davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22
NOTICE OF LEASING OF SCHOOL
AND STATE LANDS

The school and state lands in Barn.
es County, North Dakota, not already
leased, will be offered for rent at a
public leasing to be held at the court
house in the city of Valley City, in
said county on Saturday, the 9TH day
|of April, 1917 commencing at 1000
o'clock a. IN. The terms of leasing
will be as follows:
All lands will be offered for term
of five years beginning with the sea-
son of 1917, and only for grazing and
hay purposes, at the minimum annual
rental of $500 for each quarter Sec
ton.
All lands will be struck off to the
highest bidder, who will be required
to pay at the time of leasing the rent
for the season of 1917, also an addi-
tional fee of $500 for issuing lease,
which fee will be charged for each
quarter section or fraction thereof in
cluded in such lease.
A list of the lands to be offered for
lease will be on file with the treasurer
of said county for public inspection
for at least two weeks before the date
of leasing.
Coal rights are reserved to the state
in all leases and the Board of Univer'
sity and School Lands reserves the
right to reject any and all bids.
ALL LEASES ARE SUBJECT TO
CANCELLATION IN CASE OF SALE
The only way to secure the use OF
any school or state land is by leasing
on above terms.
No person has a right to cut hay
Craze or close-herd stock at any sea
son of the year on state land without
first securing atlease of the same and
anyone SO trespassing will be vigor
ously prosecuted:
Dated at Bismarck, North Dakota
this 1st day of March, 1917.
FRANK S. HENRY,
Commissioner.
First Pub. Mar. s, Last Pub. Mar. 29.)
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22
A WORD FOR MOTHERS

1tisa grave mistake for mothers to neg
1ect their aches and pains and suffer In
silence-this only leads to chronic sick
ness and often shortens life.
1fyour work is firing; if your nerves are
excitable; if you feel languid, weary or
depressed, you should know that Scott's
Emulsion overcomes just such conditions.
1t possesses in concentrated torn the
very elements to invigorate the blood,
strengthen the tissues, nourish the nerves
and build strength.
Scott's Is strengthening thousands OF
oothers-and will help you. No alcohol.
scott & Bovine. Bloomfield. NJ.
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22
Four Seniors Receive
Contracts This Week

Four members of the class of 1917
to graduate from the various courses
of the State Normal school in June
have already received contracts for
teaching positions for next year. Sal
aries range from $65 to $50. Those
who were. elected to positions this
week are:
Alice Bjerke, Montford, Wis, to
teach the second grade at Plentywood,
Mont.
Matilda Munkeby, Englevale, 5th,
9Th and 9TH grades at Stanton.
Ora Kelley, LaMoure, 3rd and 4th
grades at Stanton.
Mabel Zimmerman, McHenry, 9Th
and 9Th grades at McHenry.
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22

apolis agency will be cut 20 per cent,
or $4,000 monthly. The loss will come
principally from North Dakota, he
said:
1T will not hit the brewers so hard
as the wholesale whisky Dealers" Mr..
Wagner said. "They have sold by the
case in North Dakota. That is all over
now"
Mr.. Mareck said he was not able,
offhand, to give an estimate of the
industrial effect, but that it was quite
certain that it would be severe. He
said that an estimate that $50 men
had been let go by his company in the
last IS or 20 months as a result Of
the passing of prohibition laws was
about right.
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22
NORMALONIANS BOOK DATES
FOR PROGRAM THRU STATE

The Normalonians will make an ex
tended tour during April probably be-
ing on the trip for ten days. Arrange
ments have been made for concerts in
different parts of the state. They are
definitely scheduled to give their pro.
gram at Aneta, Neville, Devils Lake,
Wimbledon, Darlington and Enderlin.
Arrangements are in order for en-:
gagements at Bottineau, jamestown,
New Rockford, Cheyenne, Churches
Ferry, Casselton, and Fargo.
An afternoon concert will be given
at Leal in the near future.
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22
Defendants In Wheat
Case Put Under Bonds

The case Of Frank Heimes VS.. Henry
Cardinal and William RAINBOW in
Judge Noes court here Thursday at
tracted more than ordinary attention.
Besides the defendants there were
from Eckelson ]. T. O'Day, Gene, Ed
ward, Simon and Frank Hinschberger,
Martin Conlon, J. A. Kroner, Warren
Scouten and Bert Diemert; from San
born, Henry Stephan and Jos. Die.
inert.
The finding of the court was to
place the defendants under bond to
appear at the June term of the dis
trict court. Up to the time of going
to press bonds had not been secured.
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22
Y. M. c. A. At JAMESTOWN
ELECTS NEW OFFICERS

Jamestown, March 15.-Members Of
the jamestown College Y. M. C. A.
at their annual meeting Tuesday even
ing, elected officers for the ensuing
year as follows: President, Arthur
Lawrence; vice president, Alfred
Dale; secretary, Guy Muir, and treas
urer, Elmon Miller.
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22
THEIR FIRST BOY BORN

A seven-pound son was born to Mr..
and Mrs. Edwin Jacobson Saturday
morning. 1t is the first boy and Ed
has already spoken for place for him
in the Times-Record office. DR.. Hunt
was the attending physician. The
Royal Neighbors took early note OF
the new arrival by sending down a
fine bouquet.
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22

Casselton Reporter: Miss Alice
Gilbert has been reelected to her po-
sition as supervisor of music in the
Devils Lake schools for the coming
year. Friends here are greatly pleas
ed to hear of her success and also to
hear that this reelection brings with
it substantial increase in salary.
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22

Born, on March ~, to Mr.. and Mrs.
Erie L. Fouks, of Minot, baby daugh-
ter, Dorothy Ann. Mrs. Fouks will be
membered as Miss Anna Burchill, eld-
est daughter of William Burchill,
and a former student at the State
Normal school.
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22

Mrs. N. J. Hesch returned to the
city Thursday evening after few
days visit in Fargo with her sister,
Mrs M. Kennedy, and also attending
the Mccormack recital and the auto
show.
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22

LOST-White broncho mare, bride
and halter on when left. Branded
Us on right thigh. Notify John Koch,
Luyerne, N. D, 11-w-tf
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22

FOR RENT-Three quarter sections of
land, nine miles west Of Valley City,
$50 under cultivation, balance pasture
and hay land. Nels Stahlem, Valley
City 22-1p
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22

The Farmers Mercantile Company
will pay the highest market price for
Potatoes, Eggs and Butter. 15tf
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22
ST CATHERINE CUNT
MAKES GOOD REcoRp

The st. Catherine basketball team
closed the seasons match games with
the Richie and the Normal this week,
scoring victory over each; 81 tos 5
with the Richie and "a to q with the
Model. OF these six games the St.
Catherine team played two on it's own
floor, two at the Richie, one at the
Normal and the third game with the
Model was played on a neutral floor.
Wertin starred for the St. Catherine
and Codding for the Normal q
Normal St. Catherine
Hazelgrove .......c...... L. Scheiber
Codding. ......... Krogh
Sorris ............f.......J. Scheiber
ferguson. ........g.. ........ Keiser
Rude ............g. ......... Werun
Points Codding II, Sorris 2, Hazel
grove 2, Wertin -, J. Scheiber is,
Krogh 4, L. Scheiber 2. u
Free threws-Wertin made four out
of seven; Codding made one out Iof
four 4
Richie St. Catherine
Larson .........c. Wertin
Ployhar. ....... u. Scheiber
Curren ........g... ..... R. Krogh
Points: Wertin II, J. scheiber Is,
V. Krogh 10, Hanson 2, Ployhar #2,
McFadgen l. Il
Call at the Times-Record office when
in Valley City and see the wonderful
linotype machine. h
The weekly times-record. (Valley City, N.D.) 1912-1922, 1917-03-22

Call at the Times-Record office when
in Valley City and see the wonderful
linotype machine. Ii
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
Haig Continues to Smash Enemy
and Has Made Gains on a Front
of Approximately Two Miles
Southwest of Warneton.
TEUToNs ARE UNABLE TO
STAND STIFF PRESSURE
Conditions Are Comparatively
Quiet on the French Front
Minor Engagements Reported
in Aisne and verdun Regions.



The German lire Ia Belgium Is
crumblng under the British offensive
thcre Evidence Of this appears to-
day ir the announcement by London
of % German retreat ON "a front OF ap-
proNmateiy two miles in the area
southwest of Waruclon After wiping
out the Mcssines- " ytuchacto salient
I'm thu crushing attack last wees
General Plumcr continued attacking
the Germans from time 90 time east
uf Mcss!no, aud gained additional
ground there. Further south the
British have cNerted pressure upon
General Won Arnims lines
Having lost the last OF the COM
mandinr artillery and observation po-
siiions u this region when the Mes
sinos ridge fell into British hands.
the Germans are hnding the pressure
at some points beyond their uOlity to
meet, one Of the first results has
been the abandonment of important
sections Of Their first line between the
river Lys and 81 yves. General
Haig announces that the British are
following the Germans closely aad
are moving forward east of PlOcg-
stccrt wood ana IN the ucighborhoud
Of BBspard village ON the French
front conditions remain comparative
~ quict. Last night tho Germans
after bom1ardmcuts. attacked French
posts in the A.suc region and north
west uf Ncrduu The French easily
rcpulsed these assaults
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
q. :. NOTE 10 CHINA WAS
SURPRISE TO THE JNrS

Toxic. Tuesday, Junuc " tDclnytu
In transfnissiohl The question Of
china. as 1t exists between the United
States and Japan. has been brought
sharply to the surface boy the note ot
the American government to China
expressing regret over the dissenslon
In that country and the desire that
tranquility and political coordination
De established Regarding the future
uf china as interviewer intimately
with her own. Japan has long obserr-
cd Fundamental policy. the goal OF
which j. 10 procure recognition hy
the powers Of special aud paramount
position for Japan and China.
Tho impression prevails iu Toxic
that Great Britain and France. since
the outbreak of the war. have tncit'y
extended 20 measure OF recognition of
special privileges fu japan and the
present issue appears to involve the
question whether m" United states
viii abandon the prerugativc of In
dependent action in china and hence
forth consult Japan. The following
statement Of Japans position rs fui.
rishod to The Associated Press In well
informed quarters
when Japan and the allies were
about to urge Yuan Shi kai tthc late
president of rhinal to postpon"
restoration of the monarchy. the
! United states was consulted before
! hanI and Invited tu participate. The
United states replied that II favored
y republic hut could not interfere in
the Internal affairs of China.
The recent American note. which
virtually was interference ana VIZ
sent without consulting Japan. caused
| surprise II was not until af'crv 'rds
| thaI wc were notified ana invited 81
participate
1--WE are making cfforts go assure
| the people that the United States had
Ne intention pr sighting the Japanes,
hu they are extremely sonsiti'" T.
Iunything touching china which thcN
deem suprcmcly vital question uI
IJapin's future
The foreign urro" decline &" dis
cu.s what action viii be adopted TO-
ward Amcrir.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
I,ESENTMI.NT OyEl, NOTE
TO CHINA INIOI NDID

Washington. June ii--Japancso
rosentmont over the American note
To- China is ascribed wholly To- the
publication of garbled version iE
Japan. II T. admitted here that al
though both countries have been
striving Tor q better working under
standing. they have not succeeded in
reaching IL Despite efforts of the
government japanese effort often
has been Interpreted IN Toxic as un-
due interference IN Chinese affalrs
and disregard of the special position
Japan claims for herself In China.
much the same az the position of the
United states with regard to Mexico.
II has previously been explained
that the American note was inspired
simply by desire 10 aid the rival
Chinese factions TO come together.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
SILENCE or OLD LIBERTY
BI.i.i. u BROktN TODAY

Washington. June 1.-THE last
twenty four hours for subscribing TO
the liberty loan. were ushcred IN at
noon today with the tolling OF bells
and the blowing Of whistles from
coast TO coast.
At the same moment treasury Off
cials were compiling the latest re-
turns OF subscriptions from the
twelve reserve districts showing a
steady Climb toward the $4,000. .000,-
600 mark.
only the New York district. ac-
cording To latest available estimates.
had exceeded the minimum allotment.
other districts we're nearing the
minimum and officials hoped that
with Increased activity auring the
closing 20 hours the total of $4,000
100000 would he fully subscribed.
The Liberty bell vas rung again.
the first time IN years, at Phlladei-
phia. its reverberations being carried
from coast 60 coast by aid Of the
telegraph. Where Patrick Henry
stood when he uttered his immortal
speech. give me liberty or give mo
death" Mayor Ainslle OF Richmond.
Va. toiled the old bell OF 81. Johns
church. Throughout the nation the
bells aud Whistles re-cchoed the sum
mons 10 subscribe. The south tJlled
her bells aud cut loose her factory
whistles. Every hell In New York was
a liberty loan bell az noon.
Mayor Rolph OF San Francisco had
all the bells in the city tollcd at noon.
eastern time
Governors of most of the reserve
banks tclegraphed the treasury today
reporting encouraging progress during
the last twenty four hours and
whirlwind campaign planned for the
closing day.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
JAPS HAVE VISITING
HABIT TOO, MISSION
TO VISIT AMERICA
Visitors to United States Will
Have Broad Powers; Good OPP
portunity to Bring About a
Closer Understanding.
b. Assooia,ed Pres.

b. Associated Press
Washington. June li.--Japan will
send mission to the United states.
The mission win have broad powers.
especially In diplomatic consultation
and is expected to leave japan during
the first part OF july
The mission h. regarded as offering
an unparalleled opportunity for 2
closer understanding between the
United states and japan
Niscount Kikuiiro lshh will head
the japanese mission. Vice Admiral
Takeshita. who is well known In the
United States. heads the naval seS-
tion. The army section is headed by
Major Suguno.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
SUGAR REF lNERY BLAST
KILLS ONE; DAMAGE TO
PROPERTY is $1.000000

\cw Yorb. June li.--Ouc dead. one
missing ana thirteen severely injured.
aud q prop,ri. luss uf Sl,OOU,uou re-
suited from tho ur" and explosion
'at night %, th, American Sugar Hv-
.,uuE COMPANY plant In BruokINn.
T. was announced Today. several IN
,csugatiuus have been begun tu de-
' rmiuc the cause ~ the explosion
Tne company has large orders tor
th, entente allies
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
CONSTANTINE LEAVES TO
EMBARK ON 4 MAikSIiIP

Athens. Tuesday, June ~ tVia
London, .une lt.--Former King
Constantine lcft Nthcns ate today To-
embark on iritish warship.
the former queen aud crown prinea
and members ofthe family. They left
the city by motorcar. Professor
Georgios STREET. former adviser OF the
Greek foreign office. went with Con-
stantine a. his secretary
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
LILA KNOWS THE MEANING
OF LIBERTY; BUYS 4 BOND

El Paso. Tex. dune ii.-"I was
born q slave and | know what lie-
erty means" Lula Brown. negro
servant. told tho Liberty Loan com
miitee today when she offered her en-
tire savings account with which tc
purchase bonds.
Il cant read nor write for ! wa-
slave until | was 80 years old bat
want TO do my part co give the world
the liberty I have enjoyed she add
ed She bought si00 bond.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
SEPARATE REPUBLICS
HAVE BEEN DECLARED
THREE RUSS PROVINCES


by AssuriHtod fr.ss
London june Il ~ PvtIuErid
dispatch Goo 'hr Mnt says thar there
seems io Do, reign ut terror !u
Tsur.tsyu. Vh,I, separate republic
has been declared Tsaritsyn BE- e.
great railroad center and an Import
ant puut tUr traffic ON the Noiga
river. Separate republics also hn>"
been declared at Khersuu and XIII
uaunNa. but tine situation is said not
To- be ,crluu- lt either place.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
SWITZERLAND WILL
Be CONSTANT|NE'S
HOME HEREAF TER
Former King of Greece, II Is Be
lieved, Will Take Up His Resi-
dence There After Returning
from Visit TO Berlin.

Lusano switzerland. june -, tNia
Paris. 1--une oi the private socretsr-
les OF former King Constantine of
Greece arrived here last sunday aud
began search Tor a large villa suit
able for u royal personage. Prince
Won BueloN, the former German I'M
perial chancellor. and several other
German diplomats are stay ying here.
II is reported that eN-King Cupstan-
tine viii likely cross .he Swiss fron-
tier early next week aud go To Berlin
afterwards returning to Switzerland,
where nc win make his home
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
COTTON USED IN MAY
AMOUNTED TO 6l5,17l
RUNNING BALES, REPORT

Washington June ~ cotton c"I-
-umed during MAY amounted Go tl'.-
tTl running bair. aud f"r tho ten
months ending May 80 70 was '.oN'.-
$40 bales. the census bureau today
announced THAT compares with 5,o,-
500 bales iu MAJ re- year tru ava r
531iSS for the correspondents ten
months.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
so PEOPLE KILLED, MANY
HURT BY AN EXPLOSION
AT ASHTON. UNDER LYME

Hy Associated Press
London Juuuc &C. ffy persons
we're killed and many injured hN an
explosion at ADMINISTRATIONS a..
drew Huuar Law. chancellor of the
excchcuucr announced tu the hous"
uf commons today AShtou-Ondor-
L,ur is mtuufasturiur town near
Manchester
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
SEVERAL HOUSES In
cREDE LowLANDs "
AWAY, MUCH DAMAGE


rrrcdc. colo. tame lt--SrNcrn
nin.,s ia IN" lu,lauds uf 'yccdr
bs,c ur,u washed away ny overflow
waters ui Willow creek which BE-
over IT, banNs to-day \ large "l'
tank has bocn washed from i's f"Cn-
datious. the power house ~ IN" COM
modurr mine put cut ut commission
ana about S.5.upo damage done ="
property.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
EMERGENCY COMMITTEE
OF BAKING INDUSTRY
URGES FOOD SAVING

b. Assuc At"d Frcrf
Washington Juat ~ In" M''
emergency committee "t 'hc n'klns
Industry representing seventy "isht
cities. conferred With congressional
lea dcrs todov and ur""' ne'"ssi'' i"'
prompt action les conserve tuod
products. ........-.
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
Forced Into War

~ is plain cnuugh how We were
forced into the war. Tho eNtrHord-
mary insults ami asgressions of the
imperial German governments let, MS
-clf-respoctinE choice but 10 take up
arms iu defense ut our rght- AS q
irce people aud of our honor az a
sovereign government The military
masters uf Gormluy donied us the
right tu hc neutral They tillcd uu-
unsuspccting communities with vicious
.pies and couspirutors aud sought TO
corrupt the opinion ot our people in
their own behalf when they found
thar th,y could not de- that their
agents diligently spread seditiOn
AMONGST u- and sought Co draw our
uNn citizens from their allegiance
ana some ot those agents were men
connected with the official embassy os
m. German government itself here IN
our own capital. They sought By
violence tD dcstrot our Industries and
arrest our commerce They tried "a
incite Mexico " tako up arma
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14

celebrate Flag day because this tIag
which We honor and under which We
serve is the emblem OF our unity. OUc
power. our thought aud purpose as
q nation. II has no other character
than that which Ne give II from gen
GRAFTON To generation. The choices
atc ours. II floats IN majestic silence
above the hosts that execute thost
choices. whether in peace on In war
Aud ye, though silent 1t speaks u
us speaks TO as ut the past. Of the
men aud women who went before us
and OF h" records they wrote upon
We ceichrat, tIr day ut its birth
lUad rom its birtn until now II ma.
Witnessed great history. has fluuted
ON high the s.. mhol eff great events
uf grcat plan of lifc worked out ~,
q grcIt people. We are about to carry
llt into battle to lu % whore II vii
draw the tire ot our enemies. We al,
about to bid thousands, hundreds o
thousands, 1t may bc millions. ui uul
mon. the young the strong. IN
capable men of the nation. Co go f0rti
and die beneath % uu fields uf olou'
Tar away for what For some un
accustomed thing For sumcthim
Tor which II has never sought th,
| fire before American armies wer'
never before sent across the seas
WHY ar" they sent nov For SOM
new purpose. Tor whi,h this great tla'
has never been carried before. or fo
som" Old. familiar. heroic purpose
for which u has seen men. rs uWl
| men die an cVcry battlefield upo
which Americans have boruc arm
since the revolution
! These are questions which mus
bee answered We are Americans W
In our turn serve America. aud Ca
lscryc her with mo- private purpus,
", must u-o her flag a. she has u|
ways uscd -, W are accountable ID
the bar ui history and must plead 3
lutt,r fTtuhursa what purpose b
The evening herald. [volume] (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 1914-1922, 1917-06-14
Mr.. Wilson in Flag Dag Address
Says Emblem Under Which We
Serve Would Have Been Dishon-
ored Had We Withheld Hand.
TEUToNIc INSULTS LEFT
NO OTHER COURSE OPEN
Kaiser Has Carried Into Effect
His Immediate Plan of Conquest
and Now Is Talking Peace
While Aggressions Are Secure.


BY Associated Press
Washington. June li--Pr President
Wilson warned the American people
In flag day address on the Washing
ton monument grounds toda, ihat
Germany has carried into effect the
greater part of her immediate ,iiHl
o. conquest ana now is ncgo. attn. a
new intrigue of peace" designed 70
end the war while hcr aggresions are
secure
An the central empires. the pred-
dent declared have been cementcd
into one great autocraCy cm-
pirc. Throwing a broad belt OF Ger
man military power and political con-
troll across the very center OF Europe
aud beyond the Mediterranean into
the heart Of Asia This achieved ne
said, IL easy to understand why
Germany is fostering propaganda
Tor an early peace.
Peace. peace, peace. mas beer the
talk OF her foreign office FOR now a
year ana More" said the president.
~ little of he talk has been public.
but most of It has been private.
Through an sorts Of channels IL has
come to me and IN all sorts OF guises.
The military masters under whom
telnany II bleeding see very clearly
To what point fate has brought them.
II they secure peace now with the
Immense advantages still In theip
hands which they have up to this
point apparently gained they will
have Justified themselves before the
German people they viii have gained
| oy force what they promised TO gain
! by H."
I The president rccitcd again the
| German aggrcssious which drove the
| United States To- war He declared
the purposes Tor which american sol
/ dlers nov carry the Atars and stripes
TO Europe tor the first time IN history
I a rcuot new 10 American traditions
because relaxation of Germany's war
aims must eventually mean the un-
doing uf the whole world lie spoke
! IN full a. follows