davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1917-12-02
TO CONSERVE SUPPLY OF
CLOTHING IN GERMANY
Rule Requiring Three Similar Worn
Articles Returned for One
Purchased.

Correspondence Of the Associated Press.
BERN, Switzerland, November 12.-
To conserve the diminishing supply OF
clothing in Germany the German gov
ernment has imposed regulations re-
ouirtng that for all articles OF linen
or personal wear to be purchased three
similar worn articles must be returned.
This increases the scope and rigor of
the clothing cards introduced less than
a year ago.
stockings, gloves, collars, table linen
and cloth materials for various house
hold purposes. For every SUIT or over
coat too we'll worn or one in good con
ditioa must be surrendered. The only
articles of ordinary wear or use that
are exempted from card regulation are
wooden shoes and silk things
More than year ago there was much
talk in Germany of reducing the con-
sumption of cloth by inducing patriotic
minded women to return TO the old but
fashionable tight skirt. The maximum
quantity of material, in meters, which
should be used for a dress was even
stimulated, The economy was not sue
cessfully accomplished, however, for
German women. though they shortened
their skirts appreciably, wore them
wide and full
Now. therefore, there is pending a
rigid specification limiting the number
of yards of cloth which may be de-
voted to any garment of given pro
Notwithstanding upon the size OF
the prospective wearer. And if the
wearer needs linen and other garments
than outer clothes, she must turn in
three corresponding worn-out pieces OF
lingerie.
The strict rules and regulations that
are growing stricter each month have
led naturally to an increased amount
of deception and countless attempts
by those who possess stocks of clothing
to evade the card system by selling al
abnormally high prices to those who
cannot procure cards. The latest re-
ports from Berlin tell OF the arrest OF
a woman who was found TO have con-
cealed a stock of 1900 dozen pairs OF
stockings. These she was peddling in
, little cafes and resorts where there
| was minimum danger of her discov-
cry and at utterly disproportionate
prices.
Evening star., 1917-12-02
Ceaseless Activity, Motto.

Ceaseless activity is the motto of the
grand fleet. Neither men nor ships are
permitted to gather rust or barnacles.
From it's base at the northern tip of
the British Isles 1t sweeps day and
night the 100000 square miles of the
North sea on ceaseless vigil. in un-
Tagging hope that one day it's watch
ing will be rewarded by a meeting
with the enemy under circumstances
wherein he cannot avoid battle. More
over, this sweeping of the North sea
is no mere aimless patrol. In the most
casual moves of ships and men there is
always a directing mind and a direct
ing plan. The North sea is as well
swept In relation to its size as the
drawing room of a well ordered house.
The enemy's coastline is still the Brit
ish navy's frontier.
The harbor which has been the home
of the grand fleet for three years is
probably the finest of its kind in the
world. The whole area comprised in
this British northern base Is about
equal to the hundred-odd square miles
which the Germans evacuated in France
last spring. The battleshfp squad
rons, for example, within their own
particular section of this great base,
have room for every kind Of practice
Evening star., 1917-12-02
CONVENTION CAUSES COMMENT
High Military Council of Japan
Meets Suddenly.
,nce OF the Associated Press.

Correspondence Of the Associated Press.
TOXIC. November 1.-The sudden
converting of the High Military Coun-
ell October 81 has given rise to much
conjecture. The council consists of
the aged Marshal Prince Yamagata,
Marshal Kawamura, Marshal Okla and
Marshal Terauchi. the premier. with
Gen. Uyehara, chief of tho general
staff, and Gen. Oshima. minister of
war.
The conference was of unusual
length and 1t was surmised that it was
connected with three moot questions:
China's request for an arms and NUM-
tions loan. the sending of japanese
troops to the war front and the or
ganization of a new army corps. These
guesses were denied by the authori-
ties. who simply state that plans have
to be made to enable Japan to keep up
with the general war situation and
that nothing OF an urgent nature was
considered.
Evening star., 1917-12-02
RICE GRAIN 1000 YEARS OLD.
Will Be Served to Emperor of Japan
at Maneuvers.
,ndence Of the Associated Press,

Correspondence Of the Associated Press,
TOXIC. November 1.-Rice grown di-
rectly from seed grains 1000 years old
will be served the Emperor of Japan
when he attends the autumn maneuvers
of the Japanese army in Shiga prefec-
ture this fall. The ancient rice grains
were found inside n wooden image of
Vaisravana, in little Buddhist temple
in the village of Iwame.
Vaisravana is the god of wealth and
his image had become SO old as to need
repairing. In the course of doing this
there was found inside the image a
fiaxen. bag, containing the seed and a
paper with the following instruction in
ancient Chinese characters:
This image has been carved for the
peace of the world. If any -one of a
later generation open it, he should put
in new seed" From the artistic style
Of the carving and the traditions relat-
ing to the image, 1t was estimated that
the seeds were 1000 years old. They
were planted and yielded z good eeop.
Evening star., 1917-12-02
CEASELESS ACTIVITY IS
BRITISH NAVY MOTTO
Description of Night Target Prac
tice When Fighters Play Dead
Mans Part on Ship.
of the Associated Press.


BASE OF BRITISH GRAND FLEET.
November 15.-The head of tho British
admiralty. speaking the other day in
the house of commons, flung out a
challenge to the German navy. He
said: Il disclose no secret. or If 1t is a
secret l disclose a fact which 1 should
be glad to tell the enemy-when I say
that the British grand fleet in its
northern base lies behind no shore de-
fenses. but relies on it's own strength
alone"
There are people in the United States
who do not appreciate the activities of
the British navy in it's home waters.
who think that it lies in idleness. like
the German high seas fleet. behind i'm
penetrable landlocked bases For the
purpose of removing this impression,
the Associated Press representative
was asked to visit the grand fleet. live
on board the first-line battleships and
observe just what sort of days work
it puts in day after day and week
after week.
Evening star., 1917-12-02
LIFE TERM FOR MURDERER
Frank Kowalewsh Sentenced FOR
Killing A. Edelstein.

Special Dispatch to The star
WESTMINSTER, Md, December L.
Frank Kowalewski, who was convicted
of murder in the first degree here Tues
day for the killing of Abraham Edel-
stein, a cattle dealer of Baltimore
county. has been sentenced to life i'm
prisonment.
The trial was removed from Anne
Arundel county to the circuit court OF
Carroll county. Following the fmposi-
tion Of sentence by Judge Moss. Mrs
Edelstein, widow of the murdered man,
became frantic and attempted to at
tack the prisoner, but was restrained
by court officials.
The crime for which Kowalewski was
convicted was committed on his farm,
in lonely section of Anne Arundel
county. on the night of September z.
He was arrested by Baltimore detec-
tives after he had fed to ely, a little
town near York, Pa
Evening star., 1917-12-02

maneuvers. including target practice.
On q sunny afternoon tho cor
respondent saw eight battleships at
turret or target practice, a detachment
Of cruisers in maneuvers. a seaplane-
ballon ship at work under conditions
Stimulating those Of actual warfare.
and off around the edges various op-
erations by innumerable small craft
and auxiliarfes.
Night target practice, which also is
conducted within the harbor, is always
an interesting sight. The battleships
steam down the nine-mile course. Sud-
denly a searchlight picks up a target.
Instantly every turret is trained. every
gun directed. Then a button Is pressed
somewhere and the guns speak as with
one voice in a gigantic broadside that
awakens the echoes from the hills.
Evening star., 1917-12-02

pieces, over which they are enthusiast
tic, and the knack Of dropping shell
several miles away within a certain
ffty-foot radius.
Makes Hopes Rise Higher.
These later arrivals furnish the
striking feature which makes rise even
higher the hopes of what America is
going to do in the war. The camp
which for many years was the site OF
a school for a French army corps Is be-
ing transformed. The frame barracks
are whitewashed. creosoted and cleaned
and the stone ones are scrubbed and
disinfected thoroughly. Several thou
sand German prisoners are building
new macadam roads and new barracks
In the camp which will be many times
larger than 1t ever was under French
control.
Some In the camp have already had
a taste of war and learned that happy
boyhood reunions and the pleasure Of
working the big guns is not all o. it.
The first boy to die came from an 1lli-
nofs city. He was Ill eight days with
pneumonia, but refused sick leave un-
til the last minute. An entire regi-
ment with American and French gen.
erals turned out to give him the last
FULL military honors. These boys in
tend to stick together until the last
bugle blows the muster out.
Evening star., 1917-12-02
FOOD SITUATION IN NORWAY
GOING FROM BAD TO WORSE
Government Refuses to Stop Exports En-
tirely, So People Can Obtain Products
From This Country.

some of the grain bought there by Nor
wegian importers and the Norwegian
government, which is now ready Tor
shipment.
Norway is dependent on imported
sugar, as no sugar is produced here
The consumption of sugar is still un-
limited. Candy factories turn out at
much candy as before and no sugar
card is in use here, as In Sweden.
Last summer an ordinance was pass
ed putting motor vehicles and motor
craft on rations Of gasoline. The re-
suit was that automobiles were used
more freely than ever. The American
embargo again forced the authorities
to action. and the sale of gasoline for
use in private cars was entirely stop
ped beginning October 1. Taxicabf
were permitted to operate only from
am. to p.m., and tho streets in the
city are now as quiet and free from
noise as they were twenty years ago.
Kerosine Supply Low.
Tho supply of kerosene is becoming
very low, with no prospect of replace
ment. For fishers this IS disastrous. as
all along the coast they are using
kerosene-driven boats. The country
population and the poor people in the
cities using kerosene for light and
cooking are hard hit, as every family
The scarcity of fat is felt moro and
more every day. The majority of the
population have been using margarine
instead of butter. but now that the
raw stuffs for this product are not al
lowed to be exported from the United
States the margarine production is re-
duced every week Grocers have been
forced to put their customers on al
lowance. nobody receiving more than
a pound at once. Norway is facing a
fat shortage and the nation will have
to be rationed.
AS for fuel. the people are put on
rations, except those who can take
care Of themselves and afford to pay
the prices for coal and coke imported
from Great Britain.
Everybody asks, why does not the
government entirely stop exports If
thereby more favorable importing con-
ditions can be established with the
allies?" But no official answer is given.
Evening star., 1917-12-02
HUN COMMUNIQUE PUZZLE
Towns Mentioned in Dispatch Of
Little Military Value.
nee of the Associated Press.

Correspondence OF the Associated Press.
LONDON. November 20.-A German
official communique mentions as one of
the detectives of the recent Zeppelin
raid the town of Mapleton. There are
only three Mapletons in England, and
none Of them could by the fprthest
stretch of the Imagination be described d
as a town Of military Importance. The
largest Of the trio. in Yorkshire. has a
population Of only $50.
The other two, one in West Derby
shire and tho other in West Yorkshire,
have 200 and 176 population. respec-
lively. The only public buildings in
any Of the three towns are the local
churches and the smallest of the Ma
pletonS has not sven q church.
Evening star., 1917-12-02

Correspondence of the Associated Press.
LONDON, November ia German
description of a British bombardment,
smoke screen, attacks with gas. fame
throwers and tanks followed by A
charge of Canadians and Scots. pub
lished by the Berlin Post, is entitled
I'm the Flanders He'll
For weeks, day and night" says the
writer. tho British kept our position
under fire. Ever fercer burned the
glowing stream that poured cracking
down upon US. Every day this fire grew
hotter. Our artillery replied power
fully. The army communique spoke of
a concentration of enemy fire on indi-
vidual sectors. Even We cannot de-
scribe what that means. Tho history of
the world has never seen anything
more awful. All calibers were brought
into action, and a crater of unprece-
dented extent opened beside the Others
was excavated afresh. swallow ed up the
old ones, spread out beyond the line
trees and threw up the hinterland
Nothing remained intact of all that
nights of hard labor under the enemy's
fire had created.
Dense Fogs Are Created.
'The destroying fire did it's work
with depressing thoroughness, seeming
turn of the smoke. shells. thick smoke
lay before our eyes, SO that we could
see nothing, and yet ever further for
ward must we push our death-defying
posts A real fog is mere patchwork
compared with this artificial fog, which
Evening star., 1917-12-02

Correspondence of the Associated Press.
CHRISTIANIA. November 10.-The
food situation in Norway has grown
from bad to worse, especially since the
American embargo was imposed. So
long as the commercial relations could
be maintained between Norway and tho
United States the import of food was
about big enough to meet the con-
sumers' demand. Except for the stead
lily increasing prices of all articles of
food, everything could be bought as
before, the only form Of rationing being
sugar. which could be bought only
from government stores, two pounds at
a time.
AS a matter Of fact. the government.
and especially the food minister. had
been too optimistic. When cablegrams
from Washington stated that the Amer
lean government was going to place an
embargo on different articles the an
swer from the Norwegian government
to the press. asking how this would
affect Norway, was that 1t meant only
that Norway should guarantee that
nothing would be re-exported to Ger
many, and then Norway would get all
it needed.
It has dawned on the government that
Uncle Sam means business and that
Norway cannot expect special favors
as a favorite friend.
Government Has Grain Monopoly.
After the importation Of grain and
flour stopped the government estab-
lished a grain monopoly. taking charge
of all grain imported and produced
here. The farmers are not allowed to
sell their crops to any one but the gov
ernment and at a fixed price. The ma
tion will be put on flour or bread ra-
tions, every peerson, adult or child.
being allowed twenty-five pounds of
bread monthly, or sixteen pounds of
unsifted -four. The people. however,
are instructed to mix potatoes in the
bread dough. With this years crop
and the imported grain in storage Nor
way has enough flour till February or
March. 1t is hoped here that the United
States will grant export licenses for
Evening star., 1917-12-02
WILL COST s517,5oo,ooo
TO REPLACE LOST LINERS
Liverpool Steamship Owners Asso.
citation Gives Data on Its Vessels
Destroyed Since August, 1914.

Correspondence of the Associated Press.
LIVERPOOL, November 15!SThe Liv-
erpool Steamship Owners Association
reports that 231 of its ships. with a
total tonnage Of 1.465,046. are numbered
among the war losses since August, 1914.
The marine losses numbered thirty-three
vessels, with a total Of 174.s59 tons.
New vessels added to the feet Of the
members of the association were 131.
with a tonnage Of 946.532.
The association estimates the cost Of
replacement of liner losses during the
war at 91o3,o80,000. After deductinS
Evening star., 1917-12-02

Pinned under their automobile in water
after their car had crashed through a
bridge railing four Utica men were
drowned Thursday evening near Utica, n.
V The dead are: John Motjanosd, An
thony Carwacz. Joseph Rykbko and
George KanaSy.
Evening star., 1917-12-02
Question of Netherlands Ships.

As regards the question of the Meth
erlands ships that have SO long been
lying In American ports. the minister
was hopeful that an arrangement
might even yet materialiZe. suggesting
that it would be mutually acceptable
If. say, a third of their number was
placed in the America Netherlands
East Indies service. a third placed at
Evening star., 1917-12-02

Carl Sabel, a petty officer of the Ger
man navy, one of the ten interned Ger
mans who escaped from the prison camp
at Fort Mcpherson. Ga, October %. has
been captured in New York. He is the
last of the Germans who escaped to he
lEoundsd up
Evening star., 1917-12-02
Germany's Gun Views Changed.

OF the German big guns Is per cent are
long-range cannon and the remaining rs
per cent howitzers- The most numerous
OF the long-range guns are 4-fnch. Az
inch. 5-fnch and 6-inch. but they possess
also batteries of S.7-inch, s7-inch. IL
inch and 15-inch long-range guns. al
though these are very few in number.
Their howitzers are for the most part of
6-inch caliber, but besides these they
have in line batteries of 11-inch. 12-inch
and 1T-inch howitzers
Germany had not developed any liking
FOR mountain guns before this war. but
she has been forced to change her views
by the developments Of the fighting, In the
Vosges for instance, and now has twenty
batteries of mountain guns, six pieces OF
3-inch caliber rapid-f1re to a battery, and
also has formed several batteries of 4-inch
mountain howitzers.
Trench artillery as well has been a de-
velopment of this war, and the German
army Is now well provided with weapons
OF various kinds for use in the advanced
lines. Its trench motors range in caliber
from inches to 10 inches Finally. the
small trench cannon of IL inch, 2-inch
and 2k-inch caliber have become very
numerous in all sectors Of the line.
The personnel Of the gunnery branch of
the German army has become nearly az
great as that Of the infantry.
Evening star., 1917-12-02
POLICY OF ISOLATlNG HOLLAND
BAD ONE, MINISTER TREUB SAYS
Attitude of Britain and America Makes
Netherlands Dependent on Germany.
Peace Outlook Not Favorable.

the disposal Of the Belgian relief COM
mission and third permitted to ply
between the United States and Holland
"Is it possible for the Netherlands so
to revise her present export arrange
ment as to remove Americas objections
to permitting bread, grain and cattle
, food to be exported here?" questioned
the correspondent. referring thereby to
the surplus products of Hollands own
soil that are now divided between
Germany and Britain.
"It is certainly possible to revise
present agreements with Germany and
Britain" was the reply. "and. indeed.
it will be one of the first duties of the
newly formed central export bureau to
undertake such a revision, for at pres
ent we are not free to export to neu-
ports going to Germany cannot be re-
duced to any considerable extent, for
we are dependent on that country for
our coal and other necessities"
Were the Netherlands likely to be yet
drawn into the war by the various COM
plications now arising, inquired the
correspondent Il do not think there Is
immediate danger of that" replied Mr..
year or more. then no one can prophesy
what will be the result. Serious eco
nomic and political difficulties may be
expected"
Believes Peace Outlook Bad.
What do you think of the peace out
look" questioned the interviewer.
The outlook, in my opinion, is very
bad" came the reply.
How would Holland regard a peace
whereby Germany released Belgium
only on condition of the guarantees, Of
which she speaks, as, for instance, ad-
ministrative separation" inquired the
correspondent.
Without knowing the exact nature
of such guarantees" was the answer,
1T is impossible to express an opinion.
Administrative separation might and
might not weaken Belgium. 1t is con-
ceivable that a system might be es-
tablished, as in Switzerland, which did
not reduce the nations strength. T re-
gard 1t as a great interest for Holland
that Belgium should be restored to alb
solute independence; that she should be
an entirely neutral. free country, not
under the control of one party or the
other"
Evening star., 1917-12-02
ARTILLERY IS COMPARED
WITH INFANTRY SERVICE
Germany as Well as the Ententes
Recognize Greater Value
of the Former.

Correspondence of the Associated Press
FRENCH FRONT, November 15.-The
ententa armies have not been alone in
recognizing the greater value of artil-
lery as compared with infantry in the
method of warfare In operation on all
the European fronts since the cessa-
tion of the war of movement at the
end of 1914.
A glance at the strength of the Ger
man field artillery branch at the open
ing of hostilities shows that it then
consisted Of 642 batteries At present
it is composed of 1000 batteries at
least. AS the batteries now contain
only four pieces instead of six as at
the beginning of the war. the calcula-
tion of the power of the artillery in
the field must be based on the number
of guns rather than that of batteries
Whereas in 1914 the German army
possessed only 1852 field guns, 1t now
disposes Of 5000 if the minimum figure
OF 1000 batteries with which 1t was
furnished at the end of 1916 is taken
as the basis of calculation.
These field artillery batteries are
divided into two kinds-those armed
cannon (the three-inch) and those
armed with light four-inch field how
itzers. The German three-inch cannon
has been much improved and its range
greatly increased since 1914.
Heavy Artillery Increased.
AS to the German heavy artillery.
the increase in the number Of pieces
mas been even greater in proportion
than that OF the field artillery. In
peace time the German empire had or
ganfzed twenty-four regiments Of
heavy artillery. Each regiment was
composed of two battalIons of four
batteries, and each battery was armed
with four guns. thus totaIing 76s
heavy guns.
AS soon as the army had been moh-
llized III 1914 the German military author
1ties established new heavy artillery for
nations Soon each artillery regiment of
the regular army had attached to 1t a re-
serve regiment. consisting Of four batter
les OF skilled gunners. also a battalion of
four batteries of landwehr, or second re-
servfsts. and, finally. a battalion of four
batteries formed from among the third
reservists or landstrum. When the arse
mails and shell factories later had reached
higher level of production OF guns and
ammunition further batteries were formed
from among the men of the Ersatz re-
serve. Since the first years of the war
large numbers OF the recruits of the
younger classes which have been called
out for service have been sent to the
artillery branch. By the end of 1916 the
number Of heavy batteries had been null
tiplied more than five times, and in the
course Of 1917 further additions have been
made to the total.