davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16
COUNCIL BLUFFS, IOWA.

R. E. Cage died at his home on Fifth
avenue February s, 1917, after an ILL
ness of nine days. Mr.. Cage has been
a resident of Council Bluffs for eleven
years and has host of friends who
will miss him. He was member of
the Baptist church, from where his
funeral was held Wednesday after
noon. Rev. j. P. Jackson officiated. A
wife and two sons survive him.
For he is gone, but not forgotten,
He is happy with his God,
And some day we hope to meet him
BY following the pathway he trod.
Mrs. Lottie Smith is seriously ill at
this writing.
Mrs. Cromley is recovering, after an
operation at St. Joseph hospital,
Omaha. |
Miss Agnes Fountain returned home
Friday evening from Perry, Iowa,
where she went to attend the wedding
of her friend, Miss Lucinda Woodson,
and was also the guest of Mr.. and
Mrs. Howard Stearns.
The wedding of Miss Lucinda Wood
son and Mr.. Richard Parker took place
last Friday afternoon in Perry, Iowa.
It came as a surprise to their many
friends in Council Bluffs, where the
bride has made her home with her
uncle, VIM. Givens. After a short
visit in Council Bluffs the young cou-
pie will be at home in Perry, Iowa,
where the groom has home all ready
for his bride. Our best wishes to the
young couple.
The Mission Circle will meet at the
home of Mrs. D. A. Bottoms on Six
teenth street and Twenty-fourth ave-
nue..
Mr.. Leon Thompson came down
from Sioux City, Iowa, to visit his
mother, Mrs. Sublet.
Mrs. Anna Kinney left Thursday to
visit friends and relatives at Kansas
City, Mo.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16
PLEA WR sELF.RR
okaYies q oswss Coed Advice q
Young Men In 1usln SIS.

This 10 q hard world in business. a
tS2ways has been and always will bA
There sFs many good and generous
osn in It. There aro many who viii
jsad 4 helpirg hand to you In yosr a.
vsrsity, but In the time Of need yoa
vii MT nnd them among tho mos
Who tried to get you to embark h
speculation with your little surpluA
and to eel you something which
would help you TO easy money" n
sslf.reliaut Make your own invest
cation into investments. When yos
cannot, put your money In . good
savings bank. Distrust the financial
demagoguss - you distrust the 20
uucal dsmagogue. Keep your hand
IN your pocketbook q you travel life
FIRST. to give always In properties
= your means to those who are poor
Or; second, to hold from those wha
would take through force Or frau4
what you need for yourself and yourA
You will then. writes Mr.. Dawes IN
ths Saturday Evening Post, have yo1
hand whore most OF the other fellows
have only their eyes. In tits alo1s
You will have the advantage u AaO
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16
the many beautiful floral offerings.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Oliver, Mr. and
Mrs. Samuel Lee and Levi Davenport.
MARsHALLTOWN, IOWA.
4 Special to Bystander.

< i y t(6pcCldl 70 DyStdHucA.(
Thursday, February 8, 1917, occur
red the death of Mrs. Amelia Brown,
wife of Mr.. I. L. Brown, at the St.
Thomas hospital. Mrs. Brown was
born Amelia Ellen Green at Toledo,
Iowa, January 10, 1864. She leaves to
mourn her loss her husband and three
children, Mrs. Grace Humphrey, Carl
T. Brown and Ruth Brown; two BROTH
ers, Mr.. T. A. Green of Toledo, Iowa,
and Prof. Lewis Green of Tuskegee,
Ala, and a sister, Mrs. S. w. Green of
Toledo, Iowa, also other relatives and
host of friends. Her funeral was
held at her home Sunday, Rev. Crowd
er of the Methodist church officiating.
After the service the o. E. S. chapter
No. IL, of which she was a member,
had charge of the service. Monday
morning the body was taken to To-
ledo to be buried in the family lot.
Mrs. s. w. Green, Mrs. Iona Wal
lace, Mrs. Goldie Watson and Mr..
Albert Green of Toledo, Iowa, were in
the city to attend the funeral of Mrs.
/. L. Brown.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Spencer Of Grin
nell were in the city to attend the
funeral of Mrs. I. L. Brown.
Mrs. Johnson, mother of Mrs. c. r.
Gilmore, is ill at her home.
Mr.. Albert Walker is slowly i'm
proving from pneumonia.
Mrs. Alice johnson and daughter,
! Marguerite, intend to move to Des
Moines, Iowa, the last of the week.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16

education held their annual meeting
Monday and Tuesday at Western COL
lege.
The debate was very good which
was given Tuesday night last by the
young men of Western college.
The residence of Mr.. George Ruth
ford was totally damaged by fire
about o'clock Saturday afternoon.
For a short time it was feared it
would be entirely destroyed. Most Of
the upper story was burned and the
kitchen was very much damaged.
While it probably would not be called
a total loss, yet it would cost almost
as much to fix and rebuild it again.
Mrs. Richard Howard, who has been
very i'll, is rapidly convalescing.
A series of prayer meetings are be-
ing held at the various homes. The
Vine and Broadway church will start
protracted meeting beginning with
Monday night.
Subscribe for the Bystander.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16
CLARINDA, IOWA.

AS the correspondent has been hav-
ing the la grippe, readers of the By
stander have been unable to hear from
Clarinda friends for couple of weeks
Mr.. L. w. Williams is suffering this
week with the la grippe.
Mr.. E. B. Cook has spent the last
couple of weeks in Texas on business
Miss Mabel Johnson of Gravity has
been visiting friends in the city.
Sunday was quarterly meeting day
We had with us our presiding elder
Rev. Ferribee, who preached three
soul-stirring sermons. In spite Of the
cold weather an excellent crowd was
out at the three sermons.
Rev. D. w. Brown and wife went to
Bedford to hold quarterly conference
last Tuesday.
The Ladies' Crochet club had their
supper at the home of Mrs. E. b
Cook last Tuesday evening, where
they entertained their husbands. A
Jolly time was had by all those that
Z re present.
Be ready to attend the penny So
ciable given by Mrs. E. B. Cook
Watch for date.
Mrs. Maud Beard entertained the
Crochet club Monday afternoon. A
two-course luncheon was served.
Little Virgil Stewart was numbered
on the sick list last week, but is bet
ter at this writing.
Mr.. Chas. Griffin enjoyed a two
weeks visit with his parents IN
Plattsburg, Mo.
Mr.. Fred johnson and sister, Miss
Mabel, also their mother, motored to
Cromwell last Saturday in Fred's run
about car to see the wreck that oc'
Cured last Saturday at Cromwell
Afterwards they drove to the BALDWIN
home and spent the evening: "A oe'
liphtful time was spent at the baio-
win home.
Mr.. Henry Ferrior, who has been
suffering with la grippe, is able TO De
out again. -, -,
An apron and necktie sociable will
he given at Masonic hall by the ladies'
If the Crochet club soon. Every gen.
tleman come and buy necktle ano
take lady to supper.
Joe Brown.
The ladies of the Home and Foreign
Missionary society Of the A. M. =
church will meet at Sister fnoepe
Rogers on Thursday evening we
hope every member will be present
President, Sister D. w. Brown.
Mrs. Lottie Williams was presented
with beautiful cake last week Ds
Mrs. L. w. Williams on her blrthday
Mr.. R. T. Lane is building MS res.
tanrant on Grant street, where 1T was
burned down last fall.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16
BUXTON, IOWA.

Mrs. Hazel Barber of Lansing,
Mich, is visiting her mother, Mrs. j
R. Roman. ....
The J. w. Nicely grocery store and
dance hall in South Buxton was COM
pletely destroyed by fire Saturday
night. Mr.. Nicely was out of the city
Mrs. Rebecca Bingham is still on
the sick list.
Mrs. Roberta Baily is indisposed
this week.
Sunday morning about o'clock
Wilson Jones, better known as "Giggy
JONES'" was seriously shot by Geo.
Garland. The left eye was shot out.
He was rushed to the Miller hospital
at Abba, Iowa, where he still lies very
low. Geo. Garland is in the Abba Jail.
Miss Demby of Boston, Mass, sang
at the Mt. Zion Baptist church Sunday
night. All who heard her were well
pleased.
Mrs. French Brown, who was oper-
ated on at the Iowa City hospital, is
reported as doing fine. Her sister,
Mrs. VIM. Humbles, was unable to be
operated on owing to a weak heart.
DR.. Carter is doing fine and will be
home in few days.
Rev. Roman preached their fifteenth
anniversary sermon at the Tabernacle
Baptist church Sunday afternoon. A
good crowd was present.
DR.. Linford Willis is kept very busy
these days.
Mr.. j. H. Morris was in several days
last week owing to a severe cold.
Mr.. Randolph Taylor, night engineer
at No. 18 mine, spent three days IL
Buxton last week.
Mrs. Daisy Jones, president of the
Progressive club, speHt Tuesday after
noon with Mrs. Violet Mardis. They
had delightful time.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16
CENTERVILLE NEWS.

Quite a change in the weather.
Much warmer than last Sunday and
all services were we'll attended.
The church and Sunday school are
still progressing nicely, also the B. Y.
P. U.
The entertainment given by the
paving committee was we'll attended,
which proved quite success.
Mr.. H. Wright and Mrs. John Mar
tin still remain on the sick list.
Mrs. John Childs is able to be out
again.
Quite a number from Mystic attend
ed the funeral of Mrs. B. Davenport.
Mr.. Levi Davenport returned to his
home in Kansas City. He was called
here by the death of his grandmother,
Mrs. Barbara Davenport.
Mrs. John Nash left for Fairfield on
Wednesday morning to attend the
wedding of her cousin, Mrs. Rachel
Baker.
Miss Viola Noah and Christena Crit
tenden were visiting Sunday at the
home of Mrs. E. F. Brown of Mystic,
Iowa.
Miss Bessie Nash is able to resume
her school duties again.
Mrs. H. Wright is reported quite
sick at this writing.
There will be an entertainment
given Saturday night for the benefit
of the church. Mr.. Joe Sanders, chair
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16

sister, Mrs. Dabney, who has been i'll
for some time at the home of her
daughter, Mrs. Julia McGee.
Miss Eleanor Louise Lavell is con-
fined to her bed, but is some better.
Mrs. Mary Horne entertained in
formally Thursday. A two-course
luncheon was served.
Mrs. Erie Woods and daughter,
Clara, of Oelwein, is visiting relatives
in the city.
The Brotherhood met at the church
Sunday afternoon. Next meeting with
Rev. J. P. Sims.
The J. s. Y. club met at the home
of Mrs. Naomi Hicks on Wednesday
afternoon. A two-course luncheon
was served.
Mrs. Lulu Horne entertained the
Art and Literature club Monday after
noon. A program on the life of Lin
coin was given. A pleasing feature
/ was a solo by Mrs. Mary Horne. The
club will give an art exhibition the
22nd at the home of Mrs. Amelia
jackson.
Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. Christian have
been ill, but both are able to be out.
Mr.. M. W. Scott has gone to Ala
bama to visit his mother.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16
na Edmunds, was called to his bed


side.
A valentine party and dance was
given at the hall Wednesday night by
Miss Alma jackson.
The Dumas school celebrated Lin
coins birthday Monday in room two
An excellent program was rendered
by the little folks, under the auspices
of Mrs. Margaret Scruggs.
Mrs. Arthur Williams and Mrs.
Johnnie jackson are preparing pro-
gram for Wednesday night at the
Vine and Broadway church, given for
the benefit Of the Sunday school.
A very successful musical and liter
ary program was given Friday even
ing at Western college chapel by Mrs.
N. Pyrtle, the instructor Of music, and
Mrs. G. T. Stocks, instructor Of the
model school.
Mrs. H. McGill, the hairdresser of
our city, spent few days in Shell
bina, NO., on business.
Mrs. Thomas Lewis and Mrs. Susan
Brown are on the sick list.
Alfred Oliver spent a few days in
Moberly last week.
The wedding bells Of our city are
constantly ringing. Quite a surprise
was to their many associates when
they learned of the quiet wedding Of
Miss Devolna johnson of Meadville
NO., and Tenas Perkins, a young man
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16
CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.

Mr.. @. J. Sharpe has been indls'
posed this week with la grippe. Is
some better at this writing.
Rev. A. Ford, who has been i'll to'
the past two months, was out Sunday
His many friends were glad TO see
The Imperial Quartet, under the
leadership of Mr.. H. G. Price, sang al al
the Churchill Drug Co.'s banquet nelc
at the Montrose hotel. Will sing a.
the high school assembly next week We,
Members are Forest Martin. WIN
Brown, Jr., Robert Martin and H. u
Price. -, 49,,
time. -,
Mr.. Low Of St. Paul is visiting his
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16

man.
Tie Industrial and Art club met at
the home of Mrs VIM. Cobbs. The
life of Frederick Douglas was dis
cussed. Miss Cornelia Smith opened
the discussion. Officers were elected
as follows: President, Mrs. B. B.
Baker; vice president, Mrs. A. L. Crit
tenden; secretary, Mrs. VIM. Noah;
treasurer, Miss Cornelia Smith; re-
porter, Mrs. A l.. Crittenden. The
club is progressing nicely.
Rev. M. Darlington is suffering with
a severe cold.
Mrs. M. Darlington was calling on
Mrs. l.. p. Lewis and Mrs. S. H Jones.
Card of Thanks.
We wish to express our heartfelt
thanks to our neighbors and friends
for their sympathy and their many
acts of kindness during the illness and
death of our mother and grandmother,
Mrs. Barbara Davenport. Also for
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16
SPENCER BROS.
CONTRACTORS

Spencer Bro contractors Of Iowa and Illinois, have formed
business under the Of Spencer Bros Coohn
Harvey Speneof Grinn and Mason City, Iowa.
pectvel, Sherman Spencer of Jacksonville Illinois, have
partnership with headquarters for the
City, The will do business in Iowa. Illinois and
elsewhere wherever their business interest concerned The
the John Spencer of Gnne Iowa. president and
Sherman Spencer of jacksonville Illinois,
PRESIDENT Spencer of Mason City, Iowa. ecretary Harvey
Spencer Mason City, Iowa. The firm will have head
Mason City with branches at Grnn Iowa.
Jacksonville Illinois The object of the firm is to do bigger bet
greater things expand their business They will
their capital stock later Our motto An Honest Deal We
mea business Those wishing line of work write
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16
LINCOLN AND DOUSLASS.

(Mrs. Grace Shimm Cummings, in the
Champion Magazine, Chicago, Ill.)
Before two shrines, this month we
kneel
To pay the homage of race;
Lincoln and Douglas! Oh, we feel
That none may take their sacred
place.
Both brothers in the hallowed cause
Of human right and liberty;
One triumphed over wicked laws,
/ One voiced the plant of slavery.
One swept through seas of patriot
blood
To wear the martyrs glorious
crown;
One rose to greatness, honor, fame,
Despite detraction, jeer and frown.
Both sons Of proud America,-
One white, one black-to freedom
born!
True to Humanity and Right,
| Dead to oppression's rage and
scorn!
The eehoing past no whisper breathes
Of worthier names for highest
praise;
Bring here, fond memories, greenest
wreaths;
gards, tune your Tyres to noblest
lays!
Dear God! the soul that's nearest
Thee,
For others, dares to lay life down;
For others crucified would be
That they might wear the victor's
crown!
High on the Futures fadeless scroll,
May fame inscribe in lines of light
"Lincoln and Douglass-Champions-
Who stood for God, and hence, for
|. Right"
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16

of our city. The bride departed Mon
day evening for a short stay in
Brookfield, Mo. We wish them sue
cess and a joyous life.
We are very glad to know that Mr..
and Mrs. Allen Taylor have opened
up modern rooming house in the
city on Missouri street.
It is indeed treat to see Miss Flora
Hisel out, after a spell Of sickness.
The official member of the board of
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16
bina to accompany her sister, Mrs. G

bina to accompany her sister, Mrs. G.
Peters, to Moline, III.
The young men Of Macon have
opened up a new club room, known as
the Silver Dollar club, under the man.
agement of Mr.. A. C. Oliver.
Mr.. Noble johnson and Mr.. May
Burton spent Sunday in .Kirksville,
Mo.
Mr.. Cecil Henderson remains very
ill at his home. His mother, Mrs.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16
Y6unker Brothers
Another Great Basement Event
The Seuenth
Anniversary Sale

It begins on Tuesday morning and will be a
fitting celebration to the wonderful growth and
progress of this Lesser Price Store Within a
Store" The offerings will be largely new Spring
merchandise, gathered from the best markets
of the country--dependable in quality, and so
priced as to bring worthwhile savings.
Plan to Be Here You'll Be Well REPAID
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16

Subscribe for ana read your cwn
Bystander and quit borrowing your
neighbor's or quit going to the uublic
library to read it.
The bystander. [volume] (Des Moines, Iowa) 1916-1922, 1917-02-16

:ment was enjoyed and it was very
successful.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1917-09-29
Senate Asked to
Gust La Toilette
(By Associated Press.)

Washington, Sept ga communication from the
governor of Minnesota and the state Public Safety
mission requesting the expulsion from the senate of
Senator La Toilette presented in the senate today
by Senator Kellogg of Minnesota and referred by Vice
President Marshall to the senate privileges and election
committee.
Senator Kellogg explained that he presented the
resolution according to the usual practice of all senators
of fling communications from responsible organizations
and that there other significance in his action.
Characterizing La Follettes speech in st. Paul on
September 20, before the Nonpartsan league eds
loyal and sedtous the resolution declares the utter
already have served to create reasonable sen
ment in Minnesota and petitions the senate to begin
to expel La Toilette preacher of dis
loyalty and sedition giving aid and comfort to
mics and hndering the government in the conduct of
the war;.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1917-09-29
Haywood Is Required To
Post $4,000 Bond;
Others $4,000
INDICTMENTS
AGAINST 1876
More Than Half Said
To Be Natives of Cen
tral Empires
NV Associated PreEa.l

Chicago. Sept. 2s.-The nine lead
ers Of the !. w. w. who were ar
rested in Chicago last night on
indictments charging seditious
conspiracy, returned by a federal
grand jury against 1856 members OF
the organization throughout the
United States. were still in Jail today
having been unable TO furnlEh bonds
which were fixed at $40 600 each. ex-
cept in the case Of William D. Hay
wood, International secretary treas
urer who was held in default of $685.
600.
A large number OF men were taken
into custody with the leaders by
deputy United States marshals but
a number were released after being
questioned.
1t became known today that tho
indictments we're returned by the
grand jury yesterday before half of
the evidence seized in ]. w. w. head
quarters had been examined. The
sudden action is said to have been
due, in part, to information that the
agitators were busy in various parts
OF the United States in spite Of re-
cent raids.
More than half OF the indicted men
are said to be natives of the central
powers or Of the provinces they con-
troll
Those who are held in default Of
bail are:
Richard Brazier, Of Chicago,
Spokane and elsewhere, member Of
the general executive board Of the l.
w. w.
George Andrewchine, of Chicago,
Duluth and elsewhere. manager of
the /. w. w. publicity bureau, Chi
cago.
Ralph E. Chaplin. editor and man
ager of Solidarity.
Vladimir Lossief, Chicago.
Bert Lorton, Chicago, manager re-
cruiting union.
Charles Rothfisher, editor.
A. Bergumkas, Chicago and Cleve-
land.
Charles Plahm. Chicago and De-
troit.
Herbert MahIer. Seattle and Chi
cago.
After the first automobile loads
had reached the federal building
nA1s persons were TAKEN I'm custody
until approximately, $50 tpep had
been brought in to- be duestfhaed
Sixteen were taken in a. second.
descent on the ]. W. w. headquar-
terE. ........ ....
AS fast as the men were question:
ed they were returned to the custody
OF the marshal. Many of them were
at once taken to the county Jail for
the night.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1917-09-29
Goes Before Congress Call
ed By Maximalists and.
Workmen and Soldiers
DECLARES HE HAS
SAVED RUSSIA
Extremists Expected To
Present Their Program
At Today's Session
~ AssocIated Press.l

Petrograd, Sept. 2S.-(Delayed) -
Premier Kerensky took the initiative
today and faced boldly what may be
the supreme test of the power Of his
government. At the very beginning
Of the Democratic congress called by
the Maximalists and the council Of
Workmen's and Soldiers delegates to
question his power and perhaps to
demand a new government, the
premier accepted the challenge.
He told the congress that his
regime had saved Russia in its dark
est hours.
The government also Indicated it's
policy of a firm continuation Of the
war when General Verkhovsky. min
lister of war pledged the convention
to a. final victory over Germany If
discipline in the army was restored.
The generals reference TO the return
of discipline and his announcement
that the officers would be named by
their superiors instead Of elected by
the soldiers, was applauded only
mildly, but his address as a whole
evoked more cheers than did the
premfer's.
M. Kerensky, in his speech refer
red to the revolt OF General Kornil-
off and declared:
Il prevented 1t, I destroyed IL, /
was informed from the beginning Of
its existence.
When the premier declared that
the good OF Russia necessitated the
observance Of order and discipline,
one of the most dramatic heckling
incideAts which punctured the ad-
dress occurred. He had reached a
pause in his address when a loud
voice in the gallery shouted: you
are the great mischief worker of the
country.
From a bedlam Of Kisses and ap-
plause, voices from the floor chal-
length the heckler, to arise. A COM
mon soldier in the back gallery arose
and with arms folded across his
brown blouse. stood calmly facing a
torrent of Kisses from the supporters
of Premier Kerensky. This was only
one of the unusual scenes.
There was an aH of tense excite
ment as result of rumof thai the
agitator Lenine would atfAEld the
convention. This died down how
ever, when he failed 70 appear. E...
The applause which greeted Prem
fer Kerenslzy indicated that he had
small majority with him. The So
cialists supporting him contend he
The government ministers had a
meeting late last night to discuss the
effect of his appearance, but none of
the ministers would talk.
A crisis probably. will come Satur-
day when the work of preliminary
has been completed and
the radical Left presents it's exs
tremist'B program. The Bolsheviki
and the conservatives alike will make
an effort tomorrow lining up their
strength through party conferences.
The Fargo forum and daily republican. [volume] (Fargo, N.D.) 1894-1957, 1917-09-29
SAYS MILK PRODUCERS
HAVE VIOLATED LAW
Have Fixed Prices, Maintained
BIaeklists, Formed Pools and
Established Boycotts.

Chicago, Sept. 2s.-Following the
seizure of records Of the Milk Pro-
ducers' association composed Of $40
a the largest producers Of Illinois,
Wisconsin and Indiana, and the TAX
ing of witnesses before the grand
Jury. James III. WiIkerson, first as
slstant attorney general, made a
public statement today in which he
declared the producers have Yiolat-
ed every anti trust law. both state
ana federal, in every possible way.
Regarding the statement made by
the milk distributors that on next
Monday the price Of milk in Chicago
will be raised to IL cents a quart
Mr.. Wflkerson said his office is
awaiting the jump In. price with
great interest"
An examination Of the documents
seized caused Mr.. Wilkerson to de-
clare that the producers body is
guilty OF arbitrarily fixing prices, OF
maintaining blacklists, of forming
pools illegally. and of establishing
boycotts.