davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
The Prehistoric Tickle

great menace to life, and when only those
individuals which evolved an effective de-
fence were able to prevail.
Another type of tickle reflex is elected
By deep pressure in the ribs, the loins or the
soles of the feet. The reaction is a violent
discharge of laughter, with cries for mercy.
In the Middle Ages victims of torture were
often killed by prolonged tickling. The
tickle areas have always been the points
most frequently attacked by savage beasts.
Children and young animals at play in
variably recapituate the fight msneuvres OF
their ancestors by attacks in ticklish spots
Playful puppies in frolic lie fiat on their
backs, with their legs appraised. They fight
playfuly and in self-defence, while the one
on top pummels and claws the other in neck
and ribs in a playful effort. to excite him,
the mimic contest not infrequently termi-
mating in real fight, in which the same
parts are vigorously attacked.
The relation of tickling TO laughter is an
interesting feature of this reflex Just
now il is sufficient to note that there is no
laughter in response to tickling by an insect,
but boisterous laughter on stimulation OF the
deep ticklish areas. The expenditure OF en-
ergv in each case is proportional to the
phvlogenetic demand of the original condi-
ton which gave rise to the reflex. Indeed
each type of the tickle reflex is an excellent
example of q specific response to SPECIFIC
eXcitatioa."
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
The Cattle Supply of
the w Orld

TN FRANCE the stock fell in the first
year of the war from well over A.
100000 head to little over 100000.
The supply of Great Britain, Italy and
Germany has naturally been decreased, but
we have no exact figures. II goes without
saying the reconstruction Of adequate
stocks in all the belligerent countries will
be a question of years, and will entail large
and continued importatons after the end
Of the war.
Of the countries Of supply the Argentine
Republic takes the lead, with its herd Of
10000, 900 head Of horned cattle in 1908.
Since then the number has remained sta
tionary, but there are, no doubt, large
possibilities of increasing the production,
above all, in the eastern sections Of the
country, which are sparsely inhabited.
Canada and Australia, with 100000
and 11,500,000 head, respectively, and
New Zealand, with 100000, continue to
export largely, but care will be necessary
to prevent undue depletion of stock
through the present huge demands.
Among the countries likely TO come 70
the fore in the future, Brazil is probably
to be placed in the front rank Of all, the
plateaus Of the southern interior offering
exceptional advantages. The stock OF
horned cattle is said to have already
cached s0,000,00 head, and cattle rearing
is being widely encouraged by the govern
ment. The states of Sac Paulo, Rio
Grande do Sui and Rio de Janeiro have
with great success, installed meat freez'
ing plants.
Among the French colonies Madagascar
and French West Africa will soon be cap
able of sending large supplies Of frozer
meat to the mother country.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19

TIME tickle is a relic of prehistoric
perils, according to DR.. George w.
Grille, the distinguished surgeon,
in his new volume, "Man--An Adaptive
Mechanism" DR.. Crile's "kinetic theory"
is an attempt to apply Darwin's evolu-
tionary theories to medicine and surgery.
His studies show the various discharges
of bodily energy by which the organs Of
the body protect themselves. The external
studies include an analysis of ticklish-
ness. DR.. Grille says:
at is more strange than appears at first
glance that the tickle reflex can be excited
only in certain parts of the body, by but
two types of tactle impression, and that 1t
is invariably accompanied by sef-pro-
tectve reaction. One type of the tickle re-
flex is elected by light, running motion on
the surface Of the skin, which produces a
sensation like that produced by crawling
insect, with an irresistible desire 10 scratch
or rub the affected part. sharp impact
causes pain, but if the adequate stimulus OF
contact which Stimulates the crawling Of an
insect be applied again and again in the
same spot ii will cause each time the same
tickling sensation. This reflex was undoubt-
eddy developed at time when insects were
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
Tapping Alaska for Naval Coal

TIME United States has not embarked
upon railroad building in Alaska
without a dual purpose, economic
and naval. The coaling Of the Pacific fleet
has always presented a problem, Tor
which oil-burning engines have been sug-
gested as one remedy. The government,
however, has gone out after a fat pocket
CT coal in the heart Of Alaska. This will
be made more accessible than is any pres
ent source Of coal. "The Official Bulletin"
authorizes the use Of the adjoining map
and contributes this information:
"on March 70, 1914, the Alaskan railroad
'e' was approved by the President. This act
authorized and directed the President 20 To-
cate a railroad in the Territory Of Alaska
not 70 exceed IN the aggregate 1000 miles.
he purposes Of the road, as set forth in that
aet, we're az follows:
81 To connect one or more Of the open
faeifc Ocean harbors on the southern coast
OF AlsSks with the nsyigable waters in the
Interior.
q To connect with the coal fields 80 as
cultural and mineral or other resources.
q To provide transportation Of coal for
zoe army and navy, transportation Of troops
@0hi'ions Of war, the mails, and for other
s'7srninsntsl and public uses, including the
Esa'pertstion Of passengers and freight
The main line Of the road Is now under
construction from Seward. on the Pacific
s'"i inland for 40 miles 20 FAIRBANKS, on
. vs. Isnsns River, a large and nayigabls
"'0'ary Of the Yukon. There Is now In
Vp'ra'ion $50 miles. The accompanying map
'aosi The line Of the road.
ne road taps two large coal fields, the
a,'"au'ks and me NenAna. II 10 estimated
~ The present rate Asnnusks coal can
essi'srsd for the needs Of the navy and
t'nsrsl use on the Pacific Coast In the
''hJ Sumner Of 1915"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
Defying w ound
Infection
THE demonstration of the value OF
\ chloramine paste in wound asepsis

TIME demonstration Of the value OF
chloramine paste in wound asepsis
is the latest contribution to the
science of conserving life by the Rocketei-
Ter Institute for Medical Research, OF
which DR.. Simon Flexner is the head. Dr.
Alexis Carrel, the distinguished Franco
American surgeon, who has done almost
rs much to save human life as Hindenburg
has done to destroy it, is the actual demon
strator of the extraordinary value of this
new antiseptic treatment The latest bull
letin from the institutes field laboratories
under DR.. Carrel in France gives US these
details of chloramine paste:
"The chloramine paste is designed to main
tain in an aseptic condition wounds which
have already been disnfected, or to sterilize
slightly infected wounds. 1t should only be
applied to wounds which yield small quaint
ties of secretion, have little or no necrotit
tissue. and little or no infection. Neutral
sodium oleate is poured onto the wound and
the surrounding skin from flask with
small opening. The granulations, the epr
thelial edges, and the skin are gently swabbed
with a piece of absorbent cotton attached 10
E. forceps.
"The chlorsmine paste should be applied
only under the conditions specified in our
experiments; that is, in connection with
moderately infected wounds which have been
carefully washed with sodium oleate and
possess but slight quantities Of secretion
Under these conditions, the chloramine paste
effects the complete disappearance of the
bacteria, and maintains the stcrility thus
secured for as long time as may be wished
Chloramine paste is not injurious to the It's
sues, for the cicatrization curves of the
wounds thus treated show but slight modif.
cation from the calculated curves. Chlora-
mine paste makes it possible, therefore, te
keep wounds sufficiently free from micro
organisms so that the effect Of substances
which are believed to influence cieatrization
can be studied"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
Artificial Limbs Made of Cardboard

of which the combined widths equal the
girth of the limb. These are soaked in
water until they can be bent round into the
requisite form, when the aforesaid starched
bandages are applied. The finished article
being hollow, il can be worn before the
stump Of the leg or arm has completely
healed; in fact this is often done within a
fortnight of amputaton. In the case OF
legs this invention obviates the need for
crutches.-Chamberss Journal.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
The Mystic Three" Has Also
Its Important Significance

"Prince Bismarck shared the thirteen
weakness, and indeed was rather specially
superstitious about numbers. Three was his
lucky one. He was Chancellor under three
snperors, received three titles of nobility,
vas responsible for three wars, and had three
children; and, according to the caricaturists,
had thee hairs on an otherwise bald head.
"There are various forms Of this three su-
Esrstition, one of the most Objectionable
rom housewives point Of view-being the
common belief Of servants that If they break
AZ article two more are sure 10 meet the
zane fate before the day is out. A certain
lady, unaequainted with this superstition, was
sItonished 70 see her Abigail open the back
door and deliberately smash jam pot on
The steps, afterward picking up the pieces
tnd throwing them into the dustbin. BY
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19

Few people would imagine that artificial
limbs could be made of such unlikely
material as cardboard. Yet this is being
done on a considerable scale, according to
the London correspondent of "The Man
chester Guardian" Legs and arms are cut
out from cardboard about three sixteenths
Of an inch in thickness and bound together
with bandages soaked in a solution Of
starch.
Two fat pieces Of cardboard are cut cut.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
Black Cats Are Esteemed
Emblems of Luck

"Black cats are lucky but nobody knows
why. Cats of all sorts were regarded with
reverence In ancient Egypt; but it is curious
that black-the sign Of mourning in Western
countres-should be associated with luck.
The Jam of Nawanagar cRanji' Of cricket
fame) had Partially for this superstition,
claiming that twice in succession the timely
appearance of a black cat had been instru-
mental in winning county match for Sussex,
as we'll as on other occasions.
"a rather common bit of psuedo-science is
the belief that for healthful sleep the bed
should be north and south. ! know man
who believes that he was cured of long stand
ing disease by changing his bed from its
former east-west position. Charles Dickens
whenever he left home for a night, always
took compass with him, so that he could
put his bed north-south.
"Other famous men have had their weak
nesses. Macaulay had superstitions about
stepping on this or that part of fsgstones OF
paving stones; Max Muller always carried in
his pocket a small coin with a hole in it, and
Lord Roberts was once credited (but in a
German newspaper with a fondness for a
horseshoe picked up near the Nelson Monu.
ment in Trafalgar Square, as well as with q
constitutional dread of cats.
"The superstitons connected with marriage
are legion. The most sensible one is "Happ,
the bride the sun shines on for fine weather
Is particularly welcome at times Of gorgeous
apparelling. But in some countries the bride
prays for rain, taking II as an omen that al
her tears are shed before marriage, which
shows the optimistic faith Of the female
heart in excelsis! Alas that she should some
times be disillusoned!"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
The Persistent and Ancient
Superstition About Is

$50 with superstitions. There is some sort
~ reason to begin with, usually mistaken
vuess: but this is forgotten, while the belief
remains For instance, take the thirteen at
fable superstition, which has spread TO thir-
teen Of anything-even 70 No. IL in street
or terrace. which often remains inlet the
landlord sometimes resorting TO the subter-
fuee of ia and 12B. The origin of this pref
pdiee against the number is usually supposed
n be the fact that thirteen persons sat down
q, the Last Supper, after which occurred the
most tragical event Of the Christian era. But
Il car be shown that of any thirteen people
taken at random--or any twelve or fourteen
either-it is an even chance that one will
die in about year. Quetelet pointed this out
in his Theory of Probabilities applied to po-
litical and moral science; but superstition
dies hard when it has a sort Of quasi-support
from facts.
Matthew Arnold was one of party Of
thirteen. and he died within the year. To
many people this would be convincing evil
dance Of the malefcence Of the number; but
he would have died all the same if there had
been fourteen Moreover, the thirteen super
uition is older than Christianity, for Hesiod
SAYS IL is unlucky to sow corn on the 18th Of
he first month.
HAnd there is an old Morse legend accord
ing tc which the twelve great divinities were
aining in Valhalla, when Loki, the god Of
discord, appeared, and quarrel with Baldur
ensued in which the latter-the god of peace
was killed. There is a similar belief in
India. The superstition languished in the
late Middle Ages, but had curious rejuvena-
ton in the last century. In many capitals
notably London, there were men who made a
living By hiring themselves out at moments
notice as guests at dinners where, owing to
scme disappointment, the number at table
would otherwise be thirteen.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19

vet always somehow a Ia models
l. interestingly treated by j. Arthur
,u IN "Chambers's Journal" He notes
that:
aNsn's curiosity is in excess OF his power
81, interpret and understand. Consequently
:. ,ussses. and when he guesses wildly and
!, seems to others, probably of later date
accurately. his guess is called a supersti-
iion.
aOvinr 70 the innate conservatism Of
,,,,an nature. a superstition will linger long
..,.r It's origin is completely forgotten and
.f,,r people have clearly seen that there is
- rational evidence for the thing believed.
T,;, applies to customs Of all sorts.
~, Is on record that in certain church
n. peasants we're in the habit Of bowling or
s,puaeeting when they passed a certain part
- the wall. None of them could give any
Jason. except that they had been taught to
Al. Even the oldest inhabitant had never
b.s,f of any reason, and did not think that
.,v was known 10 the previous generation.
:. mas inst a custom that had been handed
dawn But when some repairs came to be
.,ds and the wall was stripped of lime ii
vss found that painting of the Virgin Mary
had existed, and still fragmentarily existed,
., that place. 1t had evidently been covered
-, q, the Reformation; but the customary
obssance had been kept up even after every
one had forgotten the reason for 1t.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-08-19
Then There's Friday-th
Day Feared by Many

Lay cdrcd by IMany
"The Friday superstition has a religious
origin, having arisen because the Crucihxion
1t has been recognized as particularly un-
lucky by sailors. AS with all such supersti-
tions, men noticed when it came off, and
overlooked the miss when it did not But
with greater control of the elements, and
greater safety of travel-barring torpedoes-
the superstition has faded. Probably few
people now, even sailors, have much fear of
embarking on a Cunarder which sails on
Friday; and railway journeys are undertaken
on that day without hesitation. To many
millions Of people Friday is the luckiest day
of the week, for it is their wage day!
"The unluckiness of spilling the salt has
not been unanimously explained Some think
that it is because Judas IscaIiot seems to be
spilling it in Da Vinc's picture of the Last
Supper. Others think that it is because salt
is a symbol of incorruptbSity, and its spill
ing is therefore a sign of broken friendships
and general upsets Very superstitious peo-
pie will take a pinch of the split salt and
throw it over the left shoulder, which is sup
posed to avert the evil consequences of the
mishap The left shoulder is associated with
the devil, or ones evil genius, and the thrown
pinch is supposed to appease him.
There are some curious and very wide
spread customs, of superstitious nature,
about sneezing. Old country people will often
say God bless you' to the sneezer. The
Romans had a similar custom-'Jupiter pre-
serve you'll etc.-as Martial and other writers
show. The Greeks did the same, and the
custom was ancient even in the time of Aris-
totle, for he endeavors to account for it in
his Problems; but he evidently knew nothing
of its origin.
"The various knife superstitions are easily
applicable. 1t is unlucky to give knife to a
friend, because knives sever things, and might
sever friendship; but if he gives you half
penny in return the danger is avoided, for his
gift is a token Of continued affection. 1t is
unlucky to place ones knife and fork cross
wise on an empty plate, because it invites
crosses and misfortune, also recalling the
Christian symbol of suffering
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-05-21
RAILROADS BLAMED
FOR SHORTAGE Of
BITUM|NOUS COAL
There Is No Scarcity in Ground,
Federal Trade Commission Re.
ports Producers, However, Are
Partly at Fault.

by Associated Press.
Washington. May THE bituni-
nous shortage II blamed on the rail-
roads an a report today 10y the federal
trade commission Producers. Ivy TAX
ing advantage Of the inck of cars. are
charged with responsibility however.
Tor prevailing high prices.
There ~ no scarcity Of coal In the
ground" The report says. There IL
sufficient cont il the hituminous coal
mines now being operated. not only to
supply the present demand but also
To- supply "a greatly increased demand.
The country faces q serious sente
Of affairs In obtaining a commodity
which IL basic To practically cycr,l
form OF BE military aId Industrial
activity, the report says,
Under war time conditions. 81 may
become the duty OF the government To
take steps similar 20 those found nee
cssiry boy belligercnt European coun-
tries aud not only TO- regulate the dis
trihutiou of coal from the mouth 81
the milc to the ultimate consumer
but ais TO establish the prices.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-05-21
HOUSE IS HAVING A I
HEATED DEBATE ON
WAR TAX MEASURE
Proposal to Tax Raw Cotton
Loses Nc Decision Reached on
Mail Rate or Advertising Levy;
to be Discussed Tomorrow.

by Associated Press.
Washington. May 2i-An amend
ment To- tax raw cotton $3.50 "A bale
proposed by Representative Moore OF
Pennsylvania. was ruled out on a
point OF order IN the house today after
prolonged and heated debate Of the
war tax bill.
Another meeting Of the ways and
means committee today resulted In 40
definite decision ON second class mail
Rates or the advertising tax. Both
will Dee considered again tomorrow. a
new graduated second class mail zone
rate |proposai, ranging from a cent
and q half a pound in the first zone
Ia I've cents In the eighth. received
much consideration today in commit
tee. II Will he perfected and discuss
Sod again tomorrow.
\ proposal by Representative Kelly
81 Michigan to strike out the = per
cent tlN ON automobiles at the fac
tory was rejected by "a vote uf 50 20
Is Debate then bcgun on the Dorc-
mus amendment TO levy the tax only
ON manufacturers earning more than
5 per cent ON their capital stock.
Tho Doremus amendment was
adopted 90 Go o..
\ motion by Representative Gllett
OF Massachusetts. 10 eliminate the 3
per cent 'tN ou .hr gross factory sales
N motorcycles then was defeated 50
Go 90.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-05-21
.LANDHOLOERS OFFER
NO OBSTACLES TO
: PLAN FOR BIG CAMP
Most Of Them Seen by Col. Sellers
and Every One Approached Is
Ready to Throw Open Tracts
Boards Makeup.

Most Of the score Of land ur lease
holders whose properties lie within tho
area ~ the proposed training ground
FOR the division Of the national army
which Albuquerque hopes will be
ordered here by the government rave
readily promised 20 throw open their
tracts 70 the army There is TO be u
meeting OF the owners and lease
holders at the Commercial club tonight
called by the citizens committee in
charge ~ the camp project
Col. - X. b. Sellers. Of the COM
miitee. said today that he had seen or
telephones 60 most OF the owners and
lenseholders and not one had hesita.ed
20 place their lands Mt the disposal Of
the committee. Following Is q list ~
owners or %leasOrs. A. n McMiilen,
" e. pestreich. q. : White. Harr>
Leonard. Henry Otteus. T. Il Mackcr,
T.. r. Delaney. Mrs. Eusenia Irish
T.. \. Smith. ~ y Hammond. Mrs. w.
W D. Bryan. Clarence r. McNay ;.
A. Dale. W. n Springer. r. \. Stortg.
Mrs Nell 49,. Field. Miss Julia Lee.
j. a. suIlthcrs r. o. Archulc.a. or
lando Jones. Josef Givandan.
Plans are virtually complete for the
reception Of the army board on Thurs
day A subcommittee armed with data
viii meet the board AT Grants on their
way 20 town. ana when the army mon
&c. here everything viii Doe in readiness
for @ trip 90 the mesa.
Alderman clyde Tinclcy. appointed
a Subcommittee ~ oue FOR the pun
pose has arranged for lowering the
city FLAG at sunset as part of the pro-
gram of the afternoon. The Indian
school band VIII PLAY as the colors are
lowered. u De- hoped .o string new
flags along Central venue and 90 PM
small flags at eeery ornamental light
post con the venue in honor ~ th"
board.
on the board with Gen Harry a.
Greene are Lieut. Col J. NJ. Kennedy
of the medical corps Lieut. col NJ W.
Walker OF the engineering corps.
Licut Col w. H. Bertsch. 81 the quar-
ltermaster's department and Mai S.. y.
Ham. seventh infnntr9. l.. $ A.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-05-21
Y. NJ. c. A. Athletics

The lndoor baseball games at h
Y NJ. G.. A. Saturday proved 20 be
Some classy" baseball playing. In
the prep" league the LONELY White
sox were humbled By the Cubs TO the
tune OF 1s e 4.
The Little Giants continued their
winning streak and wailoped the Red
Six ~ 20 6 aud are now tied with
the cubs for hrst place.
In the Junior league the Hawks
continued their fast playing and held
on 10 first place without a defeat, by
trimming the Crows by the score OF
so TO 4. In the second game the ORR
oles managed 60 win over the EAGLES
BY m. close score Of ~ Co 30.