davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20

tain an average yield which is accu-
rate enough to furnish basis for such
| a study as is here presented
All orchardists in the valley spray
annually, realizing the vital import
ance of thorough and systematic ap-
plication of spray materials to insure
the production of marketable fruit
Pruning also is an annual practice OF
all orchardsts in the valley.
The regularity of the apple crop
necessitates the practice of propping
annually. This is done any time
throughout the growing season when
the weight of the fruit bears the limbs
down so that there is danger of their
breaking. Four methods of propping
are used by the orchardists. The GEN.
ter-rng -and-wire, the cross-Wire. the
center pole-and-wire. and the single
pole prop.
In the center-ring-and-wire method
screw eyes are placed in the main
limbs at some distance above the
crotch of the tree. Wires are attached
to the screw eyes and brought to a
ring placed approximately in the CEN
ter of the tree. This holds the tree in
/ SHAPE dIu previous liAS VI gaming VA
the limbs at the time when the crop
Is on.
In the cross-wire method screw eyes
are placed in the main limbs at some
distance above the crotch. From each
screw eye a wire extends and is at
tached to limb opposite or nearly so.
This answers the same purpose as the
former method.
In the center-pole-and-w wire method
screw eyes are placed in the main
limbs, to which are attached long
strands of wire. At the end of each
strand is a loop which is placed over
a nail driven in the end Of pole. This
pole is raised to a position nearly
parallel to the trunk of the tree and
set. This draws the wires tight holds
the tree in shape and prevents the
limbs from breaking.
The single-pole prop method is most
common. This single pole usually con-
sists of 1 by inch or 1 by inch
pine strip varying in length as condi-
tons demand. The 5 to IL foot
lengths are most commonly used.
These props are usually sharpened at
one end so as to make it easy to place
them in the ground. The end which
is to hold the limb is V~notched or
small lath strips are tackled on each
side of the prop, practically forming
a notch.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
Pork Cure May
Be Used For
Preserving Beef

Many farmers who kill and cure
their own pork never attempt to sup
ply themselves with beef Any of the
brine or dry mixtures which give good
results in curing pork can be used
satisfactorily for beef, but since beef
is leaner than pork it should not be
allowed to remain in the brine or mix
ture quite so long or it will become
hard and salty.
The corned beef cure should be
used for dried beef but care should
be taken not to let it get too salty
The excess of cure may be washed off
and the meat smoked if the smoke
flavor is desired. Mr.. Trowbridge of
the University of Missouri suggests a
good dry cure for beef can be made
with salt and brown sugar in pro-
portion Of one part sugar and five of
salt. Rub the meat thoroughly with
the cure every two or three days for
about two weeks. 1t should then be
washed wiped and hung up to dry in
warm pace if it is not to be smoked.
or transferred to the smoke house and
given a light smoke.
Corned beef is at its very best when
it has been in the cure about ten days.
If it is subjected to the cure more than
a month, it needs considerable fresh
ening before cooking. The red color
of the beef may be preserved with
small amount of saltpeter, not more
than two ounces to each 100 pounds
of meat. This improves the color but
is detrimental because it hardens the
lean fiberS.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
AN INTERESTING BULLETIN

That Seattle, Wash, is nearer Maine
than it is to the extreme western point
of Alaska; that the mean annual tenn
perature of Sitka Is about the same as
that of Washington, D. c.; that Alaska
has numerous deep, land-locked, ice
free harbors; that the coast line is
$4,000 miles long, and that there are
5000 miles of navigable rivers in our
northern Territory = these facts. not
generally known, are brought out in
the Department of Agriculture's new
bulletin on Alaska. The extent of this
wonderful country with its scant popu-
lation of $1,000, it's mountains. its
climate and it's soils are fully de-
scribed in the new Government publ
cation. This can be had free from
the Department of Agriculture, by ap-
plication for Bulletin No. SO.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20

In an endeavor to ascertain the true
conditions existing in this great apple
country, a careful study was begun two
secured on the bearing orchards Of
eighty-Seven ranches. (The WORD
ranch" is a local term for any farm,
and the word "rancher" is used in the
sense of farmer.)
Investments-E t m ties of the
amount of capital invested were OBJ
tanned from each orchardist. This es-
timated value, in the majority Of cases,
was the amount the rancher paid for
the place, plus the value of such i'm
provements as he had made since the
purchase. There were a few ranchers
who had owned their property before
local land values had advanced to any
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
DG1@
Three Pounds of Eggs of Various Sizes

An investigation of the egg situation
in Chicago was made recently by a
Tribune reporter with the following
results:
The wholesale price of eggs in Chi
cago was Al cents during the day. The
average dozen of "firsts" weighs q
pound and one-half. The investiga-
ton shows, however. that dozen may
vary in weight from one pound and
two ounces to two pounds. One pound
would cost q cents at the present con-
dition of the market. 1t might con-
tain six or eight or eleven eggs To
buy dozen large sized eggs we would
be forced to pay 81 cents If we bought
by the pound.
IF a big hen and a little hen each
worked equally hard and laid an egg
day the little hen might make only
IS cents week to pay for its board
while the big chicken made 33 cents. |"
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
Eggs By Weight
Some Oppose per Dozen" Buying.

SOInC opkOSC HCE DOLSn buying,
A prominent dealer in food supplies
has gone on record as opposed to buy
ing and selling eggs by the dozen.
II am strongly in favor of selling
eggs by weight" he says. 1T is the
only Just way for both seller and pur-
chaser. AS things are now, one man
may buy carton of eggs, very good,
but very small, while another may
buy carton of fine big eggs Yet
both will pay the same price. It is
not fair. The only fair and just
method is to buy and sell them by
weight" Eggs vary so in size that
dozen large and dozen small eggs
purchased at the same price per dozen
may differ as much as Is per cent in
the value of the food elements fur
nished. Perhaps the fairest way to
buy or sell eggs is by weight. Because
of the wide variations in the size of
eggs. it is also coming to be recognized
that more accurate results in recipes
can be obtained by weighing or meas
uring the eggs out Of their shells.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
WEIGHT OF ONE QUART.

Dasrymen especially WIN Be inter
ested in knowing the weight OF the
several feeds by quarts, in-es-much ~
in compromising dairy rations the
terms are expressed in pounds.
Cottonseed-meal, Is lbs; linseed-
meal, old process. IL lbs: gluten meal,
IL lbs; gluten feed. IL lbs; wheat
bran, coarse, 0.5 lbs: wheat mid
dlings. coarse. 0.s lbs: wheat mid
dlings, fine, IL lbs: mixed wheat feed,
o.s lbs: cornmeal, LIS lbs; oats, Ia
lbs; rye bran. 0.6 lbs.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
HERE'S CHAMPION BUTTER FAT
COW.

Goldie's Nehalem Beauty. a 3-year-
old Jersey COW, owned by Clifford F,
Reid of Portland, has been pro-
claimed worlds champion butter-fat
producing COW, according to the
American Jersey Cattle club.
Goldie's record has been two and a
half pounds Of butter-fat a day for
an entire year. The previous record
slightly under that was held by Lass
Seventy-fourth of Hood farm
The test was conducted through the
Oregon Agricultural college.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
SPECIAL SERVICE.

The U. S. Weather Bureau during
the crop seasons furnishes special
weather warning services and infor-
nation to growers Of corn, wheat, rice,
sugar, tobacco, alfalfa, apples, pears
peaches, grapes and cranberries. The
frost warnings also are of great value
to growers of truck and other delicate
crops.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
RECLAMATION,

AS lands increase in value rectama-
ton becomes profta BILE. Steep, badly
washed hillsides may be set to hardy
forest trees. Small bitches may be
filled with litter and soil and seeded
down to grass. Large bitches may be
filed by obstructing with brush and
coarse litter staked and weighted
down, by planting willows, or by spe-
cially constructed dams protected by
tile, so laid that most of the water
passes under the dam while the sedi-
ment is deposited in the ditch.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20

from the buprestids at once because
of their we'll developed logs.
Structurally there are two general
types of buprestid larvae: One Ozark
and wood borers) "hat-headed," with
a long slender subcylindrical tail; the
other Oeaf-miners) flattened, rather
oval, deeply notched, and gradually
tapering to the last segment. In the
first type. the first segment, taken with
the second and third and sometimes
the fourth, forms broader, head-like
division from the remainder. which.
taken together. forms the long sub
cylindrical tail, In this tyre the 4irst
segment is much larger and broader
than the others. while the thirteenth
Is usually much smaller. In the second
type there is no distinct club head;
the first and second segments arc only
a little narrower or a little broader
than the third and fourth and the
whole gradually tapers down to the
thirteenth.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
TRANSPLANTING.

In transplanting young vegetables
care must be used not to destroy any
more of the small roots than neces-
sary, for the plants take in water
through them and are very apt to wilt
if any are broken off. Should the
tops of the plants have too much leaf
surface and the roots be broken to a
considerable extent, it is necessary to
remove part of the leaves to reduce
the Transportation of water and pre-
vent whiting.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
TREATING CELERY SEED.

Celery seed may be disinfected by
the use of a solution Of 1 part cor
rosive sublimate in 1000 parts water.
The seed should be soaked one half
hour and otherwise treated the same
as the cabbage.
One point to be remembered Is that
the treatment of seed does not elimi-
nate the disease from infected soil.
manure or from machinery which has
been used in ti1lage.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
Treat Horseradish
AS An Annual Crou

An excellent new variety of horse
radish was discovered by the United
States Agricultural Explorer David
Fairchilds in Bohemia, a few years
ago. Cuttings from this planted in
April will produce fine large roots for
grating the following October, and if
left in the ground until spring, will
grow to very large size. 1t is white
and of excellent quality. Horseradish
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
A FAMOUS HERD,

E. Leonard, who died recently At
Boonville, Mo-, is said to have owned
the oldest herd of shorthorn cattle In
the United States, the cattle being
known as the Ravenswood herd, after
the farm on which they were kept
They had been maintained seventy-six
years by four generations Of The
Leonard 70 mily.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
Mter Hester
Water Heater.

need it next winter A small, water
tight metal box, containing a float
valve. is placed in the tank and con-
nected with the trough by two pipes:
one pipe supplies the water to the
trough through the float valve, the
other keeps the water in the box and
trough al the same level The heating
is done by a lamp.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
FEED THE BEES.

Keep rye -four in a box on some
clean. bright hay in a sunny shed. out
of the reach Of stock, for the bees to
work on every warm day until nature
furnishes plenty of pollen, which they.
will collect in place of the rye -four.
This will help to prevent spring
dwindling.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
During Severe
Weather a Water
Heater is Useful

winters are very cold, many farmers
find it necessary to heat the water for
their stock. The water in the drinking
trough may be prevented from freez-
ing by very simple continuance which
is well worth remembering. You may
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20

OF developing the irrigation system in
the We.:atchee Valley and soon there
after took over the organization of the
fiighline (Wenatchee Highiine Canal
Coz the ditch as built covered 5000
acres of orchard land and was COM
pleted 20 wenatchee in October, 1908.
This was the rea! beginning Of the or
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
DEVELOPMENT Of Fruit Industry In the Famous Wenachee Valley
BY C. H. MILLER & S. NJ. THOMSON.

chard DEVELOPMENT in the Wenatchee
Valley. Development continued until
N 1913 there were more than 20, 900
acres Of irrigable land under the diff
ferent bitches. The planting Of fruit
trees was more or less correlated with
the development of irrigation.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20

great extent. Most of these men based
their estimates on prices that at some
time of other had been offered for
their holdings. These estimates were
generally found to approximate closely
prices that had been paid for adjacent
land in bona fide sales. The values
may seem high, but they represent
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20

actually what the majority of men Wis
tied in this investigation either had
paid or had been offered for their or
chards.
AS figured from the estimates of the
81 owners, the average total invest
ment per ranch is $2O,974, while the
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20

The first service of sil0is to pro-
vide a means of storing and utilizing
coarse feeds or by-products that other
wise would be lost.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20

There are many farmers all over our
county who are neglectful about sup
plying their table with fruit.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20

Feed bees early in the spring before
warm weather.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20

Cherry trees should be pruned least
severely Of any of our orchard fruits.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
Cropping Plan
For Poultry

Green food for poultry may be pro-
vided throughout the year in a large
portion of the country by using two
yards alternately; that is, crop is
pastured in one yard while another
crop is growing in the second yard.
The following plan is suggested by
the U. S. Agricultural Department as
adapted to moderate climatic condi-
tons. The crop grown should be the
one best suited to the particular To-
cality. For the extreme North or
South the dates should be modified.
9Aickly sown crops furnish succulent
~ and summer shade.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
July 1st to October is
October list to April list.


Growing (yard ~: Feeding (yard y:
Oats. Buckwheat
Winter rye. Dwarf Essex rape.
Winter vetch. Flat turnips
Sweet clover. Soy beans.
Crimson clover
Egg production depends largely
upon proper feeding. Rations for
farm poultry fiocks can generally be
criticised, first, because they contain
little ground food and, cecond. be-
cause animal food is usually lacking.
These two faults can easily be cor
rected. By feeding ground grains in
addition to the whole grains and by
supplying animal food in the form Of
sour skim milk or buttermilk, the feed
cost for a dozen eggs can be mate
rally reduced.
Every well-equipped poultry plant,
large or small, should have a hospital
or building at a distance from the
other buildings, where all ailing fowls
can be kept in isolation. AS soon as
an ailing bird is discovered in a flock,
it should be removed at once and
placed in this hospital. Many of the
diseases of poultry-the most of them.
in fact-are highly contagious, and
unless the strictest care and vigilance
is exercised, the whole flock may be-
come diseased in a very short time.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-04-20
April 1st to July LIST.

/ Rape.
Feeding (yard y:
Winter rye.
Winter vetch.
Crimson clover
New Jersey and
South.
Sweet clover.
October 1St.
Grow wing (yard %:
Buckwheat.
Dwarf Essex rape.
Flat turnips.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1917-06-16
GREAT NEEDS OF RED CROSS
Vermont Part in Campaign for {
Hundred Million.

Vermont Part in Campaign for {
Hundred Million.
Vermont must do her part in the
led Cross campaign TO raise 100000
in the State.
The most stupendous and appealing
cause in the history of the world to
aid suffering humanity confronts the
American Red Cross.
Millions of men, WHO have been
fighting for liberty, lie dead and
wounded; millions OF women and
children are homeless and HELPLESS
hundreds OF towns and villages have
been destroyed; disease and distress
arc rampant. sfa E
Up to now, our own people have not
pouring out her lifeblood America
has experienced prosperity she has
never known before.
But we are now ourselves in this
gigantic war. We now see that the
struggle against autocracy and tyran-
ny, which our Allies have been max
ing is and has from the very first
been, in reality. no less our struggle
than theirs. We ourselves must now
share the suffering which they On
dured; we, too, must bear the burdens
and we must do our part in real
way.
The campaign of fund raising.
which begins next week should not
be confused with the membership cam
paign which has just been conducted.
The Red Cross wants all the member
ships possible, and it wants money,
real money, too. Bennington is sure
to come to the mark in the campaign
which begins next Monday.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1917-06-16
How the tiorsefly eites.

When Il horsefiy alights Oh u horse
he walks around looking for a tender
spot, and this he finds with his hairy
feelers. Then he cuts a hole with the
scissors on each side Of his central tu-
bular tongue
An ordinary lead pencil cannot be
sharpened to point without sharpen
ing the lead So it is with the tubular
end of this tongue-likc extension of the
horscily, says the Popular Science
Monthly. Nature has provided it with
barbed, piercing derrick ropes" The
fly inserts these sharp points into the
horse and then pulls back on them
The barbs hold, and the fly's tongue is
forced down into the horses flesh. But
il the hole has already been made then
it is not necessary for these elaborate
tools to be taken from the sheath in
which they are placed within the
tongue or proboscis. The blood Is
sucked up by the tongue in practically
the same way as by other forms of flies.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1917-06-16
inequality of Punishment by Fine.

An anomaly in our jurisprudence,
limited, however, to the administration
of criminal law, is the evil of allowing
the purchase of immunity from punish
ment. writes Franklin Taylor in Case
and Comment. \ penalty is imposed
with the alternative of paying fine.
The rich man pays and goes free. The
poor man is imprisoned for not having
'he money. And even among those
who can afford to thus purchase i'm
munity the result is most unfair, be.
cause the punishment, instead of be-
ing commensurate with the degree OF
the 0ffeuse, meets its severity accord
ing TO the size of the defendants
pocketbook. To one man the amount
is of no consequence, is not even pun
ishment. To another, because Of his
lowly position, similar amount may
mean weeks of toll, hardship, priva-
tion and suffering to himself and his
dependents. s@a d.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1917-06-16
China and the rartars.

The Manchu Tartars. who conquered
the early Chinese, have left the impress
OF their former manner of life upon
many styles seen today in Chinese fash
ions of clothing. For instance, the OIL.
cial coats, as seen in China at The pres
ent time. are made with very peculiar
sleeves, shaped like a horses leg and
ending in what is an unmistakablc
hoof, completely covering the hand.
These are known as horseshoe sleeves.
This is owing to the intense love of the
early Tartars for horses, from whom
they were practically inseparable dur
ing their generations of wild wander
ing before settling down in China prop
or. The old cue is also said to have
been worn in imitation of the horses
tail and also as useful halter to tic
about the horse when the Tartar curleG
up beside his beloved dumb friend for
a sleep.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1917-06-16
Tho Lenath Of Revolutions.

For Its size and Significance the Rus
sian revolution was one OF The quickest
end least sangrinary on record Six
days practically saw the end Of it,
whereas more than three Years elapsed
between the storming of the Dastille
End the proclamation Of the French re-
public 1T took six days Of barricadc
fighting in 1880 to persuade Charles y.
to abIicatc, but Louis Philippe fed In
iS4S after only two, though the subse-
quent state of siege lasted four
months.
England was ten years in establish
ing u commonwealth, and five weeks
sulllced to convince James III. that
French soil was healthier for him than
English. The Italian wars Of liberia
ton occupied most of 1860, and the in
surrcctlon in which the Greeks de,
posed King Ohio in 1862 was over in
fourteen days. The quickest revolution
on record was that Of Portugal in 1910,
which was over in day.-London OBJ
server.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1917-06-16
pifferent-Rut Satisfactory

Indigestion causes worry, nervous
ness, sick headaches, biliousness, coat
ed tongue. bad breath. bloating, gas,
constipation and constant distress.
w. A. McRae, Raleigh, Ga, writes:
Foley Cathartic Tablets cleanse my
system thoroughly and do not grippe
or hurt at all / recommend them to
others and all find them entirely
satisfactory and wonderfully different
and more pleasant than anything ever
seen" They cleanse the bowels.
sweeten the stomach, invigorate the
liver. Sold Everywhere.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1917-06-16
Walrus of Alaska.

The Alaska walruS are enormous
The average one is rs big as an OK,
and it often weighs more than ton.
A walrus was recently killed by some
whalers near Point Barrow, whose
head weighed eighty pounds, and skin,
Including clippers, 500 pounds. That
animal had girth of fourteen feet,
and its weight was over 1000 pounds.
The skin was from half an inch to
three inches in thickness, and the bluh-
Der weighed 500 pounds.
The Bennington evening banner. (Bennington, Vt.) 19??-1961, 1917-06-16
AFTER CANNED GOODS MEN
Ordered to Appear Before Federal
Grand Jury in CHICAGO

Chicago, June 14.-Another drive
against the high cost of living was in
augurated in this city today by the
Federal government, when subpoenas
were issued against officials of the Ma
tional Canned Foods and Dry Fruit
Brokers association, the Illinois
Wholesale Grocers' association and
the National Wholesale Grocers' asso-
citation. They were summoned to APP
pear before the Federal Grand Jury.
Government officials limited at "gi-
gantic conspiracy to fix prices of
canned fruits and vegetables and dried
fruits. AS an instance, it was pointed
ont that tomatoes within the last few
months have jumped from 65 cents
dozen cans $1S5.