davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-03
Capital Theorists See Way
II. S. Could Have Ac-
CURED information
Swedish Seals Broken
Chance to Take Out or Put
In Papers on Way to
Bernstorff Ship
From Tie Tribune Bureau

Washington, March "A score Of
which the United States obtained the
zimmerman note are being exploited
here. None of them has the slightest
tinge of ofticiality, however, for the
State Department sticks to its resolu-
ton not to betray the source Of its in
formation.
All the indications are that the note
was obtained by the United States with
out the cooperation Of Great Britain
or any other belligerent government,
though many persons believe otherwise.
II II Is true that the United States OBJ
tanned the Information unassisted, there
was at some point in the process a
clever and daring maneuvre.
An interesting and circumstantisl
story appeared to-day in several YER
sons. The essentials are that the mes
sage was sent direct 10 Mexico by
wireless, without the INTERPRETATION of
Won Bernstorff, and was received at a
German wireless station in Mexico, of
which there are several, according to
informed persons. One Of these sta
tions is said TO be on top OF the Ger
man Legation. The message then fell
into the hands Of the United States
either by wireless interception or by
bribing a German official
Think Message Was in Cipher
If the message was picked up at some
land or shipboard wireless station it
undoubtedly was in cipher, and. fur
thermore, must have been received by
this government soon after it was sent.
on January 49, As Secretary Lansing
declared to the Senate yesterday that
the United States government procured
the evidence" of its authenticity dur
ing the present week" it may be that
in the mean time the American cipher
experts have been working on 1t and
succeeded only within the last few days
in unravelling u.
The decipherino of modern code
message is not the simple matter that
il was in the Gays Of the "Gold Bug
In fact, it is declared that the Ameri-
can diplomatic "Green" cipher never
has been solved even by governments
known to possess the code book, owing
to the constant changing of the key.
Some diplomatic ciphers, however, are
not so difficult, though they require a
great deal Of time. A diplomat said
to-day that the chief purpose Of diplo-
matte codes was no, 10 provide perma-
nent secrecy, as that was next to I'M
possible, but TO keep messages secret
FOR few days or weeks.
II seems to most of those who are
speculating about the matter that the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-03

boarded the st. Louis early IN the fore,
noon. She would probably be the hrst
of the feet 10 be armed and sent out
o. port
The men from the navy yard were
pilotsd By the ships officers through
the tween deck section TO test the
stability Of the extra plates and rein
forcements which were installed at me
time the st. Louis was pressed into ser
vice during the Spanish-Ameriean ar.
Her gun carrying equipment was found
TO be in excellent condition.
II the ST. Louis is TO 90 out as a
passenger carrier or merely as an
armed merchantmen with guns for de-
fence only. she will have 5-incher
mounted or the spar deck just forward
Of the bridge and another at the stern.
II the government decides TO arm her
as an auxiliary cruiser she will carry
two additional guns on the port and
starboard sides.
Aboard the liner it was thought that
all the ships Of the American Line
would be armed as auxiliary cruisers
and their guns manned by trained
crews from American warships. A. the
American Line pier it was said that II
the St. Louis were 20 prepare FOR gun
mounting to-day she would be ab lie to
leave port with guns intact not later
than Monday afternoon.
Installing these 5-inch guns is
not an enormous task" said repre-
sentative Of the line. when the decks
have been cut away in the places where
they are TO be mounted II IS merely a
matter Of hauling them UP from q.
lighter and dropping them into place.
The st. Louis is filed 70 capacity
with coal and has about l,5OO tons OF
cargo, which has been IN her hold FOR
over month.
4 representative Of the American
Line said yesterday that 1t was reeeiV-
ing no bookings for passengers on the
st. Louis or any of the American Line
steamships. The passenger department
merely has a list OF about thlrty-hye
persons who have expressed desire 20
sail for Liverpool on the first vessel
of the feet TO leave port. No requests
were made for transportation yester-
day, and it is doubtful il there viii be
more than one hundred passengers
should the 81. Louis depart as pas
senger carrier.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-03
Mary Garden Off for Paris
"No Nation Is Going to Keep
Me of the Sea-" She Says

All the Kaiser's sailors and all his
submarines cannot keep Mary Garden
off the high seas when she desires 20
be on them. To prove this. the prima
donna yesterday sailed on the Alfonso
XII for Spain.
From there she will go on to Paris
to FIJI an engagement with the Opera
Comique, beginning March l6. Unless
she is drowned, she swears that she
will sing Carmen in Paris on that
night.
There is no bravery in my taking
this Spanish ship" Miss Garden said
on the pier yesterday. 1T Is merely
determination. No nation is going to
keep me off a sea on which our rights
are equal to their own.
at merely makes an added reason
why ! am returning TO Paris for a
few weeks. in spite Of the pleading OF
friends. I have been told that ! can
not go, and ! dislike to he told that
by either individual or nation"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-03
No Warning to Any
Boats Henceforth,
Berlin Announces
Sailing Ships Grace Ended
March Two More
Americans Lost

Berlin. March . The Admiralty
made the following announcement to
day:
"On March ! expired the final period
Of grace allotted for sailing ships IN
the Atlantic. From this date no spe-
cial warning will be given to any boats
by submarines"
Washington. March , Detailed re-
ports Of the sinking of the British bark
Galgorm Castle and the Donaldson Line
freight steamer Tritonian, both with
Americans aboard, two of whom are
missing, were received by the State
Department to-day from Consul Frost
at Queenstown. The reports follow;
"The British bark, Galgorm Castle
Queenstown from Buenos Ayres; cargo,
maize; attacked by submarine, 4;3O p.
m. February p. seventy-four miles
west-southwest Of Bull Rock. Four
Americans aboard. Two are missing
believed lost. william Johnson, ~
Beach Street. New York, aged nine
teer and David Walker. negro, Greene
County. Va. aged thirty.
Americans saved. Henry Merritt,
Beaver Falls, Penn. and Harry Rich
ardson. 81 Hanover street. Boston
both white. All Americans able sea-
men"
The second dispatch read;
"The Donaldson freight liner Irlto-
MAN, 2,S46 tons, Halifax TO Liverpool
with general cargo and horses. torpe-
doed without warning 1885 p. m, nfty
niles west of Dingle, February 20. Two
men missing from crew Of sixty. sole
American, John Murphy fourth engi-
Weather heavy. westerly swell.
dense darkness. light southeast breeze :
no lights showing Master saw torpedo
approach ship. striking starboard bow
shin abandoned thirty minutes. but
did not sink. Boats stood by until Ad-
miraltv patrol arrived, a. m, and
flowed her 20 80 "a. m, when she SANK.
Submarine never sighted. Mates boat
not heard from; believed lost. Captain 5
beat rescued by steamboat Charng
Cross.
weather heavy. sea breaking. strong
southwest wind; misty rain beginning
at dusk. Boats were in imminent dan
ger. Submarine offered no aid. Shin
carried neither gun nor wireless. Ne
attempt to escape.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-03

would have to be British official pres.
ent at the examination, he said. This
condition Mr.. Ekengren refused. and
Sir Cecil suggested that the trunk b
sent on to the Swedish Legation IN
London. Mr.. Ekengren would not con-
sent to this, either, but the British
Ambassador said IL would be done
nonetheless and the trunk could be
examined in London BY the Swedish
Minister there and reforwarded.
Both Sir Cecil and Mr. Ekon Eken-
gren carried their grievances TO the
State Department, and record OF the
correspondence between them has been
filed with this government.
Looted on Way to New York
1t appears unreasonable that not only
the legation seal on the trunk was
broken, but the seal by which the key
20 the trunk was attached 70 the out
side. The key was missing when the
trunk reached New Iork u seems
curious, too, that Mr. Ekengren at
taehed the key in this way instead Of
handing 1t TO the courier.
The general belief here Is that Mr.
EhtUkItN kfunN Nfr ANANWNlNN'NN
broken open on its way TO New YORK
or in the station at Washington and ia
contents carefully gone over. Possibly
something was extracted OF something
introduced. Whether the riding was
done by American, Entente or German
agents cannot be surmised II Is
thought, however. that there would be
small opportunity for agents Of a for
eign government 10 tamper with bag
gage committed to an American rail-
road.
The Swedish Legation blames the
whole trouble on the courier, who was
instructed not 10 let the trunk get out
of his sight II was only a small army
locker but the railroad authorities
would not permit it in the Pullman car,
and the courier. disobeying orders, he'd
it checked 20 the steamship dock
There the Swedish Consul discovered
that the seals were broken and affixed
his own.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-03

Of the German policy as instanced by
the execution of Captain Fryatt. The
words admitting defensive arms fore
and aft" were put in the bill at his
suggestion. the Senator said. because
the United States hitherto has taken
the position in this war that defensive
arms should be aft only.
Senator Lodge said he opposed any
language in the bill restricting the
power TO be given the President, be-
cause he believed that would be saying
20 the President that he should not
commit an act Of war.
Has Confidence in President
II feel very sure" ne continued,
that when the President is ready 20
make war he would call Congress in
session, and would not commit an act
Of war without the authority or the
only constitutional body that can de-
clare it. feel that if we are not pre-
pared TO trust the President with the
powers he has asked we have no right
10 give him anything at all"
Putting officers or men Of the navy
on board a merchant ship, Mr.. Lodge
said. would change such ship into
merchant auxiliary vessel OF war.
Senator O'Gorman asked whether
"the President has a right to commit
an act of war before Congress declares
war
81 do not think so, but it has been
done" said Senator Lodge.
In a colloquy with Senator Cum
Minis, Senator Lodge said he expected
any armed merchant vessel would use
its guns IL German submarine were
sighted, and he would "be sorry il she
did not use them"
II am in favor of sinking these sub
marines on sight" replied Senator
Cummins, "but there is no use in clos
ing our eyes to the patent fact that II
we send out ships and intend that they
attack submarines when sighted we are
committing an act of war"
Senator Lodge declared that every
merchant ship had the right to defend
itself and that "when the periseope o.
German submarine appears in the
vicinity Of merchsntman IT - the
first signal for an attack"
He agreed with a suggestion BY SEN
ator Williams that in such SITUATION
the act Of war would rather be on tire
part Of the submarine.
Replying to Senator Reed, Mr.. Lodge
said that a merchantmen would De
justified in sinking any submarine on
sight. whether German. British OF
French. if they had been sinking yes.
sells without warning by direction OF
their government.
what IL the merchant vessel misses
and is sunk by the submarineT asked
Senator Reed. -,
Senator Lodge thought that would
not be an act of war
Senator Lane asked why the nited
States. il il armed it's ships, should
not insist upon their going into Ger
man ports.
Senator Poindexter declared there
Is a deep and Fundamental distinction
between the British blockade and the
killing by Germany of American
women and children without warning
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-03
Naval Experts Survey
Liners for Gun Mounts

Garland Fulton, assistant naval con
structor of the navy yard in Brooklyn
accompanied by two ordnance officers,
visited the Chelsea piers yesterday and
made survey Of the American liners
St Louis, St. Paul and New. York. II
was said unofne:ally that the vessels
could mount SIX 5-inch rifles If the gov
eminent desired to use them as auxil'
larry cruisers.
Acting on ordersifrom Washington,
Mr.. Fulton and the ordnance officers
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-03
Church Bells Are Seized
For Munitions of War

Copenhagen, March Germany IL
now drawing upon church bells for war
requirements. An order appropriating
bronze church bells after March IS
published in the German press. One
bell in a chime may be retained IN de-
fault OF other means for summoning
the congregation to worship. A regu-
lRtion covering the conhscation Of
aluminium cooking utensils is also pub
liaheh
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-03
Runaway a War Victim
Parents Learn Son, Long
Missing, Died in Action

The first news that Mr.. and Mrs.
George Corvinus, of 564 Twelfth
Street. West New York. had received Of
their son. George, jr,. since he ran away
from home six years ago, appeared IN a
New York evening newspaper yester-
day.
George Corvinus, Of New Jersey, has
been killed in action" the dispatch ran,
under a London date.
"That was my boy" Mr.. Corvinus
said simply when the clipping was
shown to him. His wife tainted
George, IT., was twenty-five years old.
He ran away when his father refused
70 allow him to go to work and insisted
that he prepare for college.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-03
Important Features
Of Senate Navy Bill

Washington, March 2.-The ted'
res of the nduGl bill passed by IN
Senate late to-day are as folLoaOs:
An increased appropriation
of S150,000,000 over the House
provisions, bringing the total TO
S595,OOO,OOO.
Issuance of $l50,000,000 in
bonds TO provide an emergency
fund Of $115,000,000 for expe-
diting naval shipbuilding, and
for fifty additional submarines
costing $35,000,000.
Authorization to construct
three battleships, one battle
cruiser, three scout cruisers,
fifteen destroyers, one destroyer
tender, one submarine tender,
ffty-eight coast submarines, ten
fleet submarines and three coast
guard cutters.
Establishment of a second
navy yard in San Francisco
Bay, with an initial appropria-
ton of 81, 100000 for site.
Establishment of a submarine
base at New London, Conn, with
an appropriation Of 81 100000.
Provision for the graduation
of two classes at the Naval
Academy each year for five
years, and the shortening of the
course from four to three years
for that period.
Authorization for the Presi-
dent to suspend the eight-hour
law on contract government
work in case of national emer-
gency.
All appropriations to become
Immediately available.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-03

Zimmerman message must have been
in cipher. Il is believed almost un-
thinkable that any German agent would
permit pain language version or
such message to exist outside the
walls of his embassy. But some dip
lomats poinb out that the whole
maneuvre was so stupid in itself that
a little more stupidity of this sort
would not be surprising.
There are, then, really two mysteries
how the United States got the mes
sage and how, IL it was IN cipher II
was uncoded.
Mystery of Minister'S Trunk
In connection with these mysteries
there is another, about which informa-
ton has been trickling out for several
days. II is the mystery of the Swedish
Minister'S trunk. So far as is known
il has no more connection with the
mystery of the Zimmerman telegram
than mere coincidence.
A newspaper dispatch from Halifax
A few days ago told how q small trunk
addressed to the Swedish Foreign Of
flee by the Swedish Legation at Wash
ington had been found on board the
Frederick VIII-the Bernstorf ship
by the British search party. II was
in possession of Swedish merchant
designated as official courier.
This trunk, the report said, was re-
garded with suspicion by the British
authorities, because, whereas it had
been sealed at Washington with the
legation seal, this seal had been de.
stroyed. and in its place was the seal
Of the Swedish Consul al New York.
Ordinarily, mail or express matter
under a legation seal passes censor
ship inviolate, especially when II is IN
charge Of regular courier But the
British were suspicious, because the
seal had been broken-in transit from
Washington 70 New York, il was
learned. They reasoned that, while the
contents of the trunk left Washington
under the Swedish Minister'S seal and
guarantee Of neutrality of contents,
contraband papers might have been
introduced into the trunk between the
time the seal was broken and the time
the consul at New York affixed his sub
stitute seal.
Diplomats at Odds
They reported to Sir Cecil Spring
Rice, who took the matter up with ".
A. F. Ekengren, the Swedish Minister
here Mr. Ekengren assured Sir Cecil
that he believed the seals, which were
OF wax, had been broken by baggage
handlers, and that the trunk had not
been opened since it left his legation.
Sir Cecil was not satisfied, and asked
Mr. Ekengren to guarantee the con-
tents by certificate.
This WAS agreed to hut again Sir
Cecil demurred. How could Mr.. Eken-
gren guarantee that which he had no
knowledge of-namely that the trunk
had not been opened? There must be
en- investigation of the contents. Mr.
Ekengren agreed to send an agent 70
Halifax 10 examine the contents of the
trunk and see that they were as orig
inally sent.
Sir Cecil agreed to this, but the fol-
lowing day again demurred. There
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-03
Kaiser Ill, Physicians
Order Great Caution
Emperor Suffering from Chill,
But Remains at the Front

London, March 1.-The German En-
neror is suffering from a severe chill,
according 70 Berlin report received
by way Of Amsterdam. 1t Is stated
that the Emperor is compelled TO re-
main indoors, but receives the. minis
ter and communicates daily with head
quarters.
The dispatch says that the patients
condition does not cause anxiety, but
that his doctors insist on great eau
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-03
Gerard Carrying Message
From Alfonso to Wilson

Paris. March "A dispatch from
Madrid to "The Herald" says II rs
stated in diplomatic circles in Spain
that James W. Gerard, former Amer'-
can Ambassador at Berlin, carries with
him a message from King Alfonso 70
President Wilson.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-03-03
3 Ships Here from War Zone

The American steamer Missourian ar
rived yesterday from 81. Naznlre with
generpl cargo other vessels arriving
from ports within the submarine area
included the French liner Toursine and
the 81. Jean, from Bordeaux.
Decorah-posten og ved arnen., 1917-10-30
1noen hoiere bpeoeprts

@oIhinqton sen 24oe Oft: Oct
nil life nptte uoqct at bolbe poa lin
Npcoe | &nab ON bsierc HriIcr.
Wun Iebcr tpertimoo Reiifocn Al,
at Sc heic Triier, iom Rcgicringen
er piQiQ til al betnle for inocpG'
rcnNc Iar$ Sueoc, plltbIclig fot
itnrtc inmmcn og man Oiloe bll
usot iii at IrIqc, for huu0 man
tlmoc iuu / aabcnt Ytarfco % |
&onflrrcncc mco sc @pe0emo&Icr,
ION piIoc fommc Ill at iIommc
iuo ira gtuitroIicn % &nNicL ON
&riIcn pIuoicIi9 ifuloe tommc til
IN Guoe.
Gorat moborbcioc TnrmcrncS
"a Spctulantcrue& lloiujQbeo iii
Of oihpnbe fit &ucoe bar Re1icrin.
oen Iuttct en- 0prrcn&fomIt mco
tcu funa6iitc Observation-Disclosures
ton, iieIQc hUiIfcr itore Y}o&ier
fauuoiif Nucoc nil bIi icnot iii De
omcrifonitc Wellcceutrer 2itcn,
Ccttc ARRANGEMENT uil iGttc biSic
WpQer iitouo iii at gcnoptagc
Criitcn i iuIo lloitrGfninQ og liant
tloia iitrc @citcrS Npllcr al bcr,
Nuc0c Sc trGuQcr.
NUcoen inbfisbcS Qicunem Sc ia
rabiifc RcQcriug for Sen ionmt
@ria. iom or ioitiot for mOcprren
sc 9lor2 Milling her / oc 6orencol
StatCr.
Wcomiuorc Ser ituIoe mbtrGo,
Trco. nil Scr irgcu 6ornn0ring bl
iorctoqct i ben oiiicieIt i~oitinttr
@ri5. Gettc blcp meboeIt al Bro
riauttoutroIeren / IuIcbuiua mig
ter, iom bar qooct ON, al Ell Sor
cubriug / Vriicruc ioreitoo.
,, Samtibig qioroca opmcrfiom pao
al / SiliGloe al 6reo itore WaSie
ar @peoe, iom poa 8rluo al II
, 9aooiaren life bar funnel ubifibe
2 ira Auitralien % SnOicu, itrar ri
De begpnbe at fIomme inc / Ser
bensmarfeoernc meo oct megc
ianoipnlige Rciultat, at Spebepri
icrne itrnr uil0e bespubc al ialot
8 Zen omerifauifc Rceeripg bar if!
+ g~uranterct Eriicrnc paa inoepGrer
D. Aars @~ue0eapIlna.
Decorah-posten og ved arnen., 1917-10-30

no til i noeen poatogeIi9 @rob at
ho hiuIpet. Zen banife Ereit %. q.
8~rapeuaoarb bar nplig | "Ganne'
pirte" benIeoet Spmerfiombeoen pao
oeune Saa peb noale Gitoter ira
omcrifonlfe @looe. ct ieflllGrt, boz
icntIig bunroriitiit 9Iao icm "Siie"
eisr aipIoenbe, at Ell Dsnnb life ifllI'
Sc iaa SOP Ill of prPfc, isr bon er 80
aar aommel. Man mac ia leOet Or
iarinaens Sip for at bore en- ErPoi-
fantS Stiuina poren, mener 9laoet.
ga ct anoet 9lao Tiger, at efter
mooerne 8rariS er mar tilbsielig til
of la Breiten goa, naar ban bar naoet
Def hsieite Waal al 9ucligbeo. "Yao
Den Msaooe," iortiPtter Oct, "bIir
airfen oItio 8ienItonb for Grperis
menteren bIir altio iooret pan
arsn Srlat % uopitler Ell
uiuno Nepetit ira perbslige Cling"
Bait. @rooeugoarO isier Tor lit e9et
@eofommenbe iii, at ban life er reoe
ill of aiere Dc onisrte llotalelier I'll
line, men, flyer ban, bet bar unoertis
Den pint mig Iibt at Ie, huoroon pore
W~cniobcber oite forbi9if GIbre PRO
pebc EreIter og falote Ell un9, ON
hueln De life pibIte anhet END bette
enc, at ban bar ing, % ioa bar leg
oslepet oct, at noar et Inr eller TO
Dor goaet, ioo OiIoe man az meo BAN
iaien. 8i bar BRIG for De lnges
Sriifbeo % fprige arait; men Den
IfoI aaa Saano / Saonb neb De Pls
ores Griaring, boiS bet ifaI bpre
frem til ct bpqtiq % leoenbe Gam.
ilnbsorbeioe, Der bprer BrGg al
9tp oe Toitbeb. 9crtil er De ltn9eS
Griifbeo og DC 0nmIcs grfaring beg
&c ~nsopenoige - moaifc lige nsb.
pcnoi0e. Men oct brres mig for, at
bore Wcniobcbcr life oltio prrOiTt.
fer Wobcnhcbcu tilbsrlia, ronr Der
ifol faIocs Brett, % berfor nnocrtioen
air. llrct MOB Dc rlbrc Freitcr og
moo iia ielp."
Decorah-posten og ved arnen., 1917-10-30
Ct S~vffetrof.

Sra Ell otlontilf Saon melocS
ocn 24oe Oft: On boorleoeS et
omcrifanif 6rogtoampcr lptfeli9
unogif at BIZ Ienot tilbunoS az en-
inf llrocrnoroSbaab, bcrcttcoeS
iNaG al SfibctS Siitccrer efter
Gompcrcn& NnfomIt / bel 9cbolo
Der poo Souncn.
70 Cages Mciie fra @cnua.
,StaIien, ob~icrucreoes plubIcliG er
(orpoo fommc iuierbc / @onoifor'
pen ret intoo Sfibct8 Bong. SuQer
ucntcNc, at Sfibct fltube uuhgoa i'm
Sfpbnc. I'll sc SmborbpGren0eS
tore Spcrrnifclie in6traf Der, "a
Sorpeoocn nnncbe ben Ill 6ortsict,
il1acu Grploiion.
TortlariuQc mar sen, at Sfibct
Qif ! 9aunit on Ina iaa bolt oaa
&anoet, at Sorpcooen paSIcreoc
umocr &iplen. Gen bleo icct ira
Sen onoen SIDE al Stibet at iOrt'
iGtte ubiubret ui6erc.