davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29
CULTURE OF PEANUTS
Boil Seed in Boiling Soap Water
to RepeI Rodents.
Nuts Should Be Planted In Moist Soil
Run Drag Harrow Over Crop II
Weeds or Grass Threaten
Can Be Stored In Barn.

(By FLETCHER DAVIS, Texas Depart
ment of AgricultureJ
II takes about one and II half pecks
of the larger varieties of shelled pea
nuts and one peck of the Spanish or
one and quarter bushels OF whole
pods to plant an acre. Where the
whole pods are planted, they should
be soaked in water few hours-not
long enough for them to spoll-and
planted down in the moist soil before
being permitted to dry. If there Is
liability of rodents destroying the
seeds, 1t Is claimed by some that they
can be protected by dissolving a tive-
cent bar of laundry soap in boiling
water and stirring thoroughly into this
a half pint Of coal oil and then mix
Ing this hot preparation with suffi-
cient quantity Of cool water to soak
two bushels Of peanuts In the hulis'
This preparation should not be used
on shelled peanuts, and II Is better 10
poison the rodents before planting
rather than seek to repel them In TINS
way. The nuts should be planted In
moist ground. hut they need be COW
cred to a depth varying from three
quarters Of an inch in heavy soils 10
two inches In light sandy soils,
If the soil shows a tendency to bake
or is becoming foul with weeds or
grass, drag harrow can be run all
over the crop while II Is young or just
coming up, being careful, Of course, to
set the teeth Of the harrow 50 as not
to tear the plants out of the ground,
or where soil is loose and loamy ana
when grass and weeds grow rapidly,
the first and even the second plowing
may be done by running a sweep shall
low and close enough TO completely
cover Ip all the grass, weeds and even
the peanuts. This operation, II done
In time, will clean the rows by smoth'
ering the grass and weeds, but the pea
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29

content in the soil, while with n prop
er rotation, using soil-lmproving
crop every three or four years, 1t Is
possible to maintain the supply Of
humus.
The rotations to be followed will
depend entirely upon the individual
farmers needs, but the following Is
suggestive and may be changed.
A good four-year rotation for the
northern part Of the sweet-potato
growing area would be-
First year-Sweet potatoes.
Second year-TOmatoes or other
vegetable crop, with clover seeded
late between the rows.
Third year-Clover.
Fourth year-Corn.
A suggestive four-year rotation for
the Southern states would be:
First year-Sweet potatoes.
Second year-Oats, followed by
cowpeas or peanuts.
Third year-Cotton with bur clover
or crimson clover between the rows.
Fourth year-Corn with cowpeas,
peanuts, or velvet beans between the
rows.
A good three-year rotation
First year-Early Irish potatoes or
other early vegetable crop, followed
by sweet potatoes.
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29

other cities, until 1t had become a pop
ular patriotic song throughout the
country.
In Its original printed form 1t bore
the title, Defense Of Fort McHenry,"
with the following Introductory re-
marks, written by Judge Nicholson:
The annexed song was composed under
the following circumstances A gentleman
had left Baltimore in nag of truce for
the purpose OF getting released from the
British fleet friend Of his who had been
captured at Marlborough. He went as
far as the mouth Of the Patuxent and
was not permitted TO return lest the in
tended attack on Baltimore should be dis
closed. He was therefore brought up the
bay to the mouth of the Patapsco, where
the nag vessel was kept under the guns
OF frigate. and he was compelled to wit
ness the bombardment OF Fort McHenry.
which the admiral had boasted that he
could carry in few hours and that the
city must fall He watched the flag Of
the fort through the whole day with an
anxiety that can better be felt than de-
scribed. until the night prevented him from
seeing It. In the night he watched the
bomb shells and at early dawn his eye
was again greeted by the proudly waving
flag of his country.
The tune is that Of "Anacreon OF Heav-
en-. originally an English club song. pop
uiar among the younger set OF Baltimore
at the time Key wrote the stanzas.
"Hail Columbia" Is a pure product
Of American soil in regard to both
words and music, and was written In
1898 by Joseph Hopkins, a prominent
jurist, who lived from ITO to 1S42.
The poet himself explains the circum-
stances which led to the writing of
the words as follows:
Hail Columbia" was written in the
summer OF 1873. when war with France
was thought to be inevitable. Congress
was then in session In Philadelphia, de-
batting upon that important subject, and
acts Of hostility had actually taken place.
The contest between England and France
was raging, and the people Of the United
States were divided into parties for one
side or the other, some thinking that pol
Icy and duty required US to espouse the
cause OF republican France. as she was
called. while others were for connecting
themselves with England. E. The theater
was then open In our city A young man
belonging to II, whose talent was high as
singer, was about to take a benefit.
had known him when he was at school,
On this acquaintance he called on me one
Saturday afternoon. his benefit being an
nounced for the following Monday. His
prospects were very dlsheartening. but he
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29

nuts will come through to perfect
stand within "a to 4S hours, provided,
Of course, they are not covered too
deep, In which case they may never
come through. Frequent shallow cul-
tivation with ordinary implements to
keep down weeds and maintain soil
mulch Is all the cultivation needed.
Even this should cease when the plants
begin to peg and by the last plowing,
a gently slOping ridge or bed should
be formed around the plants,
II grown only for feed, they can be
stored In the barn or stacked In n
larger stack when thoroughly cured
but If the nuts are to be crushed at
the mills--and many c0ttOnseed oil
mills are now prepared to crush them
or sold to buyers, they must be pick
ed from the vines. This can be done
either by hand or by machinery, but
II is best, If possible, to employ the
latter as being more economical and
faster. There are two kinds Of thresh-
ers-the rotary thresher and the pick
er. The rotary thresher can be bought
for from $500 to $500, and there Is
peanut attachment for the ordinary
grain threshers that can be had at 500
to 800. Some object to the rotary
thresher on account of the large per
cent of the nuts that II damages and
prefer the peanut picker, machine
that works on different principle
from the rotary thresher. If n com
munty grows sufficient acreage OF
sound, clean peanuts, threshers will
seek out those communities TO cater
to the custom Of the growers.
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29

piece. Though no longer national
song, 1t Is still a national air and Sec
Ond only to Dixie In patriotic popu-
larity. For $50 years Yankee Doodle
has appealed to our people, and the
tune shows no sign Of passing into
oblivion.
Many words have been spent In dis
cussing the origin Of the title Of this
song, and at least sixteen separate
and distinct derivations of the words
have been seriously set before the pub
lie. The earliest dated reference to
the tune appears In the first Ameri.
can ballad opera, "The Dlsappoint.
ment," Philadelphia, 1867. 1t was
played In America as early as 1853,
for In the Journal of Transactions In
Boston, September 2S, 176s. we read;
"The fleet was brought to anchor near
Castle William; that evening there
was throwing Of skyrockets, and those
passing In boats observed great re-
jolcing and that the Yankee Doodle
song was the capital piece in the band
of music"
The earliest appearance In print Of
Yankee Doodle" In Europe has been
traced to James Ards "a Selection Of
Scotch, English. Irish and Foreign
Airs" published In Glasgow about
1880, Mr. Sonneck asserts that Yam
kee Doodle" did not appear In print In
America until Benjamin Carr's Fed
eral Overture medley of patriotic
songs, including yankee Doodle" and
composed In 1904, was published,
Adapted for the pianoforte," by B.
Carr, New York, in January, 1905.
Since then some interesting and now
rare renderings of the piece have been
issued.
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29
BUILDING UP LAYING STRAIN
Poultryman Must Give Much Consider.
alton 10 the Fowls That Are
to Head the Pens.

In building mp a laying strain Of
chickens the ponltryman must give a
great deal Of consideration TO the birds
that are TO head the pens. The male
birds should he the offspring Of fe-
males of good laying strains The
male bird has a greater influence In
strain breeding than the average
breeder gives him credit for and TOO
often strains do not develop to the
satisfaction OF the breeder because no
consideration Is given TO the egg-pro-
ducing qualities Of the ancestry OF thl
male bird used.
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29

Prepared by the United States Depart
meDt VI AEriCulturel
Sweet potatoes can be grown on
nearly every type Of soil. but sand
or sandy loan soil will give the best
results. The SubSoil should be clay, 50
that the plant food will not easily
leach away, but the clay should be Of
porous character to afford good
drainage. Soils medium In fertility
are to be preferred to very rioh soils,
for the latter will produce a heavy
growth OF vines AZ the expense Of roots.
Good crops may be produced on run
down cotton, corn, or tobacco lands
If a leguminouS crop is planted to
increase the humuS in the soil New
ly cleared pine land will produce ex-
cellent crops Of sweet potatoes when
properly fertllized
Rotations
A systematic rotation Of crops
should be praCtced when raising
sweet potatoes, for in this way II is
possible to check materially the
spread of sweet-potato diseases. The
continuous cropping of the land with
sweet potatoes depletes the humus
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29
Traffic Problems Adjusted.

An efficient traffic department can
save the individual shipper hundreds,
possibly thousands, of dollars each
year. The traffic department of the
present day-chamber Of commerce acts
as eyes and ears for every shipper.
The maze OF regulations, tariffs and
service conditions on railroads Is So
intricate that one man cannot keep up
with all the changes. 1t is costly for
every business house to maintain a
traffic division of its own. So all OF
them can 20 in comparatively and get
all the service their business demands
ut an Insignificant cost.
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29
HOME T. I
TOWN q q
HELpSk] J
BAD HABIT OF UNTIDINESS
CITIES Spend Much Money on Parks
and Then Tolerate Junkheaps
and Refuse-Piled Alleys

The other day we walked by par
tiCularly attractive suburban resi-
dence. The house was goal and the
broad lawn showed both taste and
care. Like Il pretty little girl In a be-
coming Sunday school dress, with her
hair Curled, the premises made you
think pleasantly that somebody's af-
fection was centered upon II. II was
50 attractive that We turned into the
cross street In order to walk along
that side OF the grounds. A garage
stood at the corner Of the grounds
abutting on an alley; and fairly In the
mouth OF the alley, unavoidaby catch
ing the eye Of whoever passed down
the cross street. lay heap of junk
and offal, evidently thrown cut from
the garage and the house. The alley
itself looked as though 1t might lead
to pigsty.
That Is strictly typical. The alley.
of course, did not belong to the house
holder, and he did not care rup how
II looked; so, with one hand he offered
the passer-by n rose. while with the
other he hit him In the eye with an old
tin can.
We do litter up the landscape abom-
inably. 1t Is n national habit that
ought to be broken. Cities and towns
should not only have ordinances for
bidding unnecessary litter. but enforce
them. Anywhere you will find city
spending 100000 or $l,000,00O to
make beautiful park, and then toler-
ating all sorts of needless ugllness.
Any woman will tell you there Is
no use In wearing fine dress along
with hat that has been tished out OF
n garbage can; for the dress simply
emphasizes the hat. The more we
spend on parks and front yards the
less tolerable junkheaps and refuse
piled alleys become. What cities and
towns are insisting upon reasonable
enthusiastically Evening Post.
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29
!l!Eiigiiga Of lu5y lIa Pat FatbrinHtrE 6nr1g-s-
z Z q q & 4 4 & & 4 q 4 & q & 4 {

written by Rev. Samuel F. Smith, who
lived until 1895. and has himself writ
ten luminouSly upon the subject. From
Boston he wrote to Admiral Preble
September Il, 1872:
The origin OF my hymn. my Country.
Tfs Of Thee" Is briefly told In the year
1881 Mr.. William c. Woodbridge returned
from Europe. bringing 8 quantity Of Ger
man music books. which re passed over
to Lowell Mason. Mr. Mason, with whom
l was on terms OF friendship. one day
turned them over to me. knowing that
was In the habit OF reading German
works. saying. Here, I can't read these.
but they contain good music. which
should be glad 10 use. Turn over the
leaves and II you find anything particu-
larly good. give me a translation or imi-
tation Of II, or write a wholly original
song-anything. so l can use It."
Accordingly. one leisure afternoon. I
was looking over the books and fell in
with the tune of God Save the King"
and at once took up my pen and wrote the
piece In question. II was struck out at
a sitting without the slightest idea that
1t would ever attain the popularity II has
licly sung was at a chidren's celebration
OF American Independence at the Park
Street church. Boston. l think. July 4.
1882. II had anticipated the future OF
It, doubtless would have taken more
pains with It. Such as It is. I am glad to
have contributed this mite TO the cause OF
American freedom.
Mr.. Sonneck had this to say regard
ing the use of an English tune to the
words Of America:
''The main objection raised against
America has been the union Of the
words with that foreign air Of cosmo-
polltan usage, God Save the King
Yet there Is this difference, which
should never be overlooked: II the
Danes or the Prussians use God Save
the King they have deliberately Dor.
rowed 1t from the British. Not so with
us. God Save the King was. before
1910, as much our national anthem as
that Of the motherland. Being Brit
sh air, 1t belonged to the British col
onists just as much as 1t did to the
Britons at home.
"'Yankee Doodle Is sometimes call.
ed a national song-incorrectly so, be-
cause, with practically now obsolete
text, or texts, it Is hardly ever sung,
but merely played as an instrumental
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29
Il,e lassesI they sat every day,

said that II he could get a patriotic song
adapted to 'The Presidents March" he
did not doubt of full house. that the
poets Of the theatrical corps had been
trying to accomplish 1t, but had not sue
ceeded. told him that would try what
l could do for him. He came the next
afternoon. and the song. such as It is.
was ready for him. Such Is the history
of the song, which has endured infinitely
beyond the expectation Of the author.
The song met with immediate sue
cess and was repeated again and again,
being named "New Federal Song" and
no entertainment of the day was con-
sidered complete without 1t.
To run down the history of the mu-
sic of "Hail Columbia" written orig
inally as the presidents March," Mr..
Sonneck found a much more difficult
task than giving the plain narrative
of the applied words. Wading through
an immense amount of historical data
and some controversy upon the sub
ject, he has brought out facts which
he would only put forth after the most
careful process Of sitting and deduc-
ton.
until recently" he said, "the musi-
cal origin Of Hail Columbia was as
obscure as Its literary history was
clear" But. Weighing all the evidence
in the case, he carefully sets down
the fact that the presidents March,"
which supplied the music for "Hail Co
lumbla," was composed by Philip Phile,
resident of Philadelphia, of perhaps
German or Swiss origin, and musician
and instructor of note. (His name Is
usually spelled incorrectly; the above
Is the correct spelling)
america" the national hymn, con-
tains no mysterious history. 1t was
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29

Sonneck permitted recent caller to
CLEAN from these dOcumental data re-
garding this country's national songs
and supplemented them with some ad-
ditional verbal information.
Almost everyone knows how the stir
ring words rushed from the heart and
hand of Francis Scott Key on the early
morning Of September IA, 1914, when
the English were bOmbarding Fort Nc
Henry. Fewer, perhaps, know that
he jotted down the first rough draft of
the song on the back of letter as he
sailed up the Patapsco on one of the
enemy's vessels that early morning,
when he saw through the dawn's ear
ly light that our flag was still there"
He completed this draft upon the
American boat which brought him to
Baltimore that evening. and later that
night, In his hotel in Baltimore, he
made a clean copy Of those jottings,
and this first fair copy Of the words
ia still in existence and may yet be
seen at the Walters gallery in Balti-
more.
On the morning after his arrival In
Baltimore Key took his poem to his
friend and relative, Judge Joseph Hop
per Nicholson, for his critical opinion
llpon it. This was evidently favorable,
for II was Immediately printed and its
first appearance in public was in the
form of a sheet, or broadslde, which
was distributed through the streets on
the day after 1t was written. Its first
dated appearance was in the Baiti'
more Patriot of September 20, 1874
Next day'it appeared in exactly the
same form in the Baltimore American
and then, in single sheets and in news
papers, it spread from Baltimore to
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29

One end of a tool invented by q
Frenchman for smoothing rough edges
of collars and cuffs serves as button
hole opener.
An English inventors safety suit for
aviators Is covered with parachute
like pockets and the entire garment
can be inflated to help break the force
of a wearer's fall
An inventor in Nebraska has patent
ed wire netting covered frames to
cover open automobiles to catch hats,
wells, or other articles that otherwise
might be blown away.
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29
Street Tree Roots Near Surface.

Nearly all street tree roots are
found within two feet of the surface.
Seldom are conditions favorable for
deeper delying. Soils should be pre-
pared so that roots may penetrate to
any depth, but conditions must be in-
vitlng. Air must freely penetrate be-
yond the root zone, and there dyna-
mite and wash sand down into the
rent and cracked soil that it may not
again close W solid.
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29
SOME P0STSCRIPTS

BY means OF a secret process Il
French scientist converts flowers
fruit and even animal tissues into
metal.
A Minneapolis inventors adjustable
road scraper has been designed to
serve equally well as a snow p!ow'
An entire notebook or single sheet
of paper is held equally well In new
convholder for typewriters in which
the COPY is advanced as desired BY
messing o lever.
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29

This mixture contains about S.S per
cent phosphorlc acid, % per cent
nitrogen, and 10 per cent potash.
The commercial fertilizer Is usually
applied in the row where the crop Is
to be planted and stirred with the
soil by running slngle-shovel cul-
tlya,or In the row. A ridge Is then
thrown up over the fertilizer, The
fertilizer should be distributed at least
ten days before planting begins, so as
10 avoid any burning of the roots OF
the plants.
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29
Youth.

There is Gods gift of youth, mex
presslbe, beautiful, glorious, divine. 1t
is for youth that the rest of US live;
it is on their motions that we hang;
1t is for them that we labor, suffer
and endure; 1t Is for them that we
fout the Ills of life; 1t is for them
that we are blind to death. Youth
wonderful youth,-sO great n gift to
possess, so infinitely greater a gift to
perceive in boys and girls about you
H. D. Sedgwick, In the Atlantic
Magazine.
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29

needed. And when they follow leg
luminous crop very little nitrogen Is
needed In the commercial fertilizer
The whole question of fertilizers
should be studied, for the amounts
Of the different elements to use and
the sources Of these elements will de-
pend upon prices and the materials
that are available.
A suggestive formula that would
do for many conditions Is us follows: ::
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29

w snS s1%tSs the at tunes mss of 5ie ths ~'Eas na
tional songs will mean more to every
American than ever before.
Realizing that as time goes on, his
tory. which may be prObed for truth
now. in another generation would be
too far removed from the links of liv-
Ing memory to certify accuracy, many
men are giving time and effort to ex-
tracing the real historic facts from
the maze Of fiction surrounding the
origin Of many Of this country's ma
tional songs, which have become an
Important part of her integral life.
No man has given more time and
more effort, nor sifted facts more thor
oughly to get at the true history of our
national songs, than has Mr.. o. G. T.
SOnneck, chief of the division of music
of the library of congress, and he has
embodied these facts In reports pub
lished by the government In book form,
which save them for all time.
Unless he has traced matter to the
bedrock of certainty, report with Mr..
Sonneck is never complete, and a call
at his Office in the music division of
the library found him with his latest
published reports on the national songs
on the bookcase at his side, and all
heavily interleaved with penned and
penciled annotations which bring evi-
dence down to the very minute. Mr..
Macon beacon., 1917-06-29

"'Yankee Doodle Is sometimes call
ed a national song-incorrectly so, be-
cause, with practically now obsolete
text, or texts, 1t Is hardly ever sung,
but merely played as an instrumental
Evening journal., 1917-03-01
Gas COMPANY Offers
new RANGES FOR old

A paragraph IN the half-page adj
vertisement OF the Wilmington Gas
Company in this issue Of THE EVEN
ING JOURNAL led a reporter to seek
an interview with the "ad' writer OF
the company in the hopes OF getting
some information about shipments
of gas ranges being held up. "Yes,
that is a fact" said the "ad" writer,
land the management of the company
was even loathe to give us an allot-
ment OF even 200 ranges to dispose OF
in March because of threatened
scarcity OF this merchandise during
the coming summer In years past
no limit has been placed on the adj
vertising department in announcing
the March sale. The entire stock
has been open for sale, but condi-
lions this coming year have changed
greatly Prices have advanced sharp
~. and all indications at present
would point to a shortage of gas
ranges unless manufacturing condi-
tons change rapidly in the next few
weeks. Our big advertisement in
today's issue states the fact very
clearly.n
Evening journal., 1917-03-01

grasp from Francis II. Hoffecker, ac-
companied with a word OF kindly
greeting, which was a habit with him,
could never be forgotten. HIS heart
and soul were IN every word and act.
He was a cOurtly gentleman, and he
honored his profession. not only by
his legal learning and attaihments.
but above all, by his unfailing dignity
and courtesy and his kindly consider
alton for all men in all his relations
with them. He set standard in this
respect which many might initiate
with advantage.
"He was public spirited, and to the
extent OF his ability was ever ready
TO extend a helping hand and TO exert
his influence in helping forward every
good cause 10 which his attention was
called.
"Mr. Hoffecker met LIES varying
fortunes with bravery and courage,
not despairing when fortune was
adverse and not being unduly elated
when brighter prospects prevailed.
lie met every test and proved himself
one OF natures nOblomen.
"He was an honor to his profession,
a good and useful citizen. a loyal
friend and a man of true nobility Of
character, whose memory we cherish
with Just pride and affection"
Before ordering the resolutions
spread upon. the records OF the court
most complimentary remarks were
made by Chief Justice Pennewill,
Chancellor Curtis and Judge Heisel.
Out Of respect to Mr.. Hoffecker the
court adjourned.