davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26
SURFACE OF ROADS
Methods to Be Employed in Con-
struction Depends on Con-
ditionS to Be Met.
-FOUR SETS ARE SUMMARIZED
Location, Design, Drainage, Grading,
Etcsr Are important-Each Fea-
ture Described Separately
and In Full.

(Prepared by the United States Depart
| ment OF Agriculture.)
The proper method to employ in
constructing sand-clay road surface
depends or the conditions to be met.
In general, there are four distinct sets
of conditions, all of which may occur
In the same locality, or even on diff
ferent sections Of the same road.
These are:
Case l, where the original roadbed
is sandy and 1t is desired to construct
the surface by admixing clay;
Case 2, where the original roadbed
Us composed OF clay and 1t Is desired
to construct the surface by admixing
sand;
Case 3, where 1t is desired to con-
struct the surface of topsoil or other
natural sand-clay mixture without ad-
linking any OF the roadbed material;
Case 4, where 1t Is desired to supply
the clay and sand separately and mix
the two materials together In place to
form the surface.
Before discussing the different cases
separately, the general ends which all
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26

is first constructed, to correct detl-
ciencies Of sand or clay and to keep
the surface in shape.
Case 2.-To construct sandy-clay
road surface by admixing sand with
clay from the roadbed, the process is
exactly similar to that described for
Case i, except that sand is spread over
the graded roadbed and clay Is plowed
up from beneath to mix with it. The
depth to which the sand should be
spread for an eight-inch finished sur
face usually varies from four to eight
inches according to the amount of
sand contained originally in the clay
Of the roadbed. The depth to which
the pillow burrows should extend down
into the clay usually varies from about
three inches to about five inches, and
depends on the sand content of the
clay and the compactness of the road
bed. 1t should be borne In mi nd that,
in this case, it is better to have sur
plus of sand than a surplus of clay
In the surface, because the former Is
more easily corrected.
Case 3.-Figure 2 illustrates the two
principal steps involved in construct
ing a sand-clay surface with topsoil
or other natural sand-clay mixture.
The roadbed should be graded in the
usual way, except that the portion to
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26

There is, after all, something to
the duck besides its Quack, and, while
duck raising is not as popular with
breeders as other classes of poultry,
it is, nevertheless, profitable branch
Of the poultry business. The stand
ard classes Of ducks which are now
being bred are capable of producing
meat and eggs In a very businesslike
and impressive manner.
The principal duck raising is being
done on farms adjacent to large
cities, where the business Is devoted
exclusively to ducks. These farms
produce and market annually enOr-
nous numbers Of ducks, and the
5000 duck farmer Is considered
quite ordinary when compared to the
farms producing for the markets
from % 600 to $4,000 ducks a year.
The average farm Is, however, well
adapted to growing ducks satisfac-
torily, especially those farms hav-
ing streams and good pasture lands.
Duck raising should prove very at
tractive to the farmer and when
properly attended to the business
should add materially to the earnings
of the farm.
Duck houses should face the south,
and the soil should be a sandy one,
sloping slightly to afford proper
drainage, as dryness Of the house is
necessary for ducks. When building
the houses, allow from six to eight
square feet of floor space for each
duck, and regulate the size of the
house on this basis. A typical and
satisfactory duck house Is of the
shed-roof type, not over eight feet
high In front and four or five feet
| high in the rear, with a fair-sized
window in front, and provisions made
for cotton or muslin curtains for the
openings when the weather is incle-
ment, and for combining the ducks
when necessary.
Dirt floors, raised several inches
above the ground level, are used ex-
| tensively, but the wood floor, raised
six inches from the ground and COW
cred with several inches Of sand and
gravel, is by far the better plan to
insure uTyneSS anu IFeeuOm IroHl
dampness. The partitions in houses
and fences In runs or yards need not
be over 80 inches high for combining
ducks. When ducks are to be kept
In confinement it Is best to have two
yards for them, SO fenced that one
yard may be sowed in oats, rye OF
barley for furnishing green feeds
while the other yard is used for 8
run.
White Pekin 10 Best.
The White Pekin duck is consider
ed the best Of all ducks for farm
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26

Of the construction methods. should
aim to attain will be summarized
briefly.
(1) The questions OF location, de-
sign, drainage, grading, ETC., are, If
anything, more important In the case
of sand-clay roads than in the case OF
earth roads.
(2) The amount Of clay contained in
finished sand-clay road surface
should be only slightly more than suf-
ficient to fill the voids in the sand.
Ordinarily about one part Of clay to
two parts OF sand gives satisfactory
results, though the proper proportion
for any particular case can be deter
mined best by experiment.
(3) For average country-road traffic
and stable roadbed, the depth Of a
sand-clay surface should be about
eight inches after 1t is compacted. II
clean sand and pure clay were used to
make the mixture, the respective
depths Of the sand layer and the clay
layer required would be approximate
" eight inches and four inches, meas
ured loose. 1t is customary to decrease
the surface thickness from center to
sides, with feather edge extending
out over the shoulders, but this prac-
tice makes 1t necessary for most OF
the traffic to use the center Of the
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26
CARE FOR POULTRY
Place PulIets in Winter Quarters
Two Months Before They
Are Expected to Lay.
HARMFUL TOCHANGE HOUSES
Thorough Cleaning VIII Destroy All
Kinds Of Vermin-Coal Tar Disin-
fectants Are Not Expensive,
But Are Effective.

The pullets should be kept in their
winter quarters at least one or two
months before they are expected to
lay. A sudden change in the housing
just at the beginning of the laying
period may check production for sew
eral months.
A thorough cleaning of the poultry
house in the fall will destroy mites
and lice and prevent them from living
over winter to multiply rapidly In
spring. The coal tar disinfectants are
not expensive and they are very eff
fective in keeping poultry houses SAM
tary. Blue ointment applied to the pull
let's in the fall when they enter their
winter quarters should eradicate all
lice at least until the spring.
Build Houses in Fall.
Colony houses which will be need.
ed in the spring should be construct.
ed In the fall as there will be little
time for such work during the rush OF
spring work.
AS a usual thing the farm fl0cl is
given free range and the eggs from
the entire flock are used for hatch
ing. 1t will pay to build suitable en-
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26

and practical purposes, and Is bred
more largely than any other variety
for market purposes. The Pekin Is
used exclusively by the duck farmers
for commercially producing the
green ducks for the spring markets.
The Pekin duck is of a distinct type,
of white or creamy-white plumage,
with long, broad and deep bodies,
full and prominent rounded breasts,
with deep keel.
When eggs are particularly desired
for market purposes, the Runner duck
is to be especially recommended for
this purpose. The three varieties OF
the Runner are the white, the fawn
and white, and the penciled, all Of the
same type and qualities, and differing
only in color. The Runners have
grown in popularity since their in
PRODUCTION, and have gained their
favor by their wonderful egg-laying
qualities. The eggs of the Runner are
larger than a hens egg, and in some
markets their eggs bring advanced
prices over hens eggs.
For farm and practical purposes,
the Runners have fine qualities. being
active, make good foragers, are hardy
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26

road, and heavy vehicles using the
edge Of the surface are liable to break
Through the surfacing material.
"a In constructing a sand-clay sur
face, the two constituent materials
should be thoroughly and intimately
mixed together In all cases. In max
ing artificial mixtures, therefore, much
blowing and narrowing are required.
(5) No matter what method is fol-
bowed in constructing a sand-clay sur
fnce, traffic usually must be depended
upon to puddle and compact the sur
sfhcing material, and the road never
should be considered complete until
after it has been subjected to traffic
for considerable period. During this
period the surface should be kept In
shape by repeated dragging, and If
nes. essary additional sand or clay
should be supplied at points which
show weakness owing to these ma
terlals not having been mixed In proper
proportions.
|, Other features o6 the construction
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26

be surfaced should be trenched out
with the grading machine to receive
the surfacing material. The surfacing
material should be spread to such \
depth that 1t will be at least eight
inches thick at the center when COM
pacted.
Case 4.-Where 1t Is necessary to
bring the sand and clay on the road
separately and mix them in place, the
method employed should be combi-
nation of the methods already de-
scribed. That Is, q trench should b.
formed with the grading machine to
receive the bottom layer Of material,
which may be either the sand or the
clay, and the top layer should then be
| spread and the mixing done as de-
scribed in Case / or Case 2. The
depths Of the respective layers should
be such as to secure completed sur
face at least eight inches thick, and
the proportions should be fixed In the
manner already described In discussing
the other cases.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26

can best be described separately foc
each Of the four sets Of conditions
mentioned above.
Case Ito construct a snnd-c1ay
surface by admixing clay with sand
from the roadbed, first grade the road
bed in the manner already described
for earth-bed construction, but keep
the crown fiat on the portion to be
surfaced. Then spread clay over that
part of the roadway which the sur
face Is to cover. to such depth that,
when it Is mixed with the sand of the
roadbed. surface about eight Inches
thick, after compacting, viii be OBJ
tanned. The loose depth Of clay neces-
sary to secure finished surface eight
inches thick usually will vary from
four inches to six inches, according to
the amount of sand the clay contains.
After the clay has been spread, pillow
up sand from beneath in sufficient
quantity to make the net proportion
of sand to clay about 2 to 1. Ortiinari-
ly the pillow burrows should extend
down into the sand from four to six
inches, depending on the compactnesS
OF the roadbed and the amount of sand
originally present in the clay. But
1t Is better to have too little than too
much sand, because 1t Is easier to add
sand from the roadbed than to haul
additional clay. Next harrow the sur
face with disk harrow. Repeat the
operations of blowing and narrowing
until the sand and clay are mixed thor
oughly and uniformly. Then shape up
the surface with grading machine or
road drag and permit traffic upon 1t.
After the first soaking rain, pillow and
harrow the surface again until the
surfacing material practically becomes
mud, after which shape up the surface
and keep 1t in shape by repeated drag
g1ng until 1t has dried out and Is
thoroughly compacted. Watch the road
carefully for several months after 1t
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26

closure for the breeders and then isO-
late them from the remainder Of the
flock as only eggs from the best birds
on the farm should be used in produc-
ing the next years flock.
During the marketing of the hens
one year old or more, it is well to re-
member that pullets do not make the
best breeders and it will pay to re-
tain a few two-year-old hens to pro-
duce vigorous young stock. Two-year-
old hens mated with vigorous young
cockerels will produce excellent re-
suits.
A satisfactory storage place for Dab
bages, mangels and turnips will pay as
the farm flock frequently suffers for
green food when it might be supplied
abundantly at very small cost.
Care for Melting Hens.
Noting hens require considerable
care and well-balanced ratiops as il
is good mana cement to bring them
through the period as rapidly as pos
sible without too much forcing. Hens
that receive Indifferent care do moi
come through the molt in good condi
ton and it takes them until spring to
recuperate.
Do not be discouraged with the
poultry business if at first the win
ter egg supply is rather limited. The
fact that eggs are high and scarce
in the winter is sure proof that poul
try breeders have not yet discovered
how to make hens lay in zero wealth
err as they would like TO have them
Balanced rations win assist in pro
ducing winter eggs but much should
not be expected Of the hen in winter
until the breeder has mastered tht
finest points of the business.
Take care of the birds in the fall
and winter and the balance of the veal
will cause no worry as the equipment
necessary for good management Of thu
poultry In the winter will insure thetl
protection at all times.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26
Both Alike.

women are unkind to one another.
Have you ever noticed how woman
with new hat patronizes the woman
who is wearing last years creation
made over?"
Eyes. But on the other hand, have
you ever noticed the way man who
has new motorcar looks down on the
owner of a secondhand machine?"
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26
Read Up. Bill.

How did Bill happen to be ar
restedf
Left his car In the street all night
without complying with the biblical
Injunction"
Didn't know the Bible made any
ruling on the subject"
"Oh, yes. 1t says, Let your light
shine"
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26
Quick Work

"A rapid shopper, you say?''
THAT woman can buy hat In half
day"
Wonderful I"
1.-TWO afternoons in town and she
has selected pair Of new shoes"
You don't tell mel
'And she can purchase tie for her
husband in about three minutes"
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26
All the World a STAGE.

Don't you admire oratory?"
"Yes," replied the old circus man.
but you can't always put your i'm
plicit confidence In their dulcet per-
;uasions. Some Of the worst shows
have the best spielers."
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26

and non-sitters. They produce, in six
weeks, fine yellow-skinned broilers,
weighing from two to three poundn
each.
Other Varieties.
Another OF the varieties Of the
meat class is the Aylesbury duck,l
which Is an English fowl, very SINH
lar to the Pekin. 1t is a very pretty
fowl, of pure white plumage, and by
some breeders 1t is considered a prac-
teal bird to breed. The Rouen
White and Colored Muscovy ducks,
the Cayuga, and the Blue Swedish
family that may be adapted to farm
purposes.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26

All, here comes man from New
York! Perhaps he can tell us some
thing about the Latin Quarter.
Say, I'm no coin collector. Amt it
like any other two-bit piece?-Indian-
apolis Star.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26
A New Version.

Mary had a little skirt;
Twas up to date. no doubt,
For every time she got inside
She was nearly halfway out.
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26

Madam, pardon me, but are you
really fond of your dog?"
Eyes, why?"
swell, l was going to say II you
weren't I'd feed him that sandwich you
just gave me-"
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26
Its Advantages.

HAS the hotel where you are stay
ing unusual gastronomic advantagesr'
"Oh. no gas of any kind. They use
electricity exclusively"
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26
Anomalous.

Marriage is odd you add one to
one and make onen'
"How singular"
The Oakley herald. [volume] (Oakley, Idaho) 1908-1961, 1917-10-26

The popular man
In all neighborhoods
Is the one who can
Deliver the goods.
The Yale expositor., 1917-02-08
Fish FARMING.

That fish can be raised as profit
able farm crop is the belief Of the
state College Of Agriculture at Cor
nell. The college authorities are plan
ming to add to their present fish hatch
cry a series Of ponds in which the fish
may be kept and reared to maturity
under known conditions. Up to the
present time there has been scarcely
any scientific fish raising, and most OF
the hatcheries are raising FRY and
turning them loose in the streams 10
shift for themselves. The only places
where trout are raised TO any extent
are on commercial farms, and even
there the process has not been stand
ardized nor has the problem received
the study necessary to place fish rails
ing on a practical basis. The ques-
ton of the best fish foods and how to
provide them, the selection of breeding
stock and the best methods Of fish pond
management have been neglected, and
1t is these questions that the college
hopes to solve.
The Yale expositor., 1917-02-08

II do not know" faltered Toinette.
"but, oh. David"
"Good-by !" he said
She did not answer, but held Oei
her hand. He paid no heed. With a.
sob she turned and ran falterjngly to-
ward her fathers house.
David set about the work hs had
to do.
He went directly to Blacktord's room
at the tavern. Ike was not there. In
a corner, beneath the wooden table
where q dozen law books lay scattered,
was a narrow box. Ike had often ex-
hibited its contents to him. He lifted
it upon the table and threw open the
lid. Within lay two of those deadly
weapons which none but gentlemen
cherished-two dueling pistols, brown
barreled, glistening, long and lean us
lightning. He drew forth one of them,
tried it's hammer; it moved swiftly,
noiselessly. He loaded it, fitted the
flint into the lock, placed 1t In the
bosom Of his coat, and went out, silent
ly, his face white as linen.
Night had fallen. Far to the east
sheet of flame fllckered palely. Long
after, faint roll of thunder followed.
A drop of icy rain struck his face.
The Yale expositor., 1917-02-08
MOTHER! LOOK At
CH|LD'S TONGUE
II cross, feverish, constipated,
give California Syrup
of Figs"

A laxative today saves sick child
tomorrow. Children simply will not
take the time from play to empty their
bowels, which become clogged up with
waste, liver gets sluggish; stomach
sour.
Look at the tongue, mother If coat
ed, or your child is listless, cross, few
erish, breath bad, restless, doesn't eat
heartily, full of cold or has sore throat
or any other children's ailment, give a
teaspoonful of california Syrup OF
Figs" then don't worry, because it Is
perfectly harmless, and in few hours
all this constipation poison, sour bile
and fermenting waste will gently
move out of the bowels, and you have
u well, playful child again. a thor
ough INSIDE cleansing" is Ofttimes all
that is necessary. 1t should be the
first treatment given in any sickness
Beware of counterfeit fig syrups.
Ask at the store for 50-cent bottle OF
California Syrup of Figs" which has
full directions for babies, children OF
all ages and for grown-ups plainly
printed on the bottle. Adv.
The Yale expositor., 1917-02-08
CHAPTER XVII.
The Storm Breaks.

Young Doctor Elliott, lying prone on
his blanket on the hewn logs of the
floor of Conrod's tavern, stirred uneas-
lily in his sleep. Outside, the artillery
of the last thunderstorm Of the autumn
rumbled and crashed above the steady
rush of the rain. A hand fell upon the
latch and the door burst open before
the fury of the wind. Elliott woke to
find the rain driving into his face. He
was about to rise to close the door
when the whole room was struck out of
darkness by the dazzling blue of sheet
lightning. 1t was gone as instantly
as 1t came and the crash of thunder
which accompanied 1t drowned his cry.
In that single moment of the binding
flash he had seen, outlined against the
shimmering sky, framed in the rec
tangle of the door, the dreadful figure
of crouching Indian, knife in hand.
His limbs froze in horror. The room
was now as black as midnight, but his
eyes ached with the impress of the
lightning glare and the image that had
been struck into them. Still in the
pitch darkness he could see that sick
ening face-dark, evil, its bloodshot
eyes peering malevolently into the
room.
He heard the rain-soaked moccasins
of the savage take two steps inward.
Before he could cry out again, a sec
ond flash of lightning illumined the
room, and showed a second man, tall,
pale with anger, his foot on the thresh-
old.
With the hoarse snarl Of a wild
beast, the Indian leaped at the figure
in the doorway. They grappled. In
the darkness Elliott heard their quick
terrible breathing as they swayed in
a struggle for life. A stool tripped
them and they fell, rolling against him
Again the lightning flared and he saw
the knife, dashed from the Indians
hand, lying beside him. The white
man was beneath, his face hidden by
the straining shoulders of the savage,
Blindly Elliott seized the weapon and
struck with hysterical force.
The man beneath shook off the Ie-
Taxed arms of the hideous intruder and
rose unsreadily to his feet. Then he
laughed aloud in the darkness.
'I cau't see who you are, friend" he
said, "Dut you've certainly saved me
from a close call"
Elliott made no answer. He was
sobbing weakly, his hand still clutch.
ing the blood-stained knife. From the
upper room came the sound ol voices
and the tavernkeeper came hurrfedly
down the narrow ladder leading from
the loft, followed BIZ the awakened
guests. Someone surucR a mint; can
dies were lighted.
ITO BE CONTINUED,
The Yale expositor., 1917-02-08
THICK, GLOSSY HAIR
FREE FROM DANDRUFF
GlrIsl Beautify Your Hairl Make II
Soft, Fluffy and Luxuriant-Try
the Moist Cloth.

Try as you will, after an application
Of Danderine, you cannot find a single
trace Of dandruff or falling hair and
your scalp will not itch, but what will
please you most, will be after a few
weeks use, when you see new hair,
fine and downy at first-yes-but real
ly new hair-growing all over the
scalp.
A little Danderine Immediately dou-
bles the beauty Of your hair. No differ
ence how dull, faded, brittle and
scraggy, just moisten a cloth with
Danderine and carefully draw 1t
through your hair, taking one small
strand at a time. The effect is i'm
mediate and amazing-your hair will
be light, fluffy and wavy, and have an
appearance of abundance; an incom-
parable luster, softness and luxuri-
ance, the beauty and simmer Of true
hair health.
Get q % cent bottle of Knowlton's
Danderine from any store and prove
that your hair is as pretty and soft
as any-that It has been neglected or
injured by careless treatment-that's
all. Adv.