davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
MARKET QUOTATIONS.
PITrsBURoH LIVE STOCK.

fIlISkl kfrH. PA. sept o.. AT I.I
supply light. market steady choI..
So lIfI 1925. prime Si2 TJN13 - roaI.
81 GOA 1880. tidy butchers. SI1 nelr N 7 -.
1air N>U"HHIo. common. So OOQa 90
common ~ good Eat bulls S6DOne 90
common 80 good f8t COWS S-I00g 40
teifcrs S>pOG JO- fresh COWS and
Sprin-ers. S50n0 100 veal calves SIC el
heavy and thin calves S7.50a11sl
SHEEP AND LAAulS-Supply HIGHT.
market steady prime wethers S11 Sd.
good mixed $1,000 1910. fair mixed
- -5I9 % culls anal common. 5000
ZOO spring lambs. $1,000
HUGS Receipts 3 double decks. mar.
ket slow. 15c lower. prime heavy hoes.
SlNS-ltI 1925. mediums. SIS S-Fr ~ lu.
heavy Workers. SIS. d1ao0- light Ynrk
erS. NllOOM l115. pigs S1fuDI1e 50.
rouEhs S14U90 l. o. stays SI4 0lf4
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
ARCHIBALD LOCKER.

Archibald Franklin Locker, so
years old. died at his home. $50 y.
Eighth ST.. River Park. Monday
morning after two years illness Of
diabetes. He is survived 10y his wife
Mrs. Luiine Locker, two daughters.
Mrs. Elsie Bosworth and Miss ELISA
Locker and his. mother. Mrs. Mary
Locker 1lr. Locker was born April
3. 1867. and has lived in 81. Joseph
county an his life.
Rev. 1Ir. LORD VIII he I'm charge
OF the prayer services at the late
residence Thursday at 100 o'clock.
and the funeral services viii be
from the olive church, Wakarusa,
at 900 o'clock, Rev. p. J. Kauc-
man officiating. Burial viii be in
the Olive cemetery.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
$40 ENROLLED
IN HIGH SCHOOL
Freshmen Class Boasts of PAP
Grade School Total
Still Awaited.

OF go students enrolling in the
high school yesterday PAP are fresh
men and Of these 122 are girls and
l2O are boys. OF the freshmen en-
rolled ~ boys and 40 girls signihed
their intention 20 take the college
preparatory work.
At the end of the first seven weeks
of school last year. there were 1907
students enrolled and in all prob
ability the enrolment by that time
this year will be larger.
The total enrolment of the grade
schools was still unavailable last
night, due To the fact that the re-
ports were late in coming in from
the various schools The Elder
school had a total enrolment of ga
and it is believed that this will be
the largest enrolment of any one
grade school i'm the city.
washington school, which was
formerly the Sample ST portable
school. opened Tuesday, despite the
fact that the building was not quite
completed. Some of the classes will
be held in the portable building for
a few weeks. but in a short time all
of the classes will be held in the new
building. There Will be "a consider
able increase in the enrolment at
this school because there are now
eight grades, while heretofore there
were but five.
Special desks and movable chairs
were installed in the primary rooms
An especially fine library is being
installed and many other excellent
features. making this new grade
building one OF the finest i'm TIE
state, have been included in its con-
structiOn.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
NO NICKLE BREAD
IN SOUTH BEND
Bakers Say $3.50 Wheat
Price viii Not Make Re-
duCtion Possible.

Even though the government hes
fixed g price on wheat at $2.2O per
hushel which. it was claimed.
would make it impossible for bakers
to once more bake fve-cent bread.
South Bend bakers viii continue
making 10-cent loaves as the small
est.
Wheat at 500 means -four at q
little more than Sill" said Charles
iioessler, "a local baker. -Tnat
means that 16 ounces Of flour win
cost five and a half cents How can
we put ont Il ounces of bread for
a nickel then? Lard, and milk. and
other ingredients, all have doubled
in price from what they used 10 be.
Labor costs more. A baker cant
furnish IA ounces Of bread for five
cents, unless wheat drops 10 about
81 a bushel.
when -four is s. a barrel. under
normal times, bakers can furnish
lG ounces of bread for five cents.
When it's $40, bread must sell fer
10 cents per 16 ounces Fifteen dol
lars a barrel for flour means Is
cents per pound for bread. 1t takes
about five bushels Of wheat to make
a barrel of flour,-the bran and 9TH
er things is counted 20 make up for
labor and so on. Wheat at 1920
means $1l "A barrel for flour. and
that's all there is 10 it"
Fred Busse, another baker. said
substantially the same thing. Even
though flour may be selling lower.
lard and milk are much higher.
Bread isn't made of just flour. We
simply can't sell a loaf of bread for
a nickel, any more"
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
TRAIN KILLS MAN
ON MOTORCYCLE
,tern,tionoI Npws Service

IufprU1fiOnaI NpWS NpINIVt-
STEUBENNILLE. o., Sept D. -
Robert /. Strain. Is years old. of
East Liverpool, was instantly killed
when ne drove his motorcycle at tull
speed into a Cleveland and Pitts
burgh passenger train near here
today. He did not see the train in
time 10 slow down. He came TO
East Liverpool a few days ago his
registration card showing his resi-
dence was i'm Kensington. Kans.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
CAPTURE MATERIALS.

International News Service.
LONDON. Sept 5.-A large mum
Der of prisoners and a great quantity
of war materials fell into the hands
of the italian army that captured
Monte San Gabrielle from the Aus
tro-Hungarians. said press dis
patch from Rome today.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
ESTABLISH BRANCH.
tinnal News Service .

In ternatlonal News service,
WASHINGTON. sept .. - The
esta blishment OF branch of the fed
eral reserve bank of San Francisco
az Denver was announced today by
the federal reserve board. The new
institution. which has not yet been
organized, Will take care OF the
inter-mountain territory.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
CHICAGn PRonTCE.

CHICAGO sept = BUTTER Re-
c,iptS. 2OG6> tubs. crea merry extras. an.
packing stock. A5c.
EGriS Receipts. 1111- cases. ordinary
hrstS. 35uJ6r. Ersts. 80 So checks II
~ 2Gc, dirtieS. Z1N3tc
CHEESE Twins new. 23c. dairios
2+c: young Americas. 2lc: longhorus
24c- brick 20
LIVE POULTRY Turkeys. Is: chick,
ems. GOA 2fc. spriugcr~. Z;u2fc- ROSTERS
1Ir- geese. Ia. ducks. 16M Use
POTATOES Receipts. - cars. Mime.
sofas and Ohios. SlOO0112 bu.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
TWO DIVORCES ASKED.

Because. ne saws, ms vic, OarO-
lima Demaray, left him shortly after
their marriage in August, 1914, and
he has not seen or heard from her
since. Calvin \. Demaray filed a suit
for divorce i'm the superior court
Tuesday.
Alleging cruel and inhuman treat
ment. Maria Hamann iled a suit for
divorce in circuit court from John +.
Hamann.
Anna Hansen filed a suit for sep
arate maintenance from Nels Han
SEN The plaintiff asks the custody
of their one child.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
LINER Is SUNK.

International News Service;
BOSTON. Mass, sept. a.-Ihe
Johnston liner Kenmore, bound from
Liverpool 10 Boston with mixed
cargo. has been sunk of the irish
coast bv German submarine. ac-
cording 20 cabled dispatches received
bv Boston importers today
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
To RFBTILD PLANTS.

NEW YORK, Sept. Auditorium
zion 70 rebuild the Aetna, Ind, and
Pa, plants of the Aetna
Co. was given the receiv-
ers Of the corporation in a court
order granted here Tuesday The
were destroyed by IRE.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05

DEATHS
LUCTUs LIVINGSTON.

LucIus Livingston. p years old.
formerly ~ South Bend. died sud
denly Tuesday morning in Battle
Creek. Mich. lie was the son OF
Felix Livingston. who was in bust
ness here years ago.
Funeral services viii be held from
the Abe Livingston home 336 ~
Main st.. Thursday afternoon al $50
and burial win be in Rose Hin cem-
etery.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
EAST BUFFALO LIVE STOCK

EAST BUFFALO. y y sept .
CATTLE Receipts. lJo head maI hei
80 srr steady prima steers $1,000
Il co. butcher grades. SG0OH ~
CALVES Receipts - head mark5i
aetfve and steady. Gull 20 choice. SJoOu
l. - 49,
SHEEP AND LAMBS Receipts. 2D
beod market active aud Do lower
rhofce far7bs. $1,000 IL 80 Gun 90 fair
sIOO00lGO0. yearlings, $1,000 400
sheep S500Nl1-OO-
HoCS-Receipts 500. market active
md steady. Workers, $4,000 1900. pigs
Sf1 ia l1.1J. mixed $1,000 ~ I'D. heavy.
SIS qge1 ~ 90. rOughs. S17OOd ITO. stays
SI4O00 1J25.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
CHICACO IIN1F STOCE

UNION STOCK YARDS. H. sept g.
HOGS Receipts. 1900. market dull. l5c
lower, mixed and butchers S1GtNH
T. 40. good heavy. Sl6JOa Is 40. rough
heavy S15.Juu1f 80 light. $1,000 I = -
pigs. S11 NT1G0); bulk. S1T15dI .
CATTLE Receipts. POO. market slow.
10. lower. beeves STJCH1GG5- COWS and
heiferS. - GJN Is st1ckers and feed
ers, S1"frAH. Texans $500 Is -
calves. SI1.7J0 IL 20
SHEEP Receipts. 1900: market
steady lee lower. native and western.
S1.S5H II 80. lambs. S1LzJQI 40.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
DOG THAT YAWNS AT
LECTURES WAR MASCOT

LAWRENCE. Kan. Sept. 4.-
pr. popular Kansas university
bulldog mascot. is headed for
France. The dog attends certain
classes regularly and delights stu
dents by his timely yawns az lee
lures. Members OF the Pi Epsilon
fraternity agreed il is patriotic
duty 20 let Pi have an opportunity
To do his "bit" in his profession OF
mascot
When the guard troops leave
Lawrence for Fort sill Pr viii De
"slipI<J along.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
VIII CONDUCT SERVICE.

Adiu'art Alfred Noble and his
musical party Of jamestown. y. y
VIII conduct the service az the sal
walton army han 206 r Jefferson
blvd this evening Special songs
arI musical selections viii be rem
dered
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05

Revolving brushes. operated by
hand lever. clean a mans hat and
shoes at the same time i'm machine
designed for public places
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05

An Englishman has built a ma
chine that registers motions made by
muscular efforts for use in Identify
ing criminals By their walk.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
HAY, STRAW AND TEFD.

Corrected Daily by the Wesley Mlllei
Flour and Feed Co. 420 :.
Michigan 81
HAH-Paying. SlIQSlsi selling. 500
50
STRAW Paying s. per ton selling
$40 per ton or coo per bale
OATS-Paying, DO. selling. 6JQ lOe
SHELL CORN-Paying. 81. selling
s.. 1JQ -.
EAR COMPLYING So selling
s. 1902 20
TIMOTHY SEED-Paying. $3.50 De
bu selling 81 20 per bu
ALFALFA SELL Montana grownl-
SeInug. sl2u0 per bu.
CLOVER SEED-Sl3QSIf
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
POULTRY and MEATS.

corrected DaliY 10 JlminleT Mafhct
I2s r. Jefferson Blvd
POULTRN-Old chickens. lSc. spT. aga
pc.
NEAL-Paying. 15c; selling. 1J43Jc
BEEF-ROasr. %, boiling lee porter
house. 50dJ0c: sirlCiu. 5JG roc.
HAM-Paying. 2Gc selling. 2ON 90.
LARD-Payiug. PC. selling 1ue
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05

A simple wire clothes pin has been
invented 10 be inserted in sod 20
prevent articles spread out 70 bleach
from being blown away.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
NEW YORK STOCKS.

International News Service:
NEW YORK. Sept. >. - Closing
prices on the stock exchange today
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
PROVISIONS.
Corrected Daily by 3. ~. Mueller. ~
J. JefTareou EIVdl

Corrected Daily by 3. ~. Mueller. 7l'
T.. jefferson Blvd
VEGETABLES Cabbage. paying. ] i1r
selling &c.. new potatoes. paying 81 tt
81 - per bu selling S1t-j- Sl-Jo per bL
FRU1T-Orauges- cuse $50. sellIn.
3JaGOc per doz lemons case Si0$,
selling 3UH Coo per luz
BUTTER AND EGGS-Couutry bur
ter paying 2OQ3 selling "a fOr
creamery butter paying f3c. selling is-
Legs. strictly fresh. paying 1jc, selling
sEEDs.
Corrected Daily by Warner Bros, see
store ia r.. Wayne -
TIMOTHY Sfl4J0
RED CLOVER SllJ0a 1880
WHITE CLDNEE-szs 20 per ba
ALSIKE- Sis Od13JO.
ALFALFA 80
SWEET CLOVER -Sl2Ql3 %.
COW PEAS $4nJ
SOY BEANS SfQ4J0
BLUE GRASS - per bu.
MILLET- J0G&B
GERMAN MiLLET- s. J0d3Oo
JAPANESE MILIET-S2 - per bu
HUNGARIAN MILLET-S2 7jQ - pri
on.
VETCH S9q1iJO
MAMMOTH CLOVER Sl2dS14
TALLOw AND HIDES.
Corrected Daily by :. W. Lppmaa, zli
-. Main So
TALLON-ROugh. 2aJc. rendered. No
woOL-4Od6Oc per ID.
HIDEs-Grecn. No. l. l0alsc: calf skir
I0a30c.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05

Corrected DALI b.. the Eastwood lieu
Poultry and sea Food Market,
W. Washington Ay.l

FRESH FISH -Dr. No / trout. -
TO-. haIibut 23izr lb-. dressed Lake Eft
ciscoes. 14i4c lh., large perch. 1870 Do
pickerel. 19iac Do.
Smoked salmon. 21iac. Whit
ash. 2O14c. fancy salt mackereL ] Do
each. 2O-. oloaters, 2a3 10. each -,
bCneless salt Goldfish. Zjc 10, chubE 20
Id.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05

South Bend Market.
GRAIN And FEED.

Corrected Daily by w b. starr. star
MILL Hydraulic AE.)
WHEAT Paying. sos per On.
OATS-Paying. CSC. selling. 30 pei
on
CORN-Paying. SID. selling, s. pei
bu
RNE-Paying. 81 50 per bu.
BRAN Selling s. 20 per hu.
MlbDLINGS- Selling. s. 90 per bu
CHOPPED FEED Selling $3.50 pei
cWt
SCRATCH FEED - Selling. $3.50 pei
eWL
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-09-05
IINE STOCK

Corrected Daily by Major Bros, :. Loo
gan ST. Mishnwaknl.
HEAVY FAT STEERS-fsig @ good
"a s.: prime. 9M1Oc.
HOGS 1OOd12O IBIS l3c: 700 - lbs.
Ec, 130qlJO lbs, lfl4c lGJa 2OOibs., Is
The Idaho Springs siftings-news. (Idaho Springs, Colo.) 1905-19??, 1917-04-13
FIFTEEN YEARS AGO
Items of Interest Taken from the Siftings of This
Corresponding Week Fifteen Years Ago

Mr.. and Mrs. William Smythe
had new baby girl.
Walter Smith had nearly lost
his life in runaway accident.
Siftings contained an interior
view of Mellor and Peterson
meat market.
Fifteen boys who had been com
uniting misdemeanors at the cold
soda spring were fined 81 each.
Idaho Springs was expecting to
entertain during the summer the
Odd Fellows, Masons, firemen' S
tournament, district meeting of
Women of Woodcraft and the
cadet encampment, district meet
ing of Woodmen, Retail Grocers'
association. etc.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news. (Idaho Springs, Colo.) 1905-19??, 1917-04-13

When Lansing handed the Danish minister Mr.
Brun the largest single check
treasury said by giving you-this
will trouble Of transporting As OF gold The value
paper would be equivalent that weight"
This the idea OF the immensely OF million
dollar We America have accustomed reading
making million oftenmes night
until comprehend how much million dollars really
harm be accomplished with it
million dollars gold weighs Think what
silver dollars and in nicke pennies 1t would
had been gathered together
into pile
ET@)HE LITERACY provided the immigration
law excludes from the United States all aliens 10 of
physically capable reading who read the English
dialect including Hebrew 1d
dish admissible alien citizen of the United States
his grandfather his
wife, mother grandmother unmarried widowed daughter if
regardless whether such relatives read
The law into effect May l.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news. (Idaho Springs, Colo.) 1905-19??, 1917-04-13

Some of the holders of mining
property in front of the Newhouse
tunnel were Central City men with
mill and property interests in Gil
pin county. and they did not pro-
pose to allow Idaho Springs to en-
croach upon their prosperity thru
the tunnel. Mr.. Newhouse was to
leave soon for Europe, disappoint-
ed at the attitude of mining men
in the district and saying that he
could not see his way to undertake
further work on the tunnel. He
said that his company could no:
afford to drain the whole mountain
and receive no recompense. The
tunnel had cost 100000 and was
in 1880 feet.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news. (Idaho Springs, Colo.) 1905-19??, 1917-04-13
Legal Notice

The undersigned. THE CONTINENTAL.
TRUST COMPANY. Of its own motion. and
upon request in writing of the holders of one-
bonds of THE HOT SPRINGS HOTEL.
/ COMPANY, a Colorado corporation, secured Nv
mortgage to the undersigned as Trustee. dated
July 1st 1872 recorded in the Office of the Comfy
Clerk and Recorder of Clear Creek county. on
August 9TH. 1872 on book 17s. at pages COS to eaa
inclusive. does hereby convene and call a meet.
ing OF the bondholders secured by said mortgaee
| for the purpose of considering and acting upon
the question Of giving the consent OF the owners
or the owners OF the majority in amount OF Series
A. Bonds outstanding, provided for in said
mortgage. to the issuance and sale Of Series a
Bonds under said mortgage, not exceeding In
amount the principal sum Of 500 900, such CON.
sent to be expressed in the manner provided for
in the said mortgage, and the undersigned gives
notice that such meeting. for the purpose asore-
said will be held at the banking house Of the
undersigned on the 10th day of May, A. D.. 1s17.
at the hour Of 10 M, at which meeting each such
bondholder may attend and participate in man.
ner with the effect as provided for in said mort
gage; and at such meeting such proceedings will
be had in the foregoing manner a. are provide,
and contemplated by the terms Of said mortrase.
Dated. Denver. Colorado. April 2, 1877
THE CONTINENTAL TRUST COMPANY.
BY JoHr W. sPRINoRR, President.
First publication April Is, 1917.
Last publication April a, 1917.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news. (Idaho Springs, Colo.) 1905-19??, 1917-04-13
Beware OF Strangers

This blood stirring drama of love
and hate comes to the Opera House
Thursday, April 10, after having
been shown an entire week at the
Paris theatre, Denver.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news. (Idaho Springs, Colo.) 1905-19??, 1917-04-13

Wednesday night part of the
proceeds at the Opera House was
devoded to the Senior class 10 help
meet the expenses of graduating.
Members OF the class sold tickets
at twice the usual price and clear
ed about twenty dollars. In addi-
ton to the regular pictures, the
class put on short farce, THE
Lunatic," with Alfred lie Prouse
in the title role, which seemed to
come perfectly natural as he imag-
ined himself a wonderful actor.
Alfred Eaves, as a colored man,
trying to care for the crazy fellow,
got the worst of it. but had the
dialect pretty we'll. Adolph Waldo.
was the actors uncle, responsible
for his care, and the dialogue caus-
ed considerable laughter. Pansv
Robinson and Ethel Chapel, at
tired in Scotch costumes, were
bonnie lassies, and sang a lifting
Scotch air with credit. With
Anna Hartman and Ida Eckstedt
they formed quartette that is
winning place for itself in our
entertainments. The class has
quite bit of expense to meet, and
the proceeds OF Wednesday is a
considerable ilelps.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news. (Idaho Springs, Colo.) 1905-19??, 1917-04-13

Beware of Strangers" is a thrill
ling drama which presents the
perils and pitfalls set for the feet
of the unwary by shrewd conf
dence men and women. There is
quick, intense action thruout the
drama and a succession of sur
prises.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news. (Idaho Springs, Colo.) 1905-19??, 1917-04-13
Gust Jones.

Do you read? Do you use the
public library? Do you want new
books for your children, reference
material for school and club work,
as we'll as interesting fiction and
current literature for yourselves!
If so, help OF by getting a
ticket for Just Jones" the play
to be given at the Opera House on
ednesday evening. April 18th.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news. (Idaho Springs, Colo.) 1905-19??, 1917-04-13

..Do Your BIZ for U. S. A." was
the idea carried out al a cleverly
arranged little party given Thurs.
day afternoon by Mrs. Weipberper
and Mrs. Samuely 1t is strange
thai not every one knew inst how
manv stars and stripes are on our
fac hui that fact was brought on,
in a contest in making flags Of
pieces of muslin stripes Of red and
bis of blue cloth. The results
however. were so generally good
The Idaho Springs siftings-news. (Idaho Springs, Colo.) 1905-19??, 1917-04-13

Mrs. William Nordburg return
ed Sunday evening from Denver,
where she spent the week visiting
relatives and friends.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news. (Idaho Springs, Colo.) 1905-19??, 1917-04-13
Regular Monthly Bills Allowed

At regular meeting of the City Council held
Mar. 18th the following bills were examined and
approved by the Finance Committee and upon
motion warrants ordered drawn for the
payment of same.
Martin Miller, labor at Chicago Creek
The daily commonwealth. (Greenwood, Leflore Co., Miss.) 1916-1919, 1917-03-21

LOAD on GOOD ROAD
Farmers Haul Two Wagons HItehed
Together to End Of Improved High.
way-Singls on Poor Road.

From the United States Department Of
A~griculture.)
To see what really happens at the
end of the good road. a public road
specialist Of the department recently
had observations made In different Sec
lions of the country. The observers
noted many co~untry-bound transfers
who drove two loaded wagons, hitchsd
one behind the other, to the end Of
the good road, and then found 1t nee
essary to leave One wagon by the road
side to be returned for later, while all
the power Of their teams was devoted
to hauling a single wagon over the I'M
improved road.
Farmers bound for the market fire.
quently were seen to haul wood and
similar products to the beginning of
the good road, there dumping them,
and returning for a second load. When
this arrived, the two loads were con-
solidated and easily hauled by a single
team the remaining distance to market
over the improved highway.
In one section Of the country where
oxen are still used teamsters were OBJ
served to bring their loads over the
dirt roads with two or three Jokes Of
oxen. When the beginning Of the good
roads was reached, the teamsters
would unhitch the extra animals and
finish their journey with a single yoke.
The daily commonwealth. (Greenwood, Leflore Co., Miss.) 1916-1919, 1917-03-21
EXCESS WATER HURTS ROADS
Cold Weather Does Not Cause Injury,
No Matter Whether Road 10
Earth, Gravel Of. Maead&m.

Water, not cold, is the cause Of the
deterioration of roads In winter. Cold
weather does not in itself injure roads
no matter whether they are earth,
gravel or macadam. In fact an earth
road will stand more traffic when 1t is
solidly frozen than at any other time.
Excess water, however, IL always de-
trimental to a highway. When cold
weather turns this water into ice, the
damage that It does is greatly in
creased. Ice occupies considerably
more space than the water from which
1t Is formed, and every person who
has lived In a cold climate Is familiar
with the powerful bursting effect Of
water when left to freeze In a CON
fined vessel. The same action takes
place when a wet road freezes to any
considerable depth. 1t simply bursts
or, az we generally term 1t broad
parlance, the road heaves. Later, when
the frost leaves, the road Is disinter-
grated and ruts badly. II this process
is repeated a number of times during
the winter, a gravel or macadam road
may be practically destroyed while an
earth road may become entirely I'M
passable.
A dry road. will not heave. Rock,
gravel, sand and even clay when per-
fectly dry contract slightly on freez-
The daily commonwealth. (Greenwood, Leflore Co., Miss.) 1916-1919, 1917-03-21
WeIi.pralned Road.

ing. In order to expand on freezing,
these materials must contain or be
mixed with water, and the more water
they contain the greater the expan-
sion which takes place. But so long
as the road remains frozen, the dam
age does not become apparent. Hence
the frequent and erroneous idea that 1t
is the ,thaw which Injuries the road.
The injury was done when the water
in the road froze and the particles OF
the road surface-broken stone, sand,
still fine particles Of earth or clay
were pushed apart by the expanding
power Of the freezing water. The
thaw merely allows the ice to melt and
assume it's original volume as water.
The remedy is ~self-evident. Keep
the water out Of the road. The time
to begin preventive measures Is before
the rains begin. If the road goes into
the winter thoroughly dry with the ur.
face and drainage in good condition.
the chances are extremely favorable
that It will come out all right the fol-
lowing spring.