davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening journal., 1917-03-15
By The United Press.

by TIC UMIIeU TIe5ss
BOSTON, Mass, Mar. 15.-Furness,
Witty and Company. steamship
agents, received advices today that the
steamship Sycamore, bound for Liver
pool, has been sunk. The company
conditions of the sinking had been
received.
No passengers were on board and
only two American citizens were un-
derstood to be among the crew. These
we're Michael Holloway. "a, and John
Henry. %. both signed as iremen
from Boston, addresses unknown.
The Sagamore is listed as a steel
screw steamer of 5,197 tons. built in
1892. registered at Liverpool and
Evening journal., 1917-03-15
Albert Vanetta, Aged "a. Op-
orator of Corning Mill in
Hagley Yard of dupont Co.
is Blown to Atoms in Ex-
plOSiOn That Destroys Build
ing, SmasheS Glass in Houses
Nearby, Rocks Wilmington
and is Felt at Dover Fifty
Miles Away.

Albert aged 81 years. of Henry Clay operator
corning mill the Hagey yard of the dupont powder plant
blown bits $50 o'clock this morning, when between four
and five thousand pounds of black pellet powder known Les
uioke semsmoheess POWDER exploded The conclusion
felt as far Dover, fifty miles away.
Vaneta the only man in the mill. One workman
slightly injured but did require medical attention The mill in
which Vsneta work totally destroyed about
hundred of the wooden socade about the plant Many
dwellings the about the powder plant had windows blown
Evening journal., 1917-03-15
Believing ThatSpeedy Decision
Rests With Washington,
France Regards Uncle Sans
Entry of Vastly More I'm
pOtance Than All FOrthcOm-
ingBattles; AnxiOuSlyA Awaits
Word Now That Algonquin
Has Been Sunk Without
Warning.
By w. S. FORREST,
United Press Staff Correspondent.


PARIS, Mar l5-Frsnce believes a speedy decision in tho
rests with Washington.
If the United States today at the last line before with
Germany, that ne and joins forces with the allies against
Germany, it means swift decision for the Entente.
The ultimate victory of which France confident will be has
tened For this the French todayentyfou
hours after of the sinking of another American steamers
snxously waiting for Wahngon's word. It regards
Americas entry into the of vastly Importance than all
forthcoming battles.
Evening journal., 1917-03-15

sacrifice in achieving this victory. But
that cheeful spirit of sacrifice and
certainty OF belief In the future tri-
umph. does not lessen their realiza-
tion that II America enters the war,
the victory will come sooner and the
period Of sacrifice VIII thus be
shortened.
With America aligned with the En-
tente. the issue will be decided. the
French believe. The government be-
lives such decision viii be the final,
overwhelming blow TO Germany both
morally and physically.
Evening journal., 1917-03-15

r. r. STRIKE SITUATION.
Brotherhood and railway rep
resentatives met today in New
York for elght-hour day confer
enee.
Neither side gives any indlea-
tion Of yielding.
The possibility Of intervention
by President Wilson to avert
the strike is strong.
Brotherhoods now have
modified demand asking for
eight-hour day and pro-rats pay
for overtime. The original de-
mand, made In March, 1916. call
ed for time and half for over
time.
The proposed strike would
start Saturday night in the east,
working west by tying freighs
lines, and would involve all
traffic by next Wednesday at 6
p. m. At that hour il would In
volve all passenger tralnmen.
Evening journal., 1917-03-15

A. Horty. Charles Topkis, David Smell
lenburg, John S. Rossell, James p.
Winchester, the Hon. Charles r. NIL
Continued on Page Two)
Evening journal., 1917-03-15

Henry P. Scott. William Winder
Laird, Pierre S. dupont, William Girls
com Coke. William S. Hilles. Robert
H. Richards, John II. Hickey. J. Win
field Scott. William B. Megear. Peter
Evening journal., 1917-03-15
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION WILL DRIVE

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION WILL DRIVE
OUT PRO-GERMANS, CzAR NAY QUIT
Ey Tho United Press.
LONDON March 15.-The reported revolution in
confirmed here abdicate sue
cedng him.
evolution according advlces here by
ia tao Dama army and carried with the
,urro.e Of clearing out proGermsn officials
LACAzE NEW FRENCH WAR MINISTER.
BY United Press.
PARIS March 15-Admira Lacaze now minister of marine
viii temporarily succeed Lyauey of War;
today.
BRITISH AT GATES OF BAPAUME.
7y The United Press.
LONDON March 15.-Britsh troops making their ao-
very gates Bapaume the face OF Oins
'cnrporr CT rain a sea mud Today military sAp
they must be fighting before the last hn' 0
defenses OF the city Field Marshal Hsss report '-4
placed them within few hundred yards of these POSITIONS 'sr
a-.. ssv,Bos on front approximately one and naf
miles Immediately west of the city, ~
T'-T = "
Evening journal., 1917-03-15
ToDAY's TEMPERATUREs.

tAt Ihe kvening journal Othce.l
500 A. L.. "a 1901 P. NJ. 4e
1000 A. NJ. 40 l.So P. NJ. as
Evening journal., 1917-03-15
WEATHER

Fair tonight and Friday;
moderate west and north
west winds.
Evening journal., 1917-03-15

fisssi15iS@1 5s.9s1ssS
NON-RETURNABLE
The Tupelo journal., 1917-07-27
HERE is YOUR TAXES IF PRES
ENT BILL PASSES.

##4aH &@ ~
Washington, July 1S.-here are
the taxes YOU as an Individual citi-
zen will have to pay if the revenue
bill passes in it's present form.
Direct Taxes.
Income .Tax-if unmarried with an
income over 81, 700; if married with
an income i've $500.
War Profits Tax-If engaged in
business as an individual, in part
nership or stakeholder in corpora
ton with net profits over $4,000.
Tax on automobiles, motorcycles,
motorboats, yachts, letters, post
cards and second-class mail.
Stamp Taxes-Bonds and %certifi-
Gates of Indebtedness, parcel post
packages, stock certificates, stock
transfers, future sales, time drafts,
notes, bank checks over SIS, deeds,
customs entries and Withdrawals,
steamship tickets, voting proxies,
powers of attorney, etc.
Indirect Taxes.
Coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar, molasses
and all substitutes.
Whisky, beer, wine and liquors.
Cigars, cigarets, cigaret papers and
tobacco.
Mineral water, soda water and 9TH
err soft drinks.
Freight, express and railroad tick
cts.
kilograms and long distance tele-
phone messages.
Tennis racquets, golf clubs, base
balls and bats, fishing rods and other
sporting goods and games, includ-
ing playing cards.
Extracts, perfumes, cosmetics,
The Tupelo journal., 1917-07-27
MARKET ASSOCIATIONS AND
MARKET DAYS.

Owing to the prospect of enormous
crops of food products being har-
vested next fall, many of the towns
in the state are organizing market
ing associations to help get remuner-
ative prices for the surplus of our
farms. Carroll county has been en-
gagged in this work for some time, un-
der the able leadership of her county
demonstration agent, aided by many
progressive citizens. The results
have been of great advantage to the
farmer and to the business man as
well. Lee County has also begun the
The Tupelo journal., 1917-07-27
GRASS CLIPPINGS FOR POULTRY

Grass clippings are an excellent
green feed for chickens. The back
yard poultry flock of a family often
lacks sufficient green feed, with a
consequent reduction of egg and
meat production. With the easy
availability Of lawn clippings the
city poultryman can always have
green feed through the summer for
his chickens. The flock can be fed
daily as much of the green clippings
as they will eat. If any continued
bowel trouble shows, the amount
should be reduced. The remainder
of the clippings can be allowed to
dry and fed moistened during the
time between lawn cuttings.
Amounts in excess can be dried
for winter use. Dried grass clip
pings r a good green feed for win
ter. They can be dried and stored
in sacks. These dried clippings,
moistened and fed to the flock, are a
"ery fair substitute for the succulent
greer feeds o. summer.
The Tupelo journal., 1917-07-27
Smothered Cabbage.

Remove wilted leaves from cabbage.
Cut in quarters and remove tough cen
ter. Then pass through meat chopper.
For every five cupfuls of cabbage, melt
four tablespoonfIis butterine in hot
pan. Add two tablespOonfuls flour
gradually and blend well. Then add
half a cupful of water and half a cup
full of milk, stirring constantly. Bring
to boiling point, add cabbage, two
thirds tablespoonful of salt and a dash
of paprika or black pepper. Mix well
and owe Cook slowly nearly an
hour.
The Tupelo journal., 1917-07-27
Control of Clothes Moths.

Packing wooden goods, furs and rugs
In tightly-sealed pasteboard boxes or
wrapping them in paper will prevent
clothes moths and carpet beetles from
destroying them, according to ento-
mologists of the Ohio experiment sta
ton. Frequent brushing and airing in
the summer prevents the insects from
getting a foothold. Steam cleaning
and the use of gasoline in cracks in
floors or in storage boxes are also
recommended to control these pests.
Napthalene tends to repel moths.
The Tupelo journal., 1917-07-27
Careless Pairing WastefuI.

Useful food gets into the garbage
pail because the housewife in prepar-
ing potatoes or other vegetables and
fruit, such as apples, cuts off with the
skin a considerable percentage of edi-
Bile material. Careless pairing Of po-
tatoes may consign to the garbage pail
as much as~20 per cent OF the edible
portion, including outer layers contain
ing valuable mineral substances.
The Tupelo journal., 1917-07-27
! Home Economic Dept:
Miss Lena Bolt. Agent
GREEN TOMATO PICKLE.

l gal. green tomatoes.
IL dozen large onions
3 c. brown sugar
IL lemon
3 pods of red pepper
3 C. vinegar
l tbsp. whole black pepper
l tbsp. whole cloves
1 tbsp. whole allspice
I tbsp. celery seed (crushed)
1 tbsp. mustard seed
l tbsp. ground mustard.
Slice the tomatoes and onions
thin. Sprinkle over them 1-2 c. salt
and let stand over night in a crock
or enamel vessel. Tie the pepper,
cloves, allspice and celery seed in a
cheescloth bag. Slice the lemon and
chop 2 pepper pods very fine. Drain
the tomato and onion we'll. Add all
seasoning except n pepper pod to
the vinegar, then add the tomato and
onion. Cook for 1-2 hour, stirring
gently at intervals to prevent burn
ing. Remove spice bag to prevent
darkening product. Pack in 10 OF.
jar and garnish with slender strips
of the red pepper, placing them YER
tically on the opposite sides of each
jar. Process for Is minutes.
The Tupelo journal., 1917-07-27

work and Atttala County is to have
a market day OF July 25th. These
market days" attract great crowds
of people, and offers a great %opportu-
nifty for the farmers or others to find
sale for any articles of commerce.
Let the good work go on.-Aberdeen
Examiner.
The Tupelo journal., 1917-07-27

tooth paste and other toilet articles.
Patent medicines. gia644
1Ickets and admissions to ball
games, theaters, cabarets and other
amusements.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1917-03-23
THOROUGH WORK
How Morris Citizens Can Find Free.
dom from Kidney Troubles

If you suffer from backache-
From urinary disorders
Any durable disease of the kid
neys,
Use a tested kidney remedy.
Doan's Kidney Pills have been
tested by thousands.
Grateful people testify.
Can you ask more convincing
proof of merit?
N. J. Nelson, prop. shoe store,
Main St., Wheaton, Mimi, says: For
more than two years 1 suffered from
distressing ache across my back.
Doan's Kidney Pills were recon-
mended to me as good kidney med
icine and 1 got a box After using
it had no further need to continue
taking the medicine. Doan's Kid
ney Pills cured me and I have had
no return of the trouble
Price soc, at all dealers. Don't
simply ask for a kidney remedy
get Doan's Kidney Pills-the same
that Mr.. Nelson had. Foster Mil
burn Co., Props, Buffalo, N. Y. IS
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1917-03-23
WEST DARNEN

A. J. Julius was in Morris Satur-
day afternoon.
Raymond Hessler arrived from the
cities last week
Ed. Bastin and family are moving
into their new home on the John
Grove farm this week Mr.. BowIin
of Ottuma, Ia, will live on the farm
vacated by Mr.. Bastin.
Mrs. John Ross spent several days
in Morris this week as the guest of
her sister, Mrs. Mumbleau.
Fay Dripps and Leo Rudnicki of
Morris, visited at the Kohl home Sun
day.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bowlin are rejoicing
over the arrival of a baby girl at
their home Tuesday night.
Helen Kohl, Eleanor Wiensch, Ed
ma Beimel and Florence Behl attend
ed the A. A. Drager sale north of
Morris Tuesday.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1917-03-23
Real Estate Transfers

Frank Block to Patrick E. McKil-
lip, Sc Il 35, Eldorado, 100000.
Rudolph Berreau to Edward Ber-
reau, 10 of VIZ swA; neA swA ;
neA seA; VIZ nwA; lots 3, 4, 5,
and 7, sec. %, Hodges, exc. 1 acre
in Sc corner Of lot 7, 81 other.
Central Trust Co. Tr. to James
G. Macarthur, lot 10, block 80, Han
cock, $500.
John Grove to Eliza E. DeCamp,
lot II, block 26, Morris, $25OO.0O.
J. B. Kopel to Citizens Bank; neN
Fl and swA seA 16, Donnelly, 81
other
Daniel A. Lundy to Elmer and
Bert Stark, Cont. for Deed, seA 10,
Everglade, $696O.OO.
John M. Lager to A. E. Anger,
VIZ sell and neA seA 10, Pepper
ton, 81 other.
Carl Schmidt to Martin Strom-
berger, nwA 25, Darnen, $14, 10000.
Nicholas Ulferts to Patrick E. Nc
Killip, VIZ 25, Eldorado, $25, 100000.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1917-03-23
Notice of Mortgage Forec1osure Sale

Notice is Hereby Given, That default
has occurred in the conditions Of that
of oF June A. b 1885, u made t executed anS
delivered by P. l.. Draper and Louisa
L. Draper his wife, as mortgagors, to
record in the office of the Register Of
Deeds in and for Stevens County, in the
State of Minnesota, on the 2nd day of
and recorded in Book So of Mortgage
records, on page 444; which said mort
gage was thereafter duly sold and as
signed by the said Loren D. Trip to
John F. Majerus by written assignment
dated the 18th day of December A. ID.
1915, and recorded in the office of said
D. 1917, at 11:30 o'clock A. M, in Book
70 of Mortgage records, on page 400:
that said default consists in the failure
to pay the interest due upon said mort
gage on the LIST day of March, A. D.
1917, and the failure to pay the sum OF
100000 of the principal debt secured
D. 1917; that said mortgage provides
that failure on the part of said MORT
pal or interest secured by said mort
gage shall authorize and empower the
holder thereof to Immediately. declare
the whole amount secured by said
payable; that by reason of the default
aforesaid the said assignee of mort
gage does hereby elect to declare and
does hereby declare the whole amount
secured by said mortgage to be now
due and payable, that there is accord
ingly due upon the said mortgage at
the date hereof the sum of $3656.30,
that no action or proceeding at law or
otherwise has ever been instituted to-
recover said debt, or any part thereof;
that by virtue of the power of sale con-
tanned in said mortgage and Herewith
recorded, said mOrtg gage will be fore
closed and the lands and premises
therein described, lying and being in
the County of Stevens, and State of
Minnesota, viz
The Southwest quarter of Section
Eighteen 0S), and the Northwest quart
er of the Northwest quarter of Section
Nineteen G9), Township One hundred
twenty-five (125) North of Range For
ty-one (4D, containing in all 1876 acres,
more or less, according to the y. S.
Government survey thereof, will be sold
to the highest bidder for cash, by the
Sheriff of said Stevens County, at the
front door of the Court House, in the
City of Morris, in the County of Stevens,
State of Minnesota, on the 5th day of
May A. D. 1917, at 10 o'clock in the
forenoon Of that day, to pay and satisfy
the debt secured by said mortgage, a
reasonable attorneys fee of Seventy
five dollars, and the costs and disburSe-
ments allowed by law upon such fore
closure and sale.
Dated March 22nd, 1917.
JOHN F. ~MAJERUS.
Assignee of Mortgage.
Geo. w. Beise,
Attorney for Assignee of Mortgage,
Morris, Minnesota.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1917-03-23
PEPPERTON

Mabel Rentz and Mrs. Emil Lemb-
Ike called on Mrs. Frank Andert Mon
day.
Mr.. and Mrs. Betty are enjoying
a visit from their daughter and her
husband.
Mrs. H. Bredy spent Monday af-
ternoOn with Mrs. VIM. Bach.
The directors of the Germania
Telephone Co. met Thursday night
at Alberta.
Frank Andert was grinding feed
for Emil Lembke and Oscar Hoyer
on Monday.
Ben King and Emil Gausman de-
cided to take ride on the snow pillow
Saturday but their ride proved to be
longer than they expected. The
snow pillow did not return and they
were forced to stay at Browns Val
ley until Sunday when as luck would
have it, the passenger train made
it's run to Morris.
The Alberta Stock Shipping Asso-
ciatin held a meeting in Alberta
Monday afternoon.
Mrs. Paul SchIatman and Mrs.
Louis Hoyer spent Thursday eve
ming with Mrs. Albert Andert.
Clarence Bach called on the bach
elOrs Sunday.
The sad news was received of the
death of Elmer RentZ, formerly of
Pepperton. His death was caused
by appendicitis and pneumonia
Emma and Ella Bredy visited at
Kate Heick's Monday afternoon.
Joe Safer and Louis Hoyer went
fishing Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs Frank Andert took
advantage of the nice weather Tues
day and made a trip to Morris.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1917-03-23
Village of Hancock
Village of DonnellY
School Premium Lists Out

The premium list for the indus
| trial contests for the schools of the
county are being printed this week
at the Tribune office. The contests
among the villages and rural schools
| is considerably more diversified this
year than ever before and cash prem
iums will be given in each instance.
Beside the usual premiums given
! to school children for exhibits in
grains, sewing, vegetables, canning
and cooking, the premium lists offers
prizes for certain kinds of work in
high schools and contests for village
or rural school alone.
The rules of the industrial con-
tests are as follows
All exhibits must be entered under
| proper class and lot number.
The name of the exhibitor must
not appear on the article.
All exhibits must be in place at
least one day before the opening day
of the fair.
All work exhibited must have been
produced since the last county fair.
All grain and vegetables exhibited
must be selected from the current
years crop.
All entries must be properly
tagged by the exhibitor.
Each school exhibiting must put
up and take down it's own exhibit
and furnish delegate to take charge
of same while under exhibition.
The County Fair Board cannot be
responsible for articles lost or stolen.
There will be no special premiums
awarded.
In taking down an exhibit care
should be taken to so attach the pre-
MUM tag to the entry tag, together
with the lot number, class number,
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1917-03-23
RUSSIAN Peasants, Lana.

Land belongs not to individual peas
ants i'll Russia, but to the village as a
whole. 1t can be redivided every
twelve years at the wish of a majority
Of tWO-thirds.
This and all other local questions.
such as the incidence of taxation, are
settled by village meetings, consisting
Of the heads Of houses, where age nat
uraNy has a performance.
A decision which carries a majority
of twO-thirds is by law of the empire a
legal sentence" Of the village.
The village elects it's own village
elder, who is responsible for the call
ing of meetings, and at certain seasons
Chat Of haymaking) these meetings
take place as often as once a week.
The large mouth black bass is
known by fifty-three different names;
the small mouth has fOrty-fye names
given to it.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1917-03-23
Advertisement for Building State Roads

Notice is hereby, given that sealed
bids will be received at the Office of the
county t Aud1 T OF me county OF stew
S SIe, a. IGt Iouc9 house IN the City OF
ocIni' 0n M 91tt f unIlI
CLOCK LOCK a. ~. APr9 zISJ, l9dI' Tor Dulld-
ing the following described State Roads:
Job No. 1902, State Road No. 2, in
Sections 2 and IL, Township 124, Range
AZ, length 1.23 miles.
Total Excavation 1852 Cubic Yards.
Total Turnpiking 1900 Lineal Feet.
Job No. 4. State Road No. H. Sonth
line Section "a, Township i24 Ranon
40 1anoth n O y,1i1o A'' A''11s
Totai Excsvation e722 Cnbio Words
Reinforced Soncrete EniJerte al 90 90 GO
Cubic Yards :" O''00
Jo6 NO. l. STATE Road No. D. from n.
". corner Sectlon IL, TOWnshIp IA,
TSSange IS 70 >. w. CORNER section 81
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1917-03-23

John Buckley made a business trip
to Morris Wednesday.
Miss Lena Groskruetz visited with
Miss Mile Tuesday.
Chas. Hanson made a business trip
to Morris Friday evening.
J. A. Schultz and Joe Ludwig Wis
tied at the Wilson home Sunday.
Miss Lucille Larson visited with
Palma Norby Wednesday evening.
Geo. Fougeron went to Browns
Valley Monday, returning Tuesday.
The Ladies' Club report a very
pleasant meeting with Mrs. Cal
Foster Thursday
c. J. Morse expects to leave for
Havre, Montana, shortly where he
will spend the summer.
H. Zimmerman has been advertis-
ing a dance to be given in the west
side hall Easter Monday, April 9th.
A letter from A. F. Stangor of
Arlington, Mimi, states that he is
highly pleased with his new place
but cannot forget Alberta.
H. j. Braun took several pictures
of engine 189 as it came in from the
west Sunday morning covered with
snow from top to bottom.
Now is the time to have your har-
nesses oiled and repaired, as time
for spring work will soon be here.
Bring them to F. L. Spaulding, AL
berta. adv3t.
Joe Ludwig sold his team to E. H.
Smith this week. Joe is giving his
entire and undecided attention to
the store business and has no use for
a team at the present.
There were four trains in town at
one time Thursday evening of last
week and to offset that overflow
there were no more trains of any
description until Sunday morning.
Bring your harness in and have it
oiled in Neatsleine oil, the best har-
ness oil made, for soc per set. Salts
faction guaranteed or money refund
ed. F. L. SpauIding, Alberta, Mimi
Gilbert GuIbranson had made ap-
plicatiOn to the G. N. to enter the
train service. Gilbert has had a
favorable reply from the company
and may be called on to go to work
within a short time.
P. H. Foley has been remodeIing,
painting and papering the interior of
the hotel Alberta. Mr.. Foley has been
taking an active part in the work
himself and shows that he done it
before. He expects to be through
this week
Miss Bertha Hack visited with
Mr.. and Mrs. P. H. Foley Sunday.
In the evening progressive whist was
INDUCED in and Miss Hack made a
very favorable showing as a whist
player adding to her many known
accomplishments.
A. F. Frieck of Wilton, Nebraska,
has arrived with his household eff
fects and is getting located on the
Prickett farm where he will farm
the coming season. Mr.. Prickett
will farm the place recently vacated
by ]. c. Hamilton.
A. Gerber, manager of the Geib-
Carl Lumber Co., is comfortably 10
Gated in the Foley house on the east
side. Il am getting cIimated here
and am we'll satisfied with the place."
says Mr.. Gerber in a private convers-
alton with one Of the news faculty.
Fred Andert, for many years man
ager Of the Alberta Stock Shipping
Association, shipped a car of cattle
and hogs to South st. Paul last
Thursday. Mr.. Andert shipped nine
steers of his own raising and got the
top market price for them. Mr.. An
dert's nine steers netted him an even
eleven hundred dollars. II may have
realized more to keep them longer"
says Mr.. Andert, but taking feed
prices into consideration I decided to
sell and got top market"
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1917-03-23
HOW's This ?

We offer One Hundred Dollars
Reward for any case of Catarrh
that cannot be cured by Halls
Catarrh Cure.
F. J. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, o.
We, the undersigned. have known F. J.
Cheney for the last Is years, and believe
him perfectly honorable in all business
transactions and financially able to carry
out any obligations made by his firm.
Toledo, o.
Halls Catarrh Cure is taken internally.
acting directly upon the blood and ma
sent free. Price rs cents per bottle Sold
by all Druggists.
Take .H8HR Family Pills for constipation.