davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

IF THE reports Of last week are True
i and there is no reason TO doubt them
Thomas Edison has fulfilled the eager ex-
pectations Of countless Americans VINO
have been waiting for months for him 70
produce the invention they were confident
it was in his power TO produce, the inven-
ton that would defy the U-boat. The re-
mort is that it has come at last-a device
for DETECTING the torpedo from its course.
Ever since Mr.. Edison's appointment In
July, 1915, as chairman Of the Naval Con-
sulting Board, it has been rumored that ne
was working on an invention that would
be Of great value in the war. Last May
William L. Saunders, chairman and direc-
tor of the board (Mr. Edison is now presi-
dent), announced that way had been
found to solve the U-boat problem, but
this was denied by other members OF the
board. Mr.. Edison himself expressed ig-
norance Of any solution. Just at that time,
however, he was busy on government ex-
pertinent Of such Importance that he could
not get away from his laboratory long
enough to confer with the members OF the
international war council in Washington,
who expressed desire to meet him. Sue
cessive kilograms from the Secretary OF
War, the Secretary Of the Navy, and
finally the President were alike unavailing.
"Too busy" was the laconic reply.
Since the beginning Of the war he has
received patents for more than 900 inven-
tions. He has designed, built and success
fully operated plants for producing chem
icals that make him independent Of the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

sible. both high light and shadow A
third system contemplates wsve-iike paint
ing OF green, blue and white, so that the out
lines OF the hull are lost in those OF the
surrounding water. A fourth con-
siders a very important factor-the confus-
ing effect which scrolls and curves have,
added to the similar confusing effect OF
bright colors :"
The Bureau of War Risk Insurance also
requires that vessels sailing for the danger
zone after October shall also be equipped
with at least one dozen smoke boxes OF
approved design. The writer above quoted
continues:
"Much has been said about the smoke
screen and little Is really known about H. II
Is obvious that 1t can only be used when
danger threatens. To keep a ship constant
" behind a smoke screen would be to invite
the very danger it aims TO dodge.
Smoke boxes are Of many designs One,
using phosphorus, probably combined with
tar or other free carbon burning combustible,
keeps its fuel under water until used, when
it is ignited and famed out into the ar
by means of a blowing apparatus. Inc
smoke thus produced is Of creamy white
consistency. and Of course spreads out over
large area. ~,
another type is q rectangular box with
strip Of a material resembling adhesive
tame about II. This, wbsn peeled on, re-
veals a slit through which the fire is APP
piled, after which reddish black smoke pours
forth. And still other types exist.
Smoke boxes are used in various ways
end for various purposes. II a ship has reason
to think she has been observed and has been
mourning a thick black smoke from her fun
nels, she may elect to change Immediately
to anthracite coal and to throw overheard a
smoke box. The low angle Of vision pos
cessed by a submarine, whether from peri
scope or from surface floating position,
makes II extremely difficult to determine at
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
Roofing for LeghOrns

Leghorns produce eggs cheaper thaa
hens of the general purpose breed-Plyn.
outh Rocks, Wyandottes, Rhode Island
Reds and Orpingtons. This fact, which con
firms the belief and experience OF CONNER
cial poultry farmers, was one Of the resulS
obtained In a rather extensive feeding
test recently reported by poultrymen o.
the United States Department of Agrleu'''
ure. Because they lay as many or n0i'
eggs, eat only about So pounds Of feea PEI
head, as compared with 70 to 50 p0uh',,
eaten by the general purpose breeds anu
because their egg yield very materially ca
ceeds that of general purpose breeds our
ing their second and third laying year,
Leghorns, the specialists say, undouotea"
are more profitable to keep for the pr"
duction Of eggs only.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

st least four methods Of meeting sub
marine attack which, If resolutely en-
ployed, may make sea routes fairly safe.
These are high speed not less than
fifteen knots; camoufage, unceasing pa
trolling of the sea lanes, and mining the
entrances to ports from which the U-boats
start. OF these, he considers speed the
best. "When the figures relating to losses
are analyzed, it Is seen that the sinkngs
are in inverse ratio to the head Of speed
developed. Very slow vessels are so easy
to hit that they should not be sent to sea
at all Vessels Of ten to twelve-knot speed
have about so per cent chance Of escap-
ing"
The art Of naval camoufage depends
largely upon paint and smoke, according
to a writer in 1.-THE Scientific American"
So valuable has this aid become that the
War Risk Insurance Bureau has given no.
tice that all vessels sailing to the danger
zone after October l must be painted in
accordance with one of the systems recon-
mended by the chairman Of the Naval Con-
sulting Board and the Ship Protection
Committee Of the Emergency Fleet Cor
poration.
This writer observes that:
"No hard and fast rules for the paint
ing have been drawn up. Four systems
are suggested, and the shop owner may
select tho one which pleases him best;
In itself an indication that no one
really knows, as yet, just which is best
One system contemplstes the use OF
the primary colors in varied proportions
areas, and shapes of area Another
system considers that the darkest spots OF
a ship should be made light and the lightest
parts darker, thus eliminating, as far as pos
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

day. after charging for delivery, the num-
Der was ninety-seven, a reduction Of moro
than ten-elevenths.' Yot the total volume of
sales was not diminished
In Philadelphia ninety women's organi-
cations after considering the matter-and
Philadelphia is leading spirit in the new
ampaign-recommend that all food
dealers have a reduced fiat rate for all
foods and that they should charge at the
rate of per cent extra for deliveries at
the house. Soliciting Of orders would also
be stopped.
Perhaps the most interesting develop
nents of the campaign are those showing
how expensive the old-fashioned free de-
livery system is. Investigation at Wash
ington, D. c., disclosed the fact that for a
family of five delivery yearly cost $3.50, or
about $40 per person. Moreover, 1913 re-
tailers whose annual gross receipts to-
tailed s22,s26,402 estimated the cost of
their delivery systems at s2,o47,7Sl, or 6.2
per cent of their total sales. This is more
than many large establishments pay for
advertising.
The solution of the whole problem, the
article continues, is the simple common
sense plan Of one delivery day over each
route, and no special deliveries. Patriot
ism will have to intervene in behalf Of the
merchant fearful of competition to placate
the imperious housewife who takes it so
personal" if shopkeepers do not stand at
her beck and call. Particularly the women
will reduce their provisioning orders to
one a day and carry home every small par
eel they purchase. If they will do so, they
can save the nation 100000 men and mill
ions of dollars in equipment which could
be diverted TO vital war service.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

Mr.. McAdoo's reasons for not advertis-
ing are also attacked by "The Phoenix
(Ariz.) Republican" Holding such
views on the subject of advertising" thinks
"The Republican" "if Secretary McAdoo
should suddenly find himself out Of a job,
we do not think any firm in the land would
hire him as an advertising manager" And
it adds:
why cannot the Advertisement Of the LIB
srty Loan bonds be given the came considers
ton as those which determine the action OF
private enterprises7 Private enterprise dis
eliminates In buying advertising space, Just
as II does IN buying any commodity its bust
ness requires.
private enterprise does not waste It's
money in advertising space which II believes
will do It no good, and It does not unneces-
sarily duplicate its efforts by advertising in
more than one newspaper in field when 1t
believes that one newspaper will cover the
field. Except for political reasons there is no
reason why the money appropriated for the
sale Of the Liberty Bonds should be dissi-
psted to no purpose, and only political con.
siderstion can dictate that there should be no
paid advertisement at all because the govern.
ment cannot afford to advertise in all the
newspapers"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
nut Destroyers Are. After All.
ID The True Weapons

While camoufage, guns fore and aft,
speed, and smoke are rivalling Mr. Edison's
surmised inventions to ward of the u
boat. it Is "The New York Worlds" con-
tention that the recent attack made by
German submarines upon feet Of mer-
chant ships "is another argument in favor
Of Secretary Danels's programme for the
construction Of an enormous feet Of de-
strovers Since the United States
entered the war, 1.-THE World" continues,
"the fact has been definitely established that
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
LREADY there has been a

RI q LREAD1 there mas peeh
"a hearty and heartening response
n TO the call Of the Council Of Ma
ticaal Defence for the elimination of one
great, countrywide economic waste by re-
forming the delivery system of the coun-
try" says Elizabeth Batten, writing in the
September number of "The Forecast"
From instances cited by Miss Batten It
sppears that housewives and merchants Of
the country are rapidly coming to an
agreement profitable to both that will 70
tain the sometimes necessary convenience
Of delivery while distributing the burden
of cost where it belongs, and reducing the
unnecessary and extravagant abuse Of the
privilege which is almost universal and OF
daily occurrence"
In Oak Park, Illinois, for example,
large grocery store "has tried out thor
oughly system of charging for deliveries
and finds it satisfactory 10 dealer and buy
err. A material reduction in prices could
be shown, while first class, efficient de-
livery system was maintained-on a basis
of two deliveries over each route per day,
and no special deliveries. Whiie
the number of delivery stops is much de-
creased, the amount delivered is greatly
increased; also, while the store gets
smaller percentage of gross profit on the
goods it sells, it is relieved Of burden Of
cost which formerly took large share OF
the higher percentage of profits; SO that
the actual net profit is not smaller because
oc the lower prices"
In PENNSYLVANIA also the scheme has
been tried out by strong chain OF stores
dealing in fruit and vegetables. The plan
"is 10 REQUIRE the customer TO pay ten cents
for each delivery, whether II IS two oranges
c. two baskets of potatoes. Then, the great
tst possible benefit from fluctuations in mar
lct price is allowed the customer, while the
profit rate is calculated upon the basis OF
p reduction Of TO 10 per cent.
"By these means, those forced to exercise
Ao strictest economy, regardless OF con-
yenience, can obtain the lowest prices; the
thrifty can profit by them whenever they
are able 10 carry home the purchase, but are
not Obliged TO do this under all circum-
-r.a~res. while the cost OF delivery is borne
~ those who get the service, and not in
-ascriminately by all who purchase at the
store.
"This arrangement has been found to have
a direct favorable effect on the amount OF
Individual orders The customer who pays
ten cents for delivery naturally does not
want TO pay that amount on twenty-cent
sale. so she buys more at one time, making
,ba EXPENSE Of delivery proportionately low
or. According to member Of the firm ~
one day before the abolition Of the free de-
livery system we sent LOO srders 10 houses
from one store, while on q corresponding
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

a distance whether a source Of smoke is a
smoke box on the water or smoke stack
from a hull down vessel
Smoke boxes may be hoisted to mast,
to produce a quick spread of smoke screen,
end the vessel simply turn tail and run, or
the smoke box may be mounted on the stern.
Smoke boxes produce smoke for twenty
minutes, perhaps for half an hour. To carry
enough to keep smoke screen going in
definitely would not aid safety to any great
extent.
obviously, much will depend not only
upon the relative speeds Of the hunter and
the hunted, but the time Of day at which
the hunt begins. Attacked In the early morn
ing, a smoke box protected steamer has far
less chance Of making her escape than II
the danger comes In the afternoon. Night
is the great friend Of the submarine-beset
merchant vessel, and can she but avoid a
torpedo by zig-zagging, by smoke screens or
by a camoufage protection which renders her
Of low visibility until the afternoon, she viii!
have a vastly increased chance Of merging
safely into the dusk than her sister ship
who Is so unfortunate as to raise perscope
at sun-up."
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
A Silver Mine With a Hole
in the Bottom

Herbert C. Hoover is responsible for hs
following story: "Germany's claim mn
she imports nothing, buys only Of herself
and so is growing rich from the war, sa
dreadful fallacy. Germany is like ta'
young man who wisely thought he'd grow
his own garden stuff. This young man
bad been digging for about an hour "hen
bis spade turned up a quarter. Ten min
rtes later he found another quarter. Insn
he found dime. Then he found quar-
ter again. BY gosh he said, I've struck
silver mine and, Strengthening up, he 70"
something cold slide down his leg. Anotnef
quarter lay at his feet. He grasped the
truth! There was hole in his pocket -
Engineering and Mining Journal
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
How Did Charles
XII Die?
A n AUTOPSY on the body Of
n Charles XII, Sweden's great war

4 AUTOPSY on the bocy OF
n Charles XII, Sweden's great war
ror-King, almost two hundred
years after his death, was easily the most
unique story of the week. 1t attracted at
tention to Sweden in an Unexpectedly neu
trail way at moment when all the world
is ringing with indignant protests against
the unneutral doings Of Sweden's diplo-
raatic representatives abroad.
According to the story, which reached
America by mail, it was decided by the
Swedish authorities to disinter the body Of
the great King to set at rest, if this be
still possible, whether he came TO his
death by a Danish grapeshot, or whether
he was treacherously murdered by a shot
from the Swedish ranks.
Doubts as to the manner of his death
were raised few years after he was
killed by reason of the fact that one
Siquier, the Kings aid de camp, confessed
in delirous rawlings during severe illness
that he had killed his monarch. These
doubts, Furthermore, were not wholly set
at rest by Siquier's subsequent protesta.
lions of innocence, even though Voltaire,
who investigated the case, reached the con-
clusion that the King could not have been
killed by his aid de camp. Hence, the
Swedish scientific men think it worth while
to examine, at this remote date, the holes
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

tho destroyer is the most effective enemy o.
tho submarine. Previous to that ume th'
British government was relying upon Destroy
ar. onIv In part and was building submarine
'ebas.rs' to combat the German U.boats' Our
own government at the outset began the
building Of 'chasers, but this has oeen
abandoned since the American destroyer
H..t demonstrated its effectiveness in deal
ing with the submarine menace.
"The submarine losses Of the Allies began
70 decrease Immediately after the American
dsstroysrs went into war service, ana tn.y
are now practically standardized. The toll u
still heavy, but It involves no danger OF star
v,,ion to Great Britain, and tho British gov
eminent has repeatedly given to the Amer
lean destroyer feet the credit Tor holo'nH
the U-boats in check.
"All tho experience Of the war goes 70
show that the U-bost Is no match for inc
destroyer, and that with suficient NUMBER
Of destroyers in operation the submarine Is
n.ds helpless so far as infieting any I'M
portant damage is concerned"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
The Campaign Will Spur
/ Savings Accounts

While plans for launching the new loan
proceed enthusiastically, even to the use
Of the movies for advertising purposes, the
question of whether the new loan will de.
plete the funds Of savings banks Is raised.
"The Milwaukee Journal" thinks not, be-
cause thousands Of new savers will pat
ronize banks after the new Liberty bonds
are sold. The partial payment system of
handling bonds will necessitate savings ac-
counts for the express purpose Of making
bond payments"
According to "The Christian Science
Monitor" savings banks have been getting
ready for heavy Withdrawals so as to be
in good condition when the drive comes.
Recent sharp declines in stock and bond
prices would seem to indicate that there
had been considerable liquidation of securi-
ties by savings banks in anticipation Of
the new bond issue"
But "The Monitor" also thinks that
after a temporary shock the savings insti-
tutions will find money coming back to
them, and probably to . greater extent
than before. .
The educative value Of the bond cam
Iaign appeals to "The Brooklyn Eagle
The second loan will have a byproduct
of great value. 1t will prove to be a
course Of instruction on Investments. Mr..
Vanderlip declares that durins the Hrst
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
Daris Also Sounds the Note
/ OF Caution

A similar pessimistic note sounds from
Paris. A naval expert, Olivier Guiheneuc,
deprecates the talk Of failure of the sub
marine war" which, so runs dispatch to
THE Christian Science Monitor" has OBJ
tanned in certain quarters since Lloyd
Georges various declarations. According
to NJ. Guiheneuc, many signs still favor
the submarine. Shorter days will permit
the boats to come to the surface oftener
without being observed. The decrease in
number Of attacks can be laid only partly
to the assistance of the Americans and
Japanese naval units, for Germany has
called in many boats and Is using their
crews to train new men. There are 800
of these new boats, and a drive IN force
may be expected In the early fall when
American troops are being rushed to
France. The only solution to the problem,
as seen by this critic, lies in British cap
ture Of Zeebrugge and then Antwerp.
The height of pessimism as opposed to
American cheerfulness is the view of Lord
Northcliffe in an article in the September
number Of "The Worlds Work" Despite
the Russian situation, he says, the Allies on
land could await the end with confidence
and with certainty that 1t would come soon
eff the land war were all" He con-
tinues:
"But the land war has, in my considered
Judgment, ceased TO be even mainly a land
war The war has become mainly q
sea war. The chief problem we have TO tackle
now Is how to prevent the submarines from
prolonging the war, possibly for another sew
eral years.
Germany cannot win the war by means Of
the submarines. &. The danger lies not
in the weakening OF the will Of the British
nation by starvation, but In the difficulties
which will be thrown in the way of trans
porting American troops across the ocean
and Of keeping up q constant supply to them
Of the gigantic stores they will need In
France, together with the American supplies
for France and ourselves
Germany, in my personal opinion, cannot
be punished for her disturbance of the peace
of the world and rendered harmless in the
future without the assistance Of American
troops. Germany will endeavor TO prevent
those troops from crossing the ocesn, and
from being fed and munitioned when they
have crossed, by attacking transports and
supply ships with U-boats."
! According to Lord Northcliffe, there are
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
A Thrilling Patrol Story
"A Significant Oil and Bubbles

News dispatches also emphasize the I'M
portance of the destroyer almost daily.
Now it is in convoy work, now in actual
submarine destruction. Probably no more
thrilling testimony to the efficiency OF the
destroyer has been given than contained IN
the official story of eight U-boat sinkings
told by the British authorities. "A patrol
noticed a wake with considerable amount
OF foam travelling parallel with her course
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
Black JJ-Boat Menace Skies Are Frightening

q short distance away" reads a typ,e,l
account. "She crossed the wake ana
dropped an explosive charge over Il. Al.
most Immediately a second charge va,
dropped, and after 1t had exploded an.
other explosion took place. Oil and bub.
bles came to the surface, and on that 500.
a further charge was exploded. Two NOR.
patrol craft arrived on the scene and di..
charged charges. Oil, which was still ria.
ing after an interval Of twelve hours, wa,
heavy brown in color and had smell lik.
petrol"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23
T 7 s. Building
". Submarines

An interesting reflex Of the submarin,
success is the recent order for thirty-eigt.
undersea boats given by the Uni,x
States government. Invented in America
the submarine was taken up by England
France, Russia, Japan and Germany,
while this country alone held back, %.
cording to II. Thompson Rich in the Sep.
TENDER number of "The Forum" With
only twenty-seven subs when the va,
started, we added but four more during
It's progress. Naval authorities say w
need. at least 300 adequately TO wage the
war. All Of which suggests that mex.
year, II the war continues, will be Q BIG
wear for the submarines in all countries
now at war.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-09-23

Draper. for "if it were possible to pre-
vent submarines leaving their bases 1T
would have been done by now. II it were
possible for the British navy to fight them
successfully the menace wouldn't exist.
But even the cooperation of the American
feet will not suffice to end the danger"
That Germany has not lost faith in the
submarine we may judge from this state
ment by Mr.. Draper:
T learned from an authoritative source
to-day that there Is no doubt Germany Is
turning out submarines faster than they are
being destroyed. Since the beginning OF the
war Germany has used 24o,oOo,OOo tons OF
steel in the construction Of submarines.
They have now spread beyond the regular
channels across the Atlantic through which
most Of the Allied shipping at one time
flowed, and have spread out broadcast over
every part of the sea, as the latest reports
Of losses show"