davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09
STEEL AND IRON INDUSTRY IS NOW
 MOBIL|ZEDFOR WAR
Fully One Million Tons Will Be Required For Govern ment at Once at Fixed
 Prices

New York. April S.-Chef interest in iron and steel is centered in the needs of the United States government and of private concerns that will execute gov ernment contracts to place the country speedily on a war footing. It is estl- mated fully 100000 tons of steel will be required to meet these necessities and will be purchased in the near future. The navy department alone is expected to purchase fully half of this tonnage to fulfill the naval programme.
 IT. the past few days bids have been taken and the large contracts are on the point of being awarded.
 The steel companies have agreed with the Secretary of the Navy to furnish all the structural steel required for the building of government boats at 2.9c per pound for plates and 21ac per pound for shapes for shipment this year. This Is concession of more than $50 per net ton on the average from the prices re- gently current, $1s,000.000 to s2O, ,00o,0 900 to the government on the purchase of 300,- GOO tons thus far contracted for.
 Steel mills anticipate further large or ders to come from the European allied governments which will be accepted and in many instances to be given preference in shipments over commercial purchases by domestic consumers. The extent of these foreign requirements are not known definitely but fully 100000 tons of steel Inquired for by foreign countries have been held in abeyance.
 Buying of railroad equipment has fallen off sharply.
 Steel and iron prices are still rising the most notable advances being sfo to SIP per ton on wrought pipe, s2 more on cast iron pipe, and s1 to 8 per ton on pig iron. Sales of pig iron are smaller but new inquiries for GOO tons are in the market, some for export.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09
COTTON GOES UP ON LARAT|ON
 OF STATE OF WAR
Prospect For Increased Con- sumption For Making Mu- nitiOns Causes Sharp
 Advance In Prices

New Orleans, April s.-Last week the cotton market went to higher levels on the clearing of the political situation of this country, heavy buying resulting from the belief that the market would continue to rise as the result of an in crease consumption of cotton, through increased requirements in the way of war supplies.
 This week the trade will probably pay less attention to international politics un- less sudden developments of importance arise and will devote more time to con- slderation of the statistical position and new crop conditions in an endeavor to compare supplies, present and prospec- tive, with the probable wants of the world.
 Statistics are bound to have more ef- feet on the situation because of their increasing strength and 1t is generally considered that the only thing which can offset them is better outlook for the new crop. A favorable turn in the weather probably would checks the growing enthusiasm for the buying side, but traders and brokers who have made a deep study of the new crop seem to believe the question of labor supply Is factor which, in the end, will outweigh any bearish new crop features which may appear.
 Attention may be centered especially on how the war recruiting effects the num- bers of farm hands available; also the drains of munitions factories upon farm labor will be studied.
 The market in the near future will be liable to nervous and wide fluctuations because of the high price levels attained. With cotton trading around s10o bale the chances are for much wider price changes than around $50, which, for some years past. has been regarded as nor nal value.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09
The New Army Disease
Dr. Kellogg Speed, In Leslie's.

LIT. hellOSS speed, III leSle B.
 Let me quote from recent edition Of the London Post: "The casualty lists last issued by the war office account for 42SS noncommissioned officers and men, of whom 665 are dead, 2675 wounded, and 948 missing, among the wounded being 214 cases of shell shock"
 Trench warfare, like that on the vest ern front waged in ditches g feet deep, has developed it's own military pecu- liarities To the medical profession 1t has brought new disease, known as shell shock or shock shel' as the British war office officially calls it.
 To understand it's cause and action we must take our place In the trenches with a company on the first line. An attack is simmering and the constant prelimi- nary bombardment of heavy and light ar- tillery is on.
 Shells, shrapnel, high explosives are rained on them and on the trench with it's narrow communication to the supports in the rear, until there is a, constant din of tremendous explosions and the air Is filled with noxious gas. Time has come to seek cover and the soldier ducks his steel helmeted head into his under ground dugout. crowds down with his mates and waits for the storm to blow over. Hours pass. days pass, some pre- liminary bombardments lasting four or five days, and food, water patience, and nerves are exhausated by the awful din, the noisome air. and the crowded quar- ters with the sickening sights of nearby men disemboweled and otherwise wounded unto death.
 Then 1t is that minds go awry. Shell shock attacks the veterans as well as the recruits. The poor lads with neurasthenic tendencies, with poor nervous reserve or with histories of sapping excesses and habits. begin to experience an ever grow ing fear Their limbs start to tremble their hearing becomes affected, they can- not talk or see, and when they can be rescued in a lull, they have become jib- lnals, almost literally scared to death.
 Scientifically the disease may be divided into two classes. One is the pseudo shell shock following the course outlined in men of unstable nervous equilibrium, de- prived of food and made to fear for their lives; and the second class is true shell shock occurring in men who really sus- tain blows of falling sandbags, and blanks, or are buried in the upheaval of earth following shell explosion. Unfor- tunately the false division comprises over 95 per cent of the total number reported and they offer the poorest hope of recov- cry of the proper martial spirit. which the soldier should have. The true cases generally recover within a fortnight They may, however, slip on then into the pseudo class and become unfit for active military duty.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09
STOCKS SHOW MUCH WEAKNESS DURING PAST EPOCHAL WEEK
Timidity of Investors, Ap- prehensiOn as to War Tax ation and Adverse Crop
 Report Cause Decline

New York, April S.-Declaration of state of war with Germany finds the country in an unprecedented state of fi- nancial. commercial and industrial pre- paredness, although not without some confusion in the market for securities. The reaction in prices at the weekend was attributed to a combination of cir cumstances, including an increase of ap- prehension among tinid investors, un- certainty attending the broad question of war taxation and adverse crop pros poets.
 The latest government report, indicat- Ing an enormous decrease in winter wheat is likely to bear vitally upon the war sit nation in its direct relation to prices of foodstuffs. To what extent such a situa- tfon can be regulated by government con- trol remains to be seen.
 Pressing needs of a definite financial policy is being brought to the attention of the Washington authorities with the attendant question of bond taxation. Wall street and it's banking associates throughout the country are preparing for early requirements of not less than $10,- coo 900, GOO
 One of the unfavorable features of the week was the steady selling of high class railroad stocks. Reports that these offerings were mainly for foreign &C., count lacked confirmation. The many net decreases in February earnings of in portant transportation lines were at- tributable mainly to higher costs of op- erations under the eight-hour law.
 The 10 per cent increase in wages and salaries by the United States Steel cor poration directed attention to increasing r,ds 1o Y
 soundhess of the nssket for investment bonds was demonstrated by the success of the Pennsylvania q New York state offerings, the latter eing especially at tractive because of exception from taxa tion.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09

tThe carrying power employed under peace conditions is taken as 100)
 AS the total shipping tonnage now available is insufficient to carry all that we are accustomed to import the man. agement we must have Is that which will bring in the greatest volume of the supplies of which we are most in need Gnder normal conditions the oversea food 'upplies of the nation amounted to more han 16.000000 tons year. while oversea supplies of raw material amounted to about 26,0o0,0O0 tons. To bring in these supplies. British and foreign vessels made upwards of 40,000 voyages in the year. Notwithstanding the disorganization due to the war, the extent of which it Is al- most impossible to exaggerate, our sup plies of all essentials and of many con- yeniences and even luxuries has been maintained. The whole reduction in our foreign trade as regards imports may be shown by the following tonnage fig ures for six months prior to the war as compared with the six current months: Total tonnage. six months 1914, 25,SO0, 900; total tonnage, six months ending Jan uary 31, 1917. 21, 100000"
 EXCERPT FROM REPORT Discussing the states efforts to eXer- else some control over neutral shipping. the report says:
 "The association views with grave con- cern the action of the state in regard to foreign shipping. Under normal condi- tions such shipping would be regarded as our competitor, but now it is essential to our existence as a nation that we should obtain the maximum of ocean, carrying power under both the British and foreign flags. It must be recognized that while on the one hand, the enemy by his submarine campaign is doing his utmost to stop foreign ships carrying for the United Kingdom; on the other hand neutrals all over the world are In most urgent need of foreign tonnage. as they have been deprived in very great measure of the carrying power of the British ships upon which they relied in time of peace.
 Tt is inevitable that foreign tonnage will accept the most advantageous em- ployment offered; therefore. to meet the additional war risks, the United King dom must be prepared to pay for their services above. and not below. the rates offered by neutrals Any attempts to keep the freights that can be earned by foreign tonnage in the United Kingdom trade below the rates that are being of fered in the international freight market plays directly into the enemy's hands hy lessening our essential oversee SUD- plies.'
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09

WANTED-IWenty- -hve hrst-class coi- ored experienced coal loaders; % day laborers at S1.75 per day. Trans portation furnished, and freight paid on household goods. Ship laborers every day. Coal loaders Thursday and Monday. Employment Office, Room 424 Chamber of Commercs Bldg., Birmingham. Ala. 4-4-5t BIRMINGHAM mail carrier, postoffice clerk examinations May g. S90J year; sample questions free. Franklin Insti- tute, Desk 2-D, Rochester, N. r.
 4-7-14t- sat -su -mo-wed fri AVIATORS, AVIATRITRIX Teacher wants to hear from ladies wanting to become competent aviatritrix; arrange in letter for interview Tuesday or Wednesday. Address G-79, care Age Herald
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09
Was Coming Back

From Browning's MagaZine.
 Seemed to sadden old Geldbox when his new son-in-law said goodby after the wedding. Is he so fond of him?
 Well, not exactly. You see, the new son-in-law didn't say goodby; he said 'au revoir.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09
Our Relief

Vice President Marshall, in Leslie's
 I believe there is no finer form of government than the one under which we live and that I ought to be willing to live or to die, as God decrees, that it may not perish, from off the earth through treachery within or through assault from without; and I believe that, though my first right Is to be ] partisan, my first duty, when the only principles on which free government can rest are being strained, is to be patriot and to follow in a wilderness of words that clear call which bids me guard and defend the ark of our national covenant.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09
ONE CENT 4 WORD.
WANTEn-HEip

aspLo kuB0uO33B lsnm USED 'uoys -1SsuI ssIU ioy Hc. uBVl SSSI AoI uSNsi
 ps t&uP pIOAA suaS au0--S,g LyM
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09

So that electric light pull switches can be found in dark rooms. there has been invented glass pendant filled with substance absorbing light in the daytime and becoming luminous at night.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09

WHITE chamber maid or nurse for child; have comfortable home and permanent employment for experi- enced nurse: references required Phone Main 1919. 4-3-tf WANTED-A- white woman to take care of an elderly lady; German preferred; must come well recommended: must live on premises. Apply 42S Jefferson Go. Bank Bldg
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09
ENGLISH SHIPPING IS NOT SUFFICIENT
 FOR NATIONS NEED
State Management Opposed in Report of Committee Which Is Searching
 for Remedy

Liverpool March -(Correspondence of the Associated Press 1.-The annual re- port of the Liverpool Steamship Owners association which includes practically all the important shipowners in England, emphasizes the seriousness of the ship. ping situation and declares squately that all the measures thus far taken by the government are insufficient. The report insists that state anagement uf ship ping has failed and must fail and ex- presses the opinion that only the most radical curtailment of imports and a similar radical limitation of the amount of tonnage used for military purposes can save the nation from the most se rlous shortages of food and vital raw materials.
 Commenting on the appointment of q shipping minister as a member of the Lloyd George Cabinet, the report says: "The association welcomes the appoint ment of a minister charged with the duty of seeing that the mercantile ma rine is used to the best advantage of the nation and it will render every as- sistance in it's power to that minister. But the problem of providing the na- ton with it's essential supplies of food and raw ma terial is only a part of tho shipping problem. The essential facrors, the limita tion of imports, the amount of purposes and the labor shortage can be dealt with by no one department. They must be faced and dealt with by tha whole war ca hinef
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09
NO REFLECTION ON OFFICERS

Tt is no reflection on the officials of the state that they have been un- able to build up an effective organization. Their task has been an impossible one. They have obtained and welcomed the advice and assistance of business men. but it is idle to imagine that depart mental management, either with or with out such help, can ever exercise over hundreds Of ships the kind of control which the shipping companies with their highly trained and specialized staffs, must exercise over tens of ships if the maximum of carrying power is to be ob- tained.
 Under average conditions a ship spends half her time in port loading and dis charging and thus there is un every voyage the risk of heavy delay. The avoidance of undue waste in these oper- ations is at the root of the effective use of all ship carrying power To secure this the energy and enterprise of the shipowners and their staffs at home an abroad are taxed to the utmost. There is only one British steamship company that has under its control more than 100 vessels, and among the big British lines the average number of vessels un- der single management is about oC Among the tramps' there are few .om- panies or firms having more than 12 ves- sells. With this form of management the shipowner is kept in the closest pos sible touch with each vessel on every
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09

A little salt rubbed on earthenware pudding dishes will take away brown spots.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09
NO STATE CONTROL

Direct state mana agement of shipping is impossible, says the report. The state is so bad a manager that state con- trol of the nations tonnage would mean quick starvation. The association views with grave concern the growing num- Der of British ships placed under state mana cement. The experience of two and a half years of war has shown that un- der state management there is constant and serious wastage. The conditions un- der which our overseas supplies are ob- tained, the voyages made, and cargoes loaded and discharged, are so varying that waste in carrying power can only be checked through the compelling power of commercial pressure--individua profit and loss acting directly. on all those con- cerned whether as traders, sllipowners or transport workers.
 ''The inevitable results of state man agement have been waste of time, loss of ocean carrying power and therefore the imports. If these be reduced under state management by only 10 per cent and judging by all past experience it might well be reduced by 25 per cent and upward-the nation would be faced with immediate shortage of essential supplies, privation and panic prices. Weighed against such perils. the saving of freight, even if cargoes were carried for noth- ing, is negligible factor.
 To satisfy military demands since the outbreak of the war about one-third of the British mercantile marine has been devoted to purely war purposes. One third of the British mercantile marine has a carrying capacity In ocean trade in the course of year of upward of 55, 900 tons weight of imports and ex- ports. It Is manifest that if the re- maining two-thirds had been utilized only in proportion to the one-third under mill itary control the nation mast have starved long ago.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09
Hubbard Bros. & Co.

cotton Merchants. Hanover Square, N, r. Members New York Cotton Ex. New York Produce Exchange. Associate Members Liverpool Cotton Association
 1 ana pr the ssed % and future delivery. Special attention and liberal terms given for consignm ents of spot cotton for delivery: Correspond.
 snce. invited
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09

"The cardinal fact of the situation Is that after satisfying war demands, the total shipping available in the world is rot sufficient to carry the cargoes de- manding to be transported. It must be realized tht we are in great measure de- pendent on the carrying power of ves- sells under foreign flags Under peace conditions, the employment of foreign vessels was business convenience. but with the war demands, it is now an ab- solute necessity. The following table shows the extent to which our imports of food and raw materials have been. and are now being carried in vessels under our own and other flags:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09
ONE CENT A WORD.
FOR SALE

R ,T-FS-Oue esnt word . dRyt sd
 tnkea fnr Iess than 25c for first iuser. tton. Cash must accnn,panY 1rder
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09
FOR RENT
WANTED-FEMALE HELP

WANT NTEU-F EWALE HELP
 
 LADIES-Earn vacation expenses, intro- ducing magazine during spare morhents, New York or Yellowstone Park; two weeks of delightful travel; every ex- pense paid; will not interfere with pres- ent employment. Miss Lerline Stewart. Greenville, Ala, earned tour last year; writes, Perfectly delightful" Illus trated particulars free on request Southern Woman's Magazine, Nashville, Tenn. 4-1-10t
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-04-09

voyage. and also with the requirements of the shippers and receivers of the cargo"
 Touching on the subject of shipping under neutral flags, the report says:
 SHIPPING NOT CJTFEICIENT
Evening journal., 1917-08-24
Do YOUR BEST

'Do your hest has come 90 be the
1logan Of tle American housewife. She
may not repeat the words but "actiOn
speaks louder than words"
She Is not satisfied with merely "dO-
ing her bit.' The question what can
! dn 10 heln2." which was so frequently
asked few weeks ago Is now re-
5aced by the solf-intcrr0gati0n, what
shall 7 do next?"
Although we see many necessary
4asks which wc are not able TO accom-
plsh. We go calmly on our way and
~ our best We are no longer sails
Bed Just 20 be doing something We
Nant 90 do that which we can do best
tnd which viii help most
tFood VIII Win"
Those who should know tell us that
thc side which has the best food sup
ply viii win in this war.
Wise conservation OF the food SUD
ply IN the home is, perhaps, the most
important war work Of the housewife
1oday. Wise conservation implies
knowledge of food value and balanced
raiiOns Tho housewife who has not
made a study of these should begin at
once.
Uncle Sam has come TO our aid as
usual
The Department Of Agriculture is
now putting out bulletins which give
fccipos with caloric values. Tho
smount Of protein is also stated. These
Bulletins are free. Write the United
States Department Of Agriculture, Di-
Vision Of Publications, Washington,
n c.. for a list OF the new bulletins on
foods. The various state agricultural
colleges are also issuing similar bull
iotlns These are free 90 residents OF
Abe state in which The bulletin is pub
3lshed Let MS make use Of these bull
1eiins and become proficient in our
main lob--that OF Home Food Admins
Hrator.
81 the housewife who understands
I00d values Is able 90 substitute alter
native food for those % which she has
become accustomed whenever these
foods become scarce. Just now we are
urged 90 save the wheat -four and the
government and national food pro-
ducers are seeking 90 substitute other
nours instead We have learned Of
several new sources OF -four as a result.
we know that wheat bread may be
Replaced by oatmeal mullins or bread.
on hy corn bread 0f various kinds. 10
has been urged that we use corn bread
f0r breakfast until after the war. We
might equally as well Use Oat meal or
Dse cakes made of hominy Instead of
Bread.
We are urged hy Mr.. Hoover 20 save
Evening journal., 1917-08-24

butter. Let us use a good quality Of
oleomargarine instead.
To conserve the meat supply we use
eggs, poultry, fish, peas. beans. milk
and cheese, and our dietary is quite
as satisfactory as before.
Study Balanced RatiOns.
The housewife must understand bal
anccd rations' so that She may he able
TO substitute the foods which give the
same food value as those replaced.
Verify the housewife has a task before
hor; but. fortunately, IL is ar inter-
csting and satisfying study ana she
has the satisfaction OF knowing that
she is doing her best and that 1t is
the 'war work. which all agree
counts most" at this time.
Farmers Bulletin No. ", Principles
of Nutrition and NulrtiVe Value Of
Foods. and Farmers Bulletin No. S08
How to Select Food" will be helpful
and may be obtained by writing the
United States Experiment station, De-
pariment OF Publications, Washington,
%. G..
Evening journal., 1917-08-24

and sugared ham caa be used in max
ing spice cookies or cakes.
Bacon drippings may be used 10 all
kinds Of tntters ard doughs The new
vegetable product (yegetole) makes
excellent shortening Yor cakes, cookies
and biscuits.
Evening journal., 1917-08-24
sHoRTENlNes

II one uses ham and bacon as she
should there is no lack of drippings
which can well be used for shorten
ing. Even the savory fat from a spiced
Evening journal., 1917-08-24

NJ. Fl ~ by NJ. Hooyer @ savo
Evening journal., 1917-08-24

SUNNY WHITE
FLOUR, lib.
BAG,