Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1917-02-21

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cannot he surprised. He Is ever ready
to ACCEPT challenge. and once In ac-
tioa he must not wilt cut OF the most
appalling situation. says the New York
sun.
Qualities Of q Commander.
There Is much mystery about the
submarine commander The Germans.
who should know. have written moth
Ing about him. Cur official and au-
thenfic knowledge II due to Italian
naval authorities. He Is. they assert
with truth, machine. but more than
q military machine. ard teehnical
knowledge and mechanical skill are
not all lie Is ever fighter. but he Is
not holly fighter. He has prudence
aud singular patience. He Is hot mas
tered by the dust and detail Of the
moment, but looks calmly and serious
ly at great actions. thinking. planning
.Snd, above all. seeing into the future
This Is the secret Of his success. OF his
magnetism and his firm hold on the
ima gination and will OF his crew.
He appears TO be little known. This
truth Is the theme of an authoritative
essay ON the physique and training Of
the officers and men Of a submarine
which appears In the current number
OF the Annan di Medicina Navale.
The commandments part IL perhaps
the most difficult work In the whole
range OF naval warfare. The manage
ment Of such delicately balanced
mechanism makes q tremendous de-
mand upon the mental and physical
powers OF its operator. The following
is description Of the kind Of being
upon whom the safety OF the craft, the
safety Of the crew and Of numberfess
people In passenger ships depends.
Great Mental Strain.
Admiralty orders assign to q sub
marine tthe context shows that q YES
sci Of about LOO tons u meant two
chief officers. eommandant and an
officer to take his place. During sub
mergence the commandant has control
Of several complicated mechanical con-
nections. He has to regulate the speed.
keep the ship level. attending to the
depth and course For every attack he
has these things to look after: Poise
and launch the torpedo, read and re-
read the objects In the redectors Of the
periscope. 1t Is evident that the brain
Is thus subject to an extraordinary IA
tigue which cannot be continued for
any length OF time How many mystic
rious losses are due to brain flag. to the
smallest thing going wrong with the
officers vision or nerve? The eyes are
apt to grow tired. the sight to become
dim. owing to the strain Of looking into
the glass OF the periscope by the feeble
light Of the tossing. endless waters. II
one eye be used the light IL perhaps
better employed, and In this way stron-
ger but monocular vision tires more
quickly than the vision Of two eyes.
Soon the limit Of endurance Is reached
through the great bodily and eye
strain"
In the crew Of the submarine there
must be technical experts to attend to
the torpedoes, the electric motors, the
steering gear, the horizontal planes,
the machinery for letting In air or ex-
polling water; there are electricians,
hremen. oilers, polishers and others
more like the sailors Of ordinary times.
German sailors Of this type whom the
writer has seen were remarkably deft,
with facile neatness that seemed In
compatible with such merciless employ
ments. They were quick and light,
qualities that are indispensable to men
who must overcome two physical
forces-the pressure of the air, which
tends to rise In submarine under wa
ter, and the blood pressure and temper