davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

BY CHARLES M. PEPPER.

BY CHARLES M. PEPVIR.
0TALY's war loan from the United
Ill States was a most welcome one to
that country for several reasons.
q The principal reason was that Italy
needs the money to buy munitions, coal
and food in the United States. She has
been paying for supplies in this coun-
try, first. on her own credit and then
on the credit of the loans supplied to
her as an ally by the British govern
ment.
Italy is far from being rich coun
try. She has certain special products.
such as her wines and fruits, that are
sold abroad, and her manufacturing in
dustriex in some respects resemble
those of France in their fneness and
artistic qualities. Her electrical in
dustry is well advanced. and the tex
tile industry is the source of prosper
ity to several districts. but as a whole
Italy is not manufacturing country.
The lack of coal and iron and copper
is the drawback. Lacking coal and
iron, the country could not make her
own munitions The army and navy
have been supplied chiefly from abroad.
This was the situation even before Italy
entered into the war She was heavy
purchaser of armament and munitions
in the United States and maintained
special representative at Pittsburgh,
who supervised the purchases.
Though she remained neutral for
more than year, Italy from the begin
ming proceeded on the theory that ulti-
81 -t,a a
This was after she had taken the
ground that because the war was not
defensive one on the part OF Austria
and Germany she was not bound by
the triple alliance to join with them in
fighting England and France. This
meant ultimately that she would join
the entente allies. though the govern
Inent sought to maintain neutrality and
did maintain it until popular sentiment
became too strong and war was de-
ciared against Austria with the avowed
purpose of securing the territory which
years back had been lost to Italy.
Germany sought to hold Italy back
by securing from Austria an agreement
to restore part of the territory, but this
was to be done only after the war had
been concluded between the two groups.
Italy was wary of after-thewar prom
Uses, and, moreover, large portion of
the people were not satisfied with the
proposed concessions Of territory. They
wanted everything back that once had
been theirs.
Italy, however, at-the outset, limited
her declaration to war against Austria
and for nearly year she was not off,
cially at war with Germany. But this
was an impossible situation. and
finally came the official pronouncement
of war against Germany. as well as
against Austria. Germany, in the
meanwhile, had exerted enormous
financial power to prevent this dec
laration. In a military sense, possibly.
Il made little difference to Germany.
since a certain number of troops of the
central powers had to be maintained on
the Italian border. and the armies of
Austria there employed consequently
were kept out of the fighting on the
eastern front.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

tanned from abroad. and that means
coal from the United States: since Eng
land cannot furnish the fuel on account
of her own needs. Even before the
war began, the Italian navy was using
some American coal Italian railways
also were using it, while the Industrial
concerns were beginning to turn to-
ward it. These railways must keep
going and the industrial establishments
be done only by having American coal
to draw on. That is the explanation
of the statement that a part of the
s1oo,000,000 loan will be used to-buy
coal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

Wheat is another commodity which
will be purchased in the United States.
Italy has no large wheat area Of her
own In normal times she gets wheat
from Rumania and Russia through the
Mediterranean traffic, and from South
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1917-05-13

L., a ARMY must be ready to
Us A\ move when it is ordered
9\ to move. Tomorrow will
q ~ do 10 fortunate
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-04-17
The Long Pull

we must all speak, act and serve TO-
gether,' said President Wilson. in his adj
dress to his countrymcn. That IS the
literal truth. It is no mere cloqucnce 10
stir ones blood little and then be for
gotten. II is the everyday working
formula by which Americans, men, women
and children, must order their lives if they
are to survive this war ennobled, not en-
Uttered: wiser, not confused; stronger,
not dispirited.
War has been industrialized in the pres
ont great conflict. It has ceased to be an
adventure and has become "A job. 1t Is
conducted not by a small, charging line Of
fighting men. The whole nation fights
in the trenches. on the wheat fields, at the
foundry. wherever the material Of war
and existence is produced. Most Amcri-
cans have thought of warfare a some
thing comparable to the operations Of the
football field. where a handful Of picked
men did the work and the rest checred
from the grandstand. The sooner We re-
wise this tradition the better. Il would
constitute the gravcst Of dangers If held
to. We have the example Of Europe be
fore us. The facts are urmiStakablc. We
must "spcak, act and serve together or
we cannot enter the world war save as a
child among men.
1t is a long pull that we are thus asked
to face How many months or years Of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-04-17
4 Canadian Mother

To the Editor of The Tribune.
Sir: | have read in "The Manitoba Free
Press" your article, reproduced, well Done,
Canada" and one sentence of your article,
together with recent occurrence in Winni-
peg, was illuminating. 1--WE shall know later
at what price this achievement was accom-
plishcd. but no price will be too high" etc,
etc. Il was the last sentence my mind
dwct upon. as ! recall the spirit of a little
gray haired lady on the winnipeg railway
platform last Monday afternoon.
The 221st Battalion were entraininC. and a
little gray haired lady was observed weeping
quietly while talking to n young soldier. /
inquired Of a ,oldier. sergeant. standing
close. and was vouchsafcd the information
that she Wa, bidding her fourth son Eau
revoir" for the front. Three sons had pre-
coded him. one had made the supreme sacri-
fee the other two had been in the trenches
for eighteen months. and what news "Vimy'
may have hor fof her was not yet known. An
swcring my query, you are acquainted with
tho Lady "Oh. yes; my wife" Introduc
ton followed ] remarked. You must be
proud of your boys. madam p" "Ycs. I'm
sorry and proud Sorry for the necessity
and my own Joss. but proud that my boys
have proven such sriend.d men
can you wonder they perform miracles
with such mothers? And these mothers are
wide and dcep a. Canada. !. T.. cox.
Winnipeg. Canada April II. 1911
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-04-17
Service of the Nation
The Example of Lincoln and It's Moral
for Us To-day

TO the Editor OF Tho Tribune.
Sir: / quote from "A recent book los an
authoritative English publiclst Writing on
democracy and National Service:
"lu the great American civil W|r inc
southern States. which aimed at breaking
away from the Union. adopted CONSUMPTION
within a year from the beginning. They were
brave fighters; but they we're poor. and they
were iu small minority The Northern
States. confident IN their numbers and
wealth, relied at first upou the voluntary
system. II gave them great and gallant
armies; but these were not enough; and as
months went by President Lincoln realized
they were not enough
"Disregardng the cntrcaties Of his friends
90 beware of asking Of the people what the
people would never stand disregardng the
camors Of his enemies about personal free
dom, he insisted upon CONSUMPTION, behcy-
ng that by these means alone the Union
could be saved. \ section of the press
loaned with indignation; mobs yelled but
these mobs were not the American people.
They we're only a noisy and contemplate
minority Of the American people. whose i'm
portancc as well a courage had been vastly
oycrrated The quiet people were in deadly
earnest, and :hcy supported their President
But the task which Lincoln set himself
was one Of the hardest that a democratic
statesman ever undertook. The demand
which he determined to make, and did make,
may we'll have tried his heart as he sat alone
i'm the night watches For compulSiou was a
violation Of the habits and prejudIces of the
old American stock, while il was even more
distastcful to new immigrants. II was con
trary 20 the traditions and theories Of the
Republic, and as many thought, 10 its fun
damental principles Compulsion, therefore,
was great thing 20 ask Of the American
people But the American people arc "A
great people and they understood. Ard Lin
coin was a great man, one of the greatest.
roblest and most human i'm the whole Of
history. and he did not hesitate 10 ask, TO
insist. and 20 use force. What the end was
does not need 10 be stated here: except
merely this, that lingering and bloody
war was thereby greatly shortened, and that
. tho Union was saved
This is from Ordeal by Battle" by Fred
crick Scott oliver
Wilson is "A great man. lie viii not hest
tate 90 ask, TO insist and TO use force. The
American people are still a great people.
They will again support their President.
They know that universal service alone can
give them their own national security and
enable them TO cXer, their full strength to
shorten this lingering and bloody war Ma
tonal service in America can alone do this.
CHARLES BATES DANA.
New York. April -, 1917.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-04-17
Sing the National Anthem

t. the Editor Of The Tribune.
Sir: / attended show Of postoiice clerks
~ Prospect Hall the other night, and was
surprised ,as have been many tines at
tho lack Of enthusiasm displayed when the
national air was played. OF course. all
rose. but they mostly had bored look !
said: How can they keep from singing it ,"
II would make good men Of some and better
men Of all II at this time every one was asked
TO ioin in tho refrain. Il would make US all
proud 70 live in the land Of the free and the
home Of the brave +. A. WESTON.
Brooklyn, April -, 1917.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-04-17
Women in the Crisis

To the Editor of The Tribune
Sir: II is 20 be deeply regretted that an
Impression seems 10 have gone out that
women organizations have been thrown
into a political connection for the oppor.
tunity OF serving their country in a military
crisis. A. ono paper puts it: THE extent
TO which the services of the sufragists or
the ants will be ayailed OF will depend it is
presumed. upon the persuasiveness of the
representatives of the two elements"
1t is appalling that woman's service
should, even in the public press, resolve IT.
self into women defending themselves politi-
caly against other women. Women in the
present crisis must forget individual interest.
We are asking no reward. no political gain
for our organization for doing our duty We
are working "a women, for service under the
American flag.
MRS. ARTHUR W. HELEN p. FRANCIS.
Chairman. Military Census Committee New
York State Association Opposed 10 Woman
Suffrage.
New York, April Ia, 1917.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-04-17
No German Language Newspapers

To the Editor Of Tho Tribune.
Sir: Your attention is asked to q .ucgcs
ton pract. ,al or not according 90 tho point o.
Wow. and ono assumed 90 be authorized by
the War Department fer the District OF New
York and adjacent territory, and 90 read in
substance a. follows:
ITO tho publishers OF German language
newspapers and other periodicals.: You arc
hereby notified within thirty days from
the date Of TINS notice TO either suspend pub
LEGATION. or m lieu thereof TO substitute the
type Of English characters and the English
text 10 the complete exclusion Of the German
text for the entire period Of the war"
RICHARD COLLIER
New York, April l.. 1917.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-04-17
No Fireworks on the Fourth
Plotters Might Seize Opportunity
for Mischief
TO the Editor Of The Tribune.

To the Editor Of The Tribune
Sir: A noisy Fourth of July. with the in
discriminate use Of firearms allowed. might
result in the most serious consequences this
year. Plotters against the country may even
now be laying plans TO be put in execution
on the nations birthday against the great
munition plants which have been built up at
such tremendous effort and expense during
the past two years. IL is for the best vel
fare of the United States that gunpowder
and explosives Of all descriptions be kept
out Of the hands of the general public on
that account. The loss Of even one of the
big rifle works or ammunition factories at
this time would prove one Of the most serious
oatastrophes that our nation could suffer
As one of third generation of gunmakers
know positively whereof | speak, especially
as | happen to be one Of frm which has
established and is now running one Of the
big munit.on plants which | have in mind.
Because OF this. R patriotic movement
should Immediately be put in execution for
an absolutely noiseess Fourth. For once the
day should be celebrated i'm a quiet and dig
nifcd manner The money that is ordinarily
used for noise making could be spent in
great and grand universal display Of the
national coors.
II seems 10 me that Congress should take
this matter up Immediately. and pass some
measure forbidding the use of firearms and
fireworks this year WILLIAM II. AVIS.
West Haven. Conn, April IA. 1917
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-04-17
Eugenic Consumption
Don't First Take Those Best Fitted
for Fatherhood

To the Editor of The Tribune
Sir: As q true American | am interested
in the method of conscripton which / be-
licyc our government will put into effect
shortly part Of which is first to call unmar-
twenty-five. Why should our "boys" be
drafted first, those who have not really had
an opportunity to live and do their duty TO
God and mankind. those who have had no
share in perpetuating the race?
Rather have what may be termed GU
genie conscription; for instance. the first
men to be called for service in our war
with Germany 10 be unmarried men be
tween the ages Of thirty and forty-five
Second, all unmarried men from twenty-five
TO thirty Third all married men up to the
age Of for,y-dye without families; and last.
If necessary. unmarried men between the ages
of eighteen and twenty-five. After any war
what is most needed is men who will get
married and have children. Stlll, these
future fathers arc the first We propose to call
out for service. II a method somewhat SINH
lar IN tho one herein mentioned be rcsorted
10. our glorious nation viii be able TO boast
q healthy race. and not the offspring OF de
crcpits. etc. who viii perhaps be the only
ones left a. the conclusion of the war other
wise. European nations have drafted thei
most valuable asset, the pride Of all ma
tions. thc'r fine. perfect young man
hood. drst TO be the prey Of the
spoilcr. Those left will be old men, Grip
nlcs. sick men, What will their future be
with only their weak. perhaps predetermined
men and women, the children of these? Goa
grant that we. the United States Of America,
VINO now possess a superb race, may never
experience that which the other nations now
actively ~ war will inevitably feel. and
which will bc detrimental for generations
10 come,
hone that, cout-ary TO the rules OF con
s~rrtion adooted b. other nations, will
impress u0on The whole world our indiyid-
uality b. producing brilliant results and still
preserving our Young prospective fathers.
GERTRUDE ADELE REMIT.
New York, April l., 1917.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-04-17
Herbert Spencers Foresight

.Hct,'ool INA, r. Tic London Nation.
The Englishmau regards the state as no
regards his trousers. as useful indeed. even
indispensable. scarcely to be worshppcd For
the Englishman, more than any man. IS used
to making states, cutting them to suit the
individuals freedom, be knows too much %
states TO fall into the barbarian's mistake Of
Imposing that they are sent from heaven.
But tins attitude has been the outcome OF
political instinct. by mo- means of rca-
soued theory. Now. in Herbert Spencer Tho
ancient English instinct became VINO knows
through what logical germ of his remote
French ancestry sclf-consclous aud rca-
soncd. The spirit of England. which had
chiefly found only practical or imaginative
uttcrancc became intellectually artIculate
A. Will happen 10 the logically minded.
Spencer fell into am extreme which was
scarcely InEli %. though long as hc rc-
tanned mental vitality be corrected earlier OK
tsayagancc.. ln his emphasis ON tho essen
tial thing, he fai,cd 90 see that not only was
there nothing 90 lose. but much 10 be gained,
even for the individuals freedom 10y social
lzng the material things OF which all have
common and equal need. The supcriluOus
intensity of logic 90 which he stretched his
antagonism 20 the state thus contributed 20
his own neglect. We overlooked his central
vision Of the dangers that attend the hy7er-
trophied state with u.s. inevitably militaristc
tendencies, and his warnings were UNDECIDED.
Now VIC have reached the abyss that Spencer
forcsav So IL comes about that the Great
War has set the final seal on the fame Of
Herbert Spencer and hcnceforth he takes his
rightful place 10 The great English tradi-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-04-17
Politics and the Gary Plan

We print in another column a letter de
scribing the hearing on the Gary plan
reid in Queens by the Welfare Committee
Of the Board Of Aldermen. The whole
episode showed plainly enough the crude
political aims of this supposedly impartial
Investigation. 1t was designed to manu-
facture preliminary campaign matter
and the methods now being used are Of
the same shade as the goal in the distance
You cannot expect aldermen who are
laboring to turn over the schools to Tam
many to be ovcr-particular in their cam
paign.
Fortunately for the future Of the city,
the whole Gary project has already passed
beyond the critical period of preliminary
experiment. 1t is making good in The
Bronx. where its chief trial is taking place
1t is making good wherever its principles
have fair and thorough test In The
Bronx. where conditions of school conges-
ton were the worst in the city, it has al
ready ended 81 per cent Of part time, and
next fall will see the children Of the en-
tire borough on full time.
The whole project constitutes one Of the
most imaginative and successful services
which Mayor Mitchell has rendered the
city. 1t will take more than few blum
dering Tammany aldermen to pcrvert
this truth
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-04-17
Some Reasons for Consumption

70 the Editor Of he Tribune
Sir: am in favor Of the universal con
scription bill now before our national legis-
laturc. Leaving aside much that could be
said as to its justice and relation to future
preparedness, one phase Of the situation
strongly appeals 30 me. Thousands Of able
bodied citizens in New York City and
throughout the country Of foreign extraction
will under 10 circumstances volunteer in
numbers. They will remain at home and
barter and trade in their countrys necessi-
ties. but when it comes to fighting for their
country it is Me fight for SIS a month!
Let the Irish do it," This type should be
pulled into the army, for under the volun-
tcer system within a short generation there
will be none of the old American stock left
Another class are the soap boxers and
those people who sit around parks bright
sunny days while other people are at work
and settle among themselves just how this
nation should be governed. Were it not for
the industry Of their wives they would
starve. These. too. should be hauled in and
made 20 do their bit.
Still another class is the year-around
slackers, the never do-wels Of society. com
monty known as tramps. who insist that So
cety owes them living. These people, in
battles, could be placed on the firing line and
never be missed.
Universal CONSUMPTION is economically
sound It secures for the nation those who
can best serve it and relieves it of undesra-
bles and human derelicts II retains the
efficient and cxterminatcs the inefficient
WM. +. HEADY.
New York. April Il, 1917.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-04-17
Why Belgium Must BE Held

Above all. the domination Of Belgium I'M
proves our position against England. 1t Is
not without good reasons that from the very
first moment in which England took part in
Continental policy down TO the present day,
she has upheld the principle that Belgium
must not be acquired b. first-class power.
Her coast approaches that Of England to
within about forty knots. while tho distance
from Iic!goland TO the nearest point of the
English coast approximate 30 knots. Moth
ug would prevent the construction OF ioru-
fed harbor on the marshy coast of Flanders,
mich could not be successfully attacked even
by the most powerful feet. The mouth of
he Schedt is in the possession of Holland.
hut the way from Antwerp TO 0stend or Zee
brugge is only about 10 kilometres longer
than our Kiel Canal, We should have
maritime position which England would
seriously take to heart before she would again
attack Us in war And only through fear can
England be induced to admit Of freedom
OF the seas which is more than nominal. \
written agreement concerning such freedom
is worthless, be it through the special adhe-
sion Of England or through any Hague Con
yention. On this point we are surely suifi-
ciently enlightened But that we need this
freedom of the seas in order TO survive in
the competition of nations-On that point we
ere united. even to the paciists. All neutral
PEOPLES. even those in maritime countries,
would greet with JOY this freedom; they
would become reconcied to the order of
things through which we might enforce it,"
After reproachinc and combating the Ger
man moderates, who are against annexlng
politically independent peoples who value
their freedom, the Pan-German manifesto
goes on to explain how Belgium can be an
neXcd and the Flemish people be appeased. 1t
is no empty rhodomontade, this Pan German
scheme. and suspect that it appeals to
many official minds in Germany to-day
THE more numerous and more wealthy
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-04-17
Words OF Wisdom to Gardener

To the Editor Of The Tribune.
Sir: TO the thousands Of amateur gs'.'
ers this spring a word Of warning nay :
be amiss Don't start your garden TOO -
Tho first Of May is time enough, or eysi 2
middle Of May will not be too late. y
put in cold ground frequently refu'"
terminate and is lost
Seed will be scarce this year with ssa
phenomenal demand as will be MADE y
seedsmcn. II must not be wasted as :"
likely, it cannot be replaced.
Another reason for delay in plantlis
the possibility of frosts. No season =
til after May 10. and not always then -
may be put in early. as they j" 9
weather. Potatoes also thrive in 9
weather. Beans and corn revel IN ~,
weather, ard the slightest frost VIII :
beans. Corn does best when planted u ,
so warm that it Will come up in iVe " I
days. Squash. cucumbcrs and melons ~
not be planted carly. +.
All soii. no matter how rich It may
will produce better crops by Liberal i"-
zation with barn Yard or stable ma.
Poor soils will yield little or nothing
out abundant fertilization with such VS., (.
Commercial fertilizers will not u"
place of well rottcd stable manure
A small piece Of land we'll fert'iilss
Weld far more than large pateh u'''
lied. lie
The ground should be ploughed arc i,
rowed before planting. Barnyard o. -,
manure should be .pread over tne -,
after ploughing and before hsil , -
Then the rains Will wash tho pam
down around tho roots OF the pam
manure Us spread first and pIougnsa ~
much Of the plan; food will be wasn't a.
hc, ond the reach Of the roots. A sn'.- =
can be turned over and properly ~ M
with a .padc. Tnc ground shoO.S a.
well stirred with "a hoe afte' Wv y
come up AID until they mature
results are TO be obtained. ,hr
Small gardens may be waterea y a.
tage IN very dry weather but slwsI' n
after the sun goes down. GrO1nI 49,.
gardcn must. OF course, be wen NJ
Wet soil will no: produce crops
New YORK. April 10, 1911