Evening star., 1917-11-11

SA oA~SS' WOOD nave 1uel
value equal to one pound of coal, ac-
cording to experts Of the forest service.
While different kinds of wood have diff
ferent fuel values. the foresters say
that in general tho greater the dry
weight of a non-resinous wood the
more heat it will give out when burned.
For such species as hickory. oak,
beech, birch, hard maple. ash, locust,
long-leaf pine or cherry. which have
comparatively high fuel values. one
! cord, weighing about 1000 pounds, is
required to equal one ton Of coal.
Weight for weight, however. there is
/ very little difference between various
species. Resin affords about twice as
woods have a greater heat value per
pound than non-resinous woods.
| The available heat value of cord OF
! wood depends also on the amount Of
green part of the heat which it is capa-
BILE of yielding Is taken up in evapo-
rating the water. The greater amount
Of water in the wood the more heat is
lost.
Where wood is to be burned in a
stove or furnace intended for coal it
will be found desirable. the foresters
say, to cover the crate partly with
sheet iron Of frebrick to reduce the
draught. If this is not done the wood
IS wasted by being consumed too fast.
and makes very hot fire. which, In a
furnace. may damage the firebox.
1t Is pointed out. however. that heat
value is not the only test Of usefulness
in fuel wood, and since 95 per cent of
all wood used for fuel Is consumed for
domestic purposes, largely In farm
houses. such factors as rapidity of
burning and ease OF lighting are i'm
portant.
Each section of the United States has
it's favored woods, and these are said
to be, in general. the right ones to use.
Hickory, of the non-resinous woods.
has the highest fuel value per unit vol
ume of wood. and has other advantages.
1t burns evenly and. as housewives say,
holds the heat. The oak comes next,
followed by beech. birch and maple.
| The white pines have a relatively low
heat value per unit Of volume. but have
other advantages. They ignite readily
and give out quick, hot flame. but one
that soon dies down. This makes them
favorites with rural housekeepers as
summer wood. because they are par
ticularly adapted for hot days in the
kitchen The same is true of gray
birch. or white BIRCH" as it is often
called in the regions in which it
abounds.
1t is estimated by government experts
| that approximately one-seventh Of the
| popula ion of the
Americanizing United States is for
| ~, eign born, with very
sne 1AiAehs' large proportion ignor-
! ant of American ideals and institutions.
| and. to that extent. loyal to the country
I of their birth. Never in the history of
| the United States has undivided sup
/ port been so sorely needed. A knowl-
| edge of American government and
what it stands for can only be gained
by the aliens through education, but.
once understood. loyal allegiance to the
country OF their adoption inevitably
| follows.
| Last year the public school authori-
| ties of the United States. working in
| close cooperation with the bureau of
naturalization. maintained night classes
for alien instruction in approximately
| 100 cities. towns and rural commune
/ ties located in every state in the Union.
! The opening of the classes this year
| is accompanied by every assurance, 1t is
stated by officials in touch with this
| situation, of increased attendance and a
material betterment of the results al
ready obtained through this educational
campaign.
1t is the confident belief Of officials