Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-01-07

Of which were cut short by the out
break of the European war
The mCChauiCian, surveyor ana me
ch1nical engineer form no small part
of the organization of every railroad.
Probably few of the mCChauiClans or
surveyors could actually build a raul
road any more than those who actually
build them could make survey or
construct a machine. Likewise, also
IN tho petroleum and gas industry the
gcologists play an important part
Many of the best operators now have
their corps OF trained men. Infor-
tuultcly at times these men POSSESS
not enough practical knowledge of the
oil industry To make their geologic
knowledge workable, but that is the
fault of the men and not of the
science
Rocks ON tho outer part Of the earth
are usually arranged In three classes:
/. Igneous. or those which have at
one time been moulten or I'm liquid
state.
Scdcmontary comprising chiefly
those which have been laid down in
water.
%. Mctamorphic rocks. which in
ch1c both of the above classes seen
m am altered condition. We speak
only of the second class.
Most scdomeutary rocks with which
W" have to do were laid down in the
water one familiar with the atti-
tudc of sea and lake bottoms will ap-
prcCiatc tho fact that these surfaces
are approximately horizontal, hence
strata laid down on them are horl-
Tout1l subsequently, these horizontal
strata are disturbed. when they are
so disturbed as to incline I'm one Iii
rcctiou. we say they form a monoclinc,
If raised into an arch the structure is
called an autiCln'; "a trough. a
synCliuc. II the autiClinc is short and
slopes in all directions. it is called Il
dome. Twists are also found in monu-
cliu"S.
Frequently during the disturbances
the strata are fractured and the foru-
atoms ON ono side of the fracture may
move up or down relative to those on
the other side. such movement is
termed a fault and this plays an im-
portdnt part In the geology of oil
and GtS
II one viii consider vast thickness
of strata being folded ii will be seen
that above "A certain level. there will he
tendency for the strata to thicl<cn in
tho svncliuos and thin in the anti
Cliucs Below that certain level the
reverse Will he true, Biologists and
IANiNllll Nll ll'll NlltU lill 10 ldkN
this into consideration in drilling
operations.
Many years ago certain gcolocists
set out To determine whether there was
amy relationship between geologic ana
acoumulatious OF oil and gas. At first
II was thot such relationship did not
cN'St, that oil and gas have a tendency
TO accumulate i'm the highest places IN
foldcu strata, As work has gone ON
we nave been forced to modify from
time To time the conclusions Of the
early biologists.
The Allegheny region Of Pennsyl-
V?nia and West Virginia afford somo
good examples OF the relation OF
structure 10 accumulation. Mr. Thomp-
son, the great English geological en-
Einocr, has shown that In tho Baku
field the accumulation follows closely
tho structure. Professor Harris and
others have done some highly COM
meudable work on the gulf coast OF
Louisiana and Texas. This work has
been of enormous value to drillers and
operators. Fisher and others have
been remarkably successful In the
fields of Wyoming. altho here as else
whore failures are not unknown.
In the mid-contincnt field we have
learned much and have much yet to-
learn regarding the geology OF oil and
gas Much very commendable work
has been done but some has been
lamontably poor.
Water pressure plays an important