davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03
Cows On Pasture
May Need Grain

Does It pay to feed grain to COWS
On pasture? The results of expert
ments indicate that it depends largely
upon how much milk the cows give
and how good the pasture is. If a
Gov b producing less than q pound
q butter each day the necessary food
en- be obtained from a good pasture.
II she produces more than this some
grain can be fed proftably. This
mems that a Jersey COW should be
able to get enough food from grass to
make about 20 pounds Of milk daily
and Holstein about rs to 80.
It will pay to feed grain to all
cows which give more than this
amount since high producing animals
cannot gather sufficient feed in the
fnem Of grass A cow giving pound
and q half of butter daily should re-
cetve about five pounds Of grain daily,
and one giving two pounds of butter
should receive seven or eight pounds
Of grain. When not more than four
or five pounds of grain are fed it may
consist Of corn II more than this is
needed, some bran or a small amount
Of cottonseed meal should be added.
These recommendations hold good
only when pastures are good. In late
summer II VIII often be necessary to
feed moro grain to high producing
COWS or to give some silage or green
feeds to help ont the pastures.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03

farms, or ground under intensive cul-
tivation.
The most common method of trap
ping is by the use Of a simple horse
propelled implement called hopper
dozer This consists OF long shallow
pan or trough. with a back and side
wings rising at right angles TO the
pan, and is mounted on runners. The
pan is constructed Of galvanized sheet
iron, the back and side wings may be
built of wooden frames covered with
stout muslin or light cotton duck, and
the runners are made of wood or old
wagon tires. The pan is kept par
tally filed with water, covered with
film of lov-grade kerosene. AS the
hopperdozer is drawn over the field
the grasshoppers jump or fly against
the back and most Of them are pre-
cipitated into the oil-covered water in
the pan. slight touch Of oil is fatal
to the insects. These implements can
not be used on uneven. stony, or re-
Gently cleared land, nor in meadows or
fields of grain where the crops have
reached a considerable height. Even
where they are used successfully,
good many grasshoppers escape being
killed.
The most effective method OF con-
troll is the use of poisoned bats. Pol
soned- bran bait has proven to be
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03

for the lemons or oranges. if neces-
sary. Ordinary powdered white ar
senic (arsenious acid) contains nearly
twice as much arsenic as Paris green
and Is comparatively low in price.
The powdered form of arsenate Of
lead may be used. but in this case
twice as much of ii must be used as
of the Paris green. In semiarid
regions water should be added to the
bait at the rate of gallons to %
pounds Of bran, as in these climates
the bait dries out very rapidly and the
extra moisture is necessary in order
to attract the gnasshoppers.
Another effective bait is the modi-
fed Criddle mixture. This is prepared
as follows: Fresh horse droppings,
one-half barrel: Paris green, 1 pound.
or powdered white arsenic, pound;
finely chopped oranges or lemons, s to
fruits, water SUFFICIENT to make a
moist but not sloppy mash. This bait
must be thoroughly mixed before dis
tributed and as most people object to
handling this mixture with the bare
hands. pair Of cheap rubber gloves
may be used for the purpose.
Both the poisoned bran bait and the
modified Criddle mixture are dis
tributed over the infested fields by
sowing broadcast. either on foot or
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03

necessary laundry and bathroom
water is drawn. The average Per
CAPITA consumption Of soft water, like
that of hard water. Diners very macn'
It depends on the sine Of the eAssern
and the character OF the plumbing
fixtures quite as much - on the dse
and habits Of the family. Most homes
would use larger quantities OF csstern
water il they had moro adequate
supply or more modern pumping con-
trivances The average home cistern
holds nominally about 40 cubic feet,
which - 100 barrels of water. but
part Of this cistern is not available,
since the water at the bottom con-
tains sediment that has washed from
the roof, and can not, or should not.
be used. This leaves about SIS cubic
feet, or 81 barrels, for actual use. II
We assume that tho cistern IL COM
pieheay emptied three times year, It
gives a daily consumption Of 3ust ;
cahic feet, or 27h gallons, per family
Of ffve members. Some families un-
doubtedly no twice as much or sew
eral times % much soft water as the
quantity stated, and more would be
used IN many homes II the supply
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03
Is more adequate and easier TO OBJ

vas more adequate and easaer TO OBJ
tain.
The water reports Of larEe cities
show N nch greater consumption fig-
ures, because enormous quantities of
water are being used IN factories and
packing houses and for street sprink-
ling and building purposes The
farmer should not be misled by these
city statistics. When calculating tho
consum ption Of water in the average
farm home the following conservative
table Is generally used:
To IN . bathtub requires from to
20 gallona
To flush closet, eaeh time, from ; to
gallons.
TO MI a lavatory, from 1 to IL gall
Iona
For sprtnkiing lawn. per 100 square
feet from to gallons.
For soaking lawn, per 100 square feet,
from Is to 20 gallons
The consumption Of water by farm
animals depends upon the season. the
feed, the age, and the individual habits
Of the animal and its surrounding
local conditions. The following tables
will give a good idea, however:
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03


Of Comprcsscd-Air Tank, Electric
Pump and Plumbing Fixtures.
kitchen. the Laundry, the bathroom,
the farmyard. or into the storage tank.
According to the mechanical principle
involved in their construction or opef-
alton, they may be divided into several
classes, as follows: A
1. Water hoists, /. e., contrfvAnces
which raise water by means OF buckets
fastened to belts, wheels or levers.
The old-fashioned cistern pump" be-
longs to this class. Another form 10
the tread wheel employed in oriental
countries to raise water a tow feet for
irrigation. Still another form Is the
worm hoist" Of which a short de-
scription may be found in almost any
dictionary. Another form is the old
oaken bucket"
2. Compressed-air lifts, or steam
lifts. /. e., contrivances that hoist
water by means Of air or steam blown
into the lower end of the outflow pipe,
or into closed tanks filled with water.
3. Centrifugal pumps, or pumps
that drive up the water by means Of
rapidly revolving fan Wheels pump
form which is used much in bridge
building to raise water from foundA-
ton pits, and in irrigation work.
4 Suction pumps and force punapa
or pumps that hoist water by means
Of piston action-the usual form Of
hand pump and Windmill pump. The
smaller kinds are single-acting pumps
= 3 ~
pumps.
5. Hydrauli. rams--purps which
work automat cai!y by the energy q
a stream of water which flows through
them.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03
sKISndILK IN A FEED RATION.

Skimmilk on the basis OF its com.
position. is Of the class known rs pro-
tein feeds. Being too deficient in
starches and sugars Carbohydrates
as well as fat, it is not very valuable
as fat producer when fed alone.
When combined with corn or some
similar feed in the proper proportions
the protein Of the skimmilk supplies
the deficiency Of the protein In the
corn, while the carbohydrates OF the
corn supply that deficiency in the
skimmirk, the two feed stu1fs thus
forming balanced ration. This
means a ration which contains tho
nutrients in proportions to meet tho
needs of the animal body for its best
development.-John c. Burns.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03

There was a time when the farmer
drank his fill from the "old oaken
bucket that hung in the well, when
his bathtub consisted Of an abandon
ed wash boiler placed out In the sum-
mer kitchen or down in the cellar,
when the water-closet was four
foot by five-foot shanty planted be-
hind the corncrib, and when on wash
days the needed soft water was OBJ
tanned from an old barrel that stood
at the corner of the front porch; but
these primitive conditions are rapidly
vanishing-they are almost thing
Of the past No one argues now. as
was the case then, that one or two
baths a month ocEht to be sufficient
for q healthy person, or that we'll
lighted, vell-warmed and vell-fur-
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03
BEES IN THE ORCHARD.

The idea that bees do harm in an
orchard has been disproved In an in
vestigation made at Florence, Italy.
The bees cannot perforate the skin Of
the fruit, and the damage is due to
hornets, wild birds. wind or hail By
sucking injured fruit the bees really
prevent fermentation and the spread
ing Of rot. They also render service in
the cross pollination Of flowers and the
resulting setting of fruit, orchards and
vineyards frequented by them bear
most regularly
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03

The refreshing taste Of spring or
we'll water is due to several causes.
First, the water coming from low
stratum in the ground u nearly al
ways quite cold: second, it contains
much common air and considerable
quantities of the dioxide Of carbon
These qualities make the water pa
latable. They can be impaired to,
tepid water artificially, but not readily
or cheaply. Water can Be boiled to
rid it of dangerous germs; 1t can be
cooled by ice, or by means Of an am.
monia cooling apparatus the So
called ice machine. Air and cafboa
dioxide can be forced through water
to freshen It
There are many different kinds Of
pumps or contrivances for lifting
water from wells or cisterns into tho
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03

tirely pure, but contains dust particles,
ammonia. and traces of numerous
other ingredients However, as most
Of these admixtures are harmless, the
problem is, therefore. not how an en-
tirely pure water can be obtained, but
rather how to obtain water with an
admixthre which Is not harmful for
the purpose for which 1t Is intended.
Many spring or well waters contain
large quantities OF lime in solution.
This lime prevents soap from dissolv-
ing and lathering; ii makes the water
hard and almost unsuited for laundry
purposes. The chemist has means to
extract the lime from the water, but
it is a process that could not be
cheaply introduced into the house,
hold. However, for drinking purposes,
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03
BY w. r. WALTON

simple, reliable, and cheap method Of
destroying grasshopperA This bait is
prepared as follows: Wheat bran, IS
pounds: Paris green, pound. or
white arsenic. l pound; finely
chopped lemons or oranges; low-grade
molasses, such as refuse from sugar
factories, or cattle molasses known as
black strap" quarts: water, three
to four gallons. The bran and Paris
green or other arsenical are mixed
thoroughly while dry. then the fruits
are chopped finely and added. and
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03

lastly the diluted molasses is poured
over the bait and the whole thoroughly
kneaded. A coarse faxed bran is
most desirable, although where this
can not be obtained easily ordinary
middlings or alfalfa meal may be sub
stituted; a low grade, strong-smellins
syrup or molasses. however, is essen
tial to the entire success of the under
taking. Crushed ripe tomatoes, water
melons, or lines may be substituted
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03
INSURANCE AGAINST CHOLERA.

II you want to keep cholera out Of
your herd the first thing to do is to
keep the hogs clean. Keep them out
of wallow holes or filthy places and
see that they have clean beds. Do
not let the sows that are going to far
row run with the rest of the hogs
Keep lime water where the hogs can
get drink Of it once day but they
should not be made to quench their
thirst on this Give tablespoonful
of oil cake for each once a day in
slop or soft feed.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03
TURKEYS.

Don't overfeed the turkeys, and al
ways have a place where they can
roost by themselves. If kept with
chickens, they soon become lousy. 1t
does not take many lice to kill a
young turkeys. The best way to
keep poults from getting lousy is to
keep the old ones free from lice aud
then hatch the eggs under the turkey
hens When Matched under chicken
hens they are almost sure to have the
large body Hse. They acquire these in
spite of all efforts &c prevent.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03
ECONON1IzE SPACE.

Where land Is limited, cucumbers
and tomatoes may be grown on stakes
or trellises. Chicken-wire is good for
this, or tomatoes may be tied to stakes
driven in the ground at each plant, and
then all but two or three branches
kept cut or. and tying those left to
the stake as they grow: this results in
little less fruit per plant, but more
plants may be planted on the same
amount of space. Three feet apart
each way is enough.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03
By JOHN DANIEL WALTERS


Horses, s to IL gallons day each.
Cattle, s to ~ gallons a day each.
Hogs, u to 2 gallons day each.
Sheep, to ? gallons day each.
When estimating the consumption
ofwater for large herds of cattle and
horses. old and young, as they are
found on the average farm. it Is safe
to reckon it per head" at a mini
mum Of one cubic foot q day: that is,
about half of the minimum amount
needed for each person.
Every one who intends to study
water-supply problems should know
the following relations:
1. gallon equals .134 cubic feet.
2. cubic foot equals 1,72s cubic
inches.
3. cubic foot equals 7.4s gallons.
4. cubic foot of water weighs ap-
proximately 62k pounds.
5. gallon Of water weighs SO
pounds.
g. gallon contains 231 cubic in
ches
Z. 31h gallons make one barrel.
Chemically pure water is never
found in nature. 1t can be obtained
only by distillation. When left in
contact with common air. or with
earthly or organic substances, water
rapidly absorbs parts of them and be-
comes impure. Even the rain water
that falls from the clouds is not en-
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03
LIME FOR THE PASTURE.

In pasture lands that cannot readily
be plowed the best procedure is to
apply lime, If needed, and to encour-
age the grass to grow vigorously by a.
yearly topdressing Of well-rotted barn
yard manure and occasional light appli-
cations Of commercial fertilizer that is
rich in phosphates and nitrogen. In
addition, all thin spots in the sod
should be reseeded each year with
liberal quantity Of good grass seed.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03
FARMER is THE l1AINsrAY.

est place In this country at the present
time. The city man Of Affairs all over
the country is reported ~ optimistic
of the future for business. but he 10
waiting to see what is going 70 hap.
pen.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03

Before a thunderstorm the Austral-
ian humming bird covers the top Of
its nest with cobweb, which is a nom
.nnductnr ct electsi~isA
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03

Tin cans make good protectors to
keep the cut worms away from the
tomatoes and cabbage.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03
THE REASON.

IN the corn belt states, where one
might expect the largest yields. they
are in many cases very low. The rea-
son for this Is largely poor cultivation;
too many men try to get over about
twice as much as they can handle pro-
fitabiy. The average hired man in the
corn belt has forgotten how to run a
hoe h~ndle, and but little effort is
made to get the weeds out Of the hills
in many cases. Better cultivation is q
vital need in corn raising.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03

Let the little chicks roam in the
garden. The damage will be very
slight while the amount of vermin they
win pick up will surprise one.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03

The silo increases the livestock
carrying capacity Of the farm.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03

A serious shortage Of preserving
tars and cans il thrAaAe.AA
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03

Reserve regular Ntight-sealing con-
tainers for canning FOOLS.
Ottumwa semi-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1916-1918, 1917-08-03
PROTECTIVE MEASURES USED IN CHRISTOPHER CONTROL
arms. or ground under intensive cul-

+ I!
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-04
St. Joseph Co,l,1ty's Crop
OF Wheat VIII Reach
Normal, Bord11er's Vje,U

That there will be a shortage in
the national wheat yield this year
but a normal production in st. Jo-
seph county, was he prediction Of
County Agent John 5. Bordner Mon
day. Figures taken from the month
" crop report issued by the gov
eminent show that on May 1 the
wheat crop was nearly 10 points be-
low tEat of May /, 1915.
Since May /. however, the local
crop has increased in appearance
10 points. and the yield Will be as
much if not more than the yield Of
1916. Under normal conditions the
county produces 500. 900 bushels OF
wheat. An acreage of newly devel-
oped wheat land which at present
looks most productive will undOubt-
eddy bring the yield up TO normal
figures. This undeveloped field is on
the north line OF Penn township.
Wheat in the lower Kankakee val
lev and along the southern portion
Of the county is booming and should
produce good yields. The use OF
more phosphate is given as the rea-
son for a good production this year.
on farms where formerly 100
pounds of phosphate were used.
nearly a ton has been put on this
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-04
Authorities Plan
Raid on Quarters
Of Anti-Draft Men
al News Service:

International News service.
CHICAGO, June 1.-THE depart
rnent of justice marshalled its forces
today TO clear Chicago and vicinity
of anti-draft plotters who had com
pleted elaborate preparations 10 i'm
2ede the administration of the con-
script law tomorrow.
Warrants had been issued for
ring leaders Of known cOnspirators
and il was expected that raids would
be made during the day and night,
accompanied by the seizure Of a
great mass of propaganda literature
printed for distribution tomorrow.
Today many arrests became i'm
lrinent, some If which, il was re
ported, would approach charges Of
treason because of the brazen
schemes against government admin
istration Of its war acts that had
been disclosed
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-04

year, and in many cases more than
a ton. Last year the use of phos-
plate produced an increase Of 10
bushels per acre.
Figures in the crop report show
that on May l the wheat crop stood
al 1872 points. Last year at the same
time il stood at So points. At an
average yield Of Is bushels per acre
the wheat to be harvested will
amount 10 sos. 900. 600 bushels. This
is "A per cent less than 1916, "a
per cent less than 1915, and 46 per
cent less than 1914.
Climatic conditions. principally a
lack of rain for several weeks. is
blamed for the shortage of the
wheat crop throughout the country.
Locally the lack OF rain has been
Instantaneous. but the rains OF
the past few weeks have benefited
the crop.
Rye, the other important bread
crop. will be as good this year as II
has been in other years. on May
rys stood at SIS points. This will
mean a yield or 6O,7S5.OOO bushels.
as compared with 1900. 1000 in 1916
and 81 1900. 900 bushels in 1915. The
local rye crops is good
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-04
Kidnapped Child's Father
May be Called to Jury;
Trail Leads to Ozdrks

OF the kidnapers who stole the
baby last Wednesday was found and
it led to the heart of the Ozark
mountains. as the country south of
Springfield is called.
The trail turned TO the mountains
after a swift raid on a Negro set
tlement on the outskirts of Spring
field. known as Coon HOller."
Coon Houer Is a colony of shabby
huts To il desperate criminals of
this district have fed for refuge
and found il.
The raid on Coon Holler came
after a mysterious messenger had
slir9ed through the shadows about
the Keet's bungalow and had run
the guard of detectives TO deliver a
message 10 Mr. Keet.
your baby IS where YOU could
reach him in an automobile in half
an Hour" the message is reported
10 have said call of your detec-
tive bloodhounds II YOU don't
you'll never see the baby again. II
they ever get near us. the baby will
be murdered"
But the kidnapers. IL they had
ever been in Coon Holler, had fed.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-04

PETROGRAD. June 4. - An ul-
timatum has been sent by the pro-
visional government 10 the radicals
Of the council of workmens' and
soldiers delegates who have set up
separate capital at Kronstadt.
The followers of Anatole Lamar
off, the young student who was re-
sponsible for the Kronstadt move
inent, have been warned that the
radicals must give up their efforts 20
estab lish a separate government or
take the consequences.
On June II. a meeting of the
pan Russian congress of delegates
will be held Lamanoff expects
sympathetic support from this or
garizatiOn.
Lamanoff calls himself president
and has outlined a policy for the
future government of Russia by
whichsthe country shall be split up
into separate districts. with liberties
so broad as for each TO constitute
nearly a separate country by itself
VI mister of War Kerensky, who
has Heea making a tour Of the front
exhor4 iffC he soldiers to continue
fighting until victory is won declares
that the power of the army is on
the increase despite the destruction
Of the old system Of discipline.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-06-04
No WAR BEARING
IN REVOLUTIONS
Trouble in China and Russia
Will Not Effect Entente
Program Belief.
national News service:

International News Service:
WASHINGTON. June 4.-Revolu-
tionary developments in Russia and
China will not expedite the end OF
the present world war They can
not affect the program of the enc
mics OF Germany.
Officials were extremely confident
OF this fact today. The Russian sit
uation. while very serious. was ex-
pected TO work itself out along lines
which will keep that nation at least
nominal enemy OF the central
powers The Chinese situation still
is predetermined. There is almost a
complete lack of official information
as TO developments. 1t seems GER
tain that Prest Ii Yuan Hung will
be forced TO go. But all the infor-
nation reaching this city is 10 the
effect that the newly organized mill
tarist provisional government has
the backing OF the Japanese gov
ernraent and should IL successfully
seize the reins OF power il will not
give any comfort 70 Germany or her
allies.
The Chinese revolution is over
Swallowed by the Developments IN
Russia. Every effort IS being made
by French and British representa-
tives in Petrograd to impress upon
The provisional Russian government
that IL must present a united front
10 the common enemy. This infiu-
ence will be greatly increased with
the arrival Of Elihu Root and the
members OF the American joint high
commission.