The Athena press. [volume] (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, 1917-02-09
WOUNDS or HORSES.
First Aid lnsures Minimum Loss
of Service Of Animal.
LIABLE TO MANY INJURIES
Air Kept From Wound Causes Pain
to Pass RapldIy-Stop Flow OF
Blood by Several Methods
Use Antlseptic Fluids.
prepared by the United States Depart
mert of Agriculture.l

| 0eC ftHtioSPttS iA'uos
prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture)
To be able to render first aid" to
wounded horse, and to follow up
with proper treatment, not only in
sures a minimum loss of service of the
animal, but frequently saves its life.
porses are liable ordinarily to such
/ wounds as cuts, lacerations, contu-
sions, bruises, punctures and poisoned
wounds. They also may be burned or
scalded, incur troublesome harness or
saddle gals, or be afflicted with ul-
GERS, assesses, or fistulas.
An incised wound is simple cut
made with sharp body, like knife,
producing merely division of the tis-
sues. The duller the body the more
force is required, the more tissue de-
stroyed, the greater the time required
for healing. In cut wound the
edges are even and definite, while those
of lacerated wound are irregular and
torn. Three conditions are present as
result of an inclsed wound: (D Pain,
(2) hemorrhage, (3) gaping of the
wound. The first pain is due to the
crushing and tearing of the nerve
fibers The secondary pain is usually
due to the action Of the air and In
flammatory processes. When air is
kept from the wound pain ceases soon
after the lesion is produced. Bleeding
may be from the arteries, veins, or
capillaries. In the latter form of bleed
ing the blood oozes from the part in
drops. Hemorrhage from the veins
is dark red and issues In steady
stream without squirting. In arterial
bleeding the blood is bright red and
spurts with each heart beat. This lat
ter variety Of hemorrhage is the most
dangerous, and should be stopped at
once before attempting any, further
treatment. Bleeding from small veins
and capillaries ceases In short time
spontaneously, while larger vessels,
especially arteries, require some form
of treatment to cause complete stop |
page of the hemorrhage.
Stopping Hemorrhage.
Checking the flow Of blood may be |
accomplished by several methods, such |
as compress 5andages, torsion, hot
iron and ligatures. The application |
of an iron at red heat will cause the
immediate clotting of the blood In the
vessels, and this clot is further sup
ported by the production Of scab,
or crust, over the portion scared. If
the iron is at white heat, the tissue
is charred, which makes 1t brittle and
the bleeding Is liable to be renewed;
If at, black heat, the tissue will stick
to the iron and will pull away from
the surface of the wound. Cold wa
ter and ice bags quickly stop capillary
bleeding, while hot water Is preferable
In more excessive hemorrhages.
A solution of the chloride Of iron
placed on a wound alone or by means
Of cotton drenched in the liquid pro-
1uces rapid and hard clot. Tannic
acid, alum, acetic acid, alcohol, and
oil of turpentine are all more or less
lctive in this respect. To check bleed
ng from large vessels compression
nay be adopted. When it is rapid
ind dangerous and from an artery, the
ingers may be used for pressing be-
ween the wound and the heart (digital
compensatory, but If from vein, the
pressure should be exerted on the I
,ther side of the wound. Tourniquet
nay also be used by passing n strap
round the part and tightening after
,lacing a pad over the hemorrhage.
The rubber ligature has now replaced {
he tourniquet and is bound tightly {
round the limb to arrest the bleed {
ng. Tampons, such as cotton, tow, or '
akum, may be packed tightly In the |
round and then sewed up. After re- q
naming there for "a or 4S hours they Y
re removed. q
Bleeding may sometimes be easily d
hecked by passing a pin under the e
essel and by taking a horsehair and 6
orming a figure s by running 1t above a
nd below the pin, thus causing pres o
ure on the vessel. Torslon is the fl
visiting of the blood vessel until the f
'alls come together and form a bar o
er to the flow Of blood 1t may be
ccomplished by the fingers, forceps, n
7 by running pin through the yes
Fl, turning 1t several times, and II
len running the point into the tissue p
, keep it In fixed position. d
legation is another method for stop s.
Ing a hemorrhage. The blood vessel W
lould be seized with the artery for b
Fps 4 clean thread of silk passed W
round 1t, and tied about one-half inch p
'om Its end. The silk should be ster- W
2ed by placing it in an antiseptic b
'lution, so as not to impede the heal. IL
e process or cause blood-poisoning 7
lockjaw, which often follows the W
cation of Il vein with unsterilized
aterlal. Sometimes II will be i'm. T
AGSfthlA tn mach thD /