davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-03
REED APPREHENSIvE

Senator Reed said he was apprehen- stve of the result of the bill, but in- tended to vote for 1t.
 Senator James contended that the sinking of German submarine by an armed American merchantmen would not necessarily mean war and that the United States must protect our commerce or get off the seas"
 Senator Reed insisted that while he intended to vote for the bill senators should not shut their eyes to the fact that the final result of it probably is war"
 Senator Lane asked why the United States, If 1t armed its ships. should not insist upon their going into German rorts. This reference to the allied blockade drew quick objections from Senator Poindexter, who declared there is deep and fundamental dis tinction between the British blockade and the killing by Germany of Amer lcan women and children without Warning."
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-03
While Congress Talks About GiDing POWer 10 President, Navy Department Max ing Preparation for
 Starting Work of
 Arn7ing Vessels

Washington March 2-Arming of American ships to defy the German submarine waits only upon authority from Congress which probably will be given before another day passes.
 became known tonight that President Wilson ready to give the order and that the navy department has made it's preparations begin equppng merchantmen for defense a moment s nothe.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-03
WOULD HAVE WAR

Both Senator Poindexter and Bran degee insisted that war would be cer- tain if an American armed ship should sink German submarine.
 T believe that the first of their sub- marines we should sink Germany would declare war" said Senator Bran degee.
 Even if we have war with Ger many it would be nominal because of physical conditions,' said Senator Poindexter. Perhaps fortunately for us in our present condition No glory can come from conflict with Ger many, bled white and staggering, but much dishonor can come from aban- doning our right to travel the seas although there is a wide propaganda in favor of it.'
 Murder of American citizens at sea is just as actfonable as their murder by invasion of American soil, the Washington senator declared in con- clusion. He said those proposing non protection of Americans on the seas would "cry aloud for prot ection If their own were murdered" on American soil
 Senator Kirby. one of the few sena-
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-03
VARIOUS BATTLE
 FRONTS ACTIVE
British Report More Gains Along Ancre River Fierce Contests Being Waged in Galicia and Rumania-Turks Continue to Retreat
 From Kut-el-Amara

additional of
  region scene o the atest gain
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-03
HITCHCOCK BEGINS FIGHT

Tn his opening statement MT. Hitchcock said he regretted that Senator Stone could not manage the bill, recited the powers asked of Congress by the Presi- dent and continued:
 When the committee came to consider these requests attention was called to an old statute which prohibited United States vessels from resisting force by vessels of other uations. Therefore the committee added authority to United States vessels to defend themselves against unlawful attack. It was feared that if this law was not repealed United States merchantmen would subject them- selves to treatment as pirates if they re- sisted.
 The bill does not exactly represent my own views, but I have accepted it because of the overwhelming JudG- rnent of the committee.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-03
tors who voted against the resolu-

tors who voted against the resolu- ton recently passed by the Senate ap- proving President Wilson's severance of relations with Germany, said he expected to vote against the bill be- cause wall street and the hirelings of the press are responsible for the conditions that now exist and wish protection for intuition carrying ships"
 Apparently greatly agitated Senator Kirby astonfshed his colleagues by be- ginning an appeal to "my fellow cit izens," and when that brought a roar of laughter from the floor and gal leries he changed to gentlemen of the convention"
 Fellow citizens-gentlemen of the convention-the peoples mind has been inflamed." he shouted. "The hireling press has inflamed them so that we hardly dare deliberate here"
 The senator said he did not ques. tion the Presidents power or his dis cretion, but opposed the bill because he felt that under it, sooner or later. an American ship with American guns and American gunners. would meet a German submarine
 f'When that gun roars it will be an American gun speaking and that will mean. war. If we go to war with Ger many we must carry the war to her shores and I am thinking of the mill lions of young men of this country
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-03

cooperate in hastening the bill to final passage. As the debate began the gall leries were crowded and on the floor as spectators were many members of the House.
 Senator Hitchcocks first move was to obtain unanimous consent to have the foreign relations committee relieved from further consideration of the House bill so that when the Senate is ready to vote the Senate measure can be substituted.
 Senate and administration leaders be- lieve the House then will accept the Sen ate bill in conference.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-03
READS CABLEGRAMS

Senator Lodge then read the cable gram sent to President Wilson by Aus tin c. Hoy, whose mother and sister were lost on the Laconia. In the mes sage Hoy offered his services to the United States to fight and declared if no opportunity were given him by the United States to avenge the death of his mother and sister he would en- list under foreign flag.
 That to me- Senator Lodge de- clared. 'is painful reading. Those two women were lawfully on that ship. They did not sacrifice their rights as American citizens. It was a merchant ship, torpedoed without warning in the dark, the women perishing miserably in an open boat.
 q don't think this bill gives the President any rights to convoy such a ship unless the United States should be at war. but without law the Presi- dent has some power to assert the rights of harmless, peaceful travellers .
 Senator Works asked why the blj did not give the President authority to protect Americans on vessels oi other nations.
 Because he has ample general constitu- tional power to protect American citi- zens,'' Senator Lodge answered And ii he needs further authority from Congress he has only to apply for it, and we will give it''
 Senator LaFollette then asked if Sen ator Lodge thought the President had unlimited authority under the constitution and the Massachusetts senator replied No, sir. he has no authority to arm merchantmen
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-03
West Indian Bill Passes

Washington, March 2.-Enactment of the administration bill providing for a temporary government in the Danish West Indies and appropriating the $25,- 000,000 the United States has agreed to pay Denmark for their cession was com pleted by Congress tonight. Both houses adopted the conference report and sent the measure to the President.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-03
With Armed Neutrality
 Measure Certain Senate
 Talks on Question of War

(COntinued from Page One) gagged in war with another nation with which the United States is at peace"
 WOULD HASTEN BILL
 Senator Stone said he would outline his views on the amendment later. but would
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-03
LODGE ANALYZES BILL

The bill was analysed in detail by Sen- ator Lodge He defended the clause giv- ing merchantmen the right to defend themselves, but said he doubted whether this would he sufficient. in view of the German policy as instanced by the execu- ton of Captain Fryatt. The words ad- hitting defensive arms fore and aft were put in the bill at his suggestion the senator said, because the United States hitherto has taken the position in this war that defensive arms should be aft only. He said he understood his suggestion was regarded rather as limi- ta tion than an extension of the power granted, adding:
 T would be the last to limit that power
 He then expressed the opinion that the House bill gives the President even broader authority than the Senate meas ure.
 The House broadly gives him the right to protect, he said, while the Senate is more specific. If anything the House
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-03
WOULD AID PEACE

"The bill has been reported as one. if enacted that may lead to war But the United States will be in less dan ger of war during the next few months or the next critical few weeks if the President is equipped with the power he seeks in assuming a posi- tion of armed neutrality.
 q believe the attitude of the United States under his administratio and with his strong purpose to keep the United States out of war if possible is less likely to lead to war than if the United States is to continue in the present uncertain state where nei- ther the people of the United States nor our merchantmen nor the bel ligerents know exactly what our at titude is If we stand for our neu- tral rights 1t will be known to ev- cry belligerent what our definite po- sition is.
 'I am perhaps sometimes classified a S pacifist and I do not shrink from that classification, but I believe there is more safety in certain position than in an uncertain one and would rather trust the President, who dreads war than I would trust this body it. self"
 Calling attention to the Presidents last address to Congress, in which he said he did not believe war neces- sarily would follow tl1a diplomatic break with Germany, the Nebraska senator continued:
 q am ready to take the President at his word and I thing he ought to be endowed with this power. I be- lieve this is not only the safe but the most honorable position for the Uni ted States to assume
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-03
ONLY AMERICAN SHIPS

Answering a question by Senator Jones as to whether the President would be given power to protect ships Of other nations, MT. Hitchcock called attention to the words. "vessels of the United States" In the bill Senator Lodge, the ranking republican mem- Der of the committee. also said the measure gave the President no right to arm foreign ship. but added:
 "I did think most decidedly, how ever, that American citizens in peace full pursuit of trade or travel who are lawfully on a belligerent merchant ship have rights which it is the duty of this government to guard"
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-03-03
Local Data
WANTED NO RESTRICTIONS

bill gives larger powers. It denies him Ia ivcr
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-06
HOW MANY VOTES WILL BE REQUIRED ID LAND WINNER IN MONDAYS CONTEST?? Heavy Vote Indicated and Results in Past Elections
 Furnish Interest
 ing Data SUBURBS ALWAYS OUTVOTE OLD CITY
 IN CITY ELECTIONS Careful Estimates Indicate That Man Who Gets 3721 Votes Will Win in the
 First Election

Every indication points to a heavy vote Monday. Predictions vary as to the number that will be cast, but it is the prevailing opinion that it will be somewhere between 6800 and 7500.
 Some believe that it will go as high as 5000, but this figure, it is claimed, is entirely too high in proportion to the total voting strength of the city.
 The last polling list shows that there are approximately 10,300 qualified voters in Greater Birmingham. It is estimated that 1000 of these are out of the city, incud- ing the members of the national guard, officers in the reserve corps those in the officers training camps and the con- seripted men. This would reduce the total vote of Birmingham to 9300
 Those who have made a study of locai elections claim that 80 per cent of the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-06
NEWS OF ENSLEY

| The opening football game between Ensley High and the r. M. C. A. of Acipco, played on the T. c. T. field in | Ensley yesterday afternoon, resulted in | neither team scoring Several times ii seemed that the heavy weights of Acipco would reach the goal, but luck was with l the horne team in each time preventing | it.
 The Ensley team did good playing un- der Coach Lester in spite of the fact that most of them are young and under weight
 IA large crowd enjoyed the game The Cosmos Literary club held the first meeting of the club year yesterday aft ernoon with Mrs. l.. B. Brubaker, on Ensley avenue. American literature in three periods is being studied this year and the programme was taken from the Colonial period. Mrs. R. E. Tidwell, the club president, talked on the work out lined for the year, treating American literature from the standpoint of being closely related to English literature and the prophecy of the real American liter ature of the future.
 The club members then sang Amer ica."
 A paper on "The Beginning of Amer ican Litera ture," was read by Mrs. R. S. Drake's "Commemoration Ode to the Flag was given by Mrs. S. l.. Morrow.
 Vacation echoes were given by the members in response to roll call.
 The members will have a farewell spend-the-day party Tuesday with Mrs. Chisolm to work on material for tne base hospital. Mrs. Chisom will soon tn h1Ich ha nd in New leans, where they will make their home. The Ensley fire department answered a call at 1910 Avenue G yesterday after noon, were fire had been discovered in the garage located in the back yard. The fire was eXtinguished with a $50 loss.
 H. Keller has sold his clothes shop on Avenue E to l.. Meahl, MT. Keller re- taining his Nineteenth street store
 Chris Marugg. who has been connected with J. Fl. Perkins Real Estate company, has resigned and will leave Ensley soon to make his home in Chicago
 The remains of Charles Cadenhead will arrive this morning from Mobile, at which place he died Thursday afternoon. The funeral services will be held from the home of his parents, Mir. and Mrs. w. I. Cadenhead, at 1701 Avenue I, Sun day morning.
 The deceased was 8 years old and is survived by his wife, three children, his parents, two brothers and one sister.
 The Exchange barbershop of Vivian was entered Thursday night and num- Der of articles necessary for shaving and haircutting were taken.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-06
SEASON TICKET SALE. FOR B|G STATE FAIR WILL CLOSE TONIGHT
CavaIlo Band Concert To- morrow Will Inaugurate Week-Electi0n and Base
 ball Results Monday

Admission tickets to the Alabama State Fair, which opens Monday and continues all next week, are on sale at the following places:
 Parker's drug store.
 Adams drug store.
 Patterson's cigar store, Second ave- nue and Twentieth street.
 Hagan 6 Dunlap, Third avenue and Twentieth street.
 Plumlee cigar store. Third avenue and Ninteenth street.
 Patton Drug company, Nineteenth street, between Second and Third ave- nues.
 Adams Drug company.
 Wilmington pharmacy, First avenue and Nineteenth street
 Greene Drug company, Empire build ing.
 The sale of season tickes closes to- night and today is the last day in which to purchase one of these tickets. which permit a neat saving on every admission.
 Everything Is in readiness for the opening of the big fair Monday, and one of the features Monday will be the flashing of the election returns of the city election and also the returns from the world series ball games between the Giants and the White Sox. The result of the big ball games will be fllashed daily at the fair as loEg as the series continues.
 Tomorrow afternoon the Cavallo band will appear in a sacred concert at the fairgrounds. and pleasing programme has been arranged, and large crowd is anticipated. The con- cert will begin at o'clock
 Members of the board of revenue de- clare that the road to the fairgrounds will be in fine shape during the fair, and this will be good news to the au- tomobile owners.
 Monday, the opening day promises to be one of the biggest days In the history of the fair. It will be Children's Day, and every public school in the city and county has declared holi- day. The boys of the Industrial school and the newspaper carriers and news boys of the city will be guests of the fair association Monday.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-06
PUBLIC SCHOOL BOYS
 WILL APPEAR AT SING
First Demonstration of School Music at the Bijou Sunday on Com munity Programme

Tn accordance with the policy of the Community Music committee, the first demonstration of public school music will be presented next Sunday at o'clock at the Bijou theatre, when the boys chorus from the fourth and fifth grades of the Lakeview school will render two num- bers The boys will be under the direc- ton of Miss Carol Jackson, assisted at the piano by Miss Minnie McNeill.
 Director Lawrence says he has been ex ceedingly fortunate in securing the active cooperation of Dr. J. H. Phillips and Miss Leta Kits, superintendent and mu sic supervisor of the Birmingham public schools. Miss Kitts has agred to fur nish many attractive musical numbers by the students and the grammer and high schools. which will greatly assist in mak- ing the series of Sunday afternoon con- certs educational and entertaining, he says.
 The Birmingham Philharmonic orches- tra will render four selections at the ..sing" Sunday and also accompany Miss Elizabeth Cunningham in ''Vissi d'Arte," from La Tosca.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-06
COUNTY SCHOOL THRIvES
Jefferson High Has Increased Enroll
 ment 100 Per Cent

The Jefferson County High school has increased it's enrolment over 100 per cent, the figures being 136 last year and 2S5 this year. It was neces- sary to prepare two classrooms in the basement and three teachers employed to care for the overflow.
 waterworks has been installed and a museum is under way. The li- brary consists of several hundred volumes, a great number contributed by the College Woman's club and Webb Book company of Birmingham There will be about dozen weekly and monthly magazines of special in- terest to high school students.
 In the special departments there has been a noticeable increase, 1t having been enrolled up to date, with pros poets of many more. These depart ments take charge of plays recitals, musicales and all entertainments con nected with the school.
 With such bright outlook it is easy to forecast that the school at Boyles will surpass in enrollment, number of teachers and special departments any county high school in the state," said Principal c. c. Moseiey yesterday.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-06

Bayview, Boaz, Ashby and Brierheld joined the small towns enlisted in sup port of The Age-Herald's tobacco fund for soldiers yesterday, and their con tributions increased the total to s77s.25.
 The Bayview commissary sent in five quarters, Boaz subscribed eight, Ashby 15 and Brierfeld five.
 The subscription list yesterday was as follows:
 Previously acknowledged ...... SI6S.Oo H. V: Fischer, Bayview commits
 sary, Bayview ......... 20 Herbert Savers, Bayview com
 missary, Bayview .......... ..2o Will Gillian, Bayview commits
 sary, Bayview ............... 70 c. A. Jonard, Bayview commits
 sary, Bayview ............... 20 John Brown, Bayview commits
 sary, Bayview ............... 70 J. A. Siviles, Boaz ........... 25 L. D. Stewart, Boaz .........., 20 D. c. Beatty, Boaz .............. 2o
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-06
Four Small Towns Send In
 Donations to Tobacco Fund

pr. W. E. Noel, Boaz .... 50 ". Fl. Bartlett, Boaz ..... .25 C. l.. Sisemore, Boaz . .2j E. c. Anderson, Boaz ... 25 Mrs. J. c. Oakley, Ashby . 50 Miss Clyde Ellen Alois Ashby,
 Ashby .......,........... .52 Miss Minnie E. Boone, Ashby =. .25 W. Q. Garner, Ashby ... 25 M. F. Fox, Ashby ...... .25 Miss Ruby Battle, Ashby .. .25 J. ". Sewell, Ashby .... 25 T. F. Tutwiler, Ashby . 25 Miss Mary Elam Ashby, Ashby.. .25 J. S. Gulley, Ashby ...... .25 l.. H. Nunnellee, Ashby ... .G5 Mrs. J. c. Lane, Ashby ...... .25 Miss Abbie Dee Bothe, Ashby <. 25 Henry Burk Ashby, Ashby . .25 w. F. Merchant, Brierfield . .25 Miss Linnie Hughes, Brierfleld 25 w. F. Farquhar, Brierfield ... 25 Mrs. Hattie Ross, Brierfield ~ 25 Mrs. M. P. Griffin, Brierfield ... .25
 total to date s77s.25
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-06

exhibits comprise some of the finest spec linens presented in years, she said. Mrs. RelG's telephone number is Ensley 9i93.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-06
WOMAN'S EXHIBITS
 AT FAIR CLOSED

If you don't believe Birmingham wom- en are following Mir. Hoover's injunction to preserve, come out to the State Fair and see the exhibits" said Mrs. John B. Reid. manager of the woman's depart ment yesterday, at the close of busy week of preparation.
 All exhibits were closed yesterday, said Mrs. Reid. and all the blue ribbons will be on the prize winners Monday. The
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-06
INTERESTING COMPARISONS

Many students of local politics have, Of late, been comparing the votes received by President Ward, Commissioner Bar Der and MT. Weatherly in their races for place on the commission in an effort to arrive at some basis for forecast in the election next week. And the dope sheet shows that Ward received 4053, Barber 4314 and Weatnerly 52sS votes in their re- spective contests.
 MT. Ward has made two races before the people, of Greater Birmingham. In 1910, as a candidate for sheriff, he ran third in the greater city, both McAdory and Reid receiving larger votes. In this contest MT. Ward carried three boxes by small pluralities, these being the two boxes in Beat 21 and the East Birming- ham box. He ran last in five boxes.
 In his race for president of the
 city commission against Vassar Allen
 and Clement Wood, MT. Ward failed
 to carry Ensley, Vivian, East Bir-
 mingham, East Thomas and Gate
 City. He carried Pratt City by plu-
 rality of two votes; North Birmingham
 by 43, Avondale by 16 and East Lake
 by 61. Of the 4O53 votes MT. Ward
 received 2410 were cast in old Bir-
 I1llHSDdH HIS HSdVlGSI NoI6 anu
 largest plurality in any suburban box
 was at Woodlawn, his vote being a91
 and his plurality being 143.
 WEATHERLY-JONES RACE
 In the Weatherly- race in 1914, MT. Weatherly carried every box in Greater Birmingham except Gate City. His vote in the suburbs was 3032, while MT. Jones' suburban vote was 1075. Of 1922 votes cast in the eastern part of the city, MT. Weatherly received an even l5O0.
 Commissioner Barber in his race against Judge Lane in 1915 carried every suburban box except Gate City, and lost all the boxes in old Birmingham. Of the 43l4 votes MT. Barber received, the sub urbs gave him 2S96 Judge Lanes subur- ban vote was TT.
 From past elections the suburbs ap- pear to have thrown their tremendous strength almost solidly to a favorable candidate, especially in the Weatherly and Barber campaigns. In his race for president of the commission MT. Ward received only 1743 of the votes of the suburbs
 The Barrett forces claim that their candidate will receive at least 65 per cent of the suburban vote. If this be true. pr. Barrett will need to secure but B per cent of the old Birmingham vote to re- ceive a majority on Monday
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-06
Special Bargains by Merchants in
 Today's Age-Herald

M. Veil & Bro. invite inspection of the new H. s. & M clothes-$20.
 Slaughters want to tailor that new suit for you.
 Loveman, oJseph Loeb print full page of store news.
 G. R. Kinney Co, advertise shoes for the family-25c to s3.9S.
 Saks offers reasonable prices on quail ty apparel for children
 Porter features Porter Laber, shirts at s1 50.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-06
SECTION / OPEN TO RECRUITS

The aviation section of the army is now open to young men again, Capt James B. Hutchinson announced yes- terday. All men who have waited for this branch of the service to open up will now be given an opportunity to tender their services to their country in the way they wish. It is only for ground service that applicants are re- ceived, the commissioned officers be- ing the only ones being instructed in flying, but this branch opens the near est path to that goal.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-06
SCOUTS TO HIKE
 OUT CAHABA ROAD

Boy Scouts will hike 15 miles out the Cahaba river road today and are in- structed to report at the end of .he Mountain Terrace car line this morning at S:30 o'clock c. r. Tiliery will be in charge.
 o. K.'s of their scoutmasters. and those expecting to take the examination are to come prspared. One hundred boys will go on the hike. They will return at