davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
Madrid Not So Ancient.


Madrid is not a city Of great an
tiQuity. Many efforts, 1t Is true, have
been made to trace its history back
into classical times and even beyond,
but the first authentic mention Of the
town occurs In the Arab chronicles,
and this does not carry one back far
Their than the first half Of the tenth
century. The place was, Of course,
occupied by the Moors when they were
the dominant power Of Spain, but was
finally taken from them by Alfonso
VI. In 1888. Henry ". used it as
hunting seat, but it did not attain any
importance until the reign Of Charles
", who made 1t a place Of residence
and was wont to visit it occasionally.
1t was In the reign Of Philip II. that
at last it attained to the dignity Of
capital city. He created 1t his capital
and unica corte, or only court, in 1850,
and it has remained the capital Of
Spain ever since In spite Of occasional
efforts on the part Of sundry kings to
transfer the government to Valladolid
and Seville.-National Geographic So
ciety Bulletin.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
Il the Right Way. -

For every right way 20 DO a tnlns
there are ninety-nine wrong ways.
Take the apparently single matter OF
loading sugar In cars or putting It In
storage houses. The difference De-
tween any one Of the ntnety-nine
wrong ways and the one right way Is
a sufficient reason for the worlds Dig
gest sugar company to issue a DOCK
about 1t.
An amateur wouldn't dream there
could be so much science In rolling LOO
barrels of sugar in box car. But
this little book, filed with diagrams
is a school of instruction for all en-
ployees. There they learn to do 1t
the right way and to avoid the ninety
nine wrong ones.
The fellow who learns to load sugar
the right way soon finds out that the
thing contains higher mathematics
chemistry and finance.
The American people eat just about
their own weight In sugar In a year,
and even the tiniest saving on each
pound achieved by this scientific ham
ding is quite enough to pay all salaries
and leave a snug margin to boot.-Gi-
rard in Philadelphia Ledger.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
PITCAIRN ISLAND MAIL.
First Dispatch From United States by
Steamship Australplain.

First Dispatch From United States by
Steamship Australplain.
Washington.-For the first time since
its colonization in 1889 by mutineers
Of the British warship Bounty and Ia
hitian women Pitcairn island, dot in
the Pacific about midway between
Panama and New Zealand, Is to re-
ceive mail from the United States.
The historic event is announced in the
usual dry, formal mail notice as fol-
lows:
POSTMASTER Morgan advises that the
steamship Australplain will sail from
New York on or about March Is, 1917,
via the Panama canal for Pitcairn is
land, being due to arrive there within
twenty-five days Of the date Of sailing.
He issues this notice In order that the
patrons Of the postal service may take
advantage Of this unusual opportunity
for the expeditions dispatch OF mail
for the place named"
1t is not likely that the mail to Pit
cairn island will be q heavy one, since
only one Pitcairn islander, Miss Emily
Mccoy, has ever visited the United
States to make friends here. Miss
Mccoy left the island about fifteen
years ago to study nursing. Probably
she will be the only person in the
United States to whom the mail serv-
ice to Pitcairn island viii be of inter
est There are about ITO men, women
and children on the island.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
INDIANS FORCED TO WED.
Young chippewas Rush to Judge to
Avoid Arrest.

Young chippewas Rush to Judge to
Avoid Arrest.
Deer River, Minn.-This village was
visited by a large delegation Of young
Chippewa Indians from the Bowstring
country, who came to be married by
Justice Cahill, In accordance with the
ruling he made that he would give
them a week In which to get married
subsequent to many arrests by the
sheriff Of Itasca county on complaint
Of the Indian agent at Bena.
1t Is not the intention Of the de-
partment, It Is said, to interfere with
the marital rights Of the older natives
who married years ago under tribal
laws, but 1t Is the younger members
and In most cases the well educated
ones, some Of whom have college edu-
cations, the department officers are
watching.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
Her aHope Box0

Miss Helen, the daughter Of the fam
lily in which jet black Maria Jackson
occasionally worked by the day, had
been given q beautiful cup and saucer
Of rare china. She showed it to Maria
and said:
81 mean to put it away in my hope
box. You know what that is, Aunt
Maria? It's the box a girl puts things
into in the hope that she will some day
need them as q bride"
''Lawzy, chile, l knows all about dem
hope boxes. 1 got one Of my own.
chile"
'Why, 1 thought you were already
married"
81 is, chile, an my hope box is one
I is putin money into fas' as kin
until has enough to pay TO- divorce
ment from Pete Jackson. More'n one
kind Of hope box is mixed up with mat
rimony, Miss Helen" New York
Times.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
PLANS FOR TRAINING
EASTERN CITIZENS
PlattSburg to Have Four Camps
Others at Portland and at
Plum Island.

New York.-Major General Wood,
commander Of the department of the
east, announces that training camps
for civilians in the department will be
held this summer at Plattsburg, Plum
Island and Portland The Plattsburg
camp will be for the senior division
and the other two for the junior divi-
Eion. The senior camp contemplated
at Fort Oglethorpe, Ga, is still under
consideration.
There will be four camps at Platts-
burg-June to July 1, July to Aug.
g. Aug. IL to Sept. o and Sept 15 to
Oct IA Men between eighteen and
forty-five are eligible. Applicants from
forty-five to fifty-five must obtain spe-
cial permits to attend and do SO at
their own expense.
The Junior division for boys from
fifteen to eighteen will hold two camps
at Fort Terry. They will be from
June so to July % and from Aug. to
Aug. 80. Two camps will also be held
ut Portland for the same periods.
Plans are being made for q camp for
negroes on Plattsburg lines. If 200
possessing the necessary qualifications
apply for membership it is intended to
begin instruction In June under the d.
rection of regular army officers, assist
cd probably by noncommissioned Off
GERS from the crack negro regiments
IN the service.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
A Nation With No Language.

The Swiss alone, Of all the peoples
Of the world, may in sense be said to
possess no language, fact that Is the
more surprising when we consider that
there is no people showing more in
tense patriotism.
The official languages Of the little re-
public are French and German. The
public documents are published in these
tongues, both Of which are spoken by
many Swiss. Roughly speaking, how
ever, about 75 per cent Of the popula-
ton speak German, while the remain
der divide four other languages among
them, mainly French and italian.
These tongues vary, as a rule, accord
ing to the proximity Of the people to
the country whose language they speak.
In the Swiss parliament members de-
liver their speeches either in French
or German. for nearly all the members
understand both tongues.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
WANTS DOCTORS, TOO,
TO PREPARE FOR WAR
Medical Journal Tells of QuaIiH.,
Needed In an Efficient Mi.
itary Surgeon.

IF War Comes" Is the heading m
der which the New York Medical Ian,
nal says editorially:
Modern warfare demands the con
plete mobilization Of every resours 4,
the countries involved Defeat /, tbs
price paid for unpreparedness and tbs
conquered pays the bills for both sides
Therefore it pays to be prepared Ev
cry war in which the United STATES
has taken part has accentuated the ma
cessity for and the deplorable lack ut
preliminary preparation.
Surgeon General Lowell In bis r.
port for the year 1917 says Of the
war Of 1872: There could Be little
doubt that where one man had died
from improper medical treatment ten
had been destroyed from want Of q
knowledge Of the many duties pecular
to an army surgeon The same Gun
ment could have been made at the
close Of the civil war and Of The var
with Spain.
I'm no direction Is preparedness naa
important than In the medical depart
ments Of the army and the navy. The
public and a large part of the medical
profession enormously assume that Be
cause a man Is a qualified medicalpnc
titioner or surgeon he will Therefore
make an efficient medical officer. This
Is not true. The military surgeon b
much more than an efficient surgeon Or
a competent practitioner. He muStalO
understand sanitary tactics; be must
be familiar with the organization Of
the medical department and know how
to handle men and material WitnouI
this knowledge he cannot perform the
full measure Of his duties.
Therefore every patriotic physician
should at once enroll In the meGea
department Of the reserve oneeS
corps, where he can learn the essen
tials Of military medicine by deVouas
q few hours a week to home staV
without interfering with bis pracncs
Then when the need comes De caa
serve his country acceptably anu WIZ
credit to himself and bis professor
Applications for enrolment N u'
corps should be addressed to tne su'
geon general Of the army, washing
rom
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
PAPER From Wood Pulp.

The idea Of making paper from wooo
originated in Germany In the early
forties with Gottfried Keller, tradition
having it that he in turn received his
inspiration from a wasps' nest. Keller
elaborated with a manufacturer OF
machinery, Heinrich Voelter, in whose
name the patents were executed
1t was not until 1865 that the pos
sibilities of this invention In this coun-
try were recognized, when Albrecht
and Rudolf Pagenstecher induced their
cousin, Alberto Pagenstecher, to build
a mill in this country and financed the
purchase of machinery and the build
ing of q mill.
The choice of location fell to Curtis
vile, now Interlaken, Mass, where the
outlet of Stockbridge bowl seemed to
supply an adequate amount Of power.
The mill was built and on March 3.
1867, the first ground wood pulp was
produced.-New York Globe.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
GIRL WOULD BE SOLDIER

Writes a Letter Asking to Enl'"
the United States Army
Muncie. Ind.-The following Aa
has been received by Sergeant '0s =
R. Finney Of the local recruiuns
ton: t,a
Union CITY, M
Captain Finrey, Army RecruunS
Muncie, Ind: ,,...,,, 10 ths
Dear SirCI sent in my application y 40
army recruiting Office several mons
and 7 was told to write you aDou' .rny.
wish 70 ioin the United STATES - =.
Whatever way YOU may see NJ 70 bsS
shall he willing to give you ~ .f.,ktrg
service. NV present position y sss u!
In q grocery store. NOW, ifIt toh
way to use me let me KNOW M sven to o
on the firing line am Willis VIII. CON soca
there. Hoping to hear ir'A
am, sincerely yours HARMON
RRz Union City Ind ,,.ao.
Sergeant Finney, after :. an T RSo I'd
tS on ;e stsr :, se pretty girl who cs .a NJ
sn country 1S1try g grocery near Union G ss
n tna {. sne soldier Is or to enter the army sS
s 90 De eap sU:a Sergeant Einnt tss ).
WHY written to her that he has ~ not saT yar
t sr to to enlist women tOf sa ~ .rpr
- TT1tQUL
work with the Red Cross
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
$500, 900 HOSPITAL IN TOKYO.
Japanese Contribute $4,000 to New
Mission Structure.

Japanese Contribute $4,000 to New
Mission Structure.
Tokyo.-Announcement is made that
the fund of 100000 for the construc-
ton in Tokyo Of the new st. Luke's
International hospital has been COM
pleted at luncheon given by the jap
anese advisory council. The japanese
contributed $4,000, including $4,000
from Emperor Yoshihito. The remain
der has been either contributed or
pledged in the United States.
The proposed hospital will replace
the present st. Luke's hospital, which
was founded by the American Episco-
pal mission many years ago and which
has achieved a reputation throughout
the far east. DR.. R. B. Teusler, its
present director, will have charge Of
the enlarged institution, work upon
which will be started as soon as a
proper site is decided upon. The hos
pital will be international in scope.
1t is hoped later to add a training de-
partment for doctors and for nurses,
and to that end an effort will be made
to secure further assistance In the
United States.
The proposed hospital will probably
be the most complete modern medical
institution in the far east.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
PHONES FUNERAL SERMON.
Preached at Long Distance Because
Storm Held Up Railways.

1880 ~
Fond du Lac, Wfs-A funeral by
long distance telephone was conduct
ed the other day when the body Of the
Rev. Frank Millar Of Oakfeld was sent
to its last resting place through the
drifts about the village where Mr.. NIL
Lar had been a pastor.
The storms tied up all railroads lead
ing to Oakfeld from here, q branch line
of few miles In length, and with the
main line in trouble no effort was
made to resume traffic. The country
roads were also drifted so deep that
the village and countryside adjoining
had been isolated for half q month
The Rev. Robert s. Ingraham Of this
city was to conduct the services over
the body Of his Methodist colleague,
Ingraham being the district superin-
tendent. Trying to reach Oakfield by
road, he was stalled and worked his
way back to the nearest farmhouse,
where he arranged to read the service
by wire. A listener at the Millar home
took his words and repeated them to
the mourners.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
BOY SCOUTS To PLAY
PROMINENT PART IN w,
G. II. Livingstone Say. Hal, ,
Are Available For Variou, !, Mllllaa

WashingtOn.-In the Boy sco,,.
America the country has well s 4
ed peace army" of 2O2OOo Ss eu eaA
reserves Of $4,000 veteran, y b
mer wei qualified to take tba ' %s t0S
police in guard duty, to g;r ps a
aid" and to do the work of DID,. ass
in many things, and the latter pa aea
larly well qualified to serve tbe hssuea
try in any capacity REQUIRED - coOaD
zen, according to Colin p "a ct
stone, president of the nations, M oa
Of the Boy Scouts Of America '0uncS
"The Boy Scouts of Amor;,
a military organization" said q 10
Livingstone. Primarily its AIN, NJ
character building and citizor - a's
Our boys get an outdoor trainira aAlas
with them it is a case of plaTiH., sN c
der In the field and camn co.ts sOt
handy training for the duties -
zenship, building up health and 49,, GQ
Il told the boy scouts of Rnra,
Gently that they were part Of r-", te
Of service. In the event of W. ~
will perform all the services tbs,
normally be expected of Then, u
instance, they will be able - ~, ~
the police Of guard duty over LEV
works, reservoirs, public bu,lS;a sN
bridges, and so on. They viii -
after families whose heads have s ~os
to war and help relieve any sufre- ~.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
When "oId Women" Abounded.

In the eighteenth century women
soon grew old, says an English writer.
At the age Of Twenty-Five Marie An
toinette, the wife of Louis XVI, grave
~ discussed the question with her
modiste, Rose Berth. She would soon
be thirty. Her idea was to change her
manner Of dress, which inclined too
much to that Of extreme youth. In
consequence she should wear no more
flowers or feathers. The glorious
Georgiana, the duchess Of Devonshire,
complained to the French ambassador
that she was already seven and TWEEN
ty years old. Consider" said the
glorious one, what an age that tsp
to which the ungallant ambassador re-
piled that ''in France at seven and
twenty a woman was considered elder
~"
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
Entered as Seeond-Class Matter Aug.
10, 1902, At the Post Otfice ut Chicago,
illinois, under Act Of March 3, 1879.

Win the British Armies In France,
via London.-One Of the most thrilling
flying episodes Of the war was record
ed when the British observer in a two
seated machine which had been dam
aged by German shell fire climbed out
on one Of the wings and steadied the
airplane while the pilot brought it safe
" to earth.
Two young aviators were leading an
offensive patrol when an anti-air craft
high explosive shell burst just behind
the right lower wing Of the airplane.
The machine was completely riddled
Three Of the stay booms were cut, one
blade Of the propeller was blown away
and all the controls except the elevator
were put out Of action. The machine
was further smashed by the broken
propeller blade and became uncon-
uollable.
Realizing the situation, the observer
did not hesitate, but climbed out three
quarters Of the way on the right wing
dip In order to balance the machine.
The air craft continued to fall In
spirals, however, until it was about
1000 feet above the earth. Here the
observer succeeded in balancing 1t, and
the machine glided down evenly. When
about 200 feet from the earth a slight
movement by the man on the wing
caused the machine to spin again, but
the pilot was able to control it when
Just ten feet above the ground, and the
air craft landed with neither man in
tured.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
Killed Troops.

The Greek Killed troops, the Evzones,
bear a variant Of name which was
given to troops In the days Of ancient
Greece. Euzonoi, meaning well girdled
and so grit up for exercise as killed
men are, were light troops or even the
heavily armed hoplitai, but without
their weighty shields. At first, how
ever, the term, as in Homer, was used
only regarding women, the zone" be-
ing the lower girdle worn by them
about the waist, but by an easy and
natural transition this came to mean
a mans belt Then, as the belt sup
ported the short skirts, Killed men
were called well belted.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
RULING FAVORS TEACHERS.
Justice Levy Sets Basis of Pay "Dock-
inun For Absence.

ing" For Absence.
New Observation-Disclosures absent
from work in the past have been
"docked" one-twenty-ffth Of a months
pay for each day lost. Justice Aaron
J. Levy of the municipal court ruled
that the proper basis is to deduct 1865
Of a years pay for each days absence.
His decision was returned in the case
Of Mary \. Broughton, teacher in
public school 1913, who lost eleven
days work because of illness in Octo-
Der, 1915. The decision also holds the
signing of a receipt for pay lin full
is no bar to action for recovery.
The battle is an old one which the
teachers and principals have been
waging against the board of education.
Years ago they were "docked" only
one-thirtieth of a months pay for each
day lost.
William G. Wilcox, president Of the
board, pointed out that under the Levy
ruling the teacher could be absent 100
days, full school year, and still de
mand almost half a years pay.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
Homemade Cold Cream.

Here is the recipe for a homemade
cold cream, the kind always used by
the famous Lillian Russell:
Pure lanolin, four ounces; sweet
almond oil, four ounces; spermaceti,
one-half ounce; white wax, one-half
ounce; orange flower water, two
ounces; tincture Of benzoin, forty
drops. Melt spermaceti and white
wax In an enamel vessel, add almond
OIL, then lanolin. Beat constantly and
add orange flower water little at a
time; lastly, the benzoin, drop at a
time. Beat hard till all is consistency
Of q light cream.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
HOLD AN ODD FUNERAL.
Salvation Army Takes Charge of Obse-
quies For Victim of Diphtheria.

salvation Army Iakes Charge or Opse-
quies For Victim of Diphtheria.
Chicago.-A band of Salvation Army
workers stood in the alley in the rear
Of dilapidated house in the slums and
sang Lead, Kindly Light" Nearer,
My God, to Thee and then knelt In
the mud while the adjutant offered a
prayer Face pressed against the din
gy window, stood a blind man and a
fearful woman.
As the prayer ended the basement
door opened and a little white casket
was quickly carried out, placed in a
hearse and hurried away, unescorted,
to cemetery.
Such was the unusual funeral ac-
corded Josephine Tomaszewsky, six,
diphtheria victim. Her parents home
was quarantined because her two lit
tie sisters and one brother were i'll
from the same disease. The mother
insisted upon a funeral ceremony for
Josephine, and the Salvation Army hit
upon holding it in the alley as the
way Of overcoming orders of the board
Of health against entering the house.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
RICHEST VILLAGE TO BE CITY.
Glen Cove, N. " Votes to incorporate
In the Third Class.

Glen Cove, N. " Votes to incorporate
Ia the Third Class.
New York.-First steps toward the
incorporation Of the richest little city
In the United States were taken when
residents Of Glen Cove, N. z, In a test
voted to incorporate the village as a
third class city. The vote was more
than two to one In favor Of incorpora-
ton. which will include population Of
10000.
Glen Cove is considered the largest
millionaire colony In Long Island
Among fits residents are ]. p. Morgan,
J. 7. Pratt. 81. L. Pratt, G. d. Pratt.
Captain ]. R. De Lamar, Percy Chubb,
b W. Maxwell, Edward L Young,
Justice Townsend Scudder, r. W.
Woolworth and Harvey 8. Ladew.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
Mitigating Circumstances.

"How did her friend break it to her
gently that she had suddenly become
q widow"
'1Told the dear creature she looked
so stunning In mourning that 1t was
lucky she had chance to wear it,
Exchange.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
Use of Gas.

1t is now a hundred years since gas
was first used for illumination in this
country, and this is supposed to be
''the age of electricity" yet the amount
Of gas consumed is still increasing.
There has indeed been a falling off in
the amount used for lighting, but a
great gain in the amount used for fuel.
This Is not only the age Of electricity,
but also the age Of the gas burning
cook stove.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
So He Forqed.

Judge-How came a man of your
ability to stand here convicted Of for
gerry? Prisoner-It is all owing to my
taking good advice, your honor. When
I left school my teacher told me with
my talents to so on and forge ahead
Baltimore American.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
Making the Best of IL.

what would you do If a situation
arose which compelled you to fire a
gun%
I'D be nervous" confessed Mr.. Big
gmgs, and yet I'd be exceedingly
thankful l was the man with the gun
and not an innocent bystander."-
Washington Star.
The broad ax. [volume] (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1895-19??, 1917-04-21
Siqns of Reform.

as Binks as close listed as he used
to ber'
"Oh, no. Coming down to business
in the morning he frequently buys
newspaper instead of trying to read
that of the man in the next seat
Richmond Times Dispatch.