davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30
ART OF THE CAMERA.
Tho First Chemical Step In tho History
of Photography.

The First Chemical Step In tho History
of Photography.
The distinction OF making the first
chemical step in the history Of photog
raphy belongs to Italy. owing TO the
discovery by alchemists Of the six
teenth century that nitrate chloride of
silver is blackened on exposure to light.
while the foundation Of Photographic
optics was laid by Della Porta in his
invention about 1863 of the camera OBJ
scura--i. E., the darkening of nitrate of
silver by light
Experiments In 17T7 by Scheele, a
Swedish chemist, and by Ritter Of Jena
In 1901 in the action Of rays of light
upon horn silver carried the science a
step further But to Thomas Wedg
wood Of England belongs the honor OF
having been the first to produce photo
graphs by the action of light on
sensitive surface, his researches being
much aided by the observations OF Sir
Humphry Dayy These photographs
were made in 1862
Twelve years later Nicephore Niepce
Of Chalons-surSo Soane was the first to
produce permanent pictures by the
means Of solar radiation, his process,
described as photography, consisting In
coating piece Of plated silver or glass
with bitumen
The daguerrotype, which did justice
without mercy, was produced about
1889 by Daguerre and Niepce. For
more than twenty years the daguerro-
type, facetious descriptions of which
are found in the pages of Samuel Le-
yer, Dickens, Thackeray and Reade,
held tyrannous sway, w. Ii. Fox Tai
bot in the meantime vainly trying to
secure recognition for his calotype
process, which, by the aid OF paper
STEPPED in nitrate Of silver, produced
the negative or invisible picture now
used In all photographs.
To Howe is credited the invention of
the changing box, containing a dozen
or more plates with special form of
dark bath. which can be changed with
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30
RESCUE OF THE BUFFALO.
No Danger Now of the Valuable AMI
NAL BECOMING Extinct.

The American bison, or buffalo, Is
increasing III number, according to the
annual report of the biological survey
and the danger of complete extinction,
that once threatened, apparently no
longer exists.
The rescue of the buffalo from the
slaughterers is one Of the most inter
It is estimated that at one time within
the last century there were as many as
75,000,000 Of these great, unwieldy
creatures on the North American con-
tinent. Early travellers tell of herds
that were days In passing, that halted
stopped wagon and railway trains on
the western plains. The number killed
by the Indians in their hunts was not
equal to the natural increase OF the
herds
The slaughter began when the rail-
roads crossed the prairies and opened
up unexplored tracts to the hide hunt
ers. Thousands were killed merely for
a slice of their hump or tongue. For
years hunters sold an average Of 2,O00,-
600 hides annually In 1889 the num-
ber of American bison, wild and cap
tive, was only 1901 There are now
perhaps In North America as many as
1900.
The buffalo was the most numerous
and valuable animal Of this country
Its flesh was sun dried in great guam
titles and made excellent beef The
bones, horns and sinews were all util-
ized, and the hide was made into
lodges, harness, canoes and winter
clothing. Had the buffalo been con
served In time instead of being so
ruthlessly slaughtered it would today
have had an economic value to the
country difficult to overestimate.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30

Prospects are bright for a good
season.
Cigar Makers report that all of
their members are working and they
are looking for more men to smoke
union made cigars.
Molders 68 report conditions are
6ne and Molders 283 report work
fair at the stove foundry.
Machinists report plenty of work.
Machinists working In Hoovens
and the Hamilton Machine Tool
Co, have secured increases In
wages. The machinists at the Niles
plant still have the bonus system.
Metal Polishers report fair.
Painters report every man work
ing.
Plumters, good condition two
men out OF work.
Stove Mounters plenty of work.
Teamsters report progress.
Woman's Union Label League
report that the members coming in
are not the wives of union men.
Also report they are giving a dance
and benefit.
Stomps committee were granted
further time.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30
Profit In Sugar; Low Wages.

New York, March 30. The an
nual report of the American Sugar
Refining company shows that pro-
fits have increased from s., 99l 465
In 1915 TO $9,756, 379 last year.
The total income in 1916 was
double that of the previous year.
Despite these enormous profits the
company has refused to pay living
wages to eastern employees who
have been on strike in this city and
in Philadelphia for several weeks.
The strike was used to boost pri,es
while President Babst, in paid ad-
vertisements, denounced the strike
as an attempt of "agitators to run
his business.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30
EATING FOR HIS LIFE.
Story of One Man Who Did Not Dig
His Grave With His Teeth.

Story of One Man Who Did Not Dig
His Grave With His Teeth.
In the American Magazine a writer
cites the case of Luigi Cornaro, to
whom he acknowledged his debt of
health.
Luigi" be says, was an Italian
nobleman of the middle ages. He had
money enough and leisure enough so
that Satan found plenty of work for
bis idle hands during his first forty
years. About his fortieth birthday he
fell sick, and the doctors told him to
make his will, as he could not possibly
live another year
Luigi died at I04 painlessly, as one
who passes into sweet Sleep In the
words of his granddaughter
"What gave him those extra sixty
four years Of lifef Not doctors-he
had nothing to do with them; not med
icine; not exercise. Luigi simply stop
ped eatingl He made a careful study
Of himself to discover just how little
food he could eat and still feel we'll
Out Of this study he soon learned the
valuable truth that most men dig their
graves with their teeth
Most men die because they have so
loaded their bodies with excess food
that their organs OF elimination have
broken under the strain Most men
are tired because they are self poison
ed with too much food All this Luigi
discovered and wrote in book called
the Temperate Life
"Aside from the fact that l belong to
a family that grows stronger as 1t
grows older, | owe to Luigi more than
to any one else the good health and
happiness which l enjoy today at thir-
ty."
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30
HATCH CHICKENS EARLY.
A Tip on How to Obtain a More Steady
Supply Of Eggs.


Nature requires her subjects to take
an annual vacation, and the moulting
season, which begins in late summer,
is the holiday time for hens The hens
stop laying and change their old feath-
er dress for a new one, requiring three
or four months in the operation When
the hens take this vacation new laid
eggs are scarce and remain scarce un-
til the pullets hatched during the pre-
ceding spring begin to lay.
The remedy is very simple and is un-
der the control of the poultryman
The first step is to have chickens
Matched early SO that the pullets begin
to lay when the hens begin to moult.
This is not difficult. Pullets of the
American breeds begin laying at about
seven months Of age Leghorn pullets
begin when about six months old.
North Of the Ohio river this means
that all Matching must he over by May
at the latest The best plan is to
have the chickens coming at intervals
during March and April The earliest
hatched pullets viii, Of course, begin
to lay first If any of them begin to
moult their places win be taken by the
later ones, and a steady supply Of eggs
will be more certain.
The difficulty in the way Of the prac,
tical application Of this matter is that
so many poultry keepers are dependent
on hens for hatchius As long as We
have late hatched chickens we VIII
have late sitters The poultry keeper
who wants to change from the lato
Matching to earIy malchin4 must there
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30
Labor Injunction Is Cunning
Scheme.

Springfield, H., March 30
why do our enemies contend that
iniunctions are more effective than
laws in the prevention OF unlawful
threats, intimidation and violence !?
asked Secretary Olander of the
state federation of labor at a legis-
lative hearing on labor's request
for an Injunction limitation bill.
Then the trade unionist answered
his question as follows:
IF they employers expressed
their real opinions they would say
frankly that violence can only be
dealt with effectively through the
law, and that violence Is only re-
ferred to in labor ipjunctions for
three purposes; first, TO ease the
conscience of the judge who issues
the injunction; second, to prejudice
the public mind against the strikers
third-and most sinister-for the
purpose of breaking down all legal
safeguards against false accusations
and thus making it simple matter
to convict the innocent. l say that
is the deliberate purpose of our
enemies. Avoiding t he direct
charge of violence, which is a crime
under the law, they substitute a
charge of contempt of court, and
thus they prevent trial by jury,
obtain convictions on af6davits
made by spies and professional
strikebreakers, and deprive the ac-
cused striker of the safeguards
agains' false accusation and unfair
conviction with which the law sur
rounds even the meaneSt criminal.
Conviction of the Innocent becomes
easy, that is why our enemies pre-
fer to use the equity judge and his
injunctions rather than to appear
in the law court, where the law
not the Judges supreme, and
where a jury may pass on the guilt
OF innocence of the defendant.
"A person charged with crime in
a law court Is assumed to be limo
cent until proven guilty But the
assumption is reversed in the equity
court where he Is summoned to
show cause why he should not be
punished for contempt, in other
words, he is assumed to be guilty
until he perjures himself by prov
ing innocence"
We make the same complaint
against the Injunction judges as the
early American patriots made
against King George of England:
He has combined with others
to subject us to a jurisdiction for
eign to our constitution, and ack-
nowledged by our laws; giving his
assent to their acts of pretended
legislation"
And among their indictments
against the king we find the fol-
lowing:
For depriving us in many cases
of the benefits of trial by jury"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30
How the Anoients Reoarded Iron.

The ancient Egyptians believed that
iron was the bone Of Typhon, the enc
my OF Osiris. and for this reason It was
considered impure No one could make
use Of 1t, even for the most ordinary
requirements of life without polluting
his soul in way to cause him harm
both on earth and in the other world.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30
What Makes eusineau sueos.s.

There Is always a premium In busi-
ness on the man who does his work
painstakingly," says J o. Armour In
the American Magazine, with com
pleteness and fnality. He is the man
who will be trusted with more and
more responsibility, up to the limit of
his capacity. The man who informs
himself adequately about his firm, its
methods, its policies and its products,
who does his work so we'll that no one
needs follow him up to patch the rag
ged edges. is on the safest, surest and
shortest road to achleYement
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30
Perfect Poetry.

Who wrote the most perfect lines of
English poetry? Personally, writes a
correspondent, find 1t hard to choose
between Shelley's
His head was bound with pansies over
blown
And faded violets, white and pied and
blue;
Tennyson's
Music, that gentlier on the spirit lies
Than tired eyelids upon tired eyes.
and Swinburne's
flowers,
Full OF sweet trees and color Of glad grass
London Chronicle.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30
The Usual Remedy.

Bobbie had been studying his grand
fathers face. which was very much
wrinkled.
well Bob, said the old gentleman,
do you like nay face?"
yes, grandpa" said Bobbie. Its
an awfulIy nice face. But why don't
you have 1t ironed Z" New York Times.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30
1aChinists
Stay away from Hamilton, Ohio,
strike still on at the Black & Claw
son Co.. unfair conditions, STAY
AWAY.

Machinists of Dayton have
made a demand for the 8-hour
day Monday, August II, 1916
All Machinists, Toolmakers
Screwmakers and other ma
chine shop employees Stay
Away.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30

ono piare Ut rlnIe from une Dox ana
then inserted in the camera for ex-
posure.
Changes in the Photographic appara-
tus with the Introduction Of sensitive
films supported not ON glass but on a
flexible material led many leading pho
seventies TO seek material which, al
though possessing the transparency Of
glass, would be less brittle-Boston
Herald.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30
Her Idea.

What buying cigars for your hus-
band? I shouldn't think you'd encour-
age him in the filthy habit"
TIN not I'm buying them to dis
courage nim - Detroit Free Press
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30
naaonn Rllmbsr saxa:

"A feller kin forgive his enemies
easy enough, but consaTned ef it don't
come pooty ding hard sometimes for
him to forgive his friends - Brown
lng's Magazine.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30

fore either get broody hens from some
one else or use an incubator. After he
has changed the dates" on his flock
he will have no trouble, especially with
the American breeds New York Sun.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30

Walton-Alfie says he married rich
woman In order that his wife might
have everything she wanted Life
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30

We are made for cooperation, like
feet, like hands. like eyelids like the
tows of the upper and lower teeth
Marcus Aurelius
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30

Abandoned Alfred-They say that
steady dripping of water II wear away
a stone Dreamy Pete-Jes' think
then, wotd happen to a mans stomach
Dy pourin glassfuls inter it,
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1917-03-30
Loeicai Conclusion.

II feel all gone to pieces this morn
ing"
What do you think IS the matter2'
Il suppose 1t is because am broke
Baltimore American.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-04-05
Spreading the Word.

It has been frequently said since the
delivery of Presidents Wilson's address
to Congress Monday night that great
step toward the Gberalizing of Germany
and the ending of the war would come
from a wide distribution of that docu-
ment among the Teutonic people. And
this thought evidently impresses the
governments Of France and England, for
already, with an enterprise that is most
commendabie, copies of the address
have been printed in German and scat
tered by entente aviators behind the
German lines in France. In all likeH-
hood the government at Berlin will not
permit the circulation of the address in
full. The censor will doubtless prohibit
all but the briefest extracts from it and
the most carefully edited summary. For
the address is in effect an appeal to the
German people to throw off the military
autocracy that deprives them of their
right Of free action and free thought
The aviators on the west front NAV do
some good, however, by putting the
message into the hands of the soldiers
there.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-04-05

the power Of the country-diferences of
opinion are certain to arise as to means
to that end. Financial and economic
problems are fruitful of disputes; and
experts may be expected to come for
ward now with many suggestions.
Likewise in matters of the army and
the navy. AS to the army we shall be
forming one worthy the name. We have
no army, properly socalled, today, and
yet need one of stout proportions and
equipped to the limit.
And our navy lacks much. The ships
we have are of the best, but too few,
and, besides, are undermanned. The
officers in charge are of the best and
bravest, but too few in number.
Business Of this very grave and i'm
portant character, and which cannot
wait, should not be complicated with
other business. Hence an immediate
clearing of the table to make unhindered
way for it is desirable on every account.
The session will be busy one, and its
length dependent, of course, upon de-
velopments both at home and abroad.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-04-05
Victor Records for Easter

,,,., ,,, ~ ~ - Nc. In.
>-'' -A Lucy s sabeli tha Mash soo55 10 7sc
Gloria from 18th Mas. Niozart
Haneuah t"A1essiah'D uHandeD
Victor Chorus Band
Festival in Fat) Dudley Buck)
Trinity Choir IL s1Oo
ehaa "errenah 45oss 10 .,oo
''' " ~
Pie (Requiem 49, &C. Faure) u4atin)
Marcel Journet
Angels Ever Bright an (HandeD
Redemptton 9Gounod1 s5O75 1s
Story Paulin Potter o - . 49,
Holy = %. Mt s,s t ss sss rs Baker ST..
Haeluah Chorus. tAlessiah") Uandep
ccreaon~l laya45 s5ss4 ~ slsS
overwhelmingly. tRossinp (corneD
(schuberD Rinaldi vesselas }
HaneIutnh Choru. c:MessahD dzande) ~
Fps organs Chopin 'aSsa on richard sf Bggs
sx to snssa s sasHy
Victor ses Chorus
m SsP Awsy as ssTns' Of Bsshsh sss
Redeemer Li,esh Man,,
isa' Msr.n '0'' IL '''
Les H""e'"A l"' fA"S " 4os7 $3.50
The Holy (Adams) lie
" trumpet ~ Herbert Wiherspoon
Ho.annn nier) Herb Wiherspoon
Holy tweatherls- Williams
stabat Mate aammut CRossini) Catn>
Enrico Caruso ss4oS II
Asn"~ Del G'n' of COD r iS G5 ea sss n $500
.snus Del uamb of Cod, Iaatls)
LIE. Rnmeaux crhe PALMS, o. Fsure, ,Freneh)
The Holy City l.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-04-05
The Red Cross Fund.

Washington's initial contribution to
the Red Cross fund of 100000 estimated
as the capitals immediate need for this
work in wartime is a splendid, inspiring
response to the call. Nearly one-third
of the total fund was given at the first
meeting of the finance committee. To-
morrow night mass meeting will be
held at which the President of the
Z United States will preside, and at the
present rate the fund will be brought
close to completion on that occasion.
But in any case it is assured that Wash.
ington will do its part financially toward
financing the Red Cross work. It will
set an example to the country in prompt
lberality
: Washington is not a wealthy city. II
has comparatively few residents of grea,
means. 1t is indeed a city of moderate
incomes, and yet in every case it an.
swers the calls upon its pocket, quickly
and generously. The call of the Red
Cross has always been promptly needed
Yesterdays response was characteristic
and an assurance that the city's excel.
lent record will be maintained in this
great emergency.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-04-05

internment of subjects of the enemy
government, but every person owing al
legiance to Germany resident in the
United States will, during the preva-
lence of war, be necessarily subject to
close scrutiny as possible foes or spies.
Lacking citizenship, they will have no
rights during a state of war and will be
simply here on tolerance, and distinctly
on their good behavior. 1t is unfortunate
that any have neglected the taking out
of final papers during these days of war
discussion and the steady march of
events toward the break that is now
about to come. Doubtless many who are
thus caught by the precipitation of hos
tilities are wholly innocent of any in
tention to defer action. Some have
probably not known of the law concern
ing naturalization. Others have been I'M
able to learn what steps to take to be-
come citizens. Congress might consider
the cases of these who are thus caught
by war without American citizenship, of
whose loyalty to this country there can
be no question, and pass an emergency
act permitted the securing of citizenship
within perhaps restricted period after
the declaration of state of war.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-04-05
The New Day in Germany.

The Russian revolution started some
thing in Germany. Will the German
people be able to finish it2 They have
made beginning toward more lib
eralized form of government by com
polling the chancellor to permit the
adoption by the reichstag of measure
providing for the appointment of com
mittee of twenty eight members to re-
wise the constitution of the empire. The
vote by which this measure was adopted
is itself highly significant that some
thing has changed in Germany. 1t was
277 to 80. The SO negative votes were
contributed by the junkers, the ultra
conservatives, thick and thin supporters
of the Prussian autocracy.
But the appointment of constitu-
tional commission is merely begin
ming. This country has seen many a
commission appointed to investigate and
report upon proposed reforms, and after
some years of inquiry the record has
been closed without result But already
the German progressives have filed a
caveat against such failure. Formal
warming has been voiced against a do
nothing commission. Those who cast the
277 votes in the reichstag expect results,
and not merely paper results, but ac-
tual reforms, iberalizing the govern
men. lessening the power of the crown,
making the ministry more responsible
to the people and increasing the author
ity of the parliament.
A full transcript of the debate in the
reichstag would make mighty interest
ing reading just at this time. Just
enough of it is allowed to get out of
Berlin to indicate that the Russian revo-
luton has worked deep effect in Ger
many and has definitely turned the
minds of the people toward popular gov
eminent. One deputy, referring to the
statement that the kaiser had urged the
car to yield to the Russian peoples de-
mand for reform, demanded to know
why the kaiser had not given the kaiser
the same advice, and it is manifest of
the new day in Germany when he de-
clared, without rebuke from those in au-
thority: "Our goal is a republic and we
will get it."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-04-05
The Sessions Start.

The House yesterday passed four of
the bills-an big supply bills-which
were caught in the Senate jam at the
close of the Sixty-fourth Congress. There
was no reason for delay. The provisions
of all were well understood-had been
discussed last winter Presumably, the
Senate will dispose of them promptly,
although they have not been discussed
there at all. But their contents are
known to senators from the House dis
cussions; and what in ordinary times
might lead to debate viii probably in
these times be passed over. These bills
as did the supply bills which passed at
the recent short session, apply to the
support of the government for the
fiscal year beginning the first Of the
coming July.
With the table cleared of all such
business, Congress can get to work on
providing for the new times upon which
: today we formally enter. 1t is ufnec.
essary to say that they are extraordi
, nary times-quite unlike any that have
gone before. America at least has seer
nothing to compare with them. We
shall be making a new record, and pro
visions for making it will embrace many
things.
While but one aim exists-upholdins