The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-05-01

growing regions. It is well con- trolled by spraying according to the methods outlined hereafter.
 Bitter-rot: Bitter rot is typicaIly a southern apple disease, and in the re- gions in which it occurs it is one of the most dreaded. It does not appear until the weather has become hot, this date being usually about the first of July, and is one of the hardest of all diseases to control. The routed spots, with the pink or dark-colored concen- tric circles of fruiting postutles, are typical of this disease. The removal of lfmb-cankers and mummied fruits in which it lives over from season to season is an important aid to control by spraying. In the East Yellow New town (Albemarle Pippin) is especially susceptible to this disease. In the Middle West nearly all varieties are susceptible to some extent at least.
 Apple Blotch: This disease begins in the early part of the growing sea son, but is not conspicuous until near ly midsummer. 1t is distributed over the southern half of the apple belt and is to the South what the ap- ple-scab is to the North. It is most de structive in Kansas, Arkansas. Missouri, Kentucky and southern H. linois. It occurs on fruit, leaves and twigs. but is most destructive to the fruit. It appears on the fruit as an ir- regular brown spot with hard rough ened surface and somewhat uneven margin. It grows very slowly and fin ally becomes somewhat sunken In severe cases, especially on certain va rieties, the fruit may finally become badly cracked. Ben Davis, Missou- ri Pippin, and Northwestern Green ing are especially susceptible to this disease.
 Sooty Fungus and Flyspeck: To- ward the end of the summer apples may become covered with large sooty blotches or areas of minute black spots, These diseases do not pene- trate the apple skin at all but injure the market value of the fruit by de- tracing very greatly from its appear ance. These diseases are quite com mon in the moister parts of the Unit ed States and in unsprayed orchards often cause considerable financial loss They are, in ordinary seasons, con- trolled by the sprayings applied for the control of other apple diseases.
 B1ack-rot or Ring-rot and Leaf-spot: These diseases are caused by the same fungus, and are controlled by cut ting out the branches and twigs SUD- plemented by the sprayings recon mendedl for the other diseases. The applications recommended for scab- control will control the 1eaf-spot, and those recommended for bitter-rot will greatly lessen the losses from black rot.
 Spray Schedules.
 Dormant tree spraying: During the dormant period of trees sprays may be used much stronger than at oth. CT times and for this reason are es- pecially advisable for the treatment o1 scale insects, blister mite, etc Alp plications may be made after the leaves have fallen in the fall, durins
 warm days in the winter, or in tn,
 spring before the new growth begin i to appear. Where aphids are trou
 blesome it is often practicable to de lay the San Jose scale treatment un til just as the buds are breaking, an, by adding nicotine to the strong lime sulphur spray effect combination
 treatment for these two insects.
 l Summer Spraying.
 First application Use lime-sul
 phur solution at the rate of 1h gal
 Ions to 50 gallons of water plus
 pounds of arsenate of lead paste Co
 pound of powdered arsenate of lead
 just before the blossoms open. Thi lis for apple scab, the plum curculit
 vankerworms, the bud moth, case
 bearers and the tent caterpillar. Ad 1-2 pint 40 per cent. nicotine sui
 phate if apple red bugs are trouble
 som 'e,and if apple aphids are muc
 in evidence.
 Second applications: Use same spra
 as in first application as soon as tt
 blossoms have fallen. This is for tt ! labove-rnentioned troubles as well { ', for the codling moth and leaf-spo , It is the most important applicatio for both apple scab and the codlir
 moth. In sprayins for the codlir
 both at this time, the aim is to dri, . in thee alyx end of each little apple , quantity of the poison, and, to accon , plish this. painstaking work is nece , sary. Failure to do thorough spra,
 ing at this time for the codling mol cannot be remedied by subsequent al , plications.
 Third application: Use the san
 spray indicated above 3 to weel s after the blossoms fall. This is u . second treatment for codling mo
 and Ieaf-spot, and gives further pr |. lection against apple scab and certa : insects. In orchards in which blot, . has been prevalent this applicatiS : should be made not less than 3 wee
 after the blossoms have fallen. Whe
 this disease has been severe. Bo deaux mixture (3-4-5O) should be su y stituted for the lime-sulphur solutio Fourth application: Use Bordea !. mixture (3-4-50) formula) and
 arsenical to weeks after the pete
 fall. This is the first application f :, the second brood of the codling mo and for bitter-root. In orchards = which bitter-rot has been a serio = disease this application should be a = vanced about one week.
 = Firth applications: Use Bordea II mixture from to weeks after t fourth application. This is the SC ond application for bitter-rot, a = since it is very little extra expense add an arsenical, this may be prof ably done as a further protect 7 against late-appearfng larvae of t codling moth.
 Sixth application: Use Bordea
 mixture again or weeks after t j. fifth treatment has been applied. IT is is the third application for bitter-l J. and is ordinarily sufficient to cal