davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26

him to longer continue in the growing Of wheat
alone without also keeping live stock TO help pay
the living expenses.
Accordingly, two years ago, he decided 10 in
vest In a flock of sheep. and it while driving
these home that he made the discovery which he
has since turned TO such good account
Along the road near the Mansfield farm the
salt-bush grew in abundance, and 10 Mr.. Mans
fields infinite surprise the sheep began feeding
upon 1t greedily. He figured upon the spot that
he had destroyed $500 worth OF good sheep feed
that year, besides wasting a great deal Of labor,
IN trying to get rid of the weeds.
Last summer he pastured his entire flock OF
1000 sheep on the salt-bush with the most
tonishng results. The sheep were not only ex-
ceedingly fat. but their wool was OF a superior
quality. Several neghboring farmers with small
focks OF sheep followed Mr.. Mansfeld's expert
ment and their sheep, also were in much better
shape than those that were taken to the noun
tains during the summer.
During a period Of two weeks last summer Mr..
Mansfelds flock Of 1000 sheep was kept on less
than five acres of ground that growing Aus
tralian saltbush. and they did not clean the feed
all up at that. These five acres of land were two
feed yards where he had fed stock for years and
consequently they grew immense amount OF
the weed but ordinarily dry land which practical
ly will not grow anything else, viii produce this
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26

upon an obscure law in the great law code Of
Babylonia, which bears the name OF Hammurabi.
In It we have reference 10 the custom Of blowing
horn ar the village gates 10 notify the shepherds
the plains that the grazing season was over.
These rural villages in which the peasants con-
gregated from the surrounding plain appeared 10
have been so arranged that the village buglers
were able to make the shepherds and farmers
hear the sound of the horn in every part OF
Babylonia
The rural life of ancient times in this historic
land has here visual commentary" Doctor Lang
don adds, "and how the peasants lived to-
gether in villages. having village commons for
their focks and a municipal marsh TO furnish
most necessary article of domestic life, the cane
reed Assuming that the OrientatiOn of the map
is the ordinary one employed in other Babylonian
maps, is able TO trace the several features Of
the country and their details The skeleton OF the
plan is made by the canal which enters from the
northeast corner Of the district flows soIth-South-
west and turns in a rough parabOlic curve 20
treat at the same angle toward the north-north-
west At the center Of the district marked by the
end OF the parabola enter from the south
east and southwest corners two canals which
unite with the main canal.
Inscriptions on the tablet give the names Of the
various canals. the villages and hamIets Thus in
the extreme northeast corner is the town Of Bit
Kar SuSku. and the northeast wing Of the canal.
on which this town lies. is called Nar-bilu or
Canal of the Burden, Indicating that agricultural
ana other products were carried upon IL
This name and others" says Doctor Lansion.
SHOW that these canals were arteries Of trade
well streams 10 supply the fields with water.
The town Kar Nusku is mentioned in temple ac-
counts Of the city OF Nippur supplying sheep
and grain for the support OF the temple priests.
In the northwest corner. the left branch OF the
canal is the town OF Hamri also mentioned in the
accounts Of the temple at Nippur. Therefore. the
northwest branch of the canal bears the name
Mar Hamri. According to references In Assyrian
Inscriptions hamru deSignates place where the
cult OF the fire god established"
Another canal bore the name of Belsunu. rich
man whose estate is supplied with water for irr1-
Cation purposes Unfortunately. the estate itself
lay outside the limits of the map, SO il Is impoS
slble TO get any description Of BeiSunu'S country
house. In the opinion of Doctor Langtion the
point OF chief interest in the mind of the ancient
the conelike space at the end Of
the parabola. which is about the center Of the
map. The following inscription is cut into this
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26
EX-PREsioEHT IMPRESSED WITH
FORT OMAHA COLLEGE
EYES OF ARTILLERY III ACTION
Eight Hundred Pupils Are Undergoing
Training for Places in Uncle Sans
Army Of the Air-Field Open for
More MISUNDERSTANDING o1zlI-
fcztions Essential

Omaha, Oct. 3-EEPresident Taft
Inspected the big balloon school az
Fort Omaha last week, saw the huge
sausage shaped forms carry the OBJ
servers 400 feet II the air. from
where they signalled the activities u
the occupants q trenches I've or xix
miles away % the dummy artillery.
and 81 the conclusion Of his tour *
pressed his opinion OF The work Of
this new branch OF the service that
has come 10 be known a. the eyes Of
the artillery as wonderful"
At Fort Omaha there are being
trained al present nearly 500 keen
young Americans who wiz in the near
future. from their lofty p=rches n tia
clouds IN France and Belgium. direct
the fire OF the American artillery that
Is 10 pave the way for the drive 10
Berlin
As the men al present in training az
Fort Omaha leave for active service
their places are being taken By men
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26

from al over the country, and as the
quarters are being constantly Ell
larged. there Is still room for con-
siderable number OF meR having the
proper qualifications
IN answer TO many Inquiries, the
commanding officer OF the United
States Army Balloon School. AT Fort
Omaha. says that the qualifications o.
men applying for the commission OF
1st Lieutenant as Observation Balloon
Pilots are as follows;
The Balloon Service calls for q high
class Of work and applicants FOR com
missions in the line must posssss
sterling Qualifications
First they must be citizens OF United
States and not under 10 years Of sgs
and not over So.
The must be energetic sni forceful.
and CT good moral character and clean
hsbits.
After passing the examinations r.
CURED the applicant Is enlisted as
first class private n the aviation sec
Ton OF The signal EniSrec reserve
Corps
He IS then assigned 70 E school for
training. and the time Of training de-
peRds upon the mans ability.
After qualifying as IN observation
balloon pilot he IS commissioned ss
first leutensnt. Aviation Section
Signal Officers Reserve Corps.
From the time of his entrance into
the school until he IS commissioned
he receives 500 per month. quarters
and food allowance. As 2 first Hsuten-
ant S2on0 n year.
Application blanks can he secured
hy addressing the President Aviation
Examining Board al Fort Omaha.
N4sh
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26
DECIPHERING WORLDS OLDEST LOVE LETTER Al
= UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA -;

upon an obscure law in the great law code Of
part of the tablet:
Field between the canals. the contents 90 are
eight gul Ga measure OF area in the Cassie and
AsSyrian inscrpuons) field Of the palace"
Therefore the mapmaker wished 10 give an &C
curate drawing OF the field belonging TO the royal
estates" says Doctor LangdOn. and may as
sumo that he did his work at the kings injunc-
ton, and that the tablet has come down 10 Us
from the royal archives at Nippur- The Cassie
kings nominslly held court at Babylon as the
capital Of Babylonia.
Forests were unknown in southern Babylon
and the natives had to use reeds for making has
kets. household furniture, irewood, hedges and
even for the writing stylus. Accordingly. a mu-
ncipal marsh an essential and one Is shown
on the map at the university museum Another
feature of no little significance which sheds light
for the first tine the origin Of the customs that
sprung up in the middle ages OF endowing mon
asteries with estates 10 provide for their tables
is the field of the table OF the Baru priest On
this phase Of the diagram Doctor LangdOn SAYS:
The Baru priest was the seer OF the Babylon
fans. whom they invariably consulted about all
future events. This learned priesthood was at
tached 10 all the great temples and as we see
here. owned valuable landed estates The idea
OF 4 stste-supported order OF seers seems pre-
poSterous 10 Us. for divination is considered L.
legal. but Babylonian religion was supercharsed
with magic and mystery. Kings and laymen IN
tant ventures without consulting these sages OF
the liver omenS. OF oil omens and OF every con
ceiyahle kind Of divinaton- They formed an i'm
pOrtant part OF the priesthood. and hence we find
them on our map In possession Of estates more
valuable than those OF the king himself
In the extreme corner OF the northwestern part
OF the district is the village OF Hamri situated In
4 field which bears no name. perhaps the uu-
nicipal property. South OF this area is the field in
which we find village with the curious name Til 4
amel HaSsS or HUI Of the Fifty Men. The local 4
history Of this town. which would e,uciiate its in
tereSting name. is unknown The field itself bears
no Inscription and was probably village COM
mon also small canal separates the two vii
aSe properties The large field OF the table Of
the Baru priest is bounded the north BY the
ANAL of the table. These names refer TO the
properties settled by royal decree upon this re-
isiouS order for the support Of their table In
precisely the same way certain lands In Europe
'ecame the property Of nlonastic orders in the
middle SseS"-Philadelphia Public Ledger
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26

HE remarkable success recently
achieved by Mr. 7. c. Mansfield Of
Endicott, Washington, in fatten-
ing several hundred head of sheep
on the Australian saIt-bush has
created an interest in this once
despised weed, which is rapidly
. spreading throughout the north
west states. One result Of Mr..
Mansfeld's experiment is that other
farmers on whose acres the weed
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26

PetroSrad--Twensy Russian wSr-
ships Of various classes ars bottled
up in Moon sound. with Gordon OF
German warcrafr barring their egress
northwari back into the Gulf Of Fin
land or 10 the south into the Gulf OF
Riga. The Russians attempted 10
force the Germans back OF oesel
Island, and in the engagement the
sattieship Slava-a relic Of the days
efore the RuSSo7Japsnese war wss
sunk and other units were 50 badly
damaged thar the Russian tlotiIla WAS
forced 70 seek refuge in Moon sound
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26

-HE worlds oldest love letter and the
worlds oldest map. far fOund-these
are two interesting discoveries just brought
to light by DR.. Stephen Herbert Langdon
of the University of Pennsylvania Museum Oh
Arts and Sciences.
The love letter on a tablet of clay. was. accord
ing 10 Doctor Langdon, written about the time OF
the patriarch Abraham.
1t is true that in the translation romance gives
way TO commercialism. but nevertheless there is
nothing of the kind in any other museum. The
tablet was deciphered and translated by Doctor
Ungnad.
Personal letters of this type written by the
ancient are generally found inclosed In Clay en-
velopes so fashioned that while they cover the
writing completely and hold the tablet itself Sc
cure they do not oblterate the symbols, but rather
protect them.
So much for the love letter. but Doctor Lang
don. leading Sumerian scholar of all time. seems
r,uch more interested in the ancient Babylonian
map which he has just finished reading.
The map proves conclusiyely that the compre-
hensive city planning heard so much Of in recent
years, is almost as old as civilization
Not only did the Babylonians plan the building
of their towns and cities. but according 70 this
map or diagram. they laid out villages and ham,
lets along preconceived plans TO give residents
call the advantages of city life"
Nothing like the map just discovered at the
university ever has been found before by arch
eologists and evidently it is only one of many. II
Ii be taken as Ialr sample OF the lore
thought exercised by ancient Babylon in building
M her outlying domains. then the whole country
must have been connected by the most elaborate
system of canals in the history of the world.
Babylon had no telephone telegraph. but for
certain fundamental purposes of protection il had
something just as good" For Doctor Langdon
has translated some of the numerous small in
icriptions on the tablet bearing the map TO indi-
cate that the particular section here described
was so laid ont that persons living in any part Of
ii could hear the blowing of horn from the CEN
trail common. 1t old custom in the country
to blow horn at a certain season of the year,
after which grazing was no longer permitted. The
reason for this is lost In antiquity, but examine
ion OF other tablets at the museum some day may
reveal il.
The exact age OF the map is not definitely
snown Doctor Langdon believes it was made In
he Castle period about 1000 years before Christ.
Concerning the horn-blowing custom. Doctor Lang
lon says: The map throws welcome light
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26

on il sheep he adds, must be eonnneo On Il Z
dav or two before they relish It Then they 90 70
II with avidlty. They do not, however ear
enough Of il TO make them sick and de- as lney
do on alfalfa and a great many other plants Dul
they get exceedingly fat on II
The Australian saItbush is described as e MUCH
branched perennial. which forms thick mat over
the ground foot OF IS inches IN deptn me
branches extending from FIVE 10 eight feet one
plant often covering an area OF 10 TO 70 square
feet. The leaves are about an inch long, Oroaaest
at the apex. coarsely toOthed along the Margin
feshy and somewhat mealy OF the outside Inc
fruits are tinged with red, aattened and PUPPY
but become dry as soon as they fall from the
plant The seeds terminate better II sown on
the surface which should be planked or nrzneo
by driving flock Of sheep across il When Gov
cred TO any depth the seeds decay before gerrni-
nation.
The plant viii grow black alfalfa land that
IS really Of no value for anything else on earth
Mr. Mansfield states that there are millions OF
acres OF such land in the United States, which II
sown to this seed. undoubtedly would keep sheep
enough TO produce more wool and mutton than Is
now raised in the entire United States
Mr. Mansfield adds that If cut for hay the salt
bush should be cut while the branches are soft
and tender, and the second crop will make con-
siderable pasture and re-seed the ground
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.

DHE worlds oldest love letter and the
| worlds oldest map. so far found-these
are two interesting discoveries just brought
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26

grows have come TO look upon what was for
merly considered absolutely worthless land as a
real bonanza, and they preparing TO
turn their attention from the raising Of hogs and
wheat to sheep, with the assurance that under
ordinary conditions, they hardly fall short Of
Mr.. AIansfed's success. They see opened before
them what is practically virgin field Of sheep
raising. offering wonderful possibilities.
As as the value of the salt-bush a for
age crop become generally known it undoubtedly
will be cultivated in other sections Of the West.
AS matter of fact it is found along all the
highways from Arizona to Washington but very
few people know its true name and fewer know
that IT is a valuable plant. In eastern Oregon IL
is generally known the Pendleton food weed,
and has been looked upon such a pest that
there is law in the state against allowing it TO
go to seed.
According TO Mr.. Mansfield. however, ii is real
ly OF more value to eastern Oregon than the al
fafa plant for not only is it far better feed for
sheep. but it will grow the most arid land
and practically requires attention after once
getting stand, it grows in hard, firm soil bet
ter than on loose, well-cultivated land
Mr.. MansfeIds experience, as related by him to
the writer. who fortunate TO visit the farm
at time when a thousand head of sheep had just
been turned into a new pasture OF the saltbush,
when the accompanying photographs were taken,
reads almost like fairy story.
For several years Mr. Mansfield farmed 5000
acres of land, all of which was wheat land
with the exception of $50 acres, which were sub
irrigated alfalfa land. Finally the land became so
foul with Russian thistles and Jim Hill mustard,
that this together with the high cost Of labor and
the low price of wheat, made it impossible for
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26

Des MOines. Oct attorney
General H. NJ. Havner has ordered 4
recount OF the ballots cast in Non
days special election on the question
OF constitutional prohibition.
Unofficial returns give the vets an
advantage OF approximately 1000.
with total vote Of $4,000. In some
quarters it is believed the Official
count may change the final result.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26

The following is a list of the
names OF the boys from Sho-
shone doing duty with the colors.
Nearly every branch of the serv-
ice is represented 1t is the in
tention of the Journal to keep
this list complete as possible and
you will confer a favor on the
management if you will call at
tention to errors or omissions.
A free copy of the Journal will
be sent each member of the Roll
of Honor whose correct address
may be obtained.
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26
NIST5s4LL4u E1ZS4 I457Z2aE

weed. Later IN the summer NJ
Mansfield made some hay OF the
weed, but OF account OF the
scarcity OF labor was not able 10
haul II in out Of the shock he
had 10 turn his sheep through
this hay TO the stubble Held
where there was plenty OF other
pasture, and they would stop and
eat this hay. They cleaned II
all I'D and saved the trouble OF
hauling II in
Mr.. Mansfield is not only very
enthusiastic about the saltDush
as q food for sheep, but believes
II is good feed for other stocA
also. Hogs, cattle and horses. ne
states. eat It soon, and be De-
lieves that they would learn 20
ike il as well as the sheep do L
they were confined a short time
Shoshone journal. [volume] (Shoshone, Idaho) 1884-1931, 1917-10-26

Stockholm. Oct 22.-The merger Of
I'll the match factories IN Sweden is
announced The new corporation viii
have 10000 shares At 200 crowns
each.
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1917-04-07
The Awakening of Americans

Everywhere there is earnest heartfelt approval
of the course the president and the congress have
taken for the assertion protection of American
lives and rights. We suppose at any rate that this
the universal attitude of the American people, for
it the attitude of the people of Phoenix and this
vicinity, which is a good average American COM
munty
The state in which the country has been placed
overshadows all the other events and activities of
daily life not mean that there has been useless
futile abandonment of ordinary activities in the face
of war We mean that those activities have come to
be regarded as secondary and subservient to the
duties which all men owe the nation in its time
of need They considered means by which
the duty to the nation may be discharged
There is excitement, no bitterness against the
German people. We do not needlessly refer to the
German people who live among us and who are Amer
leans though Of German birth or descent but to the
German people of Germany. The popular sentiment
is directed against nation, but against an idea
which has always been repugnant but which has
become a concrete menace. So far the people of Ger
many have suffered the from it. We with the
2est of the world wish that it may be suppressed
forever
Americans are not minimizing the task upon
which they have entered The of it blood and
billions has already been roughly discounted we
hope discounted heavily; that be spared
much of the estimated cost That the task will be
performed there be doubt and whether per-
formed a light a heavy shall feel deep
satisfaction in having undertaken it.
1t has suddenly re awakened a spirit of patriotism
which had only slept but. which of feared
dead The long years of peace did not after ALL
leave soft and flabby when the moment came, The
call awakened quickly the of those who were
aroused by Lexington and Sumpter their fore
fathers sprang the defense of the colonies and the
preservation Of The union. We have already been
proved 10 be- better Americans than of
thought we were
Arizona republican. [volume] (Phoenix, Ariz.) 1890-1930, 1917-04-07
THE POWER OF MANNERS

The soul which anmateS Nature is not less sig
nficanty published in the figure movement and
speech This silent and subtle language is
Manners are the happy way of doing things, each
stroke of genius of love. repeated and
hardened into usage Manners very communi
cable; catch them from each other. Consuelo
in the boasts of the lessons she had given
the mobiles in manners the stage and in real life.
The power of manners is ncessant-an element
uncomfortable fire No resist their
influence. There certain which
learned in good society Of that force that if person
have them, he she be considered and Is
everywhere welcome, though without beauty, wealth
genius Give boy address and accomplishments
and you give him the mastery of palaces and for
tunes wherever he goes. He has not the trouble of
earning owning them; they solicit him to
and take possession. We send girls of a timd,
treating disposition to the boarding school, the
riding school, to the ballroom wheresoever they
can come into an acquaintance and nearness of lead
ing persons of their sex, where they may learn
and it at hand The power of a of
fashion to lead and also to daunt and repel arises
from their belief that she knew and be-
haviors known to them but when these have
mastered her secret they learn confront her and
their self possession. Every witness
to their gentle rule. Your manners always under
examination and by committees little Suspected
police in citizen clothes who awarding you
denying you very high prizes when you least think
of it.
Manners have been somewhat cynically defined
to be a contrlvance of wise men to keep fools at
distance. Fashion is shrewd to detect those do
not belong her train and seldom her atten-
ton Society is very swift in its instincts, and if
you do not belong to it resists and sneers you
quietly drops you. The first weapon enrages the
party attacked; the second is still effective
but is not to be resisted the date of the
ton is easily found. People grow up and grow
ascribing the solitude which them very in
jurously TO any cause but the right one-Emerson