davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-11-03

BRITISH imports Increased S45.Oo0.000 during sep
ieuher And. according 10 the Berlin schedule, Eng
and was 70 be starved 70 death by Aus.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
World of Finance
AMERICAS GREATEST
YEAR IN FOREIGN TRADE.

American exports for 1916 reached
the unprecedented total of $5,4S1,ooo'
900. According to statement IS
sued by the Bureau Of Foreign ana
Domestic Commerce, of the Depart
mont of Commerce. this exceeds the
total Tor 1915 by s1,92S,00O,0oO and
the total for 1913 by $2,ss7.ooo.ooo.
The exports for December are an
nounced as 1921, 100000, which ex-
ceeds the previous high monthly To-
tai by 100000. The December
average for the five years previous
was 1868, 100000.
Imports in 1916 aggregated z,Ssz
million dollars, also record total
For 1915 the total was 1,77S mllhon
and for 1917 the previous record year
1.81S million. December imports
were valued at 205 million dollars, IN
dicating a continuation of the recov-
ery which set in during September
last following the sharp decline from
the large total of PAS million Tor
June. The December, 1915, total
was 172 million and the December
average from 1911 to 1915 inclusive
1853 million dollars.
The years export balance WIS o.,
OS9 million dollars. as compared
with 1.77S million for 1915 and 2,456
for the five year period from 1917 TO
1874. inclusive The December Ia
yorable trade balance was 80 mil
lior, dollars, compared with 1S7 mil
lion for December, 1915, and Isl
million for December, 1914.
1he net inward gold movement Tor
tfe yearSwas $50 million dollars. also
Anew record 1t compares with
net inward gold movement OF AL
million in 1915 and a net outward
cold movement Of 165 million In
1914.
Gold imports in 1916 aggregated
csc million dollars, against 45z MIL
lion in 1915 and 81 million in 1914.
The corresponding gold exports were
1857 million, 81 million, and 22S mir
lion. respectively. December goio
imports were the largest for any
month of the year, being lbs million.
AZ against As million In December.
1918. and A million in December,
1g14 December gold exports
amounted to % million, the high
uoirt for the year, but comparing
with II million for December. 1915,
and 1871 thousand dollars for Decem-s
Der, 1914.
bf the months imports, Till per
cent. entered free Of duty, thus
maintaining the proportion shown in
the December imports of the previous
year.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
STOCK MARKET !

New york, Feb. 3.-Today's short
& n will go down into history as
st the most memorable in the an
L the stock exchange. An
sement Of the break with Ger
came at the end of the first
s.a.f hour, the market then following
an uneven course evidently in antic1-
patton Of momentous developments.
The first, flash from washington re-
suited in moderate declines. These
gained Roadway on accelerated oper-
atoms, railroads dropping one to two
points with greater losses in indus
trials and specialties. In the last half
hour broad and general buying
movement under the lead Of United
States steel turned many previous
losses into substantial net gains. Steel
rose to 104 IL, gain Of four points,
18th two to six points In war issues,
Utah Copper and shippings. and 80
points in Bethlehem Steel. The clos
ing as extremely feverish and strong
as to important stocks.
Sales exceeded 100000 shares
Bonds were irregular.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
THE WEATHER

New Haven, Feb. 3-Forecafst:
Partly cloudy and not quite so
cold tonight and Sunday.
Connecticut: Partly cloudy and
not quite so cold tonight and Sum
day; fresh to strong west winds,
except gales on the coast.
The western area of high pres
sure that has been causing the
severe cold wave during the last
two days in nearly all districts
east of the Rocky Mountains has
moved southwark during the Inst
"a hours and is now central over
Alabama Very low temperatures
are reported from the southern
districts. Atlanta, Ca, was only
two above zero. Pensacola was
the only place in Florida from
which report was received an6l
it was 10 above zero there. The
temperatures are rising slowly
between the Rocky Mountains and
the Mississippi river.
Conditions favor for this vi
cinity generally fair weather with
continued low temperature.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
THOMAS f. QUINLAN

The funeral of Thomas F. Quinlan
was largely attended - ON the home of
his father, Martin Quinlan, 1921 Penn
broke street, at $50 this morning and
a half, hour later from st. Charles
church, where Rev. Thomas p. Clos
ter sang the high mass of requiem.
AS the body was being borne into the
church, Miss Jessie Murray sang Thy
Will Be Done'' At the offertory, Miss
Murray and Miss Loretta Payden sang
fave Maria" and after the mass, Miss
Murray sang "Face to Face" The
bearers: John and Michael Griffin, An
drew Creagh John F. Moran, Frank
Mullareny and William Hennessey.
Burial was in St. MichaePs cemetery.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
BOARD OF RELIEF.

Notice is hereby given that the
Board Of Relief Of the City Of Bridge
port will meet at the Assessors Of
fee, City Hall, for the purpose OF
hearing. appeals made from the find
ings of the Board of Assessors. Hear
ings will be held on the following
dates in February: Thursday, Feb. l.
Friday, Feb. 2. Monday, Feb. 8, Tues
day, Feb. 6, Wednesday, Feb. z, Fri
day, Feb. 9, from a. m. to p. m.'
and on the evenings of Friday, Feb.
2. Wednesday, Feb. Z, Friday, Feb.
9, from to p, m.
Dated at Bridgeport this goth day
OF January, 1917.
WILLIAM A. LEWIS,
THOMAS F. WHITE,
ISAAC MOOREY.
JOHN E. RILEY.
A 20 tt.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03

LITTLE BENNY'S
NOTE BOOK
(By Lee Papc>
THE PARK AVE. NEWS.

THE PARK AVE. NEWS.
Weather. The shorter the days,
the longer the mites.
Sissiety Notes. Mr.. Pubs Simkins
had his parler papered all day Theirs
day by paperhangers, one being a
little fat one with a red nose and the
uther being a long thin one with a
redder nose, both being attired in
wife with derty spots. Amung those
present in the AFTERNOON till the pa
perhangers chased them out was Mr..
Benny Potts, Mr.. Algernon (Sinny)
Martin, Mr.. Sid Hunt and Mr.. Ed
Wernick The new wall paper is
pink with things like asparrowgriss
on it.
Bold Robbery. Last Friday little
nevis attached to a ash Vaughn
went down Broad street in back of
a hay Vaughn eating the hay. the man
driving the hay Vaughn not knowing
the diffrents.
THE REASON WY.
POME BY SKINNY MARTIN.
I know a little dawg
And he wages his little tale,
And his name is Alexander
Because he is a male.
Jntristing Facks About Intristing
People Sid Hunts mother has a
cerl off of his he'd frum wen he was
a baby, wich if you wunt to see 1t she
will show it to you sum time wen Sid
amt GROUND.
Everybody shood reed newspa-
per every day to have sumthing to
taWk about. Ed Wernick will put
you on hts route without exter
charge .-Avvertizemint.
wy not have your fotograff took
with Lew Davises So camera? 10 serfts
apeece and anybody can tell who it
iS -AuVertiZemint
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
BUILDING NOTES

These permits for buildings the ag-
gregate cost Of which will be $34, $50
were granted by the building COM
missioners last night:
Garage, north side of Wheeler ave-
nue. for Isidore Rossinoff.
Garage, south side of Rocton ave-
nue., for Anna>E. PARROT.
Two-familT house. south side of
Rocton avenue for Anna E. Parrot.
Two-family house, north side of
Wheeler avenue for Isidore Rossinoff.
Garage, north side of Boston ave-
nue., for Mrs. M. L. and e. J. Fitch.
Addition to barn, east side of Center
street for Samuel Susman
Bungalow, north side Of Evergreen
street for John A. Schneider.
Brick addition, south side Of Maple
street for Pasquale Lombardo.
Frame residence, east side Of Gin
ton avenue for F. S. Hawley.
Two-family house, east side of Pix
ley place for Carmelia Perfecto.
Efght-family house. south side of
North avenue for The Progressive
Building Co.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
SOCIAL AND PERSONAL

John Adam Hugo, pianist and COM
poser of this city, presented scenes
from his one act opera, Temple Dan
cer,'' last evening for the first time
before an audience, at the meeting Of
the Manuscript club at the National
Arts club, 119 East 18th street, New
York. The Hbretto is by Jutta Bell
Ranske. Mr.. Hugo presided at the
piano and Mrs. Jay A. Mellish and c..
Versel Chamberlain sang the soprano
and tenor parts. The society is an or
ganization Of music lovers and com
posers of music, who meet to criticize
each others work. Mr. Hugo's work
was enthusiastically received. 1t is
thought that the opera has enough
quality to be worthy of production at
the Metropolitan Opera House.
Announcements have been received
here Of the wedding in Napa, CAL, of
Miss Mabel e. Mayfield, daughter of
Mr.. and Mrs. Irving Mayfield of that
town, to George Hubert Booth of Oak.
land, Cal, which took place Jan. "a.
Mr.. Booth is the son of the late Rob-
ert Booth Of this city and Mrs. Syl-
vSster Barnum of Cherry Valley, N.
Y. He is well known in this city.
Mrs. William B. Glover Of Fairfield,
who is a member of the board of
manager Of the Connecticut associa-
ton Opposed to Woman Suffrage, is
planning to give series of ''causeries'
at her home at which the present sit
uation in Connecticut will be discuss
ed.
Miss Katherine Mullen, suffrage or
ganizer Of New Haven county, ad-
dressed a large and interested au-
dience- of men and women in the as
sembly hall of Barnum school last
evening on the subject of the vote
for women. Representative Samuel
Shaw introduced Miss Mullen Mr..
Shaw told Of the bill for presidential
and municipal suffrage now before
the legislature and explained that
the dangerous part of the situation
was that If the bill passed the house
and the women of the cities failed to
register and use their voting privi-
lege they doubtless would be unable
to get any further bill pertaining to
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
ELLIS w. HYMAN

Ellis w. LYMAN, an electrical en-
gineer, died a. the home of his moth
er, Mrs. Henrietta Hyman. SO Milne
street, last night, following long ILL
ness. Mr.. Lyman was 80 years old
and had not resided in this city long,
having come here from London, On
tario, Canada He is survived by his
mother and a sister. A prayer service
was held at the home Of his mother
this noon by Rev. Charles w. F ind
lay, assistant of ST. Johns Episcopal
church. and the body was sent to Lon
don, Canada, on the 2:03 train this
afternoon
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
FUNERAL DESIGNS AND
BOUQUETS
~ JOHN RICK a SON
UNION MEN

All Delegates of the Cen
trail Labor and all officers of
every Local Union in the
city are notified to attend
meeting in the Carpenters
Hall, Saturday evening, Feb.
3, at 8 'clock. Very import
ant business.
JOHN j. O'NEILL, Pres.
JAS. =. COATES, Sec'y.
81 be
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03

The area devoted to the cultivation
of tobacco in the United States in 1915
was 1858, 400 acres. The production
of tobacco was 1,O60,5S7, 900 pounds,
and the farm value on December i.
1916, $96,O41,o00.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
ELIZABETH WOLFE

The funeral of Elizabeth( wife of
Harry Wolfe, of 104 Lee avenue, was
held from the undertaking parlors of
Hawley & Wilmot at 2:3O this after
noon. Rev Fl. D. Pierce, pastor of
the Memorial Baptist church, con-
Quoted the services. Burial was in
Lakeview cemetery.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
MADE j. LUND

The funeral Of Madz J. Lund was
1held from his late home, 1871 Central
avenue, at $3.50 this afternoon. Rev.
B. F. Kidder, pastor of the Summer
field M E. church, conducted the SER
vices. st. Johns lodge, F. & A. M,
of this city, exemplified their ritual at
the grave and furnished the bearers.
Burial was in Lakeview cemetery.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
OBITUARY
EDNA May WAUGH.

Edna May, the one year and eight
months old daughter of Frederick and
Margaret Waugh, died esterday at the
home of her parents, 461 Pembroke
street, after brief illness.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03

The easy mark people living in
towns and cities are paying taxes to
the department of agriculture for
teaching the farmers how to COM
bine and get higher prices from the
aforesaid town and city consumers.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03

Approximately 20 per cent. of each
potato pared by ordinary household
methods is lost in the process. The
loss includes much and sometimes all
OF the portion Of the tuber contain
ing important soluble salts. Pota-
toes that are boiled and baked in their
skins lose practically none of their
food value.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
FRANK A. WRIGHT.

The funeral of Frank A. Wright
was held from his late home, 1856
East Main street at 1880 this after
noon. The body was taken to Morris
town, N. j., for burial on the 2:05
train this afternoon.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03

Benedict w. Rossano, Keeper at
Riker's Island, was discharged from
the service off the Department of
Correction being charged with SNUG
Cling drugs to prisoners.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
DAVID w. RIsLEY

The funeral Of David W. Risley was
held from his. late home, LAG Center
stree, at 2 o'clock yesterday after
noon. Rev. George M. Brown, pastor
Of the First Methodist church, con-
Quoted the services. The body was
taken ~ autom obile to East Haven,
where ur1al was in Greenlawn ceme-
terry.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
their voting privilege through
house.

Mrs. George T.. Mccarthy of Iran
istan avenue and Mrs. John McElroy
of Noble avenue, will be the hostesses
for the large bridge and whist which
the Ladies Of Charity of ST. Vincent
de Paul will give Friday afternoon
Feb. 9, at St. >Augustine's school hall
in Pequonnock street. The card
playing will begin promptly at
o'clock. A number Of handsome
prizes have been donated for the af-
fair which will be another of the SER
les Of pleasant afternoons which have
been provided for this season by this
organization Of Observation-Disclosures
women.
Mrs. Carolyn B. Doremus Of 237
West avenue was hostess yesterday
afternoon for a delightful tea given
for the leaders and workers in the
Bridgeport Protective Association
campaign. Miss Katherine Hewitt
addressed the meeting and instruc-
tons were given the workers for the
campaign. which begins Monday.
There will be three more meetings,
all at the residence of Mrs. w. S. Will
mot, sos Stratford avenue, Thursday,
Feb. 8, Monday, Feb. IL and Monday.
Feb. 10.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
Bridgeport Line
g NEW YORK
Fare 60 Cents

The Splendid and Commodious
ST e A M e. r. Nj A I N Il
Week Days
Lv. Bot, Peuuonnock Dock, 100 a. m.
Due ". Y. Pier 27, Il. r., 200 a. m.
Staterooms ready for occupancy
$3.50 p, m.
Ret. Lv. N. Y. Catharine ST., 100 a m.
Due Bridgeport, SCOOP. m.
j. III. COSGRIFF, Agent
The New England Steamship Co.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03

The exports Of copper for the week
ended Feb. 1 were 8,306 tons.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
FARM, 14O ACRES

14D acre farm; so acres tillable, so
acres of pasture, 40 acres of timber,
1000 sap buckets and 100 sugar trees,
100000 feet Of pine, one-half mile to
the mill; cut So tons Of hay; running
spring water to both house and barn;
21a miles to the town; also horses, 4
cows, calves pigs,all farming tools,
sugar tools; all hay in barn and crops.
Who has, the best life, the farmer or
the city chap? The farmer of course.
Price $4,000. Call and see.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
INTERNATIONAL
Eco CONTEST

The end of the thirteenth week Of
the contest at Storrs found the total
production at 22,768 eggs. The num-
Der of eggs laid during the week was
1902, or 315 more than they laid dur
ing the previous week and 81 eggs
less than for the corresponding week
last year.
Obed G.. knights White Wyandottes
from Bridgeton, r. L., were first for
the week with a yield of so eggs. This
represents new high record for the
current competition, the previous re-
cord being 40 eggs in any one week.
Closely following the winner was a
pen of Reds owned by Jacob E. jan
sen of North Haven, Conn. They laid
48 eggs. Another pen of Reds own
ed by George w. Harris Of Westport,
Conn, was third with Al eggs. An
other pen Of Reds and a pen of Leg
horns each laid 46 eggs.
One other mark of increased pro-
duction IS the number Of hens that
laid seven eggs during the week. Bar
red Rocks, Nos. 1, 8, 33, A; White
Orpington No. 533, and White Leg
horn No. 932 all made perfect scores
whereas in the previous week only
one hen was able to reach this STAN
dard.
Unsettled weather conditions make
this season of the year interesting not
only in laying contests but more espe-
cia11y in the general egg markets.
Continued cold weather in the great
producing sections or the middle west
and south will tend to keep down the
supply of eggs in eastern markets and
in consequence the price will remain
hi
a decided and prolonged warm spell
in the regions mentioned will certainly
result in an increase in production
and a drop in price. In other words
ut is reasonable to suppose that the
egg market during the next few
weeks will be unstable and f1uctuat-
ing.
The three best pens in each of the
principal varieties are as follows:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03
New York Stock
Exchange Quotations

Reported over the private wires of
i. L. Watson & Co., Bankers and
Brokers. Corner Main and John Sts.,
Bridgeport, Conn. Members Of New
York Stock Exchange.
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-02-03

Right in. the City!
Big Profit Here!
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1917-01-04
NEW CHRISTIAN CHURCH
AT PAYETTE DEDICATED

Payette, Jan. 4.-Sunday was a red
letter day in the history of the Christ
ian church in Payette. The new
church edifice was dedicated Rev.
John Kendrick, the new pastor, had
the entire matter in charge and it was
taken care of in the quiet, earnest
manner that characterizes all his
work. He preached the dedicatory
sermon in the afternoon at $50. At
the forenoon service Professor r. r.
Nelson led a male chorus that very
much pleased the people. A feature
OF the morning music was solo by
Professor Nelson and duet by Pro-
fessor Nelson and Mr. Luce, of Fruit
land.
A statement of the financial condi-
ton was made by the pastor and re-
sponses asked at the morning service,
and about $4,000 pledged. At the even
ing service 10 minutes were again de-
voted to the matter of raising funds
and when through it was disclosed
that about $4,000 had been pledged dur
ing the day.
The members of this church mani
tested large faith when they under
took the building of their new edi-
flee and confirmed their faith when
on Sunday they pledged enough to fin
ish paying for their $4,000 building.
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1917-01-04
THE ISIS.

Marguerite CLARK opens three day
engagement at the Isis theater today
in characterization by thu Famous
Players company of the Grimm fairy
story, Snow White" In the film Miss
Clark has a role which fits her espe-
cially well. The picture opens with a
prologue, which serves to introduce the
characters, after which the main plot
begins by Snow White falling in love
with Prince Florimuni. The wicked
Brangomar, discovering the love be-
tween the two, orders the girl killed,
but the man chosen to perform the
deed, has not the courlge to do it, and
SO a pigs heart is sent to Brangomar
instead of the heart pf Snow White.
How the wicked character then tries
to poison the girl when she finds out of
the substitution, but does not succeed,
furnishes the film with some interest
ing developments.
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1917-01-04
FRUlTLAND TEACHERS STEAL
MARCH ON THEIR FRIENDS

Fruitland, Jan. 4.--Miss Gail White,
Youngest daughter of Mr.. and Mrs Ira
White, and Professor Allen Kinnison.
son of Mr.. and Mrs. II. r. Kinnison,
stole a march on their friends and
relatives last week by going to Cald-
well in an automobile and bein., mar
ried at the Christian church parson-
age. From Caldwell the young couple
went to Boise, returning home Wednes-
day.
Professor Kinnison was recently
elected principal Of the Fruitland high
school, and Mrs. Kinnison is the eff
cient fourth grade teacher.
This was the second wedding in the
Knnison family within a week, an
older son, Banks Kinnison. having been
married ut Eugene, Ore, Dec. 90 to
Miss Anita Taylor. The young couple
visited the Kinnison home several days,
en- route to their home at Atascadero
Cal, where Mr.. Kinnison has a posi-
ton with the Atascadero company as
civil engineer
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1917-01-04
DEATH AT HALEY.

HALEY, Jan. 4.-Thomas Ross died
Thursday at the Cline lodging. He was
taken sick at Muldoon and was
brought to this city by his partner.
Gus Johnson. for treatment. Mr.. Ross
was born in Nova Scotia "a years ago
and came to Wood River in 1881, where
he worked in thu mines. He and Gus
johnson we're partners in mines Al
Mudoon which were recent. sold for
$4,000. The deceased was we'll known
in this section and has made several
friends here. He leaves to mourn his
death an aunt by MARI age, Mrs. Cath
crime Fraser, of this city. Mr.. Ross
was a member Of HALEY Aerie No. 634.
f. o. +. The funeral was conducted by
the Eagles lodge SUNDAY afternoon.
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1917-01-04
AMusEME Nrs
i. i. + + i. ! i. i.
THE MAJEs TIC.

Frank keenan, and Enid Marley
are presented at the Majestic theater
for the last time tonight in the force
full Triangle feature film, lin Grims-
by's Boy" This Offering is made in
teresting and gripping by the charac-
terizations given by Mr.. keenan, and
Miss Markey. and by the atmosphere
provided by the director. The entire
plot centers around the desire of
Grimsby for a boy heir and his re-
fusal to accept the disappointment of
having girl born instead. He reared
his daughter as If she were a boy and
the dramatic clashes between them lead
to complications which are only
Strengthened out at the end of the film.
In addition to the drama of the bill,
a two-part Keystone comedy, Bombs, :"
in which Charles Murray is featured,
is also shown.
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1917-01-04
MADE BLIND BY RIFLE WOUND
Gun Is Accidentally Discharged and
laborer's Optic Nerves Are Cut
Condition Is Serious.

Jacob Schudel, laborcr. employed
at the Holbrook Island farm opposite
Lewiston, was taken to st. Joseph's
hospital suffering from gunshot
wound which entered his head near
the right temple. cut both optic nerves
and rested against the left side of the
skull. leaving him completely blinded.
Schudel had been missed and a friend
calling at the house where he stopped
found him unconscious. DR.. F. T. Har-
ris, county physician. was called.
After being removed to the hospital
he regained consciousness and dis
claimed any attempt at self destruc-
ton saying that the injury was acct
dental. He said he obtained a rifle to
kill birds that annoyed him about the
windows and had taken up the gun for
the purpose of shooting at the birds,
when ii was accidentally dscha rged--
Lewiston dispatch in Spokcsman-R Re-
view
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1917-01-04
THE sTRA AND.

The Bluebird photoplay, Love Never
Dies" in which Ruth Stonehouse and
FRANKLIN Farnum have the principal
roles, is now being shown at the Strand
theater The plot OF the picture deals
with stage life in Paris. and revolyes
around Mendelssohns Spring Song
The stars play the parts of Il dancer
and violinist and give excellent inter-
pretations to their roles The Second
Idaho regiment quartet Is also on the
program and their songs drew much
applause. A single reel comedy in
which the Spanish comedian, Perez
appears closes the bill.
Evening capital news. (Boise, Idaho) 1901-1927, 1917-01-04
Bad Habits.

Those who breakfast at eight o'clock
or later lunch at twelve and have dim
ner at six are almost certain to be
troubled with indigestion. They do not
allow time for one meal to digest be-
fore taking another. Not less than five
hours should eiapse between meals II
YOU are troubled with Indigestion cor
rect your habits and take Chamber
lan's Tablets. and YOU may reasonably
hope for a quick recovery These
tablets strengthen the stomach and en-
able ii to perform its functions natur-
ally. Obtainahie everywhere. Adv-t-th s