davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-08
Inside Workings Of Censorship
Explained by British Secretary
q, .pbsrson Tells How All Possible News Leaks Are
Scaled Up Describes Creation of Boards and Reveals
Privileged Position of the Press
Bv ARTHUR S. DRAPER

War, which prove that the German
General Ssaff was indebted to the
French newspapers, directly or indi.
rectly, first, in July, for information OF
the strategic deployment of the French
army, and, second, in August, at tho
time touch was lost, for knowledge OF
three facts which had so much iniu-
ence on later events MacMahon's con-
ceptration at Chalons, his retreat upon
Rheims and subsequent advance tow
ard the Meuse. Within week of the
order which changed the direction OF
the German armies Napoleon III capt.
ulated at Sedan. THE Times pub
lished leading article on their CORE
spondent's communication. observing
that they recognized the difficulty OF
the problem OF press censorship in
Great Britain on grounds which would
appeal very strongly to the American
people.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-08
Press Stands in
Favored Position

at will thus be seen that the press
stands in a favored position. AS re-
CARDS the publication in this country
of matter originating here, 1T is uncen-
sored. except on the initiative OF the
editor. II is bound by the same laws
as the rest of the community, but no
prosecution can be instituted by the
naval or military authorities IN the
case of a press offence, except by al
rection of the public prosecutor. As
regards the receipt or dispatch of news
in or from the United Kingdom, the
press is subject to the same control as
the rest of the public. but is accordeu
special facilities and privileges.
"The actual censorship. OF press copy
and press cables is done by tho censors
of the Press Bureau under the orders
of,the directors. But the INSTRUCTIONS
ON which they work are framed by the
government departments concerned
Thus. so far as naval questions are
concerned. Sir Douglas Brownrigg ana,
IN regard to military matters. General
Cockerill lay down the principles on
which the press censors should act'
these are, of course, similar, respec-
lively. TO those by which the censors
with the fleets and atthe general hean-
quarters of the various expeditionary,
forces are guided. In all cases OF
doubt or special difficulty the direc-
tors Of the Press Bureau refer to the
cbiof censor at the Admiralty or the
dircctor of special intelligence at the
War Office, according as the subject OF
tho article or telegram refers TO naval
or military matters.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-08

within the United Kingdom is to reach
the enemy-otherwis than through
publication in the press, which is the
quickest channel Of ALT must be sent
TO him or to some Intermediary in COM
municatlon with him, either through
the post, or by telegraph, or by hand.
II there were no compulsory censorhip
of this class of matter, information
could be sent with the greatest ease.
I'm order to avoid leakage in this
way 1T is obviously necessary that al.
the ordinary channels of communica-
ton between the United Kingdom and
the outside world, i. G., communica-
tion by post, telegraph and by hand,
must be controlled. In this connec-
ton, too, il must be remembered that
postal packets or letters carried by
hand may contain messages written in
invisible writing, and kilograms may
be worded so as to convey a secret
message. II is the duty of the censor
ship to detect and destroy the value OF
these devices.
"From such a censorship as this il is
not possible to exempt the press. But
it is possible to facilitate their bust
ness by every legitimate means. SO
here again the press has been given
privileges not enjoyed by the ordinary
public. Every pfess cable TO and from
the United Kingdom is diverted to the
Press Bureau, and there censored and
placed at the disposal of the directors
of the bureau for this purpose. From
this arrangement the press derives two
great advantages-priority over less
urgent messages. and censorship by
men who are in touch with the censors
of press copy voluntarily submitted
and under the same executive control.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-08

1rIv Perhaps the censor
N IDS. but so has the income tax
- Certainly they both have
"'eI.. and the censor numbers his
'''n mans. while the tax collector can
-. only in thousands. The cen
''''' ..,ss,s every one who reads
% .,s and magazines; he opens
''' y. letters going out and coming
. y" =. country; he passes or blue
2" =. every cable message. He is
ga .'1,red either joke or an enemy
r,.ly friend ..h =.
..,,l.d villain. with a head filled
!. secrets flched from your letters.
-. "a, imagine. If he is the kind OF
wbom have come in more or
~ .lo.. contact with in this war, he
- M,rish fellow, with a good story
-. hearty laugh and q fine assort-
-, ~ explanations and excuses. He
:, officer in the army or navy, and
il. stickler for rules and regu-
,,.ion., but he is not the douole-dyed
'r.,, - many Of US have painted him.
"A, chief censor at the Admiralty is
Gu Douglas Brownrigg, of the
~ ~, ,syy. General George Cockerill,
"a IA. General staff, director Of special
'...rl;y,pee at the War Office, directs
:. . ,mperisl cable and postal censor
,,I,,. They are big men-big in bulk
:, !, brains and big in power. They
II three. Around them they have
.,.s.,sd 8 TREMENDOUS force Of trained
'.,k,rs. In the last three years mill
-, # words and miles Of copy have
r,Ser their sharp eyes. Mistakes
~. b.en made. Things have gone
=, the newspapers and letters have
~, PASSED which have been OF as
s..,,es to the enemy; other articles
-, been "killed" and other letters
,...,ovsd which would have done no
,,,n. But the batting average OF the
,,,,or is higher than that OF Iy Oooo'
"a according to last reports, he still
lads the league.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-08
British Opposed
To Censorship

Owe are not accustomed in this
country to any form Of press CEN
sorship,' said the writer. The very
name is abhorrent to our traditions.
The British people would quickly be
come impatient under prolonged
ignorance of what their feet and
armies were Going, and if such re-
strictions as would meet the re-
quirements of the case were to be
tolerated it must be on the clear
understanding that the Admiralty
and War Office would never withhold
information which could be properly
disclosed or delay its publication
merely to suit official convenience.
"He laid down as aXioms that the
legitimate anxiety of the country to be
informed of what concerns it must be
treated with all possible consideration,
and that no restraint should be i'm
posed on the free criticism of past
events, nor of those responsible for
the action taken; only the premature
disclosure s.whether wilful or inadver-
tent, of. wi is happening or about TO
happen slfSH, d be guarded against.
"Negotiations on these lines were
opened with the press, but attempts
to proceed by way of legislation failed,
and the problem was left unsolved
until about a year before the outbreak
of the present war. Then, as result
of negotiations between the press, on
the one hand, and the Admiralty and
War Office, on the other, joint com
mittee. called the Admiralty, WarzOt-
flee and Press Committee, was set up
and was intrusted with the task of
watching the working of a voluntary
agreement, under which the press un-
dertook to respect official warnings
and to withhold from publication in
formation which, in the opinion of the
Admiralty and War Office, could not
be published without detriment to ma
tional interests.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-08
Offending Editors
Open to Punishment

The editor, who is more or less a
public official, is, under the British
regulations, treated in the same man
ner as the private citizen. II the for
mer publishes naval or military news
of value TO the enemy or the latter
communicates il by letter or word of
mouth, each is guilty of an offence
under the regulations, but it is the job
of the Director of Public Prosecution
to get a conviction.
There is, however, a further privi-
lege accorded TO those connected with
the press" continued Mr.. MACPHERSON.
"If in doubt. the ordinary citizen has
10 rely on his OWE judgment, but If an
editor is in doubt he has only to sub
nit a proof 10 the Official Press Blu
reau, and he will be advised whether
the publication Of the news in question
would be an offence against the regu-
lations. IL is obvious that this volun-
tary submission Of news for the
opinion of a censor before publication
is in no sense a press censorship; yet
so far as the publication in the United
Kingdom Of news originating there is
concerned, this is the only form OF
press censorship that exists"
then put my own case before the
secretary. Correspondents are forced
TO submit everything TO the censor.
"A broad distinction is and must be
drawn between the control Of publica-
ton in the United Kingdom and the
control Of communication between the
United Kingdom and other countries,
he said. within the United Kingdom
news may be published so long as the
defence OF sthe realm regulations. are
not contraAned IL they are the laW
may be fed against the offender
and psp may BE- inflicted but the he
tho oya e Of The "S press is
very seldom that on indiscretion oc.
ours, and on the whole the voluntary
censorship is az effective ~ any com
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-08
Catching Cross-hre
Delivery of NJ. P.'s

-, Mcpherson. Under Secretary Oh
80. for War. has the pleasant little
IN Of standing up in the House OIL
c,rs and catching the cross-hre
S.Iiv,rv Of NJ. P.'s anxious to bean
=. War Office. 1t is wild pitch when
.,.,D., him. and when tossed HIM a
~ c.,.orsbiv curves he picked them
=. =, ,bs air with no more effort than
C.,., Viewers expended when he was
y,,,v,. battery mate. Said Mr. Nc
Phsrson: e .be
probably the cause of most OF .us
;'.,3.,,,,nding in regard TO the
..,.ovsip is that when two peOpie
'...t ~ !. they are seldom speaking
n a. same thing. This arises from
q, f,e, that in this country three de-
,,,,m.n,.-the Admiralty, War once
I'd Press Bureau-conduct a censor
-, and abroad every commander OF a
v,,i.b evolutionary fOrce-whether
: France, in Egypt, in salOniea' IN
y.,oUotamia or in East Africa-is re,
,.,.ib,e for the censorship OF all
examinations from the area OF opera
IONS" .l-,;ral.v
Then he explained that the Auni.i ',ni'
conducts a censorship OF all comm u,ail
atoms between the several meets anu
@,.l e stations in the United King
3,r 80 Owing to the restrictions on the
:, Of wireless by merchant ships, the .i
, :. branches. which in normal
in, are open to send and receive pup
+. messages s., are now to all intents and
,vruoses naval stations. The amoun'
Il Continental traffic is comparatlve;,,y ),
I-all and the staff Of a score actpaiIy
vrsssd under Admiralty orders nam
les the work satisfactorily.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-08
e''ting Information
hcivI War

.s .a'rs are extracts from Napolson's
-, shieh show clearly the extent
E.lth he vas won't 10 rely upon the
g,,..a newspapers as an unfsiling
- o. military information. Exam
"a, ns gwen from N. American Civil
s..s "a II Is shown how shermsn's
a. $40 march through Georgia 70
u, va, inspired by the informs-
.n'sd from the Confederate
is.spsis. md that information De.
,s..s Ign c NE Southern press even en-
lie ., T lsnt 70 send supplies 10 meet
~. hn arrival a. the coast.
sts more striking are the EXAM.
"a iron the Franco Prgss,ar
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-08
Danger OF
News Leakage

at r. on this account, no doubt, that
the country suffers what might Mt hfs'
sight seem 10 be an APPALLING menace 70
The lives Of its soldiers ana sailor
n information az 10 what is going Oh
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
SENDS GOOD WILL
OF JAPAN TO U. S.
Premier Declares Violation of
Faith With Allies ''Would
Be Sheer Madness"

TOKYO, March 6.-Jajan knows full
well where her true interests lie and
would be committing an act OF sheer
madness il she attempted to violate
her plighted faith with the allies"
Field Marshal Count Seik Terauchi.
premier OF Japan, told the United Press
today.
At the same time he sent a message
of good will to the people Of the United
States, and assured them Of the con-
tinued friendship of the people and
government OF Japan. His statement
follows:
THE report OF Germany's latest move
toward a combination Of Japan and
Mexico against the United States re-
veals the persistence with which the
Germans are exerting themselves to
estrange Japan from the United States.
At the same time II shows their COM
plete ignorance Of the aims and aspira-
tions OF other nations.
Japan would be committing an act
of sheer madness IL she ever attempted
to violate her plighted faith with her
allies and with her friends in differ
ences and Join any political combina-
ton against the United States. with
whom she is linked by community in
terests and vast material interests, as
well as sentiments OF sincere friend
ship.
THE American people may rest as
sured that Japan knows full well
where her true interest lies.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
BUILDINGS.
TEN MAINE CITIES ELECT.

PORTLAND, Me-. March 6. - Ten
Maine cities held elections under blIz-
zard conditions today. Six RepublI-
cans were elected against four Demo-
Gratis. a gain Of one Democratic mayor
over last year.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06

to Hoboken yesterday afternoon when
Deputy Police Commissioner Scull re-
ceived word of the arrest of Fritz
Kolb.
The connection between the two
cases was not apparent, but Chief of
Police Hayes, of Hoboken, was quoted
today as predicting six more arrests
would follow from the arrest
of Kolb, in whose room were found
bombs and explosives.
Two possible new angles OF the re-
ported wholesale plot developed to-
day when the detective department
sent men to every subway station in
tn city on hearing Of plan to blow
up the subway, and Jersey authori-
ties reported munition shipments yes
terday put a greater supply OF high
explosives on Black Tom peninsula
than the freight terminal has ever
known before.
The detective division refused to
discuss the tip which caused them to
take precautionary measures in the
subway.
The new shipments Of munitions
for the allies to the scene of the
great devasting explosion six months
ago, made 1t a great prize for bomb
squad, IL such is now plotting de-
struction of munition plants, as
scratching of the surface of the
Kolb case seems to indicate.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
SAXON as USE LITTLE GAS.
Gallon Of Fuel Is Sufficient for
Thirty-MIIe Trip.

Owners of Saxon fours have found
that average driving on average
roads, not boulevards or paved streets
necessarily, can be accomplished with
an average gasolene consumption of
a gallon to every thirty miles. The
light weight of the cars gives them
an average mileage of from 1000 to
$4,000 miles on a single set, and re-
placements and repairs have been
much less than expected of a light
weight motor car.
1t has been touted in motor car
circles that economy OF operation and
upkeep, together with a low initial
cost, are the fundamentals for
highly successful automobile. To this
some have added the Qualifications OF
beauty and refinements.
The Saxon has demOuntable rims,
starting and lighting system and
other improvements generally found
only in motor cars of a much higher
price. Its body design and springs
have been worked out for the high
est comfort, and owners are unanl-
nous in declaring that they are neve:
fatigued from riding in Saxon rond
sters.
All these things have contributed
to the success of the car, and they
have demonstrated themselves in the
service which the thousands of road
sters are giving today and have
given in the past.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
MAS0NS SEE DEGREE WORK
New York Visitors ExempITfy
Ritual In Capital.

Before an assemblage of more than
two hundred the degree Of Master
Mason was exemplified by the degree
team Of Garfield Lodge. No. $50. F. and
A NJ. Of New York City, at Pental-
pha Lodge No. q, in the Scottish Rite
= Cathedral. Third and E streets north
west. last night
The fraternal visitation came as the
result Of plans made nearly a year
ago. when the famous Garfield jewel"
q Masonic emblem originating in Mag
nolia Lodge, No. 20. Columbus, Ohio,
was first exhibited in Pentalpha
Lodge, here. President James A Gar
field withdrew his membership In the
Ohio lodge to become a charter men,
Der Of Pentalpha Lodge in 1868. The
Jewel now is the property Of Garfield
Lodge.
The personnel Of the degree team
was: Alexander Rosenbaum, master I
Felix Plateau, Junior warden; Henry
NJ Plateau. senior deacon; Adolph N.
Cardoza, senior master Of ceremonies !;
Gerson Mordo. Junior master of cere-
monies; Eugene Hatschek, marshal
and Theodore Ruper. Harry Werner,
and Sidney Simon.
The visiting delegation was welcomed
by Jaames w. Witten, grand master Of
Masons of the Grand Lodge Of the Dis
trict The response was made by
Adolph n. Cardoza. master of the
lodge. An address was delivered also
by Simon wolf
Preceding the degree work, a supper
was served by the Order of the East
ern Star. Covers for about 150 were
laid.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
LAVISH FIREWORKS
WATCHEDBY $4,000
President and Party Observe
Pyrotechnic MarveIs From
White House PortiC0.

President Wilson Joined approx
mately $4,000 washingtonians and in
augural visitors in witnessing the
gorgeous fireworks display, which
brought inaugural ceremonies to a
close last night.
The Chief Executive and Mrs. Will
son sat on the south portico of the
White House, muffled in furs.
With them were Secretary and Mrs.
McAdoo, Mr.. and Mrs. Sayre, Miss
Margaret Wilson, Col. E. II. House
and other friends.
The White House party agreed with
the general public that the pyrotech-
mic display was the most lavish, spec
tacular and original that has yet
marked an Inauguration. Harry
King, chairman of the fireworks COM
mittee, was praised unanimously.
All the convential features of a pre-
vious display, such as a salute to
the union, cascades and fountains of
fire, flaming portraits of the Presi-
dent and Vice President, were includ-
ed and there were many innovations.
A number of set pieces and rocket
effects were new and surprising.
Peace and war scenes, as depicted by
bursting shells half a mile in the air
and the painting of multicolored ef-
fects on the heavens, came in rapid
succession.
Throughout the sixty minutes the
pyrotechnic exhibition lasted, every
color was shown in fire aloft, but
the red, white and blue predominated.
From time to time salutes to the
country, the flag and the President
were fired.
Frequently the vast crowd with up
lifted eyes, cheered and clapped their
hands in admiration.
Among the features were Sunset
in the Alps" "The Field of the Cloth
of Gold" "Spiderland." "Nigara Falls" +"
strings of floating bulbs that chang
ed colors several times, and an Ame--
lean flag.
The fireworks display was provided
by the International Fireworks Com
pany, of Jersey City.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
NEW ENERGIZER
ASSURES HOT SPARK
Innovation Among Accessories
At Show a Real
Boon.

There are q number Of new acces-
Show, chief in point OF merit
being the P. S. E. Energizer, which
Is fitted to the spark-plug. The
mission Of this energizer-which is
clearly demonstrated by its efficiency
when connected up with heavily Car
BOMBED plugs, and plugs having
broken porcelain-is a hot spark
under any condition but wiring trou-
BILE. With the testing outfit on dis
play, plugs pronounced dead are made
to fire a "fat" spark
The principle upon which the p. s.
E. Energizer works is a slight de-
creasing OF the amperage and a great
increase Of voltage.
According to its inventors, the
basic principles OF wireless teleg-
raphy-breaking a circuit and intro
ducing air ,resistance-buils up the
strength of the current delivered to
the spark plug.
A gap in an electric circuit forms
an effective resistance, and resist
ance of any kind increases speed or
voltage in exactly the same way as
the resistance OF the nozzle on a
hose increases speed of water. In
creased speed causes increased heat.
The Davy metallic screen surround
ing the spark creates a condenser ac-
tion, which so greatly increases the
voltage that not only is the heat in
creased but the voltage stepped up
to such an extent that the electric
circuit will unfailingly seek the next
gap, regardless of distractions. Since
with the p. s. E. Plug Eneygizer at
tached, the next gap is the plug cleo
trode the result is that the plug can
not fail to spark. This means that
not so much current is used, but
the spark is hotter and will go
through any amount of carbon,
grease, oil, soot and will even fire a
plug with broken porcelain
To all appearances, IL one is TO
Judge by its remarkable -demonstra-
tions, the P. S. E. Ene-gizer has come
to stay and will prove a valuable ad-
dition to motorcar necessaries.
The Washington times., 1917-03-06
TWO SPIES SEIZED
IN NEW YORK CITY
Hindu and German Arrested on
Charge of Stirring Up Revo-
luton in India.

NEW YORK, March CDR. Chan
ader Chakiaberty, a Hindu physician,
and DIR. Ernest Sckunner, a German,
are under arrest at New York police
headquarters, charged with setting
on foot a military expedition against
a friendly nation" They will be ar
raigned today before Federal authori-
ties. The two admitted after a grill
ing lasting ten hours that they had
received 100000 from Wolf Won Igel,
alleged German plotter.
The object OF the plot according to
the police, was to start a revolution
in India.
The two men were taken from a
sumptuously furnished apartment.
where detectives stated they found
quantity of mysterious chemicals,
pamphlets for melting the Hindus to
revolt, and a large amount of alum
mum caps, shaped like pill boxes.
Reported in Washington.
Sckunner's confession is said to
have revealed the plot. 1t is de-
clared to have been corroborated by
have told the police that Chakiaberty
went to Germany some time ago, trav-
cling as a Persian under a false pass
port. He returned with information
it is said, and reported to Won Igel in
Washington.
Won Igel, it is said, gave the. men
100000 for carrying on their opera
tions.
The police declared other arrests
are expected. The connection of a
Chinese who is said to have agreed
to get munitions into India from
China is being Investigated.
Won Igel is now on the Frederik
VIII homeward bound with Count Won
Bernstorff, having had his $25, 900
bond under a conspiracy indictment
released the day before the ship was
held. Along with Hans Tauscher,
Krupp agent in the United States in
connection with the canal plot, Won
1gel was given safe conduct as a
member of the ambassadors party.
Government Approved Release.
1t was indicated when his bond was
lifted that the Department of Justice
at Washington approved his release
and return to Germany. Since the de-
parture of Won Bernstorff there have
been reports of a 100000 propa-
ganda fund left here to be used by
German agents working for some
unknown chief
The arrest OF the to alleged plot
ters today was made by Captain Tun-
ney, police bomb expert. who was sent