davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Der Deutsche correspondent. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1841-1918, 1917-09-02

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Weihdif Seuefer beAinui EicntaN ~ sew
tender. (elug22,1Nd)
Der Deutsche correspondent. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1841-1918, 1917-09-02

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obcr pl0tlic6 aus ibrer Tanlilie fort
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Der Deutsche correspondent. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1841-1918, 1917-09-02

Gnolitb iei nod Gin San crud9nt,
Der iid IN %orOerinoien 5litrtg. Gin
b0bcrer englii@cr &erpoltiugSbcauls
ter ltiternabn md6reuo leiner Ses
rien5cit in @egleitlm8 ictnes cinge.
6orenen Cieners, eines Ninous, ei.
ncn lGngereH SagOmisilug III Die
i1mer 5ugGngliAen Ncit0botS. Gfci
9odcn ip0ttr mcloete iirb Ger Niuoll
bei ser 9c66roe IN SonapIr, bel Der
Der Gneldnoer ongeltellt mar, lmo
beridtcte nit tiei6efiimmerter @|ie.
The Washington times., 1917-07-22

THIS IS SKINNY SaANER HIS MOTHER IS HIS
ONLY REAL FRIEND, eur HE is EUERT8OOTS
FRIEND. he PROBABLY HAS MORE TOUGH LUCK
70 The SQUARE INCH THAN ANTeooT 700 EUER
HEARD TELL OF. BUT HE HAS ETHER Too MUCH
or NOT ENOU0A SENSE TO WORRY A6OUr II.
The Washington times., 1917-07-22

Mr.. Dingbat gets a
chicken dinner next Sunday.
Give a look and see what
Ind.
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
It Will Involve
Complete Mobilization

1t will involve the organization and
mobilization of all the material re-
sources of the country to supply the
materials Of war and serve the incl
dental needs of the nation in the most
abundant and yet the most economical
and efficient way possible.
1t will involve the immediate full
equipment of the navy in all respects,
but particularly in supplying 1t with
the best means of dealing with the
enemy's submarines.
1t will involve the immediate addi-
ton 20 the armed forces of the United
tates. already provided for By law in
case of war, Of al least 100000 men,
who should, in my opinion. be chosen
upon the principle of universal liabil-
ity to service. and also the authorize
tion Of subsequent additional incre-
ments Of equal force so soon as they
may be needed and can be handled in
training.
Ii will involve also, of course, the
granting of adequate credits to the gov
ernment, sustained, | hope, So far rs
they can equitably be sustained by the
present generation, by well conceived
taxation,
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
1t Is Our Duty
To Protect Our People

! say sustained so far as may be
equitable by taxation, because 1t seems
to me that il would be most unwise to
base the credits, which will now be nee
essary, entirely on money borrowed. II
is our duty, i most respectfully urge, to
protect our people. so far as We may.
against the very serious hardships and
evils which would be likely to arise out
of the imitation which would be pro-
duced by vast loans.
In carrying out the measures by
which these things are to be accom-
plished We should keep constantly in
mind the wisdom of interfering as little
as possible in our own preparation and
in the equipment of our own military
forces with the duty-for It will be a
very practical duty-Of supplying the
nations already at war with Germany
with the materials which they can OBJ
tain only from US or by our assistance.
They are in the field and We should
help them in every way to be effective
there.
shall take the liberty of suggesting,
through the several executive depart
ments of the government, for the con-
sideration of your committees. meas
ures for the accomplishment of the sew
eral objects l have mentioned. ! hope
that 1t will be your pleasure to deal
with them as having been framed after
very careful thought by the branch of
the government upon whom the respon-
sibility Of conducting the war and safe
guarding the nation will most directly
fall
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
Cermany's Allies Have
Not CHALLENGED Us

| have said nothing of the govern
ments allied with the imperial govern
ment of Germany, because they nave
not made war upon US or challenged US
to defend our right and our honor. The
AustrO- Hungarian government has, in
deed, avowed its unqualified tndorse-
ment and acceptance OF the reckless
and lawless submarine warfare adopted
now without disguise by the imperial
German government. and il has there
fore not been possible for this govern
ment to receive Count Tarnowski, the
ambassador recently accredited to this
government by the imperial and royal
government of Austria-Hungary, but
that government has not actually en-
gagged In warfare against citizens Of
the United States on the seas, and |
take the liberty, for the present at
least, of pOstponing a discussion or
our relations with the authorities at
Vienna.
We enter this war only where We are
clearly forced into ii because there Is
no other means of defending our rights.
II will be all the easier for us TO
conduct ourselves as belligerents in a
high spirit of right and fairness be-
cause We act without animus, not with
enmity toward people or with the
desire to bring any injury or disad-
vantage upon them, but only In armed
opposition TO an irresponsible govern
ment which has thrown aside all con-
sideratlons Of humanity and of right
and IL running amuck.
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
Children Helped
In the Meantime

Many citizens who wore not In
terested in the personal fortunes OF
any OF the contending officials came TO
fear that the children and their wei
fare were being forgotten in the ex-
citement of the contest. Such was not
the case. The study of the institutions
proceeded In an orderly manner. All
those below standard. but willing to
improve. were helped TO do so. From
such rs remained obdurate the city
wards and city funds were withheld.
To-day there is not one of the institu-
tions which were below standard which
has not been materially improved ard
many Of them have attained more thsn
the minimum requirements and are
now again receiving city wards and
city funds.
Believing that even a poor private
home Is better for q child than a good
public institution. the Commi ssioner has
since established the Children's Home
Bureau for the purpose Of placing
babies and young children either IN
boarding homes or in private homes
for adoption. By this means each
month over one hundred of the citys
homeless children are placed in COM
Portable private homes.
These are a few Of the outstanding
achievements OF Commissioner cf
Charities with social vision enough 10
see what should be done and political
courage enough to do II, supported ~
q fearless Mayor equally endowed with
social vision. Shall their work Co.'S
unusf -
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
Waits Now Receive
Expert Medical Attention

AFTER two interim appointments. DR..
William Burgess Cornell, physician
specially trained for work with the
feeble minded. was made medical di-
rector of the institution, TO work with
DR.. Fernald. All the children Of nor
nal mentality were removed to homes
or to other institutions, many to the
Metropolitan Hospital, where a chill
dren's pavilion was opened for the first
time. All unpaid and extremely low
paid workers were dismissed. Organ
iZed and constructive training was ex-
tended from the 300 who had had it in
1913 to over 1900. A paid resident
medical staff Of eight physicians was
developed TO establish methods for the
detection and prevention of disease. A
central board OF psychiatrists was or
ganized. There are now three dentists
on the staff, giving a full days service
for the entire week. Diagnosis and
classification are made in clinic for
atypical children. Low grade imbeciles
are being instructed in the making Of
shoes, chairs. baskets and rugs. They
also have n kindergarten. Ten play
grounds with attendants have been pro-
vided for the children. And instead Of
the unattractive one-piece calico dresses
formerly worn by the girls, they are
now provided with blus skirts and
MILDLY blouses."
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
Let Us Make Clear
What Our Motives Are

While We do these things. these deep
Is r,Omentous things, let Us be very
clear, and make very clear to all the
world. what our motives and our objects
are. My own thought has not been
driven from It's habitual and normal
course by the unhappy events Of the
last two months. and ] do not be-
iieve that the thought Of the nation
has been altered or clouded by them.
have exactly the same things In
mind row that ] had in mind when
! addressed the Senate on the 22d of
January last: the same that ] had In
mind when addressed Congress on
the Sd Of January and on the 10Th Of
February. Our object now, "a then.
II TO yindicste the principles Of peace
and Justice In the life Of the world az
against selfish and autocratic power.
and 10 set up among the really free and
self governed peoples of the world such
concert Of purpose and Of action as
will henceforth Insure the observance
Of those principles.
Neutrality IL no longer feasible or
desirable where the peace OF the world
in involved and the freedom Of It's peO-
plies. and the menace 10 that peace and
freedom lies In the existence Of auto.
cratic governments backed by or
gsnixed force which is controlled wholly
by their will, not by the Will Of their
people. We have seen the last Of neu-
traIlty In such circumstances. We are
at the beginning Of an age In which II
Will bs insisted that the same stand.
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
Children No Longer
To Be Neglected

whatever the change OF politics or
OF administration, the conscience OF
New York City will no longer allow
its unfortunate foster children to be
neglected. This administration has
taught the community that its duty is
not only to feed and clothe these un-
fortunate children properly, but to
make them as happy as possible. There
is nothing in which !, as Mayor, find
greater satisfaction than in knowing
that when lay aside my duties | shall
have done something TO improve the
condition Of the children on RandalPs
Island"
The following history of the changes
First Deputy Commissioner OF Public
Charities Henry c. Wright, acting for
the present city administration, has
made on the island were stated in a re-
cent Department of Public Charities re-
port:
Conditions on Randall's Island in
1918 were far from what they should
be. The superintendent, Mrs. Mary C..
Dunphy, who had been in Office for
more than forty years, was physically
unable to inspect above the ground
floor any Of the forty-five buildings Of
the institution. OF the helpers, only
fifty-seven received above $50 month,
1870 received Sl5, and ninety-five $40.
The children 20 large extent were
subjected to the tender mercles OF these
helpers, some of whom had learned how
to beat them without leaving scars, a
practice they taught their colleagues
for a consideration.
Several of the buildings had been
built in 1885, and eleven built before
1869 were still used. The latter had
neither been modernized nor were they
In decent repair"
When DR.. Walter E. Fernald, super
intendent of the Massachusetts, School
for the Feeble Minded, at Waverly,
Mass, became consulting physician for
the Randall's Island Institution, he
said:
II have thoroughly examined the
buildings at Randall's Island, several of
which are very old and dilapidated and
are not fit for human habitation. These
buildings were constructed with very
thin brick walls. with small windows;
with damp, unventilated Easements.
wooden floors, etc. The plumbing and
heating piping and fixtures are worn
out beyond repair. The old piping, etc,
and the wretched insanitary floors Of
the toilets and bathrooms create an al
most incredibly insanitary condition.
The floors are much decayed and very
offensive and insanitary. The plaster
ing is in very bad repair
"The outside brick walls have wooden
laths on wooden studding, with no fire.
stopping. There are many wooden
sheathing partitions. and stairways
from the fiist to the second floor are OF
wood. with wooden sheathing stairway
partitions. These wooden stairwsys in
these fimsily constructed buildings.
erowdad with beds filled with helpless
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
Not Thinking OF
Property Involved

This minimum Of right the German
government has swept aside under the
blea of retaliation and, necessity ana
because il had no weapons which Il
could use AZ sea except these, which Il
i- impossible 20 employ as 1t is en-
ploving them without throwing to the
wind all scruplts of humanity or OF
r,srect for the Understandings that
we're supposed TO underlie the inter
course OF the world.
am not now thinking of the loss OF
property involved, immense and serious
as that is, but only Of the wanton and
Wholesale destruction Of the lives o.
non -combatants. men, women and chill
dren, engaged in pursuits which have
always. even in the darkest periods OF
modern history, been deemed innocent
and legitimate. Property can be paid
for; the lives of peaceful and innocent
people can not be. The present German
fubmsrine warfare against commerce
is a warfare against mankind.
Il war against all nations. Amer
lean ships have been sunk, American
lives taken. in ways which IL has stirred
us Nery deeply TO learn Of, but the ships
and people of other neutral and friend
~ nations have been sunk and over
whelmed in the waters in the same way
There has been no discrimination.
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
By Jeanne Stevens

Martha Gray Is the best dancer In the
girls class a. the Home for Feeble
Minded on RandalIs Island. A little
while ago. when she was sent through
the Department of Public Charities to
this "homelike refuge in the East
River" her mental growth was retard-
ed four years-that is, she was then
twelve and her mind was the mind OF
child of eight-and she was afraid
of her own shadow. A Children's Soci-
ETY. had sent Martha TO home near
Ithaca, where she had been beaten, and
II she hadn't been rescued when she
was It Is conceivable that she might
have become an imbecile permanently.
There are 1,449 other Martha Grays
and Johnny Grays learning to weave
and knit and sew and keep house. as
well as to read and write and play,
who study manual training and work in
the garden, on Randall's Island, where
four years ago only 900 of the 1000
inmates received any kind Of training.
All OF which is one way Of saying that
this city administration has felt that
no effort Is too great nor any expendi-
ture i'll placed il one is TO find where
the little glimmer of light in the men
tally deformed mind leads to. Many
and many child who has drltted up to
the little island as bit of life's waste
material. after a few years training
may now actually become self-support-
ing" 3,
At a cornerstone laying on the island
last September for group Of new
buildings which will cost sl,600,ooo to
replace others that had long outlived
their usefulness, Mayor Mitchell said;
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
minioE. We seek no indemnitIes fol-
ourselves. no material compensation for
the sacrifices we shall freely make. We

are but one Of the champions OF The
rights of mankind. We shall be salts
fed when those rights have been made
as secure as the faith and the freedom
Of nations can make them.
Just because we fight without rancor
and without selfish object, seeking moth,
ing for ourselves but what we shall
wish TO share with all free people, we
shall. feel confident, conduct our
operations as belligerents without pas
sion and ourselves observe with proud
punctilo the principles Of right, and
of fair play we profess to be nghtins
for.
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
Twenty-six Institutions
Below Standard

This committee, with Commissioner
Doherty, formulated a series Of reason
able standards covering the various
phases Of child caring and then pro-
ceeded TO measure the efficiency Of the
institutions in reference TO these
standards. As result Of its initial in
vestigations the committee discovered
twenty-six institutions which fell short
Of the standards fixed, or indeed OF any
decent standards. OF these delinlIan:
institutions fourteen were under Prot
estant auspices, and the remainder
Roman Catholic. OF the six lnst.tu-
tions which measured up to tho re-
quirements, three were Roman Cath
olic, two Jewish and one Protestant.
These facts assured the committee both
that its standards were not unrcason-
able and that no one religious faith
had a monopoly either Of the best or
the worst institutions; although, on
the whole, the Roman Catholic and the
Hebrew institutions made a better
showing than the Protestant. In the
worst Of these institutions the childrtn
were both underfed and overworSeI
Under the guise OF vocational training
young girls Of twelve and fourteen
were required to get up At o. ) in
the morning and bend all day over
washtubs and ironing boards. Their
education was Of the scantiest and OF
tho most primitive type and they had
no recreation worthy of the name.
In some Of these homes the children
were required to march In single file
to their meals and 10 sit In silence
while they ate. The food was coarse.
scant and monotonous. The yards for
so-called exercise and recreation were
small. dark. damp and covered with
fagstones,. The sleeping quarters were
without furniture save the loosely
packed little iron beds. The children
were dirty and vcrminous. The school
Ing WAS poor and the teachers
wretchedly underpnid.
The medical supervision was lax and
there was little or nothing to Prevent
contagious diseases, once started, from
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
All Institutions
Were Classified

These institutions were indeed In
spected by the State Board Of Charities
and by them grouped into various
grades. All which were above a GER
tain grade were given certificates
which authorized them to receive pub
lie funds. Commissioner Kingsbury
was not content to rely implicitly upon
these authorizations. II seemed to him
an illogical system for q state body
to give authorizations for the expendi-
ture Of city funds. Consequently, he
determined to develop for himself
some means Of knowing what institu-
tions were giving tho city full quid
pro quo and what were not. Accord
ingly, he intrusted Second Deputy
Commissioner William J. Doherty. who
has immediate charge of the depart
ment's relations with all institutions
other than its own, with the duty of
inve stigating and classifying all the
child caring institutions Of the city
to which are committed the city's up
ward Of $4,000 child wards. To add
Commissioner Doherty in this difficult
and delicate task an advisory COM
mittee Of three experts In child caring
work was appointed.
Brother Barnabas, the head and
creator Of the Lincolndale Agricultural
School for Boys, a model Roman Ca:h-
olic institution, a branch Of the Cath
oiic Protectory of New York CITY; DR.;
Ludwig Bernstein, the develope; and
the superintendent of the Hebrew Shell
tering Guardian Society's school at
Pleasantville, n. T., one Of the most
successful Jewish schools in the coun'
try. and DR.. R. r. Reedsr, the creator
and the head Of the New York Orphan:
age at Hastings-on-the-Hudson, one OF
the foremost Protestant institutions
for children. Commissioners Doher;y
himself Is no less an expert In work
among children, having been for ~
teen years the head Of the Catholic
Home Bureau, an organization fo- the
placing Of Catholic children in private
homes.
New-York tribune., 1917-11-04
No Provision Made
for Contagious Diseases

Completely helpless children were
put in the upper floors Of these build
ings, 'out of the way" the depart
ment report continues. -Four hundred
normal children were cared for with
the feeble minded. There were no
screens on the kitchen, dining or ward
rooms TO protect the children from
flies. So meagre were the provisions
for isolation that contagious diseases,
once started, spread unchecked. The
food was badly cooked and served in
6 careless and unpleasing manner.
Early in 1915 Mayor Mitchell and
Controller Prendergast made a tour
Of Randall's Island. After the Mayor
had seen flies crawling over the faces
Of low-grade imbeciles, who were in
capable of brushing them off, and after
he had smelled the stencil Of some
parts Of the buildings, he said. II do
nothing else during my administration.
! shall clean out this foul hole DR..
Fernald's institution was visited, and
almost at once 100000 was voted 70
begin the work of rehousing. Six
months later million dollars was ap-
propriated with which to complete the
work
"On February II, 1915. Commission
er of Public Charities Kingsbury sent
for Mrs. Dunphy and, after calling her
attention 10 conditions, pointed out
that the evidence he had in his possess
sion had not been put in the form Of
charges but that 1t would be put In
that form il necessary.
Mrs. Dunphy replied with heat:
Three former commissioners have
tried TO oust me and have failed. I've
beaten them and III beat you also.
You'll find you've started something
you can't finish
1.-TWO weeks later, the findings having
been put in the form Of charges, Mrs.
Dunphy was suspended pending their
disposal. After series of delays, dur
ing which, according to physicians
certificates, Mrs. Dunphy had been af-
flicted with nineteen different ailments.
she appeared before the Commissioner
In answer TO the charges, presented
her defence and was dismissed from
Office.
"In the mean time Robert W. Heb
berd. secretary Of the State Board Of
Charities and former Commissioner Of
Public Charities, together with one OF
the members of the state board, called
on Corporation Counsel Polk and told
him that unless the charges were with
drawn it would not be possible to avert
an investigation Of the Department of
Public Charities by the State Board Of
Charities. When Mr.. Polk went to the
Mayor, the Mayor said: Let them go
ahead and investigate; the charges will
not be withdrawn About ten days be-
fore Mrs. Dunphy's dismissal the in
vestigation started. but before long
was discontinued. Mrs. Dunphy applied
to the courts for reinstatement without
success