davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24
Eggs Decreased Nearly go
Per Cent in Month-Shrink-
age of Other FoodStuffS Is
Also Shown

WASHINGTON. April < Food has
been taken out of cold storage the last
mouth so fast there is little left 20
supply the peoples needs.
A bulletin of the United States de-
parIment of agriculture, Just issued.
shows eggs in cold storage have de-
creased nearly 80 per cent in one month.
A year ago. cold storage warehouses in
the United States contained 34,761 cases
of eggs. containing thirty dozen of eggs
each. Now they hold only 4,759 cases.
On February l. 14S.943 cases of eggs
were in cold storage. A far greater
amount has been taken out this year
than last. Eggs are already coming into
the northern warehouses from the south.
but il is predicted the supply will be
much less this year than last.
Only three out Of ten cold storage
foods show an increase over last year 5
supply They are frozen beef. curled
beef and dry salt pork. The increases
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24
JUDGE ADJOURNS COURT
AND FIGHTS SOLICITOR
Tigner and Fort, of Columbus,
Have Fist Fight Over
Bond Case
Especial Dispatch to The JournalD


COLUMBUS, Ga. April 22.-Judge G.
Y. Tignor and Solicitor T. Hicks Fort.
of the city court here, Saturday en-
gagged in a personal encounter grow
ing out of a dispute in an action OF
the solicitor in settling some bond
cases. The court was in session
when the trouble started, and
the solicitor told the court that
he could not dispute the matter; that
he would be in contempt. The judge
stated that he would adjourn for three
minutes and the matter could then be
discussed
He came from the bench and an
other argument followed. then the
fight began. Superior Court Solic-
itor Frank Mclaughlin and George
c. Palmer parted the two men,
but not before Palmer had met blow
intended for the judge. and McLaush-
lin had stumbled. pulling the judge and
Fort down on top Of him.
The trouble was settled when the
Judge again took the bench and adj
journed the court until next Saturday.
Both men shook hands Judge Tigner
is sixty-odd years of ase.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24
COLD STORAGE FOOD GOING;
LITTLE LEFT FOR PEOPLE

range from to "a per cent. The de-
creases from to 81 per cent.
With the coming of spring there will
be increased supplies of butter, milk
and cheese Mere fresh vegetables VIII
go north from tie south and more shad.
mecEcrei and blue fish east from the
Pacific coast
The report shows also the supply of
beef, pork and other meats is gaining.
People are eating more cheese, the
bulletin reports, as one way to fight the
cost CT living. The decrease in the cold
storage supply has been from 100000
4 year ago to 100000 now.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24

that whipporwill stands first IN seed
production and Brabham first for hay.
while the Iron stands second both for
hay production and for seed. II
would seem that these are three or the
most desirable varieties of cowpeds.
While some or the others have certain
characteristics that make them uesir-
able. there are objections TO a great
many Of them.
The Croft has been grown only Tor
one year but has given good account
Of itself during that time. standing
first i'm 1916 i'm seed production and
second in hay production with yield
Of 1857 bushels OF seed and les tons
OF hay.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24
Stops Tobacco Habit
in One Day
Sanitarium Publishes Free Book Show
ing How Tobacco Habit Can Be
BanIshed in from One to
Eiua naVa at HoYnA.
Five Days at Home.

The Elders Sanitarium, located at Sol
Main street, ST. Joseph. Mo-, has publish
ed a free book showing the deadly effect
of the tobacco habit and how II can De
banished in from one TO five days ut
home.
Men who have used tobacco for more
than fifty years have tried this method
and say IL is entirely successful, and
in addition to banishing the desire 70"
tobacco has improved their health won
derfully. This method banishes the de-
sire for tobacco. no matter whether It
is smoking, chewing. cigarette or snuff
dipping.
AS this book is being distributed free.
any one wanting n copy should send their
name and address at once Advt.)
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24
ALBANY NEGROES HOLD
PATRIOTIC MEETING
snscial Disnatch 10 Tns Iournail

Special Dispatch TO The journal
ALBANY, Ga. April 21.-Albany ne.
groes held q rousing patriotic meeting
last night in Bethel A. NJ. f. church
Several speakers voiced the loyalty OF
the race, and resolutions were adopted
pledging support Of the government in
the war against Germany The meeting
was largely attended and fun Of enthus-
iasm. An OFFER to raise a regiment OF
negro soldiers in this section was made.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24
A Domestic Sacrifice

fort Worth Star-Telegram.l Il
III husband becomes angry on Monday and
tells wife she can't buy a certain thing, the
poor knows she must do without il untih
Tuesday.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24

ed should be adapted to the type of soil
and the nature and character of the
crops to be cultivated. There are sew
eral distinct areas in Georgia as you no
doubt know. IF you are particularly In
terested in securing valuable informa-
tion and advice along the line indicated
ii will pay you to come to Athens and
examine the equipment, and laboratories
OF our agricultural engineering division.
You can there obtain first-class informa-
ton and advice which will be of funda-
mental importance to you if you are not
thoroughly acquainted with the agricul-
tural. climatic and soil conditions pre-
vailing in Georgia.
LINING LAND INTENDED FOR
SUGAR CANE.
R..H. H.. Chipley. Ca. writes: | send
you piece OF litmus paper that used
with my soil which ! expect 10 grow
sugar cane for syrup. Should put lime
. on this land? The land has had cane on
it for five years and made a good crop.
Judging from the piece of litmus pa
per sent us your soil is not acid. We
presume. of course, that you made the
test correctly. On the other hand lime
is considered to be an important con-
stituent for use in association with the
production of sugar cane and as your
land is likely to be low in this material
we do not think it would be Objectionable
TO use from 1000 to 1000 pounds of
ground raw rock containing high per-
centage of calcium carbonate. You
should have no difficulty i'm securing
material of this character. Of course.
sugar cane should be literally fortified
and on soils such as you are cultivating
we suggest that fifty pounds of avail
able nitrogen and thirty-five pounds of
available phosphoric acid be applied.
This would call for an application say
Of approximately 300 pounds of nitrate
Of soda or $50 pounds of sulphate Of
ammonia and 200 pounds of acid phos-
phate per acre. Ordinarily some sui
phate of potash should be used, but this
is so high and difficult to secure at the
present time that we hardly think you
would be justified in applying ii.
The method of fertilization indicated
should prove very beneficial to the crop
and should not affect the color or flavor
of the syrup in any Objectionable man
ner.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24

II you mix together 500 pounds of Is
per cent acid phosphate. coo pounds
Of bone tankage containing per cent
nitrogen and IS per cent phosphoric
acid. and 500 pounds of cotton seed
meal containing els per cent of nitro
gen. % per cent phosphoric acid and :
per cent Of potash. you will obtain a
formula containing approximately SO
per cent nitrogen. 81 per cent phos-
phoric acid. and very small amount
OF potash. This formula, If applied at
the rate OF 500 pounds per acre. should
answer quite well for corn and cotton.
This formula runs higher i'm nitrogen
than that ordinarily used. but we do
not think this will ne objectionable.
We have stated the minimum amount
OF fertilizer which we think should he
applied per acre. IF you have a con-
siderable quantity Of this material on
hand and desire TO practice intensive
cultivation with the hope Of raising
crops considerably above the average.
We suggest the use of 500 pounds per
acre.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24
USING MODERN MACHINERY N
GEORGIA

!. n. :. Atlanta. Ga. writes: I would
like 10 know II the soil Of this state is
adapted to the use Of modern machinery?
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24
FERTILlzlNG, CORN AND coTToi

j. H. e., jefferson. Ca. writes. I have
Ii per ,cur acid. bone tankagc containing
; per cent of nitrogen ana Is per cent Of
phosphoric AID, aud cotton seed meal con-
ts;ning d. Is per cent nitrogen. Part is dark
gray land and the other is red and gray
land and has been run in cotton for many
wears. | am "a new farmer In this country
and would ike to find ont what kind Of
fertilizer % use to make corn and cotton.
I would like 10 know in what proportion 10
mix the lbovc ingrednents.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24

There is no reason why any kind of
modern machinery can not be used to adj
vantage in cultivating land devoted to
agricultural production in Georgia. Farm
tractors cannot. of course. he used in the
rough broken land Of north Georgia as
well as in the southern part of the state,
and this might possibly apply to some
other large types Of farm machinery, but
all modern machinery capable OF being
operated by gas or oil or other fuel. or
ny mules as motive power, can he used
with profit and advantage In Georgia
II handled with = reasona hle degree or
skill. Of course, the machinery select
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24
TREATMENT OF A PARALYZED
MILE

j. h. H.. HalcyOndale. Ca. writes: ]
have a mule that was struck by lightning
about month ago and IL seems to have
paralyzed ! i'm in his spine and hind legs
to such an extent that he can hardly walk
or get up when he is down. He is about
sixteen wears old. ] would like TO have
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24

lf yuu have one acre i'm wheat now
which YOU intend to plant in COW peas
later for FORAGE. YOU might mix with
the COW peas one peck OF millet one
peck Of sorghum to one bushel of the
peas. This is the amount to use If
you propose to seed i'm drills. If you
expect to broadcast it. however. ! would
suggest the use of one and half
bushels of peas to he used with one
peck of millet and one peck Of sorghum
This combination should make you a
very good forage crop.
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24
MAKING HAY FROM COW PEAS AND
MIILET.

'. b., Mt. Airy, Ca. writes: nave an
acre in wheat which ! intend to plant In
rowpeas later for forage. Would like TO
mix German millet and cane seed with the
peas How much Of each kind should
Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, 1917-04-24
POTASH IL WOOp ASHES.

~. G.. C.. Loganvilc TIA. writes: What
pier cent o. oak and hickory ashes Is pot
ash. | wish TO mix l6 per cent acid phoS
phate with them. How much Of this mix
ture should I use per acre third year
new grou d with 10-2 mixture:
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-11-10
ID. 4. c. TO HAVE
GOOD WRESTLING

The first wrestling program OF the
season viii De given ar the n A. C..
tonighr IT $50 IN the gymnasium.
A series 81 wrestling bouts every
Two weeks during the winter is a
part 81 The program Tor members
qf Tho Athletic cluh and their in
vitcd guess T0nights card Is an
pecfaily attractive one. the wind
u0 being between Billie. Demefral
and John Lem Demstral has built
up a big reputation as a first class
wrestler IN Detroit and IS consid-
cred by many 20 be the best OF the
heavy weights under 200 pounds.
The other TWO bouts will see 10 ac-
Ton Johnny Myers. claimant OF the
worlds championship az AS pounds.
and George Pappss. Gene Lawrence
and Eddie Sturn. also welter-
Welghts.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-11-10
With the Minister'S


T r BsiKwiil ana r s Pratt plus
= vs. Bright and W T. bloom
plus &C.
ISL Mecaussy and A G. stel-
wagon. plus ( 8-5.
NJ 2 Battsue and Harry wyma
il r Eoshm and c G. NcNechn.e
minus p 1~t
East and west
- Commons and 81. y Edscu
y 8 German and j r. Prsntis.
s. House and j. n Johnson
J. Koran and Thos watson.
The results ~ The Saturday game
North md south.
Mrs ~ y. Bennett and Th0s Wat.
son. plus 4.
Mr. and Mrs " n Brown. Plus 3.
Atre h - Slick and " u Boehm
hir and Mrs ~. Prenus minus 4.
Mrs. vs. - nattelie and Mrs. r. f.
Eoehu. minus
East and West.
Mrs. ~ steiner and " Ne-
Causey plus
81. p Nies and Mrs a II
Gage. plus
q p Bazlne and Mrs g 8 Lent.
plua
Mrs y 3 Memo ara vs. T. Rioom.
Sc ara o. r. $ German. minus q
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-11-10
MICHIGAN
Confident
Of VICTORY.
Wolverines Can Beat
Red Team, YOSt
Asserts


NNN
"i.h 0tA
~
-N
e,. ,t..
9.''~ '
-e@- ,. ~
to- MS
.''N 20" ,.
.
'
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-11-10
MARTIN MALEY
WINS HIS GAME

Martin Maley, OK Detroit. won his
nrsf match in the State Three-Cush-
ion Billiard league Friday night by
beating George Spears. OF Grand
Rspids. 80 70 80. in = innings Zach
o. the players had . high ruu ~
seven
in The Recreation billiard hall
Miss Clara Haywood the champion
woman billisrdisr defeated HARM
Cline. Of Philadelphia Il was the
eighth straight victory FOR the clever
woman. Miss Haywood had a high
run OF IS and an average Of SIS
Cline defeated ora Mornlngstar ia
three innings. missing the FIRST shot
out running IS and 80 on his Sec
ond and third attempts
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-11-10

The no company had an exhibit
IN 10, noor during tho week and
l,s oatmca was made into cookies
that fairly melted In the mouths of
the lucky ones who sampled them
in making These a. in other sam.
rie- 90 hor arr Mrs Chtse used
uuiE and cream luom the Towa =
Creamery as she did ROYAL Baking
uo1isr She a'd Goa both of these
pfciucts she found a richness mi
un.f0rmits of quality that assisted
Dor ggcalt Ia hcr break making
sho improved fhe quality immca sur
ably hy using Mtydc Broad lm.
proFot product that he found OF
lnrsriWahit value
During the week the General Hak
inE company had an attractive 81
pltr 81 IT'S latest triumph Bond
bread vhah she called composite
laaf since SO contains all lhe b
ideas az several hundl of pr
.fcH's mos expert brcak making
hourewites
The Crystal Electric MauufaetGr
Il company maintained an slfrsc.
uvc Cxhhiuou o{-its electric Waeb.
cr DURING rhc week. nno tr's sx-
tiaif won mo approval ~ many wo-
mon Who were given demon ga-
tiors
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-11-10
When win Peace Come?

Peace can come. whenever tuf.
fcirnt number OF the right kind ~
Germans determine 70 have 81 No
less staunch proAlly than y. s.
Martin makes his statement in no
current Good Housekeeping He
continues
The Germans cannot get peace
by hghfing, the Aliirs arc ZOO
strong They cannot get b. ht The
submarine eTpedient. the ratio of
destruction Is not high enough rgf
they can get II ~ any time bv 70.
pudiafing the governmental sysfem
that got them into thls war and
making terms for themselves
OF course that iE no small Job.
but ~ seems az least 10 DO true that
tho German warmasters have now
two heavy Jobs on fhoir handr-
stand on The Alice on The two great
fronts. and 10 suhduc fhe deeperafe
discomfort ~ Million behind The
German lines No ono doubts that
the bermau sOIliefs can BE- held for
months 40 come 20 face The enemy
on me easi aHd vnei fronts buf 81
rs not so clear Nhaf mluhf haunen
I n they wcrN used f0 qgen internal
reFoiiH oJ fhNir, own altering sami
lies sfainat the continuance 81 ne
war
Thorc arc not so many Germans
: as 'hcre we're three years ago. and
especially no. go many % fghflns
Z ase and weight bui here are plenty
/ enough go kefp ihe war going u
fpcF can aiI Dr. feDt AZ And
4 probably fheT can nuf po.sibiy
I ihny can't and in Thai possibility
ief d hope of peace"
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-11-10
MARKSNIEN WILL
SHOOT IN WEST

VIEW YORK. Nov l0-The Inter
State Trap Shooting association az
its drst annual session here yes.
to-day afternoon decided upon Chi
cago as the place for holding the
grand handicap tournament The
big event VIII BE- held in August at
ihe south Shore Country club r.
was decided not no hold the Pacific
coast. western. southern and east
ern subsidiary tournaments this
year AZ each OF the - state cham.
pionshlp shoots however. a handi-
cap event wil ne added
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-11-10

M provisional government Anf
MS has always heretofore been 3
, strong supporter 81 kcrenshf and
De prV8signal government " o.
h confirmed that the BoisheVih'
iow control o. the coup mtst pave
/ been cieycfly carried out THO lasi
word received regarding Premier
zcrensky WIS that be was snronle
% Moscow. with The expectation OF
establishing the provisional govern
nenf'e capital thera
The suspicion ihat Germany
hand wa8 behind the whole boisht-
giki revolt was strengthened odAy
xitb receipt Of dispatches quuiins
Ickolal i.cnlnes speech before thr
SIRuaslan Council OF Workmen ana
soldiers he proposed q program
afich dovciails exactly wlih ihr
ong continued German peace pfopa-
rauda lonlno presumably spoke-.
man for The new powers installed
a Petroerad. proposed three
months armisuce oi alt Waiflhk
s0Wfr which would carry Def-
MANY thru critical winter
agreed ,a and 4 conference OF iep-
rsentativcs ~ an nations discuss
3ssce fhat conference bias been
-ebpatcdlv urged by the Germans
rho 0nip difference Was thAi ,tnnt
sddpd the BolsheFiki TRIMMINGS oi
suggesting that The conterees Do
'ciected" by the people, rather than
shosen by The government
The eroatest hope held ia bns-
and g. that Lenine and BIS leuJen-
4nts VIII stick fast 10 ,neir deter.
ninaflon 20 work for e general and
1ci 8 separate peace. SO Single
sue Of the Allies viii even think
TOW of joining any Russian faction
x move fer general peace. The
Russian catastrophe has rather
tieeled ovens individual 10 greatest
-eAlixaiion Uf the TASK ahead OF
hem n bringing Germany tc terms.
81 long as Lenine works Tor q gem
sral peace he Is doomed 10 d.sap-
9olntment al any hope TOT support
n England, France, italy or Amer
ca.
Every sort OF conflicting news
,rorn Russia Uttered into London 90
Inv. Gefman-inluenced message
old Of troops along The northern
front Joining the Maximalists and
marching on Petrograd Swiss mes
,ages insisted word there indicated
10 spread OF the revolt except IN
he cities where IL had originated
WASHINGTON. Nov. To- The I'm.
.ering official hope that Kcrensky
.ould re-estabiish the old provisional
government was badly shocked to-
iay by reports that the radicals con
Tol Moscow.
But Russian embassy officials riu
iefuse TO believe the MaXimalisr
solshevik movement will succeed.
ts temporary rise 10 power VIII
mean bIoodshed and counter-revolu-
ions, they declared a political pol
cy built upon theoretical and Ito
,ian principles in the midst 81 his
war cannot permanently endure. ac-
.ording 10 the embassy.
The collapse of Russia. for which
Norwich bulletin., 1917-02-03
Local Laccnics.


 John Barlow of South Kingston has been appointed a member of the eom- mission on birds.
 Local sleuths are trying to figure out just where a car coupling could fit in the safebreaking game.
 Aunt Betsey Cl1anpiin. who is near ing the aetH anniversary Of her birth IS Ill atSher home in Maple avenue
 An act passed Thursday that will prohibit the ioaning of the historic battle flags now in the state capitol,
 Some people wonder how young .fei- lows who work for s6 a week can bet V's at will on a single shot in Kelley pool.
 The Siiverstein Brothers, Morris and Louis. have purchased from William Minchen the two-story frame building in Main street generally known as the krebs place. l Judge John ". Sweeney of Westerly will preside at the session of the su . perior court for Washington county which convenes at West Kingston on Monday. Feb. 1e.
 | A motor driven pumping fire appa ratus of the type to be purchased by the Watch Hill fire district pumped for IS hours without stop at the big fire in Hartford last Tuesday. Mir. Haswell of Westerly introduced ] in the house a resolution of the South County Rod and Gun club gayorine the act authorizing the inland fisheries commission to secure Gerard Springs The nominations by the governor of John L.. Curran of Providence and Dr Edwin R. Lewis of Westerly as mem bars of the inland fisheries commission
Norwich bulletin., 1917-02-03

An unsuccessful attempt was made after closing time Thursday night to blow open the safe in the office of the Gulf Refining company in Pawcatuck. Entrance was effected into the com pany's enclosure by tearing out a sec tion of the fence. Then entrance was forced through the door to the store house and thence into the office. Bag ging and like material found on the premises was placed on the floor in front of the safe for the purpose of deadening the sound, had the, door of the safe been freed from it's fasten- inss by the force of the explosion. The door did not yield, but the knob and the section containing the combination Jock were blown out. It Is believed that the safebreakers became fearful of detection by reason of the sound from the explosion and made their escape without making second attempt to remove the door. The seams of the safe door had been filled with soap, in true expert style, before the match was applied to the fuse that led to the explosive which was not of sufficient force to remove the door. and leave bare the money sought by the intruds the damage to the safe.
 The break was discovered when the office was opened Friday morning. As the sound of the explosion was not nedTO Dy the HdWCdIuCh pdtTOlI1aIl. UT the night men at the railroad station, or electric light station near by, it is believed the explosion was timed to occur while freight train was pass ing, the office being located just at the foot of the railroad embankment. The safebreakers left nothing behind that might lead to their identity ex- cept a railroad car coupling. Soon after the break was discovered a re- port was made to the police authori- tiOs of Pawcatuck.
Norwich bulletin., 1917-02-03
WESTERLY BURGl lARS DISAPPOINTED
Night Visitors to Refining Company's Stockroom Make No
 Haul-Fal Open Safe-Physicians' Association Elects
 Dr. M H. Scanlon Presdent-D. A. R. Chapters
 Washington Delegate-K. of C. Open Meeting Tomor- 2 row.

President William L. Clarke of Ast
 away pres.as4 n<euns of the
 board of managers of the Seventh Day Baptist Missionary society held in the Pawcatuck Seventh Day Baptist church. These members were present: , William L. Clarke, Edwin Shaw, Clay ton A. Burdick, Robert L. Coon, George B: Shaw, John H. Austin, Ira B. Gran
 dall, Ira T.. Cottrell. Harlan P Flakes.
 Charles H. Stanton, James A. Saun- ders, Samuel H. Davis, George Ben jamin Utter, E. Adelbert Witter and A. $. Babcock.
 Rev. Clayton A. Burdiek made re- port for the evangelistic committee.
 During the past quarter Evangelists D. Burdett Coon and Willard D. Burdiek held series. of evangelistic
 meetings in West Virginia: with the church at Berea, called the Ritchie Milton, called the Middle Island church, and the church at Lost Creek Mir. Burdiek said: While their efforts
 did not result in large additions to the churches, yet the spirit of earnest Christian service was enlxindled and the people of these communities have been greatly helped and encouraged 1 in the ways of spiritual living" At i the beginning of the present year Rev. Jesse H. Hutchins entered into evan
 gelistic work with Rev. Mir. Coon, and they are now holding meetings at West Edmonsen, \. I.
 Corresponding Secretary Edwin Shaw reported for the Fisher fund committee. who have authority te manage the income of the fund, be- tween meetings of the board, that Christmas gifts of $25 each had been given to ,four, aged ministers, Rev.
 Samuel R. Wheeler Madison Harry,
 Andrew J. Potter and C, W. Threckeld. There is a balance in the income &C., count of S247.9o.
 Rev George H. Hills reported a
 group Of people in Berkeley. Cal. who