etc, are in
effective. To do any good the sprays
must come in contact with the uouIe.
OF the insects. and great thoroughness
in spraying Is therefore necessary.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27
Fruit Farm DRAINAGE

Frult farm drainage Is even more
important than draining for far,,,
crops. as fruit plants. shrubs. vines
ana trees will not thrive in wet soil
Ihe outlets of tile drains neeo look.
ING after several times each wear n
see that they do not get clorved
sometimes the outlet tile. being e, I.
posed TO winter frosts. crumbles, caus.
Tag stoppage OF the outlet
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

cent Of the normal. against 70.a n
month ago. u.2 on August 25 last year.
Co., two years ago. and the ten-ycar
average of 100. II these expectation.
are met II will that for the first
time this season the condition OF the
crop is higher than the condition ON
the corresponding date year ago.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

Showing how the fresh air may he
turned upward toward the ceiling. or
downward toward the floor by n simple
arrangement of thin boards or a cloth
Mt the open top Of the window.
The window can then be opened up
to the top Of this cheesecloth screen.
keeping the air in the room pure, but
keeping out all drafts.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27
Fattening Cockerels.

If II is desired to fatten your vo,,p
cockerels for market. a good mixture
can be made as follows: thirty pounds
corn meal. ten pounds middlinEs. two
pounds linseed meal and about eight
to ten pounds Of good beef scrap. or
course. grit. charcoal and fresh water
must be before them all the time
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27
Weekly Cotton Review.

NEW ORLEANS. August 26.-Sharp
declines took place In the cotton mar
ket last week, and the weakness per-
sisted until the close, which was prac-
tfCally at the lowest and 25l to 21l
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

Long tolerated as a necessary n,is-
ance. the fly Is now regarded as un.
necessary and as more than a nuisance
as menace to life.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

Mosquitoes pretty bad! Cover .verv
~ater-hole that cannot be droinnd
with Kerosene and dump the rain
water barrel.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

device for turning the mir either to
the right OF left. Two strips OF thin
board, ten inches wide at one end curv-
ing to n point mt the other, aud us long
n" the width OF the window, mny he in
serted into the window. being held In
pIncc by little hooks and screw eyes.
dow and still have good ventilation in
ones room. One very simple device
consists of a frame to At the lower
part Of the window. covered with
cheesecloth, and held in place by means
OF screw eyes or nails placed SO the
franc will slip down behind the nails
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

II the horses are not to go on tho
hard roads. pull off their shoes and
give their hoofs a chance to grow
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27
Pruning sIa.im.,

start the tree right.
Do not cut out lnrge limbs.
Keep your tools sharp.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

The well-kept moving machine huns
lit does not rattle
Summer pruning induces fruitful
ness.
Feeding we'll is the only way we
md to get full milk pals. II takes
pounds of feed to bring pounds Of
butter.
Make good roads. and the country
Will be the most delightful place in
the world to live.
The orchard is not a profitable
source of firewood.
Fan all seeds and use only the
plumpest and cieanest seed possible.
Never leave stubs in cutting off
limbs.
Silage stimulates and improves di-
gestion during the dry-feeding period.
and keeps cattle thrifty and fresh.
good motto for the farmer is mo
weeds on this farm will go to seed this
year.
Examine the chicks for lice. If YOU
md them. grease under the wings and
on top OF the head of every chick with
pure fresh. clean lard
| a good place to put coal ashes Is in
one corner or the poultry-house. Hens
like to scratch and dust themselves in
| coal ashes.
AS catch crop on spare land or
"here another crop has failed, try
| buckwheat
Thousands OF dollars are wasted
every year through the purchase Of
cheap woven wire fence ONLY tho
best should be purchased.
Don't use the whip too freely on a
horse that SHES. Patience and kind
ness will do better.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

Don't use the whip too freely on a
morse that SHES. Patience and kind
ness will do better.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

Farm Automobiles.
Fruit-growing farmers are certainly
pro8ressiVe 1t was only few years
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

Thousands OF dollars are wasted
every year through the purchase OF
cheap woven wire fence. ONLY the
best should be purchased.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT

and The
Monday and contributions
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

Two triangular pieces OF board nre
needed to make this ventilntOr. Roll
the curtain down over the edge of the
pieces md hold In place by passing "a
small rod of wood through the screw
eyes.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

AS a catch crop on spare land or
where another crop has failed, try
buckwheat.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27
BRIEF NOTES THOUGHT
OUT ALONG THE WAYSIDE

The well-kept moving machine hum
it does not rattle.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

a good place to put coal ashes Is in
one corner Of the poultry-house Hens
like to scratch and dust themselves in
coal ashes.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

Examine the chicks for lice II you
md them. grease under the wings and
on top OF the head of every chick with
pure fresh. clean lard
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-08-27

SilaEe stimulates and improves di-
sestion during The dryfeeding period,
and keeps cattle thrifty and fresh.
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1917-12-15
At LAST
ADMITS IT'S ROADS
Recruiting Coal Shipments
in Effort to Improve
the Situation.
tBy Associated Press)

WASHINGTON, Dec. 15-Arter a
conference with Fuel Administrator
Garfield today Chairman A. w. Thomp
son of the operating committee of the
eastern railroad declared the coal fam
inc is due more to shortage OF trans
portation facilities than shortage Of
coal. The operating committee, he
said, is trying to overcome this by
rerouting the coal shipments.
To relieve the situation in Michigan
solid trainloads of coal are being sent
from Kentucky and Ohio lake ports.
Chairman Thompson and Administra
tor Garfield went over the whole
transportation problem as it affects
coal very exhaustively with the result
that with Encouragement Of shipment
eliminating long hauls some immedi-
ate Improvement in the situation is
hoped for.
The result of the plans would be to
supply coal to localities from the
nearest producing or shipping center
instead Of over lines Of ordinary trade
The West Virginian. [volume] (Fairmont, W. Va.) 1914-1974, 1917-12-15
City Hall Notes

There was no police court this morn
ing. All was quiet yesterday and not
an arrest was made.
Tony Pattono. an alleged murderer
was in the city jail for short time
yesterday evening. He was arrested
yesterday evening at Clarksburg BY
Officer Rily, Pennsylvania state DO.
liceman. While awaiting for the lite
Pennsylvania train, Pattano was
brought to the city jail and locked up.
He was taken 20 Greensburg Pa,
where he Is wanted.
Evidently most OF the water pipes
in the city have been thawed out. It
has been three days since either fire
department has received call.
Assistant Fire Marshal Kindelberge1
who has been in the city making thu
annual state fire inspection, has re-
turned to his home in Wheeling.