Evening star., 1917-03-11

| ton for teachers has developed rapidly
In the past four or five years. Local
retirement funds have in most in
thers Ssa to 9yeaaa
tion. the experts say. that some plan Of
retirement for teachers is essential in
an efficient public school system.
vestigators Of the bureau to argue for
or against any particular form Of PEN
SION plan, fnasmuch as this subject has
already been fully covered in former
Gently been completed. sought to bring
out the existing situation in the va
rious states; to outline the plans that
have been adopted. and give some fndi-
| cations of the results; and to reproduce
for the information of those studying
teachers pensions several Of the PEN
sion laws now on the statute books.
| A study has recently been completed
by experts of the United States geo.
logical survey Of the
Newington Newington morains in
New England. which has
"oIaAAe. brought to light some
very interesting geological data.
Ages before the bitter struggle of the
whites and Indians for the possession
of New England. a aercer struggle for
dominion was waged there between the
ice and the sea. so these experts say.
Huge glaciers, thousands of feet deep
and hundreds Of miles wide, came down
to New England from distant Labrador.
| 1t is the opinion of those who have
made a study of such matters that for
| thousands of years the struggle ragged
between the sea and the ice. First the
for scores of miles. Then the sun joined
issue and the ice retreated before its
power. not steadily but with halts and
spurts of new vigor and stronger ad-
final wane of the power of the ice. is
| recorded in peculiar ridge known as
the Newington moraine. which runs
through southern Maine and New
this moraine which has received such
careful consideration at the hands of
| the 'geologists.
1t was found that this moraine is
secured by the ice from lands far and
near and borne within it to its edges.
where these fragments Of rock were
melted from Its grasp and fell into the
sea, to be pounded and shifted by waves
and currents and strewn over the
shores and shadows.
Following this the ice melted and
withdrew, and other great forces of
crust of the earth rose 100 feet or more.
So the fragments Of rocks that had
been piled in front of the ice were
lifted from the sea and now appear as
a long ridge, the sand and gravel Of the
sea floor becoming sandy uplands On
the dry, smooth tops of these uplands
| farms were cleared and villages were
| built. the early settlers choosing to
cultivate their sandy soil rather than
| to labor at clearing countless powders
from the richer hills on the west or at
painfully tilling the ledgy ground on
| Health came to the dwellers on this
| dry and we'll drained ridge, and now
visitors by the thousands go there in
summer to gain fresh vigor. The most
modern need of all, the need of fine
material for making highways. is met
by the gravels Of these ancient deposits
of the ice and the sea.
! Proper milk standards are essential
to efficient milk control by public health
| authorities, according to
| proner Milk those agents of the fed
Standards erai government who
'' have made a speciality of
| the study of milk. In the first place,
the federal authorities point out. health
| authorities must ascertain that the
chemical composition corresponds with
established definitions of milk as food,
but their more important duty is to
prevent the transmission of disease In
| the interests of milk consumers, it is
pointed out, public health authorities
must take positive action to prevent
the transmission of any milk diseases,
in addition to their duty of preserving
| the food value Of milk.
| The milk producer is interested in
proper standards for milk, and should
| Uncle Sans experts say, support a
| movement to secure proper standards.
| for the reason that these contribute to
the well being and dignity of the milk
| industry itself. Proper standards.
rightly enforced. distinguish between
| the good milk producer and the bad
| milk producer. This will inevitably
| lead. the experts say. to the improve
| ment of dairy farming, and eventually
| to an Increase in the financial prosper
ity of the milk producer himself
through better prices for better milk 1t
| vii! enable the producer to get properly
| paid for the quality of milk he pro-
| duces and thus put that industry for
the first time upon a dependable basis.
1t is pointed out by officials of the
pubic health service that the milk
dealer finds the classification OF milk
/ resulting from milk standards to his
financial advantage, for the reason that
1t identifies clearly first-cIass milk
ana distinguishes 1t from second-class
milk. Such distinction gives to the
seller OF frst-class milk the CONNER
cia1 rewards which such milk deserves
and the official label creates a market
for first-class milk which the dealer
alone is unable to create
From the standpoint of milk con-
consumers. the expert points out. the
setting of definite standards. accomna.
med by labelling. with official control
or the labels, makes it possible to
Know the character OF the milk which
Is purchased and to distinguish good
milk from bad milk. The establish
ment OF standards for quality. and Of
labels on retail packages indicating the
quality compels the Industry not only
20 purchase milk on a quality basis.
put also to sell milk on the same basis
me selling of milk strictly on a uuaI-
1ty basis, which includes not only
chemlcal composition. but sanitary
character. it is said. makes it possible
lot consumers by an inspection of the
iaoel fntelligently to select milk which
IN quality and price Is most suita BILE
for their needs.
me prime requisite for efficient milk
controi, as seen by the federal experts.
IS mat the health department shall
oe adequately equipped with men, mon
ey ana laboratory facilities. It is the
opinion or those who have made study
OF tnls subject that satisfactory re-
suits cannot be expected from laws when
thero Is no machinery for their ep$or,a