Arizona republican., 1917-08-12

haps 100000 members throughout
 Germany Although only one of the
 three heads of the navy Che was sec
 retary of the navy), by the force of his personality, by the political position
 which he had created for himself and by the backing of his friends in the Navy league, he really dominated the other two departments of the navy the marine staff and the marine cabinet.
 Like most Germans of the ruling class, ambition is his only passion These Spartans do not care either for
 money or for the luxury which it brings Their lives are on very sim pie lines, both in the army and navy, in order that the officers shall not vie with one another in expenditure and in order that the poorer officers and their wives shall not be subject to the hu- initiation which would be caused if
 they had to live in constant contact
 with brother officers living on a more
 luxurious footing
 Non TlrpitZS ambition undoubtedly ed himlto consider himself as promis- ing candidate for Bethmann- HollWeg's shoes. The whole submarine issue, therefore, became not only question of military eXpediency and question for the foreign office to decide in con-
 nection with the relations of America to Germany, but also a question of in- ternal politics, a means of forcing the chancellor out of office.
 The advocates for the ruthless war were drawn from the navy and from the army and from among those who believed in the use of any means of | offense against their enemies, and par ticularly in the use of any means that would stop the shipment of munitions of war to the Allies. The army and the
 navy were joined by the conservatives and by all those who hoped for the fali of the chancellor. The conservative newspapers, and even the Roman Catholic newspapers, were violent in their call for ruthless submarine war, as well as violent in their denuncia- t1ons of the United States of America American passengers on merchant l ships of the enemy were called "schutzengel" (guardian angels); car features were published such as one which showed the mate reporting to the captain of an English boat that everything was in readiness for sailing and the captains inquiry, Are you sure
 that the American schutzengel is on 1 board?"
 The numerous notes sent by Amer | lea to Germany also formed a freouent 1 subject of caricature, and I remember l particularly one quite clever one in
 the paper called Drummer. represent l Ing the celebrations in a German port | on the arrival of the one hundredth
 note from America, when the mayor of
 the town and the military, flower girls
 and singing societies and "turnverein,
 were drawn up in welcoming the ar- l ray
 The liberal papers were inclined to l support the chancellor in his apparent l intention to avoid an open break with America. But even the liberal papers
 were not very strong in their stand
 The military, of course, absolutely despised America and said that Amer ica could do no more harm by declar- ing war than it was already doing to
 Germany, and that, possibly the war preparations of America might cut
 down the amount of the munitions
 available for export to the enemies of
 the empire As to anything that
 America could do in a military way,
 the navy and the army were unanimous
 in saying that as a military or naval
 factor the United States might be con-
 sidered as less than nothing. This was
 the situation when the last Sussex
 note of America brought matters to a
 crisis, and even the crisis itself was
 considered a farce, as it had been
 simmering for so long period.
 With this arrival of the last Ameri- can Sussex note I felt that the situa-
 tion was almost hopeless; that this
 question which had dragged along for
 so long must now inevitably lead to a
 break of relations and possibly to war. Von Jagow had the same idea, said that it was fate" and that there was nothing more to be done.
 (Continued Tomorrow) |