davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15
FOOD VALUE OF MILK.

A New York authority contends
that one quart of milk is equal in
food value to any one Of the follow.
ing:
Three-quarters Of a pound Of beef
steak.
Three fifths of a pound of ham.
Four fifths Of pound of pork
chops.
Eight eggs.
Three pounds of fresh Goldfish.
One pint of oysters
Two pounds Of chicken.
BY comparing the prices of the
articles named one may arrive at a
fairly accurate value Of milk as a food
at present prices. From this it
would appear that milk, even at the
present price, is one of the most eco
nom ical foods as well as one Of the
best.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15

rect revenue from them. BY feeding
these crops to i've stock, valoeble
products that can be exchanged for
cash are Obtained. At the same tiEe
the manure produced by the sninals
retains very large percentage Of the
fertfli1ing value OF the feed. For this
reason /: Is more economical to feed
than to pillow under without feeding,
and the most practical source Of humus
is table manure.
The farmer with live stock is from
one point of view manufacturer. He
takes lean, unfinished animals and
grain or forage as his raw materials
and by combining them produces beef,
mutton, pork, and dairy products Like
all manufacturing this process must
be conducted with skill and intelli-
gence il 1t il to pay. but il the farmer
possesses these qualities he derives a
larger profit than he could obtain
through the sale Of crops and animals
in the raw state. Furthermore there
are many products on the farm which
bring little or nothing on the market.
They can. however. by ski,lful manage
ment be made to assist in the produc-
ton OF meat The thrifty farmer
makes use in this way Of all roughage
on his farm that would otherwise be
unsalab BILE. The cornstalks go into the
silo or into the shock as cut fodder.
The straw and coarse hay are utilized
to the last unit OF energy value. Land
that cannot produce marketable crops
Is made to yield a certain amount of
sustenance for hogs and sheep.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15

come will tend to become breeding cen
tr.outed through the surrounding
country for breeding purposes on those
farms on which only limited amount
of I've stock is kept The production
of f,urebred animals Is a highly spe-
ciafized business, and only the most
skilled animal hushandmen can make
q zJn2ees of Il.
Tho fifth junction which Mr.. Rom
mel ascribes to live stock on the farm
Is mot 80 directly connected with prob
leM,s OF income but It is nevertheless Of
vital Importance. Experience has
sjsoWh that nothing tends more strong
IL 20 create and maintain an interest
in farrn life among boys and girls than
the care Of animals 1t is essential to
the continued prosperity Of this coun-
try that yo"nE people should be en-
couraged TO make farming their voca-
tion hi NE. Those who have devoted
themselves 10 this work have found
that among their most effective aids
are the poultry, calf. and pig clubs.
To the grown farmer the keeping Of
live stock Is Indirectly of value because
its successful production requires the
adoption of systematic, businesslike.
and sanitary methods. No kind Of
farming, says the author, calls for
more business sense than livestock
farming.
That the neglect of live stock re-
suits in increasing the cost of living on
the farm and in lowering the standard
of that living is fact we'll known to
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15
THE cocoANuTs THREE EYES.

Who can tell why the cocoanut has
three eyes? Luther Burbank explains
it this way:
Cocoanuts generally grow at the
edge of the sea or rivers. The nuts
are surrounded with thick fusk with
a. waterproof covering SO that when
they drop into the water they will
float. In floating, the three eyes are
always on top.
Once in the water Nature gets busy
From one of the eyes there comes d
shoot which develops broad leaves like
sails. The wind catches the sails and
watts the cocoanut on journey some.
times many miles long. AS it sails the
other two eyes develop roots which at
first grow among the fibres of the
woody husk. 4
In good season, the cocoanut Is
swept upon another shore, perhaps on
another island. The roots imbed
themselves in the soft earth, the sail
becomes the trunk, and a cocoanut
palm is growing where none grew be-
fore-Philadelphia North Ameri-
can"
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15

n there is a good spring or creek,
safe and clean, on the farm, or fiow-
ing well below which little slope may
be found. together with an over supply
Of water from the we'll it is not a hard
matter to put in an equipment for run
ming water for the house, barns and
other farm buildings by the use OF a
hydraulic rari
In installing a farmhouse water
apply, any hand pump Of force type
may be used. Since so much more
water is used through a faucet than
from a pail, having to pump by hand,
usually puts the veto on house sys-
tom depending on hand pumping. A
gas engine or windmill will also work
In any system, pumping air or water.
or both.
But in the case of spring, creek or
overflow we'll water. a hydraulic ram
Is we'll worth consideration. A ram
VIII coet from eleven to twen4y-four
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15
MONEY IN LARGE CROPS THIS
YEAR.

There appears to be a world wide
demand for food stuffs Prices for all
staple crops are high and promise to
continue above the average level for a
year or more. The promise OF profits
from growing farm products was never
stronger than at present
The worlds needs and the possibl
profits, together, should stimulat tie
farmers to their best effort in produce
ton. No chances that can be avoided
should be taken on securing good
crops.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15
PATRIOTISM.

ITO hasten the close Of the war, we
must. feed the people in the armies
The Mrmefs are doing everything pos
sible and the people of the towns
should assist by avoiding waste and ex-
travagance. They should make gardens
not only in their backwards, but in their
front-yards as well. and on vacant lots.
They should organize garden clubs, in
Guiding women and children. and grow
enough to supply their needs not only
through the summer, but through the
winter. They can do this by intensive
effort
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15
TERRACING LAND TO PREVENT EROSION
Washing Soil Slipping Stopped
Lessened BY Shaping Fddgessyterns

When broad base level-rfdge ter
races are constructed. the portion OF
the field between the terraces is left At
its original slope. Ridges with bases
at least 10 feet wide and heights Of at
least u feet are thrown up at inter
walls to stop and hold surface w8ker.
These ridges run across the face Of a
hill or completely around it at exactly
the same level. They therefore wind
about on contour lines, turning closer
into the hill at depressions and farther
out when shoulders are encountered
The ridges, if not carried completely
around hills, may be brought to IN end
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15
HOUSE PLANTS.

Blooming plants ought to be re-
potted each year; ferns and palms
every three years, as a rule. The pot
must not be too large for the plant if
you wish it to bloom heavily. Crowd
ing the roots slightly increases the top
growth. flowers and foliage. This Is
called forcing" a plant. It has a
tendency to weaken the plant as a
whole, and should not be permitted
for any length of time. Keep the pot
full of roots, but not so full that they
show at the top or push through the
hole at the bottom. Yellow leaves
mean too much water; brown leaves
mean drouth.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15

which will permit efficient removal OF
the water. A fan Of y foot per 100 feet
safe grade. The ridges OF Mangum
terraces may slope at q uniform rate
or may be variably graded. In the
latter case the grade is Increased ut in
tervals along the terrace to accomnao-
date the continually Increased DIS
charge from the enlargtng drainage
area. 1t Is customary. thezefore. to
construct these ridges with practically
no fail for the first hundred or two
hundred feet and gradually to increase
the fan at intervals of several hundred
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15
LIVE STOCK NECESSARY IN AGRICULTURE
Reasons Are Here

Seven reasons Why the keeping Oh
live stock il essential to sonnd agrtcni-
ture are described by George n. Rom
mel, AZ follows:
% The maintenance Of snA fer
tifity, CD the utilisatior Of raw mate
rial. 90 the need Of motive power on
the farm, 90 cash income, 80 the
added attractivenees Of a farm on
which there is live stock. 90 tho train
ing in business sense obtained BY Keep
ing animals. Cd and better and more
economical living for the farm family.
To maintain sell fertility, says Mr.
Rommel, humus IL necessary. This
can be obtained from two sources
green crops pfowed under. or harm
yard manure. When green crops are
plowed under. however. there p no d.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15

While in cteses and factories me-
chanical power is coming into mare
and more general use, on the farms Of
the country the horse and the mule
are still the chief reliance. The proper
breeding, maintenance, and employ
ment Of these animal engines is prob
lem Of the greatest importance to the
farmer.
As source of cash income, the
keeping Of live stock in many sections
II what Is known az specially busi-
nesA In dairy districts 1t is the main
activity. and every phase of farm man
agement IL determined by its interests.
Where the principal purpose Of live
stock feeding, however, y to maintain
soil fertility, farms which rely on live
steck for the main source Of their in
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15

an agricultural authorities. For ex.
ample. the annual meat bill of farmers
Tor some States il, enormous. TIE meat
purchases are made largely on credit
and the proceeds of the years crop are
mostly consumed in meeting debts in
CURED during its production. This
practice is obviously an.agunistic TO
thrift and proper prosperity The pro-
duction of homegrown food DOES NOT
involve in the least the Imita ton Of
the crop output Of the farm. 1t sim
ply requires planning and little more
careful management. A cow or two
to furnish the family with milk. butter,
and cheese. and flock Of chickens to
furnish poultry and eggs. will, do much
to make farm fare more healthful and
cheaper.
In addition to the above advantages
of keeping live stock are the facts that
live stock on the farm provide a home
market and q means Of utilization Of
farm roughage, some OF which might
be wasted If not fed. and the use Of
pastures which could not be employed
prof1ta bly, in any other way. Live sock
also afford ready home market for
certain other crops, which at times
distances to be sold. Finally. the pres
ence OF ike stock on the farm gives
productive employment throughout the
year to labor which at certain seasons
might otherwise be idle. Live stock
also gives some interest on capital in
vested on equip ment which would pro-
duce nothing If not utilized at all sea-
SONS The fertilizing value Of manure
also must be considered. When these
factors are taken into consideration.
even though there appears to be little
or no profit as shown by cost figures
it is believed that in moseinstances the
farm income is greater because of cat
tie having been Kept on the farm. The
keeping of live stock, therefore, is to
be recommended on farms having large
quantities OF cheap roughage available
or having land which can be best ut-
lized as pasture.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15

Many OF the farms Of the country
which are being ruined gradually OF
rapidly by the washing away OF sol
from slopins fields and cultivated hill
sides may be saved and kept in a cul-
tivabfe condition by the use of terraces
Terraces make possible either the
holding Of the rich, easily eroded sur
face soil In place. or else limit It's
movement to short distances from
which it can be thrown back by p'ow-
ing. Various systems of such terrac-
ins are now in use in the United States.
While terracing has been success
fully employed in the United States on
fields sloping as much as 80 feet to the
100 feet, and is practiced in Europe
and Asia on even sleeper grades. the
Department of Agriculture does not rec
ommend the use of terraces on slopes
greater than 20 feet to the 100 feet,
with a view to making the land avail
able for cultivation. Hilisdes with
slopes greater than 20 feet to the 100
feet should be seeded for pasture or
planted to timber.
The purpose of terracing is 50 to
shape the land in fields with pro-
Of draining from top to bottom Of the
incline, wearing guilies and washing tho
fertile top soil entirely from the field,
wifi be confined either to nearly level
zones or else to strips Of sloping land
having relatively small area The theory
Of terracing is that the water accumu-
lating in these restricted zones is re-
strained so that much Of it soaks into
the soil. while the surplus is carried
away at reduced velocity along the ter
races and disposed Of where it will do
no damage.
The original system Of terracing
which is used almost exclusively in
Asia, and to a great extent in Europe,
is series of benches separated by al
most perpendicular rises. Water usu-
ally is prevented from flowing over the
edges Of the benches by small ridges
or shoulders. Bench terraces are clas-
SIZED as sloping or horizontal, accord
ing a. they have or have not slope be-
tween rises In both cases the rises
are abrupt. Horizontal bench terraces
are little used in the United States, but
slipping bench terraces are common.
With these two types Of terraces there
IL HkuCH Waste IdnU On TIC 16C6 Oh inc
rises and near the edges and It is i'm
practicable to get heavy farm machin-
cry from one bench to another. These
are recommended only when 1t is
necessary to cultivate slopes approach
ing 30 per cent.
Wherever conditions permit, what Is
known ~ the broad-base level-ridge
terrace system should be used. Under
this system there is no waste of land
and no surface movement of water
from the zones, and farm machinery
may be Transferred from terrace to ter
race with little difnculty. Such ter
races may be used to best advantage
on fseDds with open, pervious soils and
With slopes up to Is per cent. When
carefully designed. constructed, and
maintained. however, this system of
terraces can be used on any soil and
on slopes somewhat greater than Is
per cent.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15
USE CARE IN SETTING.

When tomato plants are being set
we are careful to do the setting just
right. Water is always poured around
the roots and then the soil Is fiYled In
closely, with little dry earth to top.
This prevents drying out OF the
soil. Plants are set so that about
half of the stalk Is covered with soil
When transplanted in this manner
they do not wilt no matter how WARM
and dry the weather happens to be.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15
PRUNING.

In pruning OF limb cut it close TO
the main branch or body Of the tree to
which 1t is attached. II knot IL left
the wound viii not quickly heal over;
II cut close SC as to leave no knot. the
new growing layer can quickly close
over the wound. The wounds heal bet
ter II cut with sharp knife or keen
saw A ragged wound made with .
dun tool dries ont and heals less rap
Idly.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15
PREPAREDNESS.

The first of the safeguards is good
seed. Only carefully cleaned seed of
strong terminating qualities should be
sown. The grains should be given the
formaldehyde treatment for smuts,
seed potatoes should be carefully Sc
lected and treated for scab and other
diseases. seed corn ought to be tested.
pure grass seed sown, and every pre-
caution taken to avoid failure to get
stand.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15
Hog Transfer and Oiler

The door of this transfer has a can
of OH or dismfectant on the upper side
and layer Of felt on the lower side.
When the door is tilted the on or dis
infectsnt flows from an opening, near
the upper end Of the can. to the felt
and thence on the back of the next hog
that passes through.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15
THE OLD CANES.

Remember that the fruit of rasp-
berries, biackberries, etc, is borne on
wood of last years growth. hence
pruning should not be done until after
the bushes are through fruiting except
to remove dead or old wood and to
thin the canes.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15
PLANT LICE.

Use a solution Of whale oil soap.
Dissolve one pound Of the soap in a
gallon Of boiling water and then dilute.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15

A Towering plant. according to scien-
fists. abstracts from the soil 200 times
its own weight In water during its life.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15

The harro~s should be kept close on
the trail Of The plows 10 puiverize the
clods before they get hard.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15

Seedlings should> have plenty Of air
and sunlight to keep them stocky.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15

Social intercourse is broadening and
necessary.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15

The black currants are thrifty and
vigorous Of growth.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15

Experience IL good teacher but
time Ii the principal Of all teacherA
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-05-15

sheep make good helpers on farm.
Evening star., 1917-05-16
SHACKLETON IS TO TELL
OF PERILS OF ANTARCTIC

Sir Ernest H. Shackleton. the famous
English explorer, will address the
members of the National Geographic
Society tomorrow afternoon and even
ing. May IT. at 4:30 and S:15 o'clock
in Memorial Continental Hall.
Sir Ernest's subject will be "Perils
of the Antarctic" and he will recount
the thrilling adventures and almost
unbelievable hardships which fell to
the lot OF his expedition which set
out in 1914 to cross the Antarctic con-
tinent. The explorers hopes were
wrecked with his ship. which foundered
In the Antarctic ocean. and he and his
crew Of twenty-one men made their
way in an open whaleboat to Elephant
Island. where they dug a cave in the
perpetual ice. Here they established
winter quarters. But the outside world
had to be appraised Of their where
abouts, otherwise rescue would have
been impossible.
Ernest set out in the dead of winter
to cross 500 miles of storm-tossed, ice
fncrusted sea in a cocklesheu of a
boat. He reached New Georgia Island
after encountering the most terrible
hardShfps, and from there worked his
way to the Falkland Islands and later
to South America. He fitted out three
expeditions to go to the rescue of his
marooned companions. Two of the eX-
not strong enough to breast their way
through the endless icefioes. but the
third accomplished it's purpose and the
explorer flashed back to civilization
the laconic, "All saved; all we'll Shack
leton"
His address will be accompanied by
stereopticon pictures.
Evening star., 1917-05-16
SHAD BAKE SOUVENIRS
FOR BOARD OF TRADE

Thirty different souvenirs arc to be
distributed to members of the Wash
ington Board of Trade who go on the
annual shad bake of the organization
to Occoquan, Va, Saturday.
Members of the committee on souve-
Mrs which is still at work in their
efforts to arrange for even more tro-
phies, are: Charles F. Crane, chairman; |;
Clarence r. Ahalt, vice chairman; l..
Pierce Boteler. secretary: J. c. Bowery.
Harry f. C1afiin. Samued NJ Darragh,
Otto ]. DeMoll, J. W. Babson. J. Ernest
Dulin, George II. Emmons. jr.: Merrill
P. Galliher, E. C. Graham, Thomas
Grant, George W. Harris, William H.
Lanham. William Reed Macgil. D. NJ.
Lea. c. B. Lyddane. Charles II. Pardoe,
H. Glenn Phelps and Henry w. Samp-
son.
The committee on parking OF auto
mobiles, consisting of Rudolph Jose,
chairman: Robert McMurray and James
L. Owens. has been assured by Mai.
Raymond w. Pullman. superint endent
of police, that a detail of police will
be stationed at the wharf to guard
the machines until their owners return
from the outing.
The property committee, which has
charge Of the "accouterments" for shad
baking and other essential features, is
busy clearing up details This group
includes Charles Fl. Pardoe. chairman
+. J. Leesnitzer. vice chairman; Will
liam "A. Rogers, George Hutchinson,
Phil c. Arth, Clarence r. Ahalt, ]. C.
Arneth, j. Ernest Dulin and S. d. Fra
zier.
Evening star., 1917-05-16
GETS GIFT OF STiCKPIN
FORMED OF "PINT0" BEAN
Senator Jones Recipient of Utility
Ornament Emphasizing Il. G. of
L. in New Mexico.

A few months ago some newspaper
humorist suggested that in view of the
soaring price of beans these once-on-a-
time commonplace products might be
expected to abandon their normal func-
tion as foundations for Boston baked"
with pearls, diamonds and the other
precious stones. The suggestion caused
smiles at the time, but it has remained
for citizens Of New Mexico to make 1t
an accomplished fact.
Senator Jones of New Mexico has re-
bean, such as Is grown by the millions
of pounds by New Mexican dry farmers.
The bean is mounted in gold and makes
handsome and unique ornament. Ac-
companying the pin was a letter from
NJ. r. Gonzales, county agricultural
stated that in view of the present price
of legumes they were deemed good ma
terial for the jewelers. use.
Last year 22,000.000 pounds of these
beans were grown on the dry farms of
New Mexico" Mr.. Gonzales wrote. This
year we are trying to double that
amount, for there is no better food for
the soldier or the civilian than the
bean, and we believe there is no better
bean than the New Mexican pinto.
Should our senator, even for moment,
show his interest in our efforts to give
this little spotted bean a place In his
cravat, our farmers, learning OF the
honor bestowed upon it. would get busy
and raise the largest and best crop of
pintos in the history of New Mexico or
break something in the effort"
The pinto bean is a little larger
than the ordinary navy bean and gets
its name from the fact that it is COW
cred with little brown spots, the word
pinto" in Spanish meaning painted or
spotted.
Evening star., 1917-05-16

Cynthia A. Greene, II years. 1o street north
east.
northwest.
Pathe I. Truett, so years. 1870 II street
northeast.
FrankIh Z. Davis. 10 years. 7o5 9th stree.
southeast.
Elizabeth D. Kirchelt, ss years. :l33 1 street
northwest.
Richard II. Mcclure. 90 years, 3o2 Maryland
avenue northeast.
Joseph Lnnane. 35 years. Emergency Hospital.
Arnold Hague. II years. 1874 I street north
west.
Donato Baccabeiio. 0 months, AZ street north
west.
Infant of Frederick J. and Lulu n Courtney,
hours, Garfield Hospital.
James Schools. SO years. 9I6h Liberty street
southwest,
George W. Smith. 81 years. 422 I street north
west.
Bertha Dowdy. "a years. Freedmen's Hospital.
Agnes Cooper. 16 days, Freedmen's Hospital