davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1917-02-02

Their presence generally means that
decay has made considerable progress
In the wood.
The four requirements for the
growth of fungi are moisture. air, a
favorable temperature, and food.
A damp condition of the wood Is
probably the most favorable to decay.
Wood can be either so wet or so dry
that the fungi cannot live In 1t. When
submerged In water 1t has been known
to last hundreds of years, and In per
fectIy dry situations It viii often last
indefinitely. Wood in contact with
damp ground usually contains the
right amount of moisture for the de-
yelopment Of decay. Also. where tim
Der Is In contact with wood or other
material, water frequently collects In
the points and keeps the wood moist
for long periods OF time, thus favoring
decay at these points. Familiar exam
plies OF this are decay in the tops OF
posts In board fences. in the joints OF
various kinds of buildings, in porch
columns, In stills resting on wood or
stone piers, and in lumber piles.
There are very few places where the
fungus cannot get air enough for its
aeeds. When wood Is buried deep In
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1917-02-02
WIe1ethe farmer has n0ft The means Of treating
his 0Uwmate,1a/e6icyently, tie can arrange 0cxlb
0ther farmers to 40 tile zeork c0-0berahUeU
By
GEO.M.HUNT
Chemist
In Forest
Products

the use of stones I'm this way has
seemed to favor decay rather than re-
tard 1t, because the post is allowed to
dry out partially between wet spells.
1t would be better to keep It con-
stantly wet.
In dry, sandy regions posts are
sometimes very badly cut by drifting
sand being blown against the wood.
This effect is sometimes called burn
ing" Piling stones around such posts
would. no doubt, be effective In pre-
venting the sand-cuttlng. II Is doubt
full, however, If results obtained by the
use of stones for the sole purpose OF
preventing decay will justify the labor
involved.
Setting posts in concrete may have
a beneficial effect in some cases. II
moisture should reach the post, how
ever, 1t may be held there by the
concrete and cause decay to proceed
more rapidly. This is an expensive
method OF setting posts and cannot
be depended upon to prevent decay.
ProlonaIng the Lie Of Posts by Means
OF Preaervatlves.
There are five chief requirements
for preservative for general use. II
should be reasonably cheap should
penetrate wood readily, should not be
corrosive to metal, should not evRpo-
rate or wash out OF the wood easily,
and should be poisonous TO fungi.
For special purposes there are, Of
course, additional requirements.
Coal-tar creosot0, which is a brown
ish-black heavy oil, practically insol-
uble In water, Is In general use for
preserving fence posts and other farm
timbers. Satisfactory penetrRtions OF
many species of wood can be secured
with II and excellent results have
ben obtained by lite use. II is con-
sidered one OF the most efficient pre-
servatives against decay so far de-
veloped for farm timbers exposed to
the weather. II may also be used for
inside work wherever its color, Odor
and other properties are not objec.
tionable.
Coal-tar creosotes vary considerably
in quality but satisfactory results may
be obtained from any good grade, pro
yided a sufficient amount is put into
the wood and a good penetration Il
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1917-02-02

secured. Creosotes containing high
percentage of oils which boil at a low
temperature are not suitable for
use on the farm as those which con-
tain a lower percentage Of these oils,
because a considerable portion may
evaporate and be lost during treat
ment In some cases as much as one
fifth of the oil used has been lost In
this way. This loss of oil by evRpora-
ton may be largely offset, however, by
the lower price at which the low-boil-
ing creosotes may usually be obtained.
Tar is not a good preservatiye for
farm use and, IN general. good results
have not been obtained with IL when
applied by methods that are practic-
able on the farm. Its chief defect is
that 1t does not penetrate the wood
readily. Coal-tar and water-gAs tar
are also much less poisonous to the
organisms which cause decay than is
coal-tar creosote.
Crude oil is not sufficiently poison
GUS for O wood pre9ervatiye. II the
wood can be thoroughly saturated
with IT. water may be kept out and
decay prevented; but II Is very DIM
cult, IL not impossible. TO get enough
oil into most woods by processes
which are practicable on the farm.
For treating by the brush method
crude oil In entirely unsatisfactory.
Good results cannot. in general. be
expected from paint, llnseed oil. or
whitewash when used on fence posts
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1917-02-02
WANTED MKN AND woMtN
OWE WEALTH TO PETROLEUM
Vast Fortunes o. Oh Kings Al Have
HAD Their Foundation in That
Substance.

on is one OF the financial hnckbones
Of the world There are more Oh kings
than any other kings barring royalty.
Yet mutiinttionnlrcs. who's. money
camo from oil. owe their fortunes 10
the mother oil. petroleum. By this IL
IL meant that petroleum IL the basis oe
nine. tenths Of the oils ether thnn vcEc-
table ola
Petroleum comes from the earth =
liquid substance, II is then run into
huge tanks, whore II N vuporlEcd. the
product of the process being collected
rhlS product Ii petrol The substance
left In the tanks is vHporiEed by the
same process only under greater heat.
and what Is collected aud condensed IL
pArafFin.
Paraftin and petrol are tho two light
eat oils. and for this reason they are
tho first to DO obtained. They are nlso
known as the "tnnnmmabl0 oils" and.
a. such, far the two most important
oils In existence. when these have been
extracted the heavier oils are driven
of. Firstly the thin, then the thick
lubricants.
&A@ AN@tNhNs VM
solid parafiin. Another substance OBJ
talnsd from petroleum lie naphtha.
There are huge petroleum wells In
Russia and America. La both places
the oils are extracted Rt the wells and
are conveyed through underground
pipes TO the @eA. where they are
Skipped away. The longest oil pipe 10
about forty miles rl.length.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1917-02-02
:sperImen.aI ou.n. Aea.sd By e.esm.

Experimental OUTFIT Heated by Steam.
woods, care should be taken to re-
move the thin inner bark from the
part Of the post that Is TO be treated.
Even small patches of this bark often
prevent penetration by the preserve
tive.
In order to obtain the best absorb
ton and penetration OF prsservative
the posts must be seasoned. The
water and sap must come out OF the
wood to make room for the preHerva.
tive to go 10. Furthermore. wood
treated green is likely to check open
after treatment, exposing untreated
wood. Seasoned wood which has been
wet by recent rains IL not in good
condition to treat.
The best place for rapid seasoning
10 an exposed location on high ground.
On damp or low ground or near q
stream seasoning will tnks place much
more slowly, and the wood will never
get quite 30 dry. II properly piled In
a good location, posts will usually sea.
son sufficiently for treatment In from
90 to 90 days of good seasoning
weather. In exceptional cases they
have been known TO season In a
month.
II Ia sometimes difiicult to determine
from Its appearance whether timber In
sufficiently seasoned or not. BY weigh,
Ing few representative posts ut rcgu.
lar intervals II Ia possible to determine
the degree Of seasoning very closely
When an ordinary sized post properly
piled for seasoning does not lose more
than a pound or two in weight during
week Of good seasoning weather 1t
may be considered dry enough to treat
Some woods. such as oak and chest
nut, check very badly when dried too
rapidly. II ls well, II possible to cut
and peel such timber IN the fall or
winter, 80 that by the time wnrm
weather comes 1t will BIO partially sen.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1917-02-02

or other timbers In contact with the
ground They do not penetrate the
wood deeply. and the only way they
can prevent decay Is BY preventing the
entrance Of fungi or moisture Into the
wood. Furthermore. The wood II sell
dom painted on all sides: 30 II il
usually possible for fungus TO enter
through an implanted part. When
ever the painted film cracks or peeis
on. decay can also enter. II Is quite
common TO see wood decayfng be
meath a coat of paint. II the wood
were saturated with nnzesd 90 u
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1917-02-02
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Treating Plant Made From Two oil
Drums, Showing Method Of Con
structlng False Bottom.

TREATING FiAHb Mauo from We CN
Drums, Showing Method Of Con-
structlno False Bottom.
line. Above the ground line moisture
conditions are usually unfavorable,
and below the ground line the air sup
ply Is less favorable for the develop
ment of decay. In loose or sandy soils,
however, which under good drainage
contain more air than compact soils,
decay may extend to the bottom of the
post.
Notwithstanding fungi cannot grow
at very high or very low temperatures
but there are few, II any, climates In
which the temperature during ut least
part of the year is not favorable TO
their growth.
The wood itself supplies the fourth
requirement of the fungi, which Is
food, In order to prevent decay, 1t Is
necessary to deprive the fungus OF one
or more of these four requirements.
1t Is out of the question in ordinary
situations to deprive II Of air and
warmth; and though moisture can
sometimes be eliminated to a certain
extent, this cannot be done when the
wood is exposed to the weather. In
general therefore, the most effective
method of preventing decay Is to pois.
on the food supply, and upon this
principle is based the use of most sue
cessful wood preservatiyes.
ProIongInu the Life 81 Posts Without
the Use OF Personalities.
Posts which are to be set without
preservative treatment should always
be peeled. The presence Of loose bark
allows moisture to collect, and thus
makes conditions favorable for decay.
1t also harbors wondering insects,
which, by boring tunnels, may both
seriously weaken the post and make
conditions more favorable for rapid
decay by afrording easy access to
fungi.
The general impression has been
that seasoning wood makes 1t more
durable. In a number of experiments
made by the forest service on poles
and ties. however, green wood has
been found as durable as seasoned
wood. It is questionable, therefore, II
Il pays TO season posts simply to In
crease their durability. II the posts
are to be used In moist locations, the
seasoned wood can quickly take up
moisture and In a comparatively short
time reach the condition Of green
wood. In any case, the seasoned
posts win IN time reach approximately
the same condition as unseasoned
posts under the same conditions.
In order TO be Of any value season
ing must be properly done. and the
posts must not be held 80 long that
decay begins before they are set.
Posts should never be left close-pIled
for any length of time.
In some cases eharring has APP
peared to give good results; In others
however, Il has failed 70 give any
appreciable protection, ana II cannot
be relied upon.
PfiIng stones around the base Of the
most has sometimes been resOrted 10.
| This tends TO keep back the weeds and
allow the air to circulate freely
/ around the post. In some climates.
however, where the ground Is wet dur
Ing q considerable portion of the year.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1917-02-02

the ground. especially in compact or
clayey soil, 1t tends to become satu-
rated with moisture, so that decay Is
prevented; but within two or three
feet Of the surface of the ground there
Is usually enough air for the growth
Of the fungus. Conditions are most
favorable, Of course, just at the sur
face of the ground; and II will be not
ed that the point OF greatest decay in
a fence post Is usually near the ground
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1917-02-02

sOned. Woods like pines. frs. etc. are
usually not affected so seriously as the
oaks by rapid seasoning.
The posts should be open piled, 50
that the air will circulate freely
around each one. The bottom Of the
pile should be raised 0 Inches or q
foot from the ground. II the ground
is dry, the posts can be seasoned
where they are cut by laying them
upon rocks or brush. or keeping them
on the ground In any other way. Posts
should never be piled IN close piles or
allowed TO lie on the ground for under
such conditions they viii frequently
start to decay before they are sea.
soned.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1917-02-02

She ION board shipl-"Afr. Jones.
II fell overheard and were drown.
Ing. would you jump IN and save meTs
He (hesitatiuK. bat honesty by
goxs You know. don't believe
kould. But tell you what | would do
/ would watch you drown with The
deepest sorrow and regret Life.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1917-02-02
FOR EARLY SPRING PASTURES
Rye IL Excellent as Green Manure and
Thrives on Acid solls Where
Wheat lie Failure.

Rye viii thrive on acid or poor soils
where wheat win not grow well and
may be planted on any soil later than
wheat. II makes one Of the earliest
spring pastures and Is excellent as =
green manure.
These characteristics make rye an
important factor IN farm economy,
even In sections where its yield Of
grain IL not Is profitable a. that Of
wheat.
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1917-02-02

To break q mirror was said % bring
seven years Of bad luck. This must
have been started by someone who
hoped that the fesr Of bad luck would
cause everybody about the house 10
b careful, and Thus avoid the waste
that would be due TO frequent break
ing OF mirrors. ~r-
Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895-1937, 1917-02-02
Leave IL to the Enemr.

Except in cases of necessity. which
are rare. let your friend learn unpieaS-
ant truths from his enemies; they are
ready enough le tell fhess --~=@Ez
Arizona republican., 1917-05-02
COUNTESS WILL
 DO HER BIT As,
 WARTIME NURSE
Noted Woman Plans to Add
 Another Chapter to Life
 of Adventure by Service Somewhere in France"I

Making preparations to add another thrilling chapter to her life. which has been series of adventure. Countess Moraieska, member of the Pioneer His torical Society of Arizona. is making plans to leave for the battlefields of Europe, where she will act as a Red Cross nurse.
 Countess Morajeska, strong. capable and competent will cross the sea as soon as her business permits, to do her bit somewhere in France" A figure of national intefest, her departure will be matter of comment from one end Of the continent to the other. She has been identified with more sensational episodes than perhaps any woman in the country. In a surgical ward diving the Haymarket riot, she gained her first nursing experience but even this ven ture paled in contrast wifi the more exciting happenings of her later life.
 In discussing her past. the Countess yesterday reviewed the years passed in Alaska where the courageous woman organized and operated a mine against all sorts of odds. She employed 51 men on her fourteen claims in the KlOn dyke and she worked side bv side with them, washing up from $40 to $100 gold In a day. She lived there Tor several years and her Knowledge of the country and conditions made it possible for her to get the Lacy bill through congress. It was largely due to her influence that the government land bill carried and gave the people of Alaska one more reason to be grateful to the woman who had the countrys interest at heart in more than one instance.
 Later experiences with the Indians in Arizona were equally memorable as the Alaskan mining incidents. During all this time under the name of Alice Rol- lins Crane the countess held d con- mission with the Hearst Dapers and now those same stories are being fea- tured in Q scenario which the countess is writing. She proposes to complete it within a short period While abroad she proposes to gather material for other phOtoplays, but her express pur- pose is of course in the interests of the soldiers. She commended the local women on the excellent oWrk they are doing for the Red Cross and believes they are doing the most good here at home The countess declared it was foolish unless one had physical endur- ance and nurses experience to offer their services abroad.
 There is work everywhere for wo- men and many can do their part right at home.' she argued.
 "I am ready to go and have no ties to keen me. Arizona will have one
Arizona republican., 1917-05-02
representative in the Red Cross division and l feel confident many on the bat tlefield.'
PROMINENT SEATTLE
 MAN BUYS JEFFERSON

Announcement was made late last evening that a deal was conSummated yesterday whereby R. N. Monaghan, a prominent hotel man of Seattle, Wash, comes into possession of the Hotel Jef- ferson. formerly under the management of R. D. Roper. MT. Monaghan has al- ready taken over the affairs of the pop ular hostelry, which will be conducted along the same methods as in the past.
 The new manager comes to Phoenix with the highest possible recommenda- tions. For the past 20 years he has been engaged in the hotel business in various sections of the country and is thoroughly conversant with the needs and requirements of a modern home for the travelling man.
 Until recently, MT. Monaghan has been in the hotel business in Seattle Previous to that time he was engaged in similar business at Tacoma and oth- CT points on the Pacific coast.
 Announcement of the purchase of the hotel was made by The Republican several days ago, but as the deal had not been completed at that time, it was emphatically denied.
Arizona republican., 1917-05-02
Are They?

Are They?
 Today is the last showing Of Are Passions Inherited?' at the Columbia theater. Those who have not seen this great western play are urged not to miss it today This is no cheap. trashy. white slave film, nor is it a sex play that children should not see. this theater will not show such plays.
 Are Passions Inherited" is a new departure from the old style westerr plays full of action and thrills, with the roundup, bucking bronc0s dance halls and every thing true to western lite Tomorrow -'iev program. Mrs. Vernon Castle ir Patria and Viola Dana in ''The Mortal Sin" with scenes of Catalina Islands which will com ple'e the bill.
 "Sold at Auction" at Hip
 man hated his wife so intensely that he sent her young daughter away to strangers to hurt the wom- ans pride. Later, when that wife had died and he had become powerful but unpopular he bought at public auc- tiCn, or the equal of that, a girl for a wife. He could obtain one no other way. Ti,en imagine if you can the denouement when he learns as he makes preparations ot take his prize home that she is his own daughter. If that is not the making of a story that is new then there never will be one in the mute drama, thinks the management of the Hip. Certain it is that this picture is one of the kind that the red blooded like and with the fact is coupled the knowledge that the Pathe people have supplied Lois Meredith, wlo by the way if on.s of the original Bird of Paradise" cast with fine supporting cast The sev- erth enisode 0f Francis Bushman and
Arizona republican., 1917-05-02
Boy and Man He Is Ready To Do
 Patriotic Duty

Nineteen years ago, a short time before his graduation from high school, boy, the most popular member of the student body, left the class room for the battle field. The only member of his class to enlist, young Clyde Candy was the hero of the hour in Delta, Ohio. He joined the Sixth Ohio, the last volunteer regiment out of Cuba. He remained in the Philippines for two years as teacher and principal in the public schools, the young student doing his bit toward laying the foundation for the American school system in the islands.
 Yesterday, this boy of nineteen years ago, enrolled for admission to the officers training school at San Francisco.
 Mir. Candy is arranging his affairs to leave with the other Arizonians who have been accepted for training at The Presidio. He stated yester- day that the law firm of Candy and Cunningham would remain in ex- istance, the junior member attend ing to all business during his ab- sence. MT. Candy and Mr. Cunning ham have been associated as part ners since the first of the year when they ended a most successful term in office as county attorney and assistant county attorney of Mari copa county.
Arizona republican., 1917-05-02
COURT RULING
 LIMITS POWER
 IF COMMISSION
Judge Pattee Holds That Corporation Body Cannot Regulate Municipality in Matter of Water Rate

The action instituted by D B. liar Ter to enforce the city of Phoenix to supply him. a suburban resident, with water under conditions and rates as those giver customers living within the city was dismissed in a written decision handed down yester- day by Judge Pattee of Pima coun- ty, who sat in the recent demurrer action by Harrer Judge Pattee fur ther ruled that the Arizona Corpora tion commission had no jurisdiction to act in this case. in fact, has no jurisdiction over any municipal cor poraion. Judge Puttee was sum- 1nOned 10 sit in this case because both judges Lyman and Starford Of Maricopa county were disqualified.
 A hearing in this matter is now bonding before the corporation con- mission and is scheduled for Tuesday morning. May Z, at 10 o'clock. The decision handed down by Judge Pat tee. however, dismisses the entire case, ircluding pcnding action.
 Regardless of this decision, how over, Corporation Commissioner A. A. Betts stated last night that the hear ing would be conducted as scheduled next Tuesday.
 This is taken to mean that the cor
 
 niZe the decision, or, at least, be- lieves that the decision is not in keeping with the corpCration laws or the state.
 According to MT. BettS last night. the corporation commission was giv- en no opportunity to be heard on the question. Judge Pattee merely ruling on testimony presented at the demur Ter hearing.
 It is the contention of the commis- sion that when the water department of the city of Phoenix serves water outside of the corporate limits, it is no longer a municipal corporation and is therefore subject to regua- tions by the eor'mission. The com- mission has never claimed the right, 1t is said, to supervise municipal cor roratiors.
 hearing was conducted sometim4 ago hy the commission on this case a decision being handed down ir favor If the complainant, Mr Har- Ter
 Assistant City Attorne" J F. Nel son has appeared for the city throughout the proceedings, while My. Harrer has been represented by At . tcrnevs A. Y. Moore and J. !. Cox.