davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-04-26
Big Elephant Butte
Dam Will Curb the
Rio Grande Floods

The United states reclamation service has COM
nleted by the building of the Elephant Butte dam
n reservoir capable Of impounding S62, 200 00O00OO
gallons Of water. That is to say within an artih-
cia lake 45 miles long and with shore line of
PIG miles, water enough will be stored to be
spread a foot deep an area OF 4,2s5 square
miles, or, II twice that depth, 1t would cover the
state of Delaware. The purpose of this water is
TO irrigate $4,000 acres In four valleys lying be-
low the storage basin In New Mexico and Texas.
While the dam itself is not so high as others In
the United States for a kindred service still the
massveness Of the structure and the capacity of
the reservoir make the project not only the big.
gest thing Of its kind In the United States but the
most ambitious In the world. The famous Assuan
dam In Egypt impounds only two-thrds as much
water and cost S1400O,0O0 more than the Elephant
Butte structure or $19,000000 Elephant butte
Is In New Mexico, about twelve miles west of
Engle, and In order to carry materials to the dam
site 1t was necessary to build a branch railway
nearly thirteen miles long tapping the Atchison,
Topeka and Santa Fe line The government CON
structed this road and operated something like a
fourth of 1t, and in this way saved $4,000 in
freight charges alone
The dam Is built of great rocks buried in a mass
of concrete and blocks canyon on the Rio
Grande. From the lowermost point of the parapet
wall the dam rises 31s feet, and nearly third of
this is below the river bed At Its top the struc-
ture has length Of 1874 feet and on It runs a
fine roadway 1e feet wide. The dam Is 225 feet
thick Mt its base and the entire mass which called
for 10000 cubic yards of material. represents a
dead weight Of 100000 tons. This strength and
inertia are needed to halt the onrush of the erratic
and the torrentia Rio Grande and to hold the
accumulated waters so that they riay be supplied
slowly and safely to the widespread acres reach.
Ing for III miles,
Work was begun in 1911. and half of the sue.
ceeding six years was taken up In preliminary
operations before the great bulwark could be
reared. This preparatory work called for the con.
struction Of great auee to divert the rivers
flow and enormous bulkheads or subsidiary dams
above and below the permanent dam
The climate is an equable one In the region
opened to the farmer. and the soil Is abundantly
productive when properly watered practical
husbandman with $1,000 working capital has 4
splendid chance
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-04-26
Waste Of Mothers Lives and
Health Altogether Unnecessary
Prepared b. cAadr.. Bus.u. U. s. Dsp.nn.a Il l.bo,

quires special skill and training.
Many people do not seem to under
stand that In any case complications
may arise which can be met safely by
prompt and skillful scientific care, but
which at the hands Of an unskilled at
tendant will cost the life of mother or
child or both.
Doctor Meigs admits the difficulties
Of making accessible to every mother
in the United States these essentials
OF maternity care, but she says:
"When women and their husbands are
convinced Of the need Of such care,
and when women demand 1t, physl.
clans will furnish 1t; medical colleges
will provide better training for physl-
clans; and communities, rural and ur.
ban. will see to 1t that mothers are
properly protected"
The difficulties are perhaps greatest
in rural districts. The Chlldren's bu-
reau has had letters from mothers who
are Is. 25, 80 and even 65 miles from
physician, and for whom any trained
nursing has been utterly impossible.
Other countries have been at work on
this same problem. notably New Zea-
land and Canada. From their expert.
ence and from the experience of those
American cities in which special ma
ternity work is being developed, Doc
tor Meigs has drawn up the following
suggestions for a unit of service to
meet the needs of mothers In rural
districts:
The unit would provide a center for
rural nursing service with visiting
nurses especially trained to recognize
dangerous symptoms In expectant
mothers. At such a center mothers
would be able to obtain information as
to the proper care of themselves and
Of their babies. If suitable general
hospital is too remote for use, the
county center should include cot
tage hospital for difficult maternity
cases and for the care of normal
cases when II Is convenient for the
mother to leave her home for confine-
ment. In general. skilled attendance
should be obtainable by every woman
In the county.
Little has been done as yet to show
women that much Of the waste Of
mothers lives and health is unneces-
sary. Even less has been undertaken
by communities to provide protection
for motherhood. Many communities
which have studied their typhoid and
tuberculosis death rates and have un-
dertaken costly measures to reduce
them have been needless of the death
rates among mothers. It is not
strange, therefore, that since 1900 the
typhoid rate for the country as
whole has been cut In half, and the
rate from tuberculosis has been mark
edly reduced, while the death rate
from maternal causes has shown no
demonstrable decrease. But maternal
deaths are largely preventable, and
Baby Week should mark the beginning
Sc definite work for their prevention.
Doctor Meigs' report on Maternal
Mortality may be had free upon re-
quest, from the Children's bureau,
Washington. D. C.
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-04-26

gathered. hauled to market, and made by weight
q bushels to the acre, and brought money value
of $35 per acre.
The planter used to plant the corn was set 70
drop three grains to the HILL and never missed
putting three grains In the hill, but too often
s'oppe4 four grains which made the corn too
thick, and this condition reduced the yield fully
ten bushels or more to the acre But think Of 70
bushels of corn being grown On land that had not
for over 20 years produced more than 20 bushels
to the acre, and this feat accomplished In so short
II time and with so little expense. as the cost of
the vetch seed was but $3.50 an acre.
This experiment with vetch made Mr. Smith a
vetch enthusiast. The following year he planted
ten acres OF better and higher land to vetch and
the yield OF corn on this land after the vetch was
over 30 bushels per acre. the cost of the vetch
seed for this field being only So per acre. Similar
experiments were made with the growing of sweet
corn and potatoes on land that had first been
planted to vetch, and the results were equally
successful.
vetch, according to Mr.. Smith, Is no respecter
of soils. 1t settles down and makes Its home with
the rich poor clay well as the rich or poor
sand and commences its business of soil restora-
ton at once. 1t has terrors of frost or draugh
Winter will grasp It with its hand and hold 1t in
Its ley clasp for months and months and when
the warm sunshine of spring releases It, 1t smiles
with Its freshness of green and continues doing
business at the old stand. The drought of fall,
spring summer will blow its breath upon It, but
II heeds II not and continues its business of stor
ing fertility In the soil as though II being con-
stanty caressed with refreshing showers.
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-04-26

More women fifteen to forty-five
years Of age die from conditions con-
nected with childbirth than from any
diseasf except tuberculosis. Some 49,
600 m FRS lives are sacrificed yearly
to igv Ance and improper care. In
connection with Baby Week, the Chill
dren's bureau calls special attention to
these facts, for three reasons.
l. The life and health Of the mother
are essential to the health and we'll
being Of her children.
2. The majority of these mothers
lives could be saved.
3. The number of deaths among
mothers is merely rough index Of
unmeasured preventable illness and
suffering.
Just how adequate care for mothers
Is to be assured depends. of course, on
local conditions, but DIR. Grace L.
Meigs Of the federal children's bu-
reau, whose special report on Ma
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-04-26

ordinary kitchen table or common sew
ing table with the legs sawed off about
half way will afford untold comfort to
the children ut their work or play. 1t
should be painted white and should
rest firmly on the floor. Low chairs
should also be provided. These may
he pine kitchen chairs with the legs
sawed Off. Added to this, there Should
be some shelves with drawers where
work and playthlngs can be kept with
In easy reach. Such an equipment as
this, In sunny, cheerful room, with
plenty Of fresh air. and warmed In
winter to SO degrees, will provide an
amount Of happiness to the child quite
out Of all proportion to the cost.
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-04-26

without getting his sleeves and the
front of his clothing wet. A stool or
hassock, or even low box on which
he may stand, will save much trouble.
After the babys high chair has been
discarded the child should be provided
with a dining chair which is high
enough to bring his elbows about on a
level with the top of the table, and he
should have stool or a footrest. An
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-04-26

Happy hearts and happy faces,
Happy play In grassy places.
That. Is how In ancient ages
Children grew to kings and sages.
Robert Louis Stevenson
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-04-26
CC1Zy TN7FR TEISH
by Robert Il. .noulton
An enterpnsieg Indiana far
mer followed advice gtuen
by the Department of Agr-
culture and planted sandy
vetcb on dead soil ~

T IS rather unpleasant to see that The
world is being Invited to face the cold,
raw fact of gradually increasing
scarcity of the prime necessaries of
life. Agricultural figures just pub
lished in Rome BY the International
Institute of Agriculture show that the
prppnSS nf Spruppin1 tho unSf aSspu-
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-04-26

lodules. Early in the
rass or vegetation be-
hints were pushing out
by May ] they were
/ the first Of June the
The Raymer enterprise., 1917-04-26

poorest and most rolling two acres of sand land
on the farm Il grew rapidly, and by winter the
ground was so completely covered with its foil
age that was5@hR Of he land was entirely pre-
vented. An Examination of the roots showed them
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-24
GRAIN GOSSIP

Chicago-Plans for further control of trading in corn were considered for over six hours yesterday by the directors of the Board of Trade. Definite action was postponed until this afternoon. Presi- dent Griffin said after the meeting that further corrective action would then be taken
 Board of Trade men last night con strued this to mean that trading in De- cember corn will be either stopped en- tirely or controlled by permitting trading only for settlement.
 Corn traders were stirred up yesterday by the strength and advance in Decem- Der. Late yesterday opinions were mixed. The short interest was cut down by the bulge, but as practically all the sales have been short stun, the interest is believed by some close observers to be larger than generally thought-Herald.
 Look for sharp dip after any bulge in corn.-E. w. w.
 Chicago-Signs of movement of new corn this morning. a number of cars be- ing billed from points in Illinois and Peoria.--Wagner.
 Chicago-Lamson and B. F. Co. selling May oats Armour buying.-Babcock.
 Kansas City wires: Two cars new shelled corn here today test l3 to 1S.5 per cent.-They came from eastern Okla homa.-Wagner.
 Chicago-May corn is oversold, not much pressure on 1t at any time today Babcock.
 Showing hard in Cincinnati and chi- caRo
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-24
Live Stock

Chicago, October 23.-Receipts, 1Sooo; unsetttled; bulk, $1465@162o: light. $1415@ 1925; mixed. $14.45Q1s.6o; heavy, $l4s5@ 1850: rough, $1435@1l6O; pigs. $lo 25@ls 76
 Cattle; Receipts, 1aOoo: steady: native beef steers, $6.S5@17.00; western steers. $590G13.65; stockers and feeders, $6.00Qp Il 70: cows and heifers. A.76@11.75; calves. H.5001550.
 Sheep: Receipts. H.ooo: steady; wethers. $SSo@12.75; ewes. $S.1o@l1.5O; lambs. sl25o @1775
 st. Louis. october es.-Hoes, receipts, 10,700: best hogs 25c to lOc lower: others 25c lower; lights, $l55O616S0; pigs, $la.00@ HOO: mixed and butchers, $16.6ODl6 25; good heavy, $ls.25@165O; bulk $a6.6O916.25
 Cattle. receipts. 6000: higher: native beef steers, $S00016.75: yearling steers and heifers. $7.OoR16 So: cows, $b0o010.60: fair to prime. $6.6Oa115o: Texas quarantine steers. $67501O.50; fair to primo southern beef steers. $s.0o@1z.5; beef sows and heifers. $6.0o@10.00: prime yearling steers and heifers, N.5oQ100o; native calves sS.75 Q1h.5O.
 Sheep. receipts. 2soo; sheep. steady; lambs. 10c to 15c lower; lambs. $13.0O@16.5 80: ewes. $10.50@11.25; wethers. $11. .50012. 50; canners and choppers. $5.00@8.50.
 Kansas City. october 2s-Iogs. receipts, 5000; lower: bulk. $l6oc91s26; heavy, $15.so @1645: packers and butchers. 31525Q15. 45; light. $1A76015.70: pigs. $1400@15.I.
 Cattle. receipts. l20oo: strong: prime fed steers. $1550@1675: dressed beef steers, al. 0oda5.0o; southern steers. $eD@noo; cows. $6.75@10.25; heifers. e. 25@12OO; stockers and feeders. $61@100o; bulls. $600@17.50; calves, $65041350
 Sheep. receipts, 6o00; lower; lambs. sle.25 @a7.25: yearlings, $l2.0001S.50: wethers, s11.Qo61260; owen, $lo.0o6u1 30; stockers and xeederA HtoQ17.&,
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-24
Varying Influences Affect Stocks;
 Cotton Market Advances Rapidly
By c. F. AVERY

The stock market during early hours was favorably impressed by the reopen Ing of the rate case, and rails generally responded to the possibility of the in- creases in freight rates being granted. Later, however, a professional attack on public utilities, especially concentrated on Consolidated Gas, unsettled the whole list, although rails and the steels held very steady under the circumstances. The weakness in Utah copper also weakened the rest of that class of stocks. Cross are numerous In the market and special influences will continue to affect
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-24
CROSS CURRENTS IN THE STOCK MARKET Professional Interests Ac- tive in Depressing Public
 Utility Stocks-Rails
 and Steels Steady

New York, October 23.-Professional in- terests again dominated the stock market today. Conflicting and shifting develop ments bearing upon intrinsic values found further reflection in the lower trend of prices.
 Sentiment was perceptibly encouraged at the outset by the news that the inter- state commerce commission had decided 10 reopen the hearing of the eastern rail roads for higher freight rates. Shares of that particular division made early gains of to points, but shaded upon renewal of pressure elsewhere.
 Utilities as represented by local trac- tions and gas shares soon developed weakness at extreme recessons of 2 to 1 ponits. This invited selling of more sta ble issues, equipments and the general group of war issues forfeiting to point advances. In the last half of the session, when the list evinced some disposition to rally, prices received another sharp reversal under lead of Union Pacific, which made net decline of 2A points to 1201S Other rails moved in keeping and industrials sagged anew.
 OAAleu otdteS Sleel 1luCtudteu petWeci 1o6 and 104as, finishing at 1O5. a net loss of the smallest fraction. Most of the other steeis moved in the same narrow groove, likewise the more distinctive equipments and related specialties
 Metals were held back by the heaviness of Utah Copper, which lost all it's recent recovery, but shippings indicated further accumulation, Marine preferred retaining the better part offts substantial advance
 Liberty 31ss featured the irregular bond market on their steady absorption be- tween 99.72 and 997s. Total bond sales, par value, aggregated $7,150,000.
 United States coupon 2s declined 4 per cent on call
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-24
STOCK GOSSIP

New York-Premier Lloyd George de- clares ke sees no terms as yet that will lead to enduring peace.
 Secretary of War Baker, in weekly review of operations, says allies will not go into winter quarters this year, but will continue drive.
 Interstate commerce commission to re- open rate case and sets first hearing for November 5.
 Government begins nation wide seiz- ure of property either belonging to Ger man government or held in name of en- emy aliens.-Dow Jones.
 New York-We believe the railroads will get an advance in rates when com merce commission takes up the question on November B. Consolidated Gas hurt the market. The weakness in Utah has been conspicuous. We think marines and steels are being well bought.-Hut- ton.
 New York-Otto Kuhn of Kuhn, Loeb & Co this morning predicted substan- tial oversubscription of liberty loan, but declined to say how much. He predicted $250, ,0000 900 oversubscription for the first loan when every one else was blue about it.-Pynchon.
 New York-It has been day of back ing and filling in the industrials and renewed liquidation In the rails. For the past three or four weeks somebody has been marketing UN;on Pacific. The selling today showed it's effect. The announcement that the interstate com merco commission would take up the rate question on November 5 fell flat. Consolidated Gas continues weak and makes new low prices This has had very adverse effect on the feelings of the investments in the country. Ma rines show accumulation. These stocks want to and will go up in any decent market We hear of good buying of steel. There is talk of a distribution at the next period of liberty bonds. The market has become narrow again. but 1t will take big wave of liquidation to bring about the demoralized conditions such as existed 10 days ago.-E F. Hut ton & Go.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-24
SHARP UPTURN EARLY WEAKNESS Cotton After Irregularity is Given Impetus Upward
 By Cold Weather and
 Russian Victory

New York, october 23.-Early irregu- larity was followed by a sharp advance in the cotton market today the feature being the strength of october. That de- livery sold up to 2e.2c, making a new high record of the season, and an ad- vance of los points from last nights closing figures. Trading in other oc- liveries was less excited, but December sold at 27.73c, or 46 points net higher, and closed at 27.64c, with the general list closing steady at net advance of 16 to 95 points.
 The market opened steady at an ad- vance of to 2S points on continued cold weather in the south and overnight buy ing orders. There was good deal of realizing and prices soon turned easier. with December selling off to 27.30c, and January to- 28.65c, during the morning. The disposition to even up long contracts was increased by the fact that tomorrow will be a half holiday and that the cen sus report on ginning prior to October Is will be issued at the opening on Thurs day morning. Recent buyers may also have been disappointed that bullish crop news was not bringing in a broader de- mand, and there was considerable selling here by houses with Liverpool connec- tions. Trade interests were buyers of near months on the decline, however, and the market turned firmer during the art ernoon. Trading in October contracts will end at noon on Thursday and the strength of that position on covering by shorts served to emphasize the reports of firm spot situation in the south and the small supply of cotton available here for rendering on contracts. There were very few sellers of the spot month until it showed premium of about 150 points over December, when offerings increased slightly and there were reactions of a few points. January sold up to 27.2Sc and March to ZIG, or 32 to 47 points net higher
 New York Futures
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-24
COTTON GOSSIP
Weather

Weather
 Cotton region summary: Much colder weather prevails in the northwestern por- tion of the cotton region, with minimum temperatures of 24 to g in Oklahoma, 30 to 36 in Arkansas, and freezing in ex- treme northern east Texas and extreme northern Mississippi. The lowest temper atures over the greater portions of the gulf and south Atiantics ranged from 34 to 50. No rain is reported.
 North Texas: Generally clear, 3S; cen tral Texas, generally clear, 49, west Tex as, clear, A; gulf coast. generally clear, 53; west Texas, generally clear, g; San Angelo. clear, 3S. freeze last night; Chill dress, clear, 34. light freeze last night; Plainview, clear, 25, some frost; Arkan- sas, generally clear, 36; Liuiasana, gen. erally clear, 42; Oklahoma, generally clear, 35.
 New Orleans-Generally fair and colder weather is forecast for the cotton coun- try; freezing will occur in portions of Louisiana. Arkansas and Texas. and heavy frost in Alabama and Mississippi. The crop cannot be killed again, but dam age can result to open cotton.
 Petrograd-British submarines have en- tered the Baltic and are assisting Rus sians. Some German naval losses caused by these submarines.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-24
NEW RESTRAINT ON HIGH CORN Has Decidedly Unsettling Effect on Future Deliv- ery--Prices Tumble on
 Restrictions

Chicago, October 23.-Expected new re- straints upon any ballooning of prices had decidedly unsettling effect today in the corn market. Prices tumbled, then rebounded and later fell again. The close was nervous, at $1 .151a to s1 .15ss De- cember, and sl.1O1s to $1.1oH May, 1ssc off to ssc up. compared with yester- days finish. Oats closed 1sc to N@ssc up. In provisions, the outcome varied from unchanged figures to s1.20 decline.
 Belief that owing to temporary scare ity in elevators here the board of trade directors would formally prohibit all new business in corn contracts that i'm piled December delivery at Chicago led to much general selling of corn to- day, especially during the first and last parts of the session. Holders unloaded freely, but a good deal of the down. ward initial pressure came from shorts intent on making a quick reversal of position as soon as profit could be col lected Many shorts over-reached them selves. as attempts to even up trades caused a swift upward swing that for the most part, however, was not main tained.
 Provisions gave way under scattered selling when the market was bare of support Pork suffered the sharpest veloped as a result of stock yards buy
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-24
New Orleans Cotton

New Orleans, October 23.-Moderate ad- vances were scored in the cotton market here today and some months were carried to record high levels for the contract de- partment Cold weather and the reports of Russian naval successes over the Ger mans were the main influences working for higher prices. although small crop estimates helped the market. At the highest levels prices were about half a cent a pound up. The close showed net improvement of 32 to 49 points.
 In the early trading the market rose 20 to A points on the cold wave forecast for the cotton belt. but soon met liberal offerings, from both sides, and the mar ket fell off to net advance of about 10 points. The strongest period was in the
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-24

early afternoon, when the market bulged sharply to net rise of 46 to 54 points
 Two private crop estimates were issued today, one Of Il, ls6,0o0 bales, not including linters and the other II. 1.ii50o0 bales, ex- cluding linters. from private crop re- porting bureau.
 The market was not very active except for short periods and this was probably due to the half holiday tomorrow, when this market closes at Il o'clock, in ob- servance of liberty loan day.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-10-24
Interior Movement

Interior moyement:
 Houston: Middiing. 27.50c; receipts, 2o.- o9D; shipments, 14.393; sales. 3736; stock, 143, 436
 Memphis: MiddIing, 2s.5oc; receipts. fo,- 365; shipments. 45s1; sales, 800; stock, 97,249.
 Augusta: Middling, H.75c: receipts, e95T; shipments, f076; sales, 784: stock, il5.59L
 St. Louis: Middling. 29c: receipts, 31zf :; shipments. 31OO; stock. 2c52
 Little Rock: Aiiddling. 27.5oc; receipts, 1924: shipments, 6S5; sales, es5; stock, 26, ,2SS.
 Total today: Receipts, A.oe3; shipments, 27, eos; stock, 403, ,5fs.