The Appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn. ;) 1889-19??, 1917-12-29

Cochba was the signal for another dev-
astation, but in 1876 Hadrian rebuilt
the city, called it Aelia Capitolina, and
generally paganized it. When the Ro-
man empire eventually became Chris
tan, the Jews acquired the right to
visit Jerusalem annually to lament
over the ruins Of their loved city. -
In 333 the Church of the Holy Sep
ulcher was founded. In 1862 Julian at
tempted to rebuild the temple, but was
prevented.
The next important epoch was
about 400, when the Empress Eudocia
visited Palestine and expended large
sums on the Improvement of the city.
A church was built above the pool Of
Sloan, and after having completely
= disappeared for many centuries it was
recovered by F. J.. Bliss when making
his exploration of Jerusalem.
The empress also erected a large
church in honor Of st. Stephen north
of the Damascus gate. The site Of
this church was discovered in 1874 and
it has since been rebuilt.
In 532 Justinian erected important
buildings, fragments Of which remain
incorporated with the mosque, but
these and the other Christian build
1ngs were ruined in about GA by the
destroying King Chosroes II.
Justinian a Builder.
A short breathing space was allowed
the Christians after this storm, and
then the young strength of Islam swept
over them. In 637 Omar conquered
Jerusalem after four months siege.
Under the comparatively easy rule Of
the Ommiad caliphs Christians did not
suffer severely. Though excluded
from the temple area, they were free
to use portions Of the Holy Sepulcher.
This, however, could not last under
the fanatical Fatimate caliphs, who
succeeded them, and the suffering of
the Christians then led to that ex-
traordinary series Of invasions COM
monty called the Crusades. The Cru
saders were semireligious and a
semi-military movement. They repre-
sented the passions and ideas of Eu-
rope In the twelfth and thirteenth GEN.
turies-its chivalry, it's hatred Of Mo-
hammedanism and it's desire to pos
sess the spots hallowed by the suffer-
ings of our Lord. Their long continu-
ance shows the intensity of the senti-
ments which possessed them. During
this period Palestine was harried for
about hundred years and the undy-
ing tradition Of which no doubt. re-
tarded the final triumph Of Christian
lty over the Arab. In 1247 Jerusalem
became subject to Egypt for 27O years
until the Ottoman sultan, Selim I, con.
quered Syria in 1917, and Turkish
possession has continued to the pres
ent day and under rule practically
without aAhistory.
SinguIarIy Situated.
In 1857 Jerusalem fell to Saladin,
who rebuilt it's walls. From 1929 to
1241 the German Christians held Je-
rusalem, but in 1914 a fearful mas
sacre swallowed up the last relics of
Christian occupation. In 1917 it was
conquered by the Sultan Selim I, and
since then it has been a Turkish city.
Selim's successor, Suleiman the Mag
nificent, restored the Notifications,
which since that time have been little
altered.
The situation Of Jerusalem is in
several respects singular among the
cities Of Palestine. It's elevation is re.
markable, occasioned not from it's be-
ing on the summit of one Of the nu-
merous hills Of Judea, like most of
the towns and villages, but because it
is on the edge of one of the highest
tablelands of the country.
Although to a certain, extent the
four hills on which it is built-Zion,
Moriah, AGRA and Bezetha-may still
be distinguished, their. actual bound,
aries cannot be traced. The contour
of these hills has been changed by the
accumulation Of debris of past centu-
ries. Jerusalem is connected with its