davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-01-25
CROP ROTATION
Farmers: Here Are the Things You
should Work Out This Winter
and Put into Practice in the
Spring

Crop rotation means a succession
of crops grown on the same land
according to definite plan. The
following advantages are gained by
adopting a well planned crop rota-
ton.
l. II provides for the growing OF
legumes (nitrogen-gathering crops,
which furnish an economic supply
of nitrogen and reduces TO the mini
mum the necessity of purchasing
commercial forms of nitrogen.
.. II keeps a growing crop on the
land most of the time, which checks
teaching and the erosion of the soil.
3. Shallow roofing crops are al
ternated with deep roofing crops and
the plant food is taken from different
portions and layers of the soil.
I. II reduces to the minimum the
possibility of damage from insect
pests and crop diseases.
5. Il enables the farmer to system
atize his plan and economic in
labor.
6. Il supplies tie soil NTH humus
and insures larger yield per acre.
Principles to Follow in Planning
Crop Rotation
4. Have at least one legume crop
in the rotation.
3. Have at least one cultivated
crop.
8. Rotate shallow roofing crops
with deep roofing crops.
4. In the South on soils subject to
teaching, plan to have crop on the
land all of the time.
5. Avoid bare summer following.
6. Do not follow small cereals with
other small cerals.
Z. Plan the rotation so as to have
about the same amount of forage
each year.
8. Keep enough stock on the farm
to consume all forage and grain.
Return manure to the land.
Q. Fresh manures should be APP
piled to corn or rank growing crops.
Well rotted manure can be applied
to all crops.
10. Fence and cross fence the farm
so that it can be utilized for pasture.
The value and necessity Of fol-
lowing systematic crop rotations, in
order to maintain soil fertility and
insure the largest yields Of crops
per acre. has long been known in the
older agricultural regions OF the
world. Land leases in European
countries usually specify what the
crop rotation is to be. In some Sec
tions of the United States farmers
fully appreciate and have adopted
systematic crop rotations.
Only very small percentage OF
the farmers in the cotton states have
adopted any system of crop rotation
I'D TO this time. Interest, however,
is growing rapidly among the cotton
farmers in favor Of adopting crop
rotation. The rapid depletion OF the
soil under the one crop system has
emphasized the necessity of this.
By adopting a well planned system
of crop rotation the soils can be
easily and quickly built up and soil
fertility can be maintained. Legum-
nous crops such as cowpeas, soy
beans. velvet beans, and the clovers,
gather nitrogen from the air and
store it in the soil. II live stock are
kept to consume the hay and grain
produced on the farm and the barn
ward manure is applied to the soil,
the fertility and the productive
ness of the soil can be maintained
at very little expense for commercial
fertilizers. The only elements of
fertility that will be reduced will
be a small amount Of phosphor-
Gus and potash each year and
these can be returned at small
expense in commercial forms.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-01-25

Hurrah for Iona II is only right
that some mention Of this boy be
made because of his efforts and sue
cess in winning this trophy. You
will remember that he won first
place in his own County this year
and this Of course helped him win
this honorary prize. My other boys
have done we'll and I am proud OF
them, and il does seem that Iona
ought to treat the rest of us on this
victory of his. How about it LonaY
We are glad too that Iona is now
studying agriculture in the regular
course given by Berea College. This
is wise and every boy who aspires
to be farmer, and a good one,
should study along this line. You
can do nothing better than send your
boys where they will come in touch
with those really interested in agri-
culture. Send them to Berea.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-01-25

II a regiment Of 1900 men. with
equipment OF 10000 pounds. marches
ten miles Il does as much work AZ Ia
borers raising weight Of 100000 tons
n disfnnce Of one foot
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-01-25
BEAUTIFUL MODEL.
Msidsos VIII Like This
unususIIy Fetching Frook.

Black net over white liberty silk
gives this girlIsh dance gown. What
makes a special appeal IL the net tunic
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-01-25
Too SLOW For Him.

Now. old boy. here are the step
ping stones TO success-industry. fru-
gality"-
stepping stonesf Gee whiz. dad.
show me the speedwsyF-Louisvills
Courier Journal.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-01-25

bordered with black velvet ribbon and
handsomely overshot with n fowery
design done In gay colors. Please no
tice the unusual sleeves
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-01-25
CINCINNATI MARkETS
Flour. Grain and Hay.

Flour-Winter family $SQs50. win.
ter extra s7G7.50. low grade s6.5Oq {.
hard patent s9a9.50, hard fancy sS.25
S.75, hard family S7d7.50.
Wheat-No. 2 red $3.50 1877, No. 3
red $l.9O@1.94. No. red sl.70m l.S2.
Oats-No. white 6lG6llac. stand
ard white 6O12 a Gle, No. mixed 5sis
G60c, No. mixed SEA 59l2c, No.
mixed 57Q5Sc.
Rye-No. 2 $3.50 l.54. No. 3 sl.43
d1.49, No. 4 sl.37ml.42.
Hay-No. ! timothy $3.50, No. 2
sl5.5O, No. 3 $3.50. No. / clover mix
ed SIG. No. 2 SIS, No clover ST.. No,
2 SIS.
Barley-No. 2 spring 1880 SO. No.
spring $1,000 1876, No. spring $l.l0
61.3O, No. l feed 90cG$l.l0.
Corn-No. 3 white $1.Oid LOS, No. 3
yellow s1.O3h a1.O4, No. 3 mixed
S1.O3h61.O4, white ear $lO1d1.O3.
mixed ear 5000 1903. yellow ear sl.Ol
ql.03.
Butter, Eggs and Poultry.
Butter-Whole milk creamery ex-
tras 41kc, centralized creamery ex-
tras 40c, dairy fancy 32c.
Eggs-Prime firsts 4Oc. firsts 3Skc,
ordinary firsts 33c, seconds 3Oc.
Live Poultry-Roasters, 4 lbs and over,
l9c; broilers, l15 lb and under &c;
flyers, over Y lb, l9c; fowls, 5 lbs
and over, lsc; under lbs. Use; roost-
ers, 14c; young stays, lSc.
Live Stock.
Cattle-Shippers $s.1OGl0.25; butch
err steers, extra s925d975. good to
choice $sM9. common to fair SEQ
$50; heifers. extra $S.50q9, good to
choice s7.75@S.5O, common to fair $3.50
az; cows. extra s7@750, good to
choice s5.75@675. common TO fair Sc
@55O: Gamers $45Oq5.25, stockers
and feeders s5a7.65.
Bulls-Bologna S6G725. extra S7.36
6750, fat bulls $750@8
Calves-Extra S1325@13.5O, fair to
good si2G13.25. common and large Is
Q1O5O.
Hogs-Selected heavy shippers
Sl135, good TO choice packers and
butchers s11.300l1.35, mixed packers
Sl110Q11.35, stays s7Q9. common to
choice heavy fat sows $4,000. light
shippers s1075q1l, pigs Gl0 lbs and
less) $SQ1050.
Sheep-Extra $3.50. good TO choice
y7.6O@8.4 40, common TO fair s5.50@7.
Lambs-Extra sl4 good to choice
s13.50@13.75, common to fair s9@13.
The citizen. [volume] (Berea, Ky.) 1899-1958, 1917-01-25

ADVISES FALL PLowINo.


. Flowing In the fall for next I
. springs crops should be encour- 4
. aged In most cases because II
. distributes labor more evenly I
= throughout the year, favors ear 4
= lier seeding. improves soil struc-
= ture and kills many insects. says I
= +. A. weiton Of the Ohio expert 4
= ment station. Only on soils sub 4
= ject to washing, on fine clay soils
= and where catch crops are seed I
= ed In the fall Is this practice not
= recommended. 4
. Usually there Is rush at I
= spring planting time. Farm la 4
= Dor can be used to advantage In
= the fall when work is slack. 4
= Thus crops can be seeded earlier 4
= next spring At the Ohio expert. 4
= ment station a difference Of a 4
= month In time Of planting corn 4
= made difference Of twenty 4
= four bushels In yield as an av.
= erage Of seven years. Further 4
= more, the early planted corn had I
= about 10 per cent less moisture I
= In II.
= Freezing and thawing during I
= the winter make plowed soils 4
. finer. More moisture has been
= found in the spring In soils fall I
= plowed than In unplowed land.
= white grubs. wireworms. cut. =
= worms and corn ear worms live I
= over winter in the ground. Plow- 4
= ing in the fall kills many OF I
= them
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1917-06-06
SOBER THOUGHT ON THE WAR.
- - "a =

The excitement of our entry into the war for
liberty in order that the world might be safe for
democracy has passed away. The exaggerated
patriotism of the man who hammered for war has
surrendered to the officer giving commands to
those who have come out for service.
The people at home owe the soldiers at the
front one thing above all else, that they shall
guard their passions, smother their emotions and
be on their guard lest the intensity of their feel
ings obscure the cause of their nations struggle.
The people at home should not endanger the lives
Of American soldiers in order to appease a long
ing cry for vengeance. They should remember
that they are at home, and that the lists were op-
en- for them to take up the fight, but that they
stayed at home, and were silent, when the call
for men went around.
We have some in training now, we know 9TH
ers dear to us, who will see service should the
war last, and we sorrow at their loss, even though
it be but for a day of their lives. To turn a man
from the peaceful pursuits of life is a fearful
thing ard to train a nation to kill is a thing that
should not be prolonged. We regret that war
has come to our country and we insist that it must
not be needlessly extended in order to enforce
striking victory by either side. This is in line
with President Wilson's idea of peace without vic
tory; in no other way can permanent peace be
found. The world will be made safe for demo-
cracy, not through compulsion, but through ad.
justment, compromise and Cancellation.
~ ID ~ F. ~ Ma
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1917-06-06
- p IA - "a "a N
A LOST
"a IA IA n

German Socialists attending the Stockholm
conference will be heckled by their party conferees
from other lands. They will be asked to explain
a long list of humanity attractions, including the
rape of Belgium.
The idea may have far-reaching results. When
the Germans attending the conference have it
dinned into their ears that the rest of the world
outside Of the central powers-looks with horror
and disdain upon the actions Of their government
in the war, they may go back with tempered
minds. And the reports they make at home may
have a tendency to awaken their people to the true
aspects of the war situation.
AS an opportunity to impress the Germans
with the error of their ways, the Stockholm con-
ference is unexcelled. Possibly it was an error
to prevent Americans from attending the confer
ence; we might have been able to get in a few
words when everybody was listening that would
have done much good for our cause.
-
CAIN on THE WEST 'FRONT.'
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1917-06-06
CALM ON THE WEST FRONT.


After a %precipitous blast on the western bat
tie line. the allies are resting. They captured
ground, swallowed up portions of the Hindenburg
line, but did not capture a half dozen or so "piyo-
tai points"
From the looks of the situation, the Anglo
French are waiting for the arrival of the Amer
Jean army.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1917-06-06
LORD NORTHCLIFFE ON THE u 8.


LORD ORTHCLIFFE ON THE US.
AnAA
Lord Northclffe, British Journalist and empire
watchdog, writes in the Metropolitan for May on
"A Friendly Talk About Your Out-of-Date Gov
ernment," referring to the United States.
Northclif says the British government repre-
sents all classes of the community better than the
American government, and makes some good
points in substantiating his claims.
After mentioning a long list of men prominent
in the British government who arose from the
common people-including Premier EoydlGeorge,
a WEIGH mmon without a college education.
he remarks that the British government can be
ousted by the people at any time if it's policies do
not conform to the will of the majority. In our
country, he points out, an administration has four
years of life, whether its policies conform with
popular approval or not in England-and in the
colonies-it is customary to Ego before the peo-I
ple' on any great issue on which there is serious
agitation.
For instance, when reciprocity between the
United States and Canada was %agitated, the
American congress passed the reciprocity bill,
though it was not certain that the American peo-
pie favored it; and the agricultural population
probably didn't. In Canada, however, the then
Premier Laurier had to put the matter up to a
vote of the people land it lost overwhelmingly
With the vote the Laurier administration went
out of office, and the present Borden ministry took
hold.
AS one editor remarks in commenting on Lord
Northcliffe's remarkable article, THAT we have a
tendency to get away from democratic ideals can
not be denied. Americans seem to have an unde-
Unable respect for aristocracy, especially the aris-
tocracy of wealth. This is reflected in many ways,
especially in newspaper accounts. An example of
it is shown also by the Table of American Multi
Millionaires, run in the New York World Almanac.
The Vanderbilts, Goulds, Astors, Rockefellers,
Mackays, Morgans, Havemeyers, Marshall Fields,
Du Points, Harrimans, Carnegies, Armours, Loril-
lards, Be]monts, Letters, Whitneys and Goelets,
their children grandchildren, etc., are listed in a
more thorough manner than is the royal family
of England"
Americans are justly touchy regarding the
greatness of their governmental system, and are
unwilling to believe that the British is more dem
cratic, despite the good points MADE by North
clife. We should take friendly criticisms to &C
count, however, because of the thinking they en-
gender. With the exception of the four-years
term Of every administration in our country
which is a constitutional provision-the other
criticisms of Northcliffe are based on other than
governmental developments. It remains with the
people and the newspapers to eliminate the snob-
sound and just premise that "a man is a man for
a that" and that "all men are born equal, with
inalienable rights" We'll soon discourage such
spectacles as quoted from the World Almanac.
"a "a - - y - - "a
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1917-06-06
THE GERMAN BIRTHRATE FALLS.
II - - "a

A tremendous decline in the German birthrate
is worrying German sociologists. Before the war
it was higher than in any great power; today
it is on the t~oboggan and gliding fast. The re-
duction in birth is in the neighborhood of 40 per
cent. compared with two years ago.
1t was a German philosopher who said that
the ratio of marriages and births in all nations
depends altogether upon the price of rye or wheat
and other necessities of living.
In Germany, as in other countries engaged in
war, the cost of living has mounted tremendously,
and atop of this war taxes lie with the dead weight
of mountains.
Naturally, the stimulation toward marriage
and births is at a low ebb. Fellows who can scarce
RESCUE ARMENIA.
- 3 p "a
1t is given to the Christian nations of the
world as represented by America and her allies to
rescue the remnant of Armenia from the domina-
ton OF the Turks. This nation should consent to
no peace terms that does not include the independ-
ence of the Armenian kingdom, such independ-
ence being guaranteed by the powers of the
world.
Henry Morganthau, former American ambas-
sador to Turkey, states that 1000, 900 Armenians
have been murdered since the beginning of the
war. Nothing like it has ever been known in the
history of the world. Americans have been wont
to shudder when reading the history of thier
country at the cold-blooded murders and massacres
of the Indians, when the nation was young; how
entire settlements were sometimes wiped out.
But in Armenia the toll of death has reached
a million.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1917-06-06
TEUTONS AGAINST KAISER.

That was a worthwhile association of Amer
lean Teutons formed recently body of men who
work for a German republic.
It is one of the signs of the times. Prominent
men Of Teuto11 extraction in this country back the
movement, which should succeed.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1917-06-06
- - Pa - "a p "a
THE WHITE HOUSE PICKETERS,
- p - p

- = - IA
The suffragettes picketing the White House
are still there. Their action harms their cause
and is distressingly unpatriotic.
When war broke out in England, the British
suffragists abandoned their spectacular campaigns
and went to work to win the war.
The suffragists %picketing the white house, and
the organization responsible for the act, haven't
that much sense.
1t must be said in justice to the cause of wom-
an suffrage that the white house picketers merely
represent a faction, and not the body of women
at work for suffrage as a whole. This irreconcili-
able faction doesn't know the nation is at war, and
the childish tactics are out of place.
M - p "a N H -
SAVING COAL.
p nnA
every pound of coal saved aids that much in
winning the war;" says a government authority.
Well and good. But how about not storing so
much?
Industries all over the land are said to be con-
tracing for their next six months and even years
supply, giving the mine owners justification for
high prices because of the demand
What we need in oal-an in everything else
lis less Of the .buy a big supply now' hysteria.
OUR WAR AIMS.
Our war aims have been questioned. Certain
Journals have demanded specific definition.
The president has answered. We went to war
over the submarine sinkings-and that is pretty
near all that's necessary to say on the subject.
Our aims will be achieved when the govern
ment that inspired these sinkings is definitely de-
feated or sues for peace.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1917-06-06
THE NEED OF HOMES

One of the cities of the country has instituted
a unique campaign having as its solgan, "a thous-
and houses for a thousand homes"
The idea is a brilliant one. 1t signifies that not
only are homes desirable, but that each home
should enjoy a house to itself.
It is one of the problems of American life that
whenever a town grows swiftly, the housing prob
lem developes, and we find two and three families
living under one roof; sometimes, in the case of
apartment houses, we find six and eight.
It would be an ideal community where family
lived in a single house-and owned it. But the
millennium has not yet arrived.
80
Every soldier in Uncle Sans new army will be
a picked man-picked. for special fitness from ten
others who will register ut the same time.
The commonwealth. (Greenwood, Miss.) 1896-1923, 1917-06-06
THE CONSTITUTION AND WAR.
- - - -

Some good lawyers think the constitution of
the United States is suspended in war time;
equally good lawyers think it is not.
There is no sound reason why it should be
suspended. If the constitution is not to hold good
during a national crisis-when it is most needed
it must be conceded that much of the effective
ness of the instrument is lost. For an instrument
that applies when there is nothing going on
and does not apply when trouble is in the all"
necessarily is not fulfilling the true functions of
a basic law.
Senator Borah thinks the constitution holds
good in war time as in peace. Here is how ne puts
it:
"It is a great mistake to suppose that the con-
%stitution is suspended during war time. l think
there is a rather mistaken idea which creeps even
into the senate that the constitution no longer
exists.
Anyone who stops to think a minute can see
how foolish such a theory would be. If the con-
stitution is suspended then there is no further oc-
casion for congress to remain in session.
"The only way the constitution can be suspend
ed is by creation of a dictatorship.
ut is not necessary to assume that the con-
%stitution is suspended in order that the president
may with efficiency conduct a great war. The
constitution provides every power and facility for
efficient prosecuting war.
"Nor is it possible to suspend part of the con-
%stitution and leave other parts in effect. Con-
%stitution guarantees of personal liberty are never
suspended. If any one has any doubt about this
l recommend that they read the case Of Milligan,
an Indiana man, charged with treason during the
Civil War, tried by court-martial and the find
ings approved by President Lincoln.
1.-THE Supreme Court held that civil rights were
not suspended because the country was in a state
of war, and the arguments in favor of suspending
them, based on slowness and inefficiency of other
procedures, are always used to excuse usurpation
of power"
Senator Borah and Senator Johnson have been
the most staunch opponents of an unreasonable
censorship that would prevent legitimate discus
sion of war problems.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1917-04-30
PROMINENT vERGENNES WOMAN.
Mrs. Charles E. Parker Died Suddenly on
Sunday.

Vergennes, April 30-Mrs. Agnes Grip
ley Parker, wife of Captain Charles f.
Parker, and long time prominent resi-
dent of this city, died very suddenly at
an early hour Sunday morning from a
stroke of apoplexy. She was % years
old
Mrs. Parker was born in Rutland. the
daughter of W. Y. and Jane tWarrenl
Ripley. She was sister of the late ia
nous Generals w. Y. W. and E. H. Rip
ley, and Charles Ripley of Rutland and
Mrs. Julia c. r. Dorr, the noted Yer
mont poetess. Mrs. Parker was educated
at Troy Conference academy and at Rip
ley Female college in Poultney. She was
married to Charles L. Parker of this city
in 1866. Mrs Parker was a prominent
member of St. Paul's Episcopal church,
a member of the Woman's auxiliary and
OF the board of missions. She was also
an active member of the Village I'M
provement society.
Besides her husband, Mrs. Parker is
survived by an adopted daughter, Mrs.
Grace Agnes Webb of Worcester, Mass,
two nieces, Mrs. II. r. Dorr of Williams
town, Mass, and Mrs. j. c. Pease of New
York, and a nephew, Thomas Ripley, of
Chicago.
The Barre daily times. (Barre, Vt.) 1897-1959, 1917-04-30
WATERBURY,

News OF the enlistment of Howard, the
son of Rev. and Mrs. Frederick b. kei
logg now of Worcester, Mass, has beer
received He will leave for France foi
work in the ambulance corps,
The Pierians had a most interesting
annual meeting at the home of Mrs. r. q
Lamb Friday afternoon. These officers
for the year ensuing were elected: Pres
ident, w. B. Clark; vice president, Mrs.
@. L. Ayers, recording secretary, Mrs.
A. H. Smith; corresponding secretary,
Mrs. Nelson Vassar; treasurer, Mrs. Ed
win Cooley; treasurer, Mrs. Addie An
derson directors, Mrs. T. G. Lamb, Mrs.
Eleanor Boyce, Mrs James Hattie.
At the annual meeting of Queen Esther
At the annual meeting of Queen Esther
GERS were elected: w p, W. b. Clark;
w. NJ, Mrs. Marion Clark; A. NJ, Mrs.
Annie Gilbert; secretary, Mrs. Bertha
Campbell; treasurer, Mrs. Eleanor Boyce;
conductress, Mrs. Margaret Knowles; as
sociate conductress. Mrs. Lamb. The APP
pointive officers are: Adah, Mrs. Glennie
Atkins; Ruth, Mrs. Margaret Perry;
Esther, Mrs. Ferris; Martha, Miss Eva
Foster; Electa, Mrs. Nellie Morse; chap
lain, Mrs. Alice Smith; warden, Mrs. Car
penter; sentinel, A. H. Smith; pianist,
Miss Lena Wallace.
Wednesday evening in the Congrega-
tional church, the Pierian and Hypatia
clubs will hold public meeting in the
interests of the baby week campaign. DIR.
Ladd of Burlington will be the speaker.
Rev. MWilliam L. Boicourt will show
through the Kaleidoscope the baby pic
lures of many of the club members. The
nusical numbers will consist of organ
and piano duets by Mrs. d. w. Cooley
and Mrs. w. L. Boicourt; cornet solo
by Merton Holmes, and vocal solos by
Mrs. +. c. Lamb and i. w. Magnus.
Tea will be served and social time en-
joyed. 1t is hoped that many may avail
themselves of the pleasure and profit to
be derived from attending this meeting.
Mrs. McAuliffe of Burlington arrived
Saturday and Mr.. and Mrs L. j. Crossey
of Detroit, Mich, came Sunday noon to
the Dillon home.