davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31
BATHERS CLASH
WITH POLICE
North Side Gold Coasters OBJ:
ject to People Swimming
in Their Back
Yards.
RIOT ON HOT NIGHT
Matter Gets Into Court Today and
threatens 70 be Carried
Up to the Gov
ernor.
RIOT ON HOT NIGHT

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service.l
CHICAGO, July 31.-Three young
women and five men, arrested last
night when q crowd Of bathers fought
police as the latter attempSed to
drive the water seekers from forbid
den beaches. secured jury trails
when arraigned today,
The Lincoln park commission has
for years barred the beaches at street
ends along the aristocratic north side
to bathers, because the gold coast
ers" didn't want the common herd to
disport themselves in the coasters
back yards. Last night several thou
sand people fled to these beaches to
escape the heat. Police ordered them
out. The bathers replied with jeers.
Reinforcements came. Then one boll
copper took off his coat, waded in
and started to pull man out.
At once things began to happen.
Spectators and bathers surged on the
police. In the height of the excite
ment a man in the white Uniform Of
naval officer appeared and tried to
take hand. But he was bombarded
by the angry crowd with everything
handy and fled.
The whipsawing between bathers,
spectators and police lasted until a
late hour. The police could not get
the bathers out Of the water, but the
latter had to 90 home sometime and
when they did the police got eight.
Today big, crusade is on to have
the park commission to rule against
bathing on street beaches at the
lakes edge revoked and an appeal to
Governor r0Wden who names the
commission is threatened.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31
Women N Strike Breakers,

TUnited Press Leased Wire Service.1
SAN FRANCISCO, July 31.-"The
time has come for the women to do
their bit" was the comment today of
Mrs. James Hamilton. Of the women's
council Of defense on the action. Of
herself and 100 other women in work
ing as strike breakers in canneries.
The women drove through the lines Of
strike pickets ana spent the day peel
ing fruit
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31
Funeral Of General Otis.

limited Press Leased Wire Service ]
LOS ANGELES, July 3l.-Funeral
services over the remains Of General
Gray Otis, editor and principal owner
of the Los Angeles Times will be held
tomorrow afternoon from the First
Congregational church. The Loyal
Legion and Stanton post G. A R. will
have charge Of the, services at the
grave, Hollywood cemetery.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31
Not obIioed te FoIIo,v.

WASHINGTON July 81. - The
United States Is not obligated to fol-
low France in her ambition to regain
1t was officially stat
ed here today. Nor is the American
relation toward the allies such that
this government would necessarily
demand freedom for certain parts OF
Austria.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31

IUnited Press Leased Wire Service ]
WASHINGTON. July 31.-
1A Claims Of exemptions tor
E@ service in Americas national
army Is running heavy.
Initial examinations here and at
other points where men are being call
ed. show . higher percentage Of claims
than had been anticipated.
A great hunt started throughout the
country today for draft evaders.
Warned by Attorney General Gregory
that thousands Of men failed to regis
ter June fifth and have been hiding
ever since," the United States attor-
neys In all districts enlisted civilian
helr and started after the slackers.
The names Of hundreds Of youths
who thought themselves securely hid
den, have been forwarded to local au-
thorities from the Justice department.
Among the informants were many
mothers whose sons registered for the
draft and who could not bear to see
other boys in the neighborhood slip
through Uncle Sans net.
The slackers caught will be jammed
right up at the top of the lists for ex-
animation whenever possible. This
will be done by assigning them
the numbers Of men early on the list
who were discharged for physical or
other disability.
Volunteer workers have been enlist
ed to compare registration lists with
county tax and voting lists from which
delinquent lists will be made.
80 Out Of First 100.
MINNEAPOLIS, Mimi. July 81
Out of the first 100 men examined for
the draft, eighty-eight passed physical
examination.
Second Call In August.
WASHINGTON, July 31.-The sec
ond class Of 755,70O men registered
under the draft will be called up for
examination early in August
With examination Of the first quota
of 1,374,O0O progressing rapidly, the
provost marshal generals Office today
announced that seven days after the
first called are examined, the second
quota would be posted for examina-
ton. The second class, which viii
number 11o percent of $4,000 men
needed will be combed for men to
replace those exempted in the first
group.
Today General Crowder moved to
restrict exemption further. Medical
students and men serving In Red
Cross ambulance companies have no
valid claims for exemption or dis.
charge, he ruled.
Agricultural workers and munitions
factor hands also will be greatly re,
stricted in exemption claims, 1t was
intimated. Although these industries
are not specifically exempted, appeals
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31
RUSSIA WILL
MAKE RECORD
Recovering Today From Virus
Injected Into Her Armies
by German
Spies.
FORMIDABLE AS EVER
vigorously Pressing Battle at Some
Points and Expected to Stay
In tho Great
u. Was.

'tUnited Press Leased Wire Service.1
LONDON, July 31.-Russia seemed
today to be recovering from the virus
injected into her armies by the Ger
man SPY system Dispatches showed
on some sectors Of the great north
eastern front Kernskys troops had
assumed the initiative and were Wig
orously pressing the battle.
In Russia, German Chancellor MI
chaelis' statement. designed to elimin-
ate Russia from the allies, apparently
did not create q ripple OF interest,
London newspapers today emphasized
an interview which Premier Lloyd
George granted on his return from
Paris, asserting:
"The Russians are An incalculable
quantity. They fought when least
expected and hung back when 1t
seemed they ought to go on. My
latest Information Is that Russia will
recover and become as formidable as
ever"
In this same connection, editorial
comment today applauded. Foreign
Minister Balfour's statement in tho
house Of commons yesterday. denying
the German claim that the allies
warred for conquest.
Did Not Cross River.
PETROGRAD. July 31.-Efforts by
enemy troops to cross the river
zbrucz in the region Of Pukliany and
Podlipie were frustrated, today's otii-
ciaI statement asserted. At German
ovka Teutonic attacks were beaten
of.
- ~ rvt w$vvh htH@W
enemy attacks on the ZalesZik-
Sniatyn front pressed US back in
the region Of Doroch. zastavna,
Uverenczanks and Orochapy." the
war office said.
Gross Into Russla.
BERLIN, (via London) July ST.
German troops have crossed the
river Zbruos at many points into Rus
sian territory and farther to the
south have captured Werenczanka
and Sniatyn dover Galicia), today's
official report related.
"The frontier river at Zbrucz has
been crossed at many points from
above Hustatyn as far as Skala, over
a fifty kilometer (thirty-one mile)
front and despite bitter resistance"
the statement said. From the Zlota
Lipa river as far as across the north
ern Sereth river at Ottoman. we
drove the enemy back. Here he
made stand.
Between the Dniester and Pruth
rivers we captured Werenczanka and
Sniatyn. Near Wiznitz. the enemy
was forced to evacuate the Czeremos
line and retired to the east.
I'm the Mesteawsci sector Cru
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31
Don't Feed the Hobo.

limited Press Leased Wire Service. ]
CHICAGO, July 31.-The Illinois
state council of defense is on the
trail OF tho hobo.
Don't feed the hobo" is the ad-
vice given householders. There is
more work to be done than there are
men to do it. II man says he can't
get work, give him the address Of
the nearest federal or state employ
ment bureau. II you must feed him,
make him work for his meal first.
Otherwise you are doing an unpatri-
otic act"
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31
Called Wilson Hypocrite.

UNITED Press Leased Wire Service
CHICAGO, July 31.-During an ad-
dress in which he is alleged to have
called President Wilson "King VIII
son" and a "hypocrite," Irving S.
Abrams invited any government de-
tectives present to step forward.
One did. Abrams today is held in
$4,000 bonds.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31
IOWA CORN CROP
NOT INJURED
Experts Disagree, But Evi-
dence is Strong That the
Weather Has Not
Hurt Fields.
ON VERGE OF DROUGHT
No Immediate Danger, But Good
Rain Soon Would Prove Of
Benefit to
Farms.
ON VERGE OF DROUGHT

UNITED Press Leased Wire Servtce.]
DES MONIES, Iowa, July 31.--
Iowa's corn experts are disagreed as
to the effect Of the hot spell on
Iowa's corn crop. Harry Wallace. OF
Wallace's Farmer. says lowA's TO-.
242, 900 acres OF corn are on tho
verge Of drought.
George Chapel, local weather fore
caster, and crop expert, and Q. G.
King. of the Western Grain Dealers
association, say they are not.
Wallace produced figures to show
that in only five different years since
1900 has there been less than three
inches OF rain during July. Less
than three inches has fallen during
July this year. In the years Of little
rain, Wallace said Iowa's corn crop
has always been smaller than in the
years when three inches or more
have fallen.
Chapel said reports reaching him
Indicated the crop thus far was not
damaged and with cooler weather in
sight the four hundred million bush
els estimated yield would be pro-
duced. King said his reports showed
the Same.
/. Carl Kennedy, Polk county agent,
SAlx t1tOI tnO CO1 u AA oOAAAO DOSSASnS
was beginning to roll duo to the
hot weather. He said rain was nee
'essary and If It comes within twenty
four hours Iowa's crop Will be saved
Damage In Nebrasl<a.
LINCOLN, Neb, July 31.-With
the temperature reaching 108 in the
Official kiosk yesterday. cooler wealth.
er promised arrived today, with an
abatement Of the hot wind which has
been blowing the past three days.
Corn In Nebraska is not yet ser
iously damaged and experts declare
that II rain comes this week very
little damage win have resulted.
Nebraska corn IL In splendid oondi.
ton to stand the drouth. While the
hot winds of the past few Gays have
caused whiting. each morning the
fields appear much revived. Some
localities have reported scattered
showers and the dew has been heavy.
In the south Platte country rain is
needed more urgently than in the
north Platte region.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31
Germany's Cr xlt Threatened;
Eightir Men Are Fewer
Empire is Beginning Feel Drain of War Expenditure
According to Reports Received


a
her credit and business life threatened officials stated
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31

CONTINUED ON pass ~
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31

Continued on page %
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31
Claims Are Running Heavy as
Registered Youths Present
Themselves for Physi-
cal Examination.
HUNTING FOR SLACKERS
When One 10 Found He Must Take
the Place OF One Who Falls to
Pass on tho First
Call.

UNITED Press Leased Wire service.l
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31
THE WEATHER

Fair. Continued warm. Local
temp p. m. 96; 7 a. m. 80.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31

CONTINUED on page 81
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31

Continued on page 2.)
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31

The Telegraph Service Of The |
Daily Gate City and Constitu-
ton Democrat is received over
our own leased wire.
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31

Continued on page ~
The daily Gate City and constitution-Democrat. (Keokuk, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-07-31

Jumped Up Again.
ST. PAUL, Mimi, July 31.-After
a brief respite of cooler weather,
thermometers here jumped eight de-
grees in two hours and stood at 80
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13
"THE NEER-DO-WELL,''
REX BEACH STORY,
AT THE LIBERTY

This great photodrama is consid-
cred the worthy successor of the
Spoilers Both stories were writ
ten by Rex Beach, and both have
been filmed by the Selig Company.
Written by the same author. pro-
duced by the same Director, and en-
acted by the same stars that appear
ed in 1.-THE Spoilers" makes the pro-
ductiOn extraordinary in every de-
tail. THE Ne'er-Do-Well" does not
contain dull moment There are
hand to hand conflicts, great fire,
beautiful, tropical scenery and an All
Star cast, featuring Kathlyn Williams
and Wheeler Oakman. These two
wonderful and popular screen art
lists, together with the Selig All-Star
cast that made the Spoilers" fam
Gus, all combine to make the Meier
Do Well" one of the greatest film
dramas ever presented.
A special trip to Panama was made
to secure the atmosphere called for
in this exciting story of plot and
counterpart.
The picture. in nine wonderful
parts, will be shown Tuesday and
Wednesday, with matinee Tuesday
at $3.50, at the Liberty.
"Neptune's Daughter" with the
Queen of the Sea, Annette Kellerman
can be viewed next Thursday evening
without extra charge at the Liberty
This seven-part picture is considered
the film masterpiece of the world.
Here are two opportunities to see
two of the greatest pictures made.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13
NEWS OF LYNDEN

Mr.. and Mrs. Floyd Steele are the
parents of a son born Tuesday
Miss Tillie Meurer visited at the
Leach home Sunday.
AL Hardness and family moved to
the Colley hotel Monday.
w. H. NAPLES left Tuesday even
ing on a business trip to Seattle.
Miss Pearl Felch spent Sunday at
her home near Ferndale.
Mr.. Beryl Merritt is enrolled as
senior at the Bellingham Normal.
Mrs. A. r. Hay of California is
visiting at the homes of her broth
ers, Hugh and Clarence Jameson.
Mis- Lucille Ecker was a dinner
guest of Miss Mary Jameson Sunday
Miss Elsie Goodell, formerly of
Lynden, was married this month to
III hCot No"oh al iCoSOtt, al IL
ona. They will make their home at
Ray, Arizona. where Mr.. Cowan is
interested in some copper mines.
Frank lie Cocq purchased yester-
day 1918 model Buick Six, the first
of its kind in the county.
! Will Wander Griend is moving this
week to his neY bungalow on Front
Street, which has just been complet-
ed.
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl Tremain enter
tanned at dinner Sunday Mr.. and Mrs.
Louis Parberry and family, and Mr..
and Mrs. Charles Tremain and fam
lily, all of Bellingham.
Mrs. j. II. Duxbury of Bellingham
visited her brother, T. r. Price, last
week
A daughter was born Wednesday
/ to Mr.. and Mrs. A. J. Brown.
! Miss Evelyn Scrimger returned on
Wednesday from the hospital at Bel
/ lingham, where she underwent an OPP
Grafton.
Thomas Hamre cut his knee with
draw knife Friday.
Mrs. c. e. Craighead has been i'll
this W l..
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

CASH must accompany all want-ads
for publication in The Tribune.
The amount of the ad is so small
as a rule that we cannot afford to
keep books for them. Ads may be
phOned i'm as usual and the amount
sent i'm to this Office before public
alton day. Rates in this column
are five cents line, five words to
the line, with a minimum charge
of % cts. for the first insertion.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

Funeral services were held Mon
day morning at the family home for
the little twO-months old son of Mr..
and Mrs. Angus Young, who passed
away Sunday following illness of a
few weeks. The Rev. P. H. Davies
conducted the services.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

FOR SALE-As l have imported a
young thoroughbred o. l. c. boar,
l have for sale my l " VI. old o..
l. C. boar Pedigree furnished.
Phone 2402 Lynden, John Bier
link. 9-13-3t-
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

WOMEN'S HOSPITAL Maternity
hospital offers two weeks treat
ment confinement cases with ev-
erything furnished. Fifty dollars,
best physicians. For full partic-
ernity Hospital, S21 Boren Avenue
Seattle. 7-5-tf- o
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

The McKinnon family is moving
to the residence on East Front Street
formerly occupied by the Walsh fam
lily.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

FOUND-BICYCLE The owner can
have same by proving his proper
ty, and paying the costs of this
advertisement. Apply to Jake lie
Compile, city marshal. 9-13-tt o
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

FEW year old hens For Sale. Trap
nest records from $50 to 204 eggs.
Cheap if taken at once. Harry
Beernink, Phone R301. 9-13-2t*
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

Remember, Steinhauer has a sup
ply of DR.. Hess Fly Chaser on hand,
none better. $1.00 per galion,
gallons, $500.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13
-oOO-.--

Wilder Jones claims the dis met
ion of being the first wounded soldier
in the Lynden Home Guards. He
Mustered his thumb handling the anc-
lent matchlOcks the Guard is using
as weapons.
lL---OOO-
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

Gerrit Van Leeuwen, Nick Boer-
have. Dave Bender, C. F. WOrthen,
John Rinehart and the rest OF the
owners of mansions along Grover
Street will I eet Tuesday evening to
decide what they're going to do to
drain the chain of lakes along their
avenue.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

TWO GOOD MICH COWS for sale,
giving IA to 5 pounds milk day.
A. Wynstra, Phone 2310 Lynden
9-13-2t-
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

FOR RENT-After Mar. 1, 160-acre
farm 4 miles Northwest of Lynden
on Blaine-Sumas road; 80 acres
cleared, balance in pasture. No
man, Lynden. 9-13-4t- o
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13
ANDREW MATHESON,
M. vANDERGRIEND, Auctioneer

A BIG BUNDLE OF HEAVY PAPER
clean, just the thing for putting
under carpets, lining buildings, or
packing things, etc, only DC at
The Tribune office.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

PIGS FOR SALE-1% miles west
of Glendale school. A. Palmquist.
9-13-2t*
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13
II.---OOO-

The hunting season will open on
October /, and Lynden sportsmen are
getting ready now for the season.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13
Chr Gynhri, 6imlrt


Cleve Schuyler was tinkering with
the gasoline tank on his little PINK
Buick at the observation-disclosures au-
to hospital yesterday, when he tried
to look into the interior with the
aid of a lighted match. To the first
bright boy who brings in correct
guess on what happened. The Gimlet
will present photograph of the
building in which the tragedy occur
ed.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13
PUBLIC SALE

will offer for sale at my place,
AZ miles west of Lynden, at the
corner of the Glendale schoolhouse,
on WEDNESDAY, SEP. 10, at 1 p.
m. sharp, the following property: 10
HEAD GOOD MICH cows just
fresh, heavy mixer, gives over 6
gallons a day; will be fresh in Dec
ember; will be fresh in January,
and balance will freshen later in the
Spring; herd guaranteed to be free
from red-water and abortion. l l.
year old boar. 2 young pigs. Usual
terms.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

WORTH THEIR WEIGHT IN DIA-
MONDS-The Tribune's herd rec
ords tell the cows that are losing
money for you. You can't afford
to be without them. &c each. SOC
O dozen.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13
CARD OF THANKS

We wish to thank the many friends
and neighbors, for their kindness
during the sickness and death of
our darling baby. and for the beaut-
iful floral offerings.
MIR. AND MRS. ANGUS S. YOUNG
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

FOR SALE-9-horse power gasoline
donkey engine. Phone r 1872. Wal
ter PiXley. S-30-tf %
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13
H. 900

Walter Pixley made a mighty good
buy when he purchased the old liv-
cry barn this week. There are at
least eighty dollars worth of tin tob-
acco signs in plain sight on the build
ing.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

1850 LIB. MARE for sale cheap
if take at once, or will trade for
cattle. Phone r 512. 9-13-1t"
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

TEAM AND HARNESS for sale-Call
the Star Mercantile Co. S-30-tf-o
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13
1000

If that Blaine real estate man who
estimated the population of that city
at 5000 were asked to guess the
weight of Frank Kelsey, his answer
would undoubtedly be 49S pounds
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13

Elder and PAGES store will be a
dismal place next month. Bill Note
boom is leaving for the army, and
Donald Pace will depart for Pullman,
to learn latest methods of running a
LINDEN farm without doing too much
work.
The Lynden tribune. [volume] (Lynden, Wash.) 1908-current, 1917-09-13
II----ooo-

Whatcom County has only 81 BIZ
cycles, according to a report OF the
County Assessor last week. VIII
Herman Elenbaas, Jake fZylstra, Ev-
erett Horton, Bill Bauman, Charlie
True, Ray Slade, Bert Zoet, George
Hall, Walter Pixley, John Breen, Abe
Noteboom, Angus Young, Nick Belt
man, and AL Teselle kindly call at
the office of The Gimlet and advise
us where they were when Dad Fras-
Ter was making his rounds?
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-02-12
DUKE OF NORFOLK DEAD

LONDON, Eng. Feb. 12.-The duke
Of Norfolk. heir to one Of the Oldest
dukedoms in the British peernge. Earl
Marshal of England, and member Of
the Howard family, one IT the oldest
and proudest Of the realm died yes
terday, leaving an eight 9sar-cid heir
and an estate that pays an estimated
income of more than $500. 400, or 81.
100000 annually. He vas 50 years
old.
The Duke Of Norfolk ives earl mar
shall and hereditary marshal and chief
butler of England, premier aaks and
earl, K. G. C. Of Order Of Christ. lieu.
tenant-colonel OF Fourth r. yaik Sus-
sex and lord lientenaiit IL 3ussex
since 1905. ~
The duke was q special envoy to
the Pope in 1887, and aedIn Hs.ted
the Vatican In 1901, when BE c.,1inct
ed pilgrimage OF the LEADING Eng
hsh Roman Catholics to RfNii and
presented the pilgrims 70 hiF kcIihess.
At that time he met severe III elsm
In Italy on account OF bis address,
which dealt with the temporal power
of the Pope, and the consr6versy vas
a subject of international Interest.