davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-14
First an Accidental Battle

Nor is il less interesting to remember
that this Battle of Ypres, the first en-
counter was an accidental battle, like
gettysburg; neither the British nor the
Germans expected to meet here, as Lee
and Meade had no intention of fighting a
decisive battle at Gettysburg. Both were
engaged in great operations of their own,
both had to abandon their plans, and TINS
first conflict about the old Flemish town
marks the end of a war of movement;
henceforth to the present hour the war IN
the West has been war of trenches.
On October IA. 1914, the first British
troops came to Ypres. They comprised
The immortal Seventh Division. command
ca by General Rawlinson, which mad
landed at Ostend few days before ana
Lad covered the retreat Of the Belgian
amy, aided by some French formations
At tins moment the Belgians, closely fol-
lowed by General Won Besseler's arr1y'
which had taken Antwerp and was ad-
ysncing along the coast roads, were al
ready near the User line, which they were
10 hold, and French troops were being
rallied up from the south TO support them
Bad as was the condition Of the Belgian
army, it was still Extraordinarily, as the
result proyed-that it would be able to
hold the User line.
AT this moment the Allied High Com
mand believed that between the German
army approaching the User and the north
ern end Of the main German front, which
now extended from Switzerland to Lille,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-14

Expeditionary Army
Died to Save First
Battle-CanadianS
Immortal Heroes
Of Second
Copyright I9l7-The Tribune Association

Almost all the high ground was low
lost. All the salvage Of the First Battle
of Ypres, defended with such great gal
lantry and obstinacy, was surrendered
Second Ypres had been far more costly
than the First in territory given up, al
though it must be remembered that for
this the British were not responsible. II
was the collapse of the French, under the
first gas attack Of the war, that precipi-
tated the disaster. Yet even this was a
small solace for the Allied publcs, which
had expected news of great victory, both
in the East and in the West, and in the
same hour read of the Dunajec and the
surrender of all the ground made memora-
ble in the First Battle Of Ypres.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-14
Moral Losses Of Germany

BY May 13 the Second Battle OF Ypres
closed. The German purpose had been ac-
complished; there had been greater sue
cess than in the earlier attack, but the pur-
pose of the April operation was far less
colossal than that Of the October cam.
paign. Then the road 10 Calais had been
sought. Now the Germans aimed merely
to weaken the Allied offensive to the
southwark by drawing from it men. mu-
ritions and guns. They sought also 10 i'm
press the neutral nations, Italy most OF
all, with their great strength on both
fronts. This strength was proven but
Italy was already lost. and the use Of the
poison gas served to arouse the indigna-
ton Of all nations outside the Central Al
lance. 1t was one more circumstance in
the indictment of civilization against Ger
many. After Ypres quarter was neither
given nor taken for many months on the
ipres front, and before very long the
Germans, in their turn, were compelled
to endure the suffering incident to a gas
attack.
Without the gas the German success
would have been unlikely As it was, the
success was limited and the moral conse-
quences evil in the extreme for the Ger
mans. The sinking Of the Lusitania while
the Second Battle Of Ypres was still pro-
ceeding was instantly associated in all
minds with the crime of the poison gas.
And just as the Zeppeins were the best
recruiting agency in Britain, German saw
agery reused Canada to new effort. and in
the first three years Of the war more than
100000 Canadians crossed the sea to fight
in Flanders and Artois
Such, briefly, is the history of the origin
ana DEVELOPMENT OF the Ypres salient. In
the First Battle of Ypres the Germans,
attacking east Of the town. mainly on
either side of the Menin Road gained the
nils of Wytschaete and Messines. In the
second they took the Pilkem Ridge at the
o.her side of the salient. Henceforth they
held 1t as in wise between these two
ridges until June and August, 1917. when
the British first retook Wytschaete and
MessInes, and then, with the aid Of French
divisions, swept the Germans off the Pill
KEN Ridge, retook Phkem, Bixschoote,
Langemarck and st. julien, and thus abol-
ished the whole salient Until this time
the Ypre5 salient remained the worst
point on the whole Allied front, and for
long period there was sharp debate in
British military circles a TO the advisa-
bility of holding Ypres o. retiring 10 the
hills behind il, Scharpenberg and KENNEL.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-14
Bloody Salient Before
Ypres the Greatest
Landmark in All
British Military
/ History
Bv FRANK II. SIMONDS
Author Of The World Wsr," They Shall
Not Pass

. Two weeks ago endeavored to set forth
the geographical circumstances of the
Ypres country. with view to explaining
the operations now going forward in the
rresent battle. which is the third and
mightiest Of the "Wipers" conflicts. Be-
yond all question "Wipers' is TO be the
great landmark in British military history
hereafter. ard it has seemed TO me worth
while now, OF the anniversary of the first
conflict. TO recall briefly the events of the
conflict which was the most considerable
and costly in all British history up to
1915. In 1914 Britain fought the First
Battle without overseas aid. In the Second
Rattle the blunt was borne by the Cana
dams: in the Third, now going forward,
Australia is on the line held by Rawlin-
sons Seventh Division in the terrible clos
inr DAYS Of October, 1914. Thus in British
imperial history the Ypres campaigns are
equally 20 have an enduring place. Finally
the ever growing Importance of the present
struggle and the steady temperance of
old names give a contemporary value to
a past conflict For these reasons Imean
to review once more the history of Ypres
Salient, concerning which | have never
written in detail before. setting forth
views ] obtained while with the British
army myself last winter.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-10-14
Hills Merely Gentle Swells

The geographical outline of the country
! have described in the previous articles.
II is only necessary to recall that Ypres
is situated in a basin wellnigh surrounded
by low hills. aad that these hills on the east
constitute the Messines-Zonnebeke Ridge
the scene of the main struggle in the First
Battle. and on the north the Gravenstafel-
Ilkem Ridge, the prize of the Second Bat
lie. Both sets Of hills we're won back prac-
tically in their entirety in June, August
and September of the present year.
But in thinking of these hills the Ameri-
can must remember that they are hardly
more than gentle swels, suggestive rather
of the prairies of our own West than of
the rugged New England or New York
country. ANY one who has visited the
battlefield of Waterloo will recall his sur
prise at finding hills referred TO in all
battle histories as important actually
little more than mounds A similar I'M
preston would come with visit to the
Npres battle-ground.
With this qualification in mind, how
ever. it is still essential to recognize that,
;pconsiderable as these elevations are, they
PLAYED decisive part in three of the great
conflicts Of this war and in the most
dramatic battle Of British history. Beside
Hill 3O4, or Dead Mans Hill, or the Douau-
mont Plateau at Verdun they are nothing.
Wytschaete, the highest, is barely $50 feet
high. against 1000 feet for Dead Mans
Hill and 1900 feet for Douaumont, yet the
Verdun hills were not more bitterly con-
tested. lost with more regret or recaptured
with more satisfaction.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1917-04-04

cur as the result Of death, resignation,
or removal, the civil service commits
sion will hold open competitive exam
nations. The name of the highest
eligible candidate will then be sub
mitted to the president"
The postmaster generals statement
is taken to mean that ostmastcrs who
are rendering good service will not
be affected either during the terms
they are now serving, or at the cxpira-
ton Of those terms, though there Is
some doubt on this point. The state
mont says: incumbent postmastcrs
rendering good service and who con-
tinuc to administer the affairs Of their
fices with ability will not be disturbed
in such Offices by any recommendation
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1917-04-04

made by the head Of the department.
1t is due them, however, at this time
to make it clear that hereafter super
visory officials Of the department. will
be moro eXacting in the enforcement
OF those postal rules and regulations
which mako for increased efficiency
and postmastcrs will not only be ex-
pectcd to devote their time during office
hours to a proper administration of
be required to thoroushly acquaint
themselves with the various postal ac-
tvitics under their charge and in the
future to occupy such part of their
time not properly given TO admins
trativc work to the performance OF
some part of those activities" SPAR
tanburg Herald.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1917-04-04
MEANING OF RECENT
POSTOFFlCE RULE

Sweeping OF Thousands OF POStmnSters
Into Civil Service Will Not Termin.
ate Services OF POStmaSterS Now In
Service.
Washington, ID. c., April 2.-Thc
opinion seems to prevail in Washington
among those in touch with the situa-
ton that the sweeping of thousands of
first. second and third class postmas-
ter5 into the civil service will not op-
crate to terminate the services Of
postmaStcrs already in the service \
statement that is scmi-onicial says:
"Incumbents Of Office are not affected,
but in the future when vacancies Oc-
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1917-04-04

lb Sulphur (worth 1Oc) Be
y Nutmegs, (worth 10c) .. III. SC
nice Countcrpanc S125
Lace Curtains .... ;. 48c, 75c, 98c to $1.98
25c quality Table Oil Cloth zoe
large Bowl and Pitcher .. .S125
! covered Steak Dish 45c
! Coffee Mill ~. .... III. 25c and 69c
spools (good) Thread &c
! spool best Thread ... ~ . SC
3 boXc. Matches 800, l-2OO) III. 1Oc
cans Spotcss Cleanser and Brush
ffcc .... .... .. 25c
! big jar Vasolmc 1Oc
] jar NASOlnc 6c
! cake Williams Shaving Soap &c
cake Tar Soap .... ~. SC
25c can Colgate's Talcum Power 15c
l5c can good Talcum Powder ~. 10c
10. can Airfloat Talcum Powder !. 19c
Special values in Hand Towels &c, 1Oc,
Special values in Silk Ribbon, per -
yard .:::. DC, &c, 10c to 35c
fO-lnch Sea Island ~. Sc
Druid II Sea Island bcst) .:.. 1920
SPECIAL VALUES IN SPRING DRESS
GOODS LAWNS, VOILES AND SILK
STRIPED. WIDE STRIPED SKIRT
ING AND SILKS. GINGIIANIS, PER
GALS, CITEVIOTS, TICKING, TABLE
DAAAASK, CURTAIN GOODS, FLY
NETTING.
WE HAVE TIE BIGGEST LINE OF
SHOES, SLIPPERS, SANDALS AND
FOOTWEAR FOR THE WHOLE FAM
lily. BRING THEN IN AND FIT 'EM
UP.
$l.50 Mems Ovcralls Gndigo Blue) $125
6oc value Mems Work Shirts 5Oc
Big line of Mems Dress Shirts going
at .. 49,. 48c, 65c, 75c, 98c, $126
1000 pairs Mems Pants bought be-
fore the advance, going now at 98c,
$126, $148, $1.75, on up to $498
for the $3.50 kind
Big line Boys Knee Pants going at
39c, 48c, 69c on up to I'LL. ... $198
BEAUTIFUL LINE OF MILLINERY
SHAPES, FLOWERS, RIBBONS AND
TRIMMED HATS. OUR PRICES ARE
so Low YOU CAN AFFORD TO BUY
TWO HATS THIS SEASON. COME AND
LOOK THEM OVER. WE LEAVE TT
TO YOU
MEMS STRAW AND PANAMA HATS
AND PALM BEACH SUITS FOR
SPRING AN DSUN1MIGR DRESS.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1917-04-04

of Vienna and re-pub-'
lished here, caused an unusual sensa-
ton In the Dutch press. The remarks
of Count Czernin are generally inter-
preted in Holland as being new
peace proposal for general confer
ence of all the bclligerents without the
interruption of hostiities and the en-
abling Of conversations without the
loss Of military or political advantage.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1917-04-04
PEACE PROPOSALS
ANEW BY AUSTRIA
Such is Interpretation in Holland of
trO-lIungarlan Minister'S Speech.

London, April 1.-Reuter's Amsterdam
correspondent says that semi-oGcial
Berlin telegram states that in German
political circles the following view
is taken of the interview with Count
C%ernn, the Austro-Hungarian foreign
minister, in the Fremdenblatt in
which he was quoted as saying that
the Entente could conclude an honor
able peace and that the proposal of the
Central Powers for peace conference
still held good.
I'VE joyfully greet the frant utter
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1917-04-04

a Spring Is the most important fac
tor in the comfort of your bed. If you
Of your sleep you will pay for 1t in
fagged-out days and shortened years.
Try Victor and see the difference.
S. M. & Il. III. WILKES &c co.
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1917-04-04

J Guitar fine toned instrument . $293
large cake Glyccrinc Toilet Soap &c
] nice Pocket Memoranda Book &c
> cakes fine Toilet Soap ... :. 1Oc
! box Shoe Backing -. " sc
I Twists Tobacco (old timc) 25c
cakes best Laundry Soap -. .... 25c
pkgS. (fnll h. best Soda 25c
2 cakes (Polo) Laundry Soap ...... SC
t pkgS. Ccllulold Starch 15c
8 plugs good Tobacco .. ~ 25c
! b. Smoking Tobacco (goo,D .... 25c
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1917-04-04

FULL LINE OF FLOWER POTS, JAR
DINERS AND CHURNS.
WINDOW SHADES, CURTAIN POLES,
RUGS, TRUNKS, SUIT CASES.
package Envelopes " Be
can Spotlcss Cleanser, fine for house
cleaning .... ~. ... ~: . SC
] box Lustcr Cleaner for cleaning
brass, silver, mirrors, white shoes
and general house cleaning -. :. 10c
| can llosuchold Paint or Stain ... 10c
Curry Comb .... .... III. .... 10c
] Buggy Whip (6 foot) ..... 15c
Other Whips .... .... 25c, 39c 48c 75c
Horse Brush . ~. 49,. . 10c
Balls Thread ~. -. .... ~. &c
] double Roll Wall Paper ... ... 15c
lb. Epson Salts (worth l0c) -. :. &c
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1917-04-04

ances of the well-tried leader and the
Austro- Hungarian policy. They will
doubtless contribute to dissipate ru-
mors which the enemy is circulating
that the Central Powers are Interested
in Russian reaction ana are willing
to assist ii to return to power. Count
Czernin thus closely adheres to the
utteranccs Of Chancellor Won Beth
-Hollweg in the reichstag. 1t
lies now with Russia to reply to these
clear and mmistakable utterances of
the German and Austrian statesmen"
The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1917-04-04

The Hague, April 1.-THE important
Interview with Count CZernin Won
Chudnitz, the Austro- Hugarian foreign
minister, printed in the semi-onicial
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-08-16

the members of two social clubs, "the Cautac" and the "Stab who were: Misses Esther Kennedy, Mary Cunning ham, Lillian Jenkins, Bertha Weaver, Drucilla Dover, Maxine and Cozette liar ris, Mrs S. H. Harris, Messrs. William Cunningham, o. D. Harris Pete Davis, Herbert Baum, Fred Jones, Herbert Mahn, John Cobb, Arthur Snider, Charles West, Hofford Todd, Rollo and Harry Stienmehl, Bryson Aird, John Kirchier, Rollo Sparkman, Marion Hggan.
 %'H
 Mrs. H. H. K. Jefferson will entertain a few friends at an informal tea this aft Lillian Lathram of Tuscaloosa, who is her guest.
 Miss Emily Harrison, entertained a few friends last evening at her home, com plimenting her guest, Miss Delaware Kemper of Louisiana.
 Mrs. w. T. Brewer and Miss Vera Mae Brewer entertained at a shower yester- day afternoon at their home in East Lake, complmenting Miss Mary Mable Mccullough, birde-elect.
 The living room was adorned with pink astor and Miss Vera Mae Brewer presided at the punch bowl on the porch. The bride was presented with many lovely gifts they being brought in in a wagon decorated with bright blossoms by Little Miss Emma James, Gladys Norris, and Olivia Prescott. During the afternoon the guests entered into contest hem ming dish towels.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-08-16
Weather of Past Week
 Very Favorable to Cotton

Washington, August 15.-The weather during the past week was generally ta- vorable for work in the cotton fields, says the weekly weather and crop bulle tin, issued today by the department agriculture, and good pfogress was mat in cultivation over the belt, except parts of Alabama, where there was eA cessive rainfall.
 Cotton is fruiting well in Arkansas Louisiana, Tennessee and southern Mort Carolina, while it made good growth Oklahoma. There has been marked in provement in the crops condition South Carolina, and the stand now has reached reasonable development while in general the crop in this state may be considered from good to excellent,
 Deterioration in the crop is reported from the western Florida area, due to damage by the boil weevif but in Geor- gia picking is under way and the crop generally is good. though there is some increase in the activity of the weevil.
 In Mississippi the weather has been ex- cellent for cultivation, which has pro.a duced a very satisfactory condition of the plant while the weevil damage has been kept down. Cotton is opening in many sections of Louisiana and picking has commenced. The plants are doing well in northern and eastern Texas, but are de- teriorating in central, western and south ern districts.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-08-16
100000 of our young

66NI[THEN 100000 of our young W\W men are entering the mili-
 tary service of the federal government one of the problems present. ing itself is that of the recreation and especially that phase of it which appeals to clubwomen-the collection and distri- button of reading matter"
 In talking yesterday with Mrs. Frank B. Clark, who is the able president of the Council of Women's clubs of Bir- mingham relative to the library cam paign for the soldiers which has been instituted this week in Birmingham, the above statement prefaced her urgent re- quest that the clubwomen of this city who have charge of this activity give l their best efforts for the next few days | toward the success of the movement.
 While at a casual glance we may. not | think that our soldier boys who are in the training camps have any time to 1 read, they have an occasional hour when released from their arduous duties giy- ing them chance for some diversion, but unless they are provided with read ing matter by those of us at home they
 
 none of us will hear to that for a mo- ment.
 'The war department has requeseed the American Library association" Mrs. Clark said, "to take charge of the libraries which will be established at every training camp and cantonment in the United States, and through the in- genuity and cleverness of Miss Emily Van Dorn Miller of the public library of Birmingham, the idea has been suggested and adopted that the clubwomen of this city be the medium through which the 5000 books which Birmingham has been asked to supply, be collected. The Bir- mingham public library has set aside storage room for the books sent to the soldiers, where they will be cata- logued and forwarded to the canton- ments"
 When the books reach their destina- tion," Mrs. Clark said, they will be in charge of a trained librarian with an assistant in charge. In addition to these hbbaries there will be deposit libraries wherever squad of men is stationed. The soldiers will be allowed to borrow books from these libraries and take them to their tents, to their bridges, stations, or wherever they go. The American Library association has the cooperation
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-08-16

Li'l Honey, de Heart ain't CT Circumstance, hits CT Or gan, on which Cupid will continue ter play de same ole Luv Tunes wid de same ole Distractin' Effect until de end uv de worl'. Yassum.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-08-16
FRIENp writes mogt interestingly

N FRIEND writes most interestingly
 N\ of a recent visit to Mentone, < A She says:
 The Mentone Springs hotel at Mentone was the scene of much gaiety last Sat urday evening. An unusual weekend crowd was in attendance and quite a novel feature of entertainment was had: Instead of serving the regular supper in the dining room an old-fashioned bar becue was served in the grounds of the hotel in regular picnic style. Lighted by candies and Japanese lanterns inn provised tables, on which sat dozens of glasses of pink lemonade, the scene was a veritable fairyland.
 The barbecue was participated in by the hotel guests, among whom were: MT and Mrs. G. F. Kidd, MT. and Mrs. Welch, MT. and Mrs, Bert Meadows, Mrs. Allen, R. L. Adams. Miss Irene Irwin, Miss Sara Mallam, Mrs. s. D. Weakley, Miss Eula Weakley, Miss Elizabeth Parker, MT and Mrs. W. B. Leaville, Mrs. M. D. Savoy, Mrs. George Hutchin- son, Mir. and Mrs. John w. Black, R. w.. Kirkland, c. c. Holcomb, MT. and Mrs. F. A. Robertson, Birmingham; Miss Lena Feitts, pr. and Mrs. Graham, E. H. Bragg, c. Haskell MT. and Mrs.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-08-16

of her mother Mrs, Jennie Garner, has returned to her home in Tuscaloosa.
 Miss Hazel Bryant returned Monday from a visit to friends in Attalla.
 Miss Bessie Moore is the guest of Miss Hettie Tyson at Holt.
 MT. and Mrs. Lee Wood after spend ing several days in the city, have re- turned to their home in Gadsden.
 MT. and Mrs Albert T. Finch and little son and MT. and Mrs c. T. May field have returned from Camp Walton, where they spent two weeks. They made the trip in an automobile and stopped for several days in Pensacola.
 Miss Hazel Holberg has returned from a visit to Chicago and points in Michi- gan.
 Mrs Lowell Yerkes will leave next week for North Carolina, where she will spend several weeks.
 Mrs Hope Hargrove of Tuscaloosa is the guest of her daughter, Mrs Donald, on South Highlands.
 MT. and Mrs John Blalock of Barns vile are the guests of Mrs. R. A. Clay ton and family at Woodlawn.
The Birmingham age-herald., 1917-08-16

of the Young Mems Christian association camps and the Red Cross, and there will be no duplication of work"
 There are a number of agencies in Europe that have been. supplying the men in the trenches with books said Mrs Clark, and they say whenever box of books is received the men line up to re- ceive the books, and when there are not enough to go around the men are keenly disappointed and draw lots to see who will be the next to have turn at a book They even offer tobacco to the men for reading aloud Appeals have gone to these library stations from convalescent hospitals all over Europe, and even from as far as Egypt. So we must not let our boys lack anything. I believe 1t is Van Dyke who has said that human fellow ship good books and music are the best medicines and tonics in the world. MT. Raymond B. Fosdick, chairman of the commissioner on training camp activities, says. Too many of the evils surrounding camp life are traceable to the lack of amusement and rational recreation for soldiers. He says that last year the boys went through the trains on the way to