The Alaska daily empire., 1917-07-30
CENTRAL POWERS SUSTAIN MANY
 SETBACKS Both the Military and Political Turm0ilS
 Place TeutOniC
 Forces Badly EMTENTES ARE HELPED Entrance of the United States is Greatest
 Event Perhaps of
 Present Year
ENEMIES ARE HELPED

The third year of the world war closes with the fortunes of con- flict favoring the Entente.
 The Central powers sustained mo mentous setbacks, both military and political, during the twelve months.
 On both the Western and Eastern fronts in Europe the Teutons find themselves practically on the defen- sive at the advent of the fourth year. They fight on lines newly established after having been forced to retire ment from terrain which they had won in earlier days at a tremendous sacrifice.
 U. s. in War.
 Meanwhile new enemy powers, not ably the United States, have been drawn in by the Central Empires. and progress toward the achievement of the ultimate aim of the Entente political disturbances which will re- main memorable in the history of all times.
 Chief among these are the fall of two crowned heads-Nicholas of Rus sia and Constantine of Greece. In Russia autocracy has given way to republic In Greece a kingdom re mains but not a pro-Teutonic one, Entente pressure having won su- premacy in this part of the Bal kans.
 Political events within the Ger man and Austrian empires featured by the fall of Chancellor von Beth mann-Hollweg, have led to open dis cussions of peace in the German Reichstag as the fourth year dawns. In Great Britain, the third year closes with Winston Spencer Church i'll, former First Lord of the Ad- miralty returned to the Cabinet with the portfolio of Minister of Muni- tiOns.
 Portugal and Rumania threw their fortunes with the Entente shortly after the third year began. The United States entered in April, fol lowed by Cuba and Liberia. Panama pledged the United States her aid in defending the Panama canal. Costa Rica put her naval base at our dis posal. China, Bolivia, Guatemala, and Brazil severed diplomatic rela- tions with Germany. Uruguay ex- pressed her sympathy for the United States.
 New Nations Born.
 Three new nations were born dur ing the year Poland was created a kingdom under German and Aus trian direction. In Mecca the Arab ians overthrow Turkish rule and de- clared independence. In the Balkans, liberty was restored to Albania. which was established as republic under Italian political protection and with French military aid.
 An estimate made two months be fore the end of the third year voiced by Arthur Henderson. of the British war council-placed the mum Der of men killed at 100000 since August, 1914. French general head quarters recently estimated 100000 Germans had been killed up to March 1. MT. Henderson estimated the total casualties at more than 45,0OO000.
 The first and second American contingent of troops landed in France on June 26 and 27 and the second on July 27th.
 Nearly 10000, 900 Americans of mil itary age registered on June under the selective draft law. and from these are being selected the men who will comprise the great army con tingents which America is planning to send to Europe.
 Exchanges of Missions.
 In cementing Americas association with the nations now her allies, nu- merous exchanges of missions were arranged France. Great Britain, It. ally, Belgium, Russia and other En- tente belligerents sent delegations to the United States as a step toward unification. military, financial and otherwise. The United States sent missions to Russia and other couI- tries.
 Fighting on the western front dur ing the third year of the war may be roughly divided into six phases ' two in the latter part of 1916 before winter called halt; and four after