davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1917-02-11

ence for deep azure, whereupon an
anxious beau hurried away on Valen-
tine day to obtain for her the best pos
Sible to be purchased. He chose one
with a bright blue ground heavily
lined with gold and trimmed with
white. At one side there is the figure
Of a demure maid casting coouettish
glances at an admirer far away on the
other side of the valentine. He. poor
chap, can do nothing because of the
Cupid who occupies the center of the
scene and merrily shoots arrows. one
of which has transfixed the wooer.
Cupid is mounted on a charger that is
startlingly like a donkey. Whether or
not there be any particular signifi-
canoe in this one is left to guess Above
the Cupid are two hearts of gold fond
~ united. A gorgeous touch is added
to the lower edge of the valentine by
the usual floral Offering of highly coll
ored blossoms.
An exceptionally graceful love token
and white The bright yellow serves
as a background for q dense thicket Of
white paper trees, which appear to be
swaying before the gentle strength of
some straying zephyr. The whole ef-
feet is quaint and charming and shows
great delicacy and accuracy of work
manship. At the edge of this glimpse
of lacy, leafy forest the figures of high
spirited ladies can be discerned in COM
pany with two plump, contented ap-
bearing Cupids. Each Cupid swings
placidly on q wreath of white posies
placed against a splash of vivid red. a
further contrast being effected by
placing the entire piece against a light
green ground which in turn rests on
the dominant yellow.
Exactly. in the center of this ornate
valentine is a dash of lively colors-
picture. hats and mixture of cornuco-
pia filled to overlooking with flowers
No valentine Of those days was perfect
Iy complete without It's bouquet of
recklessly. variegated buds and bios
SONS. Beneath the canary colored slip
of paper a verse lies hidden. expressing
itself with becoming modesty and pro-
priety.
Some jolly old gentleman certainly
specialized in hearts, if one can judge
his tastes at all by valentine he Sc
lected. OF course every self-respecting
valentine can boast of one heart and is
Evening star., 1917-02-11

world than that which comes from
Ohio, which ranks first among the
states east of the Mississippi in the
number of sheep owned, having more
than 100000 Michigan is second with
nearly 1000, 900. Missouri, Iowa, Ken
lucky and Indiana each have over
million.
sheep in Texas are often sheared
twice q year. and the short woods SO
obtained are the best we have for the
manufacture of felting. AS in Ohio. the
sheep are mostly of Merino blood: Car
pets are made of the coarse WOODS that
are grown in such countries as India
and Turkey.
"Combing woods. used in the manu-
facture of worsted, cost from 10 .
cents a pound more than clothing
woods. In making worsted. the longer
fibers are placed parallel in the yarn.
The short, broken and tangled hbers
are taken out and are known as nolls
and woolens. Your coat, for example,
was woven OF noliS. .
How many pounds of wool does 1t
take to make suit of mems clothes?
An answer would have to take into ac-
count the weight of the cloth in the
suit. There are about one and thlrd
pounds of secured wool in a pound of
Cloth. and cloth goes to the tailor in
three weights-twelve ounces. to the
yard for summer suitings. ffteen
ounces for spring and fall sultlngs ana
eighteen ounces for winter sultlngs.
"A
half yards. So there are two and hVe-
eighths pounds of cloth in a spring
suit and about four pounds in winter
suit The wool content approximately
would be three and a third pounds and
five and a third pounds OF course,
precise figures cannot be given. Rough
ly speaking a winter suit represents
the wool from one sheep.
'Rut the production of wool does NOT.
in these days. constitute the whole OF
the sheep industry. as it did formerly.
Wool and meat is now a hfty-h1ty
proposition. The price of beef and
pork could be stabilized were the sup
ply of mutton larger. We need sheep
for both clothing and food. A change
in our land policy in the grazing states
of the west as have said, Will IN
crease our ranch herds.
sheep in the thirty farm 1,;thdes states
can be increased $50 per cent without
displacing other live stock. II that
were done, about 33.7oo.O00 head would
be added to the present farm hocks:
Probably the most logical method or
bringing about that result would pe the
protection of sheep against the attacks
of dogs"
Copyright 1917. by James B. Morrow
Evening star., 1917-02-11
THE BROMlNEs INDUSTRY


~ NE of the American industries
IL u which has been greatly stimulat-
ed by the war is that which has
to do with the production of bromine
and the various promides. Bromine is
indispensable in photography, usually
in the form of bromide of silver, and
it is employed in the forms of bromide
of potash, bromide of soda, bromide of
ammonia and other bromides in the
treatment of many of the ills of flesh.
Before the war much of the bromine
and the bromides We're produced in Ger
many. One of the great world centers
for the production OF bromine was the
salt deposits at Stassfurt, Saxony.
quantities before the war and is now
coming in much greater quantities from
certain districts in Michigan. Ohio,
Pennsylvania and West Virginia.
Bromine is associated with the salt
industry in the United States. being
found in connection with other things
in the salt wells. 1t exists in minute
quantities in sea water, in some salt
springs, in the ashes of marine plants
and in animals and is usually extracted
from "bittern." Bittern is the sirupy
residue from evaporated salt water aft
er the common salt has been removed.
1t is used in the preparation of EPSON
salt and Glauber's salt and in addition
to bromine bittern contains chloride of
and iodine.
Bromine takes its name from the
Greek word "bromos." meaning e fetid
odor, and those who are familiar with
the use of bromine and some of the
bromtdes appreciate the appropriate
ness of the name.
1t is styled "non-metallic element"
and was discovered or first isolated by
Evening star., 1917-02-11

a chemist named J. A. Ballard, who OBJ
tanned ii from salts In the waters of the
Mediterranean sea. 1t is said that its
chemical properties resemble those of
chlorine and iodine. and ii is usually
found in association with them.
Bromine at common temperatures is a
dark reddish liquid having a power
full and suffocating odor and emitting a
red vapor.
Soon after the outbreak of the war
the Photographic trade of the United
States became seriously embarrassed,
and was threatened with a famine in
bromine. The use of the bromides was
even restricted in medicine, ard alto
gether the outlook was gloomy. The
American bromine industry had not
been very prosperous in competition
with the German output. and some of
the best salt wells for the production
of bromine about Pomeroy. Ohio. and
Mason City. w. Va. remained idle for
years
With the German supply cut OF and
higher prices, American bromine
makers started up in earnest, and the
American demand is now being met
with native bromine and homemade
bromides. In the years 1905 and 1907,
inclusive, the annual output of Ameri-
can bromine was about $50 tons an
nually. In 1910 the production fell to
12e tons. and curing the years 1911 to
1914, the average annual output in
creased to 306 tons. There is no doubt
now that the production of bro
mine in the United States is the heavi-
est in the history of the country Be
for the war not only was bromine
itself imported. but the importation of
the bromides was especially heavy, and
in addition to all this nearly a million
dollars worth of Photographic papers
"sensitized" with bromide of silver
were imported This paper Is now
being produced and coated in the
United States and is proving satisfac-
tory. 1t is believed that thede- is
small likelihood that the American
bromine industry will be extirguished
on the return OF peace.
Evening star., 1917-02-11
1nHE Riggs National Bank boasts !

nm HE Riggs National Bank boasts a
long line of important national
and international characters with
whom it has enjoyed pleasant and per-
haps profitable business relations, but
in it's clientele there was none more il
lustrious than Abraham Lincoln.
Mr. Lincoln was q careful, methodical
man, although frequently casting aside
all rules, even military necessities, in
the performance of an act of mercy.
Having acquired, in the strict school of
experience and under the tutelage of
necessity, habits of economy, he re-
tanned them even when his affairs were
much brighter and full OF promise. He
is said to have paid by check" as one of
his most regular habits, and to have
frequently used some characteristic of
the person receiving his check, as a
further means of Identification. as his
signature was plain andreadily copied.
Thus it was that the check to the
"order of a colored man with one Leg
paid out for some odd job. was ulti-
mately paid out of the pocket of some
teller of the Riggs National and pre-
served as souvenir, never having been
charged TO the account OF "A. Lincoln.
Judge David Davis, a member of the
Supreme Court of the United States,
was the executor of Abraham Lincoln.
He received from the Riggs National
Bank a statement of Mr.. Lincoln's ac-
count and receipted in full for the bal
ance, but left all Cancelled checks in
the possession of the bank.
Thus it was that years after, when
Robert Lincoln, eldest son of the great
President, called on Charles Glover.
now president of the Riggs National
Bank, and in the course of conversa-
ton expressed regret that his father
had left so very, few personal memen
toes, he was made happy by being given
a large batch of Cancelled checks. and
he expressed the keenest satisfaction at
his find.
One of the first checks he looked at
was one for $500 to the order of a Vir-
Rinia horseman. and Robert Lincoln
told Mr. Glover that that check was for
the horse which the young Lincoln rode
when Lee surrendered at AppomattoX.
Lincoln, Grant, Hayes. Cleveland. Har-
rison, Roosevelt and Taft all kept their
personal accounts at the Riggs Ma
tionaI during their terms of office. Many
great generals, admirals and diplomats
have been among the depositors.
Mr.. Glover recalls. the popularity of
Evening star., 1917-02-11

finest blooded stock, are much higher.
Hercules, a Merino ram, brought SIS, 500.
Other rams have found buyers at $1,000.
$4,000 and $4,000. The owners of a
stud flock sold $260,000 worth of rams
in year. At Sydney, 26S Merino rams
brought an average price of $437 and
$500 of a much poorer grade were sold
at an average of s3S. The prices paid
for breeding stock show that sheep are
profitable in Australia.
They can be made profitable in the
United States. but our attitude of mind
and some of our practices must be
changed. 1t is difficult to talk about
sheep and wool without taking sides in
politics. / can do SO, however. Whether
protected wool or free wool is better for
this country. i will leave to others for
argument and decision, IL the latter
event Is possible.
The trouble, often think, lies not
so much in the governmental policy
that may be adopted as in the almost
constant agitation of the subject I'm
certainty has hurt the sheep industry.
Farmers have grown weary, l might
say. of watching for laws on the way
to the pages of the statute book. There
fore thousands of them in the past
transferred their activities from sheep
to swine or some of the other animals
that are not in politics.
There are still immense sheep ranches
Evening star., 1917-02-11

writer. "On the farms having sheep
there is an approximate average OF
one sheep of shearing age to three
acres of land.
The 300.00O,000 pounds of wool year
ly needed from abroad should be OBJ
tanned from 50,000,000 sheep, and that
number could be added to our stock if
one sheep were kept for each three
acres on fourth of the farms that
do not keep sheep at present"
Here. then, is a solution of the prob
lem of how to spend 800, 100000 in the
United States. instead of in foreign
countries, and, possibly, of lowering the
prices of mutton and clothing. First of
all, however, the working out of the
problem impinges against the practical
inquiry. DO sheep pay?"
Recently, in Utah. Mr.. Marshall said
on this point, II saw rams sold at $1,000
apiece. Prices in Australia, for the
Evening star., 1917-02-11
az JAMES B. MORROW.
AMB CHOPS in Washington,


q AMB CHOPS in Washington, and
Ill in most other cities, are 35 or 40
. cents a pound-loin at the lower
- price and rib at the higher. Only
the middle class eats them, chops at
such figures being out of the reach of
the poor and entirely too dear for the
rich. Mutton is as luxurious as turkeys
used to be.
Lambs from farms, east or west, are
selling at from Sc to 81 wholesale.
Range lambs. smaller ad, leaner. are
quoted at IS. Ewes are scarce at SO
not for food. but for breeding purposes.
Wool has gone up SO per cent during
the past two years. Following it close
" has been clothing for men. Blan-
kets. yarns and so forth have not dilly-
dallied behind. The race. SO far. be-
tween sheep. lambs and wool has been
nip and tuck. and the ultimate con-
sumer'' wonderingly watches it.
Is the war to blame for this crime
against what might have been? Other
paragraphs In the complaint, if written
out. would strike nearer home. Amer
leans have not been smart in respect to
their fiocks- Again, the country has
weak spot in its collective head for
worthless dogs. small matter. you
say, and outside the sober precincts of
economic thought. Sixty-eight thou
sand sheep bitten or harried to death
in twelve months, however, is a large
and censurabIe item of national waste.
Totaled in 1t must be the loss-and it
Is great-incurred by reason of the
farmers disgust with dogs and sheep
and his determination, long ago
reached. to turn his acres and his hand
TO something else.
Anyway, summed up in whole, the
United States is growing only one-half
OF the wool II conSumes-purchasi
the other half in South America. South
Africa. India and Australia. A hun.
dred million Of its gold dollars are paid
to ship owners and flock masters in
foreign lands.
Specialists declare that Great Britain
controls-that is, grows or sells-two-
thirds of the clothing wools produced
throughout the world. Yankee boast
Ing" as 1t is termed in certain quarters
of the globe. should meekly lower it's
voice and lengthen its face under the
impact of the foregoing facts.
What can be done? Frederick r. Mar
shall. expert in sheep and goats, is try
husbandman" In the Department of
Agriculture. Born on a farm. educated
in agriculture, a teacher in western
universities and skilled Investigator,
he has travelled to Australia and New
Zealand and has examined farms and
ranches in this country so as to ac-
quaint himself thoroughly with the
sheep industry here and abroad.
Cooperating with Mr.. Marshall is
group of Philadelphia manufacturers,
who are calling in letters. circulars
and pamphlets for more sheep and
more wool" And William NJ. Wood,
president of the American Wooden Com
pany, is saying that sheep can be
grown again III large numbers on the
abandoned pastures of New England
and other eastern states" Pulling Wig
orously at one of the ropes that ring
the bell OF national alarm, Mr.. Wood
is warning his countrymen.
only one in seven American farms,
the area OF which is over twenty acres,
now has sheep" Mr.. Marshall told the
Evening star., 1917-02-11

girls. st. Francis of Sales is cited as
having been exceptionally bitter in his
opposition.
Among the earliest known writer's of
amorous verse appropriate for the day
was certain Charles, Duke of Orleans.
During his career he was incarcerated
and spent his time while in prison
writing captivating little ditties for
valentines. Both Chaucer and Shake
speare allude to the day as the one on
which the gay feathered tribe choose
their mates.
A sunny young miss of past centuries
iotted down Impressions and observa-
Evening star., 1917-02-11

during the month of February, and
continued a number of days. The Ro-
mans feasted and re3oiced in honor of
the god Pan and the goddess Juno.
One st. Valentine game in which they
indulged permitted the writing of the
names of lovers on bits of paper.
These pieces of paper were put into a
box and later drawn out in pairs. The
fun which resulted not infrequently
terminated seriously. But it Is said
that the early Christian fathers object
ed strongly to this pretty pagan Gus
tom, and insisted on substituting the
names of saints for those of boys and
Evening star., 1917-02-11

tions on her own account concerning
st. Valentine. She secured FIVE bay
leaves on Valentines eve and when she
retired pinned four of them to the -four
corners of her pillow and the fifth to
the center. Should she dream of her
sweetheart, she would feel sure that
their nuptial vows would be spoken
before the year had closed. In order to
further a good cause the young lads
determined to give the plan every en-
couragement. Consequently she boiled
an egg ten minutes. Very carefully she
opened it and removed the yolk and
packed the hollow with salt After the
Evening star., 1917-02-11

courageous damsel was in bed she de-
voured the egg-shell and all. How
parched her throat was with thirst
can well be imagined, but to drink a
drop of water would have broken The
spell. So the maiden denied her agony
and smothered her onging and leaves
one to wonder if her wish came true.
As the years treoped by, much of the
elaborate ceremony was dropped. Grad
ually the customary fair passed away,
and Valentine day was regarded as
merely the one day in the year on
which it was courteous to express with
delicate politeness ones devotion. Such
a profession of affection never lacked
dignity, though it listed the lady's
charms freely and boldly begged for a
sign to encourage languishing hope.
Evening star., 1917-02-11

hearts admirers an opportunity to
make her the recipient Of dafntfer or
more touching valentine than his. A
second. which bears his signature. has
a place beside the first. Though smaller.
it is even more elaborate. edged with
scallops and touched both outside and
inside of a. deep white margin with a
light but firm brush. which left in its
wake a trail of scarlet. The marginal
design is of foliage fashioned cum
ningly from white paper. A curious
conventional pattern of dots was
Evening star., 1917-02-11

entitled to two, but it has been limited
that they overreach themselves when
they force corner on hearts. This
particular valentine is not over three
that dimension the other, but crowds
more hearts in this space than any of
its larger companions. blue paper
heart beneath a lacy white medallion
claims recognition Immediately. Two
spotlessly white doves are billing and
cooling above this heart, which they ap-
parently protect. 1t is companioned by
two lacy white hearts, each of which
is tipped by a radiant shade of laven-
der. Ferns trail and twine gracefully
from heart to heart and are interviewer
with foliage along the top margin. A
gold branch. which evidently acts the
part of a seal, waves benignantly above
the generous heart of true blue.
There is a distinctly modern air about
one of Uncle Sans valentines loaned
by an exquisitely dainty strip of blue
paper tatting which serves as an edg-
ing. The valentine is made of blue and
silver paper and scattering of silver
roses frame an old-fashioned landscape.
In the immediate foreground of the pic
ture one spies a nosegay of prim little
flowers, mere remote are the bright
green poplarS, to the right of which
Il clear blue lake basks TRANQUILITY under
valentine sun. In the distance for
est kings tower majestically, and the
white sail of a. gayly painted yacht On
one edge Of this valentine, dropped
quite as if by accident, is an irregu-
larly shaped piece of yellow paper on
which is neatly printed. Loves token"
Among other oddities of this old-fash-
pink which looks SO decidedly like u
star fish that one questions the sig
nificance of that fish's possible relation
to valentines.
Evening star., 1917-02-11

particular valentine reminds one of a
design for a book-plate appropriate
for a gentleman of versatile tastes
rather than for q simple maiden dream
ing of the tender passion. The gist Of
its message narrows to small wreath
of roses and forget-me- -nots. encircling
these words, Loves young dream"
II *
One Of those bellies of other days
must have expressed strong prefer
Evening star., 1917-02-11

S. P. Lee, a civil war COM
who had the habit of being ex-
plicit with every check. Each check
drawn always contained the explana-
ton of it's issue, for shoes purchased"
or for services rendered to pe by the
Evening star., 1917-02-11

This bit Of rupture was dated Febru-
airy IA, 1s44. and bears the signature
of one Charles Anthon, LII. d. This
man evidently secured the services of a
professional scribe--though doubtless
he composed the verse-as evinced by
the marked difference between the ex-
tremely fine. yet legible writing of the
scrib and the sprawling illegibility of
Mr.. Anthon's caligraphy. \ note, quite
apart from the valentine, explains:
Charles Anthon. who was an American
classical scholar living in New York
city.
There is evidence that he was an ar
dent and patient suitor, and that he
proposed to give no other of his sweet
Evening star., 1917-02-11
ncle Sans Museum Collection Of Old Valentines

And ye pearl rows that peep from the red lips
between,
And that soft dmpled cheek with the hue of the
rose.
goes.
Oh could but think that you soon would be
mine,
I'd send Marion each morning sweet valentine.
Evening star., 1917-02-11

Mysterious and secretive looking, in
deed, is the valentine with real flaps SO
evidently conceaIing an amorous ap-
peal. The elaborate exterior of gold
and white lace instantly suggests st.
Valentine. A peep beneath the lifted
flaps discloses the sweet face of an old
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-06-19
POSTAL CLERKS
GET wage RAISE

Postoffice employees throughout the
territory who now receive not more
than $1,000 a year are expected to
benefit by the new federal law pro-
viding for increases in pay of all gov
eminent employees after July l..
Although Postmaster D. H. Mac
Adams said this morning he has not
yet received any notification from the
postoffice department at Washington
relative to increased pay for postal
employees in the islands, he had the
following to say:
The last postal act, which I brought
with me from Washington, and which
provides for the budget of the coming
fiscal year July I, 1917, to June 80,
1919, calls for increased compensa-
ton of postoffice employees. Those
who receive $3.50 salary or less a year
will be raised Is per cent, while en-
ployes getting not less than $3.50 or
more than $1,000 a year get a 10 per
cent increase"
The postmaster says there are a
number of men in the loo | office who
now get from $500 to 5000 a year, who
should benefit by the act, which does
not specify that employees shall be un-
der civil service.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-06-19
LOSES RANK AND PAY
FOR FRENCH LEAVE

Reduction to the grade of private
and forfeiture Of two-thirds of his
monthly pay for six months is the SEN
'tence that has been imposed upon
Sgt. Edmund Lintereur, Battery B,
9th Field Artillery, tried before q, gen.
Heral courtmartial on charges of having
violated the 61st and Goth Articles OF
War. -. ~ : -.
The sentence, though inadequate,
is approved and will be duly execut.
ed" is the comment of the command
ing general in the printed order re-
garding the trial.
Charges against Lintereur were that
he had left his post without proper
authority, absenting himself from the
evening Of May II to the morning of
May IA, this year, and that also while
on duty as sergeant Of the guard he
had abandoned the guard. He plead
ed guilty to both charges.