davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1915-current, 1917-08-01
COTTON CROP ESTIMATED
AT II MILLION BALES

WASHINGTON. August 1.-THE cot
ton crop Of the United states is esti.
mated at 1890 900 by the department
of agriculture. The condition Of the
crop on July rs was announced ss sew.
,nty and three.tenths per cent OF nor
mat
Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1915-current, 1917-08-01
ANOTHER KITCHEN INVENTION

81 am afraid this high cost of liv.
ing is going to introduce another in
novation in the average kitchen"
What Is that?"
"The fQodless cooker" Baltimore
American.
Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1915-current, 1917-08-01
THERE'S A REASON

Because n girl with pretty teeth
laughs at your Joke is no sign that
the joke is especially amusing
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
Jack Carignan, Jr. New
Fl. Yates Postmaster
Jack Carignan, Jr. Passes Succes.ful
Examination and Succeeds Father
as Fl. Yates Postmaster

Jack Carignan, Jr, Monday ev.
ening received his appointment as
postmaster at Fort Yates to succeed
his father j. NJ. Carignan, who re.
signed last fall following his election
as member of the Legislature.
MIR. Carignan passed successfully
the civil service examination con-
pcted here by j. f. Giegold, chief
clerk Of the Fort Yates Indian
Agency, January 9th. He has
served as assistant postmaster for q
number of years and is thoroughly
familiar with the office.
News OF the appointment of Jack
Carlgnan as postmaster will be pleas
ing to his many friends and it goes
without saying that the Fort Yates
postoflice will continue to br con.
Quoted in an efficient and business
like manner.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
No State Wolf Bounty
In N. D, After July l
Governor Frazier Has Vetoed Appro.
priation for Paying Wolf Bounty
Fund Now Overdrawn

The state will cease paying for
dead wolves after July 1, as a re-
suit of the governors veto of the an
preparation provided for this pur-
pose. In fact, the state has prac.
tlcally stopped payment now, for
lack of funds.
March 1, the state auditor had on
file wolf bounty certificates calling
for $3.50 and he had but $40, 600
with which to honor them. Certi-
hcates now on file for s13, 900 can
not be paid, and new patches, some
calling for payment of as much as
much as $50, representing twenty
dead varmints, to one individual,
are coming in daily.
The state auditor Is mailing out
letters to certificate holders adyis-
Ing tnat the laws OF 1913 relating to
wolf bounties, were repealed by
Senate Bill No. 1888, and that no
bounty will be offered after July l.,
and that it will be necessary for the
legislature Of 1919 to appropriate
money with which to redeem un-
paid registered certificates issued
prior to July 1st. =
In the meantime certificates are
being registered and returned to the
senders, who, legislature and Pro-
violence willing, may collect the
amount due, without interest, two
years hence.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
"Birth of a Nation"

Quite number Of people from
Fort Yates went to Mobridgc Sum
day to attend the Birth of a Ma
ton" Although one of the parties
had quite a little trouble in getting
there, they all seem to feel that the
show was worth it. This said par
ty met with the following mishaps:
Pulled out Of the mud by an old
white mule (which was ably assisted
by F. A. Winsor and C Shields.)
Missed the train. On their return
from Mclaughlin to Fort Yates the
car broke down and they were OBJ.
]iged to spend the remainder of the
night out on the prairie. Outside
OF that everything went smoothly.
-Aasone those m!se.-nsnt fsom here
were F. A. Winsor, j. G. Shields,
Sam Long, e. c Means and son
Hobart, Paul Chapman, Dave Bab-
bit, Geo. L. Wycht and the Misses
Gencvive Ostrum, Ophelia White
and Gladys King.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
Work On Big Ft. Yates
Garage Is Under Way
Oscar Baumann Has. Begun Work on
4ox7o Modern Concrete Garage
Building on Townsits

Work Of excavating for a new
garage building Of concrete block
construction was begun this week
by Oscar Baumann. The building
which will \ be 4Ox7O feet lie located
on the Standing Rock Trail on the
Fort Yates townsite, and the loca-
ton is a very desirable one in every
way.
Work Of making the concrete
blocks have been under way all
winter and Mr.. Baumann has near
ly enough blocks finished to COM
plete the building 1t is under
stood that the roof will be Of steel
which will make the building prac-
tically fireproof.
The new garage will be equipped
with machinery for doing all kinds
Of repair work. Mr.. Baumann will
also carry full line of all kinds of
automobile supplies and accessories
in addition to oils, aud gas filling
station.
Mr.. Baumann has also arranged
for the agency Of several we'll known
makes Of automobiles and when
located in his new quarters will have
in addition to garage room ample
storage space for new cars that he
will carry in stock.
The cost of the undertaking will
reach a considerable amount, and
Mr.. Baumann is to be commended
as a progressive business man who
is doing his part to keep pace with
the growth and development of the
community and county.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
Start Flowing

John l.. Turner and Gus Hokan.
son went to Mclaughlin Friday
after their gas tractor pl9wing out.
tit which was shipped there. They
ssssa,raee ,tsvith,.s .sshc sat- ttf6it-ss,ssel.:st
and have started in blowing on the
Benjamin White place west of Fort
Yates, where they have leased 1OC
acres which they will crop to wheat
Their tractor is a 1924 Emerson
which pulls three breaking plows,
and it looks like first class, sub.
stantial outfit.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
Shield. Moose Inhalation

L. 0. o. NJ, Shields Lodge No.
I'LL, installed the following officers
Tuesday evening this week:
L l.. Carter, Dictator.
+. A. Shipman, V-Dictator.
VIM. Owens, Prclate.
j. w. Fletcher, Secretary.
II. W. Cupples, Treasurer.
Chris. Neuman, Serg. Arms
D. j. Ha1lahan, Trustee.
The Shields Moose Lodge has
fine hall for home which was ded.
icated during the winter. and is one
of the most hourishing and pro-
gressivc fraternal orders in this part
OF the state.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
S. d. Indian. Organize

At a meeting Of the Standing
Rock Union Indian Temperance
League held at Wakpala last week,
division of the League was made
and the membership in each state
will have its own officers. Domin-
ick Longbull Of Wakpala, was elect
ed president Of the League for South
Dakota, and Thos. Frosted will
continue as president of the League
in North Dakota. NJ. Redtoma-
hawk Of Cannonball, is vice -presi-
dent of the North Dakota organiza-
ton.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
GARAGE Now Open

Oscar Baumann, manager Of the
Carignan Garage wishes to announce
that his garage is now open at all
times and that he has a complete
line of supplies in stock as we'll as
gasoline and oils. He has engaged
Albert Kast to do the repair work,
and everything in this line is given
prompt and satisfactory attention.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
County Commissioners
Held Regular Session
Sioux County Board of Commissioners
Held Regular April Meeting on
Monday and Tuesday

The Sioux county board Of COM
missioners held a two day session
at, the court house Monday and
Tuesday. On account Of missing
the train at Keldron, w. r. Cibart,
commissioner of the Third district,
was not present Monday, but bust.
ness was transacted by Commits
sioners Stiles and Leach, who con-
etitute a quorum.
q. Christenton qualified and filed
his bond as county auditor in the
sum Of s5,00O.00, with the Dakota
Trust Company as surety, and en-
tered upon his duties Monday.
VIM. Clark Of solen, was on pc
tition appointed justice Of the peace
for the solen heighborhood, and
Wm. Mechtel, also Of so1en, has
been appointed deputy sheriff there.
The latter appointment was made
by Sheriff Mclaughlin.
A. Colville was appointed asses
sor fof the Second Assessment dis
trict, in place Of r. B. Goudreau of
selfridge, who failed to qualify.
The auditor filed with the board
an estimate of expenditures for the
ensuing year for all county purpo.
ses, including the taking up Of out
standing warrants, amounting to
s3s, ,4SO.OO.
A petition for a county road from
Fort Yates to Selfridge was filed by
j. F. Teeter and j. w. Farmer Of
selfridge, and hearing on same set
for May 1st. A counter petition
against this proposed road was also
filed by j. R Harmon and others,
and hearing will be had on this at
the same time.
Otto w. Muench who lives north
Of Thunderhawk, was appointed
state hail insurance adjuster.
On petition G. A. Bowman was
appointed county constable for the
Swastika neighborhood.
The auditor was instructed to ad-
vertise for bids for work on road
running from the state line north
of Keldron to the Cedar river in
township 120-S9. Bids to be open
ed May 1st.
After checking the books of the
various county officers and allowing
the usual claims against the county
the board adjourned until Tuesday,
May LIST.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
Local Happsninas

Dan Crell attended the R. D..
Belden auction sale at Mclaughlin
last week land bought seven Holstein
COWS for his dairy herd.
Joseph Forte and wife are moving
out Of the hotel this week, and will
make their home in cottage on
the Agency grounds belonging to j.
M. Carignan.
j. A. Wells made a trip to Solen
Sunday, and Commissioner Leach
returned with him to be on hand
for the meeting Of the county board
held Monday.
Jake Jordan was a Fort Yates
business visitor Saturday and stated
he was rather lonesome out home
as Mrs. Jordan had gone to Poplar,
Montana. on visit.
+ Mrs. Josephine Zahn, who has
been employed at the Agency hos.
pital for the past several months,
left Saturday for the Farm school,
where she has accepted a position
as cook.
Joe Huff, who has spent the win
ter on the Melvin ranch southwest
of Selfridge feeding cattle, returned
to Fort Yates last week and is now
busy fencing Gates & Means lease
north of town.
According reports from the Bis
marck hospital where Chas. Carig-
nan is convalescing from typhoid
fever, his condition remains about
the same and 1t Is doubtful when
he will be home.,
Andrew Raven and Chas. Bohe
brought their traction plowing out
fit down from Cannonball Saturday
and are getting ready to put in a
crop on some land belonging to
Geo. Pleets west of town
Rev. Father Vincent, who return.
ed last week from Bismarck, where
he had been a patient in the St,
Alexius hospital recovering from ar
operation, is again about as usual
and conducted services last Sunday.
VIM. Brumbaugh, who has {
ranch near 1eaf.on-the- Hill, anc
E. L. Carter. the Porcupine COW
man, were business visitors at thu
Fort Yates Agency in connection
with completing leases for 1ndiar
lands,
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
mitche, Re,terate. ch,roe.

Albany, N. Y, April 4.-Mayor
John P. Mitchell Of New York declar.
ed in the senate that, while he did
not use the exact language that form.
ed the basis for the senate summon.
ing him before 1t to answer charge
of publishing "a false and malicious
report" concerning the legislative con.
duct Of Senator Robert F. Wagner of
New York, he did say that 1t would
appear that Mr.. Wagner was working
more in the interests Of Germany than
II ths iutsresta Of tho United Staten"
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
solen Woman Dead

Mrs. MN. Mechtel of Solen, died
last Friday at the Mandan hospital,
where she recently underwent an
operation for gall stones, She was
recovering nicely from the opera
ton and expected to be home this
week, when she was suddenly taken
off by an attack Of kidney trouble.
The remains were shipped to her
old home in Minnesota.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
Some Chicken!

supt. Kitch says that N. Seipple
picked up couple of stray hens
while in Mclaughlin last Saturday,
and while on their way home in a
Ford one Of the chickens laid an
egg. That's the kind of chicken to
have along Fordmohiling.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
Locking Over Land

A. O. schimansky and Albert
Gipp Of solen came down Sunday
accompanied by Wesley Baker Of
Cannonball, and Sheriff McLaugh-
lin of Fort Yates. Mr.. Baker came
down to look over the Frosted ranch
west of town which is owned by Mr..
Schimansky. hut no deal 80 far as
can be learned was made.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
Temperance Rally

The third annual convention of
the North Dakota Standing Rock
Indian Temperance League will be
held at Cannonball Friday and Sat.
urday this week. Many prominent
men have been invited to speak,
among them Governor Frazier, who
is said to have promised to be pre-.
sent.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
Operations at Hospit.l

DIR. Twining came up from Mo-
bridge Sunday with Superintendent
Kitch, and Monday he performed
two operations at the Agency hos.
pital. Albert Grass of Cannonball,
was operated on for appendicitis,
and Thos. Bigmane of Bullhead,
was operated on for an injury in
the stomach received from being
kicked by horse. Both operations
were successful.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
Bit by Mad Dog

Johnny, four-year old son of Mr..
and Mrs. J. A. Stiles, was bit by a
mad dog Wednesday afternoon
while at play. The wound was
dressed bv DIR. Thomas, and it is
not expected that any serious COM
plications will set in. The beast
was killed today by Deputy Sheriff
Dan Urell, after considerable diff
ficulty. .
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
Washington, April 4. President
addressing congress, con.
yened in extra session. said In mart:

Wilson, addressing congress, con.
vened in extra session, said in part:
ION the third Of Fss5r.va.1y, last. !
ofacially laid before yoIi the extraor.
dinary announcement Of the imperial
German government that on and after
the first day Of February it was It's
purpose to put aside all restraints of
law or Of humanity and use its sub.
marines to sink every vessel that
sought to approach either the ports Of
Great Britain and ireland or the west.
ern coasts Of Europe. or any of the
ports controlled by the enemies Of
Germany within the Mediterranean.
"The new policy has swept every
restriction aside. Vessels Of every
kind, whatever their flag, their char.
acter, their cargo, their destination,
their errand, have been ruthlessly
sent to the bottom without warning,
and without thought of help or mercy
for those on board, the vessels Of
friendly neutrals along with those Of
belligerents.
"Even hospital ships and ships car.
rying relief to the sorely bereaved and
stricken people Of Belgium, though the
latter were provided with safe con.
duct through the prescribed areas by
the German government itself and
were distinguished by unmistakable
marks Of identity, have been sunk with
the same reckless lack of compassion
or principle.
Warfare Against Mankind.
1.-THE present German submarine war.
fare against commerce is warfare
against mankind. 1t is war against
all nations. American ships have
been sunk, American lives taken, in
ways which It has stirred us very
deeply to learn of, but the ships and
people Of other neutral and friendly
nations have been sunk and over.
whelmed in the waters in the same
way. There has been no discrimina.
ton. The challenge Is to all mankind.
with q profound sense of the sol.
emn and even tragical character Of
the step am taking and of the grave
responsibilities which 1t involves, but
in unhesitating obedience to what ]
deem my constitutional duty, advise
that the congress declare the recent
course Of the imperial German govern
tnent to be in fact nothing less than
war against the government and peo
pie Of the United States; that it for
mally accept the sta3us Of a be]liger
ent which has thus been thrust upon
II and that 1t take immediate steps not
only to put the country in a more
thorough state Of defense, but also tc
exert all It's powers and employ all its
resources to bring the government oi
the German empire to terms and END
the war.
"What this will involve IL clear. Il
will involve the utmost practicable
cooperation in counsel and actor
with the governments now at war with
Germany, and, as incident to that, the
extension to those governments of tht
most liberal financial credits, in ordel
that our resources may, 80 far as pos
stble, 30 added to theirs, =. -
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
Appoints Deputy Sheriff

Sheriff Chas. Mclaughlin return
ed to his home at Chadwick Tues
day after spending few days here
on business in connection with his
Office Before going home he ap.
pointed VIM. Mechtel of Solen
special deputy sheriff for that Sec
ton of the county.
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
Missouri Still Closed

The ice still remains in the Mis-.
souri, river and is not expected to 90
out for several days yet. 1t is re-
ported, however, that the ice has
broken up a few miles below Mo.
bridge,
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
Dies Sunday

Mrs. Fred Norquay, who former
ly lived at Fort Yates, died last Fri
day night and was buried Sunday.
She was sister Of Joe Demery who
went to Wakpala to attend the fun
ssal seyvioes,
Sioux County pioneer. (Fort Yates, Sioux County, N.D.) 1914-1929, 1917-04-05
sent
Horses Stolen

Twelve head OF horses were stolen
week ago Sunday from j. G. Cur.
nv Of the Fort Rice neighborhood
and the sheriff has been notified 10
look out for the horses and the bold
rustler.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-12-04
SPECIAL MEETING
FOR JUNIOR AID
Meet at Home of New Presi-
dent to Plan Work For
Christmas

The members of the Junior Aid
Society held a special meeting at the
home of their new president, Miss
Annette Alger Bailey. Front and
South streets, yesterday afternoon.
Plans for their Christmas giving
wasF discussed as well as ways and
means to augment the treasury to
further carry on their work. 1t was
decided that among various other
things they would fill Christmas
stockings for Il children and con-
tribute to sundry causes to share the
Christmas spirit with the more un-
fortunate and unhappy.
Suggestions as to the tableaux to
be given in the early part OF January
were discussed. The tableaux to be
presented will impersonate numerous
war posters, Red Cross placards and
patriotic scenes famous in history.
The members present included
Alice Bentley, EliZia Bailey, Lydia
Kunkel, Jane Ely, Elizabeth Ely
Betty Oenslager, Eleanor Bailey, Re-
| becca Johnson, Avis Anne Hickok
Jane, Olmsted, Margaret Keister
Elizabeth Shearer, Mary Hale, Eliza.
beth p. Harris, Louise A. Hickok
Honore Patton, Margaret Davis, Ce.
ella Kunkel, Elizabeth Hilleary
Nancy Campbell, Harriet Whitman
| Mary Cooper, Katherine Rutherford
Helena Martin, Winifred Meyers an(
, Susanna Mcguire.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-12-04
CITY GENEROUS
TO BIG HOME
Much-Needed Supplies Given
Willingly on Thanks
giving, Day

Harrisburg was generous Thanks
giving Day in its substantial remem-.
brance of the Home for the Friend
less. The great majority of con-
tributions were what was needed
vegetables, canned fruits, meats, gro
ceries, not overlooking the plentiful
gifts of turkeys and chicken. Ac-
cording to the report of the matron.
Mrs. Elvira |. Nader, the donations
included:
Ice cream, Mr.. Hoffman. Mr.. Bel
thel and Miss Clara Cunkle; one
pound butter Mrs. Hartman; one bas-
ket apples, Mrs. Jacobs; one bushel
apples. Mrs. Clarence Sigler: twelve
cans tomatoes, Mrs. Doehne: three
cans fruit. six glasses jelly and
grapes, Miss Mitchell; turkey. Mrs.
w. l.. Wright; turkey and thirty
bushels potatoes and pumpkins. Mrs.
5. c. Young; chickens, Mrs. Edward
Bailey; nuts. Mrs. Elizabeth Keffer;
nuts, Mrs. II. A. Lamberton; candy,
Mrs. w. S. YountZ; turkey. cider and
apples. Mrs. +. c. Kunkel: three
chickens, Mrs. Henry Mccormick; ;
oranges. Mrs. zollinger; celery, Mrs.
Herr; one bushel potatoes, Mrs. p. A.
Kunkel; celery and pumpkins, B. T..
Nader; one basket apples. one basket
=
dried corn, Mrs. Lynch; one basket
sweet potatoes, Mrs. II. C. Demming;
figs and dates, Mrs. Hammond one
basket onions. Miss Forney; one bas-
ket apples, Mrs. Edwin Thompson; /;
ten pounds mincemeat, Mrs. Charles
Stouffer; eight quarts cranberries. Mrs.
Willard Young; turkey Miss Dull;
prunes, Miss Wier; two cakes, Mrs.
Charles King.
Messiah Lutheran Church. one sack
-four, one pack Uneeda Biscuit. two
packs cereals, one pack cocoanut, one
pound rice, one pack macaroni. one
sack salt, one cake chocolate. one
pound coffee, eight glasses jelly.
seven cans fruit and one-haIf peck
potatoes.
intermediate C. lE. Augsburg Lu-
theran Church, one basket apples. one
peck potatoes, one jar fruit, one can
peas.
Public school donations. thirty cans
tomatoes. eight cans beans, twenty
nine cans corn, fourteen cans peas,
seven packs cereals. twenty TIVE
packs rolled oats. eight packs moo
dies, four packs macaroni, four packs
spaghetti, eight packs cornstarch,
eight sacks cornmeal, twenty-siX
pounds rice, six boxes crackers, five
pounds sugar, two pounds coffee,
four sacks salt. sixty EIGHT glasses
jelly, twenty eight jars fruit, six
heads cabbage. two bushels apples,
three loaves bread, thirteen pump
kins. eight bushels potatoes, one peck
onions, twelve miscellaneous articles
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-12-04
The Owen-Corl Bridal
in Thanksgiving Week

The marriage of Miss Anna May
Corl, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Will
liam Corl to Robert Ray owen, OF
this city, was a quiet event of We'd
nesday. November 2S, at the parson-
age of the Second Presbyterian
Church. Chambersburg, with the
Rev. Glenn NJ. Shefer officiating.
The bride. who was unattended,
wore a travelling costume of dark
blue gabardine with hat to harmon
ize and a corsage bouquet of sweet
heart roses and violets. Mr.. and
Mrs owen returned home that eve
ming and are residing here for the
present. Mr.. owen is in the Army
recruiting service at Chambersburg.
He is a son of Mr.. and Mrs. Preston
b. owen of that city, but has made
his home here with his grandparents
Mr. and Mrs. William Johnson, at
sos South Thirteenth street for a
number of years
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-12-04
Perseverance Class
Holds a Social Meeting

The members of Perseverance
class of the Fifth Street Methodist
Sunday school. taught by the min
ister's wife, Mrs. Edwin A. Pyles,
met last evening with Mrs. George
Wood, 2243 Logan street. for a social
meeting. This class has an enroll
ment of 125 and is doing much for
church and mission work.
Refreshments closed a pleasant
gathering. In attendance were Mrs
Mutzebaugh, Mrs. Yoder, Mrs.
Brashears, Mrs Edward Bates, Mrs.
Harry Bates, Mrs. Burriss, Mrs
Townsend, Mrs. Bankus, Mrs. Martz
Mrs. Worcester, Mrs. G. b. Miller,
Mrs. Rathfon, Mrs. Parker, Mrs
Leininger. Mrs. Morette, Mrs. Free
burn, Mrs. Morris, Mrs. Stroh, Mrs.
linn, Mrs. Pyles. Mrs. Romberger,
Mrs. ]. Il. Miller. Mrs. Page, Mrs.
Wilson, Mrs. Yowler, Mrs. Shaub,
Mrs. Wood. Miss Kate Bates and
Miss Helen MartZ.