Evening star., 1917-11-25

being only 255 tons. as against more
In Maryland and wyoming there has
been only small production, but in
the Pacific coast states. especially Cali
fornta, the advance in the output has
duction was more than 5000 tons: in
California It was nearly 1900.
1t is evident. the surveys experts
state. that for some time to como Cali
sorns sUnn,x Will furnish 1. the chief domestic
good prices bodies Of ore farther from
tho lines OF TRANSPORTATION will be
worked. The production from some
deposits this year Is expected to far
exceed that Of last year.
Prospecting for chromite may dis
close other supplies. 1t is believed by
experts OF the survey. and the most
profitable deposits will be those In
to cheap rail or water TRANSPORTATION
or connected with. it by good roads.
Cheap concentration may in places i'm
prove the grade Of the ore available
for profitable mining.
With tho known supplies OF chromite
and others whose discovery within
the limit of practicable transportation
throughout the United States is con-
fidently expected. there is good reason
to believe that the domestic output of
chromfte could be SO Increased as to
60 far toward supplying the domestic
demand II our imports. except those
from Canada, were cut Off.
y II
approximately 5,016.ooo dozen eggs
spoil needlessly every year in cold
storage simply because some
Wasted ono has let clean eggs get
r~ wet or has washed dirty eggs
ees' before sending them to mar
ket. according to the specialists at the
Department OF Agriculture.
Careful Investigations OF large guam
titles of stored eggs shows that from
II to % per cent Of washed eggs be-
come worthless in storage. whereas
only to per cent OF dirty eggs stored
unwashed spoil Tho experts say that
the explanation Is simple. Water re-
moves from the shell of the egg a
gelatinous covering which helps to
egg. Once this covering is removed
by washing or rain which gets to eggs
In the nest. germs and mold find ready
access to the contents and spoil the
This enormous loss in storage eggs
largely can be prevented. 1t is sug-
gested. II producers and egg handlers.
especially during March. April and
Nay Nay; VIII refrain from washing eggs
take pains to reduce the number Of
dirty eggs by providing plenty of clean.
sheltered nests for their hens.
Millions Of eggs spoil in storage be-
rain, dirt and sun in stolen nests in
the grass or fence corners.
In view Of this great loss Of valuable
food. the department is urging country
cept washed eggs for shipment in case
lots. Shiny eggs. especially in the
early spring. probably have been
washed. the experts say. All washed
eggs purchased should be sold locally
for immediate consumption.
i X
During the past few years there has
been widespread interest in the subject
Of Industrial accidents
industrial and their prevention.
Accidents. eamna,@ns u pef'aa, nav. sIaesy hssy
carried on by many employers and by
many private and public organizations.
No doubt these efforts have been sue
ccssful in reducing the huge toll OF
death and suffering which modern in
dustry levies upon its workers. But
the effectiveness Of all such efforts has
been seriously handicapped by the gen.
eral lack Of information regarding the
dents in the industries Of the country.
according to ofncials Of the bureau OF
labor statistics. -.
Such detailed information has been
recently collected by the experts of
engaged in the building of different
kinds Of machines. The character OF
tho machines built varied greatly, from
mammoth locomotives and ships to del
RI h,pf 10 0f
interest to note that they are all of a
type for which the war has made enor-
nous demands. Therefore. although
the present study was made prior to
the war. the information regarding ac-
cident haxards in the industry is now
Of particular pertinence.
4 notable feature Of the recent sur
vey is the measurement of accidents
studies have been chiefly concerned
with the frequency of accident occur
renee. and have counted all accidents
as OF the same value. a broken finger
and broken back have been counted
though clearly the latter is immeasura-
bly, more serious. The method offered
In this newest report Is to measure
each accident according to the result
ing amount Of time lost. To do this.
of course. 1t is necessary to express
fatal and permanent injuries. as well
as temporary disabilities. in terms of
workd4yS 1851. Th1S Is done by yalulnS
fatal injury. on the basis OF life in
surance experience. as equivalent to
the loss Of thirty years Of q mans
working life. while total permanent
disability was rated at thirty-five
years. Other injuries are credited with
lower time losses in proportion to their
probable effect upon earning capacity.
Applying this method to the acci-
dent data for the misunderstanding in
dustry. some interesting results were
obtained. Thus. in the 1914 plants COW
cred by the Investigation the number
of accidents occurring in 1912 was
1851. resulting in 81 deaths. All
permanent injuries and 13.199 tenn
porary disabilities. This is equivalent
to an accident frequency rate Of 11s
per 1000 f,ill-time (360-day) workers
and a severity rate of SO days lost per
worker. These rates may be contrast
ed with the experience of a repre-
sentative steel plant during the same
year, for which the frequency rate was
154 and the severity rate II days
lost. Accidents in the steel plant were
thus only about one-third more fre-
auent than in machine building. but
their severity was two and one-half
times as great.
One OF the fundamental inquiries in