Norwich bulletin., 1917-07-21
HOW TO TELL
RANK OF OFFICERS
Sleeves, Collars and Cap Visors the
 Distinctive Marks.

Sleeves, Collars and Cap VIsors the
 Distinctive Marks.
 For civilians to- discern at a glance, on meeting naval officers in the streets the rank and corps of the wearers of the uniforms. there are three distinc- tive marks whereby rank may be defi- niteIy recognized-the sleeve, the col lars and in many cases the cap visors- Each of tn three has distinguishing insignia of which an accurate knowl- edge will tell a pretty thorough story.
 According to uniforms reguIat ations of the navy the service coat of all officers is of dark navy blue cloth or serge, shaped to the figure. There is a slit over each hip, extending on the right side five inches from the bot tom of of the coat and on the left side as high as the lower edge of the sword belt.
 The coat is single breasted with a fly front, fitted with plain flat buttons Of black gHtta~ ~eercha, or similar ma terial, and a standing collar
 The collar, edges the coat, side seams Of the back from the shoulder to the lower edge of the skirt and the edges of the hip slits to a point five inches from the bottom of the coat, are trimmed with lustrous black mo- hair braid, 1 IA inches wide, laid on fiat
 Besides this, at a distance of one eighth of an inch, with overland turn three-eights of an inch in diam eter at each change of direction, a narrow black silk braid, ne-third of an inch wide, is placed. All seams are plain.
 The collar bears. devices. indicating rank in the line. as follows:
 Admiral of the navy-Four silver stars of five rays each, the two end stars surcharged with gold foul anchors.
 Admiral-The same, emitting the anchor near the front edge of the collar
 Vice .Admira1-The same as for ad- n1ira1, but with only three stars, and substituting a silver foul anchor with out a star for the gold anchor sur charged with a star.
 Rear Admiral-Tvvo silver stars and a silver foul anchor.
 Commodore-One silver star, and silver foul anchor.
 Captain-A silver spread eagle and a silver foul anchor in the rear o3 the eagle.
 mnander-A silver oak leaf and a silver foul anchor in the rear of the leaf.
 Lieutenant Commander A gold oak leaf and silver foul anchor in the rear of the leaf.
 Lieutenant-Two silver bars and a { silver foul anchor in the rear of the :! bars. i
 Lieutenant (junior grade)-One siI- i yer bar and a silver foul anchor in l the rear of the bar.
 Ensign-A silver foul anchor.
 Midshipman--A gold anchor with a | verticle stock.
 Whenever comparison in insignia is possible silver derotes a higher rank i than gold.
 Cornrcissjoned staff officers. except chief carpenters chief sailmakers, chief pay clerks and chief pharrna- cists wear the collar device as for the line officers with whom they rank, but with the substitution of the proper dnI-in for he
 For example, a member of the l medical corps of the rank of captain would wear on his collar a silver threat eagle denoting his rank with a silver acorn on a spread golden oak leaf in the rear of the eagle. to show that his captains rank is in the medi- cal corps.
 That corps device is worn by all officers of the medical corps, regard less of rank. Similarly other corps devices are: Pay corps, silver oak sprig of three leaves and three silver acorn; chaplains, silver Latin cross; leaf and silver acorn; civil engineers, two cr9;sed silver sprigs, each of two live oak leaves and an acorn; naval constructors, gold sprig of two live oak leaves and gold oak leaf with two silver acorns.
 The corps devices for warrant off1- cers:
 Chief Boatswain Two foul an- chOrs crossed, embroidered In silver, | surcharged at point of crossing with gold ffve-pointed star.
 Chief Gunner-A flaming spherical shell embroidered in silver sur charged at the center with a gold five pointed star.
 Chief Machfnist = A three -bladed propeller, embroidered in silver. sur charged with a gold f1ve-pointed star
 Chief Carpenter-Silver carpenters square
 Chief Pay C1erk-Gold sprig of three oak leaves and three acorns
 Chief Sailn1alzer- diamond Chief PharInacist-Silver cardueceus
 AIate-Binoculars, silver if of more tTa1 % years service, gold if of less tt~- 20 years.
 t-i warrant officers not enjoying the title of chief wear the same de- v'-~- as the chief, but in gold instead -e silver, with the exception that thief pay clerks and pay clerks have Iontfcsl devices-both gold. The dis -3-ctien between the chief pay clerks 7-d rav clerks is that the former we sleeve stripes and the latter D ae. The serni-ofIicial NortFl-Csernar Gazette states that the Ministry of Public Worship has ordered that re- gious instructions in the Polish lan- 'uage shall be resumed in all schools D the province of Posen.