davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
Merchant Ships
Only U-Boat Prey

But in the case OF merchant shipping
the thing is altogether different. Why
is the contrast between the case OF
war vessels and transports and that OF
merchant shipping so great? The
answer is twofold. In the first place,
the bulk Of warships and transports
possess A speed of sixteen knots and
over. and speed is the best of all forms
of protection against the underwater
boat. Next, il has been our first care
and rightly, not only to arm the trans
ports--the warships, of course, are
armed already-but as fac as possible
TO convoy them on their journeys and
TO coniine them 10 routes which apart
from conveys are we'll patrolled. II
is because the Allies sea supplies
cannot be so easily limited as TO routf,
nor be either so completely armed or
so generally protected by conveys, that
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
u. S. Finds German
Plotter Behind
|. W. W. Agitation
Arrest of Won Papen Fol.
lower Expected; Federal
Grand Juries to Act

Washington, July 15.-The govern
ment believes that it has discovered
the motive power behind the recent
/. ". W. agitation in the west. Inc
arrest of a German agent, follower
of Captain Won Papen, Is expected
within few days, and the Federal ON
cials are confident he will be revealed
as the inciter of the industrial disturb
ances as part of a German paid propa-
ganda.
The government expects TO establish
a connection between central lndus-
trial organization in Chicago, whlch Is
said to direct the |. ". W. actlVi'ies
in Arizona. Montana and other western
states, and a former pro-German or
canization which maintained headquar-
ters in the same city.
Attorney General Gregory will be re-
quested by Congress tomorrow 70 as
sembly United States grand Juries at
once in all localities where the |. ". W.
has been active
The plan contemplates assembling
grand juries at Last st. Louis, Doug
las. Ariz.; Columbus. n. NJ; Bisoee'
Ariz.. and at points IN Oregon and
Washington. II is believed that in this
yav a death blow will be struck at the
organization.
The Department of Justice is under
etood 70 have sufficient evidence TO pro-
cood against some Of the leaders under
the espionage act, but has held back
until more definite evidence can be oo-
tained connecting the financial analrs
of the organization with German
agents ,u;;- r,ade
the first move TO have the lnVestiea,
tions started. He said to-day ne mao
;oined with other members OF the SEN
ste in requesting the Attorney uenelp
IN take steps Immediately lot asse"
bling the grand Jurles.
documentary evidence IN possession
ot the Illinois Senator VIII De piaceeSIi at
Tho disposal of the government ms uS
!, is declared. will show the ]. w. W.
acitators were responsible for the not
;pg and bloodshed in East St Louis
Tbis evidence will lead the investlga-
tors 70 other sections of the country.
Other Senators claim to have .e,. cyl
dence not only showing responsioii,lty
or the part of the /. W. W. for strikes
riots and murders, but showing con
rection between the agitators ana a
Powerful group of German propaganSd,
,ets Some Of this evidence ALREADY
has been placed at the disposal oil 'he
Denartment Of Justice.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
By ARTHUR n. POLLEN

they suffer SO much more heavily, and
we must recognize at once that it is
simply not practicable to apply these
principles of protection to merchant
shipping as thoroughly and completely
as they are applied to the others.
There is not a sufficiency of suitable
guns, nor of trained crews to man
them, for every merchant ship to be
armed as it should be armed. There
are not patrollng vessels enough to
guard all possible sea routes, and so
far we have been unequal to the task
Of compelling all merchant shipping TO
confine itself to a few narrowly markeI j
lanes
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
Farmers Urge Food
Control at Once
Grain Growers, in Letter to
Senators, Deplore Delay
in Passing Bill

Washington. July 15.-lmpatience at
the delay in passing the food control
bill was expressed yesterday in letter
sent 10 every member of the Senate by
]. W. Shorthill, secretary Of the Ma
tionsl Council Of Farmers Cooperative
As,ociations, representing more than
400 900 grain farmers scattered
throughout the country.
The national council is composed
Of stste associations Of the ten princi-
pal grain growing states and repre-
,ents more than 1000 farmers and ele-
vator companies. II has recently estao-
lished national headquarters IN wash
ingtOn.
IGrain growers are ready for 1000
control" says Mr. Shorthill IN his let
tor 10 the senate. "Who is afraid 10
place the products Of his labor or his
genius In the hands Of our President
when winning this war makes II neces-
sary7 Who is afraid 70 permit our
government 70 control the product OF
IIs labor or his genius in order that
ruinous speculation in that product
nav be curbsd? Certainly not the
ersin growers Of this country"
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
Named
AS a Compromise,
Belief in London
Will Have Difficult Course
Between Militarists and
Reformers
BY ARTHUR s. DRAPER
tBy Cable TO The rtibuneI

London, July l5.-Though in some
quarters there is tendency to inter-
bret the resignation of Won Bethmann-
IIollweg as victory for the PanGer-
mans, it is generally agreed that Mi
chaelis really represents a compromise
party rather than the extremists Of
either faction.
Whatever his policy and his public
utterances give little clew to it-Mi-
chaelis will have a difficult course to
follow. Should he cooperate with the
Prussian militarists for fight to the
finish, he would have the support of
the Junkers, but he would be opposed
by a group much more powerful than
anything with which Bethmann- Holl-
veg had to contend. Should he take a
middle course, leading to early parlia-
mentary reforms and peace by nego-
tiation, he would have an ever-grow-
ing following.
1t is expected that the Reichstag
will meet at the end of the week and
that some definite declaration of war
aims will come from the Central Pow
ers in the next fortnight.
The fall of Hollweg is anS illustra-
tion OF the difficulty OF statesman
playing the double role of warrior and
peacemaker. He is the last Of the
great pre-war leaders. and he survived
nearly three years Of war because he
rode along with the worlds greatest
military machine. When 1t failed him
and he appreciated the necessity OF
turning toward peace, the forces of
democracy refused to accept him be-
cause of his record
With the majority of the Reichstag
Numerically opposed 10 the Junkers,
and with the majority of the nation
unquestonably earnestly desirous of
peace. international developments in
the Central Powers this summer and
fall will be fully as interesting as
military events.
Though Germany has shown frantic
desire to have the world believe her
political upheaval was due entirely to
domestic reasons, there is no doubt that
the utterances of Wilson, Lloyd George
and Ribot and the events in Russia
prompted it. The statesmen saw the
writing on the wall, and so did the
people. The Austrians read it sooner,
and that added to Germanys embar-
rassment.
The militarists, who firted with
Russia, tempted her and failed, will
probably try their wiles OF Italy and
France. The only thing which will
keep the German people in the war will
be the belief that they are fighting for
elf-preservation, and that neither they
nor the Allies fight in the hope of con-
quest. With the horror OF fourth
winter ahead, political events are like
ly to move with bewildering rapidity
and the statesman 10 become a more
important factor than the general.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
Gsveg;on Liner Lett
American Port on July Z;
Carried 6,OO0-Ton Cargo

Il, Kristiania:jord left an American
wr July : and proceeded TO a Cana
IA pert, where she was passed by the
sdash blockade authorities. She left
he Canadian port Friday afternoon.
Il. vessel carried a general cargo OF
irQ ;oas, mostly provisions.
TFd was received at the local Of
;:a Of the Norwegian American Line
ini 10 Bridge street, last night that
ts Kristisnisfjord had been wrecked
81 the Newfoundland coast in fog.
Il. vessel, in charge Of Captain S. c.
H,irtdshl, carried a crew OF between
e; and 800 men. All passengers were
ai.ly landed. There were ninety-three
he first cabin
De Wolf & Son, agents Of the Nor
vssisn American Line al Halifax, were
's,iisd by the local agent TO send as
'sianes and care for the passengers.
reply was received -tating that the
i.sssngtrs had been lsrded at Portu-
"a Cove and that the Canadian De-
F'tnsn, Of Marine and Fisheries was
s,clng tug % the rescue OF the
easel.
L Sill not be known until to-day
'is;hsr the passengers will be brought
''tf to an American port be placed
another yeSsel bound for Norway.
ne dispatch received here from Cap
a, Hjsrtdahl read a. follows:
Atisiianisfjord went ashore in thick
% seven miles west Of Cape Race.
f'issngers all safely landed. Forward
"a flooded No water in boilers or
''gns room. Expo<d POSITION. Send
siils,sncs."
ne Kristisn.sfjord. a steamship Of
~ tons, vas built az Birkenhesd in
~ she is Of stee. construction and
3 Sl2 feet lono
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
Alliance with Germany
Assailed in Reichsrat
Uproar Caused When Ex-Min-
ister Says Austria Should
Join Entente

Zurich, July Is. The Austrian
Reichsrat was thrown into an uproar
on Saturday. when the former Czech
Minister, Herr Praschek. declared the
hate of the entire world was not di-
rected against Austria. but against Ger
many, and that Austria should detach
herself from her ally. says a Vienna
dispatch.
How are We to obtain peace" de-
manded Herr Prsschek, "if we cling to
the German side? Must we continue
u sacrifice our interests to the expan-
sion Of Germany? Must we continue
TO submit to the German militarism
that has drawn US into this war;"
The speaker declared Czech deputies
had been imprisoned for attempting TO
bring about an allianci of Austria with
Russia and France and added that il
they were 10 be stigmatized as traitors,
tnen all Czeehs who believed similarly
should be so stigmatised.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
r,;,tianiafjord, Boundfrom
American Port to Norway,
Stranded in Fog
u from New York
In the First Cabin
p.,eued Are Taken to St.
John's; Steamer Badly
Damaged

{. Johns. y. F. July 15.-The Nor
,,,i.n.Ameriean Line steamer Kris
'.'i,tiord. a 10,OOO-ton vessel. with
.',..,sers from New York for Nor
=, went on the rocks near Cape Race
/, fog early to-day. The sea was
.,s.rste. and all the passengers num-
ING about goo. were transferred IN
Iii boats 10 the shore without acci-
-, The crew remained on board.
p..,,,,tions were made tonight to
s,l,sr a portion Of the cargo in the
~. tina, the big liner could be foated
4 high tide.
The men passengers boarded a spe-
:, train at Portugal Cove for this
*. while l2O women passengers were
,t,, aboard the coasting steamer
akl,. which was due TO reach here
,,ost midnight.
Messages from the Cape said that the
,5,,iapiafjord was not considered
,,,slsssly damaged, though three OF
y, holds we're full Of water. Several
,unsrs were standing by ready to as
=. in an attempt to pull her of the
sigs
i-oug the frst cabin passengers on
i, Kristianiafjord was Heinrich
Sssgshsusen, a representative OF
c,.r. Won Bernstorff. former German
AMBASSADOR TO the United States.
Ssashsusen was oraered deported by
a. American State Department and
us a,orted aboard me steamer by
us.a Of the department just before
S,ua,d from New \ ORE.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16

icoPyHsh'. 1911. by The TriOua' A'"'iaa'nl
EROM FEBRUARY, 1915, until the
l. present time the Allied navies
have been busy hunting for a method
of defending merchant shipping from
the submarine. They solved the prob
lem of defending ships of war within
very few months after hostilities began.
There were some expensive lessons
necessary before the trick was learned,
but substantially the modern warships
of the world have in three years suf-
fered very little from submarine at
tack.
We have not been less successful! in
protecting transports. At the present
moment we have expedtiohary forces
fighting in East Africa. Salonica. Egypt
and France. In the Mediterranean, in
the Channel and through the Bay OF
Biscay there is a continuous traffic OF
fresh regiments and drafts going out.
and of wounded, convalescent and tired
men coming home. This traffic is IN
a zone made dangerous by submarines.
II has been subject TO attack from the
first day of war, and its casualties have
been singularly small. as at least be-
tween seven and eight million British,
Irish, Australian, Canadian. Indian,
French and Italian troops have been
shipped to and fro across the sea.
Hardly more than one one-thousancth
Of per cent has been lost. Not enc
one-hundredth Of per cent has been
attacked.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
Allies Lack Conveys
To Make Shipping Safe

Then there is the standing difficulty
that a very great number of merchant
shippers are not such exact navigators
as to make keeping to a narrow lane
simple business for them, and the prin-
oiple of defined lanes could not be madc
to apply to neutrals, for it would not
be safe to give to them the information
that can be given 10 belligerent ships.
And. finally, with merchant shipping so
scattered, the Allied nations do not
possess and cannot produce the number
Of patrolling vessels or of conveys that
could make the shipping safe. OF
course. if all shipping coming into
Great Britain, for instance, could be
made TO use one port alone the thing
would be simple, but there is no port in
Great Britain that could handle all the
cargoes. even in the matter of loading
and unloading ships. and if any one
tort could do it the railway service
could not distribute the goods that ar
rive or collect the things that have to
be sent away.
Hence, in dealing with the submarine
menace we have naturally been limited
to a series OF palliative measures.
Some merchant ships are armed, some
can be escorted, some areas can be
made unhealthy for submarines by sur
lace and air patrols. Sometimes the
submarine bases can be attacked by
long distance bombsrdments by moni-
tors and by raids OF aircraft. Whole
areas Of the North Sea have from time
to time been mined so that submarines
could not enter chem, and hence been
compelled to use narrower channels,
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
81 from NeW York in First
Cabin OF KriStianiafjord

'Aisiehes we're received az the Of
y o. The line here yesterday stating
~ passenger aboard the wrecked
,'''gian steamer Kristianisfjord had
80 rescued.
@'ig the first cabin passengers
-. New York were Alexander Benni-
- Aa',i Dalriek, Nrs. Ingrid De Puc,
,'a'rs De Groot, Ragnar Elfyerson,
1-'s Carl Guthormsen, William T.
,''' X. G. Homsn. Anthony J. Jan
'E'9', J. Walter Johnson, Sergey
s.%' Captain and Mrs. Owe Lsnge,
- Ahn' David Lavovltz, Sven G.
.aaft' Miis Ruth Norman, Frank
,'s'slionii, Niss Aimee Roche, Mr..
-, - an Alexander sswitzki and their
E.. E,.,''. Kiss Eugenis, Gregory and
49,, 1esl sklsr. Mr. and Mrs. Henri
s,.., Captain &. ". Storm. W.
~. sehimon Ta1in, Barney Taub,
"A, ~ Der Haas, Nr. and Mrs. J. G..
80. " sispksmp and j. Z. Vsnderberg.
t.z taote from Chicago were Miss
f,s,,S Aff. Oscar J. and Miss Doris
- -, ~. and Ars. Herbert Guettlsr
IN f,, spn, blsiEe A. A. Cuettler.
a, Sfs. y. Z. Echonheyder. Misses
kss,.sn1 Lille SchonheydeT, Karl
y, lesi and George sherman.
~. .Ao NFt. Fritz Bern and, their
~ Nin Eise and Master vii.
l. stfs; Nr Schsahausen and J.
ssz.,, are listed among the pas.
~ ron Warrington.
sry,S S ii,lf1 we're Mrs gen.a Cen.
~, she Nrs Aagot Moller. Of Phils-
iss~t ,fi,s berths Johsnnsn. ~
Lxsf' =. j.; Nr. and Mrs.. John %
iGsc,n Dgnkirk, r. Y; Emil Ro.b.
isst., ,.t.lsn,oals. Long Island; Miss Eisa
sr E.sif, of newport, y. T.. win.
Viz 80, ~ boston; MigbHsnna q
80 Nfs. Nina Wright. Of Cjsys.
tAss,, hsgnuf Schumacher, Of New
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
|. w. w. Blamed for Fire
Oregon Flour Mill Destroyed; ;
Posse Hunts Incendiaries

Klamath Falls. Ore, July l5.-fire
believed to have been of ineendiary
origin carly to-day destroyed the -four
mill of Martin Brothers, together with
n large amount Of Sour and grain. The
loss on the mill alone is estimated at
500 900. Industrial Workers Of the
World agitators we're suspected, ac-
cording 10 the Sheriff.
After the fire the Sheriff. on in
s.ructions from Governor Withycombe,
formed possc Of 200 men and raided
J. W. W. headquarters, arresting thir;
ty-nine men, who ySre lodged IN the
county jail
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
Unusually Big U-Boat
Made Azores Attack
15.Centimetre Shells Fired at
Town-Two or Three
Guns Carried

Paris. July l5.-Advices from Ponta
Delgada. in the Azores, regarding the
recent attack upon that port by Ger
man submarine, declare the shells fired
we're of l5-centimetre calibre. ndicst-
ing that the U-bost was probably OF un-
usual size possibly Of 1000 tons. The
vessel is said to carry two or three
guns
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
3 Americans Wounded at Front

Ottawa, July l5.-The Canadian
casualty list issued tonight contains
the following names OF Americans:
Wounded-r j. Haynes. Presque Isle,
Me; F. c. F ,emsn, Minneapolis; Act
ing Captain uowsn, Providence, R. |.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
Measures Against U-Boats
Only Palliative, Says Pollen
Submarine Must Be Bottled Up or Its Bases
Seized to Eliminate 1t as Vital Factor in War
Three Offensive Methods Outlined

This the second articles the Uboat
Enqand distinguished critic Arthur H. Pollen accepted the
Interpreter For TO the
Mr. Pollen recognized the pioneer scientific naUdt gney
finding devices used By the
of PoUens first article appeared IN Sundays
Trjbup
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
German Torpedo
Supply Weakens
AS Needs Grow
Naval Experts So Explain
Decrease in U-Boat
Sinkings
From The Tribune Buresul

Washington. July 15.-The German
torpedo supply is weakening. accord
ing to a statement issued by the Navy
League to-day, based on the opinions
of naval experts. The increasing fire.
quency with which press dispatches
report merchant ships as successfully
lodging German torpedoes suggests to
the technically trained mind, it is
stated. that the German torpedo is de-
teriorating in speed and hence in ac-
curacy of fire at long range.
At the outset the Germans were ex-
tremely careful to conserve their tor
pedoes. it is said. Merchant ships
were sunk by gunfre wherever posi-
BILE. But the arming of merchant ships
and the constant improvement in the
Allies system of defence against sub
marine attack have driven the subma-
rines under water, and they are now
forced to use torpedoes in almost every
attack. The increase in the number OF
submarines has further added to the
strain upon the German stock OF tor
pedoes.
More Attacks, Fewer Sinkings
An analysis Of reports on submarine
attacks now indicates that this unpre-
cedented expenditure of torpedoes is
beginning to tell on the effectiveness
Of the U-boat warfare. The Germans
are pressing their submarine campaign
with all possible vigor, and the num-
her of attacks on merchant ships ap-
nears 10 be increasing. Also the zone
Of submarine operations is constantly
widening.
Yet this increased fury with which
the U-boat warfare is being waged mas
failed to increase the number Of mer-
chant ships sunk. The Germans appar-
emily are being forced to constantly
creator efforts to maintain their aver
age of sinkings, and even so are slip
ping back slightly.
The explanation of this offered by
certain naval experts is that the Ger
mans are being so pressed for, time IN
the construction of torpedoes that they
can no longer maintain their speed and
tbeir accuracy of fire. 1t is estimated
that the German torpedo has lost near,
iv ten knots in speed from the standard
tornedo used at the outset of the war
II takes normally six months to con-
struct a torpedo.
Materials May Be Lacking
There also is a chance that Germany
is running short OF some material es-
sential in torpedo manufacture.
The U-boat warfare as now beng
waged. it is said, was undoubtedly not
thought out and prepared for by Ger
many before the war. Therefore the
stock of torpedoes was not suificient.
THE deficiency has been made up by IN
creasing the output, but with her tre-
mcndous land operations Germany,
could not have devoted maximum OF
labor or materials to the making OF
torpedoes.
New-York tribune., 1917-07-16
WEATH E r

,. to-day and probably tomorrow.
b,t warmer. Moderate south
vest TO south winds.
Full Report on PaSe 10
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-07
PLANNING BIG SEND-0FF
. FOR COLORED SELECTMEN
Committee IIns Plans Well In Hand
and Awaits Setting of
Dntc,

Determined that the members Of their
r;Ce selected i'm the draft shall receive
n great scnd-or when they leave the
city. the colored branch of the Rich
mond Red Cross is making plans for Il
big celebration and luncheon to be
given the selectmen ut the time Of do
parturc. The War Department has not
yet announced definitely when the COL
ored men Will be called. therefore plans
are being made so that they will fit
the day OF departure. no matter what
day 1t happens to be.
Mayor Ainslie, John Stewart Bryan,
John Mitchell, Jr.. Dr. Roscoe C. Brown.
Maggie l.. Walker. DR.. W. T. Johnson,
DR.. w. II. Stokes. DIR. II. V. Pcyton
and DR.. r. o. johnson have been asked
TO serve on the committee. The ex-
ercises will take place at tho FRS,
Baptist Church colored. at which time
the quartet and choir OF the church
Will render music for the occasion.
Many fraternal organizations have
been asked to serve as an escort OF
honor when the men march to the
church. After the meeting all the
drafted men will be presented with n
souvenir and n luncheon will be served
in the lecture room of the church.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-07
SERMON ON LIBERTY LOAN
Rev. w. f. Thompson, ID. H.. to Preach
Tonight on "Cnn Christianity
Survive the Warf"

Rev. w. T.. Thompson. D. D.. will adj
dress the congregation at Park Place
Methodist Church tonight on the sub
iect, Can Christianity Survive the
World WAR;" illustrating that tho
church must win the world or loose
1t In this war: that division, dissension.
sectarinism may defeat the church. DR.
Thompson's study of the progress and
conditions surrounding the war will In
his address present q most vivid and
thrilling picture. His descriptions of
the war Will awaken his hearers to
the real situation and the effect Of the
war upon christia nifty DIR. Thompson
has been selected by the Liberty loan
campaign committee to make many
addresses o. the war situation during
the campaign. He is regarded as enc
OF the best-informed speakers on the
war situation.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-07
WAR LIBRARY BALL
Entertainment to Be Given ON October
20 FOR Soldiers Library
Fund.

War Library ball to BIO held on tho
night of October 20 in the Grays'
Armory. Mrs. w. w. Sale, tho chair
man OF the ball, has appointed the fol-
lowing subchalrmen to assist her In
making the ball q signal success. Mrs.
-. L. inner. ticket chairman. and
Jesse Clarion Duke, yice-ticket chair
man; Mrs. Sally Nelson Robins, chair
man of publicity; Mrs. John G. Miller,
chairman OF the refreshment commit
tee; Mrs. G. 4. w. Kern, chairman of
decorations. and Mrs. Robert N. Blank
ehship. chairman of the committee
which will decide on tho list or mr.
ronesses.
There will be many distincttvely
military features to the ball. Cover
nor Henry Carter Stuart has purchased
the FIRST ticket and will lend the oc-
caslon the prestige OF his presence
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-07
CLARK PREDICTS NEXT
SESSION WILL BE EXTENDED
[By Associated Press.

tBy Associated Pressl
WASHINGTON, October 6.-The next
session of Congress will be extended,
running possibly into September or
October, Speaker Clark predicted to-
day. but it's total appropriations will
be less than those of the present one.
Unless an arrangement can be made
to eliminate the Christmas holidays.
we will be here until late In the fall"
said the Speaker.
With the initial expenditures for
our national defense met. including the
cost OF cantonments and equippins our
great army, the cost next year will
be lcssened."