davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-04-16
Masonic Meetings
Visitors always welcome.

n" visitors always welcome.
MARSHALL LODGE. No. 1903 A. F. &
"a M-Special communication. WORK
Rem First degree, Friday. April 20 p M
.,harp. John w. Wells, secretary; w.
II. Steiner,W. NJ.
Nc s,oNET CHAPTER. No. SO, r. A. NJ
Stated convocation Monday evening"
April IS. Meet at o'clock for work IN
speGoast and Most Excellent degrees. BUS
ainess to follow. Carl Shaffner. Il. ~
John W. Wells. secretary.
s,o, SPECIAL ASSEMBLY, King Solo
mon Council No 20 r. & S. NJ, Thurs
day. April IL. I: 80 p, m, for work DIN
ooaner at $50. I. T. Forbes, Recorder
inclGeorge Gregory, l. NJ.
the STATED coNcLAVE, St Aldemar
mercommandery, No. 80, K. T. Tuesday
ser,Apr,l II. Regular business 1880 p. m
II. T. Forbes. recorder; II. c. Mueller
is rcommander
Pre- CENTRAL CHAPTER NO. 81, o. E.
II Especial meeting for initiation Wed
w nesday April %, at p. m Mrs
hcl George Downing. secretary; Mrs. }. T.
Frederick, w. M.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-04-16

lily abandoned by the Germans in theil
great retreat.
II will be noted that the British
gained considerably here also, stimuli
taneously with their great attack fur
Their north. The attack was made, 1t
also VIII be noted. just at the Joint"
between the old German line and that
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-04-16
Iona Newspapers
HATGEN'S SPEECH.
fns rrEI

The Fourth district viii agree with
Mr.. Potter while the Norsk will say:
Yah, tank So" and rs2ister his vote
for Haugen again as usual. 1t has been
said that Mr.. Haugen's great great
grandmother could milk reindeer on
the run and that his ability to "run"
was inherited both from his grand
mother and the reindeer. AT any rate
that Is about the speed he develops
once in each two years.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-04-16

mometer down his throat at regular
intervals. AS the average patient.
particularly OF the male sex. soon de-
veIops q temper that would raise blis-
ters on tin roof she Is obliged TO
mix tact with the medicine and some-
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-04-16
The Wrono prlnciple.

The secretary OF the navy has re-
quested the newspapers not to publish
the arrivals OF ships. Tho New York
T!Hics will comply with this request,
hut there devolves upon w the duty
Of pointing out that the secrstary =
proceeding upon the wrons. nfiAclnass
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-04-16
"a nervous, high strung business man
with an liberated tooth which
hangs on like q one-armed
man At . club dance

times little brute fbrce, All success-
full trained nurses have muscles like
prize tcrseshoer. and II rs sad mis-
take to attempt TO argue with one
when she is aroused.
It must be admitted that the trained
nurse earns her money and sometimes
gets 1t.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-04-16

The larger map printed herewith
shows the whole field of the present
operations on the west front. from
Rheims to Ypres, the heavy black line
marking the battle front as II stood
before the British began their spring
drive, against the "Hindenburg line
The arrow indicates the part Of the
line where the British offensive was
and the dotted line the pos
sltton TO which the Germans would
retreat to stralghten their front. (
The smaller map shows the locahpo-
sition OF the British advance in west
ern France. The solid black area COW
ers the ground gained In the first days
drive, as officially reported by The
British. The heavily shaded area. jus;
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-04-16
IOWA OPINION AND NOTES.

The Council Bluffs Nonpareil in
dorses as a splendid idea" the plan of
a Tama county farmer for the setting
apart of an .'Old Glory Acre" on each
Iowa farm. the produce to go for the
benefit Of the Red Cross of the state.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-04-16

1T would be just as constitutional TO
kill every horse found at large after
shutdown as 10 kill every dog" asserts
the Humboldt Republican.
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-04-16
Laughed

william the Conqueror,' read the
mail hny from his history Handed In
enGlaud IL 1893 A. D." "What does
=. y. stand forT' inquired the teach
=. IT, small boy pondered. Il don't
bxactlv kpSw'' - said. "Maybe IT.
Sfser dNrlssv
Evening times-Republican. [volume] (Marshalltown, Iowa) 1890-1923, 1917-04-16

kill every horse found at large after
shutdown as 10 kill every dog" asserts
the Humboldt Republican.
Some of us" says the Missouri VAL
ley News, can plant garden. some
OF us can raise wheat, some can guard
a bridge, some can be Red Cross
nurses, some can go to war. Wherever
we are we can all be patriots and stand
up for Old Glory"
Iowa has long boosted Of the best
shooters in the world, and why
wouldn't II be good idea for the gov
ernor to call on every holder of hum
ters license to come to the rescue Of
his country" suggests the Story city
Herald The presumption is that
these licensed hunters know how 20
shoot aud they can the more quickly
get in trim for service at the front"
1T will he Of much more interest 20
the small town and smaller city resi-
dent this year 10 see his favorite base
ball player clad in suit Of khaki, or
Just plain overalls, swatting the weeds
in the garden" predicts the Waterloo
Courier.
by all means we want eonscrip-
ton" says the Tama News. But we
want the right kind. The government
ought TO enlist the great wealth Of our
quickly made millionaires and the ,mu-
nltions manufacturers. The dollars and
the gun shops ought to be used with
out giving the wealthy ones the profit.
Why not?"
1T would be a good idea for all coll
leges IN the state where young men
are attending TO be dismissed at once,
thus giving the boys opportunity to re-
turn home and work without falling
behind in their classes" says the Web
ster City Freeman Tribune. The need
OF the hour Is men TO get In the crops"
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16

Items of Interest Taken from the Siftings OF This
Corresponding Week Fifteen Years Ago

K. C. Bou1ev. o. ". Lowell
and II. \. Elliott had been ap-
pointed a committee in charge
o: EIks' memorial service to be
held Decem Der l.
4 forty foot vein o. treasure had
been touud in the Saratoga ar a
depth OF 1000 feet. making it
probable that the Newhouse tuu
rel would proceed-
During Ociober. 13l cars OF ore
had been Slipped from Idaho
Springs 10 snle.Je-s in Golden aud
Denver. Georgetown had seat &.
cars. while Empire shipped 80
car
Pres Waterman was Ill in
Denver, suffering from Al AGATE
attack OF Bright's disease. He
was I resident OF Central City
ani connected with that city's
newspapers.
Tne LuczuIa tunnel was being
pushed by Mr. Kirby TO reach the
great geld belt Of GIlpin county
ard solve the question OF trans
Portatiou and drainage for those
old time and profitable nipes.
TIE Blue Ribbon Mining and
Milling company were co1tenpIat-
Ing the erection O; hotel to cost
no, less than sI15.0oo. on the hill
where J. n BradEeY's house
stood over the cold niaeral springs
An elevator to the summit OF the
MIL was to he installed
Miss Mildred Roberts, daughter
OF I. l.. Roberts Ct this city and
NJ. SAN C. Melre-. formerly a res
Ideus OF IDAHO Springs, had been
married At the hone Of W 7.
Sampson OF Beaver. The Few
hcEe was TO be at BIac K
Hawk Mr. and Mrs. ). 4. Moves
ard L l. Roberts had been among
the guests
\ yein o: gold had been tn
covered within few feet Of where
so5t was first discovered ID Colo
rai9-Jzckssof.s Bar The new
veiz WAS four feet IN width. and re-
turned from $la1 to SIaD to tine
TOD IN gold TIE discovery was
made by john g. Roberts, wEo
owned 30 acres of placer ground
81 The city limits
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16
Mining Supplies Cost Money

The following statistics Of interest showing the upward
climb Il the at mining supplies
pound Of dynamite mech it did IL 1914
than half Is much a-an It did three years
Bar more doable. re steel practically has trebled
in value
VIE rope has doubled
foot of pipe which coe would
Bolts and u1 more ihau doubled
>uaeIter d-5o11s sud @ssaiia rope hare doubled
Asbestos material hsS a4arLy srsblv,l
Drill steel virtually i9abld Ia value the last three years
have
a lsas - per three years
articles supplied for around mines
mills and aee-s L5si There few E0tabk
eepc5ons lumber and coke. hat the Of
these articles nevertheless bevu Avanee materially,
srea4u- Accgtu- the Of the Anaconia
Copper company >1pEv increased ls1 within three
da had his Increased from
daily of 30 In the OF the
snail mining the supply woubi sill greater
Anaconda maintaining hard
department Purchases supplies immense lots which the
: uuaHe t7lc and consequently higher
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16

". II. Martin had left on a visit
10 Eugland.
Mrs. Cara h1aut was to enter
tain the W. c. T. L
Mrs. Thomas Woodward was
to entertain the Episcopal guild
l.. Mclean ard family were
soon to set sail home from Scotland
Mrs Chas. T There had beer
called to Beatrice by the death oil
her sister.
George +. Riley had returned
after attending the @. A. r. en-
csnpneus at Washington.
Professor P. L. Clarke had been
requested TO prepare an article on
IDAHO Springs fer Johuso1'S en-
cylopedia
Johu Liliigrsen had died OF hear,
failure at MS home rear Beaver
Brook. He left a wife and four
daughters.
Dr.. Alan D. Fraser bad fitted
up beautiful ot5ces IN the Hal
5uIdiug al Fourteenth avenue ard
Miner street.
Joseph Boyd and Jack Bell were
to leave in few DAYS for Mexico
to look after property in whic h
they were Interested.
The steam laundry was closed
M Duttou had found the bu<i-
ness II bad co1djtiou ard the
auIIding too small, hence the
closing
Judge Fraucfs Z. Burton oil
Duront. had been convicted in the
criminal court CT Boston. Of obtain
ing uouey under false preterse
but appealing Tor 4 new trial, and
furnishing a 5000 bond. he vas
again a liberty
0Sto Hausicg had been arrested
on complaint CT W 5. Mason.
presiien, OF the kaverre Co. for
having Appropriated TO his own
Use s5035.5q which belonged to
the company. Mr. Hzusiuz Iived
at Dunn Mt, and had always been
considered an hoEesl geutIenan.
He had secured the services oil
Sa BIN and C0ilern. lawyers. while
the state was TO Dc represented eF
Horace Ct Thurman. J. W 3.
Smith. and E. l. Regeouirrer-
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16
4 Study ID Crepe

Faith and perse~er-
auce- together with our
local tlae ssanIsh and
IN tert4ker DInty o.
Pm ara, makes him some
axce psI1uaL kind Of a
citizen around the Hill
DISTRICTS specially on
the morning after the
hi-h5 before Since
Mort NqEAigaa started
blacksEa irt.In ACROSS
Ito Other side of the
street from DnSys
place ELere : been CON
sielera bic eispaEI6c'a-
tiou rwIxt the two fac
Eious. Last Tuesday
night DEnEy was out
rather Iate and diefn- t
get hone uIh s,1ue un-
seasoned hour. When
be ei1d 6nel II his better
half was by the way
s1cta Dhnsy wss all
n1ussssecf up, Iue-EGdtn' a
broken nose and q pair
ct black eyes swollen
m1eh more than their
capacity
E0rzaa besake ysz..
Dnty exclaimed his
wife Now didn't I
tell vaz #cG that Multi
gan nd do TO you s0Cle
o these days. the blIth-
erin old s,:1anstreE-7
Sh-h-h- interrupt
ed Dlnly- ShpaAe not
dlshresh pec5fuI of the
dead
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16
Automobile Makers Turn To War Orders

manufacturers combining pGrEce Of
taking StGuNDoQtu erler between automobile
manufactures and provides far Immediate caFtAlEeat
uutIl oal per capacity being used or pleasure build
Dodge Brothers already taken $sC.o0o ori for Feeo
mechanism and have begun construction Of faeoFy II
veAjce Of Long Island has been given order
for 100 Gnoue f1r aues Simplex Automobile
rauy HsEauo asr9pane At
government company been formed
Wisconsin and forging plant costing 100000 i planned
for construction IN middle West
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16
Next One The Victory Loan"

which government spending the Liberty
money subscribe another Liberty Loan
billion dollars pra within NINETY days says Jasper
in LasIe-s We~kly
Where the money question that s
coed many asking Will sweep for the people
believe old theory ~shre AMI our. but the loan
therefore, and should therefore be called
The Victory Loan. Let rs 4u hope that ~ilI be.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16
YOU FATHERS

WHO have accumulated competence realize that requir
ed an effort TO gain what you have and also that
quires close watching to hold on to it.
Why not give your children chance to gain training IN
business habits methods that when the time comes to
money and property to them they Will have ac
ouire,I some knowledge OF handling financial affairs.
Let them start an account and learn the busnesske
way Of handling money while you alive and able to train
them in its proper and
The MERCHANTS and MINERS
NATIONAL BANK
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16

Charley Crusson has
d big lot OF ratahagas
In cool storage fog the
winter. Charles IN goes
a lI1tls heavy On spsu7ss
iiiEp1 IN sErra hs1shal has
been E,rt away for hmm
N the spr4d cHIIar.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16

ben tJIb35s narrowly
ese,'s ped cutting his foot
with an axe the othar
morning while cutting
klncllIrl- fs1r fires and
hAas- since resolved to
let his wife do tine ira
building while he lays
In bed
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16

Mrs Samantha Dee
vers, who has been on
the sick LIST ever SINCE
Floyd Hill WAS a hoIa
In the ground n.asn /
been enjoying as poor
health lately a she
generally does She
sat out on the porch
the other day wrapped
IN enough blankets 10
smother bar.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16

Bart GTlEytuus Is en-
lowing the war prosper
lily and If gasoline
doesn't get too high
Will buy a Pha1rst car
to haul Mrs. Bart and
the potaas1es to market
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16
AE1ea Thr1r1l.,s

Abe Thomas had 4
barrel Cd hard cider TO
spring a leak Last weels
and before he diss,uEer-
ed 1t half the barrel
rad escaped Ii made
4 be terribly gloomy
and blue TO think that
a whole half barrel of
good cider with a kick
to- it had gone to waste
when 1T might ha v :
been used in emery
eucy OF for medicinal
purposes
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16

Jabe Horaaus was
looking for the iend In
human form who, hor-
ruwed his log chains
and faIlesi to bring
them buck but Jabs
found them ElHer under
the barn. where be had
put Them himself and
HgrU1t all about IL.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16

Hau= " fls.1n got out
his fur coat the other
night To wear 10 the
dance at 1da Ho, but
found the moths had
e.aewess ii all 30 pieces
HaEr1e- ezssss+asi and said
If the moths were big
enough to get hold OF
be wu1Id kick the pack
in cut of them.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16

Hester Jones got her
feet wet the other day
and now has a bud cold
IN her head.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16

Hank Fodder who
Is the ownership OF a
bunch OF mpI..h cattle.
hMd ONE Of them kick
the bucket rsosher day
and spill alE it's milk.
The Idaho Springs siftings-news., 1917-11-16
Touring In Europe Comes High

Any reasonable aut5uo6f Europe
In Germany and
any pre >sga has permit
$3.50 before obtaining tire III Nway 'trss $500 each: Denmark
guarantee sill
Cfrsa Italy France pzsau
price tfeny gasoline gallon.
land % eeotss France 81 % Sweden st aad Italy ST.
HlENyER been yelling about the wildcat promoters
Ill II za-a os easy money Judge from
w RutIe who widely
the executive committee N5aar1lsau
Of wJbicattla- E5ksr Mrs
Rut alleges 5000 has alrsay been collected
membership
at4r G. TavaeF and followers
az s. Psgl further Iusfua1eS tzruasrs Of Colr who
thou-9 u19aey be used hslp them
good Wildcat pr9zae55rs after all do hAvs the oaIy
game Fo get money
m RCA>E Of Fauein- o properties by Standard Of Indiana
IL at years
u industry The Standard OIL method pravtoqy had
ty fa1- end Growing oG high grade OIL fields
7ears changed program
eoeEaaas f9rse4 protect Themselves
Pr9,tasfu- llnAs
lT1 ARE KICKING aaa1 Ta Increased OF coal and
I'M Et the a611 $40 day Is tins
O rhtt l. fair commodity OF kind this class of
hhor should BIZ Fa high Tha the OF
aa- aI where be found tbs
Ensraas ct country Eatly ta the eal
-f77foSEST JOHN Thought going collect
It'll every 9ane
04 campaign fund hls raeIeczlgn- Now
cersaad all the has fellows ST Pa1I who
prusese hang IT, Shatr15h apparently h mooney
the wroug card thas 1n@
f~rNCE WAR broke had country
every OF them uhaniI bumper and hinder the
III
uusnr took aaned
alien enemies and saekersz
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1917-02-27
Convict's Release
Resembles Tales
of French Bastile

COLUMBUS, Ohio, Feb. H.-Like
one Of the romantic stories of,thc
French bastilc is the tale oi John Con
nelly, who this morning walked forth 4
free man. after spending seventeen year
behind the walls OF the Ohio peniten
:iary
He was, like one almost forgotten
In 1900 he stole horse IN Guernsey
county. and, having twice been convict
ed before. was sentenced to the pcni,en-
tiary as an habltual criminal, which
meant indefinitely When he entered
the prison he was in his fifty first year,
and during his incarceration he behaved
himself almost without flaw.
Struck by its harshneSS, the general
assembly long ago repealed the habitual
criminal act, N. this did not bring Cor
nelly'S relcaS Yesterday Warden
Preston b. Thomas requested Governor
Cox, in the interest OF justice, to give
the old man his freedom on this, the
seventeenth anniversary OF his arrival.
Finding that he had relatives who
were willing to take him in, the COVER
nor sent a pardon this morning to him.
with the hope that his few remaining
years would contain no more trouble
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1917-02-27
Courts Ruling
W. A. BROOKS SPEAKER
BEFORE LIONS CLUB

" A Brook, was the principal
speaker at the weekly meeting OF the
Lion, club held at noon today He
took a, hi, subject Municipal Bonds as
a Form of Investment" He described
various bond, which might be issued
by a municipality and said that he be
llevcd them a very good investment
In mis- address Mr Brooks stated that
the laws OF Oklahoma were. as a whole
very good m the matter OF safeguard
ing investor, and tha, the unfortunate
advertising Oklahoma City received
some time ago IN regard TO bond, wa,
caused by the purchasers OF the stree
raying bonds buying them under IN,
mSapprehcnStQn that these bonds woulr
be taken up by the city These were a
special form OF bonds. however. he said
and were TO be paid BY the individual
property owners Municipal bonds. ac-
cordlng to the speaker. are non-taxable
for income taxes.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1917-02-27
Conferees Can't
Break Deadlock
on Postal Bill

WASHINGTON. Feb. Final
passage Of the postofiicc appropriation
bill with the Reed bone dry prohibi-
tlon amendment seemed today in grave
doubt Conierees on the bill were un-
able to break their deadlock on the
senate amendnpn, directing the post
master general to renew pneumatic
mail tube contracts The prohibition
measure issue was made more acute
IN the house when the District Of Co.
lumbia committee reported the senate
bill providing prohibition for the ma
tlonal capital but with numerou.
amendments including a referendum
and adding a bone dry provision. Pro.
hibitlon advocates are aligned against
any amendments whatever
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1917-02-27
NEW YORK

NGW YORK. Feb = Detailed reports
concerning tho sinking uf the l1 puia led
10 expressions NJ increased ucrNONauppF
over International affairs -ua tho cotton
inhtkei early today and - further Nr~'ri1-
Ton In the volume OF business llV.rrooI
. was moderate buyer. however. and
af'"r opening STEADY At unchanged prices
10 an advance Of points, active months
told about 10 points net higher before
F. tho "nf Of the first hour with Msy
i"u'hlrg 1913 cents and October 90
cents There was scattered realizing
winch .auscd some irregulati'y but ro-
poris ~ further reduction In the lOcHI
stock encouraged the bullish yicW of the
I rpul situation and offerings were limited
Private cables reported ycry steady
market ln Liverpool on end month cnH-
ing
The Liverpool huying. presumahly "a
undo straddleS at the record breaking
dlNetencc between the two markets was
tho feature of the morning The de-
nand from that source taporcd of after
the close abroad but there was scattered
buying 10y commission houses which held
prices fand toward midday there was n
squirt of covering by March shorts which
sent the market up very sharply uIiarrh
sold ~ points net higher aftef mid
ABOUT lS to 70 points ahove last night \
close. The new crop was neglected, but
h"ld steady In sympathy with the near
months strength
As soon ms tho more urgent dema nd
! for March shorts had been supplied, the
market showed renewed dullness with
prices easing or toward o'clock under
I realizing March hodto within \ few
/ points Of the best hut May aud July
/ eased back 10 within or II points oi
| last nights close, while new crop posi-
/ ttonS sold > or , points net lower
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1917-02-27
STOCKS DISPLAY
WAvER|NC TONE
Market Uncertain About Dip
IomatiC Affairs, 6l

NEW YORK, Feb q Latest aspects
of the international situation we're plain
IS reflected In the lower prices and gen
eral uncertainty which attended todayH
early trading Recesstons of ! TO ~
Asin,s were nadc' by 1nited SNtp-
Steel Utah Copper Marine prefe1pd
Alcohol and cuba Cane Cigar. with frac-
tiunal declines I'm othct active issues
Support was met on the decline and the
market soon rcadjusted itself. with com.
peie recovery I'm steel and actual gains
In other leaders. notably coppcrsr and
Texas company
Further selling of7shlppingp industrialT
and various spccialtieH occurred during
tho intermedist session forcing prices
lower In all directions Representative
Rails averaged losses OF a point or more
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1917-02-27
Commercial Club Project Dead.

No results have come from the move
mcnt for a commercial club for Purcell
Only a few merchants have taken an
active interest so lar in the agitation
1t is said by the editor and manager
of the Purcell Register, who have been
making regular trips through the ad-
Joining trade territory OF this city, that
trade which belongs here is gong to
the other small towns OF the county
II is the Register that is leading the
movement for the club, in the hopes OF
drawing some oi the trade here.
The Oklahoma City times. [volume] (Oklahoma City, Okla.) 1908-1984, 1917-02-27
PURCELL PASSES
|. SPEED ORDINANCE
Iwenty-One Alleged VioIatorS
Arrested First Day,

PURCELL. Okla. Feb 27.-(Spc-
cial)--Spccdlng on the Purcell streets
is mo more. Forced ID some measure
by the continued reckless driving OF
autol,ts. Mayor Blanchard has caused
an ordinance to be passed, prohibiting
excessive speed. and the ordinance IS
being enforced BY Chief OF Police Ed
Franks Although all were given
warning Saturday and Sunday, one
man Sneeringly diSregardcd ,hc traf
tic officer Saturday night and as a
result was up before Mayof Blanchard
this morning, together with twenty
other, Barrels have been placed al
street intersections TO guide tho motor
ttStS