davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16
u TITH the declaration of war against
~ Austria-Hungary by the United

d" TITH the declaration OF war against
NJ Austria-Hungary by the United
States approximately 100000
more persons were added to the list Of
technical enemy aliens in this country. OF
tins number If is safe TO estimate that at
least 100000 are male adults
But the status of the AustIo-HuDgarian
ene1ny alien is so different from that Of the
German enemy alien that the government
finds itself in quite z predicament as TO
Just how 1t should handle the new problem.
The subjects Of the Dual Monarchy repre-
seht so great a variety OF political senti-
ments- national aims and allegiances that
It cannot be said that all Of them are enc
mics of the United States Many Of them,
particularly the Hungarians, appear to be
pro-Any. II anything, seeming TO realize
that a German virtory VIII only serve TO
inereasc the yassalage Of their state 10 the
HoheuzoIerns-
The President solved the problem, at
least tentatively. IN his proclamation
announcing the declaration Of war. lie
specified that unnaturalized Austro-Hun-
garians shall be free TO live and travel
anywhere, except that they may not enter
or leave the country without permission.
They need not register, and are not to be
excluded from the barred zones" about
the waterfront OF warehouses, etc, so
long as they remain peaceful and observe
the laws But any among them who are
suspected Of enemy activity or plotting
win be interned- The proclamation
directed that so long as they shall con-
duct themselves in accordance with law
they shall be uudisturbed in the peaceful
pursuit OF their lives and occupation and
be accorded the consideration due TO all
peaceful and law-abidinG persons, except
so far as restrictions may be necessary
for their own protection and for the
safety OF the United States; and toward
such Of said persons as conduct them
selves in accordance with law all citizens
OF the United States are enjoined 20 pre-
serve the peace and 20 treat them with all
such friendliness as may be compatible
with loyalty and allegiance 10 the United
Stsfes"
This treatment Of technical enemy citi-
zens IS probably without any parallel in
the history OF wars IL was based partly
on the belief that most Of them arc an
fact not in sympathy with the enemy, and
partly because their labor is needed, espe-
ciaily in the coal mines, steel works and
nunition plants. Many Of the highly
skilled workInen, for instance, at the
Frankford Arsenal are subjects Of Aus
tTia-
Immigration figures show that a large
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16

Only recently this fact drew the serious
attention of Senator Stone, Of the Foreign
Relations Committee, and also members of
the War Department. Under the laws Of
their country these technical enemy aliens
are subject to execution as traitors if capt
ured, because in fighting for the United
States they would be bearing arms against
their own country. Senator Stone has de-
clared that something should be done
quickly to relieve the situation, and the
government is considering a plan to imme-
diately naturalze all Austro- -Hungarians
now in the National Army, so that their
status as traitors to their country would be
removed.
"In times of peace" said Senator Stone,
there would be no doubt that we could
pass a law mentioning these men by name
and declaring them American citizens
without going through the customary for
malities. That would be the mere exercise
of the power of a government to make its
own naturalization laws. But / am not
sure that the passage of a bill covering the
whole class would do. This being a time
of war, there is a very nice question pre-
sented. / do not know whether Austria
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16
A Teuton Master Mind

Professor Wegener follows up his de.
scription in the Cologne Gazette" Of Gen.
eral Sixt Won Arnim with description Of
his chief Of staff, General Won Lossberg
It appears that Won Lossberg is regarded
as the master brain Of the German d..
fence in the West; it remains TO be seen
whether he is held responsible for the
latest German defeat.
According to Professor Wagner, yon
Lossburg, who was promoted to the rank
of colonel in July, 1915, was selected at
the most critical moment Of the French
offensive in Champagne, toward the end
Of September, 1915, 20 be chief Of The
General staff Of the Third Army. 0wing
to the reputation he then made he was
given a similar task at the beginning Of
the Battle of the Somme, being appointed
chief of the General staff Of the Second
Army. July 2, 1916. When the Battle Of
Arras began last April, Won Lossberg was
again called upon, and was made chief
of the General staff Of the German Army
which bore the brunt Of the British at
tack. After the Battle ot Arras he was
transferred to the General staff Of the
Fourth Army. After the British attack
Of July 81, Won Lossberg was specially
promoted TO the rank Of major general.
Professor Wegener describes the new
hero as a man Of extraordinary physical
endurance and energy, who himself says
that he has not had more than four hours
continuous sleep in any night since the
beginning Of the Battle OF Arrss.-
London Times.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16

against Austria Hungary for obvious reasons
material and moral. Turkey and Bulgaria
sre not IN tho same category, quite, We
cannot meet them at arms. and officially, as
a government, we pity rather than fear
them"
"The Boston Daily Globe also In
dorscs the exemption of Turkey and Bull
garia, for the present, IN the following
language:
Neither Turkey nor Bulgaria has shown
any disposition 20 court trouble with US. In
tbis ,bev arc unlike the Austrians, Since these
rstions have done us no active harm. II may
be- wise TO keep an anchor out 20 windward'
There Is always a possibility. especially in
the Balkans, that sides may be changed
On the other hand, "The Boston Even
ing Transcript considers it unfortunate
that America has not declared war on
both countries, writing:
oThcre is no treason that these wicked
mariners in a greater vickedness would not
DO 10 inJure our country. II ~ for US 10
sustain the war sgsnst them in every way
possible 20 us
OF a similar opinion Is Inc hahSAS
City Star" which writes:
"The United States will not be IN post
ton 70 exert its influence impartially In the
war council so long as it is not at war with
all the enemies Of its cause. It's attitude
will not be Straightforward, it will not be
able 10 act unreservedly ia the war, until 1t
includes Turkey snd Bulgaria with Austria
and Germany as the foes it IL fghting''
So far as the declaration against Aus
tria is concerned, it has been approved,
as already intimated, with singular un-
animity. The material investigated for the
present article has brought to light not a
single word of disapprOval. "The Spring
field Republican" after noting the fact
that the war resolution was passed unani-
mouslv in the Senate and with but one
negative vote in the House, was right in
remarking that 'this gratifying display
Of unity reflects the growing solidarity
Of the nation
Many of the papers emphasize the fact
that the war declaration only gives legal
expression to a state Of war that has
actually existed for months. 'The New
York Times calls attention to the gen.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16
The Open Road to Peace and
Progress
"Atldntic'.

4 S PART of the formula for peace" /"
- Courtenay dc Kalb, writing in the
current issue of "The Atlantic Magazine" "
would have careful consideration given to
trade restrictions-tariffs, schemes for
commercial war, and so forth, with view
to eliminating such artificial barriers.
For such he considers them. Part of the
scheme for a league to enforce peace would,
in his opinion, introduce the principle Of
natural trade by taking steps TO eliminate
the fostering devices on which national
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT depends. 1t might not be
possible TO reach every scheme for artifi-
cial trade development which will lift its
head, but the tariff can be stripped off
and the granting of ship subsidies and
Sounties. and all the cruder forms of in
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16

"The unbearable presumption which MARKS
President Wilson's messages reaches cll-
max in this strangest and most irresponsible
of war declarations. If President Wilson mas
an ear for words Of pride and honor ne may
learn from the speeches OF Count Andrassy'
Count Tisza and Count Czernin that the reIa-
tionship Of the allied Central Powers is
cutie other than yassalage. Free states ana
free-born peoples, they have never inquired
whether one did not give too much or the
other too little
On the other hand, Count Czernin, the
Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister, IS
represented to have said that, while the
speech is in many respects incomprehen-
sible and unclear 10 him, still it marks
step forward in the Presidents manner OF
thinking. Then he quotes the following
sentence from the Presidents address as
a case in point "We in no wise desire to
harm Austria Hungary, and it IS none OF
our affair to concern ourselves with in
stitutions and peoples"
Czcrnin then proceeds as follows:
"The President shows signs of making i'm
portant progress, which we must recognize
and which it is to our interest to nail down.
The right Of self-determination by a nation
is catch phrase given different interpre-
tations by various statesmen"
Then, after saying that the President,
in previous utterances, had put forth the
safeguarding of the rights of small states
and the liberation Of subject peoples from
foreign domination as his war aims, Ger
min notes that, in the address before Con-
gress, 'this protection for small nations
has receded into the background, to be
replaced by plans for the forcible sepa-
ration from the monarchy Of certain ma
tionalities, without granting the latter the
right Of self-determination Of their fu-
ture."
/ 1t is gratifying to note that Czernln
in these remarks also again gave strong
utterance to his conviction that some form
of disarmament must be adopted by the
nations after this war. On that point, at
least, he is at one with President Wilson.
An interesting statement comes also
from NJ. RadosIavof, the Prime Minister
of Bulgaria, who confesses that the Presi-
dents address made a strange impress
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16

sbamelessness which only an Anglo
American could have achieved Noting
that the President again toys with MS
old theme Of separating the German peo-
ple and their government" the editor says
that. in view of the reception which this
idea met with in Germany when Wilson
put It into his reply to the Pope, 1t re-
nuires the courage Of shamelessness" TO
renew il. He further remarks "The Ger
man people would have to be deserted by
God if they did otherwise than ridcule
Wilson's ideas"
Even the radical "Berliner Tageblatt,"
which itself has long been a strong advo-
cate Of democratic reforms in Germany,
does not want the Presidents help in
bringing them about; it writes: ut goes
without saying that all Germany is united
against the extravaganza that speaks in
Wilson's new proclamation" This paper
further refers to the "intransigcnt Ameri-
can war;" which it is sure will only pro
long the general conflict.
Inc NOSSlSCHe LelIuilS, 4lSO lduiNaii
sees a twofold aim In the Presidents 8
address: to disturb the negotiations. be
tween the Austro- Germans and Russians
and to entice Austria Hungary to desert
Germany.
The supernatural and pan-German
"Tapliche Rundschau" delivers this view:
"Wilson's phrases will not shake US,
neither will our enemies desire to bleed
to death until Wilson considers the time
has come to establish his world-rule of
justice
In strong contrast TO these views may
be mentioned an utterance of Herr Strobel
in the Prussan Diet, bearing on one of
the Presidents chief contentious. Strobel
who is an Independent Socialist, squarely
recognized that "foreign countries have a
right to demand democratic guarantees
from Germany"
From Austria Hungary the following ut
terance of the important "Posther Lloyd
has been cabled here. After saying that
it "is a falsehood and an insult to assert
that Austria Hungary is vassal Of Ger
many" the paper goes on thus:
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16
NVIhere the Enemy. Alien Problem
w Will Be Most Puzzling

1t is in the coal and iron districts that
the declaration of war against Austria
Hungary will be most felt, according TO
"The st. Louis Republic" which writes;
"At the present time this country is veo
close to a menacing shortage in pig IRON
Men cannot be had TO furnish the coke, 20
load it on the cars for transportation to tne
furnaces. In the Connellsville district a. the
beginning of the war labor used 10 load ean
was paid Sl.75 day. These men are now be-
ing paid S4.75 day and yet it IS impossible
70 keep them, as the rolling mills will gVs
them $S a day. IL is in the coal and iron
industries that the effect OF the AUSTEN
break will be felt most. Plants in many paris
of the country viii be seriously crippled by
this action
"Some way must be found to utilize tbs
labor. For the most part, these new enemy
aliens will prove law-abiding. Work must be
given them in industries not Immediately en-
gagged IN war material fabrication. fortu'
rately, many thousands Of these Austrisns
have recently taken out their naturalizatlon
papers. There are tens of thousands Of other
citizens Of the Dual Monarchy who oher
harder problem. These must feed and loos
after themselves under due restrictions. TheH
labor must not be lost TO the country IN
period of shortage that win daily grow more
acute"
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16

eral moral grounds that we had for the
declaration, and then adds:
"And we have also had for months tech
meal case on which 20 break of friendly re
Istions The government Mt Vienna plainly
irdorsed the principle of indiscriminste
U-boat warfare on merchant vessels
whether neutral or enemy
"The Columbia (S. CO. State writes;
"We are now at war with Austria. We
can now fight IN the open skulking foe
that has been fghting US by underhanded'
secret, mysterious and lawless methods for
more than a year"
"Tho Brooklyn Daily Eagle deplores
the Sentimental pity for Austrla-Hun-
gary as a satellite of Germany which
has existed in this country and England,
and writes further that our declaration
els more than a formal and technical
recognition of the Dual Empires close
alliance with our chief enemy. 1t is a
recognition Of the fact, too seldom re-
called now, that however great may be
the responsibility Of Germany for begin
ming the war, it was Austria-Hungary
that furnished Germany with the excuse
for plunging the whole world into hostili-
ties"
That Austria, while "pained" at the
American declaration, has long been
dreaming Of peace, is further shown by
Austrian views Of the Paris conference,
from which the Central Powers apparently
received little satisfaction. The Vienna
"Neue Freie Presse" alleges, says a dis
patch to "The New York Times that
Colonel House went 20 the Paris confer
ence "to revise and considerably limit the
Entente's peace conditions of which,
of course, would benefit Austria. The
"Presse" also is responsible for the state
ment that Lloyd George
announced that millions of American sol
diers. a great aggregate of tonnage. and mil
lions of dollars would be expected, and asked
Colonel House when the troops would arrive
in Flanders, to which the latter replied that
Americas role was not to replace Russia
From this answer, the 'Neue Freie Presse'
asserts. it will be known whether the Paris
conferences are really to be war conferences
or will end in peace conference for the
Entente
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16
Learning French, Billy Sunday
Style
"Century'

~ UTE as good a picture OF life with
7 J the American contingent III
" France as has appeared any
where is that of Herbert Adams Gibbons
in the December issue Of "Thc Century
Magazine" The account is peculiarly
vivid and concrete and unusually free
from anything except the idea of present
ing things as they generally are, allow
ances being made for the censor. The
picture of the French lesson before bed
time is fascinating example:
ave were told that the typical football
player on "A platform in the centre of the
tent WAS continuing a course OF instruction
begun on the voyage over. What he rad
done for Spanish on the Mexican frontier
last year he was now doing for French,
making I n popular study and getting his
pupils 10 speak out from the very start.
Speak ost2 Well, il you had been within
a mile OF them you would have known that
they were speaking out.
"Thc teacher had a blackboard, piece OF
chalk. a pair of arms and voice that never
tagged On the blackboard he wrote the SEN
tenee 70 be learned, translated II literally,
word for word and then as whole. Next he
pronounced each word. He-shook-his fist tow
ard the class, and they gave him back his
word with a will. Now he was ready for
the sentence in French. For this both arms
were needed. and the sentence became a
college yell. find | have to illustrate 70
explain.
"Here, fellows, VIC have Je ne Ie COM
prcnds pds-I not il understand step. All
French negatives are formed Of ne before
aud pas after the verb. | have told you
that a hundred times, but 1 want you to
get it right down TO the very bottom OF
your think boxes The pas is for emphasis
You see. the French make no mistake about
Il when they say NO The Germans are
on 20 that little trick of the French, aren't
they fellows? Now, every one of you men
get into this. Jo 'cchol re echo ie Iecho
com echo prepds 'echol compreud,
growing thunder. pas THE lightning
strikey All together, boys. after me, just
like trsl Let me say 1t FIRST and then
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16
The Problem of the Sweet Tooth
"Tke Forecast

y ANDES that will satisfy can be
~ made without using so much sugar
in the opinion Of Grace +. Frysinger
writing in the December issue Of "The
Forecast magazine devoted entirely to
the food question incidentally, sugar
that will help win the war can be saved
by giving ones children sweets that are
not made from cane or beet sugar. For
example
an America we eat double the amount Of
sugar per capita OF any country, yet we
eat far less than the people OF other coun-
tries of dried fruits. honey and molasses,
which contain sugar in such wholesome form
that acid stomach never results from It..
In the United States we spend annually $780,
600 900 for confectionery and sweet drinks
and desserts which means serious danger
10 our digestive tract II, therefore this
dreadful war is the means of our introduc-
ing into our diet sweets of more whole
some character We may improve our health,
cid our pocketbook and above all else, show
our loyalty in thus conserving the sugar
with which we formerly gorged ourselves.
"Growing children. radiating much heat
from their bodies in their constant exercising,
naturally crave sweets. and sugar should be
given them In the form Of honey, molasses
and the dried fruits, such as figs, dates,
prunes or rsisins. The less they have Of
cane or beet sugar the better. Maple sugar
or maple syrup. although as readily absorbed
as cane or beet sugar, is distinctly an Ameri-
can product. and is a. once wholesome and
delicious. Corn syrup, another American
rroduct, may easily be substituted for cane
sugar in making many candies"
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16
Putting Over the Purchase"
Suggestion
"AmcricdB Magazine

=
THE american Magazine" which nl-
Il ways devotes some space TO very
practical and interesting things about
ones material welfare, in its December
issue lets Louis X. Liggett, one of the
greatest retail merchants in the world,
tell some of the things that retailers know
about people who buy. Mr.. Liggett main
tans that there is no deep psychology
about finding out what people like 1t is
Just plain common sense-and observa-
tion. Some Of his comment on the matter
of clerks suggesting further purchases
to buyer follows;
"Our clerks are instructed 10 make tact
ful suggestions about other articles tho
customer might need, but we are careful not
20 make this offensive II is not difficult 20
tell which customers will welcome sugges-
tions and which will not. When a woman
walks up 90 the counter ard states in an
authoritative tone thht she wishes 10 buy Il
hair brush, and has the air of knowing
exactly what she wants, we know that u
may irritate her If we make any sugges-
tions. But, on the other hand, there Is the
customer who is not certain about what she
needs, and suggestions will actually be a
favor 20 her. Not long ago friend Of mine
went into sporting goods store TO buy
some fishing equipment He had never
been fishing before and hadn't the remotest
idea what he ought to buy. So the clerk
entered into the spirit Of the occasion and
told hin. And my friend was mighty glad
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16
,e Break With Austra-Another Stride lntohe Great Wa

sion on him" Here are his most pre,.
nant utterances:
1--WE never were and cannot he instr,.
ments or vassals Of Germany. The super.
fluous proof Of this is TO be found in our
unbroken relations with the United State,
President Wilson probably desired
to bring about coolness or discord between
our allies and US. He makes big mistake
if he thinks he viii be able to accomplish
that aim"
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16

many and Austria, it is well worth not
ing what has been said about it in those
countries. This week the cables have
brought over some expressions from the
newspapers of Austria and Germany. All
these outgivings are unfavorable.
As Count Hertling, the leading Catholic
statesman of Germany, has just become
Chancellor, it is of prime Importance TO
note what is said by the Catholic "Koln-
ische -Zeitung," which, it should
be borne in mind, has ever been rabidly
anti-American. This paper finds in the
address evidences of unprecedented
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16
Leading Articles in the Current Magazines

dustrial parentalism. This would at least
90 far toward the organization Of the sis
terhood of nations on the true competition
basis of relative inherent skill, knowledge
and ability. In that direction lies the open
road to peace and progress. The world
may not delude itself; it must take that
highway, or accept the principle of the
trade-war which goes hand in hand with
Mars"
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16
THE Problem Involves the
l American Training Camps

In nearly all the National Army canton
ments may be found many subjects of the
Dual Monarchy who have been selected in
the draft and nearly all of them are re-
ported to be indicating an entire willing
ness to continue in the service of America
and fight Loyalty for her ideals, which have
come to be theirs.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16

watch my arms and try to catch the mean
ing:
Je ne le cOmpreHds pas,
Je ne Ic comrendS pas,
Je ne le, je ne lc,
Comprends pas, conpends pas,
Je ne le cOmprendS pas,
Pas, pas, pas, pas, pas.
THAT means in good American, 81 don't
get you" but if you say it like that they'll
get you all right"
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16

would consider that we had relieved these
men of charge Of treason against her if
we passed such law after these men had
taken up arms against the Central Pow
ers." In fact, it is very knotty problem,
with ugly and puzzling angles.
Another obstacle is the growing objec-
ton of army commanders to having men
in the ranks whose loyalty is subject to
question. But some means, it is conf
dently felt, will be found to guard against
throwing out of the service thousands of
good and loyal soldiers.
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16
The American Press Urges
/ Wisdom and Leniency

The press of the country is also inclined
to treat the Austro- Hungarian enemy alien
with leniency and to recognize the danger
of unwise and hasty discrimination against
him. Thus in THE New York Herald" one
reads;
"The problem presented by the presence in
this country of many persons legally subject
to Austria Hungary is one that calls for sane
handling by Congress, by the executive branch
of the government, and by employers of labor.
Technically these persons became enemy
aliens upon the declaration of war against
New-York tribune., 1917-12-16
Enemy Press
On Wilson's
Message

A S MUCH of the Presidents recent
"a speech to Congress was, in fact,
N addressed to the people of Ger