davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-03-30

Hughes. secretary Of the Detroit
Athletic club. chairman; Henry T,
Ewald. president OF the Campbell
EwAld company; Lee Anderson.
vIoe-president OF the Hupp Motor
Car corporation: A. p Ewing. gen.
eral manager OF the Highland Park
state Bank OF Detroit: c. c. Win.
ningham. advertising manager OF
the Hudson Motor Car company:
Edward Fitzgerald. secretary 70
Mayor MARI: ". c. Walker, OF
Walker a Company: Harry w Ford.
president OF the Saxon Motor Car
corporation: Joseph Meadon. prest
dent OF the Franklin Prees; r. lie
Roy Pellstier. advertising counsel:
A. n Jewett. OF the Ford Motor
Car company: Scott Hughes OF the
J, l.. Hudson company; Joseph Mack
OF the Joseph Mack Printing house;
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-03-30
WAR WOULD
NOT HALT ~
CAMPAIGN
Quest for Million to 60
On Even In Face
of Conflict
NEED is GREAT
FOR BRANCHES
General Chairman
Larned Announces
Committees

WIN the Y NJ. C. A. campaign
TO- 81 .oOO. 900 for the building II
new branches turnout Greater De-
trolt b. halted n the nation should
rrd itself IN a state % war,
This Is one question that has been
asked numerous times since lt was
announced that the big movement
would be launched on April 90. With
the determination TO acquire the de-
sired sum within seven days
The answer a. an emphatic
mo" Furthermore. the need Of "a
more extensive field OF activity will
be greater II war comes. Il Is ey-
planned. Tor the work OF the ~
has been 10 build up the character
the body. and the patriotic spirit oi
young men which. after all is The
foundation on which rests The IN.
cheney and snccess Of an organized
body OF hghting men
This Is the opinion OF Philip ~.
Gray. president OF the association
A.onzo p Ewing. treasurer. and On
A c. Stnder. metropolitan secre.
tsry.
The work which the Y. VI G. \.
has done tn developing the loyalty.
patriotism and character OF young
men will BE- o. inesumable value T..
in the end. our men must be called
on TO serve the nation" said DR..
Studer. Next TO the war itself.
%, biggest hing IN Europe today
IL the work that is being done by
the Y. VI. c. A for some 100000
men in the trenches. In the midst
OF slaughter and conditions which
DO not tend 20 uplift the averag
man. morally. spiritually or physi-
caliy. the Y NJ G A. has done a
noble work In administering TO the
needs OF the soldiers. This work =
carried on here in peace times. and
Il cannot be dropped even temper
AIRY For FIVE years, We have
planned on extending our work into
all parts OF the city by establishing
branches. II was Eve years ago
that the hrst delegation from Hisi--
land PARK came 10 the association
,lf-HrsF and ASKED rhat q branch be-
built here
We have never ceased TO WORK
or the DEVELOPMENT o. our plan.
When Michigan went dry last No
vember ve realized more than ever
before that something must Be done
TO furnish a clean substitute for
the saloon Our branches and the
smaller branches which VIII De
gathered around them in various
neighborhoods will solve the prob
lem. They will furnish the anus"
ment. the exercise. and the com
p, nionship young man desires.
and in addition provide him with
means OF reading AMI studying or q
/ acquiring a technical education thar
viii make him better able 10 hold
/ bis place in the world With the
/ Price 81 building materials and
wages on the Increase. 81 O0o 600 Is
a conservative amount for such a
I project. and We know that Detroit.
prosperous and awakened 20 new
Spirit Of civic loyalty vii stand bv
Us In this movement
President Gray has announced the
appointments % The following com.
m.tteemen who viii work With Gen
eral Chairman Abner r iarned
Campaign committee Harry T.
/ Pierson. vice-president OF tho Nay
| lor Pierson. Hough company. Rich
arc n. Weber. a. A. Higginson
Philip " Gray ard Dr A. O.
Studer
Publicity committee Charles 4
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-03-30
|fRICk ASKS
FOR 10 MORE
INSPECTORS
Local immigration
Chief Prepares to En-
force New Law
MANY PROBLEMS
ARE PRESENTED
Much Confusion Will
Result, Is the Pres
ent Outlook

Foreseeing a great increase in the
amount Of work 10 be- done after
the new immigration act. with it,
lteracy test. goes into effect. G.
oliver Prick. chief United States
immigration Inspector in Detroit.
has applied TO his headquarters in
Nashington for an Increase In the
number OF inspectors for ibis dis,
tIict. which will almost double The
force IL IL is allowed. There are
now % inspectors In Detroit. and
FIick has asked for IS more
The increase II necessary. not
orly because Of the increased work
required because OF the llterary
test. but also because OF a change
affecting the entrance OF persons
from Canada.
Under the old law, head tax OF
81 is imposed on persons entering
frUm Canada. but an exemption Ia
msde for those who have lived one
year or more In the Dominion. The
new act requires that a head tar OF
s. be paid by all aliens entering
from Canada. AS the act now
stands. all persons who come n
even temporarily are required to do
post the Zee. They are given r.
I, nd slip. which insures them the
return Of their money II they gu
back to Canada within the specified
time. 30 days
What Is TO b. done with the
n ousands OF Canadians who come
q Detroit 20 work each day. in a
problem which government officials
are now working on. Latest reports
have II that Identification cards
bearing the full description and
photograph OF the daily commutei
VII be issued However no def
mite decision on this phase OF the
problem has been reached as yet
According 20 Mr.. Prick. a vast
smoun4 Of work with be required 80
catch hundreds OF foreigners who
VIII try TO gain entry into this eouh-
Try from Canada by stating that
they are here Temporarily To
distinguish between these and the
Comedian residents who come her
10 work. or shop, or play. is one
OF the big uroblems which confront g
the immigration inspector,
Before classincations are made.
it will become necessary 20 halt al
most every person who crosses the
river 10 Detroit.
The literAcy test also will entail
much more work on the part OF the
inspectors. syrians Poles. Italians
and French-CanadiRns come into
this country via Windsor by ths
hundreds each year Many OF thes,
and many OF other nationalities arc
unable 10 read or write. Mr. Fries
realizes that there win be greatei
demand for the services 81 exper'
Interpreters. and be IL considerin.
this in making his demands 10
more assistants
\ Il expect there will be some dit
hcuIty when the law goes into Fl
feet May l." said Mr.. Prick. "bu
with an increased force Of inspec,
ors. we soon will have things We.
ir. hand"
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-03-30
UDGE GIVES GIRL
LASH, NOT VERDICT

NEW YORK. March 'q.--Judge
Falter Darlington cabelI. walking
30 the bench In PAssaie, N. J.. aft
g. o<tidink a case against nve.year.
- Daisy canici. OF No. 80 Monroe
~. handed the little girl a roll OF
PIE. HE had been touched by the
ABBY condition Of the child
The girl sued A. a J. Friedman
~ damages resulting from being
}tn over In front of her home BY
- automobile truck. Judge Cabell
eided against her claim an q mat.
- Of law.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-03-30
IlYOR TO LAY
CORNERSTONE
cemony AT New Salvation
Army Rescue Home Hospi-
n VIII Be Elaborate

Tke cornerstone OF the Salvation
<>my Rescue home and hospital
! West Fort-st and the Boulevard.
IN be laid. Sunday afternoon. al
O'Clock. The stone will be placed
Mayor Marx.
4 CksrIes IA. clifford. general chair
- o. the mems advisory commit
&a. viii be In charge OF the eere-
nonies, and the speakers viii in
Nd Mrs. william Alvord. first
epresident of the woman's auxil-
~: Henry M. Leland. OF the men 3
mmittee: Alexander NJ. Damon.
Pnlian 3. Barker and Margaret
Stll. all OF the New York branch
fhe Salvation army. The Citadel
ND viii furnish music.
xs. Grace Bull Mofatt's gift OF
w old Bull homestead and grounds
1e possible the erection OF the
IN Rescue home-hospital. The
Mr. building will cost about $50.
II viii accommodate about 1876
guons Its aim 10 to provide shell
protecfion and training for IN
ofe young girls and women.
Hrwell m Tor infants and children
IT, rsms into the world under al.
- circumstances.
= committee Of weil-knovn De
Dpst ineA and women win raise the
ND 10 equip the building Con
fbafions from the public will be
|elcomed and may be made to
11hArd p. Joy. National Bank of
~ oficers' convention OF the
1ohisan and indiana province OF
~ salvation army win be held
bnday IA s--..,-- .s-.s. aRrfa 7 and
= shr Citadel The convention
|Ii Dc kpresided over by Colonel
5111nm Pesrt, chief secretary o;
- army forces in the eastern
ntes and among the leading speak
- viii be Colonel Alexander NJ
Dnon Of New York. and Colonel
= KimbaII Of Detroit Sessions
the convention VIII be held Mon
" afternoon and evening. ans
nesdsy morning and afternoon
pmmissioner Mapp viii give an Il
strsted lecture on Japan" Tues
" evening
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-03-30
Ring rssrs on His Finger.

NEWCASTLE. Wye. March ~
v. N. Johnson. OF Howard, while
Jumping from hsyrack TO the
ground the other afternoon. had the
misfortune to lose ringer Mr..
Johnson's ring became caught in
nail when he jumped, and the
nEser was torn completely on AZ
the first Joint He Was AZ once
brought TO town to have his anger
attended TO. and a physician ampu-
tated the member AZ the second
joint
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-03-30

John Debinski. Tho Paid
$4,000 for Injuries. Award
ed $4,000 More by Jury

A Jury In Judge Ccilingwoods
court Tnursday afternoon returned
a verdict for $4,000 In favor OF the
Albert A. Albrecht company against
the whitehead a Kalss Tron works,
in a suit which is believed 10 have
tet a precedent for Michigan In
wCrkmen's compensation litigation
The case In he outgoowth Of an
accident which befell John Dcbinski.
an employe OF the Albrecht com
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-03-30

- .
"A q = boy ere not
- en- e boolss or ser-
- Thy ere built out
80 tlsnt supply IN well
rnnpod proportion and m
1colD1s firm sveryneeded
no11G. These elements
= n Shreddsd Wheat
k, . real whole wheat
4 which contains all the
Dterial for building the
nan body. A perfect food
y growing youngsters.
= crispness encourages
ogough chewing which
uvolUps sound teeth and
Hnalthy gums. Children like
: md thrive on II. II IS
1ody-cooked and ready-to
~. For breakfast or any
Iii with milk or cream.
@1nde at Niagara Falls, N. Y.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-03-30
Evening Up

Mrs. Newlywed-"If you hadnt
made mo dent this cream pitcher by
throwing II AZ you We might give "
10 Belle and Jack when they ge'
married"
Mr.. Nevlyved-"Give n 10 them
by all means Jack introduced us
and Belle gave us the pitcher n
will be retributive justice,
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-03-30
DETROIT TIMES

John ?. Keys. OF the Detroit United
railway: NJ. j. Adams. OF William A.
Neer a Company; William s. Pow
er. of Power. Alexander A Com
pSny. and r. C. Fowler, Detroit CITY
Gas company.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-03-30

easy. natural way. without gripping
or other pain or discomfort.
Druggists everywhere sell Or
Caldvells Syrup Pepsin for City
cents a bottle To avoid limitations
and Ineffective substitutes De sure
you get Dr Csldwelrs Syrup Pepsln
See that fac-simile OF Dr, Caldwelis
signature and HE portrait appear on
the yellow carton In which the bot
tie b packed a trial bottle. free of
charge. can be obtained By writing
TO Dr. ". r. Caldwell. f55 Washing
ton ST.. Monticello Illinois
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-03-30

rany. who vas struck on the back
By a failing rirder whsch vss heinz
erected by the iron works. psein.
ski obtained. under tbs conpsnsa-
ton oct. slo per week FOR toc weeks.
and his employer paid this sum.
The Aibrecht company sued the
whitehead q Males company for Shs
$4,000 h paid TO Dsbinski and such
other damages 40 misst b awarded
to Dsbinsh The jury decided that
$1,000 was not sufnoient and AIDED
the additional $4,000 for pain and
sufferinS"
So far a. could be learned. this 10
the nrvt time such action has been
taken In this state. II probably wffl
result In q test case before the su-
prems cowrt
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-03-30

"a a conference OF Rotary clubs Of
~ England and Eastern Canada
to be held today at Providence.
l.. under the auspices OF the
otary club OF that city.
The Detroit times. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1903-1920, 1917-03-30
LOCKED UP So
TIMES, GOES TO
WORKS AGAIN

Prank Benson. Who gave his se-
drsss - No. ne ststess., admitted
before Police Justice Sellers THUR
day tina, he had been arrest
ed % timss. His rsecrd Of al
ssnses 10 confined to Ample larceny.
begging. drunkenness and vauancy
He was arrested wednesday nixht
fU bssxinS. he was sent 20 the
Detroit House OF Correction once
more. for a so-day term.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-01-13
Busy Week For Members
of Market So. Presbyterian

The Rev. DIR. George Edward Hawes,
pastor of the Market Square Presby-
terian church, will preach in the morn
ing on Helped to Become Rich" and
in the evening "DisposinS of the Dead
Who Are Not Dead" The morning Of
fering will be for be for aid to colleges.
At the communion service last Sunday,
which was one of the largest mid
winter communions ever held in the
church., thrty-four new members were
received, making a present total of 1889
Monday afternoon the Advanced Light
Bearers will meet at 4.3O o'clock. Miss
Dorothy Davis will lead the meeting
The subject will be The MeXicans in
the United States"
Tuesday afternoon at 2.30 o'clock the
Mission Study class viii meet. Mrs. r.
W., Fair will present the second chap
ter of the book, "Old Spain in New
America" Mrs. Detweller and Mrs. Hor-
ace Chayne will be the hostesses.
Tuesday evening at 1850 o'clock the
Young Womens Missionary Society will
meet. Mrs. j. B. Carruthers will talk
on China. Mrs. a. h. johnson, of New
bloomfield, the PresbyterIal treasurer,
VIII speak on Our Home Treasury"
lar mld-week prayer meeting, after
winch the monthly meeting OF the offi-
GERS and teachers of the sunday school
Will be held. The superintendent, Judge
). j. NJ. McCarrell, VIII preside.
Thursday from 1890 to 400 the w.
Z. L. u. Will mold day of prayer for
national constltutlonaI prohibition. The
tull program for the evening Is: at 745
John 5. Splcer, of the department
OF Labor and Industry, will give a
lecture on The Conservation of human
Life and Happiness" which Will be il
lustrated with a number of slides and
several reefs of movies"
Friday afternoon at 800 o'clock the
Home Missionary society win meet. Mrs
w. Il. SchelIer Will give an account OF
the way in which me Home Mission
enterprise is financed. Mrs. a. M Lind
say and Mrs. A. L. Geyer will be the
hostesses.
The Boy Scouts will hold a meeting
at 700 o'clock Friday evening. The
Lochiel Mothers meeting Will be held
in the Calvary church at 1.30. Saturday
morning at 1890 o'clock Mrs. Herman
Miller and her assistants will conduct
the sewing school.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-01-13

LUTHERANS PLAN
FOR BIG JUBILEE
Will Celebrate 400th Anniver-
sary of Beginning of
Professionalism

Lutheran churches in all parts of
the country, celebrating the 400th an
niversary of the beginning of Prot
estantism by Martin Luther, are MAX
ing big preparations for the Jubilee
year.
Much interest has been aroused in
literature concerning the Sixteenth
century. In some of the church
libraries arrangements have been
made for special case in which dis
plays will be made of all literature
pertaining to Luther and the Prot
estant Reformation.
One of the features of the work
during the Jubilee year will be an eff
fort to add 500, 900 members to the
communicant membership. Personal
evangelistic methods are urged by the
pastors of churches to make this q
success.
Miss Elsie Singmaster Lewars, of
Gettysburg, has written by request,
an interesting volume on the life of
Luther. 1t has just been publish ed
and has attracted wide attention
among literary critics. Miss Lewars
is the only girl in this State to be
honored at the time preparations are
under way for the anniversary cele-
bration.
In clearing the way for the New
Parkway in Philadelphia, two Luth-
eran Publication Houses were taken
over by the city. Both of these pub
lication houses are at the present time
in temporary quarters but are plan
ming for a possible combination of ef-
fort to produce along the New Park
way fine Lutheran Publication
House and office building as general
Lutheran headquarters for the coun-
try.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-01-13
News Items of Interest
in Central Pennsylvania

Lebanon. = Weigleys flour mill,
near Schaefferstown, was totally de-
stroyed to-day by fire. causing loss
of $4,000.
Gettysburg. Virginia's memorial
to General Lee is completed, ready for
dedication June /.
Spring Grove. - While attempting
to drive u goose into pen at his
home, j. f. Eisenhart, of Abbotts-
town, was viciously attacked, and be-
fore he could subdue the fowl it had
fractured several of his ribs.
Reading. - Mrs. Annie Wanner was
awarded $4,000 by jury in her suit
against the Philadelphia and Reading
Railway Company for the death of
her husband, Adam Wanner, who was
killed in his auto at grade cross
ing.
Sunbury. Alleging he was called
the biggest knocker' in the township,
Jacob e. Leisenring, a resident of
Ralpho township, and a former county
commissioner, has brought suit against
Thomas Clark, neighbor, in which he
seeks to recover $4,000 for the insult.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-01-13
SAMUEL WEBR DIES

Mechanicsburg, Pa, Jan. 13.-Sam-
uel Webb, a well-known resident of
Monroe township, died at his home on
Thursday evening, after a stroke of
paralysis. He was aged S3 years, and
was q Civil War veteran, serving in
the One Hundred and Forty ninth
Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers,
and the Second Regiment of Bucktails.
He was a member of Col. II. l. Zinn
Post, No. AIS, Grand Army of the
Republic. The following children sur
vive: Thomas j. Webb, of Mechanics
burg; Eli J. Webb, at home, and
George w. Webb, of SteeIton. The fu-
neral service will be held on Tues
day morning at 10 o'clock. Burial will
be made in the Mechanicsburg Gene
terry.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-01-13
AGED COLORED
MINISTER DIES
Rev.John Quincy Adams, Pic
turesque Character, Dies
at Age of 80

One of the most picturesque colored
men in the city, the Rev. John Quincy
Adams, aged so, retired Wesley Union
minister, died last night at his home
102 Cherry street. The Rev. Mr.. Adams
was well known to many of the old
Front street families, he being coach
man for the late Judge Pearson, from
1868 until 1912. He was born slave
in Winchester, Va, and lived there un-
til the time of the Rebellion of '6l,
when he came North and entered the
services of the late Judge.
The Rev. Mr.. Adams, after he was Il
years old. learned to read and write
He entered the ministry, and was
prominent in missionary work in the
city for a number of years; He retired
from the ministry number OF years
ago, and had been in i'll health since
an operation few years ago.
Funeral arrangements have not yet
been completed. The body will be sent
to Elmira. N. Y, for burial. He is sur
Vived by a sister living in Berfysyille,
Va; a niece living at the same place.
and nephew residing In Rochester
N. Y,
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-01-13
$16,OOO,O00 Loss in Big
Explosion at Arms Plant

New York, Jan. 13. = The fire and ex-
plosives which wrecked the plant of the
Canadian Car and Foundry Company at
kingsland. N. j., causing loss of S16,-
100000, were possibly IL not probably
of incendiary origin" according to a
statement issued by officials of the
company yesterday.
OF this total. $fO,Oo0.OOO consists of
shells and explosives owned by the
Russian Government The rest was in
destroyed property of the Canadian Car
and Foundry Company, of which half
was covered by insurance.
Until investigation is completed no
further statement will be made as to
what evidences of incendiarism have
been found, it was said by an officer
of the company.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-01-13
Water Supply Shortage
Alarms City of Lancaster

Lancaster. Pa, Jan. 13. - This city
had q scare yesterday, when it's water
supply was shut off through the freez-
ing of the Conestoga river.
The stream was low when the cold
wave arrived, and last night the water
on nine mill dams, on a twenty-mile
stretch above the city and at numer-
Gus other places in the stream, froze
to the bottom. The city's water works
pumps were useless, and the only re-
serve supply was that in the East End
reservoir. The serious situation alarm
ed the city authorities, and prepara--
tions were made to dynamite the ice at
various points. The shutting down of
the mills along the stream relieved the
situation by sending down enough
water to form channels through the
ice.
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-01-13
Assembly at Pine St. S. S.
Changed For Beginners Dept.

At the Pine Street Presbyterian
church, Tomorrow. the Rev. DIR. Nudge,
pastor Will preach at both the morning
and evening service. The topic in the
morning will be Learning Christ" and
In the evening Your Family Tree" The
musical program, which is always plan
ned TO add to the spiritual helpfulness
of the services, will be as follows:
Morning-Prelude. "Andante in c."
(Silas); Anthem, Rock of Ages"
(Buck); Offertory, "Reverie" (Strauss-
Rogers); Anthem. Dreams of Gallilee"
(Morrison); Postlude, "Allelulia +"
(Brosg).
Evening Prelude, Chant sans
paroles" (Lemare); Anthem, "The Lost
Sheep" (Foster); Offertory, "Adagio"
(LiszD solo by Mrs, ffertzler, How
Lovely Are Thy Dwellings" Uiddle) !;
Postlude, Moderate in ID" (SmarD.
On Wednesday evening at the mid
week service the topic will be "Prepar-
ing the Way"
The time for the opening of the e1e-
mentary grades of the Sunday school
has been changed from 1870 to LAO,
making the opening of the entire school
at the same time. Recent changes in
the organization of the school include
the election of Mr.. j. Frank Palmer as
superintendent of the junior department
and election of Miss Katherine l.. Coover
to be superintendent of the primary de-
partment and L. u. Gross as teach
'er of the James Mccormick Bible class
This class is the oldest mems Bible class
in the State.
The girls Bible class, taught by Miss
Patterson and Miss Robinson, has an
nounced series of special lessons, be-
ginning to-day and continuing through
the eighteenth of February. The series
on Friendship" includes the following
topics:
January IA, Mary of Bethany. The
True Friend" January 81, THE An
nointment by Mary" February L.
Friendship With Nature" Psalm 1874;
Friendship With Music" Luke 1:46:56
Friendship With Literature" Proverbs
Al. February II, Opportunities For
friendship" February is, Being a
Friend of God"
The home and foreign mission circle
meets on Friday evening in the social
room for an illustrated talk on China"
Harrisburg telegraph. [volume] (Harrisburg, Pa.) 1879-1948, 1917-01-13

j. f. Rutherford, member of the New
York City bar and a noted orator, will
make an address tomorrow afternoon,
at o'clock. in the Victoria Theater. on
why Do Nations War? The Cause?
What Will Be the Result?'
Mr.. Rutherford is an active lawyer in
New York City. He is one of the best
known layman Bible lecturers of the
present day, and has spoken in many
cities in all parts of the world.
Among the places where he made ad-
dresses are: Springfield, Mass; Basel,
switzerland; Birmingham, Eng; Stock
holm,. Sweden; Washington, Pa; An
napolis, Md.
The address in this city will be given
under the auspices of the Associated
Bible Students. No admission will be
charged