davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1917-11-25
Million Worknm@m Mlakmg Steel for Use i'm the War

skip buckets which take less than a
minute to raise their contents from the
ground into the furnace. A single load
is from fifteen to thirty thousand
pounds. and the pulling Of lever raises
this to the height of eighty feet and
drops 1t into the furnace. 1t requires
two tons Of ore for each charge. The
limestone and coke go the same way.
and the furnace is practically filled with
the aid of one man. The handling of
the iron and Stag as they come from
the furnace is largely done by machin-
cry, and iron, steel and electricity do
most Of the work.
Steel making is rapidly becoming an
exact science and everything is tested
by chemical and physical analysis. The
ore is analyzed when 1t comes from the
mine, and it is analysed again at the
furnaces. The limestone is analyzed and
SO is the coke, and when the pig iron
flows forth a sample is taken from every
forty-ton ladle and carried away to
the laboratory to see that it is exactly
right for the making of steel There
are more than one hundred chemists
at Gary alone, and there is practically
an equal number at South Chicago.
Their work goes on day and night and
they aid in the experiments made for
saving the waste as well as to the
bettering Of the steel.
Few people realize how closely the
Evening star., 1917-11-25

of pessimism is raised. The conclusion
which seems to be carried in the Ger
man newspaper articles Is that Ger
many must make the most of the
European continental situation to COM
pensate for the lean years that are
ahead in regaining overseas trade.
Much Is hoped from RUSSIA That
situation for the present however, has
to be left to itself. In the meantime
attention Is turned to Italy.
Frank recognition must be given to
the economic value to Germany of the
armies which she has been able to pour
over the Alps and the Italian territory
she has been able to occupy. This is
regardless of the final outcome of the
supreme struggle in arms on the
northern plains.
1t is assumed by economists who
study trade and Industrial conditions
that. aside from any direct military
advantage OF a temporary character.
Germany expects to reap permanent
commercial advantage by curbing
I:aly's trade aspirations. Whatever
the outcome of the ultimate peace ne
gotiations may be. Italy's future In
commerce and industry has been seri-
ously clouded by the recent reverses.
The irridentists. who sought the resto-
ration Eot only of the Trentino and the
Alpine territory held by Austria. as
well as Trieste. the queen city OF the
Evening star., 1917-11-25

der the charter Of 1912, tho charter un-
der which the mayor was elected by the
city council instead Of being appointed
by the President.
When. Mr.. weightman became proni-
nent in local politics he was in the
book and stationery business, having
bought the store Of William Duane at
9Th street. Under the administration Of
Mayor Rapine Mr.. Weightman appears
in the common council with George
Blagden, the president: William Worth
fngton, Toppan Webster, William P.
Gardiner, James Hewitt Thomas II.
Gilliss. Edmund Law. Elexius Middle
ton. Matthew Wright, John Dobbyn and
John W. Brashears.
Under the first three Of tho four
1914 and 1s15-Mr. Weightman was
president of the common council. hav-
ing among his associates on the board
Of aldermen and in the council Alex
ander Mccormick. James Hoban, VIII
liam Waters. Peter Lenox. James
Hewitt. William Emack. Joseph Cassin.
John Davis Of Abel. William Worthing-
Charles Glover, Thomas II. Gilliss. Ed
mund Law. Elexius Middleton. Thomas
Howard, Shadrach Davis. Thomas Hal
liday. George McCauley, Joseph Gales,
jr.: Toppam Webster. George Way.
William Knowles. James NJ. varnum.
William H. Lyles. Butler Cooke. John
G. Mcdonald, James Thompson, Joseph
Thomas Dunn and Israel Little. He
was a member Of the board OF alder
men in 1920 and 1921 in the admins
tration of Mayor Samuel N. Smallwood,
and associated with him were alder
men and councilmen whose names are
Evening star., 1917-11-25

population, and natural sentiment clusters
SO strongly around 1t, that once occupied
by an Italian army no government at
Rome which proposed to abandon 1t In a
peace settlement would be able to stay
in power over night. Yet. 1t was recog-
nized that to deprive Austria OF Trieste
was to shut her up. and that this would
mean no lasting peace for either her or
for Germany.
The naturalization OF Trieste in SO far as
related to commerce was one Of the sug-
gestions put forward as a means OF solv-
ing the intricate problems that would
arise in the peace negotiations rms
might or might not have suited Italy. put
since the allies have been directing her
military operations they may be expected
to have something to say about the direc-
tions which her peace policy shall take
in reference to Trieste and the Adriatic.
1t may be assumed that all the allies,
no less than Germany. will now be CIV
ing close thought to Italy's Industrial
and commercial status after the war.
Previous to hostilities Italy was pretty
largely under the domination of German
finance. The Germans were interested
in the principal Italian banks. and
many of the leading industries of the
country. although nominally Italian. in
reality were German. 1t was this Ger
man financial influence that was the
most potent instrument of Berlin in the
early days of the war; when the allies
Evening star., 1917-11-25

an even greater extent at the foot of
Lake Michigan. There are by-product
coke plants at both South Chicago and
Gary. The Gary plant is one Of the
largest in the country. 1t consumes
10000 tons of coal every twenty-four
hours, and the coal is the best that
can be obtained. 1t comes from the
Pocahontas mines, the quality OF which
is equal to that Of the Cardiff mines
of England.
And now let me tell you something
about the soldiers of this great branch
OF our industrial army. AS have said.
there are more than a million iron and
steel makers now In the ranks and they
are among the most efficient of our
troops here at home. There are more
than 100000 men in the employ of the
United States Steel Corporation alone,
and here at the foot of Lake Michigan
they have twenty or thirty thousand
working away in the plants have de-
scribed. A large number of the men are
foreigners, many being Russians and
Poles They are nearly all patriots, and
they are subscribing literally to the
Red Cross funds and the liberty bonds.
When the Y. NJ. c. A. raised it's first war
fund of $4,000. 900. $1,000 was expected
from South Chicago. The matter was
brought before the employees Of the Illi-
nois Steel Company there, and 1t was
suggested that each of them give the
pay Of one hour q month for the term
of eight months. Nearly every eno-
ploye promised to do this, and the r..
suit was that they raised $4,000 IN.
stead Of three thousand.
FRANK G. CARPENTER
Evening star., 1917-11-25

great industrial plants of today watch
the pennies. and how much they will
spend to save a fraction of n cent In
process. Last year the Illinois Steel
Company spent one million dollars on
it's docks that 1t might save forty-fve
minutes unloading each steamer. They
will spend thousands of dollars to save
cents, provided they think the saving
will continue. and, at South Chicago and
Gary they are now coming millions out
of the stuff that only a few years ago
f1oated away on the air. The gas from
these furnaces formerly went to waste.
Today it is saved, and used for heating
the stoves which furnish the blast and
for running the machinery of whole
plant. 1t goes to the boilers, where it
generates steam, and to gas engines
which are used for blowing air and
generating electric power. In one station
at the Illinois steel plants l saw 5000
horsepower created in this way. and I
went through large rooms where dynamos
were running through the waste gas of
the furnace.
One of the latest things in gas saving
is washing this gas from the smelling
in order that the iron dust In it may
be saved and melted over again. In
this process the gas is passed through
water which washes 1t, the iron dust
falling to the bottom In the form of a
flour. 1t is too fine to be smelted, but
it is put through processes which trans
form it to Jumps the size of a peanut
or larger. These nuts can then be
turned back into the furnaces. and
made into steel.
One of the great problems of steel
Evening star., 1917-11-25

Adriatic, were moved more by senti-
ment than material considerations.
But italian statesmen who directed
Itaiy's foreign policy. knew that the
realization of this dream rested on In
dustry and trade.
They looked for a new Industrial
Italy. with a widened commercial in
tercourse. as the principal benefit Of re-
gaining the territory held by Austria
and of extending territorial dominion
across the Adriatic into the Albanian
mainland and in the islands Of the
Ionian sea.
The Tripoli territory in Africa. which
was wrested from Turkey by force of
arms, was the beginning of that expan-
sion. Trentino and Trieste and the AL
banian coast and islands in the Ionian
were to be its natural complement, which
would satisfy the national aspiration for
a greater Italy. How much of that is for
ever past the future must determine, but
unQuestionably a great diplomatic and
military issue is involved in the status of
Italy as determined by the German mill
tary occupation
To Germany 1t is Of supreme importance
to keep Italy in the state Of economic de-
pendency, which was her condition be-
fore the war. 1t is essential that Genoa
and Trieste be kept under control as the
arteries of commerce for south Germany.
Nor is 1t possible, under any conditions.
for Austria. as well as Germany, to de-
Evening star., 1917-11-25

auctioneer and commission merchant,
north side. between 10th and 11th.
Then there were S. Masi's jewelry
and fancy store, east Of the National
Hotel; Andrew r. Jenkins. Metropolis
House. at the Avenue and jackson
alley; Browns Indian Queen Hotel (the
Metropolitan): A. Fuller & Co.'S City
Hotel. at the Avenue and 14th. on the
Willard corner; Miss Morley's millinery
store. on the north side, near 9Th; NJ.
H. Stevens and Emmons. successors to
Fish & Co., hat and fancy goods, under
Browns: D. o. Hare, seal engraver,
south side. near the corner of 18th;
William Mel. Cripps. chair and sofa
factory. 11th street. Ave doors north Of
the Avenue, the site now covered by
The Star building; Joseph R. Thomp-
son. tailor. under Coleman's Hotel:
Henry Kuhl. candy store. between 18th
and 18th; Young & Steer. tailors, one
door east of Browns: Woodward &
Kings American hardware house. be-
tween 10th and 11th; w. B. Lewis.
+clothing and shirt depot" north side.
clock and matchmaker. between 18th
and 18th; John W. Baden. successor to
r. NJ. Waring. hardware, south side.
three doors west of 9Th: Nine. Della
rue. millinery. between 18th and 18th;
James Davis, tavern, corner of the Ave-
nue. and 6th; Richard I. Davis. music
store. south side. between 10th and
north side, between 3rd and ~.
will recall Hope Dawson's coffee house.
on the north side between 14th and
18th; Mark Dubant's barber shop.
north side between 18th and 18th;
Francis A Dunn's tobacco store, north
side between I'd and Cd; W. Egan &
Evening star., 1917-11-25

E1liot's building, north side between
Sd and AZ streets; Garrett Anderson,
bookseller, north side between 11th
and 18th; William F. Bayly, bookseller.
north side between 11th and 18th: G.
Brooke & Co., books, Avenue and 18th;
Thomas Berry. marble mouments, near
18th. adjoining the National Theater:
Browns Hotel; William B. Todd, halter.
Concert Hall building, six doore west of
Browns; DeCamp & Tretler. book
binders, Avenue and 11th: Edward Hall.
grocer, north side between 7th and Sth:
National daguerrean gallery. Concert
Hall Building: E. Wheeler, hardware,
south side. near the corner of 7th;
Mann's cash store. north side, two
doors west Of AZ; Newton & Lewis
store. one door east Of the Odeon; Has
lup & Weeden. coachmakers. Avenue
and 18th, south side; John T. Downs,
candy and cigars. north side between
9Th and 10th; Francis Y. Naylor, stove
manufactury, south side near Sd;
Douglass Moore. paperhanger and up
holsterer. north side between 9Th and
north side east Of Gadsbys and
the st. Charles Hotels: Campbell
Coyle. hardware, opposite Browns;
L. S. Beck and ]. H B. Beck,
houeefurnishfngs, south side between
9Th and 10th: Adams & Co.'S Express,
north side between 3rd and AZ; Nj. Du-
lany, drugs and paints. Avenue and Az;
+. H. Kings Congress Hotel formerly
Jewett & Kings. opposite Coleman's
and 18th; John Byrne. bootmaker. ad-
joining the National Theater: John P.
Pepper, marble yard, south side, east
OF Colemans Hotel; Benjamin Homans,
Evening star., 1917-11-25

times. new construction is going on
at both plants. Gary is building four
new blast furnaces and q great es-
tablishment for making wheels of
forged steel. She Is putting in four
teen boilers to utilize the waste heat
of her open-hearth furnaces and is in
stalling new engine shops, new boiler
shops and other works for increasing
the by-products. At the Illinois steel
plant they are installing electric open
hearth furnaces. extending their
foundries. building great gas-driven
blowing engines and adding to their
establishments for turning out Besse-
mer steel.
l despair of making you see the I'M
mensity of these mighty creations and
the wonderful equipment they furnish
for fighting the war. Take the blast
furnaces. The Illinois and Indiana
steel companies have twenty-nine.
which are now blazing away night and
day. They work holidays and Sundays,
year in and year out, and since they
have been built many of them have
been smelling iron continuously for
SO per cent of their running time.
Each of these furnaces is as big
around as a haystack and as tall as
an eight-story house. 1t has four
great stoves almost as big and
twenty feet higher, which heat the
Evening star., 1917-11-25

pend entirely on the North sea and the
Baltic as outlets for her trade activities.
A very respectable portion OF Austrian
commerce before the war was through
these ports Trieste was Austrian. and.
therefore, to all intents and purposes. was
German.
Genoa was, is and will be Italian. but
as a port Gerrnany's facilities were as
free and full as that of any port on the
Mediterranean, while Austria was not
concerned with any place except Trieste.
This is the first consideration which
the German Industrial autocracy will
have In mind in connection with the mil
itary movements and their bearing on
ultimate peace. To them Genoa and
Trieste are the vital issue of the military
campaign.
Conservative statesmen in the councils
of the entente allies, notwithstanding the
horror which Germanys atrocities have
produced throughout the civilized world,
have been ready to recognize this situa-
ton. 1t was they who discouraged the
talk of an economic war to the death
after the war of arms. They were will
ing that, in the final adjustment Ger
many should be assured Of free access to
the Mediterranean.
When Gen. Cadorna's aggressive mill
tary operations were at the highest and
there seemed a possibility of his taking
Trieste, 1t was recognized that. while
this was highly desirable from the mill
tary point Of view. its possession by Italy
might cause some embarrassment in the
ultimate diplomatic settlement.
Trieste is SO overwhelmingly Italian in
Evening star., 1917-11-25

were exerting themselves to secure her
support.
After it was found that popular SEN
in going to war as an ally of the CEN
trail powers. Berlin diplomacy was ex-
erted to keep Italy neutral. The popu-
lar will. however, prevailed. anu In
spite of the German financial grip
Italy ranged herself on the side OF the
entente allies. British statesmen rec
ognized that something more than war
loans were necessary to meet the situa-
ton. They knew that Italian industries
would need aid during the war, and
that when peace came the need would
be more urgent in order to keep Ger
many from regaininS what she had
lost.
A plan was devised for the British
financing of Italian trade. A company
was formed in England. known as the
"Anglo-Italian Corporation" with the
purpose of gaining a foothold in the
italian markets, as well as of control
ling industrial enterprises. The Brit
ish government became in effect n
partner in this corporation, since it
advanced part of the capital
A similar corporation was formed in
Italy, which had the backing of the
Italian government, although no sub
sidy was provided. The directorates
were interlocking. but the real control
remained in England. Not much has
Evening star., 1917-11-25
BY CHARLES M. PEPPER.

~ ERMANY'S trade policy is in
m the background of the italian
N 81 military situation Berlin in
~ formation by way Of Copen-
hagen has stated that in the midst OF
the general exultation an increasing
amount of attention Is devoted by the
newspapers to the growing difficulties
of re-establishing German foreign
trade after the war.
This is frank admission that Ger
many IS looked upon as an outlaw in
commerce as well as in war. It is
pointed out that the diplomatic breaks
with the Latin American countries and
with China, while they may have no
serious military significance, are bad
signs for the future when Germany
seeks to find foreign markets. In the
case of China there is the admission
that with Japan as one of the allies.
German commerce is going to have a
supremely difficult task to re-establish
itself in the orient.
More hope is expressed regarding
South America, but even here a note
Evening star., 1917-11-25

Sons dry goods store. south side BE-
tween eth and 7th: Mrs: Eimer's TO.
DaSco sheD n0rta :iS: sSsa
south side between eth and 10th:
Robert Farnham's stationery store.
northeast corner OF the Avenue ana
sn orth a,a. aish ssx
18th; Fitxgerald's Tavern. north side
between Sd and ~: James Calf, clock
and matchmaker. north side between
store s.n ana .outh aS1h sid. isss md
18th; z. D. Gilman's apothecary shop.
north side between 9Th and 7th:
Thomas B. Grimn's shoe. store. north
'Hamilton's millinery shop. south side
between eth and 10th: Andrew Ham
cocks coffee house. south side between
18th and 18th: T. R. Hampton Sons
Hoover. shoemaker. south side between
9Th and 7th: B. l. jackson Bros. gro
GERS. south side between 6th and eth:
Robert Keyworth. jewelry. near eth:
tween 10th and 11th: +. c. Liable.
dancing teacher. south side near 18th:
Joseph Lafontaine, confectioner, north
side between I'd and Sd: James H. Lusbys
~; Michael McDermott. coachmaker.
south side. corner of Sd: James Nc
Grath's Washington Coffee House.
southwest corner Of the Avenue and 9Th:
D. MASi po&roing mousse. ooutnee3I
corner Of the Avenue and ~. and the
Mast 3ewelry stores between AZ and
6th and 9th and 10th: Middleton q
BeaH, grocers. south side near eth:
William M. Morrison's book store. north
side between 9Th and 7th near the CEN
ter of the block; Selby Parker. fancy
store, north side between 9Th and 10th:
Richard Patton. mathematical tnstru-
ment maker. south side between 10th
and l1th: John Aliens dry goods store.
UfA 40
dry goods store, north side between
11th and 18th; Samuel Bacon & Co..
grocers. southeast corner OF the Ave-
nue. and 7th: Baltimore and Ohio rail-
road depot. corner Of the Avenue ana
I'd: Darius ciaggett's dry goods store.
corner Of the Avenue and eth. and Jo-
seph Beardsley's candy store, the north
side between 18th and 18th.
A few Of the other business places
were those of Semmes & Murray. gro
GERS: Charles Stott's drug store. north
east corner of the Avenue and 7th:
John Sergeant's bookbindery. north
side between 11th and 18th: M A. Pill
ing's trimming store" north side be-
tween 11th and 18th, and Joseph Pill
ing's leather store. near 9Th: Polkin-
horn & Campbell's trunk and harness
store. near 9Th. and Provost & Walling-
ford's billiard saloon, on the north
side near AZ.
Among the lottery offices on the Ave-
nue. were those of J. H. France. John
France. James France. Henry Howison
and John w. Maury. The tailors. In
addition to those mentioned. were Du-
vail & Bros, Christian Ecklon. Sam
uel Fowler, George A. Knott, Lane q
Tucker. Lusby & Duvall. w. T. Jen-
nings & Co. and Owens. Evans Co.
The physicians were c. BOYLE. C. H
Van Patten. James c. Hall, H Haw
and Spencer Mitchell. Among the Ave-
nue. claim agents were Charles De
Selding, William A. Bradley. T. L
Thruston and L. Blanchard True
The boarding houses between Sd and
~ were those OF Mrs. Matilda Ham
ilton, Mrs. Holmead and Mrs. A H.
Scott; between ~ and 9Th those of
Mrs. E. T. Arguelles and Mrs. Gassaway.
and between 9Th and 7th those Of Mrs.
Mary Adams. Mrs. E. Harrison, Mrs.
Leedburg. Mrs Middleton. Mrs. NJ E.
Morgan and Mrs. Isabella Walker.
Evening star., 1917-11-25

still familiar to Washington people,
among them being William w. Seaton,
William Prout. Nicholas l. Queen.
Daniel Carroll of Duddfngton, Charles
W. Goldsborough. Thomas Carbery.
John strother, Hanson Gassaway. Bar
Ingle. James H. Handy and George
Blagden.
Mr.. Weightman was elected mayor
in 1924. 1926 and 1925. and among his
aldermen and councilmen were Charles
Glover, William NJ. Seaton. George Wat
terston. Peter Force. Griff1th Coombe.
Adam Lindsay. Peter Lenox. William
James Larned, John Coyle. jr.; William
H. GunneI. Jonathan Prout. James
Carbery and others whose names are
not quite SO familiar to present-day
Washingtonians.
The Rambler, as he constructed q list
of the business houses and the resi-
dents along the Avenue from the Capt.
structed list Of the business houses
and Offices of professional men on the
Avenue in 1840-1S45. and most Of these
business places and offices continued
on the Avenue until the civil war, and
some of the names survive to this day.
4
~
Among the business houses were those
of A. Green. auctioneer. in Concert Hall
building. north side between 9Th and
7th streets: John E. Morse. billiard
parlor. one door west Of F'uller's Hotel.
and Walter Stewart. billiard hall. a
few doors west of Fullers Hotel, north
side between 14th and 18th; Will
Adams, newspapers and periodicals,
Evening star., 1917-11-25

AIr. Johnson's first wife was the daugh-
corner of 11th and G streets. On the
day Of his funeral the remains were
taken from his house to st. Patrick's
Church. The cortege was led by six
altar boys and Father Walter. and be-
hind the casket wal led the children of
st. yincent's and S. Joseph's Orphan
Asylums. The Oldest Inhabitants AS
sociation was one Of the organizations
in the funeral column. The pallbearers
were Nicholas Callan, Edward Simms,
W. Orme. ]. Carroll Brent. John Purdy,
G. Bestor. Moses Kelley and J. c. G.
Kennedy. The remains were placed in
the Mast vault in old st. Patrick's
burying ground and were later inferred
in that cemetery. When his will was
probated in September. 1872. it was
found that he had left bequests of
1000 each to st. Vincent's Female
Orphan Asylum, ST. Joseph's Male Or
phan Asylum and ST. AIMS Infant
Asylum, $500 to the Washington City
Orphan Asylum. $1,000 for the new
building for ST. Patrick's Church, 81, 900
to Sister II. Chantal Cummings for the
Sisters of the Visitation, $500 to Father
Walter and long list OF bequests to
kindred.
Mr.. Johnson's first wife was the daugh-
ter OF P. L. Duport, with whom he was
interested in the quaint little fancy and
tobacco store at the northwest corner of
the Avenue and 18th street A year or