davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1917-10-11

'
for 1t gives the effect Of higher
neck.
Simplicity and Lack OF Trimming.
There is very little trimming on
the new models. They seem to rely
to great extent on their line and
color, and charming indeed is the re-
suit. One Of the most attractive Of
the new modes in evening gowns is
Illustrated here. 1t is OF rose-colored
satin, bodice and skirt. with a filmy
overskirt or tunic Of soft mist-gray
chiffon, stitched on the lower edge
with rose-colored silk in the long,
loose stitch which makes such a fas-
cinating trimming. The collar and
the short sleeves Of the chiffon are
stitched in the same manner.
Good Taste in slippers.
Just a word here about the slip
pers for evening, and the difference
between those in good taste and those
that are just trifle too ornate and
overturned. Life has invented a new
word, the verb Ito hoove," meaning
to conserve. and it is now being wide
ly used. One must "hoove" ones
food, of course, and equally, OF
mings on every article of ones dress.
Slippers that are good form are very
with us; heels do not seem to be
quite so high as formerly, for they,
too, have been "hooved." Satin, the
same color as the dress, is the first
choice. A rhinestone buckle placed
high on the slipper is very fashion
able. Then one of the latest ideas
in slipper decoration is tiny bow
Of satin, a single bow of ribbon 4
quarter of an inch wide, perhaps.
Many of the fall brides have chosen
this for their wedding slippers. 1t
gives the foot the long. narrow eff
feet that is so distinctive. Slippers
of brocade, Of metal cloth, or of COM
binations Of plain and figured materi-
ais are worn only on the most formal
occasions. Indeed, the all-black or
all-white slipper is always appropri.
ate and in good taste. Stockings must
OF course, match the costume and the
slipper.
Fashions That Platter.
Every woman. no matter what her
age, size or coloring, has a secret
thrill and new hope each time she
buys or plans a frock. Perhaps,
! now, she will attain that degree of
perfection which she desires. and
with the aid of the Fairy New Dress,
show to the world that she is ever
young and fair. With care and deep
consideration she can do this. for
there are fashions that flatter, fash
ions that make the best of one, fash
ions that create around one the at
mosphere of charm and romance The
surplice style is one of these. and the
The Logan Republican. [volume] (Logan, Utah) 1902-1924, 1917-10-11

in The Logan Republican.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-09-30

or five sheets of paper. These strips
are first applied to the piece of fabric
that will be the read and then the
tread and strips attached are applied
to the carcass as the Anal operation.
The tire is now complete. but the
rubber is still soft. uncured, and as it
stands It is really a mass of rubber
in a solid piece with cotton fabric
embedded in it. 1t would not last
very long II 1t was used that way SO 1t
Is sent on through the factory.
Inflammation Or Curing.
So far the rubber in the tire has
undergone no chemical change al
though 1t has been washed. ground.
mixed with sulphur and other ingredi-
ents, masticated between huge steel
rollers, forced into fabric or made
into sheets by the calender, cut into
strips and finally arranged In the form
OF a tire. 1t needs the application OF
heat under pressure to bring about
the chemical changes which render 1t
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-09-30
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cd what Is now known as "TIckicrs
Artillery" a bomb made from a jam
tin. The British soldiers fondness for
jam Is proverbial and his rations in
clude jam served in tin cans, and one
day a soldier conceived the idea that
the empty tin might be used as a
grenade case, SO he divided tho can
into three parts by ramming a guam
tity or explosives into tho can and
banking 1t on both sides by LAYERS OF
shrapnel. regimental buttons. broken
glass. and any other thing he could
ind. Then tie fastened a fuse In the
end and "Ticklers Artillery" became
a reality.
h.. Tho great difficulty about the Jam
tin bombs was the fact that you had
to use a match to light the fuse which
was dangerous at night and difficult
in wet weather. Finally they secured
some fuses to be used for lighting
their pipes, but they would not keep
dry. Then somebody suggested using
rubber nipples. such as Is used on
nursing bottles for babies and one OF
the men set off TO make Tho purchase.
Theso worked to perfection, but rather
than rob all the babies in France of
their p%aciners the men sent 10 Eng
land for It supply, and there was no
more trouble, except that sometimes
the mon became over confident and
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-09-30

few men In America who have not at
some time played baseball Is expected
to be an aid to our soldiers, although
tho motion used IN bombing is not
exactly like that in baseball.
Method OF Hurting.
The following La the rule given. ac-
cording to an expert who saw fourteen
months service at the front:
Tn throwing, the bomb and lever
are grapseG In the right hand, the left
foot is advanced. knee stiff. about once
and a half its length TO the front.
while the right leg. knee bent, is car
rled slightly to the right. The left
arm is extended at an angle of az
degrees. pointing in the direction the
bomb is to be thrown. This position
is similar to that Of shot putting. only
that the right arm Is extended Gown
ward. Then you hurl the bomb from
you with an overhead bowling motion,
the same as In cricket, throwing it
fairly high II tho air. this IN order
TO give tho fuse a chance Il burn
down so that when the bomb lands,
it Immediately explodes and gives the
Germans 10 time to scamper out of It's
range or TO return IT,"
A good grenade thrower can huri
one about forty yards. He must have
good nerve. be n quick thinker. have
q sportive instinct. plus aggression. IT
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-09-30

conform to the inside shape of the
finished tire. In the early days of
making tires; and indeed in some of
tho factories at the present time. much
of the FORK OF putting on the fabric
was done by hand. In most of the
larger plants, however. this work is
accomplished by machines OF almost
human ability. Two men operate a
machine which not only applies the
fabric but discs and rollers in contact
with the top and sides quickly and
effectively iron out every wrinkle so
that the several layers are each ap-
piled at a certain tension.
What is technically known as the
carcass" which is the body, made
up of the various layers Of fabric, still
on the core. is next sent to the cover
Ing room. where It is placed on an
adjustable stand. Here the side walls
n cover are applied. These-sidc
walls and covers are nothing but
strips Of practically pure gum In
sheets OF about the thickness Of four
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-09-30

held in position by a safety pin De-
tonators and percussion caps connect
ed by "A short length Of fuse are sup
piled with these bombs. When h
bomb is to be used the bottom Is I'M
screwed and the combined ~detonator
and percussion cap Is inserted in the
space provided for II, the percussion
cap being placed IN the bearing under
the striking pin. When this is done
the bottom ia screwed on again as
tightly as possible, using tho special
spanner provided for this In each box.
Before throwing. the safety pin is re-
moved and the bomb held with the
lever In the palm of the hand. When
the bomb is actually thrown the lever
or aandIe Is released; this strikes
down on the percussion cap, ignites
fuse, sets off detonator and explodes
tho bomb. Thus, II will be seen that
the danger TO the thrower Is obviated,
and a pleasure to feel that our men
lover there Will be spared the dan
ger which confronted the. English and
French during the early dates of
bombing, for the "Sammies'' will use
the Mills grenade.
Throwing q bomb Is an art which
Is only learned after much practice
and some men never become prof.
cieut, while others become experts In
a few days. The fact that there are
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-09-30
scond Only To the Manufacture of the Auto
mobile Is the Making Of the Tires Which Iron
Smooth the Rough Spots In the Road.

80 HsNtt+AFf
takes Up the strains and gives the
rubber IA foundation.
-TAo Erst step toward the m~anufao-
turing Of "a tire is tho inspection Of tho
raw material. rubber and cotton
fabric. Upon the grade Of the tire
tais inspection depends: or rather n
might say the result depends for GER
ra'n grades Of tires require certain
qualities Of material.
The rubber as it comes from the
forest So in chunks about the size of
q cocoanut and The 4yet process L. to
chop These chunks into slithers by
Running them through "A machine that
bears Il faint resemblance to a rock
orasher. While the Rubber IL being
u vr II Is also being washed 10 get
oat ADJ possible dirt. Then 1t is run
thTough a drying machine where ey-
srH Nit IF the moisture is removed.
Then She rubber IS put into great
Tlts into which Is placed tho several
INGREDIENTS. including "a certain pro-
portion OF sulphur. all Of which are
essential 10 make inflammation pos
@45!o- TIE ingredients also have the
effect az giving the rubber tho strength
go withstand fhe Ersndtrg-o the
road. THIS process is called "'knead-
ing" and st IS not d.gsinilar to a
bread mixing machine rs the heavy
paddles and circular blades churn the
mass together TO q pastellke form.
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-09-30
FSybrIc T17eC VGeL19~


hard and scrvtceable.
The raw tire Is placed In a steel
mould, but before the mould is closed
the tire receives It's serial md con-
struction numbers. The numbers are
stamped on small pieces of tin and
these tins are placed IN the mould.
During the curing process the rubber
forces itself into the depressions in
the tins and when. after curing, the
tins are removed the numbers appear
impressed in the tire.
The moulds also contain the re-
cesses into which the excess rubber
on the sides and top forces itself and
these recesses give to the tire the diff
ferent kinds of treads. arrows, letters
and designs of different kind and are
known as mon skids."
There are numbers of sizes Of vuI-
canizers, from the kind that you can
buy for a couple of dollars and carry
In your kit to the kind In the big fac
tories. In the latter places they are
large, oven-like containers holding
from eighteen to twenty-three mouids.
Inc AIOuiOS arg lpTt6u LoSetFeE by
hydraulic pressure and after the vul-
canizer Is filled 1t is closed and live
steam admitted. The steam does not
reach the rubber as the moulds are
too tightly closed but the moist heat
soon penetrates the moulds and the
curing process begins.
AS in the mixing of the rubber the
v~ulcanizing Is important and the
greatest care must be exercised to get
the vulcaniZation right. With the
beginning of the heat the chemical
change in the rubber begins and the
change must only be carried to a GER
tain degree. Over and under curing
produces poor tires. The o~ver-oured
tire is hard and finty. quickly crack
ing and breaking while the under
cured tire is soft and doughty, wearing
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-09-30

held the grenades too long with serious
results. Others were nervous and
threw them too soon, with the result
that the Germans hurled them back
and they exploded in the English
trenches. Then England decided to
change the type of bombs, substitut-
ing what vas known as the hair brush.
tho criclSet-ball and later the famous
Mills bomb now being used with such
success.
Mills Bomb.
The Mills bomb is not much larger
than a large lemon and shaped exact
ly like IL. 1t is made of Steel. the
outside OF which Is corrugated into
forty-eight small squares which. upon
the explosion of the bomb, scatter in
a wide area, wounding or killing n
person unfortunate enough to be hit
by one of the flying fragments. AL
though It Is a very destructive bomb,
tho Mills has the confidence OF the
thrower. in that he knows 1t will not
explode until released from his grip.
The MILL hand grenade Is an in
genius contrlvance, Weighing about
one and one-half pounds. 1t is usual
~ filled with shrapnel, bullets. broken
glass. scrap iron. etc. In the center is
a spring striking pin, kept back by q
lever D. handle, which La slfs turn Is
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-09-30
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list become second nature to him or
he Is a failure. An English officer who
Is a teacher at the bombing school
recently told an American hat there
were three stages In the education of
his bombers. First. the v stage.
The second Is the confident but re-
spectful stage. The third stage ~ the
period of over-confdenca The first
can be cured. the second Is ideal.
while the third may be fatal
After the course Of instruction has
been completed, there is a bombing
contest IN which the me- vie with
each other in trying their skill. These
contests sometimes take on the air
OF a real battle for the men "go W Q
the top" and make charges with ths
zest shown in real battles. They also
learn how to use the German grenades
and when any of these are captured
the men use them with as much case
as they do Mills No. g."
Americans Learning.
In all our camps on this side OF the
Atlantic the men are receiving tnstruc-
ton in hurting ~grenades. A high
screen about the height OF a trench
Is set up in front OF the thrower who
must throw high enough TO have the
grenade pass over the screen and then
70 the enemy's trench marked by some
object at about thirty or forty yards
distant. OF purse real bombs are
not used. Little clay balls fitted with
Il fuse and quantities OF smoke pow
der arc an excellent substitute The
bomb has become the great weapon
of today. The mar who fires the gun
that throws high explosives may be
more destructive. tho man who wtelds
tho hayonet nay be more dangerous.
but for pure skill n art tho hand
grenade thrower leads them all. The
bomb is an instrument which de-
mands nerve and skill and the men OF
our army bid fair TO become experts
IN this gentle art of hurting bombs
into the trenches OF the Huns"
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-09-30
eway with astonishing rapidly.

away with astonishing rapidtty.
II must be said, however. that com.
paraHvely few imperfect tires find
their way to the market. The factor1
inspections are usually rigid and the
detectives are picked out. Some of
these tires do get out, however. under
the name OF seconds" in which case
they are so marked and the serial or
construction number Is rubbed Oh.
The mar who buys a second" knows
1t. He pays q second" price for It
and he takes the chances of getting
mileage in return.
The Finishing Touch.
From the v~ulcanizing room the
tires are sent to the finishing room
where they are cleaned and inspected
for defects. Then the flaps are In
serted and the tire given q coat Of
soap stone paint on the inside. partly
to protect the inside piece of fabric
and to give the inner tube a lubricant.
Again It passes through the inspectors
hands-it is said that from beginning
to end each tire Is Inspected by no less
than twenty-five inspectors - after
which 1T goes to tho wrapping room.
where Ingenious machines put around
the tires the paper covering. Then
follows the labelling and packing and
shipping.
Cord Tire Making.
Types OF tires that differ from the
foregoing are those known as cord"
tires, the carcass being made up of
cord instead of fabric. The cord Is
treated just as the cotton cloth being
i~mpregnated with rubber and then
laid on the tire form at an angle OF
45 degrees. This cord is covered with
strips of rubber and hen a second
layer is laid at right angles to the
first layer. Then is applied the cush-
ion gum. an insert strip. the breaker
strip and the tread
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-09-30
low This Ancient Weapon Was Brought Into the
Wa By the Germans, and How 1t Has Proved
a Boomerang To Them - The Art Re-
CURED In Throwing a Bomb.
%%1
E~92TLr


It's use fell into decline. as warfare
was in the open and according 10 81
military critic Of the Crimean War,
proficiency with tile musket makoth
tho foot soldier the equal of the
grenad!er." OF. course. the battles
were then fought in the open. very
Httle of trench warfare being known
at that time. IN the present war IT
was the Germans who first discovered
the value Of tho hand grenade,
Csed by The Germans.
Il was first used by them in october
1914, when the famous Black Watch
Nas holding the liue NJ Ne,!va
ChapeIle. lilo. Engllshl a present
for YOU" called out a German. and
,Ge British saw something coming
over the trenches and they looked
rurloUsiy at Il large black oblong-
shaped affair. and as they looked II
exploded killing or wound!ng every
lnan within ten feet. Thus the bomb
ing. which has caused the death Of
HGDslnds of men m both sides, was
begun. Today the British Govern
mont alone is producing ten million
az bombs a year for itself and for the
Allies.
During the siege of Port Arthur,
tho japanese developed a type of
bomb with some new features and It
Is supposed that the German Army
got the inspiration from this and add
cd come new features to It's action.
~ least they made It a most efficient
instrument OF death. The day after
the arrival of the first German bomb,
the English officers set TO work on
the subject Of evonades. One com
mittee Wac appointed TO look up OK
rloetves. another to iook up fuses, and
another tn study the proper castings.
"rtcklers Artillery"
IN The meantime. "Tommie' invent
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-09-30

This portion Of the making of a
tire is probably more important than
any other as the compromising Of the
rubber 10 just the proper degree Is
the keystone of the business. Too
soft or too hard it must not be. Long
experience and numerous laboratory
experiments have produced certain
formulas and these must be followed
with exactitude. Incidentally these
-compouuding formulas are treasured
trade secrets.
When the rubber is sufficiently
knoadcd It is taken to a giant machine
called a calender. Into a hopper in
the top OF the machine the rubber is
fed. Through the rear of the ma
chine one sees a bolt Of canvas with
the end in the machine. The wheels
start. the rubber starts downward and
the canvas starts inward, emerging
us a rubbertzed cloth. When the rub
Der and cloth come IN contact h tre-
mendous pressure exerted forces the
paaty rubber into the very pores of
the cotton and there one has the real
beginning of the automobile tire of
the fabric" type.
AS tho rubber-flled cloth comes
from the calendering machine 1t Is
rolled on a spindle and the rolls are
then carried 20 a cutting machine to
slit the cloth into shapes. This cut
ting machine has a capacity for cut
ting eighty strips a minute. The strips
are cut on the bias. that is on an
angle Of AZ degrees with the roll this
being done in order 10 produce the
maximum strength with the minimum
OF stretching.
Tire Building. Machines.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-09-09
SERVICE FOR SOLDIERS
Mnss to he Celebrated In Sherwood
Park This Morning at
O'Clock.

This morning at o'clock. under
the auspices of the Catholic Bishop Of
Richmond. Rev. .. ]. O'CoEnell, there
will DO celebration OF the mass at
Sherwood Park. headquarters of the
Forty-scventh New York Infantry. AT
10 o'clock there will be morning prayer
and sermon by Rev. F. Z. Warren, rec
tor of ST. Thomas's Episcopal Church.
Ginter Park.
or special interest is the fact that
at the 10 o'clock service the Sacra-
ment OF Holy Baptism will be admin
istered by tho reglmental chaplain to
those desiring to take advantage of
the opportunity thus presented. The
rite of confirmation will be admin
istered also to any candidate who de-
sires to be confirmed, and will COM
municate his wishes to the chaplain.
who will make the necessary arrange
mcnts with one of the Catholic clergy.
The chaplain has number of army
and navy edition New Testaments
bound in olive drab linen, small enough
to be carried In the pocket or haver-
sack. Any member Of the command
desiring a testament will please notify
the chaplain. 1t is also desired that
all members OF the regiment who can
sing will notify the adjutant, so that
they may take part a choir In the
field services. to which the men Of the
regiment are privileged to invite any
of their friends.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-09-09
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES.

First English Evangelical Lutheran
Services at IL o'clock by Rev. w. NJ.
Taylor. chaplain of First Virginia Field
Artillery. National Guard. Evening
union services at o'clock at Hanover
Avenue Christian Church.
Lee Camp Hnll-"The Crash OF All
Nations Foretold" will be tho subject
OF the sermon tonight In the contin-
uation OF the gospel meetings which
have been conducted hitherto in tent
at the corner OF Thirty-third and
Leigh.
Ho,vitzers' Armory-The chaplain.
Rev. George w. NJ. Taylor. First Vir-
GINA Field Artillery. National Guard.
Will hold services at Q o'clock The
choir from the West End Methodist
Church Will render several selections.
International Bible Studcnts-Ser-
vices at Stief Hall at II o'clock. Bible
study to be led by ]. E. Creery.
Apostolic-The pastor. Rev B. G..
pease. Will preach tonight at O'Clock.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-09-09
COLONEL ALEX j. FIELD
BECOMES STATE LIBRARIAN

Especial to The Times Dispatch.l
RALEIGH. N. c., September s.-Th.
State library commission has seIect-S,
ed Colonel Alex J. Field, editor of the
State Journal. as State librarian. pend
ing general reorganization and CO.
ordination of the library interests of
the state by the next General Assembly
in consolidating the legislative ref
erence library OF the State library and
the State library commission under one
management. The commission cut the
salary of the State librarian from 81, roo
to s1.250 and applied the remainder of
this salary fund to increasing the SAL,
aries Of Miss Broughton. first assist
ant librarian. to Sl.1O0 and that OF
the second assistant, Miss King, from
$500 to $500.
Richmond times-dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1914-current, 1917-09-09

evening services. Morning subject. "a
Friend OF Suspected People" At even
Ing. The Song OF the Redeemed
Ginter Pnrk-Rev. T. b. Ray. d. D..
VIII preach at IL o'clock this morning.
There Will BIO no services at night.
Leigh Street-Rev. j. ]. Wicker, d.
D.. the pastor. will preach at both the
morning and evening services.
Pine Street-Dr. Douglas S. Free
man will preach this morning at the II
o'clock service. Usual service at night.
First-The pastor. Rev. George w.
Mcdaniel. d. D., will preach at both
the morning and evening services
BnfnbridEe Street-Preaching morn
Ing and evening by the pastor. Rev. J.
w. Kincheloe, who Is leaving Rich
nond for Rocky Mount, N. c.
Northside-The pastor. Rev. Perry
Mitchell. will preach at both morning
anu evening services.
D"ulcvnrd-rhe pastor. Rev Fraacis
Ice Albert will preach ~. both tho
mcEning and evening services.
Grace Strect-Rev. J. T. Live D. D.,
will preach At both the II .rnirE and
evening services.
Grove Avenue-The pastor. Rev. w.
c. James. u. D.. will preach at both
morning and evening services. and at
night will deliver an illustrated ad-
dress on '"rhe Tongue"