davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1917-04-21

canning clubs and the poultry and
ZIG clubs On the basis of 81 200 4
year allowed by Oklahoma law as
supplementary 70 the Smith Lever
federal fund. # is the desire of the
"ate agent to apportion the aid where
women agent, are employed ON he
basis of 60 per cent to the women az
ont
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1917-04-21
Belgian Relief Ship
onnk BY Germans

london, Aprn u Officials here of
the Commission for Relief in Belgium
have been advised that the steamship
Ringhorn, outward bound from Rot
terdam, with safe conduct. sis Bv'n
sunk.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1917-04-21

Bluehird pholoplays Inc present
The Pulse Of life featuring Wedge
wood howell and Gypsy H1rlc IN Rex
ngrams production of v NlRnus
ngclton's tnrl OF love and vengeance
life in New fork's llohemia love m
a sculplor's studio thrilling scenes
and sensations
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1917-04-21
MANY PRISONERS
TAKEN BY FRENCH
CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE.l
Relief Ship Sunk by Submarine

Amsterdam, April 2l-The relief
ship kongslu has been sunk by a
mine or submarine. One member of
the crew is missing, the remainder
have been rescued
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1917-04-21

Is it for rent? Try The Leade
Want Columns. xwE MUguu
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1917-04-21
SOLDIER SHOT WHILE
ON PATROL DUTY

Spokane April 2l-Charlcs Overon
a member of the Idaho National guard
.Nls shot in The leg last night while
r.ifallng Great Northern bridge
The shooter escaped.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1917-04-21
Gall curci Cancels

Cali Curci Cancels
Call Cnrc cancelled her eagage-
ment al oklahoma city oklahoma
City IS jnx for operate lights,
Sensation' SEQ Leader Want Pays
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1917-04-21

The Passion Play at The ROYAL at
tracts attention Gccks has several
good thing in store
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1917-04-21

The summary Left on bases. Ed
moud II; Guthrie 10 Stolen hases.
Mitchell, Hughes. Brown Conklin,
Daily Matthews Luce Lyon Poschcl
Pennock Wilber Walker Three base
hit Pcnnock Double play Hughes 10
Srvers Hit by pitched ball Mitchell,
Hughes and Brown by Van Meter
Strack out by Mitchell .; by Van
Meter lS. t'mpres, Reek and Ram
sey Time. 2:05.
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1917-04-21

Ottoman Government
Breaks With Us
Basel. Switzerland, April q -, A
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1917-04-21
MONDAY. April q e

Good single reel comedy
The Guthrie daily leader. [volume] (Guthrie, Okla.) 1893-1996, 1917-04-21

Good single reel comedy
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1917-04-07
First March II; Last April %, 1877
STATE OF MICHIGAN.

First March II; Last April %, 1920
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
In the Circuit Court for the County
of Baraga, In Chancery.
Worcester Lumber Company, Limit
ed, Plaintiff, VS.. Jonathan Henderson
or his unknown heirs, devisees, lega-
tees and assigns, Defendants.
Suit pending in the circuit court for
the county of Baraga on the 9th day of
March, A. d. 1917.
On filing the bill of complaint in the
above entitled cause, duly verified by
Edward A. Hamar, Secretary of the
Plaintiff, and on reading and filing his
affidavit and it appearing therefrom
that he does not know and has been un-
able, after diligent search and inquiry,
to ascertain the names of the persons
who are included as defendants in the
above entitled cause, without being
named, On motion of Rees, Robinson
& Petermann, attorneys for the plain
tiff, and pursuant to the statute in
such case made and provided,
1t Is Ordered That the said Jonathan
Henderson or his unknown heirs, de-
visees, legatees and assigns, do each
cause their respective appearances to
be filed or entered in the above entitled
cause within three months from the
date of this order, and in default there
of, that the said bill of complaint may
be taken as confessed by the said
Jonathan Henderson or his unknown
heirs, devisees, legatees and assigns.
And 1t Is Further Ordered that a
copy of this order be published in the
L'Anse Sentinel once in each week for
six weeks in succession, the first pub
LEGATION thereof to be made within
twenty days after the date of this
order.
The fore 1oing suit affects the title
to the land described in the bill OF
complaint. viz:
The southeast quarter of the south.
west quarter of section thirty-four (34)
in township fifty (50) north of range
thirty-five 1851 west in Baraga county,
Michigan.
PATRICK H. O'BRIEN,
Circuit Judge.
Rees, Robinson & Petermann,
Attorneys for Plaintiff,
Business Address,
Houghton, Michigan.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1917-04-07
SATURDAY. APRIL z. 1917.
Statement of Ownership,
Management, Etc.,

OF L'Anse Sentinel, published weekly
at L'Anse, Mich, required by the Act
Of August "a, 1912.
For April /, 1917.
Editor, T. w. Edwards Of L'Anse,
Mich.
Managing Editor. T. w. Edwards of
L'Anse, Mich.
Business Manager, J. II. Mclean Of
pAnse. Mich.
Publisher, Baraga County Publishing
Co., a corporation.
Owners, Herman ]. Seifert, Martin
Voetsch, w. T. Menge and John II.
Mclean of L'Anse, Michigan; Lucius
q. Hillyer Of Baraga, Michigan: Deem
L. Robinson OF Houghton, Michigan;
and August Paulson Of Skanee, Mich
jgan.
Known bondholders, mortgages, and
other security holders, holding / per
cent or more OF total amount of bonds,
mortgages, or other securities: None.
THEODORE W. EDWARDS.
Sworn TO and subscribed before me
this End day Of April. 1917.
[sEALl OSWALD o. DEscHAIsE,
Notary Public, Barags Co., Mich.
Ny commission expires Dec. II, 1920.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1917-04-07
REGULAR SESSION
OF SUPERVISORS.
Official Report OF County Board Meet
Ing Held Saturday. March 81.

An adjourned meeting of the board
Of supervisors of Baraga county, con-
tinued and held in the Office of the clerk
of said county on Saturday, March 31st,
A. ID. 1917, was called to order by
Chairman John II. Hid.
The following named supervisors
from the several townships were pres
ent: August Paulson, Arvon; John II.
Hid. Baraga; Patrick F. Tracy, Cow
ington; Thomas A. Boivin. L'Anse and
Ollie Olsen, Spur.
The minutes Of the session held
March 2lst, A. D. 1917, were read and
approved.
On motion of Tracy supported by
Boivin and declared carried by the
vote following, the following bills were
allowed and ordered paid:
Richmond Backus Co., roll
wrapping paper. carbon paper,
eyelet punch, pads, etc. clerks
Office $l50S, 100 envelopes
pros. atty. Office Si2.76 ..... u 81
L'Anse Sentinel. 10, 800 official
state ballots, amendment bal
lots, instruction ballots, ETC.,
for use at April 2, 1917. gener-
al election .(....,.....1 52 25
John II. Mclean, ex-probate
judge, compensation for doing
back work. recording, etc., in
the probate Office .............30 800 90
Standard Oil Co., case liquid
gloss ......,... .....,,......,.. 10
F. B. Spear & Sons. $500 lbs.
POGO. coal for Jail at So per ton14l 60
M Voetsch, stamps used for
sending out proof ballots to
state Office candidates by reg
istered mail, also for mailing
balance of amendment ballots
FOR use Of absent voters, etc.. z 90
Leonard Swanson, 5 days watch
ing scarlet fever case ...... 10 90
N. J. Peterson, telephone and
postage so. ). 2 81
August Maxi, Jr.. services and
mileage delivering official bal
lots to Covington township. -. 10 80
Edw. T. Foucault, delivering ali
sent voters ballots to Baraga
and expense ................. 4 so
M. Voetsch, drawing certificate
and entering determination of
results April, August and No
al aAr
istering oaths of Office county
officers, approving bonds, GER
tifying to medical registration
of physicians insane cases, etc Sc A
DR.. /. Sicotte, automobile hire
Investigating contagious dis
ease cases in Covington town
ship summer 1916 ............ 20 90
August Paulson, supervisor per
diem and mileage ............ Ia DO
John II. Hid. supervisor per
diem and mileage ............. q 81
Patrick +. Tracy, supervisor per
diem and mileage ............. 16 70
Thomas. A. Boivin. supervisor
Der Olen .......,...s ss..s'.'. w
Ollie Olsen, supervisor per diem
and mileage and extra mileage IL "a
Yeas Paulson. Tracy, Boivin, Olsen
and Hid.
Nays-None.
On motion of Tracy supported by
Boivin and declared carried by the vote
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1917-04-07
For Sale.

The dwelling ard lot now occupied by
Joseph Gagnon at L 'Anse. Mich. Terms
reasonable. Apply to H. Ross GLADDEN.,
Baraga, Mich.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1917-04-07

Total. .737 256 SO 20
Patrick H. O'Brien, without opposi-
ton, received 300 votes for Circuit
Judge on the Democratic ticket.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1917-04-07
Vote on Amendments.

The vote on the amendments in the
county was as follows:
The Highway Amendment
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1917-04-07
THE OFFICIAL COUNT.


(CoAtinued from page ~
Kayramo 70, Marksman 7.
McGlue "a.
Bellemer 70.
Precinct 3.
Nilsen 26, Crebassa 3.
Belanger 81.
Deschaine 20.
Denomme q.
Salonen %. Bulger 0.
Buys e..
Curtis q.
Patrick 81, HOMER o.
Lille 2S. Kontio l.
Soil 81.
Blaker 81. Sands o.
Kayramo 81, Marksman 0.
McGlue 81.
Bellemer 81.
Spur Township.
TOWNSHIP TICKET.
Supervisor, Ollie Olsen.21
Clerk. Oscar .Hyry.33
Treasurer, John Mitchell. "a
Highway Commissioner William
Manty.33
Overseer of Highways, Gilbert Olsen
"a.
Justice of Peace, to fill vacancy
August Krummie.
Justice of Peace, full term, 4 yrs.
Oliver Bruno.26
Member Board of Review, 2 yrs,
Frank Platto.27
Constable, Oscar Vaino.29
Constable, Richard Heikkala. 81
Constable, Dennis O'Neil. 80
Constable. Jacob Skytta.3l
FARMERS TICKET.
Supervisor, Max Beauprey.
Clerk, Ed Sullivan. 10
Highway Commissioner Mat Lepisto
20.
Overseer of Highways, Lars Laak-
konen.25
Justice of Peace to fill vacancy, Ar
nose Labin. 20
Justice of Peace, full term, Davis
Smith. %
Member Board of Review, 2 years,
Isaac Treado. "a
Constable, Jerome Labin. 20
Constable, Richard McMinn.22
Constable. Herman Konster.20
Constable, Alex Nori. 10
Wendelin Krish, running on slips fol
supervisor. received Is votes.
The L'Anse sentinel. (L'Anse, L.S., Mich.) 18??-current, 1917-04-07

Andrew Homier returned Monday
from a weeks visit in Detroit.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1917-03-22
GIRL SHERIFF MUST LEAD
CONDEMNED MAN TO SCAFFOLD

WINDSOR, Ont, March 22.-Miss
Helen D'Avignon, Canada's girl sheriff,
must under the law lead to the gallows
and deliver to the hangman, April 10,
John Hogue, notorious American
crook now in the condemned row at
Sandwich Jail for the murder of W.
Marshall Jackson, Canadian deporta-
ton officer. of Winnipeg.
Under the Canadian statute the girl
must accept the prisoner from the
taller at the foot of the scaffold de-
liver him to the hangman and give the
rignal for the springing of the trap
that will send Hogue to eternity.
The girl, as first deputy, succeeded
to the office of sheriff on the death
Of the sheriff, her father, j. E. D'Avig-
uon, who is said to have died from
worry over the fact that he's have to
execute Hogue. Hogue shot Jacks on
as he was being brought to the Canal
ian border to be turned over to Michi-
gan authorities on a safe-blowing
charge.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1917-03-22
LONG-HAIRED VARDAMAN
TO SUPPORT WAR POLICY

JACKSON, Miss, March 22.-James
x VardamaD, one of the twelve Unit
ed States senators who participated i'll
the filibuster against the armed neu-
trality. bill during the last session Of
congress, last night gave to newspaper
correspondents for use as desired
signed statement in which he prom
ises that if congress should declare
war on Germany, he will vote to give
the president men and money to the
lats soul and dwindling farthing nee
essary to uphold the country's cause. ,
Vardaman in his statement said he did
not think there was any doubt that is
the United States had pursued policy
of perfect neutrality that war could
have been ayerted.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1917-03-22
L. S. PROFESSORS AFRAID OF
BRAZILIAN REVOLUTIONS

RIO DE JANERIO, March 22-Nine
agricultural experts recently employed
in the United States by the Brazilian
Department of Agriculture, have just
arrived in Brazil.
According to the story told by Snr.
Oliveria Castro, the Brazilian govern
ment's agent sent to employ the ex-
perts he had extreme difficulty in find
ing men willing to go to Brazil because
of the prevailing idea in the United
States that revolutions were matters
Of daily occurrence.
After great deal of effort and re-
peated assurances that revolutions
took place only in the story books and
not in actual Brazilian life, he induc-
ed Professors o. T. Clawson, H. H.
Cardinell, w. C. tombstone, ]. E.
Blohm, E. Pithman, R. H. Cook, Maur-
ice Blohm, Dr.. K. E. Quantz and DR., B.
It. Havre to leave with him on the
steamer "Minas Geraes."
When the "Minas Geraes" arrived N
Pernambuco. the first Brazilian port,
and as she hauled up to the docks
there was the sound of rife firing with
in the city. There was great curiosity
on board the ship, particularly among
the Americans, as to what the disturb
ance meant. A venturesome ships Of
ficer brought back the news that a
revolution was in progress. 1t turned
out later that it was a mere celebra-
ton over minor election and nobody
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1917-03-22
FOR OIL AND
GAS DEPOSITS IN GEORGE \

ATLANTA, Ga, March 22.-That oil
and gas may be discovered in large
quantities in south Georgia is a prob
ability of increasing interest to scien-
lists and prospects throughout the
country. as evidenced by the fact that
Dr.. W. S. McCallie, state geologist, is
relieving a large number OF inquiries
On the subject.
In recent report to the state geo
logical board DR.. McCallie said: =
would not be at all surprised to learn
OF the actual discovery of oil or gas i'll
south Georgia"
Already extensive prospecting for oil
and gas is under way in several south
Georgia counties. well is being Dor
ed in Ware county, near Waycross, and
preparations are being made for sim
liar enterprise in Ben Hill, Wilcox
and JEFF Davis counties.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1917-03-22
PoIemlc Scion.

Dragging a congressman into a dis
cussion is almost as difficult as teach
ing a duck how to swim.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1917-03-22
WANT TO KEEP FARMERS
FROM MUNITI0N FACTORIES

BERLIN, March 22.-To prevent any
further exodus of agricultural workers
from the farms to highly paid jobs in
the munition factories, the following
appeal signed by the Director of Civil
and Military Supplies, General Groen-
er, has been placarded in all the rural
districts
Agricultural work is patriotic
auxiliary service. Our brothers at the
front and in the factories at home rely
en- you. Be proud of this He who
runs away from the plough to the town
for the sake of earning a few pence
more is a deserter Hold back such
weaklings by example and word"
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1917-03-22
S|LAGE IS TOPIC Of
BOYETTS COMMENT

This is the time of year for US t.
begin to think about what we are go
ing to feed our cows on next winter
There is a time with most of US dur
ing the winter and early spring when
our cows need something that they
don't usually get, In other words, they
don't get enough to eat. Consequently
they fall away in flesh and our milk
supply is practically cut off.
Every one knows that there is moth
ing better for mich cows land beef
cattle as welD. than something green
A good grass pasture is hard to beat
during summertime but the grass won't
last all winter. So through force of
necessity, we are compelled to feed our
cattle something besides what they can
get in the fields.
Silage is the best substitute for
grass that has yet been discovered. We
can produce more pounds of digestible
food nutrient on an acre in the form
of silage than in any other way. The
best silage is made of corn, sorghum
and corn or sorghum and kaffir corn.
And it is not hard matter to produce
ten tons of this on an acre. Silage is
a very succulent feed, rich in carbohy-
drates, and when balanced by few
pounds of cottonseed meal or velvet
beans, makes a most excellent ration
for dairy or beef cattle.
A good concrete silo can be built for
around three dollars per ton capacity,
and will last for generations, while
wooden ones can be put up for from
one to two dollars per ton capacity,
and will give satisfactory service for
several years.
Every farmer who keeps as many as
twelve or fifteen cattle can afford a
silo. In fact, under the present con-
ditions, | don't see how he can well
afford not to have one. When once a
man feeds silage, he always afterwards
feeds it, which is evidence enough that
il is good feed Corn, planted for sill
age, should be put in little thicker
than we usually plant it, and well fec-
tilted. A row of corn and one of red
top sorghum will give a little more
tonnage per acre than corn alone.
The corn should be cut just after it
ras passed out of the roasting ear
stage, when the grains begin TO dent.
The sorghum will be ready by this
time also. Yours truly
W. J. BOYETT,
County Agent.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1917-03-22
WEEKS PROGRESS IN STATES
OF SOUTHEAST TERRITORY

COLUMBUS, Ca, March 22.-The In
dustrial Index says in its issue for this
week:
Construction and industrial activ-
ity in the Southeast is steadily in
creasing in volume.
phosphate elevators and a fertilizer
Plant will be established, terminals
constructed and a connecting railway
line built at Tampa, Fla, at cost OF
more than 100000.
Birmingham, Ala, will issue ST.
00O0 10000 of school building bonds,
"A contract has been awarded for
the erection in Birmingham of post
Office building to cost more than $780,
600
Contracts have been awarded for
erecting and equipping a meat packing
plant near Mobile. Ala.
"A contract has been awarded at Az
gusta, Ga. for the erection of Ma
sonic building to cost more than $780,
coo.
The building of an electric railway
between cities in northern Alabama is
the purpose of a company that has just
been incorporated.
Three companies have been formed
To mine coal and one to develop graph
lite deposits in Alabama. A company
will operate d gold mine in Georgia.
"A 12-stcry hotel building and =
story apartment house will be erecteu
in Miami, Fla.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1917-03-22
AND
PEACEFUL INHABITANTS OF
MORELOS TRANSFERRED

MEXICO CITY, March 22-Prac-
tically all of the peaceful inhabitants
of the country districts of Morelos
have been transferred to other states
and given new locations in the state
of Mexico, the Federal District and
Puebla. By this plan General Pablo
Gonzales, commanding in Morelos has
prevented the Morelos bandits from
receiving or taking aid from the cou1-
ty people. Work is being provided for
the refugees.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1917-03-22

When your Shoes need an
operation. call the Shoe sur
geons.
And we will show you what
modern machinery and expert
enced skill will do towards put
ting old and broken shoes back
on their feet"
You will find that after your
shoes have undergone treatment
in our shop. that they are restor'
ed to their strength and neat ap-
pearance and at a cost not to 20
criticized.
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1917-03-22
SAYS SWEDEN AND DENMARK
MUST STICK CLOSE TOGRTHRR

CHRISTIANIA, March 22.-~H the
disaster of war should strike one Of
these countries it would also strike
the other two declared NJ Nor
vinckel, president of the Norwegian
Storthing, at the opening session IN
the course of speech advocating Co
operation with Sweden and Denmark.
Our interests" he added, ARE bind
ing us close together, and we will
keep together not for love, but for
the reason of practical politics. This
ought to be made clear to the beIlig-
erents."
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1917-03-22
Won BETHMANN-HOLLWEG NAY
BE FORCED TO QUIT HIS OFFICE

AMSTERDAM, March ga Munich
dispatch to the Berlin Tageblatt says
the National Committee for the Swift
Overthrow of england, held a secret
meeting on Monday and discussed
measures for forcing Chancellor Won
Bethmann- Hollweg out of Office. The
dispatch adds that a great popular
demonstration is to be held next Non
day. ,--.,
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1917-03-22
y T. y y y = = = y = = y
NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.

y All advertising copy requiring
= two columns of space or less
: should be In the business Office
= not later than eight o'clock morn
= ing of issue, in order to insure
= prompt insertion. All copy for
= space of more than two columns
= should be submitted not later
= than 6 O'clock of the day prior to
> date of issue.
= THE MES-RECORDER.
y + y = = \ = . : = .
Americus times-recorder. [volume] (Americus, Ga.) 1891-current, 1917-03-22

was hurt
But, as Snr. Castro expressed it,
The Americans clapped their hands
to their heads"
They arrived safely in Rio de Jan
GIRO and are busy showing the Agricui-
tural Department new stunts in fruit,
grain, tobacco and other kinds of cul-
ture.
Douglas Island news., 1917-01-19

lighting His able staff attends to that and the crown prince gets the glory. With Eng land it is practically the same, the whole govemgent and important commands be-
 ing in the hands of men who came from the masses. In fact, with the exception of Grand Duke Nicholas, none of the royal commanders have done anything of note in the present war The majority of Ger many's commanders are of lowly origin and Great Britain would today be in a sor- Try plight were it not that her government and important commands are in the hands of men of humble origin While Spain is not engaged in the war, her royalty shows the same decadence as that of the other na- tions Just how those who are deficient and mentally can wield the in- fluence they do over their subjects just for the reason that they are of royal families is something the average American is never able to understand. And he should thank the Supreme Sovereign for that lack of un- derstanding.
Douglas Island news., 1917-01-19
LOSER SHOULD
 ASK FOR PEACE
History of American Wars Is That Vanquished First Suggest
 Cessation

Does the victor or the vanQuished usually propose peace during a war?
 Take Amcrica's wars and you will find that the loser was the one to suggest an end of the fighting
 England and not the United States was the power to request peace in the Revolution, and America was the winner
 Mexico and not the United States was the first to talk peace in that clash 70 years ago, and again Amer lea was the winner.
 The Confectionery, whose cause was lost. made peace proposals during the Civil war long before Lee sur rendered.
 Napoleon tried in vain to make peace with Russia when he was at Moscow one hundred and four years ago. but Czar Alexander, then ap- parcntly thc under dog, refused, and Napolcon's retreat followed, with the annlhilotion of his army.
 10 was Napoleon who again sought peace before and after Leipsic, but the Allied Powers refused, deposed him from his throne and sent him Co Elba.
 The French people cried for peace in 1870. but Bismarck, the victor, didn't stop until an his conditions had been met.
 The war had been ended before Grant said, "Let us have peaccw- Philadelphia Public Ledger.