The Miller press. [volume] (Miller, S.D.) 190?-current, 1917-01-04

bank OF the Chilkat, ~ miles from its
mouth, where the swift current con-
centrated in a single channel forms q
strong eddy that permits the landing
of noe at any stage of the river.
Of<>the five totemic families that
form the Chilkat-kwan, four are resi-
dent here. OF these the Kon-nuh-ta-di,
the sole representative of the Raven
party, is the one with which this paper
deals. Their legendary history, SO i'm
aginary and interesting, is closely as
ISOLATED with the wanderings and an
tics of "Yehlh," the Raven creator,
while the earliest family traditions are
conferred about the south and west
coasts of the Prince of Wales and con-
tiguous islands, where at an early pc
riod they must have lived.
The Whale House.
When l first visited Klukwan in
1885, the large old communal houses
of the K~on-nuh-ta-di were still stand
ing, the principal one of which, that
of the hereditary chief, "~Yough-hit"
(Whale house,, was in the last stages
Of decay and uninhabitable, although
the interior fittings were intact and it
was still used upon festival occasions.
1t was unquestionably the most widely
known and deliberately ornamented
house, not only at Chilkat, but in Alas
ka. 1t occupied the site of much older
houses, and, it is claimed, much larger
ones. 1t is said to have been built by
kate-tsu about, or prior to, 1885, and
stood in the middle of the village. 1t
represented the best type of Tlinglt
architecture, a broad low type Of
Tlingit architecture, a broad low
structure of heavy hewn spruce tim
bers, with n~oticeably high corner posts,
that gave it a degree of character
wholly wanting in the larger houses
of the Vancouver island people. 1t
faced the river, with a frontage of 40
feet 10 inches ard a depth of SO feet
approximately the proportions of
Tlingit houses, large mt small. Each
of these old houses formed a solid
structure, the frame and planking sup
porting each other without the use of
spikes. The doorway, which was the
only opening in the walls, was ap-
preached by two steps, more than
three feet above the ground.
The Interior formed an excavation
four feet nine inches below the ground
level, with w receding steplike plat
forms. The lower square floor space, 20
feet by 20 feet 8 inches, constituted the
general living and working com
mon to all, except that portion in the
rear and opposite the entrance, which
was reserved for the use of the house
chief, his immediate family, and most
distinguished guests. This was the
place of honor in all Tlingit houses
upon all occasions, ceremonial or 9TH
erwise. The flooring, of heavy, split,
smoothed planks of varying widths, eX-
tended around q central graveled fire.
place six feet by six feet and a half,
where all of the cooking was done over
a wood fire that also heated the house
in winter. In front of aud a little to
: the right of the fire space was q small
cellarlike apartment entered by q small
trapdoor In the floor barely large
enough to admit a person. This was
used as q steam bath, by heating
: powders in the fire, dropping them on
and pouring water upon them to gen.
crate yapor, ~whereupon the batner en-
tered and the opening was covered
over.
l The first platform, extending around
the main floor at an elevation of two
and three-fourths feet, served both
) as a step, and as a iounging place in
= the daytime. The upper and broader
| platform, rising two feet above that
below, was at the ground level, and
l was floOred with heavy planks. This
: platform constituted the sleeping place
: of the inmates.
. New House Never Completed.
In 1899, this house and "Yehlh-hit,'
or Raven house, adjoining We're torn
. down and preparations for the e..c-
ton of new buildings were got under
t way, and in the winter of 1901, after
g the walls were up and the roof on, a
r great potlatch was given by the Kon-
nuh-ta-di, to the three Wolf families
of the opposite phratry in the tribe,
and the Ka-gwan-tan of Sitka, in
which ove $4,000 in property, food
and money were distributed. The head
s chief Of the family, master of the
e Whale house, "Yehlh-gu ou," or Ra-
: ven's slave, welcomed his guests upon
landing, wearing the Raven hat.
e The new house, although modern in
form and of two stories, took the old
Y name, and it stands today ~windowless
and doorless, the interior grown III
in weeds, a monument of the last greai
e pOtlatch of the Chilkat. as the chief
= died Don af.-rward and his succcsso,
3 has neither the means to finish 1t no,
e the desire TO H-c n &, and the eiabc
h rate carvings have never been placed