Norwich bulletin., 1917-06-12
THE WAR PRIMER By NationaI Geographic Society.

Waiioon and Fieming-The report ema mating from Amsterdam to the eff feet that the German governor general of Belgian is to divide that country, ministries of agriculture. industry. art and science, and labor into Flemish and Walloon ministries elicits from the National Geographic Society the following war geography bulletin de- fining the territories embraced in the two districts:
 In point of population the WaEoon district of Belgium is considerably smaller than the Flemish, the latest
 census showing some three million Walloons and four million F'lemings, but in area the WalloonS have a slight advantage. The advantage in popu- lation grows out of the fact that three of the four cities of the Kingdom which boast of more than 100000 inhabitants --Brusse-s, Antwerp, and Chent-are in Flemish territory, while Liege alone lies south of the roughly drawn irnag- mary boundary line running in a southwesterly direction from Ak la Chapelle (German, Aachen) to Lille.
 The term 'tWalloons' is used to designate those BeIgians who speak French or a French dialect, while the Flemings are those who speak Dutch Or a Dutch dialect. Designated in provinces, the Wa.loons are in the main confined to Hainaut. Namur, hant- comprising an area about five times as large as the State of Rhode Island, while Flemish territory ep- proximates the area of the State of Connecticut.
 "In the veins of the Walloons runs strain of Celtic blood, fer they are the descendants of the Belsae of Ju- Illus Caesars day. They exchanged their own language for that of the Latins.
 During the fierce conflicts of the sixteenth century the walIoons as a rule sided with the Spaniards and won the epithet of The Malcontents" In fact, they furnished the Catholic monarch with many of his mercenaries during the days when the Duke of Ava. Don John of Austria, and Grand Commander Requesens were endeavor- ing to put down revolt in the Low Countries.
 The Wa.locns are generally ac- credited with m Gre vivacity and ner- vous energy than their Flemish coIzrl . trymen, and in a country where in dustry and thrift are universal char acteristics a comparison which awards the palm for these virtues to the Wall oons Is perhaps not odious. Among the lower classes, however, the Elem ings are said to excel their brunette compatriots in personal neatness.
 Walloon men of letters in the middle ages was the famous chronicler Frois- sart."
 The Island of Marqarita-The Ven ezuelan island of Margarita which ac- cording to rumor, Germany has tried to secure, as a submarine base is described in the following war geog-s raphy bulieIin issued by the National Geographic Society from its Washing ton headuuarters:
 The island of Margarita, which lies off the north coast of South America, being separated from the Venezuelan peninsula of AraHa by a channel twelve miles wide, Is more than two thirds as large as the Isle of Pines having an area of 440 square miles, its length being 45 miles and the width varying from a few feet to 20 miles. AS a matter of fact, Margarita Is prac- tically two islands. The western half culminatinC in the peak of Macanao. nearly 4.500 feet above sea-Iev$l, is conneSted with the eastern half, whose mountain summit is Copei, with an all titude of 4,100 feet, by a bare ribbon of sand which in some places is less than 200 feet wide
 While the coastal regions are arid, the interior of Margarita Is extremely fertile, and there are numerous little valleys where the pasturage is excep tiona1iy fine. Maize, sugar, coffee, cot ton and live stock are the principal products of the island, while hshir:c and the making of salt are the ehief industries of the 10000 inhabitants The women also are engaged in the plating of coarse straw hats which are sold all over Venezuela.
 ''Margarita has had interesting history It was discovered by Colum- bus in 14eS and the following year Spaniard by the name of Guerra dis covered pearl oysters on a neighboring island off the south coast Many ad- venturers locked to these waters the next few years and Margarita itself derives its name from the pearl fish cries (margarita being the Spanish for pearN Less than five miles off the southern coast Is the islet of Cubagua where the first Spanish settlement of South America, New Cadiz, was ests b. lished in 1515. fifty years before the