davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-11

mechanisms without first examining
their design with the aid of physical
laws. By habit or tradition they
may be disposed to regard the laws
Of economical forces, as in early days
they regarded physical laws, as TOO
theoretical to be conclusive IN prac-
teal matters. Now, however, IN
common with the rest Of industry,
they have to realize that such forces
are as irresistible as any other forces
of nature, and that modern COM
n.unications have given so free
way to their operation that the de-
mands which they dictate have be-
come necessary laws to which any
sound business policy must conform
Reverting, for example, 70 the sup
positions community in which en-
eineers combined to raise prices, II
must be recognized clearly that the
immediate increase Of profits could
be only temporary. Even II the
\prices were effective within the
trades and did not merely let IN
cheaper foreign manufactures, and
if prices of what engineers consume
did not rise against them, the wealth
OF the rest Of the community would
not be increased, nor therefore the
amount that it could spend with en-
gineers. Having, accordingly, no
more to spend, the other industries
would have to put up with less en-
eineering products; and rs these
products consist principally of the
very means of production, ( nc ma
tonal output in other industries
must fall off in proportion to the re.
duced engineering supplies and With
it the demand for engineering work.
Engineers, indeed, have more at
stake in the national welfare than
most industries. Mankind has a
practically unlimited appetite for
products Of one sort or another, and
if products are selected within toll
crably wide limits to suit the various
cravings that await them, mans ar-
re,lte will absorb in every year al
that industry can extract, produce
and distribute where they arr respec-
lively wanted. Il is to the engineer
ing trades that the other producers
lock mainly for help in increasing
the extent to which in their own lin
tied numbers they can satisfy this
unlimited appetite; and in the long
run the engineering trades would be
among the heaviest sufferers by any
step. such as the reduction Of their
own output, that reduced the aggre-
gate of industrial production.
For permanent increased earnings,
therefore, engineering like all other
trades UluSL lOph " iliNA SHSN" PAN .
ton; the term being used, of course,
in the sense of net production, and
including equally what is saved and
what is made. In considering now
such increase can be obtained the
first question that arises is whether
the most is being made of existing
resources. The answer is now no.
torious: Whether measured in money
or in work, the output per head Of
British engineering workers is only a
fraction of that of American; and
the immediate answer to the demand
for increased output is therefore that
existing men, plant and resources
must be used more efficiently.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-11
Germany Counted
Out as Competitor

The sagacity of our politics will
not wait long for test as regards
France. for the solidity Of the foot
hold which we shall secure there
will be measured by competition from
the reconstructed industry Of Eu-
rope. For the moment it is permissi-
bic to count Germany out, for it is
far outside of present French inten-
tons to trade with her in the future
II should be borne in mind, however,
with all respect due to the mag
nificent solidarity and steadfastness
which the French have shown dur
ing more than two years of des-
perate war, that trade exists be-
tween individuals in nations and not
between states themselves and that
commerce has ever shown an I'M
conquerable instinct to seek only
what is commercially deserving
There may arise a brief or even a
long exception after this unprec-
edented stirring of feeling, but it is
not a consideration to be counted on.
The permanence of women's labor
in mems trades is already coming to
be recognized as the gravest eco
nomic and social problem which
France must solve after the war.
The foreign student finds himself in
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-11

An appeal. signed by the French '- "a
i.,er Of Commerce and Industry -
the Minister of Agriculture mas -
placarded IN all the com"." ,.,,r
France, by authority Of the M'n'. ...
Of Agriculture, calling upon all pc
ants of France, both men ana ,.,,
TO SOW corn wherever possible ,o,7
as is stated. "the spring SOWING !"
will prepare the harvest Of vis'0H'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-11
French Industrial
Plants Inspected

The commissions primary object
was TO determine by what means our
exports to and our imports from
France may be largely increased.
In detail its work consisted Of the
inspection of French industrial es-
adjustments with an eye to their
improvement by the introduction OF
contemporary American equipment
and organization methods, IN the
study of French industrial products
suitable for expectation to the Unit
ed States with the object Of suggest
ing such changes Of methods as
would enlarge old markets or create
new ones, and in the cultivation OF
an approprite spirit among French
business men for the discussion of
such paramount questions as those
Of credits, tariff, deliveries, freights,
technical education and the regular
exchange of industrial and CONNER
cial information. Fortunately for
its sentimental effect, the commission
did not seek business; no statesmen
accompanied it and no orders were
brought back.
France is a small industrial coun-
try. with a superficial appearance
Of backwardness in many Of the
technical details 70 which American
manufacturers are won't 20 attach
great importance. The background
of her economic life is agricultural.
Her banking development is very
important. In shipping she is rela-
lively weak, 70 judge from her gen.
eral economic position in Europe
and the world. For a country Of
her military, diplomatic, financial
and intellectual Importance, she is
industrially inferior, an inferiority
which is at once traditional, the re-
suit Of social development and politi-
cal events; geographical, in so far
as it has depended upon mineral
resources, and diplomatic, in the
sense that the defeat Of 1870 and
the continuation Of the former com
mercial treaty with Germany left
her In a poor position from which
10 compete with modern German IN
dustrial genius. The question Of
diplomatic favor for her industry Is
now being fought out in the trenches,
a. part Of the question Of her whole
destiny, and the French people APP
p~ared % the American commission
ers 20 possess absolute confidence
that the military result will not only
restore their freedom Of commercial
relation with all countries but that
n will also bring 10 them an I'M
portznt increase in mineral wealth
~ the recovery Of Alsace- Lorraine
IN, state Of encouragement Is 50
sxsivsiysiy moral that despite the
use xzszeh tadEatxy haS no! been
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-11
/ aCtory Systems
Arouse Interest

a propaganda of particular value
undertaken successfully by the com
mission was the spreading of exact
information concerning the results
achieved in the United States in
scientific factory administration, as
expressed theoretically, for example,
in such concrete Systems" as those
outlined by the late Mr.. Taylor and
his followers. The French are in
tensely curious regarding these eX-
periences and are ready to try out
any principles which have proved
successful here. II is fortunate that
this sort of science should stand in
their eyes as a peculiarly American
creation, for it will prove to be one of
our greatest assets in the extension
of our industrial influence. Many
works in France had initiated some
thing of the sort before the war, and
in the munitions plants certain of
our discoveries in method have been
of inestimable value. Along with
this movement the commission as
ISOLATED a discussion with its hosts
of the usefulness of a more frequent
end more regular exchange of tech
nical students preparing for indus
try and commerce and of professors
in these branches Of learning. Sew
eral practical measures were hit
upon which bear promise Of hand
some results.
The absence of a banker on the
commission prevented the study IN
great detail of the difficult question
of the arrangement of credits be-
tween the nations during the period
Of strain and readjustment which
must inevitably follow the close of
the war. The commission could
only receive a general impression,
which was one of thoroughly sound
financial and economic health. To
them the credit of the French seemed
good. Just how great the credits
which we must extend will be 1t is
impossible TO estimate. It depends
on the duration of the war. That
they will be very large is certain.
1t is in our interest that the re-
Mobilization of France should be ac-
complished as quickly as possible, and
the profit which we shall draw from
our larger relations with her will
bear a direct relation to the skill
and largeness Of view with which
we enable her to equip herself rapid
ly and on good terms. Our meagre
banking facilities abroad are against
us here. Up to the present the
French Government has not judged
the moment favorable for the organ
ization Of any central body with
which we may deal as the responsible
agent. Bankers here, as abroad, feel
that some such expedient will be
necessary and advantageous.
Avoided
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-11
Americans Liked
And Trusted

And Trusted
The first step in the learning of
industry, if one may adopt so SUI
perior an attitude, is the choice of
master. The French have chosen
us without our solicitation. They
told the commissioners that they
knew better than any one that they
we're behind the times in many ways
and that they had chosen to study
the American model rather than any
other, not only because they saw all
Of its excellence but also on account
o. sentiment Of friendliness for
the American business man and the
American people in general. I'VE
tried for years to learn of the Ger
mans" they said in all modesty.
"We knew that they were more up
t. date than ourselves. But we
could not learn from them because
we could not get along with them.
We did not like them and they did
rot like us. We never understood
each other. Now, we like you, we
trust that you like US, we think we
understand you, and we shall try as
hard as we can to make ourselves
perfectly clear to you. We are GER
tain that we shall both succeed"
The utterance is characteristic of
the feeling which prevails concern
ing US throughout France, not only
in the government and in the Cham
bers of Commerce and business
mems organizations, but in the hearts
Of the people themselves. Whatever
the war may have brought to us in
unfavorable opinion in other bellig-
erent nations, it has unquestionably
strengthened US in France. 1t is
we'll to bear in mind that the theory
that it was our duty to take up arms
with the Allies was not Of French
origin and that it has never received
serious consideration in France,
where people are content to let US
decide such problems for ourselves
without outside suggestion.
1t is certain that this good French
opinion will bear practical fruits
during the reconstruction period.
Naturally it would be going too far
to assume that we shall be preferred
to allies themselves, but, other things
being equal, we shall have fair
chance to show what our competence
and science can do. We have the
word of the French for it that no
mention Of measures against US in
favor of an internally trade policy
was made at the Allied Economic
Conference in Paris, and we are
warmly assured that French bust
ness men will not favor any policy
detrimental to us in future confer
ences. The French are undoubtedly
our best friends and we will do well
TO show them during our relations
with them while the reconstruction
is under way that we are willing TO
20 more than half way
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-11
SPI JRRING BOTH MAN AND
MACHINE TO TOP SPEED
Reforms Reinq Advocated in Great Britain Are Certain to
Produce Profound Changes in Engineering Industries
IN Which the United States Sets Fast Pace

casting would often make a similar
saving to that of the punch-cutting
machine. In pattern making and in
moulding the use of machines may
produce a given output in fewer
hours than it previously took days.
These instances, which could be
multiplied indefinitely, serve to illus.
trate the fact that if the most eff.
cient use Of men and machinery is 10
be introduced generally into engi.
neering practice as al inn. iiate re.
form it will produce profound
change in the industr Such a
change cannot be maze ,.'hout re-
curing at the same fne other
changes ancillary and az larry to Il,
which will have to be diluted as
certainly and as imme' ely as the
measures for direct IL r,ssc of eff.
ciorcy. The labor tina set iree BY
increasing the output bar which
is retained will have be trans.
ferred to the needs Of e increased
aggregate production, & far more
than the present mob Of labor
between different trade I'd between
different branches of q 3me trade
will be needed if men not 10 be
thrown out Of work, { the injury
both of themselves an, Of the ma.
tional income. Bases ( r adjusting
wages must be found at not only
will be just to workmen Dot also will
avoid the highly frictioaal methods
by which the adjustment has often to
be objected under existing conditions
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-11

in such bright frame Of mind since
1870.
There remains the traditional m
feriority of French industry on &C
count of social development and IN
ternal political events. In so far as
the commissions experts could Judge
France possesses adequate industrial
talent and vital energy. There were
several new munitions plants which
astonished the commissioners by a
standard of efficiency seldom achieved
in the best old plants of the United
States. In general industry in long
established plants efficiency was very
good indeed, seldom below our
standard. After all it is impossible
for a country to be all things at
once, and it may require so much
of Frances energy to maintain her
agricultural and financial positions
that the remainder is quite natural
" insufficient for the development
of an industrial power comparable
10 that achieved by countries which
for one reason or another have been
led to devote a greater proportion
of their energy to this end. In any
case the French are conscious of
the deficiency themselves, and 1t is
their resolve to Immediately create
an industry worthy of their genius
and of their position in the world.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-11

by Wnlcn the duJ uSlUeHJ hdS Oiteh 10
be objected under existing conditions.
Short Hours, but
More Rapid Pace
u. The physical and intellectual well
being of workers, desired as 1t is on
all Grounds, will become a matter Of
eccnoApic necessity when all are re-
CURED D do their very best, and hours
OF work are consequently limited to
those for which, subject to appro-
pirate "breatlSers," raen can work at
top speed and COM in fresh the next
day. The education that Is given 70
those who are 70 Leccme workers
must provide for the n,scoa moi only
of the far greater volume Of dlrec'
tional and technical workers who are
required under efficient methods, 5H,
also Of the majority whose work will
be neither directional nor technical
and whose share in the interests OF
life must be found largely in their
leisure.
The aid Of scientific and industrial
research must be sought on a scale
proportionate to the material inter
ests involved. In the functions which
are the same for all who direct va
rious branches of industry means Of
cooperation must be found that viii
give the benefit of common counsel
without stunting individual growth
In the interests that management
and labor have in common similar
mechanism must be set up for COM
bining the experience of both sides
without interfering with the work or
decreasing the responsibility Of the
managers. Means must be devised
for encouraging the accumulation Of
savings as capital, and for applying
them through banks or otherwise to
the purposes of production.
Formidable as these agenda may
seem, they are the necessary condi-
tons of introducing the best en-
cheney, not into isolated show fac
tories, but throughout the entire IN
dustry, and TO neglect them would De
TO insure catastrophe. For the con
siderations outlined above are not
conventions that can be modified oy
mutual agreement nor counsels o.
perfection that can be renowned Il
their cost is too great. They are the
commands of the economic forces Of
civilized nature, the verdict Of is
laws in the present situation Of BTU
ish industry.
Hitherto the country's long starr
and worldwide connection, ITS va"
capital. its low wages, and low az
gregate profits, as compared WIN "
most powerful competitors, have e'.
abled it to violate these laws nO'
without heavy loss, but without 'n'
risk of imminent ruin. These means
of escaping or postponing the pena''
t. have collapsed. Competitors nav
encroached on the country's crlgil"'
lead. Of its capital only irae''O"
will be left. Wages cannot renal"
low. nor the profits out OF when cay
ital has to be renewed.
British industry stands eNpOs,O'
as it never has been before 70 ~,
economic forces which can ruin II
they are resisted; but ,Shlch' re'Os
nized and adapted, can MAKE
greater than ever. At all tunes Wv
function of engineers is to direct 'n'
forces of nature to the use and CO"
venience of man. British engi'e'
have now to turn these econon1
forces 10 the salvation OF he'r y"
industry. and can render no greater
service to the future OF the ""'
when peace is reached.
An appeal. signed by the French "a IA
4, ,,.....o apd Industry ~"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-11
FRANCE, EXPECTS WAR TO
FREE HER INDUSTRIES FROM
TRADITION OF INFERlORIlY
American Methods Are Studied Through Friendly Eyes That the Nation May
Equip Itself Throw Off the Commercial Restraints Long
Imposed by an verbeamg German Competition

terials and manufactures. II all
comes Of the French specialization,
so far as our needs are concerned.
in the sort of Injuries which tariff
for revenue cannot ignore. For
the momerft we are selling heavily
to France because she is not COM
mercial market, but a military one !;
it is matter of existence for her to
secure goods and we have the only
goods in the world. 1t is conceivable
that the strain for local require
ments in the chief manufacturing
countries of Europe during short
period after the signing of peace
will leave us unmenaced in this en-
viable position. But it cannot con-
tinue long. The indications of its
end will be sufficiently clear. Then
we must choose between a more fleX-
ible tariff. which will permit us to
exploit the advantages of our special
industrial and commercial situation
without proportionately damaging
our interests as regards protection,
and a more limited foreign trade
with a greater degree of protection
and a theoretically higher revenue.
To put it briefly, it is improbable
that we shall increase our exports
to France permanently unless we
increase our imports from her in
proportion. The commission is as
emphatic about the necessity Of one
as Of the other DEVELOPMENT.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-11

necessary and advanta.
The Dolores star., 1917-07-20
WITH THE FLOWERS.

For bulb planting In the autumn
make an early selection Of the ones
you want, thus securing the best speci-
mems. Planting Is not to be done UNI
til the late frosts, when the beds now
In use will be unoccupied and ready
for the bulbs. Beds planted this au-
tumn will begin Towering almost be-
fore the snow disappears In the spring.
For an early crop Of sweet peas next
year remember to plant sweet peas In
the open ground next November.
When the fact IL considered that Il
takes nearly two tons Of fresh manure
to make one ton Of rotted manure.
owing to the loss BY evaporation and
teaching, It may be seen that much Of
the fertilizing matter originally con-
tanned IL lost In the rotting process.
and that when fresh there are moro
tons and 80 more fertilixing material
to make use of.
The Dolores star., 1917-07-20
WICHURIANA LIST

DR.. Robert Huey, one Of the most
eminent amateur rosarians Of the
country has prepared a list Of roses in
the wichurlana class, the hybrid tea
class and the hybrid perpetual class as
being the best fitted for cultivation in
this country.
OF the wichuriana, or climbing roses,
these he considers the best: Dor
othy Perkins, Refine Marie Henriette,
Christine Wright, Excelsa, Gardenia,
Hiawatha, DR.. Van Fleet and Elisa
Robichon.
In the hybrid tea class, a cross be-
tween the vigorous hybrid perpetual
and the tea rose, the latter Of which
Is not vigorous enough for outdoor
cultivation in this climate, are the fol-
lowing: Antoine Revoire, Betty, Clar-
ice Goodacre. Chrissie MacKellar, Mrs.
MacKellar. Dorothy Page Roberts,
Duchess of Wellington, General Mac
Arthur. Grace Molyneux, Gustav Cru
nerwald. George G. Waud, Joseph Hill.
Killarney, Yonkheer J. L. Mock, Honor
able Ina Bingham, Laurent earle, Lyon
Rose, Madame Jules Boncbe, Madame
Jules Grolez, Madame Marie de Luxe,
Ophelia. Ny Maryland, Robert Huey,
The Dolores star., 1917-07-20
ANYBODY CAN GROW PEoNIes

The peony II essentially the peoples
flower. 1t fiourishes In any decent soil
and aftrr struggling with insect pests.
worrying over soil conditions and
studying fertilizer propositions in the
garden Of more delicate flowers the
peony comes into Its own In the gar
den Of the average grower Of flowers.
1t must needs be planted where It
will be assured an abundance Of light,
and the choice Of q soil IL one that 10
moderately well-drained. The roots
should be planted SO that the crown
Is about three inches below the sur
face. Plant stake nearby to mark
the spot. Peonies may be planted In
the spring but the best time for this
work Is September or October.
To propagate peonies divide the
fieshy roots with a sharp knife. but
take care to avoid cutting through the
buds. Every root with bud will pro-
duce plant.
The planting Of the peony is a per-
manent one so 1t IL worth considers
ton to obtain the finest possible va
rieties. Its beauty and ease Of Guilt
walton recommend 1t to the attention
Of the amateur. 7...ga s.Et
II the plants do not seem to thrive
satisfactorily. an application of bone
meal after the blooming season, Q
small handful to a plant, may be ap-
piled.
The Dolores star., 1917-07-20
TABLE DECORATIONS

The best plant for daily table deco
ration Ii undoubtedly the asparagus
plumosus. It has foliage much dain-
tier than any other fern.
1t can be easily grown in bushy
compact form which q plant designed,
for table use should have.
No matter what your selection the
arrangement Of the cut flowers and
the beauty Of the potted plant make
the effect.
Peoples, Of gorgeous colora, artist
calIy placed In simple glass bowl.
makes one Of the most BEAUTIFUL and
restful center pieces.
For your plants get three or four
asparagus plumosus and give them q
good soil Of garden loan made Hight
with sand. Water moderately. sun
shine 10 not essential to its successful
culture.
Shower several times asweek and
Keep red spider from injuring Il. Be
sure to nip on the end Of each shoot
as advised to above to make the plant
spread out well
Don't forget that Q bowl Of flowers
on the table Ii great distributor Of
sunshine and dlspeller Of gloom.