davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18
Has Russia Become Fin
lands Ireland?

;ngruen's Committee In Helsingfors decided
that the measure was Illegal and promised
protection TO the Diet, which assembled again.
Very recently the Diet has declared Fin
land republic, and the Firms are to elect a
President 1t is TO be assumed that the eau
tious Firms have sounded the Russian senti-
meut beforehand, and found it favorable to
this uost important move. 1t is also reported
that Sweden contemplates the seizure Of the
Aland Islands, which, so the report says, are
vital to the defence of the country Certain
" never before the war did they possess this
strategic value. In the Treaty OF Nystad,
Russia bound herself never to fortify Aland,
but the treaty was apparently one OF those
scraps Of paper for which Europe has become
famous During the war Russia built strong
fortresses on Aland IN spite Of Swedish pro-
tests II is true that Russia promised TO RAE
the Notifications after the war, but Sweden
seems TO suspect that this might prove to be
another scrap of paper. If, on the other
hand, we may hope that Notifications every
where will be eliminated after this war, by
the will of the peoples the question Of Aland
changes from 8 strategic problem to CUES
ton of the desires Of the population. As tie
Inhabitants Of the islands are purely Swedish
they would most likely prefer to be united
with Sweden.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18
THE Hunger Crisis in Finland
L Grows Very Alarming

"The very latest news from Finland an
nounces that already deaths from starvation
have occurred there, and that the food situa-
ton looks hopeless. A large amount Of grain
was recently bought up in America and d
sum paid in advance, but now the American
government has refused TO allow It's ship
ment. The Films still hope that negotiati ons
may prove successful; otherwise the death
of thousands may be expected. Even IN
normal times, Finland cannot grow enough
grain TO feed the whole population During
the war the people have suffered terribly
from the scarcity of food, and this year the
frosts have destroyed crops TO the exten:
that they are now two-thirds below normal
The cattle have been killed TO feed the Rus
sian army, and the people in the northern
part Of Finland have lived all summer on
bark bread and fish. In couple of weeks
the lakes will be frozen, which means an end
70 the fish supply. Bark bread is made Of
the soft part Of the pine bark ccambiumD,
mixed with some rye -four. 1t Is black and
bitter. and as it contains little nourshment
no one can live on it alone.
~Tbe Firms are bad advertisers. and hest
tate n publish thsir sufferings abroad. That
IL nerhaps the reason why the world has
taken hardly any notice Of them, or, If re-
minded Of their existence, has treated the
question in half hostile manner The Firms
are called, II not exactly enemies, at least IN
different to the Allies cause, without any
indication given Of the way in which they
have shown their indifference. II they have
declared their independence, is 1t not true
that the freedom of small nations is supposed
TO be one of the chief aims Of the Allies :
Finland has faithfully kept its Obligations
and the declaration of independence does OF
mean any hostility toward Russia. IL only
means that a whole century mas taught 'he
Firms that, for Russia as well as lot rin'anu
to manage its own business VIII De 'ne OeS'
solution of the problem. The finnish peopls
and the Russian people will never be enemies,
md thew can help each other sppreciabiy as
friends. II neither is itching to impose It's
will on the other"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18

the public. No piece is performed until its
minutest details have been completely mas
tered.
"Sone may doubt whether the Jewish actor
Is able to produce plays that deal not with the
Jewish life and Jewish types, but with I'M
familiar subjects. However, / myself have
seen performances OF translated plays from
German. French and Russian which were very
successful. The talent of the Jewish actors
is employed TO best advantage in tragedies
ir-olvirg violent spiritual conflicts.
"The plays Of Jewish authors are frequently
not very extraordinary. AS rule ths dia-
logue is found 70 be more emphatic than the
action Very often, as for example in Nom
be-g's The Family criticism Of social IN
stitutions occupies a prominent place Plays
like The Heirs by sholom Aseh-whose
God Of Vengeance is also frequently pro-
duced-are criticisms OF the negligence or
Jews in regard TO the education Of girls.
The workmens poet, Gordn. adapts me
Faust story in his God, Man and the Devil.
ACTORS like Asro, Miss Alemis, Naehoush,
Schneiur, Kowalsky and Mrs Rivkins possess
such great talent that they are esteemed
By no means inferior to the greatest actors
Of Western Europe"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18
The German Social Demo-
Graf Convention

belongs to Germany which could no more
concede to it the right Of voting on where
it belongs than it could to any other part
Of its territory.
In the further discussion Of peace the
aoortive efforts to hold an International
Socialist congress at Stockholm received
some attention. Ebert said the German
Socialists had hoped that a world peace
would be ushered in by the Russian Revo-
luton; and the memorandum adopted by
the Germans al Stockholm eorresponded
fully with the aims announced by the Rus
sian Workmens Council He thought that
the Stockholm project would have succeeded
if there had been everywhere the same
good will as with the German Socialists;
but the English and French majority
groups we're not inspired by such will.
Referring TO thu refusal Of passports by
the Entente governments Eberts said: IF
our government had ventured TO do such
thing, | frankly say that this would
have amounted 10 challenge for force;
we should have regarded it a duty Of
honor TO beat down this interference with
our work for peace"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18

racial pecuIiarities, can be found especially
in wilma In this city three years ago
young Jewish idealists formed an associs-
ton with tho object Of founding a national
Jewish stage which took for its model the
Moscow Stanslavsk Theatre
THE majority OF the actors Of the Jewish
theatre Of wilma had never received any
professional instruction; most OF them had
begun as amateurs. Nevertheless, there Is
nothing Of the amateur in their acting. One
Of the characteristics Of the Eastern Jew Is
his untiring perseverance. II is this heredi-
tary Characteristic which contributes much
realism to the acting The roles in which
these actors appear whether raftsmen or
fishermen from the Dniester or marriage
brokers. bankers and horse dealers, are al
ways typical and convincing. Furthermore.
thanks 70 his severe self-criticism the jew
7 sh actor adds something 70 his art in every
new play This self-criticism and love o.
work. which show that the players do not
aim merely at popular success, but at the
Interpretation Of the very spirit - the p'av
lead them to study dramas like The Gold
en Chain by peretz. sometimes for more
than six months before they are offered 10
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18

her advantage with China, We have been alb
sorbed with thoughts Of the European con-
fict In consequence most Americans pre-
sumed that matters in the Far East stood to-
dav about where they did year ago, and be
lieved that Japan was still bent upon i'm
perislistic ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
"The manner of making and announcing the
compact did not help matters. There was no
preparation Of the American mind for the
receipt Of this truly epocba international
agreement Various opinions might be- and
no doubt will be, held as to tie propriety OF
this method in diplomacy which causes lOO,-
100000 people to awake In the morning to
find that their destiny has been fixed, or al
least irrevocably affected by a private agree
ment entered into across the table between
Mr.. Lansing and Viscount Ishii. But what
ever ones opinion as to the propriety of the
method might be, it seems impossible 20
escape the conviction that the secrecy with
which the thing was done and the suddenness
with which it was announced as fat &C
compli was not calculated to win the full
confidence of the American public in the value
of the compact, at least at the beginning
There has been no submission OF the agree
rnent 70 the Senate. Nevertheless Mr.. Lansing
cannot escape seeking its ratification By pub
lie opinion. he would be foolish to attempt
IL. The strength Of that compact and its
value in stabilizing the peace between the two
countries depend in large measure upon the
confidence the American people have in IL aud
the feeling Of security it gives them. In
Japanese-American diplomacy Psychology is
probably the highest trump card
That the Lansing-Ishii pact is Of tire
mendous import is the contention Of The
Springfield Republican" which then goes
on to say:
ION both sides public opinion has been mis-
led ard infamed by a deliberately organized
propaganda which In part at least can be
traced to German sources, and the exposur.
Of this trickery brought about by the war has
materially simplihed a good understanding
between the United States and Japan. E.
Perhaps suspicion OF so long growth cannot
wholly be uprooted By an agreement between
governments, but the frankness with which
cur government reports the japanese visitors
10 have spoken should go a long way towar
this result In a few days, Mr.. Lansing puts
IT, the propaganda Of years has been I'M
done"
1.-THE Providence Journal" thinks that
the agreement was necessary for effec-
tive teamwork during the war, adding
that
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18
China Opposes the Japo-American Pact

"The announcement that Japan and the
United States have reached a complete agree
ment' in regard 10 China, and clear under
standing as to military, naval and economic
cooperation in the war, testihes to substantial
results from the visit of the japanese Mis-
sion"
But there Is now, despite all felicity on
the Americana apanese agreement itself,
China's protest to take into consideration.
Quite apart from any consideration Of the
mutual good destined to grow out Of this
Tearing Of the atmosphere, China pro-
ests that she is factor which must be
reckoned with Under the circumstances,
declares "The Boston Transcript
1--WE should not be surprised at the action
Of China II Great Britain and Germany
should sign q protocol by which Germany rec
ognized that Great Britain had special inter-
ests' in the United States we think that
government at Washington which failed TO
protest would not long remain in power The
Chinese have only done what Americans
would do In front of the same situation.
There has been in much Of the comment
which, for partnership In the maintenance
of peace in the Pacific, the government has
conceded to japan protectorate in the prem
ises, an indifference In terms and callous-
ness in tone that Is not creditable to the ma
ton which has gone TO war for the high pur-
pose Of making the world safe for democ-
racy.' II may be possible to defend the new
doctrine in the Far East on the ground OF
military necessity. II may be that japan
threatened Us and that her superior strength
made II o matter Of national interest for Us
to yield in the face OF her threats. II these
are the facts, however, we should pocket our
pride and confess them before the world. We
hould not draw upon the dictionary OF fine
phrases In an attempt to make an abandon
nont Of obligations to China appear In the
eyes Of the world maintenance OF obliga-
lions. That would be playing the part OF
hypocrite among the nations, and hypocrisy
never makes a nation friends.
Sooner or later the whole truth will be
known regarding the genesis Of the new doc
trine in the Far East which japan has set up
and TO which the United States has sub
scribed. We are hopeful that the Senate will
develop some light in that direction soon
aftsr Congress convenes Meantime, let US
remember that we cannot escape history.
Abraham Lincoln said that more than half
century ago.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18
Eirst They Must Be Able
l To Show Passports

DR.. David also had Stockholm IN mind
when ne rejoined 10 the recent declara-
ton Of French Socialists. which promised
moderate peace terms to Germany: Let
them first show that they are able 10 OBJ
tain passports" These words occurred IN
speech Of three hours, which was a re-
port on the parliamentary activity Of the
Socialist group. His speech was eh ely
devoted to peace and internal conditions
that hinder It. He said that, in home
politics, ell other questions must be rele-
gated 10 the background til the Pan-Ger-
mans were put down. They we're already
thinking to select a dictator from the
minority ranks Of the people. He thought
il time to raise a warning voice and said:
THAT would BE course about no uti-
mate results Of which nobody should re-
ceive himself" The Pan German, he said,
had the mistaken idea that Germany could
end the war by purely military means;
whereas he held that Germany would not
be able within two or even three years 10
compel England to accept such peace
as the Pan-Germans want" He added
that the Socialists had warned the row
ernment against unrestricted warfare;
but, now that II had been adopted, Ger
many must continue Il.
The warning tone adopted by David.
which seemed to hint at revolutionary de-
velopments, found counterpart in the re-
mark Of Hoch, another member Of the
Reichstag, who said that If the govern
ments do not make peace, then the people
must make II. Emmel, in advocating the
refusal Of credits for carrying on the war,
said that some country must begin TO
refuse money, and Germany was suited
to take the initiative.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18

NToT ALL is woe and suffering in &C.
e. cupied Poland and Lithuania. The
l. pictorial section of the Berlin
''Vosslsche Zeitung" recently contained
profusely illustrated article on the Yiddish
theatre in wilma, the capital Of Russian
Lithuania, now in the hands Of the Ger
mans. Some Of the illustrations are here
reproduced, and part Of the Illuminating
comment follows:
"Our soldiers have learned many wonder
full things in their advance toward the East
and have become acquainted with men and
objects they had known nothing about or OF
which 3hey had only very vague idea One
Of the creates. surprises, however, for those
who came to Russia and Poland were the
Jewish theatres which they found ever IN
he smallest towns. Societies Of Jewish &C
tors have formed everywhere, and, as adj
mirers Of Jewish art, are producing plays
written By Jewish national authors. Very
often one can find among these actors some
who are endowed with exceptional histri-
onic talent
"a typical Jewish theatre, with all It's
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18

"HINA bitterly protests against the
4 American pact with Japan. The
~ Chinese press, says a Peking dis
patch to Washington, sis violently OPP
posed to the Lansing Ishii agreement rec
ognizing Japans special interests in
China" The Chinese government, In q
note to the United States, declares that
China Twill not allow herself to be bound
by any agreement entered into by other
nations"
This is the weeks chief reaction to the
Acknowledgements agreement 1.-THE
New York World" probably reflects a
large part of American public opinion
concerning it when it observes:
at is natural that offence should be taken
m China over the recent agreement between
the United States and Japan. Rarely, indeed,
do two nations at peace with a third recognize
the special interests of one of them therein
and without consultation with it bind them
selves TO safeguard It's liberty and territory.
Internationally there Is humiliation for
China in all this. but there are compensations.
China faces many perils at home and abroad.
II has not acquired stable government, and
the task of its construction promises 10 be
long and arduous. The Lansing Ishii engage
ment at least guarantees TO the Oriental re-
public powerful protection while il Is working
out its great domestic problems, and to that
extent the compact is an expression Of friend
hin which ought to be welcomed.
at is not pleasant for q great nation 70 be
told that II cannot stand alone, but China
Inows that in its case it is the truth. II will
croft and not lose by the action its neighbors
have taken"
"The Washington Post" strikes an in
teresting note in the following editorial
an confidence in Japan:
complete confidence In the benefits Sc
cured for this country By the Lansing -Ishii
conpaet does not appear 70 have been i'm
roedia.ely accorded by many Americans. Per-
49, This was 20 have been expected. The
snectacular ard aggressive policy OF japan
toward China Throughout 1915 fixed in The
A..or;c,n mind conviction az 70 the ulti-
,rs,s Jspanese purpose which could not be
"rsssd IN A single day or by the publication
20 Lite, from a single japanese statesman.
ysn.n made demands upon China which IN
crs.tion,bly infringed her political inde-
nans.,ce Not without reason, Americans
$500 for ChinA's territorial integrity. since
J.nsn aroused our anxiety by pressing home
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18
Y erensky and His Blood
IL And Iron" Remedy

The young Premier. Ksrensky. came TO
rhlsrd 70 mend matters. He talked pro
isisly and used big words, Announcing that
s.ooe and iron was 20 be his remedy. The
~tent.on was no doubt good, but the result
va lgst the opposite One Of the many psy-
eSleziesl differences between the Russians
s,d TIE Finns worked mischief The Rus
sahs love discussion. the Firms hate II.
ss'sieion grew on both sides. The Social
"nssrsts Of Finland, who had an absolute
aaierity Ia the Diet holding 100 seats out
a total Of 200. voted for Finnish inds-
sn1snee. Two Of the three bourgeois par
q declared that they were for independence
y wisbso the question % be referred 70 the
wang Russian National COngress. Inc
ss.iest bourgeois party, the Young finns'
40 no declaration 81 all In Russia, inc
~aslitgtlonal Democrats, together with
S'at q The NeushsyiN ard few OF the 80.
~ ksyolstionists, declared that they wonid
.ssn consent 70 Finnish Independence. The
~ Of The Msnshsyiki and the Social Keyo-
s''enltts demanded that The question should
y decided A. the Russian National Congress.
~ bslshsvih wsrs for Finnish Independence
= sass. Then the Russian government dis
we The Finnish Diet and fsrbsds Il 70 as
S@sssj but the Russian boidisrs' and Work
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18

TEN.AND has been called Russia's
II Ireland, but recent developments
l. have induced one critic subtly to
uggest that rather is Russia the Ireland
II Finland. This comment is based on
he revolt reported from Finland coinci-
dent with the Bolshevih uprising. First
Helsingfors, the capital, is reported capt
rred BIZ the Germans, several Finnish de-
sehments being listed among the German
forces. It is known that upward of 5000
Firms have volunteered to fight IN the
prussian army against Russia, defeating
themselves to the liberation" of their
tatherland. Later reports say that state
Of war has been declared in Finland, a
zilor has been named Commissary Of Fin
and in place Of Governor General Nelra-
soa ana Russian representation in the
Diet has been completely ignored. How
ever. no one seems quite clear against
whom Finland considers herself ct war.
The Finnish trouble is hardly surpris-
hg news. in view of the number of diff
isrent nationalities included in the Rus
nan Empire, each with It's own separate
rstionalistic demands Of al these Fin
and has been, perhaps. the hardest for
nsw Russia 70 satisfy. For to allow Fin
and what she agitates for-independence
would expose Russia TO an attack by
Germany, who is said to be largely re-
pOusible for the Finnish national move
nent al the present time. In short, in
he name Of liberty Germany to-day is
intriguing in Finland to defeat free
Russia
Comment in the American press on the
Finnish situation, clouded by lack OF
knowledge Of Finland's problems and des-
ssrts, centres around the fundamental de-
nand Of the Firms for independence and
Is to the effect that "here is chance for
The Russians 70 prove their democracy by
assuring the independence Of Finland" A
clear account OF the relations between
rev Russia and Finland, however, is 20 be
found IN "The Nation" for November 8
II a review By Aino Malmberg Of Arthur
essde's volume, Finland and the
fms" Thus:
"one Of the first acts Of the first Russian
Evolutionary government was 20 restore al
ae laws OF Finland which the czars had
roksn A new Governor General, Mr. Stak-
ssTi;eh, who had the reputation Of being q
asefsl minded man, was sent 70 Finland. Mr..
sskhoyi;cn however. started his rule in an
Unfortunate way By Diminishing Finnish OH
Gals and rep acin2 them by Russians. and
also b. allowing Russians Of the old regime
. remain in csHcc, all Of which meant
breach o. the newly restored laws. The
Prns. who are politically one OF the most
si3e-awako nations in Europe, and whom
ofg oppression has made suspicious, at once
altered their attitude. Little pin pncks on
ss.h sides did not improve the situation.
SsTsrtheiess, much could even then have
been done By some understanding and good
III Or both sides
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18
Russia: A Gigantic Boiler

N POLIAKOV LITOVZEV, the new
MI correspondent Of the great
AVAs Russian newspaper, "Russkoe
Slovo," of Moscow, has written for The
New Europe" an article on Russian con-
tradictions, in the course Of which he mar
rates an incident to illustrate the exist
ing mental condition Of the Russian peo-
pie. He writes;
"on my journey from Norway TO England
met an Englishman coming from Petro.
grad knew him as q calm, rather solid
TYNE. lie was a mass of nerves, jumpy and
irritable, and his state Of mind showed itself
h his every word about Russia. arked
him; ny friend, what is the matter with
youY lie replied. oh, life in Russia is
hail. understood him, though would not
recommend him to exhibit his nervous men
,slity as an objective truth In letters to the
oditors OF certain London newspapers. Now
.ske thi. nervous. exeitsbls man, multiply
rim by one hundred and fifty million and you
1et Russia, q gigantic boiler full Of SETTLING
d.eontsnt, excitement, anger and fury"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18
Dlans for Bringing Union
L Into the Party

The question of internal liberal reforms
was also much discussed. The most i'm
portant internal question that came be-
fore the convention was the adoption Of
some plan for reuniting the party. None
Of the Haase faction of Independent
Socialists In the Reichstag was present
st the convention. Not few members
thought that the old organization should
take active steps toward closing up the
split In the party, and at least dozen
resolutions looking toward that end were
introduced. 1t was even proposed to
appoint committee which should under
take to win back the seceders. But
Scheidemann and other leaders opposed
going so far, inasmuch as the seceders
had not shown the slightest inclination
10 come back.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18

TOT ALL is woe and suffering in &C.
81 cupied Poland and Lithuania. The
rtc+ori,l uoctiop of tho Berlin
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-11-18

To the right
Nachbusch as the
Fisherman In the
Drama "Vllage
Youngsters" (He
plays o | d mems
roles at the Jewish
Theatre In Wlna)