davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21
GOVERNMENT FLIERS
BURNED TO CRISP
Two Aviators Testing Bombs Roast
ed to Death in Air.
DIV 1he InternntInnnI Neus ser.I.c l

(By the international News Service }
Buffalo, Aug. 20.-LiteTally roasted
to death in the cockpit of their aero
plane, Richard E. Mead, of Boston
and Charles A. Wall. Jr., of Buffalo,
we're killed late today when their
aeroplane. afire, dropped 400 feet at
the Curtiss flying field.
Mead and Wall had made a circuit
Of the field and had successfully
dropped bombs. On their second
circle of the field the young men
went to their deaths. They were
about 700 feet high when Wall pre-
pared to launch the second bomb.
The watchers below saw Wall lean
over the cockpit of the machine.
There was a spark In an instant the
machine was in flames. Mead was
operating it. He tipped it downward
at an angle of 90 degrees. There was
a brief flash of white and yellow
flames and in an instant the craft
had struck the ground.
Four automobiles filled with students
and mechanicians carrying medical
supplies rushed to the scene. When
they reached the machine they found
the two biackened heads, with here
and there a patch of the leather
clothes that had been burned of. The
wigs of the machine were gone; the
engine settled down from its cross
members; the two charred, blackened
and crisp bodies dropped to the
ground. The men had been literally
cooked to death.
Mead was a government aviator in
structor detailed here from Mineola,
L. 1. Wall was a student there.
The two avistors were making tests
for the United States government of a
new artillery spottting bomb intended
to be ten-second signal for the OBJ
ssyagoa officers. -
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21
BRITAIN WARNS
NEUTRAL SHIPPING

London. Aug 2N-ln principle the
British government is of the opinion.
Lord Robert Cecil. minister OF Block
ade, told the House Of Commons to-
day. that neutral shipping which has
been persistently and continuously as
sisting Great Britain's enemies should
be treated after the war en- the same
footing as enemy shipping.
Vessels that lie in port in conse-
quence of the German governments
threats, the minister added, would
certainly be considered as assisting
the belligerent objects of the enemy.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21
BELGIAN MISSION
ARRIVES At new YORK
Visitors Escorted Through Golden
Way" of Fifth Avenue.

(By the International News Service
New York, Aug. 20.-Headed by Bar
on Moncheur, the Belgian Mission
came to New York tonight.
Although the visitors from the hero
ic little kingdom had asked that SIM
plicity mark their reception, they
were given the same enthusiastic
greeting that attended the advent of
the other commissions from the Unit
ed States allies in the war.
The commission was escorted by the
mayors reception committee through
a Golden Way" along Fifth avenue.
and thence to the White. Way Of
Broadway.
They were housed at the Biltmore.
Tomorrow the commission will oc
practically given the freedom of the
city and escorted all over with quart
Of honor. q
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21
HUNS MASS RESERVES
ALONG RUSSIAN front
Shift Men from France and Other
Lines to Eastern Battle.
(By the international News S.

tby the international News Servtce.)
Petrograd, Aug. 20.-In compe-
tent military circles in Petrograd
there is belief that the Germans
are assembling their reserves taken
from France and also many sold
iers of the eastern front into the
region Of Foesani and Okna in
order to cut the communications
and retreat of the armies of Cen
erals Averescu and Ragoza, the
Rumanian commanders.
The results of the last battles
In this part of the Rumanian front
show clearly that the Austro- Ger
man forces do not possess all neces-
sary means to accomplish simuta-
meously a vigorous coup to en-
able them to envelope the right
wing on the Sereth. and the other
wing operating on the front of
Foesani.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21
JAPS TO STAND
With AMERICA
Mission to Convince u. S.
Of Its Country's
Good VIII.

Japan will stand by the United
States TO the end of the war-and
after.
She will ask no money: no material,
no equipment.
She will exchange pledges of nation
al, lasting friendship
She will prove that Germany, in
stead of seeking to make an ally of
her, has been trying by propaganda,
to cause war between Japan and the
United States.
Arrives Here Soon.
These are the outstanding aims of
the forthcoming visit of the japan Sc
mission, which is expected to arrive
here soon, and were outlined yester-
day by a source close to the Japanese
Embassy. He made these points:
. l. The mission Is one of sentiment.
3 japan, unlike some of the other
belligerents, is not in the slightest
need of assistance, either financial or
material. The mission will convince
the Washington government of this.
3-Documentary evidence will be
produced to show that Germany has
spent vast sums in Japan and in
the United States, to create i'll
feeling and suspicion on both sides
and bring about war.
Japan will support the United
States to the utmost extremity dur
ing the war and after it. The mis-
sion hopes to take steps to oblit-
crate international trouble makers.
German Hopes.
1t was said at sources close to
the Japanese Embassy here last
night that the Germans have al
ways predicted that as soon as the
United States got into trouble with
Mexico or any European power,
Japan would throw her power into
the scale against the United States.
Nothing of the sort has happened,
it was pointed out, and the German
charges have had exactly the oppo-
site effect, so far as the Japanese
government has been concerned, in
the fact that since the United
States declared war on Germany
Japan has been cooperating more
actively than ever with the allies.
1t is said here upon the same
high authority that the fact that
there has existed a German propa-
ganda in Japan, and in the United
States to array one country against
the other has been clearly proved
by the sudden cessation of such
propaganda since the United States de-
clared war on Germany, and ,hany
Germans have been forced to leave
the United States, as they were
forced to leave Japan when Japan
and Germany went to war.
1t is also pointed out here in an
authoritative manner that the Ger
man propaganda, coming from
abroad, which has charged that
Japan is not actively cooperating
with and supporting the allies is
disproved by the fact that Japan
has a squadron of thirteen of her
finest destroyers in the Mediter-
ranean, and a large number of her
finest cruisers patrolling the ocean
routes and conveying ships of the
allies laden with merchandise from
Australia to Suez, at which latter
point the destroyers take up the
patrol work to Gibraltar.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21
Student Aviator Killed
at Wright Training School

Dayton. Ohio, Aug. OR. L. Hayes.
young student aviator at the Wright
aviation school, was killed today when
he lost his balance while Watching the
operation of revolving propeller on
Federal airplane and fell on the
propeller.
His death was the first at the school.
He is said to have lived at Tacoma,
Washington.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21
ALLIES SMASH HUN LINES
IN DRIVE ON 3 FRONTS
Concerted Actionin Three Fighting Areas
Now Under Way by Entente Ma
tons, Driving Germans Back.
CBy International News serviee.)

London Aug 20-Ihe great allied pncer has swung into
again France and Italy have launched the mgest drives
of the year with brilliant initial England keeping her
bulldog grip her gains Flanders and Lens and pOns
ahead slowly but surely.
In three of the main Continental fighting actually
widely separated fronts gigantic concerted campaign under
BERLIN STATEMENT.
Tomorrow the Rechstass committee As usual the
German military leaders will be called upon give account of the
situation Yesterday all still seemed Optimistic dispatches from
Berlin spoke of Improvement the military situation and of the
central powers being again in the ascendancy."
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21
MORE GOLD FOR JAPAN.

New York. Aug. 2O.-Subtreasury has
transferred S250,00O by telegraph to San
francisco, representing an equal
amount OF gold to be shipped to jap
an. Gold coin to amount of $4,000 was
Withdrawn from subtreasury for ship
ment to Spain.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21
Big FLEET
OF DESTROYERS
United States to Have the
Largest Number of This
Fighting Craft.

Secretary of the Navy Daniels an
nounced last night that he planned to
make the torpedo boat destroyer fleet
of the United States the largest in the
world-even greater than that Of Eng.
land. He believes the destroyer the
greatest weapon against the subma-
rine.
Conferences were held yesterday
with twenty-five of the big shipbuild-
ers of the country, with the view to
determining just how fast this type
of vessel can be produced for the gov
ernment. While little was said after
the meeting, it is understood that each
man was approached on the possibil-
ity of doubling his plant capacity.
Daniels Wants Destroyers.
It has been known for some time
that the Secretary believes the de-
stroyer is the most effective weapon
in submarine warfare. He believes
their rruising radius, their speed,
their quick control. and their fleXi-
bility of maneuvers make them the
most deadly foe of the undersea craft.
This has been proven.
Great numbers of the fast destroy
ers make the water almost safe.
IF We get what We want" Secre-
tary Daniels said after the confer
ence, we will have more destroyers
than any other nation in the world,
including England"
More Efficient Than Cruisers.
The determination 70 substitute de-
stroyers for submarine chasers was
reached some time ago as it became
evident that even the best of the
Chasers were not as efficient in a sea-
way as are the destroyers. The one
difficulty now standing in the way of
huge destroyer production is the
supply of high speed engines. boilers
and reduction gears. The Navy De-
partment says that the facilities for
building the hulls are ample. 1t is
believed that the hulIs are now be-
ing fabricated on standardized plans
at the big steel plants and assembled
at navy yards and certain private
tidewater plants.
Destroyer conveys are a necessity
for the transport of large fleets of
either warships or merchantmen. As
our forces in France increase the new
destroyers will probably be available
for this duty.
Destroyers in large number will
also be used. it is believed, to combat
the new German mine-sweepers.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21
WILSON HOLDS
PEACE SOLUTION
Democratic Germany Only
Basis of Negotiations,
Officials Believe.

Semi-official opinion here has ap-
parently crystalized on these forecasts
of the Presidents reply to Pope Bene-
| dict
The reply will await a conference
of the allies, but the attitude OF the
| United States will in no manner be
CONSTRUCTED by determinations of the
| allies as to dispositions OF European
/ territory necessary to peace.
The sine qua non upon which the
United States will consider the cessa-
| ton of hostilities will be the liberali-
zation and characterization of Ger
many herself
This is only semi-official opinion
| The men with whom the President
advises directly are maintaining the
| most remarkable barrier OF silence on
all matters relating to peace. But it
J is an opinion so universal among men
I who are in a position to sense the
( direction in which the administration
| moves that it is regarded as impor-
| tant
The President has continued to de-
vote himself to the problems of price
| fixing to the exclusion of all other
matters. While he is thus enga ged
no one ventures to discuss peace. The
whole matter has been left to the
| President alone in a most unperce-
dented manner.
. President Has Answer.
The President is believed to have
| induced this attitude on the part of
/ the Cabinet and Congress only be-
cause he has been able to assure them
that he has a satisfactory solution of
the peace problem.
The delay fits nicely into the Presi-
dents plans as outlined. 1t will per-
nit of the conference Of the allies
told of by Lord Robert Cecil in Lon
don. The President, when he does
speak, Will speak with a country more
| unitedly behi2d him than is the coun-
try of any other chief executive or
ruler.
The very simplicity of the demands
| of the United States will also give
them a force which the demands of
| the other allies may lack. They may
| be considered at first glance more diff
! ficult OF attainment than the compli-
| Gated question which the rest of the
| entente is endeavoring to solve. But
| the democratization OF Germany is
said 10 be in the Presidents opinion
the real solution of all of the many
things which the allies may quarrel
| over.
Must Restore Belgium.
| The one exception to the rule against
interfering in European politics to-
day attributed to the administration
is the restoration of Belgium. This
| exception is made not because of in
terest in Belgium herself-that interest
| is sentimental and not political OF
diplomatic-but because the violation
of Belgium was the most striking IN
stance of Prussian militaTism's dis
regard for all law.
! In the demand for destruction Of the
power of the German imperial family
is seen the automatic attainment cf
the things for which all the allies are
fighting. The personnel which began
this war once out Of the way, the
! United States will express the belief
that all other questions may be easily
and equitably solved.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21
NAMES LOVETT
COAL DICTATOR
Appointment Made by Pres,
ident to Relieve Short
age Of Fuel.

Judge Robert S. Lovett former
head of the Union Pacific, and mem
ber of the War Industries Board,
was placed in direct control Of the
coal situation in the United States.
by President Wilson yesterday.
Judge Lovett Immediately exercised
the authority given under the pri-
Ority bill to issue an order to re-
lieve the congestion of coal in the
Middle West.
President Investigates.
Judge Lovett's order came after
a lengthy conference with the
President. Before talking with
I Judge Lovett, the President talked
| for more than three-quarters of an
hour with the members Of the Fed
eral Trade Commission, and went
over all the figures which have been
gathered on coal production. ship
ments and prices. II is understood
that Judge Lovett will be given
absolute power in handling the
lcoal situation, and that at least one
other man will be named by the
President to assist him in fixing
prices and regulating production.
May Fix Priority.
The order issued is intended TO
relieve the situation in the Middle
West where the prospect Of a Sc
rious shortage was imminent. There
is only q short time left before
navigation on the Great Lakes will
close, and immediate action was
necessary.
Judge Lovett refused to state wheth-
er his powers in dealing with the coal
I situation would extend beyond fixing
the priority Of shipments II is be-
lieved, however, that he will be given
almost absolute power in this respect,
and while there will be others ssso-
ciated with him. his judgment will be
final II was pointed out yesterday,
that with the priority law as a weap,-
on, Judge Lovett, without authority
could force the prices down to what
ever the President may decide TO be
/ just and proper.
President Wanted Haste.
\ President Wilson's keen interest in
| the situation and his urgent demand
for haste in getting action was DEM
onstrated by his conference yesterday
1t is understood that he communi-
| Gated with the Interstate Commerce
! Commission and got figures on car
movements, then paid his visit to the
Federal Trade Commission. David
Wing, the government coal expert was
present at the conference and went
over the figures prepared by the com
missions agents with the President
1t is understood that very definite
idea of what the price for coal viii
be was given by the President. NJ
announcement was made however, al
though it was learned that the 50 fig
ure fixed by the Navy Department i:
considered too high.
| With the situation in the Middle
West taken care of. the President is
expected to name a tentative price to
day and appoint the man or men whC
will have charge OF stimulating pro
duction and attend 10 the details ot
one entailing immense work, as the
costs of production will have to bt
price fixing. This latter task will b'
taken into consideration in NAMING
prices.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21
Rests on Constitution.

Finding against the contention
which has had widespread propagan-
dlst circulation-that it is unconstitlI.
tlonal to send the drafted armies Ia
IorelSn soil, Judge Speer rules.
The sole additional ground a, tba
petition is that by the common law If
was the right Of petitioners to 'remafn
wlthln the realm and that this right
should now be held 20 relieve them
from military service beyond the bor-
GERS OF the United States The repIy
y that the common law, that is, the
lHlinenorlal English law, cannot pre-
Nall as TO the United States or its peo-
PIE against an explicit provision OF ar
act OF Congress. Nor has a court of
tne United States power to declare an
act OF Congress invalid because it is
inlmical to the common law.
Ihe touchstone for such judicial
power Is the Constitution and nothing
else. 1t remains to be de>ernipeo
whether the Constitution has confer
red authority on Congress to enac,
thls law. Clause two of article / sec
ton 8, of the Constitution empowers
congress to raise and support ar
miles, This power is pIenary. If is
not restricted in any manner, Con-
Sress may summon to its army thus
authorized every citizen of the United
states. Since it may summon ali II
may summon any.
There remains to lie considered the
contention that Congress cannot en-
ploy the National Army to be created
by virtue Of this legislation in foreipn
lands or beyond the seas. II this is
true' then, indeed, is our country i'm
potent. Then must its people indeeo
sutIer in their own homes, in their
cities and on their farms, all the hor-
rors of invasive war. Its military
leaders must ignore the settled princi-
pies OF their science-that the best de-
1ensive is the most vigorous Offensive
The keen swords of its sons. in
stead OF flashing over the guard of
the enemy and piercing his yitaIs,
must be held inmovabIe as if on an
anvil to be shattered by the reiterated
blows OF his hammer. Deprived of
our aid in the field, successive defeats
Will visit and crush our allies. Their
lands conquered, their navies taken,
we must then in turn, solitary and
alone, meet on our own soil the i'm
pact Of victorious and barbarous le-
gions whose laws do not forbid their
service abroad. but which inspire their
herce and veteran armies to deeds of
conquest in every cline
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21
PRESIDENT MAY
SETTLE STRIKE
Personal Intervention by
Chief Executive in Labor
Troubles Predicted.

Fear that the strike Of the New York
Shipyard employees may spread to ship
building plants in other parts of the
country and operate seriously to re-
tard delivery of vessels needed for the
war, probably will lead to the per-
sonal intervention of President Will
son, in event of failure of Federal
conciliators to settle the controversy.
Secretary of Labor Wilson last night
took steps to bring about the return
to work of 1900 men who left their
posts in New York shipyards. demand
ing an increase in wages. The men de-
mand raise of 50 cents a day.
Sends Mediators.
Following a conference between the
Secretary and his associates at the
Department of Labor, it was an
nounced that Secretary Wilson imme-
diately would send mediators to New
York to confer with the shipbuilders
and the men.
Officials felt confident that a general
strike, which union officials threaten
to call unless the shipyard workers
are given more pay, can be prevented.
Sampel Gompers, president of the
American Federation of Labor, is
lending hearty cooperation to govern
ment officials in the negotiations.
Federation mediation was determined
upon following recommendation made
by President O'ConneI and Secretary
Berry of the International Metal
Trades Union.
Take No Action.
officials of the Department of Jus
tice and Labor took no action concern
ing the strike of the members of the
Industrial Workers of the World in
four Far Western States. Latest re-
ports from Washington, Montana
Idaho, and Oregon showed that pos
sibly not more than 1900 had an
swered the strike call. Attorney Gen.
eral Gregory declined to issue any for
NAL statement as to the course the
department will take but it is under
stood that for the present he will
reply upon State authorities to handle
the problem.
With the military authorities adopt
ing drastic methods by OBTAINING the
agitators for an indefinite period, the
view of officials is that the strike plan
will collapse. The reports showed that
the I. w. w. strike thus far has had
no serious effect in retarding work in
the construction and agricultural in
dustries.
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21
United States Judge Denies
Habeas Corpus Writ,
Ruling that Act to Raise
Army Is Constitutional.

The draft law has been upheld in
the first test of its constitutionality.
Judge Emory Speer, United States
judge for the Southern District of
Georgia, handed down at Mount Airy
a decision to this effect. He rejected
applications for writs of habeas
corpus for two registration evaders.
Albert Jones and John story, who
had been arrested for their failure to
obey the law.
Are Soldiers sIavesf
Application for the habeas corpus
was made on the ground that the law
violated the Thirteenth Amendment
This provides that neither slavery
nor involuntary servitude except as
punishment Of crime whereof the par
ties shall have been duly convicted
shall exist within the United States
or any place subject to their turis-
diction."
In his decision, Judge Speer says:
TO agree to this contention we
must conclude that the soldier Is a
slave. Nothing could be more ab-
horrent to the truth, nothing more
degrading to that Indispensable and
gallant body of citizens trained in
arms, to whose manhood, skill and
courage is, and must be, committed
the task Of maintaining the very ex-
istence of the nation and all that its
people hold dear"
The Washington herald., 1917-08-21

the home is
worth ten on the
highway"
Evening star., 1917-10-17
Desserts With a Minimum of
Sugar.

Now that sugar is so high. why don't
YOU plan TO serve desserts in which a
minimum amount of sugar is used?
To be sure. the very word dessert. as
We Americans use it. suggests sugar
Sweets and dessert are almost synony-
nous But there are many. many des-
serts that are not sweet-and many
others that are only slightly sweet
To begin with, there are nuts and
raisina classed as dessert on many
menus, and so-called in other countries
than our own These are. to be sure.
not entirely free of sugar. for the raj
sins are sweet. But the sugar they
possess is not our sugar. that is SO
scarce. but the sugar from the grape
itself.
Then there are the various fruit des-
serts. Raw fruit served whole is a de-
lshtful dessert, and at this season
oranges, bananas, pears. apples, plums,
grapes and other fruits are in market It
an inexpensive price. Nothing is pret-
tier on the table than a dish of fine fruit.
perfectly clean and arranged with due
idea of color, of course. Fruit, of course.
contains much sugar. quite as welcome TO
the system as cane or beet sugar.
Then there are desserts that take a
small amount Of sugar. but depend on
tempting qualities. Such desserts are
fruit shortcakes. which need be only
slightly sweetened. Jellies. slightly
sweetened. but well favored with some
other favoring. like lemon or orange
juice, come under the same class and so