Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1917-12-26


Cochba wss the sgnaI Tor another dsv-
astation, but in 1S6 Hadrian rebuilt
the city, called 1t Aelia Capitclina. and
generally paganixed II. When the Rc-
man empire eventually became Chris
tian, the Jews acquired the right to
visit Jerusalem annually to lament
over the ruins Of their loved city.
In 8S8 the Church Of the Holy Sep
ulcher was founded. In 1852 Julian at
tempted to rebuild the temple, bat was
prevented.
The next important epoch was
about 40, when the Empress EudociaI
visited Palestine and expended large
gums on the Improvement Of the city.
A church was built above the pool Of
Sloan, and after having completely
disappeared for many centuries II was
recovered by r. J. Bliss when making
his exploration Of Jerusalem.
The empress also erected large
church in honor Of st. Stephen north
Of the Damascus gate. The site Of
this church was discovered In 1874 and
II has since been rebuilt.
In $50 Justinian erected important
buildings. fragments Of which remain
Incorporated with the mosque. but
these and the other Christian build
ings were ruined In about ga by the
destroying King Choeroes II.
Justinian q Builder.
A short breathing space was allowed
the Christians after this storm. and
then the young strength OF Islam swept
over them. In 637 Omar conquered
Jerusalem after four months siege.
Under the comparatively easy rule Of
the Ommiad caiiphs Christians did not
suffer severely. Though excluded
from the temple area, they were free
to use portions Of the Holy Sepuicher.
This, however, could not last under
the fanatical Fatimate caliphs. who
succeeded them, and the suffering of
the Christians then led to that ex-
traordinary series Of invasions COM
monty called the Crusades. The CRU
sade-s were Q semirelfgious and a
semi-military movement. They repre-
scented the passions and ideas Of Eu-
rope In the twelfth and thirteenth GEN.
turies--its chivalry. Its hatred Of Mo-
hammedanism and its desire to pos
sess the spots hallowed By the suffer.
ings of our Lord. Their long continu-
ance shows the intensity Of the senti-
mcn.s which possessed them. During
this period Palestine was harried for
about a hundred years and the INDY
ing tradition 81 which no doubt ~
tarded the FINAL triumph Of Christian
ity over the Arab. In 1247 jerusalem
became subject to Egypt for 30 years
until the Ottoman sultan. Selim /. CON
quered Syria In 1917. and Turkish
possession has continued to the pres
ent day and under rule practically
without history.
singularly Situated.
In 1887 Jerusalem fell to Saladin.
who rebuilt its walls. From 1229 to
l241 the German Christians held Je-
rusalem, but In 1914 q fearful mas
sacre swallowed up the last relics OF
Christian occupation. In 1917 Il was
conquered BY the Sultan Selim I. and
since then It has been q Turkish city.
Selim's successor. Sulelman the Nag
nificent, restored the fortincations.
which since that time have been little
altered.
The situation Of jerusalem - In
several respects singular among the
cities Of Palestine. Its elevation u ~
markable. occasloned not from III BE-
ing on the summit Of ooe Of the nu-
merous hills Of Judea. like most Of
the towns and villages. but because II
Is on the edge Of one Of the highest
tablelands Of the country.
Although to . certain sxtsak the
four hills on which It y built Non,
Aoriah. AGRA and Bezstha-may still
Be distinguished. their actual bound
aries cannot BE- traced. TAe contour
Of these hills has been changed by the
accumulation It debris of past eentu-
ries. Jerusalem h connected wikh IT.