Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-07-07
CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF AUTOMOBILE
s~ PARTS DESCRIBED FOR BENEFIT OF MOTORISTS
Frame Different Types Of Springs,
Radius Rods and Wheels Discussed
In Instructive Booklet

various parts OF his car, the Vacuum
OH Company il issuing q series OF
instructive booklets. Herewith are
described some Of the chassis parts.
Frame
The main frame (F1gure u consists
Of pressed steel channel side pieces
(A). suitable to the size, appearance
and strength required. Steel cross
members, or pieces OBJ, are fastened
at the ends OF the side members, max
ing with them q rectangular frame.
Additional cross members CO. are as
supports for the engine and the trans
mission housing, and also to- insure
greater rightly of the frame.
Al sub-frame, something added as a
support for the engine, has side pieces
CD belted to the cross members Co.
The sub-frame reduces the strain on
the motor supports employing four
point suspension.
Springs n -
Springs are built up Of q series OF
fiat steel plates or leaves Of variable
lengths which have been carefully
hardened and tempered. The spring
leaves are laid one on top Of another
according to the size, the. shortest leaf
on the outside OF the spring curve.
The leaves are held In position by
center bolt and spring clips.
Under slight depression the long
spring leaves only are flattened; under
heavy depression the shorter leaves
assist the longer ones In carrying the
load.
The spring shackle consists Of two
small steel tie plates, bolted to the
automobile frame either at spring
ends or at spring end and extension
bracket.
The spring bolts are Of case harden
"a tool steel. They are fitted with
rrease WAYS on their bearing surfacs
or are drilled hollow with small right
angle passages through which the
lubricant IL forced TO the bearing sur.
faces BY means Of compression
grease cup ct the end Of the bolt,
There are many arrangements Of
eprfnes the most common Of WHICH
are TIE seni-eIlipfie, three-uuatter ell
Iirflc. fuil elliptic, platform and canu-
lfyef. The springs adopted BY the
various automobile manufacturers are
elected to suit the style. size and
weight OF their cars
eeml-Elllptic spring
The semi-eiliptic spring tFigure ~
a clnmped Ct its center lA) TO the
axie, one end & the spring is gem
orally boited or shackled to en- ex-|
treme end OBJ Of the frame, the otner
spring end (C) being attached of
ehackled TO the side member q the
car frome I'd. At the end SCl the
eurlnr Il allowed to move freely IN
vieldine to its elongations, due to the
fIaftening pressure from trreguiarities
In the road.
Thrse-onarter Elliptic Spring
The three-uuarfer elliptic spring
frieure a. consists Of . semi.elipticl
rprin9 below shaekled 81 one END TO "
hsfflenrfh s6mi-elIibtic spring above !
n & generally used a. rear spring,
the th,ck end Of halflength top spring
being clsmped to the rear emo OF tne
automobile frame Cd
The center Cal Of the lower part O
the spring Is ciamped to the rear axe
hol,rine. The roar lower end CD ~
eonnected to the top part Of the spring
- means or 4 shackie. The forward
ssa ff,l 1of the spring Is held BY means
~ !. RACKET or shackle, to the side
,,.mher a. the automobile frame cd
81 eome point IN front Of the rear axle.
Full elliptic Spring
a fun elliptic spring tFtgure - con-
sIrts Of two semieliiptic springs Doit.
81 together at their ends CD ana
cl.mped NJ their centers (Al 10 the
sntomobile frame CD and axle or axle
housing kHl. respectively.
pIatfofm spring
A platform spring (F1gure . y me
arranrernent Of three semieliipuc
sprinEs for supporting the weight OF
the rear end OF the car and It's load.
n q composed to. two side springs and
s transverse rear spring. The two side
sre ehackied at their forward endstCll
enfings clamped at their eenters lAl
- the rear axle or axle housing I'D
--.onIy one attachment shown--to the
.,Ss member Of the frame CD IN 'front.'
- re rear axle. At their rear ends
Tpl they are shacikled TO the ends OF
fhe transverse spring. The center OF
the transverse spring Is fastened 10
the rear cross member CD OF the
frame.
The platform spring employs two
forms Of end connection the cross
woke type and the ball and socket type
In the cross-yoke type the spring ana
shackie bolts are equipped with grease
cum. IN the ball ana socket type the
raj Joints must be oiled regularly.
csntiIever spring
In noirt of construction the so-caHed
cantiiever spring Rigure % Is similari
~ the semi-elliptic, spring. being prac-
ticaiiy Of the same shape and compos.
"A 81 steel leaves laid one on top OF
another. It's application to the car;
however, Is different. The forwsro
end IA) is free to move in brackee
or shackle OBJ. fastened to the sioe
member CD of the main frame Al
or near its center the spring is held
by spring clamp. the lower part lE)
Of which has bearing on the center
bolt fFl, attached 10 the side member
fDl OF the main frame The rear end
lOS Of the spring is fastened to the
rear axle housing CHI, allowing a free
- <,,N.S. n,.a ~ the errin0 end ((SlE the