davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19
ROAD GRADE
Stability of Entertainments Is of
Great Importance.
CAREFUL SCRUTINY IS URGED
To Prevent Damage by Shrinkage Ma
teriaI Used Must Be Free From
Vegetable Matter and Uni
formIy Compacted.

| prepared by the United States Depart-
| ment of Agriculture)
One of the most important consid-
| erations, connected with the grading of
an earth road is the stability of the
embankments. Where a road is stu
| ated in a cat and is well drained. il is
not likely to be affected seriously by
| such agencies as shrinkage, settlement,
and slipping, any one of which may in
| Jure or destroy road situated on
| poorly constructed embankment. In
grading road, therefore, the methods
employed in building the entertainments
are deserving of much more careful
scrutiny than those employed in max
ing excavations.
To prevent road over an embank-
ment from being damaged by shrink
age of the material forming the en-
bankment, the material must be free
from vegetable matter and uniformly
cOmpacted as it is deposited. Where
the road surface is to be of earth, the
embankment usually may be compact
ed sufficiently to prevent injury from
shrinkage by spreading the material in
relatively thin horizontal layers and |
letting each layer be compacted by the |
grading teams as the succeeding LAYER |
is being spread. Layers of ordinary |
earth, not more than u inches thick. /
can be compacted fairly well in this
way, provided that the grading teams
are made to travel over the entire sur
face of each layer and that the mate
rial is spread uniformly. Where the
road surface is TO be of some highly
improved type, each layer of the en-
bankment should be rolled thoroughly
with a power roller weighing not less
than about ten tons.
Settlement of entertainments. aside
from that due to shrinkage, may be !
caused by the gradual flattening of the
slopes or by lack Of stability of the
ground surface over which the embank-
ment is constructed. The question of (
ground surface stability usually does /
not arise as a grading problem except
where an embankment is being con- S
structed over very marshy land. If
proper precautions are not observed. !
he embankment material may be alb q
sorbed gradually by the marsh until '
he entire roadbed has disappeared. an S
which is not infreQuent. a
Where drainage of the marsh is i'm q
the lower portion of the o
which would come in con-
act with the marsh water. should be a
Ormed of some nonslaking material
hat will cement together and dis c
ribute the weight of the embankment
yer the entire bottom area. Some
arieties of gravelly clay are excel
snt for this purpose. Where the
larshy matter is very soft and deep, u
may be necessary to lay a wide 10
bed Of logs, or fascines, ei
pom which to construct the embank- In
lent, but such a foundation bed would CT
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19
JOHNSON

Wilmer Barrows enters the U, V. M.
this fall.
S. R. Miller pass ed last Wednesday n
Burlington.
Richard Nye has entered the School of
Technology IN Boston.
DR.. Prentiss and family were in Bur-
lington last week Tuesday.
Miss Marjorie tombstone went to her
school in Danville Saturday.
Libby Lewis of Barton recently visited
her mother, Mrs. Sarah Lewis.
Vernon Ober is making extensive re-
pairs to the interior of his house.
Mr.. Cobb's father and mother from
Stowe visited him the first of the week.
The Misses Dorothy Mears and Marjorie
ODER were home from their schools over
Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. W. M. Smith and daugh-
ter of Cambridge were in town last We'd
nesday of last week.
Mrs. George Atwell is in the Fanny
Allen Hospital for an operation. Mr.
Atwell went Saturday to see her.
Mrs. Wallace Holmes and daughter and
niece, Miss May Fullipgton, of Burling-
ton, are guests at Homer Kneeand's.
Mrs. Harry Newton and sou, Mahlon,
returned the first of the week from pass
ing several days at her home in Georgia.
Joseph Muzzy has greatly improved
the grounds about the town house build
ing, for which he should have special
mention.
Edward Fitzgerald has sold his inter-
est in lumber camp at Searsburg and
returned Saturday night with his family
to Johnson.
Miss Bessie Bacon Goodrich, principal
of the Normal school, returned from her
home in Michigan Saturday. School will
open Sept. 25.
Mrs. George Homer of Hyde Park has !
been guest of her daughter, Mrs. Henry |
Morey, and Mrs. Morey returned with |
her to Hyde Park Saturday.
Rev. W. Fl. Gould, pastor of the Fed
Grated church in Cambridge, was in
johnson Wednesday, calling on friends.
He was pastor of the Methodist church
here three years ago.
The marriage of Miss Helen Elizabeth
Rutter of Burlington. member of the
high school faculty last year, to DR.. T.
Lawrence Hills of Moscow, Idado, &C.
CURED at her home on North Prospect
street Tuesday evening of last week.
johnson friends extend congratulations.
The travelling public will greatly APP
preciate the improvements which are
being made in the road at the bend of
the Lamoille river, west of the village.
The curve at each approach is being
Strengthened by blasting out the pro-
.ruding lodges, the road widened by sew
'ral feet and stone embankment built
IN the river side.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19
Explained.

"Dad," said the
youn G e.s t and
most inquisitive,
what is a flesh
reducerW
"The butcher is
the most consist
ent," explained
his dad. HE is
able to reduce the
quarters worth
a little each day."
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19
SOME SMILES
Second Choice.

UNDERSTAND
your son intends
to devote his life
to art"
"Well, he did
intend to, but
when l made it
very plain to him
that l had no in
tention Of devot-
ing any of my
m o n y t o t h e
cause, he gave it
up and decided to
go into the insur-
ance business.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19

Initiate nature in hen Matching.
Either make the nest in bOttomless
box on the ground or put an over
turned sod in the bottom of the nest.
This assists the hen in controlling
evaporation from the egg.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19
Tie New Way.

"Aren't you ashamed to let your
wife run you out the house trying to
beat your
"On the contrary, have her at my
mercy by executing a strategic re-
treat which has foiled all her plan of
action"
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19

strips of pimentos and shredded al
mondS.
Frozen Cheese SaIad.-Beat a
cheese with a fourth of a cupful of
cream, season with paprika, salt and
a teaspoonful Of worcestershire sauce.
Put in a small pail and pack in ice
and salt for four hours. Serve, cut in
small squares on lettuce leaves with
French dressing.
Venison Steak.-Lay the steak in a
mixture of two tablespoonfuls of oil,
one of vinegar, salt pepper and a dash
tof cayenne. Let it lay in this an hour,
turning often, then broil over Goals, or
pan broil in very hot, lightly creased
frying pan.
Cranberry Ice.-Wash a quart of
cranberries. Cook in a pint of water
five or six minutes. Strain through a
lcheesecloth, add a pint of sugar and
cook until the sugar is dissolved, stir
ring well. When cool add the Juice of
two lemons and freeze to a mush.
Serve with the turkey.
Chicken Fritters.-Put pieces of cold
roast chicken in a French dressing,
adding tablespoonful of grated onion;
let it stand an hour, drain and dip in
a fritter batter and fry in deep fat.
Serve hot with celery salad.
Pears With onions.-Drain and heat
a can Of pears, cook small onions I'M
til tender, then cut in halves and lay
In dish the cut side down, pour over
the peas which have been seasoned
land dressed with a thin cream sauce.
Lettuce and Roquefort Salad.-Ar-
range head lettuce on plates and
sprinkle over bits of roquefort, a third |
lof cup to a small head Of lettuce.
Rub a bowl with the cut side Of a
Glove Of garlic, add a half teaspOOnful !
each Of salt and paprika, then four ia
.blespoonfuls of chill sauce; mix thor |
.oughly and beat I'm a half cupful Of /
olive oil, and two tablespOOnfuls Of /
vinegar. Pour over the lettuce and /
cheese and serve well chilled.
NuAa MleknseoI
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19
Not Woman's Friend.

Sunlight is great thing"
"It's no friend to woman"
"Why not?"
"See what it does to her complexion,
and besides, they do say it's chemical
effect disintegrates the backing of
mirrors in a comparatively short
time"
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19
AVOID FEED WHILE MILKING
Operation Can Be Performed More
Comfortably IL Cows Are Not
Trying 20 Devour Feed.

Cows will stand more quietly and
the milking can be done more COM
fortably if the COWS are not trying 10
eat while they are being MIXED. Feed
ing at milking time may also add dust
and other impurities TO the milk.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19
Strange Happening.

81 saw a man with a crowd around
him, go up to another man and de-
liberately knife him without a single
ones interfering"
"Was he a Black HanderT
"No; he was a surgeon"
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19
High Cost of Wives.

"Don't you love me any more, Her
bert? ~ asked his wife, in tears, after
he had made a few caustic remarks
about the dressmaker's bill.
Eyes, indeed" answered the bank
that was usually broke. "You are very
dear to me-"
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19
Strange.

Hicks-When I came out of church
Sunday found my horse tight asleep
In the shed.
Wicks-Why, he couldn't hear the
sermon out there, couldshe?
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19

Yards sowed to oats furnish hens
and chicks material that can be sup
piled in no other way than by green
food in some form. Later, rape or
buckwheat can be used to advantage.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19
Tie KITCHEN
.GBLNETG z

When hearts are light and spirits gay
You almost hear the table say:
l'"These people give me hearty cheer,
I'm very glad they're round me here
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19
The Reason.

whenever there is any trouble GO
ing on, people want to make me the
goat"
"Then why don't you stop butting
INF"
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19


not obviate the necessity for using a
nonslaking material in the lower por-
ton of the embankment.
Where entertainments are constructed
on very sloping ground, or where old
embellishments are to be widened, there
always is tendency FOR the new mate
rial to slip along the plane of separa-
ton. In such cases the old surface
should be rOughened before the new
material is deposited. Where the old
| surface is earth, it usually can be
roughened sufficiently by blowing a
series of rather deep burrows about
two feet apart. Old rock surfaces or
dinarily are fairly rough TO begin with,
but to prevent slipping it may be neces-
sary in some cases to blast steps into
such surfaces before depositing en-
bankment material.
No matter how the grading of an
earth road may be accomplished it
usually is economical to bring the road
surface to its final shape by means of
grading machine. In making exca-
vations it is not generally considered
practicable to form the crown and side
bitches with scrapers or hand tools
alone, ana the cross section is, there
fore, frequently left approximately fat.
The grading machine is then used. in
the manner already described, to pro-
duce the required cross section.
After the road has been finished with
the grading machine, it should be given
frequent attention until the embank-
ments have finished settling and the
surface has become thoroughly COM
pacted by the action of traffic. Usually
a period Of several months should
elapse after a road is graded before it
Is considered complete, and such settle
ments and irregularities as develop
during this period should be corrected
by the use Of either a grading machine
or a road drag.
Construction Costs.
Aside from drainage structures. the
item of cost attached to the
construction of an earth road is for the
grading. The cost of grading varies
greatly, according to the condition of
he weather, the nature of the material
o be excavated, the efficiency Of labor,
cams and machinery, etc, and seldom
an be estimated I'm advance with any
'reat degree Of accuracy. On this ac-
cunt average costs based on past ex-
erlence may be very misleading when
pplied to particular project.
The first step in estimating the cost
1 grading given road is to ascertain
he quantities Of work to be done. After
he quantities have been determined
he cost may be estimated in either Of
No ways. First the organization for
lrrying on the work may be planned
detail and the estimate arrived at
considering the cost of maintaining
lch an organization. together with the
tie at which it may reasonably be ex-
acted to accomplish the work. Sec
I'D, the cost per cubic yard for exca-
luon and the cost per mile for
laping the roadway may be estimated
fat rates. The first method is the
ost accurate. though the latter is the
lie employed most frequently.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19

49, @t|fA - - ~ Na'Ss
Pear Salad
Cut ripe pears or
drained ca nm e d
ones in eighths, re-
moving the seeds
and place on let
tuce; pour over a
French dressing
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19

Most people either raise twice as
many chickens as they should or pro-
vide half enough brooding equipment.
Plan your equipment for the worst
weather that can be expected.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19
sEASoNABLE GOOD THINGS.

Here are a few delectable dishes
worth trying, they are sure to suit the
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19

Kill the louise. A piece of blue ONT
ment the size of kernel of wheat
rubbed into the skin just beneath the
vent will do it.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19

potatoes on such land the following
season. Allow chickens the run Of
fields when plOwed.
When small grubs are abundant in
the spring, seed such land to small
grain or clover. Do not plant corn or
widerow crop in such land. Put corn,
potatoes, field beans, etc, on ground
which has been clearly cultivated the
preceding year. Pasture hogs on in
tested ground and give chickens the
run of fields when blowing and cult
waiting.
When large grubs are abundant in
the fall or spring, pillow infested land
about October 1. Delay planting until
the fifteenth or twentieth Of May, or
a little later if practicable. Ground
containing large grubs in spring should
be plowed as soon after July is as
practicable, as indicated below. Pas
ture hogs in infested fields wherever
practicable.
When beetles or pupae are in the
ground in summer, pillow thoroughly so
as to break clods, any time after July
IS; the sooner after that date the
better. Pasture hogs in infested fields.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19

Long, pointed, short, round, thin, or
thick shelled eggs should not be used
for Matching purposes.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1917-09-19
POULTRY NOTES

A good incubator insures early
matches.
Chilled chicks are apt to have
diarrhea.
The pullet Matched early in the year
is the one which will lay next winter.
The small coal stove brooder which
will accommodate 300 chicks is good
investment.
Little chicks should be kept dry.
Don't turn the hen loose too early in
the morning.
If incubators are used, remember
that it is just as important to have
a good brOoder.
Long, pointed, short, round, thin, or
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1917-03-06

of health, acting with DR.. A. A.
O'NeiI, president of the Chicago
Medical society, appointed a commit
tee of medical experts to study this
whole question of the physical health
of school children and to devise ways
and means by which better cO-Opera-
ton could be secured with the par,
ents of the children in a work that
means so much for the children's
physical health and well being. It
would seem, Mr.. Citizen, that you
should get behind a movement of
this kind; that you should be deeply
interested in it and willing to help
the commissioner of health and the
medical profession of Chicago to
conserve in every way known to
modern medical science the health Of
the school children of Chicago.
What will you do about it?-Chi-
cago Health Department.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1917-03-06
CONCERNING

CONCERNING OFFICE EN-
PLOYES.-"One of the Thousand
State Street Girls'' suggests that
department store employees be organ
lied. Not only should these people
be organized, but also the 101 other
different groups of Unorganized
workers, among them the $4,000 Of
fee employees in Chicago. Almost
every day we hear or read of the diff
ferent labor UniOns-janitOTs, street
car men, garment workers, mine
workers, and many others too nu-
merous to mention-but very little or
nothing is said about organizing the
Office employees.
Are the working conditions of Of
fee employees so satisfactory that it
is unnecessary for them to organize
and demand something better, and
are their wages pardon me, sal-,'
aries) enough to keep them well
above the starvation line? In my
opinion they are not like other work
ers, they are emplOited by the ruling
class.
The Office workers in Chicago re-
ceive on the average a lower wage
than any other group of workers in
the city, with the exception of the
garment workers, the department
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1917-03-06
THE PUBLIC FORUM


you today, if you are not too busy.
Did you know that the health dept
physicians during 1916 made 191, 225
physical examinations Of school chill
dren. Of these, 1O1, 237 were found
with defects of various kinds; and Of
this number, 88,O14 were advised to
seek medical treatment. This means
that a note was sent to the parents
appTising them of their children's
conditions and urging that they con-
suit their family physicians.
Also did you know, Mr.. Citizen,
that among the defects found there
were 11,793 children with defective
eyesight and that 2,191 were found
with other diseases of the eye, max
ing a total of 1884 children whose
eyes needed expert case and atten-
ton.
Eyesight is a most precious thing,
Mr.. Citizen. It means everything to
man, woman or child who is able to
see perfectly.
Then, it may interest you, Mr. Citi-
zen, to know that 21,690 children
were found with diseased glands;
1,643 were found with diseased ton
sils; 14,263 with adenoids, and 663
with defective hearing, caused by
diseased ears.
Now, Mr.. Citizen, the pathetic
thing about this little story we want
to tell you today is that while the
health department has done its work,
We'll say inteIligently and cOnscien-
tiOusly, yet the parents of these chill
dren that were found suffering from
these ailments noted did not respond
to the advice and warning given to
have them corrected; in fact, the per-
centage of corrections secured was
so small as to amount almost to
nothing. All this is very discourag-
ing, Mr.. Citizen. What do you think
about it? Is there not some way
+bof Won MIGHT holm fO oct hotter 70
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1917-09-06
Brush College.

Alva Baker threshed for David
Hubbard and Ben Lille Monday.
Mrs. Charley Campbell spent
Monday at Mike GrifIin's.
e. j. Evans and daughter Hattie
We're Leon visitors Saturday.
Jim Still and family were Sunday
visitors at the Clyde Waller home.
Ralph Frost and wife spent Sun
day at John Hubbard's.
Nell Still and wife spent Monday
afternoon at David Hubbard's.
Mrs. Willie Rumley spent Thurs
day with her mother, Mrs. Jane Lii
lie
jim Still and family are enjoying
a new Ford car.
MIS-. David Hubbard and daugh-
ters Annie and Beulah,were Sunday
visitors at John Hubbard's.
Mrs. David Robson spent Satur-
day at Willie Moore's.
Mrs. Cecil Hullinger and Miss
Fern Moore spent Thursday with
Mrs. David Robson.
Herbert Hubbard spent Sunday at
John Hubbard's.
Ode Vanderpool and family We're
Sunday visitors at Gill Vanderpools.
Mrs. David Hubbard spent We'd
nesday and Thursday with Mrs. Ode
Vanderpool.
Steve Latta and family spent last
Thursday at David Robison's.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1917-09-06
Welcome Ridge.

Threshing is the order of the day.
Several from this vicinity attend
ed the Chautauqua at Decatur City
Monday night.
Mrs. George Hale assisted her
daughter, Mrs. Fred Tenny cook for
threshers Wednesday.
Loren Stephens, Forest Stanley,
Miss Susan Bedell and Mrs. J. w.
Stephens were Decatur callers Tues
day.
Forest Rauch was seen in this
vicinity Tuesday.
Mrs. George McHarness and sis
ter Nora spent Tuesday afternoon
with Mrs. Ida Gravatt.
Several from this vicinity attend
ed the show in Leon Wednesday,.
Ellen Gravatt called on Miss Car
RE and Miss Nora Stephens Thurs
day.
Laura Buckingham spent few
days with her aunt, Mrs. Clifford
Lloyd.
1 Loren Stephens left Friday for
FIT. Madison where he expects to en-
ter high school.
/ Miss Iva Stephens returned home
Saturday evening from Millsap,s
where she had been helping Mrs. G.
f. Millsap with her household duties
the past week.
The Leon reporter. (Leon, Iowa) 1887-1930, 1917-09-06
Notice of Special School Election.

Public notice is hereby given that
q special election of the Independent
School District of Van Vert, No. 2,
Long Creek township, Decatur coum~
ty, Iowa, will be held on the 2}th day
of September, 1917, within the said
Independent school district at the Of
flee of NJ. F. Thompson, in Van Vert,
Decatur county, Iowa, from one
o'clock p. M, until O'Clock p. m,
and at said election there will be
submitted to the voters of said inde-
pendent school district to be by them
voted upon the following proposition:
'Shall the Independent School Dis
trict of Van Vert, No. 2, Long Creek
township, Decatur county, Iowa, is
sue bonds in the sum OF Twenty
Thousand Dollars $50, 000.00) for
the purpose Of constructing and
equipping new school house,"
At which time and place all the
voters of said Independent School
District are hereby notified to APP
pear.
This notice is given by order of
the board of directors pursuant to a
sufficient petition with the requisite
signatures in accordance with sec
ton 2S20-d / ct seq, Of the Supple
ment to the Code of Iowa, 1913.