New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

calculations Of the Austro-German politi-
clans were wrong. "And yet" writes spe-
cial correspondent Of "The Manchester
Guardian"
"the calculations seemed sound enough
Had not Poland been yearning for hundred
years to shake of the Russian yoke and be-
come again independent? Had not Polish
legions been lighting in this war side by side
with the two imperial armies7 Was 1t not
reasonable 70 expect that II they got their
INDEPENDENCE the Poles would enthusiastically
rise in defence Of their newly regained ma
tional patrimony against their secular OPP
pressor, the Carbon? Alas for human cal
culations! Though but few weeks pre-
viously hundreds of thousands OF Polish citl-
zens had paraded the streets OF Warsaw and
Lublin in honor Of an Independent Polish
state, the Two-Kaiser Manifesto was received
with battling GOODNESS and even enmity; and
as for volunteers focking In their thousands
to ioin the colors of the new state, the result
was still more disappointing
ain particular, the failure Of the recruiting
campaign was due to the absence OF all con-
fdence In the Austro- German promises.
The 'Frankfurter Zeitung' correspond
ent registers quite candidly: Now, all OF a
sudden voices began to resound throughout
the land demanding that first of all Polisn
government must be constituted, that Pollsh
blood would only be shed for q Polish cause,
and that il was by no means fit and proper
that Poles should fight under the command
Of the Germans. This was the argument OF
the faithless recruiting agents themselves,
who insisted that the Polish army should b.
placed In Polish hands. The Germans found
way out; the army was to take an oath OF
fidelity not only to the Polish state but also
to the Austro- German Allies-for the dura-
ton of the war, Of course. The State Council
fell In with the idea, and fresh appeal was
Issued for volunteers.
"This time tho Germans might have had
more success but for an untoward accident:
the Russian revolution, which swept all 20
land with a wave Of emotion and made every
body regret the separation from the new
democratic republic. The revulsion OF feeling
was unmistakable. There were numerous
demonstrations held by the Left parties, and
the manifesto Of November shrank to mis-
cradle proportions In universal estimation,
The heaviness Of tho German protecting
hand was suddenly felt most acutely; people
began to chafe under the well-ordered, but
exacting bureaucratic regime OF the occups-
ton, and the economic difacultes-especially
with regard to food-which were hitherto
accepted with resignation - tho unavoidable
accompaniment Of the war. were now ascribed
to the occupation Itself.
1.-THE result Of all this was . distinct moral
revolt against the German occupation and all
its promises and measures. Voices openly
demanded the immediate constitution OF
perfectly independent and free Poland within
its historical frontiers (which, some did not
hesitate 70 proclaim, must comprise Lithu-
snla as we'll as Posen), and at . gathering
held At Cracow this demand was formally put
forward In the name Of the entire Polish peo-
pie BY the representatives from Galicia as
well a, from Russian Poland. In vain did
the German-controlleG press combat this new
opposition; in vain did the censorship apply
all It's means TO strsngle every expression OF
opinion in that sense. Nothing was Of any
avail The University, the frst feather In the
cap Of the Austro- Germans. had to DO closed
down, and numerous leaders OF the movement
were arrested. As the army refused TO take
The required oath Of allegiance TO the two
Empires it, too, had to be interned. and even
the Polish Legions had to be taken away from
Warsaw and secreted in the rear NJ the Aus
troGerman lines.
"The reply frst came from the Extreme
Left, the Socialists, whose three member, on
the State Council, including their leader,
Pilsudski. tho organizer and general Of the
Polish legions, whose popularity earned for
him the name Of a second Kosciusko-s man
who from his early youth had fought the
CARBON and had served his term Of I'M
prisonment and exile-resigned their seats.
Then the State Council, fearing the loss of
popularity and authority, addressed remon-
- IL. ...Ak A~t1t
he slevnsss In building up the promised