davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1917-10-31
New Gcrman (yhanccIIor.

Amsterdam, Oct. 30.---Count Geo.
Won Hertling, the Bavarian prime
minister, has been appointed impe-
rial German chancellor.
Former Chancellor Michaelis has
been name prime minister OF Prussia.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1917-10-31
0conee 1,7Of BALES Short.

Seneca, Oct. 27.-Special: Cotton
ginned prior to October 18, 1917. was
1888 bales, as compared with $3.50
bales ginned to October 18. 1915.
NJ. S. Stribling. Special Agent. y.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1917-10-31
board Exemnta T,,vo

HV"IW TAel1ptB TWO.
The Local Board of Oconee Coun-
ty has granted exemption to Carroll
JEFFERSON Moore, OF Mountain Rest,
and George Lester Adds, Walhalla,
Ri. No. 8,
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1917-03-14
LIGHT

Light is a priceless illumination
the Lord arranged to shed on the
world twelve hours a day. But He
might have known we couldn't be
satisfied with it.
Judging by the actions of birds and
chickens and other clOse-tO-natuTe
animals, we have always thought
that dusk was a suggestion and
darkness a broad hint to folks that
it was time to go to bed.
But do we do ito Not on your in
candescent bulb! We turn Mr.. Edi-
sons juice loose and let the meter
run races with our pOcketbOOks while
we sit around until midnight and
wreck our disposition for the next
day. And if we go out on the street
we run chances of being winked at
by a beer sign or a movie ad.
The day book. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1911-1917, 1917-03-14

SHE'S BEGINNING.-The hens
are beginning to lay.
This sounds like an incOnseqUen-
tial barnyard item of news, but it
means millions. The price Of eggs
must come down and the effect upon
the high cost Of living will be big, for
no meal of victuals is a total failure
OF it contains skillfully cooked eggs.
And, the hens having resumed,
now is the time to knock high prices
on next winters eggs by family pre-
servation of eggs.
Municipal governments, congress
and the U. S. supreme court have
found no way in which to defeat
speculation and cOrnering. The hen
has. She lays and lays, when the
laying's good. She sits on a hand
full Of straw and does her part to bust
trusts. She does her part and that
we have egg trusts is not her fault.
There was a time when the Amer
lean housewife preserved her win
.teT's supply Of eggs, and butter, too,
when prices were low. Nowadays
she's deyiling with bridge whist, sail
sing around in an auto or clubbing at
some club, while trusts or corpora
lions are doing her preserving, with,
a cinch on making her yell for boy
colts over winter prices.
Every housewife, and every house
husband, too, knows that cOmpeti-
ton is the sure cure for combination
extortion. They don't act. The hen
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
ESCAPE FROM SUDDEN DEATH

David and Roy Grier, sons of William
H. Grier, well known farmer living
near Townsend, had narrow escape
from death early Sunday morning when
the carriage in which they were seated
was struck by an express train, the
horse being killed and the carriage
wrecked.
The two young men had attended a
social and on their way home stopped at
Gill's restaurant for something to eat,
after which they went on their way.
They We're Oh the main street crossing
when the second section of the Norfolk
Express bore down upon them. They
We're unaware of its approach until they
were directly on the tracks.
The locomotive hit the horse first,
and the impact threw the carriage a
gainst the coaches, demolishing it.
The occupants were carried distance
of fifty yards down the tracks. When
found they were sitting in what was
left of the carriage seat, but were on
slightly injured
The crossing watchman said he at
tempted to warn the young men, but
they evidently did not see him in time.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
CORNELIUS w. DAVIS, SR

Cornelius w. Davis, Sr., one of the
best-known citizens of this community
died at his home in Warwick, Nd, Sat-
urday evening, at the age Of rs years,
from a complication of diseases. About
six years ago. by reason of declining
health, he moved from his farm, known
as Painters Rest, on the Levels, to
Warwick. He had been an active men,
ber of the Townsend M. E. Church for
the past 30 years
Mr.. Davis had three brothers and
three sisters-J ames ID. Davis, of Sas-
safras, Md, Isaac M. Davis, of Sta te
Road and Daniel NJ. Davis of Red Lion:
and Mrs. Joseph Carey of Middletown,
Mrs. Amanda Truax of Smyrna and
Mrs Mary Hardup of Sassafras, Md.
He leaves also widow and four chill
dren Cornelius W. Davis Jr., of Cecil
ton, Md, Arthur M. Davis and Mrs.
Joseph L. Rhodes of this town, and Mrs.
William Cleaver of Kennedyville, Md.
The funeral took place from his late
residence on Tuesday morning, at II
o'clock, and interment at Forest ceme-
terry
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
T.PAUE'S E. CHURCH NOTES

Sunday, Feb. 4, 1917.
9.45 A. NJ. brotherhood Devotional
meeting.
1890 A Nj. Morning worship, with
Sermon by Pastor.
2.0OP. NJ. Sunday School session.
645 P n. Epworth League Leader,
Jos. G. Brown.
730 p M. Sc mon and Revival service.
The Revival meetings will continue
every night next week except Saturday
At the 4th Quarterly Conference of
St Paul's n. E. Church held il the
Church last Saturday evening, the fol-
lowing stewards and committees were
approved.
Stewards: f. n. Noore. L. V. Aspril,
Lr, George l.. townsend, George W.
DAVIS, Jos. G. Brown, F A Reynolds,
u. p. CHM, J. G. Cieaver, W. H.
George, Jno. a. Carpenter, William
Bogenshletz, Chas. Cannon, w. F. Fl
lott, Jno. A. Fordham, Miss May C.
Enos. Miss Mary Aspril, Miss Frances
Williams. bliss Emma 8 Eccles, Miss
Mary Lightcap, Mrs. A. V Davis, Mrs.
Lee Sparks.
Recording Steward: George L. Town
send
District Steward: Jos. G. Brown: Re-
serve: l.. V. Aspril, Jr.
Communion Steward: Miss Way G.
Enos.
Trier of Appeals: l.. V, Aspri, Jr. q
COMMITTEES
Apportioned Benevolences: L. V.
Aspril, Jr., Jos. G. Brown, Geo. W.
Davis. Miss May c. Enos, Miss Mary
Aspril.
Foreign Missions: Mrs j. H Enos,
Mrs. W. r. Davis, Mrs. l.. Y. Aspri.
Jr.
Home Missions and Charter Exten.
Mrs G. W Davis, Mrs. Georgia Cop
page, Miss Fanny Williams.
Sunday Schools: jos. G. Brown. U. P.
CHM.
Tracts: Mrs. Howard Morris, Miss
Mary Staats.
Temperance: W. H George, William
Rogenshietz, Jno. A. Fordham.
Education: Mrs. A. V. Davis Miss
Mary Aspril
Freedman's Aid: F. A. Reynolds, Geo.
w. Davis.
Hospitals: Mrs. Lee Sparks, Miss
Frances Williams.
Church Records: L. V. Aspri Jr.,
jos G. Brown.
Auliting Records: L. V. Aspri', Jr..
Miss Emma 8. Eccles.
Parsonage Furniture: Ladies Aid So
ciety.
Church Music: JOS &. Brown, Mrs.
G. w Davis, Yrs. w. r Davis.
Estimating: Board Of Stewards.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
A REVUE OF REvUEs

"What's that crowd there?" said a man
on North Broad street.
''Why they're going to the Club House
to see ''The Revue of Revues''
Must be a great show to draw thor,
like that. Let's go see it,"
And they did, like a great manv otbo,I
wise people.
After you have seen 'The Ladies Home
Learn-all, you will never again bd
IN doubt about what magazine -
subscribe for.
"Bits of Musical Comedy" is brimf,,
OF pretty girls, tuneful music and
beautiful costumes.
The cast includes: Alice Rro,,,,
Blanche Deakyne, Helen McDowsn
John Dickinson, Harry vinyard, Lou;se
Ratledge, Marian Armstrong Harru
Segelken. Jr., Eugene Shallcross. James
walker Adelaide Clayton, Freder;,<
Brady, William Keegap, Frances Wa
klns, Ethel Brown, Helen Armstron, !.
William Bennett, Lena Weber Dav;s
Manlove, Ephraim Jolls. Olive TooL
wood, Nellie Otwell, Jennie Gallaohan
Ci1ord Pyle. William Myers. Helen,
Mc"horter' Naomi Shockley, ShellvI
Myers Charlotte Peverley, Hele,
Brady, jefferson Pool. Lola Incraa
Emma Donovan. Roth Stavely
A musical sensation too pre-em;n.
to miss! You have only two chance
see it, February 9th and 9th
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
William M. Craig Drowned

William M. Craig, aged IA years, q
son of Mr.. and Mrs Everett B. Craig,
of near Kirkwood, was drowned on
Saturday when he fell through hole in
the ice covering a cove about three
quarters of mile from his home while
he was skating there.
He had promised to be home at 2
O'Clock and when he failed to appear a
searching party went to look for him.
1t was sometime later when members
of the party reached the cove and found
his gloves and skating stick on the Ice
near the hole. His body was fifteen feet
under water and was taken out with
hooks. No one appears to have been
In the vicinity at the time of the acci.
dent and any cry he may have made for
help was unheard.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
Operators willing to make Shirts
for good wages, send names to
FOGEL & BURSTAN.
Bethesda Church Notes

Sunday, February 4th, 1917.
$50 A. M. Brotherhood Devotional
meeting. Leader, Robert George.
1920 A. M Preaching by the Pastor.
2P. NJ. Sunday School session.
7.sO P. NJ. Preaching by the Pastor,
followed by revival services.
Prayer meeting every Wednesday
evening at Z. 80 o'clock.
Class meeting every Thursday eve-
ming at 8 o'clock.
Jr. League every Wednesday after
noon at 4. 10 o'clock. Bear this in mind,
and send the children.
The regular business meeting of the
Woman's Home and Woman's Foreign
Missionary Societies will be held at the
parsonage next Monday evening, Feb
rQary 5th.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
TELEPHONE CONFERENCE

In line with their well known policy
OF preparedness" the Diamond State
Telephone Company last week called a
conference Of the various Chief Opera.
tors in the state outside of the CITY of
Wilmington District.
The conference was held in the Tele-
phone Building at Dover and was pre-
sided over by Mss Mary E. Bishop.
District Chief Operator, during Thurs
day and Friday
The purpose of the conference was to
consider the latest improved methods of
handling the great volume of business
which will come with the next fruit
season and with the idea of reducing de-
lays and CONGESTION of the long distance
lines to the minimum.
Every method known to the telephone
art will be used to get the maximum
efficiency from both the operating staff
and the lines of the Company. Every
individual operator is being instructed
as usual, and tie Company is looking
forward to a very busy season.
The Conference was attended by the
following: Miss E. G. Spry. Bridge
vile; Niss r. P. Heite. Dover: Mrs. B.
Wagaman, Georgetown; Miss f. Stud
ley. Laurel; ss VI. NJ. Ingram, Lewes;
Miss L. c. Weber, Middletown; Mrs.
NJ. Marshall, Milford Miss L. Viven,
Seaford; Yrs r. G. Dukes, Selbyville;
Miss E. Griffin, Smyrna; C. F. Lincoln,
District Traffic Supt., and H. R. Burns,
Asst. Traffic Supt., Wilmington; E. D.
Prince, Local Manager, Dover.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
TOWNSEND

Milton Hart, one of the Sunday Schoo
scholars received book as premium
for regular attendance during the year
MISS Marion Hart, daughter of Wal
ter E. Hart, left town Tuesday for Vir-
ginia to take up school work at a Sem
mary.
Mrs. Carleton McSorley and three
children, of Wilmington, are visiting
her parents, Richard Hodgson and
family.
Revival meetings continue during this
week. Communion service at 1890.
Preaching 750 P. M. Sunday School
2.15 A. VI. Prayer meeting Thursday
nights at 730.
Many young people from town at
tended the reception given by. Mr. and
Mrs. Sam Daniels, near Mt. Pleasant,
Tuesday evening, in honor of their son,
Fletcher Daniels. The bride was form
ally Miss Elizabeth Stats, of our town.
The railroad accident that occurred
last Sunday A. NJ was a wreck, but
fortunately the occupants. Ray and
] avid Green were not hurt or injured
in any way, while the horse was killed
and carriage demolished, it was very
narrow escape.
W. Hart Scott, county engineer for
Kent county and Charles M. Upham,
county engineer for Sussex county who
have been appointed state delegates by
Governor Townsend. will start Tuesday
morning to Boston, Mass to attend the
Fourteenth Annual Convention of the
American Road-builders Association
meeting to be held there from February
5th to the 9th.
In recognition of his faithful service.
covering fortyfive years as superinten-
dent of the M E. Sunday school, the
teachers and scholars of the School,
presented handsome silver loving cup
to Daniel B. Maloney last Sunday after
noon after the usual Sunday School SER
vice. The presentation speech made by
d. B. Jones, a very intimate friend, one
OF the trustees of the church and teacher
of the Bible class was very touching and
effective. The gift was great surprise
but was more than appreciated.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
Milk Producers, Attention !

Hear the story Of how New York
Milk Producers won the fight for higher
prices
Honorable John J. Dillon, N. Y,
Commissioner of Foods and Markets,
will address an open meeting at Logan
Hall, University of Pennsylvania. Phil
adeIphia. at lis P. NJ. Wednesday,
February 7th. DR.. Clyde L. King and
Hon. Clifford Pinchot will also address
us.
This meeting means much to the
future of the Philadelphia Market ,,i.k
Situation. Come and bring your neigh
bors
The Pennsylvania Rural Progress As
soclation is cooperating in this move
ment and will hold an evening session
to which you are cordially invited. Mr..
Dillon will also speak in the evening.
Interstate Milk Producers Asso.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
OBITUARY
MRS. LULU B0UcHELLE

Mrs. Lulu Bouchele, widow Of the
late Joseph Bouchelle, and an estim-
able lady of the First District, Md, died
Saturday evening at seven O'Clock, of
tuberculosis and pneumonia, at her
home near Bohemia Bridge.
Mrs. Bouchelle was a daughter of
the late Lambert Boulden, of the
Manor, where she was born thirty-sev-
en- years ago last December, and where
she had spent most of. her life. She is
survived by her two small child en-, her
mother. Mrs. Hannah Bouchelle, six
sisters, Mrs James Vinyard, of Cecil
ton; Mrs Robert Snyder, Mrs. Herbert
Conner and Mrs. Templeman, of near
Cecilton; Nrs. Emma Weir, of Will
mington, and Mrs. l.. " Kirk, of this
town; and three brothers, Mr.. Lambert
Boulden, of the Manor, and Messrs.
John and William Boulden, of near
Cecilton.
Funeral services were held Wednes-
day at her late home. Interment at
Bethel Cemetery.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
Century Club Notes

Mr.. McIntire, of New Castle, gave a
very entertaining talk at the New Cen
tury Club on Tuesday afternoon before
a good audience.
Miss Irene EARL will give a talk on
next Tuesday afternoon, her subject
being "Social Hygiene. This talk will
be in the line of continuation of the
one given several weeks ago by Mrs.
Mabel Irwin. Miss Earll is here under
the auspices Of the Parent-Teacher AS
sociation in conjunction with the Gen.
tury Club
1t will be an open meeting at $50
O'Clock, and all interested, especially
the members of the Parent-Teaeher AS
sociation are urged TO be present.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
Out For The Fur

Fur buyers are securing every SECTION
Of the Eastern shore and especially the
counties of Dorchester, Worchester,
Somerset and Wicomico, Nd., in an effort
to buy up all the skin or fur bearing ami
mails the y can find. The scarity of the
fur-bearing animals will probably keep
the price of fur to high notch for
many years to come. The principal
commodity in this line in New Castle
county are the skins Of muskrats, and
some of the best skins are now COM
manding prices as high as 45 cents.
Rabbits, raccoons and oppossums are
also very eagerly sought and when
hunter bags few mink and otter hides
he gets small fortune for them.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
New Course At Delaware

The Board of Trustees are consider
ing a number of men for the Pro.
fessorship of Business Administration
at Delaware College. This course In
Business Administration is to begin
with the next collegiate year and will
include banking, accounting, insurance,
commercial law and economics. The
course Is attracting considerable inter-
est and number of men have already
decided to elect it.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
Corn Highest Since Civil War

Farmers are fast unloading their
grain at the highest prices known since
the Civil War; Corn at 81 and wheat
at $1.85 induce most of them to sell, and
it is no unusual sight to see wagons
waiting in line at the cars to be un-
loaded. Far the first time in many
years there is market for corn cobs,
and carload is shipped each day from
Middletown to Philadelphia. where they
are ground and used for packing pur-
poses, to take the place of ground cork,
sawdust, etc. They sell for 2 IL cents
per bushel of Is pounds.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
Forest Church Notes
ulday, February 4th, 1917,

Sunday, February 4th, 1917,
1890 a. m. Public worship with SER
mon.
1l.45 a. m. Sunday School session
Men are invited to attend the Male
Bible Class
6.45 P. M. Christian Endeavor SER
vice. Topic: "Visions and Tasks, ="
Joel 2:2S-29; Chron. 34:1-7.
7.30 p. m. Evening service with SER
mon.
7.aO, Wednesday evening. Prayer
meeting.
An Organ Recital will be given OIL
Monday evening, February 10Th, by
Prof. Flavius Lutz, assisted by vocal
talent of distinction from Philadelphia
and Wilmington. Tickets, Is cents.
Let every one so far as possible resolve
to be present. This will be a rare mu-
sical treat.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
ESSAYPRlZE CONTEST
Fogel & Burstan Distributed SIS
in Gold to School Children
GERALDINE EscDONACH FIRST

In the contest by the pupils of the
public schools in and around NiddletoWn
for the best essay on "Why Buyers
should Patronize Home Stores" sixteen
took part, and the prizes for the S25. 0O
in gold offered by Alessrs. Fogel & Bur
stan, were awarded by the judges as
follows:
First Prize = Geraldine McDonagh,
Middletown, $l0.
second Prize-Ramona Newman, Mid
detown, IS.
Third Prize Gwendolyn Gary. Mid
dletown, S..
Fourth Prize-June johnson, Middle
town, So. 50 in gold.
Fifth Prize-Elsi Wooleyhan, Cecil
ton, Md, 81 50 in gold.
The judges, Rev. Percy L. Donag
hay and the writer, spent whole even
ing in careful reading and discussion
Of the papers, and even briefed cut the
points of the eight or ten best ones.
The writer's names were covered over
SO that the judges themselves did not
know who the winners were till they
saw their names in print. In one OF the
$50 prizes two essays seemed so
equally good that lots were drawn to
decide.
Four more of the essays were deemed
worthy of special prizes in recognition
of their merits, namely, those OF Misses
Letitia Pool, Grace Brady, Mary At
well and Master Allen johnson.
FogeI & Burstan wish The Transcript
to thank the principal and teachers in
the Academy for their efforts to induce
their scholars to take part in the con-
test.
This matter Of Buying at Home
patronizing home" business men of
all kinds is of the highest Importance,
in fact, the towns very life depends
upon it, and to Aiessrs. Fogel & Rurstan
are due the thanks Of the entire COM
munity for tn ,ir enterprise and public
spirited efforts to give this vital ques-
tion Of "Home deaiing" boost. 1t
could have been wished that other busi-
ness men had also taken part and like
wise offered prizes. Perhaps they will
do so in second contest later.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
Good Police Work

On Saturday night two weeks ago,
our colored officer, Fred Jones, by him.
self arrested two colored men from
Smyrna who were fighting, and put
them unassisted in the lookup.
Thomas Empson was also taken by
him to the workhouse last Monday.
Fred is very efficient officer, and does
his duty without fear or favor,
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
ODESSA

Mr.. Joseph G Brown was visitor to
Philadelphia last week
Fred Armstrong, OF Los Angeles Cal
ifornia is visiting here
Mrs. Lillian Craig and son are visit
ing relatives in Chester, Pa
George Townsend, of Kirkwood.
visited his parents here this week.
Miss Viola Smith, of Newark, spent
several days of last week at home
Fred West, of Bordentown, N. j., is
visiting his sister Mss Emma West.
Mrs Willard f. Spicer, of Townsend,
visited Mr. and Yrs. O. c. Stevens on
Monday.
John Stidham and frenI MIR. jackson,
of Wilmington, spent Sunday with John
West and family.
Howard Morris attended the funeral
of his nephew, William Stewart, at
Chester on Monday.
Mrs. Catherine Stidham is in Phila-
delphia where she will spend the re-
mainder of the winter
Epworth League on Sunday evening
at 6.45 O'Clock. Topic:-''My Attitude
Toward Wy Social Interiors. Leader,
Mir. j. G. Brown. Everybody welcome.
Messrs. Wilson Lattomus, of Town.
send, Frank Jones and Harry White,
of Wilmington, Joseph Golf, of Bear,
and Norman Thomas, of Canterbury,
DEL, spent the week end with Della
ware Lightcap.
On Saturday evening last a surprise
party was given at the home of Mr..
and Mrs. Harry Lightcap, in honor
of their son, Delaware. The occasion
being his 10Th, birthday. Games and
music were indulged in and at a later
hour refreshments were served, a de-
lightful time was bad by all Among
those who were present were: Misses
Karlene and Norma Hart, of Town
SEND, Misses Ida Martin, Emily Webb.
Minnie Armstrong, Loleta Buckson,
Isabella and Viola Smith, Mrs. James
Lee. Miss Mary Lightcap, Mrs. Harry
Lightcap, Messrs. Harry Lightcap,
Norman Thomas, Wilson Lattomus,
Frank Jones, Harry White, Joseph Golf,
Raynor Carrow and Delaware Lightcap.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
Fine Farm Sold
E. B. JOHN,
Superintendent.

Mr.. Robert A. Cochran has sold his
home farm to Mr.. William j. Stats, of
Camden, N. J. Consideration $42, 500.
This is a $50 acre farm, on the
state road and is one Of the best farms
in the neighborhood. Mr.. Cochran has
made it his home for more than fifty
years. He will give possession to the
new owner in Narch, and with his
daughters W Il remove to Niddletown.
H. D. Boyer, Of Smyrna, made the sale
for Mr.. Cochran.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
rendered Variety Shower

A surprise variety shower was given
to Mr.. and Mrs. Fletcher R. Daniels on
Tuesday evening, at the home of his
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. S. j. Daniels,
near Mt. Pleasant. About one hundred
guests were present from Wilmington,
Smyrna, Middletown, Sassafras, Odessa,
Townsend and immediate vicinity.
Many beautiful and useful gifts were
received.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
About The Railroad Tunnel

Mrs. Estelle Cochran Pearson,
Pres. MiddletOWn Parent-Teacher Asso
Middletown, Delaware.
Dear Madam:
We are in receipt of yours of the 25th
instant, enclosing petition of Middletown
Parent-Teacher Association, relative to
foot passageway under tracks of the
Railroad Company at that point, to
which matter we will give proper con-
sideration.
Yours truly,
E. B. JOHN,
Superintendent.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03

We wish to announce to the
public and our patrons that a rep
resentative Of the Hopkins Tailor
ing Co, Baltimore, Md, will be at
The Globe Clothing Store on We'd
nesday and Thursday, Feb. 9TH
and 9Th, when he will be pleased
to show you all Of the latest pat
terms and styles in Mems and
Boys tailored-made spring suits.
Do not forget the date and be sure
and call to inspect bis line.
Globe Clothing Store.
Middletown transcript., 1917-02-03
Asking Too Much

Senator Kenyon opens up a fertile
field of economy when he proposes that
Congress in view of the shortage of
paper, suspend some of it's publications.
Suspension of the "leave to print"
custom in the House would make a
difference in the consumption of paper,
and the observance of care TO print no
useless or surplus government publica:
tions of any kind would make a very
substantial saving.