Norwich bulletin., 1917-06-04
THE WAR PRIMER By National Geographic Society.

Spanish Neniee-Few cities have experienced higher ups and lower downs in the tides of trade than the Spanish Venice, known in atlases as Cadiz, which if reports from Ma drid are authentic, Is now preening itself at the prospect of a renewal of prosperity at the close of the world war. If Germany should make this Anda1usian seaport g place of call for her transatiantic hners-a possibility hinging on the supposition that Eng land and France will not again extend the laospitalitfes of Southampton and Cherbourg to the Hamburg and Ere men steamens-there wlli be written another striking chapter in the story of one of the most interesting cities of western Europe. In a bulletin is- sued from it's Washington headauar- ters the National Geographic Society gives the following historical sketch of Cadiz:
 "A hundred years before Solomon began the erection of the Temple in JerusaIem the Pf1oenicians, who were to supply him with so much of the building material required, had found- ed city on the present site of Cadiz and called it Agadir. AGadir was the great western center for Phoenicia 6 trade in amber and tn during the heyday of Tyres prosperity. When the daring sea- merchants from the eastern shores of the Mediterranean had sailed their last viyage they were
 
 ians. at the end of the sixth century before the Christian era. The sub jects of the descendants of Queen Dido used the seaport as base for their conquest of southern Iberia and .ater as an out fitting station for Hannibal's and Harnilcar's expeditions against Rome. In the Second Punic War, however. the inhabitants of the town sided with the Romans and aid ed in the equipment of an expedition against Carthage.
 When Agadir passed under the domination of the Eternal City it be- came known as Gades, and soon rose to opulence and power. Its trade in dried fish, meats and the varied pro- ducts of the rich valley now known as Guadalquivir was enormous and 'Gades the Joyous was the phrase ap- piled to it by the Latin historian Juv- enal who records the fame of its cooking and it's beautiful dancing girls. Both Julius and Augustus Caesar bestowed special privileges on it's citizens who came to rank next in power and privileges to the inhabi- tants of the imperial city itself.
 Scarcely a trace remains of the Roman days all the architectural fea- lures of this period of the city's his tory having been swept away by the Visigoths in the fifth century of our era.
 The oriental aspect of present day Cadiz is the result of five and a half centuries of Moorish occupation, but in 12S2 Aiphonse x of Castle succeed ed in wrestling the town from the Mo hamedans Two hundred and fifty years later, with the discovery of America the city entered upon a third era of prosperity. rivaliing, if not sur passing the glory of It's Phoenician and of it's Roman days. The silver galieohs' bearing the treasures of the Kew World made this their home city and it soon became the wealthiest seaport of Spain and therefore of western Europe for the Dons were pl | that age the foremost power of the Christian world.
 ''The revivin@ prosperity of Cadiz brought in it's train many misfortunes. however. It's wealth exsSted the envy and cupidsty of other nations and during the 18th, 11th and 18th centu- ries it was repeatedly bonibardeu and On one occasion sacked. But as late as TITO, despite the hardshfps which numerous eieges entatied, it was sEll a weaitfier city than London.
 "The citizens of Cadiz defended it against the French in 1910 and sub sequently the siege was raised by the Duke of Wellington.
 "Spains famous Liberal Constitu- tfon of 1872 was promulgated in Cad