davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1917-05-31
rsTTTHTTT [IluL[Illll1llllla
& THE MINERAL POINT
= HIGH SCHOOL
sDTDUITTINTIIIIlI IlIILlI lllIIlLIIs

(
School closes fer the year on Friday
of this week,
The graduating exercises will be held
at the Municipal Theatre, Wednesday
night at S O'clock With the exception
of a few rows reserved for the families
Of the graduates, all seats will be free
to visitors The address will be dellv-
cred by President Royce Of the Platte
Vile Normal The following Is list
Of the graduates:
Bessie Jane Allen, Minnie E Clark,
Gertrude H. erase, Avis Daum, Isabel
G. Ellery, Carl C. Engels, Rudolph f.
Forrer, Herman j. Gilman, Ida {.
Goelz, John E. Gray, Frederick II.
Grunow, Ellen B. Hales, Walter
George Horn, Howard G. Hanscom,
Reuben M. Hughes. Marguerite Z.
Hupperts, Loretta j. Huxtable, DorcaS
L. Jacka, Frances E. Jelliffe, Alfred
D. Ludden, Horace Z. Martin, Russell
A. Meserole, Charles j. Morgan, Ruth
M. Murrish, Roy J. Penberthy, Thelma
E. Richards, Florence NJ. Ross, Ger
t1ude B. Schmit, Edna M. Schmitz,
Leroy O. Steller, Ruth Irene Walker,
John A. Walsh, Leila Lavon Whitford,
The patriotic exercises held at the
Municipal Theatre, Friday afternoon in
honor of the old soldiers was a great
success. The 600 children Of the pub
lie schools formed in procession at the
high school and headed by the high
school band, marched to the Theatre,
where the following program was gwen
to an appreclative audience which
packed the building:
Address, Mr. II. w Rood
May Pole Dance, Kindergarten
Songs of the Nation: Hail Columbia,
Eighth grade; Battle Hymn of the Re
public, pageant Of famous Americans,
Sixth grade, Columbus, Powhatan-
Pocahontas, Peter Stuyvesant-Dutch
girl, William Penn-Quaker girl, Puri
tan maid, George and Martha Wash
ington, Betsy Ross, Molly Pitcher,
General and Mrs Grant, Mr. and Mrs
Lincoln, Red Gross nurses; Marching
Through Georgia, Fifth Grade; The
New America. First grade, fourth
ward: The Girl I left behind me. A
Soldier Dream; Yankee Doodle, First
grade, H. S. building; Red, White and
Blue, Third grade; Maryland Tableau
Peace blessing Uncle Sam joining the
North and the South, Fourth grade; |
Dixie Southern Scene.
The Littlest Rebel, Loretta Huxtable !
Flag salute, Fourth grade
Solo, Just Before the Battle, Mother,
Everett Wiesen
Rose drill, Seventh grade
Star SpangIed Banner and flag trib-
ute, All grades
Mr. H. W. Rood of Madison addressed |
the high school during the assembly
period Friday morning.
Miss Cozzens is enjoying visit from
her parents of Pueblo, Colorado.
Friday morning letters were present
ed to the following students who had
represented the high school in inter
scholastic events during the year:
Sampson Paynter, basket ball, track;
Horace Martin, track;
{ Russell O'Hare, basket ball, track;
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1917-05-31
Seattle Releases BiIIy Sullivan.

Seattle, Wash, May 29.-Billy Sui
livan, former catcher for the Chicago
Americans, asked and obtained his
release from the Seattle Northern
league club. His future plans were not
announced.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1917-05-31
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH
c.. w. Emery, Pastor.

SUNDAY SERVICES.
Glass Meeting-9 80.
Morning Worship, 10:30.
Sunday School-11 As.
Junior League-3:00
Epworth League-6:30. A helpful hour
for all young people.
Evening Worship-7:30.
A cordial welcome to all our services
is extended. Strangers in the city are
especially invited.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1917-05-31
REGISTER

Every male person who has at
tanned his twenty first birthday
and has not reached the age Of
thirty one, must register without
regard to nationality, citizenship
or claimed exemption.
Honor attaches to the act Of
registration, and dishonor to the
the failure to do so. American
young men will register.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1917-05-31
TRINITY CHURCH NOTICES.

r. r. 0. Reed, Rector.
SUNDAY, MAY q:
Holy Communion, 500 a. N.
Holy Communion, 10:30,
Evening Prayer, 7:3O.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1917-05-31
LIBERATION JULY FOURTH
Mineral Point Will Have Splendid
Program of PatriotIc Exercises
and Field Day Sports.

Arrangements are making for a great
celebration of July in Mineral Point.
Further announcement later.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1917-05-31
MINERAL POINT PUBLIC LIBRARY

New Book on Our Nations Flag.
A new book by Mrs Frank l. Vance
containing a history Of our national
emblem from the time of the flag of
Spain to the present day. The laws re-
lating to the flag and It's correct usages
are also given; very attractive book
which is of interest to all especially at
this time.
The Plattsburgh Manual
A text book for federal training camps
which is recommended as the first book
for the citizen soldier to read. The
h4ok is SO clearly written that any
.ldier can thoroughly absorb its con
.nts in a very short time.
New Newspapers.
The Milwaukee Sentinel is now re-
ceived daily at the library, Farm and
Fireside, an agricultural paper publish
e twice a month, has been given to the
library by Mrs \. z. Harker.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1917-05-31

Mineral Point Fair, Aug. 1924, 1917
The Republican journal., 1917-11-15
Children CRY
FOR FLETCHER'S
CASTORIA
SOUTH MON1VlLLE.

Mrs. Andrew Berry has fine boy
baby.
Mr.. C. B. Dickey went to Portland
this week on business.
Mrs. j. W. Sukeforth has knit nine
pairs of stockings for the soldier boys.
w. E. Prescott and wife have gone to
Massachusetts,, where they will spend
the winter.
Mrs. j. W. Prescott is spending short
time with her son, Clyde RoweIl, of
Montville.
George Robin son, wife and two daugh-
tiers, were in Camden last week to see
her brother, Gorham Dean, who will
soon sail from New York to Africa.
Edwin Adams, who had been at home
for few weeks on account of his moth
er's sickness and death, returned to
Freedom this week to resume his studies.
Some of the ladies of the Willing
Workers met one day last week with
Mrs Carl L. Adams to finish quilt for
the sale. A picnic dinner was served.
The Willing Workers are interested in
Red Cross work and have sent one dozen
comfort bags and sixteen pillows to the
society at Belfast.
The Republican journal., 1917-11-15
LIBERTY.

c. M. Hurd was business visitor in
Belfast one day last week.
Mrs. W. j. Greeley and daughter, Miss
Ella, were visitors in Belfast Saturday.
Mrs. Wyman Tibbetts is passing few
weeks with relatives in Belfast and Rock
land.
Miss Hattie Bates who opened fancy
goods store in the Twitchell store last
spring has moved her goods to Deer Isle,
where she will engage in the same bust
ness with her sister.
Miss Mary Kent Davey has closed her
house for the winter and left last week
for Boston where she will pass the winter.
Her mother, Mrs. Samuel Davey will
pass the winter here with her daughter,
Mrs. L. F. Hurd.
Postmaster and Mrs. Gray went to Au-
gusta Saturday tosattend the wedding of
his sister, Miss Jane Gray. Miss Gray is
a graduate nurse of Newtonville, MASS,
Hospital, and was very popular in her
profession. The ceremony took place at
the home of her sister, Mrs. Guy O.
Vlckery, Augusta, Me.
The Republican journal., 1917-11-15
MORRILL,.

Milton Blake made short trip to Bos-
ton and vicinity last week.
The Ladies' Aid meets Thursday of
this week with Mrs. Bertha Mears.
Willard Nickerson from Colby, was an
over Sunday guest at DR.. Pearson's.
Emily Heal is visiting relatives in Rock
port.
Mrs. George Dow closed a successful
term of school in the Evans district last
Friday.
Norman Cross, one of our enlisted boys,
was home on three days furlough the
past week.
John Blake has moved his family from
their farm on Higgins Ridge to their win
ter home at the lower mills.
Mrs. Will Wentworth and two children
of Hartford, Cong, are visiting her sis
ter, Mrs. Elmer Hartshorn.
Congratulations are due Mr.. and Mrs.
Edwin Brown upon the birth of twins, a
girl and boy, born Nov. 18th.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lewis jackson have clos
ed their home and will spend the winter
in Augusta with their daughter, Mrs.
Josie Savage
Six from this place attended Waldo
Pomona Grange at Thorndike, Tuesday,
Nov. 9th, and reported oranges repre-
sented, 81 candidates received the fifth
degree.
The Republican journal., 1917-11-15
SWANVILLE CENTER.

Manter Murphy of Brooks is pressing
hay at Center Swanville.
II. P. White raised five hundred BUSH
els of turnips this year.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed. Thompson were in
Brooks Sunday, guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
John Hutchins.
Mr.. and Mrs. E. A. Robertson were
week END guests of Hon. and Mrs. C. M.
Conant of Winterport.
Mr.. Gross and Mrs. Briggs are with
Mrs. Willis Briggs for weekAwhile Mr.
Briggs is on hunting trip.
Mrs. E. E. Clement of Searsport had a
large red bud on one of her out of door
rose bushes partly blossomed Nov. 7th.
The bush came from California.
The little band of Red Cross workers
have made since Oct. 18th % comfort
pillows, II pairs of service socks, II pairs
wristers, mufflers, 8 sweaters, 2 face
cloths, 20 hospital shirts, and made and
filled q Christmas bags.
The Republican journal., 1917-11-15
Catarrh Cannot BE Cured

with LOCAL APPLICATIONS, as they
cannot reach the seat of the disease.
Catarrh is a local disease, greatly in
fluenced by constitutional conditions,
and in order to cure it you must take an
internal remedy. Halls Catarrh Medi-
cine is taken internally and acts through
the blood on the mucous surfaces of the
system. Halls Catarrh Medicine was
prescribed by one of the best physicians
in this country for years. 1t is composed
of some of the best tonics known, COM
bined with some of the best blood purifiers
The perfect combination of the ingredients
in Halls Catarrh Medicine is what pro-
duces such wonderful results in catarrhal
conditions. Send for testimonials, free.
F. j. CHENEY & CO., Props, Toledo, O.
All Druggists, 75c.
Halls Family Pills for constipation.
The Republican journal., 1917-11-15
Standpoint.

Business is booming at the shipyard
here.
Wilbur Crockett has moved to Winter
port.
Mrs. P L. Bates is in Rumford for a
visit.
Mrs. Annie Thompson has gone to Bos-
ton for the winter.
Mrs. Nash and Miss Louise Nash of
Bangor recently visited Mrs. Carrie
Healey.
Henry Davis has moved into the Sam'l
French house. He is employed in the
shipyard.
Mr.. John Perkins of Milo spent two
days of last week here, closing his cot
tage for the winter.
Mrs. Edna Cousins left Friday for Ban
gor, whe re she will spend the winter
with her daughter, Mrs. Albert Shute.
Mrs. Austin French has rented her
house to Henry Mcclellan of Mattapan,
Mass, who has employment at the ship
ward
The Republican journal., 1917-11-15
BORN

Brown. In Morrill,, Nov. H. to M. anu
Mrs Edwin Brown, twins, son and dsugh-
FLAGG. In Bucksport Nov. 3, to Dr. a0-
Mrs. Parker Flsgg, son.
ELMs. In Rockland, Oct. 81. to Mr. and Mrs
Frank A. Elms, a son.
MCCoRRIsoN. In Haldale. Nov. II, 81 N-
and Mrs. Henry F. McCorrison, a son.
RIPLEY. In Hope, Oct. 20. to MIR. an Mrs
Fred Ripley. son.
SAMBRooK. In Sesrsport. Nov. 10. to Nj.
and Mrs. Charles Ssmbroo k. twin sons.
TREAT. In Millinocket, Nov. 8, to Mr. zu1
Mrs. Crawford A, Treat, daughter. BsE.Rrf
Elizabeth.
UPHAM. In Rockport. Nov. 8. to Nj aHa
Mrs. Ambrose Uphsm. daughter.
The Republican journal., 1917-11-15
DODGE'S CORNER.

Mrs. D. A. Lowe has closed her house
and gone to Hampden Highlands.
Raymond Howard is working for Capt.
George E. Chaplin, repairing his carriage
house.
Arthur Herbert has moved his family
to Brewer, where he has employment at
his trade as mason.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. G. Seeley motored to
Bar Harbor last Saturday and spent the
night with their daughters, Misses Carrie
and Flora, who are teaching there.
The Republican journal., 1917-11-15
MARRIED

BEvAN-PowERs. In Bucksport, Oct 81, by
Harry II. Csrley. Esq William H. Bevsn sn'
Miss Olive A. Powers. both of Bucksport,
CLIFFORD WEST. In Belfast, Nov. 10 ny
Rev. W. +. Hawthorne, Lewis F. Clifford aud
Hattie West. both of Stockton Springs.
GERRY-TEMPLE. In Troy, Nov 4. ROsen5s
N. Gerry and Miss Lila R. Temple. both Of
Troy.
The Republican journal., 1917-11-15
DIED

CATLIN In Belfast. Nov. IL, John Ca,in
formerly of Prospect, aged 62 years.
CURTIS In Searsport. Nov. 9. Miss LIDS
Gray Curtis. aged Sc years.
JONES. In West Brooksville, Oct. %, Me
Mary Jones. aged IA years.
NORM In Camden, Nov. Z. Leo Morn.
native of Fairfield. aged 81 years
PERKINS. In South Unity. Lizzie. dsuEhi p.
of Mrs. Charles Cook, aged 10 years.
ROBERTS. In Brooksville, Nov. 3, LIewell}
C. Roberts. aged 63 years, months and de- 3
SEAvEY 10 Rockland. Nov. 2. Charles Il
Seavey, aged as years, 6 months and 10 day-
WITHAM In Bucksport, Nov. 6, Mrs Geore
Witham, aged 6S years.
The Republican journal., 1917-11-15

Mrs. Frank A. Allen returned last week
relatives in Boston, Worcester, Mass,
and Newport, Me. Mrs. Allen was call
ed to Boston by the serious accident to
her brother, caused by collision of his
motor cycle with an automobile on a
blind curve which was unmarked. the
gentleman, though slowly improving was
unable to leave his bed when she left his
home
Last Saturday the Stockton Springs
Trust Co. moved from the Hopkins block
into its new quarters, recently prepared,
in the Bank block. Treasurer S. B. Mer-
rithew and President Harry r. Hichborn
are settling and arranging the new rooms
as rapidly as the carpenters complete
their work. When done these new bank
ing rooms will present commodious, up
to-date appearance, in keeping with the
present business demands of the town.
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert M. Ames were in
Belfast last Friday, Mrs. Ames taking
the opportunity of calling at the Girls
Home and presenting two children's
dresses, prepared by her own hands. The
matron informed her that the greatest
needs among the inmates at present are
for wool dresses and coats. Any of our
citizens having out-grown garments in
their families will find very ready well
come for such donations among these
helpless little ones. Garments for maxi
ing over are also very acceptable.
The Republican journal., 1917-11-15
CARD OF THANKS

We wish to extend our sincere thanks to ou.
friends and neighbors for their kindness sno
sympathy in our recent bereavement. IN the
death Of our wife and mother, Mrs, Augus's
B. Richards.
SURMANDEL X, RICHARi)S'
ORA Il. RICHARDS.
ANNIE l.. RICHARDS.
F. HERBERT RICHARDS,
The Republican journal., 1917-11-15
LOST

A long, dark brOlDn fur neck
piece at Belfast Fair. FindeT
please Leaue at The Journal o.
flee or B. O. Norton p
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-12-23
ZBYZSKO DOWNS
LEWIS FOR TITLE
Polish Wrestler Wins World
Catch : as : Catch : Can
Championship.
Associated Press Service :

Associated Press Service.
NEW YORK, Dec. 22.-Wladek
Zbyzsko of Poland, won the world
catch-as-c atch-can wrestling cham
pionship in the international tourna-
ment here tonight by throwing Ed
Stranger Lewis of Lexington, Ky.
in one hour, seven minutes and 80
hold.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-12-23

Associated Press Service;
ANNAPOLIS Md. Dec. 22-The
University Of Pennsylvania basket
bah team defeated the Navy here
today by a score Of % 20 -.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-12-23
Rockne Bewails Loss of His
Track Stars of Days Gone By

"Oh where. oh where. are my
stars Of yesterday" sings Track
Coach Knute Rockne every time that
he even thinks about the material
for a track team this year.
Every member OF the record
breaking relay quartet that estab-
lished a new mark Of 1856 for the
two mile-Noonan, Kasper, McDon-
oUgh and Meehan-are in the army
service.
Who are left? Just four veterans
Capt Mulligan. McGinnis, Call
and Rademacher Around these
monogram men Rockne will have Ia
mould a dual team: there is but
little relay team possibilities among
the four.
Capt Frank Mulligan is a sprinter
extraordinary. His greatest race Of
the year was against the University
OF Illinois at Urbana late in the win
ter. II was his first varsity appear
ance. and as he took his mark ner-
vousness got the Better of him and
ne made a false start. The referee
set him back a yard, and the sprint
ers lined up again Mulligan col
lected himself and was away with
the fash Of the gun. The race was
IS yards but he was in the lead
before twO-thirds of that distance
tad been covered, and he won with
a yard TO spare.
Joseph McGinnis is a sprinter and
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-12-23

a broad jumper He is heavier built
than MuIligan and has greater Sue
cess at the longer races-1O0 and
220 yards-than ne does at the
shorter courses indoors. he won
his monogram as a broad jumper.
In this event he can clear more than
p feet, and his leaps are invariab bly,
good for points
Charles Call is the only veteran
distance man in school He could
rot compare with the stellar relay
men OF a year ago. but Rockne has
hopes of his doing something this
year Heretofore Call has done
most of his work in the mile. though
this year for the want of the SEM
blance OF a half-miler, Rcckne will
groom him for the shorter distance.
Harold Rademacher's speciality is
the pole vault. He worked hard for
six months day after day and when
his chance came against the Michi-
gan "Aggies'' late in May he cleared
three inches more than II feet.
Besides these men Rockne Will
have such men as Walter Sweeney,
the greatest distance star that ever
attended South Bend high school;
Van Wonterghen, winner of this
years cross country run; Harbert,
potential two-miler: Gilfallen, the
all-event man of interhal circles last
year, and possibly a few others.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-12-23
BARONESS ADMITS SHE
WR0T ETC GERMANY
Associated Press Service

Associated Press Service:
CHATTANOOGA, Tenn, Dec. p.
Baroness Zolner, admitted at her
preliminary hearing today before a
United States commissioner on the
charge of espionage, that she had
written her husband, an officer in
the German army, many times, US
ing as medium a friend in Arm
helm, Holland. She was questioned
for more than two hours by Fed
eral District Atty. Kennerly and
told of her voyages to Europe. Of
the time spent in the East Indies
and in London and other European
cities.
The baroness said that when
complaint was made against her
presence at Annapolis. she went to
Washington to discuss her status
with thte department of justic and
was informed that she was not af-
fected by the presidents alien en-
envy proclamation.
Lieut. Spalding of the United
States army, whose name was
brought into the hearing today was
later brought from Fort Oglethorpe,
but was not called 10 the stand. Jhe
baroness was accompanied by her
Is year old son who came here from
New York after her arrest
The hearing had not been com
pleted tonight and the woman was
returned to the Hamilton county
Jail where she is held without bail.
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-12-23
WOULD SCARE FRIENDS;
IS BURNED TO DEATH

LONDON. Dec. -. An Irish
girls antipathy to England was
said at a Hammersmith inquest to
have led to her death.
The girl Lily Koran. 16, a ser
want employed at Noting Hill. Lon
don. was described by witness as
a "harum-scarum sort of girl whose
object in life seemed TO be 10 fright
en- English people during air raids.
She would smash jars TO make peo-
pie think bombs were falling.
Recently the girl rushed out OF
her room screaming. Il am on fire.
I will set them all on fire" After
ward she said she had done it 10
frishten them and because she hat
ed the dress. she died from her
burns.
An open verdict was returned
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-12-23
PROTEST RED CROSS FUND
FOR RESEARCH WORK
Associated Press Service:

Associated Press Service:
NEW YORK Dec. 22.-Tn a let
ter TO former Pres't Taft. chairman
of the American Red Cross central
committee. made public tonight. the
National Anti-vivi section federation
nrotests agains> the application by
the American Red Cross Of S1OO. 600
for medical research work in
France" This work. the letter
stated. the NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. be
iieve viii include the building OF
laboratories and providing OF ami
mails for experimentation.
Henry n Estabrook. acting for
the federation. declared that the
federation had sought 20 retain him
80 bring suit 20 euioin the Red
Cross from appropriating 100000
~ The moneys contributed Go IL" for
that kline OF work. on the ground
that such use would Dee misappro-
priation OF the moneys contributed
TO the Red Cross and opposed 20 the
principles OF many of the contribu-
tors. particularly OF the complain
ants
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-12-23
Camouflage Styles Must
Change With the Seasons

many of them are old habitues OF
Montparnasse and the Latin quar-
ter. They study the prevailing col
or conditions at the front and con
centrate all their energy on devising
camouAage to meet those particu-
lar conditions.
Many Different Types.
In the Vosges. for instance, the
terrain everywhere is hilry and even
mountainous. and the slopes are
covered with evergreen trees and
brush. CamOufage installed there
must be of very different character
to that used in Champagne. how
ever. where the country is flat
gently rolling-and the soil pecu-
liarly yellow and almost muddy.
The terrible ravages of nearly two
years of continuous fighting in the
Verdun sector, along both banks OF
the Mouse. has caused sombre, dark
look. as though every inch OF the
ground was seeped in blood. Black
is the color note used at Verdun as
the ground has been churned up
times innumerable by high explo-
sive shells and shrapnel, and the
earth is impregnated with steel.
melinite. trinitrotOluene and lyd-
dite. Wherever gas has been used,
it leaves its trace in withered vege-
tation. Even weeds do not spring
up in places lately visited by the
terrible chemical cOncoctions watt
ed across mo Mans Land"
Further east i'm the Rheims-Sois-
sons Saint Quentin districts, the
loam is OF the familiar dark brown
color which shades off to darker
South Bend news-times. (South Bend, Ind.) 1913-1938, 1917-12-23
BY Henry G. Wales.

PARIS, Dec. p. - Camoufiage
camps are working at top speed now
all over France. preparing new ma
terial of all kinds for the winter to
replace that which has been in use
since last spring. Styles in camou-
hage change each spring and fall.
to follow the course of the sea-
sons.
For spring and summer. green
and blue are the predominant col
Ors in camOufage, because foliage
and 81 ass make those the prevalent
colOrs on the average landscape. In
autumn. various changes are made
TO suit climatic conditions. as, for
example in the case Of a big gun
hidden by false bushes and vines.
During the summer it looked nat
ural enough in it's leafy green bow
er. but with all vegetation dead in
the late fall. it is necessary 10
change the green mask gradually
TO a brown or gray, just as though
the camOufage bushes were dying
For winter the camOufage runs to
white, for snow scenes. mixed with
back. brown and gray for mud.
The French army is continually
paying more and more attention to
its camouflage service and there are
numbers Of American Camoufage
students in the various camps.
learning the art that they may han
die il for the United States army.
Various sectors OF the front have
their own special camoufage
camps The chiefs of these camps
are often eX-scene painters, and