Little Falls herald. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1889-1950, 1917-08-17

terday Of the food control bill gives
fresh interest to the methods Of food
control employed in the countries that
have been longer in the war than the
! United States and which have found
it more necessary to regulate the dis
tribution and consumption of food pro-
ducts. The data for the following
brief review of steps taken in Euro:
letin Of the International Institute of
Agriculture at Rome, issued in April
of the present year, but the comments
are our own:
German Food Regulations
In Germany, decree issued Oct. %,
1914, forbade the use Of wheat and rye
for feeding live stock and in January,
1915, this prohibition was extended to
oats, except in the case of horses whose
ration was fixed at one and one-half
Kilograms per day, equivalent to- about
three and one.sixth pounds. On Jan
uary '25, 1915, a decree was issued re.
questioning all stocks Of wheat and
rye, barley and oatmeal. In 1916 the
requisition was extended to the grow
ing crops Of wheat, rye, barley and
oats.
Ninety;four pounds of -four from
every hundred pounds of wheat is the
requirement made by the Imperial Blu
reau of Cereals of Germany on the
millers of that country. This is the
purport of an order issued March l
Of the present year. Orders. issued in
October, 1914, in the first year of the
war, required that wheat bread con-
tain at least ten per cent of rye flour
and that rye bread contain at least 5
per cent of potato. The regulations
now in force require 30 per cent of rye
-four in what is still called "wheat
bread" and from 10 to 80 per cent of
potato flour in rye bread. The daily
ration of bread was fixed in January,
1916, at 200 grams per head, equiva-
lent to about three-sevenths of a pound
avoirdupois, but this ration has been
reduced by later orders.
How Austria Manages It
In Austria, early in 1915, all stocks
of cereals ana flour were requisitioned
and later in the same year the growing
crops of cereals were included in the
requisition, which policy has been pur-
T.
decree Of January 30, 1915, provides
that the flour used in making bread
must consist of not more than half
wheat or rye -four and half of other
farinaceous (starchy) foods. It is pre-
sumable that potatoes furnish the larg-
er part Of the material added to the
wheat or rye content of the loaf. The
daily ration Of bread or flour per in
habitant is the same as in Germany,
200 grammes per day. Bread and flour
cards are required for the purchase of
either.
Foodstuffs in Hungary
In Hungary decree was. issued
early in 1915, by which all bread must
contain either so per cent of maize
flour (Indian corn) or Is per cent of
potato -four. The requisition Of stocks
of grain and the crops did not. begin
in Hungary until in 1916, probably be-
cause that country being the producer
of surplus over it's own needs had
not previously felt the necessity Of
such a procedure.
Restrictions In italy T.
Italy did not begin restrictions on
the use Of food until 1916, possibly
because it did not enter the war SO
early as the others and also because
its intercourse by sea with food ex-
porting countries has been kept open.
In 1916 restrictions were made on the
consumption of foodstuffs in hotels,
restaurants, cafes and dairy shops,
certain foods being forbidden on Ger
tain days and limitations being placed
On the number of dishes that might
be served to an individual guest. Ear
~ in the present year decree was is
sued ordering millers to produce not
less than 80 pounds Of flour from each
hundred pounds Of wheat, and since
that time the sale of all cakes and con-
fectionery have been forbidden.
Only Stale Bread in France
In France all confectionery shops
are closed on Tuesdays and Wednes-
days and the sale of bread less than
one day old is forbidden at any time.
New bread cannot be served in hotels
and restaurants.
Maximum prices for wheat have
been fixed by the governments of Ger
many, Austria, Hungary, Belgium
France, Italy, Spain, Switzerland,
Sweden, Russia and Tunis. ~
The Ration in Great Britain
In Great Britain and Ireland a gov
eminent commission has the monopoly
of importing and distributing all i'm
ported supplies Of wheat, maize or rice
AS the imports represent about 80 per
cent Of the consumption this control
is very important. Bread cannot be
sold until it is one day old and it is
forbidden to use milk or sugar in MAX
ing bread. The food controller has nix
ed the ration Of bread or -four at four
pounds per capita per week, which is
about one-third greater than the ra-
ton allowed in Germany or Austria.
Restrictions have been made on the
quantity of grain that may be used in
brewing and distilling. The product
of the distilleries has largely been COM
Wandered for government use in the
manufacture Of explosives.
"A sugar ration is enforced in Eng