davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10
IS TURNING OUT
 MANY FINISHED PRODUCTS, BUT
 CAN PRODUCE MANY MORE

While the crying need of Birmingham has been said to be diversified indus tries," statistics compiled by the Cham- Der of Commerce show that there are 800 different finished articles made in Bir- mingham.
 It is true that a very small percentage of the steel manufactured in Birming ha m is turned out into finished products, and it is the expressed belief of the indus trial leaders that Birmingham must uti- lize more of its raw materials here
 IN CASE OF WAR
 Birmingham, in event of war, could fur nish great stores of iron and steel for the uses of the government but the ma- jority of it's plants are not equipped for turning out munitions One machine shop kere has filled government orders for shells. The steel plants are rolling siarapnel shapes, while barbed wire, used in trench protection. is being made by two great Alabama mills.
 A review of the various enterprises in Birmingham force the conclusion that Birmingham is the greatest industrial cen ter in the south.
 One company alone gives employment to more than 10000 men, and the city has a pay roll of more than $1s000.000 week.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10

plant that manufactures beds, springs and thousands of mattresses annually. It's coke production soaring to 100000 tons annually, the Birmingham district conserves the by-products of the coal. The Tennessee company, the Semet-Sol- way company. the Woodward Iron com pany and the Barrett company have bat teries of by-product coke ovens. Some of the companies carry the operations of the by-product ovens to such an extent that 400 by-products of coal are recovered during the process. The majority recov- CTS the tar, ammonium sulphate, the ben zol and toluol.
 - The by-products of coal that are re- covered in this manner will amount to many millions of dollars annually.
 MINERALS OF STATE
 Chemically, Birmingham has two great plants. the Semet-Solvay and the Gras- self Chemical company. Incidentally, Alabama has the following minerals to offer to chemists: Alum shale. baryta, bauxite, coal corundum, graphite, hal- loysite, iron. kaolin, limestone, manga nese, orthoclase. feldspar. pyrites, salt, silica, steatite, tale, umber, venician red, yellow ochre.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10
ASSOCIATED PRESS
 WRITER DESCRIBES
 BATTLE IN FRANCE
Says Victory in Champagne on Thursday Was More Important Than at
 First Thought

From Staff Correspondent of the Associated Press with the French Armies in Champagne, France, March 9.-The success of the French troops Thursday between Butte Du Menil and Maisons de Champagne was even more important than was thought at first. The troops advanced along 15O0-metre front to a depth ranging from 600 to 800 metres, oc- cupying all points. The casualties of the Germans were very heavy, and up to the present 136 prisoners, in cluding three officers, have been counted.
 Throughout Wednesday night and Thursday morning the French artil- lery of every calibre had shelled heavily the German line. Every gun was trained on trenches and block houses opposite the French line
 The Associated Press correspondent saw the first infantrymen chamber out of the front trench and proceed at slow pace across No Mans Land. preceded by al complete curtain of fire from the arti'
 (Continued on Page Two.l
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10
Summary of the News
CENERAI. NExxS


 GENERAL NEWS l-WilxOn to arm ships mt once. Special session of Congress is called.
 Alabama members will enjoy short visits home. Government maintafnss absolute secrecy as to method of arming vessels.
 Birmingham turning out many finished products. but can pro- N duce many more. 2-Zinlm ermann says Germany has spoken last word to the United States and will continue subma- rine warfare to the end. 9-CaIhoun citizens see governor in behalf of Judge Whltesfde.
 LOCAL NEWS 3-Automobile show closes tonight after big success. 5-Claims of Muscle Shoals to be pre- sented to board. Cost of delivery heavy item with grocers who went to aid house. wife. S-sociaI workers to gather here.
 FEATUnES l-EditOrial comment. ssoctety snd Dolly nalrynple. S-sports.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10

Birmingham, in the center of a district that will produce nearly 3,OOO,000 tons of pig iron in 1917, 1,O0O,000 tons of steel shapes and nearly 100000 tons of coke, is not overlook ling the advantages that obtain from this condition.
 Of the pig iron manufactured in Birmingham nearly 50 per cent is used | for local consumption, if the pig iron converted into steel at the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad company is taken into account.
 Birmingham has six immense cast iron pipe companies that manufacture nearly s2a 900, 900 worth of sewer and soil pipe annually These plants consume a rela- lively small amount of the pig iron pro- duced.
 The Fairfield plant of the American Steel and Wire company converts much O; the steel into barbed wire, nails and other finished wire commodities. SHOPS AND BOUNDARIES Birmingham has more than 15 large ma chine shops and foundries. Perhaps the greatest need in Birmingham is suffi- ciently large number of plants equipped 1 to turn out finished products from the raw steel that is made by the immense open hearth furnaces of the Tennessee 1 Coal. Iron and Railroad company at Ens- Hey
 1 A very small amount of the steel manu- 1 factured in Birmingham is converted into | finished products in Birminghann The ma chine shops of Birmingham turn out sl5 ooO, 900 in finished machines and other commodities annually. the principal ma chimes being Corliss engines, mining 1 hoists. air compressors and sugar mill machinery.
 ] One of the most profitable ventures ot 1 the Birmingham machine shops is that of ma nufacturing sugar mill machinery. The Birmingham companies are doing an ex- tensive business in the tropics in selling | these machines. ~ OTHER FINISHED PRODUCTS Then there are virtually hundreds of the smaller finished products that the Bir- mingham foundries and machine shops are making. steel forgngs. automobile adjuncts, boilers, bolts. nuts, bed springs steel bridges, bronze castings. buggies. car wheel and other metal products,
 Birmingham has one of the largest stove
 factories in the south. It possesses !
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10
Secretary Daniels Issues Appeal to Nation Not to Pry Into Plans of the
 Government NO NEWS WILL BE
 GIVEN OUT BY NAVY This Action Is Considered Necessary for Protection of Shipping and Lives
 of Americans on Seas

Washington, D. G., March 3. Lacking legal authority to es- tablish general censorship, the administration tonight ap- pealed to the patriotism of the country's newspapers and cable companies to suppress publica- tion and transmission of infor- nation about the movements |of American merchant craft, now to be armed against Ger man submarines.
 "The best news that readers can have," Secretary Daniels said, Is that the government will protect the rights of Amer jeans to the freedom of the seas.
 "aThe publication of details
 can serve no good purpose and might jeopardize human Ife.'' 1 MT. Daniels has determined not to
 reveal any of the departments plans
 for carrying out the policy ordered by
 President Wilson. He previously has
 stated, however, that the navy is pre- pared to carry out the instructions. Navy yard commandants will superin- ! tend the actual installation of guns on merchant craft. The rifles range from heavy 6-inch rifles to 3-inch weapons and smaller guns. The number of guns to 20 on each ship, the personnel seelcted to handle the guns. the time of sailing, or the names of ships that have been armed will not be disclosed.
 DANIELS STATEMENT
 Secretary Daniels in a statement to the newspaper men said:
 You have read the statement issued from the White House and now you know that the President has the power to arm American merchant ships making trips on the seas on lawful errands, and is free to exercise 1t at once. do not think you ought to ask with what guns they will be armed or how they will be manned or exactly when the power will be exer- cised. The government should be trusted fully to carry out the policy announced in the best way.
 T do not think you ought to ask when the ships will be armed or print when they will sail. Today I requested every tContinued on Page Two.p
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10

The length of the special session, the legislation it will enact and the debates that may mark it's progress will depend largely on just what the President expects in the shape of legislation, what results from the arrning of American merchant ships against German submarines and the way the new House of Representa- tiyes conducts itself with it's evenly balanced membership.
 The democrats control the new Senate by 12 votes and it can be safely counted upon to stand behind the President III almost anything he asks in handling the German situation. The little group of pacifists is still, there, but their power "a defeat legislation would be negligible In a long session even without the modified cloture rule which the Senate adopted yesterday.
 The new House may organize republican ar der.ocratic or an effort may be made to efrect a coalition organisn ton, but it's leaders say it will make but little dif- ference which party controls when it comes to questions involving the Handling of international problems.
 When the President goes beyond lesis- lation of this character, however, he may not have such easy sailing. The Congress that ended with the famous dlbuster against the armed neutrality
 l~ex <c ro1 ,1o rSY a measures besides appropriaten bills which inc administration probably will ask again tt the coming session. x
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10

Appropriation bills which failed in- cluded the army, sundry civil. general de- ficiency and military academy bills, car rying altogether more than $500,0 900. COO.
 General legislation urged by the Pres ident included an act to supplement the Adam son railroad law, enlargement of
 the interstate commerce commission. con servation laws, including a general dam and water power bills. the Webb bill to legaliza joint selling agencies and land l leasing bill
 l Although the appropriation bills that failed had gone through the old House they must go through the new one again,
 but unless there are radical changes in l the measures that the House repasses.
 but little time need be lost in the Sen ate.s where the committees will be. vir- 1 tually unchanged. The appropriation bills
 must be passed by. July 1, when the fed- eral fiscal year ends. and this will be a ] spur to action.
 | On general legislation the President may encounter serious opposition for there are several bills on the programme which did not meet kindly receptions in l the Senate committees when taken up be- fore. Several of them will be ready for
 the Senate when it meets and can be acted upon without waiting on the House l The special session of the Senate which began Mcncay will not in any way in
 terfere with the coming session of both
 branches Senate leaders predicted today. lit would not last beyond the end of next
 week. Committees probably will be com
 ploted Monday. and with confirmation of a few nominations adjournment prob ably will be taken.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10
Those Absent From Wash ington Must Hurry Return
 for the Extra Session .
BANKHEAD LEAVES TO JOIN NITRATE BOARD
Underwood Unable to Come on Ac- count of Newland's Railroad In- quiry-Republicans May
 Organize House
By HUGH w. ROBERTS

Washington, D. O., March 9 Especial. Announcement hy President Wilson this after noon that, Congress would be convened in extraordinary ses- sion April IS, means that Ala bama members who are at or en route home will have to sst turn right around and come back again. 7
 In Alabama at present are Repre- sentatives Blackmon, Almon, Oliver Burnett, Steagall and Bankhead Representatives Gray and Huddlestor left for Alabama tonight. Represents
 (Continued on Page TwoD
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10

Only seven or the nine justices are sit- ting in the case. Justices Brandeis and McReynolds retired voluntarily, in ac- cordance with the court custom; The for mer. it is understood. did so because of public expressions made before his ap- pointment regarding the so-calied steel trust Justice McReynolds. while attor- ney general. participated in the federal prosecution, which was begun in 1911. < Assistant AttorneS General Todd pie tured the corporation as an over-capi- talized colossal supercombination'' of competing units. producing approximately one-half of the nations iron and steel output and controlling assets of more than 5000, oO00OO.
 Richard V. Lindabury. for the defense, contended that the sherman law does not prohibit combinations merely for size ana power alone. Proportionaxe produc. T
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10

The decision coming at the end of period of tense wait ng generally hailed the natural and unavoidable next step policy adopted by the President when he broke off diplomatic relations with Germany and gave warning that the United States could tolerate attacks American ships and citizens in violation of international law.
 Fraugh with the grave possibility of with Germany the action taken by President Wilson only after he convinced that Germany actually proceeding with her
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10

ton by the corporation he said has de- creased to 4O.S per cent.
 The Gary dinners. the defendants coun- sel explained. were begun by President Gary of the corporation during the stress of the 1907 panic ito prevent it's spread over the whole industry" He said the lower court had found the price mainte- nance involved at these dinners was con tinued too long. but had been .discon- tinued.
 E Competition between subsidiaries of the corporation before they were merged. MT. Lindabury asserted. was not extensive. Many of the subsidiaries lost their su- premacy in their particular branch of the trade before the corporation was formed" said MT. Lindabury. The record shows the most strenuous competition in
 tContinaed on Page TwoD
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10
Government Maintains Absolute Secrecy As to the Methods of Arming Vessels; Newspapers Requested to Keep Silent
SOME HGHLIGHTS ON ALABAMA FOR
 NITRATE BOARD

The Birmingham mineral district produced during 1916
 Iron ore ................. <. Pig iron ..........,............ Coke ............... Steel billets ....................
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10
Issues Statement HWdinq He Has PoWer 10 Act, N%WHhstanding Defe0t of Neutreslt ny BlH in the Senate, But Wishes Other
 Branch In Session


proclamation the extra oC shoudbe extra of onmu m e of of proai of the in in
  h to aca edtot of onel hundred
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10
LEADERS OF TWO PARTIES APPROVE
 PRESIDENTS CALL
There is Strong Feeling That Legislative Branch of Government Should Remain Active Dur ing Time of Stress, and Now That Extra Session is Assured Members
 Are Relieved
tContinued on Page Tvo)

Washington March 9Leaders of both parties in Congress greeted with approval President Wilson's call for special sion April i6 There has been feeling particularly in the Senate Congress should be in Washington when the Pres don't takes any step further the German situation
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10
Argument NoW Being Heard Tn he Government Suit 10 Dissobe. Steel Corporation

Washington dissolution
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10

of the ssuedap of
 
 
 merchantmen without action by Congress  Americans and their ships permitting the information
  Preside 0
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-10

 n production coal
 n
 in production n production o
 Aabamaf for
 2000O,O00 tons year
  lotenialw lwaerpo O graphite operated by hydro electric of the the United States Bmning Anerca all the United States  and of am east farm hundred of
  plants in thissta area and of their kind phosphate fertilizer in south for fertilizer of Alabama making this fertilizer the
  ton to the o site by munton plants Alabama production do include electric steel which rapidly be
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-22

sneered at "the contemplate little British
army"
Turning now to the Russian front, there
have been interesting incidents since /
closed my review of last week, without any
great or decisive change. AS closed my
article of last week, it will be recalled
that commented upon the success of the
Russians south of the Dniester and in the
direction of Halicz This was on July 9.
During the next four days this Russian
success grew and spread, until it seemed
to be grave menace to the whole German
position in Galicia between the Styr and
the Carpathians.
On this front the situation was as fol-
lows: The Austro-German army was
standing in front Of Lemberg and some
forty miles to the eastward of the town.
It's northern flank rested upon the Styr
River, its centre was pushed forward
along the Zlota Lipa River, its southern
flank curved back from the Zlota Lipa
River to point just east and north of the
mouth of the Gnila Lipa River, which en-
tiers the Dniester opposite Halicz. South
ward of the bniester the Austro-G German
army stood at the Bystritza River, straight
southwark to the Carpathian Mountains.
The only town of Importance in this region
was the small city of Stanislau, which had
been captured by the Russians last Deem
Der, and this marked the extreme southern
point of their advance in their campaign
of last year.
The two armies of the Central Porw-
ers standing north and south of the
Dniester made contact not far from the
point where the Gnila Lipa River enters
the Dniester, and the Russian attack, NOV
ing north and west out Of StaniNau,
forced the passage Of the Bystritza Ever
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-22

against the British, and it measured less
than mile in front and less than quar-
ter of a mile in depth. Up to this mo-
ment no British gun had been captured IN
more than two years, and no British force
as a unit had been taken since the second
Ypres. Here. after all, frankly recognlz-
ing the complete success of this particular
German operation, is the measure OF Ger
man offensive achievement in year OF
terrific struggle.
Perhaps before this article reaches the
readers hand we shall have another Brit
ish attack. Every sign points to it. Un-
less the conditions have entirely changed
we shall see an attack more successfui
than those of the past, because each Brit
ish attack has been more successful IMAM
IFS PREDECESSOR. That the British army
can now break the German line with
a sudden thrust seems to me unlikely
rather than impossible. In the past year
the British army has worn out the German
more terrifically than any German had
considered possible, ana this ID iouiiu' nv
in British comment, but in the captured
reports of General Sixt Won Arnim at the
time of the Somme. Field-Marshal Sir
Douglas Haig told me that between July
and February the Germans had used one
hundred and thirty-three and half divl-
sions on the Western front. The number
L., conn far hevond this now In the fur
mace of the Somme all that was best IN
the German army was ground up, and
after the Somme the German army has
never displayed the same spirit in its con-
fiicts with the British.
If we keep our eyes fixed on trench lines
and accept the German formula that every
engagement is a German victory which
does not result in the piercing Of the Ger
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-22

achievement goes beyond the measurement
which we can get here. Before this war
is over believe that we shall have further
and far more impressive evidence OF the
moral superiority which the British army
has gained over the German. When l
came back from the British army last
spring my readers here will remember
what | said about the moral supremacy
which the British army felt it had, indi-
vidually and collectively, over the Ger
mans. This was before Arras and before
the third battle of Ypres. 1t was based
entirely upon the Somme. But what the
moral exaltation of the British army after
Arras and Ypres must be it is not DIM
cult to estimate.
Now, in all that time, what has the Ger
man army accomplished against the Brit
ish9 What has it to set against the capt
ure of more than seventy-fve thousand
German troops and more than four hum
dred guns? What has it to show beyond
the fact that its line has not yet been
pierced and that by retreating it has pre-
served the continuity of its line from
Flanders to Switzerland? The answer is
this: A few days ago two British battalions
north of the User River, temporarily de-
rrived of the support Of British fleet
were annihilated by sudden German at
tack after their bridges had been cut be-
hind them. The German official report
claims the capture of 1850 British, with
a certain amount of material. This is
the greatest German capture Of the year
against the British. 1t is the most consld-
.rabls eain made by q German offensive
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-22
A Years Record

Looking backward now over the year
that lies between the opening of the Battle
~ the Somme and the close of the third
WIRES. we see certain facts. In that
period of time the British have taken up
ward of four hundred guns--a testimonial
more eloquent than the capture OF thirty
eight thousand prisoners at the Somme'
twenty thousand prisoners at Arras or
seven thousand prisoners at Ypres. Ihey
have driven the Germans back over a
front in places twenty miles deep. They
have mastered all the weapons which were
n German hands when the war began and
were unknown TO the civilian army OF
Britain. More than this, each successive
effort Of the British army has been techni-
ca,lv better in military sense, more eff
lent and more successful than that which
,rsceded il. and each has shown newer
snd completer mastery of the conditions,
~. wes mons and the methods Of contempt
rary warfare. a,..
such ia the history Of year OF conflict
between the Briton and the Teuton. IL
con he shown on the map, as l have tried
~ show II. by an area Of reconquered ter
r,tory. II will be recounted in history IN
the story of three great victories--'ne
somne, Arrss and Ypres--but the ac'oa'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-22

man lines and the rupture Of the German
front, which does not result in general
retreat, we shall totally misunderstood
what has taken place on the British front
and some day will be bewildered by what
does take place The British army has
demonstrated its superiority in all respects
over the German. The extent of this su-
periority has not yet led to a Leipzig, to
a Sedan, or to Waterloo, but it has led to
German defeats more destructive OF Ger
man confidence in the ranks than any
Napoleonic failure before Leipzig. The
invincibility of the German army has been
demonstrated to be legend by the new
army of Great Britain and her Dominions
in one short year, and believe firmly that
if the war continues with unchanged con-
ditions on the Western front for another
year we shall see German disaster COM
parable with that of Lee when he endeav-
ored to hold too long to his trenches before
Richmond. If the Germans again retreat
to escape such disaster the meaning will
still be unacceptable.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-07-22
Triumph Of the New Army

In Bsitish history the third battle OF
Ypres will rank with the first. The first
was the success of little army lacking in
every mechanical weapon save only their
rifles, outnumbered, outgunned, three to
one. five to one. 1t was the story OF an
army which died on the spot, leaving few
survivors barely holding on. The third
Ypres was the triumph of new British
army. possessing all the material devices
Of modern warfare and possessing techni-
cal efficiency in their use. 1t possessed all
the qualities needed to demonstrate that
ENGLAND had arrived and passed her foe,
whose chief, three years before, had