davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1917-03-28

London. - Immediate re-eXamina-
ton of all men heretofore rejected
for military service by medical ex-
aminers announced.
Creston, w. Va.-Three men were
burned to death when fire destroyed
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07
Woman Works as Carpenter,
Aiding Husband in Construction of
Bungalow on Little Farm Lot

arc raising potatoes and other vegC
tables on the site are living I'm tents
on their lots. Others have erected
temporary shacks for occupancy
during the gardening season. but
the majority are building perma.
nent residences. many doing the
construction work themselves.
Typical OF this class of construc-
ton Is q five-room bungalow, one
90 the three carpenter purchasers
helms a woman. Mrs. Adrian van
Loo. who with her husband. a Cad
lilac Motor Car company employe,
and Richard Robertson, an employe
Of The Foro Motor company. are
rapidly completing an all-year home
for themselves. Among the small
army daily AZ work on the land are
TWO Burroughs Adding Machine
company employees who have plant
ed an acre 20 potatoes and expect
20 realize enough from their crop TO
complete the first years payment
on the land
About one-third or the lots are
being sold already planted 10 pota-
toes AZ the companys expense.
Each qusrteracre will yield 10 10
100 bushels.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07

% lively interest have been retained
with remarkable hdelity hy Nr poda
The play was hrst produced in the
Garrick, two years ago, with Taylor
Holmes in the title role, n tells
the story ~ the sudden attainment
% self-couhdence and assurance by
Bunker Bean. heretofore ttmid and
retiring clerk Bunker believes IN
relncarnation and dreams that sor'e-
time he might have been an import
ant parsonage He Is capable
stenoErapher and the only one able
20 take dictation from Mr. Breede.
better known a. POPS Bunker also
interest the FlappeT, Mr. Rreede 2
youngest daughter. who begins
Irritation, much n Bunker en-
barrassmenf. Bunker is led into q
scheme ~ = feilow office employa
and a clairvoyant and rs made 90 ha-
lieve AZ one time he was famous
Egyptian king lie paws s5.0a0 FOR
supposed mummy Of him self--a case
stuffed with excelsior BUT it gives
Bunker self-c0uhdence He wears
louder clothes moves 'nt0 an apsr 90
rnfnt and cpltivates the sequs ntance
~ Bud Matthews. Ereat@t left-hand-
- pitcher He also accepts tho Flap
per's attentions and when ne o. dis
charged by Mr. Breede FOR insubor-
dtnation eiopes with Marie.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07

Coming 20 the Miles theater next
week as tho feature % Importance
on a diversified program VIII be the
Four Sensational Bards. America 3
premier gywnAsfs and acrohats.
These sturdy young athletes have as
tonished the show going public on
both continents VITA their remark
able display of skill. strength and
daring. Their feats are said 20 sur
pass anything ever attempted IN
ayn1nastic work and the speed and
case with which they accomplish
fhcir work wins the admiration of
spectators wherever they appear. The
Bards are splendid specimens 20 man
hood and hail from Reading. Pa
They have performed together since
childhood and appeared tn every
4uarter'nf rue globe Second In i'm
portance viii 90 Frank I.aItue and
Elsie Gresham in the new comedy
playlet I'm Wrong said go abound
IN lauEhahlc situations and witty
lines. other acts Programmed In
clude Billy Beard -The Rarfy from
the south with budget ~ new
songs and stories. Gertrude Dudl er
and companr boz singing noveltt
Hays and Wynn. eccentric iesters
and Wordens Educated Birds ri
presmland. screen honors Tor the
week will be divided between Mar
jorie Eambeau in The Dazzling Miss
Davidson and Gail Kane in "The
Upper Crust"
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07

blind Mans f..k IRE thrilling
romantic rhotorAF teatlrIng Noble
King and Earle f1N. which COMES
10 the Madison theatc~ next week
tells the story 80 q hrautlfu' voHnc
Girl irving 20 escape from life mat
has become uuhearahfo ~ho hos rds
"a train bar the police are quick -
follow her far she is wanted as an
acr1r1rffce 10 cr mo Tine train
q wrecked. and out ~ Tho 3ehri. the
desperate Eiri finds young wan
whose wife lies dead among ofhar
unfortunate victims 81 the acrffs ~.
she makes the young man subs t'f
her - his wife ~dtatslf ana iit
wears n happiness follow Then
comes tha shadow ~ The past 'e
brlug her misery 20 the litffe hnr1e-
but fherc's p rqrfsinr twist 20 thf
story and the iuf- arc 1naIiv rewa =
"a while the rcal criminals are place
tn .he band 20 the laN Wifiiar
Riley Hatch Zeffe Ttihnr, sr0 =
enc Chadwick have lwnnrtanf r0.-s
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07
AIEsrIt

"Tnf IIttis EUf scout written hf
t.harf-s carver and featuring Ann
Pennington tho fi-iiv ufivr star 90
49, yfrurrff f-.flies as scheduled
fo~ ere Majestic theater next week
ID Described 1s Del -hrful ard
romantic t14a 10 thc Mexican border
ana New FnEian3 and introduces
~ rrrnut ~ hoF scouts who prove
thpir vaier ara wcrthiaess
3tf-s Pennington nae won w'tesrreaf
rouulartfV AS dancer n1t IN ne
alrrs cs red reca EnifIan in susie
Snn,Vrakas HrJ Tire Rainbow irir-
cess I'm The Little Soy scout she
rfats rhs rnte 10 the rehsliious n ieCe
81 .II " euel alvarez. iving NeX-
tr0 WITH rfs fnmtly near fho 100
.Ctrarde The Ola uncle mlSer
and a tvraut and he attempts o.
force her 10 marry ri- weakling son.
ruArIra has the American love of
lfhs-lv inherited fror her mother
who was from New Erg ard and or
the eve ~ her wedding she steals the
donkey 20 the priest called go per-
form thn ceremony and rides away
That night she stumbled infn uff-
"a states army ear'p where tna ora -
ms NJ her donkey retfavs or. Tire
soldiers help her onward and sh
sofns a troop 90 ncv scouts and ~"
MON ers 90 fhat organization who
were called in % give The correct
.rofcr" - ffe r'eE. hrlu Eer in VIZ
wagEfrz and other SCOUT work the
rrgrano VIII provide many other ilm
features. and e splendid musical pro-
gram including rew songs uy Henry
SanfreN.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07

/With more than so families hAld
homes and culiivatins the land
Royal oak Little Farms suhdi-
rn being marketed by Walter G..
per IL W0odward.ave and the
WelveM ile-rd. and similar activity
3 gardening areas plated for the
u~pose by various other Detroit
cal estate agencies in all sections
rf the city there Is every indica
ion that the intensive farming and
God conservation movement az a
EAR measure will be distinct sue
rss so FAR as Detroit's part In n Is
Concerned
over two.ihirds OF the ROYAL Oak
farms. ranging from one-quartcr-
acre 20 one acre in area, have been
old and The army or the hoe was
increased by Il recruit purchasers
m ROYAL oak and in the Van Dyke
title Farms. at Van Dyke.aye. and
ne Nine Mile-rd.. on July 4 II Is
estimated that within one year
here will be an independent settle
nent OF 1000 families in the VI
unity OF he Royal Oak Little Farms,
and separate incorporation OF the
olony IS being contemplated
A number OF the purchasers who
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07

REM ZieEfeld. one Of Americas fore
most producing mana .ers. after Tea
turing Granville for several seasons
in The FOliies." is 90 star him next
season Ia new musical forganlza-
ton now in progress % formation.
Meanwhile Granville ia filling Few
engagements in vaudeville and VIII
appear as headiiner In the Temple
next week Second feature Of the
bill will be Hugh Herbert IN his lat
est play. The Prediction. assisted
BY n capahl company Herbert will
be favorably remembered for his IN
usually successful play. The sons
OF solomon" He : also an author 81
repute and as delineator OF natural
Hebrew character he - perhaps with
out an equal on the vaudeville stage.
other acts include Clara Howard,
clever musical comedy girl; Pima
and her singing and dancing picka-
ninnieS, Emily Frances Hooper and
Herbert Marbury IA "Fads and Frol-
les" Benny and Woods with q min
utes Of syncopation. George Wilson
and Ben Larsen IN odd bits Nelde
trio IN comic capers. and the Selig
world library via the Mo0reoscope.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07

ORPEErM
Amateur diving contests, hair
dozen vaudeville acts and feature
picture. Dorothy Dalton IN The
Flame OF the Yukon" will be seen
IN the Orpheum theater next week.
Tom Edwards. an original venfrtlo-
oui<t and company will be the
headliner. Edwards stages COM
plate one-act play with his dummies
and Is said TO do IL unusually well.
Marcella Johnson. a pretty and gitted
singer. will be the added attraction:
Miss johnson will OFFER a number OF
exclusive songs written for her by
Lao Edwards. Others on the bill IN
Glide Wells. Noteworthy and Moore.
two men and girl, in a comedy
piano act that includes songs. dances
and a pianologue. the Three Morl
brothers. jugglers. and Tozart. the
vagabond artist. who executes OIL
paintings In rapid fashion. The div
ing contests, exclusively for local
divers, are held at the close OF each
vaudeville show. The drivers are
scored on large Blackboard by a
professional judge who marks them
on each dive and the audience then
makes its own selection OF the win
ners. Because OF the number OF en-
tries there are new contestants for
each performance.
"The Flame OF the Yukon" is the
name OF new play featuring Doro-
thy Dalton. which will be seen on
tho Orpheum screen next week Miss
Dalton appears as sort of Alaskan
Carmen, queen OF the dance hall girls
and known thruout the Yukon coun-
try as the Flame" She Is the trump
card of Black Jack Hovey. proprietor
OF the Midas cafe. the most popular
resort in a lively mining town. One
night n stranger comes 10 the cafe
= nd instead OF trickinR him as Black
Jack orders. she finds herself inter
ested In him and aids him TO make
his way 70 the gold fields. The mans
influence over her is for good and
she decides 10 go straight. There is
. reproduction OF a street IN Nome
the gold rush OF 'ss. whore
realistic fight takes place between
the stranger and Black Jack. Those
in the supporting cast include Mel
bourne Mcdowell who makes his
debut in pictures: Kenneth Harlan,
Margaret Thompson and othsr popu-
lar players.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07
PALACE GAnnENs

Several now features have been
added o. the cabaret hili IN the Pal
ace gardens for next week AmonG
fhe newcomer viii he Hubert Court
ney. tenor. and FranCk Bacon. skater.
BACON at ONE time held the profess
sional roller skating championship
He is SAID - Ne nm expert on tne
rollers and in his Palace gardens
act hn Will introduce dancing Cr
skates Courtney was With thr san
aerS-C awthorne- Brian company ia
the musical comedy 'Syhil last seH-
SON. fit Wtll have the tenor position
in the quartet which VIII feature
Dick Wntftrgs new song, Alabama
Moon Al Nuttlc will present. % N so.
musical acct and walker AMI Hrs~-
iuger VIII erer a now corUir soma
fft. Come Out in INC Kitchen Mar
Ann. A japanese party VIII hn
gwen n the Palais de- banse. We'd
nesday evening
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07
NSItI>GroN

Mary rlckford ~ new war photo
play called Thc Itttle American.
Ni' pee the washington attraction
,eKt week AS Angela Moore. THO
fttie American gfri who celebrates
Iar bIi fdays or tire Fourth ~ July.
81 ss lIrkfArt .lves n character IA
acn that is bound o. make q deem
oppression on an patriotic Amrri-
ans Angela hss two lovers. young
'genchman and 4 hyph enatca German
- the outbreak ~ the war tho
tauus men 20 to the 'front.' Thru a
hahn ~ interesting and surprising
rrumstancrs. Angels travels to w9-
ssted Europe and % thrown nto
fae thiCk ~ the conflict iinw She
frves her loyalty 20 tho American
iag and 20 American prinrtpIee ans
1nfly wins the true and lasting love
trot fss always been the dream ~
~. sWesf lie forms An interest Sag
r.nan drama Miss Pickfora is -up.
rnrtai by lack Holt. Hobart Ros-
worth Fdythe Chapman and lItti.
BEN AloNander shorter films ard
sporiai music have been selected %
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07
DrrpoIr OPERA HorSr.

Twenty Thousand Leagues Under
the Sea. the film spectacle which
comes 20 the Detroit opera htuse
sunday. is woven around Iules
Nerue's masterpiece % imaginative
fiction of the same title Wit1 the
fcor ~ the ocean ss the stage The
storr - Capt Ncuo's conquest of
the terrors ~ hc deer is trr{lftrgiy
told Tho famous Submarine "Nau-
titus Which 80 Years ago was con-
sidered the heiehf ~ iwpn- slnilty
bur which has become reality 10
seen descending 90 Tire bett0rr ~ the
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07

Jefferson. Bohhy Roberts Hena Nivi-
ennc. Mabel clark. Dolly Nnrri-scN.
Connie Fuller and 10 chorus ~ I'D
pretty girls Naudrt fle number
VIII Dee introduced hy Mabel CLARK
kena NiNieune, HARRY Peterson AND
others The addou nftractten viii bc
the Models De Luxe" "a pretentiuus
posing act IN which q numbcr ~ at
net viii be- STAGED with special scrn-
cry and electrical effects
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07
GARRICk.

Ills Matesty. Bunker Bean one
Of the most entertaining u come
dies will DE tho Offering ~ the Bon
STEELE company IN the Garrick theater
next week This play U.s. dramatl-
zation OF the Harry Leon Wilson
novel by Lee Wilson Dodd The
characters which made the story one
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07

Heroic France" the series OF war
pictures which have attracted so
much attention in the Lyctum the
uteF. VIII remain another wrrk The
pictures are being shown under the
auspices ~ the Thirft- nrsf Michigan
infantry Tho picture We're taken
on the western Nighttime front hf
Meri I-aNoN 81 Chararn wha was
sent out hy the American. Relief
Clearlns house. of "Vri-. >nd were
taken undcF great ANTIQUITIES and
danger. They show the Nrat-lfno
trenches. the curtain OF nrc. big
guns lea action, arrnplancs living ~
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07
TEMPLE

Several years ago there appeared
in the Temple a clever young chap
named Bernard Granville. who. as
sisted by his sister. Dorothy. pre-
sented a neat and attractive little act
urder the title OF Lovers Lane.
which consisted OF songs dances and
original patter. Several Detroit
newspaper critics predicted at that
time that some day Bernard Gran
VILE wonid he a star at the head OF
his own company. This prediction ia
new about TO be realized, fer Fle-
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07

Trr added attractions include hand
uI.r.d ufrtUres. the Hearst PRthe
r.. tfN and q new comedy, Ethel
tust- Nfrllor Will sing new program
~ SONGS and the Madison concert
"A. he~tra. under the direction ~ I'd
aara Werner Nil play several new
numbers The popular Harold Jarvis
natfnees viii De held Monday. We'd
b.. .H4t and Friday
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07

accompany the feature picture AMI
Fmmone and Colvin. merry enter
tnincrs. viii offer new selection of
songs.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07

top speed. tho American field hoshi-
tai French attacks Ou the enemy
the surrender of Germans, and other
fnriuiug aud real iucidcnts 81 the
Nar frnncit Mcclure. tenor sings
patriotic foUEr Tho pictures are
shown continuously from "a o'clock
ina tho morning until ll o'clock AZ
mint
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07

The "fHhnshG i3e0rs< win hold
forth on th. Avenue stagr. next week..
Two good summer wra thcr musical
hurlcttas. lin Gny Pnree" ana "By
th. sad Sca Waves. have been chos-
on a. exploit the Varicd tnients o.
the Avenue stock huflosqne company.
There Arfil hr ntW singing and dane
ing nutGhers for tho chorus. and the
PRINCIPALS. tho inttnr including Mabel
Tnlesr Nile LuVcridrc, Mabel Ld-
wa rds. Froddyc Amictt, lain"- Zen
nett. Arthur ClamaAe. waiter NHp
and James Mitchell Tho Nal<a Hula
girls viii uffcr an instrume ntal vocal
aud dancing number william Deme-
trail and George knfs lnaros VIII
NVreftic Tuesday evening
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-07-07

Ma.Insss - NIeh.. sunaays. LIZ. 5e25ca5c
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-06

needed for the navy Immediately. As
soon as accepted they are 20 be
rushed 20 the naval training stations
at Great Lakes. Ill. or Norfolk, Va.
and training there will be intensi-
fed. There is every prospect that
these recruits viii see active service
on fighting vessels on the sea with
in a very short time. The same 8
true in just as high degree OF the
marine corps, the men OF which are
the soldiers OF the sea" and are
found on all big war vessels.
To recruits for the national guard
and the army, the recruiting officers
point % the recommendations of the
president OF an army OF half a mill
lion men. Already national guards
men OF the second Indiana. the first
national guard unit in Indiana 20 be
modified. are being distributed 70
places where guards are 20 be main
tanned. The army may be called
into the most active service immedi-
ately. the recruiting officers say.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-06
RIFLE RANGE OFFERED
st. Joseph Gun Club Will Help Pro
vide Training.
News-Times Special Service :

Times Special Service:
ST. JOSEPH, Mich. April 6.-The
spirit which causes every good
American TO do his bit" in time of
national emergency. has swept this
city of late. The St Joseph Gun
club. at meeting. rendered the use
Of its fine rifle range TO the fourth
division, Michigan Naval Militia, TO
be used .or target practice until
that organization is called TO the
front, also offered the range TO the
high school military company to-
gether with rifles and ammunition
and started a movement 20 organize
home guard company here. The
latter organization will be composed
Of men who for various reasons
would not be called into active ser
vice. but who will protect public
property and help keep order here.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-06
MICHIGAN PASSES
LARGE WAR CREDIT
Bill For S5,000,00O For
State War Fund-GetS
Legislative 0. X.
News Times Special Service:

News Times Special Service:
LANSING. Mich, April with
out a dissent in either house and
with only such amendments as had
been mutually agreed to. the legis-
lature passed the bills in commit
tee of the whole for the Michigan
war fund OF 100000. The bill
will be put on final passage early
next week
The changes made spread the
debt over a period of 20 years and
fix the interest at per cent in
stead Of . per cent and provide that
the bonds issued may be taken up
at any time, at the pleasure Of the
state. 1t is provided that but $780,
600 shall be spread on the tax roll
next year to go toward the sinking
fund. The $765,OO which the state
raised in 1898 for the Spanish
American was all paid back by the
federal government.
Sees Danger i'm Bill.
Sen. KOOhler OF Detroit in com
mittee of the whole made a vain
effort TO block approval of the For
rester-Morford bill TO permit saw
ings banks to invest in foreign
bonds. He argued the danger that
might attend the investment in Sc
curities of nations at war and the
mortal effect citing the narrowness
with which runs on Detroit banks
were averted when depositOrs be-
lieved their institutions were invest
ing in war loans handled by the
Morgan house.
The senate gave final passage to
the bill creating a utilities commits
sion 20 replace the railroad COM
mission after amending il 10 pro-
vide for a commission of four in
stead Of three and fixing their term
at four years instead Of six. The
salary was left at $4,000.
Rep. Hulse's bill requiring pub
LEGATION of reports of village treasur-
ers. Rep Daprato's relative TO con-
struction OF bridges on trunk line
highways and several senate bills
were also passed.
on special order Rep. Ormsbee's
resolution for constitutional
amendment which would permit Of
municipal ownership of telephone
companies was passed by the SEN
ate
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-06
COMPANY OF VETERANS
IN MADISON COUNTY
Volunteers of Former Wars Ready
TO Answer Call-Need Little
Training.
international News Service /:

ANDERSON. Ind, April 6.-A
company OF volunteers composed Of
former soldiers appeared assured in
Madison county, according 10 Byron
Carmichael. who is in charge Of the
organization work connected with
the proposed Madison county ex-sol-
der company. More than 100 reg
ulars attended a meeting for this
purpose. The company, because Of
former training. could be ready for
active war duty within a short time,
IL is believed.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-06
WILL ASK FOR RECOUNT
Friends of Defeated Councilmanic
Candidate Want Ballots Tailed.

BENTON HARBOR. Mich. April
6.--What promises to be a bitter
legal battle was precipitated here
when friends of Albert LandOn. de-
feated candidate for alderman in
the third ward. retained an attorney
and announced that they would de-
mand a recount On the face of the
returns LandOn was defeated by six
votes by Alderman Edward Warner.
recently convicted OF violation of
the local option laws and now
awaiting sentence.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-06
NAVY RECRUITS MAY
SEE ACTION SOON
Indiana's Quota For Navy is
900-WantS Men to An
Swer Call Immediately.
lnternational News Service

International News Service:
INDIANAPOLIS. Ind, April g.
officers in charge OF recruiting In
diana's manhood for the defense OF
the United States asks the aid Of
f1r-seeing citizens in rnbatting the
expressed sentiment OF young mon
thar they viii fight when they see
a fight.
War viii probably mean imme-
date active service for recruits in
the navy" said Lieut.. Clement. in
charge of recruiting in Indiana. in
answering this objection raised By
Young man.
While It is understood that the
navy is in need Of many classes of
nghtins ships which the country
does not have az the present time. il
- also known that many men are
needed 20 man the ships already
ahoat. The need for this class Of
men is most urgent
Eight hundred Indiana men are
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-06
FOOTBALL STAR ARRESTED
Former Illinois University Man Is
Thought To BE Demented.

DANVILLE. H.. April Prank
Eubling Brown. former football star
Of the University Of Illinois and for
several years chemist for a big
steel plant at Youngstown. o., was
arrested here Thursday while Turk
ing about the plant Of the Western
Brick works, the largest industry in
this section. He showed signs of
being mentally affected. Police are
trying 10 learn if Brown had a hand
in hiding a large quantity Of dyna-
mite found in a ravine nearby.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-04-06
STATE INSTITUTIONS
TO BE SELF SUPPORTING
Prisons and RefOrmatOries Have
Plans to Put Many Acres
Under Cultivation.
IrLernatLonaI - serrlce .

INDIANAPOLIS. Ind. April g.
State officials believe that many OF
the state institutions will be self
supporting during the coming year.
The penal institutions. especially,
Will raise huge quantities OF food
stuffs. and every effort will be made
TO increase the production in line
with Gov. Goodrich's statement that
Indiana must do her part in fur
nishing food as well as men during
the war
Supt. Peyton OF the Jacksonville
reformatOry Will have 500 acres
under cultivation this summer. In
addition plans are under way 10
provide the institution with milk
cows and arrange for it 10 raise
hogs.
Warden Fogarty Of the Michigan
City prison has plans for operating a
large farm with several hundred
COnVicts.