davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-03-06
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enced. Around these and other nat- ural obstacles the huge implements of modern warfare must be manned and utilized. but the bravery and the en- durance of the men have met all these Instructions and they have carried into mountain passes and in the ever lasting glaciers the present methods of conducting the war 'in the trenches" They have burrowed under the snow and made temporary dwell- ing places beneath the glaciers. In these dugouts the men have eaten their timed rations. mended their clothes and made their reports with as much regularity as if they were down on level ground. In odd mo- ments they lay in their blankets on the icy floor and gaze out the entrance hole upon the snowy wastes. The noses of the Austrian guns on the heights can be seen not far away for the Italians had to push up almost under the muzzles of the guns if they hoped to win.
 Lofty Mountains scaled.
 | Rugged. broken and lofty through out it's whole length the Austro-Italian frontier touches some of the highest ground in Europe. especially at its northwest corner where Austria and Italy abutt upon Switzerland. At that point there are mountains of ten thousand, eleven thousand and twelve thousand feet in altitude, and there fighting goes on not merely among the rocks but on the glaciers and ice
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-03-06

a bulletin on fats and their economical use in the household. from which the housewife may derive some sugges- for table use, it is recommended that IL should be borne in mind that fats influence the whoiesomeness of the 1oods with which they are served as well as the energy value and cost
 The price of table fats depends largely upon their flavor and color, and in selecting them each housekeep- CT must decide how much she can af- ford to pay for these properties. since all edible fats have practically the same energy value.
 Avoid A Double Waste.
 In general it pays to buy fats of such good quality that none will have to be thrown away through spoilage In some instances, where taste or flavor only is involved. a less expens- i've supply may answer quite satis- factorily the purpose of a more ex- pensive one. For example. the chief use of table oils is as an ingredient of salad dressings, and when char acteristic flavor is not especially de- sired, good grades of cottonseed and peanut oils. having a bland flavor. may be used, when these are less ex- pensive than the corresponding grades of olive oil.
 The use of too much fat for short ening is not only extravagant but may be unhealthy, because the frequent consumption of large quantities of very fat foods often produces digestive disturbances Recipes which call for a very large quantity of fat should be avoided for the sake of health as well as economy.
 It is also more economical to stil butter into cooked vegetables just be- fore they are served rather than while cooking, and the flavor thus imparteG is more pronounced. Furthermore, ii added before cooking much of the but. ter is lost unless the water in which the vegetables are boiled is served witl them. As another example of tht economical use of butter in cooker, may be cited the frying of eggs, ric, lcakes, etc.. in a mixture of butter, tt contribute flavor, and some such ia as lard or dripptngs to give sufficien quantity of fat-for the cooking process Also part butter, or cream. and par lard is frequently used in shortenin. pie crust, biscuits, etc. A mixture o
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-03-06
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and in one or two instances hostile airplanes have been wrecked far up on the mountain sides. It is needless to add what was the fate of the aviator. High Mountain Operation Necessary.
 These operations, in the higher Alps are subsidiary to the main strategic scheme. The Italian attack opened on the Isonzo from a point where the ground is lower and where the ob- jective is Trieste and strip of coast that brings Austria down to the Adriatic. The Austrian attack on the other hand centers in the Trentino. Whoever would be master of the cities of the plains-Verona, Padua. Mantua and Milan, must fight through the mountain portals. The two great postern gates are the Stelvio Pass and the Tonale Pass. which come down into Italy through the mountain passes of the Tyrol, one under the ice clad shoulder of the Ortler and the other running between the Cevedale and Adamello groups of mountains which hold rank with the Oberland. Large numbers of men might march through these passes and reach Verona and perhaps Milan by rail or. by the trunk line of the East and West Railway that runs from the French frontier to the Adriatic. Hence 1t is necessary for the Italians to keep these back entries closed and to try to push back through the passes themselves.
 So. a bitter campaign is being car ried on in the snow covered moun- tains and passes and the scenes of the conflict are unprecedented in the his tory of the world. While it is true that both Hannibal and Napoleon led their soldiers across the Alps they had no fighting of any consequence while on the journey and did not have to, keep their men camping in the snc-1e and ice for months. Nor were they compelled to worry about their food supply for enough to feed their men on the march could be easily carried along. But today everything pertain ing to warfare must be carried up the mountains and the ingenuity of man has solved the problem The engi- neers of the conflicting armies have been wizards in road building and in mechanical devices. In short, it has revealed to a wonderful degree the resourcefulness, endurance, courage and capacity of both these nations. The Austro-Jtalian campaign in the Alps will go down in history as tho greatest of all mountain warfa---
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-03-06
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excluding it the germ is also excluded.
 The spelling of canned vegetables IS due primarily to bacteria, and It Is necessary, in order to completely ster- ilize a vegetable, to heat it to the boll- ing point of water and keep 1t at that temperature for about one hour, upon two or three successive days. Among scientists this is called fractional ster- ilization. and this principle constitutes the whole secret of canning.
 Vegetable Substitute For Meat. 1. The Department of Agriculture pro- vides among it's recipes most at tractive canned vegetable substitute for meat, which may be valuable next season if the price of meat continues to soar This is named vegetable roast and is composed of a mixture Of Vege- tables as follows:
 Prepare corn, lima beans. tomatoes, string beans, okra squash and egg plant as you would for canning separately. Mix these in varying proportions, letting the corn and lima beans predominate. Add two or three medium sized onions to each quart of this mixture and run all through 1ood chopper in order to mix 1t thoroughly. Pack into jars and sterilize. In preparing for the table mix with an equal volume of Dread crumDS, piece OA uuIIeI Ihc SiNe of walnut, and one egg; season to taste with pepper and salt, and bake in round baking dish until brown. Cut into slices as you would a cake and serve hot with drawn butter sauce
 The Department of Agriculture is endeavoring to teach women the eco- nomical use of meat in the home, and
 late bulletin gives many valuable
 hints upon the subject.
 In order to become a good judge o1
 meats 1t is very helpful to have g | few lessons from good buyer. At g recent woman's club meeting an ex- l perienced butcher cut up a side o1
 beef, giving the correct name of eact
 cut, explaining it's food value, it's ap.
 proximate price, proper preparation
 and use. The different cuts are easily
 learned, but the quality of the mea depends on many factors, and tn,
 buyer, will often be wise in accepting
 information from the dealer, if he i
 one who brides himself on keeping l first-clasS meats. The Department has recently issued
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-03-06
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equal parts of carefully rendered beei suet, lard and butter, known as but terschmaltz," is used in some regions of the country for shortening pur- poses in place of table butter.
 Use Scraps Of Fats.
 One of the commonest extrava- gances of the American housewife is in the waste of fat. Many housekeep- CTS who economize in other ways do not give sufficient attention to this waste in household expenditure. The Office of Home Economics of the De- | partment of Agriculture offers this method of using up beef and mutton suet and scraps of fat trimmed or left over from meat: Cut the fat finely with an ordinary household meat chopper or sausage grinder and then heat 1t in a double boiler until completely melted The melted fat is then strained through a rather thick cloth medium fine huckaback, for tnstance-to l remove the finely divided bits of tissue The advantage of this method is that since the material to be rendered is finely divided the fat separates readily from the inclosing tissue at temperature very lit | tie above its melting point. and there is no danger of scorching it as in the older open
  l recent information shows that fats over heated in rendering do not keep as well as 1 those which have not been heated too high After the fat is rendered. it should he | carefully heated to make sure that 1t fs l free from moisture and sterilized.
 Fats which have been saved when meats are cooked. or which have cen salvaged in some other way, must usually be clarified-that is freed from objectionable odors, tastes. or colors- before being entirely satisfactory for culinary purposes. A common custom is to cook a slice of potato in the fat; and this may help if the fat is fairly satisfactory to start with. Un- i desirable odors and favors can be decreased in intensity or removed. if not too pronounced. by heating the fats with good grade of charcoal.
 To each pound of chopped. unren- l dered fat add twelve pieces of clean. hardwood charcoal about the size of a walnut and render the fat in a double boiler, as described above. Allow the sl charcoal to remain fin the melted fat ai for about two hours and stir the mix ture occasionally. It is necessary to strain the fat through flannel or other closely woven cloth to remove all the fine particles of charcoal
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-03-06
snowbank and there from time to time

snowbank and there from time to time he warns up.
 There is not much danger of a night attack in the high Alps, con- sequently when night comes he goes into his shack and pulls himself into a sleeping bag for the night. His alcohol stove is kept burning. and from time to time hot chocolate helps to make life endurable! The men are stationed on mountain duty only about three weeks at time after which they go tosthe valley for a rest. Dur ing mountain service they rarely change their clothing or shave. and both officers and men are a shaggy, unkempt lot. Fresh water is too precious. to be used and snow Is bad for the skin, consequently there is lit- tie washing done by the men and a steam bath is one of the first duties when they reach the valley.
 Many of the mountain barracks set up in the snowbanks are windowless as warmth is more prized than ven- tilation. Anything that is weather proof will do for uniform. white, of course. being preferred. Good boots and heavy stockings are of the great est mportance-even with these the mems feet are often frozen and have to be amputated. When the men come to the shacks from duty they usually get som mething to eat and then so to bed. Many times their clothing is a mass of ice yet if they are not wounded and do not fall from ex haustion they are rarely ill and do not seem to catch cold. The exercise they get when an artillery duel is on seems to keep them in the prime of condi- tion. Tt is shivery work, however, in the early morning when the men crawl out of their sleeping bags at dawn and go out on guard, frequently in a raging snow storm.
 The Italians are determined that the Alpine Corps shall not suffer for lack of news and each day the teleferic brings the mail and the newspapers to the men-not that very much real news of the war is to be gleaned from the newspapers. but the men have their letters from home, which means more to them than all the newspaper reports.
 Avalanches are among the greatest dangers. The reverberations of the big guns sometimes loosens fhe snow and ice and sends tons of it with rock besides down the mountain side and not infrequently the men have to be dug out. Guns for bringing down air craft are also planted on the summits
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-03-06
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to the steepness of the mountains the ones used by the Italian army are built in sections one above the other point where transfer is made to one running higher up and until the de- sired height is reached. On one or two of these teleferics eight changes are made. The wounded are made as comfortable as possible but the shaking up they undergo is not con- ducive to the comfort of a man with shattered legs or bullet torn body. To the we'll person the teleferic does not look uncomfortable nor is it uncom- fortable except on windy days when the car coming down may be blown against the one coming up, which gives one narrowing feeling, espe- cially when the car is hanging over a chasm. Sometimes the winds blow gale for days at a time which, of course, delays the moving of the wounded and causes unutterable suf- fering among the men who with only first aid must remain in the cold until the wind ceases.
 The car for carrying passengers is sort of tray with metal trellised
 
 just large enough for two passengers, who must lie huddled in the bottom spoon fashion with the feet of one at the head of the other. The iron hooks upon which the cage is hung are Just above them. AS the wire rope some times sags the car is apt to jolt about and give one a seasick feeling.
 It is safe enough, however, as the wire rope runs over a drum at each end of the course and forms 8 double line of overhead railway-one car go- ing up while the other comes down. One of the drawbacks is that the power of the motor which winds the hauling rope sometimes gives out and the car is held up until it can be re- stored. This recently happened while an Italian general was being lifted up the mountains and the car in which he was riding hung motionless for fifteen minutes suspended over a chasm fifteen hundred feet deep. Of
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-03-06
Department of Agriculture Watches Over Food Production and Food Conservation = Buying By Parcel Post Help to the Housewife =
 Suggestions for the Housekeeper.
International Syndicate,


 be diluted with 10 gallons of water, which has been boiled and cooled. Only strictly fresh, newly-laid eggs should be placed in the solution. Stone jars or crooks should be used. The eggs may be packed in these and the solution poured over them, or the eggs may be placed daily in the solution by putting them down in 1t care fully by hand so as to avoid breaking or cracking, them. Eggs thus kept are good for all purposes, but the shells break rather easily in boiling. This trouble can be prevented by puncturing the end of the shell with pin or needle just before boiling.
 The Department of Agriculture has been attacking the fifty million dollar annual waste in eggs which occurs be- tween the producer and consumer from every available point. One of it's strongest aids in this campaign is it's poultry and egg demonstration car, which goes from state to state teach ing poultrymen everything they should know about the care and handling of eggs.
 Buy By Parcel Post. The Washington housekeeper who spoke at the Housekeepers' Alliance has also proven by several years of use of it that parcel post marketing, if carried on under the directions of the Department of Agriculture, has been Of distinct advantage in her housekeeping.
 'I am firm advocate and extensive user of the parcel post in buying fresh country produce" she said. .T have been procuring eggs, fruit and vege- 1 tables direct from the farm for three years with distinct advantage. The difference in price from produce pur- chased in the local markets may not be so great; but if one makes busi- ness arrangement with a careful 1 farmer who supplies only the best pro-
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-03-06

course, accidents might happen-a head runners be jolted into sidestep- ping the wire. but so far accidents have been few.
 Guns Hoisted To The Top Of Peaks.
 All food and ammunition are sent up by this means-even big guns. for which purpose a special teleferic is rigged up. Rope ladders are also hung on the mountain sides and the men cling to these and climb hun dreds of feet. Wherever it is possible wooden shelters have been erected where the men may rest and "thaw out" These are heated, but the smoke is diverted to the valley as the enemy might by its aid be able to locate a camp and turn their guns on this spot.
 Men Buried In The Ice.
 All nOuntain climbers agree that walking over a glacier is no easy task When viewed from a distance it seems like smooth sea of ice, but once upon it's bosom one encounters crevasses and great Jumps of bu1ged up ice. All the men of the Alpine Corps both in the Austrian and Italian army wear spikes on their shoes and carry an iron pointed pole which they dig in the ice to get a frmer hold. Many times patrols are sent out over the glaciers and there is a skirmish. The bodies of the men killed are rolled into the crevasses of the glaciers and the wounded moved back to camp. The ice of the glaciers is said to keep body perfectly preserved for years, and as the glacier moves down it car ries the body with it and finally brings 1t out at the tongue. This has been the case with bodies of mountain climbers who have lost their lives by falling into crevasses. What grue- some sight the mountains will show when they give up the hundreds of men whose bodies lie wedged in the ice. Bayonet duels have frequently taken place on the ice, the dead bodies of the losers falling into the chasms below.
 Lonely Sentry Duty.
 The observation posts are high up on some peaks where the sentry clothed in white stands guard day and night. His shack is hidden in a
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-03-06

T one of the largest of the win ter meetings of the Housekeep-
 ers' Alliance at Washington. Z D. G. one of the officers said:
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-03-06
Copyright, 1917, by

: TIT one of the largest of the win
 ter meetings of the Housekeep-
 ers' Alliance at Washington. I D. G., one of the officers said: When you are in doubt about a do- mestic problem, telephone or write to the Department of Agriculture; state your trouble, and it will connect you with the specialist O.. that subject. He will tell you what you want to know, or put you in the way of getting it."
 Keep Eggs In Water Glass.
 The woman who spoke at the Housekeepers' Alliance meeting is a college graduate, and she has given years of scientific study to the prob lem of domestic economy. "The De- partment of Agriculture has helped me materially to better and cheaper living" she said. Here is just one item that has saved me one hundred per cent. this season." and she picked up a glass jar of slightly clouded liquid revealing an egg.
 sI bought that egg and one hundred and forty-three others last June, when fresh country eggs were selling at twenty-five cents\a dozen. By means of this liquid, made known to me by the Department of Agriculture, they have skept fresh for six months, and my cakes and pies and buildings, not to speak of my omelets and poached eggs, are as good as anyI ever tasted anywhere else with eggs bought today at exactly twice the price I paid for mine eight months ago."
 The liquid was water glass. and the Departments formula for preserving eggs by its use is as follows:
 A standard grade of water glass can be gallon. if bought in moderately large quan- titles. Each quart of water glass should
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-03-06
I.oneIx Sentry Duty.

The observation posts are high up on some peaks where the sentry clothed in white stands guard day and night. His shack is hidden in a
The Bridgeport evening farmer., 1917-03-06
How It1ay and Austria Are Waging War In the Higher Alps : How the Sinews of War Are Lifted To the Summits : Mar vicious Endurance of the Men of Both Armies.
Copyright. 1917, by The International Syndicate.

Syndicate.
 " HEN one speaks of the pres
 ent war now involving nearly ~ all of Europe the expression W more frequently used than any other is ''in the trenches" for that phrase has become indicative both of the battle line and the life of the soldiers. Whatever may be the discomforts. the hardships and the dangers of being 'in the trenches or the French border they can hardly compare with the difficulties, the hor- TOTS and the risks incident to the war fare along the battlefront that scales peaks of eternal snow and ice which are on the border between Austria and Italy. There climatic conditions are more severe, exposure more de- structive to life and health, and great CT difficulties in providing fer creature comforts and sanitation are experi-
La prensa. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1913-1962, 1917-11-22
UNA ADVERTENCIA
OLE DEbE SER
7OnlDA En-
C,ljENTA
Va d.rigida a los
traD2iddOreS
Diez mil obreros de a!gunos
distritos productores de Pc
troleo, de Texas y Louisia-
ma. sc e3cuentran en- huetga
actualmentc

Desde cl Gia pri!ncro del prrsento
mes de ncviembre. Sc dee!araron I'll
huelga. en- los campos de petrdlso dc
Texas = de Louisiana, a!go mas de
disz mil obrercS. los que st han rehu-
sado O volver q aus trabajos en- tan
10 las companies no acepten las pro
posieiones por ellos presentaaas.
Esta huelga, es sin duda ;ilguna
una de las mas interesantes y de las
1rascendenciaS mayores entire las que
ultimamente han sido decIaHadas en-
Estados UI.id@s.
La tarde de aver, ree;bilHos en-
nuestras oficnas IL vista del Sr. u.
4. Dominguez, comisionado del de-
partamento del trabajo, quien nos CO.
munic6 10 s!guiente:
Que con motive de Ia huelga an
tes dicha, Y para continuar los ira
bajos sin neceSidad de los ooreros
huelguistas. era probable que Sc soil
citara a los hombres dc labor dc San
Antonio. entire los que hay muchos
mexicanos. para que fuesen 4 los
mencionados campos, Y que, por 70
tanto. era nrenester poner en- concci-
miento de los dichos trabajadores,
que er aquellos canrpos Ia hueiga
ccntinuaba Y que anres de adnlihr
contrato aiguno, tuvieran en- cuenta
esta circunstancia principalisima.
, Ademas, IN peri6dico de San Anto,
Mo. el Weekly Dispatch, recibi0 ul-
timamente los siguientes mensaies:
Houston, Texas, Nov. 15.-"Weekly
DISPATCH. San Antonio Texas. Ha-
ga publico que los trabajadores de.
ben astenerse de ir q los campos de
petr6leo. La huelga continlia. 10:
campos ,estan Guardados por solda'
doS.-George H. Slater.
Houston, Texas, Nov. 15.-J. "
Ellet. Secretary s. a. Trades Coun
ell. San Antonio. Diez mil trabaja
dores estan en- huelga desde el dis
primero de noviembre, en- Texas !
Louisiana. Entiendo que Sc han so
licitado trabajadores en- vuestro te
rritorio para ronlper Ia huelea. Die
ciocho campos estan afectados. I;
situaci6n es favorable. Favor toma
medidas inn,ediatas ' asegurar re
sultsdos, previniendo los hombre
de trabajo para que no sean engana
dos. Suplicole de publicidad q est
asunto.-W. A. Campbell. Jefe de