davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
(61) RECIPES
For Preparing Fish and Oysters
VIII Be Sent Free.

Do you know that salt fish and
smoked fish are an inexpensive sub
stltute for meats; that you can Law in a
supply of them when prices are right
that viii keep all winter; that there
are over half hundred tempting WAYS
OF preparing them for the table?
The chances are you do not know
these things. For statistics show that
the American people consume less
than two pounds of salt and smoked
fish per capita in a year And most
of this small amount is eaten bv for
eign residents.
With winter of high prices before
you, YOU cannot afford to neglect any
longer this important class of foods.
You do not know what kinds of fish
to ask for in the market? You do not
know how to prepare them for the
table?
These questions are answered by
experts of the bureau of fisheries in a
bulletin which gives sixty-one recipes
for the use of salt and smoked fish.
You cannot afford to be without this
reliable and up-to-date work.
Fill in the attached coupon and mail
with a 2-cent stamp. The offering in
cludes a pamphlet on oysters and one
on how to salt fish in your own home.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
SKIDS ALREADY
/ UNDER GERMANY
IS U. S. VERSION
Prediction of New Peace Prop
uganda Proves Correct.
Believe Next Offer Will Be To
Slice AIsace-LOrraine.
NOTHING ACCEPTABLE YET
Only Vague Proposals To Stir
Up Pacifists Abroad.
Fears Winter Campaign and U.
5. Strength Next Year. ~
Prediction of New Peace Prop
uganda Proves Correct.
Believe Next Offer Will Be To
Slice AIsace-LOrraine.
NOTHING ACCEPTABLE YET
BY CARL d. GROAT.

Washington, Sept. 27.-Germany-
weakening. tho not beaten-is making
desperate effort for peace in the
fear of Americas might next year.
International experts today repeated
TINS declaration even more emphat-
ically than they have voiced it for
weeks past-on the strength of Secre-
tary of War Bakers official war re-
view showing that Germany's punch"
is waning.
The government was informed long
ago that Germany would start a new
propaganda for peace to avoid a win
ter campaign and the effects of Amer
ica's participation in the war German
replies to the vatican prove the in
formation was entirely correct. Ger
manys moves now are looked upon
here as an appeal to pr cifist opinion.
Secretary Baker Reviews War.
Bakers war review-the first of a
weekly series-shows that the enemy
does not feel himself able to undertake
the much advertised offensive action
so often boosted of at home during
the past summer in order to end the
war VIGOROUSLY by Christmas.
The report shows Russian resistance
stiffening; the Austrians using only
one division as reserve in their Italian
campaign; while the British and
French artillery, infantry and air
craft have done most spectacular work
the past week. Sch a situation means
that Germany is on the down grade.
With the military situation thus
shaping much to Germany's disad-
vantage, experts here see clearly that
her peace maneuvers are based on a
real internal desire for peace above
which rises the spectre of a terrible
beating if the struggle goes on.
Anticipated Belgium Offer.
Germanys latest peace move, a
suggestion that Germany is willing to
pay her share" of damages and grant
independence to Belgium with the
Teutons free to develop economically
there squares with word printed
recently by the United Press based on
official embassy messages here. That
outline said Germany, in addition to
offering Belgium Independence, would
also agree to slicing up A1sace-Lor-
raine between Germany and France.
This overture is felt here to be
still a possibility.
But officials are turning a deaf ear
on all the German peace talk, mas
much as it contains no suggestion for
elimination of Hohenzollernism which
President Wilson says is the only pos
sible basis upon which a peace con-
ference be assembled.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
SAYS HE'LL NAME THEM
Helm Declares There Are DisIoyal
Men in the House.

Washington. Sept. 26.-"I1l name
them" Renewing his charges. Repre-
sentative Heflin, Alabama, made that
statement today, and added, There
are disloyal men in this house and
when the time comes I'll give their
names and tell why 1 brand them as
disloyal."
He demanded an investigation of
how Won 3ernstorff spent the $4,000
"slush funds"
There is on foot now said Heflin,
"a movement to change the direction
of this investigation from an inquiry
into Bernstorff's slush fund to an ex-
animation of me. 1 wish 1 could say
all members of congress were loyal
but any unbiased observer from the
gallery can see when war measures
come before this house where certain
members sympathize."
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
Early Morning Gossip.
(FVrnished by the Topeka Board of Trade

Minneapolis wheat stocks have increased
OOO0 bushels thus far this week.
Elevator stocks of wheat in Kansas City
have increased 1874 bushels thus far this
week and corn stocks increased 1861 bush
els
The oats crop of Canada this year is 400
million bushels, according to Il report from
Ottawa yesterday. Whether this is an
official estimat.. is not stated. II is larger
than expected. The crop last year was
551 bushels and two years ago 52i million
bushels.
conference of representatives of
boards of trade will be held In Chicago
October IL to discuss the subject of
ma ximum price for new corn. The present
ma xiRum on all corn futures is IDS in
Kansas City and Chicago and no new buy
ing, except to October short sales, is per-
mitted on the Kansas City board
The wheat yield in Spain, according to
an official report was IA million bushels
or more than II million larger than last
year. This is sufficient for normal do
nestle requirement, but the government
has authorized the purchase of a certain
quantity of foreign grain as precautionary
measures to maintain stocks.
message from John inglfs reports !:
From Charlton to Ottumwa, Ia, fully so
per cent of the corn will require two to
three weeks to mature. Much late corn
has been damaged by frost south of Ali
bia and Ottumwa. Many places In this
district will average 80 bushels to the acre
and others viii fall below 50 bushels
Heavy rains fell at Creston.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
FROST WAS LIGHT
tContinued from rage One.

IOOhtIfuPW ITOH I-HgH tIhet
temperatures of the fall, the low mark
being AZ at o'clock this morning.
Dodge City recorded a. light frost and
reported a low temperature of SO for
the night
The official forecast promises fair
and warmer weather for. tonight and
Friday. The mercury, however, will
not pass the IS mark today and will
stay below 20 tomorrow. Tonight the
low temperature will be around so
degrees.
The highest temperature on record
for this date was 95, in 1911, and the
lowest, SO, in 1889.
The river was reported as falling
this morning in spite of the down
pour of Wednesday. The reading this
morning was 4.S feet-.1 foot below
the stage recorded Wednesday.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
Their Patriotic Duty.
MUST RESTORE POLAND
Pope's Plan Believed to Oppose Ger
man Plan Kaiser Regency.

Rome, Sept. 27-Restoration of
Riga and '.au other Russian terri
tory now held by the Germans was
explicitly and implicitly suggested in
the pope's appeal, according to a
vatican announcement to the United
Press today.
The announcement was taken to
mean that Germany must relinuuish
her plans for a kingdom of Poland.
with German regency to meet the
pope's conditions of peace
1t was also reported today that the
Holy See had advised Germany that
the pope will view with active dis
pleasure any attempt in Germany to
restrict the liberties of Matthias Erz-
berger. the clerical (Catholic) Liberal
leader or the Catholic press which is
firmly supporting a remuneration
ist program.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
I0DAY'S MARKET REPORTS

Chicago, Sept. 27.-CORN-Belief that
frost damage had not been serious and
that the crop outlook remained good
despite the predictions of more frost to-
night had a bearish influence today on
corn. The short interest appeared to
have been largely eliminated Houses with
seaboard connection bought on the decline.
Opening prices which ranged from the
same yesterdays finish to &c lower at
81. pos to $1.21 December and S117A to
Sis May, were followed by a slight rally
and then decided downturn all around.
Falling off in country offerings with a
subsistence of profit taking by holders led
afterward to a general rally. which. how
ever. failed to last. The close was weak.
9sc to &c net lower at 81 201s to $1.20A
December and S1.17A to S117A May.
OATS-Oats eased down with corn. The
general rains however. acted as check
on the bears.
PRoVISIoNS-A selling drive on Oc-
tober ribs caused material break in the
price of the delivery. Other provisions
hardened as result of a fresh advance in
the value of hogs
New high records were touched in some
cases but realizing Sales by holders were
much in evidence. Offerings, however. were
readily absorbed.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
Morning Grain Gossip.
Furnished by the Topeka Board of Trader

New York, Sept. 27.-Financial Bulletin /:
An irregular trading stock market of cross
currents is expected. Larger offerings
appear during strength.
The active list promises to be more two
sided for time We think active operators
viii get results on both sides if satisfied
with moderate profits. Bullish operations
are likely to be more of the speciality char
acter and quick purchases in specialties
when strong and active should give turns.
Generally speaking profits should not be
ignored on bulges and buying opportuni-
ties ought to be sought chiefly ON reac-
tons. Pool channels are bulling Ohio
Cities Gas, United Fruit and Atlantic Gulf
and West Indies.
Chicago. Sept. 27.-The Herald saws:
With the big short sellers who have been
a factor of late out of the market few
of the largest local operators are able to
send prices up or down at critical mo-
ments by liberal purchases or sales Many
were bullfsh last night but a number of
large operators regard the market for
corn and oats as showing an easy under
tone and sale on bulges. January pro
visions are said to be largely oversold.
Buying of y little pork sent 1t up 81. 30
lard so cents and short ribs 81 from the
low point yesterday. Lard and ribs held
the greater part Of the gain while pork
reacted 40 cents from the top. Prices for
pork and ribs are the highest known.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
Kansas City Live stock Market,

Kansas City, Sept OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
4. 900 Market Zoe higher, Bulk of sales.
SIS. 7Oa19.3O heavy, $1,000 1870; packers
and butchers, S1S.S0Gt 1880; light, S1s.5Om
Is. 20; pigs, S15.00Q10.5O.
CATTLE-Reeeipts 1000. including 400
southerns. Market steady to strong. Prime
fed steers, $6.1OOG17.O0 dressed beef steers.
southern steers $T.00@11 so; cows, 5000
1000; heifers. S1.OOd13.OO; stockers and
feeders. S7O0@13.00; bulls, s6.o0Qs.00;
SHEEP-Receipts 1000. Market steady.
Lambs, S16.5@17.2a: yearlings, S12. O06l
1850; wethers, S11.O0G1250: eve. S1O.OO@
1L5O; stockers and feeders, $S.O0d1T.50,
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27

Market &c higher. No. mixed 81 96@ 81 !:
No. 3, s195@1 90; No. white, 81 12@2. u !;
No. 3, nominal; No. yellow, $200@202 :;
No. 3, nominal
oATS-Market Re higher. No. 2 white,
&c; No. 2 mixed, 60@601ac.
RYE-$1. S2@1.S3.
KAFIR AND MILO MAIZE-s4. goat. 30
HAY-Market steady to 81 higher Choice
timothy, S20.G0@21.00 choice prairie, $3.50
Ql9 90; choice alfalfa. $25.o0G28.O0.
SHORTS-$2.1 0Q225.
BRAN-$1.50.
WHEAT-Receipts 6S cars
BUTTER-Market unchanged.
POULTRY-Market unchanged
EGGS-Firsts see: seconds, zoe
CORN-Close: September. 81 90; Deem
Der, S1.19A 1.19ss; May, $1.15%.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
Chicago Live stock Market.

Chicago, Sept. N.--HOGS-Receipts =
600. Market strong. 15c above yesterday $
average. Bulk of sales, S1s.S0d1935; light,
SIS. 206I19.40; mixed. $1s,20@ 1850; heavy,
$1s.20M19.40; rough, s1s2oq1 1910; pigs,
$14 25M1S.1G.
CATTLE Receipts 1900. Market weak.
Native beef cattle, S7.25@17.T5; western
steers. $640Q 1880; stockers and feeders,
Sc 25@11 cows and heifers, S5.10Q12 so /;
calves S1O.e0m1GOO.
SHEEP-Receipts 1000. Market weak
Wethers, $S.90G12-50: lambs. S12.754l1TI5 10.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27

Wall ST.. New York, Sept. 2I.-STOCKS-
The market followed its course Of recent
gradually diminishing. Early gains were
succeeded by numerous irregular declines.
United States Steel dropped a point to yes
terday's minimum of 40 and related
shares lost as much. Speculative issues.
notably the Motors, reacted to 21a points
and rails were fractionally lower.
Money conditions were again potent
factor, call loans opening at per cent.
Liberty bonds were freely traded In at par
to l0c.04.
featured the initial dealings on the stock
exchange today at average advances Of a
point some of the more speculative war
shares recording greater gains. These
were counter balanced by the heayiness of
General Electric. General Motors, Ohio Gas
and Mailing preferred. Trading was light
but without any trace of yesterdays re-
actiOQary trend
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
FUNSTON MAN KILLED
Unidentified Body, Presumably That
of Soldier, Is Found.

Camp Funston, Junction City. Kan.
Sept. z7.-An unidentified mangled
body which is supposed to be that of
member of the new national army
at Camp Funston, was found today on
the railroad tracks about 400 yards
east of the station.
There was nothing to identify the
body except several keys on a ring
which bore the name of a st. louis
clothing firm. -40
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27

In. re. sprinps over lbs, 19c; roosters
lie; shaggy yound ROSTERS. lSc; orollerss
. lbs. and under, 21c.
E(sGS-S9@l40c
Eggs retailing in Topeka, 4uc-
BCTTER-43G41c.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
VISITS FRENCH FRONT
Premier Lloyd George Returns Home
After Days in France.

London, Sept. 27.-Premier L1ovd
George, accompanied by Gen. Sir VIII
liam r. Robertson. chief of the i'm
perial staff, left London for France
on Monday night, according to offic-
ial announcement He had a confer
ence with NJ. Painleve. the French
premier, on Tuesday and afterwar
visited Field Marshal Sir Douglas
Haig at British headquarters in
France. He returned to London to-
night.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27

(The following sales were made this morn
ing at the Stock Yards, Kansas City, and
reported over long distance telephone di-
rect to the State Journal by Clay Robin
son & Co., live stock commission ner-
chants.)
Kansas City, Sent. 27.-CATTLE-Re-
ceipts 1000 head Market strong to high
err
HOGs-Receipts 1000 head Market Zoe
higher Bulk of sales, $1S.406I 80; top,
S19.4c.
SHEEP-Receipts 1000 head. Lambs
S1775 Market steady.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
Chicago Grain and Pork Market.

Chicago, Sept e-CORN-Close De-
cember, 81, POS @1.2OA May. $1.17A @117%
OATS-September, 595s a 59% December,
5S3sc; May, 61R@61%c.
PORK-Sept., $4110; Oct, $4,000; Jan,
S47.4j.
LARD-sept, $500; Oct, $500; JAN,
$24.1G.
SHORT .RIBs-sept, $2675; Oct. $2e5o;
JAM S25 20
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
TREASON THE VERDICT
Former Russ Minister of War Given
Hard Labor for Life.

Petrograd, Sept. 27.-General Suk-
homlinoff. former minister of war,
was found guilty of TT ason today and
sentenced to Imprisonment at hard
labor for life
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
DUTY OFF TOBACCO
Smokes to Sammies From L. s. Enter
France Free of Revenue

Paris. Sept. 27.-Tobaeco sent to
American soldiers henceforth will en-
ter FIR nee free of duty. Similar ar
rangements already have been made
as regards British, Belgian, Russian
and Portuguese troops fighting in
France.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
COAL STRIKE"
Announcement Leaks From
Washington Conference.
Norfolk and Frisco Shipyard
Strikers Return to Work.

Washington, Sept. 2I.-Speedy ads
justment of the soft coal miners wage
demands was assured today when
Rembrandt Peale. operators adviser
to Fuel Administrator Garfield, said
there will be no coal strike A COM
promise wage increase which will be
passed on to the consumer by Car
field, increasing the operators prices
at the mines, is expected to be the out
come of the joint conference here
With return of the Norfolk navy
yard strikers today and a temporary
agreement reached in the San Fran
cisco shipbuilders' strike, the national
labor situation outlook improved. The
governments shipyard wage adjust
ment board is at work on a settlement
for the Portland and Seattle shipping
troubles with the presidents Pacific
coast labor investigators meeting to-
day to plan an exhaustive probe into
the situation on the coast and in the
Rocky mountain sections.
A subcommittee of the sixteen
operators and miners met at a. m
today to take up the United Mine
Workers demands for from 20 to 10
per cent advance in bituminous wages
Three ways are open to the sub-com-
mittee = deadlock, compromise or
granting the miners full demands. A
deadlock entatling shutdown of the
bituminous mines in the midst of war
and coal shortage, is not thought of
by either side. President Wilson will
prevent it arbitrarily, if necessary.
Agree to Afbitra ton.
Norfolk, Sept. 27.-Striking me-
chanics at the Norfolk navy yard,
numbering 300, returned to work to-
day under an agreement to submit
their grievances to arbitration. A
conference will be held in Washing
ton on October to adjust the differ
ences between the men and the gov
eminent.
Their Patriotic Duty
Washington, Sept 27.-The strikers
at the Norfolk navy yard returned to
work after being urged by the navy
department to do so as a patriotic
duty pending investigation of their de-
mands- Demands of $4,000 other
navy yard and arsenal workers were
taken up here today at a conference
at he NAVY dana rtrnant
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27

New York. Sept. 27.-BUTTER-Market
firm. Creamery higher than extras, 451a@
46Ac.
EGGS-Market weak. Fresh gathered
extras, 45@46c.
CHEESE-Market firm. State fresh spe-
Gals, 266l 26Ac.
POULTRY-Alive, firm; chickens, CSC
fowls, soc; turkeys, zoe.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27

changed.
EtiGS-Market unchanged.
OTATOES-Rece.pts, % cars; IN
changed.
P0ULTRY--Alive, higher; fowls, 22@
25c; springs, 221ac.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27

the hat in Wall street among friends and
the collection thus obtained supports an
aged and infirm Italian woman.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
WEATHER TABLE.

Furnished by the weather bureau office
Topeka, Kan, for the twenty-four hours
ending at a. IN. Thursday.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
New York sugar Market

New York Sugar Market.
New York Sept 27.-SUGAR-Raw,
steady; centrifugal, 1.02: molasses, Gil I;
refined, steady; fine granulated, S40Gs.50.
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27

Chicago Grain and Perk Market
THE range of prices grain futures on
the Chicago Board of Trade as reported
by the Topeka Board of 1rade.l
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27

TO"t "a MARKET REPORT
Topeka Hay Market.
Furnished by T. Beck 2i2-all f. stn
Topeka. Kan, Sept. 81.
PRAIRIE HAY-Si1.o0
AT EALFA-S20.0O
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27

Retail NAY.
shed or " 'iilrGriSL a26 QuiD
Street,
Topeka, Kan, Sept. "a.
PRAIRIE HAY-s14. 0oG1600
ALFALFA-S1S.0 GOA 20 90
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27

Kansas City Grain Futures.
(The range of prices on grain iutt.re -
the Kansas City Board of Trade as re-
ported by the Topeka Board of Traie.i
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27

Topeka, Kan, Sept %.
HENS-312 lbs. and over. zoe; under 315
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27
Kansas City. Sept. /:

Kansas City, Sept. %.
Closed
oper High Low Today Yes.
Dee .12oA 1oO4 119A 119H 1251s
May ..116 116ss 115& 1854 111ss
The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-09-27

Poultry and Eggs.
Furnished ny the Topeka PACKING T"G
pany. corner Laurent and Madison
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1917-10-04
PROFIT IN MUNICIPAL FARM
Springfield. ILL.,, Made Money After
- Supporting Prisoners and Aiding
Latters' Families.

In Springfield, Ill.,, the sum OF
$529.15 in cash was realized from the
municipal farm in addition to the
keep of prisoners and a considerable
quantity of vegetables for prisoners
families, according to a report issued
by City Prison Keeper Henry Mes.
ter, who had charge of the farm. Ap-
proximately 400 bushels Of corn were
raised on the 20-acre tract near the
water works. The grain was sold to
the police and fire departments for
the horses. In addition to the corn,
vegetables. raised, such as potatoes,
onions, cabbage, beans and other
garden stuff brought $3.50.
Aside from the money earned, Mes
ter declares the experiment has worked
out to the great physical and moral
benefit of prisoners who. If it had not
been for the prison farm, would have
been confined all summer, or at least
q great part of it, in the ''bull pen" at
the city prison. Commissioner Roy r.
Reese, head of the department OF
health and public safety, is well
pleased with the plan.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1917-10-04
ARCTIC RELICS ARE FOUND
Records Left by Explorers More Than
. Fifty Years Ago Brought Back by
Croker Land Expedition.

Records left by various explorers In
the frozen North, some Of them more
than half a century old, brought back
by Donald B. Macmillan, head Of the
Croker land expedition, who recently
returned, are on exhibition in the
American Museum of Natural History
in New York.
Among the records is silk lining
of a cap worn by DR.. Elisha Kent
Kane, the American explorer, left by
him at Rensselaer, Harbor in 1858. II
Is marked with a leaden bullet 20. K"
There is also a paper containing a rec
ord of Doctor Kane's life in the North,
cut with knife, owing to a scarcity
Of writing materials.
There are also records left by Rear
Admiral Peary, including bit of an
American flag, left in 1905 at the top
Of Cape Thomas Hubbard.
A packet Of letters left in cache at
Cape Isabella in 1876 by Capt. Allan
Young for Sir George Mares expedi.
ton was also found by Macmillan. The
Mare party left it's mark only 20 feet
from the cache where the letters were
found but departed without discover
ing them.
The Bemidji daily pioneer. [volume] (Bemidji, Minn.) 1904-1971, 1917-10-04
Garden DESIGN.

The most important matter to con
slider in every garden is that of design.
Until this is settled and accepted not>a
tree or shrub should be set, and If the
design be not good no planting, how
ever skillfully done, can make an at:
tractive garden. There should be COM
plete harmony between art and utility.
The garden should be natural in the
use of plants and not dispose the latter
as one would purely architectural OBJ
jects, yet it should be a subdued nature
that predominates, for the garden can,
not look like a piece of wild nature.