davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10
Power of Aeros
Is Increasing

"The size and power Of the aero
planes have already gone far beyond
tho limits set for their possible devel-
opment by certain engineers only three
years ago. The practical difficulties Of
making them larger still are quite ap-
parent; yet, nevertheless, no theoretical
limits to their size and power have
yet been accepted by aeronauts. That
the aeroplane is now the best sincl e
weapon against the submarine IS con-
ce7ed. That the aeroplane, and espe-
cially the battlcplane, will rapidly ad-
vance IN size and power within the
coming year and afteTward is the
mature belief of many aerOnauts.
ShCG q we not therefore Immediately
investigate its capabilities. not only as
q scout lGd accessory. but as maj
instrument of warfare ?"
Those familiar with the activities Of
the multiple motored machines in Eu-
rope the Handley-Page, the German
Fritz, the Italian Caproni, the various
French "aviOn de chasse" and the Rus.
sian Sikorsky-k the effective SER
vice they have rendered. and, relatively
speaking, they are just beginning to be
used.
In the April and Q issues of Aerial
age an article Dy +. HahdIet- age
A. F. Ae. s., one Of the best known
manufacturers and aero-dynamic eX-
perts in England. ably states the case
Of the large machine from the pilots
standpoint.
There has been very much less ex-
perience in the flying Of large machines
than with small ones" he says, "and
therefore, pilots are not so accustomed
TO their use; neither is the experience
wide enough TO draw general con-
clusions It may, however, be safely
said that large machines can be built
10 operate quite as easily and fly with
rs little fatigue as the best of the
small ones. No Servo-motors are re-
quired for the controls, provided the
controlling surfaces are properly bal
anced. There is less work in flying a
large machine, owing to the wind gusts
which seem large TO a small machine
being relatively small in their effect on
a large one. A large machine will
plough its way through gusts withou,
any control being necessary. whereas a
good deal OF warpinC might be ueces-
s&ry on a small machine. The large
machine can be handled more easily
on the ground and can alight in smaller
places
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10

employment Of large armies have
reached a high state of development,
do they not have a much wider field IN
the United States where the distances
are relatively enormous. and where the
organization, training and strategical
employment Of large armies are arts
almost unknown? is II not possible
that an immediate and strenuous de-
volopment Of battle planes might save
u from invasion, just as the Monitor
saved us from the Merrimac?
"In case our fleet is defeated IN the
Atlantic during next year. we sha.l no.
have an army that could stand up
against any European army that might
land on our shores. But If We mad
division Of, say. one hundred battle
PLANES near New York. costing about
three million dollars, we could certain
lv prevent the disembarkment. transit
in boats 10 the shore and landing OF
any force of soldiers, especially II the
battleplanes were assisted by, say. two
hundred small acroplarcs, dropping
bombs. Similar divisions al other
points, including one at the Panama
Canal. could perform similar services,
anl the great speed of the aircraft
would enable each division 10 guard
long extent of coast A division or
100 battleplanes could 90 from New
York % the capes Of the Chesapeake
in three or four hours. They could be
eouipped with 2-inch guns. The muz-
zle energy Of 100 3-inch guns is equal
10 the muzzle energy (and therefore
destructive power Of about $4,000
soldiers rifles.
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10
By c. DOUGLAS WARDROP.
Nlanaolnc Edlior oi ~Aenal Age

DAY by day reports from the battle
~ fields Of France emphasize the
growing importance of the great battle
planes, the powerful bomb dropping
raiders which are making life miser-
able far behind the trenches. We are
hearing. too. Of these machines helping
the troops in their attacks, and helping
also in defence, swooping down with
machine guns and bombs against
charging lines Of Germans.
Il IS probably toward the construc-
tion Of such machines, even more than
OF the speedy scouts, that the United
States will turn now that the war has
at last set this country vigorously 10
work on aeronautics. America has al
ready developed = splendid array Of
battle planes Of different types, and
with these for a nucleus and with the
assurance that the factories will be
called upon 10 build thousands of these
machines there is no reason 10 doubt
that the United States will soon have
the largest and best manufacturing
concerns IN the world, and will not only
be able 70 defend her shores against an
invader, but also 10 play decisive part
in defeating Germany via the air route.
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10
Johnny Poe, Many Sided Fighter
Real Example Of u. S. Marine,
THE MARINES HYMN

From the Halls o, wo-.s,,-
To the shores Of rripo.i
We fght our country's t,.,..
80 ." ,he sea.
'iS' 80 "S''' i0' i'S"- and freedom
ana 70 Keep our hono- c.ean
W. '.e i'01u 20 '''lH me t.e
VI Ohi'ed st4'es Marine.
rrom the Pest Hole 81 Gavin.
To .be Di.eb e. p.-,-,.
you will find tber, ye-v 81
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10
Difficulty of
Getting Funds

For years such men as Rear Admiral
Robert T. Peary, Rear Admiral Bradley
A. Fiske, Alan 2 Hawley, president Of
the Aero Club Of America; Henry
Woodhouse, managing editor Of "Fly-
ing; Glen H. CuTtiss, inventor Of the
hydro-aeroplane, and scores Of others
urged Congress 10 make adequate ap-
preparations for constructing large
feet Of aeroplanes and hydro-aero-
planes, and 10 place with the manu-
fac-urers Of aircraft orders large
enough for them 10 erect and equip ad-
eouate factories, and employ, train and
assure skilled workmen employment
over a given period Of time. They
knew well that sooner or later the day
was coming when America would need
all these factories, trained laborers and
tens Of thousands Of aircraft.
But, like al prophets, they were not
recognized IN their own lands. Even
last November. when Great Britain was
expending So5O,OO0OO0 a year on air
service and maintaining over ten thou
sand aviators, and when even Canada
was spending Ssoo0o,OO0 in aerial pre-
paredness. the men mentioned above,
together with the Aero -5lub Of Amer
lea and its thirty aHEated clubs, had
the greatest difficulty in persuading
Congress 20 appropriate $1I0OO,OOO for
aviation purposes.
Indeed. Secretary Baker informed The
special Aero Club committee sent 10
Washington 90 urge q sufficient appro-
priatlon for aerorautics that S1,2200J0
was adequate for that purpose.
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10
The New York
Seaplane

The hydgoaeroplane recently com
rletod and tested by the New York
Aero Construction Company has
q supporting surface OF $40 square feet.
twin Aeromarirc motors 100 horse
rowcr each. and twin pontoous, weighs
700 mounds and has room for a useful
load Of LOO pounds. It's maximum
speed is - miles an hour, minimum 43
miles an hour and 10 has a flying ra-
Gius Of o hours. Due TO advanced type
Of ponto0ns and other features en-
bodied in the plane. II rose from the
water on test within 80 feet. Aviator
~. Leonard Bonney flying. The pom
t0ous can be replaced by land rigging
The twin-motorcd tractor designed
by Albert S. Heinrich, Of the Atlantic
Aircraft Company, made successful
flights 20 Mineola in the summer of
1916, when aerial torpedo carrying
tests were made. The power plants
were two Aeromarinc six-cyindcr mo-
tors.
As tho fusilage projects are well for
ward Of the planes. a machine gun
mounted on the nose Is permitted
wide arc OF fire. One Of the tests at
Mincola consisted Of carrying a tor
pedo below the fusilage. which could
be released at the viii o. the observer
The nature Of the landing gear gives q
good deal Of clear space below the
fusclagc. afIordiug an ideal location for
suspcndiug and releasing aerial torpe-
does OF large size.
The Gallaudet seaplanc combines the
advantages of the pushcr type with
those Of the tractor BOO that the pilots
and observer views are unrestricted
200 all directions, the case with all
rushcr typcs vet the scaplane pos
sosses fusI.age. greatly lessenilg re
sistancc. The machine is equipped with
two Duscubcrg engines of 100 horse
power each, driving two propeller.
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10
Wing Spread
S15 Square Feet

The supporting surface includes the
upper and lower wings, the total area
Of which is S-e1e square feet. The
aerorlanc dead load) weighs 2,24o1O
pounds. Power plant and accessories
dead load) 1860 pounds. Live load,
consisting Of passenger and pilot. $50
pounds; fuel 55S pounds; oil, g.
pounds. and the additional required
load. $50 pounds. total up 10 LOO
pounds. Grand total weight OF aero
plane, power plant. accessories and live
load. 4f-G.GG pounds.
The Model H-lZ flying boat, built bv
tho Curti-s Company for the United
States navy. is the largest tyne Of hv-
ing boat in the world. First trials
were given 70 no Pensacola, Fla. Al
though the HIS have been turned out
I'm large numbers for use in European
nav.cs. the demonstration flights at
Pensacola VIII be the hrst % have
been made by such q machine in this
country.
In spite Of the gigantic proportions
of the boat. 10 is easily controlled by
one pilot. Four or five passengers be-
sides the pilot can comfortably move
about in the cockpit. The cockpit is
entirely covered over by hatch pro-
vdod with ccl'uloid windows. permit
ting vision in all directions. This not
only projects the occupants from the
wind when in flight and spray when
alightinc. but also carries out the
smooth effect Of the hull 20 decrease
wind resistance and skin friction.
List Of general dimensions, areas
anu weights: Wing span. upper plane.
% feet Si2 inches; net weight Of
machine. empty 5.@f5 pounds; useful
load. 2,0lf pounds
The boat is expected 20 attain q
speed Of eighty-fve miles an hour, and
leaves the water no approximately fifty
five miles au hour
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10

nose Of the hull There are dash
lights. cockpit lights. rear seat lights,
tail lights and ned and green port and
starboard lights on upper wing tips,
Small lights arc located at the top Of
all iuterplane struts, which cast their
rays downward and along al wires,
making the machine quite visible at
night. facilitating landing and permit
ting the observation of all structural
members while in flight. A trouble
light" on an extensionablc lead is
carried in the mechanics cockpit, for
use in making adjustments or repairs.
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10
The Large Versus the
Small Machine

"When considered from the point Of
view Of load to be carried or long dis
tance TO be flown, the large machine
has IL all its own way. Where a large
load is TO be carried the size of the
machine to do 1t must be increased
until the useful load is sufficiently
great. The size Of the machine that is
required for the purpose depends on
tho total weight per horsepower that
can be carried. There is here no Qucs-
tion Of competition between large and
small machines; it is a case of the cor
rect machine for tn. purpose
FOR future commercial developments
the large machine scores. with plenty
Of room Tor passengers % sit i'm COM
fort, or malls or luggage 10 be carried,
and with ITS Stcadier movement will
afford great comfort TO those who
travel by II. II is probable that COM
mcrclal aerOplane work viii be under
taken for long distance journeys.
Where delays al the commencement Of
the journey are a large percentage in
time Of that necessary 70 complete the
distance, the possible time taken 20
traverse a given space may be as great
as or even greater than that taken by a
the old question Of the hare and the
tortoise. Where, however. the distance
20 be traversed is great, such as 1000
or 1000 miles. or with journeys such
as crossing the Atlantic. the passengers
or mails could afford 20 wait a day or
two and will accomplish the journey
far quicker than any other means Of
transit. Were the commercial develop
nent Of aviation confined TO journeys
Of from 80 20 300 miles, delays at
starting or the cost Of organizing TO
prevent them would cause the aero
Planes use 20 be considerably nullifed
"lt Is this question Of certainty in
operation that requires careful at,en-
ton, for ~ is the one thing at the pres
cnt time that the areoplaue require. in
order that ~ may take IT'S proper place
Ia commercial work 1000 -. snAa
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10

more and a colonel or so less. but the
above will do to illustrate point.
The race may still be close between
Guatemala and San Salvador for the
al-American record for producing the
greatest number of commanders per
capita among its soldiery, for in those
genius-ridden regions a man who fails
to win his major generals stars be-
fore he is thirty may almost be said to
have missed his calling 1t Is ex-
tremely doubtful, though, if any mill
tary organization in the United States
can score a higher total in this regard
than the ID Cavalry, regulars.
The Case of the I'd Cavalry
The escutcheon of this historic regi-
ment bears the motto, "Tourjours
Prat" Sergeant Major Nicholas R.
O'Donoghue says this is French and
means always on the job" He
proudly explains that the Cd has been
on the job since 1886 and never has
failed to rise to any emergency, just as
it has risen 10 the emergency that con-
fronts it now. Then with an impressive
pass Of the hand the sergeant major
directs attention to the parade ground,
framed by a window in post head
quarters.
-Four thousand men are drilling there
and elsewhere about the reservation in
details of from four 70 forty each.
Four hundred men are acting as drill
masters, guides and instructors, while
others are standing on the side lines.
correcting, sucgcs.ing and advising
The four .housand are regular army
rockies. The four hundred are enlisted
mon Of tho -d Cavalry. And the only
reason there are not more drill mas
ters is because there are only ten
troops Of ID Cavalry men at Ethan Al
Ten. And all OF these cannot be used
on the field Some three hundred are
doing equally valuable. though less
conspicuous, work in the quartermas-
tcrs' stores and mess rooms.
When the expansion and reorganiza-
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10

exact language of the book frequently
are beside themselves to- express the
same thing in their own words.
Short of Equipment
All but 1000 OF the men here are
under canvas, but are comfortable
Work is being rushed on wooden bar
racks OF the Plattsburg pattern, and
the troops will move In as the build
ings arc completed The same short
age OF equipment that embarrasses
Plattsburg IS apparent here. There is
not enough Of anything except food
Colonel Dickman is not complaining,
however. He is especially pleased be
cause 5000 mounts for his men will
begin to arrive from the West on
June 10.
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10
Cavalry Rockies
Outnumbered by
Drill Sergeants
Fort Ethan Allen Looks
Like Camp of Central
American Army
By MARQUIS JAMES

Fort Ethan Allen. VT, June "a
great deal has been said in light spirit
concerning the personnel Of certain
Central American army. Reports have
it that fully offcered fighting unit oil
this earnest young republic numbers
seventy-four generals, 1872 colonels'
couple hundred majors, captains, ct
cetera. and nine privates, including the
regimental cook. The absolute eXactl-
tude Of these figures is not youched
for. There may be a general or so
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10
Oldtime Marines Gone

The Spanish-AmerIcan War saw the
last of the marine who was only an
infsntryman, whose snip duties were
those Of the orderly and sentry. Sang
Kipling:
There isn't job on the top o. the earth the
beggar don't know nor do.
You can laave him at night on bald man 2
head 10 paddle his own canoe.
He's a sort Of a bloomin' cosmopolouse-
soldier and sailor. too.
He must handle l2-foot ash oar In
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10
Fiske Urges
Use of Planes

Admiral Fiskc pointed Out that:
"lf battle planes have sucn "a field
- usefulness In Europe where ths dis
farccr ere very small and whore the
Organization. training and t..-.c. cal
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10
Different from Piattsburg

This cantonmenl. where men are
being trained 10 be soldiers, Is interest
ing b. contrast with Plattsburg, just
across Lake Champlain. where men are
being trained TO be officers. Plattsburg
has the pick Of the East, Ethan Allen
the average Of the East. II is good
high average, though.
There are college men among the
recruits here now. There are men
who applied for admission to Platts-
burg and failed and others who were
too young 10 enter an officers school.
The contention that great many are
volunteering 10 avoid the selective
draft seems overthrown by the facts al
Ethan Allen. Almost half Of the re-
>ruits are under the conscription age.
TIE average age OF those IN the camp
is between twenty-one and twenty-five.
The average age at Plattsburg is
about thirty.
An altogether different make OF
psychology underlies the training of a
soldier and an officer. A soldier must
learn to obey, an officer TO command.
A soldier learns "How." an officer
How" and why" There is no class
room work here. The purely intel
lectual part Of a private's training is
limited virtually to the memorizing Of
certain excerpts from the. various ser
vice manuals. This parrot-like de-
vice, although decried by officers, con-
tinues to be almost universal. Ser
vice veterans who can repeat the regu-
lations forward and backward in the
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10
Princeton Hero Now Asleep
in France, with Others OF
the Black Watch, One OF
the Sea Cavalry, Always
on Firing Line

A cockney Homer and many lessei
lyricists have sung sdmiringly OF the
marine. but the complete characterizer
Of that many sided fighting man was
tho late Johnny Poo Of the Poes OF
Princeton.
Johnny Poe lies dead in France with
some hundreds Of his mates OF the
Black Watch. But in the days before
a German bullet halted him forever ne
pursued adventure as eagerly as ever
he followed the pigskin. SO it was only
natural that he should know something
about those specialists in adventure,
those amphibious infantrymen who are
always on the firing line. In other
words. the United States Marines.
He Joined them in 1903 when there
was little mess between Panama and
Colombia. The marines were TO get
into the ruction at once, as usual, and
as that was Poe's motto, too, he signed
up with them as sergeant He was
college man and had seen service IN
'9s. but he hadn't been on the lsthmus
long when he presented himself before
Colonel Waller and asked TO be reduced
TO the ranks.
"a rather unusual request, Sergeant
Poe" Colonel Waller commented.
"Nha,'s the reason ,"
Wanted to Serve In Ranks
Colonel. don't think I'm qualified
for the duties Of sergeant
"But you've had a college education
and seen service. You may be bit
rusty on drill and regulations, but we
make an allowance for that, as we do
for the new second lieutenants down
here
ayes. sir. understand" said Poe,
earnestly. "But nobody expects any
thing Of second lieutenant. A ser
geant Of marines has got to know some
thing"
Wherein Johnny Poe said at least a
! volume. II is well enough for aged
salts TO speak slurringly Of the marines
as "idlers' and politicians" He re-
! member them as quellers Of mutinies.
spoilers of perfectly good fights that
arose when the grog went around IN
pannikins. Times have changed since
then. Johnny Poe meant that ser
geant had TO know something" be-
cause he was dealing with the most ac-
complished outfit that ever went into
action.
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10

Hayti and other small es,abl,br,,..
devoted to the manufacture OF ts,o'-
tions he is fu.nisa ag de.achmen,. y,
all battleShips and cruisers, gua,5i,s
navy yards. wireless stations and A.
senals, legations and naval bases.
lie is the most mobile fga,ing r,.
in the service SO scurry 1g around !,
find transports ior H'm when thent
trouble p the South Seas OF amor,
arctic bergs. His home is a ship l.
keeps house with "a sea bag and d.sr
box, and about the time re receives N,
orders he's on the way 20 Dis naun
habitat which is wherever there h f,
row and United states citizens AZ
properties must be protected.
"The Marines-WeIl in Hand"
When he arrives the corresponds,
wires A form message t0 his newspspr
which reads: "Thc marines have lanas.
and have the situation woH 10 hsni
That settles everything. including tiol
who started the ruc-lon.
Speaking OF them before a Hosa
Committee on Naval Affairs, Rear A.
miral Winslow said: -lae.r espu. q
corps is very high; -hcy axe ru.
pride in their profession They nsyr
let things slack off a b.t'
An English military C.pert h'
spoken more specifically ol the NJ
rines qualities.
THE best equipped, organized a.
most efficient body Of its size IN t.
world" ne is quoted, IS the Univ!
States Marine Corps; Che rccond bts
is the Northwest Canadian Nounx.
Police, and the third bes, is the PsIS
sylyania State Constabu.ary'
His uniform is al .ad.X Of ms char
acter lie wears the yellow cheyro,i
Of the cavalry. the rad trolser strips
of the artillery and tl. lightly be-.
bottomed flap of the sailor.
His Own Best Press Agent
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10
y. S. Developing Great Battle Planes
To Defend Coasts and War on Germany

America Aiming to Have the
Largest and Best Plants in
the World for Building Air
Fleets, the Growing I'm
portance of which Is
Demonstrated in Europe
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10

ple enough matter 20 asslmilate t.e
usual day-by-day increment OF recruits
into the standing army. Uncle sam :
matchless and picturesque corps OF
drill sergeants attends 70 that. But
they came so fast this time tnat the
drill sergeants were swamped IN a few
davs. More non-commissloned othcerS
were relieved of their other duties ana
sent TO the drill field. But still the
recruits came. and they continue to
come. The embryo regiments are up 10
war strength and growing stronger
with each incoming train.
The man who inscribed the I'd cavalry
watchword inscribed not IN vain. Tor
when the situation demanded that every
man of the 2d from high private on
up TO colonel cooperate to organize
and drill that influx Of recruits, every
man was ready. The local muster rolls
at headquarters list the men OF the "a
as privates, corpoyals and sergeants,
but the activity on the parade ground
seems TO dispute this sage authority.
There every last trooper Of the I'd is
a commander. bare OF shoulder straps,
indeed. and like as not innocent even
Of the lone chevron of a lance corporal
but a commander pro TEN. Just the
same.
"R-rright shoulderr-r. inns! For
ward, Unch,"
New-York tribune., 1917-06-10

tion programme for the regular army
was announced three weeks ago Colonel
Joseph G. Dickman. commanding the
I'd Cavalry. received orders that his
regiment would be split into three dl-
visions, each squadron of the old COM
mand 10 become a new regiment. The
organizations thus created are 20 be
carried on the rolls as the 18th and
18th Cavalry. Fort Ethan Allen was
designated as the depot 10 which cav
airy recruits would be dispatched from
all over New England