The Topeka state journal. [volume] (Topeka, Kansas) 1892-1980, 1917-07-28
! YEARS REVIEW OF WAR
ODDS IN ALLIES
FAVOR AT END
OF Third YEAR
Year of MOmentOus Setbacks
for Central Powers.
TeutOns Now on Defensive on
Entire Western Front.
I MILLION KILLED IN 3 YEARS
Estimate Total Casualties at
More Than As Million.
Many New Nations BOrn-U. S.
Entry Chief of Years Events.
Year of MOmentOus SetbackS
for Central Powers.
Now on Defensive on
Entire Western Front.
I MILLION KILLED IN 3 YEARS
Estimate Total Casualties at
More Than As Million.
Many New Nations BOrn-U. S.
Entry Chief of Years Events.
fBx the Associated Press.l'

The third year of the world war
closes with the fortunes of conflict IA
voring the Entente, except for uncer-
tafnty as to the outcome of the Rus
sian situation.
The Central Powers sustained mo-
rnentous setbacks, both M htary ana
political, during the twelve months.
on the western front the Teutons
find themselves on the defensive at the
advent of the fourth year. They fight
on lines newly established after FORCED
retirement from terrain which they
won in earlier days at tremendous
sacrifice.
Meanwhile new enemy powers, no
tably the United States, nave peen
drawn n by the Central Empires ana
progress toward the achievement OF
the ultimate aim of the Entente and
its Allies has been furthered by po-
liticai disturbance which will remain
memorable in the history of all times.
Two Crowned Heads Fall.
Chief among these are the fall of
two crowned heads-Nicholas or rus
STA and Constantine of Greece. In Rus-
sia autocracy has given way to Re
public. In Greece a kingdom remains
but not a pro-Teutonic one, entente
pressure having won supremacy in
this part of the Balkans.
Political events within the German
and Austrian empires, featured by the
fall of Chancellor Won Bethmann-Holl-
veg have led to open discussions of
peace in the German reichstag as the
fourth year dawns.
In Great Britain, the third year
closed with Winston Spencer
Churchill, former first lord OF the ad-
niralty returned to the cabinet with
the portfolio of minister of munitions
Portugal and Rumanta threw in
their fortunes with the entente short
1y after the third year began The
United States entered in April follow
ed by Cuba and Liberia Panama
pledged the United States her aid in
defending the Panama canal. Costa
Rica put her naval bases at our dis
posal China, Bolivia, Guatemala and
Brazil severed diplomatic relations
with Germany. Uruguay expressed
her sympathy for the United states.
Three New Nations Born.
Three new nations were born during
the year Poland was created a king
dom under German and Austrian di-
rection In Mecca the Arabians over
threw Turkish rule and declared indie
pendence. In the Balkans, liberty was
restored to Albania, which was estab-
lished as a republic unde- Italian po-
litical protection and with French
military aid.
An estimate made two months be-
fore the end of the third year-voiced
by Arthur Henderson, of the British
war council-placed the number of
men killed at 100000 since August,
1914. French general heaquarters re-
Gently estimated 100000 Germans
had been killed up to March 1. Mr..
Henderson estimated the total casual
ties at more than 100000.
The first and second American con-
tingents of troops landed in France
on June 20 and 81.
Nearly 100000 Americans of