davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The evening world., 1917-09-27

-Let the United States pay
year" he ooaxed. Even n Il Is
powder"
Certainly" agreed Decatur.
on having rinpowder from US yor
20 take bullets with H."
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1917-12-21

Rouge, La.
Messrs. James Prohaska and Claut
Moncrief, who are attending St
Charles College in Grand Coteau, are
at home to spend the holidays with
their relatives.
Miss Ruth Kirkland of Plaquemine
is the guest Of her aunt, Mrs, J. Dol.
ron, in Avoca.
Mrs. w. Hatch of Riverside, was in
our city Thursday visiting friends.
Mrs.. Frank Dupuis and family
have left for Jeanerette to spend the
Christmas holidays with relatives.
Little Logan is spending a few
days with her Uncle and Aunt, Mr..
and Mrs Owen Walters in Harrahan
City.
Mr.. Jack Pharr, who is attending
college in New York, arrived home to
SPEND the Christmas holidays with
his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Jno. A.
Pharr.
Mr.. l. Scharff of St. Louis is a
business visitor here today.
Mr.. Paul Kramer of Franklin was
in our city Thursday.
Miss NJ. Aucoin of Centreville is
the guest Of Miss Alma Boudreaux.
Miss Roberta Downing of Berwick,
was visiting friends here Thursday.
Mr.. Emile Angelica left this morn
ing for Labadievile to attend the fun
eral Of his nephew, Henry Angelica,
son of Mr.. Oscar Angelica. The
young man died while in military
service, being stationed at Camp o.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1917-12-21
MECHANIClANS FOR
NAVY'S FLYING CORPS

! Eight thousand young men are
wanted for the ground personnel of
the Nays Flying Corps. Secretary
Daniels has authorized the enlistment
of this number, and the recruiting Of
ficers of the country will at once be-
gin drive to enlist the non-required.
There is an immediate need for
mechanicians for naval aviation for
the ratings of machinists' mates,
carpenters mates quartermastsrs,
and blacksmiths. Those men will not
be enlisted for pilots duties, but will
receive special training in the build
ing, handling, repairing and over
hauling of the Nays aircraft. Ten
men are required to keep each ma
chine in order and make safe the
flight of the air-pilot.
The requirements for enrolment
viii be the same as those for the reg
ular service Of the United States
Navy. Training for machinists'
mates and quartermasters will last
about three months. Carpenters
mates will train for approximately
six weeks. On completion of the
training, the provisional landsmen,
after examination, will be rated first
or second class petty officers. They
will then be eligible for promotion to
the next higher grade, if they show
fitness and pass the necessary exam
ination. The age limit for this en-
listment is l to IS years. Candidates
must pass the regular Navy physical
examination. Men enlisting for avi-
alton duty but failing to qualify will,
if recommended by their commanding
officers, be assigned to general SER
vice.
The following trades are covered
by the ratings: carponters, wood
workers, machinists, coppersmiths,
blacksmiths, fabric workers, riggers,
acetylene welders, gas engine repair
men and instrument makers.
Landsmen for Quartermaster need
have no previous trade experience,
but general manual ability is neces-
sary. Men of trades such as rigging,
fabric making and wire working are
desired, as are also men experienced
in the operation of hydrogen plants
or in the care and upkeep of dirig-
ibles or balloons. Men who display
proficiency on dirigible work will be
assigned to this branch.
Carpenters mates will look after
the upkeeep and repair of wings,
pontoons, flying-boat hulls and bod
les, balloons, and dirigibles. This
training will cover the practical APP
plication Of their trade skill to gener-
al aviation work.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1917-12-21

Machinists' mates must sho" ore-
vious experience in gasoline en1tnes
or any allied skilled trade such as
that Of electrician. They VII. be
trained in the upkeeep and oTa1haul-
ing Of aircraft engines.
Provision is made for men especial
ly well qualified for enlistment or
enrolment as carpenters and ma
chinists' mates to be enrolled direct
ly for that second class rate, should
their skill be sufficient. The rating
badges for men in this service will be
the same as in the regular Navy ex-
cept for the addition of double
wings.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1917-12-21

Mr.. John Poncio, with the 51st In
fantry Of Georgia, is spending the
Christmas holidays here with his pa
rents.
Mr.. J. Simon of New Orleans was
a visitor in our city during the week
Mrs. G. Bradley of Glenwild was
among friends here Thursday.
Miss Alice Landry has returned
from visit to friends in Texas.
Miss Eulah Price, who is attend
ing school in Grand Coteau, arriv-
ed here to spend the Christmas holt
days with her parents.
Mss Fannie Goldman is spending
few days with friends in Patterson.
Miss Maggie Taltavull is visiting
her sister, Mrs. Gaudet in Baton
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1917-12-21
PERSONALS

". ]. Turner of Gulport, Miss,
M visitor here Thursday.
q Mrs. A. J. Boudreaux was a. visit
Or 70 friends in Glenwild today.
Nm. ]. ]. Greenwood and niece,
he spending few days in Lake
CharleA They expect to remain over
tie Christmas holidays.
Mn. Louis Mini of Abbeville is the
suest this week of her sister, Mrs.
Marquis.
H n. E. Norman and daughter
Leah, motored to Patterson Thurs
d.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1917-12-21

Sickly children need WHITES
CREAM VERMIGUE. It not only
destroys worms, if there be any,
but it acts as a neighboring tonic
in the stomach and bowels. Price
Csc per bottle. Sold by BELAN-
GER DRUG CO.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1917-12-21
~ K1
"a Specially Store "a

la, Georgia. The body will arrive
and be inferred from his fathers
residence in Labadieville, Saturday.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1917-12-21
Liberty Bonds Now
Ready

Mr.. F. W. Winchester, cashier of
the Bank Of Morgan City, advises
that the Liberty Bonds purchase
through his bank are now ready for
delivery. People who have Liberty
Bonds should call for them.
Sergeant Leo Olivier with the U. S.
Army in Louisville, KY, is in town
visiting relatives and friends.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1917-12-21
ARCADE TONIGHT

Having laughed with Taylor Holmes
in his famous stage characterization
you cannot help but enjoy his work
in his first Essany comedy, "Effici-
ency Edgar's Courtship", taken from
the story of that name which ap-
peared in the Saturday Evening Post.
See him at the Arcade Theatre to-
night.
Morgan City Daily Review deliver
ed to your home 4Oc a month.
The Morgan City daily review. (Morgan City, La.) 1916-1920, 1917-12-21
LIST OF CONTRIBUTIONS:
FUNDS FOR CHRISTMAS FOR
CHILDREN IN THE
WAR DISTRICTS

Kings Daughters ..........$33.28
Mrs. L. C. Kyes ...............50
Mrs. T. L. Morse ....... 100
Mrs. A. X. White ;. 100
Alexander Martin Blum 100
A friend to the Children 500
Merlin O'Neill Brizzard -. 100
Little Verna Strauss ....... 100
Junior Missionary Society -. 100
Anonymous ...... >. :. 100
E. P. H so
Kings Daughters Junior Circle 500
Patricia, Eugene and Fran
els Pharr 80. 80. -. 1000
James Doiron, Jr. -. 49,. 100
Mrs. w. N. Bradley ......... 100
Jewish Sabbath School Guild. 100
K. S. Foster 49,. ......... LOO
A. R. Squires Jr. $3.50. ...... so
Margaret Squires go. ...... so
Who will be next?
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-11-09

Special 10 Ihe World
COMANCHE, Okla, Nov. S.-"Cp-
mancho has become an undesirable
place to live for people who love
peace. harmony and morality" says =
resolution signed by two score repre-
sentative citizens who have formed
themselves into Business Men's
.aw and order league and have set
about the task OF ridding the tcwp OF
urdesirables. The town is without
funds to pay for the services OF an en-
forcement officer and drunkenness
and disorderv conduct have become
a nuisance" the resolution says.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-11-09

New State Charters.
World Capital Bureau.
sl2 Campbell Building
OKLAHOMA CITY, Nov. s.-Secre-
tary of State J. l.. Lyon has issued the
following charters:
Hartin Mercantile company. Tuttle
capital, $4,000; incorporators, ]. L.
Hartin, J. b. Hambleton, Floyd KIM
BILE, Tuttle.
The Boiling Springs Oil & Gas Co..
Woodward, capital. $4,000: incor-
porators. r. o. Renfrew, ]. II. War
den, ID. b. Wyatt, Woodward.
Protective Investment company. Ok
lahoma City, capital. $4,000; incor-
porators, Homer Hawkins, Harper,
Kan; Abe Steinberger, Oklahoma
City: L. McAllister, Blackwell
Miami & Oklahoma City Mining a
Royalty Co., Oklahoma City, capital,
$4,000; incorporators, ]. T. Cues
nette, w. c. Warren, NJ. L. Overstreet,
Oklahoma City.
Standard Lead & Zinc Co.. Ardmorc.
capital, 100000; incorporators. c. o.
Maddox. b. S. Curtis, s. I. West,
Ardmore.N
Kay Royalty company, Blackwell.
capital, 100000; incorporators, ]. B.
Robson, c. II. Westgate. Ray Otstot,
Blackwell
Sutter Lead & Zinc Co.. Miami. cap
ital. 100000: incorporators. r. +.
McAfee. Poteau; Charles Sutter, st.
Louis: G. l.. Grant, Fort Smith, Ark.
Collinsville Mill & Grain Co., Col
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-11-09
FIFTEEN EXEMPTIONS
ARE ISSUED BY BOARD
Adjutant General Announces
That Date of Next Call
for Men Uncertain.

Fifteen exemptions from war SER
vice were granted yesterday by the
Tulsa district appeal board, which
virtually brought to an end the boards
work insofar as the consideration and
disposition of cases are concerned.
The headquarters will be kept open.
however, for an indefinite period by
Secretary Harry III. Rogers as many
details, which come up from day TO
day, must be given attention. Two
lady assistants. who have been con-
nected with the office from the time 1t
opened, will be in charge from to
p. m, each day and the secretary
will also spend an hour or so there
each day.
Exemptions Granted.
One Tulsan was given his discharge
yesterday. He was Jim Benson, ne
gro. who was exempted because he
has a wife and three children solely
dependent upon his labor for susten-
ancc.
Clyde J. Bonner, general superin-
tendent for the T.-B. Gasoline COM
pany. which has two plants, and also
district superintendent for the Okla
homa Petroleum Gasoline company.
was granted n discharge on industrial
grounds. The hoard denied his claim
some days ago, but new proof was
filed showing that he is n skilled me-
chanic, who constructs as well as
operates gasoline plants, ond on this
he was exempted.
Nat Perry Green, n farmer OF Dun
can, was also discharged on n depend
ency claim. His wife is solely depend
ent upon him.
Garyin Countians Exempted.
One dozen discharges were granted
Garvin countains, whose cases had
been reopened by the local board thrt
permission Of Adjt. Gen. Ancel carp
The lower board granted the dis
charges upon reconsideration and the
appeal bbard sustained II. All wcrs
on dependency claims.
They went to Anthem f. Cope
Edren G.. Goodson. r. II. Grimes
Robert Lee Shannon, Lee w. Garner
Samuel l.. Hewitt and Calvin Sewell
OF wynnewood; @. r. Webber. Toy
Haynes and c. W. Hatfield OF Lind
say; ]. II. Randolph. Maysville, aud
A. C. Bicknell.
The following lost their appeals and
were certified for service: John w
Matlock, Marsden. william s. Trus
Ter, Bixby; Paul Harrison shunkey
l482 East Third street Tulsa; VIII
liam J.. Childress, MARROW; Otto *
wetzel, Broken Arrow; Herbert c
Kesey. Rush Springs; Robert ;
Vowel, stephens county; Fred Eugene
Hallmark. Ringling; w II. Seedis
Carter county; John w. Kitchen. kusf
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-11-09
I. W. C. A. TO
GIVE GIRLS AID
Hostess Houses Are Being
Erected at All Training
. Camps.

At the beginning Of this war the
questions came swiftly and inccssanty
0 the heads OF the Wv. G.. A. organi-
atlons thruout the country. What
re you going to do for the girls in
var time
This question Is being answered as
apidly as funds for the purpose can
1e secured by campaigns thruout the
'ountry, and the local Y. W. c. \.
plans TO answer this question on No
ember -. when members and lay
men, interested In the y. w. c. A.
viii assist IN raising fund of $40 900,
4 which $4,000 is 20 be used In forty
tx centers OF work for girls In com
nunities adjacent 10 the army ana
Iavy camps which already have been
furnished and for the erection at the
me hundred military camps. Hostess
louses" These hostess houses serve
ts a meeting place for the families and
'riends OF the soldiers who are wait
ng 20 take their place on the battle
fields OF France Already they have
served as places OF JOY and OF sorrow,
IS refugees from distress, and as bu-
-eaus OF Information when women
,ome. as some do, with no knowledge
If their soldier man save his name.
Zach house Is provided with hostess.
1 director. a cafetiera director and
with an emergency worker.
Foreign Language Service Bureau.
For the nom -English-speaking wo-
man. the hostees house is her only
place OF comfort. for here may be
found some one who can speak her
language and explain the intricate
routine that must be followed before
the often essential meeting to ar
-ange the future OF wife and children
(therc are usually many can be had.
A finding bureau seeks TO locate rela-
lives and friends in Europe, with
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-11-09
UNITED STATES CORN
CROP RECORD BREAKER

WASHINGTON, Nov. S.--A corn
crop larger by more than $4,000, 900
bushels than ever grown An the his
tory of American agriculture is The
production OF the farmers Of the
United States this year. The depart
ment OF agriculture today in its pre-
liminary estimate OF the crop placed
the quantity at S.lS1,OSs.00O bushels
Conditions since the October fore
cast caused a reduction OF about 10,
100000 bushels in the indicated out
put.
Preliminary estimates of farm crops,
announced today by the department
Of agriculture in its November crop
report. follows:
Corn, 3.19l. l.0S3.000.
Buckwheat, 16,sl3,000.
Potatoes. 43s,6s6,000.
Sweet potatoes. S4.72T, 900.
Tobacco (pounds). 1,1S5,47S,000.
Flaxseed. 9,64S.000.
Pears. 1l,4l0.000.
Apples, 177.733,000.
Apples Commercial crop. barrels).
81, 46l, 900.
Sugar beets (tons), 7,621,000.
Kafirs, 73.Ss0,000.,
Cranberries (barrels), 100000.
Beans, l5,s57,0oo.
Broomcorn (tons), $4,000.
Sorghum syrup (gallons), II, ,4S6,0C0.
Weight. per measured bushel:
Wheat 5S.5 pounds; oats S3.4; bar
ley 46.6.
Stocks Of old corn on farms Novem>
ber 1. 24,745,0o0 bushels.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-11-09
whom communication has been up to
the present time impossible.
Emergency Housing


Every army center employs num-
bers ~ girls and women In telephone
offices. in shops and in restaurants,
and as laundresses In very few In
stances has any provision Tor adequate
housing Of these employees been con
sidercd
Practically every industry connected
with the furnishing of war supplies
employs large numbers OF girls. Thou-
sands Of girls are filling in the ranks
left vacant by the men. For these.
as well as for the girls employed near
the camps. the council has begun 20
erect houses as an emergency measure
and as a demo nstration 20 the en-
ployer and 20 the otherwise unpre-
pared community that girls who are
employed may be cared for simply and
efficiently. TO the welfare of the en-,
ployed. the employer ana the com
muni'y.
To stimulate interest IN the great
work being carried on by the Y. w.
Q A. Mildred Corbett national Y.
W. G. A. secretary. has been assigned
20 Tulsa, and Sunday afternoon she
will be the principal speaker at
meeting 10 be held In Convention hall.
TO which the public, and especially
those team captains and team mates
who are TO take part In the campaign
OF Wednesday are invited.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-11-09
Two Held As Slackcrs.

William J. Powers. white, and Jacob
Peterson, a negro, were arraigned
before United States Commissioners
]. II. wilkins yesterday. charged with
being slackers. Powers pleaded not
guilty and as he was unable to make
bond, was returned 10 jail. He said
he was working up In Kansas on regis
tration day and didn't know anything
about the requirement to register; that
he was not attempting to avoid army
service, and wanted to Join the navy
Peterson at first told the court he was
guilty. but shortly afterward, his at
torney, l. II. Speers, negro lawyer
appeared In court and changed the
plea to not guilty" Speers said his
client didn't know how to plead
Peterson's case was set for the 18th.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-11-09
IIislop 10 Speak.

Dr Edward Hislop, chancellor OF
tho Oklahoma Methodist university at
Guthrie, viii give new angle to the
war question In his address before
tho Young Mems Christian association
Mems sunday forum next Sunday. His
topic il The Kaiser's God and Ours
This Is II return engagement OF Doc
tor HislOp. his last talk having gone
homo 70 well that he was called for
again. -Four o'clock IL the hour and
members and the stranger are asked
and told that they have chance to
talk back II they have anything Of
agreement or otherwise. The social
hour follows when refreshments will
be served.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-11-09

Springs. and s. G. Jones. Farmers
Vile. Texas.
Next Call Uncertain.
over the long distance telephone
yesterday Adjutant General carp told
Secretary Rogers that he had no In
formation as TO when the final quota
of troops will be ordered 90 entrain
for the training camps.
The ad}utant general stated tha.
each soldier who has been sent to
camp must apply for the pension al
lowance for his family thru his com.
pany commander at the camp.
Many inquiries have been received
by Secretary Rogers since the publi-
cation OF the government allowances
as to how and 10 whom applications
for allowances shall be made.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-11-09
CharUH>s Theft Of Pine.

David Kind was arraigned before
Judge John H., wilkins yesterday in
the United States commissioners court.
charged with stealing $1,000 worth of
five-inch piping from a Frisco freight
car, breaking an interstate shipment.
His case was set for hearing Novem-
Der II.
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-11-09

900; incorporators, ]. J. Burke, j. o,
Fox, s. w. Hutchin, Norman.
Vernon Oil 4 Refining Co., Ponca
City. capital, $4,000; incorporators,
J. e. Sanders, II. A. Spicer, NJ +,
Long, Pdnca City
Tulsa daily world. [volume] (Tulsa, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1905-1919, 1917-11-09

linsville, capital. $4,000; incorporat-
ors, w. L. Hutcheson, Oklahoma City;
G. T. Chndress, J. T.. Whitney, Col
linsville.
The Transcript-Enterpri Publish,
ing company, Norman. capital, s12,-
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram., 1917-10-01
sHERiFFS SALE

By virtue Of a certified copy Of a
Decree to me directed from the Clerk
of the Wayne Circuit Court. will ex-
pose at Public Sale, at the Court
House door, in the city Of Richmond,
| Wayne County, Indiana, on the 18th
day of October, 1917, between the
hours Of 10 o'clock a. m. and o'clock
p. m. on said day, the following prop
erty, to-wit:
An undivided one-fifth part in val
ue, in fee simple, of the following de-
scribed real estate in the City of
Richmond, Wayne County, Indiana, to
wit: Parts Of lots number seventy
two (72) and seyenty-three (T3) in
that part of the City of Richmond
laid out by Charles w. Starr, and
| bounded as follows: Commencing on
Main street in the center Of a wall
sixty (60) feet west of the southeast
corner of lot number seventy-three
and running thence north through the
| center of said wall one hundred (10o)
| feet to an elley; thence west along
the south side of said alley twenty
| 600 feet to the center of a partition
wall dividing the property herein de-
scribed from another property on the
west formerly owned by A. E. Crock
er; thence south along the center of
| said petition wall and stairway one
hundred (100) feet to Main street,
thence east along Main street twenty
| (20) feet to the place of beginning.
| Also, beginning ninety-nine t99)
| feet west of the southeast corner of
/ lot number seventy-three (73) in that
part of the said City of Richmond
laid out by Charles w. Starr, and at
the center of the west brick wall Of
block of buildings put up by Vaughn
/ and running along Main Street east
nineteen t19) feet to the middle of a
stairway and to point on Main street
where a line drawn due north and
south through the middle of a brick
wall dividing the property hereby
conveyed from the property hereto
fore sold by said Vaughn to Hatfield
and Williams would strike Main
street; thence north through said
stairway and brick dividing wall one
hundred (100) feet to the south side
of an alley ten feet wide; thence west
| along said alley to a point where a
| line through the center of the wall
would intersect the alley nineteen
| (19) feet to the center of said west
brick wall; thence south along the
Ecenter of said wall to the place of be.
| ginning
To be sold as the property of
James G. Williams to satisfy said
! Decree in my hands in favor of Mary
| H. Goodwin, guardian of Byron II.
! Williams. a minor. Said sale without
relief from valuation or appraisement
laws.
| CLEMENT v. CARR.
Sheriff of Wayne County.
September 9Th, 1917
KELLEY & KELLEY.
| Attorneys for Plaintiff.
| sept 24-oct. 1-8
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram., 1917-10-01
Coal Dealers GiDe
Lunch For Mdther

Members of the Richmond Builoins
Material and Coal Dealers associauo,n
gave a luncheon Monday at ! oclocA
at the Y. n. C. A. as farewell 10 nas-
mond B. Mather, a member OF the as
sociation who leaves WEDNESDAY LOT
Camp Taylor.
Oren Miller, chairman OF the asSo-
citation, presided and introduced the
POSTMASTER, E. K Shera. Toasts were
given by B. B. johnson, Thomas Tar
kelson, Frank Unthank, e. Z. Long
streth, Louis Niewoehner, Otto Retue,
B. F. Drischel and Fred Hackman
Raymond Mather responded Win an
informal address.
Albert Klehfoth. of Cincinnati, was
special guest.
Among the members present were
Fred Hackman, Frank Unthank. Thom-
as Tarkelson, B. F. Drischel, John X.
Longstretch, o. H. Little, G. r. WOOD
hurst, Oren Miller, E. G. Kemper, Ray
mond Mather, Louis Niewoehner, ON
ar Bullerdick, Walter K1ehfoth. Al
bert Klehfoth OF Cincinnati, Edward
Voss. Otto Rettig, B. B. Johnson, e. X.
Shera, John Starr, E. e. Longstretn.
Conrad Heet, Charles Kidder ana
Howard Marshall.
The Richmond palladium and sun-telegram., 1917-10-01

don by the guns of the fleet. South.
west of the capital another was seen
over the Thames estuary. 1t was
hemmed in by shell fire and wriggled
for half an hour trying for an exit
from what seemed a triangle of burst
ing shells. 1t finally espaced seaward.
Half Dozen Dropped.
A half-dozen bombs were dropped
in suburban district without caus-
ing casualties or important damage.
One of the bombs narrowly missed
striking a hospital. .-.
The newspapers while commencing
the vigor of the defenses, still call for
other measures and advocate reprisals
on German towns. They insist on this
point with greater vehemence
The Times contends that it would be
absurd to suppose that the problem of
successful defense had been solved.
1t points out that the intense gunfire
is onyl partial deterrent and warns
that air warfare is capable of infinite
expansion and that new methods will
have to be found to combat it,
The Times advocates a great air
fleet capable of carrying the war into
Germany. -a..