The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1917-08-02
Years Of War
Events Of 1917
Cermany's Violations Of Neu-
trail Rights Draws America
Into Entente Alliance With
Sea and Land Power

pregnnble and that the Russian drive
headed by BrusilofY Ia Bukowina ana
eastern Galicia was proceeding with
irresistible force toward the stokhod
and the Dniester.
Emphasis was given to the hopefui
view by Italian success on both fronts
In Austria. The great Austrian drive
which began In April and aimed NJ the
expulsion Of invading armies from
Trcntino had been checked. This was
a negative victory because the Aus
TRAN spoils had been heavy and the
demand on italian troops had inter
fered with ltaly's aggressive move
ments In the south, where the objective
of the Italians was Trieste. The for
titled town Of Goritz barred the way
from the Isonzo river toward Trieste
and after a long and costly siege II
fell ON Aug. 0. Still further progress
Of the allied cause In the southeastern
field laid fresh emphasis TO Won Hin
denburg's assertion that the war must
he fought out In the east. Russia was
making Roadway In Asia Minor, march
ing from bases In her home territory
with her armies backed up by her own
feet on the Black sea. This was real
" a strategic extension OF her new
line In Bukowina and Galicia.
Roumania Attacks German Rear.
Az matters stood then, the third
wear opened with serious outlook Tor
Germany. Verdun was untaken, ana
the allies had stormed the third Ger
man line on the Somme front, Brusi-
lofts Russian column had indeed been
checked on the Stokhod and Dniester,
but Its presence that far south on the
road TO Hungary compelled Austria to
keep a strong force north of the Car
nathan mountains Then came blow
which lifted the hopes Of the allies to
the highest pitch-Ronmania turned
upon the Teutons. The situation AZ
that time was as follows: The belliger-
ents were mt deadlock on the Somme
line, the Italians In Goritz, the sup
posed key to Trieste, and the allied col
umn from Saloniki moving north into
Macedonia to strike Bulgaria In the
rear was making progress. For the
moment II seemed the allies had the
advantage In that zone where the de-
cision was to be reached-the near
east.
Between Two Fires.
II was alleged that ROumania would
add 100000 men to the enemies OF Ger
many. Roumania's FIRST move scored
4 tactical victory. Her troops cross-
ed the frontier northward into Tran
sylvania, where they we're jotDed by q
Russian column, which marched west
ward, far OF on the southeastern nank
Of the Germans on the Dnieser.
Forcing the mountain passes, the
Roumanians captured Kronstadt and
Orsova, but the triumph was not for
long. A column Of Bulgars, Germans
and Turks, led by Won Mackensen'
crossed the Danube from the south
into Roumania, taking 10000 prisoners
In the first blow. Almost simultane-
ously Van Falkenhayn's mixed army
OF Germans and Austrians drove down
from the north upon the invading Rou-
manians, captured passes In their rear
and destroyed their armies. Kron-
stadt was recaptured. BY the middle
Of October the Roumanians were In
full retreat back over their border on
the north. On the south the Germnas
had captured the main Roumanian
port Of Constanza, forced the enemy to
evacuate Cernavoda, on the Danube,
and destroyed the bridge.
Collapse Of Roumania.
With the exception Of weak sup
port by her nearest ally. Russia, Rou-
mania got no direct help. Early In
November the allies launched new
grand attack on the Somme. and Fran
o-Servians attacked Monastir, on the
southern front. But neither OF these
diversions checked German progress In
Roumania. The northern column, com
ing down from Austria under Won Fal-
kenhayn. moved southeast into Rou-
mania and met composite force OF
Bulgas, Turks and Germans which
Won Mackensen was leading north
west, fifty miles west OF the Rouman-
ian capital, Bucharest In vain Russia
began new drive in the Carpathians,
The Roumanians, strong In numbers,
but weak In resisting power, were
overcome, and In the last week OF
1915 the Teutons were In Bucharest.
America In the War.
Two events Of sudden development
In the third year OF the war may have
q deciding infiuence--namely, the en-
trance Of the United States as an ally
Of the entente powers and the collapse
Of Russia's aggressiveness. During the
early months Of the year the submarine
dispute between this country and Ger
many quieted down. A boat brought |
the war into western Atlantic waters
by sinking neutral ships OF Nantucket
shoals in October, but the German
pledge TO safeguard neutral lives was
observed. On Dec. Y Germany and |
n :. ~ al usttp