The Hays free press. [volume] (Hays, Kan.) 1908-1924, 1917-06-23

at that i'm 4HCCV <TZ0OCCHZS.CH III"
that no unanchOr- H ~O2'@~@N< @N/1T
ed mines should
be used which would be dangerous more than an
hour after they had been dropped into the sea.
The mines in question self-contained contact
mines that not controlled from any shore or
observing station and well-nigh instantly men
acing when cast overheard.
Just before the the Germans, with their
usual technical cummings, developed a naval Of
tense and defense mine which could be used either
in q fixed position or be planted hastily in water
traversed by enemy shipping This mine is the
type which has done such destructive work and is
designed to be fired by electric battery placed
inside of the mine, this battery being inactive
til the mine has been submerged and then struck
by passing craft.
A development of the contact mine which the
Germans have at times employed successfully is
surmounted by a dummy decoy periscope.
The object of this is to invite ramming on
the part of q patrOlng vessel even mer-
chairman when the deceived navigator believes
that the chance is good for sending a U-boat to
the bottom. OF course vessel attempting to
that dummy periscope is sure TO strike the
tact mine and it to explode, the result being
disastrous to the ramming craft
This lure has not worked well Iatterly be-
cause the observer is able in a few moments to
establish the fact that the perscope is stationary
and the work of getting the underlying mine out
OF the way is left TO the fairly safe process or
sweeping-trawlerS linked together by loop Of
wire rope doing the work.
In order TO deal with both the submarine tor
British admiralty has had recourse to defense
nets of a novel character. These have been very
we'll described by Rear Admiral William S. Sims
According to this authority:
Eve did not find out for long time what those
nets are like and I think it is necessary that It
should be understood in order to realize the great
danger submarines run in the presence of light
surface craft.
1.-The net is a very light one, made Of little wire
rope, probably not big lead pencil, prob
ably not more than quarter of inch in diane
ter. The meshes of the net II TO 10 feet
square. On top of this net are floats and on the
bottom little weights.
1.-The moment this acknowledgements to the
submarine commander, of course-is in the water
in front of him, the floats keep the net the
surface and the weights keep the bottom down.
and if he into it his bow goes into Of
the meshes and the net falls back around him.
and it may foul his propeller may not
1.-The net is 300 400 yards long, and the
submarine proceeds the floats win trail the
surface, so that if he dives deeper he leaves
these the surface and his trail is plain and there
is difficulty then in capturing him. He knows
when he runs into net that his capture is prac-
tically certain If he goes down 200 feet the
floats of the net still on the surface"
These nets are used in two ways, either passive
" at chosen points in guarded waters or they
dropped overheard by patroI1ing vessels that dis
cover submerged submarine in motion. 1t is q
fact that even though a submarine be running
totally submerged 20 or 80 feet down, it still
a disturbance at the surface not a wake
in the usual sense of the term. but type OF
wave which is easily distinguished from the regu-
lar surface waves, and this phenomenon is readily
discernible from the bridge Of a ship from
hydrOplane.
To return to the submarine mine. We have
far considered only that so-caIled offensive type
which can be anchored in fairly smooth waters,
such as prevail extensively in the North sea, but
now let US take up that kind which can be dropped
overheard in much deeper water. This sort is
capable of being planted from a speedy ship
seemingly bent upon escaping from her pursuers,
and her strategy consists in inviting chase while
dropping these stumbling blocks right in the path
of her oncoming enemies
Generally the ship hitting weapons of this sort
does so bow on and that part OF vessel is the
least vital section 4 craft may have her bow
blown off and yet be able TO make a haven, and
besides the damage may be susceptible Of speedy
repair. Our mines. the other hand, have de-
1ayed action, and after being hit by the stem
OF craft roll sternward in contact with her bot
tom for some distance before they explode. In
this way the blow, when the mine does burst
strikes some vital area and the damage is we'll
nigh certain to be fataI--New York Sun.