The Adair County news., 1917-06-27

war times certain scientific principles
are definitely established:
How Taxes Should Be Apportioned.
O The burden of taxes must be
spread as far as possible over the
whole community so as to cause each
individual to share in the sacrifices ac-
cording to his ability to pay and ac-
cording to his share in the Government.
C2) Taxes on consumption, which. are
necessarily borne by the community. at
large. should be imposed as far as pos
sibie on articles of quasiluxury rather
than on those of necessity.
90 Ekcises should be imposed az far
as possible upon commodities in the
hands Of the final consumer rather
than upon the articles which serve pfi-
marily as raw material for further
production.
AZ Taxes upon business should be
imposed as far as possible upon net
earnings rather than upon gross re-
ceipts or capital invested.
o. Taxes upon income which will
necessarily be severe should be both
differentiated and graduated. That Is,
there should be a distinction between
earned and unearned incomes and there
should be higher rate upon the larger
incomes. 1t is essential, however, not
to make the income rate so excessive
as to lead to evasion, administrative
difficulties, or to the more fundamental
objections which have been urged
above.
(0 The excess profits which are due
to the war constitute the most obvious
and reasonable source of revenue dur
ing war times. But the principle upon
which these war-proft taxes are laid
must be equitable in theory and easily
calculable in practice.
The Proposed Income Tax.
The additional income tax as passed
by the House runs up to a rate Of 60
| the history of civilized society. 1t must
be remembered that 1t was only after
the first year of the war that Great
Britain increased her income tax to the
maximum Of 81 per cent, and that
even now in the fourth year of the war
the income tax does not exceed 4219
| per cent.
1t could easily be shown that a tax
| with rates on moderate incomes sub
stantially less than in Great Britain,
and on the larger incomes about as
nigh, would yield only slightly less than
the $532, 100000 originally estimated in
| The House bill
It is to be hoped that the Senate will
reduce the total rate on the highest In
comes to "a per cent, or at most to 40
per cent, and that at the same time It
will reduce the rate on the smaller in
comes derived from personal or profes-
sional earnings.
If the war continues we shall have to
| depend more and more upon the In
come tax. BY imposing excessive rates
now we are not only endaneering the
future, but are Inviting all manner OF
difficulties which even Great Britain
has been able to escape.
Conclusion.
The House bill contains other funda-
| IuouIdl uelSCIS WulCu may Uc 5uLuHuOo
Up as follows
ID 1t pursues an erroneous principle
n imposing retroactive taxes.
~ 1t selects an unjust and unwork-
lble criterion for the excess-profts tax.
81 1t proceeds to an unheard-of
height in the income tax.
az It imposes unYarranted burdens
upon the consumption Of the comrnt1-
nifty.
~ 1t is calculated to throw business
atO confusion by levying taxes on gross
"eceipts instead of upon commodities.
(6) 1t fails to make a proper use of
stamp taxes.
Cd It follows an unseientific system
in its fat rate on imports.
(S) 1t includes a multiplicity of pet
~ and unlucrative taxes, the vexatious-
ness Of which is out Of all proportion to
he revenue they produce.
The fundamental lines on which the
House bill should be modified are sum-
med up herewith:
% The amount of new taxation
should be limited to 1880 O00, ,O00-or
at the outset to $500, 100000 To dc
more than this would be as unwise az
it is unnecessary. To do even this
would be to do more than has ever
been done by any civilized Govern
ment in time Of stress.
(0 The excess-profts tax based upon
a sound system ought to yield about
$5OOOOO,OO0.
(3) The incOme-tax schedule ought tC
be revised with lowering of the rates
on earned incomes below $4,000, and
with an analogous lowering of the
rates on the higher incomes, so as not
to exceed "a per cent. A careful cal.
culation shows that an income tax OF
this kind would yield some $450,O0O,,
| 900 additional.
a. The tax on whisky and tobacco
ought to remain approximately as it is,
with yield of about $23o,00OOOO.
These three taxes, together with the
stamp tax at even the low rate Of the
House bin, and with an improved au-
romobile tax, will yield over $1,250,
100000, which is the amount of money
| Thought desira hle