davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
EAsr nrrrNLo LII srocI>.

b. Asst BUFFALO, y w. May 90
Cattle Receipts $780, market SLOW
prime steers. Slg0t3.25. butcher
grades S1n1l %; COWS S4d o 20
Calves Receipts. 300 market actt~e
steady. Gull to choice. S5d f425
sheep and lambs Receipts 500 mar
ket active, steady choice lambs
$is.50d cuU TO far. sl0a1625.
yearlinga. tfamtb sheep. s5W 1880
Hogs Receipts. AGO. market. active
lower. workers. $50 pigs. sli5l
NffT5t mixed. $4,000 1850. heavy
SIC 50af6.e0. roughs. s14d1460.
stacp. sf175m't3 30
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26

8 600 market strong mixed and
butchers. st5,tod16to. good heavy.
Sl5 t0Hff15. rough heavy $1,000
1885 light Stt.45G1 % nigs. $3.50
Is 90 Cattle. Receipts, zoo mar
kct steady. hccres. 81 4NN . so .
COWS and heifera. sG54n ff.t0, fced-
ers and stockrrs. $500 1870. calves.
fto>~n a. 1886, sheep Receipts 600
market steady. native. fi225mlt>k0;
western. St1 t0m 1875. lambs SIAN
1895. western tf350 10 -
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
MN NORK COT'rON MARkET
NEw YORK HANK STATEMENT

NEW YORK, May tb--Ihe WerKIY
actual bank statement TODAY showed
tho following changes.
surplus Increased s29.6T5. $50, loans
Increased f5S.4r3 900. reserve In own
vaults decreased t32.367 600: reserve
in federal reserve banks increased
SGq.05S00Q reserve in other deposit
aries incrco sed s937 000 net demand
deposits fU :. deposits deducted sos. o.
r1o. 0Ool increased tf2.G01 600. net
time deposits Increased S475f, 600.
circulation decreased Sl1f0.000t ag~
grcgate reserve SOS 0s9 900
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
nITrEn ANn EGas.

Hutter frrah creamery hrsta. 2f
tubs offered AZ t0r With soc bio "a
cases ~ fresh creamery one pound
prints onered at tUifr with 20 r.
hid
Eags Fresh Michigan nrsts5 Ih
Whipping cn So g. crates sold az So.
Isl crates were offered a. 3elac, win
1B.c bid.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
cIFvEt.AND LIVE sTocI<

ELENELANE, Nav lt-II0F9 Ne-
ccipts. 5000. ~ 10 goo lower york.
ers. ff5.SoMfb.S6. mixed. $3.50 ~ 10.
mediums 8fslHt ptrs fl3.fbW u .
roughs. s1f25. stage. St2f5 cattle.
Receipts. five rers. steady sheep and
lambs Receipts. two cars steady T.
top tfh ST. calves. Receipts. 200
weak ~ 25c lower: top, Slt25.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
YpsIIsntI Concern Bankrupt

The Ypsilanu Manufacturing com
pany. Of Ypsilanti has hlCG a vol
uutary petition in bankruptcy in the
United states district court The
owners Of tho concern are Elocta
% Wood John Dietz and Waiter
Conrad
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26

The nth branch OF the once OF
Walter c. Piper has been estab-
tshed al No. 1862 JOS Campau-ave.
opposite the entrance OF Dodge
Brothers plant. with c. u Klatte as
manager MIR. Katie has had eight
years experience in res estate
turnout the south and in Detroit,
The new once. TO be known as the
Dodge Brothers branch. will deal
in general realty but viii eonoen-
trate mainly on subdivision proper
ties az VanDyke-ave. and the Nine
Miie-rd.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
Wv NORk nU1-rHn ANn- EGs.s.

NEW YORK. MAY 2gr Furter.
Firm receipts. $50. crea 15erv eN-
IRA. uiAc do. speciai market f'n
tetsc. state dairy tubs. Gf0fLc imf
tssion creamery hrsts sfn 7tc Esss.
Irregular receipts s5.ast nearby
White fame, $500. nearby mixed
fancy $50 3Tiac fresh hFIs 35h q
7oe
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
NEW FsRK PRODUCE MARKET.

NEw YORK PRODUCE NARE<rr.
NEW YORK, May 2s.--Fiour Dull.
easier Pork. Steady, mess. .t4l.se
Lard; pull middiewest spot. ssagSm
p g. sugar Raw dun. centrifugai
ss-test. s5.sS muscovado ss-test.
ss.20. refined, quiet. cut loaf. 80.
crushed. ss75. powdered. i7s5R7.S7:
granulated. s75oQs50. Coffee. Rio
No on spot. i0Lc. TaliUw. Firm;
special. isiac, city, isc; country
nominal Hay Steady. No. 4. sII0G
lis No 3, so zoe clover. soc ~ t1.N6.
Dressed poultry Quiet: turkeys. 1sU
SIC. chickens. esa30c, fowls $50 aJc.
ducks. 15m22c Live poultry. Trregu-
lar. geese. l5c. ducks. tSG27c; fowls
22e turkeys. 1S& zoe; ranatars, lie.
chicken. broilers. IS a $50. Cheese:
Weaker state milk common 20 spe-
clais 7fta n2sc skins. common TO
special. 6 y n zoe.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26

the registration clerks 10 see II
there was any ,way their husbands
and sweethearts could escape the
draft One woman collapsed in the
council chamber and had 10 be car.
ried home.
Some Of thoss claiming exemption
have difficulty In finding plausible
reasons. One said he was too short
tor the army, and several said that
n forced 10 90 10 war their business
would go on the rocks"
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
Livestock


DETROIT. May 70 Cattle Market
steady best heavy steers. sIl50n12.
bes$ handy weight butcher stcers
f1e.5N Is; mixed steers and heif-
ers S05Gg I0.ba. handy light butch
crS ,SS-75Ws.-5. light butchers. Ssn
$50. best COWS. Se50N10, butcher
COWS, St.t5n common cows. 81
bulls. 81 boW10 bologna bulls, $3.50
az 1925. stock bul!s. s 50HS feeders,
s. 60d p so. stockcrs sit50m 500
mixers and springers, 3506t 100 Veal
calves Market steady best
grades $3.50, common, f,U Q. sheep
aud lambs Market steady best
lambs si6N 1925. fair lambs. slf
n 15, lirht 90 common lambs, fl2ft
I1, fslr CO. good sheep, $1,000 ~ +.
culls and common. tfda Hogs Mar
krt steady pigs. St3.50m 1885. mixed,
SUTTON Is o.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
Detroit eank clearnes

Detroit bank clearings for Satur.
day were SS.06Ll354S Total clear
ings for 1917 TO date are st.114,597,
S2314 as against S7S4l26.6t2.28 for
the corresponding period in 1916,
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
NINE. BERNHARRT
LEAVES HOSPITAL
TOMORROW

NEW YORK May 26.-Sarah
Bernhardt is we'll again Having
amazed surgeons by her rapid re-
covsry from recent operation. the
famous actress will leave Mount
Sinai hospital tomorrow She will
live at hotel because she cant
find a country home that suits her
Printing--the plain neat kInd--ehnt
H. riCht-Times job Dept.--NRin 452O.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
Produce

pFTROl'r. Mich MAY % -~he pro
luce market Tor tho week ends with
a very steady prizes list and o."
change n conditions The poulfr
market has been a ittle shaky for
several days past lD thAt Eerftpl
have trrr liberal and Of such poor
average quality that they we're not
'Hst Oh nntt. fy dlnt uf some 7 ash
luP taVeFrr. The market VIII go
.f.f wiz cumParstiTt y
'nfal Ra pL hand and AZ un-
ID tnFl pr4"c last = few i"1i. DIS
ate an ming aud white the do
"t.n fts uut set been. csta shed
thD HrrIuEs have met with a geadS
saID 'n general Way the market
is mod erltriy active and very steady
a. ~ IrL.n.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26

TOLEDO. May rs Hogs Receipts.
liRht. market 100 20c lower heavies
ttf.fhfi 1920. mediums, s181e 8 10.
workers.. tlt0tf GOOD pigs st3I.
1873 Calves Market. steady sheep
and lambs Market steady.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26

The following firms are privileged
e. execute orders on the exchange
W r. Noes 4 CO. Carlyle & Povah,
Geo. NJ west & Go r. r. Maccroue
a co w. ". Noble & CO. r.. l. Sry-
mour 4 Co. W. u Mclaughlin Mer-
riII, Lynch a. Co. W A. Hamlin a Co.
WIN. A Nssr g. Co.. Sinclair a Couls,
Wsndoli. Mulkoy & 60. VIM. " Rose
a Co. v. IS. Pelton q Co. Joel stock
ard a. Co Rennett smith & Co. w.
y Reilly q Co. Matthew s'inu A. W.
wallace & Co. Lewis O. Gorton. Bel
don. WoodruN Go. Resner. Crener
& Muehl Dodd Martin q Co. O'Hsfa,
IerriHa a Co. webb. Ice & 60.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
JoBBING PRICES

Canned Goods -Applea. x3,76 per
gal. Lima beans. Si.4001 49, corn.
fancy Maine, 81 So, standard. sl.65,
table bects. tl-25a1.AO. peas. fancy
early June. 81 So salmon. tall " 80;
marIowfat peas. $40; early June,
El.90. Tomatoes, standard, N;s5 don.
Canoe santos standard lsn lsc
medium, ,iS@ 20c fancy. Goa 2zc, Rio.
LIB tins 9Sd 2ac 10
Feed IN i0o-lb sacks Bran, $40,
standard middlings. sti fine mid
6llngs, ffS, cracked corn. $3.50
coarse cernmeal sGI50 corn and
oats chop. SIS per ton.
Flour Per los lbs. IN = paper
sacks Rest winter patent Sl6, eer-
nnds, $3.50 straight. $500; spring
wheat patent. slG4o, rye flour 81 So
per hhI
on~ fAnseed oil. raw. si.S1;. boiled,
Sl.3H gal kerosene. iron barrels,
&c; gasoline. g0Ihc.
Provisions Mess pork. tf2. family
pork S4fM So. clear -ka S42n 49,
hams. 25627c. hriskets. 24ls q 2si9 g.,
picnic hams 81 tPc, bacon. % - q 2ec,
lard IN tierces sac: kettle render
"a 46lec To-
hides No cured hides 21o No
] green hides. Ito. No ! cured bulls.
tbc, No ! green bulls lgc. No
cured vcals KIP 22ct No. J green veal
kip zoe. 40. ! cured murraiu, -lct
No. green murraln, llisc: No. ]
cured calf $50. So. green calf SOC
no ] horse hides sS No horse
hides s. SO. 4 tallow. l6c, No 2
taUow. &c slb., M. 1 hides. &c on.
No kip and calf ! nc on Sheep
skins tas 10 amount wooD 50ca 81 10
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
Ranks snd Trust Companies


Bower r.. 80 At SO.
charcoal com So Al siA. IS az So
80 81 So
Continental Com 20 at "a 100 at
-. 200 ~ ~
Detroit EdlaOn--50 az l20A
Ford ~ canada at 22e
REQ car 10 ~ 29iA 80 a. 7eA or
~ 2aA 700 81 2qA ~ az 29%r SO
az 49,
Total sales. ssi shares
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
Grain and Provisions

CHICAGO Ma tte-s J covering
failed 90 counter balunc rhc learish
effects OF heavy rains n tnc winter
wheat belt today and wheat dropped
-four Go FiN cents rNrI if' ioaN .
CLOSE. july opened 80 sl.nu tt r.. r
and later closed az g. 40. sept as
81 down al the opeaiuF ang la.er inst
&C. more o. &lk4 Corn Di1sf. tha
decllHe iu wheat, IIl| oI u-- up
hut later dropped -,..c o. sl.ft a
SEPT opened al Sl.rA. fsu hs-tst. nut
closed az > .at btiH. .tl-o .I fnr. u
July was i4c higher u.. tAr eEcltHis,
bat closed al IS ~ .ttn sept
opened 3ar on uud -r "queutl} in.t
&c more o. bss ir' visions "'te
lower on sloN and lower hos lar-
ket.
DETROIT. May g6 Close The
early wheat market was u'rm aud
quiet There Wns some covering ot
shorts. but nothing boo the line Of a
real change la the outlook.
There I- no change in market rules.
a man may sell short an he Hikes and
then cover, but be must sell before
ho buys, which always has weaken
ing influence un tho uaLket Tho
snoTts have made good deal of
money on this decline and dealers be-
licve there is more 90 be made In the
same waN Prospects encourage short
sales Tho crop outlook Us excellent.
acreage large and economy in th-
ese ~ wheat -Four is cutting the con-
sumption quite materially. all of
which works for lower prices
Trading rs slow In an wheat lines.
Mtllrrs have not been buying for s"y-
eral days and there a. much talk 81
mills shutting down because they
cannot enter into large contracts Tor
delivery Of -four owing 60 Inability
20 purchase tiie wheat for future dee
livery.
Wheat advanced IT, affer che OPEN
ing and then declined during tho rec
loss from Fridays close of l0g IN
cash aud &C. in the futures
Corn declined ac. oats . '4c and rye
saturday, wheat quotations. cash
NO 2 red t2s5 July opened without
chang ar $-2f. advanlcd 10 y2z5
and declined 90 s. 90 september
opened at $l9G. gained ic and de-
"lintd I utl.3- $50. white, So
Saturday. coarse grain quotations:
Corn, cash No. 3. fl6s, $50. yellow.
JILL No. yellow ST hH p oats
STANDARD. 81 Nc asked No VIII .,
bNc. 80. 4 white tSc. Rye Cash
prompt ard lung shirnent. 81 u.s..
seeds Prime red clover. sffte. oc-
.gbcr. ST. N5 alsiko, $lL5e. timothy
Receipts in the Detroit market on
Saturday Included 1000 bbis 90 -four
3 cars 80 wheat II corn and 80
oats shipments were 600 bills Of
four 5000 bu OF wheat 1000 bu ot
corn and 1000 bu ~ Gate stocks are
3ia.oo0 bu OF wheat. $1,000 hu o.
corn. 100 GOO hu ~ oats and 1900
hu pf wye
E,pof,- ~ wheat and 9our satur-
day, L575.0O0 hu.
REGENTS OF wheat Saturday Du-
ruth. l2i cars. against o. a year ago.
Minneapolis 225 cars against gf7.
Ninnipec. F26 cars. against 5a. Chic
cagu So cars against ~. south west
t000 bu, against 240 600 bu
Primary wheat receipts were 1Aa,-
00g hu. against s9l 600 bu wear ago.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
EIaIN hitter

EbaIN. IN MAJ "a Butter sales
90 &c. an advance ~ Sc over last
week
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
Lemons -Efc5Q475 per box.
Lines l0ml25 per 100.

Nut--Walnuts. 2Ouzic almonds
~ N zoe hlberts. 1s6iqc. Brazils
i9M poe; pecans. ibT1sc III. nut
meats, t-lb. cartons, almonds Que
walnuts fJc perans soc no. peanuts.
roasted fancy lie, Jumbo. i2c ID.
Oranges Navels, S3M2.75 per box
Onions Texas Bcrmudas. 81 30 20
2.bO per case
PineaPpIes t3T325 per case.
Potatoes New Ftoridas Sll.50 per
bbl. S105o pcr $50 H. sack. new
Texas Triumphs 90 10 sacks. SO
Michigan I'm ear lots s. 90 q hu
hens Elsa 24c. mediums s2G 22c lbs
etags "a 10c. ROSTERS i-Ulkc
ducks. 22m. 2fc geese. 16Tl5c IN.
StrnwbPrrtes-2 4-ot cases Sf0a. 80.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26
New York Stocks

quotations by Hornbiovor q Weeks.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26

rnIEnn GnAIN

--s0Id h-1I1 srlIi
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-05-26

Apples Fancy Baldwlns. Sc, steels
red $3.50, choice, 81 5OU5.50 bbl.
hanauHs Coco chipping stock,
4 m AtsC no
BenRs DRIED Limas. tic no.
Dressed calves Fancy, $50 Aocf
common. lT "a Use No.
Dressed Hogs Fancy light. lsd
l9ct heavy. ifW nc no.
Fresh NeRetstskes Radishes. 400
soc doz parsley, $4,000 doz. cucum-
btrs. hot house. 81 asa i.b0. carrots.
40c per doz. caulidoweI. t2.25 doz .
cabbage. Texas. sQ i0c per N Florida
cciers s. p 80 ease. tomatoes. $50 y
1890 per 6-baskct crate. spinach ~ q
l21 bu asparagus sections. Ibc ~
sl.15 per case. wax beans. - per
hamper lettuce. tfalsc 10. green
onions zoo doz
Grape Fruit SA50a5 per crate.
Honey Fancy white. 16p l7c. eN-
trn cted. 10 soc m
Hny-Detroit shippers are paying
the following prices for baled hRV IN
dcar lots. o. b. Detroit No. | limo
thy SlS.h0n p, standard timothy
SIT 5Od fS light mixed. fi7.50U ] :.
No timothy. f16.5ou17, No ] mixed
Sifb0dia. No mixed. ti0die5 No.
clover: $3.50 G14, rye straw, SO 30
all. wheat and oat straw. fs.5OGlO
~ fgf
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-01-13
BEAVER AN EXPERT WORKER
Little Animal ExceIs Lumber Jacks as
Tree-FeiIers and is a Prize
Dam Builder.

1.-The most expert lumber jack is in
ferior to the beaver as tree-feller. He
cuts down trees in the most scientific
way. He can fell tree so it will fall
toward the pond where he wishes to
construct his home, thus saving him.
self unnecessary work.
after the trees are felled the con-
struction work begins. He works chief
ly by night, for he is q nocturnal PROV
Ter. The moon is his lantern, the
quiet Of the night his inspiration, his
sharp teeth are his Ratchet and chiseI,
and his little paws are his means of
conveyance, his spade, his hammer AMI
his trowel. His hard, fat, hairless
and scaly tail is q propeller when
swimming and a balance when he is
cutting timber, for he stands on his
hind legs while gnawing down trees.
The beaver is a strict vegetarian
and his diet consists chiefly Of barks,
tender shoots and water plants The
trees which furnish the bark he most
likes are the cottonwood, poplar, elm,
willow. birch, aspen and boxelder. The
bark OF the oak, ash and hickory he
does not eat.
ITO flood low ground. the beavers
sometimes have TO build a dam ex-
ceeding so feet In length. They usual
ly lay it out with the curve facing
upstream The foundation is built OF
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-01-13

furrow or stakes. it will save much
time when 1t is desired to begin lay
ing tiles.
Any drainage system should be
planned with reference both to the
work it is to perform and to its future
maintenance. Expense should not De
spared In securing accurate data on
which to base the plan.
1t is we'll to maintain the shallow
open-ditch system, in use before the
tile are laid. These surface-drains as
sist in quickly clearing the land Of
water from heavy rains. in amounts
for which it would not be economical
to provide tile of sufficient size to do
the work so quickly. In Minnesota,
spring floods are often carried off by
the surface drains before the frost is
out sufficiently to permit tile-drains
to work Time spent in opening sur
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-01-13

A FARM PROFITABLY TILED.
On this 8O-acre field three systems of
tile drainage were necessary. This
shows the advantage with which two
neighbors can cooperate in putting
in a line of tile. An obstacle so
trivial as line fence should not be
permitted to prevent economical
drainage. The owner of this land
says that tile pays for itself every
year and that 5000 expended on tile
has raised the value of the 80 acres
$1,000.
face-drains is not, therefore, lost, even
when 1t is intended to later introduce
an undertakings system
The individual farmer with small
means should first select the area the
thing of which will drain the most
land at the least expense. In a rolling
country, where sufficient fall can be
had for outlets near the surface, or
without expensive open bitches. small
tiles can be used around the sides of
drainage areas outletting on a hillside
or at the edge of a slough. This
method often improves large tracts at
small cost, and as the improved lands
increase in prOductiveness, funds will
be supplied by which the tile lines
can be extended. connected. and the
expensive mains finally put in. This
method has been used in many of the
best tiled countries. In some instances
it has been twenty years from the lay
ing of the first 1aterals to the compile
ton of the last main.
Immediately after construction, pro-
vision should be made for annual
maintenance. A drainage improve
ment, properly carried out and main
tanned, will add its initial cost to the
value of the land and pay a dividens
on the original investment
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-01-13

bones with shreds OF meat, cooked
meats, meal worms, cut-up apples, bird
seed, buckwheat, crackers, crumbs, CO.
conut meat, cracked corn. broken dog
biscuits or other bread, hemp seed, mil
let, nut meats of all kinds ESPECIALLY
peanuts), whole or rolled oats, pep
pers, popcorn, pumpkin or squash
seeds, raw or boiled rice, sunfiower
seed and wheat.
The methods of making these sup
plies available to birds are as varied
as the dietary itself. A device very
commonly used is the food tray or
shelf Gig. ID. This may be put on a
tree or pole by a window or at some
other point about building, or strung
upon a wire or other support on
which ii may be run back and forth.
The last device is useful In accustom-
ing birds to feed nearer and nearer
q comfortable observation point A
fault with food shelves is that wind
and rain may sweep them clean and
snow may cover the food These de-
fects may be obviated in part by add
ing a raised edge about the margin
or by placing the shelf in the shelter
branches on one or more sides.
Feeding devices not affected by the
weather are preferable. An excellent
one is g coconut with a hole bored
in one end Gig. p. The cavity Is
filled with chopped suet. and nuts or
other food mixture, and the nut is
suspended by a wire from a limb. The
size of the hole regulates the chsrac-
ter of the guests; If small. large birds
cannot gobble the supply. The COCO
nut meat as well as the stufing is eat
en-. Cans with small openings may be
substituted for coeonuss. Food bas-
kets OF any desired size made OF wire
netting or q metal grating may be
hung up or fastened to the trunk OF a
tree. Food mixtures In melted fat
may be poured into holes made in a
branch or stick Gig. b or in cracks
OF bark or over evergreen branches.
All of these devices minimize or obvf-
ate the disturbing effects Of stormy
weather.
More elaborate apparatus for the
same purpose comprises various forms
OF food hoppers and food houses. The
food hoppers IN common use for do
mestie fowls are adapted to the feed
ing OF birds. and some special forms
are now manufactured for wild birds
The food house Is q permanent
structure, with solid roof, and glass
On one or more sides to permit obser-
vztIons Gig. a.. The food trays it
contains are entirely sheltered from
the weather. In one style this result
= obtained by mounting the house On
a pivot and furnishing 1t with Tanes
Gig. 3 which keep the open side al
ways away from the wind
The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-01-13

in the case of the state farm referred
to; and the management feels that
they fully justify the cost of the i'm
provement, without considering the
value Of the land reclaimed
The planning of drainage system
should be done with the same careful
ness that is bestowed on other i'm
provements. When a large building is
to be constructed, an architect is con-
suited, plans are carefully drawn, all
the details are looked into, and mate
rial Is selected which will be suitable
for the location, the climate and the
purpose for which the building should
be used. During its construction, in
spectors see that the details are car
ried out and the requirements of the
specifications enforced, regardless of
the fact that the contractor may be
losing money and cheaper materials
| might be used. But in drainage en-
terprises, the evidences of such care
| are too often painfully lacking, even
though the cost be as great or greater
than that of large building In
many cases an engineer is employed
to stake out q drain on a route which
| has been selected only because it is
supposed to be" the best one. No
examination is made for another route
or outlet; the area Of the watershed
is not measured. AS a result, the
size of the ditch is determined by a
mere guess. Time may develop the
fact that the best route was not Sc
lected, and that the ditch was too large
or too small, and consequently does
not perform the work satisfactorily. A
ditch, being improperly located, either
does not drain all the land it should
or it is expensive to construct and
maintain. One that is too large will
not clean itself properly; while one
that is too small will not carry re-
quired volume of water.
A drainage system, open or under
ground, works by gravity, and that 1t
may remove the water there must be
q sufficient fall; that is, a sufficient
and continuous descent, from a level
somewhat lower than the lowest point
on the land to be drained, to the point
where the water is discharged from
the outlet. It is a common practice to
start a drainage ditch from a slough
at practically the same depth as the
bottom of the slough. Such drain
age" will not give satisfaction, as the
ground-water will not be lowered, and
the bed Of the slough will continue to
be swampy. For satisfactory drain
age, the water-channel must be deep
enough in the lowest land, and OF suf-
fcient breadth and depth, to carry the
water without an overflow.
Dftch-cOnstruction, like carpentry or
masonry, is a business in itself; and
for satisfactory results, contracts
should be let in similar manner The
bidders competence, as shown In his
record in connection with similar un-
dertakings, should be taken into con-
sideration as well as the size of his
bid.
bitches are usually dug In soil the