New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1917-05-27

oftentimes buy materials long before
they are required. He has also to
meet the payments for materials Of
sub-contractors furnished long in ad-
vance of the time they are to be
used"
In the organization needed for the
successful manufacture Of munitions,
Harry L. Coe, vice-president OF
Boston concern, pointed out that the
greatest success would be obtained by
comparatively small units specialize
irg in one type Of munitions.
"The manufacturer" he said,
must build an organization around
such of his men as possess the proper
habits and training, and they in turn
will have to see to the development
of the manufacturing units. Large
and complicated units do not develop
rapidly, and in them mistakes are
tremendously expensive and slow to
correct. The manufacturer should,
therefore, take stock Of his organiza-
ton carefully. If it does not contain
men whose habits of thought and
training are consistent with speciali-
cation of processes and mass produc-
ton, it lacks one Of the prime factors
in successful munition manufacture.
IF, on the other hand, the organi-
zation is Of this type, he should look
carefully over the wide range of ar
ticles classified as munitions and Sc
lect something which is as similar as
possible to his regular product in
size, material and general nature. 1t
is futile to try to handle projectile
department as an appendage to some
other part of the business. 1t is
business in itself and its success or
failure will probably depend on the
completeness with which every detail
is worked out and checked.
"This is a product in which dupli-
cation inside exceedingly small limits
is essential. The type Of munitions
manufactured will be limited to a
few pieces, or even to single piece,
of the same nature. The size of the
order should be large enough so that
even the smallest working unit--man
or machine-can be employed con-
stantly on the same operation. Un-
der such conditions no detail Is so
small but that it pays to give. it care
full attention."
Rigid Inspection
Is Necessary
The necessity of using the best
material available was emphasized
by a Chicago engineer who presented
interesting details Of the manufact-
IRE of artillery pieces and shells.
The gun proper of the regular field
gun, he said, is subjected to sud-
denly applied pressure Of from about
$4,000 to 10000 pounds per square
inch, and is generally made of nickel
steel of over 10000 pounds per
square inch tensile strength, $4,000
pounds per square inch elastic limit,
and an elongation in two inches Of IS
per cent. Rigid inspection and tests
of this material are necessary before
it is worked.
The artillery wheels, springs, hol-
low axles and recoil cylinders Of field
guns are made of ordinary materials
used at automobile wheel factories
and forge plants. The two principal
types Of projectiles are the shrapnel
and the high explosive shell. The
shrapnel body is not intended to
break or explode when subjected to
an internal pressure of about 10000
pounds. 1t is made Of steel with
yield point Of from $4,000 to 100000
pounds per square inch. Shrapnel
steel, produced by the large steel
mills in this country, is furnished in
three different forms: rough-turned
bars, forgings and rolled-steel
rounds. The latter form has been
used with considerable success and
exceedingly rapid production.
The ordinary shrapnel fuse is
made of several brass parts, the ma
terial Of which can be produced by