davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01
Rapldan

Mrs. A. M. Kendall, who was taken
to Rochester last Monday and oper-
ated upon last Wednesday for gall
stones, is getting along fine, which
will be good news to her many
friends.
Mr.. Charles left Tuesday for New
York and other points in the east for
an extended visit.
The Norwegian parochial school be-
gan Monday in the school house in
district 100. There will be six weeks
of school, Mrs. A. o. Lee will teach.
Lonnie Mcdonald left one day last
week for Rochester to spend few
days with his mother, Mrs. A. M.
Kendall
Louis Anderson Is having his
house painted. Ed Erickson Of Hans
ka is doing the work.
A fine baby boy arrived at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. Herman Peters
last Wednesday, May 16.
A large gathering of people as
sembled at the Norwegian church
last Thursday, May II, to observe
Norway's Independence day. Speak
ers were present and social time
was enjoyed and supper was served
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01
Minneopa

Miss Margaret Geims returned to
st. Paul Sunday, after a visit with her
brother Phil, who is the. third trick
operator here.
w. C. Johnson and family and l. c.
Johnson and family of Judson were
guests at the Herbert Crane home
Sunday.
Mr.. Koch of Usage. Iowa, spent
the week end visiting at the home OF
his son. Fred.
Mrs. B. F. Fuller visited at Savage
Monday
The high school cadets of Mankato
hiked to Minneopa last Friday and
spent their time drilling and con-
.ducting army maneuvers on the adj
jacent hills.
The freshmen and sophmore classes
of Lake Crystal high school enjoyed
IA picnic here Saturday.
Mr.. aid Mrs. William Sewell are
rejoicing over the arrival of new
son, born Saturday the 18th.
Mr.. Phil Gleims was called to Sioux
Falls, S. d.. Tuesday.
Miss Hall and nephew of Mankato
were guests at the Joe Lewis home
Saturday and Sunday.
Joe Lewis and Joe Norwich left
Wednesday for Devils Lake, N. d..
and other points. They will make
the trip on an Indian motor and side
car and intend to be gone about three
weeks.
The Rush Lake school will have a
picnic Thursday at the Arden Jones
place.
Miss Ethel Roberts arrived home
from Candy, Tuesday evening where
she has been on case several months
E. J.. Pheneaude of Chippewa Falls
Wis, is the new third trick operator.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01
Cleveland

Miss Lillian Ponwith visited with
the John Ballman family in LIE Sueur
Center, from Saturday until Monday.
Miss Thelma Bird is reported as
being on the sick list.
Miss Grace Mathews left Sunday
for Mankato where she will attend
the omrnercial college.
Miss Ethel Hurst returned to Min
neapolis Monday evening, after
spending couple of days in this
village.
Miss Ruth Flowers submitted to
an operation for appendicitis at the
Immanual hospital in Mankato last
Thursday.
About twenty friends from this
village and vicinity motored to Man
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01
MARTIN O'BRIEN is KILLED !.
WHILE FIGHTING IN FRANCE
WORD RECEIVED HERE TODAY

and registered. If l can be of any SER
vice to you l trust that you will kindly
let me. know"
Martin O'Brien was the son of Mrs.
M. O'Brien, who formerly resided with
her children on Nicollet avenue, Nortll
Mankato, but is now living in st. Paul.
He left Mankato about four years ago
to become Canadian farmer, and en-
listed in the Canadian infantry about
three years ago. He was the brother
of John and Florence O'Brien who are
now in business in st. Paul and Tom,
O'Brien, Attorney Harry O'Brien Of
Highmore, South Dakota; Mrs. VIM:
Laffey of Beauford, and Misses Julia
and Rose O'Brien.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01

Miss Julia O'Brien of this city, who
teaches school in North Mankato, has
received the sad news of the death of
her brother, Martin O'Brien, who was
with the Canadian troops in France,
and lost his life at the battle of Vimy
Ridge last April, when thousands of
brave Canadian soldiers wer~ He'd.
The letter from r. B. Day, chaplain OF
the. company was received last night,
and was brief message as follows:
Just note to express to you my
sympathy in the loss you have sus-
tanned We were. all very proud of the
bravery shown Nby your brother on
April 9. We have placed our boys who
fell in a special spot, which is marked
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01
Kasota

Miss Emma Peterson OF Lyle was
a weekend visitor at home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Manke were
Sunday visitors at the home of Mr..
and Mrs Albert Allen and family.
E. S. Humble made business trip
to Mankato last Saturday.
Mrs. George Wheeler returned to
her home at Manley, Ia, last Thurs
day, having spent couple of weeks
with friends here in st. Peter.
Mrs. Martha Olson of St. Peter
spent Sunday with Kasota friends.
Mrs. Ralph Woolhouse is quite
seriously ill with typhoid fever.
E. R. Vernon has completed the
shingling of the Weygandt residence.
The athletic association will plant
garden on the school ground.
Mrs. Sandell of Mankato visited
her mother, Mrs. Louis Peterson, last
Sunday Mrs. Peterson remains
quite poorly.
Mrs. Belle Trowbridge is spending
several weeks visiting with relatives
and friends at Rice Lake, Wis.
Miss Marie Christensen of Min
neapolis visited over Sunday at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. T. S. Wilcox
and family. y
Mrs. Marie Peterson and daughter,
Edna, were shoppers in Mankato last
Wednesday,
Mrs. Harry Volk and little daugh-
ter of Minneapolis have been guests
during the past week at the home OF
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. G. w.
Babcock.
Mrs. Lundgren entertained the
Lutheran Ladies' Aid society last
Friday afternoon.
Mrs. Charles Block and children OF
Lake Jefferson, visited over Sunday
with Kasota relatives.
Mrs. c.. r. Hammstedt and daugh-
ter, Signe, of st. Peter called on rel
atives here last Sunday afternoon.
Misses Bonita Baily and Nora Pull
yer were Mankato shoppers Satur-
day.
Miss Bethel Menten spent from
Saturday until Sunday, at the home
of her sister, Mrs. James Peach, at
Cleveland.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Lawton OF
Minneapolis spent Sunday at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. r. l.. Brad
shaw.
Miss Amelia Rausch of Mankato
spent few days last week at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. o. P. Buell..
Miss Leila Granger was a Mankato
visitor last Friday.
Mrs. J. H. Ray and daughter Violet
of Tracy visited at the home of Mr..
and Mrs. w. B. Pulver last Saturday.
Rev. w. E. J. Gratz of the Episco-
pal church in ST. Paul will be the
speaker at the high school COM
mencement exercises to be held here
Tuesday evening, May 29.
Edwin Johnson of st. Paul visited
at home from Friday until Saturday
evening of last week, and also at
tended the. wedding of friend in
Mankato Saturday.
S. T. Ecklund is driving new two
passenger Ford.
Mr.. and Mrs. Andrew Anderson
have rented rooms in the Andrew
Swenson residence, until their new
home is completed.
Ovid Allen is the owner of a new
motorcycle.
Miss Alice Anderson of Grove City,
visited over the weekend with Miss
Ruth Johnson.
Mrs. Robert Bradshaw attended
the funeral of friend at LIE Sueur
Center last Friday.
Misses Marjorie and Joyce Smith
of st. Peter called on relatives last
| Sunday.
The Missionary society of the
| Presbyterian church will meet on
Thursday afternoon of next week at
| the home of Mrs. ID. S. Turrittin.
Miss Hilda Olson entertained the
Larkin club Thursday afternoon.
Mrs. l.. C. Mason and daughter
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01
GERMAN ALIENS MUST MOVE
They Cannot Reside Within Half Mile
n Of an 4rmorY.

All unnaturalized Germans must have
a government permit to reside within
half a mile of state armories and
packing plants and factories which
furnish products for army and navy
purposes.
Such alien enemies living in for
hidden localities without permission
are subject to arrest unless they re-
move before June 1.
J. A. Vessel, United States marshal
for the Minnesota district, so an
nounced today, pursuant to instruc-
lions from Washington.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01
he institution was established.
Suit For $3.50.

Dan Bowen, through his attorney.
Walter Plymat, has brought suit for
$3.50 for services alleged to- have been
rendered the Fidelity Casualty COM
pany of New York Attorneys Miles
Porter and Benjamin TAYLOR will ap-
pear for the defendants. The case will
be tried at the June term of court.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01
CALL AN INDIANA MAN

He Will Be superintendent of the
School For Feeble minded.
G.. G. Hanna, Plainfield, Ind, has
been appointed superintendent of the
state school for feeble minded, Fari-
bault, by the state board of control.
He will take the place made vacant
by the death of DR.. A. C. Rogers, who
had been superintendent almost since
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01
CHINA TO ENTER WAR
DEADLOCK IS BROKEN
HARMONY in CABINET
.United Press Dispatch.l

:" tUNItFu BTeSS JJISpdtCT.1
Pekin, China, May z!.-China's
early entry into the great war is
predicted as result of the success
of Premier Wa Ting Fang in har-
monizing the friction in the cabi-
net and doing away with the
deadlock that has heretofore pre-
vented this action.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01
From thursdays Daily.

Attorney j. E. Regain was in st.
Paul yesterday on legal business.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Atchison OF
Medic visited friends in the city yes
|terday.
A. C. Gray of Vernon Center was a
business caller in the city yesterday
afternoon.
Patrick J. Ryan, attorney Of st.
Paul. was in Mankato today on dis
trict court business.
Miss Rose Mary Lamm left today
for Smiths Mill to visit with Mrs.
Frank Muellerlie for a week.
Mrs Bert ellison of Austin visited
friends in the city today.
A. L. Goldenstar arrived home yes
terday from the state university, and
will spend several days in the city.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Draper Wis
tied friends in Minneapolis yesterday.
Ihey travelled both ways by auto.
Lieutenant Cyril Spicer of Company
H went to Lake Crystal today to see
about getting recruits for that organ
ization.
J. r. Welch, assistant superintend-
ent of the Omaha railroad at st.
James, was in Mankato yesterday on
business.
M. ]. Boyle, superintendent of the
Chicago and Northwestern railroad
at Winona, was a visitor in the city
yesterday.
II. ]. Wagon, general agent of the
Chicago and Northwestern at Winona,
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01
ST. CIan
From Thursdays Daily.

From Thursdays Daily.
Mrs. Andy Quinn and Miss Tutie
Greene were Mankato shoppers
Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Pagenkopf and son
Earl, autoed to GAINESVILLE Friday.
Miss Worn Holt and the pupils of
her room enjoyed a picnic in the
woods Thursday afternoon.
Frank Chadbourn and wife and
Arthur West autoed to Amboy and
vicinity Friday. A. T. Chadbourn, who
has been visiting here for few days,
returned to his home with them.
Will Schroeder and Edward Froelich
have signed orders for new Fords to
be delivered soon by Chadbourn and
Son.
Mrs. Paul Scheneman was Man
kato caller Thursday.
Miss Olive Wilcott called on Miss
Mona Fields Friday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Tom O. ;Harein autoed
down to Mankato Friday for their
daughter Margaret who is attending
school sc the Mothers home. Owing
to the storm and Mr. o. Harein's in
experience as a driver, Roy Chad
bourn drove the car home, his jitney
being driven by Jerome Lynch.
Albert Schostag, returning from
Mankato with load of goods was
obliged to stay over night Friday.
with Mr. Baschnet at Tivoli, and call
for endorsements from ST. Clair
Saturday morning to help draw the
load home.
Pete Hugunin and John Fitzloff
autoed over to Lake Francis and
Elysian Friday afternoon.
Mr. Pagenkopf and daughter Sophia
and Mrs Carl Pagenkopf were Man
kato shoppers Friday. Owing to the
storm they left their car in Mankato
and returned home on the st. Clair
bus.
While delivering a second hand
Ford, which he had just sold to the
Ford Auto company at Mankato
Thursday morning, Roy Chadbourn
had the misfortune to break the leg OF
horse belonging to Lot Burgess of
Eagle Lake. 1t seems that Mr.. Bur-
CESS had left his team in care of a
young fellow from Eagle Lake, he and
Mr.. Haschnet were leading the horses
to pasture in the vicinity of Tiyoli
bridge, when they saw the car COM
ing. Each man went to opposite sides
of the road which gave the driver no
chance to turn out. He kept the MIDI
die of the road, slowing down. Just
before the ear came to the horses,
one of the animals swung out in front
of the car as if to kick, and the car
striking it broke the horses leg, the
horse being shot later. 1t appears that
neither of the witnesses blame the
driver of the car The owner of the
horse is in Wisconsin at the present
time
Services in the Evangelical church
in English morning and evening,
Sunday May 27.
Rev. Miller was Mankato caller
Friday afternoon.
Mrs. Charles Russell visited her
daughter, Mrs. Roy Chadbourn, Sun
day.
A number of men from here left
this week for Western Dakota and
Eastern Montana, seeking land.
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Scheuneman
visited at the William Frantz home
Sunday afternoon.
Mr.. Edd Wise recently purchased a
new Chevrolet car of Jerome LYNCH
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01
And Seized the Prize.

New. Ulm Review: It's reported that
Springfield is anxious to take over the
Second Regiment band. Not chance
Mankato saw 1t first.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01

building of a new school house,
which is hoped will be ready for
next year.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01

minute rains have been worth MIL
lion dollars apiece to the American
farmer. Success in this years crops
in America means big boost to the
cause of the allies. ~
SILVER WEDDING ANNIVERSARY.
Mr.. and Mrs. Adolph Zeigner de-
lightfully entertained a party OF
friends Tuesday evening at their
home, 1912 North Fifth street, in
honor of their silver wedding ami
versary. The evening was very
pleasantly spent, piano selections be-
ing rendered by the Misses Florence
Russell and Anna Hutterer. Deli
cious refreshments were seIved.
RICE CHANNEL WEDDING.
st. Cloud Journal Press: A beauti-
full home wedding took place last
evening at nine o'clock when Miss
Hazel Madeline Rice became the bride
of David Enos CHANNEL. The mar
riage was solemnized at the home of
the brides parents, Mr.. and Mrs. B.
F. Rice of st. Peter. The nuptial
service was read beneath an artistic
bower formed of greenery and apple
blossoms and similar floral decorations
were effectively used throughout the
home. A pretty sentiment was, con-
nected with the selecting of the we'd
ding day, by reason of it also being
the twenty fifth or silver wedding an
niversary of the marriage of the
brides parents, who renewed their
vows upon the occasion of their daugh-
ter's wedding. The bride was charm
ing in a gown of white satin with
overdrape of chiffon elaborated with
bead trimmings. There were no at
tendants, a number Of friends in adj
dition to relatives were present. The
bidding to the wedding came as
surprise as plans for the wedding had
been indefinite and in consequence
had not been previously announced.
The bride is graduate CT the St.
Peter high schools ands of the Man
kato state normal school She taught
last year in the Sank Rapids schools
and this year she has been one of
the most efficient members of the
st. Cloud public schools, teaching the
second grade of the Franklin school
Her many fine attributes and charm
ing personality have made her favo-
rite with many who will Join in wish
ing herself and husband a happy fu-
ture. The groom is the son of Mrs.
George s. Channel of Ruthland.
Vermont, where Mr. CHANNEL received
his schooling.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1917-06-01
BRIGHT CROP PROSPECTS
Better Than They Have Been Fol
Great Many Years.
limited Press Dispatch. ]
III lI..r OA crf.I

Chicago, ILL.,, May A.-Agricultural
experts here declare that the crop
prospects now are better than they
have been in this country for years.
The feelings of pessimism that were
a little prevalent early in the spring
have disappeared. Rains In many
parts of the country have wonder
fully improved the crop outlook. Ten
minute rains have been worth mil
lion dollars apiece to the American
farmer. Success in this years crops
in America means a big boost to the
cause of the allies. ~
The Alaska daily empire., 1917-10-15
DAMAGES ARE ASKED
 FOR ALLEGED BREACH
 OF PURCHASE CONTRACT

DOUGLAS, Oct. 15.-That there is good cause for the recently coined expression, Hogs is hogs" was in dicated here Saturday when suit was filed in Commissioner Henson's court by Mrs. Grace Meyers against Fred and Nellie Peterson, husband and wife, in which damages are asked for an alleged breach of contract.
 The plaintiff in the case, Mrs. Meyers, claims that on the 10th day of September of the present year she contracted with the Pet ersons for the purchase of 36 head of hogs, paying down the sum of $50 on the purchase price which was fixed and agreed upon at $240; she further claims that when she called and demanded delivery of
The Alaska daily empire., 1917-10-15
REALTY AGENTS UNPOPULAR

DOUGLAS, Oct. 15.-According to letter received here from M. J. O'Connor, who has lately opened a real estate office in Seattle, there is not much doing in that line at present, and also, on account of do ings" in the past, real estate men in the Spirit City" are mostly in bad odOr with the majority of the people there. However. M. J. says he will endeavor to build up a repu tation on his own hook that will serve to offset that now generally ascribed to many engaged in the same business. He further says that his old Douglas friends may call on him both at his office and his home
 without fear of having real estate
 loaded upon them unless they so de sire In the latter event, their in terests will be well protected.
The Alaska daily empire., 1917-10-15
ALASKA NEWS NOTES

w. k. Egsn of Valdez has been awarded three contracts for work on the government wagon road short distance from Valdez. Fargo F. Rose in Fairbanks con. fessed being a stacker and was plac- ed under $5,000 bail by the com missioner
 Bids for the new government building in Valdez to replace the one destroyed by fire on Mckinley street have been let to Charles Crawford. .e Wallace Cathcart e of Fairbanks walked 40 miles with a broken un set arm, on the Circle trail, hay ing been thrown from the back of a mule. Lawrence Mills and Miss Muriel Lumpkn were united in marriage in Fairbanks.
  Sam Johnson, native, killed him self in Cordova with a high power rifle.
 The Ruby Record-Citizen has in- stalled new linotype machine. Thomas Riggs left Fairbanks Oct. ? for Anchorage to confer with the other two members of the Alaska Railway Commission.
 The federal jail in Fairbanks has been HoOverized and observes one meatless day each week.
 Dad Martins roadhouse at the Delta on the overland trail is to be opened soon.
 Thomas Seward of Olnes and Miss Alfreda Wallen of Gold Hill were recently married. Thieves cracked the safe of the Empress theatre at Codoya and se- cured $131.15.
The Alaska daily empire., 1917-10-15
BESSALOFF HELD OVER

DOUGLAS, Oct. 15.-Paul Bessa, lOff, the Russian who was given a preliminary hearing Saturday after. noon before U. s. Commissioner tives with liquor, was held over to the Territorial court and is now in the Federal jail at Juneau. II came out in the hearing that Bessa loff had been in the habit of sup plying liquor which was carried to his patrons by two small Indian boys. While he was charged with but one offense, there are said to be several charges which will be brought against him later.
The Alaska daily empire., 1917-10-15
HIyU KING SALMON

DOUGLAS, Oct. 15.-A cargo of 5000 pounds of king salmon arrived at the wharf of the Alaska Coast Fish company of this place this morning. the finest lot of fish of the King variety that has come in this season. There was also load of halibut discharged at the same place this morning.
The Alaska daily empire., 1917-10-15
OLSON'S TRANSFER
 Douglas
GENERAL HAULING Coal, Wood Baggage Furniture Leave Orders at Jensen's
 Hdwe Store, Phone Az
SUMMONS FOR PUBLICATION
(No. 1616-A)

oUMMUNS kUh fU61lCAIlUN In the District Court for for the
 Territory of Alaska. at Juneau,
 Division Number One. May Johnson, Plaintiff, ys.
 Fred s. Johnson, Defendant.
 The President of the United States of America. to Fred s. John- son, defendant, Greeting:
 In the name of the United States of America you are hereby com handed to be and appear in the District Court for the Territory of Alaska. Division Number One. at Ju- neau, in said Division, within thirty days from the service hereof upon you then and there to answer the complaint of the plaintiff filed against you in said Court; and if you fail to appear and answer, for want thereof the piaintiff will take judgment against you for q dissolution of the bonds of matri- mony as prayed for in said com plaint. a copy of which is herewith served upon you.
 The order for service of sum- mons by publication is dated Sept. 29th, 1917. The period of publi- cation prescribed Is six weeks and the defendant is required to an- swer or appear within thirty days after the expiration of publication.
 Witness the Honorable Robert ". Jennings. Judge of said Court and the seal thereof afYixed at Ju- neau, this 29th day of September, 1917.
 (SeaD J. w. BELL, Clerk.
 First publication. Oct. 6, 1917.
 Last publication, Nov. 19, 1917. WYNN & GORE. Atorneys for Plain- ttfI, JunAau, Alaska.
The Alaska daily empire., 1917-10-15
AL-kI SOLD OUT

DOUGLAS, Oct. 15.-The steamer Al-Ki will sail for Seattle this even ing with all her accommodations sold several intending passengers here Those leaving the Island this even ing will be Denson Pavolich and his sister, Mrs. Nick Vavich with her three children, James Erwin and wife and Mike Moore, the latter a steerage passenger.
The Alaska daily empire., 1917-10-15
BAZAAR WEDNESDAY NIGHT

DOUGLAS, Oct. 15.-The Ladies League of the Congregational church is busy arranging for the annual church Wednesday night of this week. The work of decorating and fixing the booths will start tonight. A big time is being planned for and fine lot of goods will be on sale.
The Alaska daily empire., 1917-10-15

the hogs that the defendants refused to comply with the contract and that she has since been unable to get possession of the porkers.
 The sum of $500 damages is sought by the plaintiff in her com plaint. She is represented by At torney o. A. Tucker. No date has been set for the hearing of the case.
The Alaska daily empire., 1917-10-15
ANNUAL MEETING TONIGHT

DOUGLAS, Oct. 15.-The annual meeting of the Douglas -Treadwell Red Cross chapter will be held to. night in Labor Union Hall, begin. ming at o'clock All business of importance will be up for transac- tion, a good attendance is desired.
The Alaska daily empire., 1917-10-15
AFTER MANY YEARS

DOUGLAS, Oct. 15.-Fearing the hood on the smokestack of the pub lie school building was in bad shape after several years exposure, 1t was taken off Saturday but was found to be in excellent condition.
The Alaska daily empire., 1917-10-15
TO ENTER susINEss COLLEGE

DOUGLAS. Oct. 15.-Miss Hilda Aalto will leave Wednesday cf this week for Seattle where she will en- ter the Wilson Business College for a course
The Alaska daily empire., 1917-10-15
HERE FROM kENNEcoTT

DOUGLAS. Oct. 15.-Mrs. Cassie Secrest, formerly of Juneau, but lately of Kennecott, where her hus. band is employed in the big copper mine. is visiting here. the guest of
The Alaska daily empire., 1917-10-15
DECLARES AN EMBARGO.

LONDON, Oct. 13.-The British government has proclaimed an em- bargO on exportation to Sweden, Norway, Denmark and the Nether- lands on all commodities.