davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23

Who will win tho battle OF life OF
death : Other things being equal-he
strongest men survive and that is Why
our army surgeons are carefulto pick out
the men with good lung expansion, keen
eyes and good kidneys. In every care
fol examination for life insurance the
water is tested to be sure there Is no
kidney o.. bladder disease, because q
large percentage Of our people suffer
from these troubles.
When the kidneys sre weak or dis
eased, these natural filters do mot cleanse
the blood sufficiently, and the poisona
sre carried to ell parts Of the body.
There follow depression, aches and
pains, heaviness, drowsnsss, irritable
ity, headaches, chilliness and rheuma-
tism. In some people there are sharp
pains in the baef and oins, distressing
bladder disorders and sometimes obsti-
nate dropsy. Tho uric acid sometimes
forms into gravel or kidney stones.
When the uric acid affects the tissues,
muscles and joints, II causes lumbago,
rheumatism, govt OF sciatica.. This d
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23
Easy to. Make This
Pine Cough Remedy
nsnsands q families swear ~ ~
peoDpt results. I~nexpsaSiveb
and saves obSut e.


You know that pine is used IN nearly
oil PRESCRIPTIONS and remedies !, for
coughs. The reason 10 that pine contains
several peculiar elemente that have 2
remarkable effect in soothing and heal:
chest. Pine is famous for this purpose:
pine and syrup. The Syrup part d us
Nothing better, but why buy Il? You can
easily make IL yourself in Ave minutes.
To make the best pine cough remedy
that money car buy, put ~ ounces
Of Pinex 100 cents WORTH In . pint
bottle, and all up with homemade glpar
syrup. This gives you . full. pint-more
than you IAN buy 1cady-made for $3.50.
IT j. pure. rood and very pleesant-
children take # eagerly.
You can feel this take hold Of . cough
or cold ina way that means business.
The cough may be dry, hoaSse and tight.
Or may BE- peyeistently loose from the
formation Of phlegm. The Gauss ID the
eene-in1amed membranes-and this
f-usually IA ~ hours Of less. Splendid,
to-, for bronchial asthma, boaSDeaGGa.
o. any ordinary throat ailn,snk
Pfnex 10 . hiGhly eonee1tra4ed can.
pound Of aenuine Norway pine extSast,,
and 10 femous the world over for Il
Bs.s.s q S1bstitutes. Ak your drug.
iRiDot fer s251tounceg % Pfne1sk With az.
Ieotione, ard don't accept anything
elee: Guslaateed q Rivs abtsolute satis
ls:sa9 F,s e Eea9E REe.s:ly sffsadea.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23
LECTURE ON 4
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE AT
FIRST CHURCH TONIGHT

First Church of Christ, Scientist
Grand Forks. N. D., announces a
Paul Stark Seeley. c. S.. of Portland,
Oregan. member Of the Christian Sci
ence Board Of Lectureship of the
Mother Church, The First Church Of
Christ, Scientist, Boston. Massachu.
sets on Tuesday evening, October %
1917, at $3.50 o'clock, in The Christian
Science church. corner of Belmont
and Fourth n You and your
friends VI cordially invited to bt
present.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23

Many times Of late I have been
moved to question if the women of
our country are really responding to
the call war has sent out to them in
as full a spirit as they should, or if
they are not doing as little as they
can and get away with it. 1t is so
much easier to shirk than to do and
so much easier to let someone else do
q task than to do it ourselves. -
Bet said a oma to me, not
long ago, 'let the ones who wanted
this war, fight it."
In the rear yard Of the place where
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23

may say. Then give your loan in
service. Get out and urge someone
who has, to loosen up their purse
strings. In the name Of all those out
ragged sisters across the water, get out
and work. And if you cannot do
either of the above. then see to it
that you put no opposition in the way
of the movement. Buy a Liberty
Loan bond either directly or Indirect
lY and back Uncle Sam.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23

Shout Liberty Bonds and Victory,
but do not forget the boys somewhere
in France will be without smokes, no
matter how much is subscribed for
Liberty Bonds.
The Herald Smokes Fund Grows
steadily and interests every man,
woman and child who has a friendin
khaki.
A J. Hutchins of Lakota sends in
a fine list Of contributions totaling
$39.40 and says: II am sorry it is not
double this amount"
That's tho shirt Win iS novt1
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23

he had picked up a fountain pen in
one of the German dugouts. A few
hours later he sat down to write a
letter home. When he unscrewed the
cap Of the pen It exploded, tearing
away his face"
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23
Build. Concrete
Boats 10 Save Timber

Regarding the use Of concrete In
the Construction OF vessels, much has
been said and . little accomplished In
this oeuAhy during ths past SeN
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23
DAKOTA COWBOY
JOINED NAVY TO
"RIDE" THE KAISER

From range rider to fireman, third
class, United States navy, is the latest
chapter in the rec of Robert Sher-
man Mcconnell, Emerson, N. D., cow
boy, who enlisted at the Minneapolis
naval recruiting station yesterday and
is o at Great Lakes, III.
Appearing at the recruiting Office,
Mcconnell wore long rowelled spurs,
a yard wide sombrero, decorated with
a swarm of little American flags, and
carried a lariat.
What va going to do with the
roundup apparel when you get into
the navy?" Chief Quartermaster A..
A. Michaelson asked him.
ride. the kaiser, I guess, II I get
the chance" said the range rider.
He was enlisted without more ado.
when he gets the kaiser to ride I
pity that guy who has been convicted,
Of H~ohenzollern in the first degree"
Michaelson remarked. Mcconnell
weighed 1s1 in his birthday suit"
BRITISH CASUALTIES.
London. Oct. 23.-British casualties
reported during the week ended today
A-A- 4 ~ a s.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23

Matters Concerned With
Forensics at University
Fol. Year Discussed.

The first meeting for the year 1917
10 Of the oratorical board. whose
duty it is to arrange all matters con-
cerned with forensics at the university
was held Monday evening. The board
is organized of one representative
from each of the four literary sooie-
ties. two faculty members appointed
by the president. and two alumni
members elected by Delta Sigma Rho.
The student members Ire VALDEZ
mar Lilo representing the A. D.. T.
Literary society: Gjems Fraser Of Ad
Altiora. John Grinnell of Hesperia,
and Walter Belyea Of the Adelphi.
The following officers of the orator.
icAl board were elected: President,
Waldemar Lilo; secretary. Walter
Belyea.
It was decided that the two mixed
societies would oppose each other in
tho f~ntersociety debates and likewise
the two mems societies.
It was determined by lot that the
order OF the uy-out contests in de-
for-an; ta)., Adelphi-A. D.. T.: t3),
Hesperia-Ad Altiora. This series will
come the first week in December.
The matter Of a question for the
intercollegiate debate with South Da-
kota, and also for the free-for-all will
be decided at the meeting. Mon
day. the 10th. In the meantime a
committee for the investigation Of
prospective questions was appointed,
consisting Of Prof. j. A. Taylor. Mr..
Fraser and Mr.. Grinnell.
The arrangement of other ~intercol-
Iegiate debates is under consideration.
An unaccustomed interest seems to
be manifested this yea and promises
to be a successful form of entertain
ment for. a large number looking for
extra-curricular activities.
Married Last Night-Mrs. Abbie
McCray and VIM. NJ. Stewart were
married last night at 8 O'clock at
Grace Methodist church. Rev. c. D.
Locklin. pastor of the church, per-
forming the ceremony. Mr.. and Mrs.
Wagner. the brides son-in-law. and
daughter from Devils Lake, were
among the guests at the wedding, and
at the supper which followed at he
home of Mr.. Stewart, 403 Cedar ave-
nue..
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23

Jno. johnson, Minneapolis =. :.
Harry Nyktor, Finland, MINI. :.
Clark Rebel, Arbela, Mo. $50. ::
Jno. Carney, Chicago 100000. {.
Waller Mclaughlin, Philips.
WIS. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. :.
]. R. Patneaud, Belcourt, N. d. :!
Alec Gunvime, St. John .... ::
BAIL Belgard, Belcourt ...... :.
Philip Houle, Belbourt 5000. :.
Alex Better. Belcourt ....... ::
Ben Wharton Jamesport, Mo. :.
E. Whitney, Fargo .......... :.
j. H. Penney, Rolla, N. d. 90. :.
Hans Friss, Rolla, N. D. ..... E.
w. j. Munro, Rolla, N. D. 80. 81
H. D. Woodward, Rolla, N. D. :.
A. T. Sumner, Rolla, N. D. 80. :.
E. M. Sankey, Boissevain, Man. :.
F. w. Brooks, Egland, N. D.. L.
H. c. Hanson, Churchs Ferry,
Jno. Mandelion. Iron Belt.
Tom Leppe, Iron Belt, wis. :. {.
Jno. Peterson, Weaver, N. D. . 4.
Albert Peterson, Weaver. N. D. /.
David Clark, Carbonate, o. =. {.
Clinton Meyer, Zero, N. D. =. {.
Henry Keough, Garske, n. D. {.
Joe Mcdonald, Hurdsffeld, N.
d. /.
W. n. Schauf, Butte, Mont. i.
Marlin Landro, Drygla, MINI. {.
Otto Palke, Egland, N. D. 80. !.
Lars Sundfer, Bisbee, N. D. =. {.
Jno. dwell, Casselton. N. D.. &.
Edw. Lush, Chicago ......... .
Arthur Berg. Chicago .......
Eueene Couture. st. John, Nd.
re. o. Frank, Mhxbass .... /.
Previously acknowledged ...l, 727:
- " ~ N1nA
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23
oaas Comfy needs ooal.

Fargo. N. D.. Oct. 22.-Thers are
seven thousand five hundred families
in Cas4 county who will require at
least one ton Of hard coal within the
next month. and there : only five
hundred tons available In bins Of To-
cal dealers IN all parts Of the county.
Robert Blakernore. district fuel adj
ministrator. Only one-fourth OF all
families, Mr.. Blackmore estimates
have stocked themselves with hard
coal for the winter season.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23
FAMINE
HERE MAY BE
AVERTED SOON
Continued From Page ~

available to the public. Large num-
bers of men have been withdrawn
from their usual occupations, and
hat necessarily must also affect the
coal industry. The operators OF the
mines have been handicapped by this
fact and also by the tensity of the
situation which exists everywhere in
the country.
what VIII Be Done.
tor is to accomplish the conservation
of the supply Of fuel and work an
adequate distribution thereof in so
far as it may be possible to do so.
1.-THE government has, as you know,
appointed q federal administrator for
each state to investigate and report
upon the supplies, needs, costs, and
prices of fuel in his state. The ad-
Illustrator appoints local committees,
and in this connection 1t may be men,
toned now that North Dakota has
been divided into eighteen districts
each regulated by a committee Of To-
committees have already been ap-
pointed and are at work. and more
Observation-Disclosures the district
Of Grand Forks and Nelson counties
will be made within the next few
days. The district committees will
keep the federal state administrator
informed as to the actual situation in
the various districts. and he. in turn
will report to the administration al
Washington with such suggestions az
he and the advisory board think use
full.
The State situation.
"In North Dakota" the fuel ad.
ministrator said there is a present
shortage Of anthracite coal in thu
eastern section Of the state, particu'
larly in the Red. River valley. where
it seems that. for the most part, fam
lilies are provided with a type OF Stovt
or furnace unsufted Tor the use o,
our domestic Ignite or other s0f
Goals. This situation has been pre-
scented to the national fuel admins
traitor. ~
The best relief possible will be af'
forded, although It. must
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23

Today's total .............$7s4.4c
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-23
BRTTTSH CASUAIHTEs.

London. Oct. 23.-British casualties
reported during the week ended today
totalled 17,041.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23

While in Maysville Mr.. Souslin has
showed himself to be perfect gen.
tleman in every way and is liked by
every one with whom he has come in
contact. He has shown conclusively
that no matter how much u person Is
handicapped 1t is possible to get
along II one has grit and persever-
ence.
1t has been with pleasure that we
have had the privilege several times
of talking to Mr.. Souslin and the
more we see of him the better we like
him. In turn, he says that the news
paper men are his best friends, as
they make his work easy, and always
do what they can to make his Yisits
pleasant He is the personificati6n of
optimism and never worries about his
great misfortune. He says that he is
thankful that God has permitted him
to lives so that he can provide for
his wife and child.
Mr.. Souslin says that the people of
Maysville have been very kind to him
and have welcomed him. The mayor
threw open the gates of the city to
him and the people of our city tried
to make him feel at home. The mer-
chants do not try to hide when he
comes into their stores, but instead
advance to meet him and show him
that they want to help him.
| Mr.. Souslin is not beggar. He is
neat in appearance, he is sober and
industrious, and he does not sit
around on the dirty streets peddling
pencils and shoe strings. He is simp-
ly selling the wonderful story OF his
life, which has been printed in some
of the leading medical and scientific
journals of the country. Everyone
should read this story.
We bespeak for Mr.. Souslin's sue
cess wherever he may go.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23
Personals

Col. w. w. Gault is visiting rela-
tives in the city and attendinf the
Corn and Tobacco Fair
Mrs. Georges Hughes, Of Newport
is visiting her sister, Mrs. ]. c. Cab.
lish, of East Fourth street.
Mr.. Joseph Walton and wife, for
merly Mrs. Caroline Pickett, are now
located at Pennsylvania Inn, Lexing-
ton.
Miss Edith Mae Blinkhorn Of Gov
ington, spent yesterday with her
friend, Miss Nettie Frost, of Cherry
street.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Hans, OF
Portsmouth, Ohio, are visiting Mr.
and Mrs. J. C. Cablish, of East Fourth
street, and are attending the Corn
and Tobacco Fair.
Mrs. Edna Webster Core and cou.
sin, Mrs. William Coburn of Minerva
went to Cincinnati this morning tC
hear the famous tenor, John McCor'
mack" at Music Hall this evening.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23
TnE sLACYER


The following poem was written W
Cook BENJAMIN l.. Kenney, formel y
OF this city:
We give you our service, you shut z
our beer,
But the Stacker can drink till It ru .
out his ear.
We quit good Job to keep you fr, n
harm,
And the Stacker goes by with aNgGl
on his arm.
And laughs at the soldier, poor, uil-
lucky cuss;
You go with Stacker, why ostracise
We are doing our duty, his liver 10
white,
Yet we leave the streets at eleven
each night;
While he sticks around as long as lie
And laughs at the soldier whenever
he cares.
Discipline, we know, is thing tl@t
must be,
But honest to goodness, we fall
When the soldier drinks nothing bl'
water and pop,
Why the drinks Of Stacker cant :"
SO be stopped.
If the Stacker can dance, it seel :
rather hard
At all decent dances the uniform
barred.
You find in organizations men of all
kind,
But we think the slackers are far be-
hind.
In time of peace they are in their
place,
But in time of war they are right
about face.
One consolation, we are tried and are
true,
We left our homes and bid friends
adieu.
And il we are so lucky to ever get
back,
We will sure make the slackers ball
the jack.
We have shouldered our rifle ans
taken our place,
And we will go to our death with
smile on our face.
But this is our earnest appeal to YOU,
Until we pass over, please give lis
our due.
COOK BENJAMIN L. KENNEY,
Company G, 61st Infantry,
Gettysburg National Park, Pa.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23
TRIAL OF PRIVATE GEORGE KING
CLOSES

Camp Shelby. Miss, November 81
The trial of Private George King, {"
Company c, One Hundred and Fort.
ninth Infantry, from Georgetown, x!
charged with the murder OF Poll
Sergeant Chris Kolhoven, at Newpor
KY, last July, was closed this afte
noon with the conclusion Of argumel
by attorneys for the defense and til
Government before the general Conrt
martial.
At the conclusion Of the argnmer
consideration of the testimony wa
begun by the officers of the Cour
martial. Tonight the findings Of tn
body were sent to the War Depar'
.ment at Washington.
Lieutenant W. Clarke Otto an
Lieutenant Logan Rock presented fiji
al argument for the defense, Will
Captain Keith W. Wise, Judge Advo
cate, argued for the Government.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23
AMERICAN TRANSPORTS HAVE
EXCITING VOYAGE

A French Port, November 22-The
latest American transports to reach
here had an exciting trip through the
submarine zone. The first night in
the zone two transports collided. One
was slightly damaged while the 9TH
er had small hole torn in her bow
and a few projecting guns damaged.
Temporary repairs were made and
the ships proceeded.
The following night a submarine
attacked the transports. The wake
of torpedo was seen off the bow of
one of the vessels, but no coming
tower or periscope was visible. The
transports raced ahead and succeed
ed in reaching port safely, where the
collision damage was repaired.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23
FOOD Is TIED UP


Cleveland, Ohio, November 20 =
More than four million pounds Of po-
tatoes and other perishable vege-
tables are said to be tied up In
freight cars on the New York Gen.
trail tracks In Cleveland, names Of
their consignors and consignees UNI
known to railroad officials.
Department Of justice agents today
were investigating the food tie-up fol-
lowing request from the railroad
company. The mystery of the owner
ship Of the vegetables led officials to
inquire into the possibility of specu-
lation on gigantic scale.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23
WILL or JOHN FLEMING fOGUE
PILED


Cincinnati, Ohio, November 20 -
Under the will OF Attorney John r.
Pogue, who died on his ranch In Cali
fornia, $4,000 is set aside, the in
come to 30 to his widow, Nell p.
Pogue, for life, she also to have the
household effects. All the residue Of
his estate goes to his sons, Patterson
and Francis W. Pogue. His Office eff
fects In the Office Of Pogue e. Pogue
he gives to his brothers, Province M.
and Thomas L. Pogue. The will
names his three brothers, Henry e..
Pogue, Maysville, KY, and Thomas L..
and Province Pogue, Of this city, as
executors. The will was dated jan
uary 8, 1912. The estate is estimated
at $22,5O0 In this state, besides which
he had his California ranch and his
interest in the distilling business at
Maysville, Ky.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23
MORE SWEATERS NEEDED

New York, November $50 great
is the present demand upon the Red
Cross for knitted articles for men in
environments and army posts and
those abroad American warships that
the Atlantic division today sent out
an appeal to chapters in its jurisdic-
ton to mobilize all the volunteer help
it can get in an effort to speed up
work on sweaters, wristlets, mufflers,
helmets and socks.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23

Butter fat 4S cents q pound at II
Maysville Model Creamery this wee :
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23
SUES L. & N.

In the Mason Circuit Court We'd
nesday Samuel Sapp filed suit against
the L. & N. Railroad, claiming by
reason Of the carelessness and neg
ligence of the defendant and its en-
ployees, his home on the Taylor Mill
pike, this county, was totally destroy
ed by fire; also his household and
kitchen furniture. He asks judgment
in the sum of $500 and for all other
proper relief.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23
LEAVES SUNDAY
Mr.. Alonxo SouslIn, Man Who Lives
With o broken Neck, To Depart
Sunday-Has Been Very Sue.
cessful Here--Is Well
Liked.

Mr.. Alonzo Souslin, OF Dayton, o.,
the man with the broken neck, who
has been In this city for several days
selling the story Of his life and pic
lures Of himself In the strange har-
ness that he wears at all times to
keep his neck In place, leaves Sunday
for other points
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23
ENGAGEMENT ANNOUNCED

Mrs. Patrick Tierney announces
the engagement Of her daughter, Miss
Ruth, to Mr.. Louis Schumacher, of
Fleming county, the marriage to take
place next Wednesday morning, No
vember 26, at O'Clock in the st.
Patrick's Catholic Church. No cards.
Friends and relatives invited.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23
PARCELS FOR SOLDIERS

Washington, November 21-ReporC,
to the Postoffice Department Of tie
amount of parcel post matter going
to the American army in France indi-
Gated that Americans there will en-
Joy a bountiful Christmas. The de-
partment announced tonight that it
is practically certain that every paci-
age mailed before November IL WI
reach its destination by Christnl. q
morning, and possibly some mailed
later will get there in time.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23
THE GIRL WHO DIDN'T KNOW

Marie Empress listened to the
smooth, tongue Of a gambler. Went
away to Career in big city and
falls in with white slavers. Parents
does your little girl know? See this
picture at the Pastime Tuesday, No
vember ~.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23

Mr.. Barker Jones of the county,
who has a we'll developed case of
pneumonia, was removed to the home
of Mrs. Alice Best, East Second street
Thursday afternoon.
The public ledger. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1913-1968, 1917-11-23

Senior Lieutenant Charles Best has
been detached from the Annapolis
Naval Academy and assigned to the
Battleship Georgia for navigation
work.
Arizona republican., 1917-09-30

TOO LATE TO CLASSIFY
Arizona republican., 1917-09-30

badges which the bearer is entitled to wear There are ten of these hcnors recognized by the army. Two are medals of honor one a certificate of merit and others badges of historic campaigns. Obviously it would be i'm practical for the possessor to wear his medals and badges on his service uni form and so he wears the little ribbon symbol instead. The ribbons are as follows:
 Congressional Medal of Honc~ - While stars on a field of light blue silk. This medal is awarded only by congress for some particular deed of gallantry in action. It is the most coveted of all army hoHors.
 Certificate of Merit Badge-TWo red white and blue bands separated by a thin band of white, the blue being out ermost in each instance. This honor is conferred by the president.
 Philippines Congressional Medal = Blue band in center flanked by stripes of white, red, white and blue, the blue on the outermost edges of the ribbon. This ribbon is worn by those men who stayed in the service after the concIu- sion of the Spanish American war to put down the Philippine insurrection
 Civil War-Campaign ribbon of equal sized bands of blue and gray.
 Indian Wars-Bright red, with mar row edoes of deeper red. Spanish Campaign - Alternating stripes of yellow and blue This is the most familiar of all campaign rib bons.
 Philippine Campaign-Blue band in center, flanked by narrower bands of red, blue edges.
 Cuban Pacification Gndicating serv- ice in Cuba during the period 1906 09, when the United States straightened out governmental affairs for the new republic)-Broad olive drab center, flanked by three narrow stripes of red white and blue, the red on the outermost edges.
 China Campaign .Gndicating service in the march ito Peking-Broad band Of yellow with narrow borders of blue. Ribbons for ~allantry in action are worn farthest to the left, followed by | campaign ribbons in chronological order.