davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-02-15
Roland News Notes.
Special to Times-Republican.

Special to Times-Republican.
Roland, Feb. 15.-Next Sunday eve
ming Senator Thomas A. Kingland will
give an address before the Young
Peoples Christian Association OF
Bergens church.
liver J. Norem has been i'll with the
grip.
The choir of Bergen's church will
hold a social next Monday evening at
the school house.
Ole o. Highland is seriously i'll. He
served in the OWL war.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-02-15
STORY PIONEER LOSES LEG.
Injuries Sustained Ten Years Az
Makes Amputation Necessary.

Special to Times-Republican.
Nevada, Feb. 15.--N. j. Nelson, a
we'll known pioneer Story county far
mer, who now makes his home with his
son, Fred Nelson, half mile south Of
the Red Eagle school house, west Of
this city, submitted to an operation for
the amputation Of his right leg just
above the knee Tuesday evening.
This became necessary because Of
gangrenous condition which had set
in as a result of injuries received to
his hip in fall about ten years ago.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-02-15

A bill to provide for teachers PEN
sions fund has been introduced in the
house and will be brought out in the
senate by Senator Parker, Of Polk
county The teachers have been work.
Ing to secure a pension law for several
years but have thus far been disap-
pointed. .s
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-02-15

The senate committee : on schools
will hold an open meeting next Tues
day to consider the county uniforms
sity Of text books and also the bill to
make the office of county superinten-
dent elective instead Of appointiye.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1917-02-07
Agricultural Department
Conducted by C. W. PeHen-AgriculturoI Teacher
in BeLding High School

tanned in the spring, the clover is
stunted in spots after the wheat is
cut and dies out badly the following
winter, the chances are that lime is
needed.
Acid soils are not common in some
localities, but in others, particularly
where the soil originally was formed
by the decomposition of shales and
sandstones, as before stated, they are
becoming more and more common
each year. Acid soils always denote
their presence by a light clover crop
or by complete failure as the case
may be. Acid soils do not furnish
the best conditions for crop produc-
ton because the formation of nitrates
is interfered with. The nitric acid
must have base to unite with, form
ing a salt. For such a purpose, lime
is the most available material, and
there must be an excess of it, over
and above the needs Of the plants.
Again, it has been shown that a great
excess of quick lime is just as un-
desirable as a shortage, since it will
stop a process of nitrifcation until
the quick lime is converted into the
less active lime carbonate.
The simplest and most satisfactory
test of an acid soil is the litmus pap
er test. Litmus paper may be obtain
/, ed of almost any druggist or from
the state experimental station. Take
about tablespoonful of the soil and
moisten to make a thin paste. Cut
piece of blue litmus paper about
half an inch wide and two inches
long, part the soil with a knife-blade
and insert one end of the paper. Press
the soil about it and let it remain for
about five minutes. If the paper
when removed and washed, is strong
ly Redeemed, it is safe to conclude
that lime will benefit any crops grown
upon that soil. The appearance of
the sorrel, or horse-sorrel, is fur
ther indication of the need Of lime.
The presence of free carbonic acid
in the soil also reddens the litmus
paper, but in this case the paper will
turn blue again when It dries. If il
remains red, or wine-colored, the soil
is acid and needs treatment.
No absolute fixed amount can be
given as to the amount of lime to
apply. A reasonable application is
Slack lime, 300 pounds to 500 pounds
quick-lime, 200 pounds and 30C
pounds; ground limestone, one To
three tons. 1t is generally recon-
mended by experiment stations to
make the above applications every
five years to keep the soil sweet.
Lime can be usually applied to the
soil with safety in the spring or al
any other season Of the year for that
matter, but the autumn is always the
safest time to spread.
Lime may be obtained in any of its
various forms from the many con-
Germs which advertise in all farm
magazines, but should be purchased
on a guaranteed availability ANALYSIS
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1917-02-07
Belding Market
Quotations

Corrected Tuesday, February 6, 1T
Beef has taken slight raise since
last week as also has dressed hogs.
The only change in the grain and
feed market is slight raise in corn
and oat chop and corn meal.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1917-02-07

The value of lime as applied to the
soil dates back to the Romans, over
1000 years ago, so it is not new
theory. There are many points, how
ever, which are not well understood
and it is the idea Of this article to
try and answer some of the more per-
tinent questions which come up in
connection with lining the soil.
1t is generally recognized that
lime, when applied to soil judiciously,
is certain to increase the size of the
crop raised. The following questions
then naturally arise: What kind of
soil needs lime? How much should
be applied? When is the best time
to apply it? How should it be ap-
piled, etc? 1t would take many
pages to give in detail all of the facts
regarding the use of lime on the soil,
so the subject is only covered here
with the idea of giving the informa-
ton as effectively, but as briefly as
possible.
The Kind of Soil That Needs Lime
There are two effects produced by
the use of lime on soils, one to correct
the acidity of sour soils and the other
to decompose the soil itself. A soil
which is strongly acid, will not raise
large crops Of clover, cowpeas, alfal-
ia, etc. Crops of this character can
be made to grow on an acid soil by
the liberal use of manure, but they
will never be as large or as rich, be-
cause the nitrogen is missing from
the soil. The other effect produced
by the application of lime is to de-
compose the soil. In this case the
organic matter in the coil is destroy
ed, allowing the nitrogen to be liber-
ated and reducing the stock of plant
food restored in the soil. This effect
is brought about by the use of fresh
burned or fresh-slaked lime, while the
correction in the acid soil can be
brought about by the use Of ground
limestone or ground hydrated lime.
All cultivated soils tend to become
acid and it is only in the those sec
tons Of the country where there is
an abundance of limestone present in
the soil itself that the use of lime in
some form is not necessary.
The addition of lime to some soils
is not necessary, especially when new.
Yet most soils will need the addition
of lime from time to time after they
have been under cultivation for a
certain period. On some soils, lime
is the substance most needed. Such
soils are usually the ones derived
from shales and sandstones. The first
indication of the need of lime is usu-
ally shown by the clover growth.
When, after full stand has been OBJ
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1917-02-07
F A r M A N d
O r. G fl A r D


operative stores investigated the COM
mon employment of many of the resi-
dents of the community or their COM
mon membership in social, fraternal,
or religious associations was an i'm
portant factor making for success.
Laws granting special privileges and
creating special safeguards for CO.
operative associations now exist in
80 states. Persons contemplating
the organization Of cooperative stores
are urged by the departments spec
ialists to consider carefully all these
factors before taking definite steps.
Very thin or patchy stands of al
falfa sometimes result from poor
seed, winter freezing or pulling, or
from fungous diseases. Attempts to
thicken and improve such stands by
any methods of reseeding have usual
ly proved unsuccessful. 1t is best in
such cases to plow and prepare the
seed bed anew, after which the alfal-
ia should be sown again.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1917-02-07

side sprigs or any such defects, would
be a very good utility bird, but il
would not be wise to keep it, mas
much as birds which were not de-
barred from the Standard might be
substituted for it, and the tendency
to breed defects obviated by disposing
Of the defective bird in the market
The mistaken notion that mongrels,
or birds of mixed breeding, are nat
urally as good for utility purposes as
those which have been bred Of pure
stock, should be combated at every
opportunity. There was a time when
the first consideration Of the fancier
was to breed Standard stock.
BY this means stock which would
pass in the showroom without dis
qualification. In those days fanciers
were having hard time getting both
shape and color. A Leghorn without
a squirrel tail and without little
more red in the ear lobes than was
required, was considered q jewel, and
no one asked about the utility quail
tiles Of such q bird.
The beginner Of today has but few
things to contend with, as compared
with those who were struggling with
the breeding problems which came
up for solution some years ago.
1t is not to be wondered at that
when fanciers, having SO secured
shape and color as to be able to de-
pend on their breeding stock to pro-
duce. a reasonable percentage of
Standard chicks, should have swung
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1917-02-07
POULTRY
CONSULTING DEPARTMENT

(By Frank F. Hunstock.)

10y FRANK r. 6unSCOck.)
This is a subject which has been
widely discussed and often from an
entirely erroneous point of view
Very frequently it is discussed as if
utility poultry meant one thing and
Standard poultry another.
Taking the proper viewpoint, the
two should mean the same thing, ex-
cept in very limited sense. From
my way of thinking l reason that the
case could be plainly put by saying
that while all utility poultry should be
Standard poultry, not all Standard
poultry can be expected to fall with
in the lines of strict utility.
For instance, if we keep the dis
tinctively utility breeds, such as Leg
horns, Minorcas, Plymouth Rocks
Wyandottes, Langshans, Light Brah-
mas, Houdans, or Orpingtons, we
should also keep only such birds OF
these breeds as conform closely to
Standard requirements. By so doing
we will so unite Standard and utility
qualities that we have good market
fowls and also high-class birds for
exhibition purposes from which we
will be able to sell stock and eggs
that will satisfy the purchasers.
III Tie case VI ILtSt DIecuS, IHcTt
should be no distinction between
Standard and utility poultry.
There are other breeds which dc
not fall within the lines of utility
Hamburgs are not generally bred for
market purposes. Polish fowls can
not, by any stretch of the magma
ton, be called a utility breed.
Bantams are strictly ornamental
and not to be considered aside from
their value as pets, and their attract
iveness to all poultry fanciers
whether they breed Bantams or the
larger breeds.
Beginners often make the mistake
of thinking that all birds bred from
pure bred stock are Standard birds
but such is not the case. A bird to
be Standard must be of such qaulity
that it would not be disqualified in
the showroom for any defect in shape
or color. A disqualified bird is never
Standard bird, although it may bt
Standard bred. In former years nc
bird which scored less than ninety
points could be eligible to a first pre-.
MUM, and, if we do not forget, any
bird scoring less than eighty-fivt
points was disqualified from taking
any prize. Such a bird was not {
Standard bird, because its defect.
left it beyond the pale. 1t might
I have been bred from the best stock
but its individual defects left it in tn,
Mons Standard class.
1t might happen that a bird dis
qualified for a crooked back, wry tail
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1917-02-07

IN the other extreme, and by talking
so much about utility and Standard
poultry meant two entirely different
kinds Of fowls.
In the nature of the case there are
certain breeds which never can be
classed as utility breeds. They are
fancy breeds pure and simple, pro-
ducing and not laying enough eggs
to make it an object to keep them in
large numbers. These breeds have a
distinct place and use. They satisfy
the demand for beauty, while being
productive enough to pay the expense
of keeping them. The fancier who
has no need to look to the market for
profits will always be found to keep
these breeds, and they will continue
to delight the casual visitor at the
poultry show.
We sometimes think that so much
is said about utility qualities OF our
most popular breeds these days that
those who are not deeply interested in
poultry lore get false impression as
to what is really meant when we talk
of utility and fancy. 1t should be
understood that these terms are not
at all antagonistic. It should be firm
ly impressed on the mind of the great
public, from which we must draw the
accessions to the ranks of poultry
breeders. that fancy poultry if the
highest class may be utility poultry
also with capacity to produce the
greatest market returns.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1917-02-07

NOOH&AdGfC otOItS
While cooperative stores in the
United States are relatively unsuc-
cessful as compared with typical CO.
operative stores in European coun-
tries, the lack of success is not due
to the failure of the underlying prin-
ciples Of such enterprises to hold
good in America, but to the business
methods generally followed in such
undertakings in this county. This
conclusion has been reached as q re-
suit of . survey Of go Cooperative
stores made by the Office Of Markets
and Rural Organization of the de-
partment, the findings Of which are
published in Bulletin 394. In the
many American cooperative stores
which have failed, mismanagement,
inadequate accounting and auditing,
lack Of cooperation, poor business
methods, and lack Of judgment are
responsible.
The results of the survey indicated
that the cooperative store has tend
ed to bring about lower prices, small
Ter margins Of profit, more efficient
business methods, and other prac-
tees beneficial to the farmer. High
est figures are quoted frequently for
produce sold by farmers, in communi-
because of a stimulation Of the local
market.
With the application of efficient
business methods and the education
Of the farmer to clear understand
ing of the functions of cooperative
stores, say the authors Of the bulle-
tin, American cooperative stores may
be made successful. Instances are
cited of unusual savings and large
dividends to members of various as
sociations. Such associations pro-
cure capable managers, it is pointed
out, by paying adequate salaries
take advantage of large-scale pur-
chasing and cash discounts; maintain
proper accounts and cost records;
and watch stock turnovers. The CO.
operative store in general, it is
pointed out, has very great posi-
bilities in this country If the farmer
can be made to understand this nee
essary relation of efficiency to finan-
cial success.
The more general, underlying con-
ditions which Investigations indicat-
ed should be present If cooperative
store is to be successful are: ~
Good leadership among the members
and prospective members, (2) cap
able management, (3) favorable en-
vironment, with regard both to
physical location and to social or oc-
cupational affiliations, and (4) adequ-
ate legal safeguards. The leader
ship should not be confined to one in
dividual, the severing Of whose con-
nection with the enterprise might
prove disastrous, but should consist
in an efficient organization in which
a group Of leaders takes part. Only
a man of good general business abil-
ity should be placed in active man
agement Of the store. The securing
of such a man will involve the pay
ment of a higher salary than is paid
by most Of the stores investigated.
The average salary of the manager
for the enterprises reporting was
$106 a month.
In some of the most successful CO.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1917-02-07
The University of Michigan and
Road Making

One of the most important, though
perhaps the least known, of the pub
lie services rendered by the Univer-
sity of, Michigan to the people
throughout the state is carried on by
the highway department of the en-
cheering college. The service con-
sists Of free laboratory tests of prac-
tically every kind of material used in
the building of country roads and city
pavements. City engineers, county,
township, or other highway officials
have submitted samples from practi-
cally every part of the state, with
the result that data have been COM
piled regarding the character, ex-
tent, and use Of Michigan's road
building materials and that a conse-
quent saving has been made in the
cost of road construction. There is
no charge for this service other than
the expense of shipping the samples.
In addition to this laboratory SER
vice the university conducts annually
a special short course in highway
engineering for the benefit of practic-
ing engineers and other officials en-
gagged in the improvement of roads
and streets in Michigan. The course
continues for week and consists of
lectures by prominent engineers
throughout the country, discussions
of the problems that have presented
themselves in actual experience, and
exhibits Of road-making materials
available in the state, together with
such data as have been collected with
reference to their location and quail
| ity. The various laboratories are al
so opened to the visitors who wish
to study tests as an aid in the selec-
ton and use of road-making sub
stances.
Highway engineering, or the
science of road making and pavement
construction is taught as a branch of
civil engineering, with regular class
room and laboratory work for the
student. Besides the six or more
special courses dealing material test
ing and road and street building, fif-
teen other courses closely related to
highway engineering are offered.
These latter include instruction in
municipal sanitation, the appraisal of
public accounting, and other allied
subjects of vital interest to engineers
generally.
The highway laboratory is located
in the old power house, substantial
building, conveniently near the en-
cheering college. 1t has over 5000
square feet of floor space and is COM
pletely equipped with facilities for
testing road materials, such as paw
ing. brick, road stone, cements, gravel,
and concrete aggregates. Machines
for every phase of road construction
are operated in this laboratory
Among the more recently installed
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1917-02-07
Farmers Club Meets

Farmers Club Meets
The February meeting Of the East
Otisco Farmers club was held at the
auditorium Of the city hall, Febru-
airy /.
About eighty people were present.
The meeting was different than COM
mon, as we were entertained entire
ly by the city members. After din
ner the whole club was invited to
the Empress Hls ST Theatre at to see the play
was very much enjoyed by all.
at the home of Mr.. and Mrs. Elmer
Wise. Mrs. Daisy Chickering,
Corresponding Secretary.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1917-02-07
Good Roads Department
Conducted Especially for the Banner by Hon. P.
7. Colgrove, President of the Michigan
Good Roads Association.

devices are a machine for testing
highway bridge floors, paving de-
Termination for testing the wearing
value of different road surfaces, a
bitumen extractor, sand-clay test
er for investigating sand-clay mix
lures, a brick rattler, and the like.
The machines are similar to those
used in the Office of Public Roads,
Department Of Agriculture, Washing
ton. ID. C. IS =
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1917-02-07

The advantage Of the satisfied GUS
toner is not only that he comes back,
but that he does not come back alone.
He brings somebody else with him.
Belding banner. (Belding, Mich.) 1889-1918, 1917-02-07

II you seek for good business ideas
among casual acquaintances, you may
be surprised to find out what good
ideas people sometimes have about
a business they have never engaged
in.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1917-07-21
SYNOPSIS.

SYNOPSIS.
Lucille Green. charming. but with fads
Is visited at the Green's summer islant
homo by Monty Blaney. Sho proposes 6
weeks fast. All food is banished.
Frank Bopp, n rival sutton. appears un.
expectedly. To get food for himself HI
attempts the mainland by motorboat.
Richmond planet. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1883-1938, 1917-07-21
CHAPTER VI
Moro Mystery.

A QUICK squirt OF flame ahead
~ halted us III our search for
"a Mrs. Green We heard nu IN
distinct murmur of voices. the
sound Of twigs being broken, then ab-
solutc silence.
"Sh!' Kent whispered. LAS we are
not armed. we must creep up as close
as we can. then when the son oe n gun
pipes lis or we can spring on him be-
fore he can wing us. DO you get mc?"
l admitted that his plan was good.
Ihen on your knees and DO care
ful,' he commanded. we crcpt through
mud puddlcs without noticing them.
Then ! heard the sound Of q safety
match being scratched unsuccessfuly
against box. When 1t finally lighted
what would be revealed?
y jagged circle of yellow light flick
cred moment while crouchcd ready
to spring. then burned DINNER and
went out. The silence was unbroken
until the light disappeared, then
Bopp's laugh rang out loud and clear,
Followed moment later by hys-
ter1cal gtggle which recognized as
Lucilc's.
While I scuttled away rs hastily as
possible In order to be out of range be-
fore he could light another match. I
heard him say in childish falsetto,
"One-two-three for Monty!
did not hear what else no had to
offer because I got out of earshot as
soon as possible. A few hundred
yards on the trail back to the house
Kent Joined mo. We proceeded Indian
fashion silently for awhile.
Finally he runlnatcd: tits sure
queer how l forgot about her and him
being on tho island. If it hadn't been
for them we was doing fine. sup
pose We'll have to go back to tho house
and begin all over again."
mo moro footprints" l insisted
hastily. "Wc1l just hunt as plain anna
tour hunters and cut out the detective
stuff"
Kent was ylsibly crestfallcn.
Suddenly tho mufiled report Of gun
reached our ears.
'Thcy've found her." said Kent
without enthusiasm. lets go back"
hcsitatcd. l hated to face Lucille
after the ridiculous scene OF short
time before. Finally asscnted.
When we reached the house no one
was In sight.
"Probably upstairs putting the old
dame to bed" Kent said.
l went up, raped on Mrs. Green's
door and entered. There was no sign
Of her. Puzzled, I went downstairs.
Nobody there" announced to
Kent.
Just Mt that moment there was n
sound outside, and looked out to SEQ
Lucille and Bopp arriving.
well" sighed Lucille. "where's
mother?"
"Where did you put herr" I coun.
tered.