davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
Causes OF Skiddins.

II the brakes are adjusted unevenly.
SO that there is little more pressure
on one wheel than the other, and,
therefore, stops it little more, it will
cause skidding- Another cause may
come from giving the steering wheel a
little twist just as the brake is applied.
Occasionally, in an emergency stop, the
driver will give hasty glance behind to
see il = car is close upon him. The hands
follow the eye, il is said and this will
often give the slight twist that causes
the wheels TO slide.
Some cars will skid because the
weight is not balanced on the wheels;
that is there is TOO much weight on
front or rear wheels There is a re-
naarkable difference in cars in this re-
spect. and ii might be well before buy
ing a car 10 try il out on its likelihood
TO skid. says II. c. Brokaw, Z New York
expert
There are numerous designs of non
skid tires, and they do prevent, or de-
crease it to very large degree on
some cars While they help very much,
1t is not well to depend upon them en-
rirely- 1t is the general practice now
70 use non-skid chains. On muddy roads
they are a necessity, and on wet as
phait are almost essential. and
chains should be used under such cir
cumstances; but as they do cause ex-
cessive wear on the tires. they should
be used only when needed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18

club contests originated by the Chi
cago Automobile Club. and which are
semt-annual affairs between that or
ganization and the Chicago Athletic
Association. For the intercity contest
II liz expected that each city will enter
teams OF from five to ten cars, penal
ties being assessed for lateness, etc.
According to present arrangements
the intercity run for this year will be
a three-day affair. starting from Buff
falo early in August. A committee con-
sisting OF one representative from each
city entering is to be appointed, with
$. Il. Hibben of Chicago as chairman.
representatives of the following cities
nave pledged teams, and their commit
tee representatives are: indianapolis,
II. IL. Rice; New York, c. G. Sinsa-
bauSh: Detroit. w. S. Gflbreath Buff
falo. Dal Lewis
In addition 1t is expected that Bos-
ton. st Louis, Pittsburgh and Toledo
Will enter teams. Aside from those
mentioned representatives a the meet
Ing included Ray M owen, w e. Metz
ger and f. +. Moscovics
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
Mixed Concrete Put On.

Another macadam road built IN
1923 was given a different type OF
permanent surface in 1910. 1t carried
a heavy mixed traffic, which had about
worn il out, in spite of the work of
maintenance. In this case, one section
of the road was resurfaced with con-
crete made of asphalt, sand, small
broken stone and stone chips. The old
road was first loosened and enough
new broken stone, from three-fourths
to one and one-fourth inches in size,
was spread and rolled on it TO bring
the surface to the desired shape Inc
bituminous materials were then mixed
hot and spread over the road and roll
ed This surface was two inches thick
when finished. \ few cracks and holes
appeared in it, which were repaired at
a cost of about SO.
"A somewhat different method was
used on another section of the same
road After the old macadam had
been ioosened and brought to the
right surface with new broken stone,
il was covered with a mixture of as
phalt and broken stone. which was
about an inch thick after rolling. On
it was laid a hot mixture of asphalt.
small broken stone and sand. This
gave a final thickness of inches.
The total cost of each type Of con-
struction was about S1-24 per square
yarG.'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
RELIABILITY CONTESTS
MAY BE INAUGURATED
Teams From Major Cities to Compete
as Result of Meeting at Chicago
Automobile Club.

Reliability contests, in which teams
from the major cities will compete.
probably will be instituted this sum
mer as the result of a meeting held
last week at the Chicago Automobile
Club, which was attended by repre-
sentatives from automobile organiza-
lions of New York, Chicago, Indianapo-
lis and Detroit. as well as by Richard
Kennerdall, chairman of the contest
board of the American Automobile As
ISOLATION, and Alfred Reeves, general
manager of the National Automobile
Chamber of Commerce.
The contests will be like the inter
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
P0sTMASTERS COMMENDED.
War Department Refers to Recruit.
ing Work for the Army.

Much appreciation for the work
postmasters are doing as recruiting
agents for the army is expressed in War
Department statement
Indiana postmasters lead those Of
other states, with "A recruits to date
against ei for Georgia, IS for Oregon.
81 for Arkansas and 81 for New Jersey.
Smaller numbers were obtained in the
remaining states.
1T is believed" the statement says.
the postmasters are assisting the
preparation for national defense by
adm the recruiting service entirely
through motives of patriotism"
The S. premium paid by the depart
ment to postmasters for each accepted
applicant is deemed insufficient in
amount to explain the great interest
now being shown by postmasters in
obtaining recruits"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
TOURING IN VIRGINIA
UP TOD. c. MOTORISTS
Subscription Of $1,000 Needed to
Complete Chopawamsic
Swamp Road.

Whether National Capital motorists
shall do their spring touring in Nir-
ginia. enjoying a tour to Richmond, and
on into the mountains of North Caro-
lima. over a road free from toll charges,
and with only n District license tag. is
now squarely up to themselves, accord
ing TO officials of the A. A, A. District
of Columbia Club. which has worked
for nearly two years to bring about
this much to- be desired condition.
Working in opposition to extremely
adverse weather conditions, and sur
mounting the seemingly insurmount-
able task of building n tourable high
way through country, slipping. ragged
and Doggy - the Chopawamsic swamp
district of Virginia - the engineers in
charge of the work have gone steadily
and persistently forward. coming to a
halt now only through lack of sufficient
funds
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
Resurfaced With Brick.

The first of these roads is one hav-
| ing six inches of macadam put down IN
1902 and since carrying heaV! larW
traffic In 1910 about three-quarters OF
n mile was resurfaced with brick in the
; following manner; A concrete curb was
first built along each edge. The Old
macadam was loosened and forked over
so as to allow this fine material to WORK
down. New broken stone from three
fourths TO one and one-fourth inches III
size was then spread over the road, anu
a wet mixture of one part OF cement 10
two and one-half parts OF sanu was
spread over the stone. The ROAD was
then rolled until the mortar flushed 10 'he
surface. when it was allowed 10 stahu
for a few days for the mortar TO harden
"On this base was placed layer OF
sand one and one-half inches thick on
which paving bricks We're laid on edge
and the joints filled with very thln
mortar, called groUt' by engineers. rms
grout was applied late in the tan anc
was probably injured by the frost, lot II
under traffic and their edges became
rounded So, the surface of the road
was cleaned and covered with prep
aration OF refined tar. on which a thlh
coat Of sand was sprinkled This stop
ped the rounding of the edges OF the
bricks although the Surfacing has be-
come worn off in places. There are no
cracks in the pavement and II seems sooo
for many years with very little expense
for maintenance, whereas the ATTEMPT
TO keep the old macadam surface IL
good condition was not only very el-
pensive but not wholly successful. The
widening of the entertainments of the
old road. improving the shoulders ana
rebuilding the drives into the adjoin-
ing property, cost about p cents per
square yard. and the curbs and pave
ment cost S1.60.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18

figure of 1876, says a consular report
1t is. understood thar the greater part
of the machines imported into Arseu-
tina are of comparatively small t:pe.
designed particularly for country use
Small cars are becoming popular among
farmers, who find chem of great serv-
ice iii facilitating rural business Tho
increase in the use OF automobiles in
Argentina during the last five years is
shown by the following record OF In
ports: 1911, 2,i61 cars: 1912. 4,2S1. 1919,
5,li5: 1914, 2.1S5; 1915, 1,S41.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
AUTOMOBILE DELIVERIES.

The following recent deliveries have
been announced by local dealers:
Ungerer Motor Company-Premier
touring car to Ninian Beall, roadsters
to Capt. r. II. Willis, Z. S. A, and
Lieut.. J. C. Monfort. L. S. N; velie
touring cars to Jacob H. Davis, Ralph
Howell. Harry Louder. Mrs Burgess
Marshall. Washington Waters and Miss
Mary Whalen: touring sedans to Rafael
II. Elizalde and Lieut.. Ross Thomp-
son; club roadster to DR.. A. L. Stavely
and town car to Charles D. Cugle.
II: B: Leary, jr.-MaxweN town car
to Nathan Musher and sedan to E. E
Allies.
Commercial Automobile and Supply
Company-Studebake sedan to Charles
L. Frailey.
Henderson-Rowe Auto Company
kissel one-ton hearse to Thomas Muir
ray.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
ARGENTINA BUYING CARS.
Small Ones Seem to Have Preference
in Southern Republic.

A consignment of $50 automobiles on
steamer from Philadelphia reached
Buenos Aires the last week in Deem
Der, which, with consignment OF sew
enty few weeks previously. brings the
total recorded imports of automobiles
into Argentina in 1916 to the important
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
Florida Society to Entertain.

Vaudeville de Luxe" is to be fea-
tured at a meeting OF the Florida So
ciety, to be held in the College Won.
ems Club rooms, 1904 F street. Febru-
airy "a. The program includes a piano
solo by Mr.. John B. Wells: monologue
''In Ole VirRinny,' Capt. Samuel II.
Jacobson: Interpretation of a storm
Miss Catharine Wrenn; vocal solo. Mrs
Margery Cotton Bowie; q sketch. "A
Pair Of Lunatics." and views OF the Po-
tomac. presented by Adrian Sizer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
METHODS OF IMPROVING
OLD ROADS DESCRIBED
How Some Problems Of Resurfacing
Worn Out Macadam Highways
Were Solved.

The Improvement of old macadam roads
with some form of permanent surface is
a problem which road builders in many
parts of the country are trying to solve
II is particularly important because OF the
financial desirability of saving as much
as possible of the investment in these
old roads In order TO throw hght on sue
cessful work of this sort a magazine re-
Gently held prize competition for snort
papers on the subject. and has just pup
lished the paper awarded the first prize.
1t was written by c. \, Carruth ana
describes work done a number or years
ago on roads near Rochester, n. Y.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18

described as likely to cause skidding.
1t Is an essential of economy in tires
and wheels and some other parts of the
mechanism, and 1t is an essential in
safety, for some very bad, even fatal.
accidents have come from skidding at
an unfortunate moment, when care
would have prevented II.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
Applying Brake Is Bad.

In a rear-wheel skid the worst thing
one can do is to apply the brake 1t is
best TO let the car coast, turning the
front wheels in the direction in which
the rear end of the car is skiddins; If
it is trying to go to the left. turn the
front wheels that way. If there is
something in the way. so that 1t is nee
cssary to stop. the brake may be APP
piled a little as the wheels take hold.
leaving the clutch engaged, which pre-
vents locking the wheels, as the en-
;.ine is pulling against the brake and
there is not so much likelihood of lock-
ing the wheels. Ii keeps the wheels
revolving slowly, so that you get 4 bet
ter traction for stopping.
1t takes a greater pressure applied
laterally to start the wheel sliding than
TO keep il skidding, once it is started.
and YOU can bring the car to a stand
still much quicker il YOU can keep the
wheels from sliding. A little practice
will teach the driver just how much he
can apply the brake without causing
the wheels to skid. II sometimes hap
pens that by hitting the curb hard, or
the wheels Of another car or a street
car. that the rear axle gets out of true
-perhsp s the spring seat bolt will
shear oh-and the wheels Will not trace
with the front wheels. This Will cause
skid6ing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
Aluminium Coins for Germany.

BERLIN. February Is, by wireless to
Sayville, February 11.-The issue Of
new one-pfennig coins in aluminium is
announced today by the Overseas News
Agency.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
AUTO MARKET IS DIVIDED
INTO TWO BROAD FIELDS
Writer on Subject Discusses Future
Developments of Industry in
This Country.

SO much has been written relative to
the development of the motor car in
dustry and SO many prophecies have
been ventured without proper consid-
Grafton of vital and controlling factors
thar a clear and sim,,e .r,,,.is of tho
\. 49,.
"'"s 9e' We " oiseipd't 'huch OIL
the hhtounded conjecture.
The automobile market is iyided int o
tvo hrood 6old. 1,;r,, ,h .,,r,, ,,,,
"h'ch ihciudes All persons engaged IN
farming and others in various bust
nesscs who live in towns OF less than
zoo r,.+; co, ~.
'oo populatioh. second. the urban class.
which comprises all people in any but
farming pursuits, who live in towns of
,oo or r,oro no,,,1,tion
In the rural or farming market, thcre
are o,'uo.ooo 1amii1es. one million OF
THESE now oWh motor cars and l''oo'ooo
are poor. illiterate. or negroes. who. for
the purpose OF TINS study. may De eX-
ciuoed from the prospective puyins
1arm famiiies who are possible auto
monlie buyers.
LII tHe orpan ClaSS
T, Tho rho o,o.., o,,-o,.o,1 ~. !, ooo
IL lhS al o'ii 'i''o7' No'e {" W
ulation, there are about J.00o,00 home
owners of which number only 1000. 900
,,;-,, ~. r.-
no" own CATS aceoioihsis' '
main 100000 prospective buyers IN
this class, or a total actual unsold mar
ket. in both rural and urban classes. OF
The accepted average life of an auto
mobile Is ABOUT hve years IN tns han a, .
w, "" onca nw,ns car will not there
after be without one. we must include
the recorder market, when, IN tne COZ al
omn =, 49, aa;rt, 90 ,,sr cont of the 2 600
900 now in use.
For the year 1917, therefore, the auto
mobile business will face a market of
about 100000 possible buyers. Not
more than 5000 cars will be built in
the coming year, leaving a possible ex-
cess market of 6,O0OOoO buyers at the
beginning Of 1918, says the Boston
Post.
These figures are decidedly conserva-
tive because they take no considera-
ton of % any export outlet, CD the
people who have or will have two or
more machines, go increased popula-
ton, (4) Increased prosperity, 90 a
million or more town and city families
who do not own the homes in which
they live, but are well able to buy and
m maintain a motor car, 60 the business
houses, retail and wholesale merchants
who use thousands of roadsters for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
Raised Only Sc, 600.

1t seems, according to the statement
of the A a. A. club officers, that the
cause of the halt lies at the door or
Washington business men and motor
lists. on whom they believed they could
depend for $1,000 of work costing
$4,000
When the plan to build the roadway
through the Chopawamsic swamp by
public subscription was promulgated
the A. \. A. District of Columbia CLUB
offered its services in the work of col
lecting $1,000 in Washington, feeling
certain that this sum could be raised
easily and quickly once the benefits TO
local motorists and merchants We're
pointed out. At the end of several
months campaign only $4,000 had been
subscribed. With this sum. and the
money subscribed by Richmond, Fred
ericksburg and Alexandria, work was
commenced. and the remainder OF the
sum asked of Washington was sought
elsewhere.
Unlock editor obstacles which, II IS
said. invariably occur in work OF TINS
character increased the original eStl-
mated cost. and the road committee re-
ported to the, local motor club with the
request that it try again for at least
another thousand dollars. Accordingly
the A. A A. club has instituted an
other campaign for funds with winch
to finish the work so well begun
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
Pleasure of Motoring.

Motoring is a pleasure that makes
for broader vision. saner and more
helpful diversions and a more sympa-
thetic social life. A nation without
its sane pleasures is hopeless. There
fore it is far from logical to consider
the so-called pleasure car Of today as
an added luxury.
II production increases al the average
rate maintained for the past five years
which is unlikely. due to greater
manufacturing problems and to inabil.
ity of the selling and distributive
branches to keep pace with greatly
augmented manufacturing volume
the point of saturation will not be
reached for five. six or seven years
And some of the leaders in the industr.
predict that 1t Will be a matter of ter
or twelve years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
THIS IS SEASON
. Of SK|DD|NG CARS
There Are Several Ways OF
Overcoming Tendency OF
O. Autos to Slide.
DRIVERS MUST USE CARE

This is the time of year when skid
ding is prevalent, much more so than
AZ other seasons. This Is due to the
fact that snow and ice keep the pave
ments wet or icy. according to the
Temperature. There is another element
entering into the situation, however,
most folks who travel at this time OF
the year, because of the cold and dis
comforts of motoring, desire to get there,
and so travel faster-the very fact that
they are uncomfortable causes them
to pay less attention to driving with
care.
Probably the greatest cause of skid
ding is turning a corner at too nigh
rate of speed. This often causes Il
skidding of the front wheels as well
as the rear wheels; that is, the car IS
going so fast that the front wheels do
not get traction enough TO change the
direction, and when they attempt to
make the turn they skid and the car
goes for the curb. Applying the brake
will usually overcome this skid.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
GOVERNOR Of MARYLAND
IS |NTERESTED IN ROADS
Attends Meeting of State Commits
sion Which Selects Highways
for Improvement.

The state roads commission of Mary
| land at meeting held in Baltimore a
few days ago announced the roads
which have been selected for improve
ment during the coming year. Gov
Harrington attended the meeting and
displayed considerable interest in the
work of the commission and it's plans
as outlined
The most important road to be in
Guided in this years schedule is the
Improvement of the Old Stage road
running from Annapolis. Md, to this
city. which is to be known as the Ma
tional Defense Highway" This road
will be reconstructed from Camp Pa
role. on the outskirts of Annapolis, to
Bladensburg, Nd, about six miles north
of the National Capital.
This road will connect with a splen-
did concrete road from Annapolis to
Camp Parole on the one end and &
smooth macadamized roadway from
Bladensburg to this city on this end.
At Rladensburg it connects with the
baltimore Washington boulevard. The
Improvement of this highway has been
urged by Secretary of the Navy
Daniels and other government officials,
in order that there may be modern
highway for quick military movements
between the National Capital and An
napolis, the seat of the United States
Naval Academy. The distance between
Bladensburg and Camp Parole is APP
proximately twenty-five miles.
The commission selected the roads an
nounced in order TO secure Maryland's
share of the $S5.0O0,o00 roads appro-
priation from the federal government
plus the equal share which the state
will add as its share. The total mile
age of the roads to be improved is
more than one hundred miles. The to-
tai of Maryland's share of the federal
funds is about s660,000. to which the
state will add n like amount, making
the aggregate fund about $4,000
About $264,000 is now available.
Roads to Be Improved.
The complete list of roads to be i'm
proved is as follows:
/. Road leading from the eastern linn
it's of Frederick, including the Wash
ington turnpike as far as the Monocacy
river bridge, the Buckeystown turn
pike and the road near Dickerson to
connect with the improved state road at
Jacksonville approximately twenty
one miles.
the south end of the Monocacy river
bridge and running south toward Hy
attstown-six miles.
3. Road leading from Bladensburg to
Camp Parole. known as the Old Stage
road-approximately twenty-five miles
4. Road leading from Oakland to Hut
ton to connect up with the improved
system of roads in Preston county, W
Va. now under construction-4.60
miles.
s. Philadelphia Old Post road, leading
from Herring run to the Little Gun
powder falls-12.50 miles.
6. Road leading from Corrigansville
via Ellerslie to the Pennsylvania line
! joining the Pennsylvania system OF
| roads-2.40 miles.
| Z. Roads leading from the improved
road at Westminster through Titles.
| town toward Gettysburg and joining
with the Pennsylvania road system
! total length 11.50 miles.
| 8. Turnpike leading from the i'm
| proved road at Boonsboro through t
| Sharpsburg-7 miles.
| 9. Easton to Claiborne-10 miles.
10. Grove to Bureaus miles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18
Means Cash for Washington.

1t is cited by officers of the motor
club that the building of this Virginia
road not only means n new touring
place to local motorists, but it Will di-
vert to Washington hotels and business
houses many dollars in patronage now
going elsewhere. III April and May,
they say, thousands of motor parties
head for the north Atlantic country
and if the Washington Richmond high
way is open they will journey through
the National Capital, making this city
the important stop. With the road
closed they travel via stanton. Win
chester Hagerstown and Philadelphia
Touring Director Seilor of the A. A.
A Club has conservatively estimated
that the daily expense of each motor
party of five persons visiting WASH
A. A. A. information bureaus north and
south of this city show that 200 cars,
averaging four passengers each, did
not come here during 1916 because of
poor road conditions
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-02-18

motoring for pleasure or social inter-
course almost invariably takes the
place Of some other form Of expendi-
ture of less actual economic value.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-12-29
Will Not Forbid Scouting.

One of the resolutions recommended
that there be 'no scouting" at foot ball
games Harry Williams of Minnesota
and Fred Moore of Harvard took ex-
ception to that. and the resolution was
changed so as to make the recon
except at a public intercollegiate con-
test"
The resolutions adopted, to be sent tc
every college in the United States, are
Resolved, That we recommend to all
educational institutions, collegiate and
secondary:
"First. That athletic sports be made
subservient to the work of military
preparation and be made. therefore
ing.
Second. That intercollegiate and in
terscholastic schedules be arranged for
SO long a time and so far as national
and local conditions permit, and that
all possible encouragement be given to
the development of intramural sports
with a view to promoting the partici-
patton of all students.
Third That professional coaching and
expenses incidental thereto be reduced
to minimum.
Fourth. That there be no preseason
coaching or practice. no scouting except
at public intercollegiate contest and
no, training table.
Fifth. That the number of officials
at intercollegiate games and their fees
be kept as low as possible.
sixth. That this association reaffirms
its belief in the eligibility rules which
it has already Endorsed. including the
freshman rule, and therefore recon-
mends that there be no lowering OF
eligibility standards during the present
crisis"