davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1917-05-23
CARE FOR SHOES AND HARNESS.
Shortage OF Leather is Considered by
the Government.

Washington, May 19.-War de-
mands leather--leather for soldiers
shoes, leather for harness, leather for
equipment OF many kinds. In this
country there is not such surplus that
one can afford to waste any OF it;
and it is wasting leather not to care
for and preserve it properly. In the
army and out, all wear shoes. If one
manages them rightly they will last
longer, one will not need so many
new shoes and there will be more left
for others. The following suggcs-
tions from the leather and paper la
boratory of the United States Depart
ment o: Agriculture can be utilized
by every one who walks:
To Save Shoes.
Shoes should be oiled or creased
whenever the leather begins to get
hard or dry. They should be brushed
thoroughly and then all the dirt and
mud that remains washed off with
warm water, the excess water being
taken off with a dry cloth. While
the shoes are still wet and warm ap-
ply the oil or grease with a swab Of
wool or flannel 1t is best to have
the oil or grease about as warm as
the hand can bear and 1t should be
rubbed well into the leather, prefer
ably with the palm. If necessary,
the oil can be applied to dry leather,
but ii penetrates better when the lat
ter is wet. After treatment the
shoes should be left to dry in a place
that is warm--not hot.
Castor oil is satisfactory for shoes
that are to be polished; for palmer
footgear neatsfoot, fish oil or oleine
may be substituted. If it is desired
to make the shoes and boots more
waterproof, beef tallow may be added
to any Of these substances at the rate
Of half pound of tallow to pint
of oil. The edge of the sole and the
welt should be CREASED thoroughly.
Too much grease cannot be applied to
these parts.
A simple method OF making the
solcs more durable, pliable ,nd wa
ter resistant is to swab them occa-
sionally with linseed oil, setting them
aside to dry over night.
Many Of the common shoe polishes
are harmful to leather. All those
which contain sulphuric, hydrochloric
or oxalic acids, turpentine. benzinc
or other volatile solvents, have ten
lency to harden the leather and
make it more liable to crack.
1t is poor economy, too, to wear a
shoe with the heel badly worn on
one side. This throws the shoe out
of shape and may soon result in it's
ruin. 1t is also likely to cause tenn
porary injury to the foot.
TO Preserve Harness.
Harness leather, like shoes, can
not be neglected without injury that
lessons its durability. 1t should be
washed and oiled frequently. The
washing should be done in tepid wa
ter, with neutral soap and a sponge
or stiff brush. After rinsing in clean
tcpid water, the harness is hung IN to
drain little while before oiling.
For driving harness neatstoot or
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1917-05-23

to me at times. Lydia E. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound and Liver Pills re-
stored me to health and want to thank
you for the good they have done me. +
have had quite q bit Of trouble aad
worry but it does not affect ,ny youth
ful looks. My friends say 'Why do you
look 80 young and well?' I owo it all
to tho Lydia Il. Fin'>hiri yepct,iea. "
Mrs. RoET. SToP,:y., i:&Cc AYcnra,
Washington Park, Illinois.
Myou have any symptom aDoul whish
you would like TO know write to tho
Lydia e. Pinkham Medicine Co., Lynn,
Mass, for helpful aGvlce given free Of
charge.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1917-05-23
Better" Farming in the South
o USE FERTILIZERS MOST PROFITABLY
Fertilizers Supply One Without Which
Crops viii Be

conditions be provided for the plant
so that the fertilizer used may enable
the plant to grow most vigorously, ana,
therefore, bring about the biggest
yields.
Vigorous Seed
The fundamental, good growing con-
ditions making possible the most et-
ficient use of plant foods, are good
seed, good seed bed and good culti-
vation.
All planting seed must have strong
vitality to germinate and grow rapidly.
Seed should also be Of a variety adapt
cd to local conditions. Time and rate
Of planting must be given attention.
for either one OF these may very ma
terially effect the yield Of the crop.
Good Seed Bod
Conditions required in the soil for
best plant growth, and biggest acre
returns from fertilizers used, are
good, we'll prepared, finely pulverized
seed bed. 1t should be mellow and
firm, so as to enable the roots to
penetrate freely and deeply in search
Of food and moisture, and to allow suf-
ficient circulation Of air. 1t should
be we'll drained. 1t should be we'll
supplied with organic matter which
aids in absorbing and holding moisture
and improves the structure and tilth
of the soil. Good cultural methods
must be employed SO as to destroy
weeds and retain soil moisture.
If the preceding conditions arc sat
isfactory for plant growth, then, and
not till then, are crops able to make
the most efficient use OF plant foods
within their reach. II any one OF
these unfavorable conditions exist.
plant cannot fully utilize the foods
supplied in fertilizers. Under good
growing conditions fertilizers are used
very profitably, proof Of which Is fur.
nished by thousands OF farmers all
over the South. Fertilizers contain
genuine plant food, and, Of course.
have a marked beneficial influence
when applied in sufficient quantity,
and the plants are otherwise given a
fair chance. The question now Is,
Are you striving to SO improve your
soil conditions that you may utilize
the value Of fertilizer 10 the fullest
extent?
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1917-05-23
BLEASE Ar WAR DEPARTMENT.
5. {. Delegation Discusses the Con.
Scription Board Appointments.

Washington, May ia delcga-
ton from South Carolina, headed by
Cole l.. Rleasc. called at the War De-
'partmcnt to-day to discuss the ques-
ti0n OF boards to pass on the cXcmp-
tions from conscription in the Pal
mettO state.
In the absence OF Secretary Baker
Assistant Secretary lnsraham rccciv-
ed the visitors. who were introduced
cy Senator T.. ID. Smith. Senator
Smith did not remain for the hearing
because Of another engagement. Rep
rcScntativcS Ragsdalc. stevenson,
Ni"hol!S aud Dominick were present
throughout
Nr. BlcaSe made the opening state
mcht and w. A. Stuckcy and others
submitted supplementary obscrva-
tions. The cause OF complaint was
declared to be that Governor MAN.
ming had varied the program gene
rally followed in appointing boards
OF registration in that he had substi-
tutcd for the sheriff some other citi-
Zens, the general rule as asserted by
the complainants. being that the She
riff. county clerk and Judge Of pro-
bate court formed the board
Above Suspicion.
Representative Ragsdale said it
was inconceivable that Governor
Manning would appoint boards not
above suspicion. Representative Ste
yenson declared that only men OF the
highest character, most judicial turn
OF mind, and freest from political
bias should be appointed on the ex-
emption boards. He said there
should be no suspicion that any man
would not have square dearregard-
less Of political faction. All present
acqniesced in that proposition. The
Assistant Secretary said that the
registration boards already appointed
were not charged with any discre-
tionary powers. 1t was their duty.
he said, only to enroll the persons Of
the required ages, and he asked if
there was any suspicion that they
would not honestly do this There
was general agreement that no suspi-
cion existed as to that matter. but
apprehension was expressed that the
exemption boards would have the
factiOnal bias they claimed to have
been given in the case OF the enroll
mcnt boards.
Judge Advocate General CrOwdcr
was present at the hearing and after
wards assured all concerned that the
fairness OF the exemption boards
would he carefully protected.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1917-05-23

castor oil is best, but for heavy har-
ness there may be some tallow in the
oil. The applications should be
light for driving and liberal for
heavy harness. The oil, warm to the
hands, is rubbed thoroughly into the
washing. Excess oil which the lea
ther is unable to take up should be
removed with q clean, dry cloth.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1917-05-23
For Your Child's Cough.

Here's pleasant cough syrup that
every child likes to take, DR.. Bells
Pine-Tar-Honey. If your child has
a deep. hacking cough that worries
you give him DR.. Bells Pine-Tar-
Honey. The soothing pine balsams
relieve the cough, loosen the phlegm
and heal the irritated tissues Get
bottle to-day at your druggist and
start treatment at once. 25c.-Ad3.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1917-05-23
NERVOUSNESS
and blues
Symptoms of More Serious
Sickness.
Washington Park, Ill.-"I am the
mother Of four children md have suf.

fered ith female,
trouble, backache,
nervous spells and
the blues. My chill
dren's loud talking
and romping would
make mo so nervous
I could just tear
everything to pieces
and / would ache all
over and feel so sick
that l would not
want anyone to talk
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1917-05-23

The ambition
OF every farmer Is
to make the larg-
est crops possible
every year, and 1t
it his duty to
make them whom
he can. But har-
vests of large
c + ops remove
largo quantities
OF plant food from
the soil. This de.
crease of plant
food finally pre-
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1917-05-23
The ouInlne That Does Not Affect rhe Hs,o
Atlanta, Ga.

Bccause Of It's tonic and laxative effect, LAXA-
TIVE BROMO DUMMIES better than ordinary
Quininc and does not cause nervousness nor
ringing In head. Remember the full name and
look for the signature of 4. w. GROVE. 2sc.
Keowee courier. [volume] (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, 1917-05-23

The robber demands the bank;
death demands the banker,
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
In a Few Seconds
Shells Are Dropping

In the meanwhile, different type
of work is going on. Duplicates of
the photographs have been rushed to
the General Staff Office, where ar
tillery observers with high-powered
microscopes search them carefully
for indications of new works of
military Importance - ammunition
dumps, communicating railroads,
Notifications, troop concentrations
or anything else that might be the
better for the attention of heavy
guns. The moment such place is
located its position is flashed to ar
tillery headquarters, and in few
seconds shells are dropping on the
spot.
Once having viewed these maps, it
is easy to see that they are the only
ones of real military value in pre-
pairing to make an attack or to resist
one. Every road and every she'll
hole on it, every house, every bar
rack, every ammunition dump, every
railroad, every siding, every depot
is shown in detail. Scouting trips
now and then with a few pictures
snapped here and there serve 70
keep the great map correct to within
a period of hours.
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
E.scadrilles Shower
Tracts on the Heather

Results are not always obtained
as quickly as that, nor are they al
ways so striking.
There is other work, too. Twice
a week there's little job Of news,
paper delivery for the Escddrilles
des Armees. Little fruit has fallen
as yet as a result of this work, or
if it has it hasn't made much OF
a thump, but the delivery goes on
with the utmost regularity and with
the greatest faith that persistence
will win.
Literally, the French fliers are the
paper carriers for the Boche.
Tracts" we call the papers. They
are newspapers printed in German,
Of course, supported by German
Americans and democratic Germans
in neutral countries, which are de-
signed to carry the gospel of democ-
racy to the Boche. They are the
"Neue Deutscher Freie Presse" and
the "Frankfurter Zeitung."
Each plane takes about 1000
"tracts" aboard and goes sailing of
on its missionary errand. The OBJ
iective of each is some barrack
where it is known that considerable
numbers of soldiers are quartered.
The tracts" give the news of con-
ditions in America, Of the nations
that have severed diplomatic rela-
tions with Germany and Of the aims
of the Allies. The entry of America
into the war on the side Of the Allies,
with the promise Of active military
support, the news Of the great war
preparations under way in this coun-
try-all were told in the ''tracts"
which we showered down on the
heather.
To-day the Boche Is kept in touch
with the progress of the Liberty
Loan and the purposes to which the
money is to be devoted by his faith
full paper carriers. When the car
riers arrive over a hostile barrack
the soldiers come scurrying out by
scores and hundreds to pick up the
papers which go fluttering down.
They know well enough when their
semi-weekly sheet is due, and dis
play not the slightest fear that it
might be a bombing party. But
they are chary about being caught
with a copy in their possession, as
they are severely punished for read
ing this literature.
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04

Right here is where America, I b.
lieve, is going to be Of the most q.
sistance. America can supply pilot.
and machines in vast number Ana
the side that can overwhelm the oth,,
in the air and maintain its sum.
riority is the side that will win N.
war. Forget not that France mus
withdraw pilots from one sector 20
carry on an attack in another. With
American aid this will not be nece..
sary.
The Liberty Motor is going TO "a.
troduce a new element into air fight.
ing, too, if, as l have heard, it is
rioiseless. II is the staccato beat Of
the night bomber's motor that Be.
trays him to the bombee. All these
night-hawks carry red and green
lights, signal lights, underneath their
wings and have to make the proper
response TO prearranged set Of
signals (pass words) to get past our
lines without loosing the anti-air.
craft guns. But despite that pre-.
caution and the terrific uproar of the
present motor they get.over now and
then-in fact, quite frequently.
On the Flanders front our camp
was near that of some British Of,
GERS and the evening before my de-
parture for America went over to
have a farewell dinner with them.
We were seated in a marquee ten.
about 10 o'clock in the evening when
there came the deafening roar Of the
anti-aircraft batteries on every side,
and the spiteful chatter Of machine
guns. Through all the uproar We
could hear the beat of Boche motor
sounding like Fiat at the Grand
Prix.
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04

conditions. | have seen an excellent
photograph, minute details discerni-
BILE to the naked eye, which was
taken from a height of 1900 feet
something like three miles and a
half.
The photographer learns TO esti-
mate the altitude at which weather
conditions will permit him to use his
cameras. The various strata of mists,
the relative positions of clouds TO the
sun, their size and color, all come
under his practised eye before this
group leave on their perilous mis-
sion. And always must they fly high,
where there will be less chance of
shrapnel interruption and lurking
Boche patrols.
AS the result of constant work at
this business of Photographic map
making strange atmospheric freaks
and their effects on Photographic
plates have been noted, and gradu-
ally, as the flying photographers
compare experiences, the science of
air photography is being developed.
Generally speaking, an absolutely
clear sky affords the best possible
conditions. A high cloud layer that
reflects light down to the earth also
results in good pictures. Clouds that
are broken and lower afford an oppor-
tunity for concealment until the ac-
tual moment of shutter-snapping has
arrived.
Massed, low-hanging clouds, rain
or thick mist usually make photog-
raphy impossible. 1t has been learned,
however, that certain form of mist,
almost impenetrable to the human
eye, offers no difficulty to the fast
lens, but in fact seems to filter the
light rays in such a way as to re-
produce an extraordinarily clear
picture. So far as | know no expla-
nation of this phenomenon has been
found. Military photographers, like
military aviators, are not inclined to
worry much about causes except
those which underlie conditions that
must be remedied. Those that fight
for us are accepted with gratitude.
Two and sometimes three times a
day we go out flying perhaps fifteenI
or twenty kilometres behind the G%-
man lines, running a gantlet/ of
continuous shrapnel from the anti
aircraft batteries every foot of the
way, and all to win a two-minute
opportunity to hover above some
point that is not yet part of the
great new Photographic map the ex-
perts are patching together back at
general headquarters. Sometimes we
are in the air six or seven hours in
one day. New maps are being made
constantly, especially before an at
tack
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
Searchlights Fingered
The Darkness-Seeking

Somebody doused the lights and
we went out. Such a scene as net
our view was undreamed Of and in.
possible before the war. The whole
sky was alight with electric beams
from horizon to horizon. Away Of
on the Channel patrol boats wen
lingering the darkness and every
searchlight for miles behind the lines
was weaving back and forth, sweep.
ing gigantic circles in the darkness.
searching-seeking.
Through the coldly luminous dark.
ness that veiled the earth and the
brilliant glare that lit the sky came
bursts Of flame as the anti~aircratt
shells exploded by dozens, scores
then hundreds. A million criss-cross
jets of fire marked the course Of the
luminous bullets from the machine
guns that went streaking across the
whole scene.
Shrapnel from our own guns was
raining down on US thick and fast,
SC we put on our steel helmets in a
hurry. Still, above the hideous din
of the snickering machine guns and
the clamorous anti-aircraft guns
which was punctuated by the thud-
ding boom of the bombs the Boche
was dropping came the insistent
drumming Of the motor.
At last a searchlight found him
and by thrice repeated sweep sig.
nailed the target to the others. At
once all the beams converged upon
ore point in the heavens and Just
for moment we caught glimpse
of the Boche. He wasn't more than
1000 feet up, but in an instant he
had lost himself again. Only his
noise remained.
Recollection Of that scene and Of
the final escape Of the Boche despite
the handicap of his motor impels
the most profound respect for
motor that is noiseless.
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
Latest Development
In Fighting Fliers

This group of fliers, always swoop-
ing, circling, lodging among the
bursting shrapnel and always main
tanning its compact formation, is the
latest development in aeroplane
scouting. 1t is the most trying SER
vice in all the air, the most pro-
ductive of military results and the
least productive of glory.
Within an hour after it returns
general headquarters will have a
new series of photographs showing
in minute detail the situation behind
the German lines. Five minutes later
shells may be falling on some i'm
portant point revealed by these new
pictures.
Fifteen or twenty kilometres be-
hind the German trenches the aero
planes 90, to some predetermined
objective. Here the leading plane
will swoop down, probably to an alti-
tude of about 1000 metres, while its
companions-or escort-circle in a
kind of mad but orderly pinwheel
dance above it. In a few minutes
a dozen plates on each Of three
cameras attached to this plane will
have snatched map of the country
side below, the big plane rises, the
smaller ones dart to their accustomed
places and the perilous fight, midst
incessant puffs of shrapnel, back to
the French lines begins.
Such a group is an escddrtue
darp,ee; one is attached to each
army corps in France. 1t is a sub
division of the first of the three
branches into which the department
of aviation is divided. The three
are as follows:
The avions de chdsse, single
scatter machines, carrying just a
pilot, who are the scouts and fight
ers.
The ovions de regalement, two
seaters, carrying pilot and OBJ
server, whose function Is to regu-
late artillery fire by "spotting"
shots and correcting ranges by
wireless.
The avions de bombdrdme'lt,
night fliers, that bomb important
military positions.
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04

in DAYTIME, a thing before unheard
of. for as a rule all traffic moves
only under cover Of darkness in the
war zone.
By the time we had counted four
teen trains the sun was beginning
to climb, and we started straight
back to our lines. We reached them
without incident, except for the
usual salute of shrapnel, and re-
ported what we had discovered.
Although the day was fair, the
attack was not prosecuted. 1t was
evident that the Boche was ready
for US. The advance and the sup
ports were left to dig themselves in
and hold what they had won, but
the whole mobile reserve was packed
into trains and started at top speed
for Verdun.
Everybody knows now what hap
pened then, but not many OF them
know what made it possible and why
the attack was switched to Verdun
from Flanders. 1t was the binding
OF the eyes of our army for those
three days that prevented our fol-
lowing up our victory. 1t was the
fact that we recovered our sight be-
fore the Boche did that let us win at
Verdun.
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
The Two-Seater Must
Refuse to Fight

Always our chief duty is to get the
two-seater plane back with the pict-
ures. There must be no yielding to
the lure to stop and engage in due
with the Boche. We must pass him
by. The pictures are our first con-
sideration. 1t is tantalizing some
times to see a Fritz sailing along
below you, where you could hop on
his tail and riddle him with your
Vickers.
But it can't be done, for ten
chances to one the silly-seeming Fritz
knows just as much what he's about
as the ruffed grouse that plunges
squealing across your path with
trailing wings when her brood is
close by. A more sinister motive
impels the apparently reckless Fritz
Ambushed behind some cloud bank
are probably three or four more OF
his kind, waiting for the chance to
assail the biplane if we are lured
into their trap and leave it without
it's full protection, so that the odds
would be in their favor. The chance
would come if our formation were
/ broken by one or more machines
swerving off in the hope Of adding
another Boche scalp TO their string.
Those pictures are worth a dozen
German planes. They must be
brought back. Every personal con-
sideration, meaning army citations
and palms, must be sacrificed to the
execution of this military mission.
Moreover, the plates are not the
only treasures that we are convoy
ing. The machine that carries them
is one in itself. The planes used OH
an expedition Of this sort are the
much discussed "Spads," with the
Hispania-Suissa motors Of 200 horse
power. Ordinarily their speed is 120
miles an hour, but they con do 140 if
crowded. But there are certain
wrinkles about the picture-taking
machine that are brand new. None
of the late model planes thus far has
fallen into the hands Of the Boches, so
they don't know all about our system
of mapping yet. And we, the fight
ing escort, must see that they don't.
Members of the convoy have been
trained in group flying and tactics
are prescribed for almost every con-
ceivable situation. There is scarcely
an attack possible that will not set
in motion a series Of plays" or ma
nGuvres, much in the fyshion that a
football team will run off series Of
plays on a single set Of signals. or
course, all these evolutions have for
their object the protection Of the
plates and the machine carrying
them
n the Boche patrols fail TO see US,
the black pufs Of their snti-aircraft
guns soon tell them Of our presence