Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-10-14
Intimate Talk ON Working Parts OF
Cars In Terms Laynan Can
Understand.
BEARINGS ARE EXPLAINED
Ingenious Devices to Decrease Eric
tion-Either Ball or Roller Bear
inE" Used in All Places Other
Than tic Engine.
AUTO LESSON NO. 30.
HEARINGS.

"ccTeaSe In the friction, and wear
slowly. must be furnished. These de-
wees are known as bearings
Parts can move on one another in
three ways: namely. they can move in
a straight line one on the other. as,
Tor example, the pistons in the cylin-
ders: one can revolvc i'm or about the
other. as the crank shaft in its sup
ports. or AS the wheels on their axles:
and the end Of 4 shaft can rcvolve
against a support.
In the automobile where the parts
simply Slide back and forth. as first
given. the prcssures and therefore.
wear. IL they are we'll fabricated, are
comparatively small. and so. as "A rule,
no special bearing is used
BY far. the greatest amount OF NOV
ing parts move az given in the sec
ond Gaze; that is, "A shaft rcvolveS In
another part or vince! or similar
part rcvolves about a stationary shaft.
Where the shaft is small in diameter
and the movcmcrt little. the bearing
Is generally nothing tut Sleeve"
or cylinder made OF some antifriction
metal. as bronze or babbi,t. and is
called a Gushing. az, toc example.
the wrist-pin bushngA and universal
joint bushing. Where the shaft Is OF
any size and where the movement liz
fast and the pressure comparatively:
great. the henring is called n journal
bearing" In the engine. the journal
bearings are almost always made In
two parts. for the sake of easy re-
mornl. and are made OF bronze or Of
babbitt. the latter being compost
ton OF lead. anthony, tin and cop
per-
The babbitt or bronze bearings have
very low friction. but by the use
of ball or role. bearings the friction
and wear can he still further reduced.
as when they arc used. there is pfac
ttcally no rubbing. as the balls or
rollers simply roll between the two
surfaces. Either ball or roller bear
ings are used in practically all place.
other than the engine.
Where the movement Is as given In
the third case: namely, when the cnd
OF n shaft lange fastened TO the
shaft revolvcs or spins on Il fiat sur
face. the bearing is said 10 be sub
jccted TO thrust and the bearing is
called thrust bearing" Thus the
bearing which is placed between the
clutch throw-out. or shift collar and
It's fork. is thrust bearing.
Mos, ball bearings. and some roller
bearings. are SO designed that they
Will act AZ both journal and thrus,
bearing at the same time
Figure l shows one-ha!f of Bah
hitt or bronze bearing Note the oil
grooves a. II IL important that these
be kept cleanly cat and unobs,ructed.
az II this is not done the oil will not
lie able to get TO the entire bearing. but
will lubricate only thin line, one OF
the thickness OF the oil hole. When
bearings OF this style become worn. the
resulting play can be taken out by re-
moving or filing on the "shims." which
are shown as Il In Fig. :. These are
separators made UT OF a bundle of very
thin leaves of brass. or of one heavy
piece. When OF the former. the play
is taken UP by removing one OF the
leaves, while. If the latter, a little Is
fled or It, Adjusting of the engine
bearings should be done by experienced
mechanics only, as the hearing must
1T the shaft snugly, yet not bind. while
the nuts of the bolts which hold the
two halls Of the bearing together must
be tight as thy can be, without
breaking.
When much play must be taken ou,
OF the bearings. or when new bearings
are put in. they will have to be "scraped
Prussian blue on the shaft and then
revolving II in its bearings. The Prus-
sian blue will thus mark the high spots
OF the bearings, which high spots must
then be scraped off, and the pre- cess re-
peated time and time again. until prac-
tcally the entire surface of the bear
ing touches the shaft
Figures and 4 show la'l bearing
rs Is used In the transmission differ
entail. wheels, etc. Here q is the outer
raccway. IL the inrer raceway. C tho
balls and d the ball retainer, or cage
When these bearings are worn or
broken about the only thir-: that can
be done is 10 replace them. The writer
does not advise repairing them. The
way to determine when a bearing Is
much worn is to see IL there is much
side play OF the inner raceway with
respect to the outer raceway.
About the only care these bearings
require is fabrication and extreme
cleanliness. If the slightest piece of
metal gets into the bearing. it may
result in the crushing of the balls
and raceway. This would be indi-
Gated by scratching sort Of noise
when the car is running.
Figure shows what is known as
radax ball bearing. This type of
bearing is usually found in the front
wheels. Novices. when putting the
wheel back after greasing the bear
ing, sometimes make the mistake or
getting the balls and their retainer
reversed. getting the portion A where
should be- The fact that a is larger
.nan Il, naturally leads TO the belief
that 4 should come TO the larger outer
ha
rig will likely he ruined.
Figure 6 shows an excellent type
OF roller bearing-the Hyatt flexible.
II the roller Of a roller bearing were
TO take n position which is not abso-
lutely parallel to its shaft, 1t would
be subjected to n bending strain, for
which reason plain solid roller is
not practical in bearing. AS tho
Hyatt bearing is designed, the roller
can bend without breaking. rhe
Hyatt bearings will be found in a