davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

NEVER HAS a young idea which
was conceived in a scenario
lived and breathed and had its
being on the screen as its original au-
thor intended.
The word Original" is used advis-
eddy. for it takes just about dozen
authors to get story ready for the
director TO do his worst.
After a scenario reaches the hand
of the director II usually appears about
as il was written, for managers have
had so much trouble with these tenn
pcramcntal creatures, who suddenly
decide that it is better to have the viii
lain die by flames than food, or that
it is more artistic for the heroine to
die of a broken heart than 20 marry
the hero. that il has become customary
TO make director read scenario
carefully and then write al the bottom:
This is quite satisfactory as it is;
signed. John Smith" SO when they go
20 the long suffering head of all things
and say. This scene will not film as
il is" that heartlcss and august person
may point to the signed statement and
bid him proceed.
All of this is according to B. A.
Rolfe. head of the Metro Company,
who knows all there is to know about
the drama, both silent and noisy.
AT last the authors of note have
awakened 10 the fact that TO write &C
ceptable stuff for the camera they must
see through the eye Of the camera. So,
little attention has been paid to writ
ing really good stories for the films,
when in reality it is much more diff
cult than writing fiction, or even plays.
A playwright depends more or less
on the personality Of his players and
upon their rendition of the lines. Those
who write for the camera must think
only of the action, and the big people
have not yet learned to do that
81 would like to have the money that
motion picture concerns nave thrown
away purchasing scenarios from su-
thors Of note during the last six
months stories which never could be
used.
Directors, as a rule, make The best
scenario writer's. for they can see
everything through the eye Of the CAM
era, but scenario writer makes from
SIS to $500 a week, and a director re-
ccives from 5000 to 81 1000. so there is
the answer No person is going to
write scenarios if he can direct.
Every story which. is received here
goes first 70 our assistant reader. II
he sees an idea in it the story goes
on TO the scenario authori.-. II he.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

on the cat or knocked over the plaster
Venus dc Milo on their way to the
upper regions. Also We thought that
they all kept cuckoo clocks and that
their mothcrs-in-law always lived with
them and unearthed their peccadiiloes,
and that they. the comedians. went
blissfully on having perfectly good
time and making people laugh. And
then we met Roscoe Arbuckle and
learned that life is no, one grand sweet
song.
Mr.. Arbuckle works harder than =
tragedy queen. lie has a place set
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06
BROOKLYN DRAMA

MAJESTIC Emma Dunn in "Old Lady
81" -''
NONTAUK Geraldine Farrar in Joan
the Woman" tfilm).
TELLER'S SHUBERT- Taylor Holmes
in Bunker Bean"
STAR The Tempters."
BUSHWICK Evelyn Nesbit and Jack
Clifford, Al Herman, "Thc Night
Boat" Bert Mclrosc.
ORPHEUM White and Cayansgh,
Tom Walker in Dixie Violet Dale
James J. Corbctt, Ed Morton.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06
THE SOLEMN MIR. ARBUCKLE

aside for meditation and prayer. and
here he goes to fight it out alone when
things get to going wrong in the studio.
Il use scenario only to get my sets.
OF course. it is necessary to know
whether a scene is TO be laid in a draw
ing room. kitchen or a park. but what
follows must be spontaneous. even II 1t
has to be a much rchearscd spontane-
ity Also it must be logical and lcgit-
innate. ! refuse 10 try 20 make people
laugh with my bulk. Personally. can
not believe that battleship is a bit
funnier than a canoe, but some people
do not iceI that way about it. There
are persons who think it is excruciat-
ingly funny because / weigh 300
pounds. OF course. cannot keep them
from laughing at me, but | refuse to
sanction IL. A situation must be
funny enough to play itself once it is
properly placed, and no amount Of
grimaces or slapstick comedy will make
il humorous if it isn't.
81 never try 70 divert attention from
the situation 10 myself. If you feel a
scene slipping, let it slip. If you arc
rehearsing, do it over again, even il
1t is seventy times seven, and only
when you know that you have it right
get out your camera.
"My stage career was thrust upon me
in the twinkling of an eye. One Of
those fake hypnotists came to our town,
and during the performance he called
for volunteers. | went up on the stage
because ! wanted 10 see if he could
hypnotic me. or course, he couldn't;
but. or the contrary. hypnotizcd him.
| made him think that was clever, and
he asked me to travel with him.
trailcd along for some time. until one
day suddenly thought, Here am
doing all the work. and there he is get
ting all the money From that time on
did both
There is one terrible secret in my
otherwise unblemished past. | sing! So
not long after that became one OF the
coast defenders and sang everything
from The Merry Widow to The Mi
kado' and back again.
Then began to receive fatterng
offers from motion picture people, and
the first thing knew there was work
ing beside Charlie Chaplin. 1t was
Charlie who induced me to 60 into
producing my own pictures. So now
am an author-manager -director-actor
If anything is wrong have only my
self to blame.
"My comedies are like snowballs No.
not because each suggests a frost.
mean that building comedy is like
building SNOWFALL. The idea which
every comedy must have is the nucleus
for your SNOWFALL. Then just start it
rolling and watch it grow. 1t will in
crease rot only in volume but in mo-
mcntum. No two snowballs arc ever
alike, although they may have been
started oy the same hand and rolled
down the same hill In building a
comedy you start with the main idea
only; as you go along bits of humor
will cling to 1t here and there, and
finally you have the thing complete"
All of which means that If one will
ADOPT the serious and heartrending vo-
cation OF being n comedian it is better
to let nature take its course than to
sail in ehGrted seas.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06
SHADOWS ON THE SCREENS

I Delaney street and Avenue B; on
Thursday, Friday and Saturday at the
National. Palace, De Kalb. Fulton and
Bijou, Brooklyn; on Monday and Tues
dav at the Circle and West End. on
Wednesday at the Eighty-siXth Street,
on Thursday and Friday at the Broad
way. Brooklyn; on Saturday at the
Royal. Brooklyn. and on Saturday and
Sunday al the 10th Street.
For the first time in the long and
elaborate annals Of the Academy a
motion picture will remain at the
theatre for two weeks. he film which
Is making this unprecedented record
is "Thc Honor system" In order 10
keep this play on the screen for two
weeks it will be necessary 20 double
up on the scheduled attractions.
At Loep's New York William Cour-
tcnay and Marguerite Snow will be seen
in The Hunting of the Hawk on
Monday. Bessie Barriscalc in "Thc
Snail" on Tuesday. Valcska iuratt in
"She" on Wednesday. Carmel Meyers
and Elmo Lincoln i'm Might and the
Man" and the fourth episode Of "The
Voice on the Wire on Thursday,
Nuriel Ostricne and Arthur Ashley in
moral Courage" Dorothy Phillips IN
Al
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06
MOTION PICTURES

cent Serrano. Pedro dc Cordoba, Paul
Cspellani, Helen Arnold and others.
"The Hand That Rocks the Cradle.
Universal picture. will open at the
Broadway next Sunday The picture
is directed By Lois Weber. who plays
the leading role. Phillips Smslley will
be seen as the doctor Others in the
cast are Priscilla Dean, Wedgewood
Norvell, Evelyn Selbie and Harry De
More.
There is a man IN Los Angeles named
Charlie Chaplin whose occupation is
making gravestones. The real Charlie
Chaplin has made him an offer starting
at $4,000 if he will go into some other
sort of business. any business. in fact,
with the exception Of the undertaking
business. Charlie says that he can't
abide undertakers or tombstone men.
Poppy" that fascinating story by
Cynthia Stockley. has been put on the
screen by the equally fascinating
Norma Talmadge. Eduard Jose. who
directed the picture, spent number
Of years in Africa, so he knows all
about local color, etc. In the cast are
Eugene O'Brien, as Carson; Frederick
Perry. as Luce Abingcr; Jack Mere
dith, as Braham, and Dorothy Rogers,
as Mrs. Capron.
Commodore Mauras, Of the French
steamer Lorraine, which brought the
French commission to the United
States, will be the guest Of the Rialto
Theatre tonight, with the officers of
his staff During the week det,ch-
ments Of the Lorraine's crew, about
four hundred in all, will be the guests
of the theatre.
Walter Edwin has been engaged by
the Art Drama Corporation to direct
Jean Sothern. Nh Edwin's first pict
ure with Miss Sothern will be "A Mute
Appeal" Donald Cameron will sup
port Miss Sothorn.
The Universal Film Company be-
lieves in preparedness, and in view Of
the fact that many Of its employees
may soon be marching away to war Is
fitting women to take their places in
all branches Of the film industry. The
new regime will sec women acting as
sales persons, operators Of the project
ing machines, bcokkcepers. managers Of
theatres and exchanges, shipping clerks
and film cdtore.
No industry. it is said, is so reluctant
to admit women workers in certain of
its branches, and it is expected that
this new departure, recognized by Uni 1
versa as expeGient because Of war
conditions, will bring to the business a
new angle.
The second Of the French photo
dramas purchased By World-Brady
Pictures is called "A Naked Soul and
its release is scheduled Tor June II.
1t is said that all of the consors will
be on hand
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

Al the Lyric next Sunday zone Law
for Both" viii open. Ivan Abramson,
who was responsible for "Enlishten
Thy Daughter" wrote and directed the
play. In the cast are Rita Jolivet, Vim
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

cording secretary; Mrs. Joel A. An.
corresponding secretary; Mrs. l. cu.s
Bracket. registrar, and Miss Grace /,
Taft. historian. Members Of the e,.'
ut.ye board we're Miss Martha T D,-.
las. Mrs. John Adams James, Mr., ~
ian D. Beam. Mrs. John ". Duncan :.
Mrs. j. de Grassc Shipman.
After the business session a ,...
ton was held.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

MAE MURRAY Will he the featured
WI player NJ the Strand this week
in a photo-drama called THE Primrose
Ring" adapted from the story by
Marian Fairfsx Tom Moore will sup
PORT Miss Murray. Winter Hall and
little Billy Jacobs arc also in the cast.
The fourth Of the o. Henry stories
10 be filmed IS "Thc Green Door" The
story s. OF the adventurous Rudolph,
who receives the mysterious card
which leads him 10 tho door Of TO-
nance and happiness.
Among tho soloists arc Walter
Vaughn. George Halperin, Grace Hof-
man. Arthur Depew and Ralph Brig
ham
The Sixteenth Wife" a photo com
ody featuring Peggy Hyland and Marc
MacDcrmott. will be the principal Of
fcrinc Al tic Rialto this week. The
first instalmeut Of "The Sailors Of
France" a series Of pictures taken
under the direction Of the cinemato-
graphic division Of the French army
and navy loaned 20 Mr.. Rothapfel
by tho French commission now con
ferring with the Administration Of
feials al Washington, VIII also be
viewed. This series viii show French
cruisers sinking a U-boat, French sub
marines in action and many other ac-
tivities Of the French navy
The orchestra VIII play fantasy
from "Csvaileria Gustcaua.' assisted
by ". Lamont and tho Rialto chorus.
Selections from "Sari" viii be tho light
opera Offering
"Christus" the feature film depicting
the life OF Christ. Will enter upon its
second week az the Criterion Theatre.
within the Law viii continue one
more week at the Broadway Theatre.
Clara Kimba.l Young in The Easiest
Way" will be shown in all the Loew
theatres in addition TO the usual shows.
on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday
the picture will be A. the Lincoln
Square, Boulevard Greeley Square.
Orpheum, Seventh Avenue, American,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

learned MAT quito TeCVHVF IIV"
one who knows all about L.
We used to think that all comedian
had to do when he wished to produce
a picture was to call a camera to
photograph his everyday life until
enough material was filmed for the
number OF reels required. We believed
that all comedians took off their shoes
when they climbed IN the window at
night. and that they invariably stepped
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

Wa Co.1-.a tzc.ag the way, fol.
iozec ~ Fra-es ard Great Britain, n,
members o. --e A-er.csn Criterion So.
e,c.y. N-s Leonard L. Hill, president
sled .u-o the ballroom OF the Plan
Hotel last Friday AZ noon. Il wu
the fifth birthday celebration. ANNA
luncheon and presidents day Of the o.
canization. Columbia was Represented
BY Mrs. George Edwin Davis, Gresi
Britain By Miss Marie Antoinette e.
lott and France by Miss Mary AsIcy
Rankin.
The guests Of honor were Mrs. VIII
lam A. Sunday and Mrs. William Isn'
ming Story, honorary president genen
OF the Daughters Of the American M
olution, and twenty presidents OF wo'
ems clubs. Mrs. William Rogers Chs
man. Mrs. Bedell Parker, Mrs. Alfrs
W. Cochran. Nine. Charles Polifsnt
Mrs. James II. Parker, Mrs. Robin, A
Lau. Mrs. Thomas B. Slack. Mrs. SINE
Baruch, Mrs. Harriette Bishop Wann
Mrs. James d. Mortimer, Mrs. Hogin
MacNutt. Mrs. Edwin Arden. Mrs. In
est f. Malcolm, Mrs. William r. str'
art. Mrs. Cora We.lcs Trow, Mrs Do
c. Seitz, Baroness Katherine Won ksi
ner. Mrs. Ralph Irautman. Mrs. Jobs
Hardin Dorm. Mrs. James d. Chapns
and Mrs. Charles V. Palermo. The chx
address Of the afternoon Was made b.
Mrs. Story. Miss Mary Humphreys, req.
rcsonting the National League f~
Woman's Service, asked that each ~
present pledge herself to perform s'r'
specific duty.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

A recent addition to the list Of ma,
clubs in this city is the Society :.
Wisconsin Women IN New York. =.
organization aims % bring toze,.,
women Of the Badger State Who A.,
residing either temporarily or perm,
nently on this coast
The meetings are held at the h.-.
Of Mrs. Victor Frcderiekson, 255 W.,
Ninetieth street. The officers el,e,.
arc Mrs.. Victor Fredericton. pr,
dent: Mrs. George Taylor frst VIZ,
president; Mrs. Francis z. Day. se.o,,
vice.president; Nrs. Z. !. Pesrs.
third vice-pre dent; Mrs. G-org. r
Rannenberg. recording secretary; IN
p. J. NcNaooo. corresponding seen
tsry: Miss Mary Foote, treasure.
Mrs. s. 3. GOWN. auditor; Mrs. n 7
Funk. historian. The directors A.
Mrs. Walter II. Gshsgsn. Miss Elm
beth wilson. Nrs. II. R. Cronk. NJ,
Miles II. Dawson. Mrs. H. c. Burnett
Mrs. y. 4. McNahan and Mrs. T. 10,
tame.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

April q was Criticism Day for y.
Post Parliament May n will b. ..
ception Day Although II is not e,u.
Presidents Day. there will ;. "a.
club presidents as guests OF hs,,
Mrs. Cora Welles Trcw is presideu. ,
the organization. and the day will !
in charge Of Mrs. Arthur II. Lsrv
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

New Standard Club. Mrs. Nellie D
Van Slingeriard. president. held !"
"May Day meeting festival At ny
HoGol Astor on the afternoon OF as!
/. Among the guests Of the presiae''
were Irs. John Francis Yawgsr, p'''
idont OF the New York City feoe,s
ton OF Women's Clubs; MIS- Csn'"
Birnbohm, president OF the knies..
booker Relief; Mrs. James Dest.".
Shlpmaa, president Of Clio, ana W..
Louise Streeter Warren, the rev.
elected president OF the Ameriea f'''
Society Of the United States.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

"Christus" the feature film depicting
the life Of Christ. Will enter upon its
second week az the Criterion Theatre.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

The annual meeting and blenniAsl"'
ton Of officers Of the N~
York Browning Society viii be held Or
Wednesday ~ ! a. m. at the Waldorf
Astoria. The literary meeting viii b.
gin after a recess OF an hour and hail
At 2:5O p. m. the subject for the
afternoon will be The Ring and TIE
Book," Parts II, III and " Miss tIi
Wagsr will be chairman Of the day sne
will present the subject. Mrs. OlecH
Payne will speak on Emerson's ldes
Each and All" Mrs. II. W. Smith VIII
tell of the "Simiitudes in the Arts
Professor Helen Grey Cone viii g"
an address on the dramatic expression
in the poems, and Mrs. John Hollp
Clark will speak on the three types o.
testimony represented in these thr"
parts Of the epic. The meeting VIII
open with the singing Of the NatiOnH
Anthem and close with "1he Battle
Hymn Of the Republic" The last
meeting for The season Of the siDsy
class was held at the home 0; Mrs
Margaret Holmes Bates on Msy ?.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

within the Law viii continue ono
more week at the Broadway Theatre.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06
Bv HARRIETTE UNDERHILL

. YOU think that it is any fun
to be funny? We'll. it isn't. We
learned that quite recently from
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

The members Of the National Cali
fornia Club arc busy arranging inc
California booth Of which they VIII
have charge az the Actors Fund Fsf
from May - to 81 Mrs Thomas .
Vivian is chairman OF the booth, Char
lotte Tittcll vice-chairman. Mrs. Henp
l.. Harrison secretary and Mrs VIZ
GINA $. Stedmsn treasurer. Mrs. Loas
c. White. assisted by Ms. Bryan d.
River, will have charge OF "The Goa
Nine" Mrs. Frederick Wolf viii %
IN charge o. the "tomale stand ana
Mrs. George ". Severn will eondSs'
the actors game" Among the tang
to be sold will be gold watch whien
belonged TO Francis Scott hey, o''
mated by Mrs. Francis II. Livings'''
Marie Burroughs. The decorations
are IN charge OF Mrs Joseph 7. N0"'
mann.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

Nine. Amelia Galli-Curci will De
heard with the members OF the Rubin
stein Choral Club under the direction
of William r. Chapman on Tuesday.
May II. at o'clock, at 2hillipsburgh
Hall, Yonkers. me. Gal.i-Curci will
sing two groups Of songs and two
ar!as. Tickets arc on sale at the Wal
dorf-Astoris
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

The annual meeting and election Of
officers Of Knickcrbockcr Chnp,er.
Daughters o. the American Revolution.
was held last Friday at the home Of
Mrs. Charles +. rerhune. 47O Park Ave
nue.. In the absence OF the regent Mrs
Victor FrsdriekfOn, the frs, vice.
regent, presided.
The officers elected for the ensuing
year were Mrs. Simon Baruch. regent.
Mrs. Victor Frederickson. frs, vice.
regent; Mrs. Charles F. Terhune sec.
ond ylee-regent; Mrs. Samuel h. Hard
treasurer; Miss Marguerite Gar re-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06

Walter Edwin has been engaged by
the Art Drama Corporation to direct
Jean Sothern. Mr.. Edwin's first pict-
ure with Miss Sothern will be "A Mute
Appeal" Donald Cameron will sup
port Miss Sothorn.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-06


The New York colony OF the Ma
tional Society of New f;egland Women
recently elected the Following officers
tor the ensuing year: fitst vice-pres-
ident. Mrs. Albert II. Bickmore; as
sistqrt treasurer. Mrs. william X. Til
Iotson; corresponding secretary, Mrs
+ Milton L. Wicks; directors, Mrs. Ben
iamin A. Jackson, Mrs John d. Walton,
Mrs. Chandler Smith, Ms. Clayton W.
Finch. Chairmen OF standing commit
tees; Hospital, Mrs. James Ward War
rem: cards, Mrs. Arthur II. Bridge;
press. Mrs. John Evans Fox. The pres
ident. Miss Hicks, and the other Off
cerv continue in Office.
The society meets every Wednesday
morning and afternoon at the head
quarters of the Housewives League,
% West Forty-ffth Street, to make
surgical dressings to carry on the work
Of the Womsn's Army and Navy War
Relief formed by the national society.
The State Democratic Forum, Inc.
Mrs. Robins A. Lau, president, will
hold a patriotic meeting in the Hotel
Aston on Tuesday at $3.50 o'clock.
William Harmon Black will give an
illustrated lecture on "a Trip to
Europe in War Times" Miss Kath-
trinc Eggles:on will recitc "The Star
Spanglcd Banner" There will be army
and navy recruiting tables.
Mrs. John Francis Yawgcr, president
OF the CITY Federation Of Woman's
Clubs. will be guest Of honor.
Tomorrow evening. at the headquar-
tefs Of the Political Equality Assoeia-
ton. Il East Forty-frst Street Mrs.
o. II. P. Belmont, presidenD, meet
ing will be held al $3.50 o'clock. George
T.. O'Dell. editor Of THE Standard"
will speak on "Woman's Share in the
Development OF Democracy" There
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1917-12-31
ITALIAN EMBASSY
SHOWS ACTIVITY
DURING WAR TIME

or United Press.
Washington, Dec. S1--keeping IN
closest touch with the GARD pressed
italian armies protecting Venice and
the motherland-th Italian embassy
force IN Washington IS burning 4 lot
of midnight oil these nights.
Count 9. Macchi di cellere, the
Italian ambassador, i also high com.
missioner for America. with head
augrtern at the embassy-1759 4
srset opposite the Perry BeESa4t
mansion, and close to the late Rear
Admiral Simpsons residence Count
Gellsre has the JOB of regulating the
immense flow of munitions and food
10 italy
His right hand man on military
needs ii General Emilio GugIielmotti,
who aa an active campaigner on the
Italian front untll last spring Cap
tain Lamberto vannutelli. the naval
attache former African explorer.
ST with Count cellere, and has the
confidence Of Marconi- wireless IN.
Yentor. in the business OF deyising
antl-submarine apparatus.
The embassy n d luxurious struc-
sure. Gold encruated antique armor
marvelously wrought bronze lamps,
and bits Or Italian art, decorate the
Interior.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1917-12-31
STATESTO
SHARE In
ROAD AID

Washington. =. e. Dec 5i.--All
ths states Of the Union have availed
themselves Of the opportunity Of par
tlfinaiug in the benefits Of the Fed
eral Aia Road Act, which appropriht-
- rs million dollars for the construc.
assn a post roads and 10 million dol
lars for forest roads, according to
tie report Of the director Of the Of.
flco of public roads and rural engi-
neering. United States department Of
agriculture. That the passage Of the
act has stimulated road building Is
shown BY the fact that IN 1915,
there we're approximately Al million
dollars or state funds expended for
All highway purposes. and 1t is esti-
mated that In tho calendar year 1917
the aggregate expenditures Of state
funds for this purpose will be At
least co millions. A number Of the
states have made specific appropfia'
tlons to meet federal aid dollar for
dollar Among these are New ork,
illinois, Michigan, Rhode Island. Ne
raia, Iowa, Florida and Vermont.
The Chickasha daily express. (Chickasha, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1899-current, 1917-12-31
SOLDIER TO WE'D

Saturday afternoon a marriage i.
eense was issued ID Calvin Soles,
atd a. of pittsbnrg. Pa, and Miss