davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05

view. vocational education is not to
be thought OF as q substitute for gem
eral education. but as a nece ssary
part OF it. or as supplementary to it.
To every one should be vouchsafed
the opportunity for broad all-round
education that makes for complete
manhood or womanhood which
should be supplemented by adequate
preparation for a chosen occupation.
Public Unified Control.
f2) The second principle empha-
the method of organizing and con-
Quoting vocational schools. The posi-
ton taken is that whatever is at
tempted at public expense under the
form of vocational education should
be under public and not private con
troll. and. further. that the control Of
all types of schools supported BY pub
lie taxation should be centered in a
single authority responsible directly
to the will OF the people: that is. the
local board of public school truste IS
in city or town. and the state de-
partment of public instruction in a
state.
In support OF these contentious the
following resolutions. as commend
ed by the committee on education.
were ADOPTED at the tnlrty NTH an
nual convention OF the American
Federation OF Labor, held at San
Francisco. Cal. November II. 1915.
tSee proceedings. American Fedora.
ton Of Labor. San Francisco conven-
tion. 1915; p. 500
Il. That in approving industrial
education. equal attention should be
given to the general educational
studies and requirements OF the
school children. The convention be-
iieves the latter OF greater importance
to the future welfare of the workers
than the former instruction.
''e That industrial education shall
include the teachings of the sciences
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05

cerned. and that shall be based on
sound principles Of public policy.
Must Not Interfere With General
Education.
There are two principles which are
conceived by the officers of the fed
GRAFTON as of paramount Importance:
(1) The agitation for the reorgan-
ization OF the public school system. in
order to make II serve more efficient
ly the real needs of boys and girls
and young people, must not be per-
mitted to take the form Of. or result
In. a movement to diminish or abridge
In any way existing opportunities for
general education. The reorganiza-
ton of the schools now In PROGRESS Of
development. involving the introduce
ton of various kinds of courses de-
signed to meet the needs of all types
of children, is believed to be progress
in the right direction in the main.
Under existing conditions all chill
dren can not attend colleges and adj
vanced technical schools. and be-
come doctors and lawyers and engi-
neers; consequently there is a real
demand that the educational system
shall recognize other legitimate and
worthy aims besides those of pre-
pairing for colleges and the higher
professions Nevertheless. it is held.
the newer types of courses that are
developed in the attempt to meet
these recognized needs must not pre-
suppose any inevitable limitations
upon the prospects of future advance
ment OF the young people who avail
themselves of the opportunities Of
fered
The representatives of labor
properly maintain that the door Of
opportunity and advance
ment must always be kept open. and
every individual should be permit
ted to progress just AS far as per-
sonai ability and willingness to ap-
ply himself will carry him. In this
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05
Vocational Instruction Not Regarded
AS Substitute But as Necessary
Part Of balanced Curriculum.
EQUAL FREE OPPORTUNITY.
Old Cultural Ideas Yielding to New
Conception Of the Value OF Service
Performed in All the Relations OF
Life.

The latest annual report OF the
United States commissioner of educa-
tion calls attention to the favorable
attitude of organized labor with ref
erencc to the movement for vocation
al education. as represented by the
chief executive officials OF the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor. (See an
nual report, 1916. vol 1, chap tx,
Vocational Education" PIP las
1859
During the fiscal year covered by
this report the American Federation
of Labor has again emphasized its
cooperation with the forces that are
endeavoring to study the problems of
vocational education. and to- seek the
organization everywhere OF schools
and courses OF instruction that shall
advance the best interests of all con-
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05
underlying the var ious industries and
Industrial pursuits being taught. their

underlying the var ious industries and
Industrial pursuits being taught. their
historic. economic and social bear
ings.
g. That all courses in industrial
education shall be administered by
the same board OF education or trus-
tees administering the general edu-
cation. that no federal legislation on
this subject shall receive the APP
prevail of the American Federation of
Labor which does not require a unit
system of control over all public
school studies. general and indus
trial"
The full report of the committee
on education. as printed in the vol
fume of the proceedings of the 1915
convention is of interest for its re-
view of the attitude of the federation
toward vocational education in the
past. As early as 1903 a special COM
mittee was appointed to consider
what could be done to secure from
The Richmond Virginian. (Richmond, Va.) 1910-1920, 1917-08-05

CONTINUED on Seventh PageD
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19
AUCTION BULLRTIN

We shah sellTh1rsday (watch special
ads) The Napefy and Elkington Sill
Ventilated Spoons. Knives, Forks,
etc., balance Of the dinner service
from Mr.. II X. Howard. Sale will
be at the Auction Rooms. s
as Law Books. Estate Of Judge
Wilder. viii be sold at same time,
lists will be published in special ads
later.
A fine double barreled w. w
Greener shotgun. fine Ithaca dou
BILE barreled:shotgun in q solid Heath.
er case. tour rifles and three irevoly,
ers. Shotguns are especially good
We are Of opinion that these fire
arms can be sod only to citizens
OF the United States, under festric
tons Of registration. etc. We viii
inform ourselves before sale date
We want all the furniture yot
have 10 spare for sale BY auction In
the Honolulu Auction Rooms J. s
BAILEY.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19
SEALED TENDERS.

Sealed tenders will be received by
the Superintendent of Public Works
up until II a, m. of Saturday, April %,
1917, for the Construction of a Re
inforced Concrete Heater Building for
the Oahu Insane Asylum, Honolulu,
T. II. 2 So ~ - = -. =
The Superintendent of Public Works
reserves the right to reject any or all
tenders.
Plans, specifications and blank
forms Of proposal are on file Ia the
office Of the superintendent OF Public
Works, Capitol Building, Honolulu.
CHARLES RsFORBES,
Superintendent OF Public Works.
Honolulu. April Il. 1877.
6I62-iot
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19
sY AUThoaITY.
RESOLUTION NO. 74s.
copyfiehs iSl6 b. 3. c. III

De Il resolved by the Board Of S,I-
peryisors Of the City and County q
Honolulu. Territory OF Hawaii. that
the sum Of One Thousand. Five Hun.
dred Dollars (sl.5000o), be. and The
same. Is hereby appropriated out 81
all moneys in the Permanent Improvc-
ment Fund of the Treasury Of said CITY
and County, for. an account 70 BE-
known as Reconstruction of 6S.Foo|
Span Bridge. Kalihi.
Presented by
CHAS. N. ARNOLD.
SUPERVISED.
Date OF Introduction:
Honolulu, Hawaii. April II, 1917.
I hereby certify that the foregoIn.
Resolution passed First Reading and
ordered to print at q meeting held ~
the Board Of Supervisors on Tuesday
April II, 1917. on the following vote 81
said board:
Ayes: Arnold. Hatch. Hollinger.
Horner, Larsen, Logan. Total s.
Noes: None.
Absent and not voting: AHA. 70
tai /.
Z. BUFFANDEAu.
Deputy City and County Clerk.
6763-Apr. Is, 10, 20.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19
SEALED TENDERS.

Sealed tenders VIII be received up
to II O'Clock noon and opened on the
Path day Of April, 1917, at the office
of the Clerk of the City and County
OF Honolulu, Room s, Mcintyre Build
ing, for furnishing all material. tools
and labor necessary to construct a
2-story concrete and frame school
building and a toilet building in Ka-
ahumanu School grounds. corner Of
Piikoi and Kinau streets.
Plans, specifications and form of
proposal may be had upon applica-
ton and deposit of Ten Dollars
$4,000 at the Building Inspectors
office, Kapiolani Building. "
The Board of Supervisors reserves
the right to reject any or all tenders
and to waive all defects.
D. KALAUOKAI.ANI,
Clerk, City and County Of Honolulu.
s5T5- Apr. IL. Il. IS, II. Is. II. Is. 10,
20. q
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19
HONOLULU RAPID TRANSIT AND
LAND COMPANY
NOTICE or CALLING OF 5oNpe
FOR PAYMENT

Notice is hereby given that pursu
ant to the terms of that certain mort
gage or deed OF trust dated May l.,
1902, recorded in the Hawaiian Regis
try Of Deeds in Lfber 239, page los,
given by the Honolulu Rapid Transit
and Land Company, a corporation, to
the Union Trust Company of San
Francisco, Trustee. securing an issue
Of 100000 in bonds, the said Ho-
nolulu Rapid Tr1nsit and Land Com
pany. has elected and Intends tn avail
itself Of the right and privilege Of re-
deeming and paying and will redeem
and pay all OF the said bonds now out
standing at the expiration Of fifteen
(15) years from their date, VIZ, on
May |, 1917. the same being also an In
terest-paying date.
And notice ID hereby given that the
numbers OF said bonds TO be redeemed
and paid are as follows: Numbers
1850 inclusive. G1-64 inc, 1875 inc,
Io1.109 inc, 117-I2s inc, 13i-1sS inc,
141-,07 inc. 213, z15, 22O, 22f, z23-2s9
inc, 24Isz61 inc, 259:2S1 Inc, 395-29S
Inc, 303-S07 inc, 313-319 inc, 32f-szS
Inc, 331, S33, 33l, 340-3l3 inc, S45-
S52 inc, 354-ssG inc, sEs-36s i1c., 3T0
s71, s7S.ss9 inc, s9i-s97 inc, 40O-4Ol
inc, 415-440 Inc, 451-4e0 inc, 1885
inc, 492-514 inc, SIT, SIS, SIG, $50,
I.534-549 inc, 5sl-s54 inc, 556-sS1 inc,
5s4-5S6 inc, 592, 595-600 inc. e64-671
inc, 674-676 inc, 679-690 Inc; that
payment will be made on said May 1,
1917, at the said Union Trust Com
pany's office In San Francisco, Cal, OF
i at the National City Bank n New
York, N Y, or at the First National
Bank IN Honolulu, T. H., at either oil
which places payment win be made
|. therefor
And notice IL hereby given that the
interest no's OF any bond or bonds
called for b.4yment then maturing will
not be paid unless the same Il pre-
sented FIR payment when the bond e
which II belongs Is also presented.
And notice Is further given that the
said bond or bonds so called for par
ment win cease to bear interest aftei
that date.
Dated, Honolulu, January %. 1917.
HONOLULU RAPID TRANSIT AMI
LAND COMPANY.
BY CHARLES IL. ATHERTON,
Treasurer
i6747-27t. Mar. 90 to Arr. 30. inclusive
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19

ChoIly-Do yeu think it would be
foolish for nue. to marry girl who is
my intellectual Inferior
D6iiy-MoTe thaa foolish--impos-
sibie.-Cieyeiani Leader.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19
BUSINESS PERSONALS
EDUCATIONAL

QJIEvlLLON French native
experienced teacher wishes to take
few more ..upils. Hawaiian Hotel
6742-lmc.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19
RESOLUTION NO. zee.

Be Il resolved by the Board Of 1I+
pervisors OF the City and County 81
Honolulu. Territory Of Hawaii. t1I|
the sum Of Three Hundred Two Dollar
C$s02. O0l. be. and the same II her1I|
appropriated out OF all moneys n I..
Permanent Improvement Fund Of On.
Treasury OF the City and County q
Honolulu for the account known n.
Smith Street Frontage Improyem1I|
Salaries, Payrolls and Incidental.
said sum to be an advance out 81 1|I.
Permanent Improvement Fund - D.
reimbursed from all moneys that o.|'
hereafter become available In ||.
fund for street improvements In 0u||.
Street Frontage Improvement CT
credited upon any sum which may p.
or become due from the City oI.
County toward the cost OF said i.
sprovements.
Introduced by
CHAS. N. ARNOLD.
Supervis0r
Date OF Introduction:
Honolulu, Hawaii. April II, 1917.
l hereby certify that the forefo'..
Resolution passed First Reading ...
ordered 10 print 1t meeting bed .
The Board Of Supervisors On Tnc5..|
April II. 1917, on the following tI..
Of said board:
Ayes: Arnold. Hatch, HoilIn..-
Horner, Larsen, Logan. Total 8
Noes: None.
Absent and not voting: AHA. I.
tai !.
e. BUFEANDEAU,
Deputy City and County clerI
g763--Apr. Is, 10. 20.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19

Two-bedroom furnished cottage; $4,000
per month; no children. ST. Young
street, near Kapiolani 6761-tf
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19

Furnished cottage, or housekeeping
rooms for rent, Cottage Grove. King
street Phone 1887. 6762-tf
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19
FOB SALE
REAL ESTATE
hoMEsTEAps OF FARM LANps.

HOMESTEApS Oh FAHW LANDS.
Oregon e California Railroad Co.
Grant lands. Title TO same revisited
In United States by act of Congress-
dated June Q. 1916. Two million
three hundred thousand aeres &c be
opened for homesteads and sale.
Timber and agricultural lands. Con.
tanning some OF best lands left In
United States. Now. ID the oppor-
tune time. large sectional map
showing lands and description Of
soil, climate, rainfall. elevations,
etc. Postpaid one dollar. Grant
Lands Locating Co. Box $40. Port.
land, Oregon. 67A-sm
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19

well-bnilt, practically new. and sub
.stahtiaf bungalow In Kaimuki: just
2 minutes from the car line and
down 20 the minute in style. finish
and conveuiences. and pretty both
inside and out To set 70 the coast
,qnickly rye cut down the price to
$500. There's q vacant corner lot
next door and this lot II viii throw
IN. OIdburg. $40 Leahi ave-,
cor. Sth and Leahi. vacant lot on
Feorner. my place right next door.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19
FOR REM
FURNISHED HOUSES

Desirable houses IN various parts OF
the city, furnished and unfurnished,
!. et Sl5. SIS, SRI SIS. $50. $50. $40 and
up 10 $l2s q month. See list In our
office. Trent Trust Co., Ltd, Fort
street. between King and Merchant.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19
lease on SALE

Nice S-bedroorhs furnished cottage.
Lease or sale. yard 5oxl50, partly In
fruit trees. WAGER laid on, good roads,
: Address Owner p. @. Watertown,
OShu. ~ 6f63 81
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19

Don't buy or sbuiId until you see the
modern 5.ruom Bungalow offered
for sale IN Royal Grove. near the
beach. Two bedrooms, screen
porch, large garage shower bath
large bathroom, hot water in en- fali-
Gets. This Is q bargain ct $4,000.
2l17 Kuhio ave. 67ls.tf
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19

Three.bedroom house, 1856 Kuhio ay-
enue, Royal Grove. Right-of-way to
beach. Phone 1859. 6762-tf
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19

Kalihi, Kapulani street. bedroom
house and large lot. cement side
walks. fruit trees. chicken coops
garage etc On terms and for q rea
sonable price. J. C. Sousa. Phone
1854. I Brewer Bldg. 675S--tl
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19

Date OF Introduction:
Honolulu, Hawaii. April II, 1917.
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19
WANTED
rtsde Md g. Q 5 P.l 90.

Roofs q RepaIr-Wt Guarantee e
stop al leaks. See Lon Rogers OF
Fred Haviland. We lead; others
follow. Eureka Paint Co. SIC So,
King S. Phone 1oe6
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19

.s747-27t, Mar. 30 to Apr, 30. Inclusive
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19
BUSINESS GUfpE
IEWELERs

T. MOTOSHIGE. 247 N King IT., opp.
Aala Park Watches and jewels:
repairing 6645--tf
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19
BUSINESS GUIDE
CARES AND RESTAURANTS

The Manhattan Cafe-Meals al all
hours; known for quality and ser.
vice, you should eat there. G3I4-tf
Honolulu star-bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1912-2010, 1917-04-19
FURNISHED ROoMs.

Large room for two gentlemen, Riso
single room. Special rates by the
month. Heinie's Tavern, Phone
1886. 674s.tf
The Wahpeton times., 1917-09-06
CYCLING FAD BEING REVIVED
Many Persons Who Had Forgotten All
About Bicycles Have Taken to
~ Riding Them Again.

There has come fad for bicycling
again. Not a very full.grown fad, to
he sure, but still a good many persons
who had forgotten all about bicycles
or else hardly knew Of them have
taken to riding them.
And it is rather interesting to note
comment that was made some 20
years ago, when we took up bicycling
80 very seriously. It was this: That
bicycling has done as much harm to
the habit Of good reading Us it had
done good to the health of bicyclers.
Nowadays there are so many other
things to blame for our loss of the
habit Of good reading. The moving
pictures, of course, come in for their
share of blame. And then all our out
door sports must also take the time
that we might otherwise feel disposed
to devote to reading. Perhaps If we
could go back to the mid-Victorian
habits Of women, before outdoor sports
were the fashion, we should do much
more substantial reading. Perhaps not.
Perhaps we have learned to do more
things than we used to do and per-
haps we are better read today than we
used to be.
1t would take a good deal Of care
full work to find out.-Exchange.
The Wahpeton times., 1917-09-06
Korea Gold Mine for Japan.

The total output of the Korean
mines last year exceeded 15,OOO,OO0
yen ($7.5O0.OOO). This amount is far
greater than the gold production of the
mother country, says the East and
West News. The three largest gold
mines in Korea-Unsan, Suan and
Changs0ng-are managed by foreign
ers. The largest gold mine entirely d.
rected by Japanese is the Asano, in Su-
nan district. South PyOngando. Ken
song mine in the same province, man.
aged by the .Furikawa firm, is equally
prosperous. Hoichang mine. in Song
chon district, is developing greatly.
Most Of the gold ore produced in
Korea goes to Japan for refinement,
but refinery has recently been built
Mt Chinnampo that will save some Of
these shipments.
The Wahpeton times., 1917-09-06
NATIONAL HERO OF SERBIA
Soldiers Believe Prince Marko Arose
From Sleep Of Centuries to Lead
Them to Victory.

Not far above Monastir is Prillip,
and in the hills over Phillip Prince
AIarko has slept in his cave for CEN
turies. He is the national hero of Ser
bia. The story tellcrs told of his ex-
ploits in the village squares over night
while peace reigned, says Herbert
Carey in the Saturday Evening Post.
The day came when Prince AIarko
found that life wearied him; and so he
rode his white horse into the cavern,
laid hts golden mace down for pillow
and thrust his sword into the rock, and
Went to sleep.
$50 the moss grew over the sword,'
the Serbian soldiers say. "But each
day Sharatz nibbled patiently ut the
moss, and little by little the rock was
worn away. At last the sword fell,
and the clang Of it awakened Alarko ;
and he leaped on his horse and led us
to victory at the battle of Phillip in
1912"
"Do you believe this story?" asked
an old Serb officer.
''The men believe it," said he. II do
not discourage them. They all say
they saw AIarko on his white horse
that day; and they believe that his
coming presages certain victory. We
shall win back our homes
The Wahpeton times., 1917-09-06
USE PLATES AFTER 16 YEARS
Photographers Find They Do as Good
Work as New Ones Without In.
creasing Length Of Exposure.

Many photographers have boxes of
plates that they are afraid to use for
fear of failure, yet are loath to throw
away. They should know that plates
IL years old may be in perfect condi-
tion.
Charles and Joseph Vallot take about
40 dozen Lumiere orthochromatic A
plates up Mont Blanc every summer
and they never use them all. Recently
they took out their old plates, some of
which they had bought 16 years ago,
and tested them on landscapes of some
difficulty. Without increasing the
length Of exposure they found their
pictures as perfect as those taken on
brand new plates.
La Nature notes that the plates were
packed in ordinary boxes and piled up
in room of house at Chamonix,
which at certain times is very damp.
The Wahpeton times., 1917-09-06
SCIENCE OF WAR IS CHANGED
Developments Of the Past Three Year,
Have Rendered Obsolete Most. Of
the Old Methods.

During the last three years the sci.
ence of war has undergone radical
changes, rendering obsolete much
which past effort and study had es.
tabiished as standard. H. H. Wind
sor writes in Popular Mechanics. Cav.
airy has largely given way to infantry,
which now moves farther and faster
in motor cars than was ever possible
with animals. Machine guns have
changed with conditions of infantry
attacks. Heavy artillery at long range
now accomplishes much of what for.
merly was assigned to an infantry
charge. The difficult and always peril
GUS work Of the field spy and scout
has been left behind by the airman,
who goes forth openly and noisily,
sweeping over enemy lines ut mile
minute. On sea. it is no longer the
ship which can shoot the farthest, or
the fast cruiser which cannot be over
taken, that sinks the most enemy ships,
but the submarine whose underwater
missiles are often unseen and never
heard.
Trench warfare as practiced today
Is an evolution of the old earthwork
idea, but SO changed and expanded as
to have little resemblance. 1t was a
German invention, worked out to in
clude streets and alleys with main
arteries of communication from the
rear, and complete underground habi-
tations capable of housing men by
thousands. These underground rooms
are not only one but often two stories
deep, the lower level being reached by
concealed trapdoors. In the Japanese
Russian war the Japanese made use Of
zfgzag open trenches as Il means of
approach to fortress, but to nothing
like the extent employed now.
The Wahpeton times., 1917-09-06
Always the Truth.

Salvatore CirigliAnO, the distfn.
guished newspaper merchant of the
Park Row building, went to Wood
stock, Nd, to see the ordination of his
brother Dominica us a Jesuit priest,
says the New York Sun. He took his
little boy with him. At theclose Of the
ceremony the child proceeded with
others to kiss the ring of Cardinal Glib
bons.
"What is your name?" inquired his
eminence.
"Antonio Cirigliano, sir"
"Ah, the nephew Of Father Domini-
co. And how old are you?" pursued the
cardinal.
II was four and q half on the train
coming here" said Antopio. ''but I'm
really six"
always the TRUTH" said the cardi.
nal. his eyes winking. always the
truth p
The Wahpeton times., 1917-09-06
Something New About Birds.

Prof. A. A. Allen, in the Scientific
American, declares that polygamy ex-
lists among several varieties Of our
common birds. The felicity Of mated
birds and the "cooing dove" theory has
received shock from Professor Al
lens discovery. Mr.. Robin does not de-
serve all the praise that has been
showered upon him; neither does Mr..
Wren, for they are both polygamists,
says Mr.. Allen. He tells Of finding two
different pairs Of robins nests, the
two nests In each pair built exactly
alike. Joined together and having
common foundation. Two female rob-
ins raised broods, sitting side by side
in two different nests, one male robin
presiding over both households.