davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-03-12
ALL SHIPS
To HAVE
GIJNNERS
viii Install New Electrical In
V8ntiOnS, Possibly Will
be Smoke Screens,
BY CARL GRoAT

GUutted Press STAN correspondent
WASHINGTON. D. C. March 12.-The
armed guard" for United states ships
VIII be the American navy gunners-
The official statement shows too that
1T is the intention Of the government to
arm. not only passenger steamers but
also to provide guns and navy gunners
Ter munition ships.
The statement to the foreign diplo-
mats declared up definitely the question
of whether navy gunners would be used.
The state department holds that the
presence of these aboard will not give
the vessel the status Of warships.
The vessel becomes warship only
when used definitely for purpose, the de-
partment ruled.
The state department held that re
fContnued on page twoB
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-03-12
Latest
Bulletins
tBy l nited PrcSs.l

WASHINGTON. March I2.-An
EARNED guard" for the protection
of vessels and lives of persons
aboard will he placed on all ATncrI-
can merchant ships sailing throa-h
Germany's barred area. the Sgatc
department today notified ali for
eign diplomats in this city.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-03-12

PARIS, March II. - '-Frrther
saias" we're reported by the war
offirc statement today as acfie1-
cd by French forces la the region
OF 'Iai~S9a. Champagne durias the
night.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-03-12

Cloudy tonight and Tuesday; prob
ably rain or snow ny Tuesday or after
noon or night. Not much change in
temperature. Lowest tonight near
freezing. Fresh northeast winds.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-03-12
BABY DIES

Hiram VIM. colored. 1882 N4shins-
ton street. Il months old child Of Mr.
and Mrs. John VIM who died SuudaE
was buried at Gary oak Eil. cemetery
this afternoon.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-03-12
NOTICE TO READERS.
At the request Of the United States
Government TIE TIMES newspapers

Z o q a y
a n d I'M
til pei r
m lit q d
TO h Q
contrary
p j a c g
t h e m
o e / v 9 s
under a
self In
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-03-12

A main building oE the .s.ecsr-o
light company crunlbled Ike & saas5
of cards. Nearby gigantic s-slese-
stack didn't lose g steadyins .rire.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-03-12
TERRIBLE
TRAGEDY At
NEWCASTLE
Scores Die and Others |
Buried In Ruins Of indiana
City Today.
Many Odd Franks
in Indiana lorna L

TIE wind seemed to zig 81
through one stretch Of territory
Alternate houses were wrecIed.
Those LETT standing didn't loss even
a window.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-03-12

A pair OF trousers were wEisked
from one house near the resiIeT.ce %
former Mayor Barnard. Their oVaer
found them, without a speok .. dit
on them, and neatly creased. hang.
ing by tie st1speRders II tl-e to1 ot
tree several blocks away.
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-03-12

.contInued on &C 81
The Lake County times. [volume] (Hammond, Ind.) 1906-1933, 1917-03-12
BICKDRAPED sTEED FOLLOWS FGHTG FREDn on MARCH

Continued on page twoD
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05
HUGHES L|EPIA STOVET|
SALE PREzIDENTO. /

New York. = Buves re-
publikOnQ partijos kandida-
tas j Suv. Valstiju preziden-
t1ls, Charles Hughes, kalbe-
damas j Brown universito
allumnrspas axe, jOgci situo
svarbiuOju momentu ameri-
Romans pilieciams nereik
skirstyties i partijas. Reikia
butt vienybeje, stoveti Sale
prezidento ir klausyti jo vi
s'l patarimu. Mes kar6 SUI
Eokictija n6ra kokie tai juo
kai.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05
DANIJAI DIDELIS
PAVOJUS.

Copenhagen. = Nuo yo-
kleclu nardanciu laiviu bio
kados baisiai daug lures nu-
kenteti niekam nekalta Da-
Mia. Pirm sitos blokados
Danija anglis parsigabenda-
vo IS AnglijOs, o gyvulius ir
vlsOki maista = is Ameri-
kos. Dabar tam visam uzda-
ryta kelias. Danijos zibalo
lSempanija pranese, jogei
Jai angliu pakaksia tik. vie
mai savaitei. Paskui sostine
II kit miestai naktimis tu-
ADS butt tafhsnjA naniios
keli garlaiviai vyriansybes
lsaktmu sulaikyta mamie
arba Anglijos uostuose. Yra
pavojinga juos pakisti vo-
kieciu laiviu torpedoms.
Zymiausieji Sales vyrai
atlaiko konferencijas su W.
rlausybe. Tariasi. kaip atei-
tyj apsaugoti Sail nuo bado.
Podraug rupinasi, kad io-
kin budu neuzkabinti vokie-
ciu. kurie siandic plies vi
sus vrapasiren ge stOti kadir
su peiliais.
Pasitikima. iogei greitu
laiku tures ivvkti taika Eu-
ropoje. Ir todel manoma
siaip taip pragyventi lig1
tOs laimingOsiOs dienOs ir
valandos. kuomet paliaus
griOvusios armotos.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05
LAukIA lYRIAUsyBEs
PATARIMO.

New York -Vietos uostte
stow daug sgarlaiviu, pri-
ruostu plaukti ii Europa.
Bet ameri46nines linijos
kompanija hijasi tn laivp
paleisti sker$a Atlantlka be
vyriaasyBess (9sl
tenational Mercantile Mar
me prezidentas pasiunte
valstybes departamentan
paklausima, kas reik. tue
reikalu daryti. Bet kOl-kas
nesulauke atsakymo. Rasi,
Washingtono vyriausybe
neps visai neleisti plaukti
laivams, arba plaukiant pill
dyti Vokietijos paredymus.
Galima tiketies visako. Is
Sito uOsto be jokiu patarimu
siandie isplaukia j Liverpool
tiktai garlaivis est. Louis" :"
Sito laivo kapitonas igno-
ruoja vokicciu blokada.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05
KA SAk0 AMERIkOS V0.
K|EC|y LAIKRASC|A|.

New York. = Paskutines
Vokietijos notos reikale A
merikos vokieciu laikraSciai
kuOne vienOdai atsiliepia.
Sake, jogei ant gallo pa
smaugtas Anglijos paseli-
mas ir brutaliSkumas. VO-
kietija surado tinkama ina
gi nubausti anglus uz ju ne
ispasakyta ziauruma Sio,
kares mctu. Anglijai pas,-
baige laimes dienOs. Jinai
dabar atkirsta nuO Ameri-
kos, Australijos ir Indi.j,l.
Ncgaus is niekur nei duOnos
nci amunicijos. I seSis me
nesius Anglijos gyventojai
Mrs badumi, jei Xxi to Iaiko
Anglijos vyriausybe nesu-
tiks taikinties. Tai Anglijai
pamoka uz tai, kad jinai me-
gino badumi iSmarinti ~
milijonu vokieciu.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05
JAUN|M0
D0MA|!

Prakilnus jaunimas gyve-
ma idealais. Jis trOkSta kuO-
daugiau gero nuveikti. Su
tuO tikslu nemaza lietuviu
jaunimO dalis AmerikOje su-
sitelke i "Lietuvos VyGiu"
sajunga.
Tos sajungos tikslas yra
labai augstas ir garbingas.
tarnauti Dievui ir tevynei.
lr nemazai vyciai darbuojas
toje dirvoje. Bet jq dar-
has, simteriopai bsls naudin-
gcs11is, jgi Jfe INNS ne rex
teatru ar losimu, ku1ie taip
labai iejo j mada, kick kito-
kin naudingu veikimu.
TuO mes nepasmerkiame
dorl notwithstanding, kaip
tai placiau iSaiSkinome
''Draugc' No. 81 s. IN. TuO
mes nol'ime tik pabrezti,
kad teatrai, loSimai ir IT,.
neuzimtu pacia svarbiaja
veikimo vieta.
Visupirmaja vieta turf uz-
init pasidarbavimas katali-
kiSkai tautiSkosios kulturos
dilvoje.
Kadangi kaikuriems nezi-
nOma, kaip toje kulturOs
dirvoje veikti, tai mes cia
privesime pavyzdi, kaip vel
kia jarmimo susivienijimai
kitOse Salyse.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05

met vokiefai prispaus an
glus is vis4 sonu. .Daugelis
amerikonp iskeliaus TOMS
dienomis Holland-American
linijOs gaflaiviu "Nienw
Amsterdam" Xiii ameriko-
mai keliauss pasitaikius pir-
maiai progai.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05
KATAllKU JAUNIKAICIU
SUSIVIENIJIMAS FRAN
CiJOJE.

Jau nuo aStuOniOliktO am
ziaus Francijoj darbuojas
visOkios ruSics laisvamaniai,
sOcialistai, parmazOnai ir XII
ii kitOkesni, kurie save va
dina "pazangiais, "pirmei-
viais" ir TT. Jie dirba nepa-
liaudami ir uzsispyre plati-
na savO klaidas.
Igave valdzia i savo ran
kas, jie pasiryzo visiskai is
naikinti Francijoj kataliku
tikejima. Menkai teapsiSvie-
te arba visai tamsus EMO
neliai nesupratO ju pinklig
il iStisOmis miniOmis virto j
bcdicvius, parmaZOnus, lais-
Vamanius, socialistus ar dar
kitokcsnius iskryptlius.
Kiekvicnas giliau ma
stantis galejo matyti, jog tie
iSkrypelisi pasislepe po
skambaneiu zodziu priedan-
ga, vcda zmones tiesiu-tie-
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05
IS KARES LAUK0.

Is kar6s lauku mazai Ii
niu. Bcrlyne oficialiai tvir-
tinama, kad vokieciai atmu-
seke lis anglu uzpuolimus
Francijojc. Gil rusai atmuSe
kelis anglu uzpuolimus
Francijoje. Gi rusai atmuSe
vokieciu uzpuolima Galicijo-
je. Italijos Some vcikia arti-
lcrija.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05
$4,000 AMERIkONU tai
KININkY ARMIjOSE.
Anglu kares stovykla.

Anglu kares stovykla. =
Tikrai suzinota, jogei talki-
ninku armijose yra apie 90
600 amerikonu, kurie SUI an
glais ir francuzais ka1.iau1a
prizes vOkiecius. Didziuma
ju teciaus tarnauja Anglijos
kariuomeneje. Jie istojO ka-
riuomenen Kanadoje. Dide-
lius vargus jie velka apka-
suose Francijoje.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05
PRAMATo kARE.
LOndOnaS.

Londonas. LOndono
spauda vienbalsiai tvirtina,
kad .kare esanti neisvengti7
ma Suv. Valstiju SUI Yokie>
tija. Mes kitaip butu didelis
Washingtono tevynei paze-
minimas. Zinoma, tokia kare
Anglijai butu labai naudin-
ga. Tik visa laime tame, kad
ta pramatomoji kare dar la
hal toll.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05
CRIC0RIAUS KALEN-
DORIUS.

Amsterdam.-Is Konstan-
tinopolio pranesta, jogci
turku parlamcntas nusprcn-
DIES visoj Turkijoj ivesti
lkalendoriu, kuri surede po-
pezius Grigorius ir kurs yra
visoj Europoj vieton maho-
metoninio. Civilizuojasi II
turkai.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05
|SPANUA SULAIKO SAVO
LAIvUS.

Madridas.- .-Ispanijos Wy
aiausybe isleido paredyma,
kad tos Sales garlaiviai ne
plaukiotu aplink paskelbta
vokieciu kares juosta jure-
Sc. Be to neapribuotam lai-
XII visuOsc uostuOse sulai-
xvii LAVAL.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05

Valstijoms, jogei Vokietijos
vyriausybe atmainiusi savo
pirmesni paredyma, kurs pa
iyti Suv. Nalstiju garlaiviu
plaukiojima i Anglia. W.
not vienO garlaivio kas sa-
waite gall plaukti j Anglia.
il is Anglijos kadir dau-
giausia amerikoniniu garlai-
viz. Bile tik jie negabens jo~
kiOs karines kOntrabandOs,
nebus jiems pavojaus nuo
nardanciu laiviu.
Sitas vokieciu ambasado-
riaus praneSimas uzgloste
Siek-tiek Dedes Samo isizci-
dina. Jis liudija, kad Vo-
kietija visgi, nors dalimrs,
Suv. Valstijoms,
ko visai nedaro kitoms nell
tralems Salims.
Teciau prez. Wilson's ne
patcnklntaS tuO nuSileidimu.
Ncpatenkinti juo ir Sios sa-
lies diplomatai. Jie sake.
kad Suv. Valstijos nOri he
nusileidimu, bet ieSko savo
pilnu teisiu. Vokietija ne
gall varzyti Sios Sales pre-
kybos reikalu. Suv. Valsti1n
garlaiviai turf tureti pilna
teise plaukioti he tiki An
glija, bet ir i kitas Europos
Sails. Sulyg tarptautiniu
istatymu neutrality saliu pre-
kyba neturi butt varzoma
kar6s metu.
We ko reikalauja Suv.
Nalstijos nuo Vokietijos.
Taip dabar viskas dar ir
tekabO ore. Prezidentas
WilsOnas Siandie ar rytoj
tur6s visgi nuspresti, kas
reik pradeti tuo svarbiuoju
rcikalu.
Suv. Valstiju viesoji OPT
Mia stow w rysiu pertrau-
kima su Vokietija. Mat,
zmon6s pasiilge kares. Bet
prezidcntas nebcklausO pa
Saliniu kurstymu. Jis Zinc,
kad diplomatiniu rysiu per-
'traukimas yra artimas ka-
rel. Gi karc yra pragaras.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05
WASH|NCTONE OAR Me-
SUGALvOTA, KAS RE|K
PRADETI,

Washington. - Santikiai
didziai intempti Suv. Valsti-
ju su Vokietija. Bet, regis,
tas visas truksmas pasibaigs
be pertraukimo diplomati-
niu sarySiu. TuOmet, Zinc
ma apie kares pavoju nebus
nci kalbos.
Nakar prezidentas Wilson
SUI savO kabinetu ir kongre-
so lyderiais turejo posedi.C
Didziuma kabineto sanarir
reikalavo, kad prezidentas
tuojaus pasiustu ultimatu-
ma Vokietijai, arba imtusl
bent kokiu astresniu prie-
moniu. Tie kabineto sana-
riai tvirtino prezidentui, jo-
gel dabartinis vokieciu mar
danciu laiviu veikimas Ia
biaus izeidzias sia Sail. negu
kituomet "Lusitanijos'' nu-
sllandinimas.
PO ilgu svarstymu nutar-
tn panaudoti prizes Vokicti-
jq bile viena is tn triju pric-
moniu:
l. Atsaukti is .Berlyno sa-
vo ambasadoriu, O Vokieti-
jos ambasadOriui Washing
tone inteikti pasporta. Tuo
budu blltu pertraukti diplo-
matiniai santikiai.
2. Lcisti Amerikos garlai-
vlams pOsenOvei plaukti i
Europa ir laukti, argi vo-
klctija ispildvs savO grasi-
minus, ar nardancios laives
skandins garlaivius su anne
rikOnais.
). PaSiuSti VOkietiiai u1ti-
matuma su pazymejimu,
kad jei jinai neatmainvs
savo nardanGiu laiviu vciki-
mo programmes, kas 1vtisi
Suv. Valstiju rcika1u, tuo-
mot sios SALES vyriausybe
pcrtrauks su ia diplomati-
mus santikius.
Sitos iris priemones pa
likta prczidento nuoziurai.
Prczidentas tomis dienomfs
gales pasirinkti is ju viena
ir bus pabaigtas kriukis su
Voketija.
Teciau pasibaigus sitam
kabineto posedziui, Vokicti-
JOS ambasadorius Won Bern
storff pranese stai ka s. ".
yalstybcs sckretoriui Ian
sing: Jis esas savo vyriausy-
b6s igaliotas pranesti Suv.
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05
AMERIK0NAI APLEIDzIA
ANGLIA.

Londonas. - VokieGiu
nardanciu laiviu blokada
Sujudino visus Anglijoj gy-
venancius amerikonus. Da-
bar jie' l1lpinasi galvatruk-
ciais apleisti Anglia, kad
pabadauti, kuo-
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05

siau i bcdicvybe ir istvirki-
ma, o tevyne = i prazuti.
Didesne Francijos gyvento-
ju dalis uzsikrcte laisvama-
niu bel socialism, klaidomis
ir serga bedievystes liga.
Reikejo kuogreiciausiai tuos
igonius gydyti. o kas juos
dabar, gydys?
Katalikai kuone visi pasi-
daline i visokias partijas, to
pavOjaus nemate. Jie Wis
ar kaz ko lauke, vildamos
susilaukti geresniu laikp ir
be darbo IL be vargu ir be
sllnkiOS kOvOs.
Nekuo naudingiau test
darbavo IL kunigai- Didesne
in dalis pilde sayo hazhytl
hes pareigas, visai atsitrau-
Ike nuO zmOniu, todel nesu-
prato tn ligoniu ir ju gydyti
nesrlmojo. Bedievystes hga
platinOs kaskart Wis labiau,
apscmdama, kaip isibanga-
vusi jura, kaskart Wis dides-
ncs zmOniu minias.
Ia ,pavoju gerai suprato
IL giliai atjaute, tarp kitu,
IL keli LyOnO miesto jauni-
kaiciai. Budami sviesus ir
graziai issilavine, karstai
myledami tikejima ir tevy-
ne, jie pasiryzo gydyti ta
ligOni, ta suklydusia fran
clzQ minia.
Bet kaip dabar to ligoni
Gydyti, nuO ko darba prade-
ii! Zinoma, reikejo pradeti
nuO viSuOpiauSiOS zaiZdOs.
Nisulabiau scrganciais pa
sirod6 fabriku darbininkai.
,Iie beveik lig vienO iSvirte
/ sOcialistus, masOnus, bedie-
vius. Tatai minetieji jauni-
kaiciai ir pasiryzo nuo ju
darba pradeti.
Tuo paciu laiku popezius
LeOnas XIII isleidO savO
aplinkrasti, vadinama ode
cOnditione opificum." Tame
savo raste popezius raginte
ragina rupinties darbinin-
kais, kad pagerinus ju buvi
ir dvasiSka ir medegiSka.
Tas popeziaus rastas visai
itikrino jaunikaicius, jog is
tikro nuo darbininku ir rel
kia gydymo darba 7radeti.
Bet kaip prie ju pliejus,
kaip ! juos prakalbejus?
Juk socialistai su laisvama-
niais jiems kaltais ikalo i
galva, kad ncklausyti kata-
liku, o uzvis kunigu.
Gcrai apgalvoje IT. apsvar-
ste, jauniksiciai nutare, kad
darbininkus reikia traukti
Draugas. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1917-current, 1917-02-05
IR AUSTRIA PASKUI
v0K|ET|JA.

Vienna.-Austrijos uzsic-
niu rcikalQ minister's grafas
Cernin pranes6 visOms neu-
traltms salims, jogei ir Au-
strija plisidedanti prie Vo-
kietijOs laiviu blokados.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-11-19
CONCERT V.OLINIST.
CURRIES ARMY MULES
By The unIted Presg.

HOUSTON, Tex, Nov. i9.--From con-
cert platform to currying horses. From
the Chair Of the Violin In the Peoria,
H., Conservative Of Music, and engage
ments at $500 night. to a camp stool.
khaki and thirty dollars a month as a
private in Headquarters Troop Of the
Thlrty-third Division Of the United
States Army.
That is the remarkable metamorpho-
sis Of Sol Cohen, 26. pupil Of Jene V.
Hubay, formerly first vlolinist In the
Cincinnati symphony Orchestra and So
ciety pet and musical lion OF Chicago
and Peoria.
Four times Cohen volunteered, but
was rejected as being physically UNFIT.
lie set to work to build up his physical
condition. and on the flfth application,
was accepted.
Because he loves America better
than his violin" Sol Cohen curries army
horses or walks a guard post at sac a
month land found"
II believe I'll make a good soldier
; he said today.
"Of course, ] shall play for the boys
here-and In the trenches over there
I'll be happy II / make their days O
war less arduous."
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-11-19
ORRTNE FOR
DRINK HABIT

So uniformly successful has Orrine
been in restoring victims Of the Drink
Habit" into sober and useful citizens,
and so strong is our confidence in its
curative powers, that we want to EN-
phasize the fact that Orrine is sold
under this positive guarantee. II. after
trial, you get no benefit, your money
will be refunded It is a simple home
treatment. No sanitarium expense.
Orrine is prepared in two forms: No
1, secret treatment, a powder; No ?
in pill form, the voluntary treatment
Costs only 81 90 a box. Ask for free
booklet telling all about Orrine.
The 0rrine Co, Washington. D. c
For sale by n. B. Danforth, Market and
Second SIS
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-11-19

Editors Note-Uncle Harry will be
glad 10 answer any inquiries, either In
this column or by mail, provided let
ters are signed with the full name and
address of the persons writing. The
correspondents names VIII not appear
in the articles.
Copyright, 1917. by The NC Syndicate.
Philadelphia, Pa. ....
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-11-19
Uncle Harry Explains The Importance
Of The New American-JapaneSe Agreement

whats the lesson this EVENING"
asked Uncle Harry, looking over Joe's
shoulder at the geography that his
NEPHEW had spread out on the table
"Oh, Japan, that's interestlng-and
very timely
why do you say it's timely, Uncle
Harry" asked Helen, who had stop
ped her knitting FOR a moment. DO
you mean the new treaty or whatever
It Is that Japan and the United States
have just signed?'
That's the very thing" answered
Uncle Harry.
"rhe newspapers have printed a lot
about the treaty and u seems to be
very important, but I don't understand
why" added Helen. Japan and our
country have been good friends
haven't they, Uncle Harry %
'Yes. the two countries have been
good friends said Uncle Harry. but
they are even better friends now; they
understand one another better, and the
treaty and the conferences between
Mr.. Lansing, our Secretary Of state and
Viscount Ishii, which led up TO the
treaty or rather agreement, for II
isn't strictly speaking treaty. even
though 1t serves practically the same
purposes as a treaty. will mark the be-
ginning OF increased good Will between
many millions Of people"
who did you say held the confer
ences with Secretary Lansing2" asked
Jimmy.
"Viscount Ishii, one OF Japan's fore
most statesmen, who has lately visit
ed out country. at the head Of a dele
g6tion Of other japanese statesmen,
who came here for the express purpose
of talking over with our Government
officials the interests that the two
countries have in China--for It has
been China, the great new republic Of
the Orient with its vast natural re-
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-11-19

the U-boat ports. For this work the
allied planes will operate in large units
-sUuadrons Of 500 planes at least.
With fast lighting planes scouting
ahead, these huge bombing squadrons
will fly in wedge formation from the
French or British lines to Essen, BORT
mund, Frankfort, or any OF the other
great munitlon centers in two hours
or less. Above the factories and steel
works they will release their deadly
bombs-a hail Of small bombs rather
than q few big ones-and in less than
five hours return to their stations.
Every army must have a continuous
supply Of guns and ammunition. The
destruction of the Krupps' great plant
at Essen would he a greater blow to
! the kaiser than the wiping out of an
| army corps And every airplane au-
thority interviewed believes a thou
sand bombing planes equipped with
/ i2-cylinder Liberty motors and carry
ing a thousand tons Of bombs can in
! a few bombardments WIPE ESSEN
OFF THE FACE OF THE MAP.
Naval planes will cooperate in the
/ bombardment Of the U-boat Ravens
Operating from great submarine-proof
! memberships" which will close In
behind a screen OF mine-sweepers and
destroyers until they are just outside
the range Of the guns Of Heligoland.
/ the naval planes viii take the air for
the short flight to Kiel, Hamburg, Viii
| helmshaven or Bremen.
Battleships and cruisers will be in
the oflng to protect the mother
ships" If the German fleet should att
! tack them Above or through the bar
rage fire Of the anti-aircraft guns the
allied planes will penetrate, aiming
their bombs al submarine factories,
docks or the German warships in har-
Dor. Thus the navy will 60 through
the air to xiii the rats in their holes
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-11-19
thousands of Planes in Fleets
10 Fiqht Great 1918 Air Battles

railway functions less than so miles
behind the trenches.
American airplanes will not take any
significant part in the air campaign
untn It reaches its second phase
bridge bombardment about the first Of
June.
The allies know from practical ex-
perience that America cannot get into
the game with her own machines at
any earlier date. Thousands Of planes
must be built in the meantime in fac
tories that never made a single air
plane part three times as many thou
sand engines must be constructed; and
thousands Of American boys must
learn the tricks of air lighting.
The allies have insisted from the be-
ginning that America should concen-
trate her great manufacturing facili-
ties on the construction of the rela-
lively slow, standardized battle planes
and bombing planes, leaving the build
ing Of the fancy up-to-the-minute
combat and scouting planes to them.
This advice has finally been accepted.
Unless the pressure for reprlsals on
German cities makes II impossible, the
allies will hold the greater part Of
their output Of bombing planes In re-
servo until the American planes ar
rive. by the first of June therefore,
there should be at least $1,000 allied
bombing planes ready for action-iOOO0
American, 5000 British and French.
Wlist can 5000 bombing plan, do2
l.1oh Crst Of all at the Rhine bridges.
across which must pass every gun, all
I the ammunition and almost all the
food Of the German army. There are
scores Of bridges across the Rhine, but
only the railroad bridges matter. Only
six Of these are Of strategic import.
ance-at Duisburg. Dusseldorf, Co.
logne, Coblenz, Mainz and Mannheim
Each Of these bridges is as vital TO th'
German army as an artery is to tn
human body. Destroy them and tn,
German army must retreat across th'
Rhine or be cut off from its supplies
Three thousand bombing planes
working in squadrons Of a hundred
VIII do the work. There are just sil
great railroad bridges and a single
UNDERGROUND bomb dropped from
any one Of a hundred planes flying In
close order will shatter a span Day
after day the bombardment will be
continued so that repairs and new
bridges will be unavsiling.
Above these bridges VIII come the
FIRST pitched air battles OF the war
Thousands Of feet above the Rhine the
allied air squadrons viii combat the
defensive German planes and maneu-
yer to pass the barrage fire Of the Ger.
man anti-craft guns.
Twelve thousand bombing plane:
will be left for the long-distance bonn,
bardment Of the munitions centers anC