Grand Forks herald. [volume] (Grand Forks, N.D.) 1916-1955, 1917-04-20
WORLD PEACE
DISCUSSED AT
BIG MEETING
American Academy Of Po-
litical and Social Science
in Session. an.
u. S. Must Champion Right
to be coqsulted-Want
Peace Without Force.

ternational law, declared Professor
Roland q. Usher, of Washington uni
versity. Of st. Louis. in an address on
OF International Right" at the annual
meeting here today OF the American
Academy Of Political and Social Sci
ence. \
International Law as observed in
practice" he asserted, ''consistA OF the
privileges which the six European
powers mutually extend to each 9TH
er and Of the obligations which they
recognize as binding between them-
selve, and: In addition; Of all such
privileges and immunities az they vol
UNFAIRLY extend to the other so-called
nations and Of the concessions which
they exact from them.
There can be no great doubt that
the result of this system Is to defns
American rights and American obi
cations In h terms OF European in
t%erests, and to place the decision in
the hands Of the six European powers
acting In concert. We have in prsc-
tee enjoyed such privileges as they
have granted. We have, with objec-
tons more or less violent n with
protestations more or less loud, been
compelled in the past to accept their
version of our obligations toward
them. Specific rights at sea, such ~
are at present in question, We have
commonly enjoyed, though We have
never been in, q position 10 exact Dr.
defend them.
Il must emphasize the inexpediency
Of resistance to the fundamental de-
cisions Of the great powers. They are
TOO definitely at one on the main pro-
portions Of the International situation,
and, when united, are too overwhelm-
ingiy powerful for US to think of suc-
cessful resistance. 30 long as this 10
the system and 70 long a the great
European powers unite to support 1t,
we must acquiesce in its existence.
II would impeach the system itself.
The International right America must
champion is the right to be consult
ed. the right to be considered in shap-
ing the basic and fundamental ele-
ments IN h international problem,
the right to. insist that tho interna-
tional hori1on shall be 30 broadened
as to include not only the affairs Of
Europe but those Of Africa, Asia and
America. The obligation Of America
in defense of international right az I
see it, is to insist that the definition
OF international right be international
in scope and International in purpose.
THE principle itself IL the vital
thing; that the United States IL a
necessary element Of the international
community to be consulted in all at
fairs Of Significance. This fact we
must maintain and this fact we must
"supeFnatonal Code"
A "supernatiQnAl code'' Of priuci-
pies to make peace self-enforcins was
outlined by Dr4 9. N. Patten Of the
University Of Pennsylvania, in an ad-
dress before the American Academy
OF Political n Social Science here
today. as a substitute for any attempt
to impose peace by force.
DR.. Patten was discussing "Ameri-
cas- relation to the world conflict and
presenting arguments in favor Of
code Of principles he proposed. he
said:
All decisions should be made by
popular vote. The western world
claims to be democratic and vet in no
nation is democracy trusted. Should
declarations of war be delayed until
ratified by popular vote, they would
not occur.
Home rule must accompany suf-
Irage to prevent national ma5orities
from expressing minorities., The an
tagonisms of race, culture, religion
and language could thus be avoided.
Freedom of the seas. The ocean
is a common heritage tina should be
IN the control Of no nation or group.
If England extends her blockade Of
Germany 100 miles from the German
coast, Germany should be allowed an
equal area about England to establish
ner submarine blockade, and we
should claim the same zone for our
coast defense. But other parts Of the
oceans should be open to all on EQUAL
terms. NO
N nation should be allowed to
enact export taxes on raw material.
The natural advantages are 80 un-
equally distributed that a virtual
slavery can be maintained IL some
world necessity we're controlled by
n nation or il q group Of nations
merce.
"A fair distribution Of tropical areas
among commercial nations. All ma
tlons need a tropical region to com
PIGMENT their home trade. There 4.
ten times the quantity of tropical land
10 meet this condition. Cuba could
Supply the sugar Of the world and
either Java or Brazil its coffee or
spices. Nations now monopolise land
.ney VIII never use. When land hun
be removed" "
10 these principles DR.. Patten add
ed fair dealing toward ali peoples. the
rlghting of wrongs before the an.
forcement Of claims, even though the
claims be Just, and the practice of
toleration and recognition Of Hhertv
in world decisions. '9ss
The world needs moi q dictator hut
some nation that lives up to the super
standard n thus shows the post
oiity OF a peaceful progress" declar-
ca Dr.. Patton. Should America he-
come such a people. avoiding tie
that suspicion ana hatred
eneendsr we would have a host Of I'M
THE League. to Enforce P..o.
seems an organization to promots
harmony and doubtless this "a ~
earnest wish Of the promotsrs. Rut
a average cittgin thinks OF ths an.
nculty it would create. II We srs "a
nave an enforced peace America must
ENFORCE 1t. Who can tell what mil.
nom OF men ana billions Of money
VIII De needed 10 impress our stanG
ards On the world 2" -
SECURITIES ON
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