The menace. [volume] (Aurora, Mo.) 1911-1920, 1917-08-18

~ HERE has Just appeared a
most timely and extremely
I6 important volume entitled
IM. why Italy Entered Into the
GI Great Var" 1t is from the
scholarly pen Of Luigi Carnovale, an
author and journalist Of marked
ability. The story in its first and
second parts contains a vivid historic
summary Of Italy's long and heroic
struggle for freedom, national unity
and the integrity Of democracy
against the papal despotism within
her borders, and the almost in
credibly ruthless Austrian despotism
without her confines. Part three Is
concerned with the history Of the
events leading up to the war; the
facts as they exist concerning the
position Of the leading powers and
the position Of Italy. prior to and at
the time Of her entrance into the war
with various official declarations OF
representatives of Italy and the
Austro- Germanic powers; while part
four contains eleven short chapters
each devoted to leading reasons why
Italy entered the war.
The important fact that in the cen
tury struggle between the two world
theories Of government-Democracy
and Autocracy--politico- ecclesiastical
Rome has perststentiy and deter
nlinedlv ranged herself on the side
OF despotism and against not only
the democratic theory that in gov
ernment "all power comes from the
people or that "The sovereignty re
sides in the multitude" but also that
the preservation of popular sover
eighty demands freedom of speech
press and assembly, the divorce o.
church and state and popular non
sectarian education, all of which arr
fundamental principles with the up
holders Of liberal democracy.
Then arose the great series o.
revolutions instigated by the Car
bonari--a secret organization EN-
bracing many Of the noblest patriot
of Italy who were pledged to tn,
restoration Of the democratic prin
ciples and the overthrow Of des
potism. This great secret order lai'
the foundation for Italy's freedom
and was in a real way the John tn
Baptist of the great revolutions le'
by Garibaldi and Mazzini.
In 1920 the despotism Of the bour
( bon king, Ferdinand I, led to revo
luton 50 giant-like that Ferdinand
in terror, granted the people the con
stitution which they demanded; hu
this uprising Of the people alarme
the Austrian emperor who with hi
brother despots, the car Of Russi
and the kaiser Of Prussia forthwith
assembled a royal council where un
der tho guidance Of Prince Meter
nich, The mastery Jesuit and one o
the most able and malign govern
mental influences Of the 10th Ger
tury contrived to have Ferdinan
abrogate the constitution. Austria
troops enforced the edict Of tn
despots.
This revolution was followed b
similar revolts In various province
ruled by the allied despots all Q
which were ruthlessly crusheC
usually by Austrian soldiers who's
presence were frequently marked b
acts Of ferocity and inhuman cruelt
that would put barbarians to tn
blush.
Tyranny and Ruthless Deeds q
Pope Gregory XVI
The oppression of the pope an
the priests who ruled, like that {
the papal despots In adjoinin
provinces became unbearable an
revolutions ensued. The followin
description by our author sun
marizes in a few words the sad fat
of the democrats In the papal STATE
Not less cruel was the fate Of the Reyol
J tionists Of the Roman state. Gregory X
and enemy Of every human liberty. "hlled
the prisons with honest citizens and used I
RaIlows without stint;" and to sustain (
tyranny which he represented, he maintain
IN the Roman state for seven years at pub
expense, several thousand soldiers who
not fail to commit their usual outraEes, ey
more ferociously than usual because they We
fanatically certain that ,asy were hghti
for worldly honor, for the glory Of the vie
Of God on earth. and for an Austrian prime
In the historic struggle Of TIA
to realize the democratic aspiration
against the despots of the pap
autocracy, and that Of the powerf
Catholic autocracy Of Austria, {
given in this volume, patriot
( 1..n.;.o,.. ill And q top0ihfe elaa