davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-12-23
Intellectual Leaders
OF Serbian People

We can realize more the significance
OF the trial il we remember that alf
the accused were Serbians who played
a prominent role in the intellectual life
Of Bosnia. As TO their profession, there,
were among them seven deputies to-
Parliament, twenty-five professors IN
secondary institutions and universities,
nearly thirty priests and many physi-
clans, engineers, lawyers. university.
students and prominent business men.
Almost all of them were actively en-
gagged in the work of educating thel
masses by founding and directing edu-
cational societies, by giving public lectr
ures to The people, by organizing cse.
brations of national anniversaries and
taking steps toward arousing national
consciousness among the Serbfaf
masses in nia-Herzegovina.
OF course the Hapsburgs were not
pleased with the activity of these Ser
ban leaders. They preferred that their
Serbian subjects should remain in ig-
norance, for they know that enlighteh-
ment among the people they had SUBJ
dued by force meant the awakening of
their national spirit and with it the
demand for emancipation from the
Hapsburgs. And so it became the pol
lev of Austria TO arrest and p<QseelLe
under any pretext whatever tho iead-
ers among'her Serbian subjects. These
summary arrests and trials were very
frequent in Bosnia-HerZegovina during
the last few years.
The Banaluka trial differs from the
former ones only in that more promi-
nent Serbians we're involved in II than
in the others.
The 1855 Serbians were arrested inn
mediately after Austria's declaration OF
war on Serbia. But as the Austrian
government had no proofs to- sub
stantiate its charges OF high treason
and leze-majesty the men were kept
in prison for fifteen months till Aus
tria finally manufactured some docu-
ments, which were in the form OF
diary that was supposed to have been
written by Serbian, Major Todoro-
witch, who was on duty at the western
Serbian frontiers from 1911 till 1914.
The Austrian government claimed TO
have found the Todorovitch diary dur
ing the Austro- German invasion OF
Serbia in 1918.
The diary shows that Major Todoro-
witch had been in communication WIN
Serbians In Austria and that he had
served as an intermediary between the
Serbian Narodna 0dbrsna Society and
the Serbs in Austria. Now, the fact Is,
as has been proven by many Serbian
scholars, that the Todoroyitch Journal
was not of Serbian origin at all, and
that it had been especially manufac-
tured by some one who was little
familiar with the Serbian language.
Nevertheless, the Austrian government
insisted on the authenticity of the
document and the court based it's pro-
ceedings on this diary.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-12-23
Allies Well Up
in Bombing Work

One more aerial activity which can
be discussed Is bomb dropping. We
hear great deal more about the Ger
man attacks than those carried out by
the Allies, because the Germans have
the habit of attacking towns where
women and children are killed. They
seem to prefer this rather than rail-
road centres, ammunition dumps and
otaer military objects, which are the
only targets for the Allied airmen,
except when they are engaged in re-
prisals. The French have been much
moxe free 10 adopt retaliation than
have the British, and as a result their
unfortifed towns are now suffering
very little.
In the early days Of bombing il was
customary for the pilot Of a bomb
dropping plane to remain at a con-
siderable height, 5000 or 5000 feet,
when getting rid of his dangerous load,
but we have found that bombs dropped
from this height accomplish very lit
tle. Of course, for purposes of killing
women and children this is all right,
but n man who has definite military
object in view, such as destroying a
railroad train or switch yards, must
get much closer to his target il he
wants 10 make sure of hit. Allied
airmen will now get within 500 or 900
feet of the ground, risking the fire Of
the anti-aircraft guns in order TO get
the Utmost good out of their loads Of
destruction. | think l may safely say
that we do.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-12-23
FirsfThere Is an
Attack on the Sausages

The observation balloons are the first
object of an attack whenever an adj
vance movement is contemplated, or
in fact when any other important
manGuvre is about TO begin, as their
destruction goes a long ways toward
bllIding the enemy and destroying the
power of its artillery. When the great
Somma attack was about TO begin last
year y concerted drive was made by
the Allied planes from the Channel to
Switzerland against the observation
balloons on the German side, and II
has been reported that, while they did
not get every one, they did succeed IN
keeping them out of the4air for nearly
three days, thus greatly increasing the
chance of the surprise which was con-
templated by the Allied troops.
An observation balloon is most diff
cult 20 attack because of the protection
afforded by anti-aircraft guns. These
are carefully trained TO cover the air
Immediately around the whole balloon.
The reception the aviator gets when
ven.uring too near a sausage can best
be imagined. In addition the big bags
are built in compartments, which the
ordinary bullet merely pierces and
does not destroy, and even the de-
struction of two or three compartments
will not break down the balloon.
Therefore, aviators attacking them
always use ;ncehdiary bullets, hoping
to set fire TO ard explode them. In
ordinary erial warfare cur machine
gun belts are loaded with one so-called
tracer" or luminous bullet TO fire
ordinary shot, so that the little trail
Of fire will enable US TO tell where our
bullets are landing, but for use against
gas bags the incendiary bullets are
substituted. and these are so delicately
made that they will explode when they
strike the silken cloth and rubber COW
erings Of the bag.
One of the most amusing instances
| saw recently on the West front was
an attack by two German scouts ,Sn a
Belgian sausage. This balloon, inltead
of being anchored TO a windlass. as
usual, had motor truck equipped with
a windlass for its anchor. The anti
aircraft guns suddenly announced the
presence of enemy planes by their ter
rife cannonade. The Boche, however,
came through their fire, diving straight
/ at the balloon from above. They got
so near that for fear of hitting the
balloon and observers the anti-air-
craft batteries had To cease firing. I'm
mediately the two observers made their
/ leap for life and seemed to fall hun
dreds of feet before their parachutes
opened.
/ They then went swinging through the
air, their legs dangling and kicking
most ungracefully. The motor truck
started up the road at full sReed, with
the balloon trailing behind 1t, at the
same time the windlass wildly began
to wind in on its tether. The balloon
was actually pulled "out from under
| the Boche and left them open target,
| for the anti-aircraft battery. These
Immediately resumed fire and brought
one of the Boche down. This means OF
controlling and moving balloons is
rapidly being developed.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-12-23

a steel car, equipped much like the
radio room on a battleship. are two
observers, with high-powered field
glasses. Their distinguishing fitness
for their job Is that they are expe-
rienced parachute jumpers.
The balloon itself is nowadays an
chored TO an electric windlass on the
ground, So it can readily be pulled
down in case of an attack by Hun
planes or IL the Hun artillery hnds
its range. The bags are never debated
when they wish TO descend, but are
pulled down by this windlass and let
up again as soon as the danger is over
They generally have 1000 or 5000 feet
of cable, and rise very quickly when
they are let out.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-12-23

operating with the artillery has been
frequently. commented on, but perhaps
few details Of the way the work is
done may still be Of interest. The
avions used for this work are BIZ
planes, and are often of an old, slow
type, since they are not supposed to
fight and depend on the chase patrol
for their protection from Boche planes.
They are equipped with wireless out
fit, the sending aerial trailing out be-
hind. Beside the pilot each carries an
observer, a man Of the highest intelli-
gence anSof long training in the deli
cate work he has to dorado work,
signals of all kinds, photography and
map reading.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-12-23
Each Shot at Each
Target Is Reported

Every salvo that is thrown by the
battery to which the avion is attached
must be reported-and remember that
the plane must report shots from one
particular battery when there may De
hundreds of guns at work every mile
Of the front under its observation. The
target at which il is shooting must be
known exactly. and the exact distance
Of the shots from the target and the
direction in which the miss was made
must be reported. While the avion re-
ports TO the battery by wire less. very
few planes have yet been equipped with
a receiving apparatus, and SO the DAT
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-12-23
Taking Part in
Infantry Attack

The other class OF "laisson d'infau-
trie" work is even more exciting,
though probably less important. This
is assigned TO the "chasse escadrilles"
as their part of the attack. 1t is TO
participate in the actual attack on the
Huns. The damage done is perhaps not
so great in the actual number OF men
killed as it is in the confusion and in
fury to the morale of the Boche and
in the encouragement IL gives our own
troops. In this work the pilots will
often be from six to ten kilometres
back of the enemy line, attacking the
reserves, who are frequently not under
trench shelter. They specially delight
in diving with machine guns, popping
against any bodies Of troops they can
catch in the open.
Also they are assigned TO attack
certain airdromes back of the enemy's
front, to demorGlize them and prevent
their planes from getting in the air.
So il is that on the morning Of an at
tack each escadrille has certain
ground 20 cover, certain detectives TO
meet and certain men 10 fight. One
can imagine the excitement and con-
fusion of the enemy who has 70 CON
tend with these aerial dangers as%ell
as with the attack on the ground. "
is a form of warfare which the German
has so far not attempted exeeet In
isolated instances.
The biggest game that the pilot
hunts is the sausage balloon. The
Western front Is continuous double
line of these balloons, stretching from
the Channel to Switzerland. They are
used for observation work Of the
enemy's first, second and third line
trenches and are sent up anywhere
from one to three miles back of the
front trenches on each side. In the
nacelle. or basket, of the balloon,
which. by the way. is in the latter
types no longer a wicker basket, bu.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-12-23
The Dove Does
Her Bit in War

In passing, tribute should be pa
IN The work the carrier pigeons have
done in this war. They are the mes
sengers of thousand uses, and many
tbonsands OF them have been killed
since every soldier will, II possible
bring down any that he sees. II the
birds message is for his own general
II can quickly be forwsrded-when it
Is Tor the Boche there has been a con
siderable gain made, for we learn what
his spies know and perhaps keep his
commanders from learning It,
Portable doyecotes. built TO house
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-12-23

terry has 20 communicate with the plane
in regard TO any change of target, ETC.
by means of what is known as the
panel and shutter code This IS an
elaborate signalling dSyice developed
during this war, whicl2Rcates targets
By means Of seriq plumbers on
the map the observer Ies with. him.
When he has centred1e fire OF one
battery on the target assigned, tne
ground signals give HIM new target
and he begins work all over again on
that.
These artillery regulating pilots and
observers work in two-hOur shltts' YAK
inc the air twice each day. They keep
up their watch throughout every pom
bardment. stopping only on the appear
ance of their relief. which is generally
another plane from their own esca-
drille. They always know what pllot
is TO relieve them, when he is due, ana
when that time comes they signal down
that they are going home. At TINS
change OF shifts many humorous adleus
are wired down-many Of them rather
grim, for the boys will not take. lie
and death very seriously. Inc ooser-
walton planes do their work at low
attitudes, from 5000 to 7,Ooo rect,
whereas the chasse pllots 90 al 1noHo
above 10000 feet and often as hign as
10000.
incidentally, one of the greatest air
dangers comes, not from enemy planes
or from anti-aircraft guns-the ehasse
planes are far beyond the reach OF
these little beasts-but from the high
angle shells of their own and enemy
guns fired at other targets, often FAR
behind the lines. The howtzer shells
often reach height of miles at the
top of their trajectory, and the hght-
ing, as we'll as the regulating planes,
are right in their paths. 1t is Gu
rious thing that pilots are very often
able to see the shells as they pass by.
myself have often seen them clearly
enough to recognize their size and
shape.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-12-23
There Are Some
That Never Fight

To every corps Of the French army
there is attached one escadrille which
/. not expected either to drop bombs
or 70 hght-except in self-defenee.
This is the "escadrille d'armte," which
works in connection with the lntelli-
gence Bureau. This bureau does moth
ins but seek information about the
enemy. Part Of the work the esea-
drille does, Of course, is 20 scout and
take photographs. But-ths Intelli-
gsnee Bureau controls the spy system
Of France, and make no mistake, the
french land the British) spying is as
active and as successful as the Ger
man, even il il does not proclaim itself
90 loudly. One Of the hardest prob
lens facing a spy system is 70 get its
men through the enemy lines. Does
this suggest any unAdvertised activity
by the seroplsnes?
It frequently happens that an aviA-
tor is called on TO undertake some
mysterious duties outside his regular
limo OF work, duties involving extra
hazards and special knowledge, which
are called missions extraordinaires."
Let ne tell Of one that came within
ny own knowledge-one that happened
too long ago for the facts to hurt any
enc now. The Germans are doing the
Ears thing and know we are doing It.
Ths emily thing is to catch each other
AZ il. That sometimes happens.
Adjutant Batcheler Of my escadrille
had q call for $3.50 one morning. lie
Vas the pilot Of our biplane (two-
telttr) Sphd. Two other boys who
were chase (hunting plane pilots
we're also called for the same hour
None Of the rest of US knew Of the
reason for the call, nor the probable
mission, though some Of the elder
hsaos may have suspected. / was new,
naturally curious, and got the pilots
Who had been detailed 70 waken me
when they went out IL was still dark,
~ course, with a few stars twinkling,
When we left the barracks and walked
through the trees that concealed them
across 70 the hangers. The mechsn-
ieisns had the biplsne and the two
nononlEnes already wheeled out.
was surprised to find my captain
hi'nsef on hand. The pilots donned
Asir fur suits and climbed into their
seats. The meohanieisns started the
motors and let them run until they
warmed up. In the fitful lantern light
made cut a Walloon peasant-one Of
the two types into which the Belgian
PEASANTS are divided. The French
spesking Flemish are the other, while
The WAlloon speaks Germanic dialect.
He vas standing in the shadow Of one
o. the hangers, dressed in the usual
peasant costume, with wooden shoes,
sreeehes, cap and jacket Characteristic
OF the race. lie was a hunchback.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-12-23

found the cook had a pot Of coffee
boiling. and sat down TO cup OF II,
still wondering. Finally, instead Of
going back to my bunk. decided to
wait till the machines returned and
see il there was more to be learned
II was fully an hour and half when
they reappeared-remember, these ma
chimes can travel over $50 miles an
heur-and as soon as the pilots re-
turned TO barracks | nailed them. |
was all questions, but Batcheler, with
cryptic smiles, was inclined TO be reti-
cent
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-12-23
Avions' Work Now
Touches All Kinds of
Army Activities -
Many of Fliers' Func-
tons Little Known
Here
~ Lieut.. Bennett A. Molter,
F. A. F. c.

rc.--rsht 1917. q, TIE tribune AssoestiOnl
2, the esrly days OF the great war
~, Only occasionally that the shad-
80 ~ the Avion flashed across tbs bat
r.seld To-day there is no busy sec
"a, Of the long battle line where
,,sn with good glasses on any clear
S,v cannot see half hundred war
,,-s, soaring above him. And this is
,p,v the most obvious indication Of
1,v the shadow Of the Svion has
,nr,sd over all the operations Of the
struggle.
with thousands Of the best brains Of
n. world sgonizing fer any least ad-
vantage that may aid against their
,,,nj.s Il was inevitable that they
sought every possible means Of en-
,,ovins this newest engine Of war
hat each hoped in some way or other
20 outthink and so Outright the foe
rith this untried weapon. So the aero
slsps has come to be used in number
La. ways Of which the lsymsn has
only the fsintest inkling-wsys which
have made 1t an assistant, at least, In
every branch OF the service.
Many Of these ways cannot yet be
tslL There arc some which we Of the
Allies still believe we have kept from
the Hun. Possibly there are some, too,
in which hs has outguessed US. But
even OF the methods which ars known
and used by both sides, or could be
used II the German had the hardihood
which eur men have shown, are sew
oral which are almost unknown on this
side Of the water. Most people here
seem 10 have the idea that an svistorG
only duties are 70 fight other aviators,
70 drop bombs and to DO observation
work. The understanding Of even these
few duties seems 70 be very hazy, and
there are many beliefs about them
which seen queer 20 pilot
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-12-23
Planes Drop Spies as We'll as Bombs;
"Sausages" Are Their Biggest Game
THE AEROPLANEs BIGGEST CAME-Tl4E SAUSAGE BALLOON

baskets hanging the big enemy
by watching the work behind the n
ndng his balloons
one of the big bags chekerboad pattern acting camOuag
above is an observer basket wndlass truck
such as Lieutenant Molter describes in this article .
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-09-06
Photop1ay, Joan The Woman
Is Essentially Patriotic Production

"Joan is not dead, she can never
die" that is the keynote of Joan The
Woman" featuring Geraldine Farrar
which opened at the Isis yesterday, 1t
is the indomitable spirit of the
French, a spirit which knows no de-
feat If the Maid of Orleans was
glorious then, her undying fame is
but enhanced by the French of today,
who, perpetuating the spirit and SUI
preme sacrifice of the peasant Girl
of Domremy, struggle of Nivelle. de-
fender of Verdun, who said They
shall not pass"
"Joan The Woman" is an essential
ly patriotic photoplay, and as such
we'll merits the success it has at
tanned But its popularity does not
stand upon that ground alone. nor
upon the perfection of mechanical
detail, or acting, but upon an I'M
usual combination of plot, action,
character portrayal and superb pro-
duction, which stamp it an once a
masterpiece of cinema art.
Farrar as the Maid of Orleans sur
passes her own standard of character
portrayal and achieves brilliant sue
cess Il a most difficult role. To pres
ent the life of simple peasant maid
en-, called by her voices" to lead the
armies of France to victory, and vet
retain a nicely of feeling, a delicate
shading of character, which prohibits
a too martial pose, is perhaps as diff
ficult a task as actress ever under
took That Miss Farrar does that
very thing is all that need be said for
her part in the cinema opera.
But cast of so MANY characters
cannot stand alone on the ability of
one, and in this too, "Joan The Wo-
man" excels As Eric Trent. an
English Invader, Wallace Ried is ex-
cellent. as is the portrayal of Cau-
chon, Charles VII, and the other prin-
cipal figures.
That there should be some errors
in spectacle so immense is. of
course inevitable, and its immensely
is perhaps one of them. That there
should be slight drag to the action
is regrettable. but it is apparently due
to the length of the battle scenes
when the Maid defeated the English
before Orleans.
As a whole "Joan The Woman" sets
a new mark in the film art, a mark it
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-09-06
Revival SERVICE
|AT MOL|NO CHURCH

Molino, Fla, Sept. 5.-The revival
services which are being held with the
Baptist Church at Molino are exciting
a good deal of interest. Rev. j. A.
Ansley, pastor of the First Baptist
Church Of Pensacola, is preaching
most excellent sermons and is ably
aided in the services by the eSteemed
pastor of the church, Rev. /. |. Rob-
erts. A number of additions have
already been received to the church.
Thursday afternoon at three o'clock
there will be a special service at the
church for children. Before the
close of the meeting the church will
hold conference to elect a pastor
and other officers for the ensuing
year. The Molino church would be
glad to have as many people of the
town and surrounding country attend
the services as can de so. A hearty
welcome awaits them.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-09-06
A DAILY LESSON IN HISTORY.

One Hundred Years Ago Today.
1S17-Alexander [. Gait, famous
Canadian statesman. born at Chelsea,
England. Died in Montreal, Sept. 10,
1893.
Seventy-five Years Ago Today.
1842-Melville E. ingalls,, for many
years president of the "Big Four"
railroad system, born at Harrison,
Me. Died at Hot Springs, Va, in
1914.
Fifty Years Ago Today
1867-Brazil opened the River
Amazon and some of its tributaries to
the merchant flags of all nations.
Twenty-Five Years Ago Today.
1892-Eleven new cases of cholera
and one death reported on ships quar-
antined in New York harbor.
One Year Ago Today in the War.
Sept. 6, 1916-Bulgar-Ge German in
vaders took 10000 Roumanian prison
ers; French continued their attack
along the Somme, and captured sew
eral German trenches; Greek in Crete
reported in revolt against King Con-
stantine's rule.
The Pensacola journal. (Pensacola, Fla.) 1898-1985, 1917-09-06
SEPTEMBER 6, 1917.
One Hundred and Fifty-First Day of
America in the War.
LAFAYETTE'S BIRTHDAY.

This is day to be held in reverence by
all Americans.
It is the one hundred and sixtieth ami
versary of the birth of Marie Jean Paul
Roch Yves Gilbert Motier, Marquis de
Lafayette, peer of France and nobleman
of the world, who, following high ideal,
came to the succor of America when sorely
pressed in its struggle for independence.
America can never fully discharge it's
debt to Lafayette-will never wish to feel
that the scale has been balanced. And
France will ever feel Our obligation was
more than met when the American escad-
rifle reported for service in the struggle of
France for life as free and independent
nation. a tender sentiment will ever bind
the people of the two countries.
Such ties are rare indeed, between people
of different tongues and the affection of
France and America is one of the most
beautiful incidents of modern civilization.
The name of Lafayette will ever be the
symbol of that overwhelmingly perpet-
uated by the Americans who are to make
French Mount Vernon of his birthplace
and glorifed by observance of his natal day
in this country, to which he gave his SER
vice that we might, more than a century
later, aid in the preservation of France