davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03
STATE READY
FOR LIBERTY
LOAN DRIVE
Organization Perfected To-
day-A. I. Hunter Chair
man for Three Counties.

Fargo, N. D., Oct. 3.-Ths North
Dakota executive committee in charge
Of the Liberty Loan bond sales, meet
ing here today with A. r. Rogers Of
Minneapolis, district director, deter
mined to make a vigorous campaign
throughout the state. This afternoon
MI. Rogers was the honor guest at q
luncheon rendered by e. j. Weiser Of
Fargo, with executive committee
members present.
North Dakota will be organized on
the district and county unit basis.
Chairman Hanna this afternoon an
nounced the North Dakota districts
and chairman for bond sales as fol-
lows:
G. R. Green, Cavalier, chairman.
Pembina, Cavalier and Walsh coun-
ties.
A. I. Hunter, Grand Forks, chair
man. Grand Forks, Nelson and Trail
counties.
G. H. Doyon, chairman Ramsey,
Benson and Pierce counties.
Harry Lord. Cando, Towner, Ro-
lette and Bottineau counties.
M. r. Porter, Minot, chairman,
Ward, Burke, Renville and McHenry
counties.
W. s. Davidson, williston, chair
man; Williams, Mckenzie and Noun
trail counties.
J. H. Newton, Mandan, chairman;
Oliver Mercer. Morton, Grant and
Sioux counties.
w. L. Richards, Dickinson; Stark,
Dunn, Billings and Golden Valley
counties.
]. E.. Phelan. Bowman: Adams,
Bowman, Slope and Hettinger coun-
ties.
T. L. Beiseker, Fessenden; Wells,
Sheridan and Eddy counties.
Wesley Mcdowell, LaMoure; Sar-
gent, Dickey and Mcintosh counties.
E. j. Weiser, Fargo; Cass, Steele
and Richland counties.
= A. B. Denault. Jamestown; Suits
man, Barnes, Griggs and Foster coun-
ties.
J. L. Bell, Bismarck; Mclean, Bur-
leigh. Logan, Kidder and Emmons
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03
IDENTIFY MAN
AS MURDERER
OF SHEFFIELD
Fred Anderson Held by
Moorhead Police Posi-
lively Identified.
Laushed Jewels on Girl
Confessed to Robbery at
Reynolds, it is Said.

Fargo, N. D., Oct. Sired An
derson, known as "Oklahoma Red"
is held in Clay county Jail at Moor
head for robbery and killing George
Sheffield, night operator in the Great
Northern station at Moorhead early
Wednesday morning, September 10.
Anderson claims he is 20 years old.
I'VE have absolute evidence against
Anderson connecting him with the
cumstantial evidence" said County
Attorney G. G.. Dosland Of Moorhead
this afternoon.
L%avishing Of rings. gold watches
and jewels on a. Moorhead young girl,
about 10 and now held in the Clay
county Jail as a star" witness for the
state and q holdup and robbery In
which n man was struck over the
head with the butt Of a revolver, hi
ling revelations made by Chief of Pc
lice Dahlgren of Fargo today in relat.
ing the circumstances leading to tht
arrest Of Anderson in a Front street
rooming house "a hours after the
crime.
Anderson, according to Dahlgren, II
said to have confessed to the robbery
and hold-up at Reynolds, Grand Fork.
county, September IL, in which abou'
$500 in jewelry and merchandise wa
taken.
The police say part Of. : this wa.
found in the room where he stayet
and in the girls room in Moorhead
The gun was found in Anderson'i
room besides clothing for q lightning
change" There was not an empt!
chamber in the gun.
The police believe that after three
shots were fired and the, bandits FLED
into the darkness. Anderson reloaded
in order to be ready to meet any en-
counter from officers.
Positive Identification" Of the pris
oner was made by r. e. Lesser, nigh
operator and two. transients, after tn
prisoner vas rugged up in clothe
and brought into their presence.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03
TITLE OF GENERAL
FOR PERSHING ASKED
BY SECRETARY BAKER

Washington, Oct. s.-Elevation Of
Major General John j. Pershing to the
rank Of general, a title held by only
Washington, Grant, Sherman and
Sheridan, was sought by Secretary
Baker today in a recommendation be-
fore the senate military committee.
The secretary urges revival Of the
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03
LEGISLATION on STACKER.

Washington, Oct. "a plea for
action on alien Stacker legislation was
made in the house today by Represen-
tative Gallivan Of Massachusetts,. He
said he hoped lodging and postpone
ment Of action IN the question would
come to an end when congress- re-
assembled in December.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03
RESPONSE TO
LIBERTY LOAN
ENTHUSIASTIC
Raising Bonds Hard, Says
McAdoo, but not I'm
possible for u. S.

Madison. Wis, Oct. 8.-Declaring
that the sale of bonds is a ~stupendous
undertaking but that it is not impos-
sible for America. was the opening
remark of Secretary of the Treasury
William q. McAdoo in a talk here this
afternoon.
Secretary McAdoo said that after
allowing for the amount of revenue
to be raised by taxation for the fiscal
year ending June 80, 1918. that we
shall have to raise by additional bond
issues between thirteen and fourteen
billion dollars.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03

rank of general for Pershing and the
army chief of staff, and lieutenant
general for the corps commanders
with the expeditionary force. He de-
clared hat the head Of the overseas
troops should be given a grade com
mensurate with the Importance of his
position.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03
BADGER 6. 0. P.
ASKS GUSHING
OF LAFOLLETTE|
Republican State Central
Committee Gives Treason
able Utterances" Reason.

Wausau, Wis, Oct. 3.-senator La
follette's expulsion from the senate
Tor Unreasonable and seditious utter
ances and %disloyalty to our govern
ment" Is asked in an appeal to the
United States senate in kilograms sent
last night by w. B. Hainemann, chair
man of the executive committee Of tho
Wisconsin Republican state central
committee to the president Of the
United States senate and to Senator
Pomerene, chairman of the commit
tee OF privileges and elections.
The kilograms are identical and
state that all the members of the
committee concur except two, who
have enlisted and are in the service
OF their country, their present address
being unknown.
New York, Oct. 3.-Expulsion of
b NJ. La Toilette from the United
States senate was demanded in q
telegram sent today to Vice Presiden,
Marshall, president Of the senate. by
the American Rights league.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03
A BY

Disdain hath power to kill, and pa
thence dies,
Slain by suspicion, be it false or true.
Don Quixote.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03
PLAY DAY AT
W0MEN'S meet
Delegates Visit Bad Land.
as Guests Of Dickinson
Citizens.

Dickinson. N. D., Oct. s.-Yester-
a was playday at the convention Of
the Federation of Woman's Clubs and
delegates n visitors spent the day
at Medora as the guests of Dickinson
citizens. Fifty automobiles left the
Elks' home at 9 o'clock and went by
way of Fryburg and Belfeld to the
heart of the Bad Lands. The day was
ideal and many of the party saw the
burning coal mines for the first time.
A roundup dinner was served from
two tents by cowboys and cowgtrls,
and the menu was typical of the cattle
country. A program of broncho bust
ing and other outdoor stunts enter
tanned the guests.
One other interesting feature of the
entertainment was a visit to a high
grade coal mine which is 275 feet UNI
der a towering butte.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03

Hit Traffic Signs-As the result Of
the rainy weather last night three
traffic policemen" were run down by
autoists and today were SEM to the
repair shop. We windshields prevent
drivers from seeing the corner signals,
resulting in the series Of accidents
last night.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03
NEW ALLOWANCE BILL
INTRODUCED IN HOUSE

a WARRINGTON. Oct Am appropr3A-
tion Of 40. o0c. 900 for the payment Of
family allowances for enlisted men In
active service In the army, navy and
marine corps Is proposed In : bill IN
troAucsd yesterday by Representative
Raker OF California.
Preferential civil service status.
would be given vsterans Of the war
with Germany BY Q moAsure Offered
by Representative Crisp Sof GeoreiA
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03
RuInmage sale-Baptist Ladies will
hold sale Friday. Oct. 18th, 10 a. M.
In chucrh .basement.-Adv.

Rulnmage. sale-Baptist Ladies will
hold sale Friday, Oct. 18th, 10 a. M.
In chucrh .basement.-Adv.
Darlington Visitor-A.i ]. Smith Of
Darlington, N. D., is spending a hort
time in Grand Forks on business.
For Rent-Seven room house. Gas,
electricity. sewer and toilet. John J..
Neville. 515 First Ave. Phone: Tri-
From Larimore-Mr. and Mrs. A.
S~tonehouse of Larimore spent last
evening in Grand Forks visiting with
friends, They returned home today.
Ohlces for Rent Corner offices
with vault. Will partition. Corner
@DeMers avenue and Fourth street.
John G. Boo Co.-Adv.
Business VisitOr-H. E. Gibson of
st. Thomas, N. D., is a business visitor
in the city today. He will return home
:. tomorrow.
New LDcation-Dr. Orr Sanders, DR..
May IL. Sanders, osteopathic physic-
fans, now located at 317 Scandinavian
American bank building.-Adv.
-
From Minot-Mr. and Mrs. w. e.
Hynes of Minot, N. D., arrived in the
city yesterday and are spending a
short time here with friends.
Big Rummage Sale-Basement st.
Michael's church. Sale Opens We'd
nesday morning. Oct. 8, at 9 O'clock.
As usual everything will be sold at
rock bottom prices. Come and get
YOUR share.-Ady.
Here From Perth-Edward Martin
Charles Martin, Kasper Bykonen an6
Lars 1ngeberg, all Of Perth, arrived ir
the city yesterday and are spending
a short time here on a combined bust
ness and pleasure visit.
Public Auction.-we will sell a
public auction at L. j. Zimmer's farm
1-2 mile west of Marvel, Saturday
October 9Th, horses, cattle and ma.
chinery. l.. J.. thinner and George
Udenby, owners.-adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03
Drive in Third Day.

Washington. Oct. 3.-The big drive
for the three billion dollar second lib
erty loan is in it's third day. with re-
ports continuing to reach the treas
ury department in large volume tell
ing of the public's enthusiastic re-
Spouse to appeals for subscriptions.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03

Evidently the kaiser used the wrong
proposition; he will withdraw with"
not from" Belgium.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03

Darlington Visit0r-A.fJ. Smith Of
Darlington, N. D., is spending a short
time in Grand Forks on business.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03

Minneapolis. Oct. ga training
camp for liberty loan campaign
lspeakers will be established here, ac-
cording to an announcement today by
n. H. Carpenter, chairman Of the To-
Of explaining the value of liberty
loan subscriptions will comprise q
large part of the course.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03
$75,ooo,o 900 In New York.

New York, Oct. 8.-New York city's
subscriptions to the second liberty
loan have reached approximately
SIS 900. 900 in the first two days Of the
drive, according to unofficial esti-
mates. The progress of the campaign
so far has surpassed the hopes of the
committee and prospects for a large
over-subscription in the Z second fed
eral reserve district are considered
bright.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03

From Minot-Mr. and Mrs. w. e.
Hynes of Minot, N. D., arrived in the
city yesterday and are spending a
short time here with friends.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03

Chicago, Oct. 3.-Those in charge
of the campaign for the second lib
erty loan in Chicago asserted today
that the speech here last night Of
Secretary w. g. McAdoo served as an
impetus for more strenuous efforts to-
day and that the flying squadron Of
1000 workers is meeting with q gen.
erous response.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03

Big Rummage Sale-Basement st.
Michael's church. Sale Opens We'd
nesday morning. Oct. 8, at 9 O'Clock.
AS usual everything will be sold at
rock bottom prices. Come and get
your share.-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03

For Rent-Seven room house. Gas
electricity, sewer and toilet. John T
Neville. SIS First Ave. Phone: Tri-
Stata 24OJ.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03

New LOcation-Dr. Orr Sanders, DR..
May u. Sanders, osteopathic physic-
fans, now located at 317 Scandinavian
American bank building.-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03

From Larimore-Mr. and Mrs. A.
Stonehouse Of Larimore spent last
evening in Grand Forks visiting with
friends, They returned home today.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03

Omces for Rent Corner offices
with vault. Will partition. Corner
DeMers avenue and Fourth street.
John G.. Boo Co.-Adv.
Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-10-03

Business VisitOr-H. E. Gibson Of
st. Thomas, N. D., is a business visitor
in the city today. He will return home
tomorrow.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1917-12-15
Lack of Fuel Closes
Many Ohio Industries

Cleveland Ohio, Dec. 15.--With close
to 100000 men and women thrown
out of work because of the shutting
tories and the reported suffering of
close to 10000 families because of lack
of fuel, Federal Fuel Administrator
Garfield was appealed to at Washing
ton today to rush coal to Cleveland.
Twelve thousand cars of lake-consigned
coal, he was told, are standing on
Kentucky tracks.
Many factories which shut down
were making munitions for the allies
and the government.
Returning to zero weather today
more than neutralized the start made
yesterday toward meeting the Ohio
fuel situation. At some points the
temperature was IS below zero.
In Cleveland 100 fectories were
forced to shut down because of lack of
fuel and thousands were temporarily
thrown out Of work.
Ohio State and Capital Universities
at Columbus are closed and other col
leges are planning to close on account
of lack of coal.
At Youngstown the county coal ad.
ministrator was besieged all day by
persons seeking to keep warm. It is
estimated that the. number of persons
idle as result of the coal shortage is
close to 10000
As soon as the acute situation in
Cleveland is relieved, Cox win turn his
attention to getting coal to other suf.
fering cities and towns.
Railroad men believe they can put
Ohio on the safe side Of the coal situa-
tion if they can get mild spell of
weather.
About 1900 Of 22O0 cras Of lake coal
are yet to be distributed in Ohio and
will go to cities having the worst
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1917-12-15
WOuId-Be DesperadOes
Of Tender Years

A trio OF would-be young desperadoes
was arranged before Justice Webster
this morning and bound over to County
Judge Bushey asejuvenile officer. They
were charged with breaking into a
freight car in Salem two or three days
ago and upon being located at Junction
City they were brought back from that
place Thursday by Constable Percy
Varney and given lodging in the coun
ty jail till their hearing came up this
morning. The boys were from Tlcoma
and were beating their way through to
California, committing more or less
brigandry all along the route. The cid
est was IL years of age. Judge Bushey
committed the three to the reform
school. The mother Of the oldest has
been wired to for her consent 10 allow
the oldest youth to join the nsvy. He
wishes to do this and the authorities
feel that it would be a good thing if
he was permitted to do this and thus
break up the "gang" of which lie is
the ring-leader.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1917-12-15
OREGON BANKS now
IN BETTER CONDITION
Deposits Increase $34,36l,-
794 In fear and $l7,7O6,-
2lO Since Sept. II

notwithstanding the heavy demands
made upon the banks of Oregon dur
ing the past six months in meeting war
conditions, and the fact that they have
assisted in financing two liberty Aond
issues during this period, deposits in,
creased $I7, ,7o6, ,2l0.26 between Septsm-
ber 1lth and November goth, the larg-
est increase ever recorded in the same
length Of time.
On November Goth total deposits in
the state, including 17S state banks
and trust companies and SO national
banks, amounted to $19S, ,95S, 775. 40, an
increase of $34, ,36l, 1896 over the corr
responding statement of year ago
November IL, 1916.
The largest increase is shown in the
individual deposits, being $2S,046,Sl0.
n. Time and savings deposits have in
creased $7,06s,071.60 during the year,
but have fallen off $l,S76,O62.77 since
September 1lth,- due to investments
made by this class of depositors in the
liberty loans.
Balances due to and from other
banks have decreased $6,456, 6,013.40 and
$6,021, ,s7S,62, respectively, while bal
ances due from the federal reserve
bank have correspondingly increased
Sc, 1876, ,750.15, due to the shifting of
reserves required by the federal re-
serve act.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1917-12-15
NORTHWEST SOCIETY
HIGHWAY ENGINEERS
Most Notable Gathering Of
Highwayrnen Since Legs
latOrs Departed

The special meeting of the North
west Society of H;9bwov Enr;noors
49, - !
was caiied 10 order promptly at Io;So
this morning by President Laurgaard,
there being, as one Of them expressed
it: "The most notable gathering of
highwaymen in the state capital since
the Legislature adiourned.'' Governor
Withycombe made brief but warm
welcoming address, pointing out that
this is an age Of engineering and that
when the war Is oyer.tbe eneineers who
are now taking SO large 4 part in d.
will be called upon to rebuild one-half
of the civilized world. He was slightly
Bessimistic as to the war situation saw
ing eff the Germans broke through
the French and British lines we were
gone and would all be yassels >, This
failed to dampen the enthusiasm. and
the governor was given hearty an.
plause when he concluded.
President Laurgaard responded brief.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1917-12-15

elusive. There will be 9s sent out
each succeeding day until all are sent.
Those registrants who know their order
number can thus easily tell about the
day they should receive their question:
aire. For instance the person holding
order number 1000 would receive his
questionable on the eleventh day and
the person holding any number above
1862 would not receive his until twcn-
ty days after December IS. In other
words, every 9s numbers represents a
days time.
The board urges all registrants to
come before it as soon as possible after
the questions are received, as it will
have to handle them at the rate of 9S
a day, and by appearing promptly it
will prevent congestion and ensuing de-
lay. For their own convenience as
welll as that of the board promptness
is necessary.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1917-12-15
Profit Taking Feature
In Wall Street Today

New York, Dec. 15.-The New York
Evening Sun financial review today
said:
Because of the rapidity with which
prices advanced in the last phase OF
Fridays stock market, today's short
session reflected not little profit tax.
ing, with consequent softness in the
general list. Trading was very restrict
ed but sentiment was good Attend
ance in commission houses and on the
floor of the stock exchange was hgAt.
Nervousness over the German danger
on the west front and the deep dejec-
tion of the railroad problem seem to
be passing away, Lloyd-George's opti-
mistic speech yesterday had a good deal
to do with aiding Wall Street to pierce
the gloom.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1917-12-15

The infant daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. Fred Hooker died Dec. 7th. Flu
neral services at st. Louis Saturday.
The many friends Of Father Seroski
will be glad to know that he has 50
mch improved as to soon be able to
leave the hospital.
Fred Edar sold six weeks and two
days old calf to Cutsforth Bros last
Saturday that brought him 1890
Some price for a veal
Mrs. Stella Gault of Portland has
been at the home Of her sister, Mrs.
John Goetjen, who has been i'll for
some time with pleurisy. but is better.
Dick Bowlev and Raymond Wander
~ came home from St. Johns Sat
urday night to say good bye to rela-
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1917-12-15
Can Your Wife Dress
On Three Hundred per Year?

Chicago, Dec 15.-Take this homo
and try it on your wife:
The Chicago Designers association
says any woman can dress on $500
year. Thus
Three or four pairs of shoes, $50;
three or four hats, $25; ten pairs ot
stockings, so; one corset, So; one
years under-elothing, $25; one year S
hairpins, buttons, ribbons, etc, $5;
spring suit, $50; two summer dresses,
$40; sport suit, $40; three or four
shirt-waists, 500; winter suit, $S5; coat
$25; three pairs Of gloves $40; party
dress $50; furs $50; miscellaneous, $l0.
Alexander Weiss, member Of the as
sociation, who is in charge of today's
style show at the LaSalle hotel, and
who furnished the list was reminded
that he had left out pettieoats.
Pettieoatsl" he echoed, 'what ara
they y
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1917-12-15

allegiance to the United States and to
its every effort to wage successful
war against Germany and her allies.
The majority of the men were Aus
trians All Of them we're foreign born.
In the resolutions adopted, they
swore to aid the government in the pres
ervation of foodstuffs; TO urge upon
all Austrians in the United States to
preserve peace toward this couissEy; to
refrain from crime against the laws
and to comply strictly with the regula-
tions promulgated BY the president.
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1917-12-15
SPECIAL HANDICAP MATCH.

In special handicap match bowled
on the Club alleys last night, Freeland,
a scratch man, carried off first prize.
Schafer with $50 pin handicap took
second; L. Sander with 80 pin handi-
cap took third. prize, one pin behind
Schafer Freeland rolled high game and
high average with PA and 1876 respect
lively. Another handicap match will be
rolled Sunday afternoon. Spectators are
welcome at these matches. Monson &
Doolittle are leading the ragtime tour
N q M nn,t NTH 1nHz Mn, -
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1917-12-15

London, Dec. 15.-Loss of a
British destroyer and two Brit
ish airships was announced to-
day by the admiralty.
"a non-rigid British airship
with a crew of five was destroy
ed in the North sea Tuesday" "
the statement said. "'Another
was forced to descend in Hol-
land on Wednesday. In a col
lsion Wednesday a British
destroyer was sunk Two were
drowned"
4 4 x x x x K 4 4 x Y < 4
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1917-12-15
FOREIGN Fishermen
Loyal to United States

Seattle, Wash, Dec. 15.-Three hun
dred foreign born fishermen, repre-
senting 5000 others about Puget Sound
met IN the Seattle labor temple last
night and adopted patriotic resoiutlsas
in which they pledged their undivided
Daily capital journal. (Salem, Oregon) 1903-1919, 1917-12-15
All Registrars Must
Appear at Salem

The board of legal advisers for regis
trants desires to correct statement
made to the effect that "registrants
could go to any lawyer for advice as
to his stansing, and that he need not
come to Salem. - The board says this
is not correct, and that all registrants
viii be required to appear before If
at the county court rovm for elassifica-
ton. Attention Of registrants is called
to the way the questionaires are sent
out, and they are required TO make
their appearance before the board as
soon as possible after the questions
are received. The questionaires viii be
sent out in their "order numbers" be-
ginning with today when the first batch
of 9S was mailed These are numbered
from ] to 9s, inclusive, and these re-
member are the forder numbers. :"
Monday another batch Of IS will be
sent out numbered from 80 to 1876, in