davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
FEST OF MUSHROOM
Small Whitish or Yellow-Whitish
 Maggots Are injurious.
DAMAGE BY OTHER INSECTS
Prevention of Loss by Bugs Begins With Construction of House Purchase Spawn From Deal-
 CTS Who Are Reliable.
tRy c. Fl. PopENoE.l


 Cultivated mushrooms are subject to attack by variety of pest, espe- cially during warm weather. Some of these may be brought into the house In the compost of which the beds are composed attacking the mushrooms through preference. while others feed normally upon mushrooms and are at- tracted from the wild forms outside through the greater abundance of their natural food plant in the culti- vated beds. Injury by these pests ire quently becomes serious.
 Ire insect and other pests which usually attack cultivated mushrooms. and those of which complaints are most frequently made. may be divided roughly into four classes, namely, mushroom maggots mites, springtaiis, and sowbugs. Of these the maggOts are the most generally injurious, the mites following in order of importance owing to the difficulty with which their eradication is accomplished. and then come springtails and sowbugs in the order named.
 Injurious Forms.
 The injurious forms commonly known as mushroom maggots" are small. whitish or yellowish-white mag
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
TO IMPROVE COUNTRY ROADS
Bonds to Raise Money Should Not Be Sold Until Funds Are Actually
 Required for Work.

Bonds to raise money for improve ment of country roads should not be sold until the funds are actually need ed. In one county where the system of financing roads was studied recent ly by road specialists, it was found that the premature sale of bonds in- volved loss aggregating as much as $5,000. The county got the money be- fore it could vse it In building the roads and had 60 pay interest on this money much in excess of what it could obtain on It's cash balances in the bank.
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
First-FIoor Plan.

be proportioned to carry the load with out settling. The foundation walls and
 footings and the floors are of concrete. The foundation wall extending around the outside of the building Is made solid with footings two feet wide by
 eight inches deep. There are two cross foundation walls under the interior bents which support the joists under the grain bins. These cross walls are carried down to footings two feet wide by one foot deep. The concrete drive way is laid at grade. only enough ex- cavation being made to prepare the soil for the concrete slab. The con crete is laid about one foot six inches above grade under the corn cribs, ex- cept for the trough along the center of each crib, the bottom of which is only slightly above grade. This trougn has vertical sides and is used for the sheller drag and also for ventilating purposes. There is also sheller
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
By WILLIAM A. RApFoRp.

At this time 1t is particularly neces- sary that the farmer do everything in his power to prevent waste of grain and other foodstuffs. A great deal depends upon his ability to turn out record crops and his wisdom In caring for new crops until the produce is placed on the market. There is a new interest in the construction of corn cribs and granaries.
 The building shown in the accom- panying illustrations is an excellent type for the average farmer. It is a combined corn crib and granary built with two stories, 26 by 40 feet on the ground. The height Is IS feet to the caves. There are corn cribs at the sides and grain bins overhead, in the center. A driveway 10 feet wide, having 10 feet of headroom, runs through the center below the bins. Such building saves wastage, losses
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26

each bin to hold the studs in place against the pressure of the grain. The bins are sealed inside with flooring. The. rafters are by 4s sheathed open and shingled. The cupola is framed entirely with by As. There Is a downspout in the center of each bin. These may be made easily of 1-inch by 10-inch boards, a wooden slide gate with hand hole being provided at the lower end, or sheet metal spouts may be used, the sheets being riveted together The upper ends of the spouts are securely fastened to the joists.
 Six-light windows are placed high up under the gables in the grain bins. and a window is placed in each end of the cupola. Double sliding doors are used at the ends of the driveway, these doors being hung on roller bear ing hangers mounted on protected steel tracks. The contents of this building represents a good share of the farmers profits, so that a small investment in lightning protection Is i4AOtAt2 NAHNlS NBSHts AL ltttSl OnG lightning rod should be used, mounted on the peak of the cupola roof and grounded by the shortest route. If the equipment within the building con ] sists of any extensive metal parts, these should also be grounded through the lightning rod conductor.
 The building must, of course, con- form to any special demands made upon it by the elevating machinery which is selected. In general, the eupola must be constructed so that corn and grain may be delivered by chute to the cribs and bins from the elevator head. The floor must, for some elevators. be constructed with a pit under the elevator shaft There is sufficient headroom in the driveway so that the front of the wagon may be jaclSed up in unloading. Minor changes in such building are easily made, but the principal point to be considered is the strength of the struc- ture. This building has been very carefully designed for strength with economy of materials considered. The | farmer will do well to be sure that any building which he intends to erect for a similar purpose be carefully | checked over by someone who has ex- pericnce in the construction of grain loads and the strength of building ma terlals.
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26

himself that the policy of the state highway commission is the correct one. Let us consider first of all the expensive type of road construction, such as concrete, or the best grade of macadam. This type of road will cost approximately $10,O00 per mile, and let us suppose that the cost of construction is met by issuing 20- year Az per cent bonds. The annual expense on account of this first cost would be about $790 per mile. And these roads will need some mainte- nance, possibly not much over $50 per mile per year. This brings the total cost up to about S830 annually per mile for the expensive or so-called per- manent type of road.
 Now take a well-eonstructed gravel road and the cost for this road win run about $4.000 per mile for con" struction, figuring again on basis of 20-year A per cent bonds and the annual account for first cost will be about $310 per mile. The cost for maintaining these roads, if properly done, runs up pretty high, and it can be well done with an expenditure of about $240 per mile per year.
 This makes total annual cost then for the surfaced road of approximate ly $550 annually per mile. A compari- son of these two annual costs shows $2S0 per mile per year in favor of the cheaper roads.
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
FEEDS FOR BREEDING STOCK
Judicious Use of Roushage and Pas lures Keeps Cost of Maintenance
 at Reasonable Level.

A good thrifty condition in breeding animals keeps the cost of maintenance at a reasonable level and insures maxi mum production. Such condition may be had by judicious use of roughage and pastures. The University of Mis- souri college of agriculture has found that clover or alfalfa hay. fall sown rye or blue grass pasture that has not been grazed closely will cut the grain requirement of the brood SOW in win ter. Corn silage with cottonseed meal will maintain breeding cattle in win ter.
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
seeond-FIoor Plan.

These joists are 3-inch by 14-inch in size, placed 12 inches on centers. The inner studs, above the plate just mentioned are 2-inch by 6-inch, 12 inches on centers. The inner and out CT studs are tied together every 4 feet in both directions with 2-inch by 6-inch sticks. Likewise, ties are extended across the grain bins near the center of the studs, 4 feet apart. The exterior of the corn crib wall is covered with 1-inch by 6-inch crib
 siding spaced l inch apart. The end
 of the building outside of the bins and
 also the walls of the cupola are cov- cred with drop siding. Two trussed
 braces are placed in the outside end of
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
GUERNSEY IS HIGH PRODUCER
In General Appearance Breed Has Plain Attractiveness That Ap-
 peaIs to Dairyman.

The Guernsey shows various cOlOrss so red, light lemon, orange and yellow fawn may be expected, sometimes soh i'd, but more often with white mark ings. The white color markings ars found on the face, Hanks, legs and sometimes on the body. h general appearance the Guernsey has plain attractiveness and an even balance that makes a strong appeal to ths dairyman. Larger than the Jersez but not as large as the Holstein, the
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
GRAvELED ROADS ARE CHEAP
Can Be Built and Satisfactorily Main taIned at a Less Cost Than
 Other Types-

By E. B. HOUSE, State Agricultural
 College. Fort Collins, Colo.)
 I have heard considerable discus sion lately concerning the policy of our state highway commission in constructing the kind of roads it has decided upon, and 1t is often ar gued that the only type of road Is the so-called permanent road, the one that needs no maintenance.
 If one will take pencil and do a
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
DRYING UP A cow DIFFICULT
Milking Habit in Some Is So Stronasv Developed They Give Milk Up
 to Calving Time.
Ry "; s. CUNNINGHAM. Assistant

By ". S. CUNNINGHAM, Assistant
 Animal Husbandman, University of Ar;-
 zona Expe -iment Station.)
 Many times certain cows are very difficult to dry up. The milking habit Is so strongly developed that they tend to give large quantity of milk right up to calving time. The proper way to dry up most COWS is to cut off all grain In the ration and milk only once a day for a few days. Then lengthen the periods between milkings by milking only once in two or three days unHI the secretion of milk is nearly stopped. In very persistent cases the feed sup ply may have to be cut down morv severely. However, there is little dan ger of injuring the udder if reasonable attention is given.
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
Work Drag After Rains.

There are many times when days work can be spared on the road. Af- ter heavy rains the road may need cer- tain repairs or Improvements when the overseer is not ready to call out the hands. Why not individual farmers donate days work on the road at such time?
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
TO HURRY BUTTER GRANULEs
# They Do Not Form After Churs'lna Reasonable Time, Small Amount
 of Salt Will Help.

When the butter granules do not form after churning reasonable tinss try putting a small amount or taps salt in the churn. A little warm Wa.es has the same effect of hastening Jus granulcs. Too much warm water maKea soft butter.
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
PLENTIFUL SUPPLY OF WATER
One of Most important Problems That Confronts Up-to-Date Farmer--
 Factor for Health.

The plentiful supply of good, whole some fresh water in the home, tns stable and the feed lot is one Of tns most important problems that confroiM the up-to-date farmer. Its successIu solution will be factor in keeping hlm and his family in good health and as home" on the farm.
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
TNO STORY CORN
 CRIB AND GRANARY
Y He Would Prevent Waste, the Farmer Must House His
 Grain Carefully.
APPROVED DESIGN DESCRIBED
TAls Building Protects Against Storm and Dampness and Saves Much Labor in Handling - Work
 Room, Too, in Winter.

Mr. William A Radford win answer questions and give advice FREE OF COST on all subjects pertaining to the subject of building work on the farm, for the readers of this paper. On account of his wide experience as Editor, Author and Manufacturer. he is. without doubt the highest authority on all these subjects. Address all inquiries to William A. Rad ford No. 1927 Prairie avenue. Chicago, Ill.. and only inciose two-cent stamp for reply.
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26

Guernsey shows the capacity for worE so desirable in the dairy COW. Years and even centuries, of tethering in ths fields of Guernsey islands have given the Guernsey cow a gentle disposition and in the respect she stands on paf with the Jersey.
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
TREATING CALF FOR ScouRS
Reduce Ration one.Half, and # no iss provement Give Dose of Subni-
 trate, SaioI and Soda

First, reduce ration one-half. It can does not improve within 12 hours trea4 ps follows. Mix one ounce of bismut. suhnitrate, one-half ounce of saiol ana three ounces of hicarbonate of SOU and give one teaspoonful three or 1o& times a day until recovered.
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26
Joy Ride to Town.

A trip to town now to lay in the win- ter supply of necessities, Is joy ride compared to what that same trip will be when the roads get muddy.
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26

gots, usually having black heads. They are the larvae, or young, or certain small, two-winged fungus gnats or flies, usually black or blaclzish in color, and belonging to several species. They are minute, measuring only about one- tenth inch in length and about one eighth inch in spread of wings. They are rapid and prolific breeders, espe- cially during warm weather, frequent ly occurring in mushroom houses so abundantly as to darllen the windows.
 The mushroom mite Is a minute soft-bodied mite, smooth skinned, and white or whitish in color. It is closely allied to the common cheese mite and resembles that species in appearance. It becomes, at times, so abundant in mushroom beds as to cover the surface of the compost; when present in such numbers it is extremely destructive, feeding upon the mushrooms in all stages and penetrating the beds and destroying the mycelium. Indeed, in one case observed, the mycelium was destroyed as fast as it was produced.
 Injury by Springtais.
 At times the surface of mushroom bed becomes alive with minute brown or black insects which, when distrib- uted leap about like fleas in an ex- tremely cratic manner. These are known as springtails, since the spring ing is performed by the aid of two shoYf br.iSfIpS cft1Tated on tho and Sap- ment of the abdomen. These insects are often attracted to the manure used as compost, where they feed on the de- caying vegetable matter present, but on occasion they may become very in- furious in mushroom houses.
 Considerable injury is often accom- plished to mushroom beds through the attacks of oval, grayish or slate-col- ored creatures bearing seven pairs of legs called sowbugs. These insects freqte damp, dark places, such as
The Pulaskian., 1917-10-26

Geese are very hardy and free from diseases and insect pests.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-02-08
". h. EWING. we'll KNOWN
YACHTMAN. IS DEAD

Funeral services for william II
Ewing. who died yesterday in Phila-
delphia, after an illness lasting near
ly a year. will be held at the resi-
dence OF his son-in-law, Frank u Nc
Intire, 225 North Connell street, Sat
urday. February 10, at 10 O'Clock.
Solemn requiem mass viii be sung at
st. Paurs Church. Interment at
Riverview Cemetery.
Mr. Ewing was b2 years old and
/ had been connected with the vii
mington Trust Company. OF this city
, for the past thirty years. having COM
menced as a bookkeeper. At the time
OF his death he was assistant treas
urer OF the company stationed at the
Second and Market streets branch.
Death Is said TO have been due to kid
ney trouble. He has been unable 20
attend TO business for three or four
months
Mr.. Ewing was we'll known as a
yachtsman, having been commodore
Of the Wilmington Yacht Club and a
member OF the United Boat Club, of
Wilmington and OF various yachting
and boating organizations in Phila-
delphia. His yacht "Gniwe" is we'll
known among the boats here.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-02-08
SAYS Delaware NOT
HIGH IN Education
Attendance Outside of Will
mington Less Than 90
Per Cent, He Says
ANTIQUATED WAY OF
RAISING THE TAXES
Correspondent,

Stan Correspondent
DOVER. Del, Feb. S.-United states
Commissioner OF Education DIT. p. r.
Claxton, IN plain languageatold MEM
bers OF the Legislature, in joint ses-
sion this afternoon, some OF the edu-
cational needs OF the State. Al the be-
ginning OF his remarks DR.. ClaNton
pointed out that the wealth and wealth
producing power Of the State depends
on education.
He stated that Delaware does not
rank very high from the educational
standpoint, and that only Sll.5b Is
being spent on the average for the
education OF each child, while some
States spend three times that much.
"The attendance in the schools
outside OF Wilmington is less than ou
per cent. and you don't know how
many children OF school age IN the
State are not attending schools, ne
said "This Is one of the few States
that does not take n census to md
out Just how many children are out
OF schools. The average length OF
school days In Delaware for the aver
age child Is but Go days"
Dr. Claxton pointed out that the
teachers in Delaware are less pre-
pared than they are in many States
lie also said Delaware is the only
State IN the Union that sticks to its
antiquated system OF raising taxes &C
cording to the rental value
He urged one great need in Della
ware as to schools Is proper super
vision. and that schools cannot be ef.
ncient without proper supervision
One-third OF the teachers outside Of
Wilmington this year. he said, never
taught before.
DR.. Clayton pointed out the neces.
sity OF the Legislature passing a bill
increasing the appropriation for the
State College for Colored students
from $4,000 to $4,000 a year so thai
the institution can be raised to 9
standard OF efficiency that will enuu'
It to receive the Federal appropria
ton Of $4,000 annually.
A vote OF thanks was extended t.
the speaker.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-02-08
MRS. c. A. GRIFFITH Is
"a YEARS old TODAY

Mrs. Catherine A. Grifith, who lives
with her daughter. Mrs. Charles II.
Triggs, at No 2018 Market street, 10
today celebrating her eighty-fourth
birthday anniversary. Owing TO the
fact that Mrs. Griffith has been in i'll
health for the past few months, no
formal celebration OF the event was
held. However, many friends and
relatives called during the day to ex-
tend best wishes to her while numer-
GUS floral and other gifts we're re-
ceived.
Today also marks the birthday an
niversary OF two OF her great grand
children, Ella Massey who is nine
years old and little Marion Massey
who is three. They are the children
OF Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence Massey or
No. 2521 Tatnall street. the former OF
whom is a grandson OF Mrs. Griffith
Mrs Griffith is one Of the Oldest
and best known residents in what used
to be known as Brandywine Village.
She has been a member of Asbury
NJ p. Church for many years. Her
husband was the late Peter Griffith,
and previous to her marriage she was
Miss Catherine Currinder of Ogle-
town. She has three children living,
They are: A. Waiter Griffith, Of
Youngstown. o.; John G. Griffith, OF
Camden, Del, and Mrs. Charles II.
Triggs Of this city, with whom she
makes her home.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-02-08
NEGRO SLASHED
IN NIGHT FIGHT
Jacob Ellis in Death Shadow
After East Fifth Street
Row
SMITH is HELD
UNDER HEAVY BAIL

In free-for-all fight at No. S19
East Fifth street, late last night, be-
tween a party Of colored men and wo-
men, Jacob Ellis, colored. Of No. 1911
West Ninth street. was slashed across
the stomach by a knife and his in
testines severed. Ellis was removed
10 the Delaware Hospital, where his
condition was critical
In City Court this morning Charles
Smith, at whose house the cutting oc-
CURED was held under $4,000 bail for
a further hearing on March on q
charge Of assault with intent to COM
NIT murder.
Just what caused the fight is I'M
known to the police, but by their
quick work in arriving on khe scene
they were able to arrest Smith, Oliver
HILL May Smith, Harry Woodward
Henry Smart and Moses Beatty as
witnesses. Hill, who comes from
Philadelphia, was held under $500
bail as a witness, while the others
were held under their own recognize
ance.
At the preliminary hearing thii
morning a physician connected witt
the Delaware Hospital reported thai
Ellis stomach cavity was punctureC
and he was in a bad condition. Clerl
Of City Court Frank b. Newell wen
to the hospital early this morning
and endeavored to secure the deposit
ton Of Ellis, who at that time wal
in a semi-consoious condition.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-02-08
Catch NEGRO accused
OF SLASHINC ITALIAN

Patrolmnn EntriSen, Of West Chester
Pa. on information furnished by the
local police yesterday morning arrested
William E. Jones, colored, in a pool room
there on a charge Of assault with intent
to commit murder, preferred by the
local police. Jones was brought here
last night by Detective Kempsll, and In
CITY Court this morning was held under
$1,000 bail for q further hearing on Feb
ruaiv a. Jones is charged with assault
ing Attila putanai. an Italian living at
No. 2l3 Walnut street, on Tuesday
night, and Alfred Pin and Herman Will
son who were with Jones at the time,
the assault is alleged TO have occurred,
were held under like bail in City Court
Yesterday. Pin and Wilson according
to the police, EavlJones did the cutting
Jones says the other men cut the Italian
From what the police have been able
TO find ont about the case, the three col
ored men met Putauia in front of his
house late Tuesday evening and started
an argument with him. The Italian Is
said to have cursed the men. whereupon
they attacked him.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-02-08
BETTER THAN CALOMEL
Thousands Have Discovered DR..
Edwards Olive Tablets are
a Harmless Substitute

DIR. Edwards Olive Tablets-the sub
stitute for calomel--are a mild but sure
laxative, and their effect on the liver is
almost instantaneous. They are the re-
suit of DIR. Edwards determination not
to treat liver and bowel complaints with
oalomel. His efforts to Danish il brought
out these little olive-colored tablets.
These pleasant little tablets do the
good that calomel does, but have no bad
after effects. They don't injure the
teeth like strong liquids or caiomel.
They take hold Of the trouble and
quickly correct It. Why cure the liver
at the expense of the teeth Calomel
sometimes plays havoc with the gums
So do strong liquids. II Is best not TO
take caiomei, but TO let DR.. Edwards
Olive Tablets take lis place.
Most headaches. "dullness" and that
law feeling come from constipation and
a disordered liver. Take DR.. Edwards.
Olive Tablets when you feel "loggy' and
sheavv" Note how they clear clouded
brain and how they "perk up the spir-
;ts. lOc and 25c box. All druggists.
Evening journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1888-1932, 1917-02-08
VICTORIA SHOWS PICTURE
OF RETURNING SOLDIERS

Besides the regular program a spe-
cial film of the Delaware boys is be-
ing shown at the Victoria Theatre to-
day. The film shows the boys on
their departure for Deming, and a spe-
ciai film OF their return and recep-
ton yesterday Owing to the weather
conditions the film taken Of the re-
turning troops is not as good as the
management had hoped for. The fea-
ture film Of the day Is "The Bride Of
Hate. featuring Frank Keenan, and
Margery Wilson in the perturbation
of fascinating southern story. Dur
ing the past three showings of the
week the film attracted much atten-
ton, and, as the photoplay will be
shown for the remainder of the week
all will have the opportunity to view
/ It, AS an added attraction, Charlie
Chaplin is seen in his latest scream
easy Street" where the comedian is
hseen at his best.