davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1917-09-23

experiment and trial and test their
schemes down to the most petty de-
tails. This method of laboratory de-
tail has several advantages Among
the most important are the chance to
see if the designed changes are work
able under actual conditions, or condi-
tions closely resembling the actual; the
opportunity of trying out and selecting
the best among rival and alternative
plans. If there be such; the discovery
of hidden difficulties and pitfalls, the
correction of erroneous ideas or faulty
projects, the development OF better
and more complete plan than could
arise out of theoretical discussion, the
transition from generalities to details
and the ironing oyt of all wrinkles.
This laboratory test goes on day after
day. week after week. if necessary. un-
til the bureau of efficiency is convinced
that it's plan or plans are feasible. eX-
pedient and profitable.
The efficiency engineers now advance
to their final task. They ask the officials
of the bureau of canals to confer with
them. and explain their projects. AZ
stated above, the officials, even though
sometimes sheptical, are always ready
Evening star., 1917-09-23

cross roads nearby: one OF our l2os
drops an o. X. in the ammunition dump
nearby and a gorgeous lame OF RED
and yellow and blue dashes up oeneath
us. The gun is crushed Ana go
home"
From the LAFAYETTE Escadrille comes
the story of the American Sergt. Balls
ley who went up with the hight com
mander. Capt. Thenault. and two OF the
American martyrs Of the squadron, Nor
man Prince and Kitten Rockwell Balls
ley attacked an aviator. but his machine
gun jammed at the first shot and ne
dropped out to repair. He was tnen
attacked by five German planes which
drew circle round him ana prexented
him from descending. His thigh was
pierced by shot and he tainted. ms
machine spiraling dizzily downward
After a fall of nearly 1900 feet he re.
gained consciousness, took control OF
his avion and, hotly chased by a Ger
man whose machne-gun riddled the
planes and fuselage with shot. man
aged to reach the French lines. The
next day. Chapman, coming with bag
of oranges to his hospital, was shot
down by Boelke and killed.
From the notebook written while In
fight) of Bombardier r. on his success
full trip to Mannheim:
The night has come Far off the
lights of Besel (Switzerland) glow in
the sky; nearer those of Mulhouse.
must have heard our motor because
can see gaslights being extfn-
guished. one after the other. AS we
approach each town and village we
see it for a moment. and then it fades
out. The districts served with cleo
tricity go out suddenly. 1t is as if We
were blowing out millions of candl leS
with the draft of our propeller. We are
following the Rhine. It is just like a
silver-gray line of intrenchments.
"e:15 At 500 yards l can see Strass-
burg. It. too. dies out Apparently
the alarm has been given. Foolish My
bombs are not for Alsace.
Still at 500. Landau is behind US
and TO the left. Dead ahead is the warm
glow of Carlsruhe. 1t is 10 O'Clock. The
lights go out brusquely
I'VE are going strong. f-ightened by
the consumption of petrol, the motor
is turning over smoothly We are
nearly at Ludwigshafen. We have sped
ahead of the warning and the town is
ablaze with light.
I'VE rise to 1900 yards and shut off
Evening star., 1917-09-23

her whole point of view changed. The
question today is not the saving of money.
but the conservation of resources. 1t IL
alike necessary for the rich and the poor.
If one has enough money it is of compare
lively little account how many purchases
be made of materials of which there is a
plentiful supply, but il is very important
matter that only the most necessary
amounts be bought of materials of which
there will probably be a shortage. 1t is az
important for the richest person in the
country to save waste in wheat. in fat and
in similar food materials as 1t is for the
poorest.
IF the public school teacher can impress
upon her pupils that the saving of material
is a service to the country and that it is
just as important the production OF
more material. she may be able not only
to help in the present crisis. but perhaps
become a large factor in intoxicating thrift
habits that Will be of far greater value
than any manipulation of materials the
children might learn
1T is in these simple and humble
ways quite as much as in the more
spectacular ones that real service may
be given. In the Presidents call Tor
service to different groups of people
perhaps none is more needed than that
to the housewife: Eliminate waste.
In reply TO a question as to the pos
sible effect of the war on the domestic
service problem. Mrs. Norton answered:
-.AS long as general social conditions
continue to curtail family expenditures
the reduction in the supply OF house
servants may not be Seriously felt, but
it seems unlikely that the supply VIII
reach its former figures. even when
other conditions shall have returned TO
the normal
While ii is probable that a simpler
style Of living may be the result OF
the drain on the national wealth, II
seems unlikely that the supply OF
trained domestics will meet the demand
unless the conditions of work are made
more attractive and domestic service is
regarded as highly skilled industry
on a par with dressmaking and the
other skilled needle trades. Better
teaching in the domestic trade schools.
the keeping of fewer maids. and those
better paid and better equipped, COM
bined with less onerous service. may
prove one method of dealing with the
problem.
Mrs. Norton has had ample opportu.
nifty of putting in practice her own
theories in domestic economy, for she
is the mother of five children and was
for many years the keeper of home in
Chicago. She is a college graduate For
many years she served assistant
professor of household administration
in the University of Chicago. Later she
was supervising dietitian of Cook
county. Ill, Institutions. and for some
years past has served as director OF the
Chautauqua School of Household
Science. She is secretary Of the Ameri.
can Home Economics Association ana
editor of the Journal of Home Eco
nomics.
Evening star., 1917-09-23
Says Time Has Come for Cooperation i'm Households


7 O endeavor to bring its work to
the highest point OF efficiency.
III the food administration has es
< tablished a food library in
Washington where many things available
in the way of books. magazines and bull
letius even fugitive recipes, have been
gathered together for the use OF those
who are instruc,ing the people IN the
proper methods OF conserving the ma
TONS food supply.
The person in present charge of this
library is Mrs. Alice Peloubet Norton, a
daughter of that DIR. Peloubet, whose
Notes are familiar TO every biblical stu
dent Mrs Norton has studied the gos
bel of home economics with somewhat the
same thoroughness that her father has
studied the Bible. and she has given to
the world through books. articles, lee
lures and mainly through teaching in
schools ard colleges, goodly share OF her
trained knowledge. This is now being
placed al the service of the research
workers of the food administration.
When Mrs Norton was discovered after
a little search in the food administra-
ton library, which is housed in one of
those old Washington hostelres which
have been converted from their original
rurpose into war emergency offices. she
declared herself willing to grant short
interview on the subject of home eco
uomicS and their practice in war time.
..The time has come when we have to
plan much more definitely than ever be
TORE for co-operation in our households -
she said with the oncoming of the
war the day of individual effort has
GONE We must live and work for each
9tner for the benefit of all In eff
for,s for food conservation we are looking
toward the placing of many such things
as canning, drying. preserving, etc. on
cooperative basis
gwen In f;,rnhouses most people have
rut the butter making and the cheese
making out of the home, and exactly as
the milk in many OF the most progressive
agricultural sections is being sent to the
Creamery so, in time, will be sent such
things as vegetables and fruits to COM
MON center There they can be canned
and dried under the best conditions at a
cost fair to all. In my opinion. home eco
nouics is largely cooperation. the whole
community cooperating with the home.
Now. what is the real object of the
bomee" asked Mrs. Norton, ref1ectively
..,The essential in the organization of
, home is that it may be made most eff
acient for its real purpose. To make
IL so. many people Gefeat the real end
of the home and make 1t merely
business enterprise. But the home is
much more than a business enterprise
II is also comfort enterprise. and
.nything that furthers the comfort of
tho home furthers also it's efficiency
Anv binding rule or principle which
aastrovs the comfort and wellbeing of
the home defeats the real purpose of
a home.
bring the caildren and members of the
Evening star., 1917-09-23

tools and neglecting to build his house.
Now these are fundamentals and they
apply to the present crisis as well as
to any time. All our study and all our
work in home economics are in the IN
terest of establishing and preserving a
better order of things for the home.
THE ultimate end of domestic econ
omy is to make the home the best pos
sible place in which to live ana 10
give to the woman as well as to the
man a region of choice enabling ooth
to share the social opportunity ana
social responsibility that are part OF
tue democracy.
Now. to get down to some of the
details in the general scheme. Among
other things I would urge the house
keeper to spend less time-not more
on the care of her house by deVislng
quick ways of work. by learning TO
eliminate la Dor. by showing how high
standards of true cleanliness may be
maintained without forever cleaning:
by emphasizing the fact that after all
the home. especially at this time, offers
higher duties than the care of the
house.
While we are planning carefully the
Evening star., 1917-09-23

conservation of food and other ma le-
rials we should be at least equ'lly
careful to conserve effort. With the
desire on the part OF every one to con-
tribute to the nations need, there Is
danger of duplication of effort, of lack
of cooperation and of fruitlesS repe-
tition of work.
There are a number of 'bogies' in
teaching and writing on domestic econ
omy which we may as well avoid III
the interest of true conservation. There
is the meteorological 'bogy. AS an
instance a recently published text
book saws that the refrigerator should
be thoroughly washed in washing
soda solution each day. of course. If
one is careless and Upsets the milk
the damage must be repaired, but even
observing the old adage that ladies
and gentlemen use cleaning processes
not to get clean but to keep Clean it
would seem that time might be better
spent than in washing daily a properly
kept and well constructed refrlgera-
tor"
Another "bogy' referred to by Mrs.
Norton was the general condemnation
by economists Of the telephone in mar
keting.
we are told over and over again
that one of the reasons for the high
cost of living is marketing by tele-
phone" she said. often no distinc-
lion is made between the classes of
goods that may be successfully bought
in this way and those that are difficult
to obtain satisfactorily. Sugar -four
canned goods. package goows when one
knows the brand and many other
standard articles may be bought as
well in, this way as any other. Meat
fresh ffuit and vegetables are pur-
chased more satisfactorily by personal
inspection. 1t is easier, too. by going
to market to take advantage of varia-
ton in market prices.
Yet here even distinctions must be
made The woman who deals with one
clerk who will keep her informed of such
variations who knows the quality of food
that she wishes and who is interested to
serve her satisfactorily. may perhaps use
the telephone without disadvantage. the
tendency of the time is to save human
energy and that which is saved in mar
keting by telephone may earn enough to
pay the cost. In any case, marketing by
telephone is here. and it has undoubtedly
come 20 stay. and it is our problem to try
to regulate 1t. not to condemn it.
1T is my conviction that in domestic
economy we are too prone to tithe the
mint, and anise. and cummin. and to neg
iect the weightier matters of the law in
our domestic economics" said Mrs. Norton.
The interviewer questioned Mrs Norton
concerning the cost of living and the pres
ent crisis.
"A few months ago the cost of living
was occupying large part of the atten-
ton of the housekeeper,'' she said. How
to spend less money and still have ade-
Quate food. shelter and clothing. and how
to best distribute the amount to be spent.
were her serious problems In a moment
Evening star., 1917-09-23

N. 1t was bad enough for him to
get our billets in the town. but when
he began to strike down old women and
little children playing in the streets it
was too much. We tried to spot him in
various ways, but he wouldn't play at
night and the days were all either
rainy or too cloudy for observation.
At last a wind came up and lifted the
clouds to about 1900 yards End the
flight commander gave me the order to
go up.
II got the cuckoo out Of her nest
and started with my observer. After
circling around my battery and get
ting the ready signal from her pennons.
started off. 1t was the first time
either of us was spotting and our re-
ception was regal Flowers. flowers
everywhere-and little onions. The
gray puffs of the IT'S and the great
yellow clouds of the 105s We flew over
a floor of snowballs: really 1t was n
pity the sky was overcast. because the
effect would have been wonderful
against blue background. Little by
little we We're approaching their satanic
batteries In another minute we could
wireless back the fire signal Just shen
one of their IT'S corrected its fire and
we Were framed in, like a picture at
the salon. ] side-slipped gently on my
left wing too late. My right wing was
shot through like u skinner We held
on. somehow. and sent back the signal.
Twenty seconds later our batteries
opened up. bit over and zoo yards to
the left. Correction. A bit under now,
and to the right. Another correction.
- shell breaks fifty yards away. No
haum. Wait. Our wireless caught by
splinter and broken off. Back to the
hangar. A kind friend gives us his
bird and are off again and over the
lines in ten minutes our battery Is
gradually narrowing the circle around
the Boche guns, but their circle around
us grows correspondinRly small I'm
possible to go up, because of the low
hanging clouds-and we are flying now
in a sea of steel Our wireless is bab
bling on beautifully. Then, suddenly
two shocks. First noise under my
feet. louder than any shell, but without
effect. Il will tell you what / found
out later-one of my tires had been
shot open) Then frightful rip, and
Evening star., 1917-09-23

to cooperate and give the proposed
improvements a trial. The bureau sends
its staff. portion OF it. to the bu-
reau of canals, armed with their tested
plans to take charge of the work. To
some extent they may utilize the clerks
of the canal bureau. but so far as pos
sible they supersede them Temporarily.
They are now under actual fire. They
must make good their promises. They
must demonstrate that their plans
really save time and money.
In this part Of the program there are
sometimes anxious moments for the
efficiency engineers. They are under
the necessity of doing the work of eX-
perienced people. and of showing that
they can do il better. They frequently
have to put in long hours OF overtime
But this Is all in the game. They stick
at the task until they have their new
systems working with perfect smooth-
ness Gradually they draw back into
the work of the office its regular en-
ployes who have been enjoying a week
or two of comparative leisure. Ihe pu-
reau of canals is on new basis. ANA
the proof lies in the fact that II no
longer needs to request ne" appfo-
priation.
This make-believe example is pic
ture of the procedure that the burel II
of efficiency has in reality followed IN
a number of gases, SO far with success
1t shows that the government is not
the peoples time with outworn, made
quate business practices.
One thing the government is trying TO
find out today is what its employees
are really earning. so that X may pay
them accordingly. 1t wants to pay a
full day's wage for a full days work,
and, correspondingly. it wants TO ellml-
nate cases of overDayment. WITH these
aims the federal officials from the cabl-
net officers down are in hearty sym
pathy.
With A view to standardiZing pay
,nent on an equitable basis. Congress
has ordered the bureau of efficiency to
ascertain the relative pay of persons IN
municipal and in private employment
in various states throughout the coun-
try, and compare 1T with that IN the
government service. A report on thus
investigation Is to be placed before
Congress at it's next session.
service of the government today where
specialists are working for Il third or
half of what they are worth. sad Nj:
Brown to his interviewer The case OF
g. Harold Powell. former assistant chief
of the bureau of plant industry. is an
instance The government was paying
him salary of $4,000 a year The
California Fruit Growers Association
look MIN out OF thlS tioii ~ "o' :,
for it at a salary of $4,000. You can
realize that in the latter post he could
only benefit a percentage of the people
he had hitherto reached throu"h his
government work. This is the case OF
a government official being underpaid
1t is of incidental interest to know
that Mr.. Powell has been detailed by
the association to assist Mr.. Hoover in
the food adminstra ton"
The bureau Of efficiency has been par
ticularly active of late in connection
with the movement now under con-
Gressional consideration of pensioning
government employees. In Its office 1t
has something over 100000 card records
of employees. These are to be used IN
calculating the cost Of pensioning, ia
Evening star., 1917-09-23

make him, superior to Guynemer-an
obvious hit of taking
The second sin of the German airmen
is that they have begun to fly in planes
decorated with the allied cocarde, the
red, white and blue triple circle. Until
recently the use of the enemys insig-
MIA was tabooed in every aerial navy
the Germans have tired of playing the
game Iik" gentlemen.
The Italian star ayiatorS. operating
over the Alps. in conditions Of extra
ordinary difficulty. have accomplished
some of the most thrilling feats in the
air one of them. anonymous. recently
took up a Caprioni triplare with twelve
passengers. In the course of an OBJ
servation he calmly looped the loop
with no more difficulty than the or
dinary aviator has doing a stde-slip
on a Sopwith pup.
But great as other aviators may be.
the French alone have produced the
ace" Their suffe1ngs and achieve
ments are bound to be more or less
the sufferings and achievements of
other aviators. but there is a spirit
in every squadron and 4 manner in
every aviator which distinguishes the
French fiers from all the rest And
there is something in the way France
greets her heroes which is also differ
eut-aud precious.
Take, for example. the appearance on
the Partisan hill-of-fare of this deli
cacy, "oeuf-a la -coque Guynemer,
which in brutal English is .'Guynemer S
boiled egg. What is ii" Take the
explain nation given by sublieutenant.
one of his friends Who preferred to
talk about the ace when asked about
himself:
ITO mabe boiled eggs a la Guy
nemer" he said. you bring your water
carefully to the boil not forgetting to
put pinch of salt in the water When
the water is boiling you watch Guy
nemer and drop your eggs into the
water when he engages his first op-
ponent When Guvnemer has brought
down his third opponent you take the
eggs out of the water. \ point. ne 'est-ce
pas Three minutes. l thought you d
like them that way.
From converse tons. from private let
ters, from the invalua BILE little notebooks
prepared miles above the earth while on
bombing expeditions. and fon few
casual "reminiscences which have ap-
peared in the French press it is possible
to write some of the stories of the ''aces''
as they tell them. In nine cases out of
ten these Frenchmen. who are supposed
to be lions for glory. have asked to have
their names omitted, or have signed
merely initials to their little stories. But
every one of these is genuine and the
spirit which makes an ACE can be dis
cerned in them. They are all keen on
their ace-hood and refer to their mentions
in dispa tches with distinct pride But if
one really wants to know how much the
establishment of the rank of ace means
to them one has only to listen to the
talk OF those. who, like Pegoud. went
west before they got their chance. Or
to talk of Roland Garros. to whom they
Evening star., 1917-09-23

time, and leaned over the car to see.
The explosion came up to us. and af-
ter it a frightful fame. The plane
shook and jumped fifty yards in the
air. Precisely then my pilot started
the engine again and we few to 500
yards. still watching. The Boche
doesn't know what struck him yet.
"On to Mannheim. | drop my last
three shells on a Zepp hangar and hear
a fine explosion.
We are in a nasty mist which is
making it hard to fly and impossible
to write.
Later. Out of it at last. ] am fright
Evening star., 1917-09-23

shot down Fokker. The next day Ma
varre came from a neighboring squad
ron to pay his last respects to Boillot
and shot down another German in
flames. On the following day Capt. Fe-
quaint of the squadron offered a third
victim to the shade of his departed
flyer. And later, in one day. Nungesser
made what one of his companions calls
a ma gnificent gift to the Germans. He
sent down to them, in one morning,
two of their own planes and a sausage
balloon. all in flames. In two years n. 65
has fought 1000 battles in the air and
has registered a least 10 per cent abso-
Lutte Victories with perhaps another ,
per cent probable.
The glory of N 8, the immortal
"Storks.' is the Guynemer, the modest
youth who let's other people talk for
him. One of the members of y. j
spoke of the early days. when Guyne-
mer was nearly driven away from
the gates.
You should have seen him, eh? A
STRIPPING of nineteen who knew how
to fly and insisted. He just from
the Lycee, he had been rejected four
times. but he insisted and he came to
Pau to the aerodrome. They let him
in at~fast. and ! will tell you what he
did. l went up with him once, after
we were both aces to get some photo
graphs, because l understand photog-
raphy. And the last thing he said
to me was. old fellow. l give you
Today is my anniversary Well. we
went up and they recognized him
they always do. because he flies like
no one else in the world. Never have
I heard such cracking of shells
They started in big circle all around
us and came nearer and nearer. but
he did not move. On the course he
kept. and took photographs. At last
/ report that I have enough. but he
asks me to take some photoSrap phs OF
the puffy clouds around our plane. And
when that is done he starts home, but
turns again and does a spiral, l do not
know how many times. right over one
of the batteries which has been look
ing for US In the line they thought
he was crazy But l knew we'll enough
that Guynemer was paying us out for
his early days when we dared to pat
roniEe him.
Unlike most aces" Guynemer does
not believe that he bears a charmed
life His only hope is that he will not
be brought down in German territory.
Sergt Mir 2. believes in his
star. and his record is some justifi-
cation. He has fought endlessly in the
air and has gone through hurricanes
ent he is engaged in spotting or ar
tilIery. Ip a conversation he spoke of
particular adventure in which he used
three planes, and when asked for it,
he promised to write it out Here is
the larger part of his story.
The Boche had been watering us
with a cursed battery for four days at