davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
PERSONALS

Miss Anna M. Wolfe, who has been
In Rockford during the summer visit
ing with her brother, John Wolfe, is
in Keokuk for q visit with her parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. c. H. Wolfe. She will
teach in the University Of Iowa this
year in the physical education depart
ment. Miss Wolfe graduated last sum-
mer from the Chicago normal school
of physical education.
Miss Fannie Walsh of Cincinnati,
Ohio, left this morning for her home
after a two weeks visit with Miss
Anna Knight.
Mayor Henry Trump Of Donnellson
was in the city today.
Bernard Davidson arrived last night
from San Antonio, Texas, where he
has been employed by Stone & Web
ster during the summer. He leaves
tomorrow morning for Champaign to
resume his studies in the University
Of Illinois.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hazen I. Sawyer have
returned from Saratoga Springs,
where they attended a meeting Of the
American Bar association. They
visited New York and other places Of
interest while in the east.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chester Schouten and
family have returned from Whine.
bago MIMI, where they visited with
relatives.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. e. Buck, Mrs. H.
Buck and Miss Elsie Buck have re-
turned after a months visit at Har-
Dor Springs, Mich.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
Haze You Put Any,
thing in the Blue
Box Today?

Of course you know what
the blue boxes are. If you
are ever down town, you
can't miss seeing them, un-
less you avert your eyes.
What you put in the box
helps keep a soldier warm
for in these days wool is
money, and the contents Of
the blue box is for yarn to
make knitted articles tor
the soldier.
It is hard for the human
race to emulate the notori-
GUS ant; it is hard to think
Of winter when we re hot.
But doesn't this chill wind
that has been wing
through your SUNNI, r
clothes remind you that
there really are times ON
ing when wool will feel
pretty comfortable? When
Sammy is assigned to a
post for many hours with a
periscope and has to j.ist
stand and watch, wool socks
and sweaters would help
some. To borrow from his
vocabulary, we just "gotta'
make them for him.
It wouldn't be a bad habit
to put something regularly
in the blue box. If you give
only a little, well-it will
help a little; and surely you
want to do that.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
COAL PANIC
is NOW ON
Industry In Utter Confusion With
Operators Asking Higher Price
Than That
Fixed.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.]
WASHINGTON. Sept 11.--'Utter
confusion 1t is officially stated, ex-
lists in the coal industry today.
Threatened with shut-d down Of manu-
featuring plants and public utilities,
facing famine this winter in many Sec
lions of the country. Coal Admins
traitor Garfield wrestled with the fol-
lowing difficulties:
Two hundred coal operators asking
increases over the presidents maxi
mum prices.
A committee from the United Mine
workers, headed by John P. White,
asking wage increases for the six
hundred thousand union and non-union
bituminous miners.
Italy, South America and Canada
demanding enormous amounts of coal
to keep Industries going.
American munition plants and the
navy requiring unheard Of coal sup
plies.
Thousands Of individual manufacture
ers and towns telegraphing for relief
from threatened shortage.
Whole Observation-Disclosures rub
Der, glass and misunderstanding shut
down from lack Of coal, throwing thou
sands out Of work.
Miners in many sections working
only half and two-thirds of full time
because Of car shortage.
THE railroads of the country have
broken down; the war and the coun-
trys new needs have outgrown them,'
said President White, Of the Miners
union.
Garfield, however, refuses to be
stampeded
The coal panic has been stimulat-
ed in part. kilograms arriving here
indicate that industries have been cir
cularized to send complaints.
Garfield intends to announce with
in a few days his plan for a coal con-
ltroler In each state and a citizens
coal committee in every community.
to survey the situation and recon-
m end maximum retail prices.
If mines and wholesalers refuse to
aid the domestic consumer the fuel
administrator will take steps to force
this relief, it is officially stated.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
Sergeant Russell, on Behalf of Off,
GERS and Men, Nails Story Going
Rounds That Men Are
Disciplined.
AN OFFICIAL STATEMENT
Some One Started Rumor Hero That
Three Men Were Sent to IeAv-
enworth-Some Word From
the Camp.

Rumors that have been In circula-
ton in Keokuk regarding the dicip-
line of some Of the local guardsmen
are without foundation, according to
the following from Sergeant Russell
OF Company L to The Gate City:
CAMP DODGE, Iowa. Sept $40
the Editor of The Gate City, Dear Sir:
BY request Of the company and OFF,
GERS, would like to have this letter
published for the benefit Of the Keo-
kuk people. We understand there has
been rumor In circulation Of several
boys being sent to Leavenworth peni-
Tertiary which has no foundation at
all. Our company Of seventy-six en-
listed men and three officers is one of
the best disciplined companies here in
camp. Felix e. Roberts, William ].
Sherwin and Joe Smiddy have been
transferred to the supply company.
Lieutenant Moore left yesterday on a
several day furlough accompanied by
our little mascot Sergeant Timothy
boyle who has been visiting the COM
pany for week. First Sergeant John
w. Wharton left this morning on
forty-eight hour furlough. Sergeant
Francis D. Ward has been made mess
sergeant. relieving Sergeant Clifford
Patterson, who has taken charge OF
the first Iowa canteen. Sergeant
Charles L. Harris has been made sup
ply sergeant, relieving Sergeant A. l..
Jones. We have had several Keokuk
visitors but would like to welcome
several more. We are camped on the
side Of hill here which gives US
very pretty view Of the barracks. We
expect to move into the barracks In q
couple Of weeks. Several Of the Keo-
kuk boys who were on the first draft
were up to see us as soon as they ar
rived and we dressed a few Of them
up. They are receiving some Of their
equipment today. We have had quite
a bit OF rain and cool weather, also
Cook Leo BRASIL arrived yesterday
and was welcomed. We put eighteen
men day on guard besides quite a
bit of detail work, so we do not do any
drilling. We are having very good
meals UP here. We have not sick
man in camp so that ought to speak
pretty well for us.
LAS this is all the news for this
time, I will close thanking you very
much. With best wishes from the
company and officers, am,
Respectfully yours,
"SERGEANT. RUSSELL"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

opportunity to pursue their quest for
vulnerable stocks. They found them
in General Motors, which sold down
below 80, a. decrease Of some seven
points; Pullman, the tire and rubber
issues and others among the special
ties.
Strength underlay the steel and
copper groups. The tobacco issues
were in good demand and Cuba Cane
Sugar had intervals Of buoyancy.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
Lawyers Unique Error.

San Francisco Argonaut: The
lovely lady consulted the popular
attorney in regard to getting a d.
vorce. She was particularly inter
ested in knowing how much It would
cost. After looking over the case.
the lawyer said: This is compare
lively easy. I can get you a divorce
without any publicity whatever for
$500" She looked at him haughtily.
Il have plenty Of money" she said.
How much will 1t cost with plenty
Of publicity and everything?" He
saw that she was person who
wanted things done right, so he
hastily revised his figures.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
Dav Of Reckoning.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service1
WASHINGTON, Sept. IA day
Of reckoning when there are no long
err any war profits and the ordinary
tax payer must pay for the war, was
predicted by Senator Johnson, Cali
fornia, in a statement today. explain
ing his vote on the revenue bill.
War profits which demonstrate
the fallacy of the arguments of the
timid senator's" Johnson said, "were
900 percent profits Of the Dupont
Powder company"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
Bankers Convention.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service1
CHICAGO, Sept. 11.-Delegates to
the annual convention of the Ameri-
can Institute Of Banking predicted to-
day that the practice of young women
filling the places of bank clerks enter
ing military service, would result in
removing the traditional barriers
which have kept women from mem
bership in the organization.
Because Of the war only about $50
delegates are here.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
1eleara pliers on Strike.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service
TRENTON, N. j., Sept. IA gen
eral strike that will tie UP the Penn
sylvania railway unless the company
yields to the demands Of the Trenton
division telegraph operators was
threatened today.
Trafnmen called conference with
the telegraphers this afternoon to
consider Joining their strike. Engi-
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

with a submarine on January IT..
Then she was stopped fifty miles
west Of Fastnet by U boat shells. The
commanding officers OF the submarine
boarded her and threatened to sink
her because she carried a contrabaud
cargo. oil. He relented, however,
after the Westwego's captain agreed
to his demands for three barrels of
lubricating oil.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
German Official Report.

BERLIN. Sept. II. (Via London.)-
Numerous encounters between Ger
man advance forces and vanguards OF
the Russians between the Baltic and
the Dvina were reported in today's
official statement A number OF
prisoners we're taken.
On the west front, the war Office
said fresh fighting had occurred at
Villaret early this morning, which
resulted in favor Of the German
forces
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
Bio Loan to Italy.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Servicel
WASHINGTON, Sept. 11-Secre-
tary McAdoo today announced ad-
vancement of S55,000.O0O credit to
Italy, making total advanced to the
allies to date Of 1891, 100000.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
BATTLE
FIELD IS
I LIVELY
Local Fighting and Hostile ArJ
tillery Fire Reported
by Marshal
Haig.
TAKE FEW PRISONERS
Germany Reports Encounters With
Russians and Fresh Fighting
on the Western
Front.
TAKE FEW PRISONERS

limited Press Leased Wire Serviee.l
LONDON, Sept 11.-Local fighting
around Hargicourt and hostile artil-
lery fire around Ypres was all Field
Marshal Haig had to report today.
Southeast of Hargicourt, In the
neighborhood of Villaret, few were
taken prison in local fighting" he
said. east of Ypres there was
hostile artillery fire early at night"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
Berkman In Court.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service
NEW YORK, Sept. 11.-Alexander
Berkman, anarchist, was arraigned to
day in Tombs court on a charge OF
murder in connection with the prepar
edness parade bomb throwing In San
Francisco last year in which seven
PERSONS died. Berkman asked for de-
lay until tomorrow. 1t was granted.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

9nited Press Leased Wire Service
WASHINGTON, Sept. II. = The
[estwego, owned by the Union Pc
Pleum Steamship company, OF Phil
Felphia, had previous experience
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
A Day OF Recovery,

A Day Of Recovery.
B. L. T. in the Chicago Tribune:
One usually gets something to eat
on Sunday, so why not make Monday
a meatless day? It's not much Of
day, anyhow.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

WANTED-Men at Purity Oats COM
pany, Davenport. Good wages to
steady men. Inquire at Purity Oats
here. st.. ~'ssE
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

LOsT-Auto license late No. 25s7TT
on Sunday, Sept 8, between Kee'
kuk and Montrose on river road
Finder please notify or return TO
Standard Four Tire co.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
He'll Earn II.

Washington Star: The man who
gets the next Nobel peace prize will
deserve it.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

WANTED-Girls and women Tor
steady employment at 1rwin-Fhil'
lips Co. garment factory.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

FOR SALEIOne parlor set of three
mahogany rockers and one mahog-
any center table, one Round Oak
heating stove VIII sacrifice on &C
count leaving city. Call at 42o North
Ninth street
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

WANTED-A good reliable woman
for general Homework and help
with care Of babies. Phone 1905.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

WANTED-To exchange good i'm.
proved or unim2roved land, taking
Keokuk business or dwelling prop
erty as part pay, giving terms to suit
on balance Of purchase price. Mas
den Land Company. Fort Madison,
Iowa.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

FOR SALD-One single barrel shot
gun, 36-inch barrel, II gauge; one
hand made violin and one concert
guitar. Will sell these at bargain;
leaving city Call at 420 North Ninth
street
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

WANTED At once. 10000 dull
safety razor blades to sharpen at
Woodbury's. 1104 Main street.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

FOR SALEHOne solid black walnut
bedroom set, book case. bed, daven-
port and other household goods. In
ouire 200 North Sixth street.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

GooD-BY.
The days are growing colder, low
rolls the circhng sun
A chilly breeze sweeps from the
seas; the summers almost
gone:
Our training days are passing and
parting eve draws nigh
When we must say to Iowa. fatr
western belle. goodbye
How oft, when toll was over have |
roamed Ger hill and plain.
Thru thy forests, vast and verdan1
thru fields Of waving grain,
Till my heart was filled with music
and my raptured soul did swell,
But ah, no more. my roamings Ger;
farewell, green fields. farewell.
Some day the war will finish. some
day the struggle cease,
Some day liberated world Will rest
in sweetest peace;
But peace must come thru victory
and volunteers must die;
For this we go to face the foe, SO
Iowa, good-by.
". H. Hubert In Des Moines Regis
ter, Fort Des Moines, Co. z.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
CLASSIFIED COLUMN

FOR RENT-Six room house, 1909
Reid street, on car line. near
cereal works. Enquire 1909 Reid.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

WANTED-To loan money on furni
ture. pianos, 1.-Two stock. etc. on easy
payments. Strictly private. Phone
963. Keokuk Loan Co. Over Miller
shoe store.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

WANTED-Woman to do housework.
Mrs. Tallarioo, 2Q5 Main st.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

FOR sALB-Red Chaff Oregon seed
wheat. Address M. F. Dumen1l,
Argyle. Iowa
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
roR GALE

FOR SALE-Complete storage bat
terry charging outfit, cheap if taken
at once Address Charging Outfit.
Gate City.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

FOR RENT-Six room house, TWEEN
ty-first and Exchange streets. In
quire Merriam's hardware store.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

WANTED-Boys of 16 with bicycles.
Good pay; easy work. Western
Union Telegraph Co.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

.LOST-Runch Of keys near GaIland
or Sandusky and Summitville. Re-
turn to this office. Reward.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

FOR RENT-Furnished cottage, 512
South Seventh; also wanted. oil
heater. Phone 442-R-2.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
WANTED.

WANTED at once. Sell
bert's cigar factory.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

neers and firemen are considering
likewise
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

WANTED-Young man for office
work, with some experience.
Should be fair penman. Address
3D." care Gate City.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

Read Gate City want ads.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

WANTED and laborers
Montrose. Ia, good boarding house
at plant Burlington Quarry Co.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
Married In Blooming to n.

George W. Rollosson, son OF Mr..
nd Mrs. w. H. Rollosson Of this city,
as married in Bloomington, Illinois.
unday, August 5, to Hortense G..
eserve. daughter Of Mrs. Elizabeth
Meserve, OF that city. Mr.. Rol-
Psson is salesman for the Frank
Motor company at Bloomington.
lr. and Mrs. Rollosson spent Sunday
this city.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
FOR RENT.

FOR RENT-712 Morgan. 7-roomA. cas-
bath and furnace and garage, $22.
will be empty Sept. /. Present occupant
drafted. Apply H. Q. Duncan at Dun.
can-Schell Furniture.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
RIrthday surprIse Party.

Miss Marie Drueke was surprised
on her sixteenth birthday anniversary
by company Of boys and girls. The
evening was spent in games, after
which refreshment were served.
Those present were Misses Laura
Redden, Mable Moander, Melva Krich-
|el, Hazel Moander, Mabel Krichel,
|Tillie Drueke, Eta Krichel, Messrs.
Floyd Krichel, Everett Redden, Philip
5Weirather. Edward Azinger, Raymond
EanAusdall. Miron Davis and Leo
Droe.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11
Standard Bearers Meet.

The Standard Bearers OF Trinity
Church held their monthly business
heeting Monday evening in the
hurch parlors. and elected the fol
owing officers for the ensuing year:
Supervisor. Mrs. G. NJ. Teeters.
President, Verna B. Larsen.
Vice president, Jennie L. Brown.
Recording secretary, Gladys M.
Englehart.
Treasurer, Gladys @. Guiss.
Corresponding secretary, Fern w
Woods
After the business hour, refresh.
ents were served by the Misses
essie and Ruth Hartley
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

FOR RENT-Four room house. az
North Ninth street, $11.50. A. NJ
Wyllie.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-09-11

FOR RENT-Garage, 1909 Johnson
street.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-10-23
WAR RELIEF SINGERS TO
GIVE CONCERT TOMORROW
Male Voices Will Be Heard for First
Time in Behalf Of Ameri-
can Red Cross.

The first public appearance Of the
War Relief Singers Club, organized
by male singers of the city. who are
of war sufferers. is to be made tomor-
row evening al S:15, when a concert
will be given at Rauscher's. The pro-
ceeds of the concert will go to the
American Red Cross.
f. de Cartier de Marchienne. minis
ter of Belgium, is the principal patron
Among those expected to be present
are the ambassador Of Japan. Aimaro
Sato; Countess Macchi di Cellere. wife
of the ambassador of Italy; Comte de
Sartiges. third secretary of the French
embassy: Nine. de Cespedes, wife of
the minister of Cuba; DR.. Don Bell
sario Parras of Panama. Mrs. Carlos
Adolfo Vrueta of Columbia. DR.. AL
fonso Delsado of Columbia; Gen.
lie Clerge of Belgium. Mrs. Edward
Douglas White and Miss Mabel Board
man.
r. Mills Silby of London is the d.
rector of the club. and George II. Will
son the accompanist. Among those
who are scheduled to take part in the
program are Edward H. Mealy. W: r.
Couran, ]. f. Knight. J. D. Cunning,
J. T. Duggan, w 7. Matson, F. Ed
ward Boyer. Ralph A. Cozzens. Edwin
Callow. A. y. Gardner. NJ c. White.
A. Z. Ashton, II. l.. Duncan. G. H. Will
liams. w. H Galbraith, H. ]. Jeffries
and A. c. wilkins.
Special numbers on the program in
clude Belgium Forever" by Mrs. Law
renee Townsend, words by her daugh-
ter, Miss Yvonne Townsend, and Let
the Flag Wave" words by Clinton
Scollard and music by r. Mills Silby.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-10-23
SOLDIERS NEED TYPEWRITERS.
Company I. 302d stevedore Regi-
ment. Makes Appeal.

Here's something else you can give
the seldiers-a secondhand but serv-
1ceabIe typewriter.
While tobacco, socks, sweaters, books,
Chocolates, comfort kits and even lib
Arty bonds are coming in steadily.
request has been received from officers
of Company !, 3q2d Stevedore Regi-
nent, now stationed at Newport News.
Va, for anything with keys on it that
will write letters.
Each company needs a typewriter
and some stationery" writes one Of
the officers Of Company ]. but we will
take care Of the stationery. The officers
of the regiment are devoting pretty
much all of their pay to the cause, and
have resolved to ask some of their
friends to help, too. There is no glory
for anybody in these steyedore regt-
ments. The men come in for two or
three years Of very hard work with no
chance Of getting any medals pinned
on them. The officers viii share the
same routine of work. but we are being
cheerful Stout it."
The steveGore regiments are attached
to the Quartermaster Corps, and a
number Of troops in that service viii
be sent to France
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-10-23
FOR entertainment OF
NATIONAL w. C. 7. U.
Plans to Be Made at Annual District
Convention Tomorrow
and Thursday.

Plans for the entertainment of the
national w. C. T. U. convention, to be
held at Polls Theater December to Z,
are to be completed at the forty-third
annual convention of the w. c. T. U. of
the District, to be held tomorrow and
Thursday at the Mount Vernon NJ. E.
Church, Mount Vernon place and 9Th
street northwest
The convention will be called to order
tomorrow morning at 10 o'clock by
Mrs. Emma Sanford Shelton. Reports
on various features of the local work in
temperance will be given. A report on
the recreation room for soldiers and
sailors In Washington will be made by
Mrs. Shelton. president of the local w.
c. T. U.
Miss Mabel Boardman is expected to
address the convention tomorrow after
noon at 2:20 o'clock.
Thursday afternoons session Is to be
featured by an address on Prohibition
and Other Moral Reforms Undertaken
by the Present Administration in Mexi-
CO." to be delivered either by the Mexi-
can ambassador or his representative.